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ALS  AND  ANTIQUITIES 


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OF  THE 


AND 


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SJPg      ,     rj._. 

---*«•       '--.  -  -  "- 

4.*-.-  :••  ' . "      1-/»y- 


994214 


[ENTERED  AT  STATIONERS'  HALL.] 


LONDON : 

FRINTED    BY  J.    AND  W.    RIDER, 
BARTHOIOMEW   CLOSE. 


ANNALS 


COUNTIES  AND  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  WALES. 


FLINTSHIRE. 

(SIR   FFLINT.) 

FLINTSHIRE  bears  a  name  more  difficult  of  interpretation  than  that  of  any  other  county  in 
Wales.  The  town  which  gives  name  to  the  county  is  old,  having  been  in  existence  since 
Roman  times.  The  Romans  had  a  road  passing  by,  and  had  here  a  station ;  but  that 
people  have  left  no  name  similar  to  Flint,  nor  are  we  informed  by  what  appellation  they 
marked  the  place.  The  Saxons  are  the  most  likely  people  to  have  originated  the  designation 
Flint,  for  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  language  there  is  such  a  word,  with  the  same  meaning  as  it 
has  in  English  when  applied  to  a  stone.  But  why  a  place  in  a  district  abounding  in  the 
soft  rocks  of  the  carboniferous  strata  should  be  called  by  this  name  by  the  Saxons  or  Angles 
it  is  not  easy  to  conjecture,  nor  is  it  indeed  known  that  the  name  was  ever  applied  by  that 
people. 

In  Domesday  Book  the  name  does  not  occur,  and  the  town  is  not  marked,  although  the 
district  or  hundred  which  possibly  was  considered  as  containing  it,  is  put  in  that  survey 
under  the  name  Coleselt.  The  ancient  British  inhabitants,  as  far  as  known,  had  no  collective 
name  for  this  district  ;  in  later  times  they  marked  the  end  of  the  region  next  the  sea,  from 
Flint  to  Rhuddlan,  as  the  "  hundred "  Tegeingl — "  the  fair  land  of  the  English."  This 
probably  was  only  a  translation,  embodying  a  slight  hint  of  the  national  regret  at  losing  so 
charming  a  piece  of  country,  of  the  English  "  Engle-field."  But  all  this  was  subsequent 
to  at  least  the  first  temporary  conquest  of  the  district  by  the  English,  which  may  be  said  to 
have  occurred  in  the  time  of  Egbert  (gth  cent).  The  hundred  contained  the  ancient 
comots  of  Cwnsallt,  Cwnsyllt,  or  Cwmseled  ;  Prestatyn,  or  Prestan  ;  and  Rhuddlan ;  and 
the  Domesday  Book  "  Coleselt "  may  be  taken  as  an  attempt  phonetically  to  imitate  the 
first  of  these  names.  The  modern  Callcstr  as  a  literal  rendering  of  Flint  is  scarcely  worth 
mentioning.  We  have,  therefore,  no  primitive  name  for  this  district ;  and  when  the  English 
name  Flint  first  came  into  vogue  it  is  not  easy  to  determine.  The  county  was  created  by 
Edward  I.  by  the  statute  of  Rhuddlan,  A.D.  1283,  concurrently  with  the  conquest  by  that 
king. 

The  present  division  of  Flintshire  is  into  five  hundreds :  Prestatyn  hundred,  directly 

2  r 


422  FLINTSHIRE. 

north,  following  the  coast ;  Rhuddlan,  in  the  north-west;  Mold,  in  the  east  and  south; 
Coleshill,  along  the  estuary  of  the  Dee ;  and  Maelor,  to  the  south-east,  comprehending  the 
portions  detached  from  the  main  body.  The  ancient  Welsh  division,  made  when  the  whole 
of  Wales  was  partitioned  into  cantrefs  and  comots,  did  not  greatly  differ  from  this, — the 
comots  of  that  division  having  been  followed  in  the  main  in  the  modern  arrangement  of 
hundreds.  The  ancient  comots  were  named  Rhuddlan ;  Prestan,  or  Prestatyn ;  Cwnsallt, 
or  Cwmseled  (modern  Coleshill) ;  Ystrad  Alyn  (modern  Mold) ;  Yr  Hob ;  and  Maelor. 
The  limits  did  not  precisely  agree  with  those  of  the  modern  hundreds,  but  the  degree  of 
agreement  existing  shows  that  the  old  divisions  have  been  generally  followed.  In  tabular 
form  they  stand  thus  : — 

Modern  hundreds.  Ancient  comots. 

Rhuddlan.  Rhuddlan. 

Prestatyn.  Prestan. 

Coleshill.  Cwmseled. 

Mold.  Ystrad  Alyn,  and  Yr  Hob. 

Maelor.  Maelor. 

The  towns  of  Flintshire  being  of  moderate  size  and  equably  distributed,  the  county 
cannot  be  said  to  have  any  one  centre  of  population  and  influence  of  preponderating  im- 
portance. Although  the  smallest  of  the  Welsh  counties  in  area,  its  population  is  the 
densest  of  any  in  Wales  except  Glamorganshire,  and  the  mental  activity  and  intelligence 
of  the  people  rank  high.  The  intelligence  of  the  peasantry  and  general  industrial  class  in 
this  and  the  neighbouring  county  of  Denbigh  is  much  superior  to  that  of  the  same  class 
across  the  border  in  Cheshire  and  Shropshire — a  circumstance  which  can  only  be  attributed 
to  the  natural  Celtic  quickness,  and  invigorating  power  of  a  more  diffused  popular  moral 
culture.  Mold,  Flint,  Holywell,  and  St.  Asaph,  are  the  towns  which  exercise  most  influence 
on  the  life  of  the  county ;  while  Rhyl,  Rhuddlan,  Caerwys,  Caergwrle,  and  Overton,  are 
also  places  of  more  or  less  note, — the  first-named  town  a  recently  created  and  thriving 
watering-place. 

In  ancient  times,  and  with  a  much  sparser  population,  the  chief  centres  of  political  and 
social  life  in  these  districts  were  at  Caerwys,  Rhuddlan,  Flint,  and  Caergwrle  ;  Holywell 
and  Mold  rose  also  into  prominence.  Rhuddlan  had  most  distinction  as  a  military  post 
and  meeting-place  of  contending  armies ;  Holywell,  with  the  well  and  abbey,  as  a  place  of 
resort  for  pilgrims  and  devotees ;  Caerwys  as  a  royal  domain  and  place  of  council ; 
Hawarden,  Caergwrle,  Flint,  and  Mold,  as  military  strongholds.  The  altered  condition  of 
society  has  given  all  these  places  a  different  character. 

SECTION  I.— PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 

This  county  in  its  main  part  is  an  irregular  parallelogram,  twenty-five  miles  long,  lying 
N.E.  by  S.E.,  by  ten  miles  broad.  An  outlying  portion  to  the  S.E.,  surrounded  by  Cheshire 
and  Denbighshire,  is  ten  miles  by  five.  The  county  of  Flint  measures  superficially  about 
244  square  miles,  or  184,905  acres— the  smallest  of  all  the  counties  of  Wales.  The  manu- 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION   OF  FLINTSHIRE.  423 

Picturing,  mining,  and  commercial  life  of  this  county  is  well  sustained,  and  therefore  its 
wealth  and  population  are  increasing. 

Total  population  of  Flintshire  in  1831         60,012. 

Do.         1841  ...  66,547. 

Do.         185!  ...  68,156. 

Do.         1861    69,737. 

Do.         1871  76,245- 

From  these  numbers  it  is  seen  that  in  the  two  decades  1831 — 41,  and  1861 — 71,  more 
especially  in  the  latter,  the  population  underwent  a  large  increase,  corresponding  with  fresh 
revivals  in  the  mining  operations  of  the  district. 

The  surface  of  the  county  is  generally  level  or  gently  undulating,  the  parts  lying  on  the 
estuary  of  the  Dee,  from  within  two  miles  of  Chester  to  Holywell,  being  flat,  having  at  an 
average  of  two  or  three  miles  distance  to  the  interior  a  rising  in  the  land,  reaching  in  places 
to  the  form  of  hills  (Halkin  Mountain,  &c.),  and  followed  westward  by  an  irregular  table- 
land, which  eventually  swells  on  the  margin  of  the  Vale  of  Clwyd  to  the  series  of  eminences 
denominated  the  Clwydian  Hills,  which  form  the  boundary  for  some  thirty  miles  between 
this  county  and  Denbighshire.  That  part  of  the  county  which  lies  to  the  S.E.,  bounded  by 
Denbighshire  and  Cheshire,  as  well  as  the  separate  tract  lying  to  the  S.E.  of  the  Dee,  and 
mainly  surrounded  by  Cheshire,  is  highly  fertile,  and  much  of  it  richly  wooded  and  orna- 
mented with  the  mansions  and  demesnes  of  the  gentry.  In  this  latter  region  are  Emral, 
the  home  of  the  Pulestons  ever  since  they  first  settled  in  Wales  in  the  thirteenth  century — 
now  possessed  by  Sir  Richard  Price  Puleston,  Bart.  ;  Betlisfield  Park,  the  seat  of  Sir 
John  Hanmer,  Bart.  ;  J3ryn-y-pys,  the  seat  of  Edmund  Peel,  Esq. ;  &c. 

In  the  fine  country  surrounding  Mold,  abounding  in  beautiful  landscapes  as  well  as  rich 
subterranean  treasures,  are  found  several  mansions  of  ancient  standing  and  fame.  Among 
these  may  be  mentioned  Leeswood,  formerly  Coed  Llai,  the  seat  of  J.  Wynne  Eyton,  Esq. ; 
Nerquis  Hall,  the  seat  of  P.  Lloyd  Fletcher,  Esq. ;  Tower,  the  seat  of  T.  Wynne  Eyton,  Esq. ; 
and  Plas  Teg  (C.  J.  Trevor-Roper,  Esq.)  In  this  part  also,  but  in  Denbighshire,  are 
Glanrafon  (Henry  J.  Potts,  Esq.) ;  Colomendy  (Capt.  Bryan  G.  D.  Cooke)  ;  and  Gelligynan 
(J.  Carstairs  Jones,  Esq.)  Nearer  Mold,  and  in  Flintshire,  are  Rhual  (Capt.  Edwin  W. 
Philips);  Plas  hsa  (Edward  Pemberton,  Esq.);  Soughton  Hall  (John  Scott  Bankes, 
Esq.);  Vale  Cottage  (G.  E.  Trevor-Roper,  Esq.);  Songhton  House  (Miss  Howard);  and 
Gwasaney,  the  property,  though  not  now  the  residence,  of  P.  B.  D.  Cooke,  Esq. 

Nearer  to  the  Dee  are  the  historic  Hawarden  Castle,  the  seat  of  Sir  Richard  Stephen 
Glynne,  Bart.,  and  Halkin  Castle,  one  of  the  seats  of  the  Marquis  of  Westminster ;  and  as  we 
pursue  our  survey  to  the  ancient  Englefield  and  the  sea,  the  eye  rests  upon  many  deeply 
interesting  demesnes  which  have  continued  for  many  hundred  years  the  homes  of  leading 
Welsh  families.  Near  Caerwys  is  MaesmynaH,  once  belonging  to  the  immortal  Prince 
Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd — the  very  spot,  it  is  probable,  whence  he  was  summoned  to  take  up 
the  reins  of  government  in  Gwynedd  ;  near  the  estuary  is  Mostyn  Hall,  which  has  been  the 
residence  of  the  Mostyn  family  for  several  centuries ;  close  by  is  Downing,  now  the  seat  of 
W.  Pilkington,  Esq.,  and  interesting  as  having  been  the  home  of  the  Pennants,  among  whom 


424 


FLINTSHIRE. 


the  chief  is  Thomas  Pennant,  the  antiquary;  Llanerch-y-mor  (Adam  Eyton,  Esq.)  ;  a  little 
further  on,  Talacre,  the  seat  of  another  branch  of  the  Mostyns,  now  Sir  Piers  Mostyn,  Bart.  ; 
and  to  the  west,  in  the  plain  of  the  Clwyd,  the  eye  descries  Bodrhyddan,  the  ancient  seat  of  the 
Conwys  (present  mansion  built  1596)  ;  Pengwern,  the  equally  ancient  seat  of  the  Mostyns, 
now  the  residence  of  the  Hon.  Thomas  Pryce  Lloyd  ;  Bodelwyddan,  the  castellated  and 
imposing  mansion  of  Sir  Hugh  Williams,  Bart.  ;  Bronwylfa,  near  St.  Asaph,  the  resi- 
dence of  Mrs.  Vaughan  Nanney,  and  once  the  abode  of  the  talented  Mrs.  Hemans,  and 
her  brother,  Sir  Henry  Browne  ;  and  at  a  small  distance  up  the  Vale  of  Clwyd,  on  the 
Flintshire  side,  is  Brynbella,  the  beautiful  villa  erected  by  Mrs.  Piozzi,  a  member  of  the 
family  of  Salusbury,  born  at  Bodfel,  Cam.,  and  an  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Johnson  and  many 
chief  literati  of  that  day. 

St.  Asaph  is  principally  distinguished  for  its  cathedral,  an  accompanying  bishop's  palace 
(present  bishop,  Dr.  Hughes),  a  deanery,  and  several  genteel  residences.  The  cathedral 
of  St.  Asaph  is  not  an  erection  of  large  proportions,  or  of  very  splendid  architecture, 


ST.   ASAPH  CATHEDRAL  (from  a  photo,  by  Bedford). 


but  appears  like  a  Christian  church  intended  more  for  use  than  ornament,  fitted 
for  the  purposes  of  worship  and  instruction  more  than  for  the  pomp  of  empty  cere- 
monial, or  inspiring  awe  by  a  wilderness  of  columns  and  arches  and  a  "  dim  religious 
light." 

The  little  "  city  "  of  St.  Asaph,  standing  on  a  swelling  of  the  land  between  the  rivers 
Clwyd  and  Elwy,  if  it  were  our  province  to  describe  towns,  might  be  eulogized  for  its 
situation,  and  for  the  air  of  neatness  and  respectability  by  which  it  is  marked.  The 
cathedral  is  an  ancient  building  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Elwy  river,  which  here,  after 
draining  the  central  parts  of  Northern  Denbighshire,  approaches  its  junction  with  the  Clwyd. 
From  this  river  the  church  is  called  in  Welsh  Llan-Elwy, — "  the  church  on  the  Elwy."  It 
is  said  that  the  first  erection  was  reared  in  the  sixth  century,  by  Cyndeyrn  ap  Owain  ap 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  FLINTSHIRE.  425 

Urien  Rheged,  of  Cumbria.  He  was,  they  say,  succeeded  by  Asaph,  who  by  his  holy  life 
gained  the  title  of  "  Saint,"  and  impressed  his  name  upon  the  place.  For  a  long  period 
St.  Asaph  ceased  to  be  the  residence  of  a  bishop.  Galfridus,  or  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  was 
made  bishop  here  in  1154,  and  wrote  or  translated  a  beautiful  romance  (embodying  some 
historical  facts),  which,  unfortunately  for  the  history  of  Wales,  has  been  relied  upon  by 
many  as  a  true  relation  of  the  early  annals  of  the  country. 

The  second  cathedral  erected  at  St.  Asaph  was  burnt  in  1283,  during  the  commotions 
which  succeeded  upon  the  conquest  of  Wales  by  Edward.  A  second  time,  in  1402,  the 
great  rebellion  of  Owain  Glyndwr  brought  desolation  on  the  town,  and  the  cathedral  was 
laid  in  ashes.  Bishop  Trevor  joined  Glyndwr,  and  served  in  the  field.  For  nearly  a 
century  the  church  lay  in  ruins,  and  the  edifice  which  was  next  built  is  that  which  still 
survives.  The  age  of  this  building  therefore,  barring  certain  alterations  and  repairs,  is  about 
370  years.  Bishop  Redmayne  was  chief  promoter  of  the  erection.  During  the  civil  war 
it  was  converted  into  a  barrack.  There  have  been  here  a  long  succession  of  eminent 
pastors :  Bishop  Hughes,  Dr.  Morgan,  translator  of  the  Bible,  Dr.  Isaac  Barrow,  Dr.  Parry, 
Dr.  Beveridge,  Dr.  Bagot,  Dr.  Horseley,  and  many  others  have  been  amongst  them.  The 
cathedral  has  of  late  years  been  greatly  improved  in  its  interior  arrangements.  It  is 
enriched  by  few  costly  monuments,  and  with  the  exception  of  the  great  eastern  and  western 
windows,  and  one  or  two  others,  the  painted  glass  is  not  of  striking  excellence. 

The  great  natural  features  of  Flintshire  are  its  maritime  margin,  which  extends  from 
Connah's  Quay  to  Rhyl ;  the  range  of  the  Clwydian  hills  on  its  western  side,  and  the  lower 
parallel  range  of  the  Halkin  and  Garreg  hills.  The  county  is  but  slightly  characterized  by 
valleys  and  streams ;  in  rivers  it  is  peculiarly  deficient.  The  Clwyd  passes  through  its 
north-western  corner  to  the  sea,  but  is  properly  a  Denbighshire  river.  With  the  exception 
of  the  pretty  Wheeler,  whose  course  extends  perhaps  a  dozen  miles,  and  a  few  small  brooks 
and  rivulets,  the  country  is  blessed  with  no  river  but  the  generous  Alyn,  which,  as  if  to  com- 
pensate for  the  absence  of  others,  lengthens  its  course  through  Flintshire  soil  by  first  travelling 
several  miles  northwards,  and  then  describing  the  sharp  arc  of  a  circle  in  fetching  its  southern 
course  by  Mold  for  the  distant  Caergwrle  and  the  Dee.  The  small  valleys  of  the  Alyn  and 
Wheeler  present  many  spots  of  exquisite  beauty,  and  many  of  the  smaller  streams  which  fall 
from  the  central  hills  to  the  estuary  of  the  Dee  on  one  side,  and  to  the  Vale  of  Clwyd  on  the 
other,  are  fringed  with  delightful  landscapes. 

Upon  the  whole,  Flintshire,  although  wanting  in  the  lofty  eminences  and  the  deep  and 
broken  depressions  which  supply  the  higher  class  of  picturesque  scenery,  may  justly  be  styled 
a  fair  and  beautiful  county.  The  scars  which  coal  and  metal  mining  has  produced  on  its  face 
have  not  been  able  to  deprive  it  of  its  comeliness.  The  soil  is  naturally  rich,  and  propitious 
for  the  growth  of  timber.  From  the  north-west  winds  the  Clwydian  hills  afford  it  protection. 
To  the  north-east  it  commands  a  prospect  over  the  wide  estuary  of  the  Dee  and  the  Channel 
which  is  scarcely  surpassed  for  spaciousness  and  pleasantness  in  any  part  of  the  island.  Those 
who  only  pass  by  railway  through  the  smoke  and  grime  of  Flint  and  Bagillt,  and  on  the  low 
level  of  the  marsh,  can  have  no  conception  of  the  real  character  of  Flintshire  scenery,  or  of 
the  grandeur  of  its  marine  and  distant  prospects.  The  country  between  Flint  and  Rhuddlan 
was  emphatically  the  7^-Eingl, — "  the  fair  land  of  the  English,"  of  the  Middle  Ages;  and 


426  FLINTSHIRE. 

the  variety  and  richness  of  the  surface,  with  its  investiture  of  mountain  and  sea,  fully  entitle 
it  to  the  character  it  received  from  its  ancient  possessors. 


SECTION  II.— GEOLOGY   AND    MINERALOGY    OF   FLINTSHIRE. 

If  a  line  is  drawn  from  Minera  to  Holywell,  and  continued  thence  to  the  sea  at  Prestatyn, 
the  western  limits  of  the  coal-field  of  Flintshire  will  be  roughly  described.  All  to  the  east 
and  north-east  of  this  line  belongs  to  the  carboniferous  strata,  with  the  exception  of  a 
corner  of  new  red  sandstone  on  both  sides  the  Dee  between  Chester  and  Queen's  Ferry. 
The  outlying  part  of  Flintshire  to  the  east  of  the  Dee  about  Overton,  Hanmer,  &c.,  is  wholly 
composed  of  new  red  sandstone,  and  has  no  minerals  unless  at  great  depths.  The  car- 
boniferous formation  monopolizes  more  than  half  the  surface  of  the  county,  and  yields  the 
most  prolific  returns  in  the  Mostyn,  Flint,  Hawarden,  and  Mold  districts.  The  seams  of  coal 
are  of  different  thickness,  varying  from  two  feet  to  five  yards,  and  the  dip  varies  from  one 
yard  in  four  to  two  in  three.  Common,  cannel,  and  peacock  coal  are  found.  Beds  of 
shale  and  sandstone,  answering  in  position  and  character  to  the  shale  and  millstone  grit  of 
Derbyshire,  underlie  the  coal  measures,  and  crop  out  from  beneath  them  on  the  south-west 
side  of  the  field,  forming  a  belt  more  inland  than  the  coal-field,  but  parallel  to  it  and  to 
the  shore  of  the  Dee,  and  separating  the  coal-field  from  the  district  occupied  by  the  car- 
boniferous or  mountain  limestone.  The  mountain  limestone  occupies  all  the  remainder  of 
the  county,  except  a  small  tract  occupied  by  the  new  red  sandstone  on  the  Rhuddlan 
Marsh,  extending  from  Prestatyn  to  Rhyl,  Bodelwyddan,  and  St.  Asaph.  In  this  lime- 
stone are  found  extensive  lodes  of  lead  ore,  especially  in  the  neighbourhood  of-  Holywell 
and  between  that  tract  and  Hawarden,  while  the  coal  seams  are  in  many  places  richly 
charged  with  iron  ore.  Copper,  zinc,  and  calamine  are  also  found. 

The  convulsion  which  raised  the  Wenlock  of  the  Clwydian  hills  above  the  new  red  of 
the  Vale  of  Clwyd,  and  the  coal  measures  of  the  north-eastern  side  of  the  county,  to  about 
the  same  level  as  the  latter,  left  the  new  red  of  the  opposite  coast  of  Cheshire,  with  all 
the  flat  country  about  Chester  and  Holt,  comparatively  undisturbed. 


SECTION  III.— HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 

Since  the  partition  of  Wales  by  Rhodri  the  Great  into  the  three  principalities  of  Gwynedd, 
Powys,  and  Deheubarth— or  North  Wales,  Powys,  and  South  Wales,— the  country  now 
called  Flintshire,  while  under  native  government,  was  partly  in  Gwynedd  and  partly  in  Powys. 
"  Englefield,"  or  the  part  nearest  the  sea,  belonged  to  the  former,  and  its  political  history 
and  government  therefore  would  be  identical  with  those  of  Gwynedd — already  sketched  in 
brief  under  Carnarvonshire  and  Anglesey. 

The  race  inhabiting  these  parts— the  ancient  Cymry— had  a  dominion  which,  in  the  form 
of  petty  kingdoms,  extended  not  only  over  North  Wales,  but  the  adjoining  regions  of 
Cheshire,  Lancashire,  and  on  to  Cumberland  and  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland.  The  Romans 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES:    "  RHUDDLAN  MARSH."  427 

called  the  people  of  North  Wales  Ordovices,  a  name  which  doubtless  was  meant  to  approxi- 
mate the  native  divisional  name  of  a  tribe,  or  of  a  collection  of  men  under  homogeneous 
government.  That  the  Romans  had  established  a  more  or  less  rigid  government  in  Flintshire 
is  ascertained  by  the  traces  we  find  of  their  roads,  stations,  and  villas,  from  Chester,  through 
Flint,  Caerwys,  and  Bodfari.  No  certain  knowledge  is  possessed  of  the  men  who  ruled  as 
chiefs  of  tribes  or  clans  in  these  parts  after  the  departure  of  the  Romans  in  the  fifth  century. 
It  is  more  than  probable  that  the  Cymry,  in  the  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  centuries,  having 
inherited  culture  and  wider  ideas  of  government  from  the  Romans,  aimed,  during  these 
centuries,  at  the  establishment  of  monarchic  rule,  and  that  Flintshire  as  well  as  Denbighshire, 
if  not  also  Cheshire  and  Shropshire,  were  under  the  central  government  of  a  prince  whose 
seat  was  in  Anglesey,  That  Aberffraw  was  that  seat  before  the  age  of  Rhodri  the  Great,  or 
the  ninth  century,  is  more  than  can  be  asserted.  That  the  government  was  central  is  but  a 
probable  conjecture ;  that  the  ruler  was  hereditary  is  very  doubtful ;  but  that  the  wretched 
divisions,  frequent  rivalries  of  petty  princes,  with  the  accompanying  violence,  treachery,  and 
crime  which  marred  and  polluted  the  face  of  Wales  from  the  ninth  to  the  thirteenth  centuries, 
and  at  last  brought  the  country  under  foreign  rule  (its  only  salvation),  were  disorders  which 
had  not  so  prominently  prevailed  in  earlier  times,  is  certain. 

With  the  establishment  of  the  kingdom  of  Mercia  the  affairs  of  Flintshire  come  out  to  the 
surface  with  some  distinctness.  That  before  this  time  the  Saxons  had  ravaged  these  parts  is 
in  some  measure  proved  by  the  desolating  visit  of  Austin  and  the  hosts  of  King  Ethelbert  to 
Bangor  Iscoed  in  the  sixth  century.  Edwin  of  Northumbria  and  Egbert  of  Wessex,  also, 
who  had  both  effected  a  kind  of  temporary  conquest  in  North  Wales,  doubtless  for  a  time 
held  Flintshire.  But  Offa  made  a  serious  business  of  the  conquest  of  a  portion  of  the 
territory,  and  to  this  day  has  left  obvious  proofs  of  his  earnestness  and  determination  in  the 
rampart  of  "  Offa's  Dyke,"  a  line  of  defence  which  cut  off  from  the  Welsh  the  best  part  of 
the  tract  now  called  Flintshire.  Whether  this  vallum,  remains  of  which  are  traceable  from 
near  Caergwrle  to  the  shore  near  Holywell,  is  more  properly  called  "  Offa's  Dyke "  or 
"  Watt's  Dyke,"  is  a  question  still  sub  judice;  but  be  it  the  one  or  the  other,  the  work  is  a 
monument  of  most  strenuous  doings,  a  long  scar  on  the  face  of  Flintshire  reminding  us  of  the 
bloody  onslaughts  of  King  Offa  and  his  Angles. 

It  is  not  quite  agreed  whether  the  great  and  disastrous  battle  of  Rhuddlan  Marsh,  fought 
in  795  or  796,  was  the  conflict  in  which  Offa  fell ;  but  probability  seems  to  favour  the  belief. 
In  this  encounter  the  British  prince  Caradoc  was  also  slain.  Many  battles  were  fought  on 
Rhuddlan  Marsh.  It  was  the  first  broad  and  level  plain  where  the  Cymric  hosts  could 
fairly  confront  an  invader  coming  from  the  English  borders.  Here,  therefore,  the  heroic 
Caradoc  made  his  stand  against  the  Angles  of  Mercia  ;  here,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the 
Confessor  (A.D.  1056)  the  brave  Saxon  Earl  Harold  came  upon  the  equally  brave  Prince 
Gruffydd  of  North  Wales,  who,  however,  noticing  the  overwhelming  numbers  of  the  foe, 
eluded  his  onset,  and  left  him  only  a  small  fleet  in  the  port  of  Rhuddlan  to  demolish,  which, 
along  with  the  town  and  stronghold,  were  soon  enveloped  in  flames  ;  here,  in  William  the 
Conqueror's  time,  Hugh  Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester,  after  overrunning  and  taking  possession 
of  the  whole  of  Flintshire,  fought  a  battle,  and  afterwards  built  a  castle  at  Rhuddlan.  Welsh 
tradition  has  always  held  that  the  great  battle  under  Offa  of  Mercia  and  Caradoc  is  the  one 
commemorated  by  the  plaintive  melody  called  Morfa  Rknddlan  ("  Rhuddlan  Marsh  "),  which 


428 


FLINTSHIRE. 


has  come  down  to  us  from  a  remote  antiquity,  but  whose  real  origin  is  unknown.  Nothing 
more  pathetic  exists  in  any  language.  It  is  the  wail  of  a  nation  faint  and  heart-broken  under 
a  great  disaster  : — 

"  The  cry  is  heard — the  long,  loud  wail — 
O'er  flood  and  plain,  o'er  hill  and  dale  ; 
It  is  the  heart  of  CYMRU  bleeds, 
For  fallen  sons  and  treacherous  deeds. 
Dismay  dwells  in  Caradoc's  halls  ; 
The  royal  minstrel,  doleful,  calls 
Forth  from  his  harp  a  strain  his  own  sad  heart  appals." 

The  sun  of  the  Mercian  kingdom  declined  with  the  fall  of  Offa,  but  Flintshire  and  the 
other  borders  of  Wales  profited  little  from  this  circumstance  ;  for  Egbert  of  Wessex  soon 
came  upon  the  field,  first  making  Mercia  and  Northumbria,  two  Anglian  kingdoms  which  had 
been  troublesome  to  North  Wales,  tributary,  and  then  extending  his  conquests  to  Wales 
herself.  Already  the  part  of  the  present  Flintshire  which  was  on  the  English  side  of  Offa's 
or  Watt's  Dyke,  had  been  snatched  from  the  Welsh.  Egbert  having  taken  Chester,  pushing 
farther  on,  for  a  time  obtained  possession  of  all  Flintshire  and  other  parts  of  the  country  ;  and 
during  this  conquest  many  English,  or  rather  Anglian  settlers,  were  introduced  into  the 
country.  The  island  of  Mon  received  the  appellation  Angles-ey — the  Angles'  island, — and 
it  was  now,  in  all  likelihood,  that  the  end  of  Flintshire  next  the  sea  received  the  name  of 
"  Engle-field,"  the  word  field  (feald)  in  Anglo-Saxon  meaning  not  merely  an  enclosed  piece 
of  land,  but  also  a  pasture,  a  plain,  a  tract  of  country.  Such  local  names  as  Flint,  Northop, 
Halkin,  Soughton,  and  perhaps  Mostyn — anciently  Moiston  (A.-Sax.,  maest,  pasture,  and  tony 
a  settlement),  had  now  their  birth. 

But  whatever  the  extent  and  completeness  of  the  possession  gained  by  the  English  under 
Egbert  and  the  Earls  of  Mercia,  it  is  certain  that  the  whole  country  up  to  Clawdd  Offa,  or  by 
whatever  name  we  should  call  the  single  vallum  which  in  Offa's  time  was  built  from  Holywell 
to  Caergwrle,  was  again  repossessed  by  the  North  Wales  princes.  Harold  had  to  fight  for  it 
for  Edward  the  Confessor ;  Robert  de  Rotheland,  nephew  of  Hugh  Lupus,  had  to  fight  for 
it  under  the  Normans,  and  then  built  a  Castle  of  Rhuddlan,  and  called  himself  after  the  name 
of  the  place.  (See  Rhuddlan  Castle.)  In  Domesday  Book  a  great  part  of  this  county  is  sur- 
veyed for  the  Conqueror  under  the  name  of  "  Atis-Cross  Hundred,"  called  after  a  cross  of 
that  name  standing  near  the  town  of  Flint  (part  of  which  is  mentioned  by  Pennant  as  still 
existing  in  his  time),  and  nearly  corresponding  with  the  region  called  by  the  Mercian  Angles 
"  Englefield." 

William  the  Conqueror,  however,  did  not  dispossess  the  Welsh  of  Flintshire,  or  if  he  did 
it  was  only  for  a  time,  for  we  find  that  when  the  deeds  of  the  heroic  Owain  Gwynedd  incited 
Henry  II.,  Plantagenet,  to  invade  North  Wales,  A.D.  1154,  instead  of  marching  into  and 
through  Flintshire,  as  a  country  belonging  to  himself,  he  had  to  pitch  his  camp  on  Saltney 
Marsh,  near  Chester,  while  Owain  Gwynedd,  with  a  huge  army,  encamped  on  the  marsh  near 
where  Holywell  station  now  stands,  that  is,  near  Basingwerk, — "  apud  Dinas  Bassing " 
(Annal.  Cambr.).  At  Coed  Ewloe,  near  Flint,  in  a  narrow  pass  (guarded  afterwards  by 
Ewloe  Castle),  an  advanced  detachment  of  Henry's  army  was  met  by  Owain's  sons  Dafydd 
and  Cynan,  and  overwhelmed  and  routed  with  dreadful  slaughter.  Terror  seized  the  English 
army  generally;  a  precipitate  flight  was  imminent,  and  Henry  with  the  greatest  difficulty  sue- 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE.  429 

ceededin  reassembling  his  forces.  Owain  now  retired  beyond  the  Clwyd,  and  allowing  Henry 
to  advance,  inflicted  on  him  another  defeat  at  Tan-yr-ogo  pass  ;  but  in  a  short  time  a  treaty 
was  arranged,  and  Henry  led  his  army  home.  Nothing  in  the  form  of  conquest  was  effected 
even  in  Flintshire  ;  but  Basingwerk  Castle  was  built,  Rhuddlan  Castle  was  fortified,  and  gar. 
risons  were  left  in  each ;  a  watch  was  to  be  kept  over  -the  movements  of  Owain,  and  peace 
secured  to  the  harassed  mid-region  of  Englefield. 

After  about  six  or  seven  years  of  quiet,  we  find  Dafydd,  the  son  of  Owain  Gwynedd, 
making  a  bold  and  desolating  raid  upon  Flintshire.  Henry,  therefore,  having  already  since 
his  defeat  at  Coed  Ewloe  made  a  bootless  expedition  into  South  Wales  to  curb  the  Prince 
Rhys  ap  Gruffydd  of  Dinefawr,  made  ostentatious  preparations  for  invading  N.  Wales,  as 
we  have  elsewhere  briefly  detailed,  vowing  to  destroy,  root  and  branch,  the  whole  race  of  the 
Cymry  (omnium  Wallensium  meditans  excidium — Annal.  Catnbr.).  Though  the  direct  pro- 
vocation had  been  given  in  Flintshire,  the  king  this  time  avoided  this  part,  and  entered,  or 
attempted  entering  Wales  by  Oswestry,  and  across  the  river  Ceiriog ;  but  in  crossing  that 
river  under  the  woods  of  Chirk,  he  met  with  a  signal  defeat,  and  was  himself  only  saved  from 
instant  death  by  the  devotion  of  Herbert  de  St.  Clair,  who,  seeing  an  arrow  coming,  placed 
himself  between  it  and  the  king,  and  fell  dead  on  the  spot.  Adwy'r  Beddau,  "the  pass  of  the 
graves,"  in  Offa's  Dyke,  where  the  dead  were  buried,  is  a  lasting  memorial  of  this  disaster. 
Henry  returned,  and  failing  to  cope  with  Owain,  wreaked  his  vengeance  on  the  helpless  hostages 
which  had  been  placed  in  his  hands,  amongst  whom  were  two  sons  of  Owain. 

Scarcely  had  a  year  elapsed  when  Owain  marched  again  into  Flintshire  and  demolished 
Basingwerk  Castle;  and  it  would  seem  that  in  the  year  following,  1167,  he  and  his  brother 
Cadwaladr,  with  the  aid  of  the  "  Lord  Rhys,"  of  South  Wales,  attacked  Rhuddlan  Castle,  and 
razed  it  to  the  ground — operations  which  probably  were  more  hostile  to  the  English  garrison 
than  to  the  population  of  the  adjacent  parts. 

The  stormy  reign  of  Llewelyn  the  Great  passes  without  events  of  marked  importance  in 
Flintshire.  Henry  II.  has  also  passed  away ;  and  Henry  III.  has  to  meet  the  troubles  in 
North  Wales,  fomented  mainly  by  Prince  Dafydd,  the  son  and  successor  of  Llewelyn.  In 
1245  Henry  visited  the  land  from  Flintshire  to  Anglesey  with  a  desolating  invasion,  which 
we  have  elsewhere  more  particularly  noticed  (see  under  Carnarvonshire,  p.  322);  but  the 
brunt  of  this  conflict  fell  on  the  interior  parts,  now  represented  by  the  counties  of  Carnarvon; 
Denbigh,  and  Anglesey,  more  than  on  Flintshire. 

Llewelyn  ap  Grufiydd,  the  last  Prince  of  Wales,  by  talent  and  heroic  exertion  seldom 
surpassed  in  the  annals  of  nations,  recovered  much  of  the  territory  already  alienated  from 
North  Wales,  and  amongst  other  districts  retook  possession  of  Flintshire.  In  1263  he 
destroyed  the  castle  of  Dyserth,  and  soon  after,  the  castle  of  Mold.  A  treaty  was  afterwards 
concluded  between  him  and  Henry,  according  to  which  Llewelyn  was  to  retain  the  whole  of 
North  Wales  and  Powys,  and  Henry,  who  had  sent  another  vain  expedition  to  Wales,  was  to 
receive  a  sum  of  money.  (See  pp.  324-5.) 

The  final  outbreak,  which  brought  the  nominal  independence  of  Wales  to  a  termination, 
commenced  in  Flintshire.  When  on  the  death  of  his  predecessor,  Prince  Dafydd  (A.D.  1246), 
Llewelyn  was  chosen  by  the  rhaith-gwlad,  "the  voice  and  judgment  of  the  country,"  to  rule 
over  one  part  of  North  Wales — his  brother  Owain  being  nominated  for  the  other  part, — it 
seems  that  he  was  residing  on  his  own  estate  at  Maesmynan,  near  Caerwys,  in  the  capacity 


430  FLINTSHIRE. 

also  of  Lord  of  Englefield,  Rbos,  Rhyfoniog,  and  Dyffryn  Clwyd,  or  the  whole  country 
between  Flint  and  Convvy  river.  Over  this  country  he  was  now  appointed  prince,  under  the 
suzerainship  of  the  English  king.  Soon,  however,  disagreements  ensued ;  Henry  invaded 
Wales ;  Llewelyn's  territory  was  by  treaty  conceded  to  the  English  ;  Reginald  cle  Grey  was 
established  as  lord  at  Ruthin,  and  Llewelyn  was  left  a  share  only  of  the  remainder  of  North 
Wales  beyond  the  Convvy.  Much  of  this  had  been  reversed  and  re-reversed  in  the  thirty-five 
years  which  preceded  the  fatal  year  1282.  Probably  Maesmynan  had  once  or  twice  more 
been  a  residence  of  Prince  Llewelyn,  although  his  chief  palace  was  at  Aberffraw.  The  bristling 
Norman  castles  on  the  heights  of  Dyserth,  Mold,  and  Basingwerk,  had  been  levelled  with 
the  ground.  A  treaty  of  peace  had  been  signed  confirming  the  status  quo.  Other  quarrels 
had  disturbed  the  arrangement,  and  other  wars  led  to  new  treaties.  But  at  last  the  tightening 
of  the  chain  which  more  and  more  curtailed  the  rights  of  Llewelyn,  and  the  shameless 
oppressions  of  the  king's  justiciaries,  De  Grey  of  Ruthin,  De  Clifford  of  Chester,  and 
others,  precipitated  another,  and  as  it  proved  final  rupture. 

To  this  we  have  already  referred  at  p.  326.  Dafydd,  Llewelyn's  brother,  who  had  in  past 
years  sided  with  his  foes,  now  stood  by  his  side  and  struck  the  first  blow.  Where  he  resided 
is  uncertain,  and  why  he  began  his  outbreak  in  Flintshire  equally  so.  But  that  he  should  at 
one  time  or  other  wreak  vengeance  on  De  Clifford,  an  insolent  alien  and  oppressor,  is 
intelligible.  This  man,  unconscious  of  danger,  was  in  his  castle  of  Hawarden,  when  suddenly 
in  the  night  David,  with  an  armed  band,  surrounded  the  place,  put  the  garrison  to  the  sword, 
and  carried  the  hapless  justiciary  off  to  the  mountains.  Llewelyn  and  David  joined  their 
forces,  and  pushed  on  the  enterprise ;  they  immediately  attacked  and  took  the  castles  of 
Flint  and  Rhuddlan,  and  subdued  the  territories  of  the  Marches  as  far  as  the  limits  of 
Gwynedd  and  Powys.  The  conflagration  spreading  to  the  south,  all  Wales  was  soon  in 
arms ;  but  the  sudden  fall  of  Llewelyn,  as  already  narrated,  brought  about  its  virtual  termi- 
nation and  the  conquest  of  the  country  before  the  end  of  that  year  (1282). 

The  insurrection  of  Owain  Glyndwr  did  not,  except  in  small  degree,  make  Flintshire  its 
theatre ;  nor  has  the  district,  since  the  conquest  of  Wales  by  Edward,  been  prolific  in  events. 
Most  of  those  connected  with  the  civil  wars  will  be  noticed  in  connection  with  the  castles  of 
the  county,  to  which  we  now  proceed. 

Antiquities. 

Among  the  antiquities  of  Flintshire,  the  great  ruined  castles'claim  our  first  attention;  and 
Rhuddlan  Castle,  when  we  consider  the  importance  and  number  of  the  events  embraced  in 
its  history,  is  entitled  to  prominent  rank  not  only  among  the  fortresses  of  Flintshire,  but 
among  those  of  the  United  Kingdom.  The  plan  of  this  castle  is  not  a  square,  but  a  parallel- 
ogram approaching  the  form  of  a  lozenge,  having  at  the  obtuse  opposite  angles  a  great 
portcullis  entrance,  flanked  by  two  massive  round  towers,  and  on  the  acute  angles  one 
equally  massive  round  tower.  The  chief  entrance  was  from  the  river  side,  and  is  depicted 
in  our  engraving.  The  courtyard  was  an  area  approaching  an  irregular  octagon.  Externally 
the  castle  was  surrounded  by  a  deep  ditch,  faced  with  stone  on  both  sides.  The  steep  slope 
to  the  river  was  defended  by  high  walls  and  square  towers,  one  of  which  in  Pennant's  time 
was  still  entire. 


RHUDDLAN  CASTLE. 


43' 


We  must  mention  what  has  generally  escaped  the  attention  of  writers  on  the  subject, 
that  there  existed  at  Rhuddlan  a  castle  much  earlier  than  the  present,  and  its  mound,  called 
"  Tut  Hill,"  is  still  visible  at  a  furlong's  distance  to  the  south.  It  was  the  fortress  built  by 
Llewelyn  ap  Sitsyllt  in  the  early  part  of  the  eleventh  century ;  surprised  by  Harold  the  Saxon 
in  1063  ;  taken,  restored,  and  fortified  by  Robert  de  Rotheland,  who,  with  some  writers,  has 
the  reputation  of  having  built  it ;  gave  shelter  to  Henry  II.,  1154  ;  was  taken  and  destroyed 
by  Owain  Gwynedd  (assisted  by  Cadvvaladr  and  Rhys,  of  South  Wales)  in  1167,  and  after- 
wards restored  by  him  ;  offered  hospitality  in  1188  to  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  who  says,  "We 
arrived  at  Ruthlan,  a  noble  castle  on  the  river  Cloyd,  belonging  to  David,  the  eldest  son  of 
Owain  [Gwynedd],  where,  at  the  warm  invitation  of  David  himself,  we  were  handsomely 
entertained  that  night ;  "  relieved  by  Roger  de  Lacy,  when  Ranulph,  Earl  of  Chester,  was 
besieged  there  by  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth  in  i2oy;  taken  by  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth  in  1214; 


RIIUDDLAN  CASTLE  (from  a pholo.  by  Bedford). 

"  We  do  love  these  ancient  ruins ; 
We  never  tread  upon  them  but  we  set 
Our  foot  upon  some  reverend  history." 


given  in  1254  to  Prince  Edward,  along  with  the  castles  oi  Dyserth  and  Diganwy,  and  the 
whole  country  between  Flint  and  Conway  ceded  by  Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd ;  occupied  by 
Edward  when,  soon  after  his  coronation,  he  invaded  North  Wales  (1276);  and  furiously 
attacked,  but  not  taken,  by  Llewelyn  and  his  brother  Dafydd  in  the  last  great  and  fatal 
insurrection  of  1282.  This  is  the  last  we  hear  of  the  old  castle  of  Rhuddlan. 

Edward  I.  now  set  to  work  to  build  the  great  castle,  whose  venerable  ruins  are  long 
destined  to  testify  of  those  stirring  times.  When  Edward  was  building  Conway  Castle,  A.D. 
1283,  he  sent  for  masons,  &c.,  from  Rhuddlan  (see  p.  333),  where  works  had  been  pro- 


432  FLINTSHIRE. 

gressing,  and  were  now  perhaps  completed  (Bag  of  Wales  No.  46,  Westm.  Chapterho.). 
This  was,  therefore,  beyond  doubt,  the  time  when  Rhuddlan  Castle  was  built — just  at  the 
crisis  of  the  conquest,  begun  as  a  means  of  conquest,  finished  for  its  consolidation.  The 
king  was  sensible  of  the  importance  of  the  place,  and  to  make  clean  work  of  it  selected 
a  new  site,  a  furlong  northward  of  the  old  castle,  and  planned  it  after  the  most  approved 
model  of  a  powerful  Norman  fortress. 

Edward  made  Rhuddlan  his  head-quarters  and  residence  while  the  settlement  and 
"  pacification  "  of  Wales  was  being  effected.  He  constituted  the  town  a  free  borough,  and 
bestowed  upon  the  inhabitants  many  immunities.  In  this  town,  probably  in  the  new  castle, 
his  queen,  Eleanor,  in  1282,  gave  birth  to  a  princess.  Here,  in  1283,  he  assembled  a  council, 
or  parliament,  at  which  the  great  instrument,  the  Statute  of  Rhtiddlan,  which  divided  Wales 
into  counties  and  selected  laws  for  its  government,  was  passed.  The  place  of  meeting 
appears  not  to  have  been  the  castle,  but  a  building  in  the  town,  the  remains  of  which  are 
still  pointed  out  to  the  visitor. 

It  was  from  Rhuddlan  that  Edward,  on  the  ist  November,  1282,  started  on  the  last  cam- 
paign against  Llewelyn.  It  was  at  Rhuddlan  that  the  head  of  Llewelyn  was  presented  to 
Edward,  who  despatched  it  with  joy  to  London  to  be  exhibited  through  the  streets,  and 
finally  fixed  on  the  Tower.  When  the  fallen  prince's  brother,  the  unfortunate  David,  who 
attempted  carrying  on  the  war,  was  surprised  and  taken,  Rhuddlan  Castle  became  his 
prison,  as  well  as  that  of  his  wife,  two  sons,  and  seven  daughters ;  and  thence  he  was  taken 
to  Shrewsbury  to  be  tried  and  executed. 

Rhuddlan  Castle  was  the  scene  of  that  insulting  farce  and  deception  in  which  Edward 
promised  the  Welsh  magnates  a  prince  to  govern  them  born  in  their  own  country,  who  could 
not  speak  a  word  of  English,  and  whose  life  was  without  stain;  and  then  rewarded  their 
expression  of  joy  with  the  announcement  of  his  child,  newly  born  at  Carnarvon  Castle  (1284). 

The  castle  of  Rhuddlan  continued  the  property  of  the  English  "  Princes  of  Wales."  In 
the  time  of  Henry  IV.,  Henry  de  Conwye  was  its  constable,  and  kept  it  with  wine,  men-at- 
arms,  and  thirty  archers,  at  the  cost  of  ^442  135.  lod.  In  1399  it  was  seized  by  the  Earl 
of  Northumberland,  a  short  time  before  the  deposition  of  Richard  II.,  who,  having  been 
enticed  out  of  Conway  Castle,  dined  here  on  his  way  to  Flint,  where  he  was  betrayed  into 
the  hands  of  Bolingbroke,  his  rival  and  murderer. 

Pennant  informs  us  (Journ.  to  Snowdon)  that  during  the  civil  war  Rhuddlan  Castle  "  was 
garrisoned  on  the  part  of  the  king,  who  visited  this  place  soon  after  his  defeat  at  Naseby." 
This  castle  had  a  governor  in  1645,  when,  according  to  the  Salusbury  pedigree,  Colonel 
Robert  Byron,  "  who  married  Miss  Holland,  of  Kinmel,"  held  the  office.  In  the  following 
year  the  place  was  taken  by  General  Mytton  for  the  Parliament,  and  soon  afterwards  was 
ordered  to  be  dismantled. 

The  castle  and  manor  of  Rhuddlan  were  granted  to  John  Coniers,  or  Conwy,  by  Edward 
the  Black  Prince.  His  descendants,  the  Conwys,  were  established  in  their  possession  by 
an  inquisition  taken  at  Flint  on  July  23rd,  in  the  twenty-first  of  Elizabeth,  before  Simon 
Thelwall,  Edward  Morgan,  Joshua  Lloyd,  Peter  Mostyn,  Thomas  Salusbury,  and  William 
Mostyn.  See  further,  Conwy  of  Bodrhyddan. 

About  half  a  mile  south  of  Rhuddlan  Castle  stood  a  monastery  of  Black  Friars,  built 


BASINGWERK  ABBEY  ;    ST.  WINIFRED'S  WELL.  433 

before  A.D.  1268.  and  which  continued  till  the  dissolution,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  The  Tuthill, 
the  site  of  the  ancient  fortress  already  referred  to,  and  the  rains  of  the  monastery,  are  com- 
prehended in  an  extensive  area,  surrounded  by  a  fosse,  still  traceable,  which  communicates 
with  the  castle  ditch.  Bishop  Tanner  says  that  Anian,  who  was  made  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph, 
and  whose  letter  to  the  Pope,  seeking  the  removal  of  the  see  to  Rhuddlan,  is  well  known 
(see  Warrington's  Hist,  of  Wales,  Append.),  was  once  prior  of  this  monastery.  The  place 
suffered  much  during  the  wars  between  Edward  and  Llewelyn,  but  was  afterwards  restored. 
The  well  of  fine  water  which  supplied  the  monastery  is  as  lively  and  sweet  as  ever,  but  of  the 
building  where  once  idle  monks  wandered  in  cloistered  shade,  and  performed  mechanical 
devotions  by  rote  and  rule,  all  that  remains  are  the  walls  of  some  humbfe  farm-sheds. 

"  Not  an  arch  of  nave  or  aisle, — 
Not  a  relic  marks  the  pile  ; 
Shrine  and  monumental  stone, 
Floor  and  fretted  vault  are  gone." 

Disserth,  or  Dyserth  Castle,  on  a  steep  between  Rhuddlan  and  Prestatyn,  was  at  first  a 
British  fortress,  rebuilt  by  Henry  III.  in  1241,  and  twenty  years  afterwards  destroyed  by 
Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd.  Near  this  ruin  is  the  productive  lead  mine  of  Talar-goch,  and  the 
church  of  the  same  name,  which  is  only  remarkable  for  a  Gothic  window  transferred  from 
the  dismantled  abbey  of  Basingwerk. 

The  ruins  of  Basingwerk  Abbey,  near  the  mouth  of  the  dingle  leading  from  Holywell  to 
the  sea,  are  not  of  imposing  dimensions,  but  are  just  sufficient,  in  their  hoary  and  neglected 
state,  to  show  that  the  Cistercian  monks  had  here  a  home  of  no  mean  dimensions  and  elegance. 
It  is  said  by  Bishop  Tanner  to  have  been  built  about  1131,  by  Ranulph,  Earl  of  Chester, 
and  made  a  Cistercian  abbey  by  Henry  II.  in  1159.  By  Henry  VIII.,  at  the  Dissolution, 
it  was  granted,  with  the  lands  of  Maes-glas  belonging  to  it,  to  Harri  ap  Harry,  into  whose 
family  William  Mostyn,  or  Moiston,  second  son  of  Pyrs  Mostyn  of  Talacre,  married,  and 
became  himself  of  Maes-glas.  His  wife  was  "  Anne,  co-heir  of  Harri  ap  Thomas  ap  Harri, 
of  Maes-glas."  He  "  bore  the  like  coate  as  Thomas  Moiston  of  Moiston,  and  Pyrs  Moiston 
of  Talakre,"  impaled  by  his  wife  with  ten  coats  additional  "  by  the  name  of  Harri  Parri  of 
Maes-Glas,"  descended  from  Ednowain  Bendew.  (See  note  on  Diunn,  ii.,  309.)  Near  the 
abbey  is  the  termination  of  the  great  work  called  Watt's  Dyke,  where  stood  at  one  time  a 
stronghold  called  Dinas  Bussing  (Annal.  Cambr.),  whose  origin  is  not  clearly  traceable,  but 
would  appear  from  the  name  to  be  the  "  work  "  of  some  Saxon  of  the  name  of  Bassing. 
Henry  II.,  after  his  disastrous  conflict  at  Ewloe  (1157),  rebuilt  this  castle,  which  at  the  time 
was  in  a  state  of  ruin,  and  very  soon  Owain  Gwynedd,  after  a  severe  siege,  captured  and 
demolished  it. 

St.  Winifred's  Well,  which  has  perpetuated  its  memory  in  the  name  of  the  town  of 
Holywell  (W.,  Tre-ffynon,  "  the  town  of  the  well "),  has  fallen  in  these  times  of  knowledge 
and  thoughtful  religion  into  greater  obscurity  than  had  covered  it  for  many  preceding  centu- 
ries. There  is  something  to  be  said  for  as  well  as  against  St.  Winifred's  Well.  The  old  monks 
who  encouraged  belief  in  the  miraculous  virtues  of  certain  springs  of  water  must  be  allowed 
to  have  mixed  up  a  grain  of  economic  and  therapeutic  wisdom  with  their  shrewd  professional 


434 


FLINTSHIRE. 


artifices.  The  application  of  clean  water  to  the  body  could  do  no  harm,  frequent  ablutions 
secured  cleanliness,  exercise  in  the  balmy  morning  air  favoured  circulation  and  digestion,  and 
many  cures  which  might  with  venial  exaggeration  be  termed  miraculous  were  wrought.  The 
copious  flow  of  this  spring,  which  gushes  out  of  the  rock  at  the  rate  of  about  twenty-one  tons 
per  minute,  would  of  itself  infallibly  give  it  celebrity,  and  naturally  lead  to  legend  and  miracle. 
For  volume  of  outflow  no  such  well  exists  in  Britain  ;  but  the  water,  clear  as  crystal',  except 
after  heavy  rains,  is  not  mineralized,  and  can  therefore  be  efficacious  for  healing  only  as  it 
favours  cleanliness,  and  by  stimulating  the  faith  which  already  exists  in  its  virtues,  tends  to 
influence  the  body  through  the  mind. 

The  legend  associated  with  this  noble  fountain  is  as  follows  : — A  beautiful  and  devout 
virgin,  Winifred  by  name,  daughter  of  Thewith,  a  nobleman  of  the  seventh  century,  and  niece 
of  St.  Beuno,  made  a  vow  of  perpetual  chastity,  and  spent  her  time  in  religious  exercises  in 
connection  with  the  sanctuary  which  St.  Beuno  had  founded  at  this  place.  A  young  prince 
of  the  name  of  Caradoc,  overpowered  with  admiration  of  her  beauty,  sought  her  love  ;  but 
Winifred  turned  away  from  him,  and  fled  for  protection  to  the  church.  Caradoc,  however, 
pursued  her,  and  in  an  ecstasy  of  rage  and  disappointment  struck  off  her  head,  which,  it  is 
alleged  (as  Mr.  Bingley  has  it),  "like  an  elastic  ball,  bounded  down  the  hill,  through  the  door 
of  the  church,  and  up  one  of  the  aisles  directly  to  the  altar,  where  her  friends  were  assembled 
at  prayer  :  resting  here,  a  clear  and  copious  fountain  immediately  gushed  out.  St.  Beuno 
snatched  up  the  head,  and  again  joining  it  to  the  body,  it  was,  to  the  surprise  and  admiration 
of  all  present,  immediately  united — the  place  of  separation  being  only  marked  by  a  white  line 
encircling  the  neck.  Caradoc  dropped  down  on  the  spot  where  he  had  committed  the 
atrocious  act,"  and  "  was  never  seen  afterwards."  "  The  sides  of  the  well  were  covered  with 
a  sweet-scented  moss,  and  the  stones  at  the  bottom  became  tinctured  with  her  blood,"  as 
Drayton  sings  in  his  Polyolbion  : — 

"  The  liveless  teares  shee  shed,  into  a  fountain  tiirne  ; 
And  that  for  her  alone  the  water  shonld  not  mourne, 
The  pure  vermilion  blood  that  issued  from  her  veines, 
Unto  this  very  day  the  pearly  gravel  staines." 

Winifred  survived  this  event  fifteen  years,  and  died  Abbess  of  Gwytherin  in  Denbighshire. 
"  There  her  body  rested  for  500  years,  till  the  reign  of  King  Stephen,"  when,  according  to 
Dugdale,  it  was  removed  in  the  year  1138  to  the  abbey  at  Shrewsbury.  The  well  soon 
began,  it  was  alleged,  to  work  miracles ;  hosts  of  pilgrims  flocked  to  the  spot,  hosts  of  lame, 
halt,  blind,  came  for  healing,  and  the  church  at  Holywell,  and  in  after  times  the  monks  at 
Basingwerk,  in  no  small  degree  prospered.  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  a  devout  believer  in 
marvels,  though  he  passed  through  Holywell  in  1188,  strange  to  say,  never  mentions 
St.  Winifred's  Well.  Fuller,  after  his  manner,  treats  the  legend  harshly  :  "  If  the  tip  of  his 
tongue  who  first  told,  and  the  top  of  his  fingers  who  first  wrote  this  damnable  lie  had  been 
cut  off,  and  they  had  both  been  sent  to  attain  their  cure  at  the  shrine  of  St.  Beuno,  they  would 
certainly  be  more  wary  afterwards  how  they  reported  or  recorded." 

St.  Winifred's  Well  is  covered  over  with  a  beautiful  Gothic  structure  (recently  restored  in 
good  taste),  said  to  be  the  gift  of  Margaret,  the  mother  of  Henry  VII.  The  canopy  over 
the  water  exhibits  the  richest  and  most  delicate  carving;  the  windows  are  fine,  but  the 
sculptures  which  in  their  niches  ornamented  the  place,  notably  one  of  the  Virgin  Mary 


FLINT  CASTLE;    1IAWARDEN  CASTLE.  435 

opposite  the  entrance,  have  disappeared.  Holywell  has  become  a  busy  town,  given  to  trade 
and  mining,  and  this  exquisite  structure,  with  the  traditions  and  inventions  which  cluster 
around  it,  are  things  forgotten  in  a  strange  land.  More  is  known  of  St.  Winifred  in  Ireland 
than  in  Wales,  and  an  occasional  Irishman  brings  his  ailments  to  the  Holy-well,  calls  on 
St.  Winifred,  and  returns  with  cleaner  skin  and  probably  better  health. 

Flint  Castle,  next  to  that  of  Rhuddlan,  is  the  "noblest  ruin  of  a  military  fortress  in  Flint- 
shire. Its  site  is  a  rock  of  triassic  freestone  of  moderate  height,  close  to  the  estuary  of  the 
Dee  ;  its  walls  were  built  of  the  same  material,  and  the  position  was  probably  chosen  because 
the  channel  of  the  Dee  at  the  time,  running  under  the  rock,  made  communication  with  the 
sea  at  this  place  easy.  No  account  has  come  down  of  a  fortress  at  this  place  before  the  time 
of  Henry  II. ,  who,  according  to  Camden,  was  the  first  founder  of  this  castle.  According  to 
Lefanditvraa  built  by  Edward  I.,  and  no  evidence  of  a  decisive  kind  is  discovered  to  support 
either  opinion  exclusively.  It  is,  however,  certain  that  the  castle  was  put  in  a  state  of 
strength  by  Edward  ;  that  it  was  in  existence  in  1281,  and  occupied  by  Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd 
and  his  brother  David  ;  and  that  they  abandoned  it  on  the  approach  of  Edward  in  1282.  In 
1332  Edward  III.  granted  this  and  other  castles,  with  all  his  lands  in  these  parts,  to  the 
Black  Prince.  In  1385  it  was  bestowed  by  Richard  II.,  with  the  chief  justiceship  of  Chester, 
upon  Robert  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford. 

A.D.  1399  Flint  Castle  was  surrendered  to  Percy,  Earl  of  Northumberland,  who  enticed 
hither  the  unfortunate  Richard  II.  to  be  betrayed  into  the  hands  of  Bolingbroke,  Duke  ot 
Lancaster,  who  made  him  a  prisoner,  and  in  a  few  months  having  compassed  his  death  at 
Pomfret,  ascended  the  throne  as  Henry  IV.  For  a  long  time  after  this  Flint  Castle  fell  into 
obscurity — the  abode  only  of  a  few  idle  men-at-arms.  In  the  civil  wars  it  was  garrisoned 
like  most  other  castles  "  for  the  king,"  and  like  them  also  "  taken  for  the  Parliament."  In 
1643  it  was  besieged  and  taken  by  Sir  William  Brereton,  but  was  retaken  by  the  Royalists. 
In  Aug.,  1646,  it  was  surrendered  to  the  parliamentary  General  Mytton  ;  and  in  December 
of  the  same  year,  according  to  Rushworth,  ordered  by  the  Parliament  to  be  "  so  far  destroyed 
as  to  be  rendered  untenable." 

Ewloe  Castle,  near  Northop,  a  small  ruin  at  the  head  of  a  ravine,  is  as  obscure  in  history 
as  in  situation.  Nobody  seems  to  know  by  whom  it  was  built.  In  Leland's  time  it  was 
"  a  ruinous  castelet  or  pile."  It  was  in  an  adjoining  wood  and  deep  glen,  still  called  "  Coed 
Ewloe,"  that  Henry  II.,  when  marching  to  meet  Owain  Gwynedd,  met  with  the  disastrous 
repulse  elsewhere  noticed.  Lyttleton  (Hist.  Henr.  II.)  says  his  army  was  "  routed  with 
dreadful  slaughter."  It  is  uncertain  whether  at  this  time  Ewloe  Castle  had  been  built,  or 
whether,  as  is  more  probable,  the  calamity  of  that  day  led  to  its  erection  as  a  cover  to  so 
dangerous  a  pass. 

Hawarden  Castle,  now  a  venerable  ruin  in  the  demesne  of  Sir  Richard  Stephen  Glynne, 
Bart.,  is  another  of  the  ancient.strongholds  of  this  county  concerning  whose  origin  a  good 
deal  of  uncertainty  prevails.  The  first  castle  here  was  founded  at  an  early  period — certainly 
in  the  next  age  after  William  the  Conqueror,  for  Roger  Fitzvalerine,  son  of  one  of  his 
adventurer  companions,  was  possessor  of  it.  The  barons  of  Montalt  were  here  seated.  It 
was  ceded  by  Henry  III.  to  Llewelyn  the  Great,  Prince  of  North  Wales,  who  seems  to  have 
destroyed  it.  After  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion  of  Simon  de  Montfort,  Earl  of  Leicester, 


436  FLINTSHIRE. 

it  reverted  to  the  Crown,  but  was  afterwards  restored  to  Robert  de  Montalt,  who  probably 
rebuilt  it  about  1280.  This  was  the  castle  surprised  by  David,  Llewelyn's  brother,  in  1281, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  great  and  final  insurrection,  when  he  captured  De  Clifford  and 
carried  him  away  to  Snowdon.  After  this  the  castle,  with  the  manor  and  other  possessions, 
was  passed  by  the  last  De  Montacute,  who  died  without  heir  male,  to  Queen  Isabella,  from 
whom  it  came  to  the  Crown,  and  in  1337  was  granted  to  Montacute,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  in 
whose  family  it  continued  till  1400.  In  1443  it  was  given  to  Sir  Thomas  Stanley,  through 
whom  it  passed  to  the  Earls  of  Derby,  but  was  forfeited  on  the  execution  of  James,  Earl  of 
Derby,  in  1651,  soon  after  which  it  was  purchased  from  the  agents  of  sequestration  by  Sir 
John  Glynne — the  celebrated  "  Sergeant  Glynne,"  ancestor  of  the  present  owner.  (See 
Glynne,  Hawarden  Castle.) 

During  the  civil  wars  the  castle  underwent  various  vicissitudes.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Parliament,  and  possessed  by  them  till  1643,  when  it  was  surrendered  to  the  king's  forces. 
In  1645  it  was  retaken  after  a  month's  siege  by  General  Mytton  (who  proceeded  hence  to 
reduce  Flint  Castle),  and  was  dismantled  in  the  same  year.  It  was  probably  thrown  into  a 
state  of  utter  ruin  by  its  proprietor,  Sir  William  Glynne,  in  1665.  After  this  the  present 
residential  castle  was  made  the  family  seat. 

Mold  Castle,  whose  site  has  for  ages  been  a  mere  mound  covered  with  trees,  was  for  a 
long  period  a  place  of  note.  It  was  probably  first  built  in  the  time  of  William  Rufus  on  a 
hill  which  the  Normans  called,  rather  grandiloquently,  Monte-alto  (of  which  Mold  is  a 
modernized  form),  and  which  the  Welsh  have  called — but  whether  as  a  translation  of  the 
Norman  name,  or  as  the  primitive  name  translated  by  the  Normans,  is  uncertain — •  Wyddgrug, 
"  the  conspicuous  hill."  The  builder  of  the  castle  was  Robert  de  Mont-alt,  who  took  his 
name  from  the  spot,  as  was  the  custom.  Owain  Gwynedd  soon  destroyed  it  (A.D.  1144). 
The  English  repossessed  and  built  it.  In  1267  Gruffydd  ap  Gwenwynwyn,  prince  of  Powys, 
took  and  demolished  the  place.  After  a  time  the  family  of  Mont-alt  regained  the  ownership, 
the  last  of  whom,  owner  also  of  Hawarden  Castle,  having  no  issue  male,  conveyed  it  along 
with  that  fortress  to  Isabella,  queen  of  Edward  II.,  for  life,  with  remainder  to  John  of  Eltham, 
a  younger  brother  of  that  king.  John  dying  without  issue,  the  castle  became  a  Crown  pos- 
session, then  passed  to  the  Stanleys ;  but  on  the  execution  of  James,  Earl  of  Derby,  this,  with 
his  other  estates,  was  sequestrated. 

Caergwrle  Castle,  amid  the  romantic  scenery  of  the  Alyn,  on  the  south-eastern  border  of 
the  county,  was  at  one  time  a  place  of  some  strength  and  strategic  importance,  but  has  long 
ago  become  an  insignificant  ruin.  Old  Churchyard,  in  his  Worthiness  of  Wales,  bewails  its 
sad  condition  in  his  time  : — 

"  With  rugged  waulles,  yea  all  so  rent  and  torne 
As  though  it  had  been  never  known  to  men, 
Or  careless  left,  as  wretched  thing  forlorn. " 

Like  the  castle,  the  town  of  Caergwrle  has  also  fallen  from  a  higher  estate.  There  is  reason 
to  believe  that  it  was  a  place  of  note  in  Roman  times.  Camden  discovered  here  a  hypo- 
caust,  six  yards  by  five,  hewn  out  of  the  solid  rock ;  and  on  some  of  the  tiles  were  inscribed 
the  letters  LEGIO  XX.  The  Twentieth  Legion  was  long  stationed  at  Chester,  to  which 
Caergwrle  may  have  served  as  an  outpost.  A  British  fortress  is  believed  to  have  existed  here 
both  befor<>  and  alter  the  Roman  occupation  ;  but  the  Caergwrle  Castle  of  which  we  have 


FOUNDERS  OF  NOBLE  TRIBES  IN  FLINTSHIRE.  437 

any  reliable  historical  notices  was  a  stronghold  of  the  Edwardian  period — possibly  built  by 
Edward  I.  himself,  or  by  one  of  the  Henrys.  It  was  given  by  Edward  to  Dafydd,  brother  of 
Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd,  when  he  acted  the  part  of  a  traitor  to  his  country  by  siding  with  the 
Plantagenet.  De  Clifford,  Justiciary  of  Chester,  tried  to  wrest  it  from  Dafydd,  but  failed. 
The  king  afterwards,  on  Dafydd's  revolt,  1282,  resumed  possession,  and  gave  the  castle  and 
lands  to  his  consort,  Eleanor,  who  stopped  here  on  her  way  to  Carnarvon  Castle  in  1284. 
It  is  said  that  the  name,  Queen's  Hope,  was  now  put  on  the  place  as  being  more  "  respectable" — 
a  name  which  has  partly  survived  in  Hope ;  but  no  device  can  eradicate  from  the  popular 
vocabulary  the  ancient  Caergwrle.  Immediately  after  this  the  castle  was  burnt  down.  Under 
Edward  II.  it  was  given  to  John  de  Cromwell  on  condition  that  he  should  repair  it,  and 
afterwards  passed,  like  Mold  and  Hawarden,  to  the  Stanleys,  who  lost  it  at  the  impeachment 
of  James,  Earl  of  Derby,  1651. 

*• 

Roman  Roads. — The  Roman  station  at  Caergwrle  was  joined  by  a  military  road  with 
Chester,  and  with  Mold  and  Caerwys  in  the  other  direction.  Of  the  latter,  traces  are 
visible  near  Plas  Teg,  and  in  other  localities.  From  Caerwys  it  proceeded  to  Bodfari 
(Variee),  below  which  it  crossed  the  Clwyd  for  the  station  of  Conovium.  It  has  been 
mentioned  that  a  Roman  road  from  Chester  along  the  margin  of  the  Dee  also  passed  near 
Flint,  traces  of  which  are  still  visible  not  far  from  the  shore. 

It  has  been  noticed  that  Watfs  Dyke  extended  in  Flintshire  from  the  neighbourhood  of 
Caergwrle  to  Holywell ;  but  in  many  parts  of  that  distance,  time  and  human  labour  have 
effected  its  entire  obliteration.  Still  more  completely  has  Offa's  Dyke,  which  is  believed  to 
have  traversed  the  whole  of  this  county,  been  effaced.  It  is  traceable  in  Denbighshire  to 
the  border  of  Flintshire  north  of  Brymbo,  but  beyond  that  point,  in  its  course  towards 
Mold  and  Newmarket— the  direction  it  is  believed  to  have  taken,  it  requires  great  ingenuity 
and  some  effort  of  imagination  to  discover  its  signs  until  we  approach  the  latter  tpwn. 
From  the  Holywell  and  St.  Asaph  Road,  on  the  western  side  of  Carreg  mountain,  to  New- 
market, a  distance  of  about  three  miles,  either  Offa's  or  some  similar  dyke  is  traceable  ;  and 
from  the  circumstance  that  Watt's  Dyke  is  known  to  terminate  near  the  sea  at  Holywell, 
and  the  distance  between  its  .line  and  the  fragmentary  dyke  at  Newmarket  somewhat 
corresponding  with  the  distance  between  the  two  in  Denbighshire,  it  seems  probable  that 
the  latter  is  a  part  of  Offa's  work.  Judging  from  its  direction,  it  would  terminate  at  the  sea 
near  Prestatyn. 


SECTION  IV.— FOUNDERS  OF  NOBLE  TRIBES  IN  FLINTSHIRE. 

Of  the  fifteen  founders  of  noble  tribes  in  North  Wales,  two  or\\y—£if»owam  Bendew, 
and  Edwin,  both  lords  of  Tegeingl— are  ascribed  to  the  district  now  included  in  the  county 
of  Flint.  The  rest  are  distributed  as  follows  : — 

Anglesey:  Hwfa  ap  Cynddelw ;  Llywarch  ap  Brdn;  Gweirydd  ap  Rhys;  Braint  Hir. 

Carnarvon :  Collwyn  ap  Tangno  j  Nefydd  Hardd ;  Cilmin  Droetu ;  Maelog  Cnvm. 

2  G 


438  FLINTSHIRE. 

Denbigh  :  Marchudd  ap  Cynan  ;  Hedd  Moelwynog  ;  Marchweitliian  :  Efnydd,  or  Eunydd 
ap  Gwenllian. 

Merioneth:  Ednowain  ap  Brad  wen. 


Ednowain  Bendew,  Founder  of  the  Thirteenth  Noble  Tribe. 

Ednowain,  surnamed  Hendnv  (thick-headed  or  stupid),  was  Lord  of  Tegeingl, — that  district 
between  Rhuddlan,  Caervvys,  Flint,  and  Holywell,  to  which  frequent  reference  has  already 
been  made — and  so  made  because  writers  on  the  older  geography  of  Wales  generally  avoid 
the  task  of  showing  its  position  and  limits.  In  spite  of  the  designation  applied  to  him, 
Ednowain  the  thick-headed  seems  to  have  been  not  only  a  man  of  noble  parentage,  but  also 
a  man  of  mark,  and  the  progenitor  of  an  energetic  race.  He  is  said  to  have  lived  about 
1079,  or  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror.  Of  his  residence  and  of  his  doings  little  is 
definitely  known,  and  we  can  only  judge  of  his  influence  from  the  many  families  who 
claimed  him  as  their  ancestor.  He  is  said  (Dwnn,  ii.,  303)  to  have  been  son  of  Gwaithfoed 
Fawr,  Lord  of  Ceredigion  (Cardigan) ;  but  upon  this  point  all  accounts  do  not  agree.  In 
Owen's  Cambr.  Biogr.  he  is  spoken  of  as  the  son  of  Bradwen,  and  thus  identified  with  the 
chieftain  of  Merioneth,  who  is  generally  held  to  be  a  separate  founder  of  a  noble  tribe.  In 
the  Cambrian  Register,  i.,  152,  he  is  described  as  Lord  of  Tegeingl,  and,  on  the  authority  of 
"  Peter  Ellis  the  counseller,"  as  "  chief  of  the  fifteen  peers  of  North  Wales ; "  and  it  is  added, 
"  Of  him  are  descended  Ithel  ap  Rotpert,  Archdeacon  of  Tegeingl,  all  the  Bithels,  Hanmers, 
and  many  other  noted  families."  His  granddaughter  Morfydd  married  Owen,  son  of 
Edwin  of  Englefield,  next  to  be  mentioned,  which  Owen  died  1103. 

Ednowain  Bendew's  arms  were — "  Arg.,  a  chevron  between  three  boars'  heads,  couped,  sa." 


Edwin  of  Englefield,  Founder  of  the  Twelfth  Noble  Tribe. 

The  title  usually  accorded  to  Edwin  is  King  of  Englefield  ;  but  this  term  is  subject  to 
loose  usage  in  the  Welsh  language,  and  very  often  means  in  reality  nothing  more  than 
chieftain  or  lord  of  a  territory.  The  Englefield  district  at  no  time  comprised  more  than  the 
half  of  modern  Flintshire,  and  since  the  time  when  the  name  Englefield  came  into  use  was 
certainly  never  possessed  of  unity  and  organization  such  as  would  make  the  application  ot 
the  terms  "  king  "  and  "  kingdom  "  in  relation  to  it  at  all  appropriate. 

The  time  when  Edwin,  Lord  of  Tegeingl,  lived  is  not  distinctly  stated,  but  may  be  approx- 
imately inferred  from  the  facts  respecting  his  family  which  are  embodied  in  various  pedi- 
grees. For  example,  he  was  grandson  of  Owain,  son  of  Howel  Dda,  and  his  son  Owain's 
daughter,  Angharad,  became  the  wife  of  Gruffydd  ap  Cynan,  Prince  of  North  Wales.  We 
know  that  this  prince,  the  vassal  ally  of  Henry  I.,  terminated  his  reign  A.D.  1137.  Edwin 
would  therefore  flourish  late  in  the  tenth  or  early  in  the  eleventh  century.  "  Many  worthy 
and  noble  gentlemen  in  Flintshire  and  Denbighshire  are  descended  of  him,— as  the  Bishop 
of  Bangor,  now  living  ;  Thomas  Owen,  a  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  father  of  Sir  Roger  Owen,  late  of  Cundover,  Kt. ;  Howel  Gwynedd,  a  very  valiant 
and  stout  man,  who,  siding  with  Owen  Glyndwr  against  Henry  IV.,  did  much  annoy  the 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE.  439 

English;  .  .  .  and  long  before  that  time  one  Owen  ap  Aldyd,  grandchild  to  Edwin,  by 
force  of  arms  kept  all  Tegeingl  in  subjection,  notwithstanding  all  the  power  of  king,  lord, 
and  country  to  the  contrary." — Cambr.  Jfeg.,  i.,  152.  In  our  next  section  it  will  be  seen  that 
a  large  number  of  chief  Flintshire  families  traced  to  him.  Edwin's  arms  were — "  Arg.,  a 
cross  fleury  engrailed  sa.,  between  three  Cornish  choughs  ppr.,  armed  gu." 


SECTION  V.— OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 

From  the  position  of  this  region  as  a  border  land,  and  its  well-known  liability  for  centuries 
to  warlike  inroads,  it  will  be  naturally  supposed  that  its  ancient  and  long-settled  families  are 
few  and  insignificant.  Strange  to  say,  this  is  not  the  case.  The  causes  may  be  various  and 
not  easily  traced,  but  the  result  is  patent  and  indisputable.  Flintshire,  though  the  most 
disturbed  and  the  smallest  of  the  counties  of  Wales,  can  well  hold  up  its  head  amongst  the 
others  for  the  quality  and  antiquity  of  leading  families,  and  more  than  equals  several  in  the 
number  of  households  of  distinction  which  have  come  down  from  a  remote  time,  and  are  still 
represented  by  well-known  names.  Families  whose  history  is  coeval  and  parallel  with  the 
whole  post-Norman  history  of  England,  whose  records  illustrate,  and  whose  members  have 
been  agents  in  every  crisis  in  that  history,  are  still  on  the  land,  and  are  fairly  entitled  to  the 
honour  of  being  called  "  old  "  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word  ;  while  many  others,  in  more 
than  equal  number,  though  not  of  more  than  equal  fame,  have  become  "  extinct."  The  still 
surviving  families  have  had  to  stand  in  the  usual  arena  of  conflict,  and  in  the  "  struggle  for 
existence  "  have  often  been  cast  down  and  apparently  foiled  ;  but  after  a  while,  out  of  the  fire 
which  seemed  to  have  consumed  them  they  have  again  risen  with  renewed  and  triumphing 
vigour. 

At  Mostyn  and  Talacre  we  still  find  the  Mostyns;  at  Bodrhyddan  the  line  of  the  Conwys, 
with  occasional  failure  of  male  representatives,  continues ;  at  Emral  the  Pulestons  are  still 
resident ;  from  Hanmer  the  old  stock,  either  in  senior  or  junior  branch,  has  not  been 
dislodged  ;  the  name  of  Morgan  is  still  associated  with  Golden-Grove,  and  that  of  Eyton  with 
Leeswood  (Coed-llai).  Equal  in  antiquity  with  the  earliest  of  these  is  the  name  of  Glynne  of 
Hawarden,  although  during  the  earliest  centuries  of  its  age  its  locale  was  in  Carnarvonshire  ; 
Penley  continues  the  home  of  the  Dymocks  ;  the  name  of  Pennant  is  not  now  at  Treffynnon, 
or  Downing,  but  it  is  not  extinct  in  the  county ;  and  the  Davieses,  though  not  now 
represented  by  name  at  Gwasanau,  or  elsewhere,  in  the  descendants  of  a  daughter  continue 
possessors  of  the  ancient  domain.  All  families  surviving  will  be  found  in  the  section  on 
The  County  Families  of  Flintshire. 

But  of  others,  not  a  few,  only  the  name  continues.  The  old  abodes  have  either  been 
levelled  with  the  ground,  converted  into  farming  tenements,  or  replaced  by  the  more  showy 
mansions  of  new  proprietors.  Old  estates  have  merged  into  new  and  larger,  or  have  been 
dissipated  into  small  properties — the  manors,  with  the  last  remains  of  the  once  proud  and 
flourishing  households  which  called  them  their  own,  having  now  alike  disappeared,  except 
from  the  records  of  the  antiquarian  and  the  lichen-covered  stones  of  the  cemetery.  Of  such 
there  have  been  many  in  Flintshire,  both  of  Cymric  and  foreign  origin,  of  whom  we  can  only 
now  say — Fuerunt. 


440  FLINTSHIRE. 

Young  of  Hanmer. 

This  family  was  descended  from  Tudor  Trevor,  and  long  resided  in  the  parish  of  Hanmer. 
It  would  appear  that  the  surname  Young  was  adopted  by  Morgan,  son  of  lorwerth  ap  Morgan, 
who  married  Margaret  Young,  daughter  and  heiress  of  "  William  Young  de  Sawardek  "  (Dwnri), 
and  this  surname  became  continuous  through  the  seven  generations  recorded  in  Dwnn's 
Visitations.  They  bore  the  arms  of  Tudor  Trevor — "  Ermine,  a  lion  rampant  arg.,"  and  six 
other  coats. 

Ravenscroft  of  Bretton. 

The  first  notice  of  this  family  is  found  in  the  marriage  (circa  1450)  of  Harri  Ravenscroft 
with  a  daughter  and  heiress  of  Ralph  Holland  of  Bretton  (of  the  Kinmel  Hollands),  who  had 
become  possessor  of  that  place  by  marriage  with  the  heiress  of  John  Skeffington.  They 
continued  at  Bretton  for  a  long  time,  and  intermarried  with  the  Grosvenors,  ancestors 
of  present  Marquis  of  Westminster,  the  Egertons,  the  Mostyns,  the  Breretons  and  Salusburys. 
Chancellor  Egerton,  Lord  Ellesmere,  married  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Ravenscroft.  They 
bore — "Arg.,  a  chevron  sa.,  between  three  ravens'  heads  erased,  proper;  "  and  quartered  the 
arms  of  Holland,  &c. 

Lloyd  of  Plasyn  Herseth  (HartsheatK) . 

This  family  claimed  descent  from  Ed*vin,  Lord  of  Tegeingl,  founder  of  the  twelfth  noble 
tribe,  and  great-grandson  of  Howel  Dda,  King  of  South  Wales  (see  Sect.,  "  Founders  of  Noble 
Tribes  ").  Dafydd  Llwyd,  whose  son  Edward  married  Catherine,  daughter  of  Pyrs  Stanley 
of  Ewloe  (i6th  century),  was  the  first  to  use  the  surname.  They  intermarried  with  the  Wynns 
of  Leeswood  and  Nerquis,  Davies  of  Gwasanau,  &c.  They  bore  on  their  escutcheon,  with 
several  quarterings,  the  arms  of  Edwin,  Lord  of  Tegeingl, — "Arg.,  a  cross  fleury  engrailed 
between  four  Cornish  choughs  sa.,  armed  gu." 

Wynn  of  Toiver. 

The  Tower,  which  had  been  a  place  of  celebrity  for  ages  before  its  occupation  by  this 
family  in  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century,  continued  to  be  the  home  of  the  Wynns  till 
the  direct  line  terminated  with  the  death  of  Robert  Wynne,  Esq.,  about  the  middle  of  the  last 
century  (see  Wynne-Eyton  of  Plas  Teg).  In  its  old  form  it  was  a  fortress  residence,  whence 
the  later  name  "  Tower,"  the  earlier  Cymric  name  being  Bryn-Coed.  It  was  the  abode  of 
Reinallt  ap  Gruffydd  ap  Bleddyn,  who  in  the  year  1465,  having  taken  Robert  Byrne,  Mayor 
of  Chester,  prisoner,  executed  him  by  hanging  him  to  a  staple,  which  still  remains,  in 
the  lower  story  of  the  tower.  Two  hundred  men  were  sent  from  Chester  to  seize  Reinallt, 
but  he  managed  to  shut  a  part  of  them  up  in  the  tower,  which  he  set  on  fire,  burning 
the  whole,  and  afterwards  attacked  the  rest,  who  nearly  all  perished  (Note  on  Dwnn,  ii.,  318). 
The  Wynns  of  Tower  were  of  the  line  of  Cynrig  Efell,  great-grandson  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn, 
Prince  of  Powys.  They  used  the  arms  of  Cynric  Efell,  of  Elystan  Glodrydd,  of  Caswallon  ap 
Owain  Cyfeiliog,  &c., — in  all  eleven  coats. 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE.  441 

Davies  of  Gwasanau, 

From  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn  through  Cynric  Efell,  son  of  Madoc,  last  Prince  of  Powys,  were 
also  the  ancient  family  of  Davies  of  Gwasanau.  (See  Cooke  of  Colomendy.)  In  1631, 
Robert  Davies,  at.  14,  was  the  head  of  the  family.  The  surname  began  with  John  ap 
Davydd,  who  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Thomas  Salusbury  of  Leadbrook,  and  granddau.  of  Sir 
Thomas  Salusbury,  Kt,  of  Lleweni.  They  also  intermarried  with  the  Lloyds  of  Hartsheath, 
the  Ravenscrofts  of  Bretton,  the  Breretons,  &c.  The  time  of  their  settlement  at  Gwasanau 
has  not  been  discovered  by  us.  The  above  Robert  Davies  has  already  been  mentioned  as 
grandfather  of  Robert  Davies  the  antiquary,  of  Llannerch  in  Denbighshire.  (See  Dod  of 
Llannerch)  John  Davies,  gr.  grandson  of  the  antiquary,  the  last  male  representative  of  this 
line,  dying  unm.,  the  estates  of  Gwasanau  and  Llannerch  were  divided  between  his  two 
sisters,  the  younger  of  whom,  Mary,  m.  Philip  Puleston  of  Hafod-y-wern,  and  had  issue  an 
only  dau.,  Frances,  who  m.  Bryan  Cooke,  Esq.,  whence  the  line  of  Davies-Cooke,  still 
continuing.  The  Davies  coat  was  that  of  Cynric  Efell,  "Arg.,  a  fesse  sa.  between  three 
lozenges  of  the  second." 


Conway  of  Soughton. 

This  was1  a  branch  of  the  Conwys  of  Bodrhyddan,  and  commenced  with  John,  heir  of 
Conwy  Hen  (the  elder,  to  distinguish  him  from  a  descendant  of  the  same  name,  who  is  called 
Ifanc,  or  younger),  whose  ancestors  came  to  England  "  with  the  Conqueror."  (See  Conwy 
of  Bodrhyddan.)  James,  second  son  of  John  Conwy  "  the  younger,"  of  Bodrhyddan,  by  Janet, 
dau.  of  Edmund  Stanley,  son  of  Sir  William  Stanley,  Knt,  married  Gwenhwyfar,  sole  heir  of 
David  ap  Cwnws  ap  Ithel,  and  had  a  son  Harri,  whose  son  Edward  was  gr.  grandfather  of 
John  Conwy  (d.  1680),  who  m.  Catherine,  dau.  and  heir  of  Edward  Hanmer,  of  Caerfallwch; 
and  his  dau.  Elizabeth,  eventually  the  representative  of  his  line,  carried  his  estate  to  her 
husband,  Rev.  Benjamin  Conway,  of  Efenechtyd,  Warden  of  Ruthin,  and  Vicar  of  Northop. 
Again  the  name  ceased  in  an  heiress,  his  only  dau.,  and  was  assumed  by  her  husband,  Rev. 
John  Potter,  of  Badgworth.  His  grandson  was  the  late  Rev.  B.  Conway  Conway,  of  Lower 
Soughton.  (Dwnn,  ii.,  324.) 

This  family  bore  the  arms  of  Conwy  of  Bodrhyddan,  and  those  of  Edwin  ap  Gronow, 
Lord. of  Tegeingl. 

Evans  of  Norihop  Hall. 

This  name  began  with  Ifan,  son  of  Ithel  ap  Dafydd.  Ifan  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of  James 
Conwy,  of  Bodrhyddan  (see  Conway  of  Soughton),  and  had  a  son,  Ellis  Ifans,  whose  son, 
Thomas  Evans,  Esq.,  was  father  of  Thomas  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Northop  Hall,  Sheriff  of 
Flintshire  1624.  The  estate  continued  in  his  descendants  until  the  middle  of  last  century, 
when  the  sole  representative  was  an  heiress,  Martha  Hughes,  who  m,  Edward  Pryse  Lloyd, 
Esq.,  of  Glansevin,  Carm.,  whose  descendants  are  still  at  the  latter  place.  (See  Lloyd 
of  Glansevin.) 


442 


FLINTSHIRE. 


Other  Families. 

Of  more  or  less  prominence  and  continuance  were  the  following  old  Flintshire  families: — 
Lloyds  of  Tre'rbeirdd,  near  Mold — a  branch  of  Lloyds  of  Hartsheath  ;  Evans  of  Coed-Llai, 
tracing  from  Edwin,  Lord  of  Tegeingl;  Hope  of  Hawarden,  descended  from  Robert  le  Hope, 
bearing  "  arg.,  three  storks  sa. ; "  subordinate  branches  of  the  stock  of  Hanmer,  such 
as  Hanmer  of  Fens  Hall,  and  Hanmer  of  Llannerch  Banna;  Lloyds  of  Halghton,  of  the 
lineage  of  Tudor  Trevor ;  Evans  of  Pant-Evan,  tracing  to  Llywarch  Holborough ;  Griffith 
of  Caerwys,  deriving  from  Ednowain  Bendew,  Lord  of  Tegeingl. 


SECTION  VI.— HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  FLINTSHIRE,  FROM  A.D.   1834  TO  1872. 

(A  reliable  list  for  prior  years  has  not  been  obtained.) 


A.D. 

Frederick  Charles  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Rhual       .  1834 
Charles  Blaney  Trevor   Roper,  Esq.,  of  Plas 

Teg 1835 

Sir  John  Williams,  Bart.,  of  Bodelwyddan      .  1836 

Sir  Edward  Mostyn,  Bart.,  ofTalacre     .         .  1837 

Edward  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Golden  Grove         .  1838 

John  Offley  Crewe  Read,  Esq.,  of  Hawarden.  1839 

William  Shipley  Conway,  Esq.,  of  Bodrhyddan  1840 

Llewelyn  Llpyd,  Esq.,  of  Pontryffydd     .         .  1841 

Llewelyn  Lloyd,  Esq.  (the  same)    .         .         .  1842 

Sir  Pyers  Mostyn,  Bart.,  ofTalacre        .         .  1843 

Sir  Richard  Puleston,  Bart. ,  of  Emral     .         .  1844 

Ralph  Richardson,  Esq.,  of  Greenfield  Hall   .  1845 

Samuel  Henry  Thompson,  Esq.,  of  Bryn  Coch  1846 

Llewelyn  Falkner  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Nannerch  .  1847 

Sir  William  Henry  Clerke,  Bart.,  of  Mertyn  .  1848 

Philip  Lake  Godsal,  Esq.,  of  Iscoyd  Park       .  1849 

Rudolph  William  Basil,  Viscount  Feilding    .  1850 

Wilson  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Hartsheath          .         .  1851 

Henry  Potts,  Esq.,  ofGlan'rafon   .         .         .  1852 
Whitehall  Dod,  Esq.,  of  Llannerch         .         .1853 

Henry  Raikes,  Esq.,  of  Llwynegrin        .         .  1854 


Arthur  Trevor,  Viscount  Dungannon,  of  Bryn- 

kinallt 1855 

Frederick  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Rhual  .  .  .  1856 

Robert  Wills,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Bellin.  .  .  1857 

Philip  Bryan  Davies  Cooke,  Esq.,  of  Gwysaney  1858 

Philip  William  Godsal,  Esq.,  of  Iscoyd  Park.  1859 
Howel  Maddock  Arthur  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Wepre 

Hall 1860 

Robert  Howard,  Esq.,  of  Broughton  Hall  .  1861 
Philip  Pennant  Pennant,  Esq.,  of  Soughton 

House    .......  1862 

Charles  Butler  Clough,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn  Offa  .  1863 

William  Barber  Buddicom,  Esq.,  Penbedw  .  1864 
Bryan  George  Davies  Cooke,  Esq.,  of  Colo- 

mendy     .......  1865 

John  Carstairs  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Hartsheath  .  1866 

Thomas  Hanmer  Wynne,  Esq. ,  of  Nerquis  Hall  1 867 

Richard  Pelham  Warren,  Esq. ,  of  Hope  Owen  1 868 

John  Scott  Bankes,  Esq.,  of  Soughton  Hall  .  1869 

Edmund  Peel,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-y-pys  .  .  1870 

Hugh  Robert  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Kinmel .  .  1871 

Edwin  William  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Rhual  .  .  1872 


SECTION  VII.— PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  FLINTSHIRE,  A.D.  1547—1660,  OR 
FROM  EDWARD  VI.  TO  THE  RESTORATION. 

According  to  Browne  Willis  no  member  was  summoned  from  Flintshire,  either  for  county 
or  borough,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  nor  for  the  county  during  the  reign  of  Edward  VI. 
The  borough  of  Flint,  however,  was  represented  in  the  two  Parliaments  under  the  latter 
reign. 

EDWARD  VI. 

Edward   Stanley,   Esq.   (probably  of  Ewloe), 

for  the  bor.  of  Flint          .... 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  the  same,  for  the  bor. 

of  Flint  . 


A.D. 


'547 


MARY. 

Robert  Massey,  Esq.,  for  the  county 
Edward    Stanley,   as   before,  for   the  bor    of 
Flint 


'553 


1553 


William  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  Mostyn,  for  the  co.' 
[In  the  royal  commission  issued  by  Elizabeth,  for 
the  purpose  of  holding  a  Bardic  meeting  at 
Caerwys,  A.D.  1568,  it  is  stated  that  "William 
Mostyn,  Esq.,  and  his  ancestors  have  had  the 
gift  and  bestowing  of  the  Silver  Harp  appertain- 
ing to  the  Chief  of  that  Faculty,"  and  that  "  the 
said  William  Mostyn  hath  promised  to  see  furni- 
ture and  things  necessary  for  that  assembly  at  the 
place  aforesaid."  The  Silver  Harp  was  a  decora- 
tion for  the  occasion,  and  did  not  become  the  pro- 
perty of  the  successful  competitor.  It  is  still 
preserved  at  Mostyn.  (See  note  on  Diunn,  ii., 
308.) 

Robert  Massey,  Esq.,  for  the  bor.  of  Flint 


A.D. 


1554 


[Tills  Ctest  was  given  and  confirmed  to  the  father  of  Ralph  Hughes — namely,  William  Hughes  ol  I. 
erllycl— by  Sir  Richard  St.  George  Kt.  Norroy  King  of  Arms,  by  a  Deed  dated  28th  of  August  1621 
which  the  following  is  a  copy  :  — 

"  Whereas  William  Hughes  of  Llewerllyd,  the  son  of  Hugh  ap  p's  ap  William,  beeing  lyneally  descei 
'  from  Madog  ap  Madog  goch,  wanting  unto  his  coate  of  armes  a  fit  crest  to  be  borne,  hath  requested  mi 
'  Rich.  St .  George  Knight,  als  norroy  Kinge  of  Arnies,  to  appoint  him  sutch  a  one  as  he  may  lawfully  beare 
'which  his  Just  Request  I  have  accomplished,  viz:  —  out  of  a  coronet   or  ,  a  demi   Lyone  ar. ,  houldii 
'rose  gules  stem  and   leaves  vt,  as  may  now  plainly  appear  above  depicted,   the   which  Crest  I  doe  he 
'  Ratafy  and  comfyrme  unto  the  said  William   Hughes  and  to  hisheyres  forever.     In  witness  whearof  I 
•hearunto  put  my  hand,  xxviii"1  daye  of  August,  an".    1620." 
The    "Madog  ap    Mndog  goch"   mentioned   in  the  above  Grant  was   sevcnlh    in   lineal   male  ile^cent 


:uhvaladr  second  son  of  Griffith  ap  Cynan,  King  of  North  Wales,    by  his  second  wife  Dyclclgy,  daughter  of 
eredith  ap  Hleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Prince  of  1'owys.     According  to  the  family  pedigree  which  is  preserved  in  the 


rant  from  him  of  the  Church  of  N'evin  "Deo  et  Keel'"  S  Johannis  Evan'  de  Hageman  el  Canonieis  ibidem 
'co  servientihus."  On  one  occasion  he  quarrelled  with  his  brother  Owen  Gwyr.edd  the  reigning  sovereign, 
L'took  himself  for  safety  to  his  friend  Hugh  Lupus  Earl  of  Chester,  and  there  assumed  the  sovereign 
tie  of  \\  ales.  At  Katon  Hall.  Lord  \Vestminster' s,  is  a  Deed  which  on  this  occasion  he  witnesses  as  "  King 
f Wales."  An  account  of  his  eventful  life  may  be  read  in  I'owel  and  other  Welsh  Histories  He  died  in  1174.) 

1'ajfe  44J. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


443 


PHILIP  AND  MARY. 
William  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  Mostyn,  for  the  co. 
Robert  Massey,  Esq.,  for  the  bor.  of  Flint 
Robert  Massey,  Esq.,  for  the  county 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  of  Ewloe,  for  the  bor. 

of  Flint 

John  Conwy,  Esq.,  of  Bodrhyddan,  for  the  co.  1 
[He  was  called  "  John  aer  Conwy  ifangc  " — heir  I 

of  Conwy  Junior.] 
Peter  Mostyn,  Esq. ,  for  the  bor.  of  Flint 

[Qy.  whether  he  was  not  Pyrs  Mostyn,  of  Talacre.  I 
Peter  is  not  a  family  name  of  either  branch  of  the  | 
Mostyns.     Pyrs  Mostyn,  of  Talacre,  lived  at  this 
time.] 

ELIZABETH. 

John  Griffith,  Esq.  (of  Caerwys  ?),  for  the  co.   . 
No  name  for  the  borough  of  Flint  . 
George  Ravenscroft,  Esq.,  of  Bretton,  for  co.  . 
John  Conwy,  Esq.,  of  Bodrhyddan  (see  1557),  j 

for  the  borough        ..... 
John  Griffith,  Esq.  [of  Caerwys  ?],  for  the  co. 
John  Hanmer,  Esq.  [of  Hanmer  ?],  for  Flint  . 
William  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  Mostyn,  for  the  co.  ^ 
[See  also  1554.]  £ 

Humphrey  Hanmer,  Gent.,  for  Flint  .  .  J 
John  Hope,  Esq.  [of  Hawarden  ?],  for  the  co.  ] 
Richard  Lloyd,  Esq.  [place  unknown],  for  Flint  1 
William  Ravenscroft,  Esq.,  for  the  county  .  i 
Michael  Doughty,  Esq.  [place  unknown],  for  5 

Flint 1 

Sir  Roger  Puleston,  Kt.,  of  Emral,  for  the  co.  j 
John  Edwards,  Esq.  [ofPlas-newydd?],  for  Flint  i 
[Sir]  Thomas  Hanmer,  for  the  co.  .  .  .  1 

[Of  Hanmer;  knighted  by  James  I.,  1603.] 
Thomas  Goffe.Gent.  [place  unknown],  for  Flint ) 
William  Ravenscroft,  Esq.  [of  Bretton],  for  the  • 

co. 

Name  not  given  for  the  borough  of  Flint  .  . 
William  Ravenscroft,  Esq.  [of  Bretton],  for  ] 

the  county       .         .         .         .         .         .  [ 

John  Price,  Esq.  [place  unknown],  for  Flint    .  ! 


A.D. 
1554 

'555 


IS57 


J597 


1601 


JAMES  I. 

[Sir]  Roger  Puleston  [Kt. ,  of  Emral],  for  the  co. 
Roger  Brereton,  Esq.  [of  Borras  ?],  for  Flint  . 
[Sir]  Roger  Puleston  [Kt.,  of  Emral],  for  the  co.  j    , 
William  Ravenscroft,  Esq.  [of  Bretton],  for  Flint  i        4 


1603 


Sir  Roger  Mostyn,  Kt.  [of  Mostyn],  for  the  co. 
William  Ravenscroft,  Esq.  [of  Brett  on],  for  Flint  ' 
[Sir]  John  Hanmer  [Bart.,  of  Hanmer]  for  the"] 
co.  .......  f 

[Made  a  baronet  1620, — the  first  of  his  house.]  C 

William  Ravenscroft,  Esq.  (as  above),  for  Flint  J 


1620 


1623 


ist  session  1625-6 


CHARLES  I. 

Sir  John  Trevor,  Kt.  [of  Trevalyn], ' 
for  the  co. 

[Knighted  at  Windsor,  1618  ;  father 
of  Sir  John  Trevor,   the    Privy 
Councillor.] 
William    Ravenscroft,    Esq.    (as 

above),  for  Flint  . 
John  Salusbury,  Esq.,  for  the  co.  'l 
William    Ravenscroft,    Esq.    (as  >  2ndsession  1625-6 

above),  for  Flint  .         .         .  ) 
Robert  Jones,  Esq.  [of  Llwyn-Onn  ?],  for  the  co. 
William  Ravenscroft,  Esq.  (as  above),  for  Flint  J 
John  Mostyn,  Esq.,  for  the  co. 

[Second  son  of  Sir  Roger,  of  Mostyn  ;  repres.  co. 

of  Anglesey  in  1623  ;  d.  jtnm.  about  1643.] 
John  Hanmer,  Esq.,  for  the  bor.  of  Flint 
John  Mostyn,  Esq.,  for  the  co. 
John  Salusbury,  Esq. 
Thomas  Myddelton 


for  Flint. 


1628 


1640 


"LongParl." 
(see  p.  403),  1640 


THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 
The   "Rump  Parliament"  continues  to  meet)     , 
(see  p.  403)     .         .  .  J      53 


(see  p.  403) 
The    "Barebones"  or 
called  (see  p.  403) 


'  Little  "    Parliament 


1653 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

John  Trevor,  Esq.,  for  the  co.         .         .         .T 

[Afterwards   the   Privy   Councillor;    knighted    by(     fi 

Charles  II.     See  1625?]  f  I054 

Andrew  Ellis,  Esq.  [place  unknown],  for  Flint  3 
[Sir]  John  Glynne,  "  Chief  Justice  of  the  Upper) 

Bench,"  for  the  co.  .         .         .         .  C  1656 

John  Trevor,  Esq.  [for  the  co.,  1654],  for  Flint  J 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  PROTECTOR. 
John  Trevor,  Esq.  [see  1654],  for  the  co.        ) 
No  name  given  for  the  bor.  of  Flint        .        j      59 
The  "Restoration"  of  Charles  II.  .         .     I06o 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


BANKES,  John  Scott,  Esq.,  of  Soughton  Hall, 

Flintshire. 

Is  also  of  Penmachno,  co.  of  Carnarvon, 
and  Dolym&ch,  co.  of  Merioneth  ;  J.  P. 
and  D.  L.  for  Dorsetshire,  J.  P.  for  Flint- 
shire ;  High  Sheriff  for  Flintshire  1869  ; 
and  Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions,  Flint- 
shire ;  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Bankes, 
M.A.,  Rector  of  Corfe  Castle,  Canon  of 
Bristol  and  Gloucester,  and  Chaplain  to 
the  Queen  (d.  24th  May,  1867),  by  the 
Lady  Frances  Jane  Scott,  dau.  of  John, 
EarlofEldon;  b.  in  London  nth  January, 
1826;  ed.  at  Eton  and  Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  of 
University  College  1847;  m.,  1849,  Annie, 
dau.  of  Sir  John  Jervis,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Common  Pleas;  s.  to  estates  1867; 
has  issue  three  sons  and  six  daughters. 

Heir :  John  Eldon  Bankes. 

Residence  :  Soughton  Hall,  Flintshire. 

Town  Address :  Arthur's  Club. 

Arms :  Sa.,  a  cross  engrailed  ermine,  between 
four  fleurs  de  lis  or  (with  several  quarterings). 

Motto :  Velle  quod  Deus  vult. 

LINEAGE. 

,  This  family  derives  its  descent  from    Sir  John 

Bankes,  Knt.,  LL.D.,  Lord  Chief  Justice  Common 
Pleas,  1640,  whose  name  is  prominent  in  the  trans- 
actions of  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  The  Right  Hon. 
George  Bankes,  P.C.,  M. P.,  Judge  Advocate,  &c., 
d.  1856,  was  amongst  celebrated  members  of  this 
family ;  and  the  name  is  well  known  of  Lady 
Bankes,  who  defended  Corfe  Castle  in  the  time 
of  Cromwell.  She  d.  nth  April,  1661. 
Note. — Soughton  Hall  was  restored  1868. 

CLOUGH,  Charles  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn  Offa, 

Flintshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Flint;  High 
Sheriff  for  Flintshire  1863  ;  son  of  the  late 
James  Butler  Clough,  Esq.,  Liverpool,  and 
Llwyn  Offa;  b.  at  Rodney  Street,  Liverpool, 
30th  January,  1817;  ed.  at  Rugby;  m.,  3rd 
February,  1846,  Margaret,  dau.  of  Frede- 
rick B.  Clough,  Esq.,  of  Ruthin,  and  has 
issue  four  sons  and  five  daughters. 

Heir:  George  Frederick  Clough,  b.  1848. 
Residences :  Llwyn  Offa,  near  Mold ;  Boughton 
House,  Chester. 

Arms:  Az.,    a  greyhound's  head  couped  arg. 
betw.  three  mascles  of  the  second. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Cloughs  are  an  ancient  Denbighshire  family. 
The  best  known  name  and  chief  founder  of  this 


family  was  Sir  Richard  Clough,  Knt.,  an  enter- 
prising foreign  merchant,  the  builder  (1567)  of  the 
now  venerable  mansion  of  Plas  Clough  near  Den- 
bigh, which  continues  the  property  of  his  descend- 
ants, although  not  now  one  of  their  residences  (see 
PP.  378,  393)- 

Note. — Offa's  Dyke  runs  through  part  of  the  Llwyn 
Offa  estate,  in  Northop  parish. 

CONWT,    Capt.   Conwy    Grenville    Hercules 

Rowley,  of  Bodrhyddan,  Flintshire. 
Was  Capt.  in  the  2nd  Life  Guards ;  Capt. 
Denbighshire  Yeomanry;  J.  P.  for  the  co. 
of  Flint ;  son  of  the  late  Col.  the  Hon. 
Richard  Thomas  Rowley  (2nd  son  of  the 
2nd  Lord  Langford,  of  Sumrnerhill,  co. 
Meath),  by  Charlotte  (she  d.  1871),  dau.  of 
the  late  Colonel  William  Shipley,  of  Bod- 
rhyddan, and  Charlotte,  dau.  of  Sir  Watkin 
Williams  Wynn,  4th  Bart. ;  b.  at  Bodrhyd- 
dan Jan.  6th,  1841 ;  s.,  on  the  demise  of 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  Rowley,  1871;  m.,  May 
20th,  1869,  Marian,  dau.  of  the  late  F. 
Harford,  Esq.,  Down  Place,  Berks,  by 
Louisa,  his  wife,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  H.  P. 
Halifax,  Rector  of  Richard's  Castle,  co.  of 
Hereford  ;  has  issue  two  sons  ;  has  sisters 
living — 

Gwenydd  Frances. 

Efan  Penelope,  m.,  Jan.,  1872,  to  Capt. 
Somerset. 

Heir :  His  eldest  son. 

Residences:  Bodrhyddan,  Rhyl,  and  Bryn- 
yorkin,  Mold. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  sa.,  on  a  bend 
cotised  arg. ,  a  rose  betw.  2  annulets  gu. — CONWY  ; 
2nd  and  3rd,  lozengy,  arg.  and  sa.,  a  bordure  of 
the  last — SHIPLEY. 

Crest:  A  Saracen's  head  couped  ppr.,  wreathed 
about  the  temples  arg.  and  az. 

Motto :  Fide  et  amore. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  from  the  ancient  sept  of  the 
Comvys,  who  have  been  seated  at  Prestatyn  and 
Bodrhyddan  since  the  time  of  Edward  I.  The 
first  of  their  direct  line  is  Sir  Hugh  Conwy,  Kt., 
Lord  of  Prestatyn,  son  of  Sir  John  Centers,  Lord 
of  Richmond,  Yorkshire,  brother  to  Jevan,  Lord 
Coniers,  tracing  ultimately  to  "Sir  William 
Coniers,  Knight  of  War,  High  Constable  of 
England  under  William  the  Conqueror. 

Sir  Harry  (son  of  Sir  Hugh),  who  m.  Angharad, 
dau.  of  Sir  Harry  Crevecceur,  Kt.,  Lord  of  Pres- 
tatyn temp.  Edward  I.,  was  the  first  known  to  have 
settled  in  Wales,  and  \his  son  Richard  succ.  as 


COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


445 


Lord  of  Prestatyn.  To  him  succeeded  Jenkyn,  John 
"aer  Conwy"  (heir  of  the  Conwy,  d.  1544),  and 
John  "aer  Conwy  ifanc"  (the  heir  of  Conwy,  jun. ), 
who  m.  Janet,  dau.  of  Thomas  Salusbury,  of  Lie- 
weni.  The  Conwys  are  frequently  spoken  of  as  of 
Rhuddlan,  and  were  often  constables  of  that 
castle,  as  ex.  gr.,  under  Henry  IV.,  Henry  de 
Conwy  (see  p.  432).  Bodrhyddan  we  suspect  is  only 
a  form  of  Bod-Rhuddlan,  "the  Rhuddlan  habita- 
tion." Fourth  in  descent  from  the  John  Conwy 
last  mentioned,  and  all  of  Bodrhyddan,  was — 

Sir  John  Conwy,  Kt,  of  Bodrhyddan,  who  m. 
Mary  Morgan,  of  Golden  Grove,  and  d.  s.  p. 
1641,  eet.  66,  when  his  estates  passed  to  his 
brother, — 

William  Conwy,  Esq.,  of  Bodrhyddan,  who  m. 
a  Mostyn,  and  left  a  son,— 

Sir  Harry  Conwy,  of  Bodrhyddan,  created  a 
baronet  1669,  and  dying,  was  succ.  by  his  son, — 

Sir  John  Conwy,  Bart.,  of  Bodrhyddan,  at 
whose  death,  1721,  the  title  ceased.  He,  by  his 
wife,  Margaretta,  gr.  dau.  of  the  celebrated  Sir 
KenelmDigby,  left  two  daus.,  one  of  whom  d.unm. ; 
the  other,  Penelope  Conwy,  m.  J.  R.  Stapleton, 
Esq.  ;  and  their  dau.  Penelope,  by  her  husband, 
Ellis  Yonge,  Esq.,  of  Bryn  Yorkin,  had  a  daughter, 
also  named  Penelope,  who  became  the  wife  of  the 
Very  Rev.  — 

William  Shipley,  Dean  of  St.  Asaph  (son  of  Dr. 
Shipley,  Bp.  of  St.  Asaph),  who  lived  at  Bod- 
rhyddan, d.  1826,  and  left  a  son  (his  dau.  Emily 
m.  Bishop  Heber), — 

William  Shipley,  of  Bodrhyddan,  M.P.,  col.  in 
the  army,  m.  Charlotte,  dau.  of  Sir  W.  W.  Wynn, 
Bart.,  of  Wynnstay,  and  was  succ.  by  his  son,  the 
late- 
Col.  William  Shipley  Conwy,  who  assumed  the 
name  of  Conwy,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Flint,  High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1840;  d.  1869, 
unm.,  and  was  succ.  by  his  sister, — 

Hon.  Charlotte  Rowley  (d.  1871),  who  had  m. 
the  Hon.  Richard  Thomas  Rowley,  as  above 
shown,  and  had  issue, — 

1.  Gwenydd  Frances. 

2.  CONWY   GRENVILLE    HERCULES,    now   of 
Bodrhyddan. 

3.  Efan  Penelope,  »/.,  1872,  to  Capt.  Somerset. 

Note. — Of  this  family,  Sir  John  Conwy,  the  last 
Bart.,  was  "the  only  man  of  consequence  in  Wales 
who  took  part  with  the  Hanoverian  kings." 

The  venerable  mansion  of  Bodrhyddan  was  erected 
1596,  but  a  part  is  much  older.  The  great  entrance 
hall  and  staircase  have  an  expression  of  great  age, 
all  the  furniture  and  fittings  being  studiously  adapted 
to  the  historic  claims  of  the  place.  Externally  the 
style  is  of  the  quietest  kind.  Bryn  Yorkin,  near 
Caergwrle,  another  mansion  of  the  family,  was  erected 
in  1600,  in  the  Elizabethan  style. 

COOKE,  Bryan  George  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Colo- 
mendy,  Denbighshire. 

Entered  the  army  April,  1853;  was  formerly 
Capt.  H.M.  73rd  Regt.  ;  was  A.D.C.  to 
Major-General  Sir  William  Eyre,  K.C.B., 
in  Canada,  and  served  in  India  1858-9 
(medal) ;  High  Sheriff  of  Flintshire  1865  ; 
is  Deputy  Lieutenant  for  Flintshire,  and 
J.  P.  for  counties  of  Denbigh  and  Flint; 
second  son  of  the  late  Philip  Davies 
Cooke,  Esq.,  J.  P.,  D.  L.,  F.G.S.,  &c.,  of 


Owston,  near  Doncaster,  and  Gwysaney, 
near  Mold,  and  the  Lady  Helena  Caroline, 
eldest  daughter  of  George,  third  Earl  of 
Kingston;  b.  Jan.  3,  1835  ;  ed.  at  Rugby; 
m.,  June  14,  1860,  Judith  Caroline 
Halsted,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 
William  Halsted  Poole,  Royal  Horse  Ar- 
tillery, of  Terrick  Hall,  Salop;  s.  1853; 
has  issue  2  sons  and  i  dau. 

Heir:  His  son,  Bryan  Davies  Cooke,  b. 
Sept.  9,  1861. 

Residence :  Colomendy,  near  Mold,  Flintshire. 

Town   Address ;  Junior  United  Service  Club. 

Arms :  Or,  a  chevron  gu.  betw.  two  lions 
passant  guardant  sa. 

Crest:  Out  of  a  mural  crown  arg.,  a  demi-lion 
guardant  sa. 

Motto :   Spes  tutissima  ccelis. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Cookes  are  a  Yorkshire  family,  their  prin- 
cipal seat  there  being  Owston,  obtained  by  purchase 
by  Henry,  son  of  Sir  Henry  Cooke,  2nd  Bart,  of 
Wheatley  Hall  (cr.  1661). 

Bryan  Cooke,  Esq.,  of  Owston,  grandfather  of 
Bryan  G.  Davies-Cooke,  Esq. ,  of  Colomendy  (and 
of  Philip  Bryan  Davies-Cooke,  Esq.,  of  Owston 
and  Gwysaney),  obtained  estates  in  Wales  through 
marriage  with  Frances,  dau.  and  h.  of  Philip 
Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Hafod-y-Wern,  co.  of  Denbigh, 
by  his  wife,  Mary,  one  of  two  sisters  co-heiresses 
of  Llannerch  and  Gwysaney,  or  Gwasanau  (see 
Dod  of  Llannerch,  and  Davies  of  Gwasanau). 

Note. — Richard  Wilson,  the  Welsh  landscape  painter, 
spent  a  considerable  portion  of  his  time  at  Colomendy. 
The  new  portion  of  the  house  was  built  about  1820. 

COOKE,  Philip  Bryan  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Grwasanau, 
Flintshire,  and  Owston,  Yorkshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Flint ;  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Philip  Davies  Cooke,  Esq.; 
not  resident  in  Flintshire.  (See,  for  family 
and  lineage,  Cooke  of  Colomendy,  and  Davies 
of  Gwasanau.) 

DENBIGH,  Rudolph  William  Basil,  8th  Earl, 
of  Downing,  Flintshire,  &c. 

Baron  and  Viscount  Feilding  of  Newnham 
Paddox;  Lord  St.  Liz  (cr.  1620);  8th 
Earl  of  Denbigh  (cr.  I4th  Sept.,  1622) ; 
Earl  of  Desmond  1688,  and  Viscount  Cal- 
lan ;  Baron  Feilding  of  Lecaghe,  in  Peerage 
of  Ireland  ;  Count  of  Hapsburg,  Rhein- 
felden,  and  Lauffenburg,  in  Germany,  and 
Count  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire ;  son 
of  William  Basil  Percy,  7th  Earl  of  Den- 
bigh, and  Mary  Elizabeth  Kitty  Moreton, 
eldest  dau.  of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Ducie ; 
b.  gth  April,  1823,  at  Woodchester  Park, 
Gloucestershire;  ed.  at  Eton  and  Cam- 
bridge ;  grati.  M.A.  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  1844 ;  ;«.,  ist,  Louisa,  only 


446 


FLINTSHIRE. 


clau.  and  h.  of  David  Pennant,  Esq.,  of 
Downing,  Flintshire,  and  Lady  Emma 
Brudenell,  dau.  of  Robert,  6th  Earl  of 
Cardigan  (she  died  at  Naples,  May  ist, 
1853) ;  2nd,  Sept.  29,  1857,  Mary,  4th  dau. 
of  Robert  Berkeley,  Esq.,  of  Spetchley 
Park,  Worcestershire ;  has  issue  two  sons 
and  three  daus. 

Heir:  Rudolph  Robert  Basil  Aloysius  Augus- 
tine, Viscount  Feilding  and  Callan,  b.  May  26, 
1859. 

Residences :  Newnham  Paddox,  Lutterworth  ; 
Downing,  Holywell,  N.  Wales. 

Town  Address :  49,  Eaton  Square. 

Arms  :  Arg.,  on  a  fesse  azure,  three  lozenges  or 
(English  arms).  As  Count  of  Hapsburg,  of  the 
German  empire,  the  earl  bears,  on  an  Austrian 
eagle  displayed,  a  shield,  quarterly  :  ist  and  4th, 
arg.,  on  a  fesse  az.,  3  lozenges  or;  and  and  3rd,  or, 
a  lion  rampant  gules,  ducally  crowned  az.  ;  over 
the  eagle  a  cap  of  a  Count  of  the  empire,  pink, 
turned  up  ermine. 

Crest:  A  nuthatch,  with  a  hazel  branch 
fructed,  all  proper — English  crest ;  a  palm  tree 
with  weights  suspended  to  the  branches,  and  the 
allusive  motto,  "  Crescit  sub  pondere  virtus  " 
— German  crest. 

Motto  (English) :  Virtutis  prsemium  honor. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Geffery, 
Count  of  Hapsburg,  Rheinfelden,  and  Lauffen- 
burg,  great-nephew  of  Rudolph,  first  Emperor  of 
Germany,  who  settled  in  England  in  the  reign  of 
King  Henry  III.,  and  took  the  name  of  Felden 
from  his  property  of  Rheinfelden. 

Among  distinguished  authors  in  this  family  in 
past   time   may   be   named    Henry   Fielding,    the 
.  novelist,  author  of  "Tom  Jones,"  &c. 


EDWARDS,  Rey.  Thomas  ¥ynne,  of  Rhuddlan, 
Flintshire. 

Vicar  Choral  of  St.  Asaph  Cathedral,  1828; 
Vicar  of  Rhuddlan ;  son  of  the  late  Evan 
Edwards,  Esq.,  and  Margaret  Roberts,  of 
Llansannan;  m.,  18 — ,  Eliza  Gardner,  dau. 
of  John  Copner  Williams,  Esq.,  Aid.  of 
Denbigh,  and  has  issue — 

i.  John  Copner  Wynne  Edwards,  Esq., 
of  Denbigh,  m.  Maria,  dau.  of  Wood 
Gibson,  Esq.,  and  has  issue. 

2..  Robert  Wynne  Edwards,  Clerk,  Canon 
of  St.  Asaph  (see  Wynne  Edwards  of 
Mdfoa). 

3.  Margaret    Eliza    Wynne,    ;«.    John 
Hughes,  Esq. 

4.  Sarah  Copner  Wynne. 

5.  Mary  Catherine  Wynne. 

(For  Lineage,  &c.,  see  Wynne  Edwards 
of  Meifod.) 

Residence:    The    Vicarage,     Rhuddlan,    near 
Rhyl. 


EYTON,  Adam,  Esq.,  of  Llannerch-y-mor,  Flint- 
shire. 

J.  P.  for  the  Borough  of  Flint ;  Mayor  of 
Flint  gth  of  Nov.,  1852-3;  son  of  the 
late  John  Prys  Eyton,  Esq. ;  b.  at  Plas 
Llannerch-y-mor,  Holywell,  Nov.  n,  1824  ; 
ed.  at  the  High  School,  Liverpool  Institute  ; 
m.,  i3th  Oct.,  1855,  Clara  Ann,  only  dau. 
of  James  Ashwin,  Bretforton  Hall,  co.  ot 
Worcester,  J.  P. ;  j.  to  the  estates  of  his 
father,  John  Prys  Eyton,  Esq.,  1856,  and 
to  Maria  Eyton  1860  ;  has  issue  three 
sons  and  three  daus. 

Residence:  Plas  Llannerch-y-mor,  near  Holy- 
well. 

Arms :  Ermine,  a  lion  rampant  az.,  armed  and 
langued  gu.  (quartering  ten  others). 

Motto:  Gogoniant  i'r  diwyd,  "  Success  to  the 
industrious." 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Edward 
Eyton  of  Maes-y-groes,  direct  descendant,  through 
Ellis  Eyton,  and  John  ap  Ellis  Eyton  of  Rhuabon, 
of  Tudor  Trevor,  founder  of  the  "Tribe  of  the 
Marches,"  Lord  of  Bromfield,  Whittington,  &c. 
(loth  cent.). 

Note. — The  three  undermentioned  men  of  note,  as 
able  scholars  and  authors,  were  great-uncles  of  Mr. 
Adam  Eyton  :— William  Tooke,  F.R.S.,  author  of 
"View  of  the  Russian  Empire,"  Member  of  the 
Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences,  of  St.  Petersburg; 
Dr.  Prior,  Provost  of  Trinity  College ;  and  Dr.  Wray, 
Vice-Provost  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

The  mansion  of  Plas  Coed-mawr,  situated  on  Mr. 
Eyton's  estate  at  Englefield,  near  Holywell,  was 


FLETCHER,  Phillips  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  tferquis 

Hall,  Flintshire. 

Son  of  the  late  Capt.  Thomas  Lloyd 
Fletcher,  23rd  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  and 
who  m.  Charlotte,  youngest  dau.  of  William 
Samuel  Towers,  Esq.,  of  Hornsey,  Middle- 
sex ;  b.  at  Maesgwaelod,  Overton,  co.  of 
Flint,  December  6,  1822;  s.  to  Nerquis 
and  Plas'nycoed,  Flintshire,  and  Pengwern, 
Merionethshire,  on  the  death  of  his  brother 
in  1868. 

Residences:  Nerquis  Hall,  Mold,  Flintshire; 
Pengwern,  Merioneth. 

Arms :  Per  pale  :  dexter,  quarterly,  1st  and 
4th,  arg.,  a  cross  flory  between  four  roses  gu. ;  and 
and  3rd,  ermine  and  ermines,  a  lion  rampant 
sa.  :  sinister,  arg. ,  a  tower  ppr. 

Crests:  A  lion's  head  erased  ppr.  ;  a  nag's 
head  erased  ppr. 

Mottoes :  Posse  et  nolle  nobille ;  Martis  non 
cupidinis. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  its  lineage  to  the  Wynns  of 
Gwydir  and  Llwyn  ;  but  the  full  pedigree,  which 
is  long,  has  not  been  received. 


COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


447 


Note.  —  Nerquis  Hall  was  built  in  1638,  by  John 
Wynne,  of  the  line  of  Edwin,  Lord  of  Tegeingl ;  it  is 
a  fine  old  mansion,  built  of  stone,  with  castellated 
towers  on  the  north  side,  and  is  approached  by  an 
avenue  of  beeches. 


GLYNNE,   Sir  Stephen   Richard,   Bart.,    of 
Hawarden  Castle,  Flintshire. 

Baronetcy  created  1661.  Is  gth  baronet ; 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Flintshire  since  1845  ; 
was  M.P.  for  the  borough  of  Flint  1832-7, 
and  for  the  co.  of  Flint  1837-47  ;  patron 
of  rectory  of  Hawarden  ;  eldest  surviving 
son  of  the  late  Sir  Stephen  Glynne,  8th 
Bart,  of  Hawarden  Castle,  by  Mary,  dau.  of 
Richard,  2nd  Lord  Braybrooke,  of  Bray- 
brooke,  Northampton  (see  Lineage);  b. 
1807  ;  ed.  at  Eton,  and  Christ  Church,  Ox- 
ford ;  grad.  B.A.  1828,  M.A.  1831. 

Heir pres.  :  His  brother,  Rev.  Henry  Glynne, 
Rector  of  Hawarden. 

Residence:  Hawarden  Castle,  Flintshire. 

Tartan  Address  :  Athenaeum  Club. 

Arms  :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  an  eagle 
displayed  with  two  heads  sa. ;  2nd  and  3rd, 
arg.,  three  brands  ragule  fired,  ppr.  ;  on  an 
escutcheon  of  pretence  arg.,  a  human  leg  couped 
at  the  thigh,  sa.  (The  ancient  arms  of  the  Gfyns, 
— see  Glyn  of  Glynllifon,  p.  340  ;  and  Cilmin 
Droetu,  p.  338.) 

Crest:  An  eagle's  head  erased  sa.,  holding  in 
the  beak  a  brand  ragule  sa.  fired,  ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

This  very  ancient  Welsh  family  had  its  original 
seat  in  Lleyn,  Carnarvonshire,  where  it  is  still  re- 
presented through  female  descent  by  the  house  of 
Glynllifon  (see  Newborough  of  Glynllifon},  the 
early  home  of  the  family  of  Glyn — a  surname 
adopted  from  the  name  of  the  place,  that  name 
being  a  description  of  the  site — ikieglyn,  or  "valley," 
of  the  river  Llifon  (see  p.  340).  The  sept  of 
the  Glyns  trace  to  Cilmin  Droclu,  or  Cilmin  the 
black-footed,  generally  reputed  the  founder  of  the 
fourth  noble  tribe  of  N.  Wales,  said  to  have 
settled  in  the  Vale  of  Llifon  (Cam.)  in  the  ninth 
century. 

We  find  in  the  Heraldic  Visitations  of  Wales 
that  Lewys  Dwnn  as  Deputy  Herald  visited  Glyn- 
llifon in  1588,  and  that  the  pedigree  he  then  drew 
up  makes  the  then  representative  of  the  family  to 
be  William  Glyn.  His  son, — 

Thomas  Glyn,  Esq.,  of  Glynllifon,  was  Sheriff 
of  Carnarvonshire  in  1622,  and  M.P.  in  1623, 
1625-6,  and  1640.  His  grandson  was — 

Sir  John  Glynne,  Kt.,  the  eminent  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Commonwealth,  who  was  also  valued  and 
promoted  by  Charles  II.  after  his  restoration. 
About  this  time,  1660,  Hawarden  Castle,  then  in 
a  state  of  ruin,  came  into  possession  of  the  Glynnes, 
but  was  not  made  their  place  of  residence  till  many 
years  after.  Sir  John  Glynne  was  s.  by  his  son,  — 

Sir  William  Glynne,  created  a  baronet  1661, 
whose  wife  was  Penelope,  dau.  of  Stephen  Ander- 
son, Esq.,  of  Eyworth.  His  gr.  gr.  grandson, — 

Sir  John  Glynne,  the  sixth  Bart.,  was  the  first  of 
the  line  who  resided  at  Hawarden.  He  m.  Honora 
Conway,  dau.  and  heiress  of  Henry  Conway,  Esq., 


of  Broadlane House,  son ofSir John  Conway,  Bart., 
of  Bodrhyddan,  and  on  the  site  of  Broadlane  House 
(which  stood  near  the  old  castle  of  Hawarden)  in 
1752  built  the  residential  castle  of  Hawarden, 
which  in  1809  was  extended  and  recast  into  its 
present  form.  This  marriage  greatly  enlarged  the 
Hawarden  property,  Honora  Conway  being  heiress 
of  a  large  estate  within  the  parish;  and  since  that 
time  the  Glynnes  have  always  resided  at  Hawarden 
Castle.  Sir  John  was  s.  by  his  son,  the  Rev.  Sir 
Stephen  Glynne,  7th  Bart.,  and  he  by  his  son,  Sir 
Stephen  Richard  Glynne,  8th  Bart.,  b.  1780;  m., 
1806,  Mary,  dau.  of  Richard,  2nd  Lord  Bray- 
brooke, and  had  issue, — 

1.  STEPHEN    RICHARD,   the  present  Bart.,   as 
above. 

2.  Henry,  b.  1812  ;  Clerk  in  Holy  Orders  ;    ed. 
at  Eton,  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford  ;   B.A.    1832, 
M.A.   1835  ;   Rector  of  Hawarden,  Canon  of  St. 
Asaph,   and   Proctor  in  Convocation  ;    m.,    1843, 
the  Hon.  Lavinia(</.  1850),  dau.  of  William  Henry, 
Lord  Lyttelton. 

3.  Catherine,    m.,    1839,    to   the    Right    Hon. 
William  Ewart  Gladstone,  M.P.,  now  First  Lord 
of  the  Treasury,  and  has  issue. 

4.  Mary,    »/.,    1839,    to   George   William,    4th 
Baron  Lyttelton,  and  had  issue.     She  d.  1857. 

Note. — For  notice  of  the  old  castle  of  Hawarden, 
now  a  picturesque  ruin  in  the  extensive  grounds  of 
Hawarden,  see  p.  345. 

GRIFFITHS,  George,  Esq.,  of  Tynewydd,  Mold, 
Flintshire. 

J.  P. ;  son  of  George  Griffiths,  Esq. ;  b. 
1 8 —  (return  for  present  edition  incom- 
plete). 

Residence :  Tynewydd,  near  Mold. 

HANMER,  Sir  John,  Bart.,  of  Bettisfield  Park, 
Flintshire. 

Baronetcy  cr.  1774.  Is  3rd  Baronet;  M.P. 
for  Flint  since  1847  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for 
the  co.  of  Flint ;  son  of  the  late  Lieut-Col. 
Thomas  Hanmer ;  b.  1809;  ed.  at  Eton, 
and  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxford;  B.A.  1829,  M.A. 
1833  ;  s.  as  3rd  Bart,  on  the  demise  of 
his  grandfather,  Sir  Thomas  Hanmer,  in 
1828 ;  m.,  1833,  Georgiana,  dau.  of  Sir 
George  Chetwynd,  Bart,  of  Grendon  Hall, 
Warwickshire. 

Heir  presumptive :  His  brother,  Major  Wynd- 
ham  Edward  Hanmer,  of  Rushmere  Lodge,  Bed- 
fordshire, b.  1810;  m.,  1842,  Victoria  Maria 
Louisa,  dau.  of  Sir  J.  Conroy,  Bart,  (she  d. 
1866),  and  has  issue. 

Residence:  Bettisfield  Park,  near  Whitchurch. 

Town  House :  59,  Eaton  Place. 

Arms:  Arg.,  two  lions  passant  guardant  az.( 
armed  and  langued  gu. 

Crest :  On  a  chapeau,  az.,  turned  up  ermine,  a 
lion  sejant  guardant  arg. 

Motto:  Gardez  1'honneur. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family,  of  Saxon  origin,  has  been  settled  from 
an  early  period  in  that  part  of  Flintshire  which  lies 
between  the  Dee  and  Shropshire,  their  original  seat 


448 


FLINTSHIRE. 


being  at  Hantner,  a  name  signifying  "  on  the  lake  " 
(A. -Sax.,  an,  on,  and  mere,  a  lake  or  pool),  being 
situated  near  the  lake  or  mere  of  Hanmer.  The 
family  took  the  name  from  the  ville  or  settlement. 
Various  branches  of  the  Hanmers  have  been  settled 
at  Hanmer,  The  Fens,  Llannerch  Banna,  Dun- 
grey,  and  Overton.  According  to  Lewys  Dwnn 
(Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales]  the  pedigree  about  1600 
stood  thus  : — 

John  Hanmer,  of  Hanmer  (then  living),  son  of 
Sir  Thomas  Hanmer,  son  of  Sir  Richard,  son  of 
Gruffydd,  son  of  Jenkin,  son  of  Sir  David,  Kt., 
made  Chief  Justice  of  England  1383  (his  dau. 
Margaret  was  wife  of  Owain  Glyndwr)  ;  son  of 
Philip,  son  of  Sir  John  Hanmer,  Kt.,  Constable  of 
Carnarvon  in  the  time  of  Edward  I. 

The  Hanmers  have  intermarried  with  the  Dy- 
mocks,  the  Pulestons,  the  Kynastons,  the  Breretons, 
the  Salusburys,  the  Mostyns,  &c. 

The  present  SIR.  JOHN  HANMER,  Bart.,  of 
Bettisfield  Park,  is  zoth  in  descent  from  Sir  John 
Hanmer,  Kt.,  Constable  of  Carnarvon  Castle. 

HOWARD,  Miss  Lloyd,  of  Soughton  House, 

Flintshire. 

Dorothea  Lloyd  Howard  is  the  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Richard  Howard,  D  D.,  of  Con- 
way,  in  the  co.  of  Carnarvon,  Canon  of 
Bangor,  &c.,  &c.  (see  also  "  Rev.  Richard 
Henry  Howard  of  Sough  ton");  s.  to  estate 
by  inheritance  from  her  maternal  aunts, 
Phcebe  and  Susannah  Lloyd, — see  Lloyds 
of  Hafodunos  and  Wygfair,  in  the  co.  of 
Denbigh. 

Residence:  Soughton  House,  Flintshire. 

Note.  —  Watt's    Dyke    passes    through    the    pro- 
perty. 

HOWARD,  Rev.  Richard  Henry,  of  Soughton, 
Flintshire. 

In  holy  orders ;  was  Vicar  of  Dalston, 
Cumberland;  son  of  the  late  Richard 
Howard,  D.D.,  and  Dorothea  Catherine, 
dau.  of  Rev.  Thomas  Clough,  formerly 
Rector  of  Denbigh  ;  b.  1813  ;  ed.  at  West- 
minster, and  Christ  Church,  Oxford  ;  B.A. 
1837,  M.A.  1840  ;  m.  Julia  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  William  Ripley,  Esq.;  has  issue 
one  son. 

Heir :  Henry  Richard  Lloyd. 

Residences :  Soughton,  Flintshire ;  Wygfair, 
Denbighshire. 

Arms:  Gu.,  a  bend  arg.  between  six  crosses 
crosslets  fichees,  three  and  three. 

Crest:  Two  wings  displayed,  with  crosses  as 
in  arms. 

Motto :  Vigilando  victor. 

Note.— On  the  estate  is   St.    Mary's  Well,  with  a 
ruined  church  attached,  at  Wygfair,  Denbighshire. 

HOWARD,  Robert,  Esq.,  of  Broughton  Hall, 
Flintshire. 

Is  a  Magistrate  for  cos.  of  Chester  and 
Flint;  High  Sheriff  for  latter  co.  1861  ; 


2nd  son  of  the  late  John  Howard,  Esq.,  of 
Brereton  Hall,  co.  Chester,  by  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Aaron  Clulow,  Esq. ;  b.  at  Hyde, 
July,  1828;  ed.  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1849;  grad.  M.A.  1852;  m., 
1852,  Lucy  Annabella,  dau.  of  the  Ven. 
Isaac  Wood,  Archdeacon  of  Chester,  and 
has  issue  3  sons  and  2  daughters. 

Heir :  Eldest  son,  John,  b.  1853. 
Resilience :  Broughton  Hall,  near  Wrexham. 


HTJ&HES,  The  Right  Rev.  Joshua,  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph,  Flintshire. 

Doctor  of  Divinity  ;  appointed  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph  1870,  in  room  of  Bishop  Short, 
resigned  ;  was  formerly  Curate  of  Aberyst- 
wyth;  Curate,  Devynock  ;  Incumbent  of 
St.  David's  Church,  Carmarthen ;  Vicar  of 
Abergwili ;  Vicar  of  Llandovery  ;  Surrogate 
and  Rural  Dean  for  the  Deanery  of  Upper 
Llangadock;  Proctor  in  Convocation  for 
the  Diocese  of  St.  David's  ;  son  of  the  late 
C.  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Newport,  Pemb.,  by 
Magdalene,  dau.  of  Evan  Parry,  Esq.,  of 
Blaenpennant,  in  same  co.  ;  b.  at  Newport, 
1807  ;  ed.  at  Ystradmeurig  Grammar  School, 
and  St.  David's  Coll.,  Lampeter,  where  he 
grad.  B.D. ;  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Sir 
Thomas  McKenny,  Bart.,  of  Ullard  and 
Montrathe,  co.  Kilkenny,  and  widow  of 
Capt.  W.  Gun ;  has  issue  three  sons  and 
five  daus. 

Residence:  The  Palace,  St.  Asaph. 
Tmun  Address :  Athenaeum  Club. 
Arms:  Arg.,  a  lion  rampant  gu.     Arms  of  the 
See :  Sa.,  two  keys  in  saltire  arg. 
Motto :  Fide  et  virtute  valeas. 

Note.— For  a  notice  of  the  Cathedral  and  See  of  St. 
Asaph,  see  p.  424.  The  Welsh  name  of  this  city  and 
see,  Llan-Elwy,  is  from  the  river  Elwy,  which  flows 
close  by  ;  the  English  name  St.  Asaph  is  from  one  of 
the  early  bishops.  The  present  occupant  of  the  see, 
Bishop  Hughes,  is  said  to  be  the  first  Welshman 
appointed  to  a  Welsh  see  since  1 745,  a  fact  which  in 
some  measure  accounts  for  the  desertion  of  the  Estab- 
lishment by  the  people.  The  diocese  of  St.  Asaph 
includes  Flintshire  and  Denbighshire,  with  parts  of 
Carnarvonshire,  Merionethshire,  Montgomeryshire, 
Cheshire,  and  Shropshire,  containing  in  all  197  bene- 
fices, of  which  1 06  are  in  the  patronage  of  the  bishop. 
The  income  of  the  see  is  ^4,200,  of  which  £2,200  is 
allowed  to  the  retired  Bishop  Short  during  his  life- 
time. 


JONES,  Mrs.  Cecil,  of  Hartsheath,  Flintshire. 

Mrs.  Cecil  Jones  is  the  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Carstairs,  Esq.,  of  Warboys,  Hunting- 
donshire, and  Stratford,  Essex;  b.  1797; 
;».,  in  1822,  Wilson  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Gelli- 
gynan  and  Cefn  Coch,  Denbighshire,  and 


COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


449 


Hartsheath,   Flintshire;    J.    P.    for    Flint- 
shire and  Denbighshire,  and  High  Sheriff 
for   former  co.    1851   (d.   1864),  and  has 
•   issue  4  sons  and  4  daughters. 

Heir:  John  Carstairs  Jones,    Esq.,   of  Gelli- 
gynan,  J.  P.,  &c.,  b.  1827. 

Residence:  Hartsheath,  near  Mold,  Flintshire. 

JONES,  John  Carstairs,  Esq.,  of  Gelligynan, 
Denbighshire. 

Was  formerly  in  the  2nd  Dragoon  Guards; 
J.  P.  for  co.  of  Flint  (qualified  1862) ;  High 
Sheriff  for  sameco.  1866;  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Wilson  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Hartsheath,  by 
Cecil,  dau.  of  the  late  John  Carstairs,  Esq. 
(see  Jones,  Hartsheath) ;  b.  1827  ;  ed.  at 
Sandhurst ;  s.  1864 ;  m.,  1866,  Elizabeth 
Jane,  dau.  of  Rev.  William  Currie,  and 
has  issue. 

Heir:  His  eldest  son,  Wilson. 
Residence:  Gelligynan,  near  Mold. 
Tenon  Address :  Army  and  Navy  Club. 
Arms:  Arg.,  a  chevron  between  three  boars' 
heads  couped,  gu. 

Crest :  A  boar's  head  couped,  gu. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Cowryd  ap 
Cadfan,  Lord  of  a  part  of  Dyffryn  Clwyd. 

Note.  — The  late  Wilson  Jones,  Esq. ,  was  maternally 
related  to  Wilson,  the  celebrated  landscape  painter, 
who  spent  his  last  days  with  his  friends  at  Colomendy 
and  Llanverres,  d.  at  the  latter  place  1782,  aged  69, 
and  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  Mold,  of  which 
parish  his  father  had  been  vicar.  Wilson  was  b.  at 
Penegos,  in  Mont. ,  his  father  being  then  incumbent  of 
that  place. 

KELLY,  Thomas  ThelweU,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-coch, 
Flintshire. 

Under  Sheriff  of  Flintshire ;  Deputy  Clerk 
of  the  Peace  for  the  same  co.,  and  one  of 
the  Clerks  to  the  Justices  for  the  divisions 
of  Mold,  Hope,  Hawarden,  and  Northop  ; 
son  of  Robert  Stewart  Kelly,  Esq.,  of 
Chester;  6.  at  Chester,  I4th  of  January, 
1830  ;  ed.  at  King  Henry  VlII.'s 
Grammar  School,  Chester;  m.,  nth  July, 
1854,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Edward 
Griffiths,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-Celyn,  Denbigh- 
shire (she  d.  2oth  September,  1869). 
Residence :  Bryn  Coch,  near  Mold. 

LLOYD,  Eev.  Francis  Llewelyn,  of  Ty'n  Ehyl, 
Flintshire. 

B.D. ;  late  Fellow  of  St.  John's,  Cambridge ; 
now  Vicar  of  Aldworth,  Berks  ;  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  Robert  Watkin  Lloyd,  M.A., 
Incumbent  of  Wilnecote,  Tamworth  (d. 
1860),  by  Anne,  dau.  of  Rev.  Robert  Blick, 
Vicar  of  Tamworth,  and  niece  of  the  last 


Mrs.  Lloyd  of  Ty'n  Rhyl,  Flintshire  (see 
Lineage)  ;  b.  at  Tamworth,  1818  ;  ed.  at  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge ;  grad.  B.A. 

1840,  M.A.   1843,  B.D.   1850;  m.,  1859, 
Jessy,  dau.  of  Henry  Harding,  Esq.  ;  has 
issue  surviving  3  sons — Llewelyn,  Henry- 
Meuric,  and  Edward  Cadvvgan. 

Heir:  Llewelyn,  b.  1860. 
Residence :  Ty  yn  Rhyl,  Flintshire. 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Lloyds  of  Ty'n  Rhyl  and  Cwmby- 
chan  claim  descent  from  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn, 
Prince  of  Powys  (d.  1073).  The  ancient  pedigree 
.is  given  in  Lewys  Dwnn,  and  brought  down  by 
Pennant,  showing  that  through  Cadwgan,  son  of 
Bleddyn,  Ynyr  ap  Meuric,  Meuric  ap  Ynyr  Vychan 
of  Nannau  (who  lies  effigiated  in  armour  in  Dol- 
gelley  Church),  Howel  Sele,  &c.,  was  descended  in 
direct  line — 

Dafydd  Llwyd ap  Howel,  of  Cwmbychan,  who 
was  made  a  Knight  Banneret  by  Henry  VII.  on  the 
field  of  Bosworth  (Pennant's  Tour  round  Snowdon, 
I.,  115).  Yorke,  Royal  Tribes,  p.  122,  says, 
' '  From  Cadwgan  come  the  Lloyds  of  C wm-bychan, 
still  extant.  A  younger  brother  of  the  house  was 
settled  early  in  this  century  [l8th]  at  Llanarmon 
in  Yale,  and  was  father  to  my  worthy  friend,  that 
excellent  historian  and  Welsh  antiquary,  the  late 
Rev.  John  Lloyd,  of  Caerwys." 

John  Lloyd  (Rev.),  Rector  of  Caerwys,  and 
M.A.  of  Oxford  (the  friend  of  Pennant,  and  an 
occasional  companion  in  his  travels),  m.  Martha, 
dau.  of  F.  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Llanelen,  Mon.,  by 
whom  he  had,  besides  a  dau.,  the  well-known 
Miss  Angharad  Llwyd,  a  son, — 

Robert  Watkin  (Rev.),  M.A.,  St.  John's, 
Cambr.,  Incumbent  of  Wilnecote,  whose  son  is — 

FRANCIS  LLEWELYN  LLOYD,  as  above.  Mr. 
Lloyd  has  living  a  brother, — 

Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  M.D.,  of  Castellau,  co. 
ofGlam.,  m.  Matilda,  widow  of  William  Williams, 
Esq.,  of  Aberpergwm,  and  has  issue  a  dau. 

LLOYD,  Llewelyn  Falkner,  Esq.,  of  Ciloen  Hall 
and  Plas  yn  Llan,  Nannerch,  Flint- 
shire. 

D.  L.  and  J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Flint  and 
Denbigh  ;  High  Sheriff  for  Flint  1847  ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Llewelyn  Lloyd,  Esq., 
of  Pontruffydd,  Flintshire  (see  Lineage), 
High  Sheriff  of  Flintshire  1841  and  1842, 
by  Jane,  dau.  of  Edward  Falkner,  Esq.,  of 
Fairfield  Hall,  Lancashire ;  b.  1809;  m., 

1841,  Mary  Susan,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
William  Wickham  Drake,  Rector  of  Mai- 
pas,  Cheshire,  and  Prebend  of  Lincoln 
and  has  issue  one  dau.,  Mary  Frances. 

Residence:  Pl&s  yn  Llan,  Nannerch,  near 
Mold. 

Town  Address:  Brooks's  Club,  S.W. 

Arms :  Gu.,  a  Saracen's  head  affront6  erased 
at  the  neck  ppr.,  wreathed  about  the  temples^ 
arg.  and  or  ;  quarterings,  and  impaling  DRAKE. 

Crests :  A  Saracen's  head  as  in  the  arms ;  a 
stag  trippant,  attired  or. 

At  otto :  Dial  gwaed  Cymro. 


45° 


FLINTSHIRE. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  the  same  ancient  descent  as 
that  of  LLOYD  MOSTYN  of  Pengwern  and  Mostyn. 
The  Lloyds  of  Pontruffydd  and  Pengwern  were  of 
the  line  of  Marchuddap  Cynan,  Lord  of  Abergele, 
founder  of  the  8th  noble  tribe  of  North  Wales 
(gth  cent. ),  ancestor  of  Owen  Tudor,  of  Penmynydd, 
Mon,  the  progenitor  of  the  Royal  House  of  Tudor 
of  England  (see  Mostyn,  Baron,  of  Mostyn). 

LLOYD,  Hon.  Thomas  Pryce,  of  Pengwern, 
Flintshire. 

Constable  of  Harlech  and  Flint  Castles, 
also  Constable  and  Mayor  of  Conway  ; 
J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Flint;  is  patron  of 
the  living  of  Llanfachreth,  Mer.  ;  2nd  son 
of  the  late  Edward  Pryce.first  Baron  Mostyn 
(see  Mostyn  of  Mostyn);  b.  at  Bodfach,  Mont- 
gomeryshire, Aug.  4,  1 800  ;  ed.  at  West- 
minster School,  and  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxford ;  grad. 
B.A.  1821;  .r.  to  estate  of  Nannau,  near 
Dolgelley,  1859. 

Residence ;  Pengwern,  near  Rhyl,  Flintshire. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  per  bend 
sinister,  ermine  and  ermines,  a  lion  rampant  or 
(from  Tudor  Trevor) — MOSTYN  ;  2nd  and  3rd, 
gu.,  a  Saracen's  head  erased  ppr.  (from  Marchudd 
ap  Cynan) — LLOYD. 

Crests :  A  Saracen's  head,  as  in  the  arms.  A 
stag  trippant,  attired  or. 

Motto  :  Dial  gwaed  Cymro. 

LINEAGE. 

For  the  descent  of  this  ancient  and  honourable 
family  see  Mostyn,  Baron,  of  Mostyn. 

LTJXMORE,  Miss,  of  Bryn  Asaph,  Flintshire. 

Frances  Anne  Luxmore  is  dau.  of  the  late 
Right  Rev.  Dr.  Luxmore,  from  1815  to 
1830  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph.  Dr.  Luxmore 
was  preceded  in  the  see  by  Dr.  Cleaver, 
and  succeeded  by  Dr.  Carey. 

Residence :  Bryn  Asaph,  St.  Asaph. 

Mc&ILL,  Rev.  George  Henry,  of  Bangor  Iscoed, 
Flintshire. 

Rector  of  Bangor  Monachorum,  1868; 
M.A.,  Oxon. ;  formerly  Vicar  of  Ch.  Ch., 
Watney  Street,  London,  Hon.  Chaplain 
to  Tower  Hamlets  Engineers,  Fellow  of 
Sion  College,  Vicar  of  Stoke  Ferry, 
Norfolk ;  Author  of  "The  Poor  of  London, 
and  the  Rates  raised  for  their  Support," 
"  Easter  Sepulchres,"  "  Occasional  Ser- 
mons," &c. ;  son  of  Robert  McGill,  Esq., 
descended  from  an  old  family,  formerly 
resident  in  the  co.  of  Down ;  b.  in  Man- 
chester, 1817;  ed.  at  the  Manchester 
Grammar  School,  and  Brasenose  Coll., 
Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  1841,  M.A.  1844; 
m.,  1845,  Frances,  youngest  dau.  of  John 


Champion,  Esq.,  of  Edale,  in  the  co.  of 
Derby  (the  ancestors  of  the  Champions 
came  to  England  with  William  the  Con- 
queror); has  issue  i  son  and  2  daughters. 

Heir:  John  Henry  Champion  McGill,  B.A., 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

Residence :  The  Rectory,  Bangor,  near  Wrex- 
ham. 

Note. — The  parish  of  Bangor  is  memorable  as  the 
site  of  the  ancient  British  monastery  which  was 
destroyed  by  the  Saxons  early  in  the  seventh  century. 
Pelagius  was  one  of  its  monks.  The  chancel  is 
Decorated  English,  dr.  1350  A.D.  :  the  nave  Per- 
pendicular. The  font  is  a  very  good  specimen  of 
Perpendicular  work.  The  east  window  is  geometrical, 
decorated,  very  fine,  filled  with  stained  glass  in  memory 
of  the  late  rector.  The  chancel  was  restored  1868. 
In  the  rectory  are  the  arms,  &c.,  of  all  the  rectors 
from  1662  to  the  present  time. 

There  are  three  schools,  one  free,  founded  by  the 
widow  of  the  noted  Judge  Jeffreys  ;  one  for  infants, 
and  one  mixed,  recently  erected  by  the  Rector  of 
Eyton,  some  distance  from  the  village.  Eyton,  in 
Doomsday  survey,  belonged  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  Lichfield.  Bangor  was  a  Roman  station,  and  bore 
the  name  of  Bovium,  probably  from  the  ford  over  the 
Dee — compare  Oxford. 

MESHAM,  Miss,  of  Pontruffydd,  Flintshire. 

(See  Mesham,  Pontruffydd,  under  Den- 
bighshire. 

MORGAN,  Rev.  Hugh,  M.A.,  Rhyl,  Flintshire. 

Vicar  of  Rhyl ;  Surrogate  ;  son  of  Edward 
Morgan,  Esq.,  of  "Machynlleth  ;  ed.  at  Jes. 
Coll.,  Oxford;  B.A.  1847,  M.A.  1849; 
appointed  to  Rhyl,  dio.  St.  Asaph,  1855  ; 
is  m.  and  has  issue.  Brother  living,  Ed- 
ward Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Machynlleth. 

Residence :  The  Vicarage,  Rhyl. 

LINEAGE. 

Derives   descent   from   the   family   of    Morgan, 
long  established  in  Montgomeryshire. 

Note. — The  church  of  Rhyl,  erected  during  the 
incumbency  of  the  present  vicar,  is  a  structure  of 
large  proportions,  and  when  fully  completed  will 
be  one  of  the  noblest  new  churches  in  this  county. 

MORGAN,  Lewis  Richards,  Esq.,  of  Mordon 
House,  Flintshire. 

Is  the  son  of  William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of 
Hammond's  Court,  Bridgend,  Glamorgan- 
shire ;  b.  3rd  Oct.,  1832,  at  Hammond's 
Court,  Bridgend  ;  ed.  at  Cheltenham  Sch. ; 
;;/.,  25111  April,  1860,  Margaret,  dau.  of 
John  Twiston,  Esq.,  of  Denbigh,  whose 
ancestor  was  High  Constable  of  Denbigh 
Castle,  and  whose  family  has  been  resi- 
dent in  that  town  about  300  years ;  s. 
to  the  estates  of  the  late  Edward  Lewis 


COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


Richards,  Esq.,  Judge  of  the  County  Courts 
June,  1863  ;  has  issue  two  sons  and  twodaus. 

Heir :  Lewis  Richards  Twiston  Morgan. 
Residences :  Mordon  House,   Rhyl  ;    Henllan, 
Denbigh. 

Town  Address :  Grafton  Club,  London. 
Crest:  A  stag's  head. 

MOSTYN,  Edward  Jtostyn  Lloyd,  Baron,  of 

Mostyn,  Flintshire. 

Baronetcy  cr.  1778;  Barony  cr.  1831. 
Is  3rd  Baronet,  and  2nd  Baron  Mostyn  ; 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Merionethshire ;  Magis- 
trate for  Flintshire,  Denbighshire,  and 
Carnarvonshire;  was  M.P.  for  Flintshire 
1831-7,  1841-2,  1847-54,  and  afterwards 
for  Lichfield;  son  of  Sir  Edward  Pryce 
Lloyd,  Bart.  (cr.  Baron  Mostyn),  and 
Elizabeth,  3rd  dau.  of  Sir  Roger  Mostyn, 
Bart.,  and  sister  and  co.-h.  of  Sir  Thomas 
Mostyn,  Bart.,  of  Mostyn ;  b.  at  Mostyn, 
Jan.  13,  1795;  ed.  at  Westminster;  ;«., 
20th  June,  1827,  the  Lady  Harriet  Mar- 
garet, eldest  dau.  of  the  2nd  Earl  of 
Clonmell;  s.  his  maternal  uncle,  Sir  Thos. 
Mostyn,  April  17,  1831,  and  s.  his  father, 
Lord  Mostyn,  April  4,  1857;  has  had 
issue  5  sons,  and  has  now  living  4  sons 
and  4  daus.  :  — 

1.  Thomas     Edward     Mostyn     Lloyd 
Mostyn,  M.P.,  b.   1830;  m.,  1855,  Lady 
Henrietta  Nevill,  2nd  dau.  of  the  Earl  of 
Abergavenny,    and    had   issue    Llewelyn 
Nevill    Vaughan,    and     Henry    Richard 
Howell.     He  d.  1861. 

2.  Roger  Lloyd  Mostyn,  b.  1831. 

3.  Savage  Lloyd  Mostyn,  b.  1835. 

4.  Jevan  Lloyd  Vaughan  Lloyd  Mostvn 
b.  1836. 

5.  Hugh  Wynne  Lloyd  Mostyn,  Clerk, 
b.  1838. 

1.  Harriot  Margaret. 

2.  Elizabeth. 

3.  Essex. 

4.  Katherine. 

Heir:  His  grandson,  Llewelyn  Nevill  Vaughan, 
son  of  his  eldest  son,  deceased. 

Residences :  Mostyn,  Flintshire  ;  Gloddaeth, 
Carnarvonshire. 

Town   Address :    35,  Lower  Seymour  Street. 

Arms :  Quarterly :  ist  and  4th,  per  bend 
sinister,  ermine  and  ermines,  a  lion  rampant  or 
—MOSTYN  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  a  Saracen's  head, 
erased  at  the  neck,  ppr.,  wreathed  about  the 
temples  arg.  and  sa. — LLOYD. 

Crests :  A  lion  rampant,  or — Mostyn;  a  Saracen's 
head  as  in  arms,  and  a  stag  trippant — Lloyd. 

Supporters  :  Dexter,  a  stag  ppr.,  attired  or ; 
Sinister,  a  lion  or. 

Motto:  Auxilium  meum  a  Domino. 

LINEAGE. 
This  noble  family  is  the  result  of  the  junction  of 


two  of  the  ancient  clans  of  North  Wales.  The 
Mostyns  derive  from  Tudor  Trevor,  Lord  of  Brom- 
field,  Whittington,  and  Hereford,  founder  of  the 
"  Tribe  of  the  Marches, "  living  in  the  loth  cent.  ; 
and  the  Lloyds  are  of  the  sept  of  Marchudd  ap 
Cynan,  Lord  of  Abergele,  in  Denbighshire,  founder 
of  the  eightli  noble  tribe  of  N.  Wales  (see  Mar- 
clnidd  ap  Cviian). 

Tudor  Trevor  m.  Angharad,  dau.  of  Hmuel  Dda, 
King  of  South  Wales,  and  ultimately  of  all  Wales, 
the  Lawgiver ;  through  Tudor's  son,  Llydocka,  and 
his  descendants,  at  distant  but  well-known  inter- 
vals, Rhys  Sais,  lorwerth  Gam,  Ednyfed  Gam,  of 
Ptngwern,  Jevan  ap  Adda,  of  Pengwern,  and  his 
son,  Jevan  Fychan  (or  junior),  temp.  Richard  II., 
who  m.  Angharad,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Howel  ap 
Tudyr,  of  Mostyn,  of  the  line  of  Edwin,  Lord  of 
Tegeingl,  was  descended — 

Howel  ap  Jevan  Fychan,  who  in  right  of  his 
mother  became  owner  of  Mostyn.  This  was  the 
settlement  of  the  family  at  Mostyn,  or  Moiston, 
and  the  origin  of  the  personal  from  the  local  name 
— the  latter  being  probably  of  Saxon  etymology, 
meaning  the  pasture-land  abode  (A. -Sax.,  tnaest, 
pasture,  and  ton,  abode  or  settlement). 

Richard  ap  Howel,  the  next  of  Mostyn,  was  a 
partisan  of  the  Tudor  Henry  VII.,  who,  when 
Earl  of  Richmond,  was  concealed  at  Mostyn. 
After  obtaining  the  throne,  Henry  presented  the 
sword  and  belt  he  wore  at  Bosworth  to  his  friend 
Richard  ap  Howel.  With  his  eldest  son  (by 
Catherine,  dau.  of  Thomas  Salusbury,  ofLleweni), — 
Thomas,  the  surname  Mostyn  became  fixed  as 
such,  and  the  Mostyn  branch  began  ;  and  with  his 
3rd  son,  Pyrs,  the  Talacre  branch  began.  He  m. 
Jane,  dau.  of  Sir  William  Griffith,  of  Penrhyn^ 
and  had  fourteen  children. 

William  Mostyn,  his  eldest  son,  was  M.P.  for 
Flintshire  1554  (see  p.  442),  and  his  son, — 

Thomas  Mostyn  (living  when  Dwnn  visited 
Mostyn,  in  1597),  Sheriff  of  Anglesey  1575,  1588, 
and  one  of  His  Majesty's  (James  I.)  Council  for 
the  Marches  of  Wales,  was  father  of — 

Sir  Roger  Mostyn,  Kt.,  of  Mostyn,  who  by  his 
wife,  Mary,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Wynn,  of  Gwydir, 
had  a  son  and  successor, — 

Sir  Thomas  Mostyn,  of  Mostyn,  cr.  a  Baronet 
by  Charles  II.  for  his  zealous  service  to  the  Stuart 
cause,  a  title  which  continued  in  the  family  till 
the  death  of— 

Sir  Thomas  Mostyn,  6th  Bart.,  of  Mostyn,  who 
d.  1831,  leaving  no  issue,  when  the  title  became 
extinct.  He  was  succ.  by  his  nephew,  the  Hon. 
E.  M.  LI.  Mostyn,  M.P.,  and  by  his  sister  and 
co-h.,  Elizabeth,  who  m.,  1794, — 

Sir  Edward  Pryce  Lloyd,  Bart.,  who  in  1831 
was  cr.  Baron  Mostyn  of  Mo'styn,  and  was  succ. 
by  his  son, — 

EDWARD  MOSTYN  LLOYD,  the  present  Baron, 
as  above. 

The  Lloyds,  descended  from  MarchudJ  of  Cynan, 
as  already  stated,  were  formerly  of  Pontruffydd,  in 
the  Vale  of  Clwyd,  of  whom  the  nameof  Bell  Lloyd, 
of  Pontruffydd,  is  well  known.  He  m.,  1758, 
Anne,  dau.  and  h.  of  Edward  Pryce,  of  Bodfach, 
Mont.,  when  the  combined  surnames  of  Pryce- 
Lloyd  originated.  His  son,  Edward  Pryce  Lloyd, 
succeeded  him,  and  also  soon  after  inherited  the 
estates  and  title  of  his  grand-uncle,  Sir  Edward 
Lloyd,  Secretary  of  War,  Ist  Bart.,  who  d.  1795. 
As  we  have  seen,  he  afterwards  became  Ist  Baron 
Mostyn. 


452 


FLINTSHIRE. 


MOSTTN,  Sir  Pyers,  Bart.,  of  Talacre,  Flint- 
shire. 

Baronetcy  cr.  1570.  Is  8th  Baronet ;  J.  P. 
and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Flint ;  High  Sheriff 
for  same  co.  1843  ;  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Edward  Mostyn,  Bart.  (d.  1841),  of  Tala- 
cre ;  s.  1841  ;  m.,  1844,  the  Hon.  Frances 
Georgiana  Fraser,  2nd  dau.  of  I7th  Baron 
Lovat,  and  has  issue  5  sons  (the  eldest 
being  Pyers  William,  b.  1846)  and  5  daus. 

Heir :  Pyers  William  Mostyn. 

Residence:  Talacre,  near  Rhyl,  Flintshire. 

Arms :  Per  bend  sinister,  ermine  and  ermines, 
a  lion  rampant  or. 

Crests :  I,  on  a  mount  vert,  a  lion  as  in  the 
arms  ;  2,  a  trefoil  slipped,  vert. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Mostyns  of  Talacre  are  of  the  same  lineage 
with  the  Mostyns  of  Mostyn,  tracing,  like  them,  in 
direct  line  to  the  famous  Tudor  Trevor,  founder  of 
the  tribe  of  the  Marches  (loth  cent. ),  and  of  identical 
descent  down  to  Richard  ap  Howcl,  of  Mostyn, 
temp.  Henry  VII.,  the  eldest  of  whose  sons, 
Thomas,  became  progenitor  of  the  Mostyn,  and 
the  third,  Pyrs,  that  of  the  Talacre  line.  (See 
Mostyn  of  Mostyn. ) 

Pyrs  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  Talacre,  m.  Elen,  dau.  of 
Thomas  Griffith,   Esq.,   of  Pant-y-llongdy,   and 
Had  several  sons  and  daus.     His  2nd  son  was — 

William  Mostyn,  Esq.,  "of  Maesglas,"  or  Green- 
field, Holywell,  who  seems  to  have  settled  there  by 
marrying  Anne,  according  to  Dwnn  (Herald.  Visit, 
of  (Vales),  "  co-h.  of  Harri  ap  Thomas  ap  Harri 
of  Maesglas."  Greenfield  is  still  in  possession  of 
the  Talacre  House.  The  eldest  son  of  William 
Mostyn  was  — 

Edward  Mostyn,  Esq.,  who  m.  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  Edward  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Golden  Grove,  Flint- 
shire, and  had  a  son,-— 

John  Mostyn,  Esq.,  "  of  Talacre  and  Greenfield," 
who  m.  Ann,  dau.  of  Henry  Fox,  Esq.,  of  Hurst, 
co.  of  Salop.  His  son  was— 

Sir  Edward  Mostyn,  cr.  a  baronet  1670,  from 
whom  in  lineal  descent  the  late — 

Sir  Edward  Mostyn,  Bart.,  of  Talacre,  was  the 
sixth,  being  the  seventh  inheritor  of  the  title  and  of 
the  estates  of  Talacre  and  Greenfield.  By  his  wife, 
Frances,  dau.  of  Nicholas  Blundell,  Esq.,  of 
Crosby  Hall,  Lancashire,  he  had  issue  several 
children,  of  whom  the  eldest,  his  h.  and  successor, 
was — 

PYERS  MOSTYN,  now  of  Talacre,  as  above. 

NAOEY,   Mrs.,  of  Bronwylfa,    St.   Asaph, 
Flintshire. 

Lucy  Victoria,  widow  of  John  Nanney, 
Esq.,  J.  P.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Nanney,  M.A.,  of  Maesyneuadd,  co.  of 
Merioneth  (who  adopted  the  surname 
Nanney  in  the  room  of  his  own  of  Wynn), 
by  Anne  Fleming,  dau.  of  John  Fisher, 
Esq.,  of  Chetwynd  Lodge,  Shropshire;  is 
the  3rd  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edmund 
Williams,  M.A.,  J.  P.  of  Pentre-mawr,  in 
the  co.  of  Denbigh.  She  was  m.  to  the 


late  Mr.  Nanney  (who  d.  1868)  on  the  2;th 
Dec.,  1859. 

Residence:  Bronwylfa,  St.  Asaph. 

LINEAGE. 

The  late  Mr.  Nanney  was  descended  from  the 
united  lines  of  the  Wynns  of  Maesyneuadd,  a 
branch  of  the  Wynns  of  Glyn  (see  Wynne  of 
PcniartR},  and  the  Nanneys  of  Maesypandy  (see 
Nanney  of  Nannau},  two  of  the  ancient  septs  of 
North  Wales.  Mrs.  Nanney's  family,  the  Williamses 
of  Pentre-mawr,  is  also  one  of  considerable  anti- 
quity in  Denbighshire. 

Note. — Bronwylfa  is  a  classic  spot,  having  been  the 
place  of  residence  for  a  long  time  of  Mrs.  Hemans, 
the  poetess,  and  her  brother,  Sir  Henry  Browne. 
Mrs.  Hemans's  fine  productions  are  frequently  based 
on  events  in  Welsh  history,  and  we  may  look  upon 
Bronwylfa  as  the  spot  where  her  fervid  genius  fused 
most  of  them  into  form.  It  is  a  fit  home  for  poetry 
and  retirement. 

OWEN,  Rev.  William  Hicks,  of  Rhyllon,  Hint- 
shire. 

Senior  Vicar  of  St.  Asaph  ;  Vicar  of  Tre- 
meirchion  ;  Surrogate  and  Rural  Dean  ;  2nd 
son  of  Edward  Owen,  Esq.,  Garthangharad, 
Dolgelley,  Merionethshire  ;  b.  Oct.,  1800  ; 
ed.  at  Shrewsbury  Grammar  School,  and 
grad.  Magd.  Coll.,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1823, 
M.A.  1833  ;  »«.,  1842,  Harriet  Mary 
Browne,  dau.  of  P.  Browne,  Esq.,  of  Gwrych, 
and  sister  to  Felicia  Hemans,  the  poetess  ; 
Vicar  of  St.  Asaph  1827,  Vicar  of  Tre- 
meirchion  1829. 

Residence:  Rhyllon,  St.  Asaph,  Flintshire. 

Note. — At  Tremeirchion  is  St.  Beuno's  "holy" 
well.  In  this  parish  is  also  Brynbella,  built  by  Mrs. 
Piozzi  ;  and  the  Jesuits'  College  of  St.  Beuno  ;  date 
of  erection  of  parish  school,  1830 ;  new  school, 
school-house,  and  offices,  all  admirably  fitted  for  their 
purposes,  1865 — 1869. 

PEEL,  Edmund,  Esq.,  of  Brynypys,  Flintshire. 

Magistrate  for  Flintshire,  Denbighshire, 
Salop,  and  Montgomeryshire  ;  High  Sheriff 
for  Flintshire  1870 ;  has  also  served  the 
same  office  for  co.  of  Montgomery  ;  son  of 
Rev.  Charles  Wicksted  Ethelston,  M.A., 
Rector  of  Uplyme,  Dorset,  by  Anne,  dau. 
and  h.  of  Robert  Peel,  Esq.,  of  Wallington 
Hall,  Norfolk,  cousin  of  the  late  Right 
Hon.  Sir  Robert  Peel ;  b.  at  Uplyme 
Rectory,  Lyme  Regis,  March  26,  1826  ; 
ed.  at  Eton  and  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxford  ;  m.,  ist, 
Aug.,  1854,  Anna  Maria,  dau.  of  Sir  J. 
Hesketh  Lethbridge,  Bart. ;  2ndly,Feb.  ist, 
1866,  Henrietta  Margaret,  dau.  of  Sir  Hugh 
Williams,  Bart.,  of  Bodelwyddan ;  s.  to 
estates  in  Flintshire  and  Norfolk  March 
26,  1851,  and  assumed  the  surname  Peel 
in  place  of  his  own  of  Ethelston  ;  is  patron 


COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


453 


of  Holme  Runcton,  Downham  Market, 
Norfolk;  has  issue  a  son,  b.  1871. 

Heir :  His  son. 

Residence :  Brynypys,  Rhuabon,  N.  Wales. 

Town  Address :  Arthur's  Club,  St.  James's  St. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  three 
sheaves  of  as  many  arrows  ppr.,  banded  gu.  ;  on 
a  chief  az.  a  bee  volant  or — PEEL  ;  and  and  3rd, 
az.,  on  a  pile  between  two  cross  crosslets  in  base, 
arg.,  an  eagle  displayed,  purpure — ETHELSTON. 

Motto :  Industria. 

PEMBERTON,   Edward,    Esq.,   of  Plas-issa, 
Flintshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Flint,  qualified  zoth 
March,  1839;  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Pemberton,  Esq.  ;  b.  in  the  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, 1792;  ed.  at  Westminster,  and  Brase- 
nose  Coll.,  Oxford  ;  grad.  M.A.  1817  ;  m., 
1820,  Mary,  dau.  of  George  Whitley,  Esq. 
Has  issue  5  sons  and  3  daus.  living. 

Residence:  Plas-issa,  near  Mold. 

PENNANT,  Philip  Pennant,  Esq.,  of  Brynbella, 
Flintshire. 

J.  P.  for  co.  of  Flint ;  High  Sheriff  for 
same  co.  1862  ;  son  of  the  late  Rev.  G. 
Pearson,  B.D.,  Rector  of  Castle  Camps, 
Cambridgeshire;  b.  August  5,  1834;  ed.  at 
the  Charterhouse  and  St.  John's  Coll., 
Cambridge;  grad.  B.A.  1857,  M.A.  1860  ; 
/«.,  1862,  Mary,  dau.  of  late  Rev.  Edward 
Bankes,  of  Soughton  Hall,  Flintshire  ;  has 
issue  i  son  and  2  daus.  Mr.  Pennant 
succeeded  to  the  Bodfari  estates  of  the  late 
David  Pennant,  Esq.,  of  Downing,  co.  of 
Flint,  in  1853,  and  assumed  by  royal 
licence  the  name  of  Pennant  in  lieu  of  that 
of  Pearson. 

Heir:  David  Falconer,  b.  1867. 

Residence:  Brynbella,  St.  Asaph,  Flintshire. 

7 nun  Address :  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club. 
Pall  Mall. 

Arms:  The  Pennant  arms,  "  Per  bend  sinister, 
ermine  and  ermines,  a  lion  rampant,  or,"  quartered 
with  those  of  Pearson. 

LINEAGE. 

The  ancient  family  of  Pennant,  of  Basingwerk 
and  Holywell,  traced  their  lineage  from  Tudor 
Trevor  (loth  cent.),  Lord  of  Bromfield,  Whitting- 
ton,  and  Hereford.  In  Dwnn  (Herald.  Visit.,  ii., 
305)  it  is  said  by  error  that  the  Pennants  bore  the 
arms  of  Ednowain  Bendew,  Lord  of  Tegeingl. 
From  Thomas  Pennant,  Abbot  of  "Dittos  Basin  " 
(Basingwerk),  was  descended  Nicholas  Pennant, 
who  HI.  Jane,  dau.  of  William  Moiston  (Mostyn), 
of  Maes-glas  (Greenfield,  Holywell).  In  direct  line 
from  this  stock  was — 

Thomas  Pennant,  Esq.,  of  Downing,  the  well- 
known  antiquary  and  traveller.  He  m.,  and  had 
issue — 

David  Pennant,  Esq.,  of  Downing,  whose  son, — 

David  Pennant,   Esq.,  of  Downing,   m.,  and  d. 


before  his  father,  leaving  a  dau.,  Louisa,  who  m. 
the  Lord  Viscount  Feilding  (now  8th  Earl  of  Den- 
bigh), and  d.  s.  p.  1853. 

David  Pennant,  Esq.,  Lady  Feilding's  grand- 
father, d.  1841,  devising,  in  case  of  her  death  with- 
out issue,  the  estate  of  Bodfari,  &c.,  to  his  cousin 
on  his  mother's  side, — 

PHILIP  PENNANT  (Pearson)  PENNANT,  asabove. 

PHILIPS,   Edwin  William,   Esq.,  of  Ehual, 
Flintshire. 

Late  Captain  in  H.M.'s  $6th  and  36th 
Regiments;  son  of  the  late  Frederick 
Charles  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Rhual ;  b.  at 
Erbistock,  April  8th,  1830;  ed.  at  the 
Royal  Military  College,  Sandhurst ;  m. 
Fanny  Louisa  Eyres,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Colonel  George  Eyres,  Grenadier  Guards, 
and  has  issue  one  son  and  one  dau. ;  s. 
June  3oth,  1860. 

Heir:  Basil  Edwyn. 
Residence :  Rhual,  near  Mold. 
Toivn  Address:  Army  and  Navy  Club. 
Motto :  Quae  tibi  vis  fieri  facias. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Rhual,  situated  near  Mold, 
was  originally  built  in  1634  by  Evan  Edwards,  Esq. 
In  the  close  neighbourhood  is  the  place  assigned  by 
tradition  to  a  great  battle  between  the  Welsh  and  the 
Saxons  and  Picts,  in  which  the  former  gained  a 
victory,  which  has  passed  under  the  name  of  Victoria 
Alleluiatica.  Germanus,  who  had  been  invited  over 
from  Gaul  to  confute  the  heresy  of  Pelagius  in  the 
fifth  century,  not  only  silenced  the  heretics  by  argu- 
ment at  St.  Alban's,  but,  according  to  Constantius, 
miraculously  scattered  the  invading  army  of  the  Saxons 
and  Picts  at  this  place  by  simply  crying  aloud  three 
times,  the  hosts  of  the  Cymry  joining  in  the  cry, — 
Alleluia.  This  tale  is  not  alluded  to  in  the  Welsh 
early  records,  but  was  imported  in  the  Vita  Germani 
by  Constant  ius.  As  Rees  in  his  Welsh  Saints 
remarks,  "this  was  an  age  of  religious  imposture,  and 
stories  could  be  related  at  Lyons  with  perfect  safety, 
of  events  which  took  place  in  an  obscure  comer  of 
Britain  ;  it  was  the  occurrence  of  the  name  of  Maes- 
garmon  in  the  parish  of  Mold,  Flintshire,  that  led 
Archbishop  Usher  to  fix  upon  that  spot  for  the 
Alleluiatic  victory."  The  late  Nehemiah  Griffith, 
Esq.,  of  Rhual,  probably  believed  the  story  when  he 
went  to  the  expense,  in  1736,  of  erecting  the  pyra- 
midal column,  bearing  an  inscription  commemorative 
of  the  supposed  victory,  still  standing  on  the  ground. 

PILKIN&TON,  William,  Esq.,    of  Downing, 
Flintshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  Lancashire ;  J.  P.  of  Flint- 
shire ;  son  of  William  Pilkington,  Esq.,  of 
St.  Helen's  and  Horwich,  Lancashire  ;  b.  at 
St.  Helen's,  March  i^th,  1800;  m.  Eliza 
Charlotte,  dau.  of  Lieut.  Charles  Boyes, 
R.N.  (See  Lineage.)  Has  issue  6  sons  and 
5  daus. 

Heir:  William  Pilkington,  Esq.,  Jun.,  Sutton 
Grange,  St.  Helen's. 

Residences:  Downing,  Holywell,  Flintshire; 
and  Marie,  near  Conway. 

2    H 


454 


FLINTSHIRE. 


Arms :  Arg.,  a  cross  flory,  voided  gu. 
Crest:  A  husbandman  mowing,  ppr. 
Motto ;  Now  thus,  now  thus. 

LINEAGE. 

Leonard  Pilkington,  Lord  of  Pilkington  Tower, 
held  a  command  under  Harold,  the  last  of  the 
Saxon  kings,  at  the  battle  of  Hastings,  in  1066. 
Flying  from  the  field,  and  being  hotly  pursued,  he 
disguised  himself  as  a  mower,  and  so  escaped. 
From  this  he  took  for  his  crest  a  mower  (with  his 
scythe)  of  party  colours,  argent  and  gules.  He 
joined  the  first  crusade  in  1096,  and  then  assumed 
the  arms  (still  borne  by  the  family) — argent,  across 
patonce  gules,  voided  of  the  field.  His  son, — 

Leonard,  living  at  Pilkington  Tower  loth 
Henry  I.  (mo),  had  a  son  Alexander,  the  head  of 
the  family  temp.  King  John,  whose  son  Alexander, 
living  1261 — 1289,  had  a  son  Roger,  who  had  a 
grant  of  free  warren  loth  June,  igth  Edward  I. 
(1291)  ;  and  was  a  witness  to  the  Manchester 
Charter,  I4th  May,  1.301.  This  Roger  had  two 
sons, — 

rst.  Sir  Roger,  Lord  of  Pilkington  (who,  together 
with  Sir  Adam  Hoghton,  of  Hoghton  Tower, 
represented  Lancashire  in  Parliament  39th  Ed- 
ward III.  (1365),  and  whose  descendant,  Sir 
Thomas,  fought  for  Richard  III.  at  the  battle  of 
Bosworth  Field,  was  attainted  and  beheaded  by 
Henry  VII.,  and  his  estates  confiscated  and  given 
to  Thomas,  Lord  Stanley,  then  created  1st  Earl  of 
Derby. 

2nd.  Richard,  to  whom  his  father  gave  Rivington. 
By  Ellen  his  wife,  dau.  of  William  Anderton, 
Richard  had  Robert,  whose  son  Robert  m.  (in  1403) 
Katharine,  dau.  of  John  de  Aynesworth,  and  had 
seven  children. 

Alexander,  the  eldest,  m.  Katharine,  dau.  of 
Richard  Croke,  of  Whittle,  and  had  five  sons ;  of 
whom — 

•  Sir  Ralph  Pi'.kington,  the  eldest,  m.  Margaret, 
dau.  of  William  Ambrose,  and  had  three  sons ; 
Robert,  the  eldest,  living  till  1508,  m.  Jane,  dau. 
of  Thurstan  Tyldesley,  in  1477,  and  had  (besides 
three  daus. )  a  son, — 

Richard,  who  m.  Alice,  dau.  of  Laurence  As- 
shawe,  and  had  seven  sons  and  five  daus.  :  1st, 
Charles,  died  young ;  2nd,  George,  succeeded  his 
father ;  3rd,  James,  became  Bishop  of  Durham, 
and  founded  Rivington  School,  and  consecrated 
and  opened  Rivington  Church  ;  4th,  Francis,  the 
bishop  s  steward  ;  5th,  Leonard,  a  prebendary  of 
Durham  ;  6th,  John,  another  prebendary  and  arch- 
deacon of  the  diocese  ;  7th,  Laurence,  Rector  of 
Kimblesworth. 

George,  the  eldest  son,  Lord  of  the  manor  of 
Rivington,  m.  Ann,  dau.  of  Geoffrey  Shakerley, 
and  left  two  sons,  Robert  and  James,  and  two 
daus.  ;  Robert,  the  eldest,  Lord  of  Rivington, 
o.  s.  p.  1605,  and  left  his  estates  to  trustees,  who 
sold  them  in  1611. 

James  Pilkington  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Hugh 
Stones,  of  Sharpies,  in  October,  1626  ;  and  their 
son,  James  Pilkington,  of  Sharpies,  had  two  sons, 
Richard  and  James.  From  the  younger  descended 
the  Pilkingtons  of  Brightmet,  Bolton,  Tonge,  &c. 

Richard,  the  eldest  (by  Mary  Hardman,  his 
wife),  had  nine  children  ;  the  eldest  was  James 
Pilkington,  of  Horwich,  whose  eldest  son, — 

Richard,  of  Horwich  and  Allerton,  near  Liverpool, 
m.  Elizabeth  Erownlow,  of  Rivington.  The  eldest 
son,  James,  m.  Eleanor  Hodgkinson ;  and  their 
eldest  son,  John  (by  Sarah  his  wife,  dau.  of  Wm. 
Ormerod,  of  Foxstones),  had  Wm.  Ormerod 


Pilkington,  of  the  Willows,  Preston,  who,  by  his 
second  wife,  has  several  children. 

Richard,  the  second  son  of  Richard  and  Eliza- 
beth Pilkington,  of  Horwich  and  Allerton  (by  his 
wife,  dau.  of  Wm.  Pendlebury),  had  six  children. 

William,  his  second  son  and  heir,  m.  Ann,  dau. 
of  Richard  Hatton,  of  Parbold  ;  they  had  thirteen 
children. 

Richard,  the  eldest,  of  St.  Helen's,  m.  Ann, 
dau.  of  Richard  Evans,  of  Haydock,  and  has  six 
sons. 

WILLIAM,  of  St.  Helen's,  and  of  Downing,  as 
above  (the  second  son  of  William  and  Ann  Hatton), 
m.  Eliza  Charlotte,  dau.  of  Lieutenant  Charles 
Boyes,  R.  N.  ;  they  had  twelve  children.  The 
eldest  son, — 

WILLIAM,  Lord  of  the  manor  of  Sutton  (which 
he  purchased  from  Sir  Henry  de  Hoghton),  m. 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Lee  Watson,  of  St.  Helen's,  and 
they  have  nine  children, — 

William  Lee  being  the  eldest  son. 

Note. — The  estate  and  mansion  of  Downing  have 
long  been  celebrated  not  only  for  their  natural  and 
artistic  beauty,  but  from  their  association  with  the 
family  of  Pennant,  and  notably  of  Thomas  Pennant, 
the  natural  historian,  traveller,  and  topographer,  whose 
winning  style  and  conscientious  accuracy  of  description 
make  him  an  ever-welcome  companion  to  the  annalist 
and  antiquary.  The  mansion  was  erected  in  1627 
by  John  Pennant,  of  Bickton,  who  married  the  heiress 
of  Downing,  and  replaced  the  old  by  a  new  and  costly 
edifice.  On  the  front  is  the  motto,  so  prevalent 
among  old  Welsh  families  of  the  line  of  Tudor  Trevor 
and  others,  Heb  Dduw  heb  diiim  ;  a  Duw  a  digon,  — 
"Without  God  destitute;  with  God  abundance." 
From  the  park  of  Downing  the  prospect  is  wide  and 
charming,  embracing  the  estuary  of  the  Dee  and 
Cheshire  towards  Liverpool,  with  a  sea  view  frequently 
animated  by  numerous  vessels  leaving  or  making  for 
the  Mersey  and  the  Dee.  In  the  near  neighbourhood 
is  Mostyn  Hall,  the  venerable  seat  of  Lord  Mostyn. 


POTTS,  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Glanrafon,  Flintshire. 

Is  Captain  ist  Royal  Cheshire  Militia; 
J.  P.  for  Denbighshire  and  Flintshire ; 
High  Sheriff  for  latter  co.  1852;  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Henry  Potts,  Esq.,  of  Glan- 
rafon, by  Anne,  dau.  of  Samuel  Taylor,  of 
Moston,  co.  of  Lancaster ;  b.  at  Chester, 
1 8 10  ;  ed.  at  Shrewsbury  School,  and  Magd. 
Coll.,  Cambridge  ;  grad.  B.A.  1831,  M.A. 
1833;  m.,  1844,  Cecilia  Anne,  dau.  of 
Major  Martin,  and  has  issue  two  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

Heir :  Eldest  son,  Henry  John,  b.  1845  ;  ed.  at 
Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford  ;  is  Lieutenant  in  1st  Royal 
Cheshire  Militia. 

Residence :  Glanrafon,  Mold. 

Town  Address :  Junior  Carlton  Club. 

PULESTON,  Sir  Eichard  Price,  Bart,  of  Emral, 

Flintshire. 

Baronetcy  created  1813.  Is  3rd  Baronet; 
formerly  Capt.  75th  and  44th  Regts.  ; 
served  with  the  Cape  Cavalry  in  the  Kaffir 
War,  1836 — 9;  Adjutant  of  Flintshire 


COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


455 


Militia  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  the  co.  of 
Flint ;  Patron  of  the  Rectory  of  Worthen- 
bury,  Flintshire,  and  of  the  Vicarage  of 
Shocklach,  Cheshire ;  is  the  eldest  son  of 
Sir  Richard  Puleston,  2nd  Bart.  (</.  1860), 
and  only  issue  by  his  first  wife,  Annette, 
dau.  of  General  England,  by  his  wife,  Anne 
O'Brien  (his  cousin),  of  the  ancient  family 
of  O'Brien,  Marquises  of  Thomond,  Barons 
Inchiquin ;  ;//.,  1853,  Catherine  Judith, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Foun- 
tayne  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Melton  Park, 
Yorkshire,  M.P.  for  the  West  Riding  1825, 
Colonel  of  the  ist  West  Yorkshire  Militia, 
sister  of  Andrew  Fountayne  Wilson  Mon- 
tagu, Esq.,  of  Melton  Park  and  Ingman- 
thorpe,  &c.,  co.  of  York,  and  of  Papple- 
wick,  Notts,  &c.,  &c.,  and  has  issue  three 
daus : — 

1.  Annette  Fountayne. 

2.  Mary  Sophia. 

3.  Catherine  Theodosia  Fountnyne. 

Heir  presumptive:  RICHARD  DE  PULESTON, 
only  son  of  the  late  Capt.  John  Philip  Bowyer 
Puleston,  82nd  Regt.,  eldest  son  by  the  second 
marriage  of  Sir  Richard  Puleston,  Bart. 

Seat:  Emral,  Flintshire. 

Town  Address :  Junior  United  Service  Club. 

Arms:  Sa.,  three  mullets,  two  and  one,  arg., 
with  many  quarterings. 

Crest:  I.  An  oak  tree  ppr.,  pendent  from  a 
branch  by  a  band  az.  an  escutcheon  gu.,  charged 
with  3  ostiich  feathers  or.  2.  On  achapeau  gu., 
turned  up  ermine,  a  buck  statant  proper,  at- 
tired or. 

Motto  :  Clariores  e  tenebris. 

LINEAGE. 

The  genealogical  history  of  this  ancient  family  is 
clear  and  complete.  From  the  time  of  Edward  I., 
when  the  Pulestons  first  settled  in  Flintshire, 
Emral,  without  interruption,  has  continued  to  be 
their  principal  seat.  Through  the  long  course  of 
nearly  600  years  the  male  line  has  not  been  quite 
unbroken,  but  the  succession  of  inheritance  in  the 
blood  of  the  first  Sir  Roger  de  Pyvelisdon,  who 
formed  his  home  at  Emral  circa  A.D.  1284 — Lfwys 
Dwnn  assigns  the  date  8th  Edward  I.,  or  1280 — 
has  continued  intact.  Roger,  Richard,  and  John, 
have  been  the  chief  Christian  names  in  this  family. 

Sir  Roger  de  Pyvelisdon  about  the  above  date, 
when,  after  the  fall  of  the  last  Prince  Llewelyn 
(A.D.  1282),  the  government  of  Wales  was  being 
remodelled,  the  laws  placed  under  new  administra- 
tion, and  revenue  collected  by  commissioners  from 
the  English  king,  was  appointed  by  Edward  I.  to 
the  responsible  office  of  presiding  over  the  fiscal 
administration  of  North  Wales.  It  had  been  de- 
termined to  collect  the  fifteenth  of  the  moveable 
property  of  the  Welsh  for  the  purposes  of  the 
Government.  In  the  commotions  which  ensued, 
Sir  Roger  of  Emral  was  executed, — a  fate,  says  Sir 
Samuel  R.  Meyrick,  that  "attended  all  his  assist- 
ants who  had  attempted  to  enforce  the  payment  of 
this  tribute." 

Sir  Roger,  who  bore  on  his  escutcheon  "sa., 
three  mullets  arg.,"  had  m.  Jane  (according  to  note 
in  Dwnn,  and  not  Agnes,  as  stated  by  some),  dau. 


of  David  le  Clerk,  of  Malpas,  and  left  by  her  a 
son, — 

Sir  Richard  de  Pyvelisdon,  or  Puleston,  Kt.,  of 
Emral,  who  m.  Angharad  (whom  Dwnn  modifies 
from  the  Latin  into  Angreta),  dau.  of  a  Warren  of 
Warren  Hall,  Salop,  and  had  by  her  eight  sons  and 
a  dau.  William,  the  eldest,  d.  s.  p.,  and  the  suc- 
cession was  in  the  2nd  son, — 

Sir  Roger  Puleston,  Kt.,  of  Emral,  who  was  the 
first  to  marry  a  Welsh  lady.  His  wife  was  Mar- 
garet, dau.  of  Gruffydd  ap  Llewelyn  ab  Ynyr  of 
lal,  and  by  her  he  had  three  sons.  The  eldest,  John, 
d.  s.  p.,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  2nd  son, — 

Richard  Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Emral,  who  by  his 
wife  Lleiky,  or  Lucy,  dau.  of  Madog  Voel  ap 
levan,  had  several  children.  His  eldest  son  and 
successor  was — 

Robert  Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Emral,  who  m,  Lowri, 
dau.  of  Gruffydd  Vychan  ap  Gnififydd  of  Rhuddallt 
(sister  of  Owen  Glyndwr).  Robert  Puleston  be- 
came a  strong  supporter  of  the  insurrection  headed 
by  the  heroic  Owen,  his  brother-in-law  (see  Owen 
Glyndwr),  in  consequence  of  which  his  estates  were 
imperilled.  By  his  wife  Lowri  he  was  father  of — 

1.  John  Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Emral. 

2.  Madog,  who  m.  Angharad,  dau.  and  co-h.  of 
David  ap  Gronwy  (some  say  David  ap  Llewelyn — 
Divnn,  ii.,  151),  and  became  the  progenitor  of  the 
Pulestons  of  Havodywern,  Bersham  (Dwnn,  ii. ,  359), 
Llwynycnotie(ibid.,  361),  and  Carnarvon  (ibid.,  150). 
His  gr.  grandson, — 

Sir  John  Puleston,  Constable  of  Carnarvon  Castle,  and 
Chamberlain  of  North  Wales  (d.  1551),  was  father  of  Row- 
land Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Carnarvon,  living  1588,  whose  dau.  and 
sole  heir,  Jane,  m.  Sir  Thomas  Johnes,  Kt.,  of  Abermarlais, 
Carm.,  and  was  mother  of  Mary,  wife  of  John  Stedman,  of 
Plas  Cilcennin,  Card.,  whose  dau.  Jane  m.  her  kinsman,  Sir 
John  Vaughan,  of  Crosswood,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common 
Pleas  (see  Lisbunie,  Crosswood). 

Sir  John,  the  first  son,  m.  Angharad,  dau.  and 
h.  of  Grufiydd  Hanmer,  Esq.,  of  Hanmer,  Flint- 
shire, and  had  issue,  besides  Catherine,  who  d.  s.p., 
a  son, — 

Sir  Roger  Puleston,  Kt. ,  of  Emral,  whom.,  1st, 
Cicily,  dau.  of  Rondwl  Philip  Bmton,  of  Malpas, 
and  had  a  son,  John  Puleston,  who  d.  .s.  p. 
(Dwnn} ;  2ndly,  Janet,  dau.  and  h.  of  Thomas 
Bulkeley,  Esq.,  of  Eaton,  whose  marriage  settle- 
ment is  dated  1468  (note  on  Dwnn},  and  had  issue 
by  her,  besides  three  sons,  John,  Philip,  Thomas, 
who  all  d.  s.  p.,  a  4th  son, — 

Sir  Roger  Puleston,  Kt.,  of  Emral,  who  m., 
Ist,  Jane,  dau.  and  h.  of  William  Hanmer,  Esq., 
of  Hanmer,  and  had  by  her,  besides  Roger, 
Margaret,  and  Maud,  an  eldest  son, — 

Sir  Richard  Puleston,  Kt.,  whose  wife  was 
Ermin,  dau.  of  Richard  Hanmer,  Esq.,  of  Han- 
mer, by  whom  he  had — 

1.  Roger  Puleston,  Esq.,  whose  wife  was  Anne, 
dau.   of  Richard  Grosvenor,    Esq.,   of  Eaton,  and 
by  whom  he  had,  besides  Edward,  Thomas,  and 
John,  an  eldest  son, — 

Roger,  who  by  his  wife  Madlen,  dau.  of  Sir 
Thomas  Hanmer,  had  an  elder  son,  Sir  Richard 
Puleston,  who  d.  s.  p.,  and  a  2nd  son,  George, 
who  d.  s.  p. 

2.  Richard,  whose  son,  by  Alice,  dau.  of  David 
Lewis  of  Bulcot,  was — 

Sir  John  Puleston,  Kt.,  of  Emral,  a  Judge  of 
the  Common  Pleas,  d.  1659.  He  was  s.  by  his 
son  (by  Elizabeth  his  wife,  dau.  of  Sir  John 
Woolrich), — 

Roger  Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Emral,  Sheriff  of  co. 
of  Denbigh  1664,  whose  wife  was  Jane,  dau.  of 
Sir  Thomas  Mostyn,  Bart  (she  m.,  after  his 


FLINTSHIRE. 


death,  which  occurred  in  1667,  Sir  John  Trevor, 
Master  of  the  Rolls),  and  by  whom  he  had  an 
eldest  son, — 

Sir  Roger  Puleston,  Kt.,  of  Emral  (d.  1697), 
who  by  his  2nd  wife,  Martha,  dau.  of  Sir  William 
-Ryder,  Kt.,  had  a  son, — 

Thomas  Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Emral,  who  d.  s.  p. 
1734,  when  the  elder  line  terminated,  and  left  by 
will  the  estate  of  Emral  to  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Puleston,  Esq.,  of  Pickhill,  Denb. ,  representative  of 
a  younger  branch  of  the  family, — 

John  Puleston,  Esq.,  who  in  1734  became  the 
next  of  Emral,  and  HI.  Anne,  the  widow  of  the  late 
possessor,  Thomas  Puleston,  Esq.  By  her  he  had 
issue  two  sons,  who  d.  s.  p.t  and  a  dau., — 

Ann  Puleston,  b.  1764,  who  m.  Richard  Parry 
Price,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-y-pys,  Flintshire,  b.  1737, 
who  was  descended  in  direct  line  from  John  Parry, 
Bishop  of  Ossory,  d.  1678,  son  of  Edward  Parry, 
Bishop  of  Killaloe,  d.  1650,  and  both  buried  in  the 
family  vault  in  St.  Audeon's  Church,  Dublin. 

The  issue  of  the  marriage  of  Anne  Puleston  and 
Richard  Parry  Price,  Esq  ,  of  Bryn-y-pys,  was  an 
only  son, — 

Sir  Richard  Price  Puleston,  b.  1765,  of  age  3rd 
Sept.,  1786,  who  assumed  the  surname  Puleston 
1812,  and  was  created  a  baronet  1813,  d.  1840. 
He  ?«.,  1st,  1786,  Ellen,  dau.  of  William  Boates, 
Esq.;  2ndly,  1798,  Emma  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John 
Corbet,  Esq.,  of  Sundorn  Castle,  Salop,  who  sur- 
vived him.  By- the  first  marriage  he  had, — 

1.  Sir  Richard  Puleston,  2nd  Bart.,  of  Emral. 

2.  Charlotte  Anne,  who  in.  John  George  Nor- 
bury,    Esq.,    of  Mammeter   Hall,    Leicestershire. 
She   and   her    husband    d.,    leaving    issue    three 
daus. : — 

1.  Catherine,  who  m.    Philip  Hill,  col.   in  the 
army,   brother   of  Viscount  Hill,  of   Ilawkstone, 
Salop. 

2.  Mary,  who  m.  Viscount   Lismore,  of  Shan- 
bally  Castle,  co.  Tipperary. 

3.  Anne,  who  m.  Lord  Cosmo  George  Russell, 
son  of  the  6th  Duke  of  Bedford. 

Sir  Richard  Puleston,  by  his  first  wife,  Annette, 
dau.  of  General  England  by  his  wife,  Anne  O'Brien 
(as  above  stated),  who  was  descended  in  the  royal 
line  of  Thomond,  from  the  Irish  King  Brian  (d. 
1014),  through  Murrough  O'Brien  (temp.  Henry 
VIII.),  who  on  surrendering  his  royal  claims  was 
created  Earl  of  Thomond  and  Baron  Inchiquin, 
had  a  son, — 

I.  SIR  RICHARD  PRICE  PULESTON,  3rd  Bart., 
now  of  Emral,  as  above. 

Sir  Richard  has  living — 

A  brother,  Rev.  Thsophilns  Henry  Gresley,  A.M.,  Rector 
of  Worthenbury,  Flintshire,  b.  1823  ;  in.,  1849,  Mary  Christian 
Anne,  dau.  of  Rev.  W.  G.  Marvin,  Vicar  of  Shawbury,  Salop. 

Sisters — i,  Ann  Annabella,  in.  W.  R.  M.  Thoyts,  Esq., 
of  Sulhampstead,  Berks,  Major  in  Berks  Militia.  2,  Ellen, 
in.  William  Fielder  Croome,  Esq.,  of  Cerney  House,  Glou- 
cestershire. J.  P.  and  D.  I,,  for  that  CO.  ;  3,  Mary  Louisa,  in. 
Henry  Bailey,  Esq.,  of  Nantyglo  House,  Mon.,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Sir  Joseph  Bailey,  Bart ,  of  Glanusk  Park, 
Brec. 


EGBERTS,  Arthur  Troughton,  Esq.,  of  Coed-du, 
Flintshire. 

D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Anglesey ;  Clerk  of 
the  Peace  for  the  co.  of  Flint ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Hugh  Roberts,  Esq.,  of  Glan 
y  Menai,  Anglesey,  by  Anne,  dau.  of  John 
Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Chester;  b.,  1815,  at 
Mold,  Flintshire;  m.,  1849,  Grace  Re- 


becca, eldest  dau.  of  William  Phillips, 
Esq.,  of  Witston  Court,  Monmouthshire ; 
s.  1857  ;  has  issue  5  sons  and  6  daus. 

Heir :  Arthur  Phillips. 

Residences:  Coed-du,  near  Mold;  and  Glany- 
menai,  Anglesey. 

Town  Address :  Carlton  Club,  S.W. 
Anns :    Per   pale :    dexter,    gu  ,    three   lions 
rampantarg. — ROBERTS;  sinister.gu  ,  three  boars' 
heads  or ;  az,,  a  cross  between  four  pheons  or — 
PHILLIPS. 

Crest :  A  lion  rampant,  as  in  arms. 
Motto :  Dum  spiro  spero. 

Note. — The  date  of  erection  of  Coed-di1  is  not 
known  ;  it  was  added  to  in  1813,  and  subsequently 
in  1867. 

EOSKELL,  George  Potts,  Esq.,   of  Stockyn, 

Flintshire. 

Magistrate  for  the  co.  of  Flint ;  son  of 
George  Roskell,  Esq.,  of  Stockyn  and  Flint, 
J.  P.  for  the  co. ;  Major  in  the  Flintshire 
Local  Militia,  and  ist  Mayor  of  Flint, 
J835-7  ;  b.  at  Stockyn,  22nd  July,  1810  ; 
fd.  at  Oscot  College ;  m.  Ellen,  dau.  of 
Joseph  Wharton,  Esq.,  and  sole  heiress  of 
her  grandfather,  Peter  Halewood,  Esq.,  of 
the  Manor  House,  Netherton,  and  of  her 
great-uncle,  Richard  Blundell,  Esq.,  of 
Stawberley  House,  Fazakerley,  all  of  Lan- 
cashire; s.  his  father  1847  ;  has  issue  one 
daughter. 

Heir:  His  daughter  Ellen. 

Residence;  Stockyn,  Flintshire. 

Arms:  Erminois,  a  crescent  sable,  within  an 
orle  of  ten  martlets  gules. 

Crest:  A  dexter  cubit  arm  in  armour  purpure, 
charged  with  a  martlet  as  in  the  arms,  issuant 
from  a  wreath  of  oak  or,  in  the  hand  a  crosslet  gu. 

Motto :  Ros  cceli. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  ancient 
family  of  Rosgill  of  Rosgill,  in  the  co.  of  West- 
moreland, which  was  seated  at  Rosgill  Manor  House 
in  1216. 

Note. — The  house  of  Stockyn  is  ancient,  but  a  wing 
has  been  added  by  the  present  proprietor. 

ST.  ASAPH,   Eight   Eev.   Joshua  Hughes, 

Bishop  of. 
(See  Hughes,  Right  Rev.  Joshua,  &c.) 

TEEVOE-EOPEE,  Charles  Blayney,    Esq.,  of 
Plas  Teg,  Flintshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Flint ;  High 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  of  Flint  1835  ;  son 
of  the  late  Cadwallader  Blayney  Trevor- 
Roper,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Tc'g  (who,  having 
inherited  property  after  his  cousin,  Mary 
Jane,  Lady  Dacre,  assumed  the  surname  ol 
Trevor  in  addition  to  his  own  of  Roper), 
by  his  first  wife,  Elizabeth  Anne,  dau.  of 
Henry  Reveley,  Esq.;  b.  1799;  ed-  at 
Ruthin,  Shrewsbury,  and  Oxford  ;  ;;/.,  1821, 


COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  FLINTSHIRE. 


457 


Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Knight,  Esq., 
and  had  issue, besides fivedaus., five  sons: — 

1.  Charles   James  Trevor-Roper,   Esq., 
of  Nantygaer,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  Denbigh- 
shire, b.  1823. 

2.  William  Trevor-Roper,  b.  1827. 

3.  George    Edward    Trevor- Roper,    of 
Vale  Cottage,  Mold,  b.  1831. 

4.  Richard  Henry,  b.  1834. 

5.  Dacre  Trevor- Roper,  b.  1839, 

Heir:  Charles  James  Trevor- Roper. 
Residence :  Pliis  Teg,  Flintshire. 
Motto :  Spes  mea  in  Deo. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  from  the  ancient  house  of 
Trevor  of  Trevalyn,  co.  of  Flint,  and  the  Ropers, 
Barons  Teynham,  of  Teynham,  co.  of  Kent.  (See 
Trevor  of  Trevalyn. ) 

Note. — Plas  Teg  was  designed  by  Inigo  Jones  in 
1610,  and  contains  suites  of  spacious  apartments.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated  in  the  Vale  of  the  Terrig,  and  in 
the  midst  of  a  fertile  and  luxuriant  country,  about  four 
miles  from  Mold.  A  little  to  the  north-east  of  the 
mansion,  beyond  the  high  road,  are  visible  the  ditch 
and  mounds  of  Watt's  Dyke. 

WILLIAMS,  Sir  Hugh,  Bart.,  of  Bodelwyddan, 

Flintshire. 
Baronetcy  cr.  1798.  Is  3rd  Bart.;  was  High 


Sheriff  01  co.  of  Flint  1862 ;  2nd  son  of 
the  late  Sir  John  Williams,  ist  Bart,  by 
Margaret,  dau.  and  h.  of  Hugh  Williams, 
Esq.,  of  Ty-fry,  Anglesey;  b.  1802;  eti.  at 
Rugby;  m.,  1843,  Henrietta  Charlotte,  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  Watkin  Williams-Wynn,  sth 
Bart,  of  Wynnstay,  and  sister  of  the  present 
Sir  Watkin  ;  s.  his  brother,  Sir  John  Hay 
Williams,  2nd  Bart,  of  Bodelwyddan,  1859 
(see  Lady  Hay  Williams  Jt/tianva);  has 
issue  5  sons  (of  whom  the  eldest  is  William 
Grenville)  and  4  daus  ,  of  whom  the  eldest, 
Henrietta  Margaret,  »/.,  1866,  Edmund 
Peel,  Esq.  (See  Fed  of  Bryn-y-pys.) 

Heir :  William  Grenville  Williams,  b.  1844,  in 
the  Naval  Life  Guards. 

Residence:  Bodelwyddan,  St.  Asaph. 

Town  Address  :  Carlton  Club. 

Arms;  Arg,,  two  foxes countersalient  in  saltire 
gu.,  with  a  crescent  for  difference. 

Crest :  A  fox's  head  erased,  an  eagle  displayed, 
or. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Bodelwyddan  family  is  a  junior  branch  of 
the  Williamses  of  Llanforda,  ancestors  of  the 
^f»7/;'a»w-Wynns  of  Wynnstay,  the  latter  having 
sprung  from  William,  the  eldest  son  of  "Speaker 
Williams,"  the  former  from  John,  his  second  son. 
(See  Williams  Wynn  of  Wynnstay.) 


THE  ANCIENT  MANSION  OF  GWYDIK,  AS  IT  WAS  IN  1684,  WHEN  THE  DUKE  OF  BEAUFORT,  IN  HIS 
PROGRESS  THROUGH  WALES,  LODGED  THERE.  (From  "  Beaufort  Progress,"  attained  tea  fate  far  tfie 
Carnarvonshire  sheets.) 


ANNALS,    &c.,    OF    WALES. 


GLAMORGANSHIRE 

(MORGANWC). 

THE  English  name  "  Glamorgan  "  is  a  corruption  of  the  original  Gwlad-Morgan — the  country 
or  territory  of  Morgan,  a  ruler  of  this  region  in  the  ninth  century.  Before  the  time  of 
Morgan,-  who  is  usually  surnamed  in  Cymric  history  Morgan  Mwynfawr,  or  the  courteous, 
the  extensive  tract  over  which  he  ruled,  extending  much  beyond  the  boundaries  of  the 
present  county,  was  known  under  the  name  Esylhvg — "  the  country  of  Essyllt/'  and  the 
people  were  called  Essyllwyr,  from  which  were  coined  the  Latin  Silures  and  Siluria.  This 
tract  included  Monmouthshire,  and  parts  of  Brecknockshire  and  Carmarthenshire,  as  well  as 
the  Forest  of  Dean,  in  Gloucestershire,  extending  along  the  shore  "  from  the  Severn  to  the 
Towy."  In  the  succeeding  section,  on  the  history  of  Glamorganshire,  the  territory  of  the 
Lords  of  Morganwg,  its  extent  and  changing  limits,  and  relation  to  surrounding  princedoms, 
will  be  further  noticed. 


SECTION  I.— PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

This  county,  bounded  on  the  south  and  west  by  the  Bristol  Channel,  on  the  east  by 
Monmouthshire,  and  on  north  by  Brecknockshire  and  Carmarthenshire,  has  an  extreme 
length  from  east  to  west  of  53  miles,  and  an  extreme  breadth  from  the  shore  to  the  interior 
of  27  miles.  Its  superficial  measurement  is  estimated  at  about  792  square  miles.  It  is  the 
third  in  size  of  the  counties  of  Wales,  being  exceeded  by  Carmarthenshire  and  Montgomery- 
shire ;  but  taking  into  account  its  subterranean  and  surface  productions,  it  far  exceeds  in 
actual  value  any  other  county  in  Wales,  and  perhaps  any  other  region  of  equal  size  in  Great 
Britain.  The  population  of  this  county  under  the  last  five  censuses  has  shown  an  increase 
far  surpassing  that  of  any  other  county  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  offers  to  the  moralist, 
the  political  economist,  and  politician,  a  problem  of  the  greatest  interest. 

Total  population  of  Glamorganshire  in  1 80 1  ...  ...  7I,523J 

Do.                            1831  ...  ..  126,200; 

Do.           1841  ...  171,188; 

Do.           1851  231,849; 

Do.           1861  ...  ...  317,752> 

Do.           1871  ...  ...  396,010; 


4&>  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

showing  that  in  the  course  of  the  present  century  the  inhabitants  have  increased  considerably 
more  than  fivefold — a  rate  far  in  advance  of  any  other  in  England  or  Wales ;  for  with  all  the 
marvels  of  the  growth  of  London,  the  population  of  Middlesex  has  only  trebled  itself  since 
1 80 1,  and  that  of  Lancashire  has  only  advanced  slightly  more  than  fourfold.  The  most 
rapid  progress  in  Glamorganshire  has  been  made  during  the  last  decade,  when  an  addition 
of  nearly  80,000  souls,  or  a  fifth  of  the  whole,  took  place.  This  enormous  amassing  ot 
people,  brought  by  the  unequalled  development  of  the  coal  and  iron  industries  from  all  parts 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  even  from  other  lands,  and  occurring  in  a  country  inhabited 
by  a  quiet  and  comparatively  unenterprising  race,  gives  rise  to  curious  and  interesting  social 
questions  deserving  and  loudly  calling  for  discriminative  and  philosophic  attention  ;  and  we 
shall  have  the  advantage  in  future  pages  of  presenting  observations  on  the  subject  from  the 
pen  of  one  of  the  most  careful  and  intelligent  observers — himself  a  resident  in  the  county. 

The  great  surface  outlines  of  Glamorganshire  are  marked  by  the  mountainous  elevations 
of  the  interior  and  northern  parts,  locally  denominated  "  the  hills,"  where  the  great  iron  and 
coal  works  are  mainly  located,  the  undulating  and  comparatively  level  southern  and  south- 
eastern side,  termed  with  a  latitude  of  meaning  "  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan,"  and  the  valleys 
of  the  Taff  on  the  east ;  of  the  Neath  or  Nedd  to  the  north-west,  cutting  the  county  into  two 
unequal  parts;  anil  the  smaller  valleys  of  the  Tawe  running  parallel  to  the  Nedd;  the 
Rhymni  running  a  course  of  thirty  miles,  and  forming  the  eastern  boundary  between  the 
county  and  Monmouthshire ;  the  Elwy,  entering  the  sea  along  with  the  Taff  near  Cardiff ; 
the  Ogmore,  which  joins  the  sea  below  Bridgend ;  the  Avon,  ending  at  Aberavon ;  the 
Loughor,  which  ends  in  the  Barry  estuary ;  the  Cynon  and  the  two  Rhonddas,  tributaries  of 
the  Taff;  the  Dulas,  a  tributary  of  the  Nedd;  the  Garw,  Llynfi,  and  Ewenny,  tributaries  of 
the  Ogmore.  None  of  the  streams  are  more  than  twenty  to  five-and-twenty  miles  long,  and 
several  are  not  twelve.  The  watersheds  from  which  they  start  stand  for  the  most  part 
beyond  the  limits  of  Glamorganshire.  The  Tawe,  Nedd,  Dulas,  Cynon,  Taff,  and  Rhymni, 
all  rise  in  the  high  lands  of  Breconshire;  but  the  Ogmore,  Avon,  Daw  (ending  at  Aberddaw), 
Elwy,  and  the  two  Rhonddas,  have  their  origin  within  the  county,  with  an  average  course  of 
about  a  dozen  miles. 

The  coast-line  of  Glamorganshire,  not  less  than  eighty  miles  in  length,  through  two- 
thirds  of  that  distance  presents  to  the  waves  a  rampart  of  limestone  cliffs,  in  many  parts 
rising  almost  perpendicularly  from  the  beach  to  terrific  heights,  with  broken  and  cavernous 
expression,  which  strikes  the  beholder  with  awe.  From  Penarth  Point,  near  Cardiff,  to  Nash 
Point,  and  again  from  the  Mumbles  to  the  Worm's  Head,  a  coast  is  witnessed  which  in 
stormy  weather  can  scarcely  be  surpassed  for  the  magnificence  of  its  aspect.  Woe  to  the 
craft  that  is  driven  on  this  shore !  It  has  but  few  places  of  effectual  shelter,  and  was  in  the 
olden  time  famous  for  its  tales  of  shipwreck  and  the  atrocious  doings  of  its  wreckers.  The 
two  small  islands  of  Barry  and  Lundy  lie  close  to  the  south-eastern  shore,  and  the  Flat 
Holmes  lie  out  a  few  miles  in  mid-channel  from  Lavernock  Point,  where  the  Bristol 
Channel,  separating  this  county  from  Somerset,  is  only  some  dozen  miles  in  breadth. 

Glamorganshire,  looked  at  superficially,  has  three  points  of  surpassing  interest.  Cardiff 
and  the  valley  of  the  Taff  are  in  modern  commercial  activity  as  remarkable  as  they  were  in 
earlier  times  for  political,  ecclesiastical,  and  warlike  doings.  The  eye  in  the  second  place 
naturally  turns  to  those  centres  of  population,  wealth,  and  combined  maritime  and  inland 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  :— CARDIFF.  461 

activity  fringing  the  Bay  of  Swansea.  But  the  "  hills "  are  the  part  of  Glamorganshire 
which  exercises  the  strongest  fascination  over  the  mind.  Only  a  few  years  ago,  the  most 
silent  and  deserted,  most  destitute  of  attraction,  most  forbidding  in  aspect,  and  unknown  to 
the  common  world  of  any  part  of  the  Principality,  they  have  almost  suddenly  become  the 
cynosure  of  all  lands,  the  focus  of  teeming  multitudes,  the  very  workshop  of  Vulcan  and  alt 
his  kin  ;  where  the  nature  of  man  is  almost  changed  into  that  of  a  dweller  underground  and 
fire-eater,  and  the  bowels  of  the  earth  are  torn  out  to  be  made  into  rails  and  fuel  for  half 
the  civilized  world.  All  the  creations  of  classic  poets  respecting  Acheron  and  Cocytus,  the 
forges  of  Vulcan,  and  the  deep  abodes  of  Pluto  are  here  infinitely  surpassed  in  human 
reality,  and  a  picture  is  laid  before  us  of  desolation  and  chaos,  scientific  and  mechanical 
achievement,  squalor,  filth,  moral  degradation,  heroic  Christian  contest  with  evil,  and  all- 
devouring  rage  for  gain,  such  as-the  light  of  the  sun  has  seldom  made  visible. 

Cardiff,  in  its  day  of  comparative  obscurity,  may  be  said  to  have  been  in  a  sense  the 
cradle  of  Glamorgan.  Here  in  its  ancient  castle,  as  we  shall  have  occasion  in  our  historical 
sketch  further  to  notice,  centred  the  chief  life,  social,  political,  and  military,  of  these  parts. 
And  here  still,  under  exceedingly  different  aspects,  is  located  much  of  the  modern  life  of 
the  county.  It  is  no  part  of  our  design  to  trace  the  history  of  the  rise  of  Cardiff  as  a 
town  or  port,  or  to  describe  its  magnificent  docks  and  shipping,  and  the  influence  of  the 
great  house  of  Bute  on  the  fortunes  of  the  place  ;  but  it  is  necessary  in  casting  a  glance 
over  the  influences  and  conditions  which  mould  the  county,  and  the  place  held  by  its  great 
families  as  an  integral  part  of  those  influences,  to  mark  here  in  passing  the  beneficent  power 
hitherto  exerted  by  the  family  of  Bute  upon  this  town  and  port  (see  Bute  of  Cardiff  Castle). 
Through  the  liberality  and  large-mindedness  of  the  late  Marquis,  this  port  has  been  supplied 
with  docks,  which  for  capacity,  convenience,  and  engineering  skill  are  unsurpassed.  Fabulous 
sums  have  been  expended  upon  their  construction,  and,  judging  from  the  returns,  not  a 
farthing  has  been  wasted.  The  ships  of  all  nations  coming  for  coal  and  iron  have  been 
attracted  by  the  accommodation  here  offered,  and  the  steel  of  the  Taff  Vale  Railway  is 
bright  from  the  constant  passage  of  trains  bringing  down  the  treasures  of  "  the  hills  "  to 
meet  their  demands.  The  merchants  of  Cardiff  are  now  numerous  and  wealthy.  The 
population  of  the  town  in  1801  was  only  1,870 ;  in  1871  it  was  39,675,  while  the  "district 
of  boroughs"  around  contained  a  population  of  60,223,  of  which  the  enormous  proportion 
of  24,682  was  a  clear  increase  since  1861  (Census,  1871). 

Cardiff  Castle,  to  which  we  shall  recur  in  our  section  on  the  antiquities  of  this  county, 
was  the  nucleus  around  which  the  ancient  little  town  of  Caer-dyf  gathered  as  a  cluster  of 
dependent  feudal  tenements.  The  modern  castle,  of  which  we  give  an  engraving,  built 
contiguously  to  the  ancient  baronial  stronghold,  is  situated  close  to,  or  more  properly 
speaking,  in  the  midst  of  the  now  rapidly  growing  town. 

This  part  of  Cardiff  Castle  was  built  by  the  late  Marquis  of  Bute,  on  part  of  the  site 
of  the  early  fortress,  but  in  a  style  much  more  modern  and  suited  to  modern  modes  of  life. 
It  contains  spacious  and  richly  decorated  suites  of  apartments  sumptuously  furnished,  and  the 
walls  are  hung  with  a  great  variety  of  costly  paintings  by  old  and  more  modern  masters  of 
different  countries.  Since  the  accession  of  the  present  marquis,  great  additions,  not  yet  com- 
pleted, have  been  made  to  the  castle,  but  these  are  on  too  extensive  a  scale  to  be  included  in 
our  illustration.  The  new  works  are  an  evidence  that  the  proprietor  is  partial  to  this  historic 


462 


GI.AMOKGAXSIIIKK. 


spot,  and  means  well  for  the  town  of  Cardiff.     A  young  nobleman  whose  tastes  lead  him  to 
the  study  of  art,  commerce,  and  social   questions,   rather  than   to  the  dissipations  of  the 


CARDIFF  CASTLE  :  THK  RESIDF.NCE  OK  THE  MOST  NOBLE  THE  MARQUIS  OK  BUTE 
(front  a  photo,  by  Bedford). 

metropolis  and  the  ventures  of  the  turf,  will  find  from  his  castle  of  Cardiff  no  lack  of 
openings  for  the  exercise  of  beneficence  and  the  elevation  of  his  kind,  and  will  doubtless 


CARDIFF  CASTLE:  THE  ANCIKNT  KEEP  (from  a.  photo,  by  Bedford), 

feel  more  at  home  surrounded  by  a  teeming  population  deriving  subsistence  largely  from  the 
industries  of  his  prosperous  estates  than  in  the  comparative  loneliness  of  his  northern  seats. 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION:— CARDIFF  AND  NEIGHBOURHOOD.  463 

The  ancient  castle  of  Cardiff  is  now  chiefly  represented  by  the  remains  of  its  k'ep.  This 
is  a  spacious  octagonal  tower  of  some  seventy-five  feet  in  diameter,  standing  on  a  mnmd  of 
considerable  elevation,  and  affording  to  the  spectator  who  mounts  its  summit  a  most  ex- 
tensive view  of  town,  port,  and  channel,  vale,  woodland,  and  distant  hills.  This  was  the 
place  where  Robert  of  Normandy,  a  son  of  the  Conqueror,  was  confined  for  twenty-eight 
years  by  his  brother,  Henry  I.,  until  death  gave  him  release — his  chief  crime  being  the  fact 
that  as  elder  brother  he  had  a  prior  claim  to  Henry  to  the  throne  of  England. 

Cardiff  is  not  a  town  which  can  be  easily  conceived  of  as  the  centre  of  a  district 
abounding  in  genteel  families  ;  nor  have  the  commercial  activity  and  enterprise  of  the  place, 
with  all  the  successful  energy  they  display,  had  time  as  yet  to  result  in  the  founding  of  many 
great  estates.  The  country  around,  however,  if  we  take  a  circuit  of  a  few  miles,  contains  a 
large  proportion  of  ancient  houses  and  venerable  manors,  whose  proprietors  are  the  direct 
descendants  of  the  early  nobilcs  and  honesti  of  Morgamvg,  and  whose  fortunes  have  been 
improved  by  the  noble  strides  of  commerce  only  as  their  acres,  under  its  stimulating  influence, 
have  grown  in  value.  The  rich  lands  of  "  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan  "  (dyffryn  Morganwg} — 
a  phrase  broadly  applied  to  the  lowlands  of  this  county,  even  where  no  "  vale,"  strictly 
speaking,  has  existence — favoured  extensive  settlements,  and  yielded  wealth  long  ages  before 
the  subterranean  treasures  of  the  hill  country  and  the  new  energies  of  railways  had  been 
developed. 

Perhaps  no  part  of  Wales  or  of  England  abounds  more  in  families  and  spots  of  distinction 
than  does  the  district  between  the  river  Rhumney  below  Caerphilly,  and  Aberavon.  Near 
the  Rhumney  is  the  ancient  mansion  and  demesne  of  Cefn  Mabley  (see  Kcmeys-Tynte  of 
Cefn-Mabley'),  for  situation  and  historic  interest  a  place  standing  foremost  in  these  parts ; 
nearer  Cardiff  is  Llanrhumney  Hall ;  near  Castell  Coch,  in  the  fertile  Vale  of  Taff,  is  Green 
Meadow  (see  Lewis  of  Green  Meadou>)  ;  Velindra,  the  seat  of  T.  W.  Booker,  Esq.  ;  and  nigh  at 
hand  the  more  recent  mansion  and  park  of  The  Heath  (  Wyndham  Lavis,  Esq.).  Near  Penarth, 
to  the  south-west  of  Cardiff,  is  Cogan,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Herberts  de  Cogan,  ancestors 
of  the  present  Marquis  of  Bute,  and  still  belonging  to  his  lordship's  estate,  now  occupied  by 
J.  Stewart  Corbett,  Esq. :  in  the  venerable  neighbourhood  of  Dinas  Powis  is  Cwrtyrala,  the 
beautiful  seat  of  Col.  G.  G.  Rous  ;  and  within  a  mile  or  two  of  each  other,  and  of  the  place 
last  mentioned,  are  Wenvoe  Castle,  until  lately  the  seat  of  R.  F.  L.  Jenner,  Esq. ;  Dyffryn 
(see  Bruce  Pryce  of  Dyffryii) ;  Coedriglan,  the  residence  in  former  times  of  the  Trahemes 
but  now  of  G.  W.  Thomas,  Esq.  ;  Cottrell,  the  residence  of  Lady  Tyler,  widow  of  Admiral 
Sir  Charles  Tyler  (see  Tyler  of  Cottrell};  Bonvilston  House  (Richard  Basset,  Esq.),  which, 
with  the  village  of  which  it  forms  a  part,  bears  a  name  which  carries  us  back  to  the  settlement 
of  the  Norman  adventurers  in  these  parts.  The  little  stream  of  Cenfon,  rising  near  Bonvilston, 
leading  us  down  towards  its  junction  with  the  Daw,  near  Aberddaw,  brings  us  b>  Llancarvan, 
celebrated  as  the  birthplace  of  Caradoc,  writer  of  the  Brut  y  Tywysogion  which  goes 
by  his  name,  and  soon  afterwards  into  view  of  the  great  castle  of  Fonmon — a  structure  only 
second  in  extent  and  interest  in  this  county  to  St.  Donat's  Castle,  not  far  distant,  but  much 
modernized  in  appearance  by  repairs  and  alterations  (see  Jones  of  Fonmon  Castle). 

Near  the  shore  is  situated  Porthkerry,  the  residence  of  Mr.  Romilly ;  and  four  miles 
directly  north,  Llantrithyd  Park  and  village,  where  there  is  an  ancient  but  dilapidated  seat, 
once  belonging  to  Sir  Thomas  Digby  Aubrey,  Bart.,  and  said  to  have  been  first  built  in  the 


464 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


time  of  Henry  VI. ;  Ihe  churchyard  was  long  famous  for  a  magnificent  yew  tree,  said  to 
measure  nearly  twenty  feet  in  girth,  which  was  some  years  ago  injured  by  a  hurricane  (see 
Tyler  of  Llantrithyd). 

Further  north,  in  the  direction  of  the  ancient  town  of  Llantrisant,  perched  on  a  hill,  we 
descry  the  turrets  of  another  of  the  great  mansions  of  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan,  Hensol  Castle, 
recently  the  residence  of  Rowland  Fothergill,  Esq.,  lately  deceased,  and  now  of  his  sister, 
Miss  Fothergill. 


HENSOL  CASTLE  (from  a  photograph). 

This  noble  building  is  not  to  be  ranked  among  the  ancient  castles  of  Glamorganshire,  but 
is  of  comparatively  recent  date.  It  was  built  by  Lord  Chancellor  Talbot,  elevated  to  that 
office  and  created  Baron  Hensol  1723,  descended  from  the  Talbots,  Earls  of  Shrewsbury,  and 
son  of  William  Talbot,  Lord  Bishop  of  Durham.  Before  the  Talbots  the  old  family  of 
Jenkins  had  been  proprietors  of  Hensol  (see  Jenkins  of  Hmsol  in  "  Old  and  Extinct 
Families"),  one  of  whom  was  David  Jenkins,  Esq.,  described  in  old  documents  as  "  Coun- 
sellor at  Law,  and  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Western  Circuit  of  Wales  in  the  reign  of  King 
Charles  I.,"  who  had  as  wife  Cecil  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Aubrey,  Kt,  of  Llantrithyd.  Lord 
Talbot  married  a  granddaughter  of  the  last  David  Jenkins  of  Hensol,  and  so  inherited  the 
estate.  The  mansion  was  improved  by  the  second  Lord  Talbot,  son  of  the  chancellor,  who 
added  two  wings  and  towers  about  1735,  and  it  is  believed  that  from  him  the  estate  was 
eventually  purchased  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Hall,  Chancellor  of  Llandaff,  ancestor  of  the  late  Sir 
Benjamin  Hall,  created  Lord  Llanover  (see  Llanover,  Baron,  of  Llanover),  whose  family  was 
succeeded  at  Hensol  by  the  Crawshays,  who  were  themselves  followed  by  the  present 
possessors.  The  view  of  the  mansion  here  given,  is  from  a  photograph,  but  the  artist  has 
changed  it  into  a  moonlight  scene. 

Near  Hensol  Castle  is  Miskin  Manor  (see   Williams  of  Miskin),  a  recently  erected 
mansion,  but  standing  on  an  estate  of  much  antiquity.      Early  in  the  thirteenth  century, 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE.  465 

Frees,  of  Miskin,  (according  to  a  MS.  edited  by  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  of  Middlehill,) 
fifth  in  descent  from  Einion  ap  Collwyn,  "  Lord  of  Miskin,"  who  married  Nest,  daughter  of 
Jestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  temp.  William  the  Conqueror,  was  owner  of  this 
manor.  Near  Llantrisant  is  Llanelay,  the  residence  of  Major  Vaughan  H.  Lee  ;  Llanharan 
House  (late  J.  B.  Jenkins,  Esq.)  ;  on  the  high  road  to  Bridgend  is  Tregroes,  the  property  of 
J.  B.  D.  Thomas,  Esq. ;  and  towards  Cowbridge,  Ash  Hall  (late  Captain  Owen). 

The  fair  and  fertile  country  around  Cowbridge  abounds  in  genteel  and  ancient  residences. 
The  name  of  Beaupre  (beau,  fair,  pre,  meadow)  carries  us  back  at  once  to  Norman  name- 
givers;  and  the  remains  of  the  old  castle  of  Beaupre,  to  which,  and  the  legends  concerning 
it,  reference  must  further  be  made  in  our  antiquarian  section,  still  remain,  grey  and  solitary, 
to  testify  of  the  age  of  this  estate  ;  but  the  present  family  residence  of  the  Bassets,  though 
still  situated  in  a  "  fair  meadow,"  is  on  a  different  spot  (see  Basset  of  Beaupre).  St.  Hilary, 
with  a  church  restored  with  great  taste,  and,  it  is  said,  with  certain  pre-Reformation  pro- 
clivities, is  a  village  of  mansions  as  much  as  of  cottages  and  farmsteads.  Here  is  the 
residence  of  Mrs.  Traherne,  formerly  of  Coedriglan,  and  also  that  of  George  Montgomery 
Traherne,  Esq.  (see  Trahe rttf  of  St.  Hilary}.  Llanblethian,  or  St.  Quintin  Castle,  and  Llan- 
dough  Castle  (Rev.  T.  Stacey),  are  beautifully  situated,  commanding  extensive  prospects  of  a 
picturesque,  well-wooded,  and  cultured  country.  The  little  church  of  Llandough  has  recently 
been  restored  according  to  the  reviving  mediaeval  taste,  and  though  small,  is  furnished  with 
several  appliances  not  usual  in  Protestant  churches.  Penlline  Castle,  boldly  situated,  is 
another  of  the  residences  of  these  parts  which  combine  the  past  and  the  present  in  their 
history  (see  Homfray  of  Penlline  Castle').  Near  at  hand  is  Penlline  Court  (see  Salmon  of 
Penlline  Court),  and  Colwinstone,  the  residence  of  H.  de  Burgh  Thomas,  Esq.  Near  the  sea 
is  the  village  and  church  of  Llantwit-major  (Llanilltyd-fawr),  one  of  the  most  venerable 
spots  in  Wales,  the  seat  for  many  ages  of  an  important  college,  founded,  or  restored,  in  the 
sixth  century,  by  the  learned  Illtyd  (Iltutus).  To  this  place  we  must  recur  in  treating  of  the 
antiquities  of  Glamorganshire.  The  mansion  of  Ham  (see  Nicholl  of  Ham}  is  in  this  vicinity  ; 
and  within  a  short  distance  is  Dimlands  Castle,  one  of  the  residences  of  J.  W.  Nicholl-Carne, 
Esq.,  D.C.L.  (see  Niclwll-Carne  of  St.  Donafs  Castle}. 

On  the  cliff,  keeping  guard  of  the  Channel  and  of  a  small  creek  washed  by  the  tide, 
stands  the  hoary  and  romantic  pile,  St.  Donafs  Castle,  one  of  the  great  centres  of  power  and 
activity  in  the  county  of  Glamorgan  during  several  centuries.  This  venerable  place  belongs 
as  much  to  antiquity  as  to  modern  times,  and  as  such  will  be  further  noticed  in  our  section' 
on  Antiquities ;  but  as  its  present  enterprising  lord  has  devoted  some  years  and  a  large 
expenditure  in  its  repair  and  restoration,  and  converted  it  into  a  modern  residence,  without, 
however,  marring  its  ancient  features,  we  cannot  choose  but  refer  to  it  briefly  here  as 
we  pass. 

The  site  on  which  St.  Donat's  Castle  stands,  though  bold,  is  not  lofty ;  it  slopes  gently 
towards  the  creek,  and  is  just  high  enough  to  overlook  a  little  church  belonging  at  once  to 
the  castle  and  to  its  parish,  situated  in  a  narrow  and  pretty  dell  leading  down  to  the  tide. 
The  restorer  of  the  castle  has  not  been  unmindful  of  the  church ;  for  this,  dedicated  to 
Dunawd  (the  origin  of  St.  Donat's),  with  a  beautiful  cross  standing  in  the  churchyard,  has 
been  carefully  and  tastefully  restored — the  monuments  of  the  Stradling  family,  the  ancient 
possessors,  and  others,  the  windows  and  decorations,  having  had  pious  care  bestowed  upon 


466  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

them.  The  opposite  side  of  the  dell  is  crossed  by  a  ruined  watch-tower  (figured  in  the 
engraving),  some  fifty  feet  high,  which  in  the  olden  time  was  used  both  to  survey  the  Channel 
for  any  approaching  enemy,  and  the  neighbouring  shore  for  the  frequent  wrecks  which  fell 
upon  it.  The  walls  of  the  ancient  deer-park,  ivy  and  lichen  covered,  and  of  vast  extent, 
still  survive,  struggling  with  decay,  and  assist  to  tell  of  the  scale  of  magnificence  which  once 
distinguished  St.  Donat's. 


ST.   DONAT'S  GASTLK  :  THE  SEAT  OF  J.  \V.  NICHOLI.-CARNK,  lisg.,  D.C.L.' 

We  have  already  referred  to  the  grandeur  of  the  precipitous  coast  which  extends  between 
Barry  Island  westward  to  St.  Donat's,  and  much  more  might  be  said  of  its  terribleness 
to  the  mariner,  as  well  as  its  sublimity  to  the  tourist  spectator,  and  scientific  interest  to  the 
geologist  and  naturalist.  (See  further  Geology  of  Glamorganshire.)  At  St.  Donat's  the 
elevation  of  the  coast  becomes  more  moderate,  degenerating  as  it  turns  north-westward 
beyond  Nash  Point,  by  Dunraven,  and  towards  Porth-Cawl  into  frequent  reaches  of  dreary 
sand-hillocks  alternating  with  a  rocky  shore,  but  everywhere  enclosing  an  inland  region  of 
rich  pasture  diversified  with  dingles,  glades,  and  woodland,  and  abounding  with  old  parish 
churches  and  homesteads,  monastic  ruins  and  crosses,  that  would  enrich  the  portfolios  of  the 
artist  and  the  pages  of  the  annalist.  Right  on  the  coast,  like  St.  Donat's,  is  perched 
Dunraven  Castle,  with  its  park  and  appurtenances,  to  which  further  reference  shall  be  made 
elsewhere  (see  Dunraven,  Lord,  of  Dunraven).  In  the  near  neighbourhood  is  Clementston 
Hall  (Mr.  Franklen)  ;  and  nearer  Bridgend  the  venerable  and  most  interesting  ruins  of 
Ewenny  Abbey,  founded  A.U.  1140,  and  the  'contiguous  residence  of  the  same  name  of 
Picton  Turbervill,  Esq.  (see  Turbervill  of  Ewenny).  These  stand  on  flat  ground  on  the  margin 
of  the  Wemvy  stream.  Merthyr  Mawr,  the  residence  of  J.  C.  Nicholl,  Esq.,  a  place  of  long 
and  high  standing,  lies  on  the  Ogmore  ;  and  at  a  short  distance  down  the  stream,  which  runs 
here  through  a  fair  woodland  country,  is  Ogmore  Castle— more,  correctly  called  by  Leland 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE.  467 

Ogor  Castle, — the  ruin  of  an  ancient  place  of  strength,  anterior  in  origin  to  the  Fitzhamon 
conquest  of  Glamorgan,  but  probably  commemorating  in  its  existing  remains  the  fortress 
built  by  William  de  Londres.  In  the  time  of  Leland  this  castle  was  nearly  whole. 

To  the  west  of  the  Ogmore  (or  Ogwr)  river  lie  Tythegstone  Court  (see  Knight  of 
Tythegstone),  a.  house  whose  interior  and  exterior  alike  afford  signs  of  considerable  age  ; 
Nottage  Court  (see  Knight  of  Nottage  Court)  ;  Tymaen  (Mr.  Bayley),  a  place  whose  features 
suggest  a  history  and  some  ecclesiastical  relations  in  the  past ;  nearer  Bridgend,  Laleston 
House ;  and  Court  Coleman,  the  residence  of  W.  Llewelyn,  Esq. ;  further  to  the  north,  not  far 
from  the  romantic  Coity  Castle,  Coytre/ien,  the  residence  of  Alexander  Brogden,  Esq.,  M.P.  ; 
and  Tondu  House,  the  residence  of  James  Brogden,  Esq.  Near  at  hand  are  the  great  iron- 
works of  Tondu.  From  the  elevated  down  of  Newton,  towards  the  sea,  a  magnificent  view 
is  obtained  of  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan,  the  Bristol  Channel,  the  English  coast  opposite, 
Swansea  Bay,  and  the  rugged  cliffs  of  Gower  — a  view  which  for  extent,  variety,  and 
grandeur  is  seldom  surpassed.  North-west,  beyond  Pyle,  we  come  to  the  great  manor  of 
Margam  Park,  the  superb  seat  of  C.  R.  M.  Talbot,  Esq.,  M.P.,  and  Margam  Abbey,  to 
which  attention  will  be  called  in  another  section. 

We  have  now  visited  most  of  the  mansions  of  the  leading  families  of  the  Vale  of 
Glamorgan,  and  the  historic  lands  lying  between  Cardiff  and  Margam,  and  between  the  line 
of  the  South  Wales  Railway  and  the  sea,  with  some  others.  It  will  be  convenient  in  the  next 
place  to  cast  a  glance  at  the  chief  spots  of  domestic  and  scenic  interest  in  the  Vale  of  Taff 
and  the  "  hill  country,"  before  our  survey  is  extended  further  to  West  Glamorganshire. 
From  Cardiff  to  Bridgend  we  have  encountered  no  valley  or  stream  of  any  size,  no  bold 
elevations  of  the  surface,  no  rugged  rocks  or  cataracts  ;  but  in  spite  of  this  drawback  to  the 
searcher  after  the  picturesque,  we  have  everywhere  witnessed  beautiful,  and  even  in  many 
places  enchanting  scenery.  The  pastures  are  rich  and  the  air  balmy.  The  villages  of  this 
region,  too,  are  themselves  a  study,  displaying  as  they  do  an  air  of  cleanliness,  comfort,  and 
competence,  associated  with  many  delightful  antique  features  in  gabled  roof,  arched  doorway, 
and  projecting  chimney-place,  quite  delightful  to  witness.  In  good  roads,  favoured  by  the 
abounding  limestone,  the  district  is  pre-eminent.  The  farmhouses  seem  to  indicate  a  strong 
and  prosperous  tenantry ;  and  probably  much  of  the  restless  and  idle  population  is  drained 
away  into  the  congenial  mining  and  manufacturing  "  black  country,"  already  plethoric  of 
such  materials— to  the  advantage  of  the  peace,  if  not  also  the  rates  of  the  parishes.  On  the 
whole,  few  agricultural  districts  of  Wales,  and  not  many  of  England,  can  compare  advan- 
tageously with  this  southern  side  of  Glamorganshire. 

Returning  to  the  Vale  of  Taff,  whose  physical  beauty  and  historic  associations  are  now 
in  danger  of  being  driven  out  of  memory  by  the  whirl  of  its  railways  and  mining  machinery, 
we  at  once  come  upon  a  spot  which  has  a  special  fascination  to  the  annalist  and  anti- 
quarian, and  withal  to  the  moralist  and  Christian.  Llandaff  (the  church  on  the  Taff)  for  a 
thousand  years  before  railways  or  the  coal  bed  of  Glamorganshire  had  been  dreamed  of 
was  a  place  of  celebrity  throughout  Britain  and  the  whole  of  Christendom.  Here,  however, 
it  is  not  meet  to  divert  our  course  to  trace  its  history  or  describe  its  antiquities — sketches  of 
these  shall  elsewhere  be  introduced, — but  simply  to  mark  its  place,  illustrate  its  cathedral, 
and  mention  the  chief  houses  of  its  neighbourhood.  Llandaff  Cathedral,  recently  restored 


468 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


with  a  taste,  talent,  and  profusion  of  outlay  rarely  equalled  in  such  works,  was  a  few  years 
ago  a  mere  temple  in  ruins — a  convincing  proof  of  the  strange  indifference  of  the  Established 
Church  in  Wales  to  its  own  interest  and  the  welfare  of  the  population.  The  bishop  and  the 
chapter  had  their  ample  incomes,  the  gentry  of  the  land  and  the  great  mining  and  manu- 
facturing proprietors  lived  in  wealth  and  luxury,  while  the  chief  church  of  the  diocese  lay 
roofless  and  in  desolation.  At  last  shame  and  a  sense  of  duty  prevailed,  and  in  1839  a 


LLANDAFF  CATHEDRAL — WESTERN  FRONT  (from  a  photograph  l/y  Bedford). 

commencement  was  made  in  the  restoration  of  the  cathedral.  As  shown  below,  the  work 
went  on  and  prospered,  so  that  in  1869  a  festival  of  commemoration  was  held,  when  the 
sacred  building,  which  had  grown  up  from  the  dust  of  ages  under  the  superintendence  of 
Mr.  Prichard  and  Mr.  J.  P.  Seddon,  architects,  appeared  as  delineated  in  our  engravings, 
faithfully  drawn  from  first-class  photographs. 

The  first  impulse  to  the  movement  was  given  in  1839  by  Canon  Douglas,  and  "  the  east 
window  of  the  lady  chapel,  due  to  his  bounty" — we  quote  from  the  speech  of  the  Very 
Rev.  Dean  Williams  at  the  Commemoration  Festival,  July  13,  1869, — "was  the  commence- 
ment of  that  work  which  had  -moved  steadily  on  since  that  time  from  the  eastern  to  the 
western  end.  Bruce  Knight,  then  chancellor  of  the  diocese  and  of  the  church,  gathered 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION:     LLANDAKE  CATHEDRAL. 


469 


subscriptions  and  completed  the  restoration  of  the  lady  chapel  ;  and  when  a  meeting  was 
assembled  in  1843  to  present  him  with  a  testimonial  on  his  appointment  to  the  deanery, 
which  after  the  lapse  of  centuries  he  was  the  first  to  fill,  the  Rev.  George  Thomas,  who  had 
subscribed  handsomely  towards  the  restoration  of  the  lady  chapel,  suggested  the  further 
prosecution  of  the  work  of  restoration,  and  promised  his  own  liberal  aid.  Bishop  Copleston 
gave  his  hearty  assent  to  the  proposal,  and  contributed  largely  to  the  fund.  Bruce  Knight, 


LLANDAFF  CATHEDRAL— SOUTHERN  SIDE,  WITH  THE  CHAPTERHOUSE  (from  a  fhoto^raph  fy  Bat/orf. 

however,  though  one  of  his  last  acts  was  to  make  a  vigorous  effort  to  raise  funds  to  carry 
this  suggestion  out,  was  not  permitted  to  see  the  undertaking  actually  begun,  but  in  1845 
he  bequeathed  its  execution  to  his  (Dean  Williams')  immediate  predecessor,  Dean  Cony- 
beare,  who  to  his  many  and  varied  acquirements  added  a  thorough  knowledge  of  architecture, 
and  under  his  auspices  it  was  carried  on  until  1857,  at  a  cost,  from  the  commencement,  of 
about  ^9,000." 

"The  Bishop  of  Oxford  then  came  amongst  them  when  they  met  to  celebrate  the  restora- 
tion of  that  portion  of  the  cathedral  which,  though  disfigured  by  the  hand  of  man  [by 
unskilful  and  unsightly  repairs],  had  not  been  left,  like  the  western  end,  roofless  and  ruined, 
for  time  and  storm  to  work  their  will."  On  that  occasion  Mr.  Williams  (not  yet  a  dean), 

2      I 


47°  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

under  the  impress  of  the  bishop's  eloquent  address,  made  a  proposal  that  further  progress 
should  be  made  in  the  noble  work,  and  was  astonished  to  find  the  readiness  with  which 
promises  of  support  were  made.  ,£3,000  in  various  sums  was  promised  on  the  spot.  Soon 
Conybeare  died,  and  Dean  Williams  was  installed  in  his  place.  He  carried  on  the  improve- 
ment with  vigour.  The  outlay  in  the  aggregate  amounted  to  ,£30,000 — a  sum  the  smallness 
of  which,  when  compared  with  the  amount  and  exquisite  beauty  of  the  work  done,  must 
strike  with  surprise  every  one  at  all  conversant  with  the  cost  of  restoring  large  ecclesiastical 
buildings.  The  dean  in  reference  to  this  question  was  bold  in  the  same  address  to  say, 
that  "amid  the  many  restorations  of  the  present  day,  theirs  stood  unexampled  and  un- 
rivalled in  skill ;  for  in  no  other  cathedral  was  one-half  the  structure  an  utter  roofless  ruin  ; 
in  no  other  were  choir  and  organ  gone,  a  few  broken  pipes  of  an  instrument,  given  by  the 
Lady  Kemeys,  of  Cefn  Mabley,  baing  all  that  remained  of  the  latter  in  1717,  as  they  gathered 
from  the  record  of  Browne  Willis ;  while,  in  place  of  the  former,  the  musical  portion  of  the 
service  was  long  left  to  the  voices  of  the  school  children,  under  the  leading  of  the  bass  viol 
of  their  master.  In  no  other  cathedral  had  the  residence  of  canons  ceased  or  the  daily 
service  been  suppressed.  In  no  other  cathedral  had  the  library  of  the  chapter  been 
dispersed,  and  some  of  it  burnt,  as  theirs  had  been  in  the  civil  war,  when,  as  Browne 
Willis  said,  the  cavaliers  of  the  country,  and  the  wives  of  several  sequestered  clergymen, 
were  invited  in  bitter  mockery  to  the  castle  of  Cardiff  by  the  rebels,  on  a  cold  winter's 
day,  to  warm  themselves  by  the  fire  which  was  then  made  with  a  heap  of  Common  Prayer 
Books  as  well  as  a  portion  of  their  collection." 

Touching  wisely  on  the  question  of  the  possible  disestablishment  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  the  doubts  of  some  as  to  the  effect  of  that  event  on  the  welfare  of  the  Church, 
the  Dean  said  "  he,  for  one,  should  not  despair  of  her  position.  He  dared  not  for  an 
instant  doubt  that  the  same  large-hearted  liberality  which  had  at  such  a  cost  restored  their 
own  cathedral  would  maintain  it  still ;  but  even  if  he  were  mistaken  in  that  thought,  he  would 
not  grudge  one  farthing  of  the  cost.  Let  Macaulay's  fabulous  New  Zealander,  when,  at  some 
distant  day,  standing  on  the  broken  bridge  which  once  spanned  the  broad  waters  of  the 
Thames,  he  had  sketched  the  ruins  of  St.  Paul's,  within  whose — 

'  Holy  precincts  lie 

Ashes  which  make  it  holier,  dust  which  is 
E'en  in  itself  an  immortality," 

travel  on,  and  from  the  narrow  arch  which  crossed  their  little  stream  [the  TafF]  view  their 
lowlier  structure  (if  it  was  to  be  so)  again  a  mouldering  ruin,  he  might  still  find  sermons  in 
stones.  They  might  tell  him  that  there  had  been  men  in  the  smallest  as  in  the  largest  city 
in  the  land,  who  had  learned  to  honour  God  with  their  bravest  and  with  their  best.  And 
might  he  not  imbibe  a  little  of  that  spirit  too,  and  returning  to  his  own  distant  home,  seek  to 
raise  there  a  temple  in  its  beauty  and  proportions  meet  for  the  service  of  God,  catching  from 
them,  as  they  had  caught  from  their  forefathers,  a  taste  and  grace  in  religious  art  which  was 
once  well-nigh  lost  amongst  them  ?  " 

The  long  desolation  of  Llandaff  Cathedral  brought  sad  havoc,  as  a  matter  of  necessity, 
upon  the  necrological  monuments  of  the  place,  some  of  which  were  of  great  antiquity.  Many 
totally  disappeared  ;  many  others  were  defaced  and  broken ;  and  in  the  rearrangement  of  the 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  :    LLANDAFF  CATHEDRAL.  471 

mural  tablets  and  tombs  some  were  misplaced.  Even  comparatively  recent  tombs  have  been 
removed  from  their  proper  locality.  Thus  the  magnificent  marble  sarcophagus  erected  over 
the  grave  of  Benjamin  Hall,  Esq.,  of  Hensol  Castle  (see  Hensol  Castle),  and  of  Abercarn, 
Mon.,  a  man  of  distinguished  character  and  public  service,  father  of  the  late  Right  Hon. 
Lord  Llanover,  which  bore  the  following  inscription  :  — "  In  a  vault  near  this  place  are  disposed 
the  remains  of  Benjamin  Hall,  Esq.,  of  Hensol  Castle,  M.P.  for  this  county,  who  died  3  ist  July, 
1817,  aged  39.  To  record  the  high  sense  they  entertained  of  his  industry,  talent,  and 
integrity,  and  as  a  tribute  due  to  the  man  whose  life  was  sacrificed  to  the  zealous  discharge  of 
his  public  duties,  this  monument  was  erected  by  a  considerable  body  of  the  nobility,  clergy, 
gentry,  and  freeholders  of  the  county  of  Glamorgan," — has  been  unfortunately  removed  to 
another  part  of  the  nave,  and  no  longer  indicates  the  spot  where  the  remains  were  laid. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  cathedral  has  no  transepts,  and  that  the  only  break  in  the 
straight  lateral  line  of  its  exterior  is  caused  by  the  projection  of  the  western  towers,  and  on 
the  southern  side  by  the  beautiful  octagonal  chapterhouse.  The  delicate  ornamental  work 
of  the  upper  part  of  the  towers,  with  their  exquisitely  modelled  turrets  and  spire,  are  the 
admiration  of  all  beholders  ;  and  the  contrast  which  the  cathedral  in  its  present  aspect  supplies 
to  what  it  was  after  certain  alterations  and  barbarous  decorations  in  1751  is  complete. 
Mr.  Barber  describes  the  result  of  those  earlier  misjudged  alterations  and  "  improvements  "  as 
follows  : — "  On  the  chancel  falling  to  decay  a  great  sum  was  expended  in  raising  the  present 
church  upon  the  old  stock  ;  but  surely  such  an  absence  of  taste  and  common  sense  was  never 
before  instanced.  Beneath  the  solemn  towers  has  been  engrafted  an  Italian  fantastic  summer- 
house  elevation,  with  a  Venetian  window,  Ionic  pilasters,  and  flower-pot  jars  upon  the  parapet. 
The  same  sort  of  window  is  coupled  with  the  elegant  line  of  the  ornamented  Gothic  in  other 
parts  of  the  structure,  and  within,  a  huge  building,  upon  the  model  of  a  heathen  temple, 
surrounds  the  altar,  which  with  two  thrones  darken  and  fill  up  nearly  half  the  church."  It 
was  well,  at  all  events,  that  ruin  should  lay  its  hands  upon  such  intrusive  malformations 
as  these. 


In  the  fertile  undulating  district  around  Llandaft  are  many  residences  of  the  gentry 
besides  those  of  the  bishop  and  dean,  and  other  dignified  clergy  immediately  associated  with 
the  cathedral.  It  may  be  noted  in  passing  that  the  restorations  at  Llandaff  included  a  series 
of  important  buildings  subordinate  to  the  cathedral,  all  in  a  substantial  and  tasteful  style, — 
such  as  the  deanery  and  canons'  residences.  In  the  close  neighbourhood  is  Rookwood,  the 
residence  of  Col.  F.  E.  Hill,  Fainvater  (E.  W.  David,  Esq.),  and  the  new  mansion  of  J.  H. 
Insole,  Esq.  About  a  mile  to  the  north-west  is  Radir,  the  residence,  in  ancient  times,  of  the 
Mathew  family,  ranking  in  the  sixteenth  century  with  the  Kemeys  of  Cefn-Mabley,  Herberts 
of  Cogan,  Bassets  of  Beaupre,  and  Carnes  of  Ewenny.  Near  Ely  is  Highmead  (Frederick 
Vachell,  Esq.). 

Passing  Greenmeadow  and  Velindra  (more  correctly  Felindre),  already  noticed,  and  making 
our  way  up  the  romantic  Vale  of  Taflf  by  Castdl  Coch  towards  the  town  of  Pontypridd,  where  the 
united  volume  of  the  two  Rhondda  streams  joins  the  Taff,  we  enter  a  district  where  natural 
beauty  in  valley  and  wooded  heights,  green  glades  and  laughing  streamlets,  is  waging  hottest  war 
with  the  grimy  and  victorious  giants  of  coal  and  iron,  their  miles  of  rubbish-heaps,  dingy  and 
polluted  atmosphere.  On  the  right,  turning  up  to  have  a  glance  at  the  wonderful  ruin  of 


472 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Caerphilly  Castle,  we  pass  the  mansion  of  Dyffryn  Ffruid  (Evan  Williams,  Esq.),  and  soon 
behold  in  the  distance,  amid  bleak  hills,  and  in  a  swampy  hollow,  the  village  of  Caerphilly, 
and  its  hoary  frowning  castle,  once  the  centre  of  mighty  transactions  for  the  weal  or  woe 
of  Morganwg  (see  Caerphilly  Castle).  Near  this  place  was  Van,  the  ancient  seat  of  the 
Lewises  ;  Energlyn  and  Llanbradach,  also  the  homes  in  succession  of  several  persons  of 
position.  The  surface  of  this  country  is  generally  uninviting,  but  from  the  elevated  parts 
wide  and  enchanting  prospects  are  brought  to  view,  both  across  the  undulating  plains  of 
Monmouthshire,  whose  border  skirts  Caerphilly,  and  to  the  south-east  and  south-west  over 
the  fair  lands  of  Glamorgan.  The  plateau,  of  Eglwysilan  is  one  of  the  best  positions  from 
which  to  survey  the  general  aspect  of  the  surrounding  region ;  it  brings  under  the  eye  in  the 


PONTYPRIDD  BRIDGE:  W.  EDWARDS,  BUILDER,  1755. 


varied  picture  the  quiet  and  sombre  but  magnificent  ruin  of  the  great  castle  below,  the 
numerous  stacks  of  collieries  and  iron-works,  the  lines  of  railways  with  their  creeping  trains, 
and  the  far-extending  and  diversified  landscape,  with  the  clusters  of  groves  and  the  green 
and  tufted  parks  which  mark  the  positions  of  the  better  class  of  mansions.  From  these  elevated 
lands  the  eye  sweeps  the  Bristol  Channel,  the  Somerset  coast,  the  lands  of  Gwent  towards 
Newport,  Usk,  and  Pontypool,  the  distant  line  of  the  Black  Mountains  of  Carmarthenshire, 
and  the  dim  outline  of  the  Brecknockshire  Beacons ;  and,  nearer  at  hand,  the  broken  but 
sweet  little  valleys  of  the  Rhondda  Fach  and  Rhondda  Fawr,  rich  in  the  better  sort  of  steam 
coal,  and  latterly  sadly  distinguished  for  disastrous  coal-pit  explosions. 

Pontypridd  was  long  known  only  for  its  ornamental  environment  of  enchanting  land- 
scape, and  the  one-arch  bridge,  of  140  feet  span,  built  by  W.  Edwards,  and  considered 
at  the  time  the  largest  span  in  Europe.  It  crosses  the  Tafif  at  a  place  which,  before  the 
little  village  grew  into  a  town,  must  have  set  it  off  as  a  striking  and  impressive  object;  but 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION:    ABERDARE  AND  MERTHYR.  473 

the  effect  is  now  damaged  by  another  bridge  of  low  elevation,  for  heavy  traffic,  running 
close  beside  it. 

The  Valley  of  Aberdare,  further  up,  has  become  a  trough,  full  of  human  beings,  as  its 
bottom,  deep  underground,  is  full  of  superior  steam  coal.  When  Malkin  visited  these 
parts  there  was  but  a  small  straggling  village  here.  The  deep  underground  wealth  as  yet 
lay  quietly  undiscovered,  and  but  a  few  scratches  on  the  surface  gave  Aberdare  and  Hirwaun 
a  scanty  supply  of  coal.  Now  the  bowels  of  the  earth  are  torn  out  and  thrown  on  the 
surface ;  the  sides  of  the  mountains  are  rent,  and  made  to  pour  out  hills  of  swarthy 
rubbish  ;  trains  that  seem  of  interminable  length  are  ever  conveying  towards  the  sea  the 
coal  and  iron  extracted  from  these  cavernous  depths  for  the  behoof  of  all  lands  ;  Cyclopean 
"  works  "  are  everywhere  smoking,  burning,  hammering,  melting,  smelting,  and  moulding. 
At  certain  hours,  the  "  pits,"  all  but  bottomless,  belch  out  their  myriads  of  grimy,  blackened 
human  forms,  each  with  a  Davy  lamp  in  hand,  who  hasten  to  their  humble  homes  to  wash, 
feed,  and  rest.  In  great  counting-houses,  rows  of  clerks  record  and  cast  up  results  and 
profits;  and  somewhere  or  other  estates  are  bought  and  "families"  are  founded.  A  new 
world  of  industry,  a  great  population,  have  started  up  within  thirty  years.  In  this  neigh- 
bourhood are  Dyffryn,fo&  residence  of  the  Right  Hon.  H.  A.  Bruce  (see  Bruce  of  Dyffryn) ; 
Abernant  House,  the  residence  of  Richard  Fothergill,  Esq.,  M.P. ;  Aberaman  House  (late 
Crawshay  Baily,  Esq.) ;  Maesyffynon  (David  Davis,  Esq.)  ;  Llwydcoed  (Rees  H.  Rhys,  Esq.) ; 
Penderyn,  in  Breconshire  (Rev.  C.  Maybery) ;  and  several  others  of  good  standing. 

But  the  true  centre  of  the  "  black  country  "  of  Glamorganshire,  where  all  its  features 
assume  their  most  developed  and  impressive  forms,  is  Merthyr  Tydfil.  Here,  too,  amid 
wild  and  barren  hills,  cold,  dismal,  forbidding,  the  genius  of  fire,  smoke,  and  mechanical 
violence  has,  if  possible,  a  more  congenial  home.  Nature  here  seems  to  have  sacrificed  all 
her  external  ornaments  to  lay  up  wealth  for  the  ages  to  come  in  her  deep  subterranean 
coffers.  The  surface  soil  is  lean  and  clayey,  pinching  the  life  out  of  plant  and  animal,  and 
making  one  wonder  what  kind  of  inhabitants  these  regions  nurtured  before  the  days  of 
mining  and  manufacturing  came  round.  Now  the  hand  of  art  brightens  many  spots  on 
the  surface  with  wealth  borrowed  from  underground,  and  marvellous  progress  is  made  in 
the  accumulation  of  property  and  inhabitants. 

The  population  of  Merthyr  in  1801,  fifty  years  after  the  mining  and  manufacturing  of 
iron  was  begun  to  be  developed  by  Mr.  Bacon,  was  only  7,705  ;  in  1871  it  had  risen  to  the 
enormous  multitude  of  96,891.  The  great  fortunes  made  necessarily  leave  some  of  their 
traces  on  sunny  slopes  and  sheltered  dingles ;  and  the  industrial  classes  have  within  their 
reach  unwonted  advantages. 

The  great  iron-works  of  Cyfarthfa,  Dowlais,  Penydarren,  "  Plymouth,"  &c.,  give  em^ 
ployment  to  tens  of  thousands  of  men,  women,  and  children,  whose  annual  earnings  amount 
to  fabulous  sums  ;  and  were  it  not  for  the  curse  of  intemperance  and  its  associated  vices, 
this  region,  with  all  its  drawbacks,  might  be  the  home  of  a  human  community  marked 
by  all  the  elements  of  prosperity  and  happiness — a  physical  Sodom  associated  with  a,  moral 
and  social  paradise.  And  worthy  efforts  are  made  to  counteract  the  'evil  by  the  good. 
Places  of  worship  are  built  by  the  score.  Leading  families  take  active  part  in  the  social 
amelioration.  Schools  of  a  superior  kind  are  actively  encouraged  by  the  great  proprietors, 
as  at  Dowlais  and  Merthyr,  by  direct  personal  effort,  and  not  merely  by  cold  money  con- 


474 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


tributions.  The  battle  to  draw  out  and  refine  the  good  found  in  humanity,  and  to  over- 
come the  stubborn  obstructions  of  evil,  is  almost  as  earnest  as  the  battle  waged  with  the 
rocks  and  mountains  to  extort  from  their  bowels  the  ores  of  iron  and  lead  and  the  jet  of 
coal.  But  it  is  only  almost  as  earnest. 

Near  Merthyr  Tydfil  is  Cyfarthfa  Castle,  the  seat  of  Robert  T.  Crawshay,  Esq.,  a 
structure  whose  spaciousness  and  solidity  well  symbolize  the  magnitude  and  strength  of  the 
commercial  operations  conducted  by  its  proprietors,  and  the  general  character  of  this  iron 
district. 


CYFARTHFA  CASTLE  (from  apholo.  by  R.  T.  Crawshay,  Esq.). 

The  castle  stands  in  sloping  and  extensive  grounds,  well  kept,  whose  greensward  and 
clumps  of  trees  contrast  agreeably  and  strikingly  with  the  scenes  of  grimy  and  Tartarean 
industry  immediately  surrounding  them.  At  the  other  end  of  Merthyr  is  Penydarren  House, 
a  mansion  usually  inhabited  by  some  proprietor  or  agent  of  works  ;  and  a.  little  further  is 
Dowlais  House,  formerly  the  residence  of  Sir  John  Guest,  Bart.,  now  of  G.  T.  Clark,  Esq. 
(see  Clark  of  Dowlais).  Near  Merthyr  also  is  Gwaelod-y-Garth,  the  residence  ot  Richard 
E.  Davies,  Esq.  The  chief  residence  in  Merthyr  in  the  olden  time  was  the  Court  House 
(Thomas  of  Court  House).  At  the  Rectory  is  the  Rev.  John  Griffith,  M.A. 

The  descent  from  the  breezy  and  chilly  heights  of  Hirwaun  (the  long  moorland)  to 
the  Vale  of  Neath  (properly  Nedd)  transports  you  at  once  into  a  region  of  repose  and 
beauty.  From  the  upper  end  of  the  Glamorganshire  part  of  this  valley— a  valley  scarcely 
surpassed  by  any  in  Wales  for  the  lovely  and  picturesque  in  scenery — by  ascending  some  of 
the  higher  knolls  near  the  Cilhepste  cataract,  prospects  of  vast  extent  and  grandeur  are 
obtainable.  The  greater  part  of  the  Vale  of  Neath,  with  its  numerous  sinuosities,  projec- 
tions, lateral  gullies  and  dingles,  and  abrupt  eminences,  Swansea  Bay  and  shipping  in  the 
roadstead,  the  Mumbles,  the  Bristol  Channel,  and  the  coast  of  Somerset,  all  come  to 
view.  The  wildest  and  grandest  parts  of  the  Vale  of  Neath,  however,  are  further  north, 
and  within  the  boundaries  of  Brecknockshire.  In  that  county  are  the  falls  of  the  Hepste 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


475 


and  the  river-tunnel  of  Purf/t-yr-O^of,  while  the  exquisite  scenery  of  Pont-tiedd-fechan  (the 
bridge  of  the  lesser  Nedd)  is  just  on  the  border  of  the  two  counties. 

A  few  miles  down  the  Vale  of  Neath  is  situated  the  venerable  Aberpergwm,  which  has 
been  the  abode  for  many  generations  of  the  Williamses,  a  family  second  to  none  for  its  in- 
telligent patriotism  and  friendly  succour  of  Welsh  literature  (see  Williams,  Aberpergivm}. 


ABEKPEKGWM  :  THE  RESIDENCE  OF  MORGAN  STUART  WILLIAMS,  ESQ.   {from  a  photograph}. 


In  the  broadest  part  of  the  valley,  surrounded  by  fertile  meads  and  wooded  slopes,  is 
the  pretty  mansion  of  Rheola,  lately  the  possession  of  Nash  Edward  Vaughan,  Esq., 
recently  deceased,  now  the  property,  by  inheritance,  of  his  nephew,  Col.  Vaughan  H.  Lee. 
Nearer  Neath  is  Ynysgerwn,  the  residence  of  J.  T.  Dillwyn  Llewelyn,  Esq.  On  the  height 
above  the  smoky  town  of  Neath  is  The  Knoll  (J.  Coke  Fowler,  Esq.),  with  extensive  park 
and  plantations,  and  commanding  views  of  great  expanse  and  beauty,  but  somewhat  marred 
by  intervening  smoke  and  dinginess.  Eaglesbush  is  known  as  having  been  the  long-con- 
tinued abode  of  the  Evanses.  Between  Briton-Ferry  and  Aberavon  is  Baglan  Hall 
(Griffith  Llewelyn,  Esq.).  A  short  distance  north-west  of  Neath  is  situated  the  beautiful  new 
mansion  of  Dyffryn,  the  residence  of  Howel  Gwyn,  Esq.  (see  Gwyn  of  Dyffryii) ;  further 
up  towards  the  hills  we  come  to  Cilybebyll  (Herbert  Lloyd,  Esq.)  ;  and  in  the  near  vicinity 
on  the  river  Tawe  stands  Pontardawe  (William  Gilbertson,  Esq.).  Gwernllwymvith, 
the  seat  of  Charles  Henry  Smith,  Esq.,  lies  near  the  high  road  from  Neath  to  Swansea  ; 
and  Ynystawe,  formerly  occupied  by  Mr.  Martin,  now  by  Mr.  Hughes,  is  situated  in  the 
Vale  of  the  Tawe,  a  small  distance  from  Morristown.  We  now  enter  an  atmosphere  and 
witness  scenes  such  as  scarcely  another  place  in  Britain  could  equal.  This  is  the  copper- 
smelting  district,  far  excellence,  for  the  whole  world.  The  air  you  breathe  is  charged  with 
the  fumes  of  copper.  From  the  monster  chimney-stacks  which  rise  on  every  hand  the 
bluish  smoke  of  the  copper-furnace  escapes,  and  briskly  curls  away  on  its  mission  of 
destruction.  On  the  slopes  around  Swansea  not  a  blade  of  grass  or  any  green  thing  can 


476  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

grow,  while  fortunately  animal  life,  in  man  and  brute,  seems  thriving,  and  at  the  distance  of 
a  mile  or  two  you  are  greeted  by  the  greenest  fields  and  richest  woodland. 

The  wealth  and  great  commercial  enterprise  of  Swansea,  its  ancient  standing  as  a  place 
of  importance,  and  notably  the  exquisite  country  which  lies  on  its  confines  in  the  direction  of 
Mumbles  Head,  have  gathered  into  its  near  neighbourhood  numerous  families  of  good 
position.  With  the  exception  of  Maesleg  House  (Pascoe  St.  L.  Grenfell,  Esq.)  the  mansions 
of  the  Swansea  gentry  lie  westward  of  the  town,  and  for  the  most  part  on  the  slopes  over- 
looking the  beautiful  Swansea  Bay.  Singleton,  thft  seat  of  W.  Graham  Vivian,  Esq. ;  Park 
Went,  the  seat  of  H.  Hussey  Vivian,  Esq.,  M.P. ;  Hendrefoilin,  the  seat  of  L.  LI.  Dillwyn, 
Esq.,  M.P.;  Sketiy  Park  (Sir  John  Armine  Morris,  Bart.);  Ffynone  (Charles  Bath,  Esq.); 
Panf-y-Givydir  (J.  Crow  Richardson,  Esq.)  ;  Glanrafon  (James  Richardson,  Esq.)  ;  Pcnlan 


PANTY-GWVDIR:  THE  RESIDENCE  OF  J.  CROW  RICHARDSON,  ESQ. 

(James  Walters,  Esq.)  ;  Brynymor  (Robert  Eaton,  Esq.),  now  occupied  by  Edward  Bath, 
Esq.;  Brooklands  (E.  M.  Richards,  Esq.,  M.P.);  Cae  Bailey  (Col.  G.  Grant  Francis,  F.S.A.); 
Glanmor  (Iltyd  Thomas,  Esq.) ;  Sketty  Hall,  the  old  seat  of  the  Dillwyns  (occupied  by  T. 
Rees,  Esq.),  many  of  them  surrounded  by  extensive  ornamental  grounds,  are  all  on  the 
western  side  of  Swansea.  Further  west,  near  the  favourite  neighbourhood  of  the  Mumbles, 
the  cottages  and  villas  of  resident  and  occasionally  resident  genteel  households  are  too 
numerous  to  mention.  Among  these  are  Lhoynderw  (F.  H.  S.  W.  Fisher,  Esq.) ;  Danycoeil 
(Alfred  Sterry,  Esq.) ;  and  the  beautiful  marine  villa  of  Laiigland  (Henry  Cravvshay,  Esq.). 
Many  of  these  mansions,  though  making  but  few  pretensions  to  architectural  splendour, 
are  surrounded  by  every  token  of  taste,  refinement,  and  affluence.  A  careful  observer  cannot 
fail  noticing,  however,  the  contrast  between  this  district,' devoted  to  groves,  lawns,  and 
parterres,  domestic  repose  and  elegance,  and  the  grimy  chaos  and  desolation  on  the  other 
side  of  the  to.vn,  where  nature's  efforts  at  vegetation  end  in  utter  failure,  and  where  Sodom 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


477 


and  Gomorrah,  both  before  and  after  the  destruction,  seem  to  have  been  heaped  together  in 
stifling  confusion. 

Of  Swansea  as  a  port  and  seat  of  manufacture  it  is  not  our  function  to  speak  ;  but  allusion 
should  be  made  to  some  of  the  chief  institutions  which  aim  at  the  amelioration  and  enlighten- 
ment of  the  population,  and  in  the  management  and  support  of  which  the  leading  families  of 
the  neighbourhood  take  an  active  part.  A  good  supply  of  day  schools  for  different  grades  of 
youth,  an  efficient  grammar  school,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  music  hall  for  classes  and 
concerts,  and  occasional  competition  in  singing,  are  maintained ;  and  charitable  institutions 
such  as  infirmaries,  dispensaries,  and  asylums,  on  a  large  scale  are  not  forgotten.  Swansea  is 
in  advance  of  any  town  in  the  Principality,  and  of  most  towns  of  the  size  in  England,  in  the 
possession  of  a  long-established  and  noble  institution  called  The  Royal  Institution  of  South 


CAE  BAII.EY  :  THE  RESIDENCE  OF  COL.  G.  GRANT  FRANCIS,  F.S.A. 

i 

Wales,  whose  library,  museum,  courses  of  lectures,  &c.,  confer  upon  the  inhabitants  an 
unceasing  and  most  substantial  benefit.  The  gentlemen  of  Swansea  and  neighbourhood  take 
an  active  interest  in  the  prosperity  and  efficiency  of  this  excellent  establishment,  but  to  none 
is  it  more  indebted  than  to  one  of  its  vice-presidents,  Col.  G.  Grant  Francis,  F.S.A.,  whose 
indefatigable  labours  for  years  have  so  largely  contributed  to  the  increase  of  the  library  and 
the  enrichment  of  its  various  collections  of  antiquities. 

West  of  Swansea  is  the  district  of  Gower — the  ancient  Gwyr, — forming  a  promontory 
twenty  miles  long  by  six  or  seven  in  width,  cut  off  by  a  line  drawn  across  from  about  the 


478  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Mumbles  Head  to  the  Burry  estuary.  Four-fifths  of  its  margin,  measuring  a  total  of  some 
fifty  miles,  is  washed  by  the  tide.  The  cliff  scenery  of  Gower  from  the  Mumbles  Head  to 
the  Worms  Head  and  Rhossili  Bay  is  truly  magnificent,  in  parts  unsurpassed  by  any  even 
in  Cornwall  or  Pembrokeshire.  The  interior,  through  the  absence  of  streams  and  valleys, 
is  often  dreary  and  uninteresting,  though  far  from  unproductive.  Much  of  the  land  is  un- 
enclosed ;  on  the  north-east  the  soil  is  poor  and  cold,  but  overlies  beds  of  coal  of  some 
value.  To  the  lover  of  the  picturesque,  however,  the  deeply  indented  coast  on  the  south  and 
west  compensates  largely  for  this  by  its  beetling  bluffs,  retiring  creeks,  and  sheltered 
crescent-sanded  bays,  with  their  sunny  woodland  slopes.  From  the  elevated  ridge  of  Cefn 
y  Bryn,  which  runs  diagonally  across  the  peninsula  nearly  due  east  and  west,  and  rises  to  a 
height  of  nearly  600  feet,  the  prospect  is  grand  and  inspiring,  bringing  under  the  eye  in 
distinct  and  varied  forms — 

"The  negligence  of  nature,  wide  and  wild," 

the  coast  of  Carmarthenshire  and  Pembrokeshire  as  far  as  St.  Govan's  Head,  the  Bristol 
Channel,  the  western  side  of  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan,  the  Vale  of  Neath,  and  the  interior 
of  the  country  as  far  as  the  Black  Mountains  and  the  Brecknockshire  Beacons.  You  stand 
here,  also,  near  Arthur's  Stone,  and  are  reminded  that  in  pre-historic  times  this  was  no 
common  and  forgotten  waste, — but  of  this  feature  of  Gower  we  shall  have  to  speak  in 
another  section.  The  charming  little  bays  of  Langland,  Caswell,  and  Oxwich,  with  their 
accompanying  cliff  scenery,  famed  bone  caverns,  and  warm  shelly  sands,  are  the  admira- 
tion of  all  beholders ;  and  a  delightful  and  salutary  consciousness  comes  over  you,  as  you 
wander  among  the  shadows  of  cliffs  and  caves,  separated  from  the  din  of  the  world,  in 
full  communion  with  Nature  in  some  of  her  noblest  aspects,  and  haply,  unless  the  heart  be 
really  dead,  in  communion  with  Him  who  gave  her,  and  you  a  part  of  her,  being  and  life, 
that  the  world  you  have  for  the  moment  left  is  small  and  paltry,  and  that  you  have  a  link  of 
connection  with  higher  things.  A  song  of  praise  arises  in  the  soul,  and  seems  to  harmonize 
with  the  sound  of  the  waves  and  the  breeze  ;  the  breath  of  the  sea  and  of  the  thymy  rocks 
brings  incense,  and  for  altar-light  you  have  the  sun  of  heaven, — a  somewhat  loftier  style  of 
worship,  one  would  think,  than  we  often  are  pained  to  witness. 

In  this  district  of  Gower,  so  wild  and  separate,  are  several  mansions  of  note.  The  first 
we  come  to  on  our  way  from  the  pretty  village  of  Sketty  is  Kilvrough  House,  the  seat  of 
Thomas  Penrice,  Esq.  (see  Penrice  of  KilvrougK),  a  place  of  much  antiquity.  Further  on  is 
Penrice  Castle,  the  seat  of  C.  R.  M.  Talbot,  Esq.,  M.P.  This  is  a  modern  mansion  built  in 
close  proximity  to  the  great  ruin  of  Penrice  Castle — one  of  the  grandest  pieces  of  desolation 
found  in  South  Wales  (see  Penrice  Castle}.  The  scenery  around  is  choice  in  the  extreme, 
and  the  air  of  quiet  and  repose  which  sits  as  the  genius  of  the  place  is  delightful.  Its 
owner  is  not  unaccustomed  to  the  forum,  the  senate,  and  the  noisy  rush  of  the  crowded 
street ;  and  he  probably  realizes  with  as  much  delight  as  the  casual  stranger  fresh  from  the 
storm  of  the  metropolis  the  exquisite  sweetness  of  this  spot. 

Near  the  village  of  Reynoldstone,  a  mile  or  two  further  west,  is  Stouthall,  the  residence 
of  E.  R.  Wood,  Esq.,  reposing  under  the  shelter  of  Cefn  y  Bryn,  and  commanding  pleasing 
and  extensive  views. 

Of  the  Flemish  inhabitants  of  this  district  we  shall  have  occasion  again  to  speak. 


THE  GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALOGY  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE.  479 


SECTION  II.— THE  GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALOGY   OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

With  the  exception  of  Cardiganshire  and  Monmouthshire  there  is  no  county  in  Wales 
so  much  monopolized  by  one  form  of  rock  as  Glamorganshire  ;  but  the  rock  which  pre- 
dominates in  this  county  is  one  which  is  entirely  absent  in  the  first,  and  only  partially  de- 
veloped in  the  second  county  named.  This  is  the  carboniferous  or  coal-bearing  rock. 
Fully  seven-eighths  of  Glamorganshire  is  composed  of  this  most  valuable  formation  ;  and 
the  vast  increase  of  population  on  its  surface  within  the  last  fifty  years  is  but  a  comment 
upon  its  wide  prevalence  and  commercial  importance.  If  a  straight  line  is  drawn  from 
Llanmadoc  on  the  Burry  estuary  to  the  village  of  the  Mumbles,  passing  just  to  the  north  of 
the  ridge  of  Cefn  y  Bryn,  it  will  cut  off  the  coal-bearing  beds  from  the  limestone  and  red 
sandstone  underlying  them.  The  whole  country  to  the  north  of  this  line  is  coal-bearing  as 
far  north  as  Llandebie  and  the  foot  of  the  Fan  Mountains  in  Carmarthenshire.  We  may 
then  follow  the  coast-line  from  the  Mumbles  by  Neath  and  Briton  Ferry,  or  penetrate  in 
imagination  under  the  bay  of  Swansea  in  a  straight  line,  coming  out  at  Kenfig,  and  shall 
everywhere  witness  the  presence  of  the  same  general  coal-bearing  strata. 

In  proceeding  further  east,  if  we  mean  to  keep  in  view  of  the  coal  measures,  we  must  cut 
off  the  fine  country  of  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan,  as  being  nothing  worth  as  far  as  coal  is 
concerned,  by  drawing  a  line,  not  far  from  direct,  from  the  village  or  ancient  town  of  Kenfig, 
passing  Bridgend,  diverging  slightly  northward  to  reach  the  lower  grounds  south  of  but  close 
below  Llantrisant,  and  on  to  Castell  Coch,  after  reaching  which  we  must  curve  to  the  left, 
making  gradually  for  the  north-east,  until  at  Machen,  or  near  it,  we  reach  the  borders  of 
Monmouthshire,  into  which,  in  the  direction  of  Pontypool,  the  great  coal-field  continues.  At 
Machen  we  find  ourselves  on  the  river  Rhymney,  which  divides  our  county  from  Monmouth- 
shire, and,  as  is  usual  through  some  odd  freak  of  custom  to  say,  "  divides  Wales  from 
England."  We  therefore  follow  this  stream  northward  as  far  as  the  extent  of  Glamorganshire 
reaches,  viz.,  to  Rhymney  Bridge— a  distance  of  about  twenty  miles,  and  wherever  we  go  the 
rocks  are  of  the  same  carboniferous  texture.  Our  search  then  leads  us  along  the  county 
boundary  by  Morlais  Castle,  and  we  turn  nearly  westward  by  Cyfarthfa,  and  continue  due  west 
until  we  meet  our  former  point  of  northern  measurement  at  the  foot  of  the  Carmarthenshire 
Fan.  The  whole  of  the  great  region  included  by  the  line  thus  roughly  described,  amounting 
to  not  less  than  600  square  miles,  belongs  to  the  carboniferous  group.  Under  a  large 
proportion  of  this  vast  area  coal  of  some  quality  or  other  is  now  lying— except,  indeed, 
where  it  has  already  been  extracted  by  the  hand  of  man, — in  places  no  doubt  at  depths  which 
make  its  profitable  working  with  our  present  mining  appliances  unremunerative,  and  in  places 
in  such  slender  seams  and  with  such  admixture  of  shale  and  rubbish  as  to  deter  all  working 
beyond  exploring  experiments. 

The  coal  measures  of  Glamorganshire  attain  in  places  to  an  enormous  thickness.  De 
la  Beche  says  (Geol.  Obs.,  p.  584)  that  while  the  coal-field  of  the  Bristol  district  reaches  a 
thickness  of  5,000  feet,  with  a  subjacent  accumulation  of  silt,  sand,  and  gravel,  making  a 
total  1,200  feet,  the  mass  of  the  various  beds  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Swansea  may  be 
estimated  at  about  11,000  feet ;  so  that  if  accumulated  by  subsidence,  horizontal  beds  piled 


480  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

on  each  other,  it  would  have  to  be  inferred  that  in  this  part  of  ths  earth's  surface,  and  at  that 
geological  time,  there  had  been  a  somewhat  tranquil  descent  of  mineral  deposits,  sometimes 
capable  of  supporting  the  growth  of  plants  requiring  contact  with  the  atmosphere,  but  most 
commonly  beneath  water,  for  a  depth  by  which  the  first  formed  deposits  became  lowered 
more  than  two  miles  from  their  original  position.  "  It  may  be  inferred,"  De  la  Beche 
further  adds,  that  this  thickness  "  is  not  that  of  the  general  mass,  as  the  component  beds 
might  have  been  accumulated  against  each  other,  as  happens  in  single  sandstone  and 
conglomerate  beds,  and  no  doubt  has  more  often  to  be  taken  into  account  than  it  has 
been  in  the  calculations  of  thickness." 

The  great  iron  ore  district  of  Glamorganshire  lies  principally  about  Merthyr,  Dowlais,  and 
Aberdare,  where  the  ironstone  is  found  in  seams  alternating  with  the  coal.  The  coal  of  this 
part  is  also  of  the  harder  or  less  bituminous  kind,  best  fitted  for  the  furnace,  while  the  lime- 
stone of  the  locality  serves  an  important  purpose  in  iron-smelting.  De  la  Beche  has  the 
remark  that  "  Merthyr  Tydfil  presents  an  excellent  example  of  the  economic  value  of  geological 
conditions,  the  proximity  of  the  carboniferous  limestone,  the  coal,  and  ironstone  to  each 
other  in  that  part  of  the  country  producing  a  cheap  combination  of  flux,  fuel,  and  ore 
scarcely  to  be  surpassed."  As  we  move  southward  in  the  county  we  find  the  coal  becoming 
more  bituminous.  The  Valleys  of  Aberdare  and  Rhondda,  and  contiguous  parts,  are  said  to 
yield  the  quality  of  coal  most  valued  for  ocean  steamers,  and  at  present  in  most  demand  by 
the  Government,  by  reason  of  its  power  to  produce  heat,  and  its  very  moderate  amount  of 
smoke. 

Next  below  the  coal  bed  is  the  carboniferous  limestone,  which  everywhere  accompanies  it, 
and  shows  itself  on  its  outer  limits  along  the  whole  line  we  have  above  described  from  Gower 
to  Bridgend,  Castell  Coch,  and  Machen,  and  from  Rhymney  Bridge  to  Cyfarthfa  and  the 
foot  of  the  Carmarthenshire  Fan.  It  is  but  a  fair  inference,  therefore,  that  at  the  greatest 
depths,  and  from  end  to  end  of  the  coal-field,  this  sheet  of  limestone,  in  some  places  of  great 
thickness,  continues  without  interruption — except  where  its  continuity  may  have  been 
disturbed  by  faults. 

Under  the  limestone  basin,  which  thus  holds  in  its  capacious  embrace  the  vast  coal 
deposit  of  this  county,  we  find  the  Old  Red  Sandstone  formation.  This  also  gives  proofs  of 
its  continuous  presence  beneath  the  fathomless  depth  of  the  basin,  by  appearing  here  and 
there  wherever  it  has  opportunity,  as  the  supporter  of  the  limestone.  Of  the  time  it  took  to 
deposit  this  formation  let  its  thickness  speak.  It  constitutes  nearly  the  whole  of  Brecknock- 
shire and  Monmouthshire  ;  shows  in  the  Black  Mountains  of  Herefordshire,  the  Beacons  of 
Brecknockshire,  and  the  Fan  of  Carmarthenshire, — a  mass  of  the  enormous  thickness  of  nearly 
3,000  feet,  and  is  calculated  to  amount  in  all  to  not  less  than  S,ooo  to  10,000  feet — 
surpassing  any  known  development  of  this  rock  in  any  other  part  of  the  world  (Murchison). 
It  then  crops  up  north,  south,  east,  and  west  of  the  coal  basin,  but  gives  us  no  further 
opportunity  of  measuring  its  depth  such  as  it  gives  in  the  eminences  above  named.  To  the 
exact  south  of  the  basin  it  makes  but  an  intermittent  appearance,  lying  here,  as  is  evident, 
conformably  beneath  the  lias.  It  is  seen  near  Bridgend,  and  on  the  shore  near  Kenfig,  and 
in  Gower,  following  the  direct  line  from  Kenfig,  forms  the  back-bone  of  the  promontory  in 
the  elevation  of  Cefn  y  Bryn.  Its  next  appearance,  still  faithful  to  its  direction,  and  its 
companionship  of  the  carboniferous  lime  stone,  is  near  Tenby ;  and  the  last  we  see  of  it  in 


GEOLOGY  OF   GLAMORGANSHIRE.  481 

Britain  is  in  the  little  isle  of  Skokam,  beyond  the  mouth  of  Milford   Haven.     We  have  only 
to  follow  the  prolongation  of  the  line  to  Ireland  to  renew  its  acquaintance. 

The  lias  strata  are  the  highest  and  newest  in  the  Glamorganshire  series.  With  the 
exception  of  a  slight  development  of  the  new  red  near  Ely,  and  again  near  Llangrallo  and 
Llangan,  towards  Bridgend,  the  whole  of  the  undulating  country  between  Cardiff  and  the 
estuary  of  the  Ogmore  consists  of  the  lias  series.  These  strata,  as  is  plainly  seen  in  the 
faces  of  the  great  cliffs  from  Penarth  Point  to  St.  Donat's  Castle,  and  notably  by  entering  the 
great  caves  of  Tresilian,  &c.,  lie  almost  undisturbed  in  horizontal  courses,  as  they  were 
deposited  at  the  bottom  of  some  early  sea.  The  generally  level  face  of  the  country,  broken 
only  by  the  abrading  action  of  tiny  streams,  and  slight  convulsions,  tells  of  the  same  long- 
continued  repose  of  this  district.  The  smooth  flaggy  beach  has  the  same  tale  to  relate.  In 
many  respects  this  group  of  rocks  is  invested  with  great  interest.  Unless  we  are  mistaken, 
it  is  the  newest  geological  formation  found  in  all  Wales,  and  clings  to  the  more  venerable 
rocks  of  this  country  more  like  a  waif  cast  adrift  from  the  Gloucestershire  side  of  the  Severn, 
than  a  congenial  part  of  "  ancient "  Wales.  In  truth,  the  contiguity  of  the  lias  and  the  Old 
Red  Sandstone  in  this  part  is  very  remarkable,  and  unavoidably  suggests  grave  inquiries  as  to 
the  quarter  whither  the  once  intervening  and  massive  carboniferous,  Permian,  and  Trias 
groups  have  betaken  themselves. 

Then  the  question  arises,  Is  there  no  coal  under  the  lias  ?  Are  we  to  be  content  with  the 
incomparable  excellences  of  Aberddaw  lime  tor  mortar  and  cement?  Are  there  no  hopes 
of  seeing  the  clear  and  balmy  atmosphere  of  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan  charged  with  the 
quantity  of  smoke,  sulphur,  and  various  odours  which  now  almost  belong  as  a  matter  of  right 
to  the  greater  part  of  Glamorganshire,  and  against  which  no  protests  on  the  part  of  the  fair 
valleys  of  Taff  and  Nedd,  of  Rhondda  and  Dare,  prevail  ?  We  see  no  reason  to  stifle  such 
hopes.  Coal  there  most  certainly  may  be  under  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan  from  Cardiff  to 
St.  Donat's,  and  thence  to  Bridgend,  unless  the  powers  of  evil  have  stolen  it.  About  the 
question  how  far  beneath  the  green  grass  it  lies,  let  those  who  are  apt  in  divining  of  minerals 
from  the  dew  on  the  leaflets  decide.  It  may  be  very  deep,  but  down  there  in  all 
probability  it  lies,  and  possibly  there  it  will  continue  until  the  time,  predicted  by  Mr.  Jevons, 
when  our  "  present  coal-fields  "  shall  have  been  exhausted,  and  machinery  has  been  invented 
which  shall  as  far  transcend  our  present  contrivances  for  burrowing  towards  the  antipodes  as 
these  transcend  the  inventions  of  our  great-grandfathers.  It  is  of  course  just  possible  that  the 
vast  vegetable  accumulations  which  resulted  in  the  coal  treasures  of  Glamorganshire  were  so 
localized  by  conditions  of  the  surface  as  not  to  extend  farther  south  than  their  present  limits, 
and  that  the  lias  which  stretch  between  them  and  the  Channel,  and  which  lie  almost 
undisturbed  in  the  beds  where  they  were  first  laid,  at  no  time  covered  anything  better  than 
mere  carboniferous  strata,  without  actual  coal  beds.  This  is  possible,  but  is  by  no  means 
certain. 

The  entire  South  Wales  coal-field — lying  in  a  longitudinal  trough  or  basin,  the  western 
end  of  which  reaches  the  sea  in  Pembrokeshire,  and  the  eastern  projects  eastwards  beyond 
Pontypool  in  Monmouthshire — is  estimated  to  measure  superficially  a-bove  1,000  square 
miles,  of  which  nearly  600  lie  in  Glamorganshire.  The  depth  of  the  basin  is,  of  course, 
continually  varying  in  its  transverse  section,  being  greatest  in  the  centre,  and  reaching  its 
minimum  where  the  seams  crop  out  to  the  surface.  The  outcroppings  of  the  seams  had 


482  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

many  ages  ago  been  worked  with  varying  success,  checks  often  intervening  through  the 
occurrence  of  faults,  which  at  times  carried  the  seam  vertically  downwards  many  yards  from 
the  line  of  its  natural  bed,  to  the  no  small  perplexity  of  the  miner.  It  was  geology  which 
first  explained  the  nature  of  these  faults  as  the  results  of  dislocations  and  convulsions  in  the 
earth's  crust.  But  a  grander  discovery,  made  from  the  data  supplied  by  this  science,  was 
that  of  the  continuous  stratification  of  the  basin,  or,  in  other  words,  the  passage  of  the  seams 
in  curvilinear  form  from  one  side  of  the  great  basin  where  they  were  found  to  dip  downwards, 
to  the  other  side,  beyond  valleys,  hills,  and  towns,  where  they  were  seen  to  crop  upwards- 
The  deduction  was  as  definitive  and  safe  as  it  was  grand — always  provided  no  disturbance 
of  the  strata  had  occurred, — that,  given  the  angle  of  dip  and  outcrop,  and  the  distance 
between  the  ends  of  the  arc,  at  such  and  such  depths  at  all  intervening  points  coal  would 
be  found. 

Upon  the  same  data  it  is  calculated  that  the  Glamorganshire  coal-basin  reaches  in  places 
a  depth  of  3,400  yards,  of  which  from  2,000  to  3,000  yards  are  below  the  level  of  the  sea. 
This  is  twice  the  depth  of  any  coal  workings  in  England  ;  so  that  the  amount  of  virgin 
seams  hitherto  untouched  in  Glamorganshire  is  enormous.  The  greatest  vertical  measurement 
is  believed  to  be  in  the  Swansea  and  Neath  district.  The  great  cavity  which  holds  this  vast 
treasure  of  coal  is  far  from  uniform  in  its  curvature,  for  disturbing  forces  in  past  geological 
time  have  here  and  there  sadly  broken  and  twisted  it.  Almost  in  a  straight  line  from  Gower 
to  Risca,  in  Monmouthshire,  some  monster  power  has  upheaved  its  bottom  into  the  form 
of  an  internal  ridge  or  back-bone,  dividing  the  field  virtually  into  two,  one  northern,  one 
southern  ;  and  there  are  divers  other  separations,  of  more  or  less  import,  which  tend  to  baffle 
the  miner,  and  turn  his  speculations  into  a  game  of  chance.  Near  Swansea  an  enormous 
"fault,"  which  suddenly  takes  down  the  bed  240  feet  from  its  natural  line,  occurs.  To 
compensate  for  such  unfriendly  operations  of  ancient  subterranean  forces,  another  class 
of  operations  have  worked  in  favour  of  the  coal-winner.  Perhaps,  indeed,  the  same 
insurrection  of  the  powers  of  fire  and  water,  and  their  resultant  gases,  which  tossed  and 
crushed  the  hills  and  their  foundations,  had  a  hand  in  scooping  out  or  in  heaving  asunder 
the  valleys  of  Taff,  Neath,  and  Tawe,  and  many  other  depressions  which  traverse  the 
Glamorganshire  coal-field,  and  are  so  serviceable,  both  as  adits  to  the  coal  and  as  high  roads 
for  its  conveyance  to  the  sea. 

SECTION  III.— HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

i. — Roman  Period. 

Little  or  nothing  in  the  shape  of  direct  reliable  statement  remains  to  us  of  the  pre- Roman 
history  of  this  county.  Of  its  persons  and  events  we  know  nothing  with  certainty.  But  if 
ground  one  degree  less  definite  is  taken  we  can  speak  with  absolute  confidence.  The 
district  had  its  persons  and  events,  had  a  community  and  a  government,  was  peopled  by  a 
hardy  and  notable  race,  and  was  under  the  leadership  of  puissant  princes,  when  the  Roman 
first  set  foot  upon  the  land.  So  much  is  certain,  independently  of  the  testimony  of  native 
chroniclers,  from  the  direct  attestations  of  the  Roman  historians  alone,  and  fair  inferences 
from  them.  The  territory  included,  since  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  under  the  name 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— ROMAN  PERIOD.  483 

"Glamorganshire"  was  part  of  the  country  to  whose  inhabitants  the  Romans  gave  the  name 
Si/ttres  (Ptol.,  SiAwpee),  imitating  loosely,  as  is  most  likely,  the  native  name  Essyllwyr, 
the  people  of  Essyllwg — a  region  of  indeterminate  boundaries,  but  believed  to  have 
included  along  with  the  county  of  Glamorgan,  the  counties  of  Monmouth  and  Hereford, 
and  parts  at  least  of  Brecon,  Radnor,  Salop,  and  Gloucester.  We  possess  no  native 
topographical  description  of  Britain  in  pre- Roman  times;  but  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  the  term  "  Essyllwg,"  with  other  forms  of  identical  meaning,  such  as  Essyllyr,  Bro 
Essyllt,  &c.,  had  descended  from  very  early  times,  and  had  even  grown  antiquated  before 
the  more  recent  Gwent  and  Gwentwg  came  into  use.  The  earlier  term  may  well  be  taken 
as  originating  in  fable  ;  for  it  is  in  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  that  we  read  how  Locrinus, 
eldest  son  of  Brutus,  after  his  father's  decease  divided  the  island  of  Britain  between  himself 
and  his  two  brothers,  Camber  and  Albanactus,  and  after  overthrowing  Humyr  (Humber), 
King  of  the  Huns,  found  in  one  of  his  ships  the  three  damsels  of  celestial  beauty,  one  of 
whom  was  none  other  than  Essyllt  (al.  Estrildis),  "a  daughter  of  the  King  of  Germany," 
who  eventually  became  his  queen,  and  whose  name,  by  some  historical  legerdemain, 
became  associated  with  the  country  about  the  Wye  and  the  Usk;  while  her  daughter  Hafren 
(al.  Sabre)  gave  her  name  to  the  river  Hafren  (Severn),  in  which  both  daughter  and  mother 
were  drowned.  These  are  pretty  legends,  not  more  true  than  those  about  the  founding  of  Rome 
by  y£neas,  or  by  the  sons  of  Rhea  Silvia,  suckled  by  the  she-wolf;  but  despite  the  legend, 
Rome  was  founded  by  some  one,  and  in  like  manner  the  land  of  Essyllwg  got  its  name  from 
some  person  or  circumstance ;  and  until  a  better  account  is  given,  or  the  old  is  demonstrably 
proved  to  be  destitute  of  a  core  of  truth,  the  name  may  as  well  be  traced  to  Essyllt,  daughter 
of  the  German  king,  as  to  any  other  thing  or  person. 

The  ingenious  and  indefatigable  lolo  Morganwg,  who  could  find  ancient  manuscripts  in 
old  coffers  and  behind  wainscotings,  would  have  had  no  difficulty  in  bringing  to  light  the 
history  of  ancient  Glamorgan  if  he  had  been  so  minded  ;  but  in  justice  to  his  memory  it 
must  be  said  that  his  moderation  here  was  commendable.  He  abstained  from  increasing 
confusion  already  too  great,  and  delusive  flickerings  amid  darkness  hopelessly  impenetrable. 
What  he  did  discover  in  reference  to  his  native  county,  "  in  a  book  that  was  once  in  the 
possession  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gamage,"  has  reference  to  a  later  period,  and  to  this  we  shall 
have  occasion  again  to  refer.  As  to  the  position  of  lolo  Morganwg  generally,  we  can  say 
in  passing  that  a  critic  of  philological  and  historical  competency  to  deal  with  it  has  yet  to 
appear. 

That  the  Romans  found  the  Silurian  country  important  for  their  purposes  as  conquerors, 
/.  e.,  rich  in  men  to  fill  the  legions,  and  in  means  for  filling  the  coffers  of  the  procurator,  is 
beyond  a  doubt.  They  fixed  upon  Caerleon  as  the  site  of  one  of  their  chief  cities  in  Britain 
—/sea  Silurum,  the  reputed  seat  of  Caractacus  when  leader  of  the  intrepid  Silures,  and 
afterwards  of  Arthur  and  the  Round  Table.  The  great  struggle  of  the  Silurian  power  with 
Rome  may  more  appropriately  be  noticed  under  Monmouthshire,  although  it  undoubtedly 
brought  to  bear  the  whole  of  the  resources  of  Glamorgan  and  surrounding  counties,  possibly 
to  the  utmost  limits  of  South  Wales.  We  have  no  right  to  say  that  the  conquest  which  the 
Romans  made  in  this  region  meant  more  than  the  establishment  of  Roman  supremacy  and 
the  exaction  of  tribute.  As  their  conquest  of  the  Silures  was  about  a  century  later  than 
their  conquest  of  Kent,  their  stay  in  Wales  was  comparatively  short,  and,  it  is  well  known, 


484  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

their  rule  comparatively  mild  ;  but  the  great  military  roads  they  formed  across  the  country 
still  remain  as  proofs  of  a  definitely  planned  and  settled  conquest,  and  may  be  taken  as 
memorials  of  a  supremacy  at  least  extending  over  300  years.  During  this  long  period  the 
toga  and  the  helmet,  the  short  broadsword  and  polished  shield,  were  familiar  objects  at 
Caerau  near  Cardiff  (Tibia  amnis),  Boverton  (Boviutri),  Nedd  (Nidimi),  and  Loughor 
(Leucarttm),  principal  stations  on  the  great  military  causeway,  the  Viajjflia,iw\\\<^a  proceeded 
from  Caerleon  to  Carmarthen,  and  further  west.  Here  military  trains,  cohorts,  and  legions 
frequently  marched,  and  heavy  waggons  conveying  "the  collected  denarii  to  the  colonial 
treasury  at  Isca  Silurum  slowly  crept  along.  The  line  of  this  highway  was  not  far  from  the 
coast,  running  from  Caerau  nearly  in  the  track  of  the  road  which  passes  by  Llancarvan  and 
St.  Althan's  to  Lantvvit  Major  (near  which  was  their  station  Bovinni),  and  thence  to  Bridgend. 
As  the  Romans  usually  betrayed  a  partiality  for  straight  roads,  it  would  seem  that  in  making 
this  considerable  detour  they  deemed  it  of  importance  to  keep  near  the  sea — probably  for 
purposes  of  observation  and  convenience  of  transport.  Of  the  actual  details  of  events  ir 
this  particular  region  of  Glamorganshire  during  this  period  we  know  nothing.  Through  an 
occasional  inscription,  dug  out  of  the  earth,  we  learn  more  of  its  deaths  than  of  its  lives. 
The  antiquarian  with  patient  labour  writes  an  intermittent  history  from  personal  ornaments, 
fragments  of  altars,  bronze  blades,  and  coins;  but  when  all  the  facts  are  brought  together, 
the  record  merely  tells  that  the  Romans  had  here  their  legions,  villas,  altars,  and  fiscal 
bureaus  for  the  space  of  three  centuries  more  or  less,  and  that  about  A.D.  400  they  left  the 
land  to  the  care  of  its  ancient  possessors.  They  prepared  to  quit  Britain  altogether  and 
finally  as  rulers  about  the  year  412. 


2. — Saxon  Period. 

We  cannot  speak  of  a  Saxon  period  in  Glamorganshire  any  more  than  in  other  parts  ot 
Wales,  except  in  a  qualified  sense.  Strictly  speaking,  there  was  a  British  period,  a  Roman 
period,  a  Norman  period,  and  an  English  period,  each  marked  by  definite  rule  and  legal 
government.  But  the  Saxon  authority  in  Wales  was  not  at  any  time  that  of  formal  govern- 
ment to  the  exclusion  of  native  laws  and  native  rulers,  but  simply  the  occasional  assertion 
from  the  time  of  Egbert  and  Athelstan  of  feudal  suzerainty.  The  native  princes  everywhere 
ruled,  albeit  by  degrees  with  a  glory  which  paled  before  the  rising  splendour  of  the  English 
kings ;  and  their  function  dwindled  into  those  of  reguli  instead  of  independent  princes. 

Of  the  arrangements  made  for  government  in  Bro  Essyllt  after  the  departure  of  the 
Romans  it  is  impossible  to  speak  except  in  very  general  terms.  The  Romans  had  never 
denied  to  the  Cymric  princes  the  recognition  of  their  high  descent  and  proper  rank.  They 
never  suppressed  the  speech  or  interfered  with  the  customs  of  the  natives.  In  the  few  towns 
they  established,  they  brought  into  action  their  municipal  laws,  and  compelled  the  native 
princes  to  pay  tribute ;  and  there,  or  nearly  there,  the  Roman  domination  ceased  to  operate. 
On  the  disappearance  of  the  Roman  general  and  procurator,  therefore,  in  Wales  as 
over  Britain,  but  in  Wales  with  greater  ease,  the  rule  of  the  native  princes  was  straightway 
resumed. 


HISTORY  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE-SAXON  PERIOD.  485 

For  several  centuries  before  history  opens  her  page  these  parts  must  have  been  governed 
either  immediately  by  local  chieftains,  or  as  portions  of  supreme  princedoms.  It  seems 
probable  that  before  Morgan  the  Courteous  (ninth  cent.)  gave  his  name  to  the  region,  the 
ancient  Glewysig— of  more  circumscribed  application  than  "  Essyllwg"  and  "  Bro  Essyllt," — 
unless  indeed  it  be  a  form  of  the  same  word — was  the  name  by  which  it  was  known.  In  the 
early  records  "Glewysig"  is  often  used  to  the  exclusion  of  " Gwlad-Morgan "  and  "  Morganwg." 
Golyddan,  the  bard,  who  wrote  as  is  supposed  in  the  seventh  century,  speaks  of  these  parts 
under  this  designation  : — 

"  Na  chrynned  Dyfed  na  Glywysig. " 
Let  not  Dyfed  or  Glywysig  tremble. 

Asser  is  about  the  first  author  who  throws  any  clear  and  steady  light  upon  the  post- 
Roman  affairs  of  the  region.  When  invited  from  Wales  to  the  court  of  King  Alfred,  he  tells 
us  (De  Reb.  Gest.  Aelfr.,  ami.  884)  that  his  countrymen  in  "Britannia"  (Wales)  sanctioned 
his  going  to  live  for  a  time  in  Saxonia  (England),  because  they  thought  he  might  be  instru- 
mental in  procuring  the  protection  of  Alfred  for  the  church  of  St.  David's  against  it-; 
despoiler,  Hemeid,  ruler  of  Dyfed ;  and  he  observes  that  already  Alfred  had  authority  over 
"the  countries  on  the  right-hand  side  of  Britain"  (his  way  of  expressing  the  southern  parts 
of  Wales — Deheubarth),  having  been  invited  to  exercise  it  for  the  protection  of  the  inhabit- 
ants against  "the  violence  of  the  six  sons  of  Rhodri,"  late  king  of  all  Wales;  and  that 
"  Houil,  son  of  Ris,  king  of  Gleguising,"  as  well  as  "  Brocmail  and  Fernail,  sons  of  Mourice, 
kings  of  Gwent,  compelled  by  the  force  and  tyranny  of  Earl  Ethered  [of  Mercia],  had  of 
their  own  accord  sought  King  Alfred,  that  they  might  enjoy  his  government  and  protection." 
The  same  thing  is  said  of  Helised,  son'  of  Tewdyr,  ruler  of  Brechonia  (Brecknock).  Now 
this  is  from  a  writer,  to  say  the  least  of  him,  quite  as  reliable  as  Tacitus  or  Strabo.  There 
was,  then,  in  the  time  of  King  Alfred,  a  king  of  Gleguising  (Glywysig)  of  the  name  of  "  Houil, 
son  of  Ris,"  whom  we  can  call,  in  more  modern  form,  Howel  ap  Rhys;  and  this  lordship  or 
kingdom  of  Glywysig,  along  with  its  neighbour  Gwent,  formed  the  southern  part  of  the 
country  of  the  ancient  Silures. 

We  are  informed  by  the  Saxon  Chronicle  that  those  naughty  marauders,  the  "  Danish 
men,"  otherwise  called  "Nordmanni"  and  "black  pagans,"  A.D.  894,  paid  a  devastating 
visit  to  the  borders  of  the  Severn ;  and  we  learn  from  Caradoc's  Brut  y  Tywysogion  that  in 
this  identical  year  the  "  Normanyeit  "  wasted,  along  with  Brecheiniawc  and  Gwent,  Morganwc. 
This  same  incursion  is  also  attested,  under  the  varying  date  of  895,  by  the  reliable  Annales 
Cambria.  We  may  be  sure  that  the  "  black  pagans  "  left  no  bone  in  Bro  Morganwg 
unpicked.  Who  was  now  ruler  of  the  district  we  are  not  told,  and  must  suppose  that  the 
name  "  Morganwc,"  not  yet  born,  is  applied  by  the  chroniclers  just  as,  ex.  gr.,  we  use 
"  Wales,"  when  we  say  that  Wales  was  conquered  by  the  Romans,  although  Wales  as  a  name 
had  no  existence  in  Roman  times. 

The  story  of  Morgan  Mwynfawr  (the  Courteous)  is  the  next  ray  of  light  thrown  on  the 
annals  of  Glamorgan.  He  was  the  son  of  Athrwys,  whom  some  perilously  identify  with 
Arthur,  and  so  great  was  his  renown  and  high  his  character  as  protector  of  his  country, 
bleeding  from  the  wounds  inflicted  by  Nordmanni  and  Mercian  adventurers,  that  the  territory 
he  ruled  chose  to  call  itself  after  his  name — Gw/rtw'-Morgan  and  Morgan-?^,  indifferently, — 
both  signifying  the  country  or  land  of  Morgan.  He  is  often  called  Morgan  Mawr,  the 

2  K 


486  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

great,  as  well  as  Morgan  Mwyn-fawr — the  greatly  gentle  or  courteous,  and  it  is  just  possible 
that  the  latter  epithet  in  its  original  uncompounded  form  was  Mwyn  Mawr — "  the  great, 
the  gentle."  In  the  "  History"  of  Glamorgan,  "  out  of  the  book  that  was  in  the  possession 
of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gamage  "  of  St.  Athan's,  and  which  passed  through  the  hands  of  lolo,  it  is 
said  that  he  resided  at  Adur  and  Breigan,  and  that  he  and  his  race,  both  before  and  after, 
were  endued  with  the  grace  of  supreme  good  fortune  up  to  the  time  of  Owain  ap  Morgan 
Hen.  Their  good  fortune  consisted  in  this — that  they  were  chaste  in  youth,  full  of  vigour, 
having  children  in  their  old  age,  and  lived  to  see  their  children's  children  and  their  children. 
In  illustration  of  this  blessed  lot  we  are  told  that  Morgan's  first  son  was  born  when  his 
father  was  sixty-seven  years  old,  and  that  this  son,  called  Morgan  Hen — "  the  aged,"  was 
eighty-seven  years  of  age  when  his  son  Owain  was  born.  It  was  on  the  next  day  after  the 
birth  of  Owain  that  Morgan  the  Courteous  died,  "  and  he  was  buried  in  the  grave  of  Teilo ; 
but  it  is  not  known  now  where  that  grave  is."  Morgan  the  Aged  and  his  son  Owain  "  had 
contention  with  Howel  the  Good,  son  of  Cadell,  King  of  South  Wales  ["South  Wales"  in 
those  times  did  not  include  Morganwg,  Gwent,  and  Brycheiniog],  for  possession  of  Ystrad 
Yw,  Ewias,  and  Erging,  or  the  Vale  of  Crickhowel  and  surrounding  district,  with  the 
adjoining  parts  of  Herefordshire."  The  peculiar  relation  at  this  time  of  the  princes  of  Wales, 
including  Morganwg,  to  the  English  kings,  is  significantly  brought  out  in  connection  with 
this  quarrel,  for  the  "  History  "  relates  that  Morgan  and  Owain  went  with  their  complaint 
against  Howel  the  Good  "  to  Edgar,  King  of  England ; "  that  Edgar  interposed  and 
made  peace,  giving  the  land  of  Brychan  (Brecknock)  and  the  land  of  Gwyr  Isa  (lower  Gower) 
to  Howel,  and  Ystrad  Yw,  Ewias,  and  Erging  to  Morgan ;  "  and  when  the  peace  was  settled, 
it  was  written  on  a  roebuck's  skin,  and  upon  the  altar  of  Teilo  it  was  laid,  and  by  the  aid  of 
God  and  Teilo  a  great  blessing  was  vouchsafed  to  such  as  would  maintain  peace  between 
the  King  of  Morganwg  and  the  King  of  South  Wales,  while  a  great  curse  was  denounced 
against  such  as  would  disturb  the  peace  and  right  now  established  between  them." 

But  in  this  very  transaction  the  tributary  condition  of  the  prince  of  Glamorgan  is  also  made 
evident.  "  Teilo  and  Dewi,"  which  mean  the  presiding  ecclesiastical  authority  of  Llandaff 
and  St.  David's,  "  arranged  that  the  King  of  Morganwg  should  pay  tribute  to  the  King  of 
London,  and  that  the  King  of  North  Wales  should  not  receive  the  tribute  [which  as  superior 
regulus  he  had  been  accustomed  to  receive]  because  the  supreme  lord  of  Britain  [Unben 
Prydain]  is  the  King  of  London  ;  for  when  personal  supremacy  was  established  in  Britain, 
it  was  ordained  that  all  kings  and  princes  in  the  island  should  pay  tribute  to  the  King  of 
London,  in  order  that  he  might  have  power  to  wage  war  against  all  enemies."  This  is  a 
remarkable  passage.  While  tinctured  with  the  modes  of  thought  and  expression  belonging 
to  the  Cymric  tongue,  its  historic  substance  is  true  to  facts  otherwise  known.  As  usual, 
dates  are  neglected,  and  so  are  names,  in  the  allusion  to  a  concerted  supremacy ;  but  the 
principle  was  doubtless  introduced  as  early  as  the  reigns  of  Egbert  and  Athelstan,  and 
several  instances  of  the  exercise  of  the  "King  of  London's"  suzerainty  in  Wales  have 
already  been  mentioned  (see  p.  228).  Perhaps  the  reference  above  made  to  a  specific 
arrangement  that  all  kings  and  princes  in  the  island  should  pay  tribute  to  the  King  of 
London,  has  in  view  a  state  of  things  brought  about  by  Athelstan.  (See  p.  229.) 

With  Morgan  Hen  and  his  son  and  successor  Owain,  we  arrive  in  the  annals  of 
Glamorganshire  at  the  end  of  the  tenth  century.  Caradoc's  Brut  puts  the  death  of  Morgan 


HISTORY  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE— SAXON  PERIOD.  487 

at  the  year  of  "  the  age  of  Christ "  974.  The  Liber  Llandavensis,  generally  worthy  of  credit, 
would  make  it  appear  that  his  rule  continued  longer ;  for  at  the  apparent  termination  of  that 
rule  it  records  the  election  as  kings  of  Glamorgan,  in  A.D.  983,  of  Ovvain,  Idwallawn,  Cadell, 
and  Cynfyn,  sons  of  Morgan  Hen,  and  of  Rhodri  and  Gruffydd,  sons  of  Elised  ;  a  record, 
by  the  way,  of  much  interest  from  what  it  implies  as  to  the  meaning  of  brenin  and  brenhiniaeth 
(king  and  kingdom)  at  that  time  among  the  Cymry,  when  in  a  territory  so  circumscribed  so 
many  "  kings  "  and  "  kingdoms"  could  co-exist. 

Owain,  above  named,  was  succeeded  in  his  sovereignty  of  Morganwg.  or  such  part  as  he 
inherited,  by  his  son,  lihel  Ddu — "  the  black,"  so  called  "  from  the  intense  blackness  of  his 
hair,  eyes,  and  beard."  His  reign  was  disturbed  by  incursions  of  the  Saxons,  who  sacked 
Llandaff  and  scattered  its  clergy,  whose  territory  was  afterwards  restored  by  Ithel.  The 
birds  of  ill  omen  hovered  now  in  frequent  flocks  over  Morganwg,  presaging  coming  trouble 
and  carnage,  when  the  hungry  Norman  eagles  would  settle  upon  their  prey.  Already,  in  the 
words  of  Longfellow, — 

"On  helm  and  harness  rings  the  Saxon  hammer, 
Through  Cymric  forest  roars  the  Norseman's  song ;  " 

the  power  of  England  has  fallen  before  the  Dane,  and  Dane  and  Saxon  combine  to  harass 
the  enfeebled  land  of  the  Cymry ;  but  soon  the  Norman  strikes  both  to  the  dust,  and 
undertakes  on  his  own  account  the  absorption  of  all  that  is  fair  and  profitable  in  the  eastern 
borders  of  Wales,  from  Chester  to  Glamorgan  Vale.  Ithel  Ddu  passes  away  from  Mor- 
ganwg, and  is  followed  by  his  son  Gwrgant,  whose  chief  title  to  fame  rests  on  his  being 
father  of  the  notorious  lestyn,  and  on  his  "  gift  of  an  extensive  moorland  plain  in  the  '  hills  ' 
called  Hirwaun  y  brenin  (the  king's  long  moor)  to  all  who  desired  to  keep  cattle  and  sheep, 
and  sow  corn."  This  plain  from  that  time  forth  was  called  Hirwaun  Wrgan,  and  is  the 
table-land  between  Merthyr  and  the  Vale  of  Neath  known  to  this  day  as  Hirwaun. 

As  to  the  place  of  residence  or  castle  of  these  princes  of  Glamorgan,  the  old  historians 
and  chroniclers  say  little.  In  our  day  history  is  expected  to  furnish  itself  with  the  verifying 
apparatus  of  places,  dates,  coherence  and  succession  of  events ;  but  the  monkish  chroniclers 
were  above  recording  such  trifling  details.  They  knew  them  all  themselves  at  the  time,  and 
not  being  over-gifted  with  imagination,  perhaps  assumed  that  others  through  all  time  would 
know  them  equally  well.  But  as  most  of  the  chronicles  were  probably  written  as  a  means 
of  whiling  away  idle  time,  or  for  the  information  of  the  limited  society  of  the  monastery  or 
family,  and  with  no  definite  historical  purpose  or  thought  of  future  ages,  panting  in  curiosity 
and  alert  in  criticism,  the  looseness,  contradictions,  strange  lacunas,  and  narrowness  of  range 
by  which  they  are  characterized  are  intelligible  and  largely  excusable.  The  Coychurch  MS. 
tells  us  (see  Williams'  Monmouthshire)  that  Morgan  Mwynfawr — said  there  to  be  the  son  of 
King  Arthur, — on  retiring  from  Caerleon  and  making  his  home  in  Glamorgan,  resided  some- 
times at  Cardiff,  sometimes  at  Radir,  at  other  times  at  Margam.  That  Cardiff  had  a  British 
fortress,  and  was  a  seat  of  power,  and  therefore  in  all  probability  the  residence  of  the  ruler 
of  the  surrounding  country  before  the  Roman  settlement,  is  all  but  certain,  and  that  the 
Normans  found  it  a  place  of  similar  dignity  is  equally  credible.  Dnnmven  has  also  the 
credit  of  having  been  a  British  princely  residence  under  the  name  Dindryfan. 


488  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


3. — Norman  Period. 

We  now  arrive  at  a  new  and  very  distinct  era  in  the  annals  of  Glamorganshire, — an  era 
pregnant  in  great  events,  and  sending  down  a  legacy  of  consequences  which  reach  our  own 
time,  and  will  reach  times  long  to  come.  Hitherto,  since  the  Roman  age,  the  Cymric  princes 
had  all  the  land  and  its  inhabitants  to  themselves  (despite  occasional  subjection  to  the 
"  King  of  London  "),  fought  at  their  own  risk  their  battles,  and  arranged  as  best  they  could 
their  mutual  differences.  They  met  the  Mercian  on  the  border,  combined  to  chase  the 
Dane  from  their  creeks,  and  battled  with  varying  success  with  Scandinavian  Magnuses  and 
Anglo-Saxon  Egberts  and  Athelstans  ;  and  when  no  enemy  appeared  at  the  mouth  of  Taff 
or  Tawe,  Dovey  or  Dee,  or  crossed  Offa's  vallum,  then  the  board  was  cleared  for  a  native 
game  of  war,  for  which  pretext  was  never  wanted,  between  north  and  south,  Gwynedd  and 
Powys,  or  sections  of  either.  Who  would  be  foe  or  who  ally  was  quite  a  chance ;  one  thing 
only  was  certain,  the  weird  dance  must  be  danced,  and  the  horrid  caldron  must  be  kept 
boiling. 

But  now  a  power  which  has  already  laid  the  race  of  Offa,  Athelstan,  and  Alfred  in  the 
dust,  after  having  occasionally  swung  its  dragon  tail  to  smite  the  Welsh— not  without  loss 
of  some  of  its  own  blood  and  scales,  lays  one  of  its  great  fangs  with  settled  purpose  upon 
Morganwg  and  other  districts  of  Eastern  Wales.  At  this  time  (circa  A.D.  1091)  lestyn,  son 
of  the  already  mentioned  Gwrgant,  of  Hirwaun  y  brenin  memory,  was  the  madcap  ruler  of 
Morganwg.  This  is  the  common  opinion,  and  notwithstanding  some  recent  attempts 
at  disproof,  this  is  the  account  we  are  disposed  upon  the  whole  to  accept.  It  is  borne  out 
by  the  largest  consensus  of  unwavering  testimony,  and  is  most  in  harmony  with  native 
tradition  checked  and  toned  down  by  historic  facts. 

It  is  of  little  import  whether  this  native  ruler,  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  was  a  man  of 
great  or  ignoble  qualities,  of  princely  or  inferior  rank.  That  he  did  exist,  \vas  a  man  of 
authority  in  Glamorgan  at  this  time,  and  was  succeeded  by  sons  who  bravely  led  an 
unavailing  assault  against  the  Normans,  it  is  useless  to  question.  That  he  is  not  mentioned 
by  this  or  that  chronicler,  that  there  are  inconsistencies  in  such  records  as  we  possess  about 
the  date  of  his  life,  is  of  little  importance.  Chroniclers,  as  already  said,  were  often  in  those 
days  careless  in  registering  dates  ;  often  ignored  the  most  important  persons  and  transactions ; 
even  at  times  ignored  the  transactions  of  half  the  island.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  ex.gr., 
says  little  about  Wales.  The  Annales  Cambrics  scarcely  notice  England.  A  Welsh  Brut, 
and  even  Asser,  hesitates  not  to  speak  of  Welsh  affairs  as  those  of  "  Britain."  Although  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  repeatedly  mentions  Gruffydd  ("  Griffin  "),  King  of  the  Welsh  (for 
which  reason,  perhaps,  even  Mr.  E.  A.  Freeman  believes  that  there  was  such  a  man  as 
Gruffydd),  it  never  mentions  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr,  one  of  the  most  prominent  princes  of  Wales, 
and  a  bitter  enemy  of  the  Normans,  although  it  professes  to  register  the  events  of  his  time. 
And  what  if  the  same  chronicle  makes  no  mention  of  Robert  Fitzhamon  ?  did  there  exist, 
therefore,  no  Robert  Fitzhamon  ?  The  historical  reality  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  and  his 
prominence  in  public  affairs,  are  nearly  as  well  evidenced  as  those  of  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr, 
Fitzhamon,  or  Newmarch.  He  is  named  in  the  twelfth  century  by  so  credible  and  well- 
informed  a  man  as  Giraldus  Cambrensis  (Itin.,  2)  in  the  same  undoubting  way  as  De  Braose 


HISTORY  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE-  IESTYN  AP  GWRGANT.  489 

or  Newmarch  is  named,  and  the  subsequent  power  and  influence  of  his  sons  in  the  wars 
which  wasted  Brecknock  are  plainly  implied.  He  was  a  man  of  so  great  consideration  that 
his  contemporaries,  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Gruffydd  ap  Cynan,  and  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr  (after- 
wards his  opponent  and  victim),  all  princes  of  Wales,  in  determining  who  should  thenceforth 
be  considered  "  founders  of  royal  tribes  "  in  Wales,  ranked  him  along  with  themselves  and 
Elystan  Glodrydd,  ruler  of  the  country  between  the  Wye  and  the  Severn,  as  entitled  to  that 
dignity.  We  in  these  days  may  think  that  a  prominence  was  thus  accorded  to  lestyn  which 
he  little  deserved  ;  but  we  are  bound  to  allow  that  these  princes  were  the  best  judges  of 
what  should  be  done,  and  must  yield  to  the  evidence  involved  in  their  decision — unless 
indeed  we  covet  the  distinction  which  some  have  won  by  coolly  setting  aside  the  authority  of 
Vaughan  of  Hengwrt,  and  boldly  denying  that  such  a  census  was  ever  made.  Instances  are 
not  wanting  of  incredulity  being  carried  to  such  a  point  of  credulity.  lestyn's  reality  and 
position  are  also  witnessed  to  by  numerous  genealogical  records  of  much  antiquity,  results  of 
the  labours  of  authorized  genealogists,  whereby  many  old  families  have  traced  their  descent 
from  the  sept  of  lestyn.  Of  course  a  stupid  or  ignorant  prejudice  may  deny  the  value  of 
these  records ;  but  such  denial  is  not  history. 

We  need  not  trouble  ourselves  with  the  minor  criticism  some  writers  indulge  in  respect- 
ing the  want  of  accordance  in  the  different  chroniclers  as  to  the  dates  of  lestyn  ap 
Gwrgant's  chief  operations.  It  is  quite  enough  to  know,  on  the  authority  of  respectable 
chronicles,  that  he  engaged  in  war  with  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr,  Prince  of  South  Wales,  and  was 
joined  in  this  enterprise  by  the  sons  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  late  Prince  of  North  Wales. 
This  was  about  A.D.  1088,  or  perhaps  a  year  or  two  later, — a  most  active  stage,  and  nearly 
the  last,  in  lestyn's  life.  And  that  this  chronology  of  his  life  is  substantially  accurate,  despite 
the  entry  in  the  Book  of  Aberpergwm  which  makes  lestyn  marry  the  daughter  of  Bleddyn 
ap  Cynfyn  as  early  as  A.D.  994,  is  made  plain  by  the  reference  made  by  Giraldus  Cambrensis 
just  a  century  later  (A.D.  1188)  to  the  sons  of  lestyn.  He  says  that  the  sons  of  lestyn  had 
been  engaged  in  "  a  great  war  in  which  nearly  all  the  province "  of  Brecheinioc  "  was 
destroyed."  Now  this  "  great  war "  had  evidently  occurred  after  lestyn's  time,  because  it 
was  under  the  leadership,  not  of  him,  but  of  his  sons,  Caradoc,  Madoc,  Hywel,  and  Rhys, 
or  some  of  them  ;  and  Giraldus  alludes  to  it  as  a  war  which  had  already  in  1 188,  when  he 
traversed  the  locality,  long  passed  away  and  become  a  matter  of  history.  This  kind  of 
indirect  evidence  is  always  valuable,  and  coming  in  this  instance  from  a  man  so  observant 
and  so  well  versed  in  the  affairs  of  South  Wales,  is  more  to  be  depended  upon  than  entries 
in  chronicles.  The  war  alluded  to  was  doubtless  the  great  struggle  of  the  natives  of 
Brecheinioc  against  the  Norman,  Bernard  Newmarch,  who,  according  to  the  Annales 
Cambria,  came  to  Brecheinioc  in  1091  (see  p.  66),  a  date  which,  whether  strictly  accurate 
or  one  or  two  years  too  early,  most  likely  synchronizes  with  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan  by 
Fitzhamon.  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant  is  held  to  have  fled  the  country  on  his  defeat  by  Fitzhamon 
near  Cardiff,  and  is  variously  reported  to  have  died,  having  first  wandered  to  Glastonbury 
and  then  to  Bath,  at  Keynsham,  or,  as  said  by  the  Book  of  Abcrpergwm,  "  in  the  monastery 
of  Llangenys  in  Gwent,"  and  the  leadership  of  the  patriots  by  his  sons,  at  the  time  implied 
by  Giraldus's  allusion,  is  therefore  in  itself  probable  and  consistent. 

Then,  however,  comes   the  question,  What  hand  had  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant  in  bringing 
Fitzhamon  and  his  Xorman  companions  to  Glamorgan  ?    The  usual  and  long-cstablibhe J 


490  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

account  represents  the  Norman  invasion  of  this  part  as  the  enterprise  of 'a  number  of  knightly 
adventurers  who  first  entered  as  auxiliaries  to  lestyn  in  his  unequal  contest  with  Rhys  ap 
Tewdwr,  but  afterwards,  having  assisted  him  through  that  difficulty,  turned  upon  him  and 
took  possession  of  his  country  on  their  own  account.  The  story  holds  a  curious  analogy  to 
that  of  the  conquest  of  Kent  by  Hengist  and  Horsa  ;  and  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant  forms  a  parallel 
with  Vortigern,  the  traitor  in  the  general  history  of  Britain.  The  bad  odour  attaching  to 
lestyn's  character  is  owing  to  his  inviting  the  Norman  knights  to  the  country,  and  his  breach 
of  contract  with  Einion  ap  Cadivor  ap  Collwyn  (see  pp.  65  and  233),  his  successful  agent  at 
the  court  of  Rufus,  in  refusing  him  his  daughter's  promised  hand,  and  thus  instigating  Einion 
to  retaliate  by  persuading  Fitzhamon  to  hurl  him  and  his  race  from  the  seat  of  power. 
This  is  the  version,  without  precise  date,  of  the  Book  of  Aberpergwm — a  document  of  common 
origin  with  Brut  y  Tywysogion,  but  marked  by  a  painful  confusion  of  chronology ;  the  Brut 
of  leuan  Brechfa,  under  A.D.  1090  ;  and  the  "  lolo  MSS."  But  neither  the  Annales  Cambria 
nor  Caradoc's  Brut  y  Tywysogion  give  this  or  any  other  story  of  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan, 
although  both  narrate  the  overthrow  of  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr  by  "  the  French  (Normans)  of 
Brecheinioc." 

Now,  however  unreasonable  or  uncritical  appears,  after  investigation,  the  theory  that 
lestyn  ap  Gwrgant  was  not  a  man  of  prominent  and  unhappy  notoriety  in  Glamorgan  about 
the  time  of  its  conquest,  and  however  clear  it  is  that  he  had  a  hand  in  favouring  the  first 
operations  of  the  Normans  in  these  parts,  it  is  still  to  be  admitted  that  the  form  of  the  story 
renders  it  liable  to  some  suspicion,  and  makes  proof  of  its  substantive  truth,  from  what  data 
are  available,  necessary.  Students  of  antiquity,  though  proverbially  devotees  of  the  old, 
are  now  and  then  covetous  of  the  applause  won  by  discoverers.  Mr.  Floyd  has  recently 
made  an  ingenious  attempt  (Journ.  Archaol.  Institute,  xxviii.,  293)  to  prove  "  that  the  war  in 
which  South  Wales  (including  Morganwg)  was  conquered "  was  not  the  work  of  Robert 
Fitzhamon  and  his  twelve  more  or  less  companion  knights,  but  "  was  a  national  war,"  in 
which  "  William  Rufus  personally  took  part." 

This  new  account  is  more  liable  to  question  than  the  old.  It  is  sustained  only  by  slender 
intimation  and  conjectural  reasoning,  while  the  other  is  handed  down  by  clear,  definite,  and 
not  improbable  record.  At  the  same  time  a  careful  examination  of  all  the  data  within 
reach  inclines  us  to  believe  that  neither  account  need  be  entirely  rejected,  but  that  by  the 
omission  of  the  questionable  points  of  each  they  are  capable  of  being  so  blended  as  to  form 
a  consistent  history.  We  are  far  from  thinking  that  William  Rufus  in  person  superintended 
the  conquest  of  Glamorgan,  or  that  he  ever  conquered  South  Wales ;  at  the  same  time  the 
work  was  not  done  by  adventurer  knights  without  the  cognizance  and  authority  of  the  king. 
The  known  practice  of  feudal  warfare,  and  the  method  notoriously  adopted  by  the  Norman 
kings  on  the  marches  of  Wales  of  having  conquests  effected  for  them  and  not  by  them — as 
shown  by  Sir  John  Dodridge,  hereafter  cited, — are  consistently  adumbrated  in  the  older 
account :  the  fact  that  the  king  claimed  the  land,  and  that  no  vassal  could  appropriate  a  foot 
square  without  authority  of  his  liege,  necessitates  the  belief  that  Rufus's  authority  and 
sanction  sounded  in  every  deed  of  Fitzhamon,  De  Londres,  and  St.  Quentin,  and  made  the 
conquest  of  Glamorgan  in  this  sense  a  conquest  by  Rufus  the  king  and  not  by  these  knights  ; 
but  this  is  a  view  not  contradictory  of  the  account  of  the  Bruts.  In  dealing  with  this  subject 
the  following  points  are  to  be  borne  in  mind  : — 


NORMAN  CONQUEST  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE.  491 

1.  The  subjugation  of  Glamorgan  was  not  a  separate  and  solitary  undertaking,  but  was 
one  of  a  series  of  operations  conducted  by  the  Normans  against  Wales.    William  the  Bastard 
himself,  according  to  Brut y  Tywysogion,  was  already,  as  far  back  as  A.D.  1080,  entitled,  in 
some  inexact  sense,  to  the  designation  Brenin  y  Saeson  ar  Brytanyeit — "  King  of  the  Saxons 
and  Britons," — a  title  which  he  had  probably  obtained  more  by  policy  and  the  inspiration  of 
fear  than  by  force,  for  we  know  that  there  had  been  no  proper  conquest.     Before  even  this 
date,  between  A.D.  1070  and  1080,  he  had  sought  popularity  and  power  in  Wales  by  making 
a  pilgrimage  to  the  shrine  of  St.  David,  partly  influenced,  perhaps,  by  the  belief  which  grew 
into  a  proverb,  that  two  pilgrimages  to  St.  David's  were  equal  in  merit  to  one  to  Rome, — 

"  Roma  semel  quantum,  bis  dat  Menevia  tantum," — 

but  not  without  the  shrewd  intention  of  making  the  "Britons"  think  him  a  very  religious 
king ;  perhaps  also,  as  the  year  last  mentioned  was  within  seven  of  the  last  of  his  life,  he 
might  begin  to  feel  that  he  had  nearly  had  enough  of  blood  and  tyranny,  and  that  the  shadow 
of  the  great  coming  mystery  made  him  sober. 

Brut  y  Tywysogion  informs  us  that  "the  French  (Normans)  devastated  Ceredigion, 
Dyfed,  and  St.  David's,  and  that  Bangor  was  spoiled  by  the  Gentiles  (Danes);"  and  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  under  date  1081,  states,  "  This  year  the  king  led  an  army  into  Wales, 
and  there  he  set  free  many  hundred  persons  ; "  but  the  part  of  Wales  is  not  specified ;  probability 
is  very  strong  in  favour  of  the  North  ;  but  even  allowing  it  to  be  South,  it  might  be  only 
Morganwg  or  the  borders.  In  a  eulogium  on  the  Conqueror  the  same  chronicle  says, 
"  The  land  of  the  Britons  was  under  his  sway,  and  he  built  castles  therein."  These  were 
certainly  not  in  the  South.  Thus  in  less  than  twenty  years  after  the  battle  of  Hastings 
William's  devouring  appetite  was  itching  for  Wales,  while  as  yet  the  whole  of  England  had 
scarcely  been  swallowed,  much  less  digested ;  but  the  evidence  is  overwhelming  that  his 
gains  only  amounted  to  a  bare  recognition  of  feudal  superiority  and  occasional  payment  of 
tribute,  while  the  native  princes  continued  to  rule. 

2.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  very  specially  that  the  Conqueror  and 
his  successors  pursued  a  somewhat  exceptional  policy  with  respect  to  the  subjugation  of 
Wales.     It  is  clear  that  they  looked  upon  it  not  merely  as  a  different  country  and  nationality, 
but  as  a  hard  and  sharp  substance  to  deal  with.     Having  much   on   hand  at  home,  in 
Normandy,  and  in  Scotland,  they  sought  some  byway  and  auxiliary  means  of  dealing  with  the 
proud  and  fiery  Welsh,  and  conceived  the  happy  idea  of  calling  into  play  that  arm  of  the 
feudal  system  which  had  the  appearance  of  acting  occasionally  independently  of  the  royal 
head.     Authority  was  given  to  vassal  lords  to  push  their  fortunes  on  the  borders  of  Wales. 
The  king's  army  was  not  at  their  bidding.     Their  men-at-arms,  their  own  retainers,  and  all 
who   coveted   plunder  and   new  settlements   might  join  them ;    they   might   enter   Wales 
wherever  the  sword  made  an  opening  for  them,  overturn  the  native  and  rightful  authority, 
build  their  castles  on  the  steeps  or  on  the  plains,  and  assume  the  power  to  rule,  bound  only 
to  the  acknowledgment  of  the  king  of  England  as  supreme  lord.     It  was  precisely  repeating 
on  a  smaller  scale  the  Conqueror's  own  descent  upon  England.     By  an  assurance  of  infinite 
audacity,  William  of  Normandy  took  leave  to  consider  the  land  of  Britain  as  his  own,  to  give 
it  to  whom  he  would,  if  only  by  longer  sword  and  stronger  arm   he  could   take   it.     His 
speech  to  his  army  on  the  field  of  Hastings,  "  Remember  to  fight  well  and  put  all  to  death, 


492  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

for  if  we  conquer  we  shall  be  all  rich ;  what  I  gain,  you  will  gain  ;  if  I  conquer,  you  will 
conquer  ;  if  I  take  their  land,  you  shall  have  it,"  was  reflected  in  the  letters  of  marque  issued 
for  plunder  and  murder  in  Wales.  Then  it  was  that  the  first  Norman  earls  were  settled  at 
Chester,  Shrewsbury,  Hereford,  and  Montgomery,  in  almost  distinct  sovereignty  ;  but  in  all 
these  cases,  except  the  last  named,  the  country  had  been  already  preliminarily  conquered  by 
the  imperial  army.  The  Lords  Marchers  in  South  Wales,  in  Glamorgan,  Brecknock, 
Cydvveli,  Pembroke,  Cardigan,  &c.,  were  not  settled  in  the  same  manner;  they  were  sent 
more  like  filibusters,  against  all  law  except  "  the  law  of  the  strongest,"  authorized  to  murder 
and  pillage,  and  subject  to  indignity  and  servitude  the  rightful  and  unoffending  possessors 
of  the  land.  It  was  a  feature  of  the  times,  a  natural  and  almost  necessary  operation  of  the 
feudal  order  of  things. 

While,  therefore,  in  the  subjugation  of  Morganwg  Rufus's  will  may  well  be  allowed  to  be 
the  paramount  moral  and  political  force,  it  by  no  means  follows  that  the  work  was  not  done 
by  Fitzhamon,  as  a  military  leader,  for  the  profit  of  himself  and  his  companions,  and  in 
conjunction  at  first  with  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  and  that  thus  the  representations  of  the  early 
Cymric  records  are  substantially  correct. 

But  is  not  this  view  rendered  untenable  by  clear  statements  of  direct  conquest  of 
Glamorgan  by  William  Rufus  in  person  ?  Nothing  of  the  sort.  The  idea  of  such  a  conquest 
is  a  mere  inference,  from  data  peculiarly  scanty  and  inadequate.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle, 
although  it  follows  with  some  minuteness  the  movements  of  Rufus  in  these  years,  makes  no 
allusion  to  his  visiting  South  Wales  or  Morganwg,  or  even  preparing  an  army  or  expedition 
to  invade  them.  In  1091  he  goes  to  Normandy  "  bent  upon  his  brother  Robert's  ruin,"  and 
then  returns  to  invade  Malcolm,  king  of  Scotland.  In  1092  he  goes  "northward  to  Carlisle 
with  a  large  army,"  and  here  repairs  the  city  and  builds  a  castle.  In  1093  "  King  William 
was  very  sick  at  Gloucester,  insomuch  that  he  was  universally  reported  to  be  dead."  And 
yet,  without  a  syllable  of  evidence,  in  this  year  he  is  held  to  have  conquered  South  Wales  ! 
He  was  long  recovering  from  this  illness,  for  he  is  still  at  Gloucester  in  1094,  where  he 
"  holds  his  court."  Here  he  receives  "  messages  out  of  Normandy  from  his  brother  Robert ; " 
and  "at  Candlemas  proceeds  to  Hastings  and  embarks  for  Normandy."  Not  a  hint  through 
all  these  years  has  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  about  any  invasion  or  thought  of  South  Wales — 
an  omission  quite  incredible  in  a  chronicle  which  so  assiduously  follows  Rufus's  movements, 
if  he  had  actually  himself  been  engaged  in  systematic  aggression  and  conquest  in  this 
important  part  of  the  country. 

In  fact,  the  king's  hands  were  more  than  full  with  the  troubles  occasioned  by  Malcolm  of 
Scotland  ("  Moel  Cwlwm,  brenin  y  Picteit  ar  Albanyeit," — Brut  y  Tywysog.)  and  Robert  of 
Normandy,  and  his  own  state  of  health  was  such  that  the  extra  care  of  an  expedition  into 
Wales  was  by  no  means  likely  to  be  undertaken  by  him.  On  the  other  hand,  and  for  these 
same  reasons,  the  probability  is  strong  that  his  sanction  would  be  given  to  any  adventurous 
knights  who  might  wish  to  do  the  work.  Thus  the  vraisemblanee  of  the  native  account  here 
is  highly  interesting. 

As  we  have  said,  no  facts  are  recorded  in  any  chronicles  of  value  to  sustain  the  contrary 
theory.  That  William  was  sick  at  Gloucester  in  1092  or  1093  is  no  proof  that  he  was 
directing  warlike  operations  at  Cardiff  or  Brecknock.  That  he  was  torn  by  anxiety  by  the 
proceedings  of  his  brother  in  Normandy,  and  was  obliged  as  soon  as  his  strength  allowed  to 


NORMAN  CONQUEST   OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE.  493 

hurry  across  the  Channel,  lends  no  probability  to  the  notion  that  he  was  busy  in  personally 
conducting  a  general  conquest  of  South  Wales.  That  in  1092  according  to  the  Annales 
Cambria,  or  in  1094  according  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  the  Welsh  rose  in  arms  against 
the  Normans,  and  demolished  all  their  castles  in  Demetia  and  Ceredigion  except  Pembroke 
and  Rhyd-Cors  (probably  near  Carmarthen) — a  fact  confirmed,  without  date,  by  Brut  y 
Tywysogion,  is  only  indirect  proof  that  the  Normans  had  here  and  there  established  positions 
and  temporarily  imposed  their  yoke  on  districts,  but  is  no  proof  whatever  that  such  yoke 
was  not  imposed  by  the  Lords  Marchers  in  the  name  of  the  king,  but  without  his  formal 
co-operation,  and  without  aid  of  his  treasury  or  his  troops.  It  is  true,  as  Giraldus  tells  us 
(/////.,  ii.,  i),  that  William  did  at  some  time  or  other  penetrate,  as  his  father  had  done  before 
him,  as  far  as  St  David's,  when  he  uttered  his  threat  of  crossing  over  on  a  bridge  of  boats  to 
conquer  Ireland ;  but  how  many  years  after  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan  that  visit  to 
St.  David's  took  place,  or  whether  it  was  a  hostile  visit,  we  are  not  told,  and  therefore  the 
fact  as  quoted  in  proof  of  conquest  is  utterly  beside  the  mark.  So  of  the  order  he  gave 
Fitz-Baldwin  to  erect  the  castle  of  Rhyd-Cors;  such  an  ordef  does  not  imply  the  presence 
of  the  king  at  the  place.  No  evidence  is  producible  that  William  Rufus  conducted  an 
armed  force  from  Gloucester  to  St.  David's,  or  superintended  in  person  the  subjugation  of 
any  part  of  South  Wales.  On  his  return  from  the  journey  to  Normandy  above  noticed,  he 
is  known  to  have  conducted,  in  1095,  an  expedition  into  Wales  (see  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle), 
but  it  was  into  North  Wales  (see  p.  321).  In  1097  he  again  entered  Wales  "with  a  great 
army,"  vowing,  as  Florence  of  Worcester  informs  us,  "  the  destruction  of  every  male  in  the 
country  j"  he  remained  there,  if  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  is  correct,  "  from  midsummer  tHl 
near  August,  to  his  great  loss  in  men  and  horses  and  many  other  things,"  and  "  seeing  that  he 
could  not  effect  his  purpose,  returned  into  England  ["vacuus  ad  sua  reddit" — Annal.Cambr^ 
and  forthwith  caused  castles  to  be  built  on  the  Marches."  But  this^expedition  also  was  into 
North  Wales.  He  found  it  easier  to  build  castles  and  plant  garrisons  on  points  he  had 
reached  than  conquer  the  people.  But  even  if  he  had  done  more  than  conduct  a  great 
army,  and  fail  of  effecting  his  purpose  in  the  North,  that  were  no  proof  of  conquest  in 
Glamorgan;  and  we  may  be  sure  that  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  which  is  so  careful  in 
noting  Rufus's  doings  in  this  country,  even  when  they  issued  in  failure,  would  not  have  passed 
in  silence  a  victorious  campaign  in  South  Wales,  had  it  ever  occurred.  In  fine,  we  have  yet 
to  wait  for  the  smallest  modicum  of  evidence  that  Rufus  was  in  any  other  sense  than  through 
the  agency  of  the  Lords  Marchers  the  conqueror  of  any  part  of  South  Wales. 

That  Robert  Fitzhamon  not  only  helped  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant  against  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr, 
but  subsequently  drove  lestyn  himself  from  his  lordship,  taking  possession  of  it  in  Rufus's 
name  and  by  his  authority,  is  the  only  conclusion  we  can  come  to,  and  this  conclusion 
harmonizes  as  far  as  desirable  the  two  apparently  conflicting  views  we  have  noticed.  The 
conquest  was  William's  in  effect,  Fitzhamon's  and  his  companions'  in  reality.  A  conquest 
so  effected  would  be  in  harmony  with  feudal  custom,  and  congruous  with  the  whole  sub- 
sequent settlements  of  the  Marchers  at  Cydweli,  Pembroke,  Cemmaes  (Pemb.),  Cardigan, 
Aberystwyth,  and  the  contemporary  settlement  of  Newmarch  at  Brecknock. 

Upon  this  subject  the  opinion  of  the  learned  Sir  John  Dodridge  is  worth  citing : — "  As 
touching  the  government  of  the  Marches  of  Wales,  it  appeareth  by  divers  ancient  monuments 
that  the  Conqueror,  after  he  had  conquered  the  English,  placed  divers  of  his  Norman 


494  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

nobility  upon  the  confines  and  borders  towards  Wales,  and  erected  the  earldom  of  Chester, 
being  upon  the  borders  of  North  Wales,  to  palatine,  and  gave  powers  unto  the  said  persons 
thus  placed  to  make  such  conquest  upon  the  Welsh  as  they  by  their  strength  could  accom- 
plish, holding  it  a  very  good  policy  thereby  not  only  to  encourage  them  to  be  more  willing 
to  serve  him,  but  also  to  provide  for  them  at  other  men's  cost;  and  hereupon  further 
ordained  that  the  land  so  conquered  should  be  holden  of  the  Crown  of  England  in  capite. 
In  such  manner  did  Robert  Fitzhamon  acquire  unto  himself  and  such  others  as  assisted  him 
the  whole  lordship  of  Glamorgan,  using  in  some  semblance  the  Roman  policy  to  enlarge 
territories  by  stepping  in  between  two  competitors,  and  by  helping  the  one  [meaning,  of 
course,  lestyn,  as  against  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr]  he  subdued  the  other,  and  after  turning  the 
sword  against  him  whom  he  had  assisted,  made  himself  absolute  owner  of  all.  Likewise 
Bernard  Newmarch  conquered  the  lordship  of  Brecknock,  containing  three  cantreds,  and 
established  his  conquest  by  a  marriage  with  Nest,  daughter  of  Trahaern  ap  Llywelyn,  in 
the  Welsh  blood."  (Gov.  of  Wales  and  the  Marches,  p.  37.) 

Nothing  worthy  of  the  name  of  a  "  conquest "  of  South  Wales  had  taken  place 
when  Giraldus  wrote  his  Topographia  Cambrics  (probably  about  A.D.  1190?,  for  he  shows  the 
greatest  desire  to  instruct  the  Normans  how  to  accomplish  a  work  which  he  seemed  to 
consider  so  desirable,  and  gives  elaborate  directions  how  the  people  should  be  governed  if 
once  conquered  (see  cap.  8  and  9).  "  The  prince  who  would  wish  to  subdue  this  nation," 
he  says,  "  and  govern  it  in  peace,  must  proceed  thus  :  he  must  make  up  his  mind  to  give 
undeviating  attention  to  this  purpose  for  at  least  one  year ;  for  a  people  who,  with  a  collected 
force,  will  neither  attack  in  the  field  nor  wait  to  be  besieged  in  castles,  is  not  to  be  overcome 
at  the  first  onset,  but  to  be  worn  out  by  prudent  delay  and  patience."  Then,  further 
implying  that  the  work  was  yet  to  be  done,  he  proceeds,  "  This  portion  of  the  kingdom, 
protected  by  arms  and  courage,  might  be  of  great  use  to  the  prince,  not  only  in  these  or  the 
adjacent  parts,  but,  if  necessity  required,  in  more  remote  regions ;  and  although  the  public 
treasury  might  receive  a  smaller  annual  revenue  from  these  provinces,  yet  the  deficiency 
would  be  fully  compensated  by  the  peace  of  the  kingdom  and  the  honour  of  its  sovereign, 
especially  as  the  heavy  and  dangerous  expenses  of  one  military  expedition  into  Wales 
usually  amount  to  the  whole  income  arising  from  the  revenue  of  the  province." 


The  Settlements  of  the  Twelve  Knights. 

It  is  allowed  on  all  hands  that  Fitzhamon  took  up  his  abode  and  built  his  castle  at 
Cardiff,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  native  princes  of  Morganwg,  with  the  strongholds  of  Tre- 
fufered  and  Cynftig,  and  the  lands  thereto  appertaining,  in  addition.  (Brut y  Tywysog.)  The 
remainder  of  the  fair  and  fertile  "  Vale," — 

"Morgania  tellus, 
Pulchra  situ,  frugumque  ferax,  amcena  locorum  "  (Pentarckia), 

was  partitioned  among  his  companion  knights,  who  probably  in  many  instances  had  to 
take  possession  at  the  point  of  the  sword,  while  in  others,  where  the  rightful  owners  had 


HISTORY  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE— THE  TWELVE  LORDSHIPS.  495 

fallen  in  war,  and  were  represented  only  by  widows  and  orphans,  the  task  was  easy.  The 
names  of  these  new  possessors,  with  the  manors  they  claimed,  have  come  down  to  our  time 
— in  a  few  instances  made  ever-enduring  by  the  impress  of  local  names.  In  the  Bruls  they 
are  given  as  follows  : — 

Name.  Possession. 

Robert  Fitzhamon Caerdyf,  Trefufered,  Cenffig,  with  their  sur- 
rounding lands. 

William  de  Londres  [so  called  because  born  in  London]  .  Ogmor  [W.,  Aber-ogwr.  He  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Cydweli,  where  he  built  a  castle]. 

Richard  de  Granvyl  [otherwise  Granvil,  Grenfyld,  Granville]     Nfi.ld,  Castell-Nedd  (Neath). 

Paganus  de  Turbcrvill Coyty  [Coed-ty,  near  Bridgend]. 

Robert  de  St.  Quintin Llanblethian  [or  St.  Quintin's]. 

Richard  de  Syward Talafan,  or  Tal y  Fan,  and  the  royal  burgh  of 

Pont-faen  [Cowbridge]. 

Gilbert  de  Humfrevill Penmark—  Penmarch. 

Reginald  de  Sully Sully— Abersilt. 

Roger  de  Berkrolles,  or  "  Berclos "      .         .         .  .     East  Orchard— St.  Athan's. 

Peter  le  Soore      .........     Peterston — Llanbedr  ar  Fro. 

John  le  Fleming St.  George—  Llanyfdwyn. 

Oliver  de  St.  John       ........     Fonmon — Abiirbarnant. 

William  de  Esterling  [corrupted  Stradling]  .         .         .         .St.  Dong's— Llanwerydd. 

It  is  very  remarkable  how  soon  the  blood  of  these  foreign  settlers  vanished  from  Glamor- 
ganshire. Fitzhamon  himself,  dying  after  twelve  years  of  possession,  left  no  son,  and  his 
daughter,  Mabel,  carried  his  wealth  to  Robert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  natural  son  of  Henry  I. 
by  Nest,  daughter  of  Prince  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr.  In  the  sixteenth  century  the  Stradlings  were 
the  only  family  descended  in  the  male  line  from  the  Norman  chieftains,  and  even  these  have 
long  ago  passed  away.  (See  Stradling  of  St.  Donat's.)  By  female  descent  the  name  Tur- 
bervill  still  continues  in  the  county — a  solitary  relic  of  a  long  and  distinguished  line  (see 
Coity  Castle,  and  Ewenny  Abbey). 

The  lands  of  Glamorgan  being  thus  partitioned  between  his  companions  in  arms,  Fitz- 
hamon is  said  to  have  displayed  some  generosity — a  thing  quite  unusual  with  his  race — • 
towards  a  few  of  the  foiled  and  deprived  native  chieftains,  and,  as  was  natural,  towards  the 
native  leaders  who  had  rendered  him  material  assistance.  Chief  of  the  latter  class,  Einion 
ap  Cadivor  ap  Collwyn,  useful  to  him  at  the  Norman  court,  as  well  as  in  the  field,  had 
assigned  him,  along  with  Miskin,  the  hill  stronghold  of  Senghenydd  (St.  Cenydd),  which  in 
after  times  grew  into  celebrity  and  vast  proportions  (see  Caerphilly  Castle}.  Others  have 
said  that  the  lordship  alone  was  given  to  Einion,  and  that  Fitzhamon  kept  the  castle  to  him- 
self. Of  the  former  class  were  the  sons  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  four  in  number,  who  had 
each  a  portion  of  territory  ;  Caradoc  receiving  Aberafan,  and  "  the  whole  country  between 
the  rivers  Nedd  and  Afan,  in  the  lordship  of  Rial ; "  Madoc  receiving  the  lordship  01 
"  Rhuthyn  ; "  Hywel,  Llantrithyd ;  and  Rhys,  the  lordship  of  Soflen,  between  the  rivers 
Nc-dd  and  Tawe.  Another  chieftain,  supposed  to  be  of  the  native  race,  Rotpert  ap 
Seisyllt,  received  "  the  lordship  of  Maes  Essyllt,"  the  locality  of  which  cannot  be  with  cer- 
tainty determined.  These  are  the  dispositions  made  to  the  Welsh  leaders,  according  to 
Brut  y  Tywysogion  (Aberpergwm  copy),  the  correctness  of  which  is  not  impeached  by  its 
comparison  with  the  extents  recently  discovered  at  the  Public  Record  Office,  which  are  of 
so  late  a  date  as  the  reign  of  Henry  III. 

The  government  set  up  by  Robert  Fitzhamon  was  all  but  absolutely  centred  in  himself. 


49«  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

He  held  his  monthly  court  at  Cardiff  Castle,  where  he  heard  plaints  and  gave  decisions  in 
matters  civil  and  criminal,  and  received  appeals  against  decisions  of  the  subordinate  barons, 
who,  each  in  his  own  lordship,  likewise  exercised  jurisdiction.  As  he  held  from  the  king,  so 
they  held  from  him,  and  owed  him  fealty  and  service.  The  tenure  of  Fitzhamon,  Newmarch, 
and  the  other  chief  lords  of  the  Marches  of  Wales,  differed  in  several  points  from  that  of  the 
English  barons,  for  the  latter  held  by  charters  granted  in  writing  by  the  sovereign,  wherein 
the  boundaries  of  their  lands  and  the  laws  according  to  which  they  were  to  rule  were 
explicitly  laid  down  ;  whereas  the  lords  of  the  Marches,  having  fought  and  won  on  their 
own  account,  held  in  a  sense  by  right  of  conquest,  without  charters,  and  with  a  greater 
measure  of  independence.  The  reason  of  this  exceptional  advantage  on  the  part  of  the 
chief  Lord  Marchers  is  said  to  have  been  that  until  their  lands  were  gained  by  adventure  it 
was  impossible  for  the  king  to  issue  a  definite  charter,  and  when  the  conquest  had  been 
made  the  successful  knight  preferred  not  to  apply  for  a  charter  which  would  only  limit  his 
own  liberty  of  rule  and  further  conquest. 

It  is,  ho\yever,  not  to  be  understood  that  this  freedom  was  enjoyed  by  the  less  prominent 
barons  in  Wales,  and  especially  in  the  later  conquests.  In  the  inspeximus  of  a  "  Deed 
from  King  Edward  to  Roger  Mortymer  of  Gene'r-glyn,"  &c.,  authorizing  "  the  exchange 
between  Llewelyn,  son  of  the  said  Roger,  and  Jeffrey  Clement,  for  Coetmor"  (see  further, 
p.  169),  we  have  a  sample  of  instruments  of  the  kind  occasionally  met  with.  But  they  are 
rare,  and  it  is  said  that  none  have  been  discovered  relating  to  the  chief  early  Marchers  before 
the  conquest  of  Wales  by  Edward. 

Of  the  peculiar  privileges  of  jurisdiction  enjoyed  by  these  local  reguli  Sir  John  Dodridge, 
referring  pointedly  to  Fitzhamon,  Newmarch,  and  Hugh  de  Lacy,  says,  "  And  because, 
they  and  their  posterity  might  the  better  keep  the  said  lands  so  acquired  .  .  .  the  said 
lordships  and  lands  so  conquered  were  ordained  Baronies  Marchers,  and  had  a  kind  of 
palatine  jurisdiction  erected  in  every  of  them,  and  power  to  administer  justice  unto 
their  tenants  [tenentes — men  holding  land  in  fief]  in  every  of  their  territories,  having  therein 
courts  with  divers  privileges.  .  .  So  that  the  writs  of  ordinary  justice  out  of  the  king's 
courts  were  for  the  most  part  not  current  amongst  them."  (Gov.  of  Wales  and  Marches, 
p.  38.)  These  privileges,  termed  jura  regalia,  reflections  of  the  absolutist  and  summary  rule 
of  the  Norman  in  England,  empowered  the  lord  to  make  as  well  as  administer  law  in  his 
own  territory.  Some  of  the  harsher  features  of  this  rule  we  have  already  detailed  when 
referring  to  Newmarch's  government  of  Brecknock  (see  p.  72). 

But  strong  as  was  the  Norman  baron's  arm,  the  spirit  of  the  Welsh  in  many  instances 
refused  to  bend  to  new-made  or  foreign  laws,  even  when  their  land  had  been  taken  from 
them,  and  they  were  allowed  to  hold  and  cultivate  only  on  condition  of  doing  homage  to 
the  pillager.  Wounded  and  prostrate,  they  yet  turned  on  their  overthrower  a  look  of 
defiance  which  made  him  tremble  and  grant  their  demands.  They  claimed  government 
according  to  their  own  laws  and  customs.  In  cases  this  was  fully,  in  others  partially  granted, 
in  some  refused ;  and  we  find  to  this  day  in  use  those  mysterious  designations  of  neighbour- 
ing districts,  as  Wallicana  or  Anglicana,  Welsh  or  English,  Welsherie  or  Englisherie,  which 
had  their  origin  in  these  practices.  We  find  in  Glamorganshire  Coity  Anglicana  and  Coity 
Wallicana,  Avan  Anglicana  and  Avan  Wallicana;  and  in  Breconshire,  Haia  Wallicana, 
"  the  Welsh  Hay,"  and  Haia  Anglicana ;  English  Talgarth  and  Welsh  Talgarth,  &c.  A 


HISTORY— TIMES  SUCCEEDING  THE  CONQUEST.  497 

district  which  refused  to  be  governed  by  any  but  the  ancient  laws  of  the  country  were 
called  Welsh  and  "  Welsherie;"  and  vice  versa.  Fitzhamon  himself  was  besieged  in  his  own 
castle  of  Cardiff  on  this  very  question,  and  compelled  to  give  way.  Even  Turbervill,  of 
Coity,  one  of  his  own  knights,  but  who  had  identified  himself  with  the  Cymry  by  marrying 
the  heiress  of  Coity  (see  Coity  Casile],  had  joined  and  led  the  insurrection.  The  account, 
as  given  in  Brut  y  Tywysogion  (Book  of  Aberpergwm),  A.D.  1091,  says,  "  The  men  of 
Morganwg  and  Gwaen-llwg  arose  en  masse  ["ynun  llu"],  overthrew  the  castles  of  the  French, 
killing  nearly  all  the  defenders,  and  Paen  Twrbil,  lord  of  the  castle  of  Coety,  was  leader  of 
the  people  of  the  country.  He  would  not  hold  his  lands  except  in  right  of  his  wife,  the 
heiress  of  Meurig  ap  Gruffydd  ap  lestyn ;  he  led  his  hosts  to  Caer-Dydd,  and  began  to 
destroy  the  castle.  When  Robert  ap  Amon  [Fitzhamon]  beheld  this  and  asked  the  reason, 
Paen  Twrbil  made  known  that  the  Cymry  would  only  consent  to  be  governed  according  to 
the  ancient  privileges  and  customs  of  their  country  and  the  laws  of  Howel  Dda,  and  would 
have  their  land  free  \i.  e.,  free  from  socage,  or  military  service] ;  and  on  account  of  the 
greatness  of  the  multitude,  Robert  deemed  it  well  to  follow  the  course  that  would  satisfy  the 
Cymry.  The  country  then  had  rest ;  Paen  Twrbil  held  his  lands  and  privileges  by  right 
of  his  wife;  the  people  of  the  country  held  their  lands  free,  and  properly  enjoyed  their 
privileges  and  customs,  as  they  had  always  done  before  the  time  of  the  French.  When  this 
state  of  things  was  fully  settled  in  Morganwg,  many  of  the  Welsh  nation  came  from  South 
Wales  and  North  Wales  to  Morganwg,  to  enjoy  a  quieter  life  than  was  found  in  the  other 
countries." 

Times  succeeding  the  Conquest. 

Fitzhamon  was  a  favourite  at  the  Norman  court,  and  through  his  brief  government  ot 
some  dozen  years  in  Glamorgan  was  both  a  considerate  and  successful  ruler.  He  was  raised 
to  the  dignity  of  Earl  of  Gloucester ;  after  the  death  of  Rufus  became  a  strong  partisan  of 
Henry  I.  against  his  brother  Robert  of  Normandy  ;  and  upon  his  capture  Robert  was  com- 
mitted as  prisoner  to  his  keeping  at  Cardiff  Castle,  where  he  remained  for  many  years.  Fitz- 
hamon having  no  son,  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan  went  with  his  daughter  Mabel,  who  was 
espoused  by  Henry's  illegitimate  son,  Robert  of  Gloucester.  Though  a  Welshman  on  his 
mother's  side,  being  the  son  of  Nest,  of  more  prominent  than  attractive  fame,  the  daughter  of 
the  fallen  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr,  Robert  attempted  to  rivet  more  closely  rather  than  loosen  the 
feudal  chains  which  Fitzhamon  had  rather  easily  placed  on  the  limbs  of  Morganwg ;  but  he 
found  that  the  people  retained  some  notion  of  liberty  while  owning  fealty  and  moderate 
service  to  Norman  lords,  and  the  result  was  a  mighty  rising  of  the  country,  the  investment 
and  storming  of  Cardiff  Castle,  and  finally  the  release  of  Robert  upon  his  making  solemn 
oath  to  respect  the  laws  and  immunities  of  the  natives. 

For  a  long  time  Glamorgan  remained  a  part  of  the  possessions  of  the  earldom  of 
Gloucester.  It  was  often  subject  to  violent  commotions,  the  spirit  of  the  people  remaining 
strongly  national  and  independent,  persistent  and  often  successful  in  claiming  the  restitution 
of  ancient  privileges.  Still,  from  the  iron  grasp  of  the  feudal  system  they  were  not  able  to 
free  themselves.  That  form  of  society  prevailed  for  at  least  two  centuries,  and  substantially 
continued  till  the  radical  change  introduced  by  the  eighth  Henry. 


498  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

To  the  461)1  of  Henry  III.,  or  A.D.  1262,  belong  a  series  of  interesting  documents  recently 
disinterred  at  the  Public  Record  Office  (Wallia,  Bag  I.,  No.  15),  and  proofs  of  which 
through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Burtt,  have  been  placed  in  our  hands.  These  consist  of 
Extentte,  or  "  returns,"  ten  in  number,  from  the  district  of  Morganwg  and  Gwent,  their 
object  being,  as  usual,  to  ascertain  under  royal  command  ("per  preceptum  domini  regis")  the 
value  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester's  feudal  rights  in  these  parts,  in  order  to  find  a  basis  upon 
which  to  calculate  the  king's  claim  to  revenue  from  the  same.  Those  in  Glamorgan  relate 
to  Cardiff  ("  Kairdiff"),  Llantrisant  ("  Lantrissen  "),  Llangonyd  ("  Languniht "),  Neath 
("  Neht "),  and  Llanilltyd  and  Llysworney  ("  Laniltwit  and  Liswrini ").  The  Norman 
spelling  of  names  of  places  and  persons  shows  a  commendable  attempt  at  imitating  the 
native  articulation.  The  returns  show  what  dues  were  receivable  by  the  lord  from  burgage 
rents,  from  free  tenants  and  cotters,  from  market  tolls,  fairs,  courts  of  law,  demesne  lands, 
and  mills,  as  well  as  obligations  of  labour  in  harvest-time,  and  in  repairing  implements  of 
husbandry,  &c.,  for  the  lord.  A  board  or  jury  of  inquisitors — the  modern  name  would  be 
"Commissioners  of  Taxes  " — was  ordained  in  each  lordship  to  conduct  the  investigation  and 
render  report  on  oath  ("  per  sacramentum  ").  These  in  Cardiff,  judging  from  their  names — 
Robert  Upedyke,  Stephen  Bagedrip,  Richard  Lude,  and  nine  others, — were  all  of  foreign 
blood,  taken  probably  from  castle  officials  and  dependants,  for  at  that  time  Cardiff  consisted 
of  little  else ;  but  in  other  places  they  were  as  exclusively  Welsh,  as  will  be  seen  in  the 
example  of  "  Lantrissen."  This  shows  that  a  kind  of  rough  impartiality  as  regarded  the 
nationality  of  the  "  commissioners  "  was  observed.  At  "  Neht "  they  are  quite  mixed  ;  and 
at  "  Languniht "  all  Welsh.  The  importance  of  the  »«V/-toll  (molendinum)  is  very  obvious, 
for  at  Cardiff,  while  the  return  for  the  town  is  only  £20  45.  8d.,  the  mill-tolls  yield  the 
respectable  sum  of  .£46.  The  advowson  of  the  parish  is  not  forgotten.  It  is  clear  that 
there  had  been  recent  fighting,  and  the  superiority  of  peace  over  war  is  implied  when  the 
Llantrisant  mill,  which  now  produces  of  available  dues  only  twenty  shillings,  "  tempore 
pacis  "  yielded  twenty  marks.  Another  mill,  whose  customary  value  was  also  twenty  marks, 
is  regretfully  mentioned  as  wholly  burnt  down  and  destroyed  ("  combustum  est  etdestructum 
omnino  ")  ;  while  not  fewer  than  a  hundred  houses  in  Llantrisant  alone  had  been  ruined  by 
war.  This  inquisition  had  probably  been  made  after  one  of  the  frequent  incursions  of  the 
Welsh  into  the  lordship.  We  give  first  the  Llantrisant  return  : — 

"EXTENTA  DE  LANTRISSEN. 

"  Extenta  de  Lantrissen  per  preceptum  domini  Regis  facta  per  sacramentum  Howell  Vochan,  Ivor  ab 
Cacherot,  Lewelin  ab  Meuric,  Yorverht  ab  Adam,  Yvwan  ab  Yssac,  Yorverht  ab  Wrgeneo,  Yorverht  Vochan, 
Lewelin  ab  Howell,  Griffid  Goch  ab  Lewelin,  Philip  ab  Lewelin,  Yvwan  ab  Wiann,  et  Griffid  GOch  ab 
Howell.  Qui  jurati  dicunt  quod, — • 

Redditus  burgi  est xiij'  iiijd 

Et  de  redditibus  Hberorum  et  rusticorum    .         .                  .         .         .         .         .         .         .    x"     o  o 

Et  de  auxilio  ad  lardarium         ............  xv  o 

Et  pro  molendino  de  Brosseley           ...........  iij  iiij 

Et  dominicum  debile  continet  v  carucatas  terre  valet  tempore  pac;s     .....  1  o 

Et  vij  acre  more  que  potest  falcari    ...........  viij  viij 

Et  de  piscaria   ...............  ij  o 

Et  de  j  Molendino    ..............  xx  o 

Et  de  Forestariis       ..............  x  o 

Et  de  servicio  rusticorum  in  autumpno       ..........  xiij  iiij 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— FEUDAL  CHARGES.  499 

Et  de  pannagio          ..............  iiij  o 

Et  de  redditu  plumbi         .............  x  o 

Et  de  Trewern  et  Lanveir  ad  auxilium  ad  lardarium  ........  vj  o 

Et  de  redditu  et  servicio  liberorum  et  rusticorum  captorum  de  tenementis  de  Sancti  Fagano  Ixiij  ix  ob 

Et  de  erbagio  ibidem         .............  x  o 

Et  de  terra  locata  ibidem  .............  xix  o 

Et  de  redditu  Adaaf  ab  Yvor  pro  j  esperuario      .........  ij  o 

Et  de  placitis  et  perquisitis  curiarum  ...........  x1 


o 


Summa  xxxij"     x'      vob 

"  Et  est  ibi  advocacio  ecclesie  de  Lantrissen  que  valet  xx  marcas  et  pertinet  ad  Comitem.  Et  advocacio 
ecclesie  de  Pentirech  que  valet  iiij  marcas.  Et  memorandum  quod  predictum  molendinum  tempore  pacis  solet 
valere  xx  marcas.  Et  aliud  molendinum  quod  ibidem  similiter  solet  valere  xx  marcas  combustam  est  et 
destntctum  omnino.  Et  C.  mansiones  sunt  ibidem  destructe  et  degwerra.  Et  memorandum  quod  filii  Morgan 
Cadewalthan  habent  Glynrotheni." 

• 

Then  follow  the  signatures  of  the  jury,  "  Howel  Vochan,"  &c.,  as  above ;  with  certain 
names  omitted,  not  being  within  call,  perhaps,  at  the  time. 

When  a  hundred  dwellings  lay  in  ruins  in  Llantrisant  alone,  we  may  judge  of  the 
devastating  character  of  the  "  gwerra  "  carried  on  between  the  recalcitrating  Welsh  and  their 
Norman  lords ;  and  also  that  the  population  of  the  parts  was  not  very  sparse.  The  sons  of 
Morgan  Cadwallon,  here  mentioned  as  in  possession  of  Glynrothen,  were  doubtless  men  of 
some  note  ;  but  whether  holding  their  lands  in  fee  to  the  lord  of  Morganwg,  or  in  defiance 
of  him,  the  word  "  habent  "  is  scarcely  sufficient  to  show. 

Welsh  proper  names  in  this  foreign  dress  give  us  a  clue  to  the  Welsh  pronunciation  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  "Vochan  "  not  only  detects  Fychan  (junior,  little)  on  its  way  to  the 
modern  Vaughan,  but  plainly  tells  that  the  Cymric  y  was  sounded  in  those  days  in 
Morganwg  in  the  broad  way  still  preserved  in  North  Wales.  The  b  in  the  patronymic  ab 
also  shows  that  this  contrast  to  the  ap  of  the  North  is  not  of  recent  birth.  "  Yowan  "  is 
levan  beginning  to  assume  the  form  Owen  ;  and  "  Yorverht  "  intimates  the  existence  even 
then  of  the  terminal  aspirate  now  represented  by  (A,  but  then  attempted  to  be  represented  by 
lit.  The  same  is  observable  in  "  Neht "  below. 

"  EXTENTA   DE   NEHT  [Nedd]. 

"  Extenta  de  Neht  per  preceptum  domini  Regis  facta  per  sacramentum  Henrici  Vochan,  Madoc  ab  Rees, 
Lewelin  ab  Hailon,  Cradouc  ab  Wasmeir,  Cradouc  ab  Wrgan,  Madanev  ab  Yorverlit,  Mauricii  Molendinarii, 
Gilbert!  Cachevrench,  Rees  ab  Ithenerht,  Johannis  le  Wogare,  Petri  de  Corndune,  Ade  Huse.  Qui 
dicunt  quod, — 

£>  redditu  burgensium  et  Cotariorum cxij'  o" 

t-t  de  redditu  libere  tenencium  forinsecorum xvj  o 

Et  de  redditu  Walensium           ............  xxxij  x  ob 

Et  de  Molendino xl  o 

Et  dominicum  parvum  et  debile  valet        ..........  xiij  x 

Et  de  xiij  acris  prati           .............  vj  vj 

Et  de  prisis  cervisie            .............  v  o 

Et  de  tholoneo          ..............  xij 

Et  de  gurgite  et  piscaria    .............  vj  viij 

Et  de  finibus  et  perquisitis  curiarum  ...........  xx  o 

Summa     xij"     xiij"  xjdob 

"  Et  est  advocacio  ecclesie  ibidem  de  Neht  pertinens  ad  Comitem  que  valet  x  marcas.  Et  molendinum 
supradictum  tempore  pacis  solet  valere  ix  marcas  [  =  £,"]  6s.  8d.,  but  now,  alas  !  only  forty  shillings],  Et 
vij"  et  x  mansiones  [150  dwellings]  ibidem  sunt  combuste  et  destructe  per  guerram." 

Then  follow  the  names  of  the  jury  of  returns,  "  Henricus  Vochan,"  &c. 


Soo  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Thus  we  see,  without  quoting  further  from  these  valuable  documents  now  being  prepared 
for  publication  in  the  forthcoming  Journal  of  tlie  Archaic/logical  Institute,  that  the  inhabitants 
of  Glamorgan  in  the  thirteenth  century  were  generally  placed  under  the  conditions  of  feudal 
service.  Those  who  held  lands,  held  under  the  then  lord  of  the  district,  the  Earl  of 
Gloucester,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  inhabitants  were  probably  of  the  free  villein  class  ; 
but  it  is  improbable  that  any  were  reduced  to  the  low  condition  of  the  theowes  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons.  The  Norman  demand  was  not  for  absolute  property  in  the  person,  and  his 
degradation  into  a  chattel,  but  that  in  return  for  his  freedom,  his  holding  of  land,  his  keeping 
a  mill,  or  enjoying  an  ecclesiastical  benefice,  he  should  pay  so  much  tribute  or  service  to  his 
gracious  superior.  Adaaf  ab  Yvor  at  Llantrisant,  if  he  must  indulge  in  the  luxury  of  sport 
with  a  sparrow-hawk,  might  go  to  the  lord's  woods  and  take  game,  but  he  must  pay  for  the 
pleasure  "  two  shillings  "  to  dominus  Rex.  His  reverence,  the  cure  of  Llantrisant,  in  those 
sunny  days  for  priests,  might  go  about,  as  Piers  Plowman  has  it, — 

"  A  pricker  on  a  palfrey  from  manor  to  manor, 

An  heap  of  hounds  [behind  him]  an  he  a  lord  were ;  " 
or  as  Chaucer  says, — 

"When  he  rode  men  might  his  bridle  heare 
Gingling  in  a  whistling  wind,  as  clear 
And  eke  as  loud  as  doth  the  chapelle  belle  ;  " 

but  he  must  remember  that  he  held  an  "  advocacio "  which  belonged  to  his  lord  the  earl 
("pertinet  ad  comitem").  The  mill  at  Llantrisant,  which  in  time  of  peace  paid  twenty  marks, 
now  that  the  war,  making  eaters  fewer  and  the  fields  less  productive,  had  reduced  its 
custom,  was  allowed  to  go  on  the  easier  terms  of  "  twenty  shillings  ;  "  but,  no  tax,  no  grinding. 
If  the  cottarii  wished  to  fatten  their  hogs  on  acorns  in  the  lord's  forest,  and  thus  provide 
bacon  for  winter  (as  the  Welsh  cottiers  still-  are  fond  of  doing),  they  must  obtain  this 
"  auxilium  ad  lardarium "  at  the  cost  of  "  fifteen  shillings."  Fishing  was  allowed  in  the 
streams,  ponds,  and  in  "gurgites"  (weirs?)  ;  and  the  well-to-do  Cymro,  like  the  idlers  of  the 
foreign  race,  might  while  away  his  leisure  in  the  "  gentle  art,"  the  only  penalty  being  "  de 
gurgite  et  piscaria,"  six  shillings  and  eightpence, — the  prototype,  perhaps,  of  the  modern 
attorney's  fee  for  writing  a  letter.  Though  a  solidus  of  that  time  was  of  far  greater  value 
than  the  shilling  of  to-day,  the  imposts  on  the  whole  were  moderate  for  an  age  of  conquest, 
amounting  perhaps  to  a  considerably  smaller  per-centage  than  the  cost  of  "  cheap  govern- 
ment "  under  constitutional  management  in  the  England  of  to-day,  where  we  have  an  income 
tax  for  those  who  have  incomes,  and  a  series  of  taxes,  "  direct  and  indirect,"  still  more  heavy 
for  those  who  have  no  "  incomes,"  but  still  must  try  to  eat,  be  clothed,  and  housed. 

The  extenta  give  a  picture  in  few  but  expressive  and  faithful  touches  of  the  state  ot 
things  in  Glamorgan  about  the  end  of  Henry  III.'s  reign.  To  the  west  of  Glamorgan,  in 
Dyfed,  or  what  in  those  days  went  by  the  name  South  Wales  (Debeubarth,  "the  part  to  the 
right,"  as  you  looked,  in  the  orthodox  fashion  of  the  time,  to  the  east),  things  were  very 
different,  and  not  quite  so  bad  in  point  of  systematic  subjection  to  a  foreign  yoke,  albeit 
quite  as  bad  or  even  worse  in  point  of  real  popular  suffering,  by  reason  of  the  contentions 
of  the  various  chieftains.  Glamorgan,  at  least,  had  the  advantage  of  being  in  some  measure 
settled.  We  have  no  adequate  proof  that  west  of  Glamorgan  and  Brecknock  the  principle 
of  feudal  tenure  and  service  had  been  established  ;  but  the  Norman  power  had  nevertheless 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE.  501 

made  considerable  progress  since,  a  century  earlier,  Giraldus  encouraged  the  work  of 
conquest  (see  p.  494).  The  Lords  Marchers  had  not  only  planted  castles  as  temporary 
posts  when  making  raids  or  hasty  progresses,  as  facilities  for  retreating,  but  had  built 
powerful  and  permanent  fortresses,  and  taken  possession  of  large  districts — as  at  Cydweli, 
Pembroke,  Cardigan,  and  even  ancient  and  royal  Dinefawr.  Prince  Edward,  soon  to 
become  Edward  I.  and  conqueror  of  Wales,  was  already  born ;  and  the  coming  end  was 
foreshadowed  in  ever-deepening  lines  in  the  deprivation  of  the  Welsh  princes  in  succession 
of  power  to  rule  in  their  own  name  as  princes,  and  their  reduction  to  the  status  of  "  lords  " 
only.  (See  under  "  Carmarthenshire,"  p.  239.)  But  they  had  not  been  forbidden  the  form 
of  rule.  They  had  their  armies,  and  through  cunning  policy  were  allowed  to  maintain  their 
contentions.  But  their  movements  were  at  any  time  liable  to  be  checked,  and  themselves 
to  be  called  to  account  by  "  the  King  of  London,"  and  one  of  their  chief  functions  was  to 
collect  "  tribute  "  for  that  king. 

Several  earls  in  succession  had  been  instrumental  in  bringing  Glamorgan  into  the 
condition  indicated  above.  The  Earl  Robert  last  mentioned,  son  of  Henry  I.,  was  followed 
by  his  son  William,  who  is  said  by  Giraldus  (/fin.,  6)  to  have  possessed  by  hereditary  right, 
besides  "  the  castle  of  Caerdyf,  all  the  province  of  Gwladvorgan."  In  his  time,  the  arch- 
deacon adds,  "an  extraordinary  circumstance  occurred  at  Caerdyf.  The  earl  "had  a 
dispute  with  one  of  his  dependants,  Ivor  Bach — a  man  of  short  stature  but  of  great 
courage,"  who  was  "  owner  of  a  tract  of  mountainous  and  woody  country,  of  the  whole  or 
part  of  which  the  earl  endeavoured  to  deprive  him.  At  that  time  the  castle  of  Caerdyf  was 
surrounded  with  high  walls,  guarded  by  120  men-at-arms,  a  numerous  body  of  archers,  and 
a  strong  watch.  The  city  also  contained  a  large  number  of  stipendiary  soldiers  ;  yet  in 
defiance  of  all  these  precautions,  Ivor,  in  the  dead  of  night,  secretly  scaled  the  walls,  and 
seizing  the  count  and  countess,  with  their  only  son,  carried  them  off  into  the  woods,  nor 
did  he  release  them  until  he  had  recovered  everything  that  had  been  unjustly  taken,  and 
received  a  compensation  of  additional  property."  The  story  throws  light  on  the  relations 
of  conqueror  and  conquered  at  the  time. 

Through  Earl  William's  daughter,  Amicia,  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan  passed  to  the  line 
of  De  Clare.  Four  of  her  sons  followed  in  succession,  of  whom  the  last,  Gilbert,  fell  at 
Bannockburn  A.D.  1-314,  when  the  lordship  descended  to  his  three  sisters.  About  this  time, 
A.D.  1315,  the  natives  revolted ;  frequent  changes  had  weakened  the  proprietors;  and  the 
revolt  was  not  suppressed  until  some  feudal  exactions  which  gave  offence  were  removed. 
The  eldest  of  De  Clare's  sisters  married  the  rapacious  Sir  Hugh  Despencer,  who  in  her 
right  claimed  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan.  Edward  II.  made  the  Despencers  his  favourites, 
and  advanced  their  views  in  every  possible  way ;  but  the  county  became  the  scene  of 
violence  and  confusion ;  the  barons  confederated  against  the  Court,  ravaged  Despencer's 
manors,  and  at  last,  A.D.  1321,  drove  him  into  banishment.  On  the  return  of  the 
Despencers,  the  younger  not  only  obtained  the  restoration  of  his  Glamorgan  estates,  but 
their  augmentation  by  new  grants.  In  the  subsequent  revolt  of  the  barons,  headed  by 
Edward's  queen  and  Earl  Mortimer,  A.D.  1327,  the  king,  clinging  to  the  family  which  was 
dragging. him  to  ruin,  rather  than  consult  the  interest  of  his  kingdom,  when  Bristol  was 
captured  and  the  elder  Despencer,  its  governor,  brutally  executed,  embarked  in  company 

a  L 


502  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

with  the  young  Despencer  for  Ireland,  but  being  driven  back  to  his  fate  by  contrary  winds, 
landed  on  the  coast  of  Glamorgan,  and  took  refuge  in  Neath  Abbey.  When  discovered  in 
this  retreat,  he  was  removed  to  Monmouth,  and  then  to  Kenilworth,  soon  after  to  be 
deposed ;  while  Despencer  was  taken  to  Hereford,  and  there  hanged  and  quartered. 

Henry  Beauchamp,  Earl  of  Warwick,  son  of  Isabella  Despencer,  left  the  lordship  of 
Glamorgan  to  his  sister  and  heiress,  Ann  Beauchamp.  Ann  Neville,  her  daughter  by  the 
king-making  Earl  of  Warwick  and  Salisbury,  was  espoused  first  to  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales, 
killed  at  Tewkesbury,  and  secondly  married  to  Richard  III.,  who  fell  on  Bosworth  Field, 
A.D.  1485.  At  this  time  and  since  the  revolt  to  join  Owen  Glyndwr,  the  condition  of  the 
people  was  wretched.  The  lordship  was  now  bestowed  by  the  Tudor  Henry  VII.  upon  his 
uncle,  Jasper  Tudor,  Earl  of  Pembroke  and  Duke  of  Bedford,  on  whose  demise  in  1495  it 
reverted  to  the  Crown.  The.  lordship  during  this  interval  had  rest  and  prospered. 
Henry  VIII.  in  his  twenty-seventh  year  abolished  the  jura  regalia  of  the  Lords  Marchers, 
and  constituted  Glamorgan  a  county.  Thus  ends  the  separate  history  of  this  important 
district.  The  Crown,  however,  continued  after  the  Act  of  Union  and  the  obliteration  of  the 
Marches  to  exercise  extensive  rights  of  property  in  the  county,  for  it  was  by  Edward  VI. 
that  numerous  manors,  including  that  of  Newton  Nottage,  were  given  to  Sir  William  Herbert, 
afterwards  Earl  of  Pembroke  (see  Rev.  H.  H.  Knight's  Newton  Nottage). 

In  the  British  Museum  (Harl.  Coll.,  Nos.  368  and  6103  Plut.)  are  some  particulars  of 
interest  bearing  on  the  history  of  Glamorgan,  written,  judging  from  internal  evidence,  in  the 
time  of  Mary  or  Elizabeth.  They  relate  to  the  geography,  conquest,  lordships,  Middle 
Age  government,  and  later  history  of  the  district,  agreeing  in  many  points  with  the  informa- 
tion embodied  in  the  preceding  pages,  and  furnishing  a  few  new  facts.  The  power  of  the 
"  lorde  of  this  lordshippe,  ever  since  the  wynnynge  of  the  same,"  is  said  to  embrace  "  the 
triall  of  all  accions  as  well  reall  as  personalle,  and  plees  of  the  Crowne,  and  auctoritie  to 
pardone  all  offences,  Treason  onlie  excepted."  The  eleven  lordships  subordinate  to 
Cardiff  are  said  like  that  lordship  itself  to  possess  "jura  regalia  used  in  all  thinges  saving 
that  yf  anye  falsse  judgmente  given  in  anye  of  the  Cowrtes  "  of  the  said  inferior  lordship, 
"  it  shoulde  be  reverssed  by  a  writte  of  falsse  judgmente  in  the  Countie  Cowrte  of  Glamorgan 
and  Morgannok  as  superior  Cowrte.  .  .  .  Also  all  matters  of  conscience  happeninge  in 
debate  in  any  of  the  saide  members  should  be  hearde  and  determined  in  the  Chancerie  of 
Glamorgan  and  Morgannok  before  the  Chancellor  thereof."  These  terms  "  chancerie  "  and 
"chancellor"  would  seem  to  refer  to  an  arrangement  which  came  into  existence  under 
Edward  III.  (See  Chancery  of  Carmarthen,  pp.  245-6.) 

We  then  are  told,  "  The  bodie  of  the  said  lordshippe  of  Glamorgan  and  Morgannok  was 
before  the  alteracion  of  the  lawes  in  Walles  a  countie  of  itsealfe,  wherein  the  lorde  had  two 
Castells  and  three  Market  Townes,  viz.,  the  Castell  and  towne  of  Kenfyge,  in  the  weste  parte 
thereof,  and  Coubridge  towne  in  the  middeste,  and  the  towne  and  Castell  of  Cardiff  in  the 
este  part,  in  the  which  Castell  of  Cardiff  the  Lorde  did  moste  inhabit,  and  therein  he  had 
his  Chancerie  and  an  escheker,  and  a  faire  Cowrte-house  wherein  the  Countie  Cowrte  was 
monthlie  kept  on  the  Mondaie  for  all  the  suters  of  the  shere  fee,  that  is  to  witte,  of  the 
bodie  of  the  saide  lordshippe  itsealfe  withoute  the  saide  members." 

Further  : — "  In  the  saide  shere,  or  bodie  of  the  saide  Lordshippe,  were  i3  Castells,  and 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— LORDSHIP  OF  GOWER.  503 

36  Knyghte  fees  and  an  halfe  that  helde  of  the  Lordshippe  of  Gamorgan  and  Morgannok, 
by  knyghte  service,  beside  a  great  nombre  of  freeholdars.  ...  In  eyghte  of  the  saide 
membres  were  10  Castelle  and  4  borough  tovvnes." 

The  date  of  the  document  is  approximately  implied  where  it  says  that  of  the  eleven 
lordships,  "  Mr.  Robarte  Gamege,  Esquier,  occupieth  one  at  this  dale,  descended  unto  hym 
from  the  Turbervilles,  his  auncestors,  that  is  to  witte,  the  Lordshippe  of  Coetye.  [See  under 
"Old  and  Extinct  Families,"  Gamage,  Coity  Castle.'}  And  the  heire  of  John  Bassett  enjoieth 
an  other,  that  is  to  witte,  the  Lordshippe  of  Talavan  by  purchasse  from  Kinge  Edwarde 
the  VI." 

"  And  the  other  9  membres  with  12  of  the  aforesaide  knyghte  fees,  and  all  the  Castells, 
mkett  Townes  and  borough  townes,  with  the  demains  of  the  same,  and  all  the  landes  els 
that  were  in  the  saide  Lordshippe  and  p'cell  of  the  saide  Lordshippe  and  membres,  the  erle 
of  Pembroke  hathe  purchassed,  so  that  there  remaynethe  nate  [now  to  the]  seignorie  Lord- 
shippe of  Glamorgan  and  Morgannok  2  mth  hands  [Queen's  Majesty's  hands]  but  the  moitye 
onlie  of  the  manner  of  Dynnaspoys  [Dinas  Powys],  &c." 

Thus  crown  lands  in  Glamorgan  were  disposed  of  to  the  Herberts  (Earl  of  Pembroke) 
and  the  Bassets  in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.,  and  there  still  remained  of  such  lands,  when 
this  document  was  written,  a  moiety  of  the  manor  of  Dinas  Powys.  It  is  noticeable  that 
here  the  lordship  is  invariably  designated  "  of  Glamorgan  and  Morgannok,"  two  names 
commonly  understood  as  synonymous,  but  evidently  at  that  time  not  precisely  so  used. 
"  Morgannok "  comprised  the  hilly  parts  and  some  of  the  eastern  district  between  the  Rhymney 
and  Usk,  which  on  the  division  into  counties  by  Henry  VIII.  went  with  Monmouth. 


The  Lordship  of  Gower, 

Gower,  the  ancient  Gwyr,  which  for  many  ages  has  been  ranked  a  part  of  Glamorgan, 
in  earlier  times  belonged  to  Dyfed.  In  the  division  of  Wales  into  cantrefs  and  comots, 
temp.  Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd,  Gwyr  formed  one  of  the  three  comots  of  Cantref  Egina-wg,  in 
Ystrad  Tywi  (Carmarthenshire),  the  others  being  Cydweli  and  Carnwyllion.  But  before  this 
time,  and  subsequently  to  the  settlement  of  the  other  Norman  lords  in  Morganwg  proper, 
the  peninsula  had  been  taken  by  Henry  de  Newburgh  (Beaumont),  who  had  obtained  a 
grant  of  it  from  the  English  king,  and  conquered  it  by  force  of  arms.  In  the  Triads,  also,  we 
find  it  laid  down  that  Pendaran  Dyfed  comprised  "  the  men  of  Dyfed,  Gwyr,  and  Cere- 
digion  ; "  but  Gwyr,  in  this  relation,  must  have  had  wider  boundaries  than  the  peninsula  of 
Gower.  The  river  Tawe  was  the  western  limit  of  Morganwg  up  to  the  sixteenth  century. 

In  a  MS.  collection  of  charters,  and  other  ancient  documents  made  by  and  now  in  the 
possession  of  Col.  G.  G.  Francis,  F.S.A.,  at  Cae  Bailey,  Swansea,  we  find  several  documents 
bearing  upon  the  lordship  of  Gower.  King  John,  in  a  charter  afterwards  confirmed  by  the 
first,  second,  and  third  Edwards,  gave  the  whole  territory  of  Gower  with  all  rights  thereto 
belonging  ("  totam  terram  Guher,  cum  omnibus  pertinentibus  suis  in  Wallia  ")  to  William  de 
Braose  (Breos)and  his  heirs  for  ever  on  terms  of  one  knight's  service.  In  1305,  William  de 
Breos  confirmed  to  the  burgesses  of  Swansea  all  the  liberties  granted  by  his  predecessors. 

In  the   25th    of  Elizabeth,   as  shown  in   these  MSS.,  a  commission  was  issued  in 


504  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

reference  to  the  lordship  of  Gower,  in  which  it  was  declared  "  that  the  said  lordshippe  is 
a  Lordshipp  Marcher,  and  hath  had  jurisdiction  royal  [jura  regalia]  in  all  poynts,  trial  for  life, 
member,  and  lands  taken  awaie  by  statute  onlye  excepted ;  and  the  lord  thereof  is  to  have 
wrecked  mare,  treasure-trove,  deodands,  felons'  goods,  felons'  lands,  infange-thieve  [A.- 
Sax.,  in-fangen-theof—in,  to  take  ;  thief,  the  right  to  try  a  thief  taken  within  a  lord's  fee],  out- 
fange-thieve  [the  same  right  to  take  and  try  a  thief  from  without],  waife,  straife,  socke, 
sacke  and  toll,  through  custom  of  strangers'  goods  and  graunting  of  cocketts  for  the  same, 
with  k-illage  and  anchorage  in  all  his  ports  and  creeks  within  the  said  Lordshipp." 

King  James  I.,  in  his  fifth  year  (A.D.  1608),  by  letters  patent,  granted  to  Edward,  Earl 
of  Worcester,  "  within  his  borough,  castle,  and  manor  of  Swansey,  Oystermouth,  and 
Loughor,  and  also  within  all  that  his  lordship  and  lands  of  Gower  and  Kilvey,  and  within 
his  manor  of  Kebhall,  and  Trivdra,  Lannon,  Pennard,  and  West  Gower,  in  the  co.  of 
Glamorgan,  these  liberties  following,  viz.  (inter  alia),  that  he,  the  said  earl,  his  heirs  and 
assigns,  &c.,  may  have  the  wrecks  of  the  sea,  wharfage,  and  tolls,  within  the  castles,  manors,  • 
and  lordship,  lands  and  boroughs  aforesaid,  &c.,  and  that  the  said  earl  .  .  .  may  have  and 
hold  within  the  said  castles,  &c.,  all  courts  baron,  courts  leet,  and  have  view  of  Frankpledge, 
and  all  other  things  which  belong  to  Frankpledge,  and  all  fairs,  markets,  tolls,  &c." 

At  intervals  between  these  changes  the  lordship  was  held  by  several  others.  A  later 
De  Braose  (Breos)  sold  a  part  of  it  to  different  purchasers,  and  afterwards  faithlessly 
transferred  the  whole  to  the  younger  Despencer.  It  fell,  after  the  disgrace  and  extinction 
of  the  Despencers,  to  the  lot  of  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  afterwards  to  the 
Somersets,  Dukes  of  Beaufort,  who  are  still  lords  paramount  of  the  district,  a  good  part  of 
which,  however,  is  possessed  by  C.  R.  M.  Talbot,  Esq.,  M.P.,  of  Penrice  and  Margam ; 
T.  Penrice,  Esq.,  of  Kilvrough,  and  others. 

In  the  year  958,  according  to  the  Annales  Cambria,  Owain,  of  South  Wales,  son  of 
Howel  Dda,  devastated  Gower  (Goher),  then  perhaps  under  the  princes  of  Morganwg ;  in 
970,  Einion,  son  of  Owain,  paid  it  a  similar  visit,  and  repeated  it  the  year  following 
("iterum  vastavit  Goher").  The  Annales  also  tell  us  that  (about  A.D.  991)  Owain,  son 
(grandson  ?)  of  Einion,  with  a  force  under  command  of  the  English  Edelisus,  assisted  by 
the  South  Britons  ("  dextralium  Britonum  "),  ravaged  the  territory  of  Maredydd  (who  we 
believe  was  his  brother),  namely,  "  Demetia  and  Ceredigion,  Guhir  and  Cydweli."  Who 
the  South  Britons  were,  after  deducting  all  these  invaded  districts,  it  is  hard  to  conceive, 
unless  they  were  simply  the  men  of  Ystrad  Towy.  The  same  chronicle  has  it  that 
A.D.  1095,  or  thereabouts, — for  the  year  is  not  specified  with  sufficient  distinctness,  the 
French  (Normans)  ravaged  Gohir,  Cydweli,  and  Ystrad  Towy;  and  so  complete  was 
the  destruction,  that  Dyfed,  Ceredigion,  and  Ystrad  Towy  are  said  to  have  continued 
desert  places. 

Of  course  the  great  Rhys  ap  Gruffydd,  of  Dinefawr,  "  the  Lord  Rhys,"  the  most  for- 
midable foe  of  the  Norman  in  the  South,  was  not  a  likely  man  to  leave  Gower  untouched  ; 
accordingly,  we  find  in  the  Annales  under  the  year  1189  this  record: — "Rhys,  son  01 
Gruffydd,  carried  on  a  war  in  South  Wales,  gave  Rhos  and  Pembroke  to  the  flames, 
plundered  Gouhir,  destroyed  the  castle  of  Carnwillion,  and  took  other  castles  in  Dyfed." 
Nor  was  Gower  forgotten  by  Llewelyn  the  Great  (the  Normans'  plague  in  North  Wiles)  when, 


THE  FLEMISH  SETTLERS  IN  GOWER.  505 

1216,  he  made  his  victorious  progress  through  the  South.  Swansea  Castle  was  then  the 
lief  fortress  in  the  district.  The  Annales  record  the  prince's  visit  thus  : — "  Llewelyn,  prince 
North  Wales,  moved  a  great  army  into  Gower,  and  on  the  first  attack  took  the  castle  of 
Swansea ;  thence,  along  with  his  confederate  generals,  Maelgwyn,  Rhys  the  Less,  the  sons 
of  Gruffydd,  and  others,  he  went  to  Rhos."  Gower  had  also  the  honour  of  a  visit  from 
Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd,  the  last  and  greatest  prince  of  Wales,  in  1257  (Anna/.  Camb.\ 
"  With  a  mighty  army  ["  grandi  exercitu  "]  he  came  to  Cydweli,  Carnwillion,  and  Gokir, 
burnt  the  English  portion  of  these  territories,  and  Abertawy ;  but  all  the  Welsh  of  the 
same  regions  he  made  his  subjects,  and  before  Easter  returned  with  rejoicing  to  his  own 
country." 


The  Flemish  Settlers  in  Gower. 


The  distinction  noted  above  as  made  by  Llewelyn  between  the  Anglicte  and  Wallenses  of 
these  parts,  giving  the  property  of  the  former  to  the  flames,  and  taking  the  latter  under  his 
own  government,  reminds  us  of  the  two  nationalities  which  now  inhabited  Gower,  often 
indicated  in  old  records  by  such  terms  as  "  Gower  Anglicana,"  "  Gower  Wallicana,"  and  for 
the  most  part  separated  geographically  by  the  ridge  of  Cefn  Bryn — the  English  occupying 
the  parts  towards  the  sea.  The  Anglici — with  whom  he  dealt  so  summarily — were  in  all 
probability  a  mixture  of  Normans  and  Flemings.  A  Norman  element  had  been  introduced, 
partly,  as  a  matter  of  course,  under  the  Lord  Marcher  Henry  de  Newburgh  when  he  con- 
quered the  peninsula,  and  amplified  under  the  De  Breoses.  The  Flemish  element,  about 
the  introduction  of  which  there  is  some  degree  of  obscurity,  is  generally  held  to  have  been 
settled  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  contemporaneously  with  the  settlement  of  their  countrymen 
in  Pembrokeshire,  but  definite  statement  respecting  a  settlement  in  Gower  is  much  wanted, 
and  the  facts  respecting  Pembrokeshire  are  too  often  made  to  apply  to  Gower.  William  of 
Malmesbury  makes  no  mention  of  the  latter  settlement,  nor  does  Giraldus  Cambrensis  (see 
Flemings,  "  Pembrokeshire  "). 

We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  the  "  English  "  colony  in  Gower  was  an  amalgam  of 
these  two  Continental  elements,  with  others  of  the  English  race  proper,  who  along  with 
the  Normans  had  come  from  England.  The  mere  fact  of  their  being  all  aliens  would  give 
them  a  basis  of  union  and  a  sense  of  sympathy,  while  the  English  tongue,  which  the 
Normans  were  acquiring  for  convenience  of  intercourse  with  their  English  companions  in 
arms,  would  be  adopted  as  their  general  speech ;  and  it  may  well  be  conceived  that  under 
the  circumstances  that  speech  would  assume  the  hybrid  character  which  that  of  the 
Gowerians  has  always  exhibited.  The  old  British  race,  made  inferior  but  not  dislodged, 
would  view  all  the  foreign  interlopers  with  indiscriminate  jealousy  and  hatred,  and  from 
"French"  would  soon  learn,  by  reason  of  their  language,  to  call  them  "  English."  The  two 
peoples  for  many  ages  kept  distinct  and  shy  of  each  other,  in  the  earlier  stage  of 
their  acquaintance  maintained  a  hostile  feeling,  and  came  to  occasional  sanguinary  conflict. 
In  the  Annales  Cambria,  under  date  A.D.  1258,  the  year  after  Prince  Llewelyn's  visit  just 
mentioned,  an  attack  was  made  upon  the  "  Anglici,"  when  "  two  hundred,  less  six  men,  and 
six  women  were  massacred." 


506  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

We  are  often  told  that  the  language  now  spoken  by  the  peasantry  of  Gower,  like 
that  of  the  "Englishry"  of  Pembrokeshire,  is  marked  by  strong  peculiarities,  and  it  is 
somewhat  strange  that  no  effort  has  as  yet  been  made  to  collect  and  explain  them.  The 
impression  is  prevalent  among  the  "  Welshery,"  that  in  point  of  religious  culture  the 
English-speaking  Gowerians  are  sadly  deficient ;  but  it  is  on  all  hands  admitted  that  they 
are  industrious,  cleanly,  and  orderly,  and  not  behind  in  intellectual  faculty.  The  mental 
soil  is  good  if  only  tilled. 


Note  on  the  Name  "  Gower." 

We  have  seen  no  rational  attempt  at  settling  the  etymology  of  this  name.  That  the 
word  is  of  British  origin,  and  has  usually  and  from  early  times  appeared  in  the  form  Gwyr, 
is  about  all  that  is  said  of  it.  We  believe  it  to  have  been  first  used  as  a  term  descriptive  of 
the  country  as  a  narrow  and  long  tract,  and  that  the  ancient  British  pronunciation  made  it 
to  be  two  syllables,  Go-hir — far,  outstretching,  long,  very  long, — at  last  softened  into  Gwyr. 
This  etymology  is  confirmed,  and  was  indeed  suggested  by  the  old  Latin  representative  of 
the  word  as  seen,  amongst  others,  in  the  quotations  given  above  from  the  Annales  Cambria 
— one  of  our  earliest  and  most  reliable  chronicles, — "  Goher,"  "  Gohir,"  "  Goer," — forms 
which  could  only  arise  as  imitations  of  an  original  vocable  of  two  elements. 


SECTION  IV.— ANTIQUITIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

As  the  preceding  sections  of  physical  description  and  history  have  ended  with  Gower, 
our  notices  of  the  antiquarian  remains  of  the  county  may  as  well  commence  there.  It  is  a 
region  as  much  marked  by  the  hoary  and  venerable,  the  primitive  and  unchanged,  as  any 
in  much-disturbed  Glamorganshire.  In  the  costume  of  the  inhabitants  there  may  still  be 
here  and  there  observed  a  waif  floating  down  from  the  olden  time  ;  a  persistent  long-lived 
Flemish  chimney  marks  some  of  the  rural  dwellings ;  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  parish 
churches  claim  paternity  from  Flemish  or  Norman  masons.  But  the  antiquarian  fame  of 
Gower  rests  mainly  upon  its  pre-historic  remains,  and  its  numerous  military  fortresses. 

The  most  impressive  monument  of  a  remote  antiquity  in  Gower — we  might  almost  say 
in  all  Britain  (always  excepting  that  at  Henblas,  Anglesey,  see  p.  15) — is  that  mysterious 
solitary  structure  at  the  end  of  Cefn  Bryn  ridge,  known  as  ARTHUR'S  STONE.  Before  a 
stone  was  laid  of  any  of  the  ivy-covered  ruined  castles  now  looked  upon  as  memorials  of 
a  hoar  antiquity,  when  the  first  Norman  rode  up  to  Cefn  y  Bryn  to  view  the  goodliness  of  the 
land,  this  strange  structure  looked  as  hoary  and  sphinx-like  in  its  mystery  as  it  does  to-day, 
and  equally  defied  the  knowledge  and  conjectures  of  men  to  explain  its  origin  or  its  reason. 
Perched  on  the  breezy  height,  in  sight  of  the  swelling  sea,  as  indeed  most  of  its  confreres 
are  found,  there  it  has  stood — it  is  useless  to  conjecture  how  many  ages, — the  memorial  of  a 
people  rude  as  masons,  but  bold  and  aspiring  as  thinkers,  and  of  noble  ideas  associated 
with  the  dead  and  with  the  interminable  future.  "  Arthur's  Stone  "by  its  very  form  confutes 


ANTIQUITIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE— ARTHUR'S  STONE. 


507 


the  theory  that  it  was  ever  intended  to  be  an  "  altar  "  for  the  immolation  of  human  victims  ; 
and  confirms  the  conclusions  which  recent  careful  researches  into  the  cromlechs  of  Brittany 
and  Wales  have  authorized,  that  they  were  burial-places  of  the  great  and  venerated. 


ARTHUR'S  STONE,  IN  GOWER. 

No  evidence  has  as  yet  been  discovered,  even  by  the  minute  investigations  of  Mr.  Lukis 
in  the  Channel  Islands  and  Brittany,  which  fixes  with  certainty  the  age  or  people  which 
gave  origin  to  the  cromlech  tomb  j  but  it  is  more  probable  than  not  that  it  is  an  expression  of 
the  Celtic  ideal.  Nor  is  there  any  evidence  that  the  people  who  built  these  tombs  all  over 
Britain  and  the  Continent  were  not  the  Cymry.  Nor  can  any  one  say  that  they  were  not 
the  Cymry  in  times  not  long  anterior  to  the  Christian  era.  • 

"  Arthur's  Stone,"  as  it  now  exists,  is  an  unshapely  mass  of  the  conglomerate  of  the  Old 
Red  of  the  locality,  about  fourteen  feet  long,  seven  feet  in  depth,  and  six  feet  six  inches  in  its 
greatest  breadth,  standing  over  some  seven  or  eight  uprights,  four  of  which  only  actually 
bear  the  load.  Its  weight  is  calculated  at  about  twenty-five  tons.  The  great  stone  is  no.w, 
however,  much  reduced  from  its  original  dimensions ;  for  on  the  ground  on  its  western  side 
lies  a  ponderous  fragment,  three  feet  thick  and  thirty  feet  in  circumference,  which  has  fallen 
off  from  the  smooth  perpendicular  side  visible  in  the  engraving.  The  whole  mass  before  the 
fracture  must  have  weighed  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  tons. 

Magnificent  as  is  this  venerable  tomb  in  dimensions  and  conception,  it  only  forms  the 
small  remains  of  a  far  mightier  work.  Not  only  was  the  whole  at  one  time,  in  all  pro- 
bability, buried  under  an  artificial  mound,  either  of  stones  or  of  earth,  but  there  are  still 
clear  indications  that  Arthur's  Stone  was  only  the  central  or  principal  of  an  accumulation  of 
monuments  once  existing  on  the  same  ridge.  Several  tumuli  are  still  remaining.  A  great 
cairn,  seventy  yards  in  circumference,  stands  to  the  west,  and  another  to  the  north-west. 
The  whole  range  of  Cefn  Bryn  seems  to  have  been  the  site  of  a  pre-historic  cemetery,  on  a 


5o8  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

smaller  scale  corresponding  with  the  monumental  congregation  seven  miles  long  at  Carnac, 
in  Brittany. 

The  bone  caves  of  Gower  belong  to  a  class  of  antiquities  which  excite  much  attention 
among  pre-historic  inquirers  in  our  day,  principally  from  their  bearing  upon  the  question  of 
the  antiquity  of  man.  Ludicrous  blunders,  made  by  men  hasty  of  fame,  have  alternated 
with  some  interesting  scientific  findings.  Not  a  bone  of  mastodon  or  Elephas  primigenius  is 
found,  but  by  a  strong  effort  of  a  strong  imagination,  or  a  fortunate  move  of  the  spade,  a 
human  bone  is  found  near  it.  The  rhinoceros  and  cave  bear,  if  we  believe  some  explorers, 
had  man  as  their  contemporary  in  Britain,  for  flint  flakes  and  arrow-heads  have  been  found 
in  the  same  beds  of  gravel  with  their  bones.  Then  man  began  life  as  a  cannibal,  for  we 
often  find  his  own  bones  split — of  course  not  by  hyena  or  lion,  but  by  man ;  and  by  man 
to  get  at  the  marrow.  But  in  spite  of  the  credulities  and  hasty  generalizations  of  some  so- 
called  men  of  "  science,"  the  exploration  of  caves  has  not  been  without  substantial  and 
reliable  result.  Those  of  Paviland,  Bacon  Hole,  and  others  in  Gower,  have  been  found  to 
abound  in  bones  of  a  primitive  age,  which  throw  great  light  upon  the  climate  and  fauna  of 
this  country  when  the  animals  lived.  Among  the  chief  explorers  have  been  Dr.  Buckland, 
Mr.  Moggridge,  F.G.S.,  J.  Gwyn  Jeffreys,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  Col.  G.  G.  Francis,  F.S.A.,  and 
L.  W.  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  M.P. ;  and  the  result  of  their  investigations  is  in  great  part  found  in  the 
palaeontological  collection  in  the  Royal  Institution  Museum  of  Swansea.  Col.  Francis  has 
also  recently  exhibited  a  part  of  his  own  private  collection  before  some  of  the  London 
societies.  The  caves  are  in  the  face  of  the  limestone  cliffs,  near  Rhosilly  Bay,  above  high- 
water  mark,  and  accessible  only  at  low  water.  Mr.  Moggridge,  after  stating  that  the  cave 
(Bacon  Hole)  was  originally  formed  by  the  action  of  the  sea  on  the  loose  detritus  of  a  fault 
in  the  limestone  cliff,  and  that  a  subsequent  elevation  of  the  land  brought  the  caves  out  of 
reach  of  the  waves,  makes  these  observations  : — 

"  From  this  period  the  bodies  of  animals  inhabiting  the  adjacent  country  have  from  time 
to  time  been  left  in  the  cave.  Some  of  the  lowest  mammoths  possibly  drifted  in  by  water, 
the  higher  remains,  for  the  most  part,  carried  in  by  carnivora ;  but  the  unbroken  state  of 
the  bones,  and  the  absence  of  any  quantity  of  cave  earth,  strongly  infer  that  the  cave  has 
seldom  been  used  as  the  constant  retreat  of  the  latter  for  the  purpose  of  consuming  their 
prey.  It  is  more  probable  that  the  open  and  exposed  state  of  Bacon  Hole,  well-mouthed 
at  its  entrance,  and  consequently  freely  admitting  light,  would  not  be  inhabited  by 
carnivora ;  whereas  it  was  from  the  same  reason  more  approachable  to  the  larger  animals, 
whose  remains  were  preserved  in  the  lower  parts  of  the  cave.  Of  these  the  mammoths  have 
been  the  first  deposited.  The  three  jaws  of  the  rhinoceros  were  found  below  the  second 
stalagmite,  and  the  remains  of  bear,  bos,  and  deer  throughout  the  whole  deposit.  After 
the  formation  of  the  second  stalagmite,  it  would  appear  that  a  large  portion  of  the  over- 
hanging limestone  rock  had  fallen  in. 

"  The  period  at  which  the  upper  bed  of  stalagmite  ceased  to  form  was,  at  any  rate, 
before  the  extinction  of  red  deer  and  roebuck  in  this  part  of  the  country,  as  their  remains 
are  found  in  the  black  mud  above  the  upper  stalagmite.  The  remains  of  wolves  are  so 
scarce  at  Bacon  Hole,  that  finding  some  below  and  some  above  does  not  finally  conclude 
that  the  upper  stalagmite  was  not  formed  even  before  their  extinction  in  South  Wales. 
The  mass  of  rock  above  the  cave  is  not  of  great  thickness ;  and  although  water  still  continues 


ANTIQUITIES— BONE  CAVES  ;  PENRICE  CASTLE.  509 

to  percolate  freely,  the  limestone  has  long  since  exhausted  its  power  of  yielding  carbonate 
of  lime,  and  the  formation  of  stalagmite  had  consequently  ceased  prior  to  the  deposit  of  the 
bones  found  in  the  black  mud. 

"All  the  known  Gower  bone  caves  are  about  the  same  height  above  the  sea,  and  were 
therefore,  in  all  probability,  raised  and  made  accessible  to  the  mammalia  inhabiting  the 
adjacent  dry  land  at  the  same  period  of  time ;  but  on  observing  the  fossils,  saved  from  the 
neighbouring  caves  of  Spritsail  and  Paviland,  I  have  noticed  that  in  the  former  the  teeth  of 
hyenas  and  horses  are  in  conjunction  most  abundant,  in  the  latter  the  teeth  of  wolves  and 
deer ;  whilst  in  Bacon  Hole  I  am  not  aware  of  one  single  specimen  of  horse  having  been 
found  beneath  the  upper  stalagmite.  .  .  .  But  the  cave  of  Bacon  Hole  has  evidently 
been  so  seldom  used  as  a  constant  retreat  by  carnivora,  in  comparison  with  other  caves, 
that  the  absence  of  horse  by  no  means  proves  that  that  race  did  not  inhabit  the  adjacent 
lands  during  the  period  of  these  deposits.  No  remains  of  man  are  found  below  the  upper 
stalagmite.  In  the  mud  above  it  were  pieces  of  ancient  British  pottery. 

"  In  conclusion,  I  may  remark,  that  from  the  thickness,  and  consequently  unbroken 
state  of  the  upper  stalagmite  at  Bacon  Hole,  a  far  more  perfect  separation  of  the  ancient 
from  the  recent  bones  has  been  maintained  than  in  any  other  of  the  Gower  caves ;  and  had 
any  remains  of  man  been  found  beneath  the  lower  stalagmite,  they  would  have  afforded 
clear  proof  of  the  co-existence  of  the  human  race  with  the  mammoth  in  this  country.  . 

"  On  the  contrary,  the  absence  of  any  human  remains  beneath  even  the  upper  stalagmite, 
in  a  cave  so  large  and  accessible  as  Bacon  Hole  must  have  been,  is  a  strong  proof  that  the 
existence  of  man  in  this  country  was  subsequent  to  the  formation  and  covering  up  of  this 
cave  deposit."  The  era  of  that  deposit  is  quite  a  matter  of  conjecture,  but  cannot  be 
extremely  remote. 

The  succession  of  layers  of  deposit  in  Bacon  Hole  cave  was  as  follows : — The  explorers 
first  arrived  at  a  bed  of  alluvial  earth,  containing  recent  shells,  such  as  are  now  on  the 
neighbouring  beach,  bones  of  the  ox,  red  deer,  roebuck,  fox.  Then  came  a  layer  of 
stalagmite.  Next  they  encountered  a  bed  of  hard  breccia,  in  which  were  bones  of  the  bear, 
ox,  and  deer.  The  next  layer  was  stalagmite,  and  below  it  more  breccia  with  cave  earth,  in 
which  were  bones  of  mammoth,  rhinoceros,  hyena,  wolf,  bear,  ox,  and  deer ;  but  the  lowest 
of  all  were  those  of  the  mammoth. 

The  most  extensive  military  ruin  in  Gower  is  Penrice  Castle,  occupying  a  moderate 
elevation  facing  Oxwich  Bay.  It  is  the  property  of  C.  R.  M.  Talbot,  Esq.,  M.P.,  whose 
modern  mansion,  a  plain  structure  of  the  same  name,  stands  close  by,  under  shelter  of  the 
grand  old  ivy-covered  walls. 

From  some  unknown  reason  this  great  fortress  has  received  little  notice  from  topographers, 
or  even  writers  of  guide-books.  One  of  the  latter  (Black's),  evidently  in  complete  ignorance 
of  the  place,  simply  refers  to  it  as  an  "  ancient  fortress,  of  which  there  are  some  slight 
remains"  !  The  ruin  has  been  inspected  and,  for  the  first  time,  photographed  for  this  work, 
but  from  the  nature  of  the  ground  no  photograph  can  be  taken  which  would  give  an  adequate 
idea  of  the  vastness  and  grandeur  of  the  ruin. 

Of  the  origin  of  Penrice  Castle  we  have  no  certain  history ;  but  it  is  generally  held  to 
have  been  first  established  as  a  post  of  strength  by  the  British  inhabitants,  and  from  the 


5io 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


position  must  be  supposed  to  have  been  intended  to  guard  the  little  bay  of  Oxwich,  where 
sea  marauders  were  likely  to  land.  The  name  Ox-wich  is  doubtless  a  memorial  of  the 
Danes,  who  in  the  age  of  Alfred  in  England,  and  of  Rhodri  the  Great  and  Howel  Dda  in 
Wales,  were  an  incessant  plague  upon  our  coasts.  They  have  left  fragments  of  their  language 
in  many  creeks  of  South  Wales,  from  GooAwick  at  Fishguard,  Gt\\Kwick,  WathzwVvfc,  Mussel- 
wick,  in  Pembrokeshire,  to  this  Q-nwick.  But  on  the  Norman  descent  upon  Gower  the  post 
was  taken  and  fortified  by  those  settlers.  The  great  Earl  of  Warwick,  whose  daughter  Ann 


PENRICE  CASTLE,  GOWER  (from  a. photo,  by  Gulliver}. 

became  the  consort  of  Richard  III.,  is  credited  by  some  as  the  builder  of  the  actual  structure 
now  in  ruins.  The  possessors  were  at  that  time  called  "  Lords  of  Oxwich," — the  name 
Penrice  not  having  yet  become  associated  with  the  manor. 

Pen-Rhys,  the  ancient  Welsh  name,  was  possibly  the  designation  of  the  rock  or  eminence 
upon  which  the  castle  is  planted,  and  adopted  by  the  Penrhys  family,  who  lived  here  before 
the  Mansels  of  Margam,  through  marriage  with  the  heiress,  entered  into  possession.  We 
read  in  the  pedigrees  that  "  Sir  Hugh  Mansel,  Kt.,  son  of  Richard  Mansel  by  Lucy,  daughter 
of  Philip  Scurlage,  Lord  of  Scurlage  Castle  (the  ruins  of  which  are  still  traceable  near  Llan- 
ddewi  in  Gower),  temp.  Richard  II.,  married  Isabel,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Penrees,  Lord  ot 
Oxwich  and  other  large  possessions  in  Glamorganshire,"  and  that  "  this  Sir  Hugh  was  the 
great-grandfather  of  Anthony  Mansel,  Esq.,  who  was  slain  in  the  wars  between  the  houses 
of  York  and  Lancaster."  (See  Jenkin's  MS.,  4to.)  The  property  continued  in  the  Mansels 
till  1750,  when,  by  default  of  heirs  male,  it  passed  to  the  second  son  of  Mary,  youngest 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas,  by  her  husband,  J.  Ivory  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Lacock  Abbey,  Wilt- 
shire, of  whom  the  present  proprietor  is  descendant.  (See  Talbot  of  Margam?)  The  time 
when  the  castle  of  Penrhys  ceased  to  be  inhabited  and  was  dismantled  is  not,  however, 
known  to  the  writer,  nor  is  there  any  means  at  hand  of  tracing  the  connection  between  the 
old  Penrhys  family  and  the  earlier  Norman  proprietors. 


ANTIQUITIES— OXWICH  AND  PENNARD  CASTLES.  511 

Standing  on  any  favourable  point  near  Oxwich  village,  the  view  of  Penrice  Castle  and  its 
richly  wooded  park,  occupying  the  mid-scene  between  you  and  the  heathy  heights  of  Cefn 
Bryn,  is  extremely  fine.  The  luxuriant  and  extensive  woodland,  broken  sufficiently  to  afford 
the  eye  here  and  there  the  variety  of  verdant  meads,  and  the  gravelled  walks  and  terraces 
of  the  modern  mansion,  receives  a  picturesque  and  perfect  finish  in  the  grey  and  broken 
ramparts  of  the  great  castle,  which  mount  up  defiant  of  time  and  elements  in  the  midst.  It 
must  be  confessed,  however,  that  the  venerable  pile  is  much  neglected ;  no  care  is  taken  to 
preserve  it  from  dilapidation,  and  if  it  were  not  for  the  friendly  ivy — ever  partial  to  the  old 
and  neglected — its  disappearance  would  hasten  apace. 

Oxwich  Castle,  close  by,  can  only  by  a  latitude  of  expression  be  termed  a  military  ruin. 
Topographers  and  tourists'  books  have  again  been  as  widely  at  fault  respecting  this  as 
respecting  Penrice.  Malkin  says  that  "  a  fine  Gothic  window  is  nearly  all  that  remains  of 
Oxwich  Castle."  So  far  from  this  being  the  case,  the  ruin  is  one  of  considerable  dimen- 
sions, the  principal  part  being  a  lofty  tower,  six  stories  high,  something  in  the  form  of  a 
keep,  but  pierced  with  arched  windows  irregularly  placed,  and  so  numerous  as  to  suit  a 
residential  and  comparatively  recent  rather  than  a  warlike  fortress  of  the  Middle  Ages.  The 
place  was  in  fact  built  by  Sir  Rice  Mansel,  Sheriff  of  Glamorganshire  (according  to 
Jenkin's  MS.)  in  1541,  and  purchaser  of  Margam  Abbey  on  the  suppression,  temp. 
Henry  VIII.  (see  Margam  Abbey).  Perhaps  it  was  built  as  a  summer-house  or  manne 
residence,  and  still  made  strong  to  meet  the  uncertainties  of  the  times. 


PENNARD  CASTLE. 


Pennard  Castle  and  Church  occupy  the  side  of  a  wild  hill,  at  once  commanding  the  sea 
and  a  little  creek  or  pill  leading  up  into  the  Gower  country  between  Penmaen  and  Kilvrough. 
This  stronghold  guards  the  eastern  side  of  Oxwich  Bay  as  Oxwich  Castle  guards  the 
western,  and  has  the  appearance  of  having  been  a  great  castellated  residence  built  in  warlike 


512 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


times,  and  perhaps  of  the  British,  or  possibly  Norman  age,  rather  than  a  regular  Norman 
fortress  of  the  more  formidable  class.  It  was  a  strong  place,  but  devoid,  of  architectural 
splendour.  Its  history  is  unknown — a  circumstance  which,  coupled  with  the  bold  and 
romantic  spot  it  occupies,  has  occasioned  the  creation  of  a  variety  of  tales  and  legends 
which  in  the  popular  imagination  clothe  it  with  peculiar  interest.  The  simple  swain  believes 
that  the  castle  had  a  supernatural  origin,  that  its  monster  bulk  was  planted  there  in  one 
night,  and  that  it  has  ever  continued  the  abode  of  elves  and  fairies. 

Oystermouth  Castle,  well  known  to  all  visitors  to  the  Mumbles,  is  an  extensive  and 
beautiful  ruin,  better  preserved  than  many  of  the  great  ancient  monuments  of  these  parts. 
It  is  the  property  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  who  has  sanctioned  the  expenditure  of  some 
money  on  its  clearing  and  protection,  under  the  pious  care  of  Col.  Francis.  The  founding 
of  this  fortress  is  ascribed  by  some  to  Henry  Beaumont,  Earl  of  Warwick,  who  subdued 
Gower,  and  by  others  to  Richard  de  Granville,  one  of  Fitzhamon's  knights,  and  founder  of 
Neath  Abbey.  (See  Neath  Abbey.}  The  plan  of  the  castle  is  polygonal,  without  bastions  or 
projecting  towers,  except  at  the  great  south-west  entrance.  The  chapel  at  the  north-east 
end,  which  has  often  been  described  as  the  "  keep,"  is  of  fine  architecture,  the  features  ot 
which  have  been  further  brought  to  light  by  the  recent  clearance  of  accumulated  debris ;  the 
great  hall,  and  many  of  the  chief  apartments,  are  recognisable,  and  several  Gothic  windows, 
with  mullions  and  some  elegant  tracery  remaining,  long  walled  up  and  entirely  concealed  by 
plaster  and  tangled  ivy,  have  been  recovered  to  view. 


-~ 

SWANSEA  CASTLE. 


Swansea  Castle  is  said  to  have  been  erected  about  A.D.  1120  by  that  conqueror  of  Gower- 
land,  Henry  Beaumont,  otherwise  called  Newburgh,  Earl  of  Warwick,  the  same  who  obtains 
credit  for  founding  Oystermouth  Castle.  Gruffydd  ap  Rhys  had  destroyed  a  castle  here 


ANTIQUITIES— LOUGHOR  CASTLE;  NEATH  ABBEY.  513 

some  years  previously  (AD.  1113).-  The  greater  part  of  Beaumont's  original  structure  has 
disappeared,  either  through  absolute  destruction,  or  through  alteration  and  conversion  at 
different  times  for  other  purposes,  such  as  public  offices,  gaols,  market-houses,  storehouses, 
&c.  When  Swansea  was  a  smaller  town  a  part  of  the  castle  served  as  town  hall.  One  of 
the  large  apartments,  perhaps  the  fortress  chapel,  served  for  a  long  time  as  a  Roman  Catholic 
chapel.  The  remains  of  the  castle  still  surviving,  although  comparatively  small,  include  some 
beautiful  features  of  the  original.  But  it  is  subject  to  doubt  whether  the  interesting  tower  or 
keep,  the  best  part  of  the  ruins,  shown  in  our  engraving,  is  not  an  addition  made  by  Bishop 
Gower  of  St.  David's  in  the  fourteenth  century.  Leland,  in  his  Collectanea,  favours  this 
opinion  ;  and  the  idea  is  further  rendered  probable  by  the  fact  that  the  beautiful  line  of  arches 
near  the  top,  enclosing  an  open  parapet  running  round  the  building,  are  exact  copies  of  those 
found  in  the  remains  of  the  Bishop's  Palace,  St.  David's,  and  Lamphey  Palace,  near 
Pembroke,  both  known  to  have  been  built  by  Bishop  Gower. 

Swansea  had  also  "  religious  houses,"  one  of  which,  the  Hospital  of  St.  David,  has  left 
some  faint  traces  of  its  existence. 

Loughor  Castle,  like  the  village  of  which  it  forms  a  part  and  was  once  the  chiel 
constituent,  is  a  desolate-looking  object.  The  position  of  this  place  on  the  ferry  of  the 
Loughor  river  (Llwchwr)  naturally  gave  it  importance  from  the  earliest  times  ;  the  Romans 
added  to  this  importance  by  establishing  here  one  of  their  stations -on  the  Via  Julia,  giving 
it  the  name  Leucarum,  in  imitation  of  the  early  British  Llwchwr — a  purely  Celtic  term.  The 
post- Roman  Britons  naturally  took  advantage  of  works  left  by  the  Romans ;  and  thus  the 
Norman  lord  who  first  took  this  district — probably  the  same  Henry  de  Beaumont  already 
mentioned  in  connection  with  other  castles  in  Gower — fixed  upon  the  site  for  a  Norman 
castle.  The  river  Llwchwr  washes  its  base  ;  the  mound  on  which  it  stands  indicates  a  place 
of  strength  and  considerable  extent ;  but  for  many  ages  the  ponderous  ivy-covered  fragment 
which  remains  has  only  been  a  habitation  for  the  sparrow  and  the  owl ;  the  country  around, 
cold  and  unattractive,  is  yet  full  of  industry  in  coal  and  iron,  and  the  whistle  of  the  railway, 
with  its  frequent  and  rapid  trains,  tells  the  castle  keep,  its  dungeons,  mounds,  and  ditches,  that 
their  day,  and  the  habits  and  modes  of  their  day,  are  for  ever  past  and  gone. 

Scurlage  Castle,  in  Gower,  the  fortified  home  of  the  family  of  that  name  (see  Scurlage  of 
Scurlage  Castle),  was  probably  nothing  more  than  a  mansion  with  strong  walls  and  parapets, 
and  a  surrounding  ditch,  suited  to  times  when  every  owner  of  a  tract  of  country  had  to  defend 
his  own  by  force.  Some  traces  of  the  place,  not  far  from  Llanddewi,  still  continue. 

Nealh  Abbey,  on  the  marsh  near  Neath,  is  a  great  ruin  which  cannot  be  witnessed  without 
a  mixed  sense  of  sadness  and  admiration.  It  tells  of  days  when  great  wealth,  gotten  by 
rapine,  was  freely  given  to  the  holiest  of  purposes  (as  then  understood),  when  a  priesthood 
only  less  potent  than  the  spirit  of  martial  adventure  and  devouring  cupidity  of  conquest 
forced  the  mailed  warrior,  with  his  hands  red  with  blood,  and  grasping  the  treasure  of  the 
murdered,  to  kneel  meekly  at  the  altar  and  attempt  atonement  for  his  deeds  by  building  a 
church  or  endowing  a  priory.  Thus  it  was  that  Richard  de  Granvil,  otherwise  Granville.  one 
of  Fitzhamon's  knights,  and  it  is  said  his  brother,  to  quiet  his  conscience  after  a  painful 
dream,  resolved  to  build  on  the  lands  he  had  taken  from  the  Welsh  a  magnificent  abbey  (see 
Hanover  pedigree).  Bishop  Tanner  says  that  Richard  and  his  wife  Constance  (but  about 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


her  name  there  is  a  doubt)  gave  their  chapel  in  the  castle  of  Neath,  the  tithes  belonging  to 
it,  a  large  tract  of  waste  lands  and  other  possessions,  in  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  to  the  abbot 
and  convent  of  Savigny,  near  Lyons,  that  they  might  build  an  abbey  here  in  Wales. 


^RS* 

NEATH  ABBEY. 

The  date  A.D.  1120  is  assigned  for  the  completion  of  Neath  Abbey.  The  Brut  tells  us  that 
the  architect  employed  was  one  Lalys,  "  a  man  very  skilful  in  the  art  of  building,"  whom  De 
Granvil  had  brought  with  him  on  his  return  from  the  Holy  Land.  He  also  is  said  to  have 
built  Margam  Abbey.  The  monks  here  stationed  were  first  of  the  Franciscan,  but  were  soon 
changed  into  those  of  the  Cistercian  order,  and  came  at  first  from  Savigny.  Leland,  having 
visited  the  place  about  1540,  calls  it  "  an  abbey  of  white  monks,"  and  "  the  fairest  abbey  in 
all  Wales."  Edward  II.  sought  here  a  sanctuary,  but  was  taken  and  afterwards  deposed. 

Lewis  Morganwg,  the  bard,  in  an  encomium  on  Lleision,  the  Abbot  of  Neath  circa  1525, 
uses  the  most  glowing  epithets  in  describing  the  structure  as  it  then  stood : — 

"  Like  the  sky  of  the  Vale  of  Ebron  is  the  covering  of  this  monastery  :  weighty  is  the  lead  that  roofs  this 
abode— the  dark  blue  canopy  of  the  dwellings  of  the  godly.  Every  colour  is  seen  in  the  crystal  windows  ; 
every  fair  and  high-wrought  form  beams  forth  through  them  like  the  rays  of  the  sun-portals  of  radiant 
guardians!  .  .  .  Here  are  seen  the  graceful  robes  of  prelates  ;  here  may  be  found  gold  and  jewels,  the  tribute  of 
the  wealthy.  Here  also  is  the  gold-adorned  chair,  the  nave,  the  gilded  tabernacle  work,  the  pinnacles,  worthy 
of  the  Three  Fountains.  Distinctly  may  be  seen  on  the  glass  imperial  arms  ;  a  ceiling  resplendent  with  kingly 
bearings,  and  on  the  surrounding  border  the  shields  of  princes,  the  arms  of  Neath,  of  a  hundred  ages  ;  there  is  the 
white  freestone,  and  the  arms  of  the  best  men  under  the  crown  of  Harry  ;  and  the  church  walls  of  grey  marble. 
The  vast  and  lofty  roof  is  like  the  sparkling  heavens  on  high  ;  above  are  seen  archangels'  forms ;  the  floor 
beneath  is  for  the  people  of  the  earth,  all  the  tribe  of  Babel — for  them  it  is  wrought  of  variegated  stone.  The 
bells,  the  benedictions,  and  the  peaceful  songs  of  praise,  proclaim  the  frequent  thanksgivings  of  the  white 
monks. " 


ANTIQUITIES— NEATH  ABBEY.  515 

The  charters,  with  details  of  the  liberties  and  privileges  of  the  abbey,  are  collected  and 
skilfully  edited  by  Col.  G.  G.  Francis,  F.S.A.,  in  his  valuable  work  on  Neath  and  its 
abbey,  privately  printed,  1845.  The  conventual  buildings  as  well  as  the  church  must  have 
received  large  additions  since  the  first  erection,  but  much  of  the  history  of  such  changes  has 
been  lost  through  want  of  record.  Their  style  is  of  the  Tudor  period. 


NEATH  ABBEY— THE  CRYPT. 

After  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries  this  abbey,  with  its  lands  (yearly  value,  according 
to  Dugdale,  ^132  "js.  yd.),  was  given  to  Sir  Richard  Williams,  an  ancestor  of  Cromwell, 
and  subsequently  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Hoby  family  (see  Hoby  of  Neath  Abbey). 
When  Henry,  first  Duke  of  Beaufort,  made  his  lordly  progress  through  Wales,  A.D.  1684 
(recently  printed,  but  privately),  he  halted  at  Neath  Abbey,  and  has  left  some  interesting 
notes  on  the  condition  of  the  building  at  the  time.  "  This  at  present  is  famous  for  one  of 
the  fairest  roomes  in  Wales.  In  the  old  painted  glass  and  in  the  stone  worke  are  seen  the 
coats  in  the  margin  [figured  on  the  margin  of  the  book].  The  first  is  of  Gwrgan  ap  Ithell, 
King  of  Glamorgan,  lineally  descended  from  Meyric  ap  Tewdry,  King  of  Glamorgan,  that 
erected  the  cathedrall  church  of  Llandaff,  and  appointed  the  same  a  seat  for  the  bishop 
thereof,  and  gave  liveing  for  maintenance.  The  next  coat  impaled  is  of  Yngharad,  daughter 
of  Ednowen,  Lord  of  Ardudwy."  How  "  Yngharad  "  (Angharad)  came  into  these  parts  is 
not  known. 

At  the  time  when  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  was  at  Neath  Abbey,  the  Hoby  family,  who  had 
been  in  possession  only  two  or  three  generations  in  the  male  line,  may  still  have  been  in 
residence  there  in  the  female  branches  or  their  descendants ;  but  the  last  male  repre- 
sentative here  was  Philip  Hoby,  Esq.,  who  died  1678,  and  was  buried  in  the  Herbert  Chapel 
of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Swansea. 

Neath  Castle  had  its  origin  at  the  same  period  with  the  abbey.  Its  builder  was  the 
same  Richard  de  Granvil,  or  Granville,  who  had  "  come  over  with  the  Conqueror," 
accompanied  Fitzhamon  into  Wales,  and  after  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan  had  assigned  him 


516 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


a  lordship  at  Nedd,  whereupon  he  built  his  castle.  Why  he  chose  such  a  flat  situation — 
the  castle  is  in  the  midst  of  the  town  of  Neath — instead  of  one  of  the  beautiful  slopes  or 
picturesque  eminences  flanking  the  delightful  valley  it  is  impossible  to  say.  His  native 


NEATH  CASTLE — PORTCULLIS  GATE  AND  TOWERS. 

Normandy  was  more  undulating  than  hilly,  and  he  may  have  had  associations  with  home  in 
his  mind  when  fixing  the  sites  of  castle  and  monastery.  A  British  stronghold  belonging  to 
lestyn  ap  Gwrgant  is  said  to  have  been  on  the  spot ;  a  Roman  structure  may  have  existed 
anterior  to  that,  and  the  genius  loci  may  have  forbidden  its  own  removal.  It  must,  however, 
be  remembered  that  the  Norman  soldier  had  little  reverence  for  "  use  and  wont,"  but 
implicit  faith  in  use  by  itself.  The  position  near  the  centre  and  mouth  of  the  vale  would 
guard  the  splendid  demesne,  which  stretched  inland,  against  marauders  from  the  sea,  and 
from  south  and  west.  No  beauty  of  situation,  not  even  strength  of  position,  could  rival  a 
consideration  of  this  kind  in  the  calculation  of  advantages.  Here  Richard  built  his  castle 
early  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  here  his  successors  in  the  lordship  for  some  generations 
dwelt,  but  he  himself  is  said  to  have  returned  to  his  Continental  possessions,  which  were 
largely  augmented  at  the  decease  of  his  relative,  Robert  Fitzhamon,  Lord  of  Glamorgan. 

Granville  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of  large  ideas  and  large  performances.  His 
abbey  and  priory  of  Neath  were  conceived  and  completed  magnificently ;  and  although  the 
history  of  his  castle  is  not  one  of  splendour,  or  its  remains  indicative  of  large  original 
proportions,  his  household  and  its  appointments  seem  to  have  been  on  a  distinguished 
scale,  for  the  bard  Lewis  Glyn  Cothi  (temp.  Henry  VII.),  in  an  ode  to  "  Rhisiart  Twrbil 
(Turberville)  o  Landudwg,"  celebrates  the  grandeur  of  his  hero's  state  by  declaring  (  Works, 
p  101),— 


(From  the  Beaufort  Progress,   1684.) 


MARRAM  ABBEY,  AS  IT  WAS  IN  1684. 


ARMS  OF  SIR  RICE  MANSEI.L. 


MANSELL  IMPALING  SOMERSET. 


]£!£"'  S  ".'."  M  T  T'  1 1 «» 


~>£v 


TOMB  OF  SIR  RICE  MANSEI.I.,  KT.,  OK  MAROAM  (it.   1589),  AND  DAME  CECIL  HIS  WIFE. 

Page  517. 


ANTIQUITIES— MARGAM  ABBEY.  517 

"  Caer  wen  y  barwn     .     .     . 
Y  sy  gaer  unvaint  a  llys  Greinvil  " 

(To  Grenville's  palace  is  the  baron's  fair  fortress  equal). 

Margam  Abbey,  the  next  antiquarian  monument  of  importance  as  we  move  eastward,  has 
a  fame  noted  as  that  of  Nedd,  albeit  the  sight  of  its  desolation  is  not  so  impressive.  It  has 
the  advantage  of  perishing  amid  scenes  of  unsurpassed  quiet,  the  songs  of  birds,  and  the 
shelter  of  mighty  forest  trees ;  while  the  ruins  of  Neath  Abbey  and  Castle  are  made  to 
lie  in  deeper  gloom  by  the  grime  and  smoke,  the  stifling  breath  of  furnaces,  the  din  and 
turmoil  on  all  sides  surrounding  them.  The  abbey  of  Margam  stands  in  the  extensive  park 
of  the  demesne  of  Margam,  the  seat  of  C.  R.  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  M.P.,  and  formerly  oi 
his  ancestors,  the  Mansels  of  Margam,  Penrice,  &c. ;  and  was  unquestionably  the  nucleus 
around  which  this  great  historic  manor  and  its  fame  and  influence  grew.  The  date  of  its 
foundation,  if  we  take  Dugdale  as  our  guide,  was  A.D.  1147.  Its  founder  was  Robert, 


MARGAM  ABBEY — THE  CHAPTERHOUSE. 

Earl  of  Gloucester,  natural  son  of  Henry  I.,  who  married  the  daughter  of  Fitzhamon, 
the  Norman  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  and  succeeded  him  in  the  lordship.  Giraldus  Cam- 
brensis,  who  visited  the  place  in  1188,  says,  "We  pursued  our  journey  by  the  little  cell 
of  Ewennith  [the  abbey  of  Ewenny  not  having  been  seen,  perhaps]  to  the  noble  Cister- 
cian monastery  of  Margan.  This  monastery,  under  the  direction  of  Conan,  a  learned 
and  prudent  abbot,  was  at  this  time  more  celebrated  for  its  charitable  deeds  than  any  other 
of  that  order  in  Wales.  On  this  account  it  is  an  undoubted  fact  that,  as  a  reward  for  that 
abundant  charity  which  the  monastery  had  always  in  times  of  need  exercised  towards 
strangers  and  poor  persons  in  a  season  of  approaching  famine,  their  corn  and  provisions  were 
perceptibly,  by  divine  assistance,  increased,  like  the  widow's  cruse  of  oil  by  the  means  of 

2     M 


5i8 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


the  prophet  Elijah."  Then  come  a  series  of  strange  prodigies,  the  relation  of  which,  in 
Giraldus's  estimation,  enhanced  the  glory  of  this  celebrated  abbey  and  its  monks. 

After  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries  by  Henry  VIII.,  the  abbey  of  Margam,  with 
its  wide  domain,  whose  revenues  were  valued  at  .£181  73.  4d.,  was  sold  to  Sir  Rice  Mansel, 
of  Oxwich  Castle,  who  fitted  up  part  of  the  building,  with  extensive  additions,  as  a  family 
residence  of  no  mean  splendour,  and  this  for  several  generations  continued  to  be  the  chief 
abode  of  the  Mansels.  In  the  Beaufort  Progress  the  following  account  is  given  of  this 
magnificent  abbey  residence,  as  it  stood  in  1684  : — 

"  Margam  or  Margan  was  anciently  an  abbey,  one  of  whose  abbots,  John  Delaware, 
became  the  thirty-ninth  Bishop  of  LandarT,  and  died  June  30,  1256.  The  arms  in  the 
margin  [of  the  Book]  of  Gwrgan  ap  Ithell,  King  of  Glamorgan,  viz.,  Mars,  three 
chevronels,  Luna,  are  often  repeated  in  the  old  stone  worke  of  Margham." 

"  Margham  is  a  very  noble  seat,  first  purchased  by  Sir  Rice  Mansell,  Knight,  who,  with 
his  lady,  ly  buried  in  Little  St.  Bartholomew's,  neer  Smithfield,  London.  It  appears,  from 
some  noble  ruines  about  it,  to  have  been  formed  out  of  an  ancient  religious  house ;  the 
modem  additions  are  very  stately,  of  which  the  stables  are  of  freestone,  .  .  .  the  roof 
being  ceiled,  and  adorned  with  cornishes  and  fretwork  of  goodly  artifice." 

"  The  ancient  gate-house,  before  the  court  of  the  house,  remaines  unaltered,  because  of 
an  old  prophesie  among  the  bards  thus  concerning  it  and  this  ffamily,  namely,  '  That  as 
soon  as  this  porch  or  gate-house  shall  be  pulled  down  this  family  shall  decline  and  go  to 
decay  ;  idea  quare." 

"  Its  scituation  is  among  excellent  springs,  furnishing  all  yc  offices  thereof  with  excellent 
water,  att  the  foot  of  prodigious  high  hilles  of  woods,  shelter  for  the  deere,  about  a  mile 


MARGAM  ABBEY — THE  CRYPT. 


distant  from  an  arm  of  the  sea,  parting  this  shore  and  the  county  of  Cornwall  in  England, 
below  which,  and  washed  almost  round  with  the  salt  water,  is  a  marsh,  whereto  the  deer, 
the  tide  being  low,  resort  much  by  swimming,  and  thrive  to  such  an  extraordinary  weight 
and  fatness  as  I  never  saw  or  heard  the  like." 

The  Duke  of  Beaufort,  as  the  Lord  President  of  Wales,  was  welcomed  on  this  stately 


(From  the  Beaufort  Progress,  1684.) 


TOMB  OF  SIR  EDWARD  MANSF.L,  KT.,  OF  MAROAM,  (^(1585),  AND  JANE  SOMERSET  HIS  WIFE. 


ARMS  OF  SIR  RICK  MANSF.I.,  OF  MARRAM,  WITH  14  QU 


TOMII  OF  SIR  I.F.WIS  MAXSEI  .  HAKT..  IF  MARCAM,  AND  EUZAHF.TH  ins  \Virr. 


Page  519. 


ANTIQUITIES— MARGAM  ABBEY.  519 

occasion  at  Margam,  as  indeed  everywhere,  with  the  greatest  "  loyalty  "  and  respect.  He 
was  "  conducted  to  the  summer  banqueting-house,  built  after  the  Italian,  where  regular 
simitrie,  excellent  sculpture,  delicate  graving,  and  an  infinity  of  good  Dutch  and  other 
painting,  make  a  lustre  not  to  be  imagined.  Its  pavements  are  of  marbles,  black,  red,  mixt, 
and  white,  chiefly  the  product  of  his  own  quarries  in  lands  in  the  county.  Here  nothing  was 
spared  that  the  noble  place  could  afford  of  diversion  ;  hence  his  Grace  was  enterteined  with 
the  pastime  of  seeing  a  brace  of  bucks  run  down  by  three  footmen,  which  were  afterwards 
led  into  Margham  anti-court  alive,  and  there  judged  fit  for  the  table,  before  ye  huntsman 
gave  the  fatall  stroke  with  his  semiter."  The  house  was  thrown  open  to  all,  "  where  as 
many  as  came,  eat  and  drank  as  their  appetites  led  them."  The  customs  of  the  seventeenth 
century  gave  full  licence,  and  we  may  well  imagine  the  consequence  ! 

It  is  strange  how  little  notice  the  Duke,  or  his  secretary  and  reporter,  T.  Dineley,  took 
of  the  abbey  buildings  which  still  in  great  part  survived.  One  of  the  objects  of  the  Progress, 
judging  from  the  result,  was  to  collect  monumental  inscriptions,  and  several  of  these,  with 
neat  cuts  of  the  massive  altar-tombs  of  the  Mansels,  with  effigies  in  full  armour,  are  given. 
They  are  described  as  being  "  in  a  small  neat  chapell  on  ye  south  side  of  the  chancell." 
An  "  honorary  monument  in  white  marble,  carrying  a  representation  of  Sir  Rice  Mansell, 
Knight,  dame  Cecill,  his  lady,  at  length  lying  on  cusheons  "  (died  A.D.  1589,  but  buried  in 
London)  ;  others  "  to  Sir  Edward  Mansell  and  the  Right  Hon.  dame  Jane,  his  lady,  youngest 
daughter  of  Henry  Somerset,  Lord  Herbert,  seconde  Earle  of  Worcester  of  that  name  ;  Sir 
Lewys  Mansell,  Kt.  and  Bart.,"  and  "  dilectissima  ejus  conjux  Elizabetha,"  &c.,  are  given. 
There  they  lay,  and  there  perhaps  they  still  lie,  effigies  and  all,  a  peaceful  and  distinguished 
line — once  the  lords  of  many  acres,  the  holders  of  great  entertainments,  warriors  and 
statesmen : — 

"  The  knights  are  dust, 
And  their  good  swords  are  rust, 
Their  souls  are  with  the  saints,  we  trust." 

The  Progress  is  not  unmindful  of  heraldry.  "  The  paternall  coat  of  the  Mansells  is — Argent, 
a  chevron  between  three  maundies  or,  sleeves  sable.  This  Word  maunche  is  French,  and  hath 
its  derivation  from  the  Latin  word  manica,  signifying  the  sleeve  of  a  garment." 

The  male  line  of  the  Mansels  of  Margam  became  extinct  in  1750  ;  some  years  after  this, 
about  1780,  the  house  was  pulled  down,  and  its  contents  removed  to  Penrice  Castle.  The 
abbey  chapterhouse  was  still  nearly  perfect  in  1774,  when  Mr.  Wyndham  visited  the  place  ; 
but  the  ruins  were  left  uncared  for,  and  went  into  rapid  decay. 

The  modern  mansion  of  Margam  is  a  superb  structure.  (See  further  Talbot  of  Margam) 
But  what  of  the  earlier  tombs  of  Margam  Abbey  ?  of  the  long  succession  of  abbots  and 
of  holy  monks,  whose  crosiers  and  crosses,  with  their  names,  once  marked  many  a  stone  of 
the  place,  and  had  been  viewed  with  reverence  "by  the  eyes  of  many  generations?  In  the 
duke's  progress  no  mention  is  made  of  them  !  They  had  given  place  to  a  new  generation  of 
tombs,  more  splendid  and  more  interesting,  which  themselves  have  now  become  "  relics  of 
antiquity."  Still,  in  some  obscure  corners  of  chapel  or  crypt  some  of  them  must  have  lain. 
The  lords  of  Avan,  large  contributors  to  the  abbey,  and  buried  there,  must  have  had  some 
durable  memorials.  A  fragment  of  an  effigy,  in  chain  mail,  supposed  to  be  one  of  them, 
still  exists,  but  without  name  or  other  sign;  and  two  elegantly  sculptured  stones,  one 


520  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

bearing  a  foliated  pastoral  staff  of  the  twelfth  century  with  imperfect  inscriptions.  The 
inscription  on  one  of  these  is  legible  : — 

"Constans  et  certus,  jacet  hie  Ryewallis  opertus, 
Abbas  Robertus,  cujus  Deus  esto  misertus." 

Camden  notices  a  stone  with  a  crosier,  a  memorial  of  "  Abbot  Henry,"  as  in  his  time  covering 
a  drain.  The  duke  commemorates  in  his  progress  only  the  family  who  entertained  him 
The  old  abbey  belonged  to  a  corrupter  phase  of  religion.  The  reformed  church  now  set  up 
— though  at  the  date  of  the  progress,  the  days  of  the  Rye  House  Plot,  and  Charles  II.'s 
sorry  exit  from  the  stage  of  life,  in  a  tottering  state — must  at  least  on  the  surface  be 
respected ;  and  prudence  might  counsel  silence  about  abbots  and  monks,  even  though 
belonging  only  to  the  dead  past. 

Kenfig  town  and  Castle,  both  alike  mere  fragments  left  on  the  strand,  not  far  from  Margam, 
supply  to  that  splendid  demesne  the  most  striking  contrast.  The  early  records  say  that 
Kenfig  was  a  princely  British  residence,  retained  by  Fitzhamon  as  part  of  his  own  acqui- 
sitions in  Glamorgan.  The  town,  once  large,  and  still  recognised  in  the  formalities  of 
county  business  as  a  contributory  borough,  was  partly  destroyed  in  the  sixteenth  century  by 
a  fearful  storm  and  inundation  of  the  sea,  which  left  the  place  and  adjacent  lands  covered  by 
a  wilderness  of  sand. 

The  Ogham  stone  of  Kenfig,  on  the  road-side  between  Kenfig  and  Margam,  was,  if  we 
remember  rightly,  the  first  monument  with  true  "  Ogham  "  characters  discovered  in  Wales. 
Since  that  time  six  others  have  been  made  out.  (See  on  other  Ogham  stones,  p.  155.)  The 
stone  itself  was  long  known,  and  mentioned  by  Camden  as  bearing  the  inscription 
PUNPEIUS  CARANTORIUS,  probably  in  memory  of  some  man,  Briton  or  Roman,  of 
Roman  or  post-Roman  times ;  but  the  marginal  indentations  it  bears  had  not  been  thought 
worthy  of  attention  until  made  out  by  Mr.  Westwood  as  characters  of  the  Ogham  alphabet. 
This  monument  is  an  undressed  monolith,  standing  about  4  ft.  6  in.  above  ground.  The 
Ogham  does  not  correspond  with  the  Roman  inscription,  and  Camden  is  not  quite  correct 
in  his  rendering  of  the  latter.  (See  Archaol.  Cambr.,  i.,  182.) 

Coity  Castle,  near  Bridgend,  marks  a  spot  of  historic  note  more  than  coeval  with  the 
Norman  subjugation  of  Glamorgan.  The  name,  Coed-ty,  "  wood-house,"  intimates  that  at 
the  time  it  received  that  designation  it  was  surrounded  by  woodland,  as  indeed  from  the 
nature  of  the  country  it  is  easy  to  believe ;  but  of  the  time  of  its  first  settlement  by  a  British 
lord,  or  the  extent  of  the  demesne,  we  have  no  certain  information.  At  the  time  of  the 
Norman  invasion  the  hereditary  lord  of  Coity  was  Morgan  ap  Meurig,  of  the  line  of 
lestyn  ap  Gwrgant  (pace  Mr.  E.  A.  Freeman,  who  stoutly  disbelieves  pedigrees  unless  they 
happen  to  be  of  Saxon  or  Norman  birth) ;  and  in  the  old  account  by  Sir  Edward  Mansel, 
quoted  in  all  histories  of  Coity,  and  upon  whose  fidelity  no  doubt  has  been  cast,  Morgan's 
daughter  and  heir  is  said  to  have  been  married  to  Paganus  Turbervill,  one  of  Robert 
Fitzhamon's  knights,  who  thenceforward  became  lord  of  the  place.  The  romantic  story  is 
as  follows : — 

"After  eleven  of  the  knights  had  been  endowed  with  lands  for  their  services,  Pain 
Turbervill  asked  Sir  Robert  where  was  his  share  ;  to  which  Sir  Robert  answered,  '  Here  are 
men,  and  here  are  arms ;  go,  get  it  where  you  can.'  So  Pain  Turbervill  with  the  men  went 


ANTIQUITIES— COITY  CASTLE. 


521 


to  Coity,  and  sent  to  Morgan,  the  Welsh  lord,  to  ask  if  he  would  yield  up  the  castle ;  where- 
upon Morgan  brought  out  his  daughter  Sara  [otherwise  called  "  Sar"  and  "  Assar"]  by  the 
hand,  and  passing  through  the  army  with  his  sword  in  his  right  hand,  came  to  Pain 
Turbervill,  and  told  him  if  he  would  marry  his  daughter,  and  so  come  like  an  honest  man 
into  his  castle,  that  he  would  yield  it  to  him  quickly ;  '  and  if  not,'  said  he,  '  let  not  the 
blood  of  any  of  our  men  be  lost,  but  let  this  sword  and  arm  of  mine,  and  those  of  yours, 
decide  who  shall  call  this  castle  his  own.'  Upon  this,  Pain  Turbervill  drew  his  sword  and 


^;C;^r^ 

''.*  r_.  •.•.'-""  - 


COITY  CASTLE. 


took  it  by  the  blade  in  his  left  hand,  and  gave  it  to  Morgan,  and  with  his  right  hand 
embraced  the  daughter ;  and  after  settling  every  matter  to  the  liking  of  both  sides,  he  went 
with  her  to  church  and  married  her,  and  so  came  to  the  lordship  by  true  right  of  possession, 
and  being  so  counselled  by  Morgan,  kept  in  his  castle  two  thousand  of  the  best  of  his  Welsh 
soldiers." 


522  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

The  account  further  states  that  Turbervill,  having  thus  without  aid  of  Fitzhamon's  men 
and  by  lawful  and  peaceful  process  become  owner  of  Coity,  was  unwilling  to  acknowledge 
his  obligation  "  to  pay  the  noble  that  was  due  to  the  chief  lord  every  year  to  Sir  Robert,  but 
chose  to  pay  it  to  Caradoc  ap  lestyn,  as  the  person  he  owned  as  chief  lord  of  Glamorgan," — 
thus  siding  visibly  with  the  native  race.  "  This  caused  hot  disputes,  but  Pain,  with  the  help 
of  his  wife's  brother,  got  the  better  [see  p.  497],  till  in  some  years  after  that  it  was  settled 
that  all  the  lords  should  hold  of  the  seigniory,  which  was  made  up  of  the  whole  number  of 
lords  in  junction  together." 

In  the  "  lolo  MSS."  it  is  recorded  that  Pain  Turbervill  was  succeeded  at  Coity  by  eleven 
generations  of  his  descendants,  ending  in  the  male  line  with  Sir  Richard  Turbervill,  who, 
leaving  no  legitimate  son,  settled  his  property  upon  his  nephew,  Sir  Laurence  Berkrolles, 
son  of  his  sister  Catherine  and  her  husband,  Sir  Roger  Berkrolles,  Lord  of  St.  Athan's.  Sir 
Laurence  married  Matilda,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Despencer,  then  of  Caerphili  Castle. 
These  records  give  her  a  character  and  end  not  out  of  keeping  with  those  of  her  kindred, 
for  she  is  said  to  have  "poisoned  her  husband,  so  that  he  died,"  whereupon  "she  was 
buried  alive,  agreeably  to  the  sentence  pronounced  upon  her  by  the  country  and  the  lord, 
Sir  Richard  Begam,  Lord  of  Glamorgan." 

The  demesne  of  Coity  now  passed  to  a  member  of  another  of  the  great  houses  of 
Glamorgan,  also  of  Norman  descent,  Sir  William  Gamage,  "  son  of  Gilbert,  the  son  of  Sir 
William  Gamage  by  Assar  [Sarah],  the  fourth  daughter  of  Sir  Pain  Turbervill,  the  third"  of 
that  name.  Then  comes  this  curious  piece  of  information  from  the  same  MS. :  "  And  now, 
as  the  possessions  had  thrice  descended  by  distaff,  that  is,  by  the  right  of  a  daughter,  the 
royal  lordship  of  Coetty  became  alienated,  and  went  as  an  escheat  of  Sir  Richard  Begam,  as 
the  law  required.  But  although  property  may,  prerogative  cannot  descend  beyond  three 
times  successively  by  distaff,  hence  the  king  is  now  lord  of  the  Court  of  Coetty,  and  is 
supreme  governor  of  the  county  halls  of  justice ;  but  the  Gamages  are  the  lords  of  the  land, 
and  to  them  appertain  the  possessions  and  manorial  supremacy  of  the  estates."  The  line  of 
Gamage  of  Coity  terminated  in  an  heiress,  Barbara,  daughter  of  John  Gamage  of  Coity 
Castle,  who,  circa  1584,  became  wife  of  Sir  Robert  Sydney  (brother  of  Sir  Philip  Sydney),  of 
Penshurst,  afterwards  Earl  of  Leicester.  (See  further  Gamage  of  Coity  Castle.) 

The  other  side  of  Bridgend  from  Coity  is  Ogmore  Castle,  another  of  those  spots  in 
Glamorgan  made  memorable  by  the  Norman  settlement.  It  stands  at  the  junction  or  aber 
of  the  Wenny  stream  with  the  Ogwr,  and  was  called  by  the  Welsri  Castell  Aberogwr.  By 
some  freak  of  pronunciation,  since  the  days  of  Leland,  the  "  Ogwr,"  as  he  properly  calls  it, 
has  come  to  be  called  Ogmore.  There  must  have  been  here  a  British  settlement  and 
estate,  if  not  a  stronghold,  for  the  Brut  informs  us  that  Fitzhamon  gave  to  William  de 
Londres  (William  de  Lwndwn)  "  the  lordship  of  Aber-ogwr,  and  the  lands  thereto  belonging." 
William  is  credited  with  having  strengthened  the  place,  and  built  the  "  keep,"  still  standing, 
and  said  to  be  in  the  early  Norman  style.  But  his  stay  here  was  not  long,  for,  as  noticed 
elsewhere,  he  pushed  his  way  onward  to  Carmarthenshire  (although  some  accounts  say  that 
this  was  done  by  his  son,  Maurice  de  Londres),  where  he  built  Cydweli  Castle,  possibly 
ambitious  of  escaping  the  position  of  a  retainer  to  the  conqueror  of  Morganwg,  and  becoming 
Oivner  of  an  independent  lordship  held  directly  from  the  king.  But  he  also  held  lands  in 


ANTIQUITIES— OGMORE  CASTLE  ;  EWENNY  ABBEY.  523 

England,  as  did  most  of  the  inferior  lords  of  Glamorgan, — Humfreville,  Fleming,  St. 
Quentin,  and  Sully ;  like  them  he  considered  the  other  side  of  the  Severn  Channel  as  his 
home,  and  there  he,  like  them,  was  buried. 

At  Newton  Nottage,  nigh  to  the  harbour  of  Porthcawl,  we  find  a  neighbourhood  possessing 
a  good  deal  of  antiquarian  interest,  which  has  had  the  advantage  of  careful  illustration  from 
an  antiquary  on  the  spot,  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Knight,  B.D.  (see  Account  of  Newton  Nottage, 
reprinted  from"Arch.  Cambr.,"  1853).  The  chief  antiquities  consist  of  British  circles,  barrows, 
and  Celtic  and  Roman  remains,  a  Medusa  face,  coins,  &c.,  which  prove  either  that  the 
Via  Julia  passed  that  way  (an  improbable  thing  judging  from  the  position),  or  perhaps  that 
"  some  officer  from  the  cohorts  quartered  in  the  Roman  camp  about  Pyle  was  tempted  by 
the  sheltered  aspect  and  pleasant  sea  view  to  fix  his  residence  here;  or  some  British  chief, 
unmolested  while  he  paid  taxes  to  the  Roman  authorities,  resided  in  this  part  of  the 
extensive  tract  called  Tir  y  Brenhin"  as  Mr.  Knight  conjectures.  Some  of  these 
antiquities  were  found  near  Danygraig  House.  Mr.  Knight's  brochure  throws  a  good 
deal  of  light  also  upon  the  old  manor  lands,  estates,  and  families  of  this  primitive  district, 
and  is  a  model  of  what  ought  to  be  attempted  in  every  part  of  the  country. 

At  Marcross  are  the  remains  of  a  cromlech,  unless  recently  destroyed.  The  "  spirit  of 
improvement,"  now  abroad,  is  so  fatal  to  pre-historic  monuments  that  nothing  respecting 
them  is  certain  except  that  they  are  in  daily  peril  of  destruction,  and  therefore  there  may 
no  longer  be  a  cromlech  at  Marcross,  called  the  Old  Church.  The  ruins  of  either  a  castle 
or  a  monastic  building,  also  pointed  out  here,  may  be  safely  considered  to  be  the  latter, 
both  from  the  name  Marcross  (Mary-cross),  and  the  monastic  barn  near  at  hand.  (See 
further  Van  of  Marcross,  and  Marcross  of  Marcross?) 


Ewenny  Abbey  falls  behind  none  of  the  ecclesiastical  and  monastic  ruins  of  Glamorgan 
either  in  the  bold  and  impressive  character  of  its  architecture,  its  age,  or  the  perfect  preser- 
vation of  many  of  its  parts.  Though  the  monastery  is  a  ruin,  the  nave  of  the  priory 
church  is  still  used  for  worship— the  aisles  and  north  transept  having  disappeared.  The 
style  is  pure  Norman,  the  plan  of  the  church  a  Greek  cross ;  the  stone  of  which  it  is  built 
— perhaps  the  lias  of  the  locality — has  stood  so  well  that  the  angularities  are  still  sharp,  and 
the  joints  close  and  regular.  The  whole  of  the  buildings,  church,  convent,  offices,  gardens, 
&c.,  were  surrounded  by  lofty  walls  and  powerful  tower  defences,  indicating  that  the  inmates 
lived  in  times  of  danger,  and  in  a  country  unsettled  if  not  unfriendly.  The  chief  entrance  is 
by  a  magnificent  gateway,  defended  by  towers  and  portcullis,  still  remaining  in  tolerably  good 
preservation ;  and  these,  with  the  terrace  walls,  partly  existing,  are  picturesquely  mantled  with 
ivy.  Under  the  tower  of  the  south  gate  there  was  a  deep  dungeon,  only  six  feet  in  diameter, 
the  entrance  covered  by  a  strong  iron  grating,  through  which  prisoners  were  let  down. 
The  great  central  tower  is  exceedingly  massive — too  much  so  to  be  graceful,  but  is  a  picture 
of  strength  and  durability,  sustained  by  buttresses  of  such  dimensions  as  almost  to  defy 
time.  On  the  whole,  this  great  monument,  in  the  early  Norman  style,  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  architectural  studies  in  the  country. 

This  priory  was  founded  for  the  Benedictines  soon  after  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan,  by 
William  de  Londres,  Lord  of  Ogmore  (Ogvvr),  and  made  by  Maurice  de  Londres,  in  1141, 


524  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

a  cell  to  St.  Peter's  Abbey  at  Gloucester.  It  contains  some  interesting  monuments,  among 
which  is  one  to  the  memory  of  Maurice  de  Londres,  having  an  ornamental  cross  in  relief 
extending  from  one  end  to  the  other,  with  the  following  inscription  deeply  engraved  round 
the  border : — 

"  Ici  gist  Morice  de  Londres  le  fondeur, 
Dieu  lui  rend  son  labeur. " 

The  living  of  Ewenny  is  a  donation  in  the  patronage  of  Thomas  Picton  Turbervill,  Esq., 
whose  mansion,  built  about  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  on  the  site  of  the  old 
priory,  stands  within  the  fortifications  of  the  monastic  edifice.  (See  further,  Turbervill  of 
Ewenny  Abbey.) 

It  would  be  a  mistake  to  suppose  that  these  religious  foundations  at  Ewenny,  Margam, 
and  Neath,  were  any  proofs  of  extraordinary  piety  on  the  part  of  their  Norman  donors. 
These  lords  only  yielded  to  the  demands  put  upon  them  by  the  times.  The  Welsh 
princes  of  the  same  age  were  doing  the  same  work  north  and  south.  Madoc,  Lord  of 
Dinas  Bran,  was  building  Valle  Cruds  Abbey;  the  Lord  Rhys,  of  Dinefawr,  was  building 
those  of  Ystrad  Fflur  and  Talley,  and  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr  probably  had  long  ago  set  up  the 
great  abbey  of  Whitland. 

Dunraven  Castle,  a  modern  structure,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Dunraven,  stands  on  the 
site  of  an  ancient  British  castle  of  great  fame  and  antiquity  on  a  lofty  promontory  near  the 
sea,  where  a  little  stream  joins  the  tide.  Its  early  name  is  said  to  have  been  Dindryfan, 
and  tradition  has  clothed  it  with  the  dignity  of  chief  palace  of  the  kings  of  Wales  from  times 
so  remote  as  those  of  Brin  ap  Llyr  and  his  more  renowned  son,  the  brave  Caractacus.  It  is 
enough  to  say  that  of  this  we  have  no  evidence  beyond  tradition ;  but  as  Caractacus  is 
allowed  by  all,  even  critics  of  Mr.  Freeman's  school — who  reject  the  British  accounts  in 
order  apparently  to  have  more  room  to  swallow  "  English," — to  have  existed,  he  must  have 
resided  somewhere,  and,  during  his  leadership  of  the  Silures,  Dindryfan  may  well  be 
supposed  to  have  been  one  of  his  castles ;  and  who  will  say  that  Caerleon  or  Caerwent  was 
not  another  ? 

Dunraven,  on  the  parting  of  Morganwg  between  Fitzhamon's  knights,  fell,  along  with 
Ogmore,  to  the  share  of  William  de  Londres ;  and  either  he  or  his  son  Maurice  gave  it  and 
the  lands  or  lordship  thereto  belonging  to  Sir  Arnold  Butler.  This  family  continued  at 
Dunraven  for  ten  generations  (see  Butler  of  Dunraven},  till  it  terminated  in  an  heiress,  Eva, 
who  married  Sir  Richard  Vaughan,  of  the  Vaughans  of  Bred  ward  ine,  Tre'rtwr,  &c. ;  and  the 
manor  remained  in  his  descendants  till  the  time  of  his  great-grandson,  Sir  George  Vaughan, 
son  of  Sir  Walter,  grandson  of  Sir  Richard,  who,  losing  his  three  sons  by  an  untimely  death 
by  drowning,  "  sold  the  lordship  and  estate  of  Dunraven  in  1642  to  Humphrey  Wyndham, 
Esq."  (See  Vaughan  of  Dunraven,  Wyndham  of  Dunraven,  and  Dunraven  of  Dunraven.) 


St.  Donat's  Castle,  already  partly  described  (see  engraving,  p.  466),  derives  its  name 
from  the  little  parish  church  in  its  grounds  dedicated  to  St.  Dunawd,  an  early  Welsh 
Christian, — perhaps  that  staunch  abbot  of  Bangor  Iscoed,  who  withstood  the  assumption 


ANTIQUITIES  :  ST.  DONAT'S  CASTLE -LANTWIT  MAJOR.  525 

of  the  monk  Augustine.  (See  Williams'  Eccks.  Antiq.  of  the  Cymry,  141.)  Fitzhamon  gave 
William  le  Esterling,  one  of  his  knights,  "the  lordship  of  Llanwerydd"  {Brut y  Tywysog.), 

+ 

the  Welsh  name  of  St.  Donat's,  who  founded  here  a  family  which  in  course  of  time  became 
known  under  the  altered  form  Stradling,  and  continued  in  possession  of  the  estate  for  a 
period  of  more  than  six  hundred  years.  William  le  Esterling  built  here  a  castle,  but  whether 
in  substitution  for  another  belonging  to  a  Welsh  chieftain  or  on  a  virgin  site  it  is  hard  to 
say ;  but  that  there  was  a  lordship  of  Llanddunwyd  or  Llanwerydd  before  the  Fitzhamon 
conquest,  and  that'the  land  was  taken  from  its  rightful  owner  and  given  to  Le  Esterling, 
is  clearly  taught  us  in  the  Stradling  pedigree  (Jenkins'  4to.  MS.,  p.  223),  for  it  is  there 
stated  that  in  the  fourth  generation  "  Sir  Robert  Stradling  married  Hawisia,  daughter  of  Sir 
Hugh  Brin,  Kt,  whose  mother  was  the  lawful  Welsh  heiress,  on  failure  of  male  issue,  to  the 
castle  and  manor  of  St.  Donat's  (in  Welsh,  Llanddunwyd),"  and  that  "by  this  marriage  the 
Stradlings  acquired  a  rightful  title  by  just  heirship  to  the  estate,"  and  ever  since  "  successively 
continued  to  enrol  their  names  as  Welshmen  "  and  "  warm  patrons  of  Welsh  literature." 
The  last  of  the  Stradlings  of  St.  Donat's  was  Sir  Thomas,  who  died  s.  p.  1738,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-eight,  when  the  extensive  estates  were  divided,  St.  Donat's  falling,  by  virtue  of  a  deed 
made  by  Sir  Thomas,  to  the  share  of  Sir  John  de  la  Fountain  Tyrwhit,  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan- 
shire 1750.  (See  further  Stradling  of  St.  Donafs,  in  "Old  and  Extinct  Families.")  The 
estate  afterwards  passed  to  the  Drake  family,  and  is  now,  by  purchase,  the  property  of 
Dr.  J.  Nicholl-Carne.  What  portion,  if  any,  of  Le  Esterling's  first  castle  remains  in  the 
present  venerable  structure  it  is  difficult  to  determine,  but  it  is  quite  certain  that  the  bulk 
of  St.  Donat's  Castle  as  it  now  stands  is  of  a  comparatively  recent  age. 

The  castle  of  St.  Donat's  is  unquestionably  one  of  the  most  perfect  of  the  ancient  baronial 
halls  of  Wales,  and  highly  interesting  as  having  never  been  left  uninhabited  through  the 
changes  of  several  centuries  since  it  was  founded.  Several  parts  of  the  venerable  pile  clearly 
belong  to  an  earlier  structure,  but  the  great  bulk  of  the  building  is  said  to  be  of  the  age  of 
Henry  VIII.  In  the  MS.  above  quoted  it  is  said,  pp.  223 — 226,  that  Sir  John  Stradling,  created 
a  baronet  by  James  I.,  "  made  the  new  park  and  planted  it  with  trees ;  he  planted  also  many 
trees  in  the  old  park,  and  rebuilt  in  a  great  measure  the  old  tower  which  was  blown  down 
by  a  tremendous  storm  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  when  many  of  the  old  trees  in  the 
park  were  thrown  down  ";  that  Sir  Edward  Stradling,  temp.  Henry  VI.,  who  in  1412  inherited 
the  estates  of  Berkrolles,  returning  from  Jerusalem,  where  he  was  made  Knight  of  the 
Sepulchre,  "  brought  with  him  from  Italy  a  man  skilful  in  carving,  who  made  the  ornamental 
columns  to  be  seen  in  St.  Donat's  Castle."  We  have  no  account  at  hand  of  the  erection  of 
the  main  part  of  the  present  structure.  Since  its  purchase  by  Dr.  Nicholl-Carne  it  has  been 
subject  to  careful  and  extensive  restoration,  its  antique  features  scrupulously  spared  as  far 
as  possible,  and  the  new  work  done,  under  the  guidance  of  the  learned  proprietor,  in  keeping 
with  the  character  of  the  whole. 

The  church  of  Lantwit  Major  and  its  precincts,  indeed  the  whole  site  of  the  village  and 
surrounding  spaces,  offers  to  the  antiquarian  a  field  of  research  of  the  greatest  interest.'  The 
earlier  name  was  Caer  Wrgan.  The  later  and  present  Welsh  name,  Llanilltyd-fawr,  of 
which  "  Lantwit-major"  is  partly  a  corruption  and  partly  a  translation,  commemorates 
St.  Illtyd  (Iltutus),  the  celebrated  monk-professor  of  the  fifth  century,  who  here  either 
originated  or  resuscitated  a  school  which  with  growing  strength  and  reputation  continued  to 


5i6  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

flourish  for  700  years.  It  was,  of  course,  a  monastic  seminary,  and  both  depended  upon  and 
fed  what  in  process  of  time  became  an  imposing  monastery.  The  institution  became  the 
resort  of  youths  noble,  ignoble,  and  royal,  and  ecclesiastics  high  and  low  from  all  parts  of 
Britain  and  the  Continent ;  the  college  sent  forth  learned  men  as  teachers  and  bishops  to 
many  distant  parts,  among  them  St.  David,  Paulinus,  Bishop  of  Leon,  Samson,  Archbishop 
of  D61,  in  Brittany,  &c.  The  Norman  conquest  of  Glamorgan  gave  a  blow  to  the  establish- 
ment of  Llanilltyd-fawr.  Robert  Fitzhamon  transferred  the  property  it  had  accumulated  to 
Tewkesbury  Abbey  ;  but  the  college  and  monastery  still  retained  a  portion  of. their  income 
till  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  whose  Act  for  dissolving  the  monasteries  included  this  place, 
and  bestowed  its  revenues  upon  the  new  chapter  of  Gloucester  Cathedral.  The  ancient 
tithe-barn,  in  ruins,  still  survives ;  the  monastery,  halls,  and  other  buildings,  which  have 
wholly  disappeared,  "  stood  on  a  place  called  Hill-head,  on  the  north  side  of  the  tythe-barn." 
The  ruins  of  the  schools  are  in  a  garden  on  the  north  side  of  the  churchyard.  Strewn  far 
and  near,  in  garden  walls,  field  fences,  jambs  of  cottage  doorways  and  windows,  and  in  the 
furrows  of  the  paddocks  around,  are  fragments  of  hewn  and  carved  stone — relics  of  what 
at  one  time  was  a  town  of  no  inconsiderable  dimensions,  suggestive  of  wholesome  reflections 
on  the  change  which  ages  make  in  human  things,  and  calling  up  unavailing  regrets  at  the 
little  we  really  know  of  the  men  and  the  doings  which  once  distinguished  so  remarkable  a 
spot.  And  yet  the  past  seems  to  rise  with  something  like  distinctness,  constructed  by 
the  imagination  from  the  few  authentic  facts  we  know, — 

"  Visions  of  the  days  departed,  shadowy  phantoms  fill  the  brain  ; 
They  who  live  in  history  only,  seem  to  walk  the  earth  again." 

Lantwit-major,  by  long  and  holy  tenure  consecrated  to  education  and  religion,  is  on  the 
estate  of  Dr.  Nicholl-Carne  of  St.  Donat's  Castle,  and  that  gentleman  a  few  years  ago  gave 
proof  of  the  estimation  in  which  he  held  this  feature  of  the  place,  as  well  as  his  concern  for 
the  advancement  of  education  in  modern  Wales.  When  the  editor  of  this  work  inaugurated 
the  movement  for  university  education  for  Wales,  and  visited  Glamorganshire  to  advance 
the  scheme,  Dr.  Nicholl-Carne  offered  as  a  free  gift  six  acres  of  land  on  this  spot,  including 
the  very  site  of  the  ancient  buildings,  for  the  erection  of  a  university  college  for  South  Wales. 
It  was  then  proposed  to  erect  a  corresponding  college  for  the  North.near  Menai  Bridge, 
where  a  site  of  seven  acres  had  also  been  tendered  gratis.  The  decision,  however,  to 
establish  one  central  college,  and  the  purchase  of  the  noble  Castle  House  premises  at 
Aberystwyth,  prevented  the  final  acceptance  of  the  Lantwit-major  site, — in  many  respects,  and 
especially  in  the  history  of  Welsh  culture,  the  most  interesting  in  all  Wales.  The  projected 
institution  at  our  date  of  writing  is  still  unopened ;  but  a  large  sum  of  money  remains  funded, 
and  a  building  of  ample  capacity  and  unrivalled  architectural  excellence  has  been  purchased 
since  1867  ;  while  a  college  such  as  that  proposed,  free  from  sectarian  narrowness,  and 
superior  in  the  quality  of  its  teaching,  now  that  elementary  and  middle-class  education  is  so 
happily  progressing,  is  more  than  ever  demanded  in  the  Principality. 

The  church  of  Lantwit-major  is  itself  a  huge  and  complex  monument  of  antiquity.  It 
seems  a  thing  almost  entirely  of  the  past.  The  date  accorded  to  its  first  foundation  is 
A.D.  408 ;  but  the  building  now  standing  consists  of  several  parts  of  unequal  age.  The 


ANTIQUITIES— LANTWIT  MAJOR;  LLANTRISANT  CASTLE;  ST.  QUINTIN.         527 

lady  chapel  and  the  old  church  to  which  it  is  attached  are  very  ancient,  the  former 
measuring  forty  feet  long,  decorated  with  statues  of  saints,  &c. ;  the  latter  sixty-four  feet  long, 
displaying  great  rudeness  in  the  arches,  and  an  imperfect  clerestory,  but  with  a  reredos  of 
some  beauty.  Then  continues  what  has  been  usually  considered  a  more  modern  structure  of 
three  aisles,  of  the  age,  it  is  said,  of  Henry  I.,  and  erected  by  Henry  Neville,  Lord  of 
Glamorgan.  This  extends  to  a  length  of  ninety-eight  feet,  by  fifty-three  feet  in  width,  and 
supports  a  tower  "  containing  six  bells  of  exquisite  tone." 

The  church  and  churchyard  abound  in  antiquities.  The  chief  object  of  interest  in  the 
latter  is  the  Cross  of  St.  Iltutus,  erected  in  the  sixth  century  by  Archbishop  Samson  of  D61, 
in  Brittany,  and  a  pupil  of  the  Llanilltyd  College.  Its  height  is  now  about  six  feet  above 
the  surface;  its  breadth  at  the  base  about  two  feet  six  inches,  diminishing  upwards  to  one 
foot  ten  inches.  The  carving  on  its  face  is  well  done ;  and  a  border  divided  into  sections 
runs  along  the  side,  with  an  inscription  yielding  the  words  CRUX  ILTUTI  .  .  .  SAMSON 
POSUIT  HANG  CRUCEM  PRO  ANIMA  EJUS.  The  head  of  the  cross  has  been  broken 
off — of  course,  as  all  the  guide-books  say,  by  the  "  Puritans," — for  as  Cromwell  destroyed  all 
castles,  so  the  "  Puritans  "  alone  did  all  the  mischief  to  ecclesiastical  monuments  ! 

Another  cross  shaft,  of  almost  equal  interest,  and  of  more  curious  history,  stands  against 
the  church  wall.  A  tradition  floated  among  the  old  people  that  a  huge  stone  monument  had 
fallen  into  a  new  grave  and  been  left  there.  In  1 789, lolo  Morganwg—  whose  vocation  seemed  to 
be  to  bring  out  the  hidden  things  of  darkness,  whether  of  stone  or  parchment — felt  a  desire 
to  search  for  the  missing  object.  He  lived  at  Flimstone,  a  few  miles  away ;  and  being  a 
mason  by  trade,  had  perhaps  a  cunning  art  with  stones.  At  all  events,  remembering  the 
tradition,  he  began  digging,  and,  strange  to  say,  soon  came  upon  the  ancient  cross,  and  placed 
it  in  its  supposed  original  position  against  the  church  wall,  where  it  now  stands.  It  is  a 
ponderous  stone,  slightly  pyramidal  in  form,  six  feet  nine  inches  high,  one  foot  three  inches 
across  the  centre,  seventeen  inches  at  the  top,  and  eighteen  inches  thick.  An  inscription  on 
the  side,  judged  to  be  of  the  same  era  as  that  of  the  Crux  Iltuti,  partly  illegible,  shows  that 
it  is  a  monument  to  a  king  or  kings  of  Glamorgan. 

A  third  cross,  discovered  in  1730,  of  similar  date  with  that  of  the  first  mentioned,  seems 
to  be  a  monument  set  up  by  Howel,  Prince  of  South  Wales,  on  his  penance  and  absolution 
or  the  murder  of  his  brother,  Prince  Rhys. 


Llantrisant  Castle,  whose  remains  occupy  the  craggy  heights  on  which  this  historic  little 
awn  is  planted,  was  a  place  of  great  strength  under  the  lords  of  Glamorgan.  From  its  towers 
its  master  could  view  a  wide  extent  of  fertile  country  lying  at  his  mercy.  On  the  division  of 
the  lands  by  Fitzhamon,  Llantrisant,  centre  of  the  hundred  of  Miskin,  fell  to  the  share  of 
Einion  ap  Collwyn,  along  with  Senghenydd  (Caerphilly).  In  A.D.  1247  it  had  come  under 
the  power  of  the  line  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  in  the  person  of  Howel  ap  Meredydd,  who  was 
spelled  therefrom  by  Gilbert  de  Clare,  then  the  supreme  lord  of  Glamorgan ;  but  the 
Norman  was  foiled  in  his  attempt  to  possess  Miskin  and  Llantrisant  by  Cadwgan  Fawr. 
From  hence,  after  leaving  Neath  Abbey  and  Caerphilly  Castle,  Despencer,  the  favourite  of 
Edward  II.,  was  taken  to  Hereford  for  execution.  Edward  le  Despencer  confirmed  the 

rter  of  Llantrisant,  temp.  Edward  III.    Thomas  le  Despencer  did  the  same.    Leland  says, 


52$  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

"  Llantrissant  Castelle,  longing  to  the  king,  as  principal  house  of  Miskin,  lyith  half  a  mile 
from  the  est  ripe  of  Lay  (Ely).  .  .  .  The  castelle  stondeth  on  the  toppe  of  a  hille,  and  is 
in  mine.  It  hath  been  a  fair  castelle  and  had  two  wardes,  and  the  inner  diked,  having 
among  other  toures  one  great  and  high  caulled  '  Gigvran '  [W.,  cigfran,  a  raven],  and  at  this 
castelle  is  the  prison  of  Miskin  and  Glyn  Rodney.  There  were  2  faire  parkes  by  South 
Llantrissent,  now  onpalid,  and  without  deere." 

Near  Cowbridge,  which  has  no  castle  or  other  important  object  of  antiquity  to  boast  of 
except  a  tumulus  and  part  of  a  cromlech,  is  Llanblethian  Castle,  otherwise  called  St.  Quintiifs 
Castle,  whose  entrance  gateway,  ivy-covered,  would  indicate  a  place  at  one  time  of  great 
extent  and  strength.  This  castle  had  its  origin  in  the  Norman  conquest  of  Glamorgan,  when 
the  lordship  of  Llanblethian  fell  to  the  share  of  Sir  Robert  St.  Quintin,  one  of  Fitzhamon's 
companions.  "  To  Robert  de  Sancwintin,"  says  the  Brut,  "  was  given  "*the  lordship  of 
Llanfleiddian-fawr  and  the  royal  burg  of  Pontfaen "  (Cowbridge).  The  castle,  which  was 
probably  first  built  as  a  Norman  stronghold  by  De  St.  Quintin,  on  a  site  which  is  said  to  have 
been  previously  occupied  by  a  British  place  of  defence  and  centre  of  a  lordship,  stands  on 
high  ground  on  the  western  bank  of  the  little  river  Daw. 

The  St.  Quintin  family  are  said  to  have  continued  to  enjoy  the  castle  and  lordship  until 
the  time  of  Henry  III.  The  property  afterwards  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Herberts 
of  Swansea,  and  thence  to  the  Marquess  of  Bute.  (See  De  St.  Quintin  of  Llanbleiddian.) 

In  the  same  immediate  neighbourhood,  commanding  views  of  exquisite  richness  and 
beauty,  is  the  castle  of  Llandough,  with  its  contiguous  little  parish  church,  already  partly 
noticed.  Llandough  or  Llandocha  lordship  came  to  Sir  William  Herbert  from  his  great- 
grandmother,  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Matthew  Cradock,  Kt.,  who  had  here  one  of  his 
principal  residences.  The  castle  of  Llandough  was  not  a  military  stronghold,  but  a 
castellated  mansion.  It  is  now  inhabited  by  the  Rev.  T.  Stacey. 

Penlline  Castle  (now  the  seat  of  John  Homfray,  Esq.)  has  been  a  place  of  note  from  the 
twelfth  century,  when  it  became  the  property  of  a  Norman  settler  named  Sir  Robert  Norris, 
vice-comes,  or  sheriff  of  the  lordship  under  Robert  of  Gloucester,  successor  and  son-in-law  of 
Fitzhamon.  The  Norris  family  continued  at  Penlline  for  several  generations;  were  in 
possession  at  the  time  of  Spencer's  survey ;  and  ceased  in  the  male  descent  with  Sir  John 
Norris,  Kt. 

Beaupre  Castle,  also  near  Cowbridge,  is  a  complete  and  picturesque  ruin  standing  in  a  field 
between  St.  Hilary  and  St.  Mary  Church.  Tradition  relates  that  prior  to  the  Norman 
subjugation  of  Glamorgan,  a  British  fortress  existed  on  the  spot,  and  the  early  Welsh  name 
of  the  place  is  said  to  have  been  Maes  Essyllt,  which  some  have  considered  as  the  proper 
original  of  Beau-pre  (Fair-meadow).  Maes  certainly  means  a  field,  but  how  essyllt  can  be  the 
original  of  the  French /r<?  or  the  English  "meadow"  we  know  not.  D.  Jenkin's  MS.  has  it 
(p.  457)  that  this  Maes-Essyllt  was  the  ancient  and  "favourite  abode  of  the  Sissyllt  family, 
from  whom  are  descended  the  noble  family  of  Cecil,  Marquises  of  Exeter  and  Salisbury,"  and 
that  "  Llewelyn  ap  Sissyllt  [Prince  of  North  Wales],  who  inherited  the  principality  of  South 
Wales  in  right  of  his  wife  [d.  circa  1020],  frequently  held  his  court  at  this  place."  In  this 
princely  line  the  lordship  is  reported  to  have  continued  until  it  was  purchased  (temp. 
Henry  II.)  by  Sir  Philip  Bassett,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England,  a  near  descendant  of  John 
Bassett,  chancellor  or  vice-comes  to  Robert  Fitzhamon.  We  believe  _the  lands  of  Beaupre  have 


ANTIQUITIES— BEAUPRE  CASTLE  ;  LLANCARFAN.  529 

ever  since  continued  in  the  family  of  Bassett,  although  the  place  of  residence  has  been 
removed  to  a  little  distance,  and  the  original  seat  allowed  to  fall  to  ruin.  (See  Basset 
of  Heaupre.) 

The  entrance-porch  of  this  ruin  is  at  once  an  extremely  beautiful  specimen  and  a 
peculiar  medley  of  architecture  containing  Italian  features,  held  by  some  to  be  the  earliest  of 
that  order  introduced  into  England.  The  age,  as  shown  by  a  date  over  the  entrance,  is  1586, 
and  the  work  was  done  by  a  native  of  the  neighbourhood,  Richard  Twrch  by  name,  who 
acted  in  the  double  capacity  of  architect  and  working  builder.  The  story  is  that  this  man 
and  his  brother  William  were  stonecutters  (temp.  Edward  VI.),  and  worked  the  Sutton 
freestone  quarries ;  that,  a  .disagreement  arising  between  them,  Richard  left  the  country,  and 
for  many  years  worked  at  his  trade  in  London,  and  afterwards  in  Italy,  where  he  attained 
"  great  proficiency  in  the  science  of  architecture  and  the  arts  of  masonry  and  sculpture."  At 
last,  returning  to  his  native  neighbourhood,  he  re-entered  upon  his  former  business  at  Sutton 
quarries,  and  executed  work  in  a  manner  so  superior  as  soon  to  command  admiration  and 
large  employment.  He  was  engaged  by  the  Bassetts  to  build  at  Beaupre  Castle  first  the  chapel 
in  the  year  1586,  and  afterwards  the  porch  in  1600.  This  porch  is  in  the  three  Greek  ocders, 
the  Doric,  Ionic,  and  Corinthian,  wrought  with  an  elegance  and  delicacy  not  often  to  be  seen 
in  structures  of  much  later  date  and  by  the  most  celebrated  architects.  It  is  remarkable, 
however,  that  the  doorway  arches  in  the  porch  and  chapel  are  in  pointed  Gothic,  while  all 
besides  is  in  the  composite  Grecian.  See  a  paper  on  this  subject  by  lolo  Morganwg,  Cambr. 
Journ.,\.,  138. 

Fonmon  Castle,  Penmark  Castle,  and  Wenvoe  Castle,  all  of  Norman  origin,  and  noticed 
elsewhere,  lie  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  the  county,  not  far  from  the  sea.  (See  Jones  of 
Fonmon  Castle,  Thomas  of  Wenvoe,  andftnner  of  Wenvoe.') 

Llancarfan,  in  this  same  district,  is  a  place  of  antiquarian  and  historic  interest,  chiefly  as 
the  site  of  an  early  monastery,  and  as  the  birthplace  of  the  celebrated  chronicler,  Caradoc 
of  Llancarfan.  Caradoc  lived  in  the  twelfth  century,  but  of  the  details  of  his  life  little  is 
known.  His  memorial  is  in  his  work,  Brut y  Tywysogion, — "Chronicle  of  the  Princes  of 
Wales,"  several  copies  of  which  in  MS.  have  come  down  to  our  time,  varying  con- 
siderably in  dialect,  and  in  the  copiousness  of  their  narrative,  but  substantially  agreeing  in 
their  facts,  as  copies  of  the  same  original  work,  modified  by  different  transcribing  editors  of 
different  ages  and  provinces,  might  be  expected  to  do.  For  the  Brut,  in-  four  different 
recensions,  see  Myvyrian  Archaol.  of  Wales,  vol.  ii. 

The  monastery  of  Llancarfan,  called  also  Llanfeithin,  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by 
Germanus.  Dubricius  (Dyfrig)  has  the  credit  of  having  been  its  first  head,  or  abbot,  before  his 
appointment  to  the  see  of  Llandaff".  This  college  sent  forth  six  missionaries  to  convert 
"  the  Scots  of  Ireland."  The  monastery  of  Llancarfan  is  believed  to  have  been  destroyed 
about  1400,  by  the  Normans,  since  which  time  we  find  no  mention  of  its  affairs. 

The  celebrated  cromlech  of  St.  Nicholas,  known  by  the  name  of  Llech  y  Filast,  is  the 
largest  in  superficial  measurement  in  Britain,  being  in  length  twenty-four  feet,  in  greatest 
breadth  seventeen  feet,  by  about  two  and  a  half  feet  in  thickness.  The  cubic  measurement 
of  this  magnificent  flag  is  three  hundred  and  twenty-four  feet.  A  crack  runs  across  at  about 
six  feet  from  the  narrower  end.  The  supporting  stones,  five  in  number,  prop  it  up  at  a 


53°  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

height  of  some  six  feet,  and  enclose,  on  three  sides,  an  apartment  not  less  than  sixteen  feet 
by  fifteen.  One  of  the  supporters  forms  a  wall  sixteen  feet  in  length.  Truly  a  stupendous 
tomb !  A  companion  cromlech  at  Dyffryn,  at  a  short  distance  from  the  former,  measures 
fourteen  feet  by  thirteen  feet  in  the  widest  part,  supported  by  three  stones  above  seven  feet 
high.  These,  and  Arthur's  Stone,  in  Gower,  already  described,  are  the  chief  pre-historic 
remains  in  Glamorganshire.  , 

In  passing  from  Lantwit-major  and  Llancarfan,  by  St.  Pagan's,  to  Llandaff,  it  is  im- 
possible not  to  feel  that  we  are  treading  at  every  foot  on  ground  possessing  peculiar  interest 
in  the  history  of  the  Christian  Church  in  Britain.  These  were  .all  early  settlements  of  the 
faith.  Dyfrig,  Catwg,  llltyd,  and  Dewi,  and  considerably  earlier,  Fagan,  are  foremost  names 
in  the  ecclesiastical  antiquities  of  Wales,  and  all  of  them  were  intimately  connected  with 
the  Vale  of  Glamorgan. 


ANCIENT  CROSS  AT  LLANDAFF. 

The  cathedral  church  of  Llandaff,  whose  more  recent  history  has  already  been  noticed, 
is  said  to  have  been  invested  with  the  dignity  of  a  chief  church,  whose  head  pastor  was 
an  overseer  of  neighbouring  pastors,  in  other  words  a  bishop,  as  early  as  the  fifth  century. 
Dyfrig  (Dubricius),  already  named  as  first  abbot  of  the  monastery  of  Llancarfan,  was  its  first 
bishop,  and  next  to  him  was  Teilo.  By  the  liberality  of  Meurig,  King  of  Glamorgan,  all  the 
lands  between  the  rivers  Taff  and  Elwy  were  conferred  upon  this  church.  The  early 
structure,  on  the  same  spot  as  the  present  cathedral  (see  engravings,  pp.  468-9),  was 
repeatedly  destroyed  and  rebuilt  during  the  incursions  of  the  Saxons,  Danes,  and  Normans, 
and  the  contentions  of  the  British  princes  among  themselves.  The  cathedral,  out  of  the 
dilapidations  of  which  the  beautiful  pile  now  standing  forth  in  its  renovated  glory  has  arisen, 
was  a  work  of  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  and  the  year  given  for  its  foundation  is  A.D.  1120, 


ANTIQUITIES— LLANDAFF  CATHEDRAL.  531 

Urban  being  then  the  bishop.  The  conquest  of  Glamorgan  by  the  Normans,  and  the 
barbarities  therein  practised,  had  reduced  the  former  sanctuary  to  ruins,  and  the  work  was 
now  to  be  done  from  the  foundations.  It  took  about  sixty  years  to  complete  the  nave,  and 
eighty  more  to  complete  the  choir,  or  "  eastern  chapel." 

It  was  during  the  progress  of  this  work  (A.D.  1 188)  that  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  in  company 
with  Archbishop  Baldwin  of  Canterbury,  on  their  tour  through  Wales  preaching  the  Crusades, 
visited  Llandaff.  He  says  little  about  the  cathedral,  and  makes  no  allusion  to  its  building;  but 
from  what  he  incidentally  mentions  we  are  given  to  understand  that  the  church  had  then  a  "high 
altar," — an  essential  part,  of  course,  in  a  church  of  the  twelfth  century,  but  a  part  which  here 
might  be  only  substitutionary  and  temporary.  "  On  the  following  morning,"  he  says  (ftin.,  7), 
"  the  business  of  the  cross  being  publicly  proclaimed  at  Llandaf,  the  English  standing  on  one  side, 
and  the  Welsh  on  the  other  [showing  a  sharp  line  of  race  distinction  !],  many  persons  of  each 
nation  took  the  cross  ;  and  we  remained  there  that  night  with  William  [de  Salso  Marisco], 
bishop  of  that  place,  a  discreet  and  honourable  man.  The  word  J,landaf  signifies  the  church 
situated  upon  the  river  Taf,  and  is  now  called  the  church  of  St.  Teileau  \Teilo  is  spelt  by 
Giraldus  to  suit  the  Norman-French  pronunciation],  formerly  bishop  of  that  see.  The  arch- 
bishop having  celebrated  mass  early  in  the  morning  before  the  high  altar  of  the  cathedral, 
we  immediately  pursued  our  journey  by  the  little  cell  of  Ewenith  [we  must  suppose  that 
Giraldus,  pursuing  a  too  northerly  route,  had  not  seen  Maurice  de  Londres'  great  monastery 
of  Ewenny,  which  by  this  date  was  building,  if  not  complete, — see  p.  523]  to  the  noble 
Cistercian  monastery  of  Margan." 

The  cathedral  which  was  in  process  of  building  in  the  twelfth  century  had  become  a 
crumbling  pile  by  the  eighteenth.  Browne  Willis,  writing  of  it  in  1715,  says,  "  The  glorious 
structure  has  fallen  into  a  most  deplorable  state  of  decay  within  these  few  years."  The 
southern  tower  at  last  fell.  The  authorities  now  collected  a  sum  of  money,  and  set  to  work 
to  "deface"  what  remained,  and  to  add  to  it  incongruous  deformities  by  way  of  supposed 
restoration  and  improvement.  It  was  now  that  those  objectionable  features  were  introduced, 
already  referred  to  at  p.  471.  The  nave,  however,  "was  left  roofless,  and  St.  Mary's  Chapel 
deserted."  Thus  it  continued  until  the  modern  restoration,  which  has  ended  in  so  much 
majesty  and  beauty.  (See  pp.  467 — 471.) 

"  The  western  facade  of  our  cathedral,"  says  Dean  Conybeare,  in  a  paper  in  the  Archizol. 
Cambrensis,  "  is  a  very  beautiful  and  characteristic  specimen  of  the  transition  between  the 
later  Norman  and  early  pointed  styles  contemporaneously  with  the  age  of  our  Richard  Cceur 
de  Lion.  It  appears  to  rest  on  the  clearest  evidence  that  the  principal  features  of  this  new 
style— its  pointed  arches  with  its  multifoil  or  cuspidated  mouldings — were  borrowed  from 
Saracenic  architecture,  and  first  introduced  by  the  influence  of  the  Crusades ;  and  we 
therefore  naturally  associate  the  style  so  derived  with  the  name  of  a  monarch  so  identified 
with  these  military  adventures." 

"  Our  western  facade  presents  a  specimen  of  this  style,  exquisitely  beautiful,  and  nearly 
unrivalled  for  the  elegance  and  simplicity  of  its  composition  and  execution,  and,  from  the 
great  predominance  of  its  pointed  over  its  Norman  features,  seems  to  be  a  late  example  of  the 
transition  style.  It  is  composed  of  three  stories,  besides  the  extreme  angle  forming  the  upper 
termination  of  the  pediment.  Of  these  three  stories,  the  lowest  exhibits  the  great  western 
doorway,  which  is  Norman  just  so  far  as  its  rounded  arch  can  entitle  it  to  that  denomination  ; 


532 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


but  this  is  supported  by  triple  clustered  columns  with  slender  shafts,  surmounted  by  capitals 
with  long  thin  necks,  overhung  by  protruding  foliage,  intermingled  with  birds,  apes,  and 
human  figures,  all  marked  characters  of  the  confirmed  pointed  style." 

"  The  second  story  of  the  western  facade  presents  three  narrow  and  lofty  lancet  windows, 
which,  with  their  two  intermediate  piers,  are  faced  by  an  arcade  of  five  lancet  arches, 
alternately  broader  and  more  narrow,  the  former  corresponding  with  the  windows,  the  latter 
with  the  dividing  piers.  The  third,  or  sub-pedimentary  story,  exhibits  a  central  window  with 
an  arch  very  nearly,  if  not  exactly  round.  This  is  flanked  on  either  side  by  an  arcade 
gradually  lowering,  which  is  formed  by  a  series  of  three  arches.  .  .  .  All  the  shafts  and 
capitals  of  this  arcade  are  still  of  the  early  pointed  style." 


CASTEI.L  COQH,  ON  THE  TAFF. 


Following  the  Taff  a  few  miles  to  the  interior,  we  come  in  view  of  Castell  Coch  (the  Red 
Castle  ;  so  called  by  reason  of  the  colour  of  its  stones,  taken  probably  from  the  durable  red 
dolomite  of  the  Radir  beds).  This  picturesque  ruin  stands  boldly  on  a  craggy  declivity 
facing  the  Taff,  high  enough  to  command  a  view  of  the  Channel  beyond  Cardiff,  and  of  the 
mountain  gorges  and  passes  inland, — a  most  important  post  to  watch  and  guard  against 
incursions  from  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan  into  the  hilly  parts,  and  the  contrary.  The  age  of  the 
structure  is  not  known,  but  the  spot  is  believed  to  be  the  site  of  the  castle  of  Ivor  Bach,  the 
chieftain  of  short  stature  but  puissant  spirit  mentioned  by  Giraldus  (see  p.  501),  who  broke 
into  Cardiff  Castle,  carried  off  William,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  his  wife  and  son  into  the 
woods,  and  declined  their  release  until  his  demands  were  fully  satisfied.  The  present  castle 
is  thought  to  be  a  Norman  work  of  later  date  than  Ivor's  time ;  but  of  its  builder  and  its 
subsequent  history  next  to  nothing  is  known.  Ivor  Bach,  at  the  very  time  of  the  above 


ANTIQUITIES— CAERPHILLY  CASTLE.  533 

exploit,  was  holding  his  lands  in  fee  from  the  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  whom  he  imprisoned,  and 
it  was  inevitable  that  sooner  or  later  a  post  so  important  as  Castell  Coch  should  become  a 
mere  outpost  of  Cardiff  Castle,  and  in  connection  with  Caerphilly,  Llantrisant,  and  Coity 
Castles,  serve  in  checking  the  Welsh  and  cutting  off  their  retreat  when  ravaging  the  Vale  of 
Glamorgan. 

Caerphilly  Castle  is  the  grandest  and  most  wonderful  ruin  in  Wales  or  England.  We 
have  already  given  a  large  engraving  showing  the  vastness  of  its  extent  from  one  of  its  sides 
(see  frontispiece),  and  here  supply  two  others,  the  one  giving  its  general  position  among  the 
bleak  hills  of  Senghenydd,  the  other  a  view  of  its  main  entrance  and  leaning  tower.  A 
strange  obscurity  rests  upon  the  name  of  this  fortress.  The  earlier  British  name,  Senghenydd 
(a  corruption  of  St.  Cenydd,  who  is  said  in  the  Brut  to  have  founded  a  monastery  on  the 
spot),  is  both  familiar  and  intelligible,  but  the  modern  Caerphilly,  or,  more  correctly,  if  the 
components  are  Welsh,  Caerphili,  is  a  perfect  puzzle.  How  it  arose,  and  what  its  reason,  no 
man  can  tell.  Conjecture,  therefore,  has  been  rife ;  and  the  most  far-fetched  and  strained 
derivations  have  been  proposed.  It  were  beneath  the  dignity  of  scholars  not  to  search  for  a 


CAERPHILLY  CASTLE — GENERAL  VIEW. 

key  among  the  archives  of  Greek  or  Latin,  and  we  have  been  accordingly  offered  Cara-filia, 
on  the  assumption  that  some  one's  "beloved  daughter"  had  held  some  relation  to  the  place. 
The  wise  in  the  legendary  lore  of  Britain  would  fetch  the  word  from  Beli  Mawr,  and  supply 
Caer-Beli— forgetting  that  the  name  to  be  explained  is  in  reality  of  comparatively  modern 
manufacture.  Edward  Lhwyd  makes  it  to  be  Caer-vyli,  "  the  king's  stronghold  or  city,"  from 
vol,  a  king.  But  did  the  Welsh  contain  such  a  word  for  "king"  in  the  thirteenth  century? 
And  was  Caerphilly  the  city  of  a  king  at  any  time,  except  in  one  or  two  instances  as  a  place 
of  temporary  lodgment  ?  Others  have  an  idea  that  the  name  may  be  from  Philip.  We 

2     N 


534 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


know  of  no  "  Philip  "  who  called  this  castle  his  own.  Philip  ap  Meredydd,  of  Cilsant,  once 
held  the  castle  for  a  time,  and  entertained  there  500  horsemen,  and  it  has  been  ingeniously 
suggested  that  the  name  might  have  arisen  from  that  circumstance.  But  Philip  ap  Meredydd, 
it  is  to  be  remembered,  lived  in  the  fifteenth  century,  for  his  son,  Sir  Thomas  Philips, 
received  the  honour  of  knighthood,  according  to  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  of  Middlehill 
— a  branch  of  the  Cilsant  stock- — in  1511,  and  we  have  ground  for  believing  and  showing 
hereafter  that  this  castle  went  by  the  name  Caerphilly  long  before  his  age. 

On  the  partition  of  Morganwg  by  Fitzhamon,  circa  A.D.  1092 — 1094,  this  lordship,  under 
the  British  name  Sainghenydd,  fell  to  the  share  of  Einion  ap  Cadifor  ap  Collwyn  (Brut y 
Tywysog.).  A.D.  1217,  Llewelyn  the  Great,  during  one  of  his  victorious  marches  through  the 
south,  gave  the  castle,  called  by  the  same  chronicle  Sdnhenyd,  to  his  son-in-law,  Reginald 
de  Breos,  after  Rhys  Fychan  had  attacked  it,  and  the  garrison,  out  of  fear,  had  set  fire  to 
both  castle  and  town.  In  1221  John  de  Breos  repaired  the  castle  of  Sang  Henyd.  In  1270, 
for  the  first  time,  we  meet  in  the  Brut  a  form  of  the  new  name  Caerphilly.  "  In  that  year 
Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd  took  the  castle  of  Caer-Filu."  At  this  time  the  castle  and  lordship  of 
Caerphilly  were  held  by  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  Lord  of  Glamorgan.  The 
reason  of  the  change  of  name  in  the  Brut,  from  Senghenyd  to  Caer-Filu,  is  the  one  thing  to 
be  found  out.  The  time  when  these  entries  were  actually  made  in  the  Brut  of  Caradoc  is 


<\ 

9 

CAERPIIIU.Y  CASTI.E— MAIN  ENTRANCE  AND  LEANING  TOWER. 

not  of  much  importance  ;  for  whenever  made  they  must  be  presumed  to  give  the  castle  its 
proper  name  for  the  time  being — "  Senghenyd  "  when  it  was  called  Senghenyd,  and  "  Caef- 
filu  "  when  it  came  to  be  called  Caerfilu.  Neither  in  person,  place,  nor  event  can  we  discover 
a  plausible  reason  for  the  new  and  ever  since  persistent  designation. 

The  first  of  the  De  Clares  who  possessed  this  lordship  was  Gilbert  above  named,  sur- 


ANTIQUITIES— CAERPHILLY  CASTLE.  535 

named  "  the  red  ; "  but  how  he  obtained  it  is  not  quite  clear.  Some  say  it  was  by  purchase. 
Like  most  of  the  Lords  of  Glamorgan  he  held  immense  estates  in  England,  and  was  a  man 
of  foremost  influence  and  activity  under  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I.,  and  married  Joan  of 
Acre,  daughter  of  the  latter.  The  repulse  he  met  when  attempting  to  arrest  the  lordship  of 
Miskin  and  castle  of  Llantrisant  from  the  line  of  lestyn  has  already  been  mentioned.  How 
much  of  the  castle,  now  in  ruins,  existed  in  his  time  it  is  impossible  to  say.  Dying  in  1295, 
he  left  his  vast  possessions,  including  Caerphilly  Castle,  to  Gilbert,  his  son  by  Joan,  a  boy 
only  five  years  of  age.  He  grew  up  a  strong  partisan  of  Edward  II.,  and  in  defence  of  his 
failing  cause  fell  in  the  battle  of  Bannockburn,  A.D.  1314,  in  the  twenty-third  year  of  his  age, 
leaving  no  issue,  when  his  manor  and  castle  devolved  upon  his  three  sisters,  the  eldest  of 
whom,  Eleanor,  married  Hugh  le  Despencer  the  younger,  who  in  her  right  became,  as  Lord 
of  Glamorgan,  seised  of  Caerphilly  Castle. 

Hugh  Despencer  was  at  once  the  most  splendid  and  most  unfortunate  of  the  lords  of 
Caerphilly.  He  so  far  enlarged,  strengthened,  and  decorated  the  fortress  that  the  fallen  and 
crumbling  masses  which  now  open  such  a  field  of  desolation  to  the  beholder  may  be  said  to 
be  the  ruins  of  Despencer's  castle.  He,  like  De  Clare,  was  devoted  to  the  feeble  Edward. 
In  1326  the  king  fled  to  Bristol,  pursued  by  the  queen  and  barons  of  the  kingdom,  but 
encouraged  to  persist  by  the  two  Despencers,  father  and  son.  The  elder  Despencer  was 
executed  at  Bristol ;  and  the  younger,  with  the  king,  fled.  There  is  confusion  in  the  accounts 
of  subsequent  events  and  their  sequence — the  embarking  for  Ireland,  or  Lundy  Island ;  the 
refuge  at  Neath  Abbey ;  the  defence  of  Caerphilly  Castle ;  the  escape  thence,  and  the 
subsequent  capture  of  Despencer  and  the  king  near  or  at  Llantrisant ;  and  the  execution  of 
the  former  at  Hereford,  &c. :  but  it  is  certain  that  in  1326  the  younger  Hugh  Despencer, 
after  his  father's  execution,  and  after  the  concealment  at  Neath  Abbey,  had  the  king  with 
him  at  Caerphilly  Castle,  and  that  they  were  here  hotly  besieged  by  the  queen's  forces,  under 
command  of  Roger  Mortimer,  who,  besides  serving  her  Majesty,  claimed  the  castle  as  his 
inheritance  by  a  right  preceding  that  of  Despencer,  viz.,  the  will  of  Joan  of  Acre,  his  mother 
by  her  second  husband,  Ralph  de  Mortimer. 

The  investing  army  on  this  occasion  is  said  by  some  to  have  numbered  10,000  men,  but 
the  same  number  is  assigned  as  the  investing  army  under  the  Glamorgan  insurgent,  Llewelyn 
Bren,  who  is  said  to  have  reduced  the  castle  in  1315  ;  and  it  is  just  possible  that  the  two 
sieges  are  confounded.  Although  Despencer  and  his  master  seem  to  have  thrown  themselves 
into  the  castle  precipitately,  they  must  have  contemplated  such  a  step  long  before,  and 
Despencer  had  counted  the  cost  of  defending  his  stronghold  against  a  formidable  attack. 
Improving  upon  the  work  of  De  Clare,  he  had  built  a  castle  second  to  none  in  the  kingdom ; 
he  felt  that  he  and  the  king,  with  a  few  partisans,  had  to  confront  the  popular  cause  supported 
by  the  queen  and  the  barons  of  England,  and  that  the  estimation  in  which  he  and  his  family 
were  held  presaged  no  good  if  he  failed  in  the  conflict.  He  had  therefore  entrenched  himself 
strongly,  gathered  the  largest  force  available,  stocked  his  fields  and  his  barns,  and  laid  in 
provisions  on  an  immense  scale. 

The  castle  being  of  vast  extent,  there  has  been  no  end  of  exaggeration  respecting  the 
number  of  live  animals  and  other  provisions  laid  up  within  the  walls  preparatory  to  the  siege. 
We  hear  of  "  2,000  fat  oxen,  12,000  cows,  25,000  calves,  30,000  fat  sheep,  600  draught- 
horses,  and  a  sufficient  number  of  carts  for  them,  2,000  fat  hogs ;  of  salt  provisions  200 


536  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

beeves,  600  muttons,  1,000  hogs;  200  tuns  of  French  wine,  40  tuns  of  cider  and  wine  the 
produce  of  Despencer's  own  estates,  with  wheat  enough  to  make  bread  for  2,000  men  for 
four  years,  and  salt  filling  the  great  round  tower  (now  'the  leaning  tower'),  being  laid  up 
within  the  castle.  But  the  extravagance  of  this  account  is  patent.  The  truth  probably  is 
that  Despencer  had  provided  food  to  this  extent  on  his  estates,  partly  within  and  partly 
without  his  castle ;  but  that  he  had  driven  within  his  walls,  even  if  the  walls  were  sufficiently 
capacious  to  admit,  such  a  multitude  of  live  cattle,  hogs,  horses,  and  sheep,  which  would 
require  for  their  daily  sustenance  such  an  amount  of  provision,  is  totally  incredible  on  any 
other  supposition  than  that  of  his  suicidal  folly.  We  believe  the  story  has  arisen  from  the 
confounding  of  preparations  for  this  siege  with  other  and  later  accounts  we  have  of  the  great 
wealth  of  the  Despencers  in  cattle  as  well  as  in  money.  Another  Despencer,  Thomas  (the 
last  of  his  race),  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  and,  by  restoration,  of  Caerphilly,  on  petitioning 
Parliament  for  the  reversal  of  the  sentence  of  banishment  pronounced  against  his  forefather, 
Hugh  Despencer,  delivered  an  inventory  of  the  said  Hugh's  territories  and  property  at  the 
time  of  his  impeachment.  From  this  we  find  (see  Collins1  Peerage)  that  this  Hugh  Despencer 
was  lord  ot  not  less  than  fifty-nine  lordships  in  various  counties  in  England  and  Wales,  was 
possessed  of  28,000  sheep,  1,000  oxen  and  steers,  1,200  kine  with  their  calves,  forty  mares 
with  their  colts  of  two  years,  160  drawing  horses,  2,000  hogs,  3,000  bullocks,  40  tuns  of  wine, 
600  bacons,  fourscore  carcasses  of  Martinmas  beef,  600  muttons  in  his  larder,  ten  tuns  of 
cider;  armour,  plate,  jewels,  and  ready  money  better  than  ^10,000,  thirty-six  sacks  of  wool, 
and  a  library  of  books." 

All  this  bustle  at  Caerphilly,  we  may  remember,  took  place  after  the  conquest  of  Wales 
by  Edward  I.  But  that  conquest  had  nothing  or  little  to  do  with  Glamorgan — this  Lordship 
Marcher,  since  the  time  of  Rufus,  being  a  fee  under  the  English  king.  And  this  Edward  II., 
who  was  now  being  hunted  about  by  his  own  queen  and  subjects,  and  hiding  his  head  at 
Caerphilly,  was  a  son  of  that  conqueror  of  Wales,  as  well  as  father  of  an  equally  puissant 
soldier,  Edward  the  Black  Prince.  Queen  Isabella's  forces  succeeded  in  reducing  this  great 
fortress,  whose  defence  was,  at  least  in  part,  conducted  for  Despencer  by  John  de  Felton. 
It  took  a  great  deal  of  arrow-throwing,  stone-throwing  with  the  ballisla,  and  battering  with 
ponderous  rams,  before  a  breach  was  effected.  This  was  made,  it  is  said,  near  the  "  leaning 
tower,"  which  was  thrown  out  of  its  perpendicular,  if  report  be  true,  by  an  explosion,  but  far 
more  likely  by  undermining,  either  at  that  time  or  subsequently.  As  the  castle  was  long 
inhabited  after  this  attack,  such  a  leaning  tower  would  scarcely  have  been  allowed  to  continue 
to  mar  the  structure  and  record  the  disaster,  so  that  the  fracture  is  more  likely  to  be  the 
result  of  later  attacks,  either  by  Owen  Glyndwr  (A.D.  1400)  or  during  the  Civil  War. 

For  four  generations  the  Despencer  family  suffered  degradation,  until  another  Hugh, 
mentioned  above,  succeeded,  temp.  Edward  III.,  in  recovering  a  vast  amount  of  his  fore- 
fathers' landed  estates,  but  had  scarcely  completed  this  success  when  death  overcame  him. 
He  left  a  widow,  but  no  issue.  He  was  followed  by  his  brother  Edward,  by  his  brother's 
son  Edward  (who  went  with  the  Black  Prince  to  France,  fought  at  Poictiers,  and  is  styled 
by  Froissart  "a  great  baron  and  good  knight,"  died  at  Cardiff  1365),  and  by  the  same 
Edward's  son,  Thomas,  who  died  on  the  scaffold  at  Bristol  for  treason  A.D.  1400,  when 
all  his  estates  were  confiscated.  His  daughter  and  heiress,  Isabel,  married  as  her  second 
husband  Richard  de  Beauchamp,  Earl  of  Warwick.  (See  The  Despencers.} 


ANTIQUITIES— CAERPHILLY  CASTLE.  537 

The  Beiuchamps  and  the  Nevilles,  Earls  of  Warwick,  next  Lords  of  Glamorgan  by 
marriage  alliance,  were  men  of  great  note  and  splendour,  and  passed  away  in  rapid 
succession,  their  line  ending  in  heiresses  who  married  princes  and  kings.  During  their 
brief  day  of  stately  magnificence  we  hear  little  of  Caerphilly  Castle,  or  whether  it  always 
continued  in  the  same  succession,  but  have  much  reason  to  believe  that  soon  after  the 
extinction  of  the  Despencer  glory  it  was  allowed  to  fall  into  neglect.  It  was  at  last  used  as 
a  prison,  and  finally  dismantled  after  the  Civil  War.  Leland,  circa  1540,  describes  "  Cairfilly 
Castelle  "  as  "  sette  among  marisches,  where  be  ruinous  walks  of  wonderfull  thicknesse,  and 
a  toure  kept  up  for  prisoners."  It  is  the  property  of  the  Marquis  of  Bute.  After  lying 
long  in  silent  desolation,  visited  only  by  the  curious  tourist  and  antiquarian,  its  repose  was 
broken  in  July,  1871,  by  a  great  gathering  of  archaeologists,  for  whose  reception  the  great 
hall  of  the  castle  had  been  fitted  up  with  considerable  magnificence.  The  noble  owner,  who 
presided,  invited  his  guests  to  a  sumptuous  luncheon  in  the  ancient  banqueting-hall  of  the 
Despencers,  roofed  in  for  the  occasion,  and  the  entertainment  was  continued  by  a  discourse 
on  the  castle  from  G.  T.  Clark,  Esq.,  of  Dowlais,  and  by  inspection  of  the  plan  and  chief 
features  of  the  fortress,  and  the  wilderness  of  ruins  lying  about.  Will  there  ever  be  another 
great  event  at  Caerphilly  Castle  ? 

The  extent  of  this  fortress  when  in  its  glory  it  is  now  hard  to  ascertain  ;  but  it  is  believed 
that  the  walled  castle,  with  its  projecting  earthworks  and  redoubts,  covered  not  less  than 
thirty  acres  of  ground.  Lewis  has  described  the  castle  as  follows  : — "  The  buildings  in  the 
several  courts,  together  with  a  spacious  area,  were  enclosed  within  a  lofty  outer  wall  of  great 
thickness,  defended  by  square  towers  at  intervals,  between  which  a  communication  was  kept 
up  by  an  embattled  corridor.  In  the  outer  court  were  the  barrack  for  the  garrison,  and  from 
it  was  an  entrance  through  a  magnificent  gateway  flanked  by  two  massive  hexagonal  towers, 
leading  by  a  drawbridge  over  the  moat  into  an  inner  ward,  from  which  was  an  eastern 
entrance  into  the  extensive  court  that  contained  the  state  apartments,  by  a  massive  gateway, 
strongly  defended  with  portcullises,  of  which  the  grooves  are  still  remaining :  the  western 
entrance  to  this  court  was  also  over  a  drawbridge,  through  a  splendid  arched  gateway, 
defended  by  two  circular  bastions  of  vast  dimensions.  The  court  in  which  were  the  superb 
ranges  of  state  apartments  is  seventy  yards  in  length  and  forty  in  width,  enclosed  on  the 
north  side  by  a  lofty  wall  strengthened  with  buttresses,  and  in  the  intervals  pierced  wiili 
loopholes  for  the  discharge  of  missiles,  and  on  the  other  sides  by  the  buildings  and  the 
towers  which  guarded  the  entrances.  The  great  hall,  on  the  south  side  of  the  quadrangle,  is 
in  a  state  of  tolerable  preservation,  and  retains  several  vestiges  of  its  ancient  grandeur.  This 
noble  apartment  was  seventy  feet  in  length,  thirty  feet  wide,  and  seventeen  feet  high,  and 
was  lighted  by  four  lofty  windows  of  beautiful  design,  on  which  the  ogee-headed  arches-, 
richly  ornamented  with  fruit  and  foliage,  are  finely  wrought  in  the  Decorated  style.  Between 
the  two  central  windows  are  the  remains  of  a  large  fireplace,  of  which  the  mantel  is  highly 
embellished  in  beautiful  and  elegant  detail:  on  the  walls  are  clusters  of  triple  circular 
pilasters,  resting  upon  ornamented  corbels  at  the  height  of  twelve  feet  from  the  floor,  and 
rising  to  the  height  of  four  feet,  for  the  support  of  the  roof,  which  appears  to  have  been 
vaulted.  The  suite  comprises  various  other  apartments  of  different  dimensions,  and  of 
corresponding  elegance,  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  of  preservation.  Near  the  south-east 
angle  of  the  central  building  is  the  armory,  a  circular  tower  of  no  great  elevation  ;  and 


53«  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

almost  adjoining  is  the  Meaning  tower.'  This  tower,  already  referred  to  above,  and 
pictured  in  the  engraving,  is  eleven  feet  out  of  the  perpendicular,  and  is  seventy  feet  in 
height.  Near  the  armory  is  a  spacious  corridor,  above  one  hundred  feet  in  length,  in  the 
wall  of  the  inner  enclosure,  communicating  with  the  several  apartments,  and  with  the  guards 
who  were  stationed  in  the  embattled  towers  which  protected  the  walls."  The  position  of 
the  stables,  and  yards  for  horse  exercise,  &c.,  is  ascertainable ;  showing  provision  for  men-at- 
arms  and  garrison  forces,  storing  places  for  material,  &c.,  on  a  scale  unequalled,  it  is 
believed,  in  any  feudal  castle  in  the  kingdom. 

As  might  be  expected,  Caerphilly  Castle  at  one  time  occupied  a  large  space  in  the 
popular  imagination ;  tales  respecting  the  exploits  of  its  besiegers  and  defenders  were 
numerous  ;  even  to  this  day  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  apparitions  of  the  mailed  and  fierce 
De  Clares  and  Despencers  are  not  occasionally  seen  flitting  among  its  broken  and  gloomy 
ramparts.  The  wholesale  spoliation  and  cruelty  practised  by  the  latter  family  towards  the 
inhabitants  burnt  deep  into  the  native  mind.  Whenever  a  man's  lands  were  cleared  of  cattle, 
or  his  house  of  goods,  it  was  known  that  Despencer  had  been  at  work.  Hence  arose  the 
popular  saying  (which  to  this  day  plays  on  the  lips  of  the  peasantry),  when  anything  was 
hopelessly  lost,  "It's  gone  to  Caerphilly;"  and  when  an  excited  temper  bade  its  object  depart 
to  the  worst  and  hottest  of  places,  the  volition  went  forth  in  the  energetic  words,  "  Go  to 
Caerphilly  !  "  This  saying  is  old,  for  we  find  it  in  the  works  of  the  bard  Dafydd  ap  Gwilym, 
circa  A.D.  1380,  the  period  cf  the  later  Despencers,— 

A  gen  y  gwr  gan  ei  gi,  a'i  gorff  el  i  Gaerffili  ! 

"Let  his  soul  pass  into  his  dog,  and  his  body  go  to  Caerphilly  ! '" 

p 

When  Caerphilly  Castle  was  in  its  prime,  and  Castell  Coch  and  Llantrisant  co-operating 
with  it  to  protect  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan,  and  its  heart  the  castle  of  Caerdyf  against  the 
free  children  of  the  mountains,  there  existed  in  the  Valley  of  Rhondda  Fach,  not  far  off,  an 
important  monkish  establishment,  of  which,  at  present,  not  a  single  trace  is  discoverable — 
the  Monastery  of  Penrhys.  Dugdale  says  nothing  of  it ;  Bishop  Tanner  does  not  name  it ; 
but  here  and  there  in  the  Welsh  records,  in  the  songs  of  the  bards,  and  allusive  expressions 
of  annalists,  it  often  occurs.  The  "  Holy  Well,"  near  its  site,  still  pours  forth  its  pellucid 
waters, — full  of  virtue,  it  used  to  be  believed,  to  cure  the  ailments  of  pilgrims.  According  to 
Mr.  Llewelin,  who  personally  inspected  the  place  {Cambrian  Journal,  1862),  "the  spring, 
which  is  entered  by  stone  steps,  is  arched  over,  and  at  the  back,  above  the  spring,  there 
stands  a  niche,  in  which  it  is  evident  that  there  stood  originally,  an  image  of  the  Virgin,  to 
whom  the  monastery  was  dedicated."  He  adds,  "When  I  visited  Pen  Rhys  about  twenty 
years  ago,  some  portions  of  the  monastery  existed,  though  incorporated  with  modern 
erections,  and  difficult  to  identify.  The  present  farmhouse  of  Pen  Rhys  has  been  erected 
on  the  site  of  the  ancient  monastery.  .  .  .  The  barn,  which  stands  in  a  field  near  the 
house,  called  to  this  day  '  Y  Fynwant,'  or  the  churchyard,  was  formed,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  out  of  portions  of  the  ancient  monastic  buildings ;  one  of  the  windows,  and  parts  of 
the  old  walls  of  which  were,  at  that  period,  very  clearly  discernible." 

Since  that  time,  however,  a  new  spirit  has  entered  the  Rhondda  Valley,  which  cannot 
afford  room  for  other  rubbish  than  its  own.  Deep  pits,  tall  chimneys,  whistling  engines, 
long-drawn-out  villages,  with  teeming  multitudes  of  men,  women,  and  children,  white  by 


ANTIQUITIES— CARDIFF  CASTLE.  539 

nature  but  black  from  coal,  are  now  the  visible  objects;  and  it  is  hard  to  believe  that  this  vale 
was  once  the  gem  of  Glamorgan  for  its  lovely  scenery,  and  the  calm  and  silent  home  of 
drowsy,  bead-counting  monks — who,  however,  for  the  times,  were  not  without  their  use. 

The  monastery  of  Pen  Rhys  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  Robert,  Earl  of 
Gloucester,  the  successor  of  Fitzhamon  as  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  and  grandson,  on  his  mother's 
side,  of  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr;  and  tradition  says  that  it  was  built  as  a  memorial  of  that  celebrated 
prince,  who  is  held  by  many  to  have  fallen  in  this  neighbourhood,  and  not,  as  is  more  probable, 
near  Brecon  (see  p.  67).  In  the  "lolo  MSS."  it  is  said  that  on  the  spot  where  Prince  Rhys 
was  beheaded,  "  at  a  place  called  Pen  Rhys,  was  afterwards  erected  the  great  monastery  of 
that  name  in  the  parish  of  Ystrad-dyfodwg ;  "  and  over  his  grave  "  was  raised  a  large  tumulus 
near  the  monastery,  which  is  called  Bryn  y  Beddau,  i.  e.,  the  hill  (or  tumulus)  of  graves." 
The  same  allusion  to  the  monastery  is  found  in  Rees  Meyrick's  Morgani/z  Arctuzographie, 
1578.  In  the  lolo  MSS.  it  is  recorded,  "After  the  insurrection  of  Owain  Glyndwr  had 
come  to  an  end,  the  monastery  of  Pen  Rhys  was  suppressed,  and  its  possessions  sold  by 
Henry  V.,  about  the  year  of  Christ  1415,  for  the  favour  it  had  shown  to  Owain  and  his  party." 
This  partisanship  had  been  discovered  in  the  fact  that  a  meeting  of  bards,  held  at  the 
monastery,  had  been  presided  over  by  Owain  Glyndwr  during  his  raid  into  Glamorgan 
(A.D.  1402).  That  this  meeting  had  taken  place  is  a  fact  borne  out  by  other  evidence,  for  in 
Dr.  John  David  Rhys's  learned  grammar,  Cambro-Brit.  Cymracceve  Ling.  Inst.,  1592,  we  find 
an  ode  to  Wyrif  Fair  Wenn  o  Ben  Rhys  (Mary,  the  Fair  Virgin  of  Pen  Rhys),  which  was 
delivered  at  the  congress  by  the  bard  Gwylim  Ttw. 

Morlais  Castle,  near  Merthyr  Tydfil,  is  a  ruin  of  whose  history  very  little  is  really  known. 
Planted  on  an  eminence  above  the  lesser  Taff,  it  was  evidently  intended  to  guard  the  narrow 
valley  against  the  enemy.  But  whether  the  enemy  first  provided  against  was  Briton  or 
Norman  it  is  hard  to  say.  On  two  sides  it  is  made  proof  against  assault  by  the  deep  escarp- 
ment of  the  valley,  and  on  the  remaining  sides  by  a  deep  excavation  in  the  rocks.  In  form 
it  is  an  irregular  pentagon.  Part  of  the  ruins  are  Gothic,  which  would  suggest  a  Norman,  or 
at  least  not  pre-Norman  origin. 

Cardiff  Castle,  which  comes  last  in  our  way  to  describe,  was  the  cynosure  of  all  the 
other  strongholds  of  Norman  Glamorganshire,  as,  through  the  development  of  new  circum- 
stances and  industries,  it  has  come  to  be  a  centre  of  mighty  influence  of  a  different  kind  in 
our  own  day.  At  the  mouth  of  the  river  Dyf,  now  called  Taff  (from  the  same  Celtic  root 
with  Taf,  Teivi,  Dovey,  Tafwys,  Thames'),  the  British  princes  of  Morganwg  had  long  planted 
their  chief  residence.  Its  site  appears  to  have  been  the  very  mound  on  which  the  ancient 
keep  of  Cardiff  Castle  now  stands  (see  p.  462).  Morgan,  and  Gwrgant,  and  lestyn,  the  son 
of  Gwrgant,  had  here  their  castle ;  and  Robert  Fitzhamon,  when  he  crushed  the  last-named 
ruler,  appropriated  the  residence  as  well  as  the  territory  to  his  own  use.  The  castle  lies 
conveniently  in  the  mid-distance  between  the  champaign  country  stretching  westward  as  far 
as  Margam,  and  eastward  as  far  as  and  beyond  the  Usk.  It  has  never  been  doubted  that  on 
this  spot  the  Norman  pitched  his  tent,  and  that  on  this  spot  his  successors  continued  their 
state  and  riot  for  four  hundred  years. 

The  Britons,  even  after  the  Roman  occupation,  had  not  developed  that  type  of  civilization 
which  creates  large  towns,  a  circumstance  which  scarcely  of  itself  speaks  to  their  disadvantage  ; 


540  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

for  it  is  hard  to  see  any  great  superiority  in  the  "  civilization  "  of  such  modern  creations  as 
the  Seven  Dials,  or  the  crowded  districts  of  the  "  Black  Country."  At  Caer-dyf,  when  lestyn 
ruled,  and  when  the  Normans  conquered  Glamorgan,  there  was  no  "town."  The  "Caer" 
first,  the  castle  afterwards,  was  the  only  paramount  interest  existing,  all  the  other  atoms  of 
mill,  church,  monastery,  smithy,  armory,  gathered  around  it  to  draw  for  themselves  succour 
and  life.  After  several  generations  of  Norman  settlement,  the  dues  payable  to  the  Lord  of 
Glamorgan  from  the  town  ("  burgus '')  of  Cardiff  were  not  half  the  amount  payable  by  the 
"mill."  This  is  shown  by  the  Extenta  de  Kairdiif  returned,  temp.  Henry  III.,  or  about 
A.D.  1262,  already  partly  quoted  (see  p.  498,  &c.).  Of  course  the  lord  of  the  land  at  the 
castellum  paid  himself  no  taxes ;  he  felt  it  hard  enough  to  have  the  trouble  to  receive,  and  to 
receive  so  little.  He  was  responsible  in  life  and  service  to  his  "  sovereign  lord,  the  King  " 
(souzerain,  souverain  ;  Lat,  superus\  and  for  the  land  he  was  to  no  other  power  responsible — 
a  state  of  things  to  which  the  whole  "  land  question  "  in  England  must  by  and  by  refer  itself 
in  order  to  encompass  itself  with  light.  The  dues  from  "  Kairdiif"  in  1262  were  as  follows, 
as  testified  on  oath  by  Robertus  Upedyke,  Stephanus  Bagedrip,  Richardus  Lude,  and  nine 
other  jurors  :— 

Redditus  burgi  est  [town  return] xx"-  iiij"'  viij*- 

Et  Molendina  valent  [mills,  do.] xlvi     o        o 

Et  de  prisa  cervisie  [prisage  on  beer — Czvrta]         ....  xiiij      o        o 

Et  de  piscaria  [fishing]          ........  viii      o        o 

Et  de  theloneo  mercati  [market  toll]     .         .         .         .                   .  iiij      o        o 

Other  miscellaneous  but  trifling  charges  follow,  making  a  total  of  fourteen  times  twenty, 
and  sixteen  pounds  sixteen  pence,  or  £96  is.  4d.,  which  only  slightly  more  than  doubles  the 
mill  dues  alone.  Where  the  "  mills  "  were  situated,  or  how  many  existed,  it  is  of  course 
impossible  to  say.  There  were  more  than  one,  and  probably  they  were  all  on  the 
river  side. 

The  earlier  castle  of  Caer-dyf  was  doubtless  strengthened  and  enlarged,  if  not  entirely 
rebuilt,  by  Robert  Fitzhamon,  for  it  is  not  conceivable  that  the  requirements  of  a  Norman 
feudal  fortress  could  be  met  by  the  simple  Llys,  or  fortified  palace,  and  Caer  of  a  British 
chief.  Fitzhamon  also  surrounded  the  town  with  walls.  He  died  1102,  and  was  buried  at 
Tewkesbury.  The  castle  whose  remains  still  partially  continue  in  the  "  ancient  keep,"  is 
believed  to  have  been  chiefly  if  not  wholly  built  by  his  successor  and  son-in-law,  Robert  of 
Gloucester,  natural  son  of  Henry  I.  He  died  1147,  and  was  succeeded  as  Earl  of  Gloucester 
and  Lord  of  Glamorgan  by  his  son  William.  The  surprise  and  capture  of  the  castle  by 
Ivor  Bach,  the  Lord  of  Castell  Coch,  related  by  Giraldus,  who  visited  Caerdyf  in  1188,  took 
place  in  his  time  (see  p.  501).  The  castle  was  then  "  surrounded  with  high  walls,  guarded  by 
one  hundred  and  twenty  men-at-arms,  a  numerous  body  of  archers,  and  a  strong  watch,  and 
the  city  contained  many  stipendiary  soldiers."  (Itin.,  6.)  The  name  of  the  town  at  this 
early  time  was  "  Caer-^/,"  of  which  the  modern  English  Cardiff  is  a  better  representative 
than  the  modern  Welsh  CaeM^vzW1.  So  was  the  Norm.-Latin  Kair-dYz/of  the  Extenta  above 
quoted.  In  fact  Cnzr-dydd  is  nothing  better  than  a  lapsus  peniice  which  crept  into  the  Brut ; 
and  its  derivation  from  Aulus  Z^V/ius,  the  Roman  general,  is  a  pedantic  makeshift.  The 
name  is  taken  from  the  river  on  which  the  "  Caer"  stood. 

For  several   generations,    as   the  De  Clares,    Despencers,   Beauchamps,    and   Nevilles 


ANTIQUITIES— CARDIFF  CASTLE.  541 

succeeded  each  other  as  Lords  of  Glamorgan — taking,  however,  a  far  more  prominent  part 
in  English  than  in  Welsh  affairs,  and  ruling  with  a  sway  more  cruel  than  facile  over 
Glamorgan, — we  hear  little  of  the  castle  of  Cardiff  as  such.  The  estates  which,  after  many 
changes,  confiscations,  restorations,  and  sales,  remained  to  the  lords  of  this  castle,  came  at  last 
by  purchase  from  Edward  VI.  to  the  Herberts,  and  by  marriage,  in  1766,  of  John  Stuart, 
Earl,  and  afterwards  Marquess  of  Bute,  with  the  heiress  of  the  Herberts,  to  the  line  of  Bute. 
(See  Bute,  Marquess  of.) 

The  present  residential  castle  of  Cardiff  was  built  by  the  first  Marquess  of  Bute  on  part 
of  the  site  of  the  ancient  fortress.  Of  the  latter  scarcely  anything  remains  except  the  "keep" 
illustrated  on  p.  462,  and  the  Curthose  Tower,  sometimes  called  the  "Black  Tower,"  standing 
on  the  left,  close  to  the  chief  entrance  from  the  town,  and  celebrated  chiefly  for  having  been 
the  place  of  confinement,  for  the  space  of  twenty-six  or  twenty-eight  years,  of  Robert 
Curthose,  Duke  of  Normandy,  detained  here  by  his  brother,  Henry  I. 


I!  •:   •) 

THE  CURTHOSE  TOWER,  CARDIFF  CASTLE. 

Robert  had  doubtless  given  both  Rufus  and  Henry  a  good  deal  of  trouble  both  in 
Normandy  and  England,  but  no  small  part  of  their  anxiety  concerning  him  arose  from  the 
fact  that  as  eldest  son  of  the  Conqueror  he,  by  right  of  succession,  was  entitled  to  the  throne 
of  England.  He  fell  into  Henry's  hands  while  drawing  the  sword  to  do  battle  for  that 
throne.  That  his  confinement,  however,  in  Cardiff  Castle  until  death,  A.D.  1134,  released 
him,  was  of  the  severe  and  cruel  character  generally  represented,  and  that  he  had  been 
deprived  of  his  eyesight  by  command  of  Henry,  are  things  by  no  means  worthy  of  implicit 
credit.  The  story  of  the  blinding  by  means  of  "  a  hot  brass  basin  being  held  so  near  his 
face  that  the  humours  of  the  eyes  thereby  dried  up,"  though  related  by  Matthew  Paris  and  in 
Caradoc's  Brut,  implies  a  brutality  not  quite  in  keeping  with  the  indulgence  generally 
granted  him.  William  of  Malmesbury,  usually  accurate,  tells  us  that  his  imprisonment  was 
made  as  easy  as  possible,  and  that  he  was  supplied  with  an  elegant  table,  buffoons  to  divert 
him,  &c.  True,  indulgences  of  this  kind  might  be  granted  to  a  blind  man  ;  but  there  is  a 
strange-  silence  about  this  blinding  where  it  might  be  expected  to  be  mentioned.  After 


542  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Robert  had  been  confined  about  thirteen  years,  Lewis  of  France,  suzerain  of  Normandy, 
brought  a  complaint  before  the  Pope,  A.D.  1119,  respecting  Henry's  imprisonment  and  hard 
treatment  of  Robert,  stating  that  he  "  treated  him  contrary  to  all  right  and  reason,"  and  "  in 
a  most  scandalous  manner  made  him  prisoner  and  detained  him  in  a  long  captivity  ;"  but  of 
putting  out  his  eyes  nothing  is  said.  (See  Ord,  Vitalis,  xii.,  21.) 

In  the  same  year  Henry,  in  a  conference  with  Calixtus,  defends  himself  thus  : — "  I  laid 
siege  to  Tinchebrai  [in  Normandy],  the  real  cavern  of  demons,  where  William,  Count  de 
Mortain,  brought  my  brother  against  me  with  a  great  army,  and  I  fought  against  it  on  the 
Starved  Field  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  and  for  the  defence  of  my  country  ;  there  by  the  aid 
of  God,  who  knew  the  purity  of  my  intentions,  I  conquered  my  enemies,  making  prisoners  of 
both  the  count  my  brother,  and  his  cousin,  with  many  traitors,  and  I  have  detained  them  in 
close  custody  to  the  present  day  for  fear  of  their  causing  some  disturbance  to  me  and  my 
kingdom.  As  for  my  brother,  I  have  not  caused  him  to  be  bound  in  fetters  like  a  captive 
enemy,  but  treating  him  like  a  noble  pilgrim  worn  with  long  sufferings,  I  have  placed  him  in 
a  royal  castle,  and  supplied  his  table  and  wardrobe  with  all  kinds  of  luxuries  and  delicacies  in 
great  abundance.''  (Ibid.,  24.)  Could  he  thus  ignore  the  cruel  act  of  blinding  if  it  had  been 
done  ?  It  is  true  that  Robert,  after  this,  continued  nearly  fourteen  years  a  prisoner,  and 
might  in  that  space  of  time  be  subjected  to  worse  treatment;  and  Henry's  affectation  of 
leniency,  like  his  affectation  of  piety,  may  reasonably  be  taken  with  distrust ;  but  Robert's 
age  at  this  time — for  he  was  nearly  eighty  years  old  when  he  died  in  1134 — would  both  have 
made  him  a  quiet  prisoner,  and  inclined  his  brother  to  refrain  from  wreaking  upon  him 
unnecessary  barbarities.  But  that  Robert  of  Normandy  was  a  prisoner  in  the  Curthose 
Tower  until  he  died  is  as  well  substantiated  as  any  other  historical  fact. 

In  A.D.  1402,  "the  irregular  and  wild  Glyndwr"  came  with  fire  and  sword  to  Glamorgan- 
shire, burnt  the  bishop's  palace,  and  the  archdeacon's  residence  at  Llandaff,  then  attacked 
and  burnt  Cardiff,  with  its  castle  and  "  religious  houses,"  and  proceeded  to  deal  the  same 
measure  to  the  castle  of  Humfreville  at  Penmark,  which  he  finally  cast  to  the  ground.  He 
also  in  this  incursion  devastated  the  castles  of  Penlline,  Landough,  Flemingston,  Dunraven, 
Talyvan,  Llanblethian,  Malefant,  &c. 

In  the  Civil  War,  Cardiff,  like  many  other  towns  in  Wales,  zealously  espoused  the  cause 
of  Charles  I.,  and  Cromwell  was  brought  upon  the  scene.  The  castle  was  "  bombarded  from 
an  entrenchment  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  west  of  the  town,  and  a  cannonade  was 
kept  up  for  three  days ;  the  castle  offered  a  stubborn  resistance,  but  was  afterwards  taken 
through  the  treachery  of  a  deserter,  who  in  the  night  conducted  a  party  of  the  besiegers 
through  a  subterranean  passage  under  the  Taafe  into  the  castle."  (Cardiff  Guide,  1829.) 
Of  course,  Cromwell  profited  from  the  deed  and  took  the  castle ;  but,  suo  more,  immediately 
commanded  the  traitor  to  be  hanged.  In  1642  the  Marquis  of  Hertford  surprised  the 
castle,  "  having  crossed  over  from  Minehead  with  a  few  royalists ;  but  it  was  shortly  after- 
wards retaken  by  the  Cromwellians "  (ibid.}.  In  1647,  Colonel  Prichard,  the  governor, 
refused  to  surrender  the  castle  to  Major-General  Henry  Stradling,  the  commander  of  the 
Royalists. 

In  the  Duke  of  Beaufort's  Progress  (1684)  we  find  the  following  notes  on  the  castle: — 
"  The  castle  of  Cardiff  hath  in  it  the  coat  armors  of  the  twelve  knights  belonging  to  Robert 


ANTIQUITIES  OF  CARDIFF,   ETC.  543 

Fitz  Hamon,  who  gained  the  dominion  of  the  shire  of  Glamorgan  from  Justin  ap  Gwrgan  in 
the  reign  of  William  Rufus,  where  he  kept  his  court  monthly,  and  used  therein  jura  regalia, 
having  his  twelve  knights  to  attend  him,  .  .  .  they  having  their  severall  lodgings  and 
apartments  given  them,  and  their  heires  for  ever  within  the  castle." 

"  Castle  Hall.  The  chimney-piece  is  formed  of  the  shields  and  coat  armour  of  the  said 
Robert  Fitz  Hamon  and  of  his  twelve  knights  about  it." 

"  The  Black  Tower  thereof  is  famous  for  the  imprisonment  of  Robert  of  Gloucester  [?],  who 
remained  there  for  the  space  of  twenty-eight  years,  and  had  his  eyes  put  out." 

Seal  of  the  Corporation  of  Cardiff.  "1  have  scratched  off  the  Common  Seal  of  Cardiff, 
which  was  affixed  to  a  Deed  of  Surrender  of  the  Ancient  Charter  of  this  town  to  his  Majesty, 
and  which  this  community  most  humbly  desired  his  Grace,  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  to  deliver 
up  accordingly.  The  form  of  which  seal,  as  it  appears  to  me  (and  I  have  exhibited  [in 
engraving  on  margin]  from  a  bare  impression  in  soft  wax  received  from  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Jeyne  since  the  Progress),  is,  as  to  the  circumscription, — s.  COMMUNE  DE  KERDIF. 
As  arms,  I  guess  it  to  be — The  field  .  .  .  [not  filled]  two  lyoncels  rampand  combatant, 
.  .  .  . ;  upon  a  rock  in  base  .  .  . ;  a  chief,  .  .  .  with  an  Inescocheon  of  the 
ensigns  armorial  of  .  .  .  ." 

Caerdiff  Church  is  fair.  "  Adjoining  to  the  north  wall  of  the  east  end  of  the  north  aisle  is 
seen  the  chiefest  monument  (almost  gone  to  decay  by  the  injury  of  time,  and  by  neglect)  of 
two  brothers,  Herbert.  John  Herbert,  who  was  principall  secretary  to  Queen  Elizabeth  and 
King  James,  having  had  the  honour  of  being  employed  in  severall  foreign  embassies,  viz.,  to 
Denmark,  Poland,  Holland,  and  France,  &c.  Sir  William  Herbert  of  Swansey,  Knight,  at 
whose  quondam  house  there  his  Grace  was  enterteined  in  his  Progress." 

The  Priories  of  Cardiff. — In  olden  Cardiff  there  were  "  severall  religious  houses,"  which 
met  with  severe  treatment  from  "  the  rude  hands  of  that  Welshman,"  as  Shakspeare  has  it, 
Owen  Glyndwr.  Bishop  Tanner  (Not.  Man.}  describes  them  as  "[i]  a  goodly  priory, 
founded  by  Robert,  first  Earl  of  Gloucester;  [2]  a  priory  of  black  monks,  or  Benedictines; 
[3]  a  house  of  black  friars  in  Crockerton  Street ;  [4]  a  house  of  grey  friars,  dedicated  to 
Saint  Francis,  under  the  custody  or  wardship  of  Bristol ;  and  also  [5]  a  house  of  white 
friars."  None  of  these  orders  experienced  any  favour  from  our  hero  except  the  Franciscans 
in  "  Crockerton  Street."  They,  being  firm  adherents  to  the  late  King  Richard,  Owain's 
friend,  were  carefully  protected,  and  Crockerton  Street  (now  "  Crockherbtown  ")  was  not 
burnt.  Leland  says  that  Owain  Glyndwr  "  spared  the  Friars  Minors,  on  account  of  the  love 
he  bare  them,"  but  he  "  afterwards  took  the  castle  and  destroyed  it,  carrying  away  a  large 
quantity  of  treasure  which  he  found  therein ;  and  when  the  Friars  Minors  besought  him  to 
return  them  their  books  and  chalices  which  they  had  lodged  in  the  castle,  he  replied, 
'  Wherefore  did  3  ou  place  your  goods  in  the  castle  ?  If  you  had  kept  them  in  your  convent, 
they  would  have  been  safe ' "  (Collect.,  i.,  389).  There  still  remains  on  the  side  of  Crockherb- 
town towards  the  castle  ground  a  portion  of  this  old  priory  of  the  Franciscans,  carefully 
protected  by  the  friendly  ivy;  and  this  is  probably  the  only  visible  memorial  existing  of  all 
these  "  religious  houses." 

The  Roman  camp  on  "  Bryn  y  Gynnen,"  near  Neath,  is  remarkable  more  for  the  memorial 


544  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

contained  in  the  name  than  for  the  remains  surviving — Bryn  y  Gynnen  meaning  "  the  hill  of 
contention."  But  as  the  camp  was  probably  used  during  disturbances  long  subse'quent  to  the 
Roman  age,  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  designation  is  comparatively  recent. 

The  stone  called  Mam  Llythyrog,  on  the  hill  near  Margam,  contained,  as  mentioned  in 
Camden,  a  rather  doubtful  inscription,  but  conjectured  to  read,  BODVOCUS  Hie  JACIT  FILIUS 
CATOTIS,  IRNI  PRONESSOS,  ETERNALIVE  DOMAN  (i.  e.,  "  eternal!  in  domo  ''). 

The  age  of  the  stone  in  the  parish  of  Cadoxton,  near  Neath,  considered  by  Edward 
Lhwyd  as  remarkable,  is  not  known.  Its  name  of  Maen  dau  lygad yr  Ych  is  from  two  cavities 
in  its  surface  once  serving  as  mortices  to  hold  upright  pillars,  one  of  which,  not  long  removed, 
was  found  at  a  gate  by  the  road-side.  It  bore  the  inscription,  MARCI  (or  Memorite)  CARITINI, 
FILII  BERICI  (or  Bericii).  See  GongKs  Camden. 

The  cross  on  Mynydd  Gelli-Onnen,  Llangyfelach,  described  by  Edward  Lhwyd  in  Camden, 
is  probably  early.  It  was  a  flat  stone,  three  inches  thick,  two  feet  broad  at  bottom,  and 
about  five  feet  high,  with  rounded  top,  "  formed  round  like  a  wheel,"  and  adorned  with  "  a 
kind  of  flourish  or  knotted  work,"  with  a  man's  face  and  hands  on  each  side  further  down, 
and  at  the  bottom  "  two  feet  as  rude  and  ill-proportioned  as  the  hands  and  face." 

We  must  probably  consider  as  pre-historic  or  "  Druidic  "  the  circle,  mentioned  also  by 
Lhwyd  in  Camden  on  "  Cam  Llechart "  hill.  It  is  described  as  "  above  seventeen  or  eighteen 
yards  in  diameter,  the  highest  stone  then  standing  not  above  one  yard  high."  In  the  centre 
of  the  area  was  a  Kistvaen  about  five  feet  long  by  four  wide,  the  top  stone  fallen. 

Modern  Cardiff — with  which  this  work  has  little  concern,  except  as  it  regards  some  of 
its  chief  families— may  be  summed  under  three  heads, — the  castle,  the  port,  and  an  energetic 
municipal  government.  The  increase  of  the  town  has  been  remarkably  rapid  (see  p.  461) ; 
but  it  has  too  many  of  the  features  of  a  place  marred  morally  by  a  seafaring  and  foreign 
intrusion  and  a  rank  licentiousness.  In  the  suddenness  of  its  rise  it  has  been  subject  to  a 
disproportionate  growth,  but  the  law  of  a  healthy  community  is  asserting  itself;  intelligence 
and  Christian  culture  are  nourishing  the  youthful  blood  of  a  vigorous  and  orderly  city,  by 
and  by  to  appear  as  distinguished  for  its  moral  tone  as  for  its  trade,  wealth,  and  populousness. 


SECTION   V.-INDUSTRY,   CONDITION   OF  SOCIETY,  AND   CRIME  IN 

GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Glamorganshire,  .beyond  all  other  counties  in  the  United  Kingdom,  Lancashire  itself  not 
excepted,  is  distinguished  for  the  fewness  and  at  the  same  time  stupendousness  of  its  staple 
industries.  They  are  three  or  four  only  in  number,  and  all  relate  to  minerals  and  metals. 
The  copper  mart  for  all  the  world  is  at  Swansea ;  Merthyr,  Dowlais,  and  surrounding  places 
dig,  melt,  and  work  iron  for  all  lands  ;  as  for  coal,  it  has  been  already  shown  that  nearly  600 
square  miles  of  the  county  belong  to  the  coal  measures,  and  these  are  being  drawn  upon  as 
fast  as  home  and  foreign  requirements  and  the  capabilities  of  miners  permit.  It  is  not  the 
province  of  such  a  work  as  the  present  to  enter  into  the  statistics  or  the  methods  of  metal- 


INDUSTRY— COPPER-SMELTING.  545 

lurgy  and  mining,  otherwise  in  Glamorganshire  a  tempting  field  would  be  found  open  ; 
general  references  have  been  made  to  the  development  of  the  vast  iron  and  coal  trade  of  the 
county  (see  section  Physical  Description),  and  it  only  remains  here  to  touch  upon  the  copper- 
smelting,  which,  being  nearly  peculiar  to  this  county,  possesses  a  more  distinctive  character. 

That  mystery  of  trade — its  tendency  to  group  and  concentrate  its  various  branches—which 
has  made  Manchester  the  centre  of  cotton,  and  Sheffield  the  workshop  of  cutlery,  has  made 
Swansea  the  home  of  copper-smelting.  The  local  supply  of  coal  had  something  to  do  with 
the  matter  in  all  these  cases,  but  it  was  not  the  only  reason  in  any  of  them,  for  the  coal  of 
Glamorganshire  might  have  told  for  cotton-mills  as  well  as  for  copper-working,  and  the  coal 
of  Lancashire  might  have  made  Liverpool  the  emporium  and  furnace  for  copper.  If  people 
knew  as  much  two  centuries  ago  as  is  known  at  present,  Milford  Haven  had  been  made  the 
port  for  cotton,  and  the  country  from  Pembroke  to  Glamorgan  would  have  by  this  time 
become  the  land  of  chimney-stacks  and  spindles. 

Copper-smelting. 

Copper-smelting  in  Swansea  and  Neath  had  its  origin  in  the  nearness  of  the  ports  to  the 
mines  of  Cornwall,  and  to  the  coal  supply  of  their  own  locality.  The  trade,  although  largely 
developed  within  the  present  century,  is  by  no  means  of  recent  beginning.  In  fact,  it  is 
entitled  to  be  considered  of  some  antiquity.  Col.  Grant-Francis,  F.S.A.,  has  industriously 
searched  out  the  "  rise  and  growth  "  of  the  trade,  and  has  embodied  the  account  in  an 
interesting  work  (privately  printed  1867)  called  The  Smelting  of  Copper  in  the  Swansea 
District,  from  whose  reliable  pages  we  gather  our  information.  The  real  cradle  of  the  trade 
was  Neath.  Copper  ore  was  worked  at  Treworth,  "near  Perin  Sandes,"  in  Cornwall,  in 
1583  by  a  company  whose  head-quarters  were  at  Fenchurch  Street,  London,  and  who  in  that 
year  erected  a  "  meltinge-house  at  Neath  in  Wales."  To  Neath  was  sent  in  1584,  from 
"  Keswicke,"  one  of  the  company's  "  copper  makers  with  an  under  melter  and  ye  Douch 
[Dutch]  carpenter  for  a  time  to  serve  and  ready  him  in  these  causes."  The  skilled  workmen 
first  employed  seem  to  have  been  Dutch  or  German,  the  overlooker  at  the  first  melting-place 
at  Neath  being  named  Ulricke  Frosse,  having  first  been  "  a  lovinge  servaunt  and  ov'seer  of 
y«  minerall  woorkes  at  Trewoorth." 

In  July,  1585,  after  things  had  long  gone  on  .very  slowly,  with  much  anxiety  and  many  pious 
committals  of  the  enterprise  to  the  care  of  Almighty  God,  Ulricke  Frosse  reports  some 
progress.  "  We  have  founde  out  a  waye  to  melte  24  c.  of  owre  everye  daye  with  one  furnas, 
the  Lord  be  thanked,  and  if  we  have  owre  anoughe  from  yo'r  side  [Cornwall]  we  maye  with 
God's  helpe  melte  w'th  tow  [two]  furnases  in  40  weekes  560  tons  of  owre."  October  4th 
following  "  came  John  Bwaple,  one  of  Wales,  with  his  bark  for  a  frayght  of  copper  owre,  and 
[we]  did  delyver  hem  the  21  of  October  15  ton  and  8  hundred  of  copp'  owre  for  Wales. 
The  15  October  came  one  Thorn's  Roberts  from  Wales  from  the  company,  with  a  fraight  of 
tymber  and  necessaryes  for  the  workes."  Still  in  1586  not  much  progress  had  been  made  in 
the  "  meltinge,"  for  Frosse  writes  to  his  superiors  in  London,  "  We  looke  dayly  for  the 
copper  refiner  from  Keswicke,  and  have  in  readir.es  as  much  copper  roste  and  blake  copper 
as  will  make  a  20  tonne  of  good  fine  copper.  We  have  done  nothing  all  this  winter  for  lake 
of  ewre.  We  are  able  to  melte  w'th  two  furnises  in  the  space  of  40  weekes  the  quantitie  of 
560  tonne  of  ewre  if  wee  might  have  it,  and  if  the  ewre  be  clean  and  well  sorted  the  mor 


546  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

copper  it  will  yield.  ...  If  lake  of  ewre  hath  not  been  [poor  Frosse's  English  is  not 
yet  perfect]  wee  might  have  hath  by  this  time  about  40  tonne  of  copper,  which  must  be  for 
seene  hereafter,  o'r  els  it  wilbe  long  befor  they  parteners  will  com  to  their  owne  againe." 

Thus  slowly  we  feel  our  way  at  first,  dealing  out  expenses  rather  cautiously,  and  bearing 
with  honest  Dutch  Ulricke's  remonstrances  about  "  lake  of  ewre,"  &c.  One  of  our  chief  men, 
Mr.  Carnsewe,  knows  the  value  of  "  frynde  Ulryke,"  and  believes  Cornish  miners  as  good  as 
Dutch  any  day.  "  Mr.  Weston's  p'vydence  in  bryngynge  hys  Dutche  myners  hether  to  aplye 
such  busynys  in  this  countrye  ys  more  to  be  comended  than  his  ignorance  of  o'r  country- 
men's actyvytyes  in  such  matters,  who  owte  of  all  p'adventure  to  be  skylfull  in  mynynge,  as 
harde  and  dylygent  laborers  and  as  good  chepe  workmen  in  that  kynde  of  travell  as  are  to  be 
founde  in  Europe ;  whereof  to  make  yow  good  p'ffe  lett  the  same  Mr.  Weston's  Germans  have 
some  myn  assignyd  only  to  them,  and  lett  yo'r  Ulryke  take  suche  as  he  is  now  acquayntyd 
w'th  of  our  countrymen,  .  .  .  and  let  it  be  consyderyd  w'che  of  them  for  on  hole  somer's 
space  shall  put  yow  to  moste  charges,  and  gayne  yow  moste,  and  soo  of  them  that  doo  lesse 
yow  shall  make  yo'r  estymacyon  by  p'ffe."  Our  Ulricke  Frossehas  already  made  a  discovery 
in  melting,  and  he  is  afraid  "  of  no  ewre  soever,"  but  he  will  "  overcom  it."  Bad,  hard  "  ewre 
from  St.  Youste  [Just]  has  come  to  hand,"  and  "  put  us  to  harteshifte  for  melting  it,  but  a 
metchen  wee  have  found  out  by  change "  has  helped  us,  and  "  I  thank  God,"  says  our 
Ulricke,  "  wee  are  able  to  master  it  well  innough.  God  send  us  anough  of  it,  for  the  metchen 
we  have  for  it  doth  not  only  healp  to  melt  it  easye,  but  also  to  melt  it  speedelye  and  with 
small  fewle,  and  bringes  out  all  that  is  in  it.  ...  God  send  the  mynes  to  prospere  and 
to  mak  good  greement  amongst  the  parteners  in  setting  the  work  forward,  whereby  they  may 
have  p'fitt,  and  the  comon  wealt  may  be  maintained  to  God's  honner."  Our  "  lovinge  servaunt 
Ulricke  "  has  also  found,  or  has  learnt,  that  a  variety  of  ores  mixed  together  will  melt  more 
easily  than  one  by  itself.  "  Send  such  owre  as  you  have — sende  of  all  sorts;  the  better  it  will 
melte,  and  w'th  more  profit."  This  practice  is  still  found  the  best. 

Our  Company,  "  The  Mines  Royal  Society,"  had  obtained  its  charter  from  Queen  Elizabeth 
in  1581,  and  consisted  of  several  noblemen  and  others,  such  as  the  Lord  Treasurer,  the  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  the  Lord  Montjoy,  Alderman  Ducket,  Customer  Smyth, 
Alderman  Gamage,  George  Needham,  &c. ;  and  extended  their  operations  from  Cornwall  to 
Cumberland  and  Wales.  The  first  patent  had  been  granted  as  early  as  1564  to  "Thomas 
Thurland,  Master  of  the  Savoy,  and  Daniell  Hogstetter,  a  Germain,  and  too  their  heyrs  and 
assignees," — an  instrument  of  some  length,  fully  set  forth  by  Col.  Francis,  with  others  that 
followed  in  its  train.  The  first  works  opened  at  Neath  (1684)  are  believed  to  have  been 
built  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  "  Mines  Royal  Works,"  near  the  Neath  Abbey 
railway  station.  Here  it  was  that  our  "  lovinge  frynde  Ulricke  Frosse  "  first  lit  up  his  furnace, 
and  fought  with  scanty  funds  and  "  harte  owres  "  [hard  ores]. 

Next  followed  the  operations  of  the  "  Mine  Adventurers "  and  "  The  Governor  and 
Company  of  Copper  Miners  in  England,"  the  former  headed  by  Sir  Humphrey  Mackworth, 
and  now  extinct,  the  latter  still  surviving.  Both  began  their  work  in  the  last  decade  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  Sir  Humphrey  Mackworth's  works  were  set  up  at  Melincrethyn,  a  mile 
from  Neath. 

The  copper-smelting  trade  began  near  Swansea  several  years  later.  Col.  Francis's 
subsequent  researches  have  made  out  that  in  a  case  of  law,  in  1734,  the  town  clerk  of 


INDUSTRY— COPPER-SMELTING,  ETC.  547 

Swansea  set  forth  that  in  the  year  1717  works  were  first  erected  upon  the  river  of  Swansea  for 
smelting  copper  and  lead  ores,  and  that  the  works  were  situated  above  the  town  and  about 
two  miles  beyond  the  corporation  boundary.  In  1720  another  work  was  erected  upon 
Swansea  river  within  the  limits  of  the  corporation.  The  works  erected  in  1717  were 
promoted  by  Dr.  Lane,  and  their  site  was  near  Glandwr,  now  corrupted  into  "  Landore,"  a 
word  belonging  to  no  language.  This  gentleman,  therefore,  was  the  pioneer  of  copper- 
smelting  at  Swansea ;  and  the  stability  and  growth  of  the  trade  in  that  neighbourhood  is  said 
to  be  greatly  due  to  the  intelligent  and  firm  management  of  Gabriel  Powell,  agent  of  the  then 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  owner  of  the  land. 

Thus  commenced  the  great  copper-works  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Swansea,  a  neighbour- 
hood which,  for  miles  round,  they  and  their  adjuncts  have  since  swallowed  up.  The 
Aberavan  or  Taibach  Works  followed  in  1727  ;  Forest  Works — Lockwood,  Morris,  and  Co., 
1827,  by  removal  from  Llangyfelach  ;  Penclawdd,  by  John  Vivian,  in  1800  ;  Loughor — Morris 
and  Rees,  1809;  the  great  Havod  Works — R.  H.  &  J.  H.  Vivian,  1810;  Morfa  Works — 
Williams,  Foster,  and  Co.,  1834  ;  Llansamlet  Works,  1866.  The  amount  of  copper  ore 
brought  into  Swansea,  smelted  and  wrought  into  various  forms  and  for  various  purposes,  and 
then  shipped  off  to  different  parts  of  the  world,  even  at  the  present  time,  despite  the  fluctua- 
tions in  the  trade,  must  be  enormous. 

The  bad  reputation  which  "  copper  smoke  "  has  earned  from  its  effect  upon  vegetation  is 
well  known,  although  its  effects  on  animal  life,  judging  from  the  constant  aggregation  of  that 
life  in  Swansea  and  its  district,  would  seem  to  be  highly  favourable.  Dr.  Percy,  in  his 
Metallurgy,  confirms  the  general  opinion  that "  the  sulphurous  and  choking  exhalations  of  the 
copper-works  are  an  unmistakable  nuisance,"  and  it  is  hard  to  believe  that  they  can  be 
conducive  to  health  in  man,  or  tree,  or  grass.  They  have  had  some  hand  in  transforming  the 
district  of  Havod,  "  the  summer  dwelling,"  which  a  poet  of  1737  apostrophized  thus  : — 

"  Delightful  Havod,  most  serene  abode  ! 
Thou  sweet  retreat,  fit  mansion  for  a  god  ! 
Dame  Nature  lavish  of  her  gifts  we  see, 
And  paradise  again  restored  in  thee  !  " 

into  a  region  at  least  several  degrees  removed  from  a  paradise,  a  region  by  which  Sketty  and 
the  Forest  do  not,  as  then,  "  own  themselves  outdone,"  and  to  which  "  Swansea  virgins  "  do 
not— 

"  Every  morn  repair 
To  range  the  fields  and  breathe  the  purer  air." 

But  chemical  science,  although  it  cannot  grow  trees  and  flowers  amid  the  fires,  smoke, 
dust,  and  rust  of  the  modern  Havod,  has  shown  how  the  deleterious  exhalation  of  the  copper- 
roasting  furnace  may  be  made  beneficial  to  vegetation.  Gerstenhofer,  the  German  chemist) 
recently  discovered  a  method  for  condensing  this  sulphurous  smoke  into  an  acid  used  in  making 
phosphate  manures.  The  marketable  value  of  the  article  thus  producible  from  the  smoke 
which  was  escaping  a  few  years  ago  from  the  Swansea  copper-works  has  been  estimated  at 
,£200,000  yearly  !  The  Messrs.  Vivian  immediately  availed  themselves  of  the  invention 
and  applied  it  to  their  works,  and  probably  other  proprietors  have  since  followed  their 
example.  Mr.  Hussey  Vivian,  in  a  speech  he  delivered  on  the  subject  in  1866,  said  he 
''  believed  that  that  district  was  destined  to  become  the  fertilizer  of  a  very  large  portion  of 


543  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

England."  From  the  appliances  which  they  had  then  by  way  of  experiment  set  up,  he 
thought  that  "  they  would  produce  manure  enough  for  something  like  40,000  acres  of  turnip 
every  year."  Superphosphates  have  now  become  an  important  article  for  the  agriculturist, 
and  we  would  fain  hope  that  no  more  "  beautiful  white  smoke  is  seen  rolling  away  over 
Kilvey  Hill." 

The  Nationality  of  Crime  in  Glamorgan. 

So  peculiar  is  the  composition  of  the  population  of  this  county  that  its  social  and  moral 
phenomena  may  be  expected  to  have  some  features  of  their  own.  Drawn  together  from  all 
parts  of  the  kingdom  by  the  prospect  of  employment  and  high  wages,  and  in  many  cases  by 
the  hope  of  shelter  and  prey,  the  crowded  denizens  of  Merthyr,  Aberdare,  and  Pontypridd, 
as  well  as  of  Swansea,  Neath,  and  Cardiff,  are  not  to  be  looked  upon  as  belonging  to  the 
Welsh  nation  except  in  a  qualified  sense,  and  that  nation  cannot  be  properly  credited  with 
their  good  or  bad  qualities  as  citizens.  It  is  established  beyond  question  that  Wales  is 
distinguished  for  its  comparative  freedom  from  crime  ;  it  is  equally  clear  that  the  populous 
county  of  Glamorgan  has  more  than  the  Welsh  average  of  misdemeanants,  and  much  more 
than  the  average  of  heinous  crimes.  These  facts  suggest  unavoidably  the  questions,  Is  the 
prevalence  of  breaches  of  the  law  in  Glamorganshire  traceable  to  the  mixed  character  of  the 
inhabitants?  and,  What,  among  cases  of  conviction,  is  the  proportion  of  Welsh  persons  to 
persons  of  other  nationalities  ? 

We  are  supplied  with  the  following  valuable  observations  on  the  general  subject  from  the 
pen  of  J.  C.  Fowler,  Esq.,  stipendiary  magistrate  for  the  Merthyr  district,  who  beyond  most 
others  is  qualified  to  speak  upon  it  with  authority  : — 

"  To  a  student  of  social  characteristics  nothing  can  be  more  interesting  than  the  tracing 
of  crime  to  its  birthplaces.  An  investigation  of  this  kind  throws  much  valuable  light  upon 
th;  moral  condition  and  social  virtues  and  vices  of  any  distinct  populations,  and  on  the 
incidents  and  circumstances  which  may  be  supposed  to  affect  their  conduct.  The  immediate 
object  of  the  following  remarks  is  to  discover  and  disclose  how  far  the  population  of  the 
Principality  yield  to  the  temptation  to  crime,  and  what  are  the  influences  and  circumstances 
which  may  be  supposed  to  restrain  them  from  yielding  more  than  they  do. 

"  The  Principality  comprises  twelve  counties,  of  which  the  entire  population  is  about 
1,250,000.  Of  this  number  more  than  400,000  souls  are  found  in  the  single  county  of 
Glamorgan ;  that  is,  one-third  of  the  entire  population  of  Wales.  This  county  contains 
within  its  boundaries  three  very  large  parliamentary  boroughs  (of  which  two  are  great 
seaports),  and  also  very  extensive  works  of  various  kinds.  All  these  commercial  enterprises 
are  carried  on  by  the  aid  of  large  masses  of  Irish  and  English  labourers  and  artificers.  If 
any  one  will  take  the  trouble  to  follow  the  accounts  in  the  newspapers  of  the  circuits  of  the 
judges  of  assize  in  Wales,  he  will  perceive  that  their  charges  to  the  grand  juries  are  almost 
always  couched  in  complimentary  terms  in  every  county  except  Glamorgan.  For  example, 
on  the  i8th  of  July,  1871,  the  judge  of  assize  at  Carmarthen  is  reported  to  have  'con- 
gratulated the  Grand  Jury  on  the  fact  that  the  calendar  contained  so  few  cases  for  trial.' 
The  number  of  prisoners  was  five.  But  the  same  judge  is  reported  to  have  said  in  his 
charge  to  the  Grand  Jury  of  Glamorganshire  on  the  2ist  of  the  same  month  that  'he  could 


NATIONALITY  OF  CRIME  IN  GLAMORGANSHIRE.  549 

not  congratulate  them  on  the  appearance  of  the  calendar,'  which  contained  the  formidable 
number  of  thirty-six  prisoners,  and  disclosed  many  serious  offences.  The  calendars  of 
prisoners  for  trial  at  the  Quarter  Sessions  for  this  county  are  also  exceptionally  long, — far 
longer  than  the  great  majority  of  English  counties  produce.  It  therefore  becomes  important 
and  interesting  to  discover  how  far  these  unpleasant  phenomena  are  attributable  to  native 
vice,  and  how  much  is  due  to  the  immigrant  population.  For  this  purpose  we  take  a  return 
which  has  been  supplied  by  the  governors  of  the  county  prisons  of  the  birthplaces  of  all  the 
prisoners  who  have  been  in  their  custody  for  the  last  five  years.  The  total  number  of 
prisoners  in  the  county  gaol  at  Cardiff  during  the  last  five  years  was  8,226.  Of  this  number 
no  less  than  2,133  were  English,  129  Scotch,  555  foreigners,  and  2,228  Irish,  leaving  a 
balance  of  only  3,181  Welsh  prisoners  out  of  the  total  of  8,226. 

"  Again,  the  total  number  of  prisoners  who  have  been  in  the  custody  of  the  governor  of 
the  county  gaol  at  Swansea  during  the  last  ten  years  was  7,857.  Of  these,  1,570  were 
English,  82  Scotch,  1,461  Irish,  191  foreigners,  14  natives  of  colonies,  and  74  unknown, 
leaving  a  balance  of  4,471  Welsh  prisoners  out  of  the  total  7,857.  Again,  if  the  calendar  of 
one  Quarter  Sessions  is  taken  at  random  as  a  sample,  it  will  be  found  that  in  October,  1869, 
ninety  prisoners  were  committed  for  trial.  It  appears  that  only  about  fifty  of  this  number 
were  natives  of  Wales,  and  still  fewer  natives  of  the  county  of  Glamorgan.  And  at  the 
sessions  of  June,  1870,  out  of  74  prisoners  for  trial  37  were  not  natives  of  Wales.  These 
local  indications  are  entirely  corroborated  by  the  general  return  of  the  birthplace  of  persons 
committed  for  trial  in  England  and  Wales.  If  the  commitments  for  the  year  1865  are 
examined,  it  appears  that  out  of  98,656  commitments  only  3,435  related  to  natives  of  Wales, 
while  18,569  were  Irish  cases.  These  facts  and  figures  seem  to  establish  the  conclusion  that 
though  a  dark  shade  of  criminality  has  fallen  upon  the  county  of  Glamorgan  from  the 
statistical  returns  supplied  to  the  Legislature,  it  would  be  a  grievous  error  to  attribute  it  to 
the  vicious  tendencies  of  the  native  population.  The  fact  is  that  whenever  masses  of  persons 
are  transferred  from  their  native  counties  and  parishes  to  distant  localities,  many  powerful 
and  restraining  influences  are  withdrawn  from  them.  Ireland  is  remarkably  free  from  ordinary 
crime,  but  when  the  Irish  are  transplanted  to  England  and  Wales,  they  figure  very  darkly  in 
the  criminal  statistics.  The  Welsh  at  home  have  the  benefit  of  many  restraining  influences. 
The  population  is  in  general  sparse,  and  consequently  that  natural  police  exists  which  consists 
in  everybody  knowing  everybody  and  their  pursuits.  Then  the  Welsh  people  have  a  strong 
sense  of  the  importance  of  religion,  and  almost  every  family  is  connected  with  one  denomi- 
nation of  Christians  or  another.  The  result  of  these  and  other  corrective  circumstances  is 
the  happy  and  creditable  fact  that  probably  very  few  families  resident  in  the  rural  districts  of 
Wales,  not  excepting  Glamorgan,  would  feel  any  apprehension  in  retiring  to  rest  without 
taking  any  precautions  whatever  against  nocturnal  violence  or  intrusion." 

The  question  thus  temperately  and  judiciously  presented  is  worthy  of  the  consideration  of 
the  county  authorities,  and  administrators  of  justice.  Our  judges  of  assize,  coming  as 
comparative  strangers,  are  struck  with  the  contrast  between  the  calendar  of  Glamorganshire 
and  Monmouthshire  and  those  of  other  counties  of  Wales  (for  Monmouthshire  is  in  reality  in 
Wales),  and  too  readily  ascribe  the  difference  to  density  of  population.  The  cause  is  a  much 
more  complex  one — the  admixture  of  foreign  nationalities,  and  not  always  the  best  materials 
of  those  nationalities.  These  parts  are  also  sadly  blighted  by  "  the  curse  of  intemperance," 

*  o 


550  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

the  prolific  breeder  of  crime.  That  ingenious  contrivance  of  modern  legislation  whereby 
revenue  is  made  by  multiplying  temptations  to  intemperance,  and  spent  in  providing  police 
and  prisons  to  curb  and  punish  the  resulting  disorder  and  crime,  displays  its  working  in 
Glamorganshire  with  most  deplorable  effect. 


SECTION  VI.— OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

The  two  classes  of  families  belonging  to  this  section — those  that  are  totally  extinct,  and 
those  that  are  old,  but  in  some  cases  in  the  collateral  and  female  descents  not  quite  extinct — 
are  unusually  numerous  in  Glamorganshire.  And  it  is  noteworthy  that  in  the  former  class  is 
included  a  large  proportion  of  foreign  households  introduced  by  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan 
by  the  Normans.  Glamorgan,  in  a  far  more  marked  degree  than  Brecknockshire,  became  a 
Normanized  region,  as  the  latter  county  was  more  Normanized  than  any  of  the  remaining 
counties  of  Wales.  The  disappearance  of  the  Norman  families  has  been  total  and  most 
remarkable.  No  favour  of  fortune  has  been  able  to  prolong  their  race.  To  some  extent,  no 
doubt,  this  is  attributable  to  the  fact  that  notwithstanding  their  possession  of  large  estates  in 
this  country,  their  homes  were  properly  the  other  side  the  Severn ;  there  they  had  their 
widest  domains,  their  family  sepulchres,  their  alliances,  and  in  most  cases  there  their 
descendants  continued  longest  to  flourish.  This  applies  to  the  De  Breoses,  Despencers, 
De  Londres,  De  Clares,  Humfrevilles,  Bronvilles,  Flemings,  &c.  But  even  there,  for  long 
ages,  the  effigies  that  repose  upon  their  tombs,  and  the  names  inscribed  in  the  annals  of  old 
England,  are  the  only  memorials  left  of  the  pride  and  renown  of  many  of  them.  It  is  not 
retribution,  but  the  stern  operation  of  natural  law,  before  whose  measured  march  all  things 
human  are  made  subject  to  incessant  change,  which  has  borne  them  away  to  oblivion.  In  Wales, 
of  course,  they  were  interlopers  and  unconscionable  plunderers,  but  were  not  a  whit  worse 
than  others  of  their  time  who  had  equal  opportunities.  Might  was  the  patent  to  right  in 
those  days  of  violence,  not  only  as  taught  by  the  gigantic  trespass  made  by  William  the 
Bastard  on  the  liberties  and  rights  of  Englishmen,  but  by  the  semi-barbarous  sentiments  of 
the  age  in  all  European  lands. 

By  reason  of  the  dominance  of  the  Normans  in  this  county,  and  the  entire  change  they 
effected,  we  shall  give  them  precedence  in  the  memorials  here  introduced.  On  the  ground 
of  antiquity  of  origin  most  of  them  are  not  entitled  to  much  consideration  as  compared  with 
the  households  they  overthrew ;  for  they  were,  in  the  literal  sense  of  the  term,  adventurers, 
obtained  property  and  founded  families  by  one  stroke  of  pillage.  Drawn  from  the  "  free 
companies  "  which  traversed  France,  selling  their  lance  and  battle-axe  to  the  highest  bidder, 
hosts  of  William's  knights  had  left  no  homes  in  that  land,  and  had  come  in  his  train  merely 
from  a  hope  of  bettering  their  fortune.  And  they  are  entitled  to  be  called  "Normans"  only 
by  a  sort  of  courtesy — assuming  that  there  is  something  honourable  in  the  name  beyond  the 
halo  which  our  cowardly  nature  ever  paints  around  the  head  of  success.  We  have  no  proof 
that  of  the  twelve  knights  who  became  lords  in  Glamorgan,  and  the  dozens  of  others  less 
distinguished  who  under  their  shadow  settled  on  the  lands  of  the  Welsh,  there  were  half  a 
dozen  men  of  Norman  blood.  William  himself,  as  we  have  already  shown,  was  but  in  small 


EXTINCT  NORMAN  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  551 

part  of  Scandinavian  origin.  Not  a  seventh  part  of  his  subjects  in  the  duchy  of  Normandy 
were  anything  else  but  Celts — the  old  race,  somewhat  mixed,  of  ancient  Gaul.  But  in 
drawing  together  his  great  army  of  invasion  he  had  gone  out  to  all  the  neighbouring 
provinces  of  France,  and  notably  into  Brittany — that  country  of  a  purely  Celtic  race,  next 
relations  to  the  Cymry  of  Wales ;  and  who  will  now  say  that  most  of  the  "  Normans  "  who 
became  Lords  of  Morganwg  under  Fitzhamon  were  not  of  near  consanguinity  with  the  people 
whose  lands  they  appropriated  ?  This  is  doubtless  novel  doctrine,  but  it  necessarily  follows 
from  a  candid  scrutiny  of  historical  facts. 


i. — EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  "NORMAN"   DESCENT. 
Robert  Fitzhamon. 

It  has  already  been  noted  that  Fitzhamon  himself  founded  no  family.  Of  four  daughters 
he  had,  two  embraced  a  religious  life,  and  he  was  succeeded  in  his  vast  estates  by  his 
daughter  Mabelia,  or  "  Mabel,"  wife  of  his  successor,  Robert  of  Gloucester.  Fitzhamon's  name 
therefore  disappeared  with  himself.  But  although  a  conqueror — and  often  after  the  Norman 
fashion  disposed  to  rule  with  a  strong  hand, — and  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  his  rule  extended 
only  over  a  period  of  some  dozen  years,  and  left  h'ttle  space  therefore  to  soften  down  the 
asperities  of  conquest,  Fitzhamon  left  behind  him  a  character  not  entirely  hateful  to  the 
Welsh.  He  had  qualities  which  tended,  had  the  age  been  of  a  milder  temper,  to  cause 
the  burden  of  oppression  to  lie  lightly  upon  his  vassals.  Of  his  antecedents  we  know  little, 
except  that  he  was  nearly  related  to  William  the  Conqueror,  succeeded  his  father,  Hamon 
Dentatus,  as  Lord  of  Astremeville  in  Normandy,  came  to  England  as  a  knight  in  the 
service  of  the  Conqueror,  had  assigned  him  the  possessions  of  Brictric  the  Saxon,  Lord  of 
Gloucester,  of  which  he  was  seised  when  commissioned  by  Rufus  to  push  on  his  fortunes 
among  the  South  Welsh.  Holding  Gloucester  and  Glamorgan,  he  had  also  the  care 
of  his  lands  in  Normandy,  and  while  employed  in  a  warlike  expedition  in  that  duchy  was 
wounded  with  a  spear  at  the  siege  of  Falaise,  of  which  wound  he  died  A.D.  1102.  He  was 
brought  to  be  buried  at  the  abbey  of  Tewkesbury,  which,  as  Lord  of  Gloucester,  he  had 
founded.  He  is  said  to  have  borne — "  Sa.,  a  lion  rampant  guardant  or,  incensed gu," 


Robert  of  Gloucester. 

The  second  lord  paramount  of  Glamorgan  was  Robert,  natural  son  of  Henry  I.  by 
Nest,  daughter  of  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr,  Prince  of  South  Wales.  Robert,  by  his  wife  Mabel, 
dau.  of  Fitzhamon,  had  four  sons, — William,  his  successor  as  Lord  of  Glamorgan;  Roger, 
Bishop  of  Worcester,  who  died  at  Tours  in  France,  A.D.  1179  ;  Hamon,  who  died  at  the 
siege  of  Toulouse,  A.D.  1159;  and  Philip.  Robert  of  Gloucester  was  the  founder  of 
Margam  Abbey  and  Keynsham  Abbey.  To  him  was  committed  by  Henry  I.  the  custody 
of  Robert,  Duke  of  Normandy,  whose  long  imprisonment  in  the  Curthose  Tower  of  Cardiff 


552 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Castle  we  have  noticed.  William  was  that  Lord  of  Glamorgan  (as  well  as  of  Gloucester) 
who  was  captured  by  Ivor  Bach,  Welsh  Lord  of  Castell  Coch,  in  his  castle  of  Cardiff,  and, 
with  his  wife  and  son,  carried  away  to  the  hills,  and  there  detained  until  he  had  restored  to 
Ivor  "everything  unjustly  taken  from  him,"  and  given  "compensation  of  additional 
property"  (Giraldus,  //«'«.,  6).  He  m.  Hawise,  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester  (the  lady 
thus  unceremoniously  dealt  with  by  Ivor),  and  dying  A.D.  1173,  was  buried  at  Keynsham 
Abbey,  which  his  father  had  founded.  Leaving  no  son  his  line  ceased  with  himself,  and 
he  was  ultimately  succeeded  by  his  younger  daughter,  Amicia,  whose  husband,  Richard  de 
Clare,  Earl  of  Hertford,  became,  in  his  wife's  right,  Lord  of  Gloucester  and  Glamorgan. 


The  De  Clares. 

The  De  Clares,  next  to  Fitzhamon  and  Robert  of  Gloucester,  were  the  greatest  of  the 
Lords  of  Glamorgan.  The  first  of  their  line  in  that  lordship  was  the  Richard  just  mentioned, 
who  married  Amicia,  dau.  of  William,  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  son  of  Robert  of  Gloucester, 
and  through  her  became  Lord  of  Gloucester  and  Glamorgan.  His  son,  Gilbert  de  Clare, 
his  successor,  active  among  the  barons  who  brought  King  John  to  grant  Magna  Charta,  m. 
Isabel,  dau.  of  William  Marshall  (Mareschal),  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  had  with  other  issue 
an  eldest  son,  Richard,  who,  upon  his  death  in  Brittany  A.D.  1229,  inherited  his  lordships 
as  a  minor,  under  the  guardianship  of  the  famous  Hugh  de  Burgh,  Earl  of  Kent.  Hugh  de 
Burgh  had  a  dau.,  Margaret,  whom  young  Richard  de  Clare  had  a  liking  for  and  married, 
much,  it  is  said,  to  the  displeasure  of  the  king — the  king  in  those  days  being  considered 
entitled  to  advise,  and  at  times  even  more  than  advise  his  barons  in  the  matter  of  marriage,— 
but  from  whom  he  afterwards  was  divorced.  His  second  wife  was  Maude,  dau.  of  John  de 
Lacy,  Earl  of  Lincoln,  by  whom  he  had  issue.  His  eldest  son, — 

Gilbert  de  Clare,  surnamed  by  the  Welsh,  Gilbert  Gock,  "  the  red,"  m.  Alice  de  March, 
dau.  of  Guy,  Count  of  Angouleme.  She  was  niece  of  the  French  king,  who  bestowed  upon 
her  a  portion  of  5,000  marks.  He  was  the  first  Lord  of  Glamorgan  who  obtained  pos- 
session of  Caerphilly  Castle  (p.  534).  Gilbert  de  Clare,  like  his  father  and  grandfather, 
was  zealous  for  the  cause  of  the  barons  as  against  King  Henry  III.  On  the  death  of  the 
king,  A.D.  1272,  he  was  one  of  the  barons  who  met  at  the  New  Temple,  London,  to  pro- 
claim King  Edward  I. ;  and  on  Edward's  return  from  the  Holy  Land,  where  he  was  pur- 
suing his  knightly  duties  at  the  time  of  his  accession,  was  the  first  to  welcome  and  entertain 
him  at  his  castle  of  Tonbridge.  Having  divorced  his  first  wife,  he  m.,  after  the  lapse  of 
some  years,  Joan  of  Acre,  dau.  of  King  Edward  I.,  who,  in  her  turn,  m.,  as  her  second 
husband,  Ralph  de  Mortimer  (see  Caerphilly  Castle}.  Gilbert  de  Clare  d.  at  Monmouth 
Castle  A.D.  1295,  and  was  buried  at  Tewkesbury  Abbey.  He  left  by  his  second  wife,  Joan, 
a  son  and  successor, — 

Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  and  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  who  at  the  time  of  his 
accession  was  only  five  years  of  age.  He  grew  up  to  manhood,  and  was  guardian  of  the 
kingdom  during  Edward  II. 's  absence  in  the  Scottish  wars.  He  fell  in  the  battle  of  Ban- 
nockburn,  A.D.  1314,  in  his  twenty-third  year,  and  was  buried  at  Tewkesbury  Abbey  with 


EXTINCT  NORMAN  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  553 

his  ancestors.  Dying  unmarried  AD.  1313,  and  leaving  no  issue,  he  left  his  great  possessions 
to  his  three  sisters,  co-heiresses,  and  the  earldom  of  Gloucester  as  well  as  the  line  of  the 
De  Clares  became  extinct.  The  arms  of  the  De  Clares  were — Or,  three  chevrons  gu. 


The  Despencers. 

Hugh  le  Despencer,  temp.  Edward  II..  had  a  son  Hugh,  who  m.  Eleanor,  eldest  sister 
of  the  last  Gilbert  de  Clare  above  named,  and  in  her  right  became  Lord  of  Glamorgan. 
Too  ambitious  of  extending  his  territory,  and  favoured  by  the  king,  he  came  into  conflict 
with  De  Breos,  Lord  of  Gower,  and  other  barons,  among  whom  were  De  Bohun,  Mortimer, 
Audley,  Mowbray,  Berkley,  Seys,  and  Talbot,  who  took  up  arms,  ravaged  his  lands  in 
Morganwg,  formed  so  large  a  confederacy  among  the  barons  of  England  and  the  Marches 
as  to  overpower  the  king,  Despencer's  protector,  and  obtain  a  sentence  of  deprivation  and 
banishment  against  the  obnoxious  Despencer  family.  The  Earl  of  Leicester,  however,  who 
was  at  their  head,  was  defeated  in  the  field,  and  the  Despencers'  prospects  once  more 
brightened.  The  young  Hugh  Despencer  is  said  now  to  have  procured  from  the  king,  in 
addition  to  his  former  lordship  of  Glamorgan  (see  Dugdale),  the  manors  and  castles  of 
Swansea,  Oystermouth,  Pennard,  and  Loughor,  in  Gower,  which  he  exchanged  with 
Eleanor,  wife  of  John  de  Burgh,  for  the  manors  and  castles  of  Usk,  Tre-grug,  Caerleon,  &c., 
in  Monmouthshire.  The  ruins  of  his  magnificence  are  still  seen  at  Caerphilly  (see  Caer- 
philly Castle}.  Adversity,  however,  in  time  overcame  both  king  and  favourite,  and  (his 
father  having  already  perished)  Despencer  lost  his  life  on  the  scaffold,  having  been  im- 
peached before  Parliament  at  Hereford  A.D.  1326.  His  sentence  was,  "to  be  drawn  upon 
a  hurdle,  with  trumps  and  trumpets,  throughout  all  the  city  of  Hereford,  and  then  to  be 
hanged  and  quartered." 

He  left  two  sons,  Hugh  and  Edward.  The  former  became  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  having 
been  received  into  favour  by  the  new  sovereign,  Edward  III.,  who  bestowed  upon  him  an 
extensive  share  of  the  possessions  of  his  late  father,  which  upon  his  impeachment  had 
escheated  to  the  Crown.  In  the  i7th  Edward  III.  he  is  styled  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  and  on  his 
death,  six  years  subsequently,  he  was  seised  of  the  several  manors  and  castles  which  had 
belonged  to  his  father  in  Glamorganshire.  He  had  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William  Montacute, 
Earl  of  Salisbury,  who  afterwards  married  Guy  de  Breos,  taking  with  her  as  her  dower 
among  other  of  their  late  husband's  possessions  in  Glamorganshire,  "  the  castle,  town,  and 
manor  of  Neath,  the  hamlets  of  Cilybebyll  and  Britton,  the  whole  territory  of  Nedd,  on 
both  sides  the  river,  the  castle,  lordship,  and  town  of  Kenfig,  the  castle  and  manor  of 
Llanblethian,  and  the  castle,  town,  and  manor  of  Talyvan."  This  Hugh  Despencer  dying 
without  issue  A.D.  1349,  his  other  possessions  passed  to  his  brother  Edward,  who  in  turn  was 
followed  by  his  son, — 

Edward  Despencer,  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  whose  wife  was  Elizabeth,  dau.  and  heiress  of 
Baron  Burgherst.  This  was  the  Despencer  who  accompanied  the  Black  Prince  to  France 
and  fought  at  Poictiers  (see  p.  536).  He  died  at  Cardiff  (Caerphilly  Castle  being  probably 
no  longer  one  of  the  family  residences)  A.D.  1375,  and  was  buried  at  Tewkesbury  Abbey, 
leaving  his  son  Thomas  as  his  successor  in  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan. 


554  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Thomas  Despencer  m.  Constance,  dau.  of  Edmund  de  Langley,  Duke  of  York,  fifth  son 
of  King  Edward  III.  He  it  was  who  petitioned  Parliament  for  a  reversal  of  the  sentence  of 
banishment  still  recorded  against  his  great-grandfather,  though  now,  as  regarded  his  family, 
practically  a  dead  letter.  In  this  he  succeeded,  as  well  as  in  obtaining  the  favour  of 
Richard  II.,  and  for  a  time  with  great  zeal  and  devotion  espoused  the  king's  cause  against 
the  House  of  Lancaster.  But  in  this  case  neither  liege  lord  nor  feoffee  was  a  person  long  to 
be  depended  upon.  Despencer  basely  deserted  a  base  master,  and  assisted  in  his  deposition ; 
but  the  next  king,  Henry  IV.,  showed  little  appreciation  of  his  services  :  as  soon  as  he  had 
seated  himself  on  the  throne,  Despencer  was  deprived  of  all  his  estates,  apprehended  at 
Bristol  in  his  attempt  to  fly  the  kingdom,  condemned  by  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
executed  in  the  market-place  of  Bristol  A.D.  1400.  He  left  a  son,  Richard,  who  d.  s.  p.  1414, 
and  one  surviving  dau.,  Isabel.  His  estates  in  Glamorganshire,  which  had  escheated  to  the 
Crown  on  his  impeachment,  were  restored  to  his  widow,  and  descended  to  the  dau.  and  her 
heirs.  (See  Beauchamps  below.)  Thus  ended  the  proud,  grasping,  and  unfortunate  family 
of  Despencer,  who  had  been  oppressors  of  the  weak,  and  flatterers  and  traitors  towards  the 
strong.  Their  arms  were — Quarterly,  arg.  and gu.,  in  the  second  and  third  quarters  a  fret  or  ; 
over  all  a  bend  sa. 


The  Beauchamps. 

Richard  Beauchamp,  Baron  Abergavenny,  afterwards  cr.  Earl  (conies')  of  Worcester  by  his 
marriage  with  Isabel  Despencer  above  named,  succeeded  to  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan,  and 
held  his  court  at  Cardiff  Castle.  On  his  death  (A.D.  1431)  his  widow  m.,  by  special  dispensation 
from  the  Pope,  his  relative,  Richard  Beauchamp,  Earl  of  Warwick,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished knights  of  the  age.  He  visited  the  Holy  Land,  and  signalized  his  strength  and  prowess 
in  many  tournaments  and  feats  of  arms.  Upon  his  death,  which  took  place  at  Rouen  in 
Normandy,  A.D.  1439,  his  earldom  and  lordship  vested  in  his  son  Henry.  This  young  earl  in 
his  nineteenth  year  tendered  his  services  for  the  defence  of  the  duchy  of  Aquitaine,  was 
created,  A.D.  1444,  Premier  Earl  of  England,  advanced  to  the  dignity  of  Duke  of  Warwick, 
with  next  precedency,  along  with  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.  His 
territorial  influence  under  grants  and  charters  from  the  king  was  largely  increased  in  the 
Channel  Islands,  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Somersetshire,  and  Wales.  He  obtained  the  Forest  of 
Dean,  with  its  castles  and  manors,  for  a  rental  of  ^100  a  year.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
married,  when  only  ten  years  of  age,  to  Cicely,  dau.  of  Richard  Neville,  Earl  of  Salisbury, 
by  whom  he  left  an  only  dau.,  Anne,  born  at  Cardiff  Castle,  upon  whose  death  in  1449  the 
lordship  of  Glamorgan,  and  her  other  estates  and  honours,  devolved  upon  her  aunt,  Anne, 
sister  of  the  late  Duke  of  Warwick.  She  was  at  this  time  married  to  Richard  Neville,  Earl  of 
Salisbury,  who  was  shortly  after  cr.  Earl  of  Warwick.  Here  ended  the  name  of  Beaucharcps, 
Lords  of  Glamorgan.  The  Beauchamps  bore — Gu.,  afesse  between  three  cross  crcsslets,  or. 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  NORMAN  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  555 

The  Nevilles. 

Richard  Neville,  Earl  of  Salisbury  of  that  day,  born  about  1420,  became  the  husband  of 
Anne,  sister  and  heiress  of  Henry  Beauchamp,  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  and  in  her  right  became 
Earl  of  Warwick  and  Lord  of  Glamorgan.  He  is  well  known  in  English  history  as  "  the 
king-maker,"  and  his  influence  in  public  affairs,  like  that  of  the  Beauchamps  and  Despencers, 
was  much  greater  through  his  English  than  through  his  Welsh  territories.  The  lordship  of 
Glamorgan  had  by  this  time  fallen  into  some  obscurity,  and  the  great  castle  of  Caerphilly 
was  scarcely  used  as  one  of  the  lord's  castles.  His  vast  power  in  the  state  was  owing  to  an 
unusual  combination  of  circumstances  and  personal  qualities.  His  two  uncles,  William  and 
Edward,  were  at  the  same  time,  through  marriage,  Barons  Fauconberg  and  Abergavenny, 
and  another  uncle,  George  Neville,  also  through  marriage,  was  Baron  Latimer.  Still  more 
important  was  his  relation  to  Richard,  Duke  of  York,  who  had  married  Cecily,  dau.  of 
Warwick's  grandfather,  the  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  and  who,  as  representative  of  Lionel, 
Earl  of  Clarence,  third  son  of  Edward  III.,  was  the  lineal  heir  to  the  throne  now  occupied 
by  the  House  of  Lancaster,  descended  from  Edward  IV. 's  son,  John  of  Gaunt.  In  this  way 
Richard  Neville,  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  King  Edward  IV.,  son  of  Richard,  Duke  of  York, 
were  first  cousins.  He  was  slain  1471,  and  his  estates  were  forfeited. 

It  has  been  said  that  at  this  time  the  Nevilles  were  the  most  extensively  and  influentially 
connected  family  that  has  ever  existed  among  the  nobility  of  England.  All  these  advantages, 
however,  would  have  proved  of  little  value  to  an  inferior  or  indiscreet  man.  Richard 
Neville  was  neither.  Of  good  intellectual  capacity  and  ready  eloquence,  he  was  courteous 
and  affable  in  behaviour,  brave,  prompt,  and  enduring  as  a  soldier,  and  boundless  as  well  as 
magnificent  in  hospitality.  Stow  says  of  him  (Chronicle),  "When  he  came  to  London  he 
held  such  an  house  that  six  oxen  were  eaten  of  a  breakfast,  and  every  tavern  was  full  of  his 
meat ;  for  who  [ever]  had  any  acquaintance  in  that  house,  should  have  as  much  sodden  and 
roast  as  he  might  carry  upon  a  long  dagger."  Wherever  he  resided  he  kept  open  house  ; 
the  number  of  people  welcomed  to  his  tables  at  his  various  mansions  was  so  great  that  they 
have  been  computed,  perhaps  with  some  exaggeration,  at  not  less  than  thirty  thousand. 

The  whole  history  of  the  struggle  between  the  Yorkists  and  the  Lancastrians  is  the 
history  of  this  remarkable  man.  From  the  first  armed  rising  against  Henry  VI.,  A.D.  1455, 
to  the  settlement  upon  the  throne  of  Edward  IV.,  after  the  defeat  of  the  Lancastrians  at  the 
battle  of  Earner.,  his  genius  and  energy  were  felt. 

The  Earl  of  Warwick  leaving  no  son,  in  him  the  line  of  the  Nevilles  became  extinct,  and 
virtually  also  that  of  Lords  of  Glamorgan.  His  eldest  dau.,  Isabel  Neville  (d.  1477),  m. 
George  Plantagenet,  Duke  of  Clarence,  brother  of  Edward  IV.,  and  left  by  him  (who  was 
put  to  death  in  1478)  a  son,  Edward,  styled  Earl  of  Warwick,  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill  in 
1499;  and  a  dau.,  Margaret,  cr.  Countess  of  Salisbury,  also  executed  on  Tower  Hill,  at  the 
age  of  seventy,  in  1541.  The  Earl  of  Warwick's  second  dau.,  Anne  Neville,  m.  first  Edward, 
Prince  of  Wales,  son  of  Henry  VI.,  who  was  murdered  in  1471,  by  whom  she  had  no  issue  ; 
and  secondly,  Richard,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  afterwards  King  Richard  III.,  who  kept  the 
lordships  of  Glamorgan  and  Abergavenny  in  his  own  hands  during  his  lifetime,  after  which 
they  fell  to  Henry  VII.,  his  uncle.  Thus  ended  the  house  of  Neville. 

The  arms  of  the  Nevilles  were — GIL,  a  saltier  arg. 


5$6  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

The  lordship  of  Glamorgan  (with  that  of  Abergavenny),  now  held  by  the  first  Tudor 
king,  was  conferred  by  him  upon  his  uncle,  Jasper,  Earl  of  Pembroke  (younger  son  of  Owen 
Tudor,  of  Penmynydd  Man),  upon  whose  death  it  again  reverted  to  the  Crown,  and  was  held 
by  Henry  VIII.  and  his  son,  Edward  VI.  This  young  king  sold  the  lordship  to  William 
Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  from  whom  it  has  descended  to  the  present  noble  owner. 
(See  further  under  Bitte,  Marquis  of.) 

Here  cease  those  great  baronial  families,  the  Lords  of  Glamorgan  proper ;  and  we  have 
next  to  notice  another  powerful  but  less  magnificent  family  who  held  a  lordship  in  Gower, 
not  under  obligation  of  service  to  the  Lord  Paramount  of  Glamorgan,  but  directly  under  the 
king. 

Tht  De  Breos  Family. 

After  the  Lords  of  Glamorgan  above  enumerated,  the  most  important  family  of  Norman 
descent  which  bore  rule  in  this  county  was  that  of  De  Breos,  whose  lordship  in  Gower  was  a 
Lordship  Marcher.  Their  principal  territories  in  Wales,  however,  were  the  lordships  of 
Brecknock  and  Abergavenny.  Philip  de  Breos,  whose  father,  William  de  Breos,  came  lo 
England  with  the  Conqueror,  in  right  of  his  wife,  dau.  of  Fitz- Walter,  Earl  of  Hereford,  be- 
came seised  of  the  lordships  of  Brecknock,  Abergavenny,  and  Gower,  and  held  besides  the 
barony  of  Brembre  in  Sussex,  with  some  fifty-six  other  lordships  in  that  and  other  counties 
(Doomsday).  He  d.  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  This  great  house  continued  through  eight 
successions — the  last  of  the  Gower  line  being  William  de  Breos,  who  in  the  2  2nd  of 
Edward  I.,  A.D.  1294.  was  one  of  the  lords  summoned  to  a  parliament  on  the  affairs  of  the 
nation,  and  in  the  29th  year  of  the  same  king  received  a  like  summons  in  the  rank  of  barons. 
Edward  also  granted  him  jura  regalia  in  Gower  of  equal  extent  and  dignity  with  those 
enjoyed  by  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Lord  of  Glamorgan.  Being,  however,  as  Walsingham  has 
it,  a  person  of  "  large  patrimony  but  great  unthrift,"  he  deemed  it  convenient  to  dispose  by 
sale  his  territory  of  Gower  to  the  Earl  of  Hereford,  who  was  deprived  of  it  by  force  by 
Hugh  Despencer  the  younger,  King  Edward  II. 's  favourite.  This  led  to  the  insurrection 
of  the  barons  under  the  leadership  of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Lancaster.  William  de  Breos, 
Lord  of  Gower,  d.  A.D.  1322,  leaving  no  male  issue.  See  further  De  Breos,  p.  69,  &c.,  and 
Nicolas,  Synop.  of  Peerage,  i.,  82. 

Two  of  the  De  Breoses,  Reginald  (d.  1221)  and  his  son  William  (d.  1229),  came  into 
intimate  relationship  with  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth,  Prince  of  North  Wales.  The  former 
married  Gwlaclys,  the  prince's  daughter;  the  latter  became  his  prisoner  at  Aber  palace,  and 
abusing  the  indulgence  shown  him,  exposed  himself  to  the  righteous  vengeance  which  cut 
short  his  life  on  the  gallows  (p.  69).  We  have  already  shown  that  Caerphilly  Castle  came 
first  to  the  De  Breos  family  by  grant  of  it  to  this  Reginald  by  his  father-in-law  Llewelyn. 

The  De  Breos  arms  were — Az.,  sem.ee  of  cross  crosslets  gu.,  a  lion  rampant  or,  armed  and 
langued gu.  The  De  Breoses,  Lords  of  Brecknock,  are  also  said  (see  Jones's  Hist,  of  Breck.) 
to  have  borne  Barry  of  six  vair  of  ermine  and  gu. 

The  above  were  Barones  Majores,  holding  from  the  sovereign  :  the  following  were  Barones 
Minores,  holding  from,  and  under  obligation  of  service  to  the  great  Barons,  and  not,  like 
them,  entitled  to  be  summoned  to  the  king's  council. 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  557 

De  Granville. 

The  line  of  Granville  is  traced  to  Rollo,  the  first  Scandinavian  conqueror  of  Normandy, 
and  from  Rollo  Richard  Granvyl,  Granvyld,  or  Granville,  who  came  over  with  his  relative, 
William  the  Conqueror,  was  sixth  in  descent.  He  was  brother  of  Robert  Fitzhamon,  whom 
he  assisted  in  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan,  and  received  for  his  services  the  lordship  of 
Neath  (see  Neath  Abbey  and  Castle).  Though  Richard  himself  is  said  to  have  returned  to 
Normandy,  and  afterwards  to  have  taken  the  cross  and  died  on  a  journey  to  Palestine,  he 
left  a  son  and  successor  to  his  estates  in  Wales.  The  line,  however,  did  not  continue  long  in 
Wales,  but  much  longer  in  Cornwall  (see  Grenfell,  Maesteg  House),  where  Richard's  grandson, 
also  named  Richard,  m.  a  dau.  of  James  Trewynt,  of  Trewynt,  or  Treint.  (See  Pedigree 
of  Lady  Llanover.)  The  Granvilles  bore — Gu.,  three  clarions  or. 


De  Land  res. 

William  de  Londres  (or  Londinensis),  supposed  to  have  been  born  in  London,  a  soldier 
under  Fitzhamon  in  compassing  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan,  and  thereafter  Lord  of  Ogmore, 
or  Aberogwr,  had  a  son,  Maurice  de  Londres,  who  divides  with  his  father  the  honour  of 
founding  Ewenny  Abbey  (see  Ewenny  Abbey).  Maurice,  otherwise  called  Meyrick,  left  a 
son,  William  de  Londres,  who  succeeded  him  as  Lord  of  Ogmore.  Both  father  and  son  are 
highly  extolled  also  for  their  grants  of  land  to  Neath  Abbey  and  monastery,  and  for  their 
personal  valour  and  general  excellence.  The  line  soon  lost  its  prominence  in  Glamorgan- 
shire, its  chief  possessions  and  place  of  burial  being  in  England,  where  also  its  political 
influence  mainly  lay. 

The  De  Londres  arms  were — Gu.,  three  trefoils  slipped  in  bendarg.,in  chief  a  lion  passant  or. 


De  Turberville  of  Coily. 

The  Turbervilles  at  one  time  were  a  numerous  family  with  several  branches  in  Gla- 
morganshire, as  at  Tythegston,  Penlline,  and  Llanilltyd,  or  Lantwit ;  but  were  in  all  cases 
sprung  from  the  Turbervilles  of  Coity  Castle,  the  first  of  whose  line,  as  already  shown  (see 
Coity  Castle\  was  Sir  Pain  de  Turberville.  This  "  Norman "  was  probably,  as  his  name 
would  indicate,  derived  from  the  Celts  of  Brittany  or  Normandy,  a  probability  made  all  the 
stronger  by  his  choosing  to  wife  the  dau  of  Morgan  ap  Meurig,  the  Welsh  lord  of  Coity.  He 
was  the  first  of  the  foreign  race  to  set  this  example,  and  was  not  readily  imitated.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  followed  at  Coity  Castle  in  regular  succession  by  ten  or  eleven  of  his 
descendants,  eight  of  whom  were  from  father  to  son  direct,— Gilbert,  Pain,  Pain,  Gilbert 
Richard,  Pain,  Gilbert,  which  last  Gilbert  was  succeeded  by  his  brother  Richard,  with  whom 
issue  male  failed,  and  who  devised  the  Coity  lordship  to  his  nephew,  Sir  Laurence  Berkrolles 
who  d.  A.D.  1412.  (See  Berkrolles  of  St.  Atharfs,  and  Gamage  of  Coity  Castle.) 

The  arms  of  De  Turberville  are  said  to  have  been  —  Cheeky,  or  andgv.,  a  chief  ermine. 


558  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

De  Berkrolles  of  St.  Atharis. 

This  family  was  settled  at  East  Orchard,  St.  Athan's,  for  nearly  300  years,  the  first 
founder  of  the  house  being  Sir  Roger  Berkrolles,  who  received  the  lordship  as  a  reward  for 
his  knightly  service  under  Robert  Fitzhamon.  The  last  of  the  line  male,  Sir  Laurence 
Berkrolles,  whose  fortune,  as  seen  under  Turberville  of  Coity  Castle,  was  increasing  when  his 
name  was  about  to  pass  into  oblivion,  by  his  wife,  a  dau.  of  the  Despencers,  had  no 
issue  (see  p.  522),  and  his  inheritance  passed  to  Sir  Edward  Stradling,  who  was  maternally 
descended  from  the  Berkrolles.  The  Berkrolles  arms  were — Az.,  a  chevron  between  three 
crescents  or. 


De  Humfrcville  of  Penmark. 

Gilbert  de  Humfreville  was  founder  of  this  house.  Having  assisted  Fitzhamon  in  the 
subjugation  of  Morganwg,  he  was  presented  with  the  lands  of  Penmark,  or  Penmarch  Howell, 
and  his  heirs  male  enjoyed  the  same  until  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  when  the  line  ceased, 
and  the  lordship  of  Penmark  descended  to  Sir  John  St.  John,  of  Fonmon  Castle.  Sir  Henry 
de  Humfreville,  Kt.,  was  living  near  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Edward  II.  (circa  1327),  as 
shown  by  his  signature  to  a  deed  to  which  are  also  attached  the  names  of  Sir  Philip 
Fleming,  Sir  William  Berkrolles,  &c.  The  Humfreville  arms  were — Arg.,  afesse  between  six 
dnquefjils  gu. 


St.  John  of  Fonmon  Castle. 

One  of  the  "  twelve  knights,"  Sir  Oliver  St.  John  (to  whom,  however,  Burke  gives  the 
^w),  received  as  his  share  of  the  lands  of  Glamorgan  the  lordship  of  Fonmon.  This 
was  about  A.D.  1094-5,  and  his  descendants  are  said  to  have  continued  to  possess,  if  not 
always  to  reside  at  Fonmon  Castle,  for  400  years  or  more,  when  Sir  Oliver  St.  John  of  that 
place,  an  adventurous  soldier  in  Ireland  under  Elizabeth,  was  raised  to  the  peerage  of 
England  A.D.  1559,  under  the  title  of  Baron  St.  John  of  Bletsoe,  Viscount  Grandison, 
and  Baron  Tregoze,  being  descended  through  a  remote  maternal  ancestor  from  the 
Beauchamps,  Lords  of  Bletsoe,  in  Northamptonshire  (comp.  D.  Jenkin's  MS.,  p.  221). 
His  son,  also  called  Oliver,  3rd  Baron,  was  advanced  in  1624  to  the  dignity  of  Earl  of 
Bolingbroke,  a  title  which  became  extinct,  and  was  renewed  in  the  same  family  in  favour  of 
Henry  St.  John,  the  celebrated  politician  and  writer  of  the  time  of  Queen  Anne  and 
George  I.,  cr.  Baron  Tregoze  and  Viscount  Bolingbroke  A.D.  1712.  Oliver  St.  John,  first 
Earl  Bolingbroke,  sold  the  Fonmon  estate  about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  to 
Col.  Philip  Jones,  M.P.,  one  of  Cromwell's  privy  council,  ancestor  of  the  present  proprietor 
(see  Jones,  Fonmon  Castle).  The  title,  Baron  St.  John  of  Bletsoe,  still  survives. 

Fonmon  in  the  Norman-French  took  the  form  Faumont,  but  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
a  name  imposed  by  the  Normans,  who  are  more  likely  to  have  corrupted  in  this  as  in  many 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  559 

other  cases  an  earlier  native  designation.     Close  by  runs  a  stream  called  Cen-fon,  and  both 
names  are  related. 

The  St.  Johns  bore — Arg.,  on  a  chief  gu.,  two  mullets  pierced  or. 


Le  Esterling  (Stradling)  of  St.  Donafs  Castle. 

We  have  no  better  account  of  the  first  entrance  of  this  family  upon  Welsh  territory  than 
that  given  in  Caradoc's  Brut,  to  the  effect  that  when  Robert  Fitzhamon  took  upon  himself 
the  rule  and  chieftainship  of  the  whole  district  of  Glamorgan,  "  to  William  Desterlin  was 
allotted  the  lordship  of  Llanwerydd" — the  earlier  designation  of  St.  Donat's.  Of  a  family 
which  in  after  times  occupied  a  place  almost  vying  in  importance  with  that  of  the  major 
barons,  we  have  little  information  until  this  William  de  Esterling,  or  le  Esterling — a  name 
which  gradually  resolved  itself  in  the  popular  articulation,  and  even  in  written  record,  into 
the  form  Stradling — took  his  share  of  the  lands  which  Fitzhamon  did  homage  for  to  Rufus, 
A.D.  1092  or  1094.  It  has  been  said  by  Collins  that  William  le  Esterling  derived  originally 
from  the  "eastern  people  called  Easterlings,  who  dwelt  near  the  Baltic  Sex  ;"  but  whether 
this  is  anything  better  than  a  conjecture  suggested  by  the  form  of  the  name  we  cannot  say. 

The  sixth  in  descent  after  Sir  William  was  Sir  Peter  Stradling,  Knt.,  who  m.  Joan,  sole 
heir  of  Thomas  Hawey,  of  Cwmhawey,  in  Somerset,  now  called  Comb-hay.  He  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  Sir  Edward,  who  m.  Eleanor,  dau.  of  Sir  Gilbert  Strongbow.  To 
him  and  his  wife  and  children,  William  de  Sancto  Donato,  Abbot  of  Neath  (probably  a 
relative),  in  consideration  of  certain  concessions,  gave,  in  1341,  "a  general  participation  of 
the  spiritual  good  things  of  his  abbey,  and  founded  an  obit  after  their  death,  annually 
forever"  (see  Clark's  Castle  of  St.  Donafs,  1871).  In  the  deed  executed  on  the  occasion 
Sir  Edward  is  denominated  "Dominus  de  Sancto  Donato  Anglicanus" — a  description  which 
seems  to  imply  either  a  preceding  or  a  contemporary  Wallicanus  Lord  of  St.  Donat's. 

The  next  Sir  Edward,  Knight  of  the  Sepulchre,  son  of  the  last,  was  sent  to  Parliament  by 
the  co.  of  Somerset  in  the  iyth  Edward  III.,  or  1344,  and  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1367. 
Through  his  wife,  Gwenllian,  dau.  and  eventually  h.  of  Sir  Roger  Berkrolles,  he  became 
possessor  of  East  Orchard  and  Merthyr  Mawr. 

The  Stradlings  had  a  vein  of  piety  and  a  taste  for  pilgrim  adventure.  The  last-mentioned 
Sir  Edward,  and  his  son  Sir  William,  both  visited  Jerusalem,  and  obtained  the  dignity — much 
coveted  in  those  days — of  Knight  of  the  Sepulchre.  Sir  William's  son  and  successor,  Sir 
Edward  Stradling,  also  made  a  pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land,  and  found  a  grave  at  Jerusalem 
about  A.D.  1478.  He  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Henry  Beaufort, ' son  of  John  of  Gaunt,  and  in 
addition  to  a  number  of  illegitimate  children,  he  had  by  his  wife  a  son  and  successor,  Sir 
Harry  Stradling,  whose  story  acquired  a  tinge  of  romance  from  his  capture,  while  crossing 
the  Severn  estuary,  by  the  Breton  pirate,  Colin  Dolphin.  His  captor  demanding  a  ransom 
price  of  2,200  marks,  or  about  .£1,400,  Sir  Harry  to  meet  the  exaction  had  to  sell  his  manor 
of  Sutton  in  Glamorganshire,  and  those  of  Bassaleg,  Rogerston,  and  Tregwilym,  in  Monmouth- 
shire, besides  two  manors  in  the  co.  of  Oxford— a  transaction  which  throws  some  light  on 
the  value  of  land  and  money,  as  well  as  on  the  state  of  society  in  those  days.  Sir  Harry, 


56o  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

like  his  forefathers,  paid  a  visit  to  Jerusalem,  and  died  on  his  way  home  in  the  island  of 
Cyprus,  being  at  the  time  only  about  thirty  years  of  age.  A  letter  he  wrote  from  Rome  to 
his  wife  (Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  William  ap  Thomas  Herbert,  Lord  of  Raglan)  is  worth 
quoting,  in  illustration  of  the  customs  and  sentiments  of  the  times,  as  well  as  of  the  English 
used  by  Sir  Harry  Stradling. 

"  Ryght  herteley  belowyd  wyfe,  I  grete  wele  a  thowsande  tymes,  lettynge  yowe  wete  [know]  that  at  the 
makyng  of  this  lett'  I  was  in  gode  hele,  eblessyd  be  God,  and  that  is  grete  wond',  for  there  was  nevr  men  that 
had  so  pelowse  [perilous]  a  wey  as  we  hadde,  save  only  eworschep  be  God  we  were  not  let  [hindered]  in  no 
place,  nor  tangled :  the  pilgremys  that  were  goyng  to  Cales  [Calais]  were  iij  tymes  cast  alonde  w1  storme ;  and 
assone  as  I  come,  eblessyde  be  God,  we  were  over  w'yn  iiij  owres,  and  taried  there  till  the  furst  Sonday  o' 
Clene  Lent,  and  a  Sonday  aft'  mas  we  toke  our  jorne,  and  wente  owte  of  the  towne  vij  schore  p'sones,  and  went 
so  till  we  come  to  the  londe  of  Luke  [Lucca],  and  there  euery  man  dyd  wex  wery  of  othur.     Notw'stonding  I 
met  at  London  iij  of  my  sonne  Mile  is  neyperes  [neighbours]  aprest  [ready]  and  ij  othur.     Also,  Joh'n  Wach°n 
[Vychan]  and  Joh'n  Lewis  Gont™,  yor  cosyfi,  and  iiij  w'  them  ;  and  so  we  were  xij  p'sons,  and  n"  nev"  dep'tyd 
[separated]  till  we  come  to  Rome,     .     .     .     and  a  gode  Fryday  in  the  mornyng  we  come  to  Rome  ;  the  nyght 
tafore  we  lay  in  a  forest  undr  a  tre,  evell  at  ese  by  cause  we  wolde  overtake  the     .     .     .     and  see  the  vernicle 
[a  relic  of  St.  Veronica].     And  so  we  saw  hit  Friday,  Sat'day  a  Sonday  to  fore  masse — the  pope  he  assoyled 
[absolved]  vs  of  plena  remyssio,  &  afte'  he  hadde  songe  his  masse  he  come  ageyii  and  assoyled  them  as  fre  as 
that  day  theye  were  born,  and  for  to  say  that  there  was  pepull,  there  was  w'oute  nomr,  and  for  se  othur  plac" 
of  Remission  w'out  eny  mo  nom'.     And  also  as  tochyng  yor  absolucion  I  hadde  grete  labo'  and  cost  to  gete 
hit  vndr  ledde,  and  therefore  lett  eny  man  or  woman  bewar  howe  he  makythe  a  vow,  hit  is  akowven°t  must  be 
kept.     Also  I  hope  to  God  to  remove  towarde  Wenys  [Venice]  by  litell  estep  day,  and  I  have  gete  my  licens 
of  the  Pope  and  iiij  Englische  men  more  w'  me  ;  and  yef  I  kan  go  in  savete,  I  will  go.  yef  no  I  will  be  at  home 
by  Mydsomr,  and  yef  I  go  h'  will  be  alhalowyn  tyde  or  I  come  home.     And  also  Richard  Rethe  [Rees]  is  in 
gode  hele  blessyd  be  God,  save  he  was  a  litell  crasid  in  his  legge  a  fortenygt  w'  a  senewe  spronge,  and  nowe  he 
is  hole.      Notw'stondyng  Tom  Gethyn  offeryd  to  go  in  his  place,  but  he  will  not  by  no  mene.     Also  I  pray 
yowe  to  se  my  dayes  kept  at  Barry,  for  y"  dayes  must  nede  be  kept  or  ellse  I  must  be  schamyd.     Also  I 
requere  yowe  to  thynke  ou™  my  last  will,  as  my  trust  is  in  yowe  abowe  all  pepull.      Also  astochyng  the 
westment-at  London  there  is  apon  hit  iij  li  [pounds]  whereof  I  payed  a  nobull  in  ernyst ;  Joh'n  de  Bole  kaii 
tell,  he  was  at  the  bargen  makyng  &  William  Jenkyn.     Also  the  Kyng  of  Hungery  hathe  hadde  a  grete  distress 
aponne  Turk"  to  the  nomer  of  xl  thowsande  and  his  sonne  takyn  and  is  w'  Cristen  men,  and  therefore  I  trus' 
to  God  owr  wey  will  be  the  bett".     Also  as  for  yop  absolucion  Tom  Gethyn  bryngethe  hit  home,  by  cause  y' 
porer  y'  a  man  goythe  the  bet"  hit  is,  but  hit  costithe  grete  gode  [a  large  sum],  and  nere  hit  were  [were  it  not] 
for  yor  sowle  his  helthe  hit  schulde  nev'  be  boght  for  me ;  I  hadde  neuer  so  grete  travayle  forno  thyng.     Also 
that  ye  be  gode  maystres  to  Res  De  [Rhys  Du — "the  black  "] ;  he  was  gode  to  me  cc  myle  in  my  feleschepe, 
and  boed  [remained]  behynde  at  the  last  and  meght  not  go.     And  when  I  come  to  Rome  I  met  w1  Thorn  Gethyn 
and  there  he  went  not  fro  me,  but  went  all  the  staciones  w'  me  belt'  then  he  y1  hadde  be  here  vij  yere  to  fore, 
for  he  knewe  evy  place  as  well  w'oute  y*  towne  as  w'yn,  and  bode  here  iiij  dayes  apon  his  cost  to  have  you' 
bull  [of  absolution].     Right  hertely  belowyd  wyfe,  almyhty  IHU  have  yowe  in  his  kepynge ;  and  loke  that  ye 
be  agode  chere  and  prey  for  me,  as  I  trust  to  God  to  pray  for  yowe  ;  for  I  trust  to  God  at  this  ow'  I  am  clene 
to  God  and  to  the  worlde,  as  clene  as  y'  day  I  was  borne. 

"  Wretyn  at  Rome  the  last  day  of  Marche.     Yo' husbonde,  HARRE  STRADLYNG. 

(Addressed)  "To  my  Right  hertely  belowyd  wyfe,  Elyzabethe  Stradlyng." 

The  above  letter  was  printed  in  the  Archaologia,  from  the  autograph  still  in  possession 
of  Col.  G.  G.  Francis,  F.S.A.  It  shows  how  completely  the  magnates  of  that  day  were 
subject  to  the  power  of  the  priesthood,  and  to  ceremonial  conceptions  of  religion.  Of 
Sir  Harry's  morals  we  have  little  account  beyond  what  is  favourably  implied  in  the  tenor  of 
this  letter;  but  some  of  his  immediate  predecessors,  equally  zealous  with  himself  as  pilgrims 
to  Rome,  were  not  always  "  as  clean  to  God  and  to  the  world  as  the  day  they  were  born."  Sir 
Harry  left  a  son,  named  Thomas,  who  m.  Janet,  dau.  of  Thomas  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Raclir 
(who  m.  as  her  second  husband  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  of  Dinefawr),  and  dying  young,  left 
two  sons,  Edward  and  Harry.  The  former  succeeded,  and  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas 
Arundel,  Knt.,  of  Laneyron,  in  Cornwall,  and  had  by  her  four  sons  and  two  daus.  (besides 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  561 

a  number  of  illegitimate  children),  the  heir  being  Thomas,  who  succeeded  on  the  death  of 
his  father  in  1535  ;  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1547-8  ;  knighted  by  Edward  VI.  1549  ; 
Commissioner  for  the  Marches  of  Wales;  M.P.  for  East  Grinstead  ;  Commissioner  for  the 
Suppression  of  Heretics,  under  Elizabeth,  1558.  He  m.  Catherine,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gamage,  of  Coity.  The  building  of  the  Stradling  Chapel  in  St.  Donat's  Church  is  ascribed 
to  him. 

It  was  this  same  Sir  Thomas  Stradling  (State  Papers,  Eliz.,  Vol.  XVII.)  who  was  com- 
mitted to  the  Tower  by  command  of  Elizabeth,  for  the  pretended  "  invention  "  or  discovery 
of  the  form  of  a  cross,  "  rather  longer  than  a  man's  foot,"  in  the  interior  substance  of  a 
tree  on  his  estate  blown  down  in  a  storm.  Sir  Edward,  believing  in  the  miracle,  gets  the 
cross  "  copyed  ; "  our  Lords  of  the  Council,  and  her  dread  Majesty,  hear  of  the  scandal, 
and  Sir  Thomas,  as  a  lesson  in  Protestantism,  is  "  sent  to  the  Tower"  !  From  this  durance, 
he,  the  proud  Lord  of  St.  Donat's,  as  a  beseeching  "  orator"  sends  his  humble  petition  to 
the  Queen's  most  excellent  Majesty,  and  explains  that,  "wher  as  abowte  Est'  1559  certain 
trees  were  cast  down  by  the  wynde  in  a  park  of  your  orator's  in  Wales  amongest  the  whych 
ther  was  one  tree  cloven  in  the  myddes  from  the  top  downe  hard  to  the  grownde  .  .  . 
in  the  very  sape  or  hert  whereof  was  a  picture  of  a  crosse  of  xiiij.  inches  longe,  apparent, 
and  pleyn  to  be  seen,  ...  of  which  crosse  your  orator  made  a  patron  [pattern]  con- 
teyning  the  length,  brede,  and  facion  thereof,  and  bryngeng  the  same  wth  hym  to  London 
caused  iiij  pictures  thereof  to  be  painted.  .  .  .  Yo'r  orator  is  very  sorye  that  he  had  not 
fyrst  fownde  meanes  to  have  made  yo'r  Grace  prevy  therof ;  .  .  .  for  yf  he  had  knowen 
or  thought  that  yo'r  Highnes  or  yo'r  counsell  wolde  have  ben  offendyd  there  wth  or  taken  it 
in  yll  parte,  he  wolde  not  for  any  thing  have  done  it.  And  for  as  moche  as  that  he  dyd 
therein  was  not  don  upon  any  sediciouse  purpose  or  yll  entent,  but  only  of  ignorance,  for  the 
which  he  have  all  redy  susteyned  above  v.  weykes  imp'sonme't,  yo'r  orator  most  humbly 
besecheth  yo'r  mostte  excellent  mac  of  yo'r  accostomed  clemencie  to  bere  wth  hys  ignorance 
therin,"  &c.  Cecil,  the  minister,  who  thought  it  salutary  "  to  punish  massmongers,  for  the 
rebating  of  their  humours,'1  sees  from  these  words  that  his  method  is  succeeding.  But 
there  is  yet  much  questioning  and  careful  inquiry.  A  commission  is  appointed  to  examine 
the  "  tree,"  and  the  part  of  the  tree  is  cut  out  and  sent  up  to  London  !  In  the  end, 
Sir  Thomas  Stradling  is  allowed,  on  his  giving  a  bond  to  forfeit  1,000  marks,  should  he  fail 
to  appear  if  called  upon  before  the  Privy  Council,  to  return  to  his  home  (see  Clark's 
St.  Donat's  Castle,  p.  22).  His  son  and  heir  was — 

Sir  Edward  Stradling,  the  ablest  and  most  eminent  of  his  house,  a  man  of  refined  tastes, 
a  patron  of  Welsh  literature,  and  an  author.  Anthony  a'  Wood  (Athena  Oxon.)  says  of  him 
that  having  been  educated  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  he  travelled  "  in  various  countries, 
spent  some  time  at  Rome,  returned  an  accomplished  gentleman,  and  retiring  to  his  inherit- 
ance, which  was  large,  built  a  firm  structure  on  that  foundation  of  literature  he  had  laid  at 
Oxford  and  elsewhere,  .  .  .  was  at  the  charge  of  such  herculean  works  for  the  public 
good  that  no  man  in  his  time  went  beyond  him  for  his  singular  knowledge  in  the  British 
language  and  antiquities,  for  his  eminent  encouragement  of  learning  and  learned .  men,  and 
for  his  great  expense  and  indefatigable  industry  in  collecting  together  several  ancient  manu- 
scripts of  learning  and  antiquity,  all  which,  with  other  books,  were  reduced  into  a  well-ordered 
library  at  St.  Donat's,  to  the  great  credit  and  renown  of  the  family.  He  writ  a  Welsh 


5&2  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Grammar  mostly  in  Latin.  He  wrote  also  the  conquest  of  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan  by 
Morganwg,  with  other  pieces,  and  having  m.  Agnes,  dau.  to  Sir  Edward  Gage,  of  Firle,  in 
Sussex,  paid  his  last  debt  to  nature  15th  May,  1609."  He  was  sheriff  three  times,  and  was 
builder  of  the  sea  wall  at  St.  Donat's.  A  collection  of  letters  addressed  to  him  was  published 
by  the  late  antiquary,  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Traherne.  Dying  s.  p.  in  1609  in  his  eightieth  year, 
he  was  succeeded  by  his  kinsman, — 

Sir  John  Stradling,  ist  Bart.,  son  of  Francis,  son  of  Henry,  grandson  of  the  Sir  Harry  who 
was  captured  by  the  pirates,  and  wrote  the  interesting  letter  to  his  "  right  hertely  belowyd 
wyfe  "  which  we  have  given.  Sir  John  was  also  a  man  of  some  literary  tastes.  He  graduated 
at  Oxford  1583,  "being  then  accounted  a  miracle  for  his  forwardness  in  learning  and 
pregnancy  of  parts"  (Wood).  He  travelled  abroad,  was  cr.  a  baronet  1611,  and  settled  at 
St.  Donat's.  He  published  a  volume  of  Latin  epigrams,  Beati  Pacifici,  1623  ;  and  "Divine 
Poems  "  in  seven  several  classes,  "  written  to  King  Charles  I."  He  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
Edward,  son  of  Sir  Edward  Gage  of  Firle  (and  niece  of  Agnes,  the  last  Sir  Edward's  wife), 
and  had  a  numerous  family.  His  death  took  place  1637,  when  his  eldest  son, — 

Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Kt.,  and  2nd  Bart,  of  St.  Donat's,  succeeded  to  the  estates.  He 
was  a  colonel  in  the  army  of  Charles  I.,  for  whom  he  and  his  brothers  fought  with  entire 
devotion.  At  Edgehill  he  was  taken  prisoner.  His  wife  was  Mary,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas 
Mansel  of  Margam.  Sir  Edward  d.  1644,  and  was  buried  at  Oxford  in  the  chapel  of  Jesus 
College.  His  eldest  son, — 

Sir  Edward  Stradling,  3rd  Bart.,  was  a  staunch  and  active  soldier  in  the  army  of  Charles  I. 
He  brought  a  troop  of  horse  of  his  own  to  aid  the  king  at  Newbury,  and  after  the  disaster  of 
that  day  retired  to  Oxford  (as  his  father  had  done  after  the  battle  of  Edgehill),  and  there 
died  of  consumption,  it  is  said  before  his  father.  He  had  m.  Catherine,  dau.  of  Sir  Hugh 
Perry,  and  wife  afterwards  of  Bussey  Mansel  of  Breton  Ferry.  Their  eldest  son, — 

Sir  Edward  Stradling,  4th  Bart,  M.P.  for  Cardiff  1698,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Anthony 
Hungerford,  Esq.,  and  had  several  sons,  of  whom  the  eldest,  Edward,  inherited  the  title  and 
estates  as  6th  Bart.;  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1710,  M.P.  for  Cardiff  1714 — 1722;  m. 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Mansel  of  Margam,  by  whom  he  had  issue  several  children, 
who  all  died  young.  The  property  and  title  descended  to  his  brother, — 

Sir  Thomas  Stradling,  6th  Earl,  who  d.  unmarried  1738,  in  his  twenty-eighth  year,  when 
the  title  and  line  of  Stradling  became  extinct.  His  estates  passed  to  Bussy,  Lord  Mansel,  for 
the  term  of  his  life,  and  thereafter  became  the  subject  of  prolonged  litigation,  which  ended 
in  ample  benefit  to  the  lawyers,  and  a  settlement  by  authority  of  Parliament  by  which  they 
were  divided  into  four  portions:  (i)  St.  Donat's  and  Sully,  which  fell  to  the  share  of  Sir 
John  Tyrwhit,  Bart.,  "by  virtue  of  a  deed  entered  into  between  Sir  Thomas  and  Sir  John 
during  their  travels  in  foreign  countries  "  (Jenkin's  MS.).  (2)  Merthyr  Mawr  and  Monknash 
were  allotted  to  Hugh  Bowen  of  Kittle  Hill,  grandson,  on  the  mother's  side,  of  Sir  Edward 
Stradling.  This  portion  was  divided  between  him  and  his  eldest  son,  George.  (3)  Penlline, 
Llamphey,  and  Cwmhawey  in  Somerset  fell  to  Louisa  Barbara  Mansel,  dau.  and  h.  of  Bussy 
Mansel  of  Briton  Ferry,  "  by  virtue  of  a  deed  made  by  Sir  Thomas  Stradling  to  his  first 
cousin,  the  said  Bussy  Mansel,  afterwards  Lord  Mansel."  She  m.  George  Venables  Vernon, 
cr.  Lord  Vernon.  (4)  St.  Athan's  estate  was  sold  to  pay  the  lawyers. 

The  arms  of   the  Stradlings  were— Paly   of  eight  arg.    and  az.,  an  a  bend  gu.    three 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  563 

cinqttefoils  or.     The  ancient  crest — A  pelican  rising  or;   the  modern  crest — A  stag  courant, 
collared  arg.,  attired  and  ungnled  or. 

The  present  owner,  by  purchase,  of  St.  Donat's  Castle,  claims  to  be  the  nearest  repre- 
sentative living  of  this  eminent  family.     (See  Nicfwll-Carne  of  St.  Donat's  Castle.) 


.    Le  Fleming  of  St.  George  and  Flemingston. 

The  first  of  this  family  in  Glamorgan  was  Sir  John  le  Fleming,  on  whom  Fitzhamon  is 
said  to  have  bestowed  the  manors  of  St.  George,  Wenvoe,  Flemingston,  Llanmaes,  &c.  His 
wife  was  Amicia,  dau.  of  Baldwin  Magnus,  Lord  of  Whitney.  He  had  a  younger  son, 
called  by  the  Welsh  Fleming  melyn,  "  the  yellow,"  to  whom  he  gave  the  manors  of  Fleming- 
ston and  Constantine  Walks,  "  which  continued  in  his  descendants  until,  on  failure  of  issue 
male,  William  Fleming  sold  the  estate  to  Lewis  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Bettws." 

Sir  John  Fleming's  eldest  son,  Sir  William  Fleming,  succeeded  him  in  the  lordships  of 
St.  George,  Wenvoe,  and  Llanmaes.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  II.,  under  the  younger  Hugh 
Despencer,  a  Sir  William  Fleming  was  in  possession  of  these  lands.  He  was  executed  at 
Cardiff,  because,  as  some  say,  he  had,  as  sheriff  of  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan,  unjustly  con- 
demned Llewelyn  Bren,  of  Senghenydd,  to  death.  He  was  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  Grey 
Friars,  "  outside  the  north  gate  of  the  town  of  Cardiff." 

•  After  the  time  of  this  Sir  William,  the  inheritance,  in  the  absence  of  issue  male,  descended 
to  his  dau.,  who  m.  Edmund  Malifant,  of  Pembrokeshire,  whose  descendants  enjoyed  it  till 
the  time  of  Henry  VII.,  when  Edmond  Malifant,  who  had  m.  a  dau.  of  Sir  Matthew 
Cradock,  d.  without  issue,  and  the  estate  fell  to  John  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven,  who  had  m. 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William  Fleming,  and  after  the  death,  s.  p.,  of  their  descendant,  John 
Butler,  Esq.,  both  estates  fell  te  Walter  Vaughan,  Esq.,  who  had  m.  Joan,  dau.  and  h.  of  the 
said  John  Butler  (see  Vaughan  of  Dunraven}. 

The  Fleming  escutcheon  bore — Az.,  three  crescents  inter  seven  crosses  or. 


Fleming  of  Monkton. 

This  branch  of  the  family  sprung  from  Thomas  Fleming  (second  son  of  Richard  Fleming, 
of  Flemingston),  and  Catherine  his  wife,  dau.  of  James  Turberville,  of  Tythegston.  James 
Fleming,  Esq.,  of  Monkton,  their  son,  m.  Ann,  dau.  of  Howel  Carne,  jun.,  of  Nash,  whose 
son,  Rees  Fleming,  Esq.,  of  Monkton,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Richard  Lougher,  of  Tythegston, 
and  had  a  son,  also  called  Rees  Fleming,  of  Monkton,  whose  wife  was  Mary,  dau.  of  Rees 
Williams  of  Sully.  The  family  continued  at  Monkton  for  several  generations  further. 


Fleming  of  Penlhne  and  Swansea. 
This  family  sprung  from  Richard,  a  younger  son  of  Sir  William  Fleming,  of  St.  George, 


564  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

who  was  himself  the  heir  of  the  first  Le  Fleming  of  the  Conquest.  A  son  or  grandson  of 
Richard,  Thomas  Fleming  is  the  first  we  have  found  as  "  of  Penlline."  He  m.  Angharad, 
dau.  of  Jenkin  ap  Richard  ap  Jenkin  ap  Richard  Fawr  ;  and  his  son,  John  Fleming,  of 
Penlline,  m.  Mayzod,  dau.  of  Walter  ap  William  ap  Hopkin  ap  David  ap  David  Ddu,  said 
in  one  MS.  to  be  "a  conjuror."  His  son, — 

William  Fleming,  is  called,  not  of  Penlline,  but  of  Swansea.  By  his  wife,  Sage,  dau. 
and  co-h.  of  Hugh  David  ap  Meredith,  of  Nicholaston  Hall,  he  had  a  son  and  successor, 
Henry,  "  of  Wimlod,  Recorder,"  &c.,  who  m.  Alice,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Jenkin  Dawkin,  of 
Gellihir.  Their  son,  William,  m.  a  dau.  and  h.  of  Nicholas  Evans,  of  Llangenech,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  Evan  Fleming,  whose  wife  was  a  dau.  of  the  celebrated  Thomas 
Evans  of  Peterwell,  Card,  (living  1661),  and  had  issue;  but  we  have  no  means  of 
further  tracing  the  succession.  In  the  list  of  Portreeves  and  Mayors  of  Swansea  the  name 
of  William  Fleminge  occurs  for  1601,  Henry  Fleminge  for  1613,  and  the  same  for  1624. 
These  were  in  all  likelihood  the  above-named  William  and  Henry. 


De  St.  Quintin  of  Llanblethian  (Llanbleiddiati). 

Sir  Robert  de  St.  Quintin,  who  became  possessed  of  the  lordship  of  Llanblethian  under 
Fitzhamon,  is  said  to  have  been  grandson  of  the  knight  Sir  Herbert  de  St.  Quintin,  who 
came  in  the  train  of  William  to  the  conquest  of  England,  and  whose  name  occurs  in  the 
Roll  of  Battle  Abbey.  He  was  of  the  province  of  Picardy,  after  the  chief  town  of  which, 
St.  Quintin,  he  was  called.  Sir  Robert  erected  the  castle  at  Llanblethian  (Bleiddian)  whicli 
in  after  times  went  by  his  name.  His  gr.  grandson, — 

Sir  Herbert  St.  Quintin,  was  summoned  as  a  baron  to  a  parlement  held  by  Edward  I. 
A.D.  1294,  "  but  never  afterwards;  and  for  the  reason  that  that  writ  cannot  be  considered 
as  a  regular  summons  to  parliament,  and  consequently  that  there  never  was  such  a  barony, 
although  the  Earls  of  Pembroke,  whose  ancestors  married  the  heir  general  of  this  Herbert 
de  St.  Quintin,  styled  themselves  barons  of  St.  Quintin"  (Nicolas,  Synop.  of  Peerage).  With 
this  Herbert,  who  left  no  son,  the  name  of  St.  Quintin  ceased,  and  his  estates  fell  to  his 
two  daus.,  one  of  whom,  Elizabeth,  d.  s.  p. ;  the  other,  Laura,  by  her  third  husband, 
Sir  Robert  Grey,  of  Rotherfield,  had  an  only  dau.  and  heiress,  Elizabeth,  whose  son  William 
(by  Lord  Fitzhugh)  m.  Margery,  dau.  of  William,  Lord  Willoughby  d'Eresby,  and  left  a 
son,  Henry,  whose  wife  was  Alice  Neville,  dau.  of  Richard,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  by  whom  he 
left  with  other  issue  Elizabeth,  who  m.  Sir  William  Parr,  Knt,  and  had  (besides  an  elder 
son,  Lord  Parr)  Sir  Thomas  Parr,  who  left  a  son  William,  Marquis  of  Northampton, 
Katherine  Parr,  sixth  wife  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  Anne  Parr,  who  m.  William  Herbert,  Earl 
of  Pembroke.  Anne,  being  co-h.  with  her  brother,  brought  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  the 
lordship  of  Llanblethian,  which  from  that  time  has  formed  part  of  the  estates  of  the  Lords 
of  Glamorgan. 

The  St.  Quintin  arms  were— Or,  three  chevrons  gu.  on  a  chief  arg.,  afesse  wavy. 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF   GLAMORGAN.  565 

De  Syward  of  Talyfan. 

Sir  Richard  Syward,  who  on  the  partition  of  Glamorgan  between  the  knights  received  as 
his  share  the  lordship  of  Talyfan,  is  not  known  to  have  been  a  "  Norman,"  but  bore  a  name 
which  betrays  rather  a  Saxon  origin — Se-weard  (sea- watchman).  It  may  well  be  believed 
that  Fitzhamon  had  many  English  in  his  train,  for  we  know  that  he  had  even  many  Welsh, 
led  by  such  chieftains  as  Einion  ap  Cadivor  ap  Collwyn. 

The  lordship  of  Talyfan  lay  contiguous  to  that  of  Miskin,  and  De  Syward  is  said  in  some 
of  the  earlier  books  to  have  been  given,  along  with  Talyfan,  "  the  ancient  burgh  of  Pontfaen 
(Cowbridge).  The  word  Tal-y-fan  is  almost  tautological,  conveying  strongly  the  meaning  of 
an  elevated  place  or  land,  which  was  perhaps  the  character  of  the  region.  Tal  is  an  ancient 
Welsh  vocable  signifying  "  head,"  and  ban  expresses  prominence,  height,  so  that  Tal-y-fan 
would  mean  the  top  of  the  high  place  or  land. 

It  is  believed  that  the  issue  male  of  Richard  de  Syward  continued  in  possession  of  this 
lordship  until  the  time  of  Edward  III.,  when  the  heir  then  in  possession,  according  to  Sir 
Edward  Stradling's  account,  sold  it  to  Despencer,  the  then  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  and  went  to 
reside  upon  property  which  the  family  had  in  Somerset. 

The  arms  ascribed  to  the  Sywards  were — Arg.,  a  cross  flory,fitch'ee,  sa. 


Le  Sore  of  Peter ston  and  St.  Pagan's. 

This  family  was  founded  by  Sir  Peter  le  Sore,  after  whom  the  lordship  of  Peterston,  given 
him  by  Fitzhamon,  was  named.  His  descendants  in  the  male  line  are  said  to  have 
continued  to  enjoy  it  until  the  time  of  Henry  IV.,  when  the  line  ceased,  and  the  inheritance 
fell  to  several  relatives.  The  lordship  of  St.  Pagan's  went  to  the  Veales,  and  remained  in 
that  family  "  until  Alice  Veale,  the  heiress,  married  David  Mathew,  who  had  four  daughters, 
between  whom  the  lordships  of  St.  Pagan's  and  Llysworney  were  divided  "  (Jenkin's  MS.). 

Alexander  le  Sore  and  Henry  le  Sore  "  were  witnesses  to  old  deeds  to  the  effect  that 
Peter  le  Veal  was  Lord  of  St.  Pagan's.  This  was  at  a  time  when  no  dates  were  used  "  (#.). 
Sir  Mayo,  Morys,  or  Matthew  Sore,  was  contemporary  with  Ifor  Hael  and  Dafydd  ap  Gvvilym 
(fourteenth  century).  It  is  said  that  Sir  Mayo  came  into  collision  with  Owen  Glyndwr  when 
that  chieftain  overran  Glamorgan  (A.D.  1402),  and  that  Owen  "cut  off  his  head;"  and 
tradition  has  reported  that  a  skull  long  preserved  in  Peterston  Church  was  the  skull  of  Sir 
Mayo  le  Sore.  The  property  was  now  divided  between  co-heiresses. 

The  arms  ascribed  to  the  Le  Sores  were — Quarterly :  or  and  gu.,  in  the  first  canton,  a 
lion  passant  az. 


De  Sully  of  Sully. 

Sir  Reginald  de  Sully  received  the  lordship  of  Sully  as  his  share  of  the  lands  of  Glamorgan 
when  conquered  by  Robert  Fitzhamon.     The  Sullys,  however,  were  not  of  long  continuance, 


566  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

the  male  line  having  become  extinct  in  the  time  of  Edward  I.,  when  the  heiress  of  the  estate 
became  wife  of  Sir  Thomas  de  Avan,  Lord  of  Avan,  a  descendant  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant. 
His  grandson,  Sir  Thomas  de  Avan,  left  an  only  daughter,  Jane,  who  m.  Sir  William  Blunt, 
who  exchanged  the  lordships  of  Avan  and  Sully  with  Gilbert  de  Clare  for  lands  in  England. 
From  him  the  Blunts  of  Shropshire  were  descended. 

In  the  "Neath  Register,"  according  to  D.  Jenkin's  MS.  (p.  217),  the  names  occur  of  Sir 
Walter  de  Sully,  Kt,  Rumund  de  Sully,  and  Meyfick  de  Sully;  but  no  intimation  is 
conveyed  whether  this  register  had  belonged  to  Neath  Abbey,  or  of  the  place  where  it  was 
deposited. 

The  Sullys  are  said  to  have  borne — Ermine,  three  chevrons  gu. 

Such  is  the  account  available  of  the  Barones  Minores  who  are  held  to  have  shared  under 
Robert  Fitzhamon  the  lands  of  Glamorgan.  Some  of  them  continued  long  and  flourished, 
identifying  themselves  by  degrees  more  fully  with  the  people  whom  they  had  overthrown, 
intermarrying  with  them,  learning  their  language,  adopting  their  customs,  and  forming  at  last 
an  undistinguishable  part  of  their  body.  The  Turbervilles  began  this  wise  and  far-seeing 
policy.  The  Stradlings  continued  it  longest,  and  won  thereby  such  commanding  influence 
that  their  fame  and  power  in  the  county  even  eclipsed  those  of  some  of  the  lords  in  chief  of 
Glamorgan.  The  day  of  others  was  short,  their  power  small.  In  most  cases  their  line  ceased 
and  their  estates  were  dissipated.  In  others  they  felt  themselves  as  strangers  among  a  people 
whose  sense  of  wrong  recoiled  from  them,  and  sought  home  and  rest  on  the  other  side  the 
Severn.  But  in  our  day  not  a  trace  of  any  of  them  remains  !  The  name  of  Turbervill  still 
survives  at  Ewenny,  representing  not  a  direct  but  a  circuitous  maternal  descent ;  and 
similarly  the  blood  of  the  Stradlings  is  still  represented  at  St.  Donat's.  The  race  of  the 
vanquished,  according  to  an  indefeasible  law,  has  in  the  long  run  proved  victorious,  and  the 
intrusive  race  has  virtually  vanished  from  the  soil. 

There  remain  to  be  mentioned  other  families,  not  strictly  numbered  among  the  minor 
lords  of  Glamorgan,  but  of  greater  power,  and  equally  of  the  so-called  "  Norman  "  type. 
Among  these  the  Carnages  of  Coity  Castle  hold  distinguished  prominence. 


Gamage  of  Coity   Castle. 

In  the  section  on  "  Antiquities,"  under  Coity  Castle,  some  account  has  already  been  given 
of  this  important  family  and  their  entrance  upon  that  estate.  The  Carnages,  before  their 
settlement  by  marriage  at  Coity,  were  seated  at  Rogiad,  or  Roggiatt,  in  Monmouthshire. 
They  were  of  Norman  descent,  but  of  later  introduction  into  Wales  than  the  age  of  Fitzha 
mon's  conquest  of  Glamorgan.  Godfrey  de  Gamaches,  of  the  ville  or  castle  of  Gamaches,  in 
Viscin,  near  Rouen,  Normandy,  received  from  Henry  II.,  A.D.  1159,  a  grant  of  lands  in 
Hottesdon,  co.  Salop,  and  from  Richard  I.  land  in  Marnshall  in  the  same  county.  He 
inherited  also  two  knights'  fees  in  the  county  of  Hereford  under  the  Lacys.  He  d.  before 
1176.  His  eldest  son,  Matthew,  settled  in  Normandy,  and  his  second  son,  William  de 
Gamage,  inherited  the  English  estates  of  Mansel  Gamage,  county  Hereford,  Gamage  Hall  in 
Dimock,  and  other  lands  in  the  county  of  Gloucester.  He  was  keeper  of  Ludlow  Castle, 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  567 

and  d.  before  A.D.  1240.     From  William  descended  Sir  Pain  de  Gamage,  Lord  of  Rogiad, 
Mon.,  and  Sir  Robert  Gamage  of  the  same  place,  whose  eldest  son  was — 

William  Gamage,  of  Rogiad,  who,  as  already  shown,  m.  Sara,  or  Assar,  dau.  and  co  -h.  of 
Pain  de  Turberville  of  that  place,  whose  ancestor  had  m.,  in  the  time  of  Fitzhamon,  the  dau. 
and  h.  of  Morgan  ap  Meurig,  of  the  line  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant.  William  Gamage  was  Sheriff 
of  Gloucestershire  A.D.  1325. 

Gilbert  Gamage,  son  of  William,  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Sir  William  Gamage,  who  on 
the  death  of  his  kinsman,  Sir  Laurence  Berkerolles  of  St.  Athan's,  succeeded  to  the  lordship 
of  Coity  (see  Coity  Castle}.  He  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas  Rodburgh,  and  had  issue — 

Thomas  Gamage,  of  Coity  and  Rogiad,  who  m.  Matilda,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Dennis  ;  and  a 
dau.,  Margaret,  who  m.  Sir  Richard  de  la  Bere,  of  Weobly  and  Molton,  in  Gower,  who 
received  for  services  on  the  field  of  Cressy  a  crest,  "five  ostrich  feathers  issuing  from  a 
ducal  coronet."  Thomas  Gamage  was  succeeded  by  his  son — 

John  Gamage,  of  Coity,  who  m.  Margaret,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Morgan  Llewellyn  ap  Evan 
ap  Llewellyn,  of  Radir,  and  had  a  son  and  heir  named  Morgan,  who  by  his  wife  Elinor,  dau. 
of  Sir  Roger  Vaughan,  of  Tretower  (Tre'rtwr),  Brec.,  half-brother  to  William,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  had,  besides  his  son  and  successor  Thomas,  six  daus., — Elizabeth,  who  m.  first 
John  Stradling,  and  afterwards  John  Price  of  Glyn  Nedd  ;  Margaret,  m.  first  Jenkin  Thomas 
of  Llanfihangel,  and  secondly  James  Turberville  of  Llantwit  Major ;  Jane,  m.  Sir  William 
Bawdrip  of  Penmark ;  Ann,  m.  Robert  Raglan  of  Llantwit ;  Catherine,  m.  first  Reginald 
Powell  of  Perth-hir,  co.  Monmouth ;  secondly  William  Stanton  of  Horningham,  Wilts,  by 
whom  she  had  a  son  William  and  three  daus. ;  Gwenllian,  m.  Thomas  ap  Meurig. 

Sir  Thomas  Gamage,  son  of  Morgan,  m.,  first,  Margaret,  dau.  of  Sir  John  St.  John  of 
Fonmon  Castle,  Glam.,  and  Bletsoe  Park,  by  a  dau.  of  Morgan  Jenkin  Philip  of  Pencoed 
Castle,  Mon.,  paternally  descended  from  Gruffydd  ap  Bleddyn,  Lord  of  Cilsant ;  secondly, 
Joyce,  dau.  of  Sir  Richard  Croft.  By  Margaret  St.  John,  Sir  Thomas  had  issue  Robert; 
John ;  Edward ;  Catherine,  m.  Sir  Thomas  Stradling  of  St.  Donat's  Castle ;  Mary,  m. 
Matthew  Herbert  of  Swansea  and  Cogan  Pill ;  Margaret,  m.  William  Howard,  Lord  Howard 
of  Effingham,  and  had  issue  Charles,  Earl  of  Nottingham,  commander  against  the  Spanish 
,  Armada,  Sir  William  Howard,  of  Lingfield,  and  others  (Dugd.,  n,  278).  She  d.  igth  May, 
1581.  Lord  Wm.  Howard  d.  nth  January,  1572-3.  Elizabeth  m.  Richard  Wogan,  Esq. , 
of  Wiston  and  Boulston,  co.  Pembroke;  secondly,  Jenkin  Gvvyn.  Sir  Thomas's  eldest 
son, — 

Robert  Gamage,  m.  Joan,  dau.  of  Philip  Champernon,  of  Darlington,  and  had  issue 
(besides  his  eldest  son,  John)  Thomas,  m.  Joan,  dau.  of  William  ap  Thomas  Vaughan ; 
Margaret,  m.  Miles  Mathevv  of  Llandaff, — secondly,  Thomas  Lewis  of  Van,  living  1583, — 
thirdly,  Captain  Herbert  of  Cardiff;  Elinor,  m.  William  Lewis  of  St.  Pierre,  co.  Monmouth, 
1583  ;  Elizabeth  (Ann  or  Catherine),  m.  Watkin  Lougher  of  Tythegston,  Sheriff  for 
Glamorgan  in  1635  (see  Sheriffs);  Joyce,  m.  John  Gwyn,  Llandilo,  co.  Carmarthen; 
and  Joan. 

John  Gamage  m.  Gwenllian,  dau.  and  h.  of  Sir  Thomas  ap  Jenkin  Powell  of  Glyn-Ogwr, 

and  had  issue  Barbara,  sole  heiress,  b.   1562,  m.,  in  or  before  1584,  Sir  Robert  Sydney, 

second  son  of  Sir  Henry  Sydney  of  Penshurst,  Kent,  and  next  brother  to  the  accomplished 

Sir  Philip  Sydney  ;  he  was  nephew  to  the  Earls  of  Leicester  and  Warwick,  and  was  the  first 

t 


568  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Earl  of  Leicester  of  the  Sydney  line  (cr.  1618).  Barbara  Gamage,  the  last  of  this  line 
(Countess  of  Leicester),  was  grandmother  of  the  celebrated  Algernon  Sydney,  son  of  Sir 
Robert  Sydney  of  Coity,  second  Earl  of  Leicester  (succ.  1626),  who  was  beheaded  in  the  reign 
of  Charles  II.  The  title  in  the  Sydney  line  became  extinct  on  the  death  of  Jocelyne,  seventh 
earl,  A.D.  1743.  (See  further  Coity  Castle^ 

The  Gamage  arms,  as  given  by  Sir  Robert  Atkyns,  are— Arg.,  five  fusils  in  bend  gu.,  on  a 
chief  az.  three  escallops  or. 


Gamage  of  Abergarw. 

Edward  Gamage,  son  of  John  Gamage,  parson  of  St.  Bride's  Minor,  was  parson  of 
Llanharry,  and  the  fourth  in  lineal  descent  from  Sir  Thomas  Gamage  of  Coity  Castle,  being 
grandson  of  Thomas,  the  second  son  of  Robert  and  Joan  Champernon,  his  wife.  He  m. 
Mary,  dau.  of  John  Jenkin  Turberville  of  Abergarw,  and  had  issue  John ;  Mary,  m.  Morgan 
ap  Llewellyn  of  Derllwyn. 

John  Gamage  m.  Martha,  dau.  of  Thomas  Lougher  of  Cornelau,  and  had  John,  a  vicar, 
m.  in  co.  Derby  ;  Edward,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Benjamin  Watkins,  Court  Colman  ;  Thomas,  m. 
Ruth,  dau.  of  Thomas  Mathew,  Cefn  Gorwydd,  in  Gower ;  Ann,  m.  John  James,  St.  Bride's ; 
Sarah,  married — 

John  Thomas,  parson  of  Coity  ;  whence  descend  the  Thomases  of  Caldicot,  co.  Monmouth. 
John  Thomas,  and  Sarah  Gamage,  his  wife,  had  issue  John  and  Edward. 

John  Thomas  was  incumbent  of  South  Petherton  and  Ilminster,  co.  Somerset.  He  m. 
the  widow  of —  Prouse,  Esq.,  barrister-at-law,  but  left  no  issue. 

Edward  Thomas  was  Rector  of  St.  Bride's  Minor,  co.  Glamorgan,  and  Vicar  of  Caldicot, 
co.  Monmouth ;  had  issue  by  his  wife,  Ann  Lloyd,  Theresa ;  Edward,  Vicar  of  Llangwm  ; 
James,  of  Mount  St.  Alban's;  Samuel,  brought  up  to  the  law;  John,  d.  young  in  London  ; 
Ann,  and  William. 


The  Gamage  Family  in  America. 

A  branch  of  the  Gamage  family  settled  in  Northamptonshire  traced  their  descent  lineally 
from  Sir  Thomas  Gamage  of  Coity.  From  this  branch  descended  the  Rev.  Smith  Percy 
Gamage,  LL.D.,  and  his  brother,  Henry  Gamage.  The  former  was,  during  the  American 
war,  a  chaplain  in  the  U.S.  army. 

Some  of  the  family  had  also  migrated  to  the  New  World  at  an  early  period  in  company 
with  their  kinsman,  Lord  Effingham,  when  he  was  Governor  of  Virginia ;  others  joined  the 
famous  Duke  of  Marlborough,  and  under  him  held  high  positions  both  in  the  army  and  navy. 
Joseph  or  John  Gamage  received  a  grant  of  land  from  the  Crown  at  Brixvvorth,  Northampton- 
shire, for  distinguished  service  in  the  army  :  his  descendants  are  still  living  in  New 
England,  some  of  whom  held  high  positions  in  the  army  and  navy  during  the  War  of 
Independence,  and  were  in  the  great  battle  of  Bunker's  Hill.  Samuel  Gamage  was  lieu- 

f 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  569 

tenant  on  board  the  Dunn  frigate.  He  was  a  man  of  enduring  courage,  of  acknowledged 
worth  and  virtue,  unflinching  in  his  adherence  to  the  cause  of  civil  and  religious  liberty.  His 
brother,  Dr.  William  Gamage,  born  at  Cambridge,  New  England,  1748,  was  an  eminent 
physician  in  his  native  town,  and  secured  both  fame  and  fortune. 

Capt.  John  Gamage,  "a  self-made,  noble-minded  man,  trusting  in  Providence,  constructed 
his  own  fortune,  and  engaged  heartily  and  courageously  in  the  great  struggle  for  American 
independence."  He  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  revolution  on  board  the  Yankee  Hero  by 
H.M.S.  Milford,  and  imprisoned  for  twelve  months  on  board  H.M.S.  Renown,  Capt.  Banks 
commander.  "He  died  in  1824,  laden  with  years  and  honours.  It  is  only  recently  that  his 
two  aged  sons  and  a  daughter,  all  verging  on  ninety,  followed  their  eminent  parent  to  the 
land  of  rest—'  the  land  o'  the  leal.' " 

Several  members  of  the  Gamage  family  graduated  at  Harvard  College.  The  house  in 
which  the  family  lived  at  Cambridge  is  still  called  "  Gamage  House." 


Butler  of  Dunraven. 

That  this  family,  which  resided  for  some  ten  generations  at  Dunraven,  i.e.,  from  the 
eleventh  to  the  fourteenth  century,  was  of  Norman  origin  is  probable  both  from  the  name 
(Botteler)  and  from  their  relation  to  De  Londres,  the  preceding  lord  of  the  place.  The 
lordship  was  a  part  of  the  lands  acquired  by  William  cle  Londres  on  the  conquest  of 
Glamorgan  by  Fitzhamon  and  his  companion  knights.  The  Caradoc  Brut  informs  us  that 
"  William  de  Londres,  Lord  of  Ogmore  (Ogwr),  won  the  lordships  of  Cydweli  and  Carn- 
wyllion  from  the  Welsh,  and  gave  the  castle  and  manor  of  Dunraven  to  his  servant,  Sir 
Arnold  Butler."  A  lord's  "servant"  in  those  days  was  a  knight,  and  the  origin  of  Butler  may 
have  been  quite  as  good,  though  his  fortune  was  not  quite  so  prosperous,  as  that  o 
De  Londres.  The  Butlers  married  well,  and  extended  in  their  alliances  as  far  as  Pembroke- 
shire. 

Sir  Arnold  Butler  was  succeeded  (temp.  Henry  I.)  by  his  son  Pierce,  and  he  by  his  son, — 

Sir  John  Butler,  Kt,  of  Dunraven,  who  m.  Isabel,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Sir  Robert  de 
Cantelupe,  "  Lord  of  Cantleston,  in  Glamorgan."  He  had  a  son,  John,  not  styled  a  knight, 
who  m.  a  dau.  of  Sir  David  de  la  Bere,  Kt.,  and  left  a  son, — 

John  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven,  who  »/.  Isabel,  dau.  of  Sir  William  Fleming  (see  Fleming 
of  St.  George),  and  had  issue  John  Butler,  his  heir,  who  m.  Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Tomkin 
(Thomas)  Turberville,  Esq.  His  son, — 

John  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven,  m.  a  dau.  of  Sir  John  Wogan,  Kt,  of  Wiston,  Pembroke- 
shire, and  had  two  sons,  Thomas  and  John.  The  latter  (circa  1550)  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  and 
h.  of  Philip  Percival,  Esq.,  of  Coedgantlas  (now  Coedcenlas),  Pemb.,  where  he  afterwards 
resided  ;  and  the  former  and  elder  son  and  h.  (see  Butler  of  Coedganlas), — 

Thomas  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven,  m.  a  dau.  of  David  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Radir.  His 
son  and  successor,  John  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven,  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  John  Bassett,  Esq., 
of  Beaupre,  and  had  a  son,  Arnold  Butler,  who  m.  Sibylla,  dau.  of.  Sir  John  Mon. 
nington,  Kt.,  and  had  issue,  but  all  d.  vit.  fat.  (see  Note),  and  a  dau., — 


570  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Joan,  or  as  some  say,  Ann  Butler,  heiress  of  Dunraven,  who  m.  Sir  Richard  Vaughan,  Kt., 
of  Bredwardine,  and  had  issue.  (See  Vaugltan  of  Dunraven.~)  The  senior  line  of  Butler  of 
Dunraven  was  now  extinct,  but  the  junior  branch  continued  some  short  time  longer  in 
Pembrokeshire. 

Arms  of  Butler  of  Dunraven, — Az.,  three  cups  or,  with  three  covers  m<er  them. 

Note. — In  the  valuable  MS.  volume  of  pedigrees  in  the  possession  of  Joseph  Joseph,  Esq., 
F.S.A.,  drawn  up  by  "  J.  H."  about  A.D.  1720  (as  determined  by  internal  evidence,  p.  n  et 
pass.\  the  following  mem.  occurs  respecting  the  last  Arnold  Butler's  household : — "  The 
sons  and  daughter  of  this  Arnold  Butler  of  Dunraven,  with  other  young  men,  went  in  a  boat 
to  the  Skut  Sker,  near  Ogmoore,  for  pleasure,  but  being  careless  in  fastening  the  boat  it  ran 
adrift,  so  that  they  were  all  drowned ;  and  after  the  death  of  the  said  Arnold,  the  estate  of 
Butler  of  Dunraven,  &c.  (and  Fleming's  lordship  of  St.  George,  which  fell  to  John  Butler), 
descended  all  to  Walter  Vaughan  of  Bradwardine,  Esq.,  as  next  heir  to  his  uncle,  A.  B. ;  all 
which  happened  about  the  time  of  Queen  Mary." 

"  As  for  the  Buttlers  of  Southerdown,  and  others  of  the  same  family  in  St.  Bride's  and 
elsewhere,  they  say  they  came  of  the  younger  sons  of  the  above  said  Jenkin  Butler,  but  their 
pedigree  as  well  as  some  others  have  been  neglected." 


Carne  of  Nash ;    Car  fie  of  Ewenny. 
For  the  genealogy  of  the  Carnes  see  Nicholl- Carne  of  St.  Donafs. 

Mansel  of  Margam. 

The  family  of  Mansel  is  not  extinct.  The  Mansels  of  Carmarthenshire  will  be  found 
under  that  county.  For  the  Mansels  of  Margam  and  Penrice  see  Margam  Abbey,  Penrice 
Castle,  and  Mansel-Talbot  of  Marram. 

The  Herberts. 

For  this  important  and  numerous  family,  see,  among  the  Lords  of  Glamorgan,  Herbert, 
Earl  of  Pembroke;  Bute,  Marquis  of.  The  Herberts  are  also  found  in  Powis  Castle, 
Montgomery,  Rhaglan,  Colebrook,  Crick/towel,  Havod  Ychtryd,  Cogan,  Swansea,  &c. 

The  Bassetts. 

This  family,  although  of  early  introduction  into  Glamorgan,  is  not  extinct.  Its  origin  and 
history  will  be  found  under  Beaupre  Castle  and  Basset  of  Beaupre. 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  571 

Other  families  of  Norman  origin  in  the  county  of  Glamorgan,  almost  all  long  ago  extinct, 
were  the  following  (compare  Meyrick,  Morganix  Archeeogr.;  Golden  Grove  MS.;  Glamorgan 
Pedigrees,  from  MS.  of  Sir  Isaac  Heard,  Kt.,  ed.  by  Sir  Thos.  Phillipps,  Bart.,  1845  ; 
D.  Jenkin's  MS.  ;  Lewys  Dvvnn's  Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales,  &c.) : — 

De  Cantelupe  of  Cantleston. — This  was  a  Norman  family  which  came  early,  probably  under 
the  reign  of  Rufus,  into  Glamorgan,  and  had  lands  and  a  residence  at  a  place  afterwards 
called  after  their  name,  Cantleston,  and  in  W.  Tregantlo.  They  had  a  succession  of  four  or 
five  generations — William  de  Cantelupe,  the  first ;  Richard  ;  Elias ;  his  brother  William, 
and  Robert,  named  under  "  Butler  of  Dunraven." 

Scurlage  of  Scurlage  Castle,  Gamer. — Sir  Herbert  Scurlage  is  the  first  we  hear  of  at  this 
place.  His  settlement  was  earlier  than  the  name  of  his  manor,  said  to  have  been  called 
after  himself.  The  Welsh  name  of  the  stronghold,  adopted  as  is  likely  after  his  time,  was 
Trecastell,  and  it  was  inherited  by  -  the  Gibbon  family.  Sir  Herbert  Scurlage,  believed  to 
have  been  of  Norman  origin,  obtained  this  manor  from  Sir  Richard  de  Clare  about  A.D.  1250, 
the  object  of  his  being  stationed  here  being  to  "  curb  the  natives."  According  to  the 
custom  of  the  age,  and  the  more  effectually  to  overawe  the  Welsh,  he  built  a  castle,  small 
portions  of  which  still  remain,  near  Llanddewi,  in  Gowerland  ;  and  for  a  brief  period  pursued 
no  doubt  the  usual  methods  of  "  curbing  the  natives."  We  hear  nothing  of  his  descendants. 
The  place  comes  next  before  us  as  the  habitation  of  a  Welsh  family,  descendants  of  Einion 
ap  Colhvyn  (see  Gibbon  of  Trecastell).  Nothing  more  is  known  of  the  Scurlages. 

Button  of  Dyffryn  ( IVorlton). — About  the  name  Button,  by  which  this  Norman  family 
continued  to  be  called  for  some  twelve  or  fourteen  generations,  there  is  some  obscurity. 
The  more  proper  appellation  was  Le  Grant.  This  was  the  name  by  which  the  first  settler 
was  known.  From  Gwion  le  Grant,  Duke  of  Seville,  who  m.  Mabel,  dau.  of  Richard  de 
Clare,  it  is  said,  was  descended  in  the  fifth  generation  Thomas  le  Grant,  the  first  who 
assumed  or  submitted  to  the  surname  Button.  Some  say  it  was  .a  nickname,  with  playful 
reference  to  the  smallness  of  his  stature.  He  m.  Grisly,  or  Grissyl,  the  Welsh  heiress  of 
Dyffryn,  probably  late  in  the  thirteenth  century.  His  son  was  Howel  Button,  who  m.  Gwen- 
llian,  dau.  of  Tomkin  Turberville,  of  Tythegston,  her  mother  being  Lucy,  dau.  and  co-h.  of 
Sir  John  Norris,  Knt,  of  Penlline  Castle.  His  descendants  intermarried  with  the  families 
of  Gethin  of  Llandaff,  Thomas  of  Llanfihangel,  Kemeys  of  Newport,  Richard  of  Wallas, 
Lewis  of  Van,  Aubrey  of  Llantrithyd,  &c.  We  find  the  Buttons  of  Dyffryn  filling  the 
office  of  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1556,  1564,  1588,  1641,  1666,  1709,  1727.  Not  long 
after  this  date,  when  Martin  Button,  Esq.,  had  been  sheriff,  the  male  line  .became  extinct, 
and  the  family  of  Pryce  entered  Dyffryn  by  the  marriage  of  Thomas  Pryce  with  the  heiress 
of  that  place. 

The  arms  of  the  Buttons  were — Az.,  three  bats  or. 

Voss  of  Boverton  (the  Roman  Boviuni). — This  family  must  have  settled  at  Boverton  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  fourteenth  century.  The  earlier  forni  of  the  name  we  meet  is  Vaulx, 


572  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

but  it  gradually  softened  into  Vaus  and  Voss.      Richard  Vaulx  had  a  son  William,  whose 
wife  was  Elizabeth,  a  dau.  of  Thomas  Fleming  of  Monkton.     He  had  a  son, — 

Griffith  Vaus,  Esq.,  who  m.  Joan,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Gruffydd  Goch,  of  the  line  of 
Gwaethfoed,  the  well-known  Lord  of  Cardigan,  and  had  issue  a  dau.  Elizabeth,  who  became 
maid  of  honour  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  married  Roger  Sais,  Esq.  (see  Sais,  or  Seys,  of 
Boverton).  The  Voss  name  does  not  again  occur  at  Boverton,  but  it  continued  in  the 
neighbourhood  for  several  generations,  probably  in  the  descendants  of  a  younger  son  of 
Richard  Vaulx,  the  first  above  named.  In  the  church  of  Llantwit  Major,  "on  the  north  side 
of  the  belfry,"  there  is  or  was  a  monument  to  Matthew  Voss  (p.  1405,  d.  1534,  "  after  having 
lived  to  the  very  advanced  age  of  129  years"),  who  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  younger  son 
of  the  said  Richard  Vaulx,  and  ancestor  of  those  bearing  the  name  of  Voss  after  the  failure 
of  male  issue  at  Boverton.  Another  monument,  of  freestone,  fixed  in  the  wall  of  the  same 
church,  once  "  defaced  and  turned  insid"e,"  contained  inscriptions  to  the  memory  of  the  Voss 
family. 

There  were  Vosses  residing  at  Llantwit  and  neighbourhood,  at  Nicholaston,  &c.,  in  the 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries.  John,  a  son  of  John  Voss  of  Nicholaston,  went  to 
reside  at  Swansea,  and  was  ancestor  to  the  Vosses,  bankers  of  Swansea.  This  family  it  is 
believed  is  not  quite  extinct,  but  has  recently  left  Swansea. 

The  Voss  arms  were — Or,  three  lions  rampant  arg.,  upon  a  bend  sa.  Crest — Two  wings 
adorscd  or,  upon  a  ducal  coronet. 


Raglan  of  Camttwyd.—Thit  ancient  family,  traceable  through  fifteen  generations  in 
Glamorgan,  is  in  strictness  to  be  considered  of  Norman  descent,  as  were  all  the  Herberts, 
from  whose  stock  it  issued.  In  the  only  pedigree  available  of  the  Raglans,  found  in  the 
valuable  MS.  from  the  collection  of  Sir  Isaac  Heard,  Clarencieux,  printed  by  the  late  Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart.,  no  dates  are  given,  and  the  age  of  the  family  must  be  determined 
by  internal  evidence.  Thus  Robert  Raglan,  the  third  of  the  line,  marries  Elinor,  dau.  of 
Sir  Roger  Vauyhan,  of  Tre'rtwr,  Brec.,  who  fell  at  Agincourt  A.D.  1415. 

Robert,  youngest  son  of  Evan  Thomas  ap  Gwilym  Herbert,  was  the  first  progenitor 
of  the  Raglans  of  Carnllwyd.  His  son  John  was  surnamed  "  Raglan  "  because  "  his  father 
had  been  brought  up  with  his  uncle,  Sir  William  Thomas  Herbert,  at  Raglan."  Now  Sir 
William  was  a  contemporary  with  Sir  Roger  Vaughan,  and  like  him  was  knighted  on 
the  field  of  Agincourt  by  Henry  V.  John  "Raglan"  m.  a  dau.  and  h.  of  Robert 
Mathew,  of  Carnllwyd,  and  settled  at  that  place,  where  his  descendants  lived  for  many  gene- 
rations. The  last  was  Thomas  Raglan,  who  left  only  daughters,  and  the  name  became 
extinct. 

The  arms  of  this  family  would  probably  be  those  of  Herbert,  quartering  Mathew. 

DC  Cardiff  of  Cardiff. — Sir  Richard  de  Cardiff  received  of  William,  Earl  of  Gloucester, 
third  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  "  thirty  libmtce  of  land  "  to  hold  by  the  fourth  part  of  a  knight's  fee 
at  Newton  Nottage.  (Meyrick,  Morganice  Arch?)  He  held  the  office  of  Dapifer,  or  steward 
to  the  earl.  His  dau.  and  h.  m.  Sir  Thomas  de  Sanford,  whose  heirs  for  two  generations, 
and  probably  not  longer,  enjoyed  the  property.  Their  name  is  still  commemorated  in 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  573 

"  Sanford's  Well,"  near  Newton  Nottage  Church.     The  arms  of  De  Cardiff  according  to  the 
Golden  Grove  MS.  were — "  Az.,  three  piles  in  point  or." 

De  Rayle  of  Wrinston. — Sir  Simon  de  Rayle  was  lord  of  the  mesne  manor  of  Wrinston, 
and  Michaelston.  Part  of  the  walls  of  his  house  remained  till  comparatively  recent  times,  at 
a  place  called  Court  y  Rayle  (now  Courtyrala).  John  de  Rayle  was  Lord  of  Wrinston  in  the 
Despencers'  time. 

Marcross  of  Marcross. — Sir  Philip  Marcross,  lord  of  the  mesne  manor  of  Marcross,  left 
no  son.  His  dau.  and  h.  m.  William  de  Pincerna,  son  of  Simon  de  Halweia  (Halwey),  who 
succeedefl  to  the  inheritance.  Sir  Richard  de  Pincerna,  Kt,  probably  his  son,  obtained  the 
fee  of  Gelligarn  on  terms  of  a  knight's  service,  for  which  he  did  homage  to  Le  Sore,  Lord  of 
St.  Pagan's  (see  Le  Sore).  After  his  death,  Samson  de  Halweia,  the  heir,  "  being  annoyed 
and  oppressed  by  his  neighbours  at  Ruthyn,  and  brought  to  extreme  poverty,  exchanged  his 
inheritance  with  the  House  of  Neath  for  Littleham  in  Devonshire.  This  exchange  was 
successively  ratified  by  Sir  John  le  Sore  and  his  son,  Robert  le  Sore,  by  deeds  recorded  in 
the  Registrum  de  Nith. 

Norris  of  Penlline. — Sir  Robert  Norris,  vice-comes  or  sheriff  under  Robert  of  Gloucester, 
second  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  appears  to  have  been  the  first  of  this  line  that  settled  in  Gla- 
morgan. He  received  the  mesne  manor  of  Penlline  (upon  which  he  built  his  castle)  from 
William,  third  Lord  of  Glamorgan.  This  and  other  similar  facts  show  that  the  lands  had  not 
been  all  appropriated  at  the  first  conquest.  In  the  time  of  Despencer's  survey  the  lordship 
of  Penlline  was  held  by  Sir  John  Norris,  Kt,  whose  estates  fell  to  his  four  daughters,  co- 
heiresses, three  of  whom  m.  respectively  into  the  families  of  Walsh  of  Llandough  (Llandocha), 
Morgan  of  Pencoed  (of  the  Morgans  of  Tredegar),  and  Turberville  of  Coity. 

Jeol  of  Gileston, — In  the  time  of  Despencer's  survey  Thomas  Jeol,  or  Jule,  held  from  the 
heir  of  Hugh  Despencer  ("de  haerede  Hugonis  le  Despencer  man.  de  Jeoliston,  cum 
advocatione  ecclesiae  ejusdem")  the  manor  of  Jeoliston  (Gileston),  with  the  advowson  of  its 
church,  for  one  knight's  service.  It  was  rated  of  the  value  per  annum  of  ^4  123.  zd.  John 
Thomas's  heir  at  the  time  is  also  said  to  have  been  of  the  age  of  thirteen.  This  was  in 
AD.  1350. 

Bonville  of  Bonvilston. — Simon  Bonville  was,  at  an  early  stage  of  the  Norman  dominion 
in  Glamorgan,  mesne  lord  of  a  piece  of  land  which  was  subsequently  called  after  his  name, 
and  which  the  Welsh,  disregarding  his  surname,  called  Tre  Simon.  His  stronghold,  according 
to  Jenkin's  MS.,  "  was  built  in  a  wood  south  of  Bolston  (now  called  Court  yr  Abad),  and 
was  surrounded  by  a  great  moat ;  parts  of  the  walls  were  carried  away  to  build  other  houses, 
and  part  converted  into  lime  for  manuring  the  land."  We  know  little  of  the  after  history  of 
this  family ;  but  it  is  said  that  a  descendant  of  one  of  their  branches  settled  in  Carmarthen- 
shire, through  whom  Mr.  Bonville,  now  living  near  Carmarthen,  claims  his  lineage. 

Bennet  of  Laleston. — This  ancient  Glamorganshire  family  has  only  very  recently  dis- 


574  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

appeared.  Their  first  and  long-continued  seat  was  in  Gower.  By  marriage  of  John  Bennet 
(living  1699)  into  the  family  of  Jones  of  Laleston,  near  Bridgend,  they  settled  at  that  place, 
and  there  remained  through  six  generations,  till  the  death  s.  p.  a  few  years  ago  of  John  Wick 
Bennet,  Esq.,  of  Laleston.  They  several  times  supplied  sheriffs  for  the  county  of  Glamorgan 
(see  Sheriffs,  &c.).  Their  first  founder  in  Gower  is  said  to  have  been  Sir  Gervase  Benet  de 
Penclawdd,  contemporary  with  the  Conqueror,  and  a  knight  in  his  service.  The  Bennet 
arms  were — Arg.,  three  goats'  heads  erased  sa.,  barbed  or,  langued gu. 

Note. — Our  careful  genealogist,  "  J.  H.,"  has  this  note : — "  As  for  the  Bennets  of 
Penrees,  in  Gower,  they  were  ever  reputed  to  come  from  Loughor,  for  it  is  certain  that  there 
were  Bennets  in  Bringwyn  and  Travele,  and  other  places  in  Loughor,  for  many  generations 
till  the  time  of  Charles  the  Second  :  yet  it  may  be  that  they  came  from  Kilfigin  "  [near  Usk]. 

Dawkin  of  Kilvrough. — Another  Gower  house  of  long  continuance,  but  now  extinct,  is 
that  of  Dawkin  of  Kilvrough,  tracing  descent  from  Sir  William  de  Langton,  Kt.,  lord  of  the 
manors  of  Langrove  and  Henllisk,  in  Gower,  temp.  Edward  II.,  whose  ancestor  is  said  to 
have  "  entered  England  soon  after  the  Conqueror."  Rowland  Dawkin,  in  lineal  descent 
from  Dawkin  Langton,  son  of  the  said  Sir  William,  in  the  year  1585  built  the  house 
at  Kilvrough.  His  grandson,  Rowland  Dawkin,  was  a  zealous  supporter  in  these 
parts  of  Cromwell's  government,  a  colonel  in  his  army,  and  in  1654 — 1658  M.P.  for 
Carmarthen.  He  was  also  "Governor  of  Carmarthen  in  the  time  of  Cromwell  ;"  he  d. 
1691,  and  "was  buried  at  Pennard  Church,  in  the  north  side  of  the  chancel"  (J.  H.'s 
MS.,  circa  1720).  The  last  male  possessor  of  Kilvrough  and  builder  of  the  mansion  now 
standing  was  William  Dawkin,  Esq.,  fourth  in  descent  from  the  said  Rowland,  and  Sheriff  of 
Glamorgan  1773.  He  left  by  his  wife  Mayzod  a  dau.  and  h.,  Mary,  who  m.  a  French 
gentleman  assuming  the  title  of  Marquis  de  Choiseul,  by  whom  she  had  no  issue,  and  from 
whom  she  separated.  She  sold  in  1820  the  mansion  and  demesne  of  Kilvrough  to  the  late 
Thomas  Penrice,  Esq.  (see  Penrice  of  Kilvrough  House).  The  Dawkin  arms  were — Gu.,  a 
chevron  arg.  between  three  lions  rampant  or. 

Malefant  of  St.  George's,  &-r. — The  Malefants,  or  Malifants,  were  a  Pembrokeshire  family 
of  Norman  origin,  but  some  of  their  members  married  and  settled  in  Glamorgan ;  and  we 
find  in  the  lolo  MSS.,  p.  493,  one  of  the  castles  destroyed  or  ravaged  by  Owen  Glyndwr  in 
this  county  named  "  Malefant's  "  Castle.  Where  this  castle  was  situated  it  is  not  easy  to  say. 
William  Malifant,  of  Pembrokeshire,  at  an  early  period  is  said  to  have  m.  "  Elizabeth,  dau. 
and  h.  of  John  de  Londres,  by  whom  he  had  Landawke "  (or  Llandough) ;  and  later, 
Edmond  Malifant,  of  the  same  line,  marries  the  dau.  and  h.  of  Sir  William  Fleming,  Kt., 
and  is  called  "  of  St.  George's."  As  Llandough  is  expressly  mentioned  in  the  castles 
destroyed  by  Owen  on  this  incursion  into  Glamorgan,  it  is  almost  certain  that  the  Malifant 
castle  he  is  said  to  have  destroyed  was  the  residence  of  this  Malifant  of  St.  George,  who  had 
not  long  before  obtained  it  by  this  marriage  with  the  dau.  of  Fleming,  owner  of  the  lordship. 
(See  Fleming  of  St.  George  and  IVerivoe.)  Richard  Maliphant,  Esq.,  of  Cydweli,  traces  to  this 
family.  The  Malifant  arms  were — Gu.,  a  fret  arg. 


TOMB  OF  SIR  MATTHEW  CRADOCK,  KT.,  AND  HIS  WIFK   KATIIERIXK,   SWANSEA  CIU-RCH. 

(Ramfort  Progress.) 


ARMS  OF  CRADOCK. 


ARMS  OF   STRADI.IHO. 


ARMS  OF  SIR  Urcii  JOIINYS,  KT. 


SWANSEA  CORP.  SEAL, 
Temp.  King  John. 


C  VRDIFF  COMMON  SEAL, 

1684. 


MONUMENTAL  BRASS  OF  SIR  HUGH  JOHNYS,  KT.,  AND  DAME  MAUDE  HIS  WIFK,  SWANSEA 

CHURCH.      (Beaufort  Progress.) 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  575 

2. — FAMILIES  OF  BRITISH  DESCENT. 

When  we  speak  of  a  family  which  has  descended  through  many  generations  being  of  a 
particular  race  or  nationality,  the  statement  must  be  taken  as  subject  to  qualification. 
Above,  families  have  been  described  as  Norman,  although  in  some  cases  the  very  origin  was 
doubtful,  and  in  almost  all,  through  the  intermarriages  of  many  successions,  the  prevailing 
blood  had  become  that  of  the  native  race.  And  now  that  we  speak  of  families  of  British 
descent,  it  is  not  to  be  forgotten  that  in  many  cases  the  Celtic  blood,  at  first  somewhat  pure, 
had  through  frequent  union  with  English  and  Anglo-Norman  become  considerably  mixed. 
Thus  the  Mathews  of  LlandafF  intermarry  with  the  Gamage  and  Stradling  houses;  the 
Cradocks  with  the  Mansels  and  Walshes,  &c.  But  the  well-known  physiological  law  of  the 
prevalence  of  the  stronger  or  less  intermittent  race  would  secure  in  the  British  families  a 
nearer  adherence  to  the  original  type  than  would  occur  with  the  Anglo-Norman  houses, 
excepting  those  originally  of  the  Celtic  race. 

But  in  both  cases  a  fact  of  interest  is  suggested  respecting  the  ethnological  character  of 
the  Glamorgan  population,  especially  the  better  class  families,  viz.,  that  they  are  of  mixed 
derivation  in  an  unusual  degree.  This  fact,  obvious  from  the  simple  records  of  alliances,  is 
testified  by  the  frequent  occurrence  of  that  Scandinavian  light  complexion  which  gave  Rufus 
the  name  of"  red,"  and  which  prevails  in  the  Scottish  highlands  and  islands  settled  upon  by 
the  Danes.  That  this  colour  is  not  more  abundant  in  Glamorgan  is  owing  to  the  neutralizing 
power  of  the  Silurian  and  Celtic  swarthiness,  which,  if  foreign  intrusion  through  modem 
immigration  did  not  favour  its  rival,  would  in  course  of  time  regain  the  hold  it  had  in  the 
age  of  Tacitus  ( Vit.  Agric.,  xi.),  and  raise  anew  in  some  minds  the  conjecture  that  the 
people  of  Gwent  and  Glamorgan  were  of  Iberian  origin,  relations  of  the  Spanish  race. 


Cradock  of  Swansea  and  Cardiff. 

Sir  Matthew  Cradock,  Kt,  of  Swansea,  the  first  and  last  of  his  line  bearing  that  surname, 
was  a  man  of  great  mark  in  Glamorgan  under  the  first  two  Tudor  kings.  As  shown  on  his 
beautiful  tomb,  still  surviving  in  Swansea  Church,  he  held  the  offices  of  Deputy  to  the  Earl 
of  Worcester  in  Glamorgan,  Chancellor  of  the  same,  and  Steward  of  Gower  and  Kilvey.  He 
was  lineally  descended  in  the  eighth  degree  from  Einion  ap  Collwyn  (who  was  of  the  sept  of 
Caradoc  Freichfras),  in  whose  descendants  the  name  Caradoc  frequently  recurred,  but  was 
adopted  as  a  surname  for  the  first  time  in  this  family  (surnames  being  as  yet  but  partially 
used  by  the  Welsh)  by  this  Matthew,  son  of  Richard  ap  Gwilim  ap  Evan,  from  Caradoc 
Freichfras.  He  m.,  first,  Alice,  daughter  of  Philip  Mansel,  of  Oxwich  Castle  ;  secondly, 
Lady  Katherine  Gordon,  widow  of  the  notorious  Perkin  V/arbeck.  Lady  Katherine,  by  whom 
he  had  no  issue,  survived  him,  and  twice  afterwards  married,  her  last  husband  being 
Christopher  Asshton,  Esq.,  of  Fyfield,  Berks ;  and  although  she  is  said  on  the  Swansea  monu- 
ment to  lie  in  that  tomb  —as  Sir  Matthew,  who  built  the  tomb  in  his  lifetime,  had  probably 
fondly  expected, — she  is  known  to  have  died  and  to  have  been  buried  at  Fyfield  (1537). 


576  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

By  his  first  wife,  Alice  Mansel,  Sir  Matthew  Cradock  had  an  only  dau.,  Margaret,  who 
m.  Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Ewias,  father  of  Sir  William  Herbert,  created  Earl  of  Pembroke 
1551  (see  Herberts,  Earls  of  Pembroke ;  Bute,  Marquis  of;  Herbert  of  Llanarth,  &c.),  and 
of  Sir  George  Herbert  of  Swansea,  ancestor  of  the  Herberts  of  Cogan,  White  Friars,  Cardiff, 
Swansea,  Cilybebyll,  &c. ;  and  of  the  Llewelyns  of  Ynysygerwri ;  Trahernes  of  Castellau, 
&c.  (See  further,  Traherne  of  St.  Hilary.} 

Sir  Matthew  Cradock  resided  at  the  "  Place  House,"  Swansea,  the  ruins  of  which,  in 
course  of  removal,  are  pictured  in  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Traherne's  Historical  Notices  of  Sir 
Matthew,  from  which  we  have  taken  these  particulars ;  but,  as  there  intimated,  "  it  is 
impossible  to  say  how  much  of  the  building  "  then  pulled  down  "  was  the  work  of  Sir 
Matthew."  He  d.  A.D.  1531.  By  his  will,  recently  discovered  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of 
Canterbury,  he  refers  to  his  house  as  "  my  new  place  at  Swainsey,"  leaves  the  farm  of 
Corners  Well  (which  lies  to  the  south  of  Cogan  Pill  House),  and  twenty-six  kine  and  one 
bull  to  William  Herbert,  second  son  of  his  grandson,  Sir  George  Herbert ;  and  to  his 
daughter  Margaret  estates  in  reversion  during  her  life,  with  the  injunction  "  upon "  his 
"  blessing  "  not  in  anything  to  break  this  his  "  last  will ;  "  provides  for  his  widow,  the  Lady 
Katherine,  whom  he  appoints  his  sole  executrix;  charges  his  lands  with  "the  sum  of  xx 
nobles  per  ann."  for  the  maintaining  and  repairing  of  "  the  chapel  of  St.  Anne,  in  Swansea 
Church  "  (afterwards  called  "  Cradock's  Chapel,"  and  now  "  Herbert's  Chapel,"  which  he  says 
was  built  "  time  out  of  mind  "  by  his  ancestor,  John  Horton,  where  his  tomb  was  erected 
during  his  lifetime),  "and  to  find  a  priest  to  sing  there  for  evermore  for  my  soul,  my  wife's 
soul,  my  ancestors'  souls,  and  [good,  generous  man  !]  for  all  Christian  souls."  The  lands 
still  produce  "  nobles,"  but  the  priest  and  his  singing  have  long  ago  gone  their  way — without 
loss,  we  trust,  to  Sir  Matthew  Cradock  or  any  of  the  other  "  Christian  souls." 

The  Cradock  arms  were — Az.,  semee  of  cross  crosslets,  three  boars'  heads  couped  arg. 


Cradock  of  Cheriton. 

The  Cradocks  of  Cheriton  were  a  junior  line,  proceeding,  it  is  said,  from  Robert  ap  Evan, 
deriving  from  Einion  ap  Collwyn,  while  Sir  Mathew  Cradock  of  Swansea  was  descended 
from  Gwilim  ap  Evan,  an  elder  brother.  These  Cradocks  settled  at  Cheriton  about  the 
time  of  Henry  VII.,  by  mar.  of  David  Cradock  with  the  heiress  of  Philip  Delabere  of  that 
place,  and  maintained  their  surname  in  the  male  line  for  several  generations.  They  inter- 
married with  Mansells,  Flemings,  Popkins,  and  Bassetts.  Philip  Cradock,  the  fifth  possessor 
of  Cheriton,  sold  that  place  "about  1657  to  Thomas  Philip  of  Swansey"  (J.  H.'s  MS.). 
His  great-gr.  son,  Philip  Cradock,  is  described  as  of  Tir-Coch,  and  living  in  1699,  having  m. 
Susan,  dau.  of  Harry  Mansel,  Esq ,  by  whom  he  had  a  son,  Morgan,  "  a  priest."  The 
writer  of  the  MS.  just  cited  has  this  note  respecting  the  arms  of  the  Cradocks  : — "  Memdm. 
That  the  above-named  Evan  ap  Caradock  killed  a  monstrous  wild  boar  in  Clyne  Forrest,  in 
the  parish  of  Oystermouth,  upon  which  occasion  the  arms  were  altered." 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  577 

Laugher  of  Tythegston. 

This  family,  which  will  be  hereafter  noticed  in  the  lineage  of  Knight  of  Newton  Nottage, 
was  of  Cymric  origin,  and  had  representatives  in  the  male  line  till  A.D.  1701,  when  the  last 
Richard  Lougher,  Esq.,  of  Tythegston,  died,  and  his  estate  passed  to  his  daughters.  In 
Knight's  Accoimt  of  Newton  Noltage  it  is  said,  "  There  seems  to  be  no  reason  to  doubt  that 
one  of  the  descendants  of  Leyson  of  Avan  (the  great-gr.  son  of  Morgan,  the  son  of  Caradoc 
ap  lestyn)  residing  at  Loughor  [in  Gower]  took  his  name  from  that  ancient  town,  and  trans- 
mitted it  to  his  posterity.  By  a  receipt  of  Lady  Lucy  Bassett,  called  '  Lucy  Verch  Griffith 
Nicholas,'  dated  Oct.  10,  1472  (i2th  Edward  IV.),  it  appears  that  Richard  Lougher  farmed 
from  her  a  moiety  of  Weobley  Castle  in  Gower.  Three  years  later  his  name  is  mentioned 
in  a  singular  kind  of  marriage  compact ;  Richard  Lougher  covenants  with  John  ap  Griffith 
Howell  to  give  his  daughter  Ann  to  David  son  of  John  ap  Griffith  ;  if  Ann  did  not  live  to 
fulfil  the  contract,  that  then  David  should  marry  some  other  daughter  of  Richard  Lougher, 
and  interchangeably,  in  case  of  David's  premature  death,  a  son  of  Lougher  should  marry  a 
daughter  of  John  ap  Griffith,  with  proviso  that  the  marriage  portion  of  fifty  marks  [£33  6s.  8d.] 
then  covenanted  to  be  paid  under  special  conditions  should  be  still  payable  between  the 
parties  under  any  of  these  contemplated  contingencies." 

Watkin  Lougher  was  succeeded  in  1608  by  his  eldest  son,  Richard,  who  spent  much  of 
his  life  and  fortune  in  legal  contests  with  Sir  Thomas  Mansel  of  Margam,  Moris  Mathew  of 
Glyn  Ogwr,  and  Sir  Edward  Stradling  of  St.  Donat's.  His  son  and  successor,  Watkin 
Lougher,  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1635,  "  when  Charles  I.  was  making  his  fatal  experiment 
of  ruling  without  a  parliament."  The  maritime  counties  of  Wales  were  required  to  provide 
,£2,204,  second  assessment  of  "ship-money?  To  the  instrument  issued  for  this  purpose 
were  attached  the  well-known  names  of  Humphrey  Chetham  (founder  of  the  Chetham 
Library,  Manchester) ;  William  Glyn  (of  Elernion,)  High  Sheriff  of  Carnarvon ;  John  Scour- 
field,  Sheriff  of  Pembrokeshire  ;  &c.  Watkin  Lougher,  sheriff,  had  much  trouble,  of  course, 
in  raising  his  portion  of  this  oppressive  tax,  and  his  deputy  at  Cardiff,  Arthur  Lloyd  by 
name,  had  also  trouble,  annoyance,  and  loss,  'and  bitterly  chafes  against  his  hard  lot,  the 
commands  of  our  sovereign  and  dread  lord  the  king  notwithstanding.  "  My  labour,"  he  says, 
"  and  the  labour  of  my  cousin  Roberts,  in  wearing  out  our  bodies  and  clothes,  hindarance 
and  loss  of  time  at  home,  and  trje  spoiling  of  my  gelding  for  ever,  which  stood  me  in  £8  ; 
God  send  you  and  me  well  to  do  in  this  troublesome  office,  and  to  go  out  of  it  in  safety ! " 
It  is  a  strange  thing  at  present  to  hear  that  Carmarthen,  Cardiff,  and  Liverpool  were  rated  at 
the  same  amount  for  this  royal  "  ship-money  "  business,  viz.,  ^15.  The  county  of  Glamorgan 
was  to  contribute  ^200. 

Richard  Lougher,  Watkin's  son,  the  last  of  that  name  at  Tythegston,  succeeded  in  1651, 
was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1655  and  1696  ;  m.  Cecil,  dau.  of  Judge  Jenkins,  surnamed  "  Heart 
of  Oak,"  and  "  Pillar  of  the  Law,"  of  Hensol  Castle.  He  left  no  son,  but  three  daughters, 
the  eldest  being  Cecil,  who  m.  Edward  Turberville,  of  Sutton,  and  left  a  dau.,  Cecil,  who  m. 
Robert,  son  of  Sir  John  Knight,  Kt,  of  Redleape,  Mayor  of  Bristol  1670,  M.P.  for  Bristol, 
&c.,  from  whom  the  family  of  Knight  of  Tythegston  is  descended  (see  Knight  of  Tythegston  ; 
Knight  of  Newton  Nottage). 


5J8  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Mathew  of  Llandaff,  Radir,  &>c. 

This  very  ancient  and  long-continuing  family  derived  from  Gwilym,  son  of  Gwaethfoed, 
Lord  of  Cardigan,  by  Morfydd,  dau.  of  Ynyr,  King  of  Gwent,  through  Gruffydd  Gethin, 
ranked  as  tenth  from  Gwaethfoed,  and  Ivan  ap  Gruffyd  Gethin,  who  m.  Cecil,  dau.  and 
heiress  of  Watkin  Llewelyn  of  Llandaff,  of  the  lineage  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant.  He  settled  at 
Llandaff.  His  son,  Matthew  Ivan  Gruffydd,  and  his  grandson,  David  Mathew,  introduced 
the  surname,  which  never  ceased  for  twelve  generations.  They  intermarried  with  the 
Flemings  of  Flemingston,  Morgans  of  Tredegar,  Carnages  of  Coity,  Stradlings  of  St.  Donat's, 
&c.,  and  branched  off  at  early  periods  into  the  vigorous  families  of  Mathew  of  Castell 
Menych  (Monk's  Castle)  and  Mathew  of  Radir,  Mathew  of  Aberaman,  and  Mathew  of 
Sweldon  and  Llancaiach,  all  of  whom  are  now  extinct.  The  House  of  Llandaff  supplied 
sheriffs  for  Glanrorgan  in  the  yeamS46,  1769,  and  member  of  Parliament  in  the  person  of 
Thomas  Mathew,  father  and  "son,  in  1744,  1756.  This  same  Thomas  Mathew,  sen.t 
of  Llandaff,  was  Rear-Admiral  and  Admiral  of  the  White ;  and  Thomas  the  son  was  a  major 
in  the  army.  In  his  election  he  polled  954  votes  against  212  given  for  his  "opponent," 
Charles  Van,  Esq.  By  his  wife,  Anne,  dau.  of  Robert  Knight,  Esq.,  of  Sutturrn,  he  had, 
besides  several  other  children,  a  son,  also  named  Thomas  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Llandaff,  the 
sheriff  of  1769,  who  d.  1771,  s.p. 

The  Mathews  of  Llandaff  bore  the  arms  of  Gwaethfoed — Or,  a  lion  rampant  regardant 
sa.,  crowned  gii. 


Mathew  of  Radir. 

The  same  in  descent  with  the  foregoing,  and  branching  off  from  Llandaff  with  Thomas, 
third  son  of  David,  who  has  been  described  as  first  settling  the  surname  of  Mathew. 
Thomas  m.  Gate,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Morgan  Llewelyn  ap  Ivan.  Their  eldest  son  was 
William,  who  became  Sir  William  Mathew,  Kt,  of  Radir.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son 
Sir  George  Mathew,  Kt.  This  family  supplied  several  sheriffs  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
ex.  gr.,  William  Matthew,  1567;  do.,  1579;  Henry  Mathew,  1589;  Thomas  Mathew,  1613. 

Edmund  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Radir,  a  younger  brother,  succeeded  his  two  elder  brothers, 
who  d.  s.p.,  as  possessor  of  the  estates,  and  was  himself  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, 
George  Mathew,  who  m.  a  dau.  of  Sir  John  Pornes,  Kt.,  who  was  the  widow  of  the  Earl  of 
Ormond,  and  had  a  son,  Theobald  Mathew,  Esq.,  who  is  called  in  "  T.  H.'s  "  MS.  "  Lord  of 
Bishopstown  and  Llandaffe,"  not  of  Radir.  He  m.  three  times,  and  had  George,  two 
other  sons,  and  daus.,  but  we  discover  no  traces  of  their  further  history.  Theobald  Mathew 
d.  A.D.  1700.  No  little  confusion  exists  in  the  MSS.  respecting  the  marriages  and  suc- 
cessions of  these  later  Mathews  of  Radir;  but  about  the  high  position  and  influence  of  the 
family  in  this  co.  there  cannot  be  a  doubt. 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  579 


Mat  hew  of  Caste/I  Menych  (Monk's  C as  tit). 

Robert  Mathew,  second  son  of  Ivan  ap  Gruffydd  Gethin  (see  Mathew  of  Llandaff\  was 
the  first  of  this  branch  family  of  the  Mathews.  He  m.  Gwladys,  dau.  of  Llewelyn  Powel 
Fychan,  of  Brecon,  and  had  two  sons,  William,  his  successor  at  Castell  Menych,  and 
Morgan,  from  whom  descended  the  Mathews  of  Roos,  Aberaman,  and  Brynwhith.  William's 
wife  was  Margaret,  dau.  of  John  Gamage,  Esq.,  Lord  of  Coity,  and  his  son  Robert,  of 
Castell  Menych,  m.  Alice,  dau.  of  John  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Pantygored,  of  the  lineage  of 
Madoc  ap  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant.  Eight  more  generations  from  father  to  son  succeed  at 
Castell  Menych.  They  intermarry  with  the  Raglans  of  Carnllwyd,  Lewises  of  Vann, 
Morgans  of  Bedwellty,  and  Jenkins  of  Hensol ;  the  last-mentioned  marriage,  being  followed 
by  no  issue  male,  terminated  the  name  at  Castell  Menych,  circa  A.D.  1700.  Cecil,  the  heiress, 
m.  Charles  Talbot,  cr.  Baron  Talbot  of  Hensol  and  Lord  Chancellor  1733.  He  d.  1737 
(see  Talbot  of  Hensol  Castle),  Tne  Castell  Menych  estate  henceforth  vested  in  the  Talbots. 

Thomas  Mathew  of  Castell  Menych  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1613,  and  his  son  of 
the  same  name  was  sheriff  1668. 

For  the  arms  of  Mathew  of  Castell  Menych  see  Mathew  of  Llandaff.  The  Talbot  arms 
were — Gu.,  a  lion  rampant  within  a  border  engrailed  or,  a  crescent  for  difference — the  arms 
still  borne  by  the  Talbots,  Earls  of  Shrewsbury,  Talbots  of  Margam,  &c. 


Sir  Hughjohnys  of  Swansea. 

This  remarkable  man  may  be  said  in  a  sense  to  form  his  own  family  :  the  space  his  life 
occupied,  and  the  disguise  under  which  his  descendants  (not  bearing  his  name,  since  he  left 
no  son)  passed  down  the  stream  of  time,  which  is  ever  engulfing  families  and  their  memorials, 
necessarily  centre  all  our  attention  upon  himself.  And  yet  Hugh  ap  John,  al.  Jones  and 
Jonys,  was  of  a  good  and  noble  stock,  for  he  was  descended  from  no  less  renowned  fore- 
fathers than  the  Vychans  (Vaughans)  of  Tre'rtwr,  Brec.,  and  maternally  from  Sir  David  Gam. 
Sir  Roger  Vaughan  of  Tre'rtwr  (Tretower),  who  was  knighted  and  died  on  the  field  of 
Agincourt,  Oct.  23,  A.D.  1415,  was  his  gr.  grandfather,  and  Sir  Roger's  wife,  his  gr.  grand- 
mother, was  Gwladys,  dau.  of  the  testy  but  brave  Sir  David  Gam,  who  also  was  knighted 
and  died  on  that  fatal  day. 

Sir  Roger  Vaughan,  Kt.,  left  a  son,  Watkin,  and  he  a  natural  scm,fo/in  Watkin  Vaughan, 
or,  as  the  Welsh  of  those  times  would  say,  John  ap  Watkin  ap  Roger  Vychan,  who  was 
father  of  Hugh,  afterwards  Sir  Hugh  Johnys.  The  origin  of  this  surname  is  plain, — Hugh 
was  John's,  or  John-his  (sc.,  son),  euphonically  expressed  Jones,  or  Jonys.  Sir  Hugh's  wife  was 
Mawde,  dau.  of  Rees  Cradock,  Esq.,  uncle  of  Sir  Mathew  Cradock  (see  Cradock  of  Swansea). 
As  we  have  said,  he  left  no  son  to  survive  him,  but  two  daus.,  Gwenllian  and  Jeannette,  co- 
heiresses :  the  former  m.  David  Rees  ap  levan  of  Ynyspenllwch ;  the  latter,  John  David 
Morgan  of  Cadley  and  Cefngorwedd.  The  interesting  monograph  on  Sir  Hugh  Johnys,  by 
Col.  Grant-Francis,  F.S.A.,  from  which  these  particulars  are  obtained,  contains  no  further 


S8o  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

account  of  his  descendants,  nor  is  the  year  of  his  birth  or  death  precisely  known.  We  find 
it  stated,  however,  in  the  Beaufort  Progress,  p.  170,  referring  to  a  later  time,  that  "of  this 
family  of  Jones  was  Hugh  Jones,  Lord  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  consecrated  1566,  being  the 
first  Welshman  that  was  bishop  of  his  church  in  almost  three  hundred  years  before."  For 
this  link  of  relationship  we  find  no  further  authority. 

Of  the  tenor  of  his  active  life  as  a  soldier  we  can  judge  from  the  ample  epitaph  on  the 
monumental  brass  still  in  the  chancel  of  St.  Mary's,  Swansea.  He  was,  it  is  clear,  "  a  knight 
clad  in  mail,  sniffing  from  afar  the  smell  of  adventure,"  whose  language  meetly  was, — 

"  Therefore,  friends, 
As  far  as  to  the  Sepulchre  of  Christ, 
Whose  soldier  now — under  whose  blessed  Cross 
We  are  impressed  and  engaged  to  fight." 

The  antique  spelling  has  been  corrected  into  modern,  but  no  word  omitted  or  added  : — 

"  $rag  for  the  soul  of  Sir  %ugl)  Sohngs,  Itnight,  anb  Dante  fHaubc,  Ijt's  fotfe,  fohtcf)  Sir  P?ugh 
faas  nube  a  knigljt  at  the  l^olg  Sepulchre  of  our  £orb  3csu  (Eijrist  in  tl;e  citg  of  Jerusalem, 
the  mi)  bag  of  August,  the  gear  of  our  Horb  (Sob  \^\.  &nb  the  Sato  Sir  JtjugJ)  hab  torn 
tinueb  in  tfje  faars  there  a  long  time  before,  bt>  the  space  of  fifce  gears,  that  is  to  sag,  against  the 
2turbs  anb  Saracens,  in  the  parts  of  9Crog,  ©rcece,  anb  Curkeg,  unber  3ohn,  that  time  iEmperot 
of  Constantinople,  anb  after  that  faaS  Snight  fHavsbal  of  JFrance,  unber  3ohn,  BJukc  of 
Somerset,  fig  the  space  of  fifae  gears,  anb  in  like  faise,  after  that,  inas  1&ntgl)t  fHarshal  of 
lEnglanb  unber  the  jjoob  3ohn,  Sttke  of  Norfolk,  luljiclj  John  ga&e  unta  htm  the  manor  of 
Eanbimore,  to  htm,  anb  to  hid  heirs  for  e&ermore,  upon  fahose  souls,  3esu,  haue  mercg." 

Sir  Hugh  Johnys,  though  a  hardy  soldier,  was  not  proof  against  the  soft  blandishments  of 
the  sex.  When  as  yet  a  bachelor,  but  after  his  knighthood  and  foreign  service,  he  "  fell  in 
love  "  with  Elizabeth,  the  beautiful  dau.  of  Sir  Richard  Woodville,  and  afterwards  as  widow 
of  Sir  Thomas  Gray,  married  to  King  Edward  IV.  Miss  Strickland  in  her  "  Lives  "  refers 
to  this  affair  thus: — "While  yet  in  attendance  on  Queen  Margaret,  she  [Elizabeth  Woodville] 
captured  the  heart  of  a  brave  knight,  Sir  Hugh  Johns,  a  great  favourite  of  Richard,  Duke  of 
York.  He  had  nothing  in  the  world  wherewithal  to  endow  the  fair  Woodville  but  a  sword 
whose  temper  had  been  proved  in  many  a  battle  in  France  ;  he  was,  however,  a  timid  wooer, 
and  very  impolitically  deputed  others  to  make  to  the  beautiful  maid  of  honour  the  declara- 
tion of  love  which  he  wanted  courage  to  speak  himself." 

From  this  trouble  of  the  affections,  although  aided  by  the  direct  and  strong  recommen- 
dations of  the  Duke  of  York  and  the  great  Earl  of  Warwick,  the  "king-maker,"  Sir  Hugh  did 
not  emerge  with  success.  He  was  looked  coldly  upon  by  the  young  beauty,  and  took  to 
the  wise  course  of  marrying  Maude  Cradock,  who  probably  made  him  a  better  wife  than  a 
maid  of  honour  would  have  made. 

Sir  Hugh  Johnys  was  not  so  destitute  of  means  to  endow  a  wife  as  Miss  Strickland 
suggests.  His  patrimony  may  have  been  small,  but  he  had  received  from  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  as  stated  on  his  monument,  the  lordship  of  Landimor,  whose  castle  he  is  said  to 
have  repaired  and  beautified  ;  and  Col.  Francis,  who  visited  the  spot  and  has  investigated 
the  changes  of  ownership  of  this  manor,  although  the  subject  is  surrounded  with  some 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  581 

difficulty,  does  not  see  reason  to  doubt  the  statement  on  the  brass.  There  are  other 
properties  mentioned  as  belonging  to  Sir  Hugh  Johnys  ;  but  it  is  quite  likely  that  his  means, 
when  measured  against  the  demands  which  a  lady  from  court  would  make  upon  them,  were 
too  inadequate. 

About  the  arms  of  Sir  Hugh  Johnys  there  seems  to  hang  a  good  deal  of  obscurity.  In 
the  Beaufort  Progress  (1684)  it  is  said  that  when  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  or  rather  Mr.  Dineley, 
his  recorder,  inspected  the  church  of  St.  Mary,  the  arms  had  disappeared,  "  having  been 
stolen  away  "like  the  scroll  issuing  out  of  Sir  Hugh's  mouth,  but  they  were  "also  discernible 
among  some  broken  glass" — whether  in  a  window  is  not  stated, — "  and  said  by  others  of  the 
town  to  be  the  arms  of  Sir  Hugh  Jones  and  his  lady."  They  are  then  figured  on  the  margin 
of  the  Progress  thus: — Arg.,  a  fesse  gu.  between  three  cocks  of  the  second,  armed,,  crested,  and 
jelloped  of  the  same— "by  the  name  of  JONES."  It  is  added,  "  These  armes  were  very  worthily 
borne  by  this  bold  Britan,  Sir  Hugh  Johyns  (now  Jones),  Lord  of  Landinwre.  The  second 
"brass  escocheon  (sic)  robbed  from  the  tomb,"  and  which  was  understood  to  bear  arms  of  the 
lady,  is  blazoned  thus  : — Quarterly :  ist  and  $th,  sa.,  a  chevron  arg,  between  three  boys'  heads 
couped  at  the  shoulders,  around  the  tieck  a  snake  entwined,  proper;  2nd  and  yd,  sa.,  a  chevron 
arg.  between  three  spear-heads  of  the  same,  guttes  de  sang. 

This  entire  shield  would  appear  to  be  suitable  rather  for  Sir  Hugh  Johnys  himself;  for 
he,  being  descended  from  the  Vaughans  of  Tre'rtwr,  might  adopt  the  boys'  heads  of  the  first 
and  fourth  quarters,  the  arms  of  that  family  (the  illegitimacy  of  the  father  would  not  in  those 
days  prevent  this),  as  descended  from  Moreiddig  Warwyn  (circa  1200),  grandson  of  Bleddyn 
ap  Maenarch.  Moreiddig  is  fabled  to  have  been  born  with  a  snake  around  his  neck — the 
"  reason  "  why  he  adopted  these  arms  instead  of  those  of  his  ancestor  Bleddyn.  The  spear- 
heads of  the  second  and  third  quarters  were  the  proper  arms  of  Bleddyn.  But  about  the 
"  three  cocks  "  said  by  Mr.  Dineley  to  have  been  "  worthily  borne  by  this  bold  Britan,  Sir 
Hugh,"  there  is  room  for  much  doubt.  As  he  found  them  not  on  the  tombstone,  but  "  among 
some  broken  glass,"  and  received  only  some  verbal  accounts  in  support  of  his  conjecture,  we 
cannot  positively  say  that  Sir  Hugh  Johnys,  Kt.,  bore  these  arms  in  addition  to  those 
belonging  to  his  lineage.  At  the  same  time  Sir  Hugh,  being  a  knight  with  a  penchant  for 
fighting,  may  have  adopted  as  his  appropriate  symbol  a  bird  so  famous  both  for  his  con- 
tentiousness and  courage,  especially  as  the  tincture  was  gules. 


Seys  of  Boverton. 

. 

This  family,  which  continued  at  Boverton  for  four  generations,  claimed  derivation  from 
Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch,  Lord  of  Brecknock  in  the  eleventh  century,  and  quartered  his  arms. 
Boverton  was  the  property  of  the  Voss  family,  which  ended  here  in  an  heiress,  Elizabeth 
Voss,  Maid  of  Honour  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  m.  Roger  Seys,  Esq.  (son  of  levan  Sais, 
Esq.,  of  Cowbridge),  Attorney-General  of  all  Wales.  Roger  Seys  died  1599,  and  was  buried 
at  Llantwit  Major.  His  son,  Richard  Seys,  of  Boverton  "  and  Swansea,"  had  to  wife 
Margaret,  dau.  of  Leyshon  Evans,  Esq.,  of  the  Gnoll,  by  a  dau.  of  Matthew  Herbert,  Esq., 
of  Swansea,  and  had  a  large  family.  The  eldest  son,  Evan,  of  Boverton,  a  serjeant-at-law, 
besides  a  son  Richard,  had  a  dau.  Margaret,  who  d.  single  in  London,  1696,  leaving  her 

2  q 


5$2  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

cousin,  William  Seys  of  Swansea,  sole  executor,— and  Elizabeth,  who  also  d.  single,  leaving 
her  nephew  Peter,  Lord  King,  sole  executor. 

Richard  Seys,  Esq.,  of  Boverton,  m.  and  had  a  family;  but  his  two  sons,  Evan  and 
William,  d.  s.p.,  the  latter  in  1710.  The  eldest  dau.,  Anne,  m.  Peter  King,  afterwards  Lord 
Chancellor  of  England,  nephew  of  John  Locke,  and  father,  by  Anne  Seys,  of  four  succeeding 
Lords  King,  from  whom  are  descended  the  present  Earls  of  Lovelace,  who  still  quarter  the 
arms  (three  spear-heads)  of  Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch.  The  male  line  at  Boverton  was  now 
extinct,  and  the  Seyses  henceforth  existed  at  Swansea,  Caerleon,  Reeding,  Sic.— all  extinct. 

The  arms  of  Seys  of  Boverton  were— Quarterly:  ist  and  4th,  az.,  6  plates,  on  a  chief  or,  a 
demi-lion  rampant  gu.;  2nd  and  yd,  sa.,  a  chevron  arg.  between  three  spear-heads  of  the  same, 
with  their  points  imbrued.  Crest — A  demi-lion  rampant,gu.  Motto — Crescit  sub  pondere  virtus. 


Van  of  Marcross. 

* 

This  ancient  British  family  went,  by  Norman-French  rendering,  by  the  name  De  Anne, 
or  perhaps  more  properly  De  Avan.  They  were  traditionally  said  to  have  settled  at  first 
in  Cornwall,  and  to  have  come  over  to  Marcross,  near  St.  Donat's,  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  III.  Here  they  remained  for  at  least  ten  generations.  But  junior  branches  con- 
tinued longer  elsewhere.  We  have  seen  under  Mathew  of  Llandaff,  that  Charles  Van,  Esq., 
contested  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  in  1756  against  Major  Thomas  Mathew  of  Llandaff.  The 
residence  of  Charles  Van  is  not  mentioned  ;  but  it  may  be  conjectured  with  great  probability 
to  have  been  Llanwern,  Monmouthshire.  No  Van  is  found  among  the  sheriffs  of  Glamorgan, 
except  in  1618,  when  Edward  Van,  Esq.,  of  Marcross,  held  the  office. 

John  de  Anne,  who  m.  the  heiress  of  Marcross,  held  this  lordship  of  the  heirs  of  Hugh 
Despencer  at  one  knight's  service,  valued  per  annum  at  373.  6d.,  and  his  son,  John,  at  the 
time  of  the  survey  was  forty  years  of  age — "  et  Johes  de  Anne  est  fils  et  hajres  ejus  40, 
annorum  setat."  This  John,  we  presume,  was  father  of  Paganus  de  Anne,  or  Payn  Van, 
who  was  lord  of  the  manor  of  Marcross  7th  Henry  VI.,  1429,  and  sold  the  lordship  of 
Llandough  and  St.  Mary  Church,  22nd  Henry  VI.,  1444,  to  Sir  William  Thomas,  Kt,  of 
Raglan,  his  son  William,  and  their  heirs  for  ever.  "  Testibus  hiis,  Ludovicus  Matthew, 
David  Matthew,  William  Bawtrip,  William  Jeule,  et  Johannes  Fleming  [all  well-known 
names],  Armigeri,  die  lunse  post  fest.  assumpt.  beatae  Mariae  virginis,"  &c. 

Payn  Van  m.  Anne,  dau.  of  Gruffydd  ap  Ivan  (Bevan)  ap  Leyson,  Esq.,  Lord  of  Baglan, 
and  had  a  son  William,  after  whom  came  in  succession  John,  Edmond,  William,  George, 
Edward,  the  last,  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1618,  m.  Grace,  dau.  of  Francis  Stradling,  Esq.,  and 
sister  of  Sir  George  Stradling,  of  St.  Donat's  Castle.  Edward  Van  had  one  son  and  one  dau. 
The  latter,  named  Elizabeth,  m.,  first,  William  Matthew,  jun.,  of  Aberaman.  Secondly,  Sir 
Richard  Bassett  of  Beaupre,  Kt.  John  Van,  Esq.,  of  Marcross,  was  the  last  of  the  line  we 
have  account  of  at  that  place.  He  m.,  1678,  Mary,  dau.  of  William  Thomas  of  Llanfihangel, 
and  had  issue  ;  but  of  the  issue  no  record  is  at  hand.  (See  Van  of  Llanwern.') 

The  arms  of  the  Vans  of  Marcross  were — Sa.,  a  chevron  between  three  butterflies  (some  say 
bees)  displayed  arg. 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  583 


Thomas  of  Llanfihangel  and  Brigan. 

The  old  mansion  of  Llanfihangel  Manor,  near  Llantwit  Major,  with  its  picturesque 
gables  and  finely  mullioned  windows,  now  a  comfortable  farmhouse,  presents  to  the  passer 
by  an  object  of  unfailing  interest.  Here  the  family  of  Thomas  resided.  Under  Laugher  of 
Tythegston  it  has  been  shown  that  that  family  took  its  name  from  Loughor.  the  place  of  its 
abode.  The  father  was  priest  of  Loughor  (Castell-llwchwr),  Richard  by  name,  son  of 
Gronw,  sixth  son  of  Ivan  ap  Leyson,  Lord  of  Baglan,  near  Aberavon  ;  and  one  of  his  brothers 
was  named  Thomas  ap  Gronw,  who  received  the  surname  Ddu  —  "  the  black,"  by  reason  of 
the  colour  of  his  hair.  They  were  of  the  lineage  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant.  The  maternal 
ancestors  of  this  family  were,  however,  of  mixed  blood,  beginning  with  the  Bassons,  who 
became  Lords  of  Brigan  by  grant  of  Gilbert  de  Clare,  A.D.  1257.  Stephen  Basson,  or 
Bauson,  the  first  lord,  was  the  man  sent  by  Henry  III.  with  a  great  force  to  encounter 
Prince  Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd,  A.D.  1257,  but  was  repulsed  with  great  loss  near  Llandeilofawr 
(Annal.  Cambr.,  sub  ann.  1257).  The  line  of  Basson  ceased  with  his  son;  his  granddau., 
Beatrice,  m.  the  Welshman,  Aaron  ap  Howel  Fychan  ap  Cadwgan  ap  Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch. 
This  British  line  continued  at  Brigan  for  twelve  generations  (assuming  the  name  Thomas  on 
mar.  of  the  heiress  with  Thomas,  fifth  son  of  Ivan  ap  Leyson,  and  brother  of  Gronw,  ancestor 
of  the  Llanfihangel  line),  till  Anthony  Thomas,  Esq.,  who  m.  Elinor,  dau.  of  William 
Bassett,  clerk,  of  Bonvilleston  and  Newton  Nottage,  d.  s.  p.  about  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century. 

Thomas  Ddu,  named  above,  m.  the  heiress  of  Llanfihangel,  as  his  father's  brother  had 
m.  the  heiress  of  Brigan.  His  descendants  intermarried  with  the  Vans  of  Marcross,  Flemings 
of  Flimstone,  Carnes  of  Ewenny,  Mathews  of  Llandaff,  &c.  Edward  Thomas  of  Llanfihangel 
was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1633,  and  created  a  baronet  1640.  He  m.  Susan,  dau.  of  Sir 
Thomas  Morgan  of  Rhiwpera,  Knt.,  and  had  a  son, — 

Sir  Robert  Thomas,  Bart.,  of  Llanfihangel  and  Bettws,  whose  wife  was  Mary,  dau.  of 
David  Jenkins,  sen.,  Esq.,  of  Hensol.  He  had  no  son;  his  only  dau.,  Susannah,  who  m. 
Robert  Savours,  Esq  ,  of  Breach,  Llanblethian,  had  no  issue,  and  d.  in  the  lifetime  of  her 
father.  Sir  Robert  sold  his  estate  of  Llanfihangel  about  1 650  to  Humphrey  Edwin,  Esq. 

The  arms  of  Thomas  of  Llanfihangel  are  not  known  to  us,  but  as  the  lineage  was  that  of 
lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  it  may  be  presumed  the  arms  would  follow,  with  quarterings  for 
alliances. 


Gibbon  of  Trecastle  (Gower), 

Tracing  to  Einion  ap  Collwyn,  the  opponent  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  Gibbon  ap  Llewelyn, 
eighth  in  descent,  had  a  son  Richard  ap  Gibbon  of  Trecastell  —a  place  previously  known 
under  a  foreign  name  (see  Scurlage  of  Scurlage  Castle).  How  Richard  Gibbon  became  pos- 
sessed of  the  favour  of  the  De  Breoses  so  as  to  obtain  this  property  we  have  no  means  at 
hand  of  knowing.  A  Welshman  himself,  he  also  m.  a  Welsh  wife,  Catherine,  dau.  of  Howel 
ap  Ivan,  of  the  line  of  Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch. 


584  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Seventh  in  descent  from  Richard,  Thomas  Gibbon,  Esq.,  of  Trecastle,  son  of  George, 
was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1679  ;  and  his  son,  Grant  Gibbon,  Esq.,  of  Trecastle  (d.  1771), 
served  the  same  office  in  1735.  The  grandson  of  Grant,  William  Gibbon,  son  of  William 
(d.  1764)  by  Alice,  dau.  of  Rees  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Llanharan,  was  also  of  Trecastle,  and  /;/., 
1784,  his  second  cousin,  dau.  of  Samuel  Price,  Esq.,  of  Park. 

The  arms  of  Gibbon  of  Trecastle  were  those  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn — Sa.,  a  chevron  arg. 
between  three  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  same. 

There  were  also  Gibbons  of  Cefntreban,  or  Pentrebean,  St.  Pagan's,  one  of  whom,  "  Dr. 
Gibbon,  built  the  great  house  at  St.  Pagan's; "'  but  they  were  not,  as  far  as  is  known,  of  the 
same  stock  with  the  Gibbons  of  Trecastle  in  Gower. 


Popkin  of  Ynys-  Tawe  and  Forest. 

There  were  Popkins  of  Ynys-Tawe  and  Forest,  both  of  the  same  lineage,  the  former  the 
senior  line,  and  both  now  extinct.  They  claimed  descent  from  Rhodri  Mawr,  King  of 
Wales,  through  his  eldest  son,  Prince  Anarawd  (succ.  A.D.  877).  Gruffydd  Gethin,  the  first 
named  in  the  pedigrees  as  of  Ynys-Tawe,  ninth  in  descent,  had  a  son  Hopkin  ap  Gruffydd, 
and  he  a  son  David  ap  Hopkin  of  Ynys-Tawe,  who  m.  Eva,  dau»of  Jenkin  ap  Leyson  of 
Avan,  of  the  race  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant.  Hopkin  ap  David  ap  Hopkin  followed,  and  had  a 
son  David  ap  Hopkin,  whose  son,  Hopkin  David  of  Ynys-Tawe,  had  an  elder  son, — 

David  Popkin,  who  finally  fixed  the  patronymic  as  a  surname.  He  m.  Jennet,  dau.  of 
Robert  William,  Esq.,  of  Court  Rliyd-hir,  and,  with  other  children,  had  a  son  and  successor, 
John  \sc.,  son  of]  David  Popkin,  of  Ynys-Tawe,  who,  adhering  to  the  favourite  family  name, 
called  his  eldest  son  Hopkin  [«•.,  son  of]  John  David  Popkin,  who  was  also  of  Ynys-Tawe. 
By  his  wife  Luce,  dau.  of  Harry  Rees  ap  Gruffydd,  he  left  an  elder  son,  his  successor,  David 
Popkin,  who  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Thomas  Morgan  Cadwgan,  Esq.,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
son,  Hopkin  David  Popkin,  living  1678,  whose  wife  was  a  dau.  of  John  David  Rosser  of 
Trewyddfa.  The  account  of  this  elder  branch  here  ceases  in  our  MSS. 

The  Forest  junior  line  begins  with  Hopkin,  second  son  of  the  above  Hopkin  David  of 
Ynys-Tawe,  and  continues  at  Forest,  near  Neath,  for  ten  generations.  This  line  seems  to 
have  held  a  higher  position  in  the  county  than  the  senior.  Thomas  Popkin  of  Forest  was 
Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1718,  and  his  grandson  Thomas  held  the  same  office  in  1755. 
They  intermarried  with  the  families  of  Dawkins  of  Ynystawlog,  Evans  of  Peterwell,  Card.  ; 
and  the  last-mentioned  Thomas  m.  Justina  Maria,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Stepney  of  Llanelly. 
The  last  male  representative  was  Bennet  Popkin,  Esq.,  of  Forest,  "  who  went  to  reside  at 
Kittlehill  in  pursuance  of  a  limitation  in  the  will  of  his  aunt,  Mrs.  Bennet."  He  in.  Mary, 
dau.  and  co-h.  of  David  White,  Esq.,  of  Miskin,  and  d.  s.p.  (See  Bath  of  ffynone.) 

The  arms  of  the  Popkins  were — Or,  a  stag  passant  gu.,  attired  and  hoofed  sa. ;  a  bordure 
engrailed  gu. 


Price  of  Penile 'rgaer  and  Nydfywch. 
Of  the  sept  of  Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch,  Lord  of  Brecknock  when  the  Normans  under 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  585 

Newmarch  attacked  that  country,  A.D.  1091  or  thereabouts,  was  David  Evan  Fwya  (the 
'•  greater,"  or  perhaps  "  senior  "),  whose  father  was  Gwilym  Ddu.  A  junior  gr.  grandson  of 
his,  William  ap  Davidr  founded  the  family  of  Nydfywch;  and  a  senior  gr.  grandson,  brother 
of  the  former,  named  Evan  ap  David,  was  of  Penlle'rgaer. 

To  Evan  ap  David  succeeded  at  Penlle'rgaer  his  son  Griffith,  his  grandson  Rees,  and  gr. 
grandson  John  ap  Rees,  with  whom  originated  the  surname  Price.  He  lived  in  the  time  of 
Elizabeth  ;  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Roger  Seys,  Esq.,  of  Boverton,  Attorney-General  for  South 
Wales,  by  Elizabeth  Voss,  heiress  of  Boverton  (see  Seys  of  Boverton,  and  Voss  of  do.).  His 
son  Griffith  Price  succeeded  at  Penlle'rgaer,  and  was  followed  by  four  generations  of  his 
descendants  (Thomas  Price  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorganshire  1739),  under  the  last  of  whom, 
Griffith  Price,  Esq.,  barrister-at-law,  issue  male  failed.  He  m.  Jane,  dau.  and  h.  of  Henry 
Matthew  of-Nydfywch  (thus  reuniting  the  two  families,  the  latter  having  adopted  the  surname 
Matthew  from  Matthew  ap  John  ap  William  of  that  place),  and  had  a  dau.  Mary,  who  d.  s.p. 
He  m.  a  second  time,  but  had  no  issue.  By  his  will  he  devised  the  Penlle'rgaer  estate  to  his 
cousin  John  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  of  Ynysygerwn,  near  Neath  (Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1790),  in 
whose  family  it  still  continues.  (See  Lleivelyn  of  Penlle'rgaer  and  Ynysygerwn.) 


Evans  of  Gnoll. 

This  important  family,  which  ended  in  the  marriage  of  the  heiress  with  Sir  Humphrey 
Mackworth,  a  lawyer  and  a  celebrated  mine  proprietor  (began  his  mining  operations  at 
Neath,  1695),  resided  at  Gnoll,  near  Neath,  for  six  or  seven  generations.  They  derived 
from  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  through  Morgan  Fychan  Leyson,  the  second  son  of  Evan  ap 
Leyson,  who  m.  a  dau.  of  Jenkyn  ap  Rhys  ap  Llewelyn,  of  Glyn  Ne"dd. 

In  the  fourth  generation,  Evan  ap  David  ap  Evan  is  said  to  be  "of  Neath  or  Gnoll." 
His  son,  David  Evans,  who  began  the  surname,  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1562  ;  David 
Evans,  his  grandson,  held  the  same  office  in  1632.  This  last  David  m.  Elinor,  dau.  of  Sir 
Walter  Rice,  of  Newton— the  absurd  name  attempted  for  a  time  to  be  given  to  the  venerable 
Dinefawr  (Carm.).  He  had  an  eldest  son,  Edward  Evans,  Esq ,  of  Gnoll,  who  m.  Frances, 
dau.  of  Sir  William  Button,  Knt,  and  had  issue,  besides  Mary,  who  m.  Walter  Evans,  Esq., 
of  Llwyn-eryr,  the  original  of  "  Eaglesbush,"  a  son  (see  Evans  of  EaglesbusK) , — 

Herbert,  afterwards  Sir  Herbert  Evans,  Knt.,  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1661,  who  m. 
Anne,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Pencryg.  He  had  issue  five  daughters, 
who  all  d.  s.  p.  except  one,  who,  eventually  sole  heiress,  m.  Humphrey  Mackworth, 
knighted  1682. 

The  arms  of  Evans  of  The  Gnoll  were  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant' s — Gu.,  three  chevrons  arg. 

The  Mackworths  were  originally  from  Mackworth,  in  Derbyshire;  there  was  a  Humphrey 
Mackworth  of  Betton,  in  Salop;  but  Sir  Humphrey  Mackworth  came  to  Wales  from  Bentley, 
parish  of  Tardely,  Worcestershire.  He  was  created  a  knight  only,  but  the  family,  an 
ancient  one,  had  had  a  baronetcy  in  it,  cr.  in  1619,  in  the  person  of  Thomas  Mackworth, 
of  Normanton  ;  and  this  title  was  revived  in  1776  in  the  person  of  Sir  Humphrey  of  the 


5S'>  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

Gnoll's  grandson,  Sir  Herbert  Mackworth,  Bart.,  M.P.  for  Cardiff  1768,  1774,  1780,  and 
1784,^.  1792. 

Sir  Robert  Mackworth,  his  son,  m.  1792,  but  d.  1794,  s.  p.,  when  the  title  devolved  upon 
his  brother,  Sir  Digby ;  but  the  estate  had  been  devised  to  his  widow,  who  m.  Capel 
Hanbury  Leigh,  Esq.,  of  Pontypool  Park,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Mon.  Gnoll  Castle  was 
afterwards  sold  to  the  late  Henry  John  Grant,  and  since  his  death  has  been  again  sold. 
Sir  Digby  Mackworth  was  of  Glen-Usk,  in  Mon.,  where  his  descendants  still  are  seated. 

Cradock  of  Long  Ash. — This  family  are  only  supposed  to  be  of  kindred  origin  with  the 
Cradocks  of  Cheriton.  "  J.  H."  could  not  "  find  their  line  exactly ; "  but  they  "  were  at 
Long  Ash  very  long,  for  I  saw  a  deed,"  he  says,  "  dated  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  IV., 
that  John  Cradock  of  Long  Ash,  yeoman,  purchased  a  close  called  the  Hams,  part  of  the 
tenement  of  Harry  ap  Owen."  This  family  continued  for  eight  or  nine  generations  from  Philip 
Cradock,  who  lived  at  Long  Ash  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  but  whether  all  the  time  at  the  same 
place  we  have  no  means  of  knowing.  They  seem  to  have  disappeared  with  Elizabeth 
Cradock,  who  m.~"  Owen  Evan,  clerk."  A  note  by  "  J.  H."  says,  "  And  it  is  further  to  be 
remembered  that  the  said  William  Cradock,  sen.,  upon  the  account  of  disinheriting  his 
daughter,  Katherine,  was  very  much  troubled  in  conscience,  as  he  said ;  then  he  settled 
other  lands  on  her  and  her  heirs,  which  they  still  enjoy  \drca  1720],  viz.,  the  two  new 
parks,  Northways,  Blindwell,  and  other  lands  in  Bishopston,  and  the  Field  :  the  deeds 
and  writings  touching  the  same  I  have  seen." 

Thomas  of  Llanbradach. — Thomas  Bevan  of  Llanbradach  (d.  circa  1500),  son  of  Evan 
Llewelyn  David  (see  MS.  of  Sir  Isaac  Heard,  Clarencieux,  ed.  by  Sir  T.  Phillipps,  Bart,  and 
D.  Jenkin's  MS.),  brother  of  Gwilyrn  David  of  Rhiwperra,  Esq.,  m.  Ann,  dau.  of  Lewis 
Richard  Gwyn,  Esq.,  "of  Upper  Senghenydd,  that  is,  Morlais  Castle."  His  son,  Rhys 
Thomas,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Richard  Came,  Esq.,  of  Nash.  His  gr.  grandson,  Thomas 
Thomas,  m.  Dorothy,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Carew,  Knt.,  Sheriff  of  Pembr.  1622. 

William  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanbradach,  his  son,  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1675,  had  as 
wife  a  dau.  of  Thomas  Morgan  of  Machen  (the  Tredegar  house).  His  son  Thomas  was 
Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1705,  and  his  gr.  grandson  James  in  1728,  on  whose  death  with- 
out issue  the  estate  of  Llanbradach  fell  to  his  kinsman  (father's  brother),  William  Thomas, 
Esq.,  of  Tredommen.  William's  line  terminated  through  the  failure  of  issue  in  his  gr. 
grandson,  Thomas  Thomas,  Esq.  The  present  Mrs.  Thomas  of  Llwyn  Madoc  in  Brecon- 
shire  is  of  this  family. 

Jenkins  of  Hensol. — This  family  is  principally  known  through  one  of  its  members,  "  Judge 
Jenkins  of  Hensol,"  and  the  noble  house  into  which  it  finally  merged.  Of  the  line  of  Einion 
Sais  and  Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch,  Lord  of  Brecon,  Jenkin  ap  Richard  m.  Jennet,  dau.  of  Evan 
ap  William  Sir  Howel  ap  William  ap  Hopkin  ap  Evan  ap  Leyson,  grandson  of  Morgan,  Lord 
of  Avan  (after  whom  it  is  supposed  Morga«  or  Margaw  Abbey  was  called).  Jenkin's  son 
was  David  Jenkins,  barrister-at-law,  ultimately  judge  of  the  Western  Circuit  of  V/ales 
under  Charles  I., — a  man  of  great  force  of  character  and  some  eccentricity,  named  "  Heart 
of  Oak  "  and  "  Pillar  of  the  Law."  Being  a  staunch  royalist,  he  took  an  active  part  against 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGAN.  587 

the  Parliament  during  the  civil  war;  was  made  prisoner  at  Hereford  1645  ;  sent  to  the  Tower; 
refused  to  kneel  at  the  bar  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and  was  fined  for  his  contempt  ^1,000, 
was  impeached  for  high  treason,  and  when  an  Act  was  passed  for  his  trial,  he  met  it  with  the 
declaration  that  he  would  "  die  with  the  Bible  under  one  arm  and  Magna  Charta  under 
another !  " — a  virtuous  declaration,  but  one  somewhat  inconsistent  for  an  adherent  of  the 
Stuarts.  Being,  however,  liberated  in  1656,  on  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.,  he  returned  to 
his  estate  in  Glamorganshire,  where  he  ended  his  days,  and  was  buried  at  Cowbridge.  He 
m.  Cecil,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas  Aubrey,  Kt.,  of  Llantrithyd,  by  whom,  besides  other  children, 
he  had  a  son  David  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Hensol,  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1685,  who  m.  Mary, 
dau.  and  co-h.  of  Edward  Pritchard,  Esq.,  of  Llancayach,  and  left  a  son  Richard,  who  d.  s.  p., 
and  a  dau.  Cecil,  whose  husband  was  Charles  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Castell  Menych  (Monk's 
Castle).  She  had  one  dau.,  Cecil,  who,  as  heiress  of  Hensol,  brought  that  property,  as  well 
as  Castell  Menych,  to  her  husband,  Charles  Talbot,  1717,  Solicitor-General  to  the  Prince  of 
Wales  1733,  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England  by  the  title  Baron  Hensol  of  Hensol,  co.  of 
Glamorgan.  (See  further  Hensol  Castle.) 

Thomas  of  Danygraig. — Members  of  this  family  married  with  Mansels  of  Briton-Ferry, 
Middletons  of  Middleton  Hall,  Carm. ;  but  they  were  of  short  continuation  at  Danygraig, 
having  become  extinct  early  in  the  i8th  century.  They  traced  their  lineage,  according  10 
"J.  H.'s"  MS.,  from  Einion  ap  Collwyn  through  Owen  Philip,  Portreeve  of  Swansea,  1600,  eldest 
son  of  Philip  John  ap  Rhys  of  Glyn-Nedd.  In  the  fourth  generation  from  Owen,  Walter  Thomas 
m.  Catherine,  dau.  of  Hopkin  David  Edward  of  Danygraig,  and  had  issue  William,  his 
successor,  who  m.  Catherine,  dau.  of  Arthur  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Briton-Ferry.  William  had 
several  daus.  and  two  sons,  Walter  and  William,  both  of  whom  d.  s.  p.,  but  the  younger,  the 
survivor,  "  gave  all  his  estate,  except  the  customary  lands  in  the  parish  of  Oystermouth,  to 
his  uncle,  Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Briton-Ferry,  his  mother's  brother."  It  seems  that  William 
Thomas,  sen.,  son-in-law  of  Arthur  Mansel,  was,  like  many  of  the  Mansels,  of  strong  royalist 
sentiments,  and  "  suffered  much  for  his  loyalty  to  King  Charles  I.  He  was  obliged  to  sell 
part  of  his  estate  at  Llandilo-Talybont,  which  consisted  of  fee-farms,  in  order  to  prevent  its 
being  sequestered  in  those  troublesome  times,  and  retired  to  Carmarthen,  where  he  lived 
some  years,  and  then  returned  to  Swansea.  He  lies  buried  in  the  south  aisle  of  the  church 
there,  and  has  a  handsome  large  monument  [now  gone]  erected  to  his  memory. — J.  H." 

The  arms  borne  by  Thomas  of  Danygraig,  according  to  "  J.  H.'s"  MS.,  were — Sa.,  a 
clievron  between  three fleurs  de  Us  arg.  If  so,  the  arms  of  Collwyn  ap  Tangno,  of  North  Wales, 
must  have  been  adopted  by  mistake  for  Einion  ap  Collwyn,  the  real  ancestor. 

Thomas  of  Wemioe  Castle. — A  family  of  Welsh  origin,  and  known  by  the  name  Thomas, 
lived  on  their  inheritance  at  Wenvoe  in  the  latter  part  of  the  fifteenth  century,  when  the 
heiress  of  Thomas  ap  Thomas  m.  levan  Harpway  of  Tre  Simon,  descended  from  an  old 
family  in  Herefordshire,  who  thereupon  assumed  the  surname  Thomas  and  dwelt  at  Wenvoe. 
His  son  Thomas  m.  first  a  Basset,  secondly  a  Carne ;  and  his  grandson  John  Thomas  01 
Wenvoe  m.  Anne,  dau.  of  Rees  Meyrick  of  Cottrel  (the  author  of  Morganice  Archceographia). 
A  later  descendant,  Edmund  Thomas  of  Wenvoe  Castle,  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1626; 
his  grandson  Edmund  filled  the  same  office  in  1665  ;  and  his  gr.  grandson,  created  a  baronet 


588  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

in  1694,  was  sheriff  in  1700.  His  title,  on  his  death  s.  p.  in  1703,  devolved  upon  his  brother, 
Sir  Edmund  Thomas,  who  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  John  Howe  of  Stowell,  co.  of 
Gloucester.  His  son,  Sir  Edmund  Thomas,  Bart,  of  Wenvoe  Castle,  M.P.  for  Wilts  1759, 
was  succeeded  in  1767  by  his  eldest  son  Edmund,  who  d.  unm.  1789,  having  previously  sold 
the  Wenvoe  Castle  estate  to  Peter  Birt,  Esq.,  while  the  title  descended  to  his  brother,  Sir 
John  Thomas,  who  resided  in  England,  whose  representative  at  the  present  time  is  Sir  George 
Vignoles  Thomas,  ninth  baronet  (b.  1856),  of  the  Plas,  Chingford,  Essex,  who  bears  the 
ancient  arms  of  Thomas  of  Wenvoe — Sa.,  a  chevron  and  canton  ermine. 

Meyrick  of  Cottrel. — The  name  of  this  family,  long  extinct,  has  become  familiar  to  our 
age  through  Rees  Meyrick,  author  of  a  valuable  historical  work  entitled  Morgania  Archceo- 
graphia.  It  was  written  A.D.  1578,"  and  first  printed  a  few  years  ago  by  the  late  Sir  Thomas 
Phillipps,  Bart.  Rees  Meyrick,  or,  as  he  seems  to  have  written  it,  Mireke,  was  of  Cottrel, 
near  Cardiff,  where  his  ancestor,  Meurig  ap  Hywel,  ninth  in  descent  from  Cynfyn  Fychan, 
of  the  line  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn,  was  the  first  to  settle.  We  know  little  of  the  successors  of 
Rees  Meyrick  of  Cottrel,  except  that  one  of  them,  Morgan  Meyrick,  probably  son  of  Rees, 
was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1609.  We  have  seen  above  that  John  Thomas,  Esq.,  of 
Wenvoe,  m.  Anne,  a  dau.  of  Rees  Meyrick  of  Cottrel. 

The  arms  of  Meyrick  of  Cottrel  were  those  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn — Sa.,  a  clicvron  arg. 
between  three  fleurs- delis  of  the  same. 

Prichard  of  Collate,  or  Collenau. — This  family  sprung  from  that  of  Gibbon  of  Trecastle 
in  Gower,  of  the  sept  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn.  (See  Gibbon  of  Trecastle}  Evan  ap  Richard, 
second  son  of  Richard  Gibbon,  was  the  first  of  this  branch  line.  He  m.  Gvvenllian,  heiress 
of  William  Thomas  of  Collene,  and  settled  at  that  place  about  the  year  1500.  For  several 
generations  the  names  of  the  representatives  continued  to  vary  from  Evan  ap  Richard 
(Prichard)  and  Richard  ap  Evan  (Bevan)  until  about  the  ninth,  when  with  Evan  Prichard, 
Esq.,  of  Collene,  this  surname  obtained  dominance,  and  continued  for  three  or  four  gene- 
rations. From  this  family  issued  the  Prichards  of  Tylcha,  descendants  of  Thomas  Prichard, 
fourth  son  of  Richard  Bevan  (ap  Evan),  the  sixth  of  Collene ;  and  maternally  the  Bevans  of 
Trevarryg  in  Llantrisant.  Trecastle  was  before  called  Scurlage  Castle. 

All  these  used  the  arms  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn.     (See  Meyrick  of  Cottrel.} 

Powell  of  Llanharan  and  Maesteg. — From  Einion  ap  Collwyn  through  the  old  family  of 
Powells  of  Llangynwyd,  or  Llwydiarth,  and  Coytrehen  (Thomas  Powell  of  Coytrehen  was 
Sheriff  for  Glamorgan  1673),  was  descended  Rees  Powell  of  Maesteg,  son  of  John  Gwyn  ap 
Hovvell,  a  younger  son  of  Llwydiarth.  His  third  successor  at  Maesteg,  Gervase  Powell,  Esq., 
m.  "Catherine  Oliver,  heiress  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  Chapel,  parish  of  Llantrisant,  commonly 
called  '  Capel  levan  Bedyddiwr.'  "  His  son  was  Rees  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Llanharan,  who  was 
father  of  Rets  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Llanharan, — "one  of  the  most  worthy  gentlemen  ever 
brought  up  in  Glamorgan  in  learning,  piety,  and  charity  to  the  poor."  He  d.  unmarried 
1738,  aged  about  twenty-five.  His  brother  William,  heir  of  Llanharan,  d.  also  unm.  in  1770, 
whereupon  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Gervase  Powell,  LL.B.,  rector  of  Llanfigan  and  Merthyr 
Tydfil,  succeeded.  He  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Charles  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Scethrog,  Brec., 


CHIEF  MEN-THE  CROMWELL  FAMILY.  5?g 

and  had  issue  three  daus.,  co-heiresses,  who  all  married  and  divided  the  estate.     Llanharan 
mansion  and  demesne  were  afterwards  purchased  by  Richard  Hoare  Jenkins,  Esq. 

The  arms  of  Powell  of  Llanharan  were  those  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn, — Sa.,  a  chevron  arg. 
between  three  fleurs-de  Us  of  the  same. 

Note. — Chief  Men  of  the  Cromwellian  Period. 

The  cause  of  the  Parliament  and  nation,  as  against  the  despotic  tendencies  of  Charles  I., 
found  in  Glamorgan  a  number  of  heroic  supporters.  For  the  most  part  men  in  the  prime  of 
life,  in  some  instances  only  entering  upon  the  stage  of  mature  manhood,  earnest,  consci- 
entious, energetic,  their  service  to  the  popular  interest  was  immense,  although  their  number 
was  but  small.  Chief  among  these  men  were  Bussy  Mansel,  of  Briton  Ferry ;  Rowland 
Davvkin,  of  Kilvrough  ;  John  Price,  of  Gellihir,  in  Gower;  and  Col.  Philip  Jones,  of  Swansea. 
Except  John  Price,  they  all  rose  to  high  command  in  the  army;  became  members  of 
Cromwell's  parliament;  and  the  last-named,  Philip  Jones,  a  man  of  remarkable  ability 
and  high  integrity,  became  comptroller  of  the  Lord  Protector's  household,  and  was  elevated 
in  1658  to  the  House  of  Lords.  Having  purchased  the  estate  of  Fonmon  Castle,  after  the 
Restoration  he  was  permitted  to  retire  to  his  home,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
days  in  comparative  ease  and  quiet.  (See  further,  Jones  of  Fonmon  Castle?)  Arms :  A 
chevron  arg.  between  three  spear-heads  of  the  same  embrued.^ 


THE  CROMWELL  FAMILY. 

The  county  of  Glamorgan  nurtured  the  Welsh  forefathers  of  Oliver-  Cromwell.  That 
man,  whose  thought  was  action,  whose  measures  so  materially  influenced  the  fortunes  of 
this  country,  and  who  on  more  than  one  occasion  betrayed  a  leaning  in  favour  of  Wales, 
was  well  aware,  when  battering  the  castle  of  Cardiff,  that  he  was  then  in  the  near  vicinity  of 
the  cradle  whence  his  family  had  sprung.  Noble,  in  his  laborious  Memoirs  of  the  Protectoral 
House  of  Cromwell,  has  carefully  investigated  the  Welsh  descent  of  the  Protector,  tracing  the 
paternal  lineage  from  son  to  father  in  direct  line  to  Morgan  Williams  of  Whitchurch  (jEglwys 
NcwydtF),  near  Llanclaff,  descended  from  the  lords  of  the  ancient  Comot  of  Cibwr  (Kibbor), 
of  the  line  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Prince  of  Powys.  Maternally,  he  was  of  the  family  of 
Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  of  Essex,  whose  surname  was  assumed.  An  ancestor  of  Morgan 
Williams,  William  Morgan  ap  John  of  Whitchurch,  was  of  the  privy  council  of  Henry  VII. 

A.D.  1495.     Morgan  Williams  of  Whitchurch  m. ,  dau.  of  Walter  Cromwell  of  Putney, 

Middlesex,  and  sister  of  Lord  Thomas  Cromwell,  "  blacksmith  or  ironmaster's  son,  the 
Malleus  Monachorum,  or,  as  old  Fuller  renders  it,  '  Mauler  of  Monasteries.'  " — (Carlyle.)  He 
had  issue  a  son,  Richard,  who  adopted  his  mother's  maiden  surname,  now  become  celebrated 
in  the  person  of  his  uncle,  the  great  minister  of  Henry  VIII.  and  friend  of  Cardinal  Wolsey. 
Richard  (gr.  gr.  grandfather  of  Oliver,  Protector)  became  Sir  Richard  Cromwell,  Kt,  "  a  right- 
hand  man  of  the  Mauler  of  Monasteries,"  was  made  one  of  the  Privy  Chamber  of 
Henry  VIII.,  1527,  and  was  given  the  lordship  of  Neath,  with  the  suppression  of  the  abbey 
of  which  place  he  had  probably  something  to  do.  In  two  MS.  letters  in  the  British  Museum, 
addressed  ("1536)  to  Lord  Cromwell,  he  expressly  signs  himself  "your  most  bounden 


590  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

nephew," — which  establishes  the  truth  of  the  pedigree  (Cotton  MSS.,  Cleop.  E.  iv.,  204). 
Carlyle  has  shown  that  this  Sir  Richard  "  has  signed  himself  in  various  law  deeds  and 
notarial  papers,  still  extant,  '  Richard  Cromwell,  alias  Williams ; '  also  that  his  sons  and 
grandsons  continued  to  sign  '  Cromwell,  alias  Williams,'  and  even  that  our  Oliver  himself,  in 
his  youth,  has  been  known  to  sign  so."  (Letters,  &°t.,  of  Cromwell,  i.,  24.)  Sir  Richard's  son, 
Sir  Henry  Cromwell,  Kt.,  of  Hinchinbrook,  Hunts,  m.  Joan,  dau.  and  h.  of  Sir  Philip  Warren, 
and  had  three  sons : — i,  Sir  Oliver  Cromwell,  Kt.  of  the  Bath  at  the  coronation  of  James  I., 
1603,  who  m.  Lady  Anne,  widow  of  Sir  Horatio  Palavicini ;  2,  Robert  ;  3,  Henry.  The 
second  son,  Robert,  living  at  Huntingdon,  m.,  about  1591,  Elizabeth  Steward,  the  young 
widow  of  William  Lynne,  Esq.,  of  Bassingbourne,  Cambr.,  and  dau.  of  William  Steward,  Esq., 
of  Ely,  said  by  the  genealogists  to  have  "indubitably  descended  from  the  royal  Stuart 
family  of  Scotland."  He  had  ten  children,  of  whom  Oliver  was  the  fifth.  Of  the  ten,  seven 
survived  to  manhood,  but  the  only  son  who  so  survived  was  Oliver.  The  spot  where  Oliver 
was  born  is  still  familiar  to  all  who  know  Huntingdon,  but  the  house  has  been  twice  rebuilt, 
and  has  lost  every  trace  whatever  of  the  home  of  Oliver's  youth.  Robert  Oliver  was  a 
considerable  owner  of  land  around  Huntingdon,  and  his  eldest  brother,  Sir  Henry  Cromwell, 
lived  in  the  great  house  of  Hinchinbrook  close  by.  The  little  brook  Hinchin  ran  through 
Robert's  lands  and  courtyard  of  his  house,  where  it  is  believed  a  brewer  had  once  carried  on 
his  business — a  circumstance  which  was  easily  converted  by  his  detractors  into  proof  that 
Cromwell's  father  was  himself  a  "brewer"!  As  Carlyle  remarks,  "the  splenetic  credulity 
and  incredulity,  the  calumnious  opacity,  the  exaggerative  ill-nature,  and  general  flunkeyism 
and  stupidity  of  mankind,  are  ever  to  be  largely  allowed  for  in  such  circumstances."  Robert 
Cromwell  sat  once  in  Parliament  in  his  younger  days  (1593);  is  found  on  various  public 
Commissions  for  draining  the  fens ;  served  as  magistrate  at  Quarter  Sessions,  &c.,  and  was 
generally  a  man  of  energy  and  mark. 

•  Oliver  Cromwell,  his  fifth  child,  student  of  the  law,  afterwards  a  gentleman  farmer  at  St. 
Ives,  officer  in  the  army,  and  finally  Lord  Protector  of  England,  was  born  25th  April,  1599  ; 
in.,  Aug.,  1620,  in  London,  Elizabeth  Bourchier,  dau.  of  Sir  James  Bourchier,  Knt.,  of 
London,  and  Felstead,  Essex.  He  was  then  in  his  twenty-first  year,  and  had  taken  up  his 
residence  with  his  mother  at  St.  Ives,  Hunts.  His  dwelling  was  Slepe  Hall  House  :  the  great 
barn  where  he  treasured  his  corn,  and  by  and  by  drilled  his  soldiers,  still  stands;  but  nearly 
all  other  memorials  of  him  at  St.  Ives  have  vanished.  Troublous  times  arose,  and  Oliver 
was  not  a  man  to  loiter  when  he  thought  duty  called.  He  was  therefore  soon  in  the 
active  public  world — in  Parliament,  in  the  field,  in  the  thick  of  battle.  His  life  hence- 
forth is  known  to  all  men.  He  became  the  foremost  man,  as  well  as  the  "  best  abused  " 
man  in  all  England. 


ANCIENT  MANORS  OF  GLAMORGAN.  591 

SECTION  VII— THE  MANORS  OF  GLAMORGAN  IN  THE  SEVENTEENTH 

CENTURY. 

The  following  succinct  description  of  the  ancient  manorial  demesnes  of  Glamorgan  as 
they  stood  about  200  years  ago  is  so  full,  of  topographical  and  personal  fact  and  allusion, 
that-  its  insertion  here  cannot  fail  to  be  of  interest  to  the  historical  and  antiquarian  reader. 
It  is  extracted  from  the  valuable  MS.  of  Glamorganshire  Pedigrees,  once  in  the  possession  of 
Sir  Isaac  Heard,  Kt.,  Clarencieux  King-at-Arms,  printed  by  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps, 
Bart.,  1845.  The  original  MS.  of  which  this  was  a  copy  certified  by  Sir  Isaac  Heard  had 
evidently  been  written  at  different  times,  and  by  different  persons,  but  completed  about  1771, 
its  latest  and  concluding  date.  Internal  evidence  clearly  suggests  that  the  more  recent 
portion  of  it  was  the  work  of  a  member  of  the  family  of  Truman,  of  Pant-y-Llwydd,  whose 
pedigree  is  fully  given,  with  the  date  1770  several  times  repeated.  Other  parts  are  about 
a  century  earlier,  doubtless  brought  together  from  the  productions  of  different  hands  by 
the  last  compiler.  Thus,  in  the  pedigree  of  Mansel  of  Briton  Ferry,  Bussy  Mansel  is 
described  as  "now  of  Brytonfery,  1678;"  Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Knt.  and  Bart.,  as  "now  of 
Muddlescum,  1678;"  "William  Herbert,  now  of  Kilybebyll,  1678;"  and  "Rowland 
Harys,  now  of  Bryn  Coch,  1678." 

The  age  of  that  portion  of  the  MS.  here  extracted  cannot  be  determined  with  like  pre- 
cision ;  but  from  fair  inference  it  appears  to  be  generally  contemporaneous  with  the  dates 
last  mentioned.  Thus,  manors  are  given  as  then  "  belonging  to  Sir  John  Aubrey,  Knt.,  of 
Llantrithyd  ; "  and  we  know  that  Sir  John  flourished  both  before  and  after  the  end  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  "  Richard  Lychwr  "  is  one  of  three  described  as  persons  who  "  do 
present  a  minister  to  the  church  of  Newton  Nottage."  The  last  Richard  Lougher  d.  in 
1701.  Then  we  have  "Manors  belonging  to  Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Knt.,  Bart."  Sir  Edward 
was  sheriff  of  this  co.  in  1688;  M.P.  1660,  1680,  and  1685,  &c. ;  and  entertained  at 
Margam  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  on  his  lordly  progress  through  Wales  in  1684.  Of  Avon 
Wallia  it  is  said  that  it  had  "  two  courts  and  three  parishes,"  and  "  Mr.  Bushi  Mansel  is 
patron  of  these  three  churches."  Mr.  Bussy  Mansel  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1678. 
These  allusions  are  conclusive  of  the  age  of  this  important  document,  while  its  own 
contents  make  it  manifest  that  the  writer  was  competent  from  local  knowledge  and  skill  in 
grouping  relevant  information  for  the  task  of  writing  on  the  subject.  It  requires  similar 
local  knowledge  to  determine  how  far"  these  manors  continue  in  our  time  to  belong  to 
lineal  representatives,  where  existing,  of  the  former  possessors.  The  greater  part  of  the 
manors  of  the  "  Earl  of  Pembroke  "  are  still  vested  in  the  Marquis  of  Bute. 


THE  MANORS  OF  THE  EARL  OF  PENBROCK  IN  THE  COUNTY  OF  GLAMORGAN. 

The  said  earl  hath  the  Castle  of  Cardiffe  (which  stands  in  the  manor  of  Roath) ;  the  manor  of  Llys-Talybout  ; 
the  manor  of  Leek  [Llech]  with  that  of  Cayre  [q.  Caerau?]  ;  St.  George's — which  are  free,  copyhold,  ami 
demesne  lands.  Michelston-super-Ely  is  of  like  tenure.  The  lord  is  patron  of  the  church  there,  and  of  the 
church  of  St.  George's. 

St.  Nicholas  is  divided  between  the  said  earl,  Martin  Button,  Esq.,  and  the  heir  of  Cottrel,  and  the 
patronage  of  that  church  belongs  to  them  by  turns.  Walterston,  within  the  parish  of  Llancarvan  ;  Llanvaes, 


592  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

that  was  sometime  two  parts,  one  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  then  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  and  the  other 
part  belonging  to  Malefant,  that  married  the  heiress  of  Fleming,  but  the  Earl  of  Penbrock  hath  it  entire,  and 
is  patron  of  the  church  there. 

Bn-erton  and  Llantwit- Major  was  kept  by  Sir  Robert  Fitzhamon  in  his  own  hand,  which  he  kept  in 
husbandry  for  provision  of  corn  towards  his  house  at  CardiflTe.  It  is  a  spacious  lordship,  in  circuit  about  four 
miles,  having  about  900  acres  of  land  in  demesne,  free,  and  customary  lands,  and  every  tenant  upon  his  death 
or  alienation  of  his  customary  lands  payeth  the  best  beast,  and  for  want  of  a  beast  55.  in  the  name  of  a  heriott 
\lifriot— a  fine  due  in  copyhold  estates  to  the  lord  of  the  manor,  on  death  of  holder].  The  Dean  of  Gloucester 
hath  the  tithe  corn  there.  Basset  hath  the  advowson  there.  There  are  four  wells  of  wholesome  water  in  this 
manor,  and  none  of  them  drieth  in  summer.  They  call  them  Odnants,  Odnais,  Sigin  Well,  and  Six  Wells. 
They  run  in  one  stream  into  Severn,  at  Colehugh.  Six  Wells  springeth  in  the  south,  and  runneth  northward 
into  Severn  ;  Sigin  Well  runneth  towards  the  south,  thither,  and  yet  there  is  neither  mountain  nor  hill  to  urge 
the  two  springs  thus  contrary. 

Lantwit  Rawlfigh  is  in  the  west  part  of  Lantwit  parish,  and  was  purchased  by  William,  the  eldest  brother 
of  Philip,  Earl  of  Penbrock,  of  Sir  Thomas  Baglan,  Knt.  Llanbleithian  is  a  large  manor  ;  it  came  by  marrying 
Quirrjin's  heiress  to  Seward,  Lord  of  Talyvan,  and  when  the  male  issue  of  the  Sewards  failed,  an  heiress  of  the 
last  of  them  married  William  Par,  after  Marquis  of  Northampton ;  and  now  the  Earl  of  Penbrock  is  lord  of  it. 
Eglwys  Brewis,  or  a  great  part  of  it,  belongeth  to  Evan  Sales,  Esq.  It  is  a  fine  little  lordship. 

Ruthyn  containeth  Lanharan,  and  part  of  Lanhilid,  and  part  of  Saint  Mary's  Hill.  This  lordship  was 
given  by  Fitz  Hamon  to  [Madoc]  the  second  son  of  Justyn,  and  is  large  and  spacious ;  the  forest  of  Garth 
Maylwg  is  in  it,  but  the  wood  thereof  was  sold  to  the  Iron  Men  [the  miners  of  Merthyr]. 

Newton  Nottage  contains  1,200  acres  of  land,  and  is  divided  between  the  Earl  of  Penbrock  and  Richard 
Lychwr  [Lougher],  Esq.,  and  the  heir  of  Sir  William  Herbert,  Knt.  It  was  given  by  William,  Earl  of  Gloster 
(then  Lord  of  Glamorgan),  unto  one  Sir  Richard  Cardiflfe,  who  had  one  only  daughter,  that  married  one  Sir 
Thomas  Sanford,  Knt.,  and  had  issue  Sir  Richard  Sanford,  Knt.,  Lord  of  Newton  ;  but  how  the  Sanfords 
went  from  the  same  I  could  not  find  as  yet.  There  are  three  wells  in  this  lordship,  which  flow  and  ebb  twice 
in  twenty-four  hours,  and  at  every  time  contrary  to  the  sea,  whereupon  Sir  John  Stradling,  Knt.,  Baronet, 
moralized. 

The  borough  of  Kynfigge  [Ketifig]  Sir  Robert  Fitz  Hamon  kept  in  his  own  hands,  and  builded  a  castle 
there,  and  used  the  same  as  one  of  his  dwelling-houses.  Howbeit,  in  a  short  time  both  the  town  and  castle 
were  drowned  by  the  sand  of  the  sea,  and  there  remaineth  but  out  cottages,  bearing  the  name  of  the  borough 
of  Kynfigge,  which  hath  the  whole  liberties  yet  remaining,  as  the  said  town  formerly  had  ;  saving  that  the 
weekly  markets  and  annual  faires  are  lost.  The  King's  Majesty  is  patron  of  the  church  there.  Kynfigg  river 
springeth  in  Ceven  Cribwr,  and  runneth  to  Pile,  and  so  under  Kynfygge  Castle  to  the  sea  of  Severn. 

The  borough  of  Avan,  together  with  the  lordship  of  Avon  Walia,  was  given  by  Fitz  Hamon  to  Cradock 
ap  Justyn,  which,  after  many  ages,  fell  to  a  daughter  that  married  one  of  the  Blunts,  that  exchanged  the  same 
with  the  Lord  of  Glamorgan  for  lands  in  England. 

Neatk  Burgus,  with  the  castle,  was  given  in  the  division  by  Sir  Robert  Fitz  Hamon  to  Sir  Richard 
Greenfield,  Knt.  [see  De  Granville],  whose  heir  founded  an  abbey  and  gave  the  lands  there  towards  the  main- 
tenance thereof,  and  went  to  an  estate  that  they  had  in  Devonshire,  near  Bedeford,  to  dwell.  The  lord  is 
patron  of  the  church  there,  and  the  valuation  is  5.  (Sic  MS.)  There  is  in  the  lordship  of  Neath  four  Courts 
Baron,  viz.  :  Neath  Manerium,  Neath  Citra,  Neath  Ultra,  and  Kil-y-Bebyll.  Avan  Walia  hath  two  courts 
and  three  parishes,  viz.  :  Avan  Burgus,  Baglan,  and  Michelston-super-Avan  (otherwise  called  Ynys  Avan). 
Mr.  Bushi  Mansel  is  patron  of  those  three  churches. 

The  borough  of  Cmobridge  was  kept  by  Robert  Fitz  Hamon  in  his  own  hands,  and  the  bailiffs  thereof  do 
still  yield  their  yearly  accompts  at  the  Earl  of  Penbrock's  audits,  for  the  profits  and  perquisitts  of  their  court 
there.  Mr.  Basset  is  patron  of  the  church.  The  fishing  of  Taff,  Rumney,  Ely,  Ogmor,  Avan,  and  Neath,  do 
belong  to  the  Earl  of  Penbrock.  The  Wardsilver,  paid  by  the  several  Gentlemen  of  Ward  that  held  their 
manors  in  knight  service  of  the  said  earl,  as  under  the  Castle  of  Cardiffe,  amounts  to  ^7  95.  ob. 

Saint  Henydd  Subtus  [Lower  Senghenydd],  wherein  the  Red  Castle  is,  once  the  chief  house  of  Ivor  Pettite, 
Lord  of  Saint  Henydd.  Also  Carffili  Castle  and  Gurles  [Morlais]  Castle,  in  Upper  Saint  Henydd,  belongs  to 
the  said  earl,  and  the  patronage  of  Celligar  and  Merthyr  Churches. 

The  castle  and  borough  of  Lantrissent,  with  the  lordships  of  Clun,  Pentyrch,  and  Trewern,  was  given  to 
Einion  ap  Collwyn ;  but  Sir  Robert  Fitz  Hamon  kept  Glynrondde  in  his  own  hands.  There  are  in  the  lord- 
ships of  Miskin  and  Glynrondde  seven  parish  churches,  viz.  :  Lantrissent,  Lantwit  Vairdre,  Ystradtvodwg, 
Lanwnno,  Aberd&r,  Pentyrch,  and  Radyr.  The  Dean  of  Gloster  and  his  lessees  hath  the  tithe  sheaf  there. 
Basset  is  patron  of  the  vicarage  of  Lantrissent. 

The  lordship  of  Glynrondde  butteth  upon  the  south  part  of  Brecknockshire,  and  hath  in  it  a  good  and 
large  common  of  pasture  given  by  Justyn's  father  to  the  tenants,  and  still  called,  after  his  name,  Hir  Wayn 
Wrgait.  Both  Ronddes  spring  in  that  lordship. 

Tir  larll  was  kept  by  Fitz  Hamon  in  his  own  hands,  and  hath  two  parish  churches,  viz.  :  Langynwyd 
and  Bettws  ;  and  hath  in  it  two  tenures,  freehold  and  lease,  or  patent  lands.  .Vnte.  —  That  William  and  Philip, 


ANCIENT  MANORS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


593 


Earls  of  Penbrock,  were  the  greatest  lords  that  had  lands  in   Glamorgan  either  before  or  after  Justyn's  time. 
[See  Pembroke,  Earls  of;  Bute,  Maryuess  of.~\ 

The  Manors  belonging  to  the  Rigkt  Hon.  H.  Marquis  of  Worcester. 

The  castle  and  borough  of  Swansey,  the  castles  of  Ostermouth  and  Caslychwr  ;  Kilvai,  Sub-boscos,  and 
Super-boscos  ;  Penarth,  Hamon,  Kittle,  and  Trewyddva  ;  Penmanor,  part  thereof;  Ilston  ;  Michelston-le-Pit, 
Wrinston,  West  Orchard,  and  Lancarvan,  four  small  lordships.  West  Orchard  hath  no  court  but  at  Michaelmas. 
The  lord  is  patron  of  the  church  of  Michelston-le-Pit. 

Manors  belonging  to  Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Knt.,  Baronet. 

Margam,  Havod  y  Forth,  Laleston,  Pile,  Horgro,  Aber  Kynfigg,  Langewyd,  holden  in  chief  of  the  king, 
Forth  Inon,   Nicholaston,   Scurla  (or   Horton),   and   Penrees.     These  four  lordships  in  Gower  contain  three- 
parishes,  and  the  lord  is  patron  of  the  three  churches  of  Pile  and  Kynfigg,  being  both  but  one  vicarage. 

Manors  of  the  Earl  of  Lester  [Leicester]. 

The  several  lordships  of  Coyty  Anglia,  Coyty  Walia,  Newcastell,  Court  Colman,  Lan  Hary,  and  Newland, 
wherein  are  demesne  lands,  customary,  free,  and  copyhold.  The  lord  is  patron  of  Coyty  Church,  Coe-Church, 
Saint  Bride's  Minor,  and  Lanhary.  Jo.  Gamadge,  Esq.,  bought  Court  Colman  of  Thomas  Lyson,  Doctor  of 
Physick. 

'* 
Manors  that  do  or  did  belong  to  St.  Jo/in,  Earl  of  Bullingbrock  [Bolingtroke]. 

The  castle  of  Penmark,  with  the  lordship,  came  to  the  Saint  Johns  by  marrying  an  heiress  to  one  of  the 
Humphrevills  ;  it  hath  free  and  copyhold  lands.  The  castle  and  lordship  of  Foniinin  butte^h  upon  the  river 
Thawe  :  it  hath  copy  and  free  lands  ;  both  manors  are  in  the  parish  of  Penmark,  and  the  Dean  had  once  the 
tythe  sheaf  and  the  presentation  of  a  vicar  to  the  church. 

The  manor  of  Lancadle  butfe'th  upon  the  eastern  part  of  the  river  Thawe,  within  the  parish  of  Lancarvan. 
It  hath  free  and  copyhold  lands.  It  is  (or  was)  holden  in  soccage  under  the  Earl  of  I'enbrock,  as  they  of  his 
manor  at  Saint  Nicholas.  Cum  Kidi  joineth  with  the  manor  of  Penmark,  and  is  within  the  said  parish,  and 
hath  free  and  copyhold  lands.  It  hath  been  part  of  Humphrevill's  lands.  [See  De  Humfreville.~\ 

For  the  manor  of  Barry  I  find  no  record  to  whom  it  was  given  in  the  division.  Camden  saith  that  it  had 
that  name  from  one  Barricus,  a  holy  man,  bom  and  bred  there.  It  hath  in  it  the  like  tenures  and  two  parish 
churches,  viz. :  Barry  and  Port  Kery  ;  the  lord  is  patron  of  both. 

Manors  once  belonging  to  Cam  \pf  Ewenny\. 

IVenny,  sometime  a  priory,  purchased  (after  the  suppression)  by  Sir  Edward  Cam,  Knt.  It  is  holden  in 
Capite.  The  lord  is  patron  of  the  church  of  Wenny.  Saint  Mary,  by  Cowbridge,  and  Landoch  are  two 
manors  holden  under  the  Castle  of  Cardiffe  by  knight  service.  Colwynston  manor  stands  upon  the  river  Alem. 
It  was  sometime  the  Stradling's  land.  It  owes  knight  service  to  Ogmor  Castle  :  also  part  of  Saint  Bride's 
Major  the  like  tenure. 

Manors  belonging  once  to  Sir  John  Stradling,  Knt.,  Baronet. 

Saint  Donafs  was  given  in  the  division  to  Sir  William  le  Esterling.  Knt.  :  the  lord  is  patron  of  the  church 
there.  Monke  Ash  (or  Nash  Major)  was  the  Greenfields'  [Grenvilles'],  and  given  by  them  to  the  Abbey  of 
Neath,  and  after  the  suppression  purchased  from  Sir  Richard  Cro[m]well,  Knt.,  by  Sir  Thomas  Stradling,  of 
Saint  Donat's,  Knt. 

Lanphe  came  to  the  Stradlings  by  the  marriage  of  Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Knt.,  with  the  heiress  of  Berk- 
rolles.  Lanphe  is  holden  by  knight  service  under  the  Dutchie  of  Lancaster,  and  Merthyr  Mawr  by  knight 
service  under  Lanbleithan.  He  had  also  a  fourth  part  of  Penlline,  under  Cardiffe  Castle. 

Merthyr  Mawr  was  once  the  land  of  the  Sewards,  and  came  to  Berkrolls  by  marrying  an  heiress  of 
Seward  ;  and  from  Barkrolls  to  Stradling,  by  the  above-said  marriage.  Thomas  [?],  Lord  Bishop  of  Landaffe, 
is  patron  of  the  church  there.  Llanmaes,  in  Saint  Pagan's,  situate  on  both  sides  of  Ely,  being  antient  lands 
belonging  to  the  Stradlings. 

Sully,  given  in  the  division  to  Sir  Reynold  Sully,  Knt.,  whose  great-granddaughter  being  an  heiress, 
married  Sir  Lyson  de  Avan,  and  conveyed  the  said  lordship  to  that  name  [see  De  Sully}.  Again,  a  daughter 
and  heiress  to  Sir  Thomas 'de  Avan,  Lord  of  Sully,  married  one  Blunt,  an  English  Knt.,  who  exchanged  her 
lands  in  Wales  with  the  then  Lord  of  Glamorgan  for  lands  in  England.  It. fell  by  escheat  to  the  Crown,  and 
was  purchased  from  Queen  Mary  by  Sir  Thomas  Stradling,  Knt.,  (holden)  de  Rege. 


594  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

East  Orchard  was  given  in  the-division  to  Sir  Roger  Barkrolls,  Knt.,  where  stood  his  chief  dwelling- 
house  [see  De  Berkrolles].  It  is  situate  upon  the  river  Thawe,  and  came  to  the  Stradlings  by  the  aforesaid 
marriage.  It  is  holden  under  Cardiffe  Castle. 

Caslleton  and  West  Orchard  are  both  in  the  parish  of  Saint  Athan,  and  holden  by  knight  service  under  the 
castle  of  Cardiffe.  The  lord  is  patron  of  the  church  there.  Gileston  is  holden  by  Mr.  Giles  from  Sir  John 
Stradling,  Knt.,  by  lease  for  1,000  years  at  £2  per  annum.  Knight  service  under  Castleton.  The  lessee  is 
patron  of  the  church  there  during  the  time. 

Manors  that  belonged  to  Sir  William  Herbert,  Knt. ,  and  after  his  death,  sans  issue,  divided  between  Sir  William 
Dorington,  Knt.,  Mr.  Herbert  of  Cogan  Pill,  and  William  Herbert  of  Swansey,  Esq. 

Roath  Tewkesbury  (so  called  after  the  Lord  of  Glamorgan  had  given  it  to  the  abbey  of  Tewkesbury),  after 
the  suppression  of  the  abbeys  was  purchased  by  Sir  George  Herbert,  Knt.,  the  grandfather  of  Sir  William 
Herbert,  Knt. ;  and  therein  Sir  William  builded  the  fair  house,  called  the  Fryers,  by  Cardiffe  :  holden 
de  Rege. 

Landoch  came  to  Sir  William  Herbert  from  his  great-grandmother,  daughter  and  heiress  to  Sir  Matthew 
Cradock,  Knt.,  which,  after  the  death  of  Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  married  Sir  William  Bawdrip,  Knt.  In  this 
lordship  was  the  chief  dwelling-house  of  Sir  Matthew  Cradock,  Knt.  [see  Llandough  Castle}.  The  lord  is 
patron  of  the  church  there.  It  is  holden  under  the  castle  of  Cardiffe.  He  had  also  part  of  St.  Andrews  and 
Denys  Powis  of  the  King. 

Cantlostown,  once  the  Cantelupes  Land,  and  it  came  first  to  Sir  William  Horton,  Knt.,  by  marrying  the 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Thomas  Cantlo,  Esq.,  and  from  his  granddaughter,  Jonet,  daughter  and  heiress  to 
his  son,  Jenkin  Horton,  to  Sir  Matthew  Cradock,  her  son  and  heir  by  Richard  Cradock,  Esq.,  to  whom  she 
married  ;  and  from  the  heiress  of  Sir  Matthew  Cradock,  to  her  son  and  heir,  Sir  George  Herbert,  Knt.  It 
is  within  the  parish  of  Merthyr  Mawr,  and  is  holden  under  the  castle  of  Lanbleithian.  Comely  was  some- 
time the  Lovells'  Lands,  after,  the  Cradocks',  and  now  the  Herberts',  holden  in  Soccage  under  Kynfigg  Castle. 

A  third  part  of  Newton  Nottage  belonged  to  Sir  William  Herbert.  The  three  lords,  viz.,  the  Earl  of 
Penbrock,  the  heir  of  Sir  William  Herbert,  and  Richard  Lychwr  [Lougher],  Esq.,  do  present  a  minister  to 
the  church  by  turns.  Also  at  Swansey  Sir  William  had  a  fair  dwelling-house  and  much  land  thereunto 
belonging,  and  the  tithe  sheafe  of  Cadoxton  by  Neath.  He  had  also  a  part  of  Penmaen,  and  a  third  part  of 
Langenith,  in  Lower  Gower. 

Manors  belonging  to  Sir  John  Aiybrcy,  of  Lantrithyd,  Knt. 

The  lordship  of  Talyvan,  which  was  sometime  the  Sewards',  purchased  by  John  Thomas  Basset,  Esq., 
of  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  where  are  free,  customary,  lease,  and  copyhold  lands.  Welsh  Saint  Donat's  is 
the  parish  church.  A  great  part  of  Saint  Mary  Hill,  and  the  manor  of  Lan  Madock,  in  Lower  Gower,  belong 
to  the  Knt. 

Lands  of  Edward  Van,  of  Marcross,  Esq. 

Edward  Van,  Esq.,  had  a  moiety  of  Marcross,  and  a  fair  house  at  Lantwit,  and  much  good  land  there- 
unto belonging,  (held)  under  the  Castle  of  Cardiffe. 

Manors  belonging  to  Sir  Edward  Lev'is,  sen.,  Knt.,  of  Van. 

Van,  where  [are]  his  chief  dwelling-house  and  goodly  demesne  thereunto  belonging.  The  manor  of  St. 
Fagan's,  wherein  is  a  fair  house,  builded  by  Dr.  Gibbon,  with  much  demesne  lands  and  rent  belonging  there- 
unto. The  manor  of  Adensfield,  Penmark,  and  Splot,  part  of  the  lordship  of  Peterston  super  Ely.  The 
manor  of  Carn-Llwyd.  The  manor  of  Roath  Kensatn  [Keynsham]  being  part  of  Roath,  given  by  the  Lord  of 
Glamorgan  to  the  abbey  of  Kensam,  and  after  the  suppression  purchased  by  Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  father  to 
Thomas  Lewis. 

The  manor  of  Cornton,  situate  in  Ogmor  Lands  in  the  duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  is  holden  in  knight  service 
under  the  castle  of  Ogmor.  Sir  Edward  Lewis,  Knt.,  had  also  the  manor-house  of  Radyr,  and  the  park  and 
demesne  lands  thereunto  belonging. 

Sir  Francis  Popham,  Knt.,  had  the  manor  of  Cadoxton,  wherein  are  three  tenures,  viz.,  demesne,  free, 
and  copyhold  lands.  There  are  two  churches  in  it,  whereof  the  lord  is  patron. 

Manors  of  Sir  Richard  Basset  of  Bewper. 

Sir  Richard  Basset,  Knt.,  had  the  manor  of  St.  Hilary,  wherein  standeth  Bewper,  his  chief  dwelling- 
house,  and  very  goodly  and  faire  demesnes  thereunto  belonging.  He  had  also  one  moiety  of  Marcross,  and 
goodly  demesne  lands  there.  He  had  also  Vifivere,  wherein  standeth  a  faire  house,  and  goodly  demesne  lands 
thereunto  belonging. 


THE  ANCIENT  DIVISIONS  OF  GLAMORGAN.  595 


The  Ancient  Divisions  of  Glamorgan. 

The  boundaries  and  divisions  of  Glamorgan  and  Monmouthshire  before  the  Norman 
conquest  are  not  clearly  ascertain  able.  But  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  for  doubting  that 
from  the  end  of  the  Roman  period  (fifth  century),  when  the  Severn  washed  the  western  side 
of  Britannia  Prima,  and  the  consolidation  of  the  Saxon  states  under  Egbert  (ninth  century), 
when  the  Wye  rather  than  the  Severn  was  the  western  boundary  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  dominion, 
the  country  between  the  Severn  and  the  Wye  had  belonged  more  to  Wales  than  to  England, 
and  had  a  population  almost  entirely  British.  Here  Elystan  Glodrudd  is  said  to  have 
ruled  a  territory  known  by  the  various  names,  Fferyllwg,  Ferleg,  Ferlex.  From  the  Wye 
westward,  however,  the  country  was  always  considered  as  belonging  purely  and  simply  to  the 
Welsh,  as  it  has  continued  to  this  day  part  of  Wales.  Monmouth  and  Glamorgan— the 
former  popularly  considered,  and  in  some  enactments  named  as  in  England — were  before 
the  Norman  age  and  formation  of  the  Lordship  Marcher  of  Glamorgan  generally  associated 
together  under  the  title  of  Gwent  and  Morganwg,  and  doubtless  (along  with  surrounding 
districts)  inhabited  by  a  clan  or  division  of  the  Britons  which  recognised  a  bond  of  common 
origin  or  interest — the  Silures,  although  the  land  was  partitioned  under  two  or  more  rulers. 

This  region  maintained,  also,  a  kind  of  separateness  from  South  Wales.  It  was  not  a 
portion  at  any  time  (except  when  force  prevailed)  of  the  wider  country  known  as  the  "  south 
part"  of  Wales,  or  Deheubarth;  it  was  not  included  in  either  of  the  three  provinces  or 
kingdoms  into  which  Rhodri  the  Great  (ninth  century),  King  of  Wales,  divided  his  dominions 
between  his  sons.  Howel  Dda,  King  of  South  Wales,  was  considered  an  interloper  when 
attempting  to  obtain  rule  in  Glamorgan,  and  was  checked  by  Edgar,  the  English  king. 

But  not  even  the  conquest  of  this  region  by  the  Normans,  and  their  long  and  powerful 
rule  over  it,  in  the  slightest  degree  obliterated  the  public  sense  that  the  country  of  Morgan 
and  the  Gwenta  of  the  Silures  still  belonged  to  and  formed  an  essential  part  of  Wales.  The 
ancient  British  division  into  cantrefs  and  comots,  made  perhaps  in  the  time  of  Howel  Dda, 
or  possibly  first  originated  and  fully  systematized  by  Prince  Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd  (thirteenth 
century) — they  were  certainly  formally  defined  and  established  by  that  prince — extended  to 
Glamorgan  and  Gwent  as  well  as  to  any  other  part  of  Wales,  and  remain  more  or  less  in 
force  to  this  day; — ex.gr.,  Cardiff  is  in  the  hundred  of  Cibwr  (now  spelt  "Kibbor"),  and 
Llantrisant  in  that  of  Miskin,  the  chief  difference  being  that  the  ancient  comots  are  now 
termed  hundreds,  and  the  ancient  cantrefs  fallen  into  abeyance.  And  it  is  to  be  noticed  that 
the  old  British  topography  placed  Gwent  and  Morganwg  (Monmouth  and  Glamorgan)  under 
one  system  of  six  cantrefs,  including  twenty-four  comots,  a  division  from  the  influence  of  which 
it  is  not  yet  altogether  practicable  to  relieve  the  popular  mind.  A  part  of  the  co.  of 
Monmouth  especially— that  lying  between  the  Usk  and  the  Taff,  forming  the  cantref  of 
Gwaunllwg,  or  Gwentllwg — is  often  popularly  considered  as  in  Glamorgan,  and  it  requires 
an  effort  of  the  memory  respecting  the  actual  county  boundary  to  dispel  the  illusion.  The 
old  British  division  of  Glamorgan  proper  (which  excluded  Gower  [Gwyr],  classing  it  with  Car- 
marthen as  a  part  of  Deheubarth,  but  included  a  part  of  Monmouthshire)  was  into  six 
cantrefs  and  twenty-four  comots,  as  before  stated. 


596 


GLAMORGANSHIRE 


Cantrefs. 


Gro  Nedd,  or  Gorfynydd .  [This  cantref,  which  formed 
the  extreme  western  part  of  Glamorgan,  had  its 
western  limit  on  the  river  Neith  (NeJd),  though 
some  say  it  extended  to  the  Tawe.] 


Penychen,  also  called  Pen  y  Nen. 


Cantref  Breiniawl  ["the  Royal  Hundred,"  so  termed 
because  it  included  the  lord's  castle  of  Cardiff, 
and  primarily  the  seat  of  British  rule]. 


Comots. 

Rhwng  Nedd  ac  Afan  ["  between  Nedd  and  Avan"]. 

Tir  yr  Hwndrwd  ["  the  hundred  land  "]. 

Tir  larll  ["the  Earl's  land."     Its  centre  was  Coity. 

It  included  the  site  of  Bridgend,   and   part   of 

Bettws]. 
Glyn  Ogwr  ["the  Vale    of   Ogwr, "   now  Ogmore. 

To  the  interior  from  Coity  to  the  hills — parishes 

of  Llangeinor  and  Llandyfodwg]. 

Talyfan  [see  manor  of  Talyfan,  in  "  Manors  of  Gla- 
morgan "]. 

Miskin  [included  Llantrisant,  &c.  ]. 

Rhuthyn  [the  territory  given  by  Fitzhamon  to  Madoc, 
son  of  lestyn.  Its  etymology  implies  a  red  soil  — 
W.,  rhudd,  red.  Included  Llanharan,  &c.]. 

Glyn  Rhoddni  ["  Vale  of  Rhondda,"  parish  of  Ystrad- 
\  yfodwg,  &c:]. 

(Cibwr  [now  "  Kibbor."    Cardiff,  Roath,  Whitchurch, 
Llanishen,   Llysfaen,    Llanedern.      The  district 
between  Lower  Rhymney  and  Taff], 
Senghenydd  [Caerphilly,  Castell  Coch,  &c.]. 
\  Uwch  Cayach    ["Upper  Cayach "— Merthyr  Tydfil, 

Aberdare,  Llanwonno,  &c.]. 

j  Is  Cayach  ["  Lower  Cayach  "— Gelligaer,  Llanfabon, 
\         Eglwys-ilan]. 


Gwaunllwg  [otherwise  "Gwentllwg."     This  cantref  /  yr  Haidd. 

is  now  included  in  Monmouthshire.     It  comprises  Y  Dref  Berfedd,  or  Canol  ["  the  central  part  "]. 

the  marshy  and  level  parts  between   Cardiff  and  \  Edelygion  Eithaf  [some  divide  this  into  two  comots]. 

Newport,  and  generally  the  lower  lands  between  Y  Mynydd  r«the  Mountain"] 
the  lower  Rhymney  and  Usk]. 


Other  cantrefs,  named  "  Gvvent  Uwch  Coed  "  and  "  Is  Coed,"  containing  eight  or  nine 
comots,  were  situated  in  the  remaining  part  of  Monmouthshire,  and,  together  with  the  above, 
constituted  "Gwent  and  Morganwg."  (See  in  Myvyr.  Arch,  of  Wales,  vol.  ii.  :  "  Parthau 
Cymru.") 

It  is  notable  that  these  cantrefs  by  no  means  include  the  whole  of  modern  Glamorgan. 
Apparently  all  the  undulating  -district  usually  called  "  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan,"  by  the 
Welsh  Bro  Morganwg,  is  omitted ;  and  the  parts  embraced  appear  to  correspond  with 
the  region  called  "  Morgannok,"  as  distinguished  from  "  Glamorgan "  (see  p.  503), — in 
other  words,  the  northern  and  hilly  parts  of  the  county.  Whether  this  indicates  that  the 
Welsh  princes  in  settling  the  geographical  divisions  of  Wales  in  the  thirteenth  century  refrained 
from  intermeddling  with  the  Vale  of  Glamorgan  as  being  in  too  exclusive  a  sense  the  domain 
of  the  Norman  lords  and  their  mesne  fief-holders,  is  worth  inquiring  into.  The  fact  itself  is 
remarkable,  but  seems  to  have  strangely  escaped  the  notice  of  antiquarians.  Almost  all  the 
Barones  minores  we  have  noticed,  as  well  as  the  Lord  Paramount  of  Glamorgan  himself,  had 
their  manors  in  the  parts  not  included  in  the  cantrefs  of  the  Welsh  partition,  while  these  cantrefs 
correspond  with  some  considerable  exactitude  with  the  lands  said  by  tradition  and  the  Bruts 
to  have  been  granted  by  Fitz'mmon  to  the  sons  of  lestyn,  to  Einion  ap  Collwyn,  to  Robert 
ap  Seissyllt,  and  other  Welshmen.  These  included  Senghenydd,  Miskin,  Avan,  Aberavan, 


SHERIFFS  AND  UNDER-SHERIFFS  OF  GLAMORGAN.  597 

the  district  between  Nedd  and  Tawe,  Maes  Essyllt,  &c. ;  in  fact,  the  hilly  as  distinguished 
from  the  champaign  country.  In  the  latter  some  thirty  parishes,  forming  the  modern 
"  hundreds  "  of  Dinas  Powys,  Cowbridge,  and  Ogmore,  are  not  perceptibly  included  in  the 
comots  enumerated  in  the  survey  of  Prince  Llewelyn.  Did  that  prince  confine  his  survey  to 
lands  held  by  Welshmen  only  ?  Is  this  another  indication  of  that  proud  and  contemptuous 
temper  which,  when  England  was  lost,  would  see  in  the  word  "  Britain  "  nothing  but  Wales, 
and  in  the  word  "  Britons "  nothing  but  the  Cymry — thus  endeavouring,  by  ignoring,  to 
annihilate  misfortune  ?  This  were  indeed  after  a  new  mode — 

"  To  take  arms  against  a  sea  of  troubles, 
And  by  opposing  end  them  ; " 

but  if  excusable  in  any,  such  hallucination  might  be  excusable  in  Prince  Llewelyn,  the  man 
who,  beyond  most  heroic  men,  not  even  excepting  Alfred,  had  battled  long  and  bravely  with 
"outrageous  fortune,"  not  generally,  although  finally,  without  the  success  his  genius  and 
marvellous  self-devotion  merited. 


SECTION  VIIL— SHERIFFS  AND  UNDER-SHERIFFS  OF  GLAMORGAN, 

A.D.   1541 — 1872. 

Sheriffs,  in  the  modern  sense  of  the  term,  were  first  appointed  for  Glamorgan  by  2 7th 
Henry  VIIL  (A.D.  1536),  which  constituted  that  Lordship  Marcher,  with  Gower,  a  County,  and 
formally  united  this  part  as  well  as  Monmouthshire  and  all  the  remainder  of  Wales  with 
England.  Up  to  this  time  the  office  of  sheriff  had  vested  in  the  lord  of  the  lordship,  who, 
by  the  nature  of  his  tenure,  governed  in  the  absence  of  the  king's  writ,  administering  justice 
in  his  own  court,  and  even  enacting  laws,  under  certain  limitations,  on  his  own  responsi- 
bility ;  although  upon  this  point  it  is  necessary  to  keep  in  mind  the  important  fact  that  the 
Norman  conquest  of  Glamorgan,  like  the  Norman  conquest  of  England,  allowed  the  laws 
and  customs  of  the  conquered  in  great  part  to  remain  in  force.  Such  new  enactments  and 
modes  of  administration  as  were  necessary  for  the  planting  of  the  feudal  system  among 
the  people  the  Normans  did  their  best  to  harmonize  with  the  native  laws,  but,  where  perfect 
accord  was  impossible,  supplied  the  lack  on  the  rough  and  ready  principle  of,  sic  volo,  &c. 

The  first  Sheriff  named  for  Glamorgan  is  Sir  George  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  Swansea,  A.D.  1541 . 
The  following  tabular  arrangement  is  deemed  to  be  as  far  as  possible  correct,  and  is  taken, 
with  slight  alteration,  from  that  published  by  Rev.  H.  H.  Knight  (1850),  which  up  to  the 
year  1792  was  from  the  MS.  of  Evan  Simmons,  of  Nottage,  thence  to  1850  from  a  MS.  of 
Howel  Gwyn,  Esq.  It  has  been  completed  from  further  additions  by  the  last-named 
gentleman,  and  collated  with  a  copy  of  a  MS.  by  Thomas  Morgan,  of  Cardiff. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  under-sheriffs  in  the  early  times  were  men  of  about  the  same 
standing  as  the  sheriffs,  and  very  often  members  of  their  family. 


2  R 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


HIGH  SHERIFFS. 


UNDER-SHERIFFS. 


HENRY  VIII. 


1  Sir  George  Herbert,  of  Swansea  . 

2  Sir  Rice  Mansel,  Knt.,  of  Margam 

3  Sir  Edward  Came,  Knt.,  of  Ewenny     . 

4  William  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Beaupre 

5  Sir  George  Mathew,  of  Radir 

6  John  Thomas  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Llantrithyd 


Jenkin  Franklin,  Gent. 
William  Bassett,  Gent.,  of  Beaupre 
James  Button,  of  Worlton    . 
John  Turbervill,  of  Llanblethian  . 
Thomas  Lewis     .... 
William  Meyrick 


EDWARD  VI. 


7  Miles  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  tlandaff  . 

8  Sir  Thomas  Stradling,  Knt.,  of  St.  Donat's 

9  Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vann 

10  Christopher  Turbervill,  Esq.,  of  Penlline 

11  James  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanfihangel   . 

12  William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cogan  Pill  . 


William  Jones,  Gent.  . 
Robert  Stradling,  his  brother 
John  Smith,  of  Cardiff 
Thomas  Powell,  of  Llangynwyd 
James  Thomas,  his  son 
Henry  Lewis,  of  Cardiff 


MARY. 


13    Sir  George  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  Swansea  . 


David  John  Vaughan 


PHILIP  AND  MARY. 


14  Sir  Rice  Mansel,  Knt.,  of  Margam 

15  Sir  Edward  Carne,  Knt.,  of  Ewenny 

1 6  Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vann 

17  James  Button,  Esq.,  of  Worlton    . 

18  William  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Beaupre 


Thomas  Powell,  of  Llangynwyd 

Miles  Button,  Esq. 

Thomas  Griffith   . 

Miles  Button,  Esq. 

Jenkin  Williams,  of  Cowbridge 


ELIZABETH. 


19  Sir  Richard  Walwyn,  Knt.,  of  Llantrithyd    . 

20  Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vann 

21  John  Came  and  Thomas  Lewis,  Esqs.,  of  Vann 

22  Thomas  Came,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny  . 

23  David  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Neath 

24  Sir  William  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  Swansea 

25  Miles  Button,  Esq.,  of  Worlton     . 

26  William  J«nkins,  Esq.,  of  Tythegston    . 

27  William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cogan  Pill   . 

28  William  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Radir  . 

29  Christopher  Turbervill,  Esq.,  of  Penlline 

30  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vann 

31  Miles  Button,  Esq  ,  of  Worlton     . 

32  Thomas  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny  . 

33  Richard  Gwynn,  Esq.,  ofLlansannor    . 

34  Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Knt.,  of  St.  Donat's  . 

35  Edward  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Keven-mably 

36  Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Knt.,  of  Margam  . 

37  Nicholas  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cardiff 

38  Sir  William  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  Swansea 

39  John  Thomas,  Esq. ,  of  Llanfihangel 

40  William  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Radir 

41  Thomas  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny  . 

42  Sir  William  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  Swansea 

43  Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Knt.,  of  St.  Donat's  . 

44  George  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Nash      . 

45  Edward  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Keven-mably 

46  Nicholas  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cardiff 

47  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vann 

48  John  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny 


John  Unett 

John  Smith  .... 

.  Thomas  Griffith  .... 
John  Kemeys,  Kefn-mably  . 
Richard  Thomas  .         . 
William  Herbert,  Cardiff     . 
Robert  Button     .... 
Edward  Holland 

John  Smith.  .... 
Walter  Williams 

Henry  Matthew  .... 
Roger  Seys,  Gent. 
David  Robert,  of  Cardiff      . 
John  Smith ..... 
Jenkin  Williams  .... 
Leyson  Lewis       .... 
Walter  Williams,  of  Gelligaer 
Thomas  Powell    .... 
Reynold  David    .... 
William  Herbert,  of  Cardiff 
Lewis  Griffith       .... 
Henry  Mathew,  his  brother . 
William  David     .... 
Lewis  Griffith       .... 
Lambrook  Stradling,  of  Cardiff  . 
Rees  Lewis  .... 

John  Andrew  .... 
John  Gamage  .... 
Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen 
George  Kemeys,  Llanblethian 


1541 

1542 
'543 
1544 
'545 
1546 


'547 
1548 

1549 
1550 

1551 

1552 


>553 


'554 
"555 
1556 
'557 
1558 


'559 
1560 
1561 
1562 

'563 
1564 
1565 
1566 
1567 
1568 
1569 
1570 
1571 
1572 
'573 
1574 
1575 
1576 

1577 
1578 


1580 
1581 
1582 
1583 
1584 
1585 
1586 

1587 
1588 


SHERIFFS  AND  UNDER-SHERIFFS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


599 


49  -Miles  Button,  Esq.,  Worlton          .... 

50  Henry  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Radir     .         .         .         . 

51  Anthony  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Llantrithyd   . 

52  Sir  William  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  Swansea 

53  Edmund  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Radir. 

54  Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Knt.,  of  Margam  . 

55  Edward  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Keven-mably 

56  Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Knt.,  of  St.  Donat's  . 

57  Richard  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Beaupre 

58  John  Gwyn,  Esq.  (died)  ;   Rowland  Morgan,  Esq. 

59  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Ruperra  [Rhiw-peri] 

60  Edward  Prichard,  Esq.,  of  Llancayach 

61  John  Carne,  Esq.,  ofEwenny        . 

62  Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vann        .         .         .         . 


63 
64 

65 
66 

67 
68 
69 
70 

7' 

72 

73 
74 

75 
76 

77 
78 

79 
80 
Si 
82 
83 
84 


Edward  Button,  his  son 
Morgan  Gibbon,  of  St.  Fagan's 
Thomas  Pranch   . 
Lewis  Griffith,  of  Cilybebill 
Marmaduke  Mathew    . 
Anthony  Powell  . 
William  St.  John 
John  Stradling,  Gent.  . 
Thomas  Bassett,  his  son 
William  Powell   . 
Thomas  Lewis  Reynold 
William  Williams 
Hopkin  Evans,  Gent.  . 
Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq. 


JAMES   I. 


Thomas  Aubrey,  Esq.,  of  Llantrithyd    . 

Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Bart.,  of  Margam 

Edward  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Keven-mably 

Sir  William  Herbert,  Knt.,  of  Swansea 

Sir  Rowland  Morgan,  Knt.,  of  Llandaff 

John  Stradling,  Esq.,  of  St.  Donat's 

Richard  Bassett,  Esq. ,  of  Beaupre 

Morgan  Meyrick,  Esq. ,  of  Cottrel 

George  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llystalybont     . 

Lewis  Thomas  ap  William,  Esq.,  of  Bettws  . 

Sir  Edward  Lewis,  Knt. ,  of  Vann 

Thomas  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Castlemenych 

Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq.,  ofLlanishen 

Christopher  Turbervill,  Esq.,  of  Penlline 

David  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Keven-mably  . 

William  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Aberaman    . 

Edward  Van,  Esq.,  of  Marcross     . 

Sir  John  Stradling,  Knt.  and  Bart.,  St.  Donat's 

John  Carne,  Esq.,  ofEwenny 

William  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Beaupre 

Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Knt.  and  Bart.,  of  Margam 

Lewis  Thomas  ap  William,  Esq.,  of  Bettws 


Thomas  Bassett,  Gent. 
Anthony  Powell,  Gent. 
Morgan  Cradock,  Gent. 
Hopkin  David  Edward 

Philip  Williams 

William  Stradling 

Thomas  Bassett,  his  son 

W.  Meyrick,  his  brother 

David  Lloyd,  of  Cardiff 

Philip  William  Eglwysilan  . 

William  Robert,  of  St.  Andrew's 

Miles  Mathew,  his  brother   . 

Evan  Thomas  ap  Evan 

Rees  Knapp         .         .         .         .         . 

Henry  Penry,  Gent. 

Robert  Mathew,  his  brother 

Owen  Price,  Gent.       .         .         .         , 

George  Williams 

William  Roberts 

Jenkin  Cradock,  Gent.,  of  Llancarvan  , 

John  Rowe,  of  Gower  ... 

John  Powell         .         .         .         .         . 


CHARLES  I. 


85  Anthony  Gwynn,  Esq. ,  of  Lansannor    . 

86  William  Bawdrip,  Esq.,  of  Splott 

87  Edmund  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Wenvoe 

88  Henry  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Gower     . 

89  Sir  Thomas  Lewis,  Knt.,  of  Penmark   . 

90  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen 

91  Sir  Anthony  Mansel,  Knt.,  of  Briton-ferry    . 

92  David  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Neath 

93  Edward  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanfihangel 

94  John  Aubrey,  Esq.,  of  Llantrithyd 

95  Watkin  Lougher,  Esq.,  of  Tythegston  . 

96  Sir  Lewis  Mansel,  Knt.  and  Bart.,  of  Margam 

97  Edward  Prichard,  Esq.,  of  Llancayach 

98  Nicholas  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Keven-mably 

99  John  Carne,  Esq.,  ofEwenny 

100  Robert  Button,  Esq.,  ofDuffryn   . 

101  William  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Miskin  . 

102  Richard  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Fishwear 

103  Sir  Charles  Kemeys,  of  Keven-mably,  and     . 
William  Thomas,  Esq. ,  of  Swansea,  for  2  years 


Rees  Howard,  of  Llantrithyd 
Owen  Price,  succ.  by  William  Price 
James  Thomas,  his  brother  . 
Watkin  Lougher,  of  Nottage 
Jenkin  Cradock,  Llancarvan 
Lewis  Thomas  Richard 
Lewis  Thomas,  Gent.  .         . 
George  Williams.         .         . 
Morgan  Griffith   .... 
Henry  Penry,  ditto 
Lewis  Thomas  Griffith 
Jenkin  Cradock,  of  Llancarvnn    . 
Thomas  Powell   .... 
Morgan  Howard .... 
Morgan  Griffith   .... 
Henry  Penry,  of  Llantrithyd 
Richard  Bevan     .... 
Robert  William,  of  St.  Hilary      . 

Morgan  Howard 


A.D. 
1589 
1590 
1591 
1592 
'593 
"594 
1595 
1596 
1597 
1598 
>S99 
1600 
1601 
1602 


1603 
1604 
1605 
1606 
1607 
1608 
1609 
1610 
1611 
1612 
1613 
1614 
1615 
1616 
1617 
1618 
1619 
1620 
1621 
1622 
1623 
1624 


1625 
1626 
1627 
1628 
1629 
1630 

1631 
1632 


'634 
'635 
1636 

'637 
1638 
1639 
1640 
1641 
1642 

!  '643 
(  1644 


6oo 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


104  Edward  Carnc,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny,  and  j 
Bussey  Mansel,  Esq. ,    of  Briton-ferry,    pricked  f 

by  Parliament  ..... 

105  Richard  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Micliaelston 

106  John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Gellihir          . 

107  Walter  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Swansea 


Richard  ap  Evan 

Evan  Prichard,  of  Diwedid  . 
William  Morgan,  of  Neath  . 
William  Williams 


COMMONWEALTH  AND  PROTECTORATE. 


108  John  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Roath 

109  George  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Kittle  Hill 
no  Rees  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Coytrehen 
in  Edward  Stradling,  Esq.,  of  Roath 
112  William  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Miskin. 


John  Griffith 
John  Bowen,  his  son 
Robert  Thomas   . 
Lewis  William 
Richard  ap  Evan 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 


113  Humphrey  Wyndham,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven 

114  Richard  Lougher,  Esq.,  of  Tythegston 

115  William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Swansea 

116  Stephen  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Stembridge 

117  Richard  Da  vies,  Esq.,  of  Penmaen 


Humphrey  Wyndham,  his  son 
Watkin  Jones,  Gent.,  ofMonkton 
Thomas  David,  Gent.  . 
George  Thomas  .... 
Leyson  Davies,  his  brother  . 


A.v. 
1645 

1646 
1647 
1648 


1649 
1650 
1651 

1652 
'653 


1654 


RICHARD  CROMWELL,  PROTECTOR. 
118    Richard  Davies,  Esq.,  the  same    ....     John  Morgan 


CHARLES  II. 


119  Herbert  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Eaglesbush      . 

1 20  Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq. ,  of  Llanishen 

121  Edmund  Gamage,  Esq. ,  of  Newcastle    . 

122  John  Gronow  de  Bedwas,  Esq. 

123  Edmund  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Wenvoe 

124  Martin  Button,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn    . 

125  Edward  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Aberaman 

126  Thomas  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Castle-menych 

127  Thomas  Button,  Esq.,  of  Cottrel 

128  Philip  Hoby,  Esq.,  of  Neath  Abbey      . 

129  Edmund  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Orchard 

130  Philip  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Fonmon  Castle   . 

131  Thomas  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Coytrehen 

132  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Penmark 

133  William  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanbradach 

134  Richard  Seys,  Esq.,  of  Rhyddings 

135  Miles  Mathew,  Esq.,  ofLlancayach 

136  Bussey  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Briton-ferry     . 

137  Thomas  Gibbon,  Esq.,  ofTrecastle 

138  George  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Kittle  Hill 

139  Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Llanrumney 

140  Oliver  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Fonmon 

141  Reynold  Deere,   Esq. ,  of  Wenvoe 

142  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen 

143  David  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Hensol    . 


David  Evans,  of  Neath  Abbey     . 
William  Morgan,  of  Rubind 
John  Powell          .         .         .         .          . 
William  Morgan  ..... 
Edmund  Perkins ..... 
Moor  Perkins       ..... 
John  Richard,  of  Henllan  < . 
Miles  Mathew,  of  Cardiff     . 
David  Thomas,  of  Llysworney 
John  Llewelin,  of  Ynis-y-Gerwn  . 
John  Powell         ..... 
David  Evans        ..... 
Edward  Williams,  of  St.  Mary  Church 
Moor  Perkins       ..... 
John  Thomas,  of  Llancarvan 
Rowland  Harris  ..... 
Edward  Williams,  of  St.  Mary  Church 
Jervis  Powell        ..... 
Charles  Evans,  of  Llanwit  Fairdre 
John  Poivell         ..... 
William  Morgan,  of  Coedygoras  . 
John  Watkins,  of  Gower  Land     . 
Thomas  Morgan,  of  Coedygoras  . 
William  Morgan,  of  Coedygoras   . 
Jervis  Powell        ..... 


JAMES  II. 


144  Sir  John  Aubrey,  Bart.,  of  Llantrithyd 

145  William  Aubrey,  Esq.,  of  Pencoed 

146  Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Bart.,  of  Margam 

147  Sir  Edward  Mansel,  the  same 


Evan  Edwards     .         . 

Charles  Evans     . 

Edward  Williams,  of  St.  Mary  Church 

The  same    ...... 


WILLIAM  III.  AND  MARY. 


148    Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Penmark 


Robert  Powell,  of  Llysworney 


1656 
1657 


1659 


1660 
1661 
1662 
1663 
1664 
1665 
1666 
1667 
1668 
1669 
1670 
1671 
1672 

1673 
1674 
1675 
1676 
1677 
1678 
1679 
1680 
1681 
1682 
1683 
1684 


1685 
1686 
1687 
1688 


1689 


SHERIFFS  AND  UNDER-SHERIFFS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


601 


149  Thomas  Carne,  Esq  ,  of  Nash 

150  John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Gellihir 

151  William  Seys,  Esq.,  of  Rhycklings 

152  William  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Aberaman    . 

153  Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cilybebyll    . 

154  John  Bennett,  Esq.,  of  Kittle  Hill 

155  Richard  Lougher,  of  Tythegston   . 

156  Richard  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  St.  George's 

157  George  Howells,  Esq.,  of  Bovill    . 

158  John  Whitwick,  Esq.  (died  in  office) 
'59  Sir  John  Thomas,  Bart.,  of  Wenvoe 
160  Thomas  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Penrhys  Castle 


David  Thomas,  of  Lysworney 
John  Wilkins,  of  the  same  . 
John  Deere,  Esq.,  of  Llantwit 
Charles  Evans,  of  Llantwit  Fain  Ire 
Griffith  Evans,  of  Gelligron. 
Evans  Evans         .... 
Edward  Thomas,  of  Pwllywrach  . 
Jervis  Powell,  of  Llantrisant 
Richard  Bassett,  of  St.  Andrew's 
Robert  Powell,  of  Llysworney     . 
Charles  Evans,  of  Llantwit  Fairdre 
Evan  Evans          .... 


ANNE. 


161 
162 

«63 

164 

165 
1 66 
167 
168 
169 
170 

i?i 

172 


173 
174 
'75 
176 

'77 
178 

179 
i  So 

iSl 

182 

'83 
184 
185 


Daniel  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Glyncastle 
William  Bassett,  Esq. ,  of  Cowbridge     . 
Robert  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Fonmon    . 
Thomas  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanbradach 
William  Stanley,  Esq.,  of  Neath  Abbey 
Roger  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Energlyn 
Richard  Carne,  Esq. ,  of  Ewenny 
Thomas  Button,  Esq.,  of  Cottrel 
Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Bart.,  of  St.  Donat's  . 
Sir  John  Aubrey,  Bart.,  of  Llantrithyd 
John  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Clementston 
Sir  Charles  Kemeys,  Bart. ,  of  Keven-mably 


Jervis  Powell       ..... 
William  Llewelyn,  of  Monkton     . 
Thomas  Wilkins,  of  Llanblethian 
Roger  Wilkins,  of  Cowbridge 
Thomas  Hawkins         .... 
Michael  Richards,  of  Cardiff 
Edward  Jenkins,  of  Landoagh 
Wat.  Morgan  (clerk  to  Edward  Jenkins) 
Robert  Powell,  of  Wilton     . 
Edward  Jenkins,  of  Landough 
Thomas  Wilkins,  of  Llanblethian 
Evans  Evans  (clerk  to  T.  Wilkins) 


GEORGE  I. 


Hoby  Compton,  Esq.,  of  Neath  Abbey 
Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn 
Edward  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Ogmore 
Thomas  Popkin,  Esq.,  of  Forest  . 
Michael  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Briclgend    . 
William  Dawkin,  Esq.,  of  Kilvrough    . 
William  Richards,  Esq.,  of  Cardiff 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Coedygoras 
Edward  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Eaglesbush 
James  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Cardiff 
Abraham  Barbour,  Esq.,  of  St.  George's 
Morgan  Morgans,  Esq. ,  of  Lanrumney 


Thomas  Cory,  of  Margam    ... 

Gabriel  Powell,  of  Swansea 

John  Jones  (his  son)     .... 

Thomas  Cory,  of  Margam    . 

W.  Frampton  (clerk  to  Gabriel  Powell) 

Anthony  Maddocks      .         . 

William  Phillips,  of  Swansea 

Michael  Richards,  of  ditto   . 

Henry  Morgan  (his  brother) 

Thomas  Cradock,  of  Margam 

Henry  Llewellyn,  of  ditto    . 

Edward  Herbert,  of  Cardiff 

Canon  Wilkins,  of  Lanblethian    . 


A.D. 
1690 
1691 
1692 
'693 
•09 1 
1695 
1696 
1697 
1698 
1699 
1700 


1702 

1703 
1704 
1705 
1700 
1707 
1708 
1709 
1710 
1711 
1712 
'7'3 


1714 

'715 
1716 
1717 
1718 
1719 
1720 
1721 
1722 
1723 


GEORGE  II. 


1 86  Martin  Button,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn  . 

187  James  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanbradach    . 

188  Robert  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Fonmon    . 

189  John  Llewellin,  Esq.,  of  Ynis-y-gerwn 

190  John  Came,  Esq.,  of  Nash    . 

191  Reynold  Deere,  Esq.,  of  Penlline 

192  Herbert  Mackwortb,  Esq.,  of  Gnoll 

193  William  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Miskin  . 

194  Grant  Gibbon,  of  Trecastle 

195  Hopkin  Rees,  Esq.,  of  St.  Mary  Hill   . 

196  Robert  Knight,  Esq. ,  of  Tythegston 

197  Edmund  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cardiff 

198  Thomas  Price,  Esq.,  of  Penile' rgaer 

199  Richard  Turbervill,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny     . 

200  Rowland  Dawkins,  Esq.,  of  Kilvrough 

201  Robert  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Ynysarwad 

202  Matthew  Deere,  Esq.,  of  Ash  Hall 


Edward  Powell,  of  Brynhill 

Henry  Llewellyn,  of  Cardiff          .         . 

Richard  Powell,  of  Landough 

Gabriel  Powell,  of  Swansea 

Richard  Leyson,  of  Prisk      .         .         .         . 

Edward  Thomas  (his  nephew) 

William  Powell,  of  Swansea 

Thomas  Leyson,  of  Prisk      . 

Richard  Leyson,  of  Prisk     . 

David  Lewis,  of  Penkyrn,  for  Richard  Leyso  i 

Richard  Powell,  of  Landough 

William  Powell,  of  Llanharan      . 

Hugh  Powell,  of  Swansea    .         .          .         . 

Richard  Powell,  of  Neath     . 

Richard  Dawkins,  of  Hendrewen 

John  Jeffreys,  of  Swansea     . 

Anthony  Maddocks,  of  Cefnidfa  . 


1725 

1726 


1727 
1728 
1729 
'73° 
'73' 
1732 
'733 
'734 
173S 
1736 
«737 
1738 
'739 
1740 
1741 
1742 
'743 


002 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


203  Henry  Lucas,  Esq.,  of  Stouthall,  in  Gower   . 

204  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq. ,  of  Llanishen 

205  Whitelock  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of  Ham 

206  Thomas  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Tondft  .... 

207  John  Mathevvs,  Esq.,  of  Brynwith 

208  Joseph  Price,  Esq.,  of  Gellihir      .         .         .         . 

209  Richard  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Marias 

210  William  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Eaglesbush      . 

211  Rowland  Bevan,  Esq.,  ofOxwich 

212  Thomas  Rous,  Esq.  (Under  Sheriff  acted)      . 

213  Edward  Walters,  Esq.,  of  Pittcott 

214  Thomas  Popkin,  Esq. ,  of  Forest 

215  William  Bruce,  Esq.,  of  Llanble'.hian    . 

216  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Newhouse 

217  Edward  Mathews,  Esq. ,  of  Aberaman  . 

218  Thomas  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn  Golych 

219  Sir  Johndela  Fountain  Tyrwhit,  Bart.,  of  St.  Donat's 


Edward  Hancorn,  Gent. 
Richard  Powell,  of  Neath    . 
Edward  Lewis,  of  Penlline  . 
Edivard  Savours,  of  Coedycynllan 
John  Thomas,  of  Cowbridge 
John  Morgan,  of  Swansea    . 
Anthony  Maddocks,  of  Cefnidfa  . 
Hugh  Powell,  of  Swansea     . 
Edward  Hancorn          .... 
Thomas  Edmonds,  of  Cowbridge 
Nathaniel  Taynton,  of  Cowbridge 
Edward  Hancorn          .... 
John  Thomas,  of  Cowbridge 
Richard  Thomas ..... 
John  Thomas,  of  Cowbridge 
Mansel  Williams,  of  Neath . 
(Office  done  by  his  deputy,  William  Rees, 
St.  Mary  Hill,  his  steward) 


GEORGE  III. 


220  Samuel  Price,  Esq.,  of  Coity         .... 

221  Philip  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn 

222  Robert  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Swansea 

223  Abraham  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Cathays    . 

224  Calvert  Richard  Jones,  Esq. ,  of  Swansea 

225  William  Curre,  Esq.,  of  Clementston    . 

226  Edward  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Tondu   .... 

227  Thomas  Bennet,  Esq.,  of  Laleston 

228  Thomas  Mathews,  Esq. ,  of  Llandaff 

229  Richard  Gordon,  Esq.,  of  Burry's  Green,  Gower  . 

230  William  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanblethian 

231  Edward  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Tregroes 

232  William  Dawkin,  Esq.,  of  Kilvrough     . 

233  John  Edmondes,  Esq.,  of  Cowbridge    . 

234  Daniel  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Glanbran    .         .         .         . 

235  William  Hurst,  Esq.,  of  Gabalva 

236  David  Thomas,  Esq ,  of  Pwllywrach     . 

237  John  Lucas,  Esq.,  of  Stouthall      .         .         .         . 

238  Bartholomew     Greenwood,     Esq.,     of    Cardiff) 

(excused,  being  bailiff  of  Cardiff) ;  Christopher  f 
Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Llanelay  ..." 

239  Peter  Birt,  Esq.,  of  Wenvoe  Castle 

240  Charles  Bowen,  Esq. ,  of  Merthyr-mawr 

241  Thomas  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam 

242  William  Kemeys,  Esq. ,  of  Ynysarwad 

243  John  Richard,  Esq.,  of  Energlyn 

244  Stephen  White,  Esq.,  of  Miskin    . 

245  Thomas  Drake  Tyrwhit,  Esq.,  of  St.  Donat's  Castle 

246  John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llandaff  Court 

247  Richard  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Pantynawel  . 

248  John  Llewelin,  Esq.,  of  Welsh  St.  Donat's    . 

249  William  Lewis,  Esq  ,  of  Pentyrch 

250  John  Richards,  Esq.,  Corner  House,  Cardiff 

251  John  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  of  Ynis-y-gerwn 

252  John  Lucas,  Esq.,  of  Stouthall      . 

253  Henry  Knight,  Esq.,  ofTythegston 

254  Wyndham  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen     . 

255  Herbert  Hurst,  Esq.,  of  Gabalva 

256  Robert  Rous,  Esq.,  of  Cwrtyrala  . 

257  Samuel  Richardson,  Esq.,  Hensol  Castle 

258  John  Goodrich,  Esq.,  of  Energlyn         .         .         . 


William  Prothero  (for  William  Rees)    . 
Mansel  Williams,  of  Neath 
Elias  Jenkins       ..... 
Thomas  Williams,  of  Cowbridge 
William  Jenkins,  of  Neath   . 
Edward  Lewis,  of  Penlline  . 
William  Jenkins,  of  Neath  . 
Iltid  Thomas,  of  Swansea     . 
Thomas  Williams,   of  Cowbridge 
Elias  Jenkins,  of  Swansea    . 
Thomas  Williams,  Cowbridge 
William  Rees,  Esq.,  St.  Mary  Hill 
Iltid  Thomas,  of  Swansea    . 
Thomas  Thomas,  of  Cardiff 
Iltid  Thomas,  of  Swansea    . 
Thomas  Thomas,  of  Cardiff 
William  Rees,  Esq.,  of  St.  Mary  Hill 
Iltid  Thomas,  of  Swansea    . 

William  Rees,  Esq.,  of  St.  Mary  Hill 

Thomas  Thomas,  of  Cardiff 
Thomas  Thomas ..... 
Hopkin  Llewelyn,  of  Margam 
William  Rees,  Esq.,  of  St.  Mary  Hill  . 
Thomas  Thomas,  of  Cardiff 
William  Rees,  Esq.,  of  Court  Colman 
Watkin  Morgan,  of  Llandough    . 
John  Wood,  of  Cardiff 
Thomas  Williams,  of  Cowbridge 
John  Wood,  of  Cardiff 
Hopkin  Llewellyn,  Gent. 
John  Wood,  Cardiff    .... 
Mr.  Hopkin  Llewelyn  .... 
Rees  Davies,  Swansea 
John  Thomas,  Cowbridge    . 
John  Wood,  of  Cardiff 

Ditto 

Ditto 

J.  Williams,  Cardiff    .         .         .         . 
John  Wood          ..... 


A.D. 
1744 
'745 
1746 

1747 
1748 

1749 
1750 

1751 
1752 

1753 
I7S4 
1755 
I756 
1757 
1758 
1759 

1760 


1761 
1762 

'763 
1764 

1765 
1766 
1767 
1768 
1769 
1770 
1771 
1772 
1773 
1774 
1775 
1776 

'777 
1778 

1779 

1780 
1781 
1782 

1783 
1784 
1785 
1786 
1787 
1788 
1789 
1790 
1791 
1792 
1793 
•794 
•795 
1796 
'797 
1798 
1799 


SHERIFFS  AND  UNDER-SHERIFFS  OF  GLAMORGAN.  603 

A.D. 

259  Robert  Jenner,  Esq.,  Wenvoe  Castle     .         .         .     John  Wood 1800 

260  Robert  Jones,  Esq.,  Fonmon  Castle      .         .         .     William  Vaughan 1801 

261  Richard  Mansel  Phillips,  Esq.,  Sketty  .         .         .  John  Jeffreys,  Swansea         .         .         .         .  1802 

262  John  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Clasemont  ....  William  Vaughan         .....  1803 

263  Richard  T.  Picton,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny      .         .         .  William  Vaughan         .....  1804 

264  Thomas  Markham,  Esq.,  of  Nash          .         .         .  Edward  Powell,  Llantwit     ....  1805 

265  Anthony  Bacon,  Esq.,  of  Cyfarthfa       .     •  .         .     John  Wood,  Cardiff 1806 

266  George  Wynch,  Esq.,  of  Clementston    .         .         .  Edward  Powell    ....         .         .  1807 

267  JohnN.  Miers,  Esq.,  Cadoxton  Lodge           .         .     G.  Llewelyn 1808 

268  Jeremiah  Homfray,  Esq. ,  of  Llandaff    .         .         .  Wyndham  Lewis          .....  1 809 

269  Thomis  Lockwood,  Esq.,  Danygraig     ..        .         .  John  Jeffreys,  Swansea          ....  1810 

270  Sir  Robert  Lynch  Blosse,  Bart.,  Gabalfa        .         .  Thomas  Bassett    .         .         .         .         .         .1811 

271  Morgan  Popkin  Traherne,  Esq.,  Coytrehen  .         .  W.  Vaughan        .         .         .         .         .         .1812 

272  William  Jones,  Esq.,  Corntown  Lodge           .         .  Thomas  Bassett  ......  1813 

273  The  Hon.  William  Booth  Grey     ....     John  Wood 1814 

274  William  Tail,  Esq.,  Cardiff E.P.Richards 1815 

275  Richard  John  Hill,  Esq.,  Plymouth  Lodge    .         .     John  Powell,  Brecon 1816 

276  Thomas  Bates  Rous,  Esq.,  of  Cwrtyrala         .         .      E.  P.  Richards 1817 

277  Lewis  Weston  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  Penlle'rgaer     .         .  Lewis  Thomas,  Swansea     ....  1818 

278  Josiah  John  Guest,  Esq.,  Dowlais         .         .         .  John  Jones  .......  1819 

GEORGE  IV. 

279  Richard  Blakemore,  Esq.,  Velindre       .         .         .     E.  P.  Richards 1820 

280  William  Forman,  Esq.,  Penydarran       .         .         .  William  Meyrick .         .....  1821 

281  Sir  John  Morris,  Bart.,  Sketty  Park       .         .         .     John  James 1822 

282'  John  Edwards,  Esq.,  Rheola        ....     William  Meyrick 1823 

283  John  Bassett,  Esq.,  Bonvilston  House  .         .         .  Thomas  Basset     ......  1824 

284  John  Bennet,  Esq.,  Laleston         ....  John  Jackson  Price       .....  1825 

285  Thomas  Edward  Thomas,  Esq.,  Swansea      .         .     John  Jackson  Price 1826 

286  John  Henry  Vivian,  Esq.,  Marino         .         .         .  John  Jackson  Price       .....  1827 

287  Robert  F.  Jenner,  Esq.,  Wenvoe  Castle         .         .     E.  P.  Richards 1828 

288  William  Crawshay,  Esq.,  Cyfarthfa  Castle     .         .     William  Meyrick 1829 

WILLIAM  IV. 

289  William  Williams,  Esq.,  Aberpergwm  .         .         .     David  Powell 1830 

290  Richard  H.  Jenkins,  Esq.,  Lanharan  House           .  Alexander  Cuthbertson         .       ..         .         .1831 

291  Frederick  Fredricks,  Esq.,  Dyffryn       .         .         .  Alexander  Cuthbertson         ....  1832 

292  Richard  T.  Turbervill,  Esq.,  Ewenny            .         .  William  Lewis     ......  1833 

293  Henry  J.  Grant,  Esq.,  The  Gnoll          .         .         .     David  Powell 1834 

294  John  Dillwyn  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  Penlle'rgaer  .         ,  Thomas  Thomas  ......  1835 

295  Thomas  Penrice,  Esq.,  Kilvrough  House      .         .  John  Jenkins        ......  1836 

VICTORIA. 

296  Howel  Gwyn,  Esq.,  Alltwen         ....     John  Gwyn  Jeffreys 1837 

297  Howel  Gwyn,  Esq. — R.  O.  Jones,   Esq.,  Fonmon    John  G.  Jeffreys 1838 

Castle 

298  Charles  H.  Smith,  Gwernllwynwith       .         .         .  Charles  Basil  Mansfield         ....  1839 

299  Michael  Williams,  Esq.,  Morfa      ....  C.B.Mansfield     .         .         .         .         .         .  1840 

300  Joseph  Martin,  Esq.,  Ynystawe     .         .         .         .  C.  B.  Mansfield    ......  1841 

301  Henry  Lucas,  Esq.,  Uplands         .         .         .         .  J.  G.  Jeffreys       ......  1842 

302  John  Homfray,  Esq.,  Llandaff  Court     .         .         .  J.  G.Jeffreys        ......  1843 

303  John  Bruce  Pryce,  Esq.,  Dyffryn  ....  William  Davies   ......  1844 

304  Robert  Savours,  Esq.,  Trecastle   ....  William  Lewis     ......  1845 

305  Richard  Franklin,  Esq.,  Clementson      .         .         .     William  Lewis 1846 

306  Nash  V.  Edwards  Vaughan,  Esq.,  Rheola     .         .  Alexander  Cuthbertson         ....  1847 

307  Thomas  W.  Booker,  Esq.,  Velindre      .         .         .     Thomas  Evans 1848 

308  Richard  Boteler,  Esq.,  Landough  Castle        .         .  Thomas  Evans     .         .         .         .         .         .  1849 

309  Rowland  Fothergill,  Esq.,  Hensol  Castle       .         .     E.  G.  Smith         . 1850 


604  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

/ 

A.D. 

310  Gervase  Turbervill,  Esq.,  Ewenny       .         . 1851 

311  Griffith  Llewellyn,  Esq.,  of  Baglan  Hall 1852 

312  Richard  Hill  Miers,  Esq.,  of  Ynyspenllwch ' 1853 

313  William  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  of  Court  Colman     ...........  1854 

314  WyndhamW.  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  The  Heath 1855 

315  John  Samuel,  Esq.,  Cowbridge 1856 

316  Evan  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn  Ffrwd 1857 

317  Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  Green  Meadow 1858 

318  Charles  Williams,  Esq.,  Roath 1859 

319  George  Grey  Rous,    Esq.,  Court-y-Rala     ...........  1860 

320  Edward  Robert  Wood,  Esq.,  Stouthall 1861 

321  Sir  Ivor  B.  Guest,  Bart.,  Dowlais 1862 

322  John  P.  Traherne,  Esq.,  Coytrehen    .          ...........  1863 

323  Robert  F.  L.Jenner,  Esq.,  Wenvoe  Castle 1864 

324  Thomas  William  Booker,  Esq.,  Velindre    ...........  1865 

325  William  Graham  Vivian,  Esq.,  Singleton     .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  1866 

326  Thomas  Penrice,  Esq.,  Kilvrough  House    ...........  1867 

327  George  Thomas  Clark,  Esq.,  Dowlais  House       ..........  1868 

328  Edward  Romilly,  Esq.,  Porthkerry 1869 

329  E.  W.  J.  Thomas,  Esq.,  Coedriglan 1870 

330  Vaughan  H.  Lee,  Esq.,  Rheola 1871 

331  Charles  Henry  Williams,  Esq.,  Roath  Court 1872 


SECTION  IX.— PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 

The  powers  of  the  Lords  Marchers,  who  alone  were  entitled  to  appear  as  barons  in  the 
king's  council,  were  abolished  by  the  eighth  Henry,  by  the  Act  of  the  twenty-seventh  year  of 
his  reign  (A.D.  1536-7),  whereby  he  formally  and  finally  united  Wales  to  England ;  and  for 
that  year  a  knight  of  the  shire  was  doubtless  summoned  to  represent  the  interests  and 
wishes  of  the  population  in  Parliament. 

Before  the  conquest  of  Wales,  and  its  nominal  union  with  England  under  Edward  I., 
no  parliamentary  representation,  properly  speaking,  existed  among  the  Welsh,  but  a  kind  of 
autocracy  of  the  princes,  tempered  by  the  voice  of  popular  assembly,  prevailed.  After 
Edward's  conquest  an  occasional  summons  for  delegates  from  Wales  to  the  suzerain's 
council  was  issued.  Edward  II.,  A.D.  1322,  sent  forth  a  writ  directing  that  twenty-four 
persons  from  South  Wales,  and  an  equal  number  from  North  Wales,  "  with  full  and 
sufficient  power  on  behalf  of  the  whole  community  of  their  parts,"  should  attend  a  parlia- 
mentum  which  he  was  about  to  hold  at  York.  Of  the  result  of  such  summons  among  a 
nation  by  no  means  forward  at  that  time  to  comply  with  any  "  direction  "  from  the  English 
king,  we  have  no  record.  Glamorgan,  however,  for  legislative  purposes,  did  not  yet  form 
part  of  either  England  or  Wales — although  territorially  and  ethnically  of  course  belonging 
to  the  latter, — but  lay  under  that  exceptional  species  of  government  known  as  the  regal 
authority  (Jura  Regalia)  of  the  Lords  Marchers — an  authority,  it  is  true,  not  wholly  tanta- 
mount to  a  free  imperium  in  imperio,  but  still  sufficiently  independent  to  exclude  all  voice  of 
the  people  in  their  own  representation.  Henry  put  an  abrupt  end  to  this  feudal  rule,  made 
the  Glamorgan  and  Gower  Lordships  Marcher  a  County,  and  gave  the  inhabitants  of  the 
county  and  of  the  royal  burgh  of  Cardiff  the  privilege  of  choosing  and  sending  each  a 
delegate  to  the  national  Parliament. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


605 


Upon  what  principle  of  suffrage  the  selection  of  a  representative  was  then  made  is  not 
quite  plain  ;  but  it  is  probable  that  the  franchise  settled  under  Edward  III.,  which  extended 
in  counties  to  small  holders,  and  in  boroughs  to  house  tenants,  had  remained  unaltered  in 
England,  and  was  now  applied  to  Wales. 

The  names  of  theyfrrf  Members  sent  from  Glamorgan  and  Cardiff  (1537),  like  many 
others  of  the  same  date,  have  been  lost.  The  representative  for  the  next  parliament  was 
George  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Swansea,  for  the  co.,  and  John  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  the  Inner  Temple 
(Interioris  Templi),  for  the  boroughs.  In  1654  and  1656,  under  Cromwell  and  the  Common- 
wealth, the  county  returned  two  members;  and  in  the  year  preceding  (1683),  when 
specific  constituencies  in  Wales  were  not  represented,  but  the  whole  Principality,  including 
Monmouthshire,  was  represented  by  7  members,  one  of  these  was  a  prominent  Glamorgan 
gentleman,  Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Briton  Ferry.  In  1658-9  (Cromwell)  Swansea,  which  had 
never  before  been  granted  the  parliamentary  franchise,  returned  a  member,  William  Foxwist, 
Esq.  With  this  exception  the  borough  delegation  from  this  county  was  confined  to  Cardiff, 
not  on  account  of  its  population,  for  in  that  respect  its  inferiority  was  obvious,  but  on  account 
of  its  ancient  status  as  a  princely  and  lordly  seat.  It  is  for  men  of  local  and  anti- 
quarian knowledge,  such  as  Col.  Francis,  to  find  out  why  Swansea,  although  at  the  head  of 
the  later  Lordship  Marcher  of  Gower,  did  not  claim,  or  failed  to  secure,  the  privilege  of 
parliamentary  representation  until  Cromwell  gave  it  the  boon,  as  well  as  to  find  whence 
came  and  whither  went  William  Foxwist,  Esq. — of  whom,  however,  more  hereafter  (p.  610). 

By  the  Reform  Bill  of  1832,  Swansea  (with  Neath,  Aberavon,  and  Kenfig),  with  all  its 
importance  as  a  port  and  centre  of  mining  and  manufacturing  wealth  and  population,  for 
the  first  time  obtained  the  permanent  privilege  of  returning  a  member  to  the  Commons 
Merthyr  Tydfil,  which  now,  with  Aberdare,  &c.,  contains  a  population  nearly  equal  to  Cardiff 
and  Swansea  together,  despite  their  recent  increase,  was  at  the  same  time  made  a  Parlia- 
mentary District  of  boroughs. 

i. — Members  of  Parliament  for  the  County  of  Glamorgan,  from  A.D.  1542 — 1872. 


AD. 
HENRY  VIII. 

George  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Swansea. 
[Second  son  of  Richard  Herbert  of 
Ewias ;  was  knighted  ;  d.  1570 ; 
bro.  of  William  Herbert,  1st  Earl  of 
Pembroke ;  cr.  1551,  (from  whom 
descend  the  Earls  of  Pembroke  and 
Carnarvon)  ;  and  father  of  Matthew 
Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Swansea,  and 
William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cogan, 
who  built  the  house  at  Cogan  Pill]  .  1542 

EDWARD  VI. 

George  Mathew,  Esq.  [of  Radir ;  was 
knighted  ;  third  of  the  line  of  Radir, 
and  son  of  Sir  William  Matthew, 
Knt.  ;  Sheriff  for  Glam.,  1544]  .  1547 

MARY. 

Sir  George  Mathew,  Knt.,  of  Radir  [the 

same] 1553 

Anthony  Mansel,  Esq.  [second  son  of  Sir 


Rice  Mansel,  Kt.  of  Oxwich,  the  first 
of  Margam  Abbey  ;  brother  of  Sir 
Edward  Mansel,  of  Margam]  .  .  1553 
[Sir]  Edward  Mansel  [Knt.,  of  Margam, 
above  named.  On  his  tomb  it  is  said 
that  he  had  fifteen  sons  and  four  daus. 
by  his  wife  Jane,  dau.  of  Henry 
Somerset,  Earl  of  Worcester.  See 
Margam  Abbcy\  ....  1554 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 

Sir  Edward   Carne,    Knt.    [of  Ewenny ; 

Sheriff  1554] 1554 

Sir  Edward  Carne,  Knt.,  the  same  .  .  1555 
William  Herbert  de  Cogan,  Esq.  [Sheriff 
'SS1)  '556  ;  son  of  Sir  George  Her- 
bert of  Swansea ;  built  Cogan  House, 
near  Cardiff ;  m.  Alice,  dau.  of  Sir 
Thomas  (or  John)  Raglan,  Knt., 
widow  of  William  Mathew,  of  Castle 
Menych.  From  his  eldest  bro.  Mat- 
thew descended  I  he  lierbertsof  Cogan. 


6o6 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


four  generations,    Herberts  of  White 
Friars,  Cardiff,  and  of  Swansea]        . 

ELIZABETH. 

William  Morgan,  Esq.  [of  Llantarnam  ?]  . 

William  Bassett,  Esq.  [of  Beaupre;  Sheriff 

in  1558]   ...... 

William  Bassett,  Esq.,  the  same      .         . 
William  Herbert,  sen.,   Esq.  [of  Cogan  ; 
his  nephew,  "William  Herbert,/««.," 
became  Sir  William,  Knt.]        .         . 
Robert  Sydney,  Esq.    [afterwards  (1586) 
Sir  Robert  Sydney  ;    2nd   son  of  Sir 
Henry  Sydney,  K.G.,  of  Penshurst  ; 
m.,    about    1584,    Barbara  Gamage, 
heiress  of  Coity  ;  was  made  Governor 
of  Flushing,  &c.  ;  cr.   Baron  Sydney 
and  Viscount  Lisle,  and  in  1618  Earl 
of  Leicester.     See  further  Carnage  of 
Coity  Castle]     ..... 

Thomas  Carne,  Esq.  [of  Ewenny  ;  Sheriff 
in  1571  and  1580;   m.  a  dau.   of  Sir 
John  Wyndham,  of  Orchard  Wynd- 
ham,   Somerset  ;   father  of  Sir  John 
Carne,  Knt.,  of  Ewenny] 
Thomas  Carne,  Esq.,  the  same 
Sir    Robert    Sydney,    Knt.    [see    under 
A.D.  1585]        ..... 

Sir    Thomas    Mansel,    Knt.    [afterwards 
Bart.,  of  Margam  ;  Sheriff  1593  and 
1603.     See  Manse/  of  Margam] 
Sir  John  Herbert,  Knt.  [of  Neath  Abbey  ; 
2nd  son  of  Matthew  Herbert,  Esq., 
of  Swansea;  Sheriff  in  1605;  d.  1617, 
it.  67]      ...... 

JAMES  I. 
Philip  Herbert,  Esq.,  in  his  place,  raised 

to  the  peerage, 

Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Knt. 

[Philip  Herbert  was  2nd  son  of  Henry,  2nd 

Earl  of  Pembroke  ;  cr.  Baron  Herbert 

of  Shurland,  Kent,  and  Earl  of  Mont- 

gomery,   1605;   succ.   as  4th  Earl  of 

Pembroke  on  death  of  his  b.  William 

1630,0?.  1650.  Nicolas,  Synop.  Peerage.] 

Sir  Thomas   Mansel,   Knt.    [of  Margam 

(see  A.D.  1597);  cr.  a  bart.,  1611,  on 

the  first  institution  of  the  order  by 

James  I.]          ..... 

William  Price,  Esq  ..... 

Sir  Robert  Mansel,  Knt.  [Vice-Admiral  ; 
loth  son  of  Sir  Edward  Mansel  of 
Margam,  by  Lady  Jane  Somerset, 
dau.  of  Henry,  2nd  Earl  of  Worcester. 
See  Margam  Abbey.  He  was  knighted 
by  the  Earl  of  Essex  for  his  valour  in 
taking  the  city  of  Cadiz,  1596  ;  made 
Vice-  Admiral  by  James  I.  ;  m.  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  of  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon, 
Knt.,  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,  and 
sister  of  the  celebrated  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Bacon]  ..... 


A.D. 
1557 

1558-9 

I563 
1571 

1572 


I58S 

1586 

1588 

1592 

1597 

1601 
1603 


1614 
1620 


CHARLES  I.  A.D. 

Sir  Robert  Mansel,  Knt.  (the  same)          .      1625 
Sir  John  Stradling,  Knt.  and  Bart,  [of  St. 

Donat's] 1626 

Sir  Robert  Mansel,  Knt.  (as  before)          .     1628 
Sir  Edward  -Stradling,  Knt.  and  Bart,  [of 

St.  Donat's].      1st  session          .         .      1640 
Philip  Lord    Herbert.       [Earl  of  Mont- 
gomery ;  son  and  successor  in    1650 
of  Philip  Herbert,  4th  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke.    See  1603]  2nd  session  .         .     1640 

THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 

The  "Little"  or  "Barebones"  Parlia- 
ment is  called.  Six  members  are 
summoned  for  all  Wales,  without 
special  constituencies : —  Bussy  Mansel, 
Hugh  Courtenay,  James  Philips, 
Richard  Pryse,  John  Williams,  John 
Bowen  and  Philip  Jones  for  Mon.  .  1653 

[Bussy  Mansel  is  well  known  as  of  Briton 
Ferry,  Glam.  ;  James  Philips  was  of 
Cardigan  ;  Richard  Pryse,  of  Goger- 
ddan  ;  and  if  Hugh  Courtenay  was 
the  otherwise  known  hot  "  royalist 
officer,"  he  must  have  been  sum- 
moned as  a  compromise.] 

OLIVER  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Col.  Philip  Jones  [of  Swansea,  afterwards^ 
of  Fonmon  Castle  ;  founder  of  the 
family  of  Jones  of  Fonmon ;  an  officer 
of  distinguished  merit ;  Governor  of 
Swansea  and  Cardiff  under  Cromwell ; 
became  one  of  His  Highness's  Council; 
Comptroller  of  the  Household  ;  was 
elevated  to  the  House  of  Lords.  See 
Jones  of  Fonmon  Castle,  and  Col. 
Francis's  Life  of  Col.  Philip  Jones,  in 
his  Charters  of  Swansea]  . 

William  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Wenvoe  . 

Col.  Philip  Jones,  of  Fonmon  (the  same) 

Edmund  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Wenvoe  [son 
of  William,  one  of  the  members  for 
I654]- 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Evan  Seys,  Esq.  [of  Boverton,  Serjeant- 
at-law.  See  Seys  of  Boverton.  This 
parliament,  after  a  few  short  and  in- 
terrupted sittings,  dissolved  itself, 
and  by  its  own  authority  called 
another  parliament  to  meet  on  April 
25,  1660] 1658-9 

CHARLES  II.— "THE  RESTORATION." 

Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Bart.,  of  Margam 
[Sheriff  in  1688 ;  son  of  Sir  Lewis  Man- 
sel, Bart.  ;  ;«.  Martha,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  Edward  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny  ; 


1654 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


607 


was  succ.  by  his  son,   Sir  Thomas, 
afterwards  Lord  Mansel]  .         .         .      1660 
Sir  Edward  Mansel  (the  same)          .         .     1661 
Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.  [of  Briton-Ferry  ;  the 
friend  of  Cromwell,  and  zealous  pro- 
moter of  his  cause  in  the  co.   of  Gla- 
morgan] ......     1678 

Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.  (the  same)         .         .     1680 
Sir   Edward   Mansel,   Bart,  [same  as  for 

1660,  &c.] 1680-1 

JAMES  II. 
Sir   Edward   Mansel,   Bart.,   of   Margam 

(the  same)  ....     1685 

Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Briton  Ferry        .     1688 

WILLIAM  AND  MARY— THE  REVOLUTION. 
Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Briton  Ferry        .     1689 
Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.  (the  same)         .  1695 

Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.  (the  same)          .         .     1598 
Sir  Thomas  Mansel,   Bart,  [of  Margam  ; 
Sheriff  in    1701  ;    was  made  Comp- 
troller of  the  Household  under  Queen 
Anne,  a  member  of  the  Privy  Council, 
Vice-Admiral  of  South  Wales,  Gov- 
ernor of  Milford  Haven  ;  cr.   Baron 
Mansel  of  Margam  1712;   d.    1723. 
See  Margam  Abbey] .         .         .         .     1700 
Sir   Thomas   Mansel,    Bart.,  of  Margam 

(the  same) 1701 

ANNE. 

Sir  Thomas  Mansel,    Bart.,    of  Margam 

(the  same)         .....      1702 
Sir   Thomas   Mansel,    Bart.,   of  Margam 

(the  same) 1705 

Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Bart,  (the  same)        .     1707 
Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Bart,  (the  same)        .     1 708 
Robert  Jones,    Esq.  [of  Fonmon   Castle, 
son  of  the  late   Col.  Philip  Jones  of 

Fonmon 1710 

Robert  Jones,  Esq.  (the  same)          .        .     1713 
Robert  Jones,  Esq.  (the  same)          .         .      1714 

GEORGE  I.  (HOUSE  OF  HANOVER). 
Robert  Jones,    Esq.,   of  Fonmon  Castle 

(the  same) 1714 

Robert  Jones,  Esq.  (the  same)          .         .      1715 
Sir  Charles    Kemeys,    Bart.,   vice  Jones, 

deceased  ......     1715 

Sir   Charles   Kemeys,    Bart.,  of  Keven- 

Mably      ......     1722 

GEORGE  II. 

Sir  Charles  Kemeys,  Bart,  (the  same)       .      1727 
Hon.    William   Talbot   [son  of  Charles, 

Baron  Talbot  of  Hensol]  .         .      1 734 

[jSussy  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Margam,  contested, 
the  poll  continuing  for  ten  days. 
1501  voted— for  Mansel,  823  ;  for 
Talbot,  678  ;  but  247  were  struck  off 
from  Mansel,  and  only  21  from 


A.D. 

Talbot  The  sheriff,  William  Basset 
of  Miskin,  accused  of  great  partiality]. 
Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.  [of  Margam,  after- 
wards Lord  Mansel,  elected  vice  Talbot, 
succ.'  to  the  peerage  on  death  of  his 
father,  Lord  Chancellor  Talbot,  Baron 

Hensol] 1737 

Hussy  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Margam  (the  same)  1741 
Thomas  Mathew,  Admiral  [of  Llandaff; 
son  of  Brig. -Gen.  Edward  Mathew 
of  Llandaff ;  father  of  Major  Thomas 
Mathew  of  Llandaff,  by  Henrietta 
Burgess,  an  Antigua  lady.  He  was 
chosen  vice  Bussy  Mansel,  who  succ. 
to  the  peerage  on  death  of  his  brother 
Christopher,  3rd  Lord  Mansel  of 
Margam,  1750,  s.  p.  m.,  when  the 
title  became  extinct.  The  four  suc- 
cessions from  the  first  lord,  Thomas, 
of  Margam,  in  1711,  to  death  of  Bussy, 
fourth  Lord  Mansel,  only  lasted 
thirty-nine  years.  The  revival  of  this 
title  in  the  person  of  the  present 
C.  R.  Mansel  Talbot,  M.P.,  has 
recently  been  declined]  .  .  .  1744 
Charles  Edwin,  Esq.  [of  Llanfihangel  ? 
The  election  took  place  at  Bridgend. 
The  name  Edwin  came  to  Glamorgan, 
it  is  believed,  with  Humphrey  Edwin, 
Esq.,  who  in  or  about  1 650  purchased 
Llanfihangel  from  Sir  Robert  Thomas, 
2nd  Bart.,  the  last  of  his  line.  See 
Thomas  of  Llanfihangd~\  .  .  .  1747 
Charles  Edwin,  Esq.  (the  same)  .  .  1754 
Dec.  2()tA.  Major  Thomas  Matthew  [of 
Llandaff],  vice  Edwin,  deceased.  [A 
contest  took  place  between  Matthew 
and  Charles  Van — see  Van  of  Mar- 
cross, —  who  was  probably  of  Llan- 
wern,  Mon.  Votes  for  Matthew, 
954;  for  Van,  212.  The  election 
was  held  at  Cardiff]  ....  1756 

GEORGE  III. 

Sir  Edmund  Thomas,  Bart,  [of  Wenvoe 

Castle] 1761 

Sir  Edmund  Thomas,  Bart,  [re-elected 
Ilth  May,  upon  his  appointment  as 
Commissioner  of  Woods  and  Forests]  1 76  3 

Richard  Turbervill,  Esq.  [of  Ewenny, 
Dec.,  1767,  vice  Thomas,  deceased. 
Election  at  Bridgend]  .  .  .  1767 

Hon.  George  Venables  Vernon  [of  Briton 
Ferry  ;  son  and  h.  of  George  Ven- 
ables, 1st  Lord  Vernon,  Baron  of 
Kinderton,  co.  Chester ;  m.  Louisa 
Barbara  (by  whom  he  had  no  surviving 
issue),  dau.  and  h.  of  Bussy,  last  Lord 
Mansel  of  Margam,  who  had  Briton 
Ferry  by  will  of  Thomas  Mansel  of 
that  place,  who  </.  s.  p.  ;  succ.  as  2nd 


6o8 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Lord  Vernon  1 780.  This  title  is  not 
extinct] 1768 

Hon.  George  Venables  Vernon  (the  same) 
["  Mr.  Thomas  Price  of  Dyffryn 
offered  himself  in  case  Lord  Vemon 
was  dead"]  .  .  .  .  .  1774 

Charles  Edwin,  Esq.  [was  a  Wyndham 
of  Dunraven,  assumed  his  mother's 
surname,  an  Edwin  of  Llanfihangel, 
see  A.  D.  1747  ;  vice  Vernon  who  s.  to 
the  peerage  on  death  of  his  father, 
Lord  Vernon] 1780 

Thomas  Wyndham,  Esq  [of  Dunraven 
Castle  ;  elected  at  Bridgend,  Sept., 
1789,  vice  Charles  Edwin,  resigned. 
Mr.  Traherne  (List  of  Knights  of  the 
Shire}  says  "vice  his  father,  Charles 
Wyndham,  who  took  the  Chiltern 
Hundreds"] 1789 

Thomas  Wyndham,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven 
(the  same).  [The  Wyndhams  came  to 
Dunraven  in  1642,  when  Thomas 
Wyndham  bought  the  estate  from  Sir 
George  Vaughan,  Knt.  See  Vaughaii 
of  Dunraven.  Thomas  Wyndham, 
Esq.,  was  the  last  of  his  line,  leaving 
an  only  dau.,  who  m.,  1810,  Wyndham 
Quin  Lord  Adare,  afterwards  2nd 
Earl  of  Dunraven}  .  .  .  1790—1812 

Benjamin  Hall,  Esq.,  vice  Wyndham  de- 
ceased [of  Hensol  Castle.  See  Llan- 
over,  Baron,  of  Llanover  ;  also  Hensol 
Castle} 1814 

Sir  Christopher  Cole,  K.C.B.  ;  Feb.  vice 
Hall  deceased.  [Son  of  Humphrey 
Cole,  Esq.,  of  Childown,  Surrey ; 
was  a  Post-Capt.  R.N.,  Col.  of  Royal 
Marines  ;  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Henry, 
2nd  Earl  of  Ilchester,  and  widow  of 
T.  M.  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam  ;  re- 
sided at  Penrice  Castle  ;  d.  s.  p.  1836]  1818 

John  Edwards,  Esq.  [Rheola  and  Llanelay 


— no  further  account  is  found  of  this 
brief  interruption  in  the  representation] 

GEORGE  IV. 


1818 


Sir  Christopher  Cole,  K.C.B.  [same  as  for 
1818  :  a  contest  occurred  between 
Cole,  Edwards,  and  Grey  ;  the  first 
polling  791  votes,  the  second  656,  the 
third  151 — total  votes  1,598.  Polling 
lasted  twelve  days]  ....  1820 

Sir  Christopher  Cole,  K.C.B.   (the  same)     1826 

WILLIAM  IV. 

C.  R.  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam, 
[present  senior  Member ;  has  continu- 
ously represented  the  co.  up  to  the 
present  time.  See  Talbot  of  Marga»i\  1830 
Do.  [General  Election  under  Reform 
Act,  when  he  was  chosen  as  a  second 
member  for  the  co.] 

Lewis  Weston  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  of 

Penlle'rgaer     .....     1832 

C.  R.  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam  .  ) 

Lewis  Weston  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  of  Penlle'r-  V  1835 
gaer ) 

VICTORIA. 

C.  R.  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam  .  j 
Richard  Wyndham  Quin  Viscount  Adare  >  1837 

[afterwards  3rd  Earl  of  Dunraven]       ) 
C.  R.  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam 
Sir  George  Tyler,  K.  H.   [of  Cottrel,  vice  I 

Viscount  Adare  resigned  ;   eldest  son 

of  Admiral  Sir  Charles  Tyler,  G.  C.  B. ; 

became  Rear- Admiral  1 852 ;  continued 

Mr.  Talbot's  colleague  till  1857] 
C.   R.  Mansel  Talbot,   Esq  ,   of  Margam 

and  Penrice  Castle   . 
Henry  Hussey  Vivian,  Esq.,  of  Parkwern, 

Swansea  ...... 

The  sitting  Members,  1872. 


,1851 


1857 


2.— Members  of  Parliament  for  Cardiff  and  Contributory  Boroughs,  A.D.  1542— A.D.  1872. 

HENRY  VIII. 
John  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  the  Inner  Temple .      1542 

EDWARD  VI. 
John  Cokk,  Esq.  [the  name  otherwise  un- 


known] 


1547 


MARY. 


David  Edwards  {Browne  Willis  gives  David 

Evans] '553 

David  Evar.s,  Gent.,  2nd  Parl.          .         .      '553 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  [place  unknown  ; 
probably  son  of  Richard,  son  of  Howcl 
Thomas   Herbert   of   Berth -hir,   and 


grandson  of  Thomas  William  Jenkin 

of  Raglan] 1554 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 


William  Colchesler  [place  unknown]         .     1554 
Willis  gives  no  return      ....     1555 
Lysanno  ap  Ryse,  Esq.     [This  was  doubt- 
_    less  Leyson  Price  of  Briton  Ferry,  son 
of  Rhys  ap  Evan,  of  the  line  of  lestyn, 
through   Evan   ap    Leyson,    Lord  of 
Baglan.     He  m.  Maud,  dau.  of  David 
Evans,  Esq.,  ofGnoll,  Sheriff  in  1562]     1557 

ELIZABETH. 

Willis  gives  no  return      ....         1558-9 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


609 


"A  U. 

Henry  Lewis,   Esq.  [of  Cardiff;    Under- 

Sheriff  1552] 1563 

Henry  Morgan,   Esq.  [no  place   given — 

probably  Glanrumney]      .         .         .1571 

Davia  Roberts,  Gent.  [Under-Sheriff  1571]     1572 

Nicholas  Herbert,  Esq.  [ofCogan;  Sheriff 
1578  and  1587  ;  3rd  son  of  Matthew 
Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Swansea]  .  .  1585 

George  Lewis,  Esq.  [of  Llys-Talybont ; 
2nd  son  of  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of 
Van ;  Sheriff  1569  ;  m.  Catherine, 
dau.  of  Miles  Mathew,  Esq.,  of 
Castle  Menych]  ....  1586 

David  Roberts,  Gent,   [probably  same  as 

for  1572] 1592 

Nicholas  Hawkins  [place  unknown]          .      1597 

William  Lewis,  Gent,  [place  unknown]    .      1601 

JAMES  I. 

Matthew  Davies,  Gent,  [place  unknown].     1603 
William  Thomas,  Gent,  [place  unknown]     1614 
William  Herbert,  Esq.     [There  were  three 
of  this  name  living  at  this  time  at 
or  near  Cardiff,   William    of    Cogan 
Pill,   son   of   Nicholas    Herbert  (see 
1585)  ;    William    of    White    Friars, 
Cardiff  ;  and  William,  jun.,  who  was 
slain  at  the  battle  of  Edge  Hill,  1642. 
But  this  last  could    scarcely  be  the 
member  for  Cardiff] ....      1620 
William    Price,    Esq.    [the   Under-Sheriff 

for  1626  was  of  this  name]        .         .      1623 

CHARLES  I. 

William  Price,  Esq.  (the  same)         .         .      1625 
William  Price,  Esq.  (the  same)        .         .      1626 
Lewis    Morgan,    Esq.   [place   not   given, 
probably   Glanrumney  ;   grandson   of 
member  for    1563  ;   his   mother  was 
dau.  of  Nicholas  Herbert,  of  Cogan]     1628 
William     Herbert,     Esq.     [probably     of\ 

Cogan.     See  next  Parl.],  1st  session 
William     Herbert,     Esq.     [probably     of 

Cogan;  father  of  William  Herbert  of  1640 
Swansea,  Cogan,  and  White  Friars  ; 
was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Edge  Hill, 
1642],  2nd  Session  .  .  .  . 
Algernon  Sidney,  vice  Herbert  .  .  1642 
[This  Algernon  Sidney,  or  Sydney, 
was  son  of  Robert  Sydney,  Earl  of 
Leicester,  and  was  doubtless  brought 
to  Cardiff  through  the  Coity  connection 
(see  Coity  Castle),  As  Col.  Sydney  he 
became  celebrated  under  Cromwell, 
was  a  strong  republican,  but  against 
Cromwell's  "usurpation."  This  Parl., 
known  as  the  "  Long  Parliament," 
continued  to  sit  at  intervals,  until,  in 
1648,  Col.  Pride's  "Purge"  put  a 
stop  to  its  "further  debate."  Sydney 
had  continued  all  this  time  a  member. 


In  1645  Cromwell  thought  highly  of 
him  as  an  officer  in  the  Parliament 
army.  "  I  am  confident,"  he  says  to 
Fairfax,  "he  will  serve  you  faith- 
fully ; "  but  in  1653,  in  dismissing 
the  "Long"  or  "Rump"  Parl.,  or, 
as  he  called  the  act,  "putting  an  end 
to  their  prating,"  Cromwell,  pointing 
to  the  Speaker,  said  to  Harrison, 
"Fetch  him  down!"  and  seeing 
Algernon  Sydney  sitting  next  to  the 
Speaker,  he  exclaimed,  "  Put  him 
out  ! "  then  pointing  to  the  mace, 
said,  "Take  away  that  bauble." 
Sydney,  however,  continued  a  staunch 
Commonwealth  and  anti-royalty  man  ; 
opposed  the  Restoration ;  survived 
Cromwell ;  concerted  with  Shaftes- 
bury,  Hampden,  and  Russell  in  1681  ; 
was  arrested  as  concerned  in  the 
"  Rye  House  Plot,"  was  tried  by  the 
miscreant  Jeffreys,  Charles  II. 's  in- 
strument, condemned,  and  executed  on 
Tower  Hill  1683.] 

THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 
The  "  Little  "  Parliament.    No  return  for 

the  boroughs.     See  under  County      .     1653 

OLIVER   CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

John  Price,  Esq.  [prob."John  Price,  Esq  ," 
of  Gellihir,  in  Gower,  an  active  man 
in  the  Protector's  cause]  .  .  .  1654 

John  Price,  Esq.  (the  same)     .         .         .      1656 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

John  Price,  Esq.  [the  same.  This  parlia- 
ment was  interrupted  sitting  Oct.  13, 
reassembled  Dec.  26,  and  continued 
sitting  till  March  16,  when  it  passed 
a  vote  not  only  dissolving  itself,  but 
the  parliament  of  NoV.  3,  1640,  and 
summoning  a  new  parliament  for 
April  25lh,  1660]  ....  1658-9 

CHARLES  II. 

Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Briton  Ferry  1660- 1 

Sir  Robert  Thomas,  Bart.,  of  Llanfihangel     1678-80 
Bussy  Mansel,  Esq.  [for  County  in   1680]     1681 

JAMES  II. 

Francis  Gwyn,  Esq  ,  of  Llansannor .         .      1685 

Thomas  Mansel,  Esq.,  of  Margam  [after- 
wards a  Bart.]  ....  1688-9 

Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Bart.,  of  St. 

Donat's 1695—1700 

Thomas  Mansel,  Esq.  [of  Briton  Ferry]    .      1701 

ANNE. 
Thomas  Mansel,  Esq.  (the  same)       .         .      1702-5 


6io 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


A.D. 

Sir  John  Aubrey,  Bart,  [of  Llantrithyd]    .      1707-8 
Sir    Edward     Stradling,     Bart.,    of    St. 

Donat's 1710-14 

GEORGE  I.  (HOUSE  OF  HANOVER). 

Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Bart,  (the  same)     .      1714 
Sir  Edward    Stradling,   4th  Bart,   of  St. 
Donat's ;  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  An- 
thony Hungerford     ....      1722 

GEORGE  II. 

Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Bart,  (the  same)     .N 

Hon.  Bussy  Mansel   [of  Margam,    after- 1 

wards  Lord  Mansel  of  Margam,  M.P.  L  1727 
•  for  the  co.  1737,  1741],  vice  Stradling, 
deceased   .          .          .          .          .          .  1 

Hon.  Herbert  Windsor  [afterwards  Baron 

Mountjoy,   &c.,   peerage  of  Ireland]     1734 

Herbert  Mackworth,  Esq.  [vice  Windsor, 
who  succ.  to  the  peerage  as  Baron 
Mountjoy]  .....  1739 

Herbert  Mackworth,  Esq.  [the  same  ;  son 
of  Sir  Humphrey  Mackworth,  Knt., 
of  Gnoll]  .....  1741 

Thomas  Edmonds,  Esq.  [no  place  speci- 
fied— probably  of  Cowbridge — the 
same  with  the  Under-Sheriff  of  1753. 
Of  this  family  possibly  is  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Edmondes,  M.A.,  at  present 
Vicar  of  Llanblethian-cum-Cow- 
bridge] ,747 

Herbert   Mackworth,    Esq.   [the  same  as 

for  1741  and  1761]    ....      1754 

GEORGE  III. 

Herbert  Mackworth,  Esq.,  of  Gnoll         .      1761 

Herbert  Mackworth,  Esq.  [of  Gnoll ;  son 
of  the  member  last  given ;  was  member 
also  in  1774,  1780,  and  1784;  cr.  a 
baronet  1776;  d.  1792]  .  .  .  1768—84 

Hon.  John  Stuart  [Lord  Mount-Stuart, 
eldest  son  of  John,  4th  Earl  of  Bute, 
and  1st  Marquess  of  Bute  ;  m.  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  and  sole  h.  of  Patrick 
Crichton,  Earl  of  Dumfries]  .  .  1790 

Lord   Evelyn  James   Stuart,    vice  Stuart 


A.  L>. 

deceased  [3rd  son  of  1st  Marquess  of 
Bute  ;  b.  in  1773  ;  Col.  in  the  army  ; 
d.  1842] '794  —  6 

Lord  William  Stuart  [Capt.  R.N.  ;  brother 

of  the  member  for  1794 — 1796]  .  1801 — 18 

Lord  Evelyn  James  Stuart  [vice  Stuart 

deceased;  same  as  member  for  1794 — 6]  1814 

Lord  P.  James  H.  C.  Stuart  [brother  of 
Evelyn  James,  last  member;  contested 
with  Frederick  Wood ;  for  Stuart, 
45  ;  Wood,  17]  ....  1818 

GEORGE  IV, 

Wyndham  Lewis,  Esq.  vice  Lord  James 
Stuart,  retired  [of  Green  Meadow, 
was  opposed  by  E.  Ludlow,  but  after 
six  days'  contest  was  returned  by  a 
considerable  majority;  was  afterwards 
member  successively  for  Aldburgh 
and  Maidstone ;  he  d.  1838,  and 
his  widow,  Mary  Anne,  dau.  of  John 
Evans,  Esq.,  of  Brampford  Speke, 
Devon,  m.,  1839,  Benjamin  Disraeli, 
Esq.,  M.P.  (now  Right  Hon.),  col- 
league with  Mr.  Lewis,  in  1837,  in  the 
representation  of  Maidstone]  .  .  1820 

Lord  P.  James  H.  Crichtorf-Stuart  [same 

as  member  for  181 8]          .         .         .     1826 — 32 

JohnNicholl,  Esq.  [gained  election  against 
Lord  James  H.  C.  Stuart ;  votes  for 
Nicholl,  342  ;  for  Stuart,  191]  .  .  1832 

John  Nicholl,  Esq.  [on  appointment  to  be 

Judge  Advocate-General]  .         .      1841 

Rt.  Hon.  John  Nicholl   .....      1847 

Walter  Coffin,  Esq.,  of  Llandaff  [son  of 
late  Walter  Coffin,  Esq.,  of  Bridgend ; 
had  a  contest  with  Rt.  Hon.  John 
Nicholl,  D.C.L. ;  obtained  a  majority 
of  26] 1852 

Col.  James  Frederick  Dudley  Crichton- 
Stuart  [eldest  son  of  the  late  Lord 
Patrick  James  Herbert  Stuart,  brother 
of  the  late  John,  2nd  Marquess  of 
Bute  ;  is  cousin  of  the  'present  mar- 
quess]   1857 

Is  the  present  sitting  member,  1872. 


3- — Members  of  Par /lament  for  Swansea  and  Contributory  Boroughs  down  to  1872. 

Swansea,  notwithstanding  its  great  population  and  importance  as  the  largest  corporate 
town  and  port  in  the  county,  had  not  the  privilege  of  sending  a  representative  to  Parliament 
till  1832,  when  the  Reform  Bill  conceded  to  it  this  justice. 

Once,  indeed,  before — during  that  brief  period  of  exceptional  administration  inaugurated 
by  the  Commonwealth  and  by  Cromwell — Swansea  had  sent  a  delegate  to  Parliament.  That 
delegate  was  William  Foxwist,  a  member  of  a  Cheshire  family  residing  at  Carnarvon  (Dwnn, 
Herald.  Visit,  u,  286),  and  a  Judge  of  Great  Sessions  in  Wales.  We  find  some  few  other 
facts  of  his  history  previous  to  the  year  of  his  membership  for  "  Swansea."  His  name 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


611 


is  given  in  Browne  Willis  (Not.  Par/.)  as  serving  for  Carnarvon  Town  in  1640,  the  first 
year  of  the  "Long  Parliament"  of  Charles  I.,  "in  the  room"  of  "William  Thomas, 
Esq.,"  of  Aber,  who  had  either  been  "deceased  or  displaced"  between  1640  and  1653, 
the  latter  being  the  date  of  Cromwell's  "  Little "  Parliament.  He  also  served  for  the 
co.  of  Anglesey,  as  colleague  of  George  Twistleton,  another  Cromwellite,  in  the  "  Bare- 
bones"  Parliament  of  1654.  In  1658-9  he  appears  at  Swansea.  That  he  was  apolitical 
Republican,  and  an  Independent  in  ecclesiastical  polity — two  things  which  by  no 
means  go  together  as  a  rule — is  likely  enough,  and  that  he  was  a  staunch  friend  of  the 
Cromwellian  cause  is  morally  certain,  for  he  was  a  commissioner  for  Carnarvon  in  1657  to 
raise  money  for  the  Protectorate,  and  in  a  place  of  honour  in  the  grand  funeral  procession 
of  Cromwell,  along  with  Walter  Cradock,  and  Serjeant  Seys  (of  Boverton),  Edmund,  Lord 
Thomas  (of  Llanfihangel),  and  Philip,  Lord  Jones  (of  Fonmon).  See  Francis's  Charters 
of  Swansea.  His  arms  were  :  Arg.,  on  a  chevron  sa.  a  mullet  pierced  of  the  field  lietw.  3 
crosslets fitch'ees  sa. 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,   LORD  PROTECTOR. 
William  Foxwist,  Esq.  [of  what  place  not  stated  ......... 


A.D. 
1658-9] 


WILLIAM  IV. 

John  Henry  Vivian,  Esq.  [First  enfran- 
chisement of  the  borough  under  the 
Reform  Aft.  Registered  voters,  I,  307. 
Mr.  Vivian  chosen  without  a  contest]  1832 

John  Henry  Vivian,  Esq.  [registered  voters, 

1,322] 1835 

VICTORIA. 
John  Henry  Vivian,  Esq.  [registered  voters, 

1,349] '837 

John    Henry   Vivian,    Esq.    [reg.   voters, 

1,447] 1841 


John  Henry  Vivian,  Esq.  [reg.  voters,  1,563] 
John  Henry  Vivian,  Esq.  [reg.  voters,  1,694] 
Lewis  Llewelyn  Dillwyn,  Esq. 

[vi'ceMr.  Vivian,  deceased.  Mr.  Dillwyn 
has  continued  without  interruption  to 
represent  Swansea  to  the  present  time. 
Thus  the  constituency  has  escaped  a 
contest,  and  has  only  had  two  mem- 
bers  since   its   creation   as  a  parlia- 
mentary borough  by  the  Reform  Act 
of  1832]   ...... 

The  sitting  member,  1872. 


1847 
1854 
1855 


4. — Members  of  Parliament  for  Merthr  Tydfil  District. 

The  District  of  Merthyr,  the  great  centre  of  iron  and  coal  operations,  having  rapidly 
grown  in  wealth  and  population,  was  conceded  by  the  Reform  Bill  of  1832  the  parliamentary 
franchise.  In  1831  the  population  of  Merthyr  was  22,083.  In  l861  the  population  of  the 
Parliamentary  District,  including  Aberdare,  was  83,875.  In  1871  it  had  risen  so  high  as 
96,891. 


Josiah  John  Guest,  Esq.,  of  Dowlais 

[registered  votes,  502]  .  .  .  1832 

Josiah  John  Guest,  Esq.  [reg.  votes,  564]     1835 

Josiah  John  Guest,  Esq.  [reg.  votes,  582. 
Contest  between  Guest  and  J.  B. 
Bruce.  Voted  for  Guest,  309  ;  for 
Bruce,  135] 1837 

Sir  Josiah  John  Guest,  [cr.  Baronet  1838. 

On  the  register  this  year,  760]  .  .  1841 


Sir  Josiah  John  Guest,  Bart  [reg.  voters, 

822]  ....  •  l847 

Henry  Austin  Bruce,|  Esq.  [vice  Guest, 
dec.,  now  (1872)  the  Right  Hon.  H. 
A.  Bruce,  Secretary  of  State  for  the 
Home  Department.  See  Bruce  of 
Dyffryn} 1852 


Merthyr  Tydfil  having  by  census  of  1861  a  population  of  83,875,  is  empowered  to  send 
to  Parliament  henceforth  two  representatives.     The  representation  was  contested  in  1868  with 


612 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


the  following  result: — Richard  Fothergill,  Esq.  (local  ironmaster),  7,439  votes;  Henry 
Richard,  Esq.,  of  London  (Secretary  of  Peace  Society),  11,683  votes;  Rt.  Hon.  H.  A. 
Bruce,  5,776  votes.  Mr.  Bruce  was  eventually  elected  for  Renfrewshire. 


Richard  Fothergill,  Esq.,  of  Abernant  House 

Henry  Richard,  Esq.,  of  London          ..... 

The  sitting  Members,  1872. 


A.P. 

1868 


SECTION  X.— THE  LORD  LIEUTENANTS  OF  GLAMORGAN, 

AD.  1660— A.D.   1872. 

The  office  of  Lord  Lieutenant — the  sovereign's  representative  in  counties  in  matters 
pertaining  to  their  military  arrangements — was  brought  into  full  maturity  at  the  Restoration 
In  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  a  class  of  magistrates,  invested  in  crises  of  danger  with  extra- 
ordinary powers,  did  the  work  of  calling  forth  and  arraying  the  military  forces  of  their 
county.  In  still  earlier  times  "  Commissions  of  Array  "  were  issued  to  muster  and  arm  the 
different  districts.  The  right  of  the  Crown  to  issue  such  commissions  was  denied  by  the 
Parliament,  and  constituted  one  of  th,£  great  questions  in  debate  between  the  Commons 
and  Charles  I.  But  with  his  assumption  of  power  at  the  Restoration,  Charles  II.  was  allowed 
to  exercise  this  right  to  the  full  (14  Car.  II.,  cap.  3).  The  duties  of  Lord  Lieutenants  and 
their  Deputy  Lieutenants  have  been  denned  in  the  various  Militia  Acts,  but  the  functions  of 
their  office  have  been  in  a  great  degree  curtailed  by  the  Army  Regulations  of  1872. 


Lord  Lieutenant. 

Carbery,  Richard  Vaughan,  2nd  Earl  of,  of  Golden  Grove,  Carm. 
Carbery,  Richard  Vaughan,  Earl  of,  (the  same)  reappointed         .... 
Carbery,  Richard  Vaughan,  Earl  of,  (  the  same)         do.  .         . 

Worcester,  Henry  Somerset,  3rd  .Marquess  and  7th  Earl  of,         .         .         . 
Beaufort,  Henry  Somerset  (the  same),  cr.  Duke  of,  1682.      He  was  styled  "Lord 

President  of  Wales  "  (</.  1699) 

Macclesfield,  Charles  Gerard,  1st  Earl  of  (d.  1694) 

Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  Thomas  Herbert,  8th  Earl  of,  (d.  1733) 

Bolton,  Charles  Paulet,  3rd  Duke  of,  (d.  1754) 

Plymouth,  Other  Lewis  Windsor,  4th  Earl  of,  (d.  1771)      .... 
Mount-Stuart,  John,  Lord,  afterwards  1st  Marquess  of  Bute 

Bute,  John  Stuart,  4th  Earl  of 

Bute,  John  Crichton  Stuart,  2nd  Marquess  of,  and  Custos  Rotul.,  (d.  1848) 
Talbot,  Christopher  Rice  Mansel,  Esq.,  M.P.,  (and  Custos  Rotul.)     . 

Present  Lord  Lieutenant,  1872. 


Date  of  Appointment. 

A.D. 

1 8th  Sept.,  1660. 

22nd  Dec.,  1660. 

I  gth  July,  1662. 

20th  July,  1673. 

28th  March,  1685. 
22nd  March,  1689. 

nth  May,  1694. 
22nd  March,  1728. 

6th  Nov.,  1754. 
22nd  March,  1772. 

1 9th  Dec.  1794. 

2nd  June,  1815. 
5th  May,  1848. 


SECTION  XL— BISHOPS  OF  LLANDAFF  FROM  THE  CONQUEST  TO  1872. 
\_The  See  had  already  existed  about  600  years.~\ 


Appointment. 


A.D. 
1059 


Herewald  (a  Saxon) ;  d.  1103  ;  consec.  1059  ; 

[The  see  vacant  four  years.] 

1 108     Urban,  Archdeacon  of  Llandaff ;  consecrate^ 
loth  August,  Iio8;or.  1133. 
[The  see  vacant  six  years.] 
1139     Uhtred;  consecrated  1139;  d.  1148. 


Appointment. 


A.D. 
1148 

"53 
1185 


Galfrid,  followed  Uhtred  1148;  d.  1153. 
Nicholas    ap  Gwrgant ;    (a    Welshman) ;    d. 

1183. 
William   de   Salso  Marisco;    d.    circa    1191. 

was  bishop  when  Giraldus  Cambr.   visited 

Llandaff  (fee  p.  531). 


BISHOPS  OF  LLANDAFF. 


613 


Appointment, 
A.  I). 

1196     Henry,  Prior  of  Abergavenny  ;  d.  1218. 
1219     William,    Prior  of  Godcliffe  ;   d.  1240. 
[See  \vas  now  vacant  about  four  years.] 
1244     William   de   Burgh,    Chaplain    to    the    King 

(Henry  III.)  ;  consecrated  1244  ;  d.  1253. 
1253     John  de  la  Warr;    elected  26th  July,    1253; 

d.  1256. 

1256     William  de  Radnor;  el.  3oth  July;  d.   1265. 
1266     William   de   Breos,    Prebendary  of  Llandaff; 

elected  March,  1266;  d.  igth  March,  1287. 

[It  is  believed  that  no  bishop  was  appointed  between 
1287  and  1296,  but  Le  Neve  on  the  Authority  of 
Prynne  states  that  Philip  de  Staunton  succ.  in 
September. — 1287,  Nicolas,  Peerage.} 

1296    John  de  Monmoulh  ;  nominated  March,  1295  ; 

consecrated  February,  1296  ;  d.  1323. 
1323     John  de  Eglescliffe  ;  translated  from  Connor, 

Ireland,   September,  1323;  d.  2nd  January, 

1346.      To  succeed  him,  John  Coventrewas 

elected  by  the  clergy,  but  rejected  by  the  Pope. 
1347    John  Paschall ;  appointed  3rd  June;  d.   nth 

October,  1361. 
1361     Roger  Cradock;    translated  from  Waterford, 

Ireland,  I5th  December,  1361  ;  d.  1382. 
1383     Thomas   Rushooke,    Confessor   to    the    King 

(Richard    II. )^     translated    to   the    see   of 

Chichester  in  1386. 
1386     William    de    Bottlesham,    titular    Bishop    of 

Bethlehem  ;  translated  to  Rochester  in  1389. 
1389     Edmund  de  Brumfeld  ;  appointed  iyth  Dec. ; 

d.  1391. 
'393     Tideman  de  Winchcomb,  Abbot  of  Beauly  ; 

appointed    5th    July,    1393 ;    translated   to 

Worcester  in  1395. 

1395  Andrew  Barret ;  appointed  25th  August,  1395  ; 

d.  1396. 

1396  John    Burghill,  alias   Bruchilla,    Confessor   to 

King  Richard  II.;    appointed    I5th  June; 

translated  to  Lichfield  and  Coventry  1398. 
1398     Thomas  Peverel ;   translated  from  Ossory,  in 

Ireland,  1398,  and  to  Worcester  in  1407. 
1408    John  la  Zouche  ;  appointed  7th  June. 
1425    John  Wells  ;  app.  gth  July,  1425  ;  d.  1440. 
1441     Nicholas   Ashby,    Prior   of  Westminster;    d. 

1458. 
1458    John  Hunden,  Prior  of  King's  Langley,  Herts  ; 

resigned  some  time  before  his  death. 
1476    John  Smith  ;  appointed  July,  1476  ;  d.  1478. 
1478    John  Marshal ;  appointed  i8th  September. 
1496    John  Ingleby,  Prior  of  Shene  ;  d.  1500. 
1500     Miles  Salley,  or  Sawley  ;  d.  1516. 
1516     George    Athequa,    de    Attica,    or    Attien,    a 

Spaniard ;  was  chaplain  to  Queen  Katherine 

of  Arragon. 
1537     Robert  Holgate,  Prior  of  Watton  ;  translated 

to  York  I oth  January,  1545. 


Appointment. 

A.I). 

1545     Anthony  Kitchin,  or  Dunstan  ;  d.  Oct.,  1566. 

1567     Hugh    Jones,     "first     Welshman    appointed 

bishop  of  his  church  in  almost  300  years." 

(See  p.  580.) 
1575     William   Blethyn,    Prebendary   of   York ;    d. 

IS90- 
1591     Gervase  Babington,   Prebendary  of  Hereford  ; 

translated  to  Exeter  in  1595. 
'595     William  Morgan  \the  Translator  of  the  Bible 

into  Welsh  ;  a  native  of  Penmachno,  Cam.]  ; 

translated  to  St.  Asaph  1601. 
1601     Francis  Godwin,   Canon  of  Wells;  translated 

to  Hereford  1617. 

1617     George  Carleton,  translated  to  Chichester  1619. 
1619     Theophilus  Field;    translated  to   St.    David's 

1627. 
1627     William  Murray;    translated   from  Kilfenora, 

Ireland. 
1639     Morgan  Owen;  elected  March,  1639;  d.  1645. 

[  The  see  is  vacant  about  16  years.  ] 
1660     Hugh  Lloyd,   Archdeacon  of  St.  David's ;  d. 

1667. 
1667     Francis    Davies,     Archdeacon    of    Llandaff; 

elected  2gth  July,  1667;  d.  lyOn.  March,  1674. 
1675     William    Lloyd,    Prebendary   of    St.    Paul's ; 

elected    6th    April ;     translated    to    Peter- 
borough 1679. 

1679     William  Beaw  ;  consecr.  22nd  June;  d.  1707. 
1707    John  Tyler,  Dean  of  Hereford  ;  d.  1724. 
1724     Robert  Clavering,   Canon  of  Christ  Church, 

Oxford  ;  elected  1724;  translated  to  Peter- 
borough 1728.  i 
1728     John   Harris,   Prebendary  of  Canterbury;   d. 

1738. 

1738     Matthias  Mawson  ;  transl.  to  Chichester  1740. 
1740    John  Gilbert,  Dean  of  Exeter;  translated   to 

Salisbury  1748. 

1748     Edward  Cresset,  Dean  of  Hereford  ;  d.  1755. 
1755     Richard  Newcome,  Canon  of  Windsor ;  trans- 
lated to  St.  Asaph  in  1761. 
1761     John  Ewer,  Canon  of  Windsor;  translated  to 

Bangor  1769. 
1769     Hon.  Shute  Barrington,  Canon  of  St.   Paul's  ; 

translated    to   Salisbury   1782. 
1782     Richard     Watson    (the    eminent    theologian), 

Archdeacon  of  Ely  ;  elected  1782  ;  d.  1816. 
1816     Herbert  Marsh  (the  eminent  Biblical  scholar) ; 

translated  to  Peterborough  1819  ;  d.  1839. 
1819     William  Van  Mildert ;  translated  to  Durham 

1826. 

1826  Charles  Richard  Sumner  ;  translated  to  Win- 

chester 1827. 

1827  Edward  Copleston  ;  appointed  1827  ;  d.  1849. 
1849     Alfred    Ollivant ;    appointed    1849.      Prfseiti 

bishop. 


2   S 


6,4 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


SECTION  XII.-THE  MAGISTRACY   OF   THE   COUNTY  AND    BOROUGHS 

OF    GLAMORGAN,    1872. 

i. —  COUNTY  MAGISTRATES. 


Bassett,  Richard,  Esq.,  Bonvilston. 

Batchelor,  Sydney  James,  Esq.,  Penarth. 

Bath,  Charles,  Esq.,  Ffynone. 

Bath,  Henry  James,  Esq.,  Swansea. 

Benson,  Henry  Roxby,  Esq.,  Tyrllandwr. 

Benson,  Starling,  Esq.,  Fairy  Hill. 

Berrington,  Arthur  V.  D.,  Esq.,  Cefngola. 

Berrington,  Jenkin  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Pantygoitre. 

Biddulph,  John,  Esq.,  Swansea. 

Blosse,  Ven.  Archdeacon  Henry  Lynch,  Bridgend. 

Booker,  Thomas  William,  Esq.,  Velindre. 

Brogden,  James,  Esq.,  Tondu. 

Bruce,  Alan  Cameron,  Esq.,  London. 

Bruce,  Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Austin,  M.P.,  Duffryn. 

Bruce,  Lewis  Knight,  Esq.,  St.  Nicholas. 

Bruce,  Rev.  William,  St.  Nicholas. 

Budd,  James  Palmer,  Esq.,  Ystalyfera. 

Bute,  John  Patrick,  Marquess  of,  Cardiff  Castle. 

Calland,  John  Forbes,  Esq.,  Gnoll. 

Cameron,  Nathaniel  Pryce,  Esq.,  Swansea. 

Came,  J.    W.   Nicholl-,  Esq.,   D.C.L.,  St.  Donat's. 

Cartwright,  William  Sheward,  Esq.,  Newport. 

Clark,  George  Thomas,  Esq.,  Dowlais. 

Corbett,  John  Stuart,  Esq.,  Cogan. 

Crawshay,  Robert  Thompson,  Esq.,  Cyfarthfa. 

David,  Charles  Williams,  Esq.,  Cardiff. 

David,  Evan  Williams,  Esq.,  Fairwater. 

Davies,  Evan  Jones,  Esq. ,  Merthyr. 

Davies,  Joseph,  Esq.,  Bedwas. 

Davies,  Rees  Edward,  Esq.,  Mardy. 

Davis,  David,  Esq.,  Cwm. 

Davis,  David,  Esq.,  Maesyffynon. 

Dillwyn,  Henry  de  la  Beche,  Esq. ,  London. 

Dillwyn,  Lewis  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Hendrefoilan. 

Eaton,  Robert,  Esq.,  Bryn-y-mor. 
Edmond,  William,  Esq.,  Blaen-y-maes. 
Edmondes,  Rev.  Thomas,  Cowbridge. 
Edwardes,  Rev.  Frederick  Francis  E.,  Gileston. 
Elliott,  George,  Esq.,  Aberaman. 
Evans,  Henry  Jones,  Esq.,  Cardiff. 
Evans,  Herbert  Edward,  Esq.,  Eaglesbush. 
Evans,  Thomas  John,  Esq.,  Merthyr. 

Falconer,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Co.  Court  Judge,  Usk. 
Fisher,  Samuel  Sharpe  Herman,  Esq.,  Llwynderw. 
Fothergill,  George,  Esq.,  Treforest. 
Fothergill,  Richard,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Aberdare. 
Fowler,  J.  C,  Esq.  (Stipendiary  for  Merthyr),  Gnoll. 
Francis,  George  Grant,  Esq.,  Cae  Bailey. 
Franklin,  Richard,  Esq.,  Clementston. 


Gibbon,  John  Samuel,  Esq.,  Newton. 

Gilbertson,  William,  Esq.,  Pontardawe. 

Gough,  Richard  Douglas,  Esq.,  Ynyscedwyn. 

Gould,  Hubert  Churchill,  Esq.,  Ash  Hall. 

Grenfell,  Pascoe  St.  Leger,  Esq.,  Maesteg  House. 

Griffith,  Rev.  David  Hanmer,  Cadoxton. 

Griffith,  Rev.  John,  Merthyr. 

Griffiths,  Rev.  Walter,  Dylais. 

Guest,  Arthur  Edward,  Esq.,  Tynygraig. 

Gwyn,  Howel,  Esq.,  Duffryn. 

Gwynne,  Frederick  Finines,  Esq. ,  New  House. 

Hall,  Richard,  Esq.,  Baglan. 
Herbert,  John  Maurice,  Esq.,  Co.  Court  Judge. 
Homfray,  John,  Esq.,  Penlline  Castle. 
Homfray,  John  Richard,  Esq.,  Penlline  Castle. 
Hutchins,  Edward  John,  Esq.,  Dowlais. 

Insole,  James  Harvey,  Esq.,  Llandaff. 

James,  David  W.,  Esq.,  Forth. 
James,  John  Williams,  Esq.,  Swansea. 
Jeffreys,  John  Gwyn,  Esq.,  Gellygron. 
Jenkin,  John  Trevillian,  Esq.,  Swansea. 
Jenkins,  George  Henry,  Esq.,  Penlline. 
Jenkins,  John  Blandy,  Esq.,  Llanharry. 
Jenner,  Hugh,  Esq.,  Wenvoe. 
Jenner,  Robert  F.  Lascelles,  Esq.,  Wenvoe. 
Johnes,  John,  Esq.,  Co.  Court  Judge,  Dolaucothi. 
Jones,   Robert  Oliver,   Esq.    (Stipendiary),    Fonmon 
Castle. 

Knight,  Rev.  Charles  Rumsey,  Tythegston  Court. 

Lee,  Rev.  Henry  Thomas,  Dihaspowis. 

Lee,  Vaughan  Hanning,  Esq.,  Lanelay. 

Lewis,  Henry,  Esq.,  Green  Meadow. 

Lewis,  James,  Esq.,  Tydraw. 

Llewellyn,  Edward  Turberville,  Esq.,  Hendrescythan. 

Llewellyn,  Griffith,  Esq.,  Baglan. 

Llewellyn,  William,  Esq.,  Court  Colman. 

Llewelyn,  John  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  Penlle'rgaer. 

Llewelyn,  John  Talbot  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  Ynysygerwn. 

Lloyd,  Herbert,  Esq.,  Killybebyll. 

Martin,  William,  Esq.,  Ynystawe. 
Mayberry,  Rev.  Charles,  Penderyn. 
Moggridge,  Matthew,  Esq.,  Swansea. 
Morgan,  Evan,  Esq.,  St.  Helen's. 
Morgan,  Hon.  Frederick  Courtenay,  Ruperra. 
Morgan,  Hon.  Godfrey  Charles,  Tredegar. 
Morris,  George  Byng,  Esq.,  Dnnygraig. 
Morris,  Sir  John  Armine,  Bart.,  Sketty  Park. 
Morris,  Robert  Armine,  Esq.,  Oystermouth. 
Morse,  Thomas  Robert,  Esq.,  Glanogwr. 


THE  MAGISTRACY  OF  GLAMORGAN. 


615 


Nicholl,  George  Whitlock,  Esq.,  Ham. 
Nicholl,  John  Cole,  Esq.,  Merthyr-mawr. 

Page,  Charles  Harrison,  Esq.,  Llandaff. 
Penrice,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Kilvrough. 
Phillips,  Griffith,  Esq.,  Whitchurch. 
Prichard,  William,  Esq.,  Crofta. 
Pryce,  John  Bruce,  Esq.,  Duffryn. 

Randall,  John,  Esq.,  Neath. 

Randall,  John  Henry,  Esq.,  Bridgend. 

Rhys,  Rees  Hopkin,  Esq.,  Aberdare. 

Richards,  Evan  Matthew,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Brooklands. 

Richards,  Richard,  Esq.,  Bellevue. 

Richardson,  James  Coxon,  Esq. ,  Glanyrafon. 

Richardson,  John  Crow,  Esq.,  Pantygwydir. 

Rickards,  Rev.  Hely  Hutchinson  Keating,  Landough. 

Rickards,  Robert  Hillier,  Esq.,  Clifton. 

Roberts,  Richard  Thomas,  Esq.,  Aberdare. 

Romilly,  Edward,  Esq.,  Porthkerry. 

Romilly,  Frederick,  Esq.,  Porthkerry. 

Rous,  George  Grey,  Esq.,  Courtyralla. 

Rowland,  John  Henry,  Esq.,  Froodvale. 

Salmon,  Thomas  Deere,  Esq.,  London. 

Salmon,  William,  Esq.,  Penlline  Court. 

Smith,  Charles  Henry,  Esq.,  Gwemllwynwith. 

Stacey,  Francis  Edmond,  Esq.,  Landough. 

Strick,  George  Burden,  Esq.,  West  Cross. 

Struve,  William  Price,  Esq.,  Bridgend. 

Stuart,  James  F.  Dudley  Crichton,  Esq., M.P., Cardiff. 


Talbot,   Christopher  Rice  Mansel,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Lord 

Lieutenant,  Margam  Park. 
Talbot,  Theodore  Mansel,  Esq. ,  Margam  Park. 
Thomas,  Charles  Evan,  Esq.,  London. 
Thomas,  George  Williams  G  ,  Esq.,  Coedriglan. 
Thomas,  Hubert  de  Burgh,  Esq.,  Llanblethian. 
Thomas,  Iltid,  Esq.,  Glanmor. 
Thomas,  John  B.  D.,  Esq.,  Tregroes. 
Traherne,  Anthony  Powell,  Esq.,  Broadlands. 
Traherne,  George  Montgomery,  Esq.,  St.  Hilary. 
Traherne,  John  Popkin,  Esq.,  Coytrehen. 
Tredegar,  Rt.  Hon.  the  Lord,  Tredegar  Park. 
Turbervill,  Thomas  Picton,  Esq.,  Ewenny  Abbey. 
Tyler,  Rev.  Roper  Trevor,  Llantrithyd. 
Tynte,  Charles  Kemeys  Kemeys,  Esq.,  Cefn-Mably. 

Vachell,  Frederick  Charles,  Esq.,  Highmead. 
Vivian,  Arthur  Pendarvis,  Esq.,  M.  P.,  Craigavon. 
Vivian,  Henry  Hussey,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Parkwern. 
Vivian,  William  Graham,  Esq.,  Singleton. 

Walter,  James,  Esq.,  Ffynone,  Swansea. 
Williams,  Charles  Henry,  Esq.,  Roath. 
Williams,  David  Evan,  Esq.,  Hirwain. 
Williams,  Rev.  David  Watkin,  Fairfield. 
Williams,  Evan,  Esq.,  Duffryn  Ffrwd. 
Williams,  Evan  Thomas,  Esq.,  Duffryn. 
Williams,  George  Croft,  Esq.,  Llanrumney. 
Williams,  Gwilym,  Esq.  (Stipendiary),  Miskin  Manor. 
Williams,  Morgan  Stuart,  Esq.,  Aberpergwm. 
Wilson,  Charles  Thomas,  Esq.,  Brynnewydd. 
Wood,  Edward  Robert,  Esq.,  Stouthall. 


Clerk  of  the  Peace,  Thomas  Dalton,  Esq. 


2. — BOROUGH  MAGISTRATES. 
Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the  Borough  of  Cardiff',  1872. 


Charles  Williams  David,  Esq.,  Mayor. 

Robert  Oliver  Jones,  Esq.,  Stipendiary  Magistrate. 

William  Thomas  Edwards,  Esq.,  M.D. 

William  Done  Bushell,  Esq. 

Thomas  Edward  Heath,  Esq. 

James  Harvey  Insole,  Esq. 

George  Bird,  Esq. 

James  Pride,  Esq. 


William  Alexander,  Esq. 
Griffith  Phillips,  Esq. 
William  Bradley  Watkins,  Esq. 
Edward  Stock  Hill,  Esq. 
George  Johnson,  Capt.  R. N.,  Esq. 
Henry  James  Paine,  Esq.,  M  D. 
Samuel  Nash,  Esq. 
Alexander  Bassett,  Esq. 


Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the  Borough  of  Swansea,  1872. 


The  Mayor  and  Ex-mayor  for  the  time  being. 

Starling  Benson,  Esq.,  of  Swansea          .          .  1836 

George  Grant  Francis,  Esq.,  of  Cae  Bailey      .  1855 

James  Walters,  Esq.,  of  Fynone     .  .  1855. 

Evan  Mathew  Richards,  Esq.,  of  Swansea      .  1855 

John  Williams  James,  Esq.,  of  Swansea          .  1855 

Michael  Martin  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Swansea    .  1855 

John  Biddulph,  Esq.,  of  Dderwenfawr   .         .  1857 

Trevor  Addams  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Clyncollen  1859 

Silvanus  Padley,  the  younger,  Esq. ,  of  Swansea  1 859 


A.D. 

John  Crow  Richardson,  Esq.,  of  Uplands        .  1859 

John  Oakshot,  Esq.,  of  Swansea     .        ..         .  1859 

William  Henry  Michael,  Esq.,  of  Swansea     .  1860 

Jeremiah  Clarke  Richardson,  Esq.,  of  Swansea  1868 

William  Henry  Forester,  Esq.,  of  Swansea     .  1868 

Sydney  Hall,  Esq.,  of  Swansea       .         .         .  1868 

George  Browne  Brock,  Esq.,  of  Swansea         .  1868 

Thomas  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Swansea         .         .  1868 

John  Trevillian  Jenkin,  Esq.,  of  Swansea        .  lS68 

Mr.  George  Bowen,  Attorney-at-Liw,  Clerk  i86(j 


6i6 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


SECTION  XIII.- PORTREEVES  AND  MAYORS  OF  SWANSEA, 
A.D.   1600— A.D.  1872. 

• 

Portreeves. 


A.D. 

A.D. 

A.I). 

Owen  Phillippe    . 

1600 

Thomas  Williams 

1652    David  Thomas,  Gent.  . 

1708 

William  Fleminge 

1601 

John  Daniel 

.     1653    Griffith  Phillips,  Gent. 

1709 

William  John  Harry    . 

1602 

William  Bayly      . 

.     1654 

John  Rice    .... 

1710 

Jenkin  Franklin  .         .          .  \ 

If\r\i 

Lewis  Jones,  Mayor 

.      i655 

Joseph  Ayres,  Gent.     . 

1711 

William  John  Harry,  Deputy  \ 

UUO 

John  Daniel,  Mayor    . 

.      1656 

Jenkin  Jones,  Gent. 

1712 

John  Thomas  Bevan     . 

1604 

William  Bayly,  Mayor 

.     1657 

Gabriel  Powell,  Gent. 

1713 

John  David  Edwards   . 

1605 

Thomas  Williams,  Mayor 

.     1658 

Walter  Hughes,  Gent. 

1714 

William  Watkins 

1606 

William  Jones 

.      i6S9 

Ditto         .... 

1715 

John  Daniel                   .         .  I 

/•   _ 

Ley  son  Seys 

.     1660 

Abraham  Ayres.  Gent. 

1716 

j 
John  David  Edwards,  Deputy  } 

1007 

Ditto 

.     1661 

Anthony  Cupitt,  Gent. 

1717 

George  Herbert,  Esq.  . 

1608 

Isaac  Affter 

.     1662 

Richard  Parry,  Gent.    . 

1718 

John  Robartes 

1609 

Ditto 

•     1663 

Griffith  Phillips,  Gent. 

1719 

William  John  Harry 

1610 

William  Vaughan 

1664 

John  Mansell,  Gent.     . 

1720 

John  David  .... 

1611 

William  Bayly     . 

.     1665 

Walter  Hughes,  jun.,  Gent. 

1721 

John  David 

1612 

Lewis  Jones 

.     1666 

Walter  Hughes,  Gent. 

1722 

Henry  Fleminge  . 

1613 

Isaac  Affter 

.     1667 

Robert  Rogers,  Gent.  . 

1723 

John  Daniel 

1614 

Robert  Jones 

.     1668 

David  Thomas,  Gent.  . 

1724 

Walter  Thomas    . 

1615 

Gamaliel  Hughes 

.     1669 

William  Phillips,  Gent. 

1725 

William  John  Harry     . 

1616 

William  Thomas 

.     1670 

Gabriel  Powell,  Gent. 

1726 

John  David 

1617 

David  Bevan 

.     1671 

Walter  Hughes,  Gent. 

1727 

Owen  Price 

1618 

Lewis  Jones 

.     1672 

Robert  Hughes,  Gent. 

1728 

Mathew  Franklin 

1619 

Isaac  Affter 

•     1673 

Abraham  Ayres,  died  , 

/ 

John  Daniel 

1620 

William  Herbert,  Esq. 

•     1674 

Walter  Vaughan,  Gent. 

\  1729 

Harry  Vaughan    . 

1621 

Robert  Jones 

•     '675 

Walter  Vaughan,  Gent. 

«73° 

John  William  John 

1622 

Gamaliel  Hughes 

.     1676 

John  Mansell,  Gent.     . 

'73' 

Owen  Price 

1623 

William  Thomas 

-     1677 

William  Watkins,  Gent. 

1732 

Henry  Fleminge  . 

1624 

Thomas  Phillips  . 

.     1678 

John  Powell,  Esq. 

'733 

Walter  Thomas    . 

1625 

Ditto 

.     1679 

Walter  Hughes,  Gent. 

J734 

Rice  David  .... 

1626 

Ditto        .         .         '. 

.     1680 

Walter  Vaughan,  Gent. 

'735 

Patrick  Jones 
Mathew  Franklin 

1627 
1628 

Ditto 
Ditto 

.     1681 
.     1682 

John  France,  Gent. 
John  Morgan,  Gent.     . 

1736 
'737 

John  Bennett 

1620 

Ditto        .         . 

.     1683 

Walter  Vaughan,  Gent. 

1738 

John  ^^illiams 

lu*.y 
1630 

Ditto 

.     1684 

Hugh  Powell,  Gen.,     . 

'739 

Rice  David 

1611 

Ditto 

•     1685 

Gabriel  Powell,  Gent.  . 

1740 

Francis  Affter 

1  ^*^* 
1672 

Ditto 

.     1686 

John  Mansell,  Gent. 

1741 

David  Jones 
Patrick  Jones 
Mathew  Franklin 

luo-i 

1633 
1634 

1635 

Ditto 
Gamaliel  Hughes 
Owen  Rogers 
Ditto 

.     1687 
.     1689 
.     1690 
.     1691 

John  Collins,  Gent. 
John  Powell,  Gent. 
John  France,  Gent. 
Richard  Powell,  Gent. 

1742 
'743 
'744 
I74.C 

John  Williams 

1636 

Jenkin  Jones 

.     1692 

John  Powell,  Gent. 

/  ^j 
1746 

Patrick  Jones 

1637 

William  Seys 

•     1693 

John  Whitney,  Gent.    . 

'747 

Mathew  Franklin 

1638 

Edward  Mansell,  Esq. 

•     1694 

Edward  Phillips,  Gent. 

,'748 

Lewis  Jones 

1639 

Ditto 

•     '695 

John  Morgan,  Gent. 

'749 

John  Williams      . 

1640 

John  Franklin 

.     1696 

Hugh  Powell,  Gent.     . 

'75° 

Patrick  Jones 

1641 

William  Seys,  Esq.       . 

•     1697 

Walter  Vaughan,  Gent. 

'75' 

Mathew  Franklin 

1642 

George  Rice 

.     1698 

John  Collins,  Gent. 

1752 

Lewis  Jones 

1643 

Owen  Rogers 

•     1699 

John  Jenkins,  Gent. 

'753 

John  Williams      . 

1644 

John  Reece 

1700 

Hopkin  Walter,  Gent. 

'754 

Patrick  Jones 

1645 

David  Jones 

.     1701 

Christopher  Rogers,  Gent.    . 

'755 

John  Daniel 

1646 

Jenkin  Jones 

.     1702 

John  France,  Gent. 

1756 

John  Bowen 

1647 

Lewis  Thomas 

•     1703 

James  Thomas,  Gent.  . 

'757 

William  Bayly     . 

1648 

Walter  Hughes     . 

•     1704 

Walter  Vaughan,  Gent. 

1758 

Mathew  Franklin 

1649 

Gabriel  Powell 

•     "70S 

John  Collins,  Gent. 

'759 

Lewis  Jones 

1650 

Christopher  Rogers 

.     1706 

John  Jenkins,  Gent. 

1760 

Mathew  Davies   . 

1651 

Griffith  Phillips    . 

•     1707 

Hopkin  Walter,  Gent. 

1761 

PORTREEVES  AND  MAYORS  OF  SWANSEA. 


617 


A.D. 

A.D. 

A.D- 

Phillip  Rogers,  Gent.   . 

1761 

Thomas  Maddocks,  Gent.     . 

1785 

John  Morris,  Esq. 

iSn 

Christopher  Rogers,  Gent.    . 

) 

Gabriel  Jeffreys,  Gent. 

1786 

Charles  Collins,  Esq.     . 

1812 

John  Gwyther,  Gent.    . 

(1762 

Ditto        . 

1787 

William  Jeffreys,  Esq.  . 

1813 

James  Thomas,  Gent.  . 

1 

John  Roberts,  Gent.     . 

1788 

John  Jeffreys,  Esq. 

1814 

James  Thomas,  Gent.  . 

1763 

Griffith  Jenkin,  Gent.  . 

1789 

John  Grove,  Esq. 

1815 

Uavid  Vaughan,  Gent. 

1764    William  Grove,  Gent.  . 

1790 

Rob.   Nelson  Thomas,   Esq. 

1816 

Robert  Ball,  Gent. 

1765 

Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.  . 

1791 

Thomas  Edw.  Thomas,  Esq. 

1817 

William  Davies,  Gent. 

1766    William  Jeffreys,  Gent- 

1792 

William  Grove,  Esq.    . 

1818 

Thomas  Maddocks,  Gent.     . 

•  1  767  |  Rowland  Pritchard,  Esq. 

'793 

Griffith  Jenkin,  Esq.     . 

1819 

Williams  Powell,  Gent. 

1768    William  Jones,  Esq.     . 

'794   John  Jones,  Esq.. 

1820 

William  Jeffreys,  Gent. 

1769    Gabriel  Powell,  Gent.  . 

1795   Jolln  Charles  Collins,  M  D. 

1821 

lltid  Thomas,  Gent.      . 

1770   Gabriel  Jeffreys,  Gent. 

1796    William  Grove,  Esq.    . 

1822 

Phillip  Rogers,  Gent.  . 

1771 

Thomas  Powell,  clerk  . 

1797 

Calvert  Rich.  Jones,  Esq. 

1823 

James  Thomas,  Gent.   . 

1772 

Thomas  Maddocks,  Esq. 

1798    Richard  Jeffreys,  Esq.  . 

1824 

William  Davies,  Gent. 

'773 

Griffith  Jenkin,  Esq.    . 

1799  '  Lewis  Thomas,  Esq. 

1825 

Thomas  Maddocks,  Gent.     . 

1774 

William  Grove,  Esq.    . 

1800   Gabriel  Powell,  Esq.    . 

1826 

Gabriel  Jeffreys,  Gent. 

1775    Thomas  Morgan,  Esq. 

1801    Sir  John  Morris,  Bart.  . 

1827 

Gabriel  Powell,  jun.  ,  Gent.  . 

1776    Charles  Collins,  Esq.    . 

1802   John  Grove,  Esq. 

1828 

William  Jeffreys,  Gent. 

'777 

John  Jeffreys,  Esq. 

1803    Thomas  Thomas,  Esq. 

1829 

Thomas  Powell,  clerk  . 

1778    William  Jeffreys,  Esq.  . 

1804    Charles  Collins,  Esq.    . 

1830 

lltid  Thomas,  Gent. 

1779    Rowland  Pritchard,  Esq. 

1805  j  Thomas  Grove,  Esq.     . 

1831 

William  Powell,  Gent. 

1780    William  Jones,  Esq.     . 

1806 

Thomas  Edw.  Thomas,  Esq. 

1832 

Philip  Rogers,  Gent.    . 

1781 

Gabriel  Jeffreys,  Esq.    . 

1807    Silvanus  Padley,  Esq.  . 

1833 

Prichard  Rowland,  Esq. 

1782    Griffith  Jenkin,  Esq.     . 

1808    Calvert  Rich.  Jones,  Esq.     . 

1834 

Ditto         .... 

1783    Sir  John  Morris,  Bart. 

1809 

Ditto,  re-elected  till  Nov. 

'835 

Thomas  Maddocks,  Gent.     . 

1784    William  Grove,  Esq.    . 

1810 

(MAYORS  hereafter  take  the  place 

of  Portreeves.) 

Nathaniel  Cameron,  Esq. 

1835 

Michael  J.  Michael,  Esq. 

1848   J.  Trevillian  Jenkin,  Esq. 

i86t 

Ditto        .... 

1836 

Christopher  James,  Esq. 

1849    Evan  M.  Richards,  Esq. 

1862 

Richard  Mansel  P.,  Esq. 

1837 

Owen  Gething  W.,  Esq. 

1850 

Charles  Bath,  Esq. 

1863 

John  Grove,  Esq. 

1838 

Thomas  Edward  T.,  Esq. 

1851 

J.  Clarke  Richardson,  Esq.  . 

1864 

Lewis  Weston  Dillwyn,  Esq. 

1839 

John  J.  Strick,  Esq.     . 

1852 

George  B.  Strick,  Esq. 

1865 

Mathew  Moggridge,  Esq. 

1840 

George  Grant  Francis,   Esq. 

'853 

Thomas  Phillips,  Esq.  . 

1866 

Richard  Aubrey,  Esq. 

1841 

J.  Trevillian  Jenkin,  Esq. 

1854 

George  B.  Brock,  Esq. 

1867 

Geo.  Gwynne  Bird,  Esq. 

1842 

Evan  M.  Richards,  Esq. 

1855 

Charles  T.  Wilson,  Esq. 

1868 

Starling  Benson,  Esq.  . 

1843 

John  Oakshot,  Esq. 

1856 

John  Jones  Jenkins,  Esq. 

1869 

John  Richardson,  Esq. 

1844 

William  H.  Michael,  Esq.    . 

«8S7 

Washington  Brown,  Esq. 

1870 

Charles  H.  Smith,  Esq. 

1845 

J.  Trevillian  Jenkin,  Esq.     . 

1858 

John  Glasbrook,  Esq.   .          1871-72 

Timothy  B.  Essery,  Esq. 

1846 

Thomas  Ed.  Thomas,  Esq.  . 

1859 

L.  Llewelyn  Dillwyn,  Esq.  . 

1847  '  John  Crow  Richardson,  Esq. 

1860 

6iS 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Note  on  Cromwell's  Charter,  1655. 

Under  the  years  1655-8  in  the  above  list  it  is  noticeable  that  the  title  "Portreeve"  was  changed 
into  "  Mayor."  This  was  in  virtue  of  the  charter  granted  by  Cromwell  in  1655,  which  in  its  preamble  says : — 
*  *  Whereas  our  town  of  Swanzey,  in  our  co.  of  Glamorgan,  within  our  dominion  of  Wales,  is  an  ancient  port  town, 
and  populous,  situate  on  the  sea-coast  towards  France,  convenient  for  shipping  and  resisting  foreign  invasions, 
and  time  out  of  mind  hath  been  a  town  corporate,''  &c.,  &c.  It  then  ordains  that  "the  town  shall  be  for  ever 
hereafter  adjudged  a  free  town  and  borough,  and  that  "  the  people  therein  dwelling,  and  hitherto  called  and 
known  by  the  name  of  Portreeve,  Aldermen,  and  Burgesses,  &c.,  shall  from  henceforth  and  for  ever  be, 
continue,  and  remain  one  Body  Politique  and  corporate  in  deed  and  in  name,  by  the  name  of  Mayor, 
Aldermen,  and  Burgesses  of  the  *  town  of  Swanzey.'  "  The  Protector  then  nominates  "  our  well-beloved  Leivis 
yones,  now  Portreeve,  to  be  the  first  and  present  Mayor;"  "our  right  trusty  and  well-beloved  Councillor, 
Philip  Jones,  to  be  first  and  present  High  Ste^t>ard ;  our  well-beloved  Rowland  Dawkins,  Lewis  Jones,  John 
Bowen,  Henry  Fleming,  John  Bennett,  John  Daniel,  William  Bayley,  Mathew  David,  Thomas  Williams, 
William  Vaughan,  William  Jones,  and  Robert  Jones,  to  be  the  first  and  present  twelve  Aldermen;"  "our 
beloved  John  Price,  Esq.,  Evan  Evan  Lewis,  John  Matthew,  David  Griffiths,  Jenkin  Phillip,  Thomas  Phillip, 
David  Bayley,  John  Williams,  John  Daniel,  John  Simond,  John  Richard,  and  Thomas  Dollin,  to  be  first  and 
present  twelve  Capital  £u>-gesses ;"  and  "our  well-beloved  John  Gibks,  Esquire,  to  be  first  and  present 
Recorder. " 


Common  Seal  of 


,  Temp,  totng  3oh,n. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


BUTE,    John   Patrick    Crichton-Stuart,   3rd 
Marquess  of,  Cardiff  Castle. 

Cr.  Marquess  of  Bute  and  Earl  of  Windsor 
(Gt.  Brit.)  1796;  Earl  of  Dumfries  (Scot.) 
1633;  Lord  Crichton  (Scot.)  1488;  Vis- 
count Kingarth  and  Earl  of  Bute  (Scot.) 
1703;  Lord  Mount-Stuart  (Scot.)  1761; 
Baron  Cardiff  of  Cardiff  Castle  (Gt.  Brit.) 
1776;  a  baronet  1627.  Knight  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre,  and  Grd.  Cross  of  the 
Roman  Order  of  St.  Gregory ;  hereditary 
keeper  of  Rothesay  Castle,  which  belongs 
to  the  Crown;  hereditary  Sheriff  of  Bute- 
shire ;  only  son  of  John,  2nd  Marquess 
(d.  March  18,  1848),  and  his  second  wife, 
Sophia  Frederica  Christina,  dau.  of  ist 
Marquess  of  Hastings ;  b.  at  Mountstuart, 
Isle  of  Bute,  i2th  Sept.,  1847;  ed.  at 
Harrow  and  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxon. ;  s.  on  the 
demise  of  the  2nd  Marquess,  i8th  March, 
1848;  m.,  April  16,  1872,  to  the  Hon. 
Gwendaline  Mary  Anne  (b.  1854),  eldest 
dau.  of  Edward  George  Fitzalan,  ist  Baron 
Howard  of  Glossop,  Derbyshire,  by 
Augusta,  only  dau.'  and  h.  of  the  Hon. 
George  Henry  Talbot,  and  niece  of  the 
1 7th  Earl  of  Shrewsbury. 

Lord  Howard,  cr.  Baron  Howard  of  Glossop 
1869,  is  2nd  son  of  Henry  Charles,  131)1  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  Premier  Duke  and  Hereditary  Earl 
Marshal  of  England,  by  Lady  Charlotte  Sophia 
Leveson-Gower,  eldest  dau.  of  George,  ist  Duke  of 
Sutherland.  The  Howards  are  held  to  be  of  Saxon 
rather  than  of  Norman  origin  ;  but  first  came  into 
prominent  notice  temp.  Edward  I.,  when  William 
Howard  (see  Dugdale)  was  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  and  held  large  possessions  in  the 
co.  of  Norfolk. 

Heir  presumptive:  Lieut. -Col.  Crichton- Stuart, 
M.P.  for  Cardiff,  his  Ist  cousin. 

Residences :  Cardiff  Castle,  Glamorgan ; 
Mountstuart,  N.  B.  ;  Dumfries  House,  N.B. 

Town  Address :  Carlton  Club. 

Arms:  Quarterly,  quartered:  ist  and  4th 
grand  quarters ;  I  st  and  4th,  or,  a  fesse,  cheeky 
arg.  and  az.,  within  a  double  tressure  flory 
counter-flory  gu. — STUART  ;  2nd  and  3rd, 
arg.,  a  lion  rampant  az. — CRICHTON  :  2nd 
grand  quarter,  the  arms  of  Windsor :  3rd  grand 
quarter,  per  pale  az.  and  gu.,  three  lions  rampant 
arg. — HERBERT,  Earl  of  Pembroke. 

Crests :  1  st,  a  demi-lion  rampant  gu. ,  over  it 
the  motto,  Nobilis  est  ira  leonis — Stuart ;  2nd,  a 


dragon  vert,  flames  issuing  from  the  mouth — 
Crickton ;  3rd,  a  wyvem  vert,  holding  in  the 
mouth  a  sinister  hand  couped  at  the  wrist  — 
Herbert. 

Supporters :  Dexter,  a  horse  arg.  bridled  gu.  ; 
sinister,  a  stag  ppr.  attired  or. 

Motto  :  Avito  viret  honore. 

LINEAGE. 

This  noble  family,  in  the  male  line,  derives  its 
descent  from  John,  Sheriff  of  Bute  1400,  nat.  son  of 
Robert  II.  of  Scotland.  Its  entrance  into  Wales 
is  of  recent  date,  through  marriage  into  the  line  of 
Herberts,  Lords  of  Glamorgan.  For  a  history  of 
the  Lords  and  lordship  of  Glamorgan,  see,  ant.; 
Robert  FitzAatnon,  Earl  of  Gloucester;  The  De 
Clares;  The  Despencers ;  The  Beauchamps  ;  The 
Nmilles,  &c.  For  the  Herberts,  see  Earl  of 
Pembroke  and  Powis,  Herbert  of  Llanarth,  &c. 

Lady  Charlotte  Herbert,  dau.  and  heiress  of 
Philip,  yth  Earl  of  Pembroke,  married  Thomas, 
Viscount  Windsor  (Irel.),  brother  to  the  Ist  Earl 
of  Plymouth.  Charlotte,  dau.  and  heiress  of  the 
2nd  and  last  Visct.  Windsor,  and  as  such  heiress 
of  Cardiff  Castle  and  estates,  married,  Nov.  12, 
1766,  John,  4th  Earl  of  Bute,  afterwards  Ist 
Marquess  of  Bute. 

William  Herbert,  son  of  Sir  Richard  Herbert, 
Kt.,  of  Ewyas,  by  Margaret,  dau  and  heiress  of 
Sir  Matthew  Cradock,  Kt.,  of  Swansea  (see 
Cradock  of  Swansea),  m.  Anne,  dau.  of  Thomas, 
Lord  Parr,  sister  of  Catherine  Parr,  Henry  VIII. 's 
last  wife,  and  was  created  by  that  king,  1551, 
Baron  Herbert  of  Cardiff,  and  Earl  of  2'enibroke. 
He  obtained  from  the  same  king,  and  from  Edward 
VI.,  the  lordship  of  Glamorgan.  Sixth  in  descent 
after  William  was  Philip,  7th  Earl,  above  named. 

The  issue  of  the  marriage  of  his  granddau. 
Charlotte  with  John,  1st  Earl  of  Bute,  was — 

1.  JOHN,  the  heir,  b.  1767,  but  d.  1794,  during 
the  lifetime  of  his  father;   m.,    1792,   Elizabeth, 
dau.  and  h.  of  Patrick  Crichton,  Earl  of  Dumfries, 
and  left  by  her — 

(1)  JOHN,  who  became  2nd  Marquess  of  Bute. 

(2)  Patrick  James  Herbert,  whose  son,    Col. 
James    Frederick    Dudley   Crichton.   is   present 
M.P.  for  Cardiff,  and  heir  presumptive  to  the  title. 

2.  Herbert  Windsor,  b.  1770,  d.  1825. 

3.  Evelyn  James,   b.   1773,  M.P.  for  Cardiff  in 
several    parlts.    (d.    1842),    usually   called    "  Lord 
James  Stuart." 

4.  Charles,  setved  in  the  navy  ;  lost  at  sea  1756. 

5.  Henry,    b.    1777,   m    Gertnide  Amelia,  dau. 
and  h.  of  George  Villiers,  Earl  G rand ison,  and  had 
issue  ;  d.  1809. 

6.  William,  b.  1778,  Capt    R.N.  ;  m.,  and  had 
issue  a  dau.,  who  d.  unm. 

7.  George,   b.  1780;  entered  the  navy,  became 
Rear-Admiral  and  C. B.  ;  m.,  and  had  issue. 

8.  Maria  Alicia  Charles,  m.  to  Charles  Pinfold 
Esq.  ;  d.  1841. 

9.  Charlotte,  m.  to  Sir  W.  J.  Hchian,  Eart. 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


By  a  second  marriage  1800  (with  Frances,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Coutts,  Esq.,  Lord  Bute  had  additional 
issue : — 

1.  Dudley  Coutts,  who  m.  Christ.   Alexandrine 
Kgypta,    dau.    of    Prince    Lucien    Bonaparte,   of 
Canino. 

2.  Frances,  m.  to  Dudley,  Viscount  Sandon. 
JOHN,  ZND  MARQUESS  OF  BUTE,  K.T.,  F.R.S., 

&c.,  s.,  1803,  to  the  Earldom  of  Dumfries,  and  in 
1814,  on  the  death  of  his  grandfather,  to  the 
Marquisate  of  Bute;  m.  1st,  1818,  Lady  Maria 
North,  dau.  of  George,  3rd  Earl  of  Guilford  (she 
d.  1841,  s.p.};  2nd,  April  loth,  1845,  Lady 
Sophia  Christina  Hastings,  as  above,  and  had 
issue  an  only  child, — 

JOHN  PATRICK  CRICHTON-STUART,  the  present 
Marqutsi,  as  above. 

Note.  — "For  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  Cardiff  Castle, 
see  pp.  461,  539,  &c.  ;  and  for  Caerphilly  Castle,  see 
p.  533,  ft  passim.  It  is  believed  that  the  ancient 
"keep"  of  Cardiff  Castle  is  a  remain  of  the  first 
erection  by  Fitzhamon.  Great  part  of  the  present 
residential  castle  was  built  by  Beauchamp,  Earl  of 
Warwick,  temp.  Henry  VI.  (see  Tlie  Beauchamps] ; 
but  it  has  been  added  to  at  different  periods,  and 
largely  remodelled  and  renovated  by  the  late  Marquis 
of  Bute.  It  has  recently  received  and  is  in  process  of 
receiving  extensive  additions  from  the  present  noble 
owner— notably  a  campanile  of  great  height  and 
beauty,  and  its  precincts  are  made  more  roomy  and 
convenient. 

The  great  docks  of  Cardiff,  called  the  "Bute 
Docks,"  were  commenced  by  the  enterprise  of  the 
late  Marquess,  carried  on  by  his  trustees,  and  are  still 
in  course  of  augmentation  under  direction  of  the 
present  Marquess,  to  whom  they  entirely  belong. 

BASSET,  Richard,  Esq.,  of  Bonvilston  House, 
Glamorgan. 

J.  P.  and  U.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
Major  ist  Glam.  R.  V. ;  son  of  the  late 
T.  M.  Basset,  Esq.  (d.  1840),  of  Bonvilston 
House;  b.  1820;  m.,  1843,  Ann  Maria, 
dau.  of  John  Homfray,  Esq.,  of  Penlline 
Castle,  co.  of  Glam.,  and  has  issue. 

Heir:  John  Richard,  b.  1839. 
Residence :  Bonvilston  House,  near  Cowbridge. 
Arms :  Arg.,  a  chevron,  between  three  bugle- 
horns  stringed  sa. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  a  branch  of  the  Basset  house  of 
Beaupre,  originating  in  Thomas  Bassetl,  youngest 
son  of  Jenkin,  and  brother  of  William  Basset 
(Sheriff  for  Glamorgan  A.D.  1557)  above  named. 
Thomas  Bassett  m.  the  heiress  of  Llantrithyd,  and 
the  family  for  two  or  three  generations  resided  there. 
The  present  Richard  Basset,  Esq. ,  of  Bonvilston 
House,  is  I  Ith  in  descent  from  Thomas  Bassett  above 
named. 

BASSET,  William  West  James,  Esq.,  of  Beau- 
pre, Glamorganshire. 

A  Major  in  the  army;  was  Capt.  74th 
Highlanders  ;  son  of  the  late  Col.  William 


Bruce,  K.H.,  of  the  7gth  Highlanders,  by 
Isabella,  3rd  dau.  of  Col.  Thomas  Basset, 
by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Alexander  Cruik- 
shanks,  Esq.,  of  Aberdeen;  b.  1830;  m., 
1862,  Eliza,  dau.  of  Richard  Weekes,  Esq., 
Barrister-at-law,  and  has  issue;  succ.  to  the 
Beaupre'  estate,  entailed  upon  him,  on  the 
death,  1865,  of  his  aunt,  Mrs.  Basset, 
widow  of  Capt.  Richard  Basset,  of  Beaupre, 
his  mother's  brother,  and  thereupon  assumed 
the  surname  Basset  instead  of  Bruce. 

Heir:  William  Richard,  b.  1863. 

Residence:  Beaupre,  near  Cowbridge. 

Arms  :  The  Basset  arms  are  —Arg.,  a  chevron 
between  three  bugle-horns  stringed  sa. 

Crest :  A  stag's  head  cabossed. 

Motto:  Gwell  angau  na  chywilydd,  "Better 
death  than  shame." 

LINEAGE. 

The  Bassets  have  been  in  Glamorganshire  in  all 
probability  since  the  time  of  the  conquest  of  the 
lordship  by  the  Normans,  when  Sir  John  Basset 
was  vice-comes  to  Fitzhamon,  and  received,  as  is 
believed,  the  mesne  lordship  of  Maes-Essyllt,  or 
St.  Hilary,  which  then  or  soon  after  received  the 
N. -French  name  of  Beau-pre,  "fair  meadow." 
The  name  Basset  is  found  in  the  various  rolls  of 
Battle  Abbey  as  that  of  one  of  the  Conqueror's 
knights  at  the  battle  of  Hastings ;  and  although 
the  Beaupre  Basset  cannot  be  distinctly  traced 
to  this  man,  he  was  at  no  great  distance  from  him, 
and  from  the  post  of  honour  he  filled  under  Fitz- 
hamon may  reasonably  be  conjectured  to  be  of 
his  family.  (See  Beaupre  Castle. ) 

The  first  Bassets  of  Beaupre  of  whom  we  have  his- 
toric certainty  (probably  son  and  grandson  of  the 
vice-comes  just  mentioned)  were  Ralph  and  his  son, 
Richardde  Basset,  temp.  Henry  II.,  both  successively 
Lords  Justiciaries  of  England.  Of  the  former  of  these, 
Ordericus  Vitalis  rather  severely  remarks  that  he 
was  one  of  those  "persons  of  low  origin"  whom 
for  their  obsequious  services  the  king  raised  to 
the  rank  of  nobles,  taking  them  so  to  speak  from 
the  dust,  exalting  them  above  earls  and  distinguished 
lords  of  castles,"  &c.  (Lib.  XL,  cap.  ii.).  At  the 
same  time,  if  his  father  or  near  relative  was  vice- 
comes  under  Fitzhamon,  this  account  is  scarcely 
faithful. 

William  Basset,  Esq.,  of  Beaupre,  about  ninth 
in  lineal  descent  from  Sir  Ralph,  was  Sheriff  of 
Glamorgan  A.D.  1557  (see  Sheriffs'].  His  grand- 
son Richard  filled  the  same  office  1590  and  1608; 
and  Richard's  grandson  William  in  1621.  Wil- 
liam's eldest  son, — 

Sir  Richard  Basset,  Kt.,  of  Beaupre,  Sheriff  of 
Glam.  1641,  m,  1st,  Mary,  dau.  of  Edmund 
Thomas  of  Wenvoe,  by  whom  he  had  a  son,  Wil- 
liam, who  m.  and  d.  s.  p.  ;  2ndly,  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  Edward  Van,  Esq.,  of  Marcross,  and  had  a 
son,- — 

Sir  Richard  Basset,  Knt.,  of  Beaupre,  who,  by 
his  wife  Priscilla,  dau.  of  Philip  Jones,  Esq.,  of 
Fonmon  (see  Jones  of  Fonmoti),  had  with  other 
issue  two  sons,  Philip  and  Richard,  and  three  daus., 
who  were  all  married.  The  line  of  Basset  of  Beau- 
pre is  continued  through  the  grandson  of  Richard 
Thomas  Basset,  Esq.,  an  officer  in  the  army,  who 
m.,  1790,  Mary,  dau.  of  Alexander  Cruikshanks, 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


621 


Esq.,  of  Aberdeen,  and  had,  with  other  issue,  a 
son,  Richard  Basset,  Esq.,  late  of  Beaupre,  and  a 
dau.,  Isabella,  m.  to  Major  William  Bruce,  K.  H., 
whose  son  William,  on  inheriting  after  the  demise 
of  his  uncle  Richard,  who  d.  1842,  and  of  his 
aunt,  Richard's  widow,  who  d.  1856,  assumed  the 
name  Basset,  and  is  the  present — 

WILLIAM  WEST  JAMES  BASSET,    of   Beaupre, 
as  above. 


BATH,  Charles,  Esq.,  Efynone  House,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  Capt.  4th 
Glam.  Rifle  Volunteers ;  Mayor  of  Swan- 
sea 1864  ;  Knight  of  the  Sardinian  Order 
of  SS.  Maurice  and  Lazarus  ;  member  of 
Swansea  School  Board,  &c. ;  younger  son 
of  the  late  Henry  Bath,  Esq.,  of  Swansea ; 
(see  also  Bath  of  Alltyferin,  co.  Carm.,) 
b.  at  Swansea,  January  15,  1832  ;  ed.  at 
private  schools,  Swansea  and  Falmouth  ; 
m.,  August  12,  1856,  Emily  Elizabeth, 
youngest  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  John 
Lucas  Popkin,  Esq. 

The  Popkins  were  an  ancient  Glamorganshire 
family  of  Ynystawe  and  Forest,  on  which  patri- 
monies they  continued  for  many  generations  (see 
Popkin  of  Ynystawe,  &c. ).  In  junior  branches  they 
were  also  of  Danygraig  and  Llysnewydd,  but 
all  gradually  became  extinct.  (See  "J.  H.'s" 
MS.,  pp.  40—43 ;  and  D.  Jenkin's  MS.,  apud  Col. 
Francis,  pp.  149—152.)  John  Popkin,  about  the 
end  of  the  i8th  cent.,  m.  Sophia  Laugharn,  gr. 
granddau.  of  Arthur  Laugharn,  Esq.,  who  was 
descended  paternally  from  the  Laugharns  of  St. 
Bride's,  Pembr.,  and  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  David 
Owen,  Esq.,  of  Henllys,  Pembr.  (see  Laugharn  oj 
St.  Bride's,  and  Owen  of  Henllys}.  Arthur  Laug- 
harn bore  on  his  shield  the  arms  of  Laugharn  (gu. , 
3  wolves'  heads  erased  or,  in  a  bordure),  impaling 
those  of  Owen  of  Henllys  (a  boar  arg.  chained  to 
a  holly  tree  proper).  See  ancient  pedigree  of  Laug- 
harns,  &c.,  in  the  possession  of  Charles  Bath,  Esq. 
John,  son  of  John  Popkin  and  Sophia  Laugharn, 
m.  Barbara  Ann  Lucas ;  and  his  son,  John  Lucas 
Laugharn,  by  his  wife,  Livia  Wozencraft,  had 
three  daus.,  Mary  Ann  (m.  Rev.  Lewis  Morgan), 
Sophia  (m.  J.  C.  Richardson,  Esq.),  and  EMILY 
ELIZABETH,  as  above. 

Residence:  Ffynone  House,  Swansea. 

Arms :  Gu.,  a  chevron  paly  of  six  arg.  and  or, 
between  three  plates,  on  a  chief  or  three  wolves' 
heads  erased  sa. 

Crest:  A  wolfs  head  erased,  gorged  with  a 
collar  vair,  holding  in  the  mouth  a  rose  slipped 
proper. 

Motto :  Habere  et  dispertire. 


BEAUEORT,  Duke  of,  Henry  Charles  Eitzroy 
Somerset. 

(See  Beaufort,  Duke  of,  Troy  House,  co.  of 
Monmouth.) 


BETAN,  Robert  Cooper  Lee,  Esq.,  of  Eosbury, 
Berks,  and  Trent  Park,  Enfield. 

Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Middlesex;  a 
banker,  city  of  London  ;  eldest  son  of  the 
late  David  Bevan,  Esq.,  of  Fosbury, Wilts, and 
Belmont,  Herts,  who  d.  1846  (see  Lineage); 
b.  Feb.  8,  1809,  at  Walthamstow,  Essex  ; 
ed.  at  Harrow  and  Trinity  Coll.,  Oxon. ; 
m.,  ist,  Feb.  28,  1836,  Lady  Agneta  Eliza- 
beth Yorke,  only  dau.  of  Admiral  Sir  Joseph 
Sydney  York,  K.C.B.,  and  sister  of  Charles 
Philip,  4th  Earl  of  Hardwicke ;  she  had 
precedence  as  an  earl's  daughter  granted 
her  by  royal  warrant,  dated  loth  Feb., 
1836  (b.  gth  Dec.,  1811;  d.  July  8,  1851); 
and  was  buried  at  Trent  Park,  Enfield ; 
2ndly,  Emma  Frances  Shuttleworth,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Chichester; 
s.  1846  ;  has  issue  7  sons  and  6  daughters 
by  both  wives. 

Heir:  Sydney  Bevan,  b.  6th  Oct.,  1838,  in 
York  Terrace,  Regent's  Park  ;  baptized  2ist 
April  following,  at  Trent  Church,  Enfiejd. 

Residences  :  Fosbury,  Hungerford,  Berkshire  ; 
Trent  Park,  Enfield,  Mid. 

Town  Mouse :  25,  Princes  Gate,  Kensington, 
S.W. 

Arms :  Quarterly  :  Ist  and  4th,  ermine,  a  bull 
passant  gu.  between  three  annulets  of  the  same, 
two  in  chief,  one  in  base— BEVAN  ;  2nd  and  3rd, 
az.,  three  bars  engrailed  or,  over  all  a  bend 
lozengy  arg.  and  gu. — LEE. 

Crest:  A  wyvern  or,  semee of  annulets,  holding 
in  its  claws  two  annulets  gu. 

Mottoes :  Non  sine  industria  ;  Deus  presidium. 

LINEAGE. 

This  ancient  family  derives  its  descent,  from 
lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  the  last  Prince  of  Glamorgan, 
son  of  Gwrgant  ap  Ithel,  Prince  of  Glamorgan, 
who  lived  in  Cardiff  Castle  circa  A.  D.  1030,  and 
Gwladus.  daughter  of  Ednowen  Bendew,  Lord  of 
Tegeingl  (part  of  the  present  Flintshire),  founder 
of  one  of  the  fifteen  tribes  of  North  Wales,  nth 
century.  (See  Ednowain  Bendew,  p.  438. ) 

PATERNAL    DESCENT. 

lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  Prince  of  Glamorgan,  in. 
Denis,  dau.  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Prince  of  Powys ; 
2ndly,  Angharad,  dau.  of  Elystan  Glodrudd,  Prince 
of  Ferlex,  by  whom  he  had — 

Caradog  ap  lestyn,  Lord  of  Avan,  who  m. 
Gwladus,  dau.  of  GrufTydd  ap  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr, 
Prince  of  South  Wales.  His  son, — 

Morgan  ap  Caradog,  Lord  of  Avan,  m.  Gwen- 
llian,  dau.  of  Ifor  Bach,  Lord  of  Caerphili  (see 
Ivor  Bach),  and  had  issue  Morgan  Gam  ap  Morgan 
ap  Caradog,  Lord  of  Avan,  whose  son, — 

Morgan  Fychan  ap  Morgan,  Lord  of  Blaenbag- 
lan  (near  Aberavon,  Glam.),  m.  Elen,  dau.  of  Howell 
Fychan,  Lord  of  Cilfai,  and  had  a  son, — 

Rhys  ap  Morgan  Fychan,  of  Blaenbaglan,  who 
in.  the  dau.  of  Griffith  ap  Ivor,  and  had  issue — 

Leysonap  Rhysof  Blaenbaglan.     He  /«.  Gwladus 


622 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


dau.  of  Howellap Griffith Fychan  ap  Griffith-Gwyr, 
Lord  of  Gower  The  issue  of  this  marriage  was 
the  well-known — 

Evan  ap  Leyson  of  Blaenbaglan,  who  m.  Jennet, 
dau.  of  Gwilym  ap  Howel  Fychan  ap  Howel  Melyn. 
Hopkin  ap  Evan  ap  Leyson  of  Blaenbaglan,  m. 
Gwladus,  dau.  of  Jenkin  ap  Rhys  Fychan.  Their 
son,  William  ap  Hopkin  of  Blaenbaglan,  m.  Lucy, 
dau.  of  Hopkin  Lewellyn  Lloyd  of  Llangynwyd. 
Their  son, — 

Hopkin  ap  William  of  Blaenbaglan,  m.  Gwyrfil, 
dau.  of  Jenkin  Rhys  ap  Jenkin  of  Glyn-nedd  (Vale 
of  Neath),  and  left  a  son. — 

David  ap  Hopkin  of  Blaenbaglan,  after  of  Cwrt- 
y-Bettws,  who  m.  Elen,  dau.  of  Henry  Fychan. 
Their  son, — 

Jenkin  ap  David  of  Cwrt-y-Bettws.  or  Bettws 
Court,  in  the  hamlet  of  Penisa'r-coed  ("lower 
woodland "),  in  the  parish  of  Cadoxton,  near 
Neath,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Jenkin  ap  Rhys,  and 
left  a  son, — 

Thomas  ap  Jenkin,  who  by  his  wife,  Gwladus, 
dau.  of  Lleyson  ap  Rhys,  had  a  son,  — 

Hopkin  ap  Thomas,  who  m.  Angharad,  dau.  of 
Thomas  ap  Llewelyn.  Their  son, — 

David  ap  Hopkin,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Evan  ap 
Llewelyn.  Their  son,  Hopkin  ap  Davydd,  /«. 
Siwan,  dau.  of  Rhys  Gethin  ;  and  their  son, — 

Thomas  ap  Hopkin,  m.  Sarah,  dau.  of  Meredydd 
Ddu  ("the  black").  Their  son,  William  ap 
Thomas,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Davydd  Llwyd, 
whose  son,  Owen  ap  William  of  Cwrt-y-Bettws,  m. 
Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Rhys  ap  Evan.  Their  2nd 
son,  Evan  ap  Owen,  m.  Jennet  Morgan,  and  left 
a  son, — 

Jenkin  ap  Evan,  otherwise  Jenkin  Bevan, 
Jenkin  Bevan,  of  Rhosilly,   in   Gower,  co.  of 
Glamorgan  (who  first  settled  this  surname  Bevan}, 

m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Rev.   Peter  ,  afterwards 

Rector  of  Rhosilly.     His  3rd  son, — 

William  Bevan,  of  the  town  of  Swansea,  co.  of 
Glamorgan,  became  a  Quaker  (d.  5th  Dec.,  1702, 
set.  75  ;  buried  in  the  Friends'  Burial-ground, 
Swansea.  Willis  dated  7th  Jan.,  1700;  codicil, 
6th  June,  1701.  -Proved  24th  Feb.  following  at 
Carmarthen).  His  wife  was  named  Priscilla,  and 
she  was  buried  with  her  husband.  His  son, — 

Silvanus  Sevan,  Esq.,  of  the  town  of  Swansea, 
was  4th  but  2nd  surviving  son  ;  b.  gth  Aug.,  1661; 
proved  his  father's  will  as  above  in  1701  (d.  4th 
Dec.,  1725  ;  buried  at  Swansea  ;)  m.  1 4th  Feb., 
1685,  Jane,  dau.  of  William  Phillips  of  Swansea  ; 
d,  I4th  Nov.,  1727.  His  4th  son, — 

Timothy  Bevan,  Esq.,  of  Hackney,  co.  Middle- 
sex (b.  2nd  July,  1704;  d.  I2th  June,  1786),  m., 
8th Sept.,  1735.  at  the  "Bull  and  Mouth,"  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  David  Barclay,  Esq.,  of  London  ;  d.  301)1 
August,  1745,  set.  32,  at  Hackney.  His  son, — 

Silvanus  Bevan,  Esq.,  of  Fosbury  House,  co. 
Wilts,  3rd  but  eldest  surviving  son  and  heir  (b. 
3rd  Oct.,  1743  ;  d,  25th  Jan.,  1830,  aet.  87  ;  buried 
at  St.  Nicholas,  Brighton),  by  his  second  wife, 
Louisa  Kendall  (*.  1749;  m.,  23rd  Sept.,  1773, 
at  St.  Giles's ;  d.  1838  ;  buried  at  St.  Nicholas, 
Brighton),  had,  with  other  issue, — 

David  Bevan,  Esq.,  of  Fosbury  House,  co. 
Wilts,  of  Trent  Park,  Enfield,  Middlesex,  and  of 
Belmont,  Herts,  his  eldest  son  and  heir ;  b. 
6th  Nov.,  1774  (d.  at  Belmont,  24th  Dec.,  1846, 
act.  72;  buried  at  Trent  Church).  He  m.,  3Oth 
April,  1798,  at  St.  Marylebone,  Favell  Bourke, 
only  dau.  and  only  child  that  left  issue  oi 
Robert  Cooper  Lee,  Esq.,  sometime  of  the  island 
of  Jamaica,  and  afterwards  of  Bedford  Square,  St. 


Pancras,  co.  of  Middlesex.  She  d.  25th  August, 
1841,  Kl.  60,  and  was  buried  in  Trent  Church, 
Enfield.  His  eldest  son  and  heir  is — 

ROBERT  COOPER  LEE  BEVAN,  Esq.,  of  Fos- 
bury House,  co.  Wilts,  and  of  Trent  Park,  Enfield, 
co.  Middlesex,  as  above. 


There  is  also  another  branch  of  the  BEVAN 
family  through  the  common  ancestors,  Silvanus 
Bevan  of  Swansea,  and  Jane,  dau.  of  William 
Phillips,  of  the  same  place. 

Paul  Bevan,  of  the  town  of  Swansea,  5th  and 
youngest  son  of  the  above  Silvanus  Bevan  (d.  igth 
Dec.,  1705  ;  d.  pth  Jan.,  1767,  x\..  61);  m.,  gth 
May,  1754,  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Richard  and 
Esther  Phillips  of  Swansea  (d.  I5th  May,  1771,  set. 
47).  He  left  a  son, — 

Sih'anus  Bevan,  co.  Glamorgan  (b.  I3th  Sept., 
1758;  d.  I5th  July,  1783  ;  buried  at  Swansea), 
who  m.,  I7th  Nov.,  1780.  Mary,  dau.  of  Edward 
and  Anna  Fox,  of  Wadebridge,  co.  Cornwall  (d. 
1787;  buried  in  Cornwall).  By  her  he  left  a 
second  and  only  surviving  son, — 

Paul  Bevan,  Esq.,  of  Tottenham,  Middlesex  (b. 
30th  Aug.,  1783  ;  d.  I2th  June,  1868),  who  m., 
1st,  24th  Oct.,  1804,  Rebecca,  dau.  of  Jasper  and 
Anne  Capper,  of  London,  who  d.  9th  Nov.,  1817  ; 
2ndly,  May,  1831,  Judith  Nicholls  Dillwyn,  who  d. 
271)1  June,  1868.  He  left  issue  surviving  by  the 
1st  wife, — 

1.  WILLIAM  BEVAN,  Esq.,  of  the  Old  Jewry, 
city  of  London,  and  St.   Stephen's  Square,   Bays- 
water,  solicitor,  now  living. 

2.  Samuel  Bevan,   Esq.,   of  Rosewood,    Pang- 
bourne,  Berks,  now  living. 

3.  Mary,  only  dau.,   m.  to  Alfred  Waterhouse, 
Esq.,  of  Whiteknights  Park,  Reading,  Berks. 

BIDDTJLPH,  John,  Esq.,  of  Swansea,  Glamorgan. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
2nd  son  of  the  late  John  Biddulph,  Esq., 
of  Ledbury,  and  brother  of  the  late  Robert 
Biddulph,  Esq.,  of  Ledbury,  M.P.  for  the 
city  of  Hereford;  b.  1804;  m.  the  only 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Chambers,  Esq., 
of  Llanelly ;  was  formerly  of  Dderwen, 
near  Swansea. 

Note. — The  Biddulphs  of  Ledburyhave  been  resident 
upon  their  estate  there  from  the  time  of  Anthony 
Biddulph,  who  was  Sheriff  for  the  co.  of  Hereford 
in  1694.  They  were  descended  from  the  Biddulphs 
of  Elmhurst,  circa  1550.  (See  further,  Myddelton 
Biddulph  of  Chirk  Castle. ) 

BLOSSE,  Yen.  Archd.  Henr^  Lynch,  Newcastle 
House,  Glamorganshire. 

Archdeacon  of  Llandaff;  M.A. ;  Preb.  of 
Caerau  in  Llandaff  Cathedral  1859;  Vicar 
of  Newcastle,  Dio.  of  Llandaff,  1839;  Surro- 
gate and  Rural  Dean ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of 
Glamorgan ;  is  patron  of  the  livings  of 
Bishton,  Kilgwrrwg,  Llanvihangel  Tor  y 
Mynydd,  St.  Lythan's  ;  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Robert  Lynch  Blosse,Bart,  of  Castle  Carra, 
co.  Mayo,  and  brother  of  the  present  Sir 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


623 


Robert  of  the  same  place;  b.  1814,  at 
Gabalva,  near  Cardiff;  ed.  at  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Dublin;  gr.  A.B.  1835,  M.A.  1860; 
m  in  1843,  to  Charlotte  Fanny,  daughter 
of  Rev.  Robert  Knight,  Tythegston  Court, 
Glam. ;  has  issue  4  sons,  5  daughters. 

Heir:   Robert  Charles  Lynch  Blosse,  6.  1848. 
Residences :  Newcastle  House,  Bndgend  ;    the 
Canonry,  Llandaff. 

Motto :  Nee  temere  nee  timide. 

BOOKER,  Thomas  William,  Esq.,  of  Velindre, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  William  Booker 
Blackmore,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Herefordshire, 
who  assumed  the  surname  Booker  in  place 
of  his  own  of  Blackmore;  b.  at  Velindre, 
1830;  m.,  1861,  Caroline  Emily,  daughter 
of  the  late  Robert  Lindsay,  Esq.,  of  Glan- 
afon  ;  has  issue  six  daughters. 

Residence:  Velindre,   Cardiff,  Glamorganshire. 

Arms:  Per  pale,  or  and  vert,  an  eagle  displayed 
within  a  bordure  charged  with  four  roundels  and 
four  fleurs-de-lis  all  counterchanged. 

Crest:  On  a  wreath  of  the  colours,  a  demi- 
eagle  displayed  or,  in  the  beak  a  fleur-de-lis  vert. 

Motto  :  Ad  ccelum  tendit. 

Note.— Velindre  is  a  local  name  whose  etymology 
is  clear  and  significant,  but  whose  form  has  been 
slightly  marred  by  a  provincial  more  than  by  an 
English  pronunciation.  The  name,  signifying  the 
"mill-house,"  or  "mill-residence"  (W.,  mettlt—tiM, 
tre— abode),(should  of  course  terminate  with  an  e,  but  it 
is  usually  spelled  Velindra. 

BROGDEN,  Alexander,  Esq.,  of  Coytrehen,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

M.P.  for  Wednesbury  (elected  1868) ;  a 
magistrate  for  the  county  of  Lancaster  ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Brogden,  Esq., 
of  Sale,  near  Manchester,  by  Sarah  Hannah, 
daughter  of  Alexander  McWilliams,  Esq. ; 
b.  at  Sale,  1825  ;  ed.  at  King's  College, 
London  ;  m.,  1848,  Anne,  daughter  of  the 
late  James  Garstang,  Esq.,  of  Manchester, 
and  has  issue  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

Heir:  James  Garstang  Brogden,  b.  1850. 

Residences  :  Coytreh£n  House,  Bridgend  ; 
Lightburne  House,  Ulverston  ;  Holm  Island, 
Grange,  Lancashire. 

Town  Address :  6,  Belgrave  Mansions,  S.W.  ; 
Reform  Club,  S.W. 

Arms :  Quarterly :  1st  and  4th,  gu.,  fretty  arg., 
a  chief  or — BROGDEN  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  az.,  three 
lozenges  or  pierced,  a  chief  arg.  within  a  bordure 
engrailed — GARSTANG. 

Crest:  From  a  ducal  crown  a  hand  and  arm 
holding  a  rose  proper. 

Motto :  Constans  et  fidelis. 


Xote.—CoytrehZn  (CoeJ-tre-hen),  "the  ancient 
wood-house,"  like  Tondu,  belonged  in  the  I«h  and 
i8th  centuries  to  the  influential  family  of  the  Powells. 
The  modern  spelling  is  marred  especially  by  a 
terminal  e,  which  disguises  the  etymological  sigmh- 
cancy  of  the  word.  The  W.  Mn,  with  the  vowel 
lengthened,  and  sounded  like  a  in  mane,  gives  the 
meaning  of  "old"  or  "ancient."  As  a  matter  of 
linguistic  accuracy  it  is  of  use  that  local  names  should 
be  preserved  as  far  as  possible  in  their  integrity. 

BROGDEN,  James,  Esq.,  of  Tondu,  Glamorgan- 
shire. 

Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  County  of 
Glamorgan  ;  F.G.S.  ;  fourth  son  of  the 
late  John  Brogden,  Esq.,  of  Sale,  near 
Manchester,  by  Sarah  Hannah,  dau.  of 
Alexander  McWilliams  ;  b.  at  Manchester, 
1832  ;  ed.  at  King's  College,  London  ;  m., 
1859,  Helen  Milne,  daughter  of  the  late 
Captain  Milne,  of  Aden;  and  has  issue. 

Heir-  Duncan  Dunbar,  b.  1861. 

Residence:  TondAHouse,  Bridgend,  Glamorgan. 

Town  Address:  4,  Queen's  Square,  Westminster. 

Arms:  Per  pale :  dexter,^.,  fretty  arg.,  a  chief 
or— BROGDEN  ;  sinister,  quarterly,— 1st  and  4th, 
per  bend  arg.  and  gu  ,  3  roses  counterchanged  ; 
2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  a  lion  rampant  or,  on  a  chief 
or  embattled,  two  Cornish  choughs  ppr. 

Crest:  Out  of  a  ducal  crown,  a  dexter  hand 
and  arm  holding  a  rose-bud  ppr. 

Motto :  Consians  et  fidelis. 

Note.  —  Tondu  was  well  known  in  the  1 7th  and  i8th 
centuries  as  the  residence  of  the  Powell  family  of  the 
lineage  of  Powell  of  Llivydiarlh  and  Coetre-hen,  from 
whom  also  came  the  Powells  of  Ene'ri;lyn.  The  Powells 
of  Tondu  supplied  several  sheriffs  for  the  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan. They  were  of  the  sept  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn. 
(See  also  Powell  of  Maesteg  and  Llankaran.) 

BRUCE,  Right  Hon.  Henry  Austin,  of  Dyffryn, 
Glamorganshire. 

Called  to  the  Bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn  1843;  was 
appointed  Police  Magistrate  at  MerthyrTyd- 
fil;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ; 
M.P.  for  Merthyr  1852—1868;  became 
Under  Secretary  for  the  Home  Department 
1862;  Vice-President  of  the  Committee  of 
Council  1864;  Charity  Commissioner,  and 
Member  of  the  Privy  Council,  1864;  M.P. 
for  Renfrewshire  1868—1872;;  Secretary 
for  the  Home  Department  1869  ;  second 
son  of  John  Bruce  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn, 
St.  Nicholas,  co.  of  Glamorgan  (son  oi~ 
John  Knight,  Esq.,  of  Llanblethian),  who, 
instead  of  his  own  surname,  assumed  that 
of  Bruce,  his  mother's  maiden  surname  (as 
did  also  his  brother,  James  Lewis  Knight, 
afterwards  Lord  Justice  Sir  J.  L.  Knight 
Bruce,  d.  1867) ;  and  subsequently,  on  in- 
heriting under  the  will  of  Thomas  Pryce, 


624 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Esq.,  of  Dyffryn-Goluwch,  that  of  Pryce; 
but  was  not  herein  followed  by  his 
sons,  who  have  retained  the  surname 
Bruce;  b.  1815;  m.,  ist,  1846,  Annabella, 
dau.  of  Richard  Beadon,  Esq.,  of  Clifton 
(she  d.  1852) i;  andly,  1854,  Norah,  dau. 
of  the  late  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  William  Napier, 
K.C.B.,  and  has  issue. 

Heir:  Henry  Campbell  Brace,  b.  1851. 

Residence :  Dyffryn,  near  Aberdare. 

Town  House:  I,  Queen's  Gate,  W. 

Arms:  ist,  gu.  3  chevrons  arg.  a  crescent  for 
difference — PRYCE  ;  2nd,  or,  a  saltire  gu.  on  a 
chief  of  the  last  a  martlet  or  —BRUCE. 

LINEAGE. 
For  lineage,  see  hereafter,  Bruce  Pryce  of  Dyffryn. 

CARNE,  John  Whitlock  Nicholl-,  Esq.,  of 
Dimlands  and  St.  Donat's  Castle,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

D.C.L.,  M.A.;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the 
co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  Barrister-at-law  (called 
to  the  Bar  by  the  Society  of  the  Inner  Tem- 
ple, 1840),  was  on  the  Oxford  and  South 
Wales  Circuits  ;  Chairman  of  P.  Sessions  ; 
late  Commissioner  in  Bankruptcy  ;  Patron 
of  St.  Donat's  Vicarage,  co.  Glamorgan  ; 
author  of  an  "  Essay  on  the  Improvement 
of  Time,"  and  "  The  Art  of  Poetry; "  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Robert  Nicholl  and  Elizabeth 
Carne,  his  wife,  dau.  and  h.  of  Captain 
Charles  Loder  Carne,  R.N.,  of  Nash 
Manor:  b.  at  Dimlands  (Glamorganshire), 
i7th  April,  1816;  ed.  at  Jesus  College, 
Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  1837,  M.A.  1839, 
D.C.L.  1843;  became  F.S.A.  1848;  m., 
loth  April,  1844,  Mary  Jane,  only  dau.  of 
Peter  Whitfield  Brancker,  Esq.,  of  Field 
House,  Wavertree,  Liverpool ;  s.  to  Llan- 
twit  estates  1849,  Park  Newydd,  Llan- 
wonno,  in  1854,  St.  Donat's  estate  1861, 
Nash  1869 ;  has  issue  2  sons  and  4  dans, 
living  (i  son  and  2  daus.  dead).  Eldest 
son  was  Edward  Stradling  Nicholl,  b.  8th 
Sept.,  1849  ;d.  ist  July,  1862. 

Heir:  John  Devereux  Vann  Loder,  b.  1854. 

Residences :  Dimlands,  Cowbridge;  St.  Donat's 
Castle,  Bridgend. 

Arms:  Sa.,  3  pheons  arg.,  for  NICHOLL  ; 
gu.,  pelican  in  her  piety  or,  for  CARNE. 

Crest:  On  a  tower,  a  Cornish  chough,  wings 
expanded  ppr.—  Nicholl ;  out  of  ducal  coronet  a 
pelican  displayed  with  2  heads  — Carne. 

Mottoes:  En  toute  loyale.  Heb  Dduw  heb 
ddim ;  Duw  a  digon. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Ynyr,  King 
of  Gwent  (gth  cent.),  whose  grandson  Dyfrig,  or 
Devereux,  who  lived  at  the  time  of  the  Conquest, 
first  assumed  the  name  of  Carne,  from  a  place 


called  Pen  Carne,  in  Monmouthshire,  where  he 
was  nurtured.  It  intermarried  in  early  times  with 
the  families  of  Herbert,  Mansel,  Stradling,  Berk- 
rolles,  Loder,  St.  Maur,  Gamage,  De  Lacy,  Giles, 
Fleming,  Whitlock,  Poyntz,  &c. ;  and  among  its 
distinguished  members  in  past  time  may  be  named 
Sir  Edward  Carne,  of  Ewenny  (fifth  in  the  Ewenny 
line,  which  began  with  Sir  Edward,  second  son  of 
Howel  Carne,  of  Nash),  Commissioner  for  the 
Suppression  of  the  Monasteries,  temp.  Henry  VIII., 
and  purchased  Ewenny  Abbey  at  its  dissolution  ; 
Sir  Edward  Carne,  of  Nash,  Teller  of  the  Ex- 
chequer and  Receiver-General  for  S.  Wales  ;  Sir 
Augustine  Nicholl,  Chief  Justice  ;  Sir  Bulstrode 
Whitlock,  Judge  of  Common  Pleas  under  the 
Commonwealth  ;  &c. 

Sir  Edward  Carne,  Kt.,  of  Nash,  just  named 
(fifteenth  in  descent  in  the  Nash  senior  line),  m. 
Anne,  fourth  dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Mansel  of 
Margam,  and  left  a  son  and  successor,  William 
Carne,  Esq.,  who  by  his  wife  Jane,  dau.  and  h. 
of  William  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llanfihangel  (see 
Tliomas  of  Llanfihangel),  left  with  other  issue  a 
son, — 

Thomas  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Nash,  who  m.  Jane, 
dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Stradling,  Bart.,  of  St.  Donat's. 
He  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1690  (see  Sheriffs, 
where  it  will  be  seen  that  Carnes  of  Ewenny  were 
sheriffs  in  1543,  1555,  1562,  1572,  1581,  1588, 
1601,  1620,  &c.).  His  grandson, — 

Edward  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Nash,  m.  Grace,  dau. 
of  Edward  Mathew,  Esq.,  of  Aberaman,  Sheriff  of 
Glam.  1693  (see  MatAew  of  Llandaff,  Radir,  Aber- 
aman, &cj,  and  had  a  large  family.  His  eldest 
son  and  heir  was— 

John  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Nash,  Sheriff  of  Glam. 
1731 ;  m.,  July  8,  1728,  Elizabeth,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  Charles  Loder,  Esq.,  of  Hinton. 

John  Carne  Clerk,  his  eldest  son  (his  second  son, 
Rev.  Edward  Carne,  B.D.,  Rector  of  St.  Athan's, 
d.  unm. ;  but  his  third  son,  Capt.  Charles  Loder 
Carne,  R.N.,  m.,  and  had  issue  Elizabeth,  of  whom 
again),  m.  Eleanor  his  first  cousin  (dau.  of  Richard 
Carne,  Esq.,  fifth  son  of  Edward  Carne,  of  Nash, 
and  Grace  his  wife  above  named),  and  had  issue  a 
dau.  and  only  surviving  child,  Eleanor.  He  d.  at 
Nash,  1798,  cet.  66. 

Eleanor  Carne,  of  Nash,  £.Nov.  18,  1769;  m., 
Aug.  29th,  1798,  Thomas  Markham,  Esq.,  of 
Cheltenham,  and  d.  s.  p.  1842,  when  the  estates 
fell  to  Elizabeth  Carne  above  named,  who  m.  as 
her  second  husband — 

The  Rev.  Robert  Nicholl  of  Dimlands,  son  of 
Whitlock  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of  the  Ham,  co.  Glamor- 
gan (of  the  family  of  Nicholl  of  Llantwit  Major, 
descended  from  the  Turbervilles — see  Turberville  of 
Coity),  who  inherited  in  right  of  his  wife,  and 
assumed  her  surname  of  Carne  in  addition  to  his 
own.  He  -had,  besides  four  daus. — Emma  Anne, 
Anna  Maria,  Ellen  Louisa,  and  Frances  Susan, — 
two  sons, — 

1.  ROBERT  CHARLES  NICHOLL-CARNE,  Esq., 
of  Nash,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  co.  Glamorgan  ;  called 
to  the  Bar;  m.,  1838,  Sarah  Jane,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of   Rev.   N.    Poyntz,  M.A.,    of  Alvescot    House, 
Oxfordshire  (she  d.  s.  p.  1861).    Mr.  Nicholl-Carne 
d.  s.  p.  1869. 

2.  JOHN   WHITLOCK  NICHOLL-CARNE,  Esq., 
now  of  Dimlands,  St.  Donat's  Castle,  Nash,  &c., 
as  above. 

Note. — For  a  notice  of  St.  Donafs  Castle,  see  under 
that  title  ante.  Dimlands  was  altered  and  improved 
1850-1.  The  restoration  of  St.  Donat's  Castle,  com- 


THK  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


625 


menced  in  1861,  is  not  yet  quite  completed.  On  the 
estate  is  Gwrganfs-foion,  once  the  seat  of  lestyn  ap 
Gwrgant,  and  several  Roman  and  Danish  encamp- 
ments. There  was  a  monastery  of  Black  Benedictines 
at  Nash. 

CLARK,  George  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Dowlais  House, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
High  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1868  ;  Chair- 
man of  Merthyr  Board  of  Guardians; 
Hon.  Col.  of  2nd  Adm.  Bat.  of  Glamorgan 
Rifle  Volunteers ;  author  of  various  papers, 
chiefly  in  antiquarian  journals,  History  of 
Castle  of  St.  Donat's,  &c. ;  son  of  the 
Rev.  Geo.  Clark,  A.M.,  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Camb.,  by  Clara,  dau.  of  Thomas  Dicey, 
Esq.;  b.  at  Chelsea,  1809;  ed.  at  the 
Charterhouse;  m.,  in  1850,  Ann  Price, 
and  dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of 
Park,  co.  Glamorgan,  and  sister  to  Henry 
Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Greenmeadow,  co.  Glamor- 
gan ;  has  issue  i  son  and  i  dau. 

Residences :  Dowlais  House,  Merthyr  Tydfil ; 
Talygam,  Cardiff. 

Arms :  Gu. ,  a  fleur-de-lis  or,  in  chief  a  canton 
ermine. 

Crest:  A  lion  rampant  or. 

Mottoes:  "  Non  major  alio  non  minor  ;"  over 
crest,  "Try  and  tryst." 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  Staffordshire  origin,  descended 
from  Joseph  Clark,  who  was  of  Burton  in  1500. 
Among  its  members  have  been  various  authors  of 
more  or  less  distinction,  chiefly  divines  bearing  the 
name  of  Samuel,  of  whom  were  the  martyrologist ; 
the  editor  of  an  early  and  learned  Harmony  of  the 
Gospels  ;  and  Dr.  S.  Clark,  of  St.  Alban's,  author 
of  the  well-known  "Promises  of  Scripture."  For 
the  Lewis  lineage  see  Lewis  of  Greenmeadow, 
Lewis  of  Van,  &c. 

COEBETT,  John   Stuart,  Esq.,  Cogan  Ell, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  son  of  the 
late  Ven.  Archdeacon  Stuart  Corbett,  of 
York  ;  b.  1816,  at  Wortley,  near  Sheffield  ; 
m.,  1844,  Miss  Elizabeth  Evan,  of  the 
Gothic,  Radnorshire  ;  has  issue  three  sons 
and  one  daughter. 

Heir:  John  Stuart. 

Residence :  Cogan  Pill,  near  Cardiff. 

Note. — Cogan  Pill  \s  an  ancient  mansion  (recently 
restored  and  altered)  which  was  built  and  for  several 
generations  inhabited  by  the  Herberts.  We  have 
account  that  William  Herbert,  Esq.,  was  Sheriff  of  co. 
Glam.  1551—1556,  son  of  Sir  George  Herbert,  Kt., 
of  Swansea,  who  was  of  Cogan  Pill,  and  built  the  house 
there.  This  early  structure  appears  to  have  been  on 
an  extensive  scale,  of  superior  construction,  and  in  the 


Gothic  style.  During  recent  alterations  a  fine  Gothic 
arch,  long  filled  up  and  plastered  over,  was  brought 
to  view,  and  has  been  carefully  preserved.  The 
mansion  of  Cogan  Pill  has  descended,  with  the  other 
estates  of  the  Herberts  in  Glamorganshire,  to  the 
Marquess  of  Bute. 

CEAWSHAY,  Robert  Thompson,  Esq.,  of  Cy- 
farthfa  Castle,  Glamorganshire. 

Son  of  the  late  William  Crawshay,  Esq., 
of  Caversham  Park,  Berks,  and  Cyfarthfa 
Castle,  Sheriff  of  Glamorganshire  1828-9, 
well  known  as  the  great  ironmaster  in  South 
Wales,  b.  at  Cyfarthfa,  1817;  m.,  1846, 
dau.  of  N.  N.  Yeates,  Esq.,  and  has  issue 
three  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Residences:    Cyfarthfa  Castle,   Glam.  ;   Cathe- 
dine,  Brec. 

Arms :  A  plough  and  dog,  upon  cannon  balls. 
Motto:  Perseverance. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Craw- 
shays  of  Normanton,  Yorkshire.  See  further 
Cyfarthfa  Castle. 

DA7IE8,  Eees  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Gwaelod-y- 
Garth,  Glamorganshire. 

A  Barrister-at-law ;  called  at  the  Inner 
Temple  1864;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan; son  of  William  Davies,  Esq.,  of  The 
Mardy,  co.  Glamorgan,  by  Mary,  dau.  and 
co-heir  of  Rees  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Mirlanga  ; 
b.  at  Gwaelod-y-Garth,  Oct.  25,  1841  ;  ed. 
at  Christ  Church,  Oxford ;  grad.  B.A.  and 
B.C.L. ;  rst  class  in  Law  and  Modern 
History  ;  m.,  April  8,  1869,  Florence,  only 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Gandall,  M.A., 
Laudian  Professor  of  Arabic  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  by  Louisa,  eldest  dau. 
of  Thomas  Pearse,  Esq.,  of  Warnborough , 
Hants,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Lord 
Charles  Kerr ;  s.  on  the  death  of  his  elder 
brother,  1859  ;  had  issue  a  dau.,  Gwendo- 
line, d.  June  12,  1870. 

Heir  f resumptive:    His     brother,     Augustus 
Richard,  Lieut.  22nd  Foot. 

Residence:  Gwaelod-y-Garth,  Merthyr  Tydfil, 
Glamorganshire. 

Town  Addresses  :  4,  King's  Bench  Walk,  Inner 
Temple  ;  and  New  University  Club,  St.  James's. 

LINEAGE   AND    HISTORY. 

The  family  continues  in  possession  of  the  old 
estate  upon  which  their  ancestors  resided  for  gene- 
rations. Of  the  two  old  houses,  however,  belong- 
ing to  it,  Mirlanga  was  abandoned  in  a  ruinous 
state  about  1 780  ;  and  The  Mardy,  built  at  a  very 
early  date,  had  not  of  late  years  been  occupied  by 
the  family  except  at  intervals,  and  in  1869  the 


626 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


remaining  fragment  was  taken  down.  The 
estate,  by  gifts  and  devises,  with  their  attendant 
litigation,  has  at  different  times  been  greatly 
curtailed.  One  of  these  devises  was  as  early  as 
1558  the  subject  of  a  suit  in  chancery.  No 
addition  to  this  property  has  been  made  since  1727, 
when  some  neighbouring  farms  were  purchased  by 
Thomas  Lewis  ap  Richard,  of  The  Mardy.  It  was 
with  his  eldest  son  and  heir,  DAVID  ap  Thomas,  that 
the  old  Welsh  intermittent  system  of  name-giving 
ended,  and  the  present  surname  of  Uavies  (ap 
David)  originated.  From  father  to  son  the  Mir- 
langa  property  descended  in  the  male  line  until 
the  death  of  Rees  Uavies  in  1816.  He  by  his  wife 
Jane,  dau.  and  subsequently  heiress  of  Samuel 
Rees,  Esq.,  left  two  daughters  co-heirs.  The 
elder,  Margaret,  m.,  1st,  D.  W.  Meyrick,  Esq  , 
of  The  Gaer ;  and  2nd,  E.  L.  Richards,  Esq., 
for  many  years  Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions  for 
Flintshire.  By  her  death  s.  p.  in  1845  her  moiety 
of  the  estate  passed  to  her  sister  Mary,  owner 
and  co-heiress  of  the  other  moiety.  She  in  1836 
m.  William  Davies,  Esq.  (see  above),  younger  son 
of  William  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Pentremawr,  and  by 
him,  who  d.  in  1848,  and  whom  she  survived  but 
a  fortnight,  left  issue  surviving — 

1.  William  ReesD.  Davies,  d.  unm.  1859. 

2.  REES  EDWARD  (as  above). 

3.  Arthur  Rowland,  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
d.  unm.  1868. 

4.  Augustus  Richard,  Lieut.  22nd  Foot. 

DAVIS,  David,  Esq.,  Maes-y-lfynon,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  son  of  the 
late  David  Davis,  Esq.,  of  Blaen-gwawr, 
Aberdare ;  (a  younger  brother  is  Lewis 
Davis,  Esq.,  of  Preswylfa,  Cardiff,  and 
Brynderwen,  Pontypridd ;)  b.  Sept.  13, 
1821  ;  m.,  Nov.  3,  1846,  to  Caroline  Jones, 
dau.  of  John  Jones,  Esq.,  Dowlais ;  has 
issue  i  son  and  3  daus. 

Residence:  Maes-y-ffynon,  Aberdare. 

DILLWYN,  Lewis  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  of  Hendre- 
foilan,  Glamorganshire. 

M. P. for  the  Borough  of  Swan  sea  since  1855  ; 
F.G.S.  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan ;  Major  Commandant  3rd  Glamorgan 
Volunteer  Rifles  ;  Director  of  the  Great 
Western  Railway  Co.  ;  Chairman  of  the 
Directors  of  the  Glamorganshire  Banking 
Co.  ;  son  of  the  late  Lewis  Weston  Dill- 
wyn,  Esq.,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Glam.,  Sheriff  for  the  same  1818,  and 
M.P.  1 835-7,  by  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Llewelyn,  Esq.,  of  Penlle'rgaer ;  b.  May 
19,  1814,  at  Swansea;  ed.  at  Bath;  »;., 
1838,  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Sir  H.  de  la  Beche,  C.B.,  the  eminent 
geologist ;  has  issue  one  son  and  three 
daughters. 

Heir:  His  son,  Henry  de  la  Beche  Dillwyn, 
*.  1843. 


Residence :  Hendrefoilan,  near  Swansea. 
Town  Address :  10,  Princes  Terrace,  S.W. 
Arms :  Gu.,  on  a  chevron  arg.,  three  trefoils 
slipped  of  the  first. 

Crest :  A  stag's  head  couped  proper. 
Motto :  Craignez  honte. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Sir  John 
Dilwyn,  of  Dilwyn,  co.  Hereford.  The  family 
afterwards  settled  at  Langorse,  Breconshire,  and 
in  1699  William  Dilwyn,  the  great-great-grand- 
father of  the  present  representative,  emigrated  from 
Breconshire  to  Philadelphia ;  his  grandson, 
\\  illiam  Dillwyn,  returned  to  England,  and 
settled  at  Higham  Lodge,  near  Walthamstow. 

DUNRAVEN,  Windham  Thomas,  4th  Earl  of, 
Dunraven  Castle,  Glamorganshire. 

Baron  Adare  (cr.  1800)  ;  Viscount  Mount- 
Earl  (cr.  1816)  ;  Viscount  Adare  and  Earl 
of  Dunraven  (cr.  1822), — all  in  the  peerage 
Ireland ;  Baron  Kenry,  of  Kenry,  in  the 
Peerage  of  Great  Britain  (cr.  1866);  a 
Baronet  (cr.  1781). 

Was  a  Lieut,  in  the  ist  Life  Guards,  and 
Aide-de-camp  to  Lord  Kimberley,  Lord 
Lieut,  of  Ireland  1866 ;  Lieut,  in  4th 
Oxford  R.  V. ;  son  of  the  late  Edwin 
Richard  Windham  Wyndham  Quin,  3rd 
Earl  of  Dunraven  (d.  1872),  M.P.  for 
the  co.  of  Glamorgan  1837 — 51,  by  his 
wife,  Augusta,  dau.  of  Thomas  Goold, 
Esq.,  a  Master  in  the  Irish  Chancery 
(she  d.  1866);  b.  1841  ;  ed.  at  Chr.  Ch., 
Oxon. ;  m.,  1869,  Florence,  dau.  of  Lord 
Charles  Lennox  Kerr,  son  of  6.th  Marquess 
of  Lothian,  by  Emma  Charlotte,  sister  of 
Sir  John  Hanmer,  Bart.,  of  Bettisfield, 
M.P. ;  s.  to  the  title,  Dunraven  estates, 
&c.,  on  the  demise  of  his  father,  1872. 

Residences :  Dunraven  Castle,  near  Bridgend  ; 
Adare  Manor,  near  Limerick. 

Town  House :  5,  Buckingham  Gate. 

Arms :  Quarterly,  quartered  :  gr.  quarters,  1st 
and  4th,  vert,  a  pejjasus  passant  ermine,  a  chief  or 
-r  QUIN  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  a  hand  couped  at 
the  wrist,  holding  a  dagger  ppr.,  in  chief  two 
crescents  arg.  —  O'QuiN  OF  MUNSTER  ;  2nd  and 
3rd,  az.,  a  chevron  between  3  lions'  heads  erased 
or — WYNDHAM. 

Crests:  i.  A  wolf  s  head,  couped  arg. — Quin; 
2.  A  lion's  head  erased  within  a  fetterlock  or — 
Wyndham. 

Supporters:  Two  ravens  ppr.,  collared  and 
lined  or. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  in  the  male  descent  is  of  Irish 
lineage.  Its  connection  with  Glamorgan  originated 
in  the  purchase  of  Dunraven  from  Sir  George 
Vaughan  (see  Vaiighan  of  Dunraven),  1642,  by 
Humphrey  Wyndham,  Esq.  (Sheriff  of  Glamorgan 
1654),  and  the  marriage  of  that  gentleman  with  a 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


627 


Welsh  lady  of  an  ancient  Cymric  family,  viz.,  Jane 
Carne,  of  Ewenny  (see  Came  of  St.  JJonat's,  &c. ), 
in  1656.  His  son,  John  Wyndham  (,/.  1697),  was 
s.  by  his  son  Francis,  who  left  an  only  dau  , — 

Joan  Wyndham,  heiress  of  his  estate,  who  m. 
Francis    Wyndham,   Esq.,    of  Clearwell  ;    he    m.    • 
secondly  Catherine,  dau.  and   h.  of  Sir  Humphry 
Edwin,  Kt. ,  of  Llanfihangel,  near  Cowbridge  (see 
Thomas  of  Llanfihangel}.     His  son  from  the  second    I 
marriage,  Charles  Wyndham,  assumed  his  mother's    i 
maiden  name  of  Edwin  (see  far/.  Annals  for  co., 
aim.  1780 — 89),  and  was  s.  by  his  son, — 

Thomas  Wyndham,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven,  M.P. 
for  many  years  for  the  co.  of  Glam.  (see  Parl. 
Annals,  1789—1812).  He  left  an  only  dau. 
and  h., — 

Caroline  Wyndham,  who  m.,  Dec.,  1810, 
Windham  Henry  (Wyndham)  Quin,  Lord  Adare, 
2nd  Earl  of  Uunraven  (d.  1850).  He  assumed 
thereupon  the  surname  Wyndham  prefixed  to  that 
of  Quin,  and  quartered  the  Wyndham  arms.  His 
son  and  succ., — 

Edwin  Richard  Wyndham,  Viscount  Adare,  6. 
1812,  became  3rd  Earl  Dunraven,  and  left,  with 
other  issue, — 

WYNDHAM  THOMAS,  4th  Earl,  as  above. 

FISHER,  Samuel  Sharpe  Herman-,  Esq.,  of 
Llwyn  Derw,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  second 
son  of  the  late  Roger  Staples  Horman- 
Fisher,  Esq.,  of  Bentworth  Hall,  Hants, 
and  James  Street,  Buckingham  Gate, 
London,  by  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  dau.  and 
h.  of  John  Horman,  Esq.,  of  Finchley ; 
b.  1823  ;  m.  Jane,  second  dau.  of  Robert 
Eaton,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-y-Mor,co.  Glamorgan, 
and  by  her  has  issue  i  dau., — 
Margaret  Jane. 

Residence :  Llwyn  Derw,  near  Swansea. 

Arms :  Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  on  a  chevron, 
engrailed  with  plain  cotises,  between  3  demi- 
lions  guardant  gu. ,  each  supporting  between  the 
paws  a  dexter  gauntlet  ppr.,  three  bezants  ;  and 
and  3rd,  bendy  of  eight,  or  and  az.,  per  bend 
sinister,  counterchanged,  on  a  chief  gu. ,  a  lion 
passant  or  :  impaling  in  right  of  his  wife,  quar- 
terly, 1st  and  4th  arg. ,  in  chief  3  escallop  shells, 
a  fesse  az.  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  arg. ,  a  lion  rampant. 

Crest :  1st,  issuant  from  a  crown  pallisado,  or, 
a  demi-lion  guardant  supporting  a  gauntlet,  as  in 
the  arms  ;  2nd,  in  front  of  a  cross  crosslet,  gu.. 
two  Roman  fasces,  with  the  battle-axe  in 
saltire,  ppr. 

Motives  :  Sustento  justitiam — HORMAN  ;  Vir- 
tutem  extendere  factis— FISHER. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  to  an  ancestor  bearing  the 
name  Piscator,  holding  lands  at  the  time  of  the 
Domesday  survey  in  a  district  since  included  in  the 
county  of  Bedford.  A  branch  settled  at  Alderways, 
in  Staffordshire  ;  and  from  them  were  descended 
Sir  John  Fisher,  a  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas 
temp.  Henry  VIII.,  Sir  Robert  Fisher,  Bart.,  of 
Packington,  Warwickshire,  and  Sir  Thomas  Fisher, 
Bart.,  of  St.  Giles's,  Middlesex,  both  of  which  titles 
became  extinct. 


The  branch  from  which  Mr.  Fisher  of  Llwyn 
Derw  traces  in  direct  line  settled  in  the  north  of 
England.  Joseph  Fisher,  son  of  Joseph  Fisher  of 
Cockermouth,  Cumberland,  had  a  son, — 

Robert  Fisher,  Esq.,  of  Mitcham,  Surrey,  called 
to  the  Bar  at  the  Inner  Temple,  and  s.  his  elder 
brother,  Josiah,  1806.  By  a  first  v.  ife  he  had  three 
sons,  one  of  whom,  Robert,  became  of  Chetwynd, 
Salop;  and  by  a  second  wife,  Mary,  dau.  and  h.of 
Baron  Butz,  a  noble  of  Germany,  he  had  three 
other  sons,  one  of  whom  was — 

Roger  Staples  Fisher,  Esq.,  of  Bentworth  Hall, 
Hants,  who  m.,  1819,  Elizabeth,  dau.  and  h.  of 
John- Horman,  Esq.,  of  Finchley,  and  by  her  had 
several  sons,  the  second  being — 

SAMUEL  SHARPE  HORMAN-FISHER,  as  above. 

FOTHERGTLL,    Richard,  Esq.,   of  Abernant 
House,  Glamorganshire. 

M.P.  for  Merthyr  Tydfil  (1868)  ;  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  is  a  large 
ironmaster  at  Aberdare,  Penydarran,  &c. ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Rowland  Fothergill, 
Esq.;  b.  1822;  m.,  ist,  1847,  Miss  Elizabeth 
Lewis;  2ndly,  1850,  Mary,  dau.  of  W. 
Roden,  Esq.  A  brother  of  Mr.  Fothergill 
was  the  late  Rowland  Fothergill,  Esq.,  of 
Hensol  Castle,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.,  Sheriff  for 
the  co.  of  Glamorgan  1850  (see  Hensd 
Castle),  who  d.  1871 ;  and  a  sister  is  Miss 
Fothergill,  now  residing  at  the  same  place. 

Residence:  Abernant  House,  Aberdare. 
Team  Address  :  I,  Hyde  Park  Gardens. 

IOWLER,  John  Coke,  Esq.,  of  Gnoll,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

Deputy  Chairman  of  the  Glamorganshire 
Quarter  Sessions;  Stipendiary  Magistrate 
for  the  Merthyr  district;  called  to  the  Bar 
at  the  Inner  Temple  ;  Author  of  "  Church 
Pews,  their  Origin  and  Legal  Incidents," 
"  Collieries  and  Colliers,"  "  Essay  on 
Milford  Haven,"  &c.;  son  of  William 
Tancred  Fowler,  Esq.;  b.  at  Derby,  1815; 
ed.  at  Rugby  and  Pembroke  College, 
Oxford  ;  grad.  B  A.  1837  ;  m.,  ist,  1844, 
Augusta,  dau.  of  John  Bacon,  Esq.;  2ndly, 
1850,  Anna,  dau.  of  Evan  Thomas,  Esq., 
of  Sully  and  Llwyn  Madoc ;  has  issue 
three  sons  and  four  daus. 

Heir :  John  Bacon  Fowler. 

Residences  :  West  Gnoll,  near  Neath  ;  and  St. 
David's  Cottage,  Merthyr  Tydfil. 

Arms:  Azure,  a  chevron  arg.  charged  with 
three  crosses  forme'e,  fa.,  between  three  lions 
passant  guardant  or  ;  quartering  three  crescents 
and  cross  fleury. 

Crest :  A  cubit  arm  and  hand,  with  a  falconer's 
lure. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Fowlers 
of  St.  Thomas's,  in  the  county  of  Stafford,  and 


628 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


through  the  grandmother  of  the  above-named 
J.  Coke  Fowler  from  the  Cokes  of  Trusley,  the 
Wardes  of  Gyndale,  in  Yorkshire,  the  Fowlers 
of  Harnage  Grange,  in  the  parish.of  Cound,  Salop, 
and  the  Fowlers  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir,  Radnorshire. 

FRANCIS,  George  Grant,  Esq.,  of  Cae  Bailey, 
Glamorganshire, 

F.S.A.  of  London  and  Scotland,  and 
member  of  many  learned  societies  at  home 
and  abroad  ;  Col.  Commanding  ist  Gla- 
morgan Artillery  Volunteers ;  J.  P.  for  the 
co.  of  Glamorgan  1865,  and  for  the 
borough  of  Swansea  1855  ;  Vice-President 
of  the  Royal  Institution  of  South  Wales ; 
Mayor  of  Swansea  1853-54;  Author  of 
The  History  of  Neath  and  its  Abbey,  8vo., 
1 845  ;  Hist,  of  the  Swansea  Grammar 
School,  8vo.,  1849  J  Hist,  of  Copper-Smelt- 
ing in  Glamorganshire,  8vo.,  1867  ;  Char- 
ters granted  to  Swansea,  with  illustrations 
and  notes,  folio,  1867  ;  Memoir  of  Sir  Hugh 
Johnys,Kt.,  8vo.,  1645  >  Lordship  of  Gower, 
1870  ;  and  monographs  on  Welsh  History 
and  Topography;  eld.  son  of  Mr.  John 
Francis;  b.  at  Swansea,  January,  1814; 
ed.  at  the  High  School,  Swansea  ;  m., 
1840,  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Richard- 
son, Esq.,  J.  P.,  Mayor  of  Swansea,  1844 
(see  Richardson  of  Pantygwydir) ;  has 
issue  three  sons,  John  Richardson,  George 
Grant,  and  Attwell. 

Heir :  John  Richardson,  in,,  to  Lucy  Margaret, 
younger  dau.  of  John  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Bramp- 
ton  Bryan,  Hereford  (formerly  High  Sheriff  of 
co.  of  Radnor),  arid  has  issue  Walter  and 
Reginald. 

Residence  :  Cae  Bailey,  Swansea. 

Town  Address:  Pall  Mall  Club,  Waterloo 
Place. 

Arms:  As  given  by  Papworth's  ordinary  of 
arms :  Gu.,  on  a  bend  or,  3  lions'  heads  erased 
ppr.,  between  two  bezants,  for  P'RANCIS  (quarter- 
ing therewith  Attwell,  Grant,  and  Stuart). 

Crests .-  A  lion  statant  ppr.  for  Francis ;  a 
burning  mountain  for  Grant. 

Mottoes :  Spes  mea  in  Deo  ;  Stand  sure. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Francises 
of  Castle  Gary,  co.  of  Somerset,  and  the  Grants  of 
that  ilk  on  the  banks  of  Spey,  Inverness-shire. 

Note. — The  Ist  Glam.  Artill.  Volunteers— raised 
through  Col.  Francis's  exertions  in  1859 — presented 
him  with  a  sword  of  honour,  "as  a  mark  of  its  esteem 
and  regard."  He  has  brought  together  at  the  Royal 
Institution  of  South  Wales,  of  which  he  is  founder, 
large  collections  of  local  fossils,  antiquities,  coins,  and 
seals  (once  forming  his  own  private  collection  at  Cae 
Bailey,  and  which  he  presented  to  thetown),  and  one 
of  the  best  collections  of  Works  on  Wales  extant, 
of  which  he  compiled  and  printed  a  catalogue.  The 
Town  Council  entrusted  him  with  the  restoration  and 


methodizing  of  their  muniments,  a  work  performed  so 
satisfactorily  as  to  call  forth  a  warm  eulogium  from 
Lord  Chief  Justice  Campbell  in  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench.  He  was  active  in  restoring  to  public  use  the 
ancient  Grammar  School  of  Bishop  Gore  (of  which  he 
was  many  years  chairman,  and  is  stil!  one  of  the 
trustees) ;  in  promoting  railway  and  dock  accommoda- 
tion for  his  native  town  ;  and  in  erecting  the  fort  at 
the  Mumbles  for  the  protection  of  the  shipping.  The 
preservation  and  restoration  of  Oystermouth  Castle, 
one  of  the  many  ancient  ruins  pertaining  to  the  noble 
House  of  Beaufort,  Lords  of  Gower  and  Kilvey,  are 
owing  to  his  exertions,  for  which  he  was  presented 
with  a  piece  of  plate.  In  the  year  1851  he  was 
selected  to  represent  the  Swansea  District  as  Local 
Commissioner  at  the  Great  Exhibition,  and  he  filled 
a  like  office  in  connection  with  the  National  Crimean 
Fund. 

For  many  years  Colonel  Grant-Francis  has  been 
Hon.  Sec.  for  South  Wales  to  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries of  London.  He  took  part  in  the  formation  of 
the  Cambrian  Archjeological  Society,  and  has  fre- 
quently contributed  to  its  journal,  the  Arc/ucologia 
Cambrensis.  Mr.  L.  W.  Dillwyn's  "Contributions 
towards  a  History  of  Swansea,"  1840,  show  that  he 
was  a  coadjutor  in  that  interesting  piece  of  topo- 
graphy. The  British  Association  appointed  him 
Secretary  to  its  department  of  Ethnology,  when  it 
held  its  meeting  at  Swansea  in  1851.  The  benefit  of 
his  local  and  antiquarian  knowledge  has  been  most 
readily  extended  to  the  present  work. 

FRANKLEN,  Richard,  Esq.,  of  Clementston, 
Glamorganshire. 

Is  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan ;  was  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1846. 

(Further particulars  not  received.) 

GRENFELL,  Pascoe  St.  leger,  Esq.,  of  Maesteg 
House,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
son  of  the  late  Pascoe  Grenfell,  Esq. 
(d.  1837),  of  Taplow  House,  Bucks,  M.P. 
for  Great  Marlow,  by  the  Hon.  Georgiana 
St.  Leger,  dau.  of  St.  Leger  Aldworrh,  first 
Viscount  Doneraile  in  the  peerage  of  Ire- 
land (she  d.  1818);  m.  Catherine,  dau.  of 
James  Du  Pre",  Esq.,  and  has  issue  several 
sons  and  daus. 

Heir:  Pascoe  Du  Pre  Grenfell. 
Residence:  Maesteg  House,  near  Swansea. 
Arms :  Gu.,  three  organ-rests  [or  clarions]  or. 
Crist :  A  dragon  on  a  chapeau. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Grenfells  were  originally  of  Cornwall,  their 
seat  being  at  Penzance  in  that  co.  Descent  has 
been  claimed  on  their  behalf  from  the  Norman 
stock  of  De  Granville  or  Granvyl,  whose  represent- 
ative, Richard  de  Granville,  obtained  under  Fitz- 
hamon  the  lordship  of  Neath,  where  he  founded 
the  abbey  of  Neath,  co.  of  Glamorgan.  Some  of 
his  descendants  settled  in  Devon  and  Cornwall 
(see  De  Granville,  and  the  Ped.  of  Lady  Llanorer). 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


629 


GBJJTITH,  The  Rev.  John,  of  Merthyr  Tydfil, 
Glamorganshire. 

Rector  of  Merthyr  Tydfil  ;  Rural  Dean 
and  Surrogate  ;  formerly  Vicar  of  Aber- 
dare  ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
patron,  as  Rector  of  Merthyr,  of  Peny- 
darran  District  Church  ;  author  of  various 
pamphlets  and  sermons  on  the  Church,  and 
Educationin  Wales;  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Griffith,  Esq.  ;  b.  at  Aberystwyth  ;  ed.  at 
the  Grammar  School,  Swansea,  and  Queen's 
Coll.,  Cambridge;  grad.  B.A.  1841,  M.A. 
1844;  m.,  ist,  1847,  Sarah  Frances  King, 
daughter  of  William  King,  Esq.,  West  India 
merchant,  London  ;  andly,  1863,  Louisa 
Stuart,  daughter  of  Alexander  Stuart,  Esq., 
Isle  of  Bute;  s.  to  Braichycelyn  estate, 
near  Aberdovey,  in  1850;  has  issue  2  sons, 
3  daughters. 

Heir  :  John  Griffith. 

Residences  :  Rectory,  Merthyr  Tydfil  ;  and 
Braichycelyn,  near  Aberdovey. 

GRIFFITHS,  The  Eev.  John,  of  Neath,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

Was  Pres.  of  the  Council  of  the  National 
Eisteddfod  from  the  year  1860;  elected 
F.G.H.S.  in  1868;  Head  Master  of 
Cardigan  Grammar  School  1839;  P.C. 
Nantyglo  1844  ;  Rector  of  Llansannor 
1846  ;  Vicar  of  St.  Mary  Hill,  Glam.,  1847  ; 
Rector  of  Neath  and  Llantwit  1855; 
Surrogate  of  Llandaff  1855  ;  Author  of 
Sermons  and  Addresses  on  various  occa- 
sions; eldest  son  of  Thomas  Griffiths,  Esq., 
Dolygwartheg,  Cardiganshire  ;  b.  at  Park- 
noyadd,  Aberayron,  May  n,  1820;  ed.  at 
Tyglyn  and  Cardigan  Grammar  School  ; 
grad.  at  Lampeter  College  1837,  "  Harford 
Scholar,"  ist  class;  m.,  Dec.  18,  1844, 
Mary,  dau.  of  Caleb  Lewis,  Esq.,  of 
Cardigan  ;  s.  1869. 

Heir  :  His  brother  Arthur,  Rector  of  Llanelly, 
Breconshire. 

Residences  :  The  Rectory,  Neath  ;  Dolygwar- 
theg, near  Aberayron. 

Town  Address:  Thomas's  Hotel,  Charles  Street, 
Haymarket. 

Arms  :  Gu.,  a  lion  rampant  or,  in  a  true  lover's 
knot  arg.,  between  four  fleurs-de  lis,  their  stalks 
bending  to  the  centre  of  the  escutcheon  (quarter- 
ing the  Llangolman  arms). 

Crest  :  A  horse's  head  couped  ppr. 

Motto  :   "A  gad  wo  Duw,  cad  wed  ig  yw." 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  R.hys 
Griffith  ah  Einion.  Its  long  and  ancient  home  was 
Punylenglog,  in  the  county  of  Pembroke.  That 


estate  was  sold  at  the  death  of  Robert  Griffith,  who 
was  m.  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  George  Lloyd, 
Esq  ,  of  Cwmgloyn,  his  cousin-german,  A.  D.  1738. 
He  died  without  issue,  leaving  his  estate  between 
his  three  sisters,  co-heiresses.  One  of  these,  Janet, 
married  her  cousin,  Arthur  Griffiths,  Esq.,  of 
Llangolman  and  Clynderwen.  Eldest  son,  Thoma, 
Griffith  ;  next  in  descent,  John  Griffith,  eldest  son. 
who  in.  Mary,  dau.  of  Jacob  Picton,  Esq.,  of 
Pencnwc.  The  next  in  descent  was  Thomas 
Griffiths  (eldest  son),  father  of  the  present  represen- 
tative of  the  family,  JOHN  GRIFFITHS,  Doly- 
gwartheg,  co.  of  Cardigan,  and  Rector  of  Neath, 
as  above. 

Among  distinguished  members  of  this  family  in 
past  rimemay  benamed"//«w/  Gawr, "  so  surnamed 
for  defeating  the  French  king's  champion,  when  he 
got  for  his  arms—  gules,  a  lion  rampant  or,  in  a 
"true  lover's  knot,"  argent,  between  four  "fleurs- 
de-lis,"  their  stalks  tending  to  the  centre  of  the 
escutcheon  ;  Rees  ap  Rhydderch,  who  accompanied 
James  de  Audeley,  then  Lord  of  Cemaes,  as  his 
Esquire,  to  France,  in  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Third.  He  was  grandson  of  Howel  Gawr.  For 
his  gallant  services  he  got  an  augmentation  to  his 
arms,  viz.,  his  own,  counter-flowered  of  France. 

GVYN,  Howel,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn,  Glamorgan- 
shire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ; 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Brecon  ;  High  Sheriff 
for  the  co.  of  Glam.  1837-8  ;  was  M.P.  for 
Brecon  1866 — 69,  and  previously  M.P.  for 
Penrhyn  and  Falmouth  1847 — 57  ;  eldest 
son  .of  the  late  William  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of 
Abercrave,  co.  Glam.  (who  d.  1830,  by 
his  wife,  Mary  Anne  Roberts,  of  Barn- 
staple,  Devon  ;  ed.  at  the  Univ.  of  Oxford  ; 
m.,  1831,  Ellen,  only  dau.  of  John  Moore, 
Esq.,  of  Plymouth. 

Residence:  Dyffryn,  near  Neath. 

Arms  :  Sa.,  a  fesse,  or,  in  chief  a  sword,  point 
upwards,  in  base,  a  sword,  point  downwards, 
both  in  pale,  arg.  pommelled  and  hilled  or. 
[These  are  also  the  arms  of  the  co.  of  Brecon  ] 

Crest:  A  dagger,  arg.,  erect,  in  hand  prop., 
passed  through  a  boar's  head  couped,  or. 

Motto  :  Vim  vi  repellere  licet. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  derived  from  a  common  ancestor 
with  that  of  Gwynne,  formerly  of  Glanbran,  Carm., 
and  Gwynne- Holford  of  Buckland,  Brec.,  which 
comp.  It  is  traced  in  the  p;digiees  to  Brychan 
Brycheiniog,  through  Trahaearn  ap  Einion,  Lord 
of  Cwmmwd,  near  Talgarth,  who  lived  in  the 
1 2th  cent.  From  him  was  descended  in  direct  line 
through  Rhys  ap  Philip  ap  David  of  Llwynho- 
wel, — 

Rhydderch  ap  Rhys,  who  lived  early  in  the  I5th 
cent.,  and  m.  Gwenllian,  or,  asDwnn  says,  Gwen. 
dau.  and  h.  of  Howel  ap  Gryffydd  of  Trecastle, 
They  had  three  sons,  Thomas  Gwyn  ap  Rhydderch, 
David  Coch  Gwyn,  of  Glanbran,  and  Howel  Gwyn, 
of  Ystrad-Wallter.  The  second  became  founder 
of  the  Glanbran  branch  ;  the  first  that  of  the  branch 
now  represented  by  Howel  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of 

2    T 


630 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Dyffryn,  of  whom  we  here  treat.  The  name 
Gwyn  also  is  said  first  to  have  appeared  in  the 
family  with  these  sons,  who  being  of  light  com- 
plexion were  called  Gwyn,  which  means  "  white," 
or  "light  in  colour,"  to  indicate  the  peculiarity, 
and  in  the  case  of  David,  who  was  red-haired,  the 
epithet  each,  "red,"  was  added— David  Coch- 
Gwro. 

Thomas  Gwyn,  of  Trecastell,  m.  Elen,  dau.  of 
Roger  Vychan,  of  Talgarth, — (we  now  follow  a 
MS.  in  possession  of  Howel  Gwyn,  Esq.,  at 
Dyffryn,  with  a  few  additions  from  a  copy  of  a 
MS.  in  St.  Mark's  Coll.,  Chelsea),  and  had  issue 
Howel  Gwyn  of  Trecastell,  whose  wife  was 
a  dau.  of  Gwiliam  Llewelyn.  Their  son  was — 

Thomas  ap  Howel,  of  Trecastell,  who  m. 
Margaret,  dau.  and  h.  of  Edward  Games,  Esq., 
of  Newton,  Brec.  (or,  a  lion  passant  gu. ). 

Howel  Gwyn,  Esq.,  their  son,  m.  Mary,  dau. 
and  co-h.  of  James  Boyle,  Esq^.  of  the  Hay,  who 
was  a  descendant  of  Sir  John  Boyle,  Kt. ,  of  the 
order  of  St.  Michael,  of  Glyntawe,  and  m.  a  dau. 
of  Sir  Peers  Trevanion,  of  Cornwall,  Kt.  (He 
bore — arg.,  on  a  fesse  az.,  inter  2  chevronels  gu.,  3 
escallops).  Their  son, — • 

Edward  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of  Glyntawe,  m.  a  dau.  and 
h.  of  John  Llewelyn.  .  (He  bore — Quarterly, ist 
and  4th  sa.,  a  fesse  or,  between  2  daggers,  "their 
points  in  chief  and  base,"  or,  the  hilts  and 
pommels  of  the  second  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  or,  "  three 
vespertillios  or  bats  "  displayed,  az. ,  armed,  eyed, 
and  erased  gu.  We  have  here,  in  I  and  4,  the 
elements  of  the  modern  Gwyn  arms.)  They  left 
a  son.  — 

John  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of  Glyntawe  ("now  living" 
— St.  Mark's  Coll.  MS.),  who  m.  Anne,  dau.  and 
h.  of  Capt.  Thomas  Price  (or  Prees),  of  Defynog. 
St.  Mark's  MS.  adds,  "Arg.,  bulls'  head  cabossed, 
sable,  armed  or;"  meaning,  probably,  Prees's 
arms.  John  Gwyn  was  succeeded  by  his  son, — 

James  Gwyn,  A.M.,  who  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
William  Brewsfer,  Esq.,  of  Burton  Court,  Here- 
ford, and  had  a  son  named  William,  Attorney  at 
Law,  of  Neath,  whose  wife  was  Eliza,  only  dau. 
of  Hugh  Edward,  of  Blaensawdde,  whose  son,  John 
Gwyn,  was  also  Attorney  at  Law  at  Neath,  and  m. 
Priscilla,  dau.  of  Matthew  Roach,  Esq.,  of  Barn- 
staple,  Devon,  Merchant,  leaving  two  sons, 
Matthew  and  William,  and  a  dau.,  Elizabeth. 
The  second  son, — 

William  Gwyn,  of  Abercrave,  ?«.,  1799,  Mary 
Anne,  dau.  of  Edward  Roberts,  Esq.,  of  Barn- 
staple,  and  had,  with  other  issue,  HOWEL  GWYN, 
as  above. 

Note. — The  Llanelwedd  branch  of  the  Gwyns 
terminated  in  Sir  Rowland  Gwynne,  Kt  ,  of  that 
place.  One  dau.  married  into  the  Penpont  family 
(see  Williams  Penpont),  another  into  that  of  Castell- 
Madog.  (See  Price,  Castle- Madoc.) 

HILL,  Edward  Stock,  Esq.,  of  Kookwood,  Llan- 
daff,  Glamorganshire. 

Lieut.-Colonel  ist  Ad.  Brigade,  Glam.  Art. 
Volunteers;  J.  P.  for  co.  Glamorgan,  and 
bor.  of  Cardiff;  son  of  Charles  Hill,  Esq., 
late  of  Druid's  Stoke,  co.  of  Gloucester; 
b.  at  Bristol,  I4th  January,  1834;  ed.  at 
Bishop's  College,  Clifton  ;  m.,  2  6th  April, 
1866,  Fanny  Ellen,  daughter  of  the  late 


Lieut.-General  Tickell,    C.B.,  Royal    En- 
gineers ;  has  issue  2  daughters  and  2  sons. 

Residence :  Rookwood,  Llandaff. 

Town  Address:  Junior  Carlton  Club. 

Arms :  Arg.,  two  chevronels  gu.  between  two 
water-bougets  sa.  in  chief  and  a  mullet  of  the 
second  in  base,  a  crescent  for  difference 

Crest:  Adoveppr.,  collared  sa.,  one  foot  rest- 
ing on  a  mullet  arg.,  and  holding  in  the  mouth 
an  olive  branch  vert. 

Motto  :  Perseverantia  omnia  vincit. 

A'rte. — The  mansion  of  Rojkioood  was   erected  in 
1866. 

HOJIFMY,  John,  Esq.,  of  Penlline  Castle, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ; 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1843  (see  Sheriffs); 
son  of  the  late  Sir  Jer.  Homfray,  Kt.  (d. 
1833),  of  Llandaff  (Sheriff  of  co.  Glam. 
1809),  by  Mary  (d.  1830),  dau.  and  h.  of 
John  Richards,  Esq ,  of  Cardiff,  and  has, 
with  other  issue, — 

JOHN  RICH  ARDS  HOM  FRAY,  Esq.,of  P  wlly- 
wrach,  co.  of  Glam:  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for 
the  same  co. ;  ?«.,  1824,  Mary-  Elizabeth, 
eldest  surviving  dau.  of  Sir  Glynne  Earle 
Welby,  Bart.,  of  Denton  Hall,  Lincoln- 
shire, and  has  issue. 

Mr.  Homfray  s.  to  the  estates  on  the 
demise  of  his  father,  1833. 

Heir :  John  Richards. 

Rcsiience:  Penlline  Castle,  near  Cowbridge. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Homfray  family  is  of  considerable  antiquity, 
having  been  long  seated  in  Yorkshire  before  branch- 
ing off  into  Wales  and  the  east  of  England.  Their 
origin  is  said  to  be  Norman.  Their  advent  into 
Glamorganshire  was  through  the  marriage  of 
Francis  Homfray,  Esq.,  of  Wollaston  Hall,  Wor- 
cestershire, with  Miss  Hannah  Popkin,  of  Coytre- 
hen,  near  Bridgend,  and  that  of  his  son  Jeremiah 
(afterwards  "  Sir  Jeremiah  "  above  named)  with 
Mary  Richards  of  Llandaff.  For  a  notice  of 
,Penlline  Castle  see  p.  528  ante. 


JEFFREYS,  John  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of  Gelligron, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Glamorgan  and  Brecon  ; 
F.R.S. ;  F.G.S. ;  F.L.S. ;  was  ed.  for  the 
law  and  called  to  the  bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn  ; 
Recorder  of  Swansea;  son  of  the  late  John 
Jeffreys,  Esq.,  of  Swansea ;  b.  1809;  m., 
1840,  Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  Richard 
Janion  Nevill,  Esq.,  of  Llanelly,  co.  of 
Carm.,  and  sister  of  Charles  W.  Nevill, 
Esq.,  of  Westfa,  co.  of  Carm.,  and  has 
issue. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


63' 


Heir:  Howel  Gwyn. 

Residences :     Gelligron,    near    Swansea ;     25, 
Devonshire  Place,  W. 

LINEAGE. 

This  branch  of  the  family  of  Jeffreys  of  Brecon- 
shire  has  been  established  in  Swansea  and  neigh- 
bourhood for  several  generations,  and  has  taken 
a  prominent  part  in  local  affairs.  The  name  often 
occurs  among  the.  Portreeves  of  Swansea.  They 
originated  w:th  John  Jeffreys  of  Abercynrig,  Brec. , 
Sheriff  of  his  co.  1631,  and  were  afterwards  seated 
at  the  Priory,  Brecon,  of  which  place  was  Jeffrey 
Jeffreys,  Esq.,  Sheriff  o  his  co.  in  1741.  (See 
Sheriffs  of  Breconshire.) 

JENKIN,  John  Trevillian,  Esq.,  of  Swansea, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  was  Mayor 
of  the  borough  of  Swansea  1854,  1858, 
1861  ;  son  of  David  Jenkin,  of  Swansea, 
gentleman  ;  b.  at  Swansea  on  the  I2th 
October,  1809  ;  ed.  at  Swansea;  m.,  on  the 
23rd  October,  1838,  to  Annetta,  daughter 
of  David  Sanders,  Esq.,  and  Alderman  of 
Swansea. 

Residence:  The  Mirador,  Swansea. 
Crest :  A  lion  rampant. 
Motto :  Sic  modo. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  descends  on  the  mother's  side  from 
the  Holditches  of  Devonshire. 


JENKINS,  George  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Walterston 
House,  Glamorganshire. 

M.D.,  M  R.C.S.,  and  L  A.C.,  formerly  in 
practice  ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
5th  son  of  the  late  Richard  Jenkins,  Esq., 
Newport,  Monmouthshire ;  b.  at  Newport, 
December  nth,  1817;  grad.  M.D.,  Univ. 
Aberdeen,  1854;  m.,  1847,  Mary  Ann, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Thomas,  Esq., 
Surgeon  R.N.,  and  co-heiress  of  the  late 
John  Jenkins  Thomas,  Esq.,  Caercady 
House,  Lieut.  5th  Dragoon  Guards,  and 
has  issue  ;  succ.  his  uncle,  William  Jenkins, 
Esq.,  of  Walterston,  1851  ;  has  issue  a 
son  and  heir,  William  Richard. 

Heir:  William  Richard  Jenkins. 

Residence:  Walterston  House,  Glamorgan  (built 
by  Walter  de  Mapes,  Chaplain  to  Henry  I.  in 
the  twelfth  century). 

Arms  :  Arg.,  three  gamecocks  gu. 

Crest :  A  gamecock,  as  in  arms. 

Motto  :  Fe  dill  am  daro. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  descended  from  Richard  Jenkins, 
Esq.,  of  Pantynawel,  co.  Glamorgan,  who  m.  Ann, 
dau.  of  John  Carne,  Esq  ,  and  granddau.  of  Sir 


John  Carne,  Knt.  The  Jenkinses  of  Pantynawel. 
members  of  which  family  in  the  sixteenth  century 
and  subsequently  held  the  office  of  High  Sheriff  of 
Glamorgan,  were  descended  from  Trim  ap  Maen- 
arch,  who  m.  Ellen,  dau.  to  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant, 
the  last  Prince  of  Glamorgan,  and  were  of  the 
same  stock  with  the  Vaughans  of  Bredwardine, 
Hergest,  Tretower,  and  Clyro. 


JENKINS,  Kev.  John  David,  B.D.,  Aberdare, 
Glamorganshire. 

Fellow  of  Jesus  College,  Oxford  ;  Canon 
of  Pieter  Maritzburg  ;  Vicar  of  Aberdare  ; 
formerly  C.  of  St.  Paul's,  Oxford  ;  author 
of  "The  Age  of  the  Martyrs;"  son  of 
William  David  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Castellau 
Each,  Llantrisant,  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  b.  at 
Meithyr  Tydfil ;  ed.  at  Sir  Edward  Strad- 
ling's  Grammar  School,  Cowbritlge,  and 
Jesus  Coll.,  Oxon.  ;  grad.  B  A.  1850, 
M.A.  1852,  BD.,  1859;  s.  to  Castellau 
Fach  1837. 

Residence :  The  Vicarage,  Aberdare. 
Arms :  Gules,  three  chevrons  argent. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family    traces   its  descent   from  lestyn  ap 
Gwrgant,  and  bears  his  arms. 

JONES,  Robert  Oliver,  Esq.,  of  Ponmon  Castle, 
Glamorganshire. 

Stipendiary  Magistrate  for  the  borough  of 
Cardiff;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  Glamorgan  ; 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1838,  in  succession  of 
Howel  Gwyn,  Esq.  ;  elder  son  of  the  late 
Major-Gen.  Oliver  Thomas  Jones,  who 
commanded  in  the  Peninsular  war  ;  b.  1811; 
;;/.,  first,  1843,  Alicia  (d.  1851),  dau.  of 
Evan  Thomas,  Esq.  (see  Thomas  of  Llwyn- 
madoc);  secondly,  1853,  Sarah  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  John  Bruce  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn  ; 
has  by  first  wife  issue  surviving  one  son 
and  one  dau.,  Edith  Alicia.  Mr.  Jones  has 
also  a  brother,  Captain  Oliver  John  Jones, 
R.N.,  b.  1813. 

Heir:  Oliver  Henry. 

Residence:  Fonmon  Castle,  near  Cardiff. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st,  sa.,  a  chevron  arg. 
between  three  spear-heads  ppr.,  the  points  em- 
brued — Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch  ;  2nd,  a  wyvern's 
head  erased  vert.,  in  the  mouth  a  dexter  hand  gu. — 
King  Pelinor  ;  3rd,  gu.  a  chevron  ermine — Philip 
Gwys,  Lord  of  Wiston  ;  4th,  arg.,  a  stag  couchant 
gu.  attired  and  unguled  or,  in  its  mouth  a  branch ' 
vert — Matilda  of  Cower  (an  heiress). 

Crest:  A  dexter  cubit  arm  in  armour  grasping 
a  spear,  all  ppr. 

These  were  the  arms  of  Col.  Philip  Jones  (see 
lineage),  granted  him  by  George  Owen.  York 
Herald. 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


LINEAGE. 

The  founder  of  this  family  was  COL.  PHILIP 
JONES,  a  distinguished  officer  in  Oliver  Cromwell's 
army,  and  zealous  promoter  of  the  republican  cause 
against  the  Stuarts.  By  the  large  wealth  he  accu- 
mulated through  the  liberality  of  the  Protector,  he 
purchased  the  Fonmon  estate,  and  laid  a  solid  basis 
for  a  permanent  and  influential  family.  The  details 
of  his  life  have  been  brought  to  light  more  fully  by 
a  recent  memoir  drawn  up  from  authentic  sources 
by  Col.  Grant-Francis,  F.  S.A.,  in  his  Charters  of 
Swansea,  from  which  it  appears  that  Col.  Philip  I 
Jones  was  not  merely  a  political  partisan  and  sue-  I 
cessful  soldier,  but  a  man  of  the  highest  character 
for  probity  and  piety. 

Col.  Philip  Jones  was  b.  at  Swansea,  1618,  the 
son  of  David  Johnes,  who  was  son  of  Philip  John 's, 
grandson  of  John  ap  Rhys,  of  the  line  of  Bleddyn  ' 
ap  Maenarch,  Lord  of  Brecknock.  He  m.  Jane, 
dau.  of  William  Price,  F.sq.,  of  Gellihir,  in  Gower  ;  ! 
joined  the  Parliament  forces ;  was  made  Governor 
of  Swansea,  1645,  the  year  in  which  Bussey  Mansel 
of  Briton  Ferry  was  made  Commander-in-Chief  of 
the  forces  of  Glamorgan  under  General  Fairfax  ; 
cbt  lined  from  Cromwell  in  1849  Forest  Issa  on  the 
Tawe  at  a  rental  of  ^30 ;  was  the  second  on  the 
list  of  "  Commissioners  for  the  Better  Propagation 
of  the  Gospel  in  Wales  ;"  was  sent  several  times  to 
Parliament;  in  1653,  though  not  one  of  the  "six" 
summoned  from  Wales,  was  in  the  "Little  Parlia- 
ment;" in  1854  represented  Monmouthshire;  in 
1665  had  a  double  return  for  Breconshire  and  Gla- 
morganshire, but  chose  the  latter.  He  was  then 
raised  to  Cromwell's  House  of  Peers,  and  made 
Comptroller  of  the  Household.  At  the  Restoration 
he  settled  down  quietly,  was  allowed  to  remain  on 
his  estate  of  Fonmon,  and  was  confirmed  as  Gustos 
Kot,  of  his  co.  Attempts  were  made  to  prove  him 
guilty  of  peculation,  but  these  signally  failed.  He 
served  as  High  Sheriff  under  Charles  II.  (1671,  see 
Sheriffs).  He  d.  1674  at  Fonmon,  and  was  bu  led 
at  the  adjoining  church  of  Penmark.  By  his  wife, 
Jane  Price,  he  left  a  son  and  heir  (called  after 
the  Protector) 

OLIVER  JONES,  Esq.,  of  Fonmon  Castle,  Sheriff 
for  Glam.  1681,  whose  son, — 

Robert  Jones,  Esq. ,  of  Fonmon  Castle,  was  M.  P. 
for  co.  of  Glamorgan  1713 — 1715,  when  he  d.  By 
his  wife  Mary,  dau.  of  Humphrey  Edwin,  Esq  ,  of 
Llcmfihangel  (see  Thomas  of  Llanfihangel),  he  left 
a  son, — 

Robert'  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Fonmon  Castle;  Sheriff 
of  Glam.  1729  ;    m.   Mary   Forrest,   of  Minehead 
Somerset,  and  with  other  issue  left  by  her  a  son,  — 

Robert  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Fonmon  Castle.  By  his 
second  wife,  Joanna,  dau.  of  Edmund  Lloyd,  Esq  , 
of  Cardiff,  he  had,  with  other  issue- - 

1.  Robert  Jones,   Esq.,    of  Fonmon    Castle,   b. 
'773i    d-    1834.   unm.,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
nephew  (as  below). 

2.  Oliver  Thomas  Jones,   b.    1776,   entered    the 
army,    and   became   Lieut. -Gen.    under   Sir  John 
Moore  in  the  Peninsular  war   (d.   1815).      By  his 
second  wife,   Maria   Antonia  Swinburne,   he   left, 
with  one  dau.,  Rosa  Antonia,  two  sons, — 

ROBERT  OLIVER,  now  of  Fonmon  Castle  (as 
above),  and — 

Oliver  John,  Capt.  R.N. 

E  NI&HT,  Rev.,  Charles  Eumsey,  of  Tythegston 
Court,  Glamorganshire. 

Clerk;  Vicarof  MerthyrMawr, Glam  ,  187 1 ; 


formerly  Vicar  of  St.  Bride's  Major,  1843 
to  1 863 ;  Incumbent  of  Donative  of  Ewenny 
186310  1871;  Rural  Dean;  Proctor  in 
Convocation  for  the  clergy  of  the  diocese 
of  Llandaff ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan; eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Robert  Knight,  of  Tythegston  Court, 
Rector  of  Newton  Nottage  (see  Knight  of 
Newton  Court);  b.  at  Lechlade,  Glou- 
cestershire, 1817  ;  ed.  at  Wadham  Coll., 
Oxford ;  grad.  B.A.  1839,  MA.  1841; 
/#.,  ist,  1843,  Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas 
Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Bonvilston  House,  Gla- 
morganshire (she  d.  in  1848)  ;  ahdly,  1854, 
Mary  Ann  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Stacey,  M.A.,  Precentor  of  Llan- 
daff Cathedral ;  and  has  issue  3  sons  and 
3  daughters;  succ.  1854. 

Heir:  Robert  Lougher,  b.  1858. 

Residence :  Tythegston  Court,  near  Bridgend. 

Tinun  Address:  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club, 
Pall  Mall. 

Arms  :  Arg.,  3  pallets gu.,  within  a  bordure  en- 
gra'.led  sa.  ;  on  a  canton  of  the  second  a  spur  with 
rowel  downwards,  or. 

Crest :  On  a  ducal  coronet  an  eagle  displayed 
proper. 

Mot/o :  Gloria  calcar  habet. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  its  lineage  from  Francis  Knight 
(of  the  sept  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  last  Prince  of 
Glamorgan),  Alderman  and  afterwards  Mayor  ot 
the  city  of  Bristol,  to  whom  a  grant  was  made 
from  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1562  of  an  estate  at 
Congresbury,  in  the  county  of  Somerset ;  his 
descendant,  George  Knight  was  also  Mayor  of 
Bristol  in  1639.  Another  descendant,  Sir  John 
Knight,  Kt..  also  mayor  in  1663  and  1670,  was 
Member  of  Parliament  for  the  city  of  Bristol,  and 
gave  great  offence  to  the  court  party  after  the  Revo- 
lution by  his  speech  against  naturalizing  foreigners, 
or  "  Froglanders, "  as  hecalled  them  (see  Macaulay's 
History  of  England).  He  was  knighted  on  the 
occasion  of  a  royal  visit  to  Bristol ;  and  laid  the 
fotmdation  of  the  Hotwells.  His  son,  Kobert 
Knight,  Esq.,  m.,  1708,  Cecil  Turbervillot  Sutton, 
granddaughter  and  heiress  of  Richard  Lougher, 
Esq  (see  Louglicr  of  Tythegston).  His  sun, — 

Robert  Knight,  Esq.,  of  Tythegston,  succ.  in 
1732;  High  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in  1737;  m. 
Lydia,  daughter  of  John  Rogers,  D.D.,  Dean  of 
Wells  ; — her  mother  was  the  eldest  sister  of  Henry 
Hare,  last  Lord  Coleraine  of  that  family,  whose 
will,  on  his  dying  without  legitimate  issue  in  1749, 
became  the  subject  of  litigation  for  fourteen  years 
between  the  representatives  of  his  natural  daughter, 
Rose  Duplessis,  and  the  co-heiresses  at  law,  Mrs. 
Knight,  and  Ann,  wife  of  William  Bassett  of 
Miskin.  At  length,  by  a  compromise  the  real 
estates  passed  to  the  former,  and  the  personalties 
to  the  latter. 

Henry  Knight.  Esq.,  sdle  heir  of  Robert,  m. 
Catherine,  daughter  of  John  Lynch,  D.D.,  Dean 
of  Canterbury,  and  granddaughter  of  Archbishop 
Wake,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons, — 

Henry  Knight,  Esq,   who  was  High   Sheriff  in 


THE    COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


633 


1794,  Colonel  of  the  Glamorgan  Militia,  and  Vice- 
Lieutenant  of  the  county  in  1808 ;  and  Robert, 
Rector  of  Tewkesbury.  Henry  died  without  issue 
in  1825,  and  was  succeeded  at  Tytheg,ton  Court 
by  his  eldest  nephew, — 

Rev.  Robert  Knight,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Newton 
Nottage.  He  tit.  Emma,  dau.  of  Thomas  Eagle, 
Esq.,  of  Pilston,  Mon.,  and  had,  with  other 
issue, — 

REV.  CHARLES  RUMSEY  KNIGHT,  the  present 
representative  of  the  family,  as  above. 

Note. — Tythegslon  Court,  which  was  altered  from  an 
old  Gothic  mansion  to  its  present  form  in  1769,  had 
been  the  seat  of  a  long  line  of  Laughers  and  Turbcr- 
vills  in  continuous  succession.  The  estate  having 
descended  nearly  300  years  in  the  same  blood,  no 
title  appears  to  have  been  ever  made  of  it.  It  pro- 
bably vested  originally  in  the  Turbervills  by  conquest. 
No  record  is  to  be  found  among  the  family  papers 
more  ancient  than  a  copy  of  the  will  of  Richard  Tur- 
berville,  bearing  date  27th  April,  1501.  He  was 
succeeded  by  his  son  John,  upon  whose  death  in  1533 
a  long  strife — mentioned  by  Leland — arose  in  refer- 
ence to  his  numerous  estates  between  his  daughter 
Gwenllian,  m.  to  Watkin  Lougher,  and  Christopher, 
son  of  his  brother  Jenkin,  which  ended  in  1546  in  an  ar- 
bitration by  which  certain  other  manors  were  awarded 
to  Christopher  Turbervill,  and  to  Gwenllian  and  her 
son  Richard  (the  father  Watkin  being  dead)  the 
manor  of  Tythegston  and  its  appurtenances.  Thus 
the  Loughers,  who  had  for  many  generations  been 
settled  at  Sker  and  Baglan,  and  the  borough  of 
Loughor,  and  were  in  direct  descent  from  lestyn  ap 
Gwrgant,  Lord  of  Glamorgan,  became  settled  at  Tytheg- 
ston.— There  is  a  cromlech  near  the  mansion,  the  lower 
part  covered  by  a  mound  of  stones  and  earth,  the 
large  upper  slab  being  alone  visible. 


KNIGHT,  Rev.  Edward  Doddridge,  of  Nottage 
Court,  Glamorganshire. 

Rector  of  Newton  Nottaga,  and  Lord  of 
the  "  Pembroke  Manor ;  "  Rural  Dean  ; 
formerly  P.O.  of  Tredegar  (1838—1846); 
Rector  ofLlandough(i  8 16 — i858);ispatron 
of  Newton  Nottage  2  turns  out  of  3 ; 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Knight,  M.A., 
formerly  Vicar  of  Tewkesbury,  Gloucester- 
shire ;  b.  at  Tewkesbury,  Dec.,  1806;  ed. 
at  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford  ;  grad.  B.A.  1829  ; 
in.,  1837,  Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas  Place, 
Esq.,  of  Ffrood  Vale,  Neath  ;  and  has 
issue  five  daughters;  succ.  his  brother, 
Rev.  H.  H.  Knight,  B.D.,  1857. 

Residence :  Nottage  Court,  Bridgend. 

Arms  :  Arg.,  three  pallets gu.  within  a  bordure 
engrailed  sa.  ;  on  a  canton  of  the  second,  a  spur 
with  rowel  downwards  or. 

Crest:  On  a  ducal  coronet  an  eagle  displayed 
ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  its  descent  from  Icstyn  ap 
Gwrgant  on  father's  side,  and  the  celebrated  divine 
Dr.  Doddridge  on  the  mother's  side.  For  lineage, 
see  further  Knight  of  Tytkegston,  and  Lougher  of 
'j'vthegston. 


Note. — Nottage  Court — a  venerable  mansion  in  the 
Elizabethan  style — has  been  in  the  family  ever  since 
its  erection,  excepting  an  interval  of  forty  years.  It 
was  restored  by  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Knight  (the  present 
proprietor's  brother)  in  1841-6. 


LEE,  Yaughan  Manning,  Esq.,  of  Rheola,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

Was  a  Major  in  the  army  ;  J.  P.  for  the  co. 
of  Glamorgan  ;  son  of  John  Lee,  Esq  ,  of 
Dillington  Park,  Somerset,  by  Jessie,  dau. 
and  co-h.  with  her  brother,  the  late  Nash 
V.  Edwards  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Rheola 
(d.  1871),  of  John  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Llane- 
lay,  Llantrisant,  Glam.,  who,  on  inheriting 
by  the  will  of  William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  as- 
sumed the  surname  Vaughan  in  addition  to 
his  own;  b.  1836;  s.  to  the  Rheola 
property  1871. 

Residences:    Rheola,    near   Neath;     Llanelay 
Llantrisant. 

Arms  :  The  arms  of  Vaughan,  —  Sa.,  a  chevron 
arg.  between  three  boys'  heads  couped  ppr.,  a 
snake  vert  e'nwrapping  the  neck  (quartering  the 
arms  of  Lee). 

LEWIS,  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Greennu  adow,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
High  Sheriff  of  the  same  1858  ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Park, 
Glamorganshire  (d.  1838),  by  his  wife 
Mary,  dau.  of  George  Emerson,  Esq.  (she 
d.  1841);$.  1815;  s.  1838;  ;«.,  first,  Ann 
Morgan,  dau.  of  Walter  Morgan,  Esq., 
Merthyr,  and  had  issue  by  her,  who  d. 


1.  Mary  Price. 

2.  Blanche  Eliza. 

3.  HENRY. 

Secondly,  Sophia  Antoinette  Ximenes 
Gwynne,  dau.  of  Colonel  Gwynne,  Glan- 
brane  Park,  Carmarthenshire,  by  whom  he 
had  issue  —  • 

1.  Thomas  Wyndham. 

2.  Roderick  Gwynne. 

3.  Catherine  Fanny. 

4.  Gwendoline. 

5.  Wyndham  Gwynne. 

Heir:  Henry  Lewis,  b.  1847. 

Residence  :  Green  Meadow,  near  Cardiff^ 

Arms:  Quaiterly  :  1st,  sa.,  a  lion  rampant 
arg.  —  LEWIS;  2nd,  sa  ,  a  chevron  between  three 
spear-heads  az.  embrued  —  PRICE  ;  3'rd,  sa.,  a. 
chevron  between  three  fleurs-de-lis  or  ;  4th,  or, 
on  a  canton  gu.  2  lions  passant  guardant  —  LEWIS. 

Crests  :  A  lion  sejant  arg.  —  Le:vts  ;  a  lamb  or, 
bearing  a  pennon  of  St  George.  —  Price. 

Mottoes  :  "  Patria;  fidus  ;  "  "  Ofner  na  ofno 
angau." 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


LINEAGE. 

The  ancient  family  of  Lewis,  of  Van,  Llanishen, 
Newhouse,  and  Green  Meadow,  trace  direct  and 
authentic  descent  from  Gwaethfoed,  Lord  of  Cardi- 
gan and  Cibwyr  (tenth  century),  who  (according  to 
the  lolo  MSS.),  though  acknowledging  himself  a 
regulus  under  Edgar  the  English  king,  when  sum- 
moned to  meet  that  king  at  Chester  and  row  the 
royal  barge,  curtly  refused  any  answer,  and  when 
pressed  for  some  word  of  reply,  uttered  the  memor- 
able saying  which  his  numerous  descendants  in 
several  of  their  lines  have  adopted  as  their  motto, — 
' '  Fear  him  wko fears  not  death,' '  — the  independence 
and  courage  of  which  answer  struck  the  king  with 
wonder,  and  led  to  personal  acquaintance  and 
friendship.  Ivor  Bach,  Lord  of  Castell  Coch,  to 
whom  frequent  reference  has  been  made  in  the  pre- 
ceding sketch  of  Glamorgan  Annals,  was  fourth  in 
descent  from  Gwaethfoed  ;  and  Madoc  ap  Howel 
Velyn,  Lord  of  St.  Pagan's  (as  successor  of  his 
mother,  Sarah,  dau.  of  Sir  Mayo  le  Soer,  the  Nor- 
man lord  of  that  district),  was  sixth  from  Ivor  Bach. 

Edward  Lewis,  Esq. ,  of  Van,  Sheriff  of  Glamor- 
gan 1549,  1556,  and  1560  (see  Sheriffs),  the  first  of 
the  family  to  adopt  the  surname  LEWIS,  m.  Anne, 
dau.  of  Sir  William  Morgan,  Kt.,  of  Pencoed,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son,  Thomas  Le^uis, 
Esq.,  sheriff  for  the  years  1570  and  1587,  who  by 
his  first  wife,  Margaret,  dau.  of  Robert  Gamage, 
Esq.,  of  Coity  Castle  (his  second  wife  being  Cathe- 
rine, dau.  of  Sir  George  Mathew,  Kt.,  of  Radir— 
see  Mat/lew  of  Radir),  left  a  son  and  heir, — 

Sir  Edward  Lewis,  Kt.,  of  Van,  Sheriff  of  Gla- 
morgan 1602  and  1613;  knighted  1603;  bought, 
1616,  the  mansion  of  St.  Pagan's  of  William 
Herbert,  Esq.,  and  was  Lord  of  Penmark,  Carn- 
llwyd  in  Llancarvan,  &c. ;  m.  Blanche,  dau.  of 
Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Machen  (see  Morgan, 
and  Lord  Tredegar),  and  had  four  sons,  Edward, 
William,  Nicholas,  Thomas.  The  first  Sir  Edward 
Lewis,  Kt.,  of  Van,  m.  Anne,  dau.  of  Robert,  Earl 
of  Dorset,  and  widow  of  Lord  Beauchamp,  and 
founded  the  family  of  Lewis  of  Burstal,  of  Edington, 
Wilts,  and  of  Van,  Glam.  The  fourth  son, — 

Sir  Thomas  Lewis,  of  Penmark,  knighted  1628  ; 
Sheriff  of  Glam.  1629  (d.  1669),  ;«.  a  dau.  of 
Edmund  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Wenvoe  (see  Thomas 
of  Wenvoe},  and  left— besides  his  eldest  son,- Tho- 
mas, who  m.  but  d.  s.  p. ,  and  other  issue — a  second 
son, — 

Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq.,  who  became  of  Llanishen, 
deputy-sheriff  under  his  father,  Sir  Thomas  Lewis, 
1587,  and  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1615  ;  m.  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Widiam  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Nash,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son, — • 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen,  Sheriff  of 
Glamorgan  1630,  who  by  his  wife  Eleanor,  dau.  of 
Thomas  Johns,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny,  had  a  son, — 

Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq.,  his  successor  at  Llanishen, 
Sheriff  of  Glam.  1663.  He  m.  Grace,  dau.  of 
Humphrey  Wyndham,  Esq.,  of  Dunraven  Castle, 
Glam.,  and  had  a  son  and  heir, — 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen,  Sheriff  of 
Glam.  1673  and  1683  ;  m  ,  first,  Elizabeth  Van, 
by  whom  he  had  issue  Thomas,  Sheriff  of  Glam. 
1745,  who  had  a  son  Wyndham  and  two  daus.,  who 
all  d.  s.  p. 

[Note. — There  was  a  Gabriel  Lewis  of  Llanishen, 
who  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1715  (see  Sheriffs),  who 
could  not  be  the  same  with  Gabriel  Lewis,  Sheriff  for 
1663,  and  yet  we  finil  in  the  pedigrees  no  other 
Account  of  him.] 


Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanishen,  m.,  secondly 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Henry  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Pen 
Ilwyn,  Mon.,  and  had  a  second  son, — 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Newhouse,  Sheriff  of 
G'amorgan  1757;  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Morgan 
Thomas,  Esq.;  and  besides  a  second  son,  William, 
of  Green  Meadow,  or  Pentyrch,  Sheriff  of  Glam. 
1790,  who  d.  s.  p.,  left  an  eldest  son  and  heir, — 

Rev.  Wyndham  Lewis,  M.A.,  of  Newhouse, 
who  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Samuel  Price.  Esq. ,  of  Park 
and  Coity,  co.  of  Glam.,  and  left  issue,  besides 
Henry,  second  son, — 

Thomas,  eldest  son,  who  «.,  and  left  one  son, 
John,  d.  s.  p.,  and  two  daus. 

Wyndham,  third  son,  of  Green  Meadow,  M.P. 
for  Cardiff  1820  (see  Parl.  Annals');  m.,  1815, 
Mary  Anne,  dau.  of  John  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Bramford 
Speke  Devon  ;  d.  s.  p.  1838 ;  she  afterwards  m. 
Benjamin  Disraeli.  Esq.,  M.P.  (now  "  Right  Hon."), 
and  has  recently  been  cr.  "Viscountess  Beacons- 
field." 

Henry  Lewis,  Esq.  (second  son),  of  Park  and 
Green  Meadow,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  George  Emerton, 
Esq.,  and  had  issue, — 

HENRY  LEWIS,  Esq.,  now  of  Green  Meadow  (as 
above). 

Wyndham  W.  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  The  Heath,  near 
Cardiff,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Glam.  ;  in., 
first,  Annie  dau.  of  George  Overton,  Esq.  ; 
secondly,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  William  Wil- 
liams, Esq.,  of  Aberpergwm. 

Mary  Jane,  m.  to  Henry  A.  Vaughan.  Esq. 

Anne  Price,  /«.  to  George  Thomas  Clark,  Esq. 
(see  Clark  of  Dowlais  House"). 

Catherine  Price,  m.  to  George  Collins  Jackson, 
Esq.,  an  officer  in  the  army. 


LLANDAFF,  The  Eight  Rev.  Alfred  Ollivant, 
D.D.,  Bishop  of. 

Son  Of  the  late  William  Ollivant,  Esq.,  of 
Manchester;  b.  1798;  ed  at  St.  Paul's 
School  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb. ;  6th 
Wrangler,  B.A.,  and  Senior  Chancellor's 
Medallist,  1821;  M.A.  1824,  B.D.  and 
D.D.  1836  ; ;«.,  1828,  Alicia,  dau.  of  Lieut.  - 
Gen.  William  Spencer,  and  has  issue ;  was 
Vice-Prin.  of  St.  David's  Coll.,  Lampeter, 
1827 — 1843;  Reg.  Prof,  of  Divinity,  Camb., 
1843 — T  849;  consecrated  Bishop  of  Llandaff 
(reputed  the  ninety-second  in  succession — 
see  Bishops  of  Llandaff)  in  room  of  Cople- 
ston  deceased,  1849.  The  see  of  Llandaff 
has  jurisdiction  over  the  cos.  of  Monmouth 
and  Glamorgan,  excepting  the  deanery  of 
Gower  in  the  latter,  which  is  under  the  see 
of  St.  David's.  The  Bishop  of  Llandaff  is 
patron  of  sixty-five  livings,  of  the  deanery 
of  Llandaff,  the  Archdeaconries  of  Llandaff 
and  Monmouth,  the  Chancellorship  and 
Precentorship  of  the  Cathedral,  and  the 
Prebends.  Income  of  see,  ^£4,200. 

Dr.  Ollivant  is  author  of  various  Sermons, 
Lectures,  and  Charges,  and  some  Pamphlets 
on  ecclesiastical  and  ecclesiastico-political 
subjects. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


635 


Residence:  Bishop's  Court,  LlandaSf. 

Toivn  Address:  Athenaeum  Club,  S.W. 

Arms  of  the  See:  Sa ,  two  crosiers  in  saltire, 
one  or,  the  other  arg  ;  on  a  chief  az.  three  mitres 
with  labels  of  the  second. 

Note. — For  a  notice  of  the  cathedral  of  this  see,  and 
its  recent  restoration,  see  Llandaff  Cathedral.  The 
episcopal  see  of  LlandaSf  which  now  contains  215 
benefices,  had  its  origin  in  a  place  for  Christian  wor- 
ship built  at  a  very  early  period  on  the  bank  of  the 
river  Taf — most  likely  on  the  spot  where  the  cathedral 
now  stands — and  called  Llanda,  "the  church  on  the 
Taf;"  but  the  congregation  here  gathered,  and  its 
bishop,  or  minister  obtained  superintending  power 
over  the  surrounding  congregations  gathered  by  de- 
grees during  the  Roman  civil  domination  only  in  the 
fifth  century.  Dyfrig  (Dubricius)  is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  bishop.  Meurig,  King  of  Glamorgan,  has  the 
reputation  of  having  founded  the  see  and  endowed  it 
with  lands  between  the  rivers  Taf  and  Ely.  For  a 
time  Caerleon,  the  great  Roman  city,  was  considered, 
as  well  as  Llandaff,  as  the  home  of  the  see,  and 
probably  through  its  civic  importance  obtained  the 
pre-eminence  and  had  the  character,  at  least  in  after 
times,  of  primacy  of  the  British  Church.  It  lost  this 
standing  when  D.noi  (St.  David),  who  had  become  its 
bishop,  removed,  or  rather  returned  to  St.  David's. 
(See  St.  David's,  Bishop  of;  and  Llanddewi-brefi.) 

The  Bishops  of  Llandaff,  since  the  conquest  of 
Glamorgan  by  the  Normans,  are  given  elsewhere. 

LLEWELYN,  John  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  of  Penlle'r- 
gaer,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  : 
High  Sheriff  for  the  same  1835  ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Lewis  Weston  Dillwyn,  Esq., 
F.R.S.,  of  Penlle'rgaer,  sometime  M.P.  for 
the  co.  of  Glam.  (see  Parl.  Annals  of  co. 
Glam.),  and  Sheriff  for  the  same  1818; 
b.  1810;  m.,  1833,  Emma  Thomasina,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Mar- 
gan  Abbey,  co.  of  Glam.,  and  has,  with 
other  issue, — 

John  Talbot  Dilhvyn  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  now 
of  Ynysygerwn  (which  see).  See  also 
Dillwyn  of  Hendrefoilan. 

Residence:  Penlle'rgaer,  near  Swansea. 
Arms  :  Gu  ,  on  a  chevron   arg.   three   trefoils 
slipped  of  the  first. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family,  which  had  its  early  seat  in  Hereford- 
shire, is  of  the  old  Cymric  stock  of  that  part,  as  the 
name  clearly  indicates.  They  had  also  representa- 
tives seated  in  Breconshire,  whence  they  emigrated 
to  the  United  States.  A  further  notice  is  found 
under  Dillwyn  of  Hendrefoilan.  See  also  Price  of 
Penlle'rgaer,  under  "Old  and  Extinct  Families." 

LLEWELLYN,  Griffith,  Esq.,  of  Baglan  Hall, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  county  of  Gla- 
morgan ;  was  High  Sheriff  for  the  same 
1852  ;  is  patron  of  the  living  of  Aberavon- 


cum-Baglan,  Glamorganshire;  son  of  the 
late  Griffith  Llewellyn,  Esq.,  of  the  same 
place,  by  Catherine,  dau  and  h.  of  the 
late  J.  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Baglan  Hall ;  b. 
Aug.,  1806;  ed.  at  Rugby  ^School ;  m.,  Oct , 
1850,  Madelina,  eldest  daughter  of  Pascoe 
St.  Leger  Grenfell,  Esq.,  of  Maesteg  House, 
Swansea,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  co.  Glamorgan; 
s.  to  his  mother's  estate  1840. 

Residence:  Baglan  Hall,  Aberavon. 

Town  Address :  Union  Club,  Trafalgar  Square. 

Arms :  3  crosslets  azure. 

Crest :  Boar's  head. 

Motto :  Unus  et  idem. 

Note.  — The  inheritors  of  this  estate  have  been  settled 
at  Baglan  for  about  200  years  ;  but  the  date  of  erection 
of  the  present  mansion  is  not  precisely  known.  It 
has  been  restored  and  altered  in  recent  times. 


LLEWELLYN,  William,  Esq.,  of  Cjurt  Colman, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan; 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1854  (see  Sheriffs); 
Capt.  i  st.  Glam.  R.  V.;  son  of  the  late 
William  Llewellyn,  Esq.,  M.D.,  nephew  of 
late  Griffith  Llewellyn,  Esq..  of  Baglan 
Hall;  b.  1820;  m.,  1844,  Eleanor  Emma, 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Knight,  A.M., 
of  Tythegston  Court,  Rector  of  Newtoi 
Nottage  (see  Knight  of  Tythegston  Court), 
by  Emma,  dau.  of  Thomas  Eagles,  Esq.,  of 
Pilston,  Mon.,  and  has  issue. 

Residence :  Court  Colman,  near  Bridgend. 

LLEWELYN,  John  Talbot  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  Ynys- 
y-gerwn,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  county  of  Gla- 
morgan ;  son  of  John  Dillwyn  Llewelyn, 
Esq.,  of  Penlle'rgaer,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for 
Glamorganshire,  and  Sheriff  for  the  same 
1835  (see  Dillwyi^Llewelyn  of  Penlle'rgaer); 
b-  at  Penlle'rgaer,  May  26,  1836;  ed.  at 
Eton  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford  ;  grad. 
M.A.  1859;  m.,  May  7th,  1861,  to  Caroline 
Julia  Hicks  Beach,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late  Sir  Michael  Hicks  Beach,  Bart.,  M.P., 
of  Williamstrip  Park,  Gloucestershire  ;  has 
issue  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Residence :  Ynysygerwn,  near  Neath. 
Arms:  Gu.,   on  a  chevron  arg.  three  trefoils 
slipped  of  the  first. 

Crest:  A  stag's  head  couped  ppr. 
Motto :  Craignez  honte. 

LLOYD,  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  CilybebyU,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan;  son  of  the 


636 


GL  AMORGANSHI  RE. 


late  Francis  E.  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cilybebyll 
(who  assumed  the  surname  Lloyd  on  in- 
heriting at  the  death  of  his  mother),  son  of 
Henry  Leach,  Esq.,  of  Milford  and 
Cilybebyll,  and  his  wife,  Mary  Brand,  j 
dau.  of  John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Brawdy,  in 
the  co.  of  Pembroke,  in  whose  right  Cily- 
bebyll came  to  the  Leach  family;  b.  1838; 
m.,  1864,  Frances  Harriet,  dau.  of  S.  G. 
Paidon,  Esq.,  of  Tinerara,  Ireland,  and 
has  issue. 

Residence:  Cilybebyll,  near  Neath. 

MORGAN,  Evan,  Esq.,  St.  Helen's,  Glamorgan- 
shire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  : 
was  Capt.  in  the  R.  Artillery,  and  served 
under  Wellington  in  the  Peninsular  war; 
was  Lieut.  Col.  of  the  Royal  Glam.  Artillery 
Militia,  and  is  still  Hon.  Colonel  of  the 
same  ;  was  Chairman  of  the  first  Swansea 
Dock  Company;  son  of  the  late  John 
Morgan,  Esq. ;  s.  on  the  death  of  his  elder 
brother  John,  unm.,  a  General  in  the  Indian 
Army ;  a  younger  brother,  Thomas  Morgan, 
was  Capt.  R.N.;  m.,  first,  a  dau.  of  Admiral 
Cheshyre,  by  whom  he  had  issue  three 
sons  (all  officers  in  the  army)  and  two  daus.; 
secondly,  Miss  Winthrop,  eldest  dau.  of 
Admiral  Winthrop.  Col.  Morgan's  eldest 
son,  Jeffrey,  served  in  the  Abyssinian  war,, 
was  in  command  of  the  Engineers  at 
the  storming  of  King  Theodore's  strong- 
hold, and  was  spoken  of  in  warm  terms  for 
his  bravery  in  the  general  orders.  He  lies 
buried  in  African  soil,  but  a  monument  has 
been  erected  to  his  memory  in  St  Mary's 
Church,  Swansea. 

Residence :  St.  Helen's,  Swansea. 
Town  Address:  Junior  United  Service  Club. 
Anns:    Sa. ,   a    chevron   arg.    between   three 
spear-heads  imbrued— BLEDDYN  AP  MAENARCH. 

LINEAGE. 

The  arms  borne  by  the  Morgans  indicate  descent 
from  Bleddyn  ap  Maenarch,  Lord  of  Brecknock 
in  the  twelfth  century. 


MORGAN,   Hon.    Godfrey    Charles,   Euperra 
Castle,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth, 
and  J.  P.  for  cos.  of  Glamorgan  and 
Brecon  ;  M.  P.  for  Breconshire  since  1858; 
was  Capt.  ifth  Lancers,  served  in  Crimean 
war,  and  received  Crimean  medal  and 
clasps  and  Turkish  war  medal;  is  Major 
of  Royal  Gloucestershire  Yeomanry  Hus- 


sars ;  eldest  surviving  son  of  Charles 
Morgan,  first  Baron  Tredegar,  of  Tredegar 
Park,  Mon.,  and  Ruperra  Castle,  Glam., 
by  Rosamond,  dau.  of  Gen.  Godfrey  Basil 
Mundy ;  b.  1830  ;  ed.  at  Eton  ;  is  unm. 

Residences :  Ruperra  Castle,  near  Cardiff;  and 
Tredegar  Park,  near  Newport,  Mon. 

Town  Address :  Carlton  Club ;  Army  and 
Navy  Club. 

Anns :  See  Lord  Tredegar. 

LINEAGE. 

For  the  descent  of  this  ancient  Cymric  family  see 
Tredegar,  Baron,  of  Tredegar  Park. 


MORRIS,  George  Byng,  Esq.,  of  Sketty,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

Is  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan ;  second  son  of  the  late  Sir  John 
Morris,  Bart ,  of  Sketty  Park,  and  Hon. 
Lucy  Juliana,  dau.  of  John,  5th  Viscount 
Torrington  ;  b.  25th  March,  1816,  at  Bryn, 
Swansea;  m.,  23rd  October,  1852,  Emily 
Matilda,  sole  dau.  of  C.  H.  Smith,  Esq.,  of 
Gwernllwynwith  and  Derwen-Fawr,  Gla- 
morganshire, and  has  issue  6  sons  and  4 
daughters,  the  eldest  son  being  Robert, 
b.  1853. 

Residence:  Danygraig,  Bridgend. 

Arms:  Sa.,  on  a  saltire  engrailed,  ermine,  a 
bezant  charged  with  a  cross  couped  gu. 

Crest:"  A  lion  rampant  or,  charged  on  the 
shoulder  with  a  cross  couped  gu.,  within  a  chain 
in  form  of  an  arch.  or. 

Motto :  Scuto  fidei. 

LINEAGE. 

For  the  genealogy  of  this  family  see  under  Sir 
John  Armine  Morris,  Bart.,  of  Sketty  Park. 

Note. — The  co.  of  Glamorgan  has  two  places  of 
considerable  note  and  antiquity,  called  Danygraig 
('"under  the  rock"),  and  both  in  the  vicinity  of  rocky 
eminences — the  residence  of  Byng  Morris  being  one, 
and  Danygraig,  situated  between  Neath  and  Swansea, 
near  the  Shore,  the  home  of  a  branch  of  the  Popkins 
and  the  Thomases,  in  the  I7th  and  i8th  centuries, 
being  the  other.  At  Danygraig,  Bridgend.  some 
interesting  Roman  or  Romano-British  antiquities 
were  a  few  years  ago  discovered.  "  In  removing  a 
bank  in  order  to  improve  the  grounds  in  the  year 
1850,  a  coin  of  a  Roman  empress,  much  worn,  but 
distinguishable  by  the  head-dress,  was  dug  up. 
Pieces  of  stucco  with  signs  of  a  diamond  pattern,  &c. , 
were  also  found.  Tradition  speaks  of  the  site  of  an 
old  house  near  the  Ridge,  under  the  large  elm  under 
which  these  things  were  discovered.  It  was  on  the 
left,  or  north  side  of  the  occupation  road,  which  con- 
tinued from  the  main  road  towards  the  foot  of  the 
Craig,  and  then  joined  Bistil  Lane,  long  since  taken 
into  the  fields.  The  Rhwsted,  or  '  house-stead.'  was 
the  name  of  the  old  barn  close  at  hand"  (Knight's 
Newton  Nottage}.  See  also  p.  523,  ante. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


637 


MORRIS,  Sir  John  Armine,  Bart.,  of  Sketty 
Park,  Glamorganshire. 

A  baronet  of  the  United  Kingdom,  cr. 
1806  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  the  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan ;  sometime  an  Officer  in  the  6oth 
Rifles ;  is  patron  of  the  living  of  Morriston, 
near  Swansea ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Morris,  Bart.,  and  the  Hon.  Lady 
Morris,  dau.  of  5th  Viscount  Torrington  ; 
b.  at  Bryn  House,  near  Swansea,  July  13, 
1813  ;  *  ed.  at  Westminster  School,  and 
Sandhurst  College;  ;«.,  December,  1847, 
Catherine  Ann,  dau.  of  Ronald  Macdonald, 
Esq.  ;  s.  to  title  as  3rd  baronet,  and  to  the 
estates,  February,  1855  ;  has  issue — 

1.  ROBERT  ARMINE,  b.  1848. 

2.  John,  b.  1850. 

3.  George  Cecil,  b.  1852. 

4.  Arthur  Ronald,  b.  1855. 

5.  Herbert,  b.  1858. 
And  four  daughters. 

Heir:  Robert  Armine  Morris. 

Residences:  Sketty  Park,  and  Havod,  near 
Swansea  ;  Marina  Villa,  Mumbles. 

Town  Address:  Carlton  Club. 

Arms:  Sable,  on  a  saltier  engrailed  ermine,  a 
bezant  charged  with  a  cross  couped  gu. 

Crest:  Within  a  chain  in  the  form  of  an  arch 
a  lion  rampant  or,  charged  on  the  shoulder  with  a 
cross  couped  as  in  the  arms. 

Motto ;  Scuto  fidei. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  its  descent  maternally  from 
Owaiu  Gwynatd,  Prince  of  North  Wales  (i2th 
cent.),  through  Cadwgan  Fawr,  and  the  Parrys  of 
Neuadd  Trefawr,  co.  of  Cardigan,  one  of  whom 
was  Stephen  Parry,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Cardigan  A. D. 
1714  —  1727  (see  Members  of  Parl.  for  Cardigan), 
and  paternally  from  the  Morrises  of  Bishop's  Castle, 
Salop.  It  has  intermarried  with  the  Musgraves  of 
Cumberland,  and  the  Byngs,  Viscounts  Torrington. 
Sir  John  Morris,  Kt.,  temp.  Henry  VII.,  was  of 
this  stock. 

JOHN  MORRIS.  Esq.,  of  Clasemont,  near  Swansea ; 
b.  1745;  cr.  a  barooet  1806;  m.  Henrietta,  dau. 
of  Sir  Philip  Musgrave,  Bart.,  of  Eden  Hall, 
Cumberland,  by  whom  he  had,  with,  several  daus., 
a  son  and  heir,  —  • 

Sir  John  Morris,  2nd  Bart,  of  Clasemont ;  b. 
'775  !  '"••  1809,  Lucy  Juliana,  daa.  of  John  Byng, 
5th  Viscount  Torrington,  and  had  issue,  besides 
several  daus., — 

j.  JOHN  ARMINE,  the  present  and  3rd  Baronet 
of  Sketty  Park  (as  above). 

2.  George  Byng  (see  Byng  Morris  of  JDanygraig}. 

3.  Frederick,  an  officer  in  the  R.N. 

4.  Charles  Henry,  C.B.,  b.  1824,  a  Col.  in  the 
Royal  Artillery. 

Note. — Sketty  Park,  formerly  belonging  to  Lord 
Broke,  descendant  of  Earl  Warwick,  conqueror  of 
the  kingdom  of  Glamorgan,  was  enclosed  with  a  wall 
by  the  grandfather  of  the  present  baronet.  Several 
of  the  ruined  castles  in  Gower  were  built  by  the 
above-mentioned  Earl  of  Warwick.  Sketty  Park 
was  built  about  1820 — partially  with  the  Bath  and 


Portland  stone,  the  remains  of  the  former  Mansion 
House  at  Clasemont,  in  the  same  county,  erected  in 
1770  by  the  grandfather  of  the  present  baronet, 
whose  father  was  the  first  of  the  family  who 
removed  from  North  to  South  Wales,  and  first 
resided  at  Tredegar,  Mon.  The  etymology  of 
"Sketty"  is  probably  is-Kelty,  "  lower  Ketty." 

NICHOLL,  Iltyd,  Esq.,  of  the  Ham,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

J.  P.  for  Monmouthshire  and  Glamorgan- 
shire ;  Sheriff  of  Monmouthshire  1831  ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Iltyd  Nicholl, 
D.D.,  Rector  of  Treddington,  Worcester- 
shire ;  b.  at  Treddington  igth  July,  1785  ; 
ed.  at  St.  Paul's  School,  London;  ;«.,  nth 
August,  1807,  Eleanor,  only  child  of  George 
Bond,  Esq. ;  of  Newland,  Gloucestershire, 
and  Court  Blethin,  Monmouthshire  (she 
</.  1850),  and  had  issue  three  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

Heir:  George  Whitlock  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of 
Court  Blethin,  co.  of  Mon.,  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of 
Mon. 

Residences:  The  Ham,  Glamorganshire;  Court 
Blethin,  Monmouthshire. 

Arms :  Sable,  three  pheans  argent. 

Crest:  A  battlemented  tower  surmounted  by  a 
Cornish  chough  proper. 

Motto :  Duw  a  digon. 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Nichotl  have  been  seated  at  The 
Ham  nearly  300  years,  and  were  found  even 
earlier  than  that  period  fas  well  as  later)  at  Llan- 
twit  Major,  where  resided  John  Nicholl,  whose 
will  was  proved  1599,  and  who  bore  the  arms  still 
borne  by  the  family,  viz.,  Sa.,  3  pheons  ar°.  His 
son  was  called  Iltyd— a  name  which  has  been 
continued  at  frequent  intervals  ever  since.  From 
Iltyd  Nicholl,  of  The  Ham,  3rd  son  of  Iltyd  gr. 
grandson  of  the  above  John  Nicholl,  has  descended 
the  long  line  of  the  Ham  family.  His  mother  was 
Cecil,  dau.  of  Edmond  Turbervill,  Esq.,  of  Llan- 
twit  Major.  He  left  a  son,  — 

Iltyd  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of  The  Ham,  6.  1635,  who 
m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Morgan  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Framp- 
ton,  and  had  issue — 

Iltyd  Nicholl,  of  The  Ham,  Clerk,  Rector  of 
Llanmaes,  who  by  his  wife,  Susannah,  dau.  and 
co-h.  of  John  Whitlock,  Esq.,  of  Bingham,  Somer- 
set, had,  besides  John,  3rd  son,  founder  of  the 
Merthyr  Mawr  branch  (see  Nicholl  of  Mertkyr 
Mawr),  an  eldest  son  and  heir  — 

Whitlock  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of  The  Ham  ;  J.  P. 
and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glam.  ;  Sheriff  of  the 
same  co.  1746.  He  m  ,  1741,  Anne,  dau.  and 
co-h.  of  John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Penlline,  "by  whom 
he  had  14  children.  6  sons  and  8  daus ,  of  whom 
eight  only  survived  their  parents,  and  three  sons 
and  one  dau.  only  had  issue."  (D  Jenkin's  MS.) 
The  eldest  son  was — 

Rev.  Htyd  Nicholl,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Treddington, 
who  was  the  progenitor  of  a  large  family.  His 
eldest  son  and  h.  being — 

I.  ILTYD  NICHOLL,  Esq.,  now  of  The  Ham  (as 
above)  and  his  sixth  son  being — 

6.  Rev.  Robert  Nicholl,  M.A.,  late  of  Dimlands 
(see  Nicholl-Carne  of  Dimlands  and  St.  Donates 
Castle}. 


638 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


NICHOLL,  John  Cole,  Esq.,  of  Merthyr  Mawr, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Right  Hon.  John  Nicholl, 
D.C.L.,  M.P.  for  Cardiff  Boroughs  1832— 
1852,  and  Judge  Advocate-General,  1841 
(see  Parl.  Annals,  Glum.);  b.  1823;  ed. 
at  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxford ;  m.t  1860,  Mary  De  la 
Beche,  dau.  of  L.  LI.  Dillwyn,  Esq.,  M.P. 
of  Hendrefoilan,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  and 
has  issue. 

Residence:  Merthyr  Mawr,  near  Bridgend. 
Town  Address :  Carlton  Club. 
A  rms :  Sa. ,  three  pheons  arg. 
Crest:  On  a  tower,  a  Cornish  chough,  wings 
expanded,  ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  a  junior  branch  of  that  of  Nicholl 
of  Ham,  in  the  same  co.  (see  Nicholl  of  Ham,  and 
Nicholl-Carneof  St.  Donafs  Castle}.  John  Nicholl, 
Esq.,  of  Llanmaes,  third  son  of  the  Rev.  Iltyd 
Nicholl,  of  Ham,  Rector  of  Llanmaes,  was  grand- 
father of  Sir  John  Nicholl,  Kt.,  of  Merthyr  Mawr, 
whose  son,  Sir  John  Nicholl,  Kt.  (above  named), 
M.P.  for  Cardiff;  m.  Jane  Harriet,  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam 
Abbey,  and  had,  with  other  issue, — 
JOHN  COLE  NICHOLL,  now  of  Merthyr  Mawr. 


PEABSON,  John  Bichard,  Esq.,  of  Craig  yr 
Haul,  Glamorganshire. 

Late  Captain  Royal  Artillery;  J.  P.  for  co. 
of  Monmouth ;  son  of  Rev.  J.  Pearson,  of 
Herongate,  Brentwood,  Essex,  Rector  of 
Little  Warley  and  East  Horndon,  Essex, 
Rural  Dean,  &c. ;  b.  at  Bognor,  Sussex, 
i6th  April,  1833;  ed.  at  Rugby;  m.,  ist, 
1854,  Charlotte,  dau.  of  Col.  Crommelin, 
(she  d.  1856);  2nd,  1861,  Cecile,  dau.  of 
the  late  George  Charles  Holford,  Esq ,  of 
New  Park,  Wilts,  and  granddaughter  of  the 
late  Josiah  Holford,  Esq.,  of  Cilgwyn,  Car- 
marthenshire. 

Residence:  Craig  yr  Haul,  Castleton,  Cardiff. 

Town  Address :  Junior  United-Service  Club. 

Arms:  Arg.,  semee  of  billets,  on  a  pile  az. 
three  horses'  heads  ppr. 

Crest:  A  horse's  head  couped  ppr.,  semee  of 
billets  and  murally  gorged. 

Motto :  In  Deo  spes. 

PENEICE,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Kilvrough,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan;  served  the 
office  of  High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  in  1867  ; 
is  patron  of  the  livings  of  listen,  Pennard, 
and  Langennith,  in  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
2nd  son  of  the  late  John  Penrice,  Esq.,  of 


Great  Yarmouth,  in  the  co.  of  Norfolk ; 
b.  6th  April,  1820,  at  Hopland  Hall,  near 
Gt.  Yarmouth;  ed.  at  Eton;  m,,  loth  June, 
1852,  Louisa,  the  2nd  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
George  Ernest  Howman,M.A.,of  Barnesley 
Rectory,  Gloucestershire  ;  succ.  his  uncle, 
Thomas  Penrice,  Esq.,  of  Kilvrough  (Sheriff 
for  Glam.  1836  ;  Capt.  in  i6th  Lancers, 
and  served  under  Wellington),  in  the  year 
1846  ;  has  issue  two  daughters. 

Residence:  Kilvrough,  near  Swansea. 

Arms:  Per  pale  indented  arg.  and  gu.,  in 
canton  a  wolf's  head  couped  at  the  neck  sa. 

Crest:  Two  wings  elevated,  charged  with  two 
mullets  of  six  points  in  pale  gu. 

Motto:  Tuto  et  celeriter  (above  crest) ;  Justus 
et  propositi  tenax  (under  shield). 

LINEAGE. 

Mr.  Penrice  of  Kilvrough  traces  from  an  ancient 
family  of  the  same  name  which  has  been  for  many 
generations  located  in  the  county  of  Worcester, 
the  eldest  branch  of  which  family  was  seated  at 
Penrice  Castle,  near  Swansea,  in  the  lordship  of 
Gower  and  county  of  Glamorgan,  a  lordship  which 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Mansels  of  Margam 
through  the  marriage  of  Isabella  Penrice  with  a 
member  of  that  family.  See  Mansel  of  Margam, 
Penrice  Castle,  &c. 

Note. — Kilvrough — one  of  the  many  places  of  note 
in  the  historic  district  of  Gower  -is  well  known  as 
the  old  abode  of  the  Dawkin  family,  the  most  cele- 
brated of  whose  members  was  Col.  Rowland  Dawkin, 
M.P.,  a  distinguished  officer  in  the  Cromwellian  army. 
See  ante  Dawkin  of  Kilvrough,  and  Memoir,  by  Col. 
Francis,  F.S.A. 


PEICHAED,  William,  Esq.,  of  Crofta  House, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  son  of  the 
late  William  Prichard,  Shipowner  of  Cardiff; 
b.  1811  ;  m.  Miss  Bradley  of  Cardiff;  has 
issue  three  daughters,  co-heiresses. 

Residence:  Crofta  House,  near  Llantrisant. 


PETCE,  John  Bruce,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Knight,  Esq., 
of  Llanblethian,  in  the  same  co.,  by  Mar- 
garet, dau.  of  William  Bruce,  Esq.,  of  that 
place,  whose  surname,  and  subsequently 
that  of  Pryce,  he  adopted  (see  Lineage)  ; 
b.  23rd  July,  1784;  /;/.,  ist,  1807,  Sarah 
(it.  1842),  dau.  of  Rev.  Hugh  Williams 
Austin,  a  resident  of  Barbadoes  ;  2ndly, 
1844,  Alicia  Grant,  dau.  of  William  Bushly, 
Esq.,  of  London ;  had  issue  by  first  wife 
five  sons  and  seven  daus.  The  sons  are — 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


639 


i.  John  Wyndham,  barrister-at-law,  m., 
and  had  issue ;  2.  Henry  Austin,  bar- 
rister-at-law, now  of  the  Privy  Council 
and  Secretary  of  the  Home  Department 
(see  Bruce  of  Dyffryn) ;  3.  Rev.  William 
Bruce,  M.  A.,  Canon  of  Llandaff,  and  Rector 
of  St.  Nicholas ;  4.  Robert,  a  col.  in  the 
army  ;  5.  Lewis  Knight. 

Residence :  Dyffryn,  St.  Nicholas,  near  Cardiff. 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Bruce  Pryce  of  Dyffryn  traces 
maternally  to  an  ancient  Glamorgan  stock,  the 
Lewises  of  Van  and  Llanishen,  of  the  lineage  of 
Ivor  Bach  of  Castell  Coch,  living  in  the  twelfth 
century,  of  whom  Giraldus  Cambrensis  (/tin.,  VI.) 
gives  account  (see  Ivor  Bach).  Sir  Thomas  Lewis, 
Knt.,  of  Llanishen,  had  a  son,  Gabriel  Lewis,  Esq., 
of  the  same  place,  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1615 
(see  Le-Mis  of  Green  Mtadaiu),  whose  dau.  Jane  m. — 

William  Bruce,  Esq.,  of  Llanblethian,  co.  of 
Glam.,  and  had  issue  a  dau.  and  only  surviving 
child,  Margaret  Bruce,  who  m. — 

John  Knight,  Esq.,  of  Llanblethian,  and  had 
issue  besides  3  daus. — 

1.  JOHN,  now  of  Dyffryn  as  above,  who,  instead 
ofhis  own  surname  of  Knight,  adopted  his  mother's 
maiden  surname,  Bruce,  and  subsequently,  on  in- 
heriting Dyffryn  under  the  will  of  Thomas  Pryce, 
Esq.,  who  made  him  heir  in  case  of  the  death  with- 
out issue  of  his  own  daughter,  Mrs.  Grey,  (d.  1837, ) 
wife  of  the  Hon.  W.  Booth  Grey,  that  of  Pryce. 

2.  William  Bruce  Knight,  Chancellor,  and  after- 
wards Dean  of  Llandaff,  d.  1845. 

3.  James  Lewis,  Knight,  afterwards  Lord  Justice 
Sir  J.  L.  Knight  Bruce,  d.  1867. 

RICHARDS,  Evan  Matthew,  Esq.,  of  Brook- 
lands,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
M.P.  for  Cardiganshire,  elected  1868; 
was  Mayor  of  Swansea  1856  and  1863  ;  son 
of  the  late  Mr.  R.  Richards,  of  Swansea  ; 
b.  at  Swansea,  January,  1821  ;  m.  Maria, 
daughter  of  James  Sloane,  Esq. ;  has  issue 
six  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Heir:  William  Frederic. 
Residence:  Brooklands,  Swansea. 
Town  Address :  3,  Kensington  Gate ;  Reform 
Club. 

RICHARDSON,  James  Coxon,  Esq.,  of  Glan'rafon, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan;  F.G.S.,&c., 
&c. ;  fourth  son  of  John  Richardson,  Esq., 
J.  P.  of  Swansea,  and  brother  of  J.  Crow 
Richardson,  Esq.,  of  Pantygwydir,  Glam., 
and  Glanbrydan  Park,  Carm. ;  b.  at  South 
Shields,  co.  of  Durham,  1817  ;  ed.  at  Myrtle 
Hall  School,  Gloucestershire ;  m.,  first, 
Hannah  Mary,  second  dau.  of  Thomas 


Barker,  Esq.,  J.  P.,  &c.,  of  Rosella  Hall, 
Northumberland  ;  secondly,  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  John  Nichol,  Esq.,  of  London,  the 
adopted  child  of  the  Rt  Hon.  Sir  John 
Pirie,  Bart. ;  thirdly,  Georgiana  Skirrow, 
second  dau.  of  John  Nelson,  Esq.,  of 
Doctors'  Commons  and  of  Seymour  Street, 
Hyde  Park,  London  ;  has  issue — 

By  second  mar,  John  Pirie,  /'.  1848. 

By  third  mar.,  three  sons  and  two 
daus. : — 

Nelson  Moore,  b.  1855. 

Ida  Caroline  Frances,  b.  1856. 

Horace  Grant,  b.  1858. 

Evelyn  Georgina,  b.  1860. 

Lionel  James,  b.  1862. 

Residence  :  Glan'rafon,  near  Swansea. 

Arms  :  Sa.,  on  a  chief  arg.  three  lions'  heads 
erased,  ermines,  langued  gu. 

Crest :  On  a  mural  crown  or,  a  lion's  head 
erased  of  the  arms. 

Motto  :  Pretio  prudentia  prastat. 

RICHARDSON,  John  Crow,  Esq.,  of  Pantygwy- 
dir, Glam.,  and  Glanbrydan  Park,  Carm. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  and  for  the 
bor.  of  Swansea;  was  Mayor  of  Swansea 
1 860- 1,  and  for  several  years  Captain  and 
Acting  Commandant  of  the  3rd  Glamorgan 
Rifle  Volunteers  ;  eldest  son  of  John  Rich- 
ardson, Esq.,  J.  P.,  of  Swansea,  and  of 
Whitby  Lodge,  Northumberland ;  b.  at 
Leith,  Jan.  30,  1810  ;  m.,  mst,  6th  Nov., 
1837,  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Walters,  of  Swansea  ;  secondly,  Aug.  23, 
1848,  Eliza  Fletcher,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  John  Ross,  of  Crawford,  Lanark- 
shire ;  purchased  the  Pantygwydir  estate 
1860  ;  has  issue  by  first  marriage — 

John  Crow,  only  son,  b.  26th  Feb.,  1842  ; 
m.  Theresa  Eden  Pearce  Serocold,  and  has 
issue  Alfred  John  and  Ernald  Edward. 

Amy,  b.  I7th  Sept.,  1840,  ;//.,  June  i, 
1864,  George  Pearce  Serocold,  Esq.,  of 
Rodborough  Lodge,  Gloucestershire,  whose 
father  was  Dean  of  Ely  and  Principal  of 
Jesus  Coll.,  Cambridge. 

Heir  :  John  Crow  Richardson. 

Residences :  Pantygwydir,  near  Swansea ;  Glan- 
brydan Park,  Carmarthenshire. 

Arms  (granted  1615) :  Sa.,  on  a  chief  arg.  three 
lions'  heads,  erased,  ermines,  langued  gu. 

Crest :  On  a  mural  crown  or,  a  lion's  head  of 
the  arms. 

Motto  :  Pretio  prudentia  praestat. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  common  origin  with  that  from 
which  Sir  Thomas  Richardson,  Kt.,  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Exchequer,  was  descended,  and  which 
is  extensively  seated  in  the  cos.  of  Durham  and 
Northumberland. 


640 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


EOMILLY,  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Porth  Kerry, 
Glamorgansliife. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ; 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1869  ;  younger  son  of 
the  late  Sir  Samuel  Romilly,  Kt.,  by  Anne, 
dau.  of  Francis  Garbett,  Esq.,  of  Knill 
Court,  co.  of  Radnor,  and  brother  of  Lord 
Romilly,  Master  of  the  Rolls;  b.  1804; 
ed.  at  Trinity  Hall,  Cambr. ;  m.,  1830, 
Sophia,  dau.  of  Alexander  Marcet,  Esq., 
M.D. ;  was  M.P.  for  Ludlow  1833-4;  was 
Chairman  of  Audit  Board  of  Public 
Accounts. 

Residence :  Porth  Kerry,  near  Cowbridge. 

7i>:c«  Address :   14,  Stratton  Street,  W. 

Arms:  Arg.,  in  base  a  rock  with  nine  projec- 
tions, from  each  of  which  issuant  a  lily,  all  ppr.  ; 
on  a  chief  az.,  a  crescent  between  two  mullets  of 
the  first. 

Crest:  On  a  wreath  a  crescent  arg, 

EOUS,  Col.  George  Grey,  of  Courtyrala,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

•  Entered  the  army  and  became  Lieut.-Col. 
of  Grenadier  Guards  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for 
the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  Sheriff  for  same  co. 
1860  ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Bates 
Rous  of  Courtyrala,  J.  P.,  D.  L.,  and 
Sheriff  (in  1817)  of  the  co.  of  Glamorgan, 
by  his  wife  Charlotte  Gwendoline,  dau.  of 
Sir  Robert  Salusbury,  Bart.,  of  Llanwern, 
Mon. ;  b.  1818;  is  unm. 

Residence :  Courtyrala,  near  Cardiff. 
Town  Address  :  Guards'  Club. 
Arms  :  Or,  an  eagle  displayed  az.,  pruning  the 
wing,  foot  and  beak  gu. 
Crest :  A  dove  arg. 
Motto  ;  Vescitur  Christo. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Roll  of  Battle  Abbey  contains  the  name 
Rous,  and  the  name  takes  in  some  records  the  form 
Rufus.  This  family  is  said  to  descend  from  this 
knight  in  the  Conqueror's  train,  whose  full  desig- 
nation was  Ranalphus  le  Rufus.  Before  the 
settlement  of  the  family  in  Wales  through  the  pur- 
chase of  Piercefield  (Mon.)  by  Thomas  Kous,  Esq. 
(d.  1737),  they  had  been  successively  seated  at 
Edmerstone  and  Halton  in  Devonshire.  Of  their 
number  was  the  celebrated  frauds  Rouse,  translator 
of  the  Psalms  (still  used  by  the  Scotch  Kirk),  Mem- 
ber for  Truro,  or  Devonshire,  of  the  Little  Parlia- 
ment. Provost  of  Eton,  and  Speaker  of  Cromwell's 
Parliament  (Carlyle ;  and  Roll  of  Battle  Abbey, 

P-  94). 

Thomas  Rous,  Esq.,  of  Piercefield,  sonof  Thomas 
Thomas  Rous  just  named,  sold  that  estate  to  the 
Morris  family.  He  »/.  Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas 
Bates,  Esq.,  and  had,  besides  his  eldest  son 
William,  who  d.  unm.,  Thomas  Bates,  George, 
and  Robert. 

Thomas  Bates  Rous,  Esq.,  who  resided  in  Eng- 


land, and  was  sometime  M.P.  for  Worcester,  d. 
s.  p.  in  1800,  and  was  s.  by  his  brother, — 

George  Rous,  Esq.,  of  London,  Barrister-at-law, 
M.P.  for  Shaftesbury,  &c.  His  eldest  son, — 

Thomas  Bates  Rons,  the  first  of  Courtyrala, 
Sheriff  of  co.  of  Glamorgan  1817;  m.,  1811,  a 
dau.  of  Sir  Robert  Salusbury,  Bart.,  and  had  with 
several  daus.  a  son  and  heir, — 

GEORGE  GREY  Rous,  now  of  Courtyrala  (as 
above). 

Note.  —  Courtyrala  is  a  manor  of  considerable  an- 
tiquity, having  its  name  from  Sir  Simon  de  Knyle, 
Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Wrinston  and  Michaelston, 
Glam. ,  whose  place  of  residence  and  feudal  rule  was 
subsequently  called  Court-y-Rayle,  corrupted  into 
"Courtyrala."  See  ante,  De  Rayle  oj  Wrmston. 


SALMON,  William,  Esq.,  of  Penlline  Court, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
only  son  of  the  late  W.  Salmon,  Esq.,  of 
Petistree  House,  Suffolk,  by  Sarah,  dau.  of 
Denny  Cole,  Esq.,  of  Sudbury  Priory, 
Suffolk;  b.  1790;  ;«.,  1816,  Hester,  elder 
dau.  and  co-h.  of  Reynold  Thomas  Deere, 
Esq.,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.,  of  Penlline  Court, 
and  has  issue — 

Thomas  Deere,  b.  1820  ;  ed.  at  Eton  and 
Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford,  where  he  grad.  M.A. ; 
is  a  barrister  of  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Heir :  Thomas  Deere  Salmon. 
Residence  :  Penlline  Court,  near  Cowbridge. 
Crest :    A  dexter  arm,   embowed,   in  armour, 
holding  a  scimitar  proper. 
Motto  :  Dum  spiro  spero. 

LINEAGE. 

Mr.  Salmon  is  lineally  descended  from  Sir 
Thomas  Salmon,  Kt.,  temp.  Richard  L,  and  col- 
laterally from  John  Salmon,  Lord  High  Chancellor 
of  England,  temp.  Edward  II.  Hester,  his  wife, 
was  of  a  very  ancient  Glamorganshire  family,  which 
traced  its  descent  from  Edwin,  fourth  son  of  Howel 
Dcia,  or  Howel  the  Good,  King  of  South  Wales 
and  Powys  907,  and  of  all  Wales  940, — and  from 
Herbert,  natural  son  of  King  Henry  I. 

SMITH,  Charles  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Gwernllwyn- 
with,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ;  High 
Sheriff  of  the  same  county  in  1839;  son 
of  the  late  Charles  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Gwern- 
llwynwith  ;  b.  25th  Dec.,  1804;  ;;/.,  1831, 
Emily,  dau.  of  Sir  George  Leeds,  Bart.,  of 
Croxton  Park,  Camb. ;  has  surviving  issue 
one  daughter,  Emily  Matilda.  (See  Byn% 
Morris,  Danygraig.) 

Residence :  Gwernllwynwith,  near  Swansea. 
Arms  :  Or  and  az,  indented  sinisterwise,  two 
crosses  counterchanged. 

Crest :  Out  of  coronet,  a  dove  volant. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF   GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


641 


SQUIRE,  Rev.    Edward  Burnard,  Swansea, 
Glamorganshire. 

Rural  Dean ;  Vicar  of  Swansea  1846 ; 
Chaplain  of  ist  Glamorganshire  Artillery 
Volunteers;  formerly  in  Convocation  ;  was 
Lieut.  Indian  Navy  and  Paymaster  in  the 
Burmese  war  1827 — 1829;  Author  of  a 
"  Series  of  Sermons  on  Special  Occasions," 
"  British  Sovereignty  in  India,"  &c.  ;  b.  at 
Taunton  1804;  ed.  at  St.  Bee's  College; 
m.,  first,  Eliza  Anne,  dau.  of  Capt.  William 
Bruce,  Indian  Navy,  and  British  resident 
of  Bushire  in  Persia ;  secondly,  Caroline 
Herschel,  dau.  of  George  Harvey,  F.R.S.  ; 
thirdly,  26th  Oct.,  1852,  dau.  of  Thomas 
Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Johnstone  Hall,  Pembroke- 
shire, sister  of  the  late  Bishop  Bowen,  of 
Sierra  Leone  ;  has  issue  3  sons  and  3  daus. 
living. 

Residence:  The  Vicarage,  Swansea. 
Crest :  Tiger's  paw  holding  a  fleur-de-lis. 
Motto:  Tiens  ferme. 


STERRY,  Alfred,  Esq.,  of  Danycoed,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

Son  of  Richard  Sterry,  Esq  ,  Oakfield  Lodge, 
Croydou  ;  b.  1823;  m.,  1864,  Alice  Rosina, 
daughter  of  Henry  Crawshay,  Esq.,  of 
Langland,  near  Swansea,  and  Oaklands, 
Gloucestershire ;  has  issue  i  son,  2  daus. 

Residence :  Dan  y  Coed,  near  S  wansea. 
Arms :  (not  received). 


STUART,    James   Frederick  Crichton-,  M.P, 
Cardiff,  Glamorganshire. 

Lieut-Col,  in  the  army  (retired)  ;  served 
in  the  Grenadier  Guards  1842 — 1861  ; 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Buteshire;  M.P.  for 
united  boroughs  of  Cardiff,  Cowbridge, 
and  Lbntrisant  since  first  elected  in  1857  ; 
son  of  late  Lord  James  Stuart,  M.P., 
brother  to  2nd  Marquess  of  Bute  (see  .Zfafc, 
Marquess  of};  b.  Feb.  17,  1824;  ed.  at 
Eton,  and  Trinity  Coll.,  Cambridge ;  m. 
Gertrude  Frances,  dau.  of  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Sir  G.  H.  Seymour,  G.C.B. ;  has  issue  i 
son  and  2  daughters. 

Town  Residence :  25,  Wilton  Crescent. 

Arms :  ist  and  4th,  or,  a  fesse  cheeky  arg.  and 
az.  within  a  double  tressure  flory  counterflory  gu 
—  STUART  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  arg.,  a  lion  ramp.  az. — 
CRICHTON  ;  over  all  a  crescent  for  difference. 

Crests  :  I.  A  demi-lion  ramp,  gu.,  and  over  it 
the  motto  "Nobilis  est  ira  leonis  " — Stuart.  2. 
A  dragon  vert,  flames  issuing  from  the  mouth, 
ppr.  —  Crichton. 

Motto  :   Avito  viret  honore. 


LINEAGE. 

For  Lineage,  see  Bute,  Marquessof,  Cardiff  Castle, 
of  whose  family  Col.  Stuart  is  a  cadet. 


TALBOT,  Christopher  Rice  Mansel-,  Esq.,  of 
Margam  Park,  Glamorganshire. 

Lord  Lieut,  of  Glamorganshire  since  1848  ; 
M.P.  for  Glamorganshire  since  1830;  is 
patron  of  five  livings,  Reynoldston,  Oxwich- 
cum-Nicholaston,  Langeinor,  Llandough- 
cum-St.  Mary  Church,  and  Margam  Vicar- 
age ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Mansel 
Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Margam  Park,  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan,  and  Sheriff 
for  same  co.  1781,  by  the  Lady  Mary 
Lucy,  dau.  of  Henry  Thomas,  2nd  Earl 
of  Ilchester ;  b.  at  Penrice  Castle,  near 
Swansea,  May  10,  1803  ;  ed.  at  Harrow, 
and  Oriel  Coll.,  Oxford  ;  grad.  B.A.  in 
1824,  First  Class  in  Mathematics;  succ. 
1824  ;  m.,  1835,  to  Lady  Charlotte  Butler, 
sister  to  the  Earl  of  Glengall  (she  d.  1846), 
and  has  issue  one  son,  three  daughters. 

Heir  :  Theodore  Mansel,  6.  1837  ;  ed.  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford  ;  J.  P.  for  co.  of  Glam. 

Residences  :  Margam  Park,  and  Penrice  Castle, 
Glamorganshire. 

Town  House :  3,  Cavendish  Square. 

Arms :  Gu.,  a  lion  rampant  or,  armed  and  lan- 
gued  az.,  within  a  bordure  engrailed  of  the  second. 

Crest :  A  lion  or,  with  tail  extended. 

Motto  :  Prest  d'accomplir. 

LINEAGE. 

This  branch  of  the  Talbot  family,  of  common 
origin  with  Talbots,  EarlsofShrewsbury,  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Talbot  of  Hensol  Castle,  Talbots  of  Castle 
Talbot,  Ireland,  &c. ,  came  into  Glamorgan  through 
the  marriage  of  John  Ivory  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Lacock 
Abbey,  with  Mary,  dau.  and  h.  of  Thomas  Mansel, 
Lord  Mansel  of  Margam.  The  Mansel  family  had 
for  many. ages  held  a  position  of  prime  influence  in 
Glamorgan,  seated  successively  at  Oxwich  Castle, 
Penrice  Castle,  and  Margam  Abbey  (which  see), 
from  about  A.  D.  1400,  when  Sir  Hugh  Mansel  m. 
Isabel,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Penrhys,  Lord  of  Oxwich 
and  Penrhys  (Penrice),  to  A. D.  1750,  when  Bussy, 
the  last  Lord  Mansel  of  Margam  and  Penrice,  died, 
and  the  estate  passed  by  the  marriage  just  mentioned 
to  the  Mansel-Talbot  line. 

From  Sir  Hugh  Mansel,  Kt. ,  Sir  Rhys  (Rice) 
Mansel,  Kt.,  Lord  of  Oxwich,  and  builder  of  Ox- 
wich Castle,  Chamberlain  of  Chester,  Sheriff  of 
Glamorgan  in  1542,  was  fifth  in  descent ;  from  Henry 
Mansel,  Esq.,  the  first  who  settled  in  Gower  (temp. 
Edward  I.),  tenth;  and  from  Philip  Mansel,  or 
Maunchel,  who  is  said  to  have  "come  in  with  the 
Conqueror,"  about  eighteenth.  At  the  dissolution 
of  the  monasteries  he  purchased  Margam  Abbey 
from  the  commissioners  of  Henry  VIII.,  and 
partly  by  adaptation  of  the  structure  of  the  abbey, 
partly  by  new  buildings  constructed  there  (1552), 
formed  a  large  and  sumptuous  mansion,  which 
became  the  chief  residence  of  the  Mansel  family. 


642 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Kt.,  his  son,  m.  Lady  Jane, 
4th  dau.  of  Henry,  2nd  Earl  of  Worcester,  by 
whom  he  had  15  sons  and  4  daus.  He  was  Sheriff 
of  Glamorgan  1576.  His  second  son,  Francis, 
was  made  a  baronet  by  James  I.,  and  by  his  wife 
Catherine,  dau.,  andh.  of  Henry  Morgan,  Esq.,  of 
Muddlescombe  was  progenitor  of  the  Mansels  of 
Iscoed and  Trimsaran,  Carm.  From  his  third  son,' 
Philip,  were  descended  the  Mansels  of  Swansea. 
Robert,  fourth  son,  knighted  by  the  Earl  of  Essex 
for  his  valour  in  taking  Cadiz,  1596,  made  Vice- 
Admiral  by  James  I.,  m.  Elizabeth,  sister  of  the 
celebrated  Lord  Bacon.  On  the  death  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward in  1585  (see  Margam  Abbey} — 

Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Kt.  and  Bart.,  of  Margam, 
succeeded.  He  was  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  1594, 
1604,  and  1623  ;  M.P.  for  same  co.  1597,  &c. 
(see  Par!.  Annals  of  Glam.}.  By  Mary,  his  first 
wife,  dau.  of  Lewis  Lord  Mordaunt,  he  had  four 
sons  (by  a  2nd  wife  he  had  daus.),  the  heir  being  — 

Sir  Lewis  Mansel,  Bart.,  of  Margam.  Was 
Sheriff  of  Glam.  1636;  in  conjunction  with  Edward 
Viscount  Mandeville,  and  William  Carne,  Esq.,  of 
Nash,  he  obtained  from  Charles  I.  the  office  of 
Chamberlain  and  Chancellor  of  South  Wales  during 
their  respective  lives  and  the  survivor  of  them. 
By  his  third  wife,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Henry,  Earl 
of  Manchester,  Lord  Privy  Seal,  he  had  two  sons, 
Henry  and  Edward,  and  was  succ.  by  the  younger 
and  surviving  of  them, — 

Sir  Edward  Mansel,  Bart.,  of  Margam,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  of  his  race.  He  was  Sheriff 
for  the  co.  of  Glam.  1688;  M.P.  for  same  co. 
1660,  1680,  and  1685  ;  entertained  at  Margam 
the  Duke  of  Beaufort  on  his  progress  as  Lord 
President  of  Wales  in  1684  (see  Margam  Abbe)'}  ; 
m.  Martha,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Edward  Carne,  Esq., 
of  Ewenny,  and  was  succ.  by  his  2nd  but  eldest 
surviving  son, — 

Sir  Thomas  Mansel,  Bart.,  afterwards  Lord 
Mansel  of  Margam,  M.P.  for  co.  of  Glamorgan 
1700 — 1710;  cr.  Baron  Mansel  of  Margam  by 
Queen  Anne  in  1712;  Comptroller  of  the  Household 
under  Queen  Anne,  and  Member  of  Privy  Council 
(see  further  Part.  Annals).  He  m.  Martha,  dau. 
and  h.  of  Francis  Millington,  Esq. ,  and  by  her, 
besides  four  daus.,  had  three  sons,  Robert,  Chris- 
topher, and  Bussy.  The  first  m.,  had  issue  one 
son,  Thomas,  and  dying  in  his  father's  lifetime,  left 
the  succession  in  that  son. 

Thomas,  2nd  Lord  Mansel  of  Margam,  succ.  as 
a  minor  at  his  grandfather's  death,  and  d.  until., 
set.  25. 

Christopher,  3rd  Lord  Mansel  of  Margam,  dwelt 
at  Newick  Place,  Sussex,  and  was  never  married. 
He  settled  Margam  estate,  after  the  death  of  his 
brother  Bussy,  upon  Thomas  Mansel.  eldest  son 
of  his  sister  Mary,  wife  of  John  Ivory  Talbot,  Esq., 
above-mentioned  ;  d.  1744,  and  was  buried  at 
Newick. 

Bussy,  4th  and  last  Lord  Mansel  of  Margam, 
now  succ.  He  was  before  his  elevation  to  the 
peerage  M.P.  for  Cardiff  1727,  and  afterwards  for 
Glamorgan  1737.  (See  Parl.  Annals.}  He 
d.  s.  p.  in  London  1750,  and  was  buried  at  St 
James's,  Westminster. 

Thomas  Talbot,  Clerk,  in  right  of  his  mother 
now  inherited  Margam  and  Penrice  Castle  estates. 
He  »/.  Jane,  dau.  of  Thomas  Beach,  Esq.,  of 
Keevil,  Wilts,  and  had  two  sons,  Thomas  and 
Christopher  ;  the  eldest, — 

Thomas  Mansel  Talbot,  Esq.,  of  Penrice  Castle 
and  Margam,  m.,  1794,  Lady  Mary  Lucy  Fox 
Strangways,  dau.  of  Henry  Thomas,  2nd  Earl  of 


Ilchester  (she  m.  2ndly,  1815,  Sir  Christopher 
Cole,  K.C.B.  [see  Parl.  Annals,  p.  608]),  and  had 
with  other  issue  (see  Traherne,  Mrs.,  St.  Hilary  ; 
Lltftielyn,  Penller^^aer,  &c. } — 

CHRISTOPHER  MANSEL-TALBOT,  now  of  Mar- 
gam  and  Penrice  Castle  (as  above). 


THOMAS,  Hubert  de  Burgh,  Esq.,  of  Pwlly- 
wrach, Glamorganshire. 

Is  one  of  the  co-heirs  to  the  Barony  of 
Burgh  or  Borough  of  Gainsborough,  now 
in  abeyance ;  J.  P.  for  county  of  Gla- 
morgan ;  late  Captain  of  the  i8th  Gla- 
morgan Rifle  Corps ;  is  patron  of  Col- 
winston  Vicarage  ;  b.  at  Pwllywrach,  Sept. 
6th,  1842  ;  ed.  at  Cheltenham  College,  and 
Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford;  s.  to  estates  1853. 

Heir  :  His  brother,  Robert  Curre. 

Residence :  Pwllywrach, 

Arms  :  Gu  ,  three  chevrons  arg. 

Crest :  A  paschal  lamb. 

Mottoes  :  Nil  desperandum  ;   Christo  duce. 

THOMAS,  John  Blaekwell  Dawson,  Esq.,  of 
Tregroes,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  b.  3rd 
March,  1840,  at  Fulham,  Middlesex;  m., 
1 7th  June,  1868,  Louisa,  second  daughter 
of  Charles  Dawson,  Esq.,  of  Exmouth, 
Devon  ;  s.  to  estates  1863  ;  has  issue  one 
son,  Edward  Dawson. 

Heir :  Edward  Dawson. 

Residences  :  Tregroes,  near  Bridgend  ;    Withy- 
combe,  near  Exmouth. 
Motto :  Nil  desperandum. 


THOMAS,  Richard  Robert  Rees,  Esq.,  Court 
House,  Glamorganshire. 

Son  of  the  late  William  Thomas,  Esq  ;  b. 
Nov.  1 2th,  1823  ;  ed.  at  the  Swansea 
Grammar  School ;  m ,  ist,  Feb.,  1857, 
Janet  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  Thomas, 
Esq.,  of  Lechwan,  Lanfabon  ;  2ndly,  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  Anna  Mary,  daughter  of 
Christopher  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Llantwit 
Major;  s.  June,  1858;  has  issue  two  sons 
and  one  daughter. 

Residence  :  Court  House,  Merthyr. 
Arms:    A    lion    rampant,   holding    a    laurel 
branch  in  the  paw. 

Crest :  A  demi-lion  as  in  arms. 
Motto ;  Floreat  laurus. 

TRAHERNE,  Anthony  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Broad- 
lands,  Glamorganshire. 
Entered  the  army    i7th  Foot    29th  July, 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


643 


1853  ;  Lieut.  6th  June,  1854  ;  Captain  4th 
December,  1857  ;  served  in  the  Crimean 
war  from  December,  1854,  to  end  of  the 
war;  present  at  the  assault  of  Redan  i8th 
June,  bombardment  and  surrender  of 
Kinbourn,  medals  and  clasp ;  appointed 
adjutant  of  ist  ad.  Batt.  Glamorgan  Rifle 
Volunteers  in  August,  1863;  J.  P.  for  the 
co.  of  Glamorgan ;  3rd  surviving  son  of 
Morgan  Popkin  Traherne,  Esq.,  and  Eliza- 
beth Margaret,  his  wife  (nee  Rickards) ; 
b.  at  Coytrehen,  near  Bridgend,  4th 
January,  1834;  ed.  at  Woolwich  and  Sher- 
borne;  m.,  February  9,  1865,  Lucy  Lock- 
wood,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Onslovv, 
Esq. ;  has  issue  one  son,  Onslow  Powell. 

Heir:  Onslow  Powell. 

Residence :  Broadlands,  near  Bridgend. 

Town  Address:  Naval  and  Military  Club, 
Piccadilly. 

Motto  :  Ofna  Dduw  a'r  Brenhin  :  ' '  Fear  God 
and  the  King." 


TRAHERNE,  Mrs.,  of  St.  Hilary,  Glamorgan- 
shire. 

Charlotte  Louisa  Traherne,  of  St.  Hilary 
and  Coedriglan,  widow  of  the  Rev.  John 
Montgomery  Traherne,  M.A.,  of  Coed- 
riglan, F.R.S.F.S.A.;  Chancellor  of  Llan- 
daff ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan 
( d.  s.  p.  1 860)  j  3rd  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas 
Mansel  Talbot,  Esq  ,  of  Margam  and  Pen- 
rice  Castle,  co.  Glam.,  by  Lady  Mary 
Lucy,  dau.  of  Henry  Thomas,  2nd  Earl  of 
Ilchester;  is  sister  of  C.  R.  Mansel  Talbot, 
Esq.,  M.P.  of  Margam  and  Penrice  Castle, 
Lord  Lieut,  of  Glamorganshire  since  1848 
(see  Mansel  Talbot  of  Margam)  ;  b.  at  Pen- 
rice  Castle,  Feb.  5th,  1800  ;  ;;/.,  1830,  to 
Rev.  John  Montgomery  Traherne  (see  for 
lineage,  under  George  Montgomery  Traherne 
of  St.  Hilary);  s.  her  husband  1860;  is 
patron  of  the  livings  of  St.  George-super- 
Ely,  St.  Bride' s-super- Ely  cum  Michaelston- 
super-Ely. 

Heir:  To  Coedriglan,  George  Montgomery 
Traherne,  Esq.,  nephew  of  Rev.  John  M.  Tra- 
herne ;  and  to  St.  Hilary,  Llewelyn  Basset 
Saunderson,  Esq.,  a  cousin. 

Residence :  St.  Hilary,  near  Cowbridge. 

Arms:  Az. ,  a  chevron  sable  inter  3  choughs 
proper,  on  a  canton  barry  of  six  arg.  and  az.,  a 
lion  rampant  gules. 

Motto  :  Dives  qui  conteutus. 

LINEAGE. 

For  the  Talbot  lineage  see  Mansel-  Talbot  of  Mar- 
gam  ;  and  for  the  Traherne  lineage,  which  traces 
directly  in  the  female  line  through  the  Herberts  of 


Swansea,  progenitors  of  the  Earls  of  Pembroke; 
Powis,  &c.,  see  the  next  succeding  article,  and 
also  pedigree  in  Traherne's  Hist.  Notice  of  Sir  Mat- 
t/iew  Cradock,  Kt. 

Note. — The  family  mansions  at  Coedriglan  and  St. 
Hilary  are  modern  structures.  On  the  estate  is  St. 
George's  Castle  in  ruins,  the  manor  belonging  to  which 
was  given  by  Fitzhamon  to  Sir  John  Fleming  (see  Le 
Fleming  of  St.  George's  and  Flemingsto>i).  An  inte- 
resting specimen  of  the  ancient  Pigeon-house  is  found 
at  Cadoxton-juxta-Barry. 


TEAHERNE,  George  Montgomery,  Esq.,  of  St. 
Hilary,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  George  Traherne,  M.A.,  Univ. 
Coll.,  Oxford,  Vicar  of  St.  Hilary  and 
Rector  of  St.  George's,  co.  Glamorgan,  by 
Ellin,  dau.  of  the  late  John  Gilbert  Royds, 
Esq. ;  b.  at  St.  Hilary,  July  30,  1826  ;  ed. 
at  Brasenose  Coll.,  Oxford ;  grad.  B.A. 
1849,  M.A.  1853;  ;«.,  in  1860,  Harriet, 
dau.  of  the  late  Jonathan  Beever,  Esq.,  of 
Cefn  Coch,  in  the  co.  of  Denbigh.  Mr. 
Traherne,  as  representing  the  eldest  branch 
of  the  family,  is  heir  to  the  Coedriglan 
estates.  (See  also  Mrs.  Traherne  of  St. 
Hilary.} 

Heir  Presumptive:  His  brother,  Llewellyn 
Edmund  Traherne,  Esq. ,  late  6oth  Royal  Rifles. 

Residence  :  St.  Hilary,  near  Cowbridge. 

Arms:  Arg.,  a  chevron  sa.  between  three 
choughs  proper,  2  and  I  ;  on  a  canton  barry  of 
six,  arg.  and  az.,  a  lion  rampant  gu. 

Crest :  A  goat's  head  erased  surmounting  a 
wreath. 

Motto  :  Ofna  Dduw  a'r  Brenhin;  "Fear  God 
and  the  king." 

LINEAGE. 

The  Trahernes  resided  for  many  centuries  at 
Castellan,  near  Llantrisant,  which  estate  was  sold 
in  1808,  and  at  Coedriglan,  near  Cardiff,  which 
still  continues  in  their  possession.  They  are  de- 
scended through  Sir  George  Herbert  of  Swansea 
from  the  sept  of  Einion  ap  Collwyn  (temp.  Wil- 
liam Rufus),  Lord  of  Senghenydd  and  Miskin 
after  the  conquest  of  Glamorgan  by  the  Normans 
(see  p.  495,  and  Rinion  ap  Collwyn,  passim). 

William  Edmund  Traherne,  Esq.,  of  Castellau, 
•m.,  l6th  Aug.,  1630,  Margaret  Williams,  dau.  of 
William  ap  Jenkin  ap  William,  of  Aberpergwm, 
by  Elizabeth  Evans,  dau.  of  Leyshon  Evans,  Esq., 
of  Neath,  by  his  wife  Margaret  Herbert,  dau.  of 
Mathew  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Swansea  (see  p.  585), 
of  the  lina  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  and  had  a  son, — 

Edmund  Traherne,  Esq.,  of  Castellau  (d.  1697), 
whose  wife  was  Prudence  Llewelyn,  dau.  of  John 
Llewelyn  of  Ynysygerwn,  of  the  same  ancient 
lineage.  He  left  by  her — 

Llewelyn  Traherne,  Esq.,  of  Castellau  (d.  1766, 
set.  80),  who  m.  Anstance  Wells,  and  had  by  her 
one  son,  Edmund  (of  whom  again),  and  three 
daus.,  who  all  d.  s.  p.  ;  the  youngest,  Mary,  m. 
John  Llewellin,  Esq.,  of  Coedriglan. 


644 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Edmund  Traheme,  Esq.,  of  Castellau  (d.  1795), 
m.  twice,  first  to  Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas  Llewelyn, 
Esq  ,  of  Welsh  St.  Donat's,  and  had  issue  — 
'  Llewelyn  Traherne,  Esq.  (b.  1766,  d.  1841),  who 
by  his  first  wife,  Charlotte,  dau.  of  John  Edmondes, 
Esq.,  had  a  son,  John  Montgomery  Traherne  (see 
Mrs.  Traherne  of  St.  Hilary)  ;  and  by  his  second 
wife,  Barbara  Maria  Manning,  had  a  son, — 

George  Traherne,  Clerk,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  St. 
Hilary,  &c.  (</.  1852),  who  by  his  wife  Ellin,  dau. 
of  the  late  John  Gilbert  Royds,  Esq,,  of  Greenhill, 
co.  of  Lancaster,  had — 

GEORGE  MONTGOMERY  TRAHERNE,  now  of 
St.  Hilary  (as  above). 


TREDEGAR,  Charles  Morgan  Robinson  Morgan, 
Baron,  Ruperra  Castle,  Glamorganshire. 

(See    Tredegar,    Baron,     Tredegar    Park, 
Monmouthshire.) 


TTJRBERVILLv  Thomas    Picton,     Esq., 
Ewenny  Abbey,  Glamorganshire. 


of 


B.-Major  h.  p.  Royal  Artillery ;  J.  P.  for 
the  co.  of  Glamorgan ;  patron  of  the  Dona- 
tive of  Ewenny,  St.  Bride's  Major,  and 
Llandyfodwg ;  son  of  Captain  Thomas 
Warlow,  Bengal  Engineers,  eldest  son  of 
Thomas  Warlow,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Hall,  co. 
of  Pembr.,  a  nephew  of  Gen.  Sir  Thomas 
Picton;  b.  8th  December,  1827;  ed.  at 
private  school,  and  Royal  Military  Aca- 
demy ;  m.  Lucy  Eliza  Connop,  only  dau. 
of  Lt.-Col.  Henry  Connop,  Birdhurst, 
Croydon ;  s.  to  the  Ewenny  estates  in 
1867,  when  he  assumed  the  surname 
Turbervill. 

Heir  Presumptive :  His  brother,  John  Picton 
Warlow,  Esq. 

Residence:  Ewenny  Abbey,  near  Bridgend. 

Town  Address :  Jun.  United  Service  Club. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  cheeky  or 
and  sable,  a  fesse  erminois — TURBERVILL;  2nd 
and  3rd,  per  chevron  or  and  gules,  three  escut- 
cheons, each  charged  with  a  tower  counterchanged 
— WARLOW. 

Crests:  An  eagle  displayed  sa.,  armed  and 
wings  tipped  or,  a  crossbow  erect  in  front  of  two 
swords  in  saltire  ppr.,  pommels  and  hilts  or. 

Motto  :  "  Avfnumerantur  avorum." 

LINEAGE. 

The  Carnes,  possessors  of  Ewenny  Abbey,  by 
purchase  at  the  dissolution,  passed  into  the  Turber- 
vills  by  m.  of  the  heiress  with  Edward  Turbervill, 
Esq.,  of  Suttum,  whose  son,  Richard  Turbervill, 
Esq.,  Sheriff  of  Glam.  1740,  and  M.P.  for  same 
co.  1767,  d.  s.  p.,  and  settled  his  estates  upon 
his  2nd  wife  (age  Herbert,  heiress  of  Cilybebyll) 
during  her  lifetime,  and  afterwards  upon  — 

Richard  Turbervill  Picton,  Esq.  (eldest  brother 
of  General  Sir  Thomas  Picton),  son  of  his  sister's 
dau.  (that  sister  being  a  dau.  of  Edward  Turber- 
vill by  the  heiress  of  Watkin  Lougher,  Esq.,  of 


Tythegston  ;  and  that  daughter  being  her  only 
surviving  child  by  her  second  husband,  Edward 
Powell,  Esq.,  of  Llandough),  wife  of  Thomas 
Picton,  Esq.,  of  Poyston,  co.  of  Pembroke.  Mr. 
Picton  now  assumed  the  surname  Turbervill ;  High 
Sheriff  of  the  co.  of  Glam.  1804 ;  m.  Margaret, 
dau.  and  co.-h.  of  the  Rev.  Gervase  Powell.  LL.  B., 
of  Llanharan  (see  Powell  of  Llanharan),  by  whom 
he  had  Richard,  his  heir,  Gervase,  and  Elizabeth. 

Richard  Turbervill,  Esq.,  of  Ewenny  Abbey; 
Capt.  in  Glam.  Militia ;  Sheriff  of  the  co.  of 
Glam.  1833 ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  the  same  co.  ;  d. 
s.  p.,  and  was  s.  by  his  brother, — 

Gervase  P.  Turbervill,  Lieut. -Col.  in  the  army  ; 
J.  P.  and  D.  L.,  and  Sheriff  (1851),  for  the  co.  of 
Glamorgan  ;  he  married  twice,  his  2nd  wife  being 
Sarah  Anne,  dau.  of  George  Warry,  Esq.  He  d. 
s.  p.  1861,  and  his  estates  went  partly  to  his 
widow,  and  partly  to  his  sister.  Miss  Elizabeth 
Turbervill  of  Corntown  Court,  near  Bridgend. 

THOMAS  PICTON  TURBERVILL,  Esq.  (as  above), 
s.  in  1867. 

Note. — For  the  history  of  Ewenny  Abbey  and 
Priory  see  Ewenny  Abbfy,  and  for  further  genea- 
logical details  see  Turbervill  of  Tythegston  ;  Turbervill 
of  Coity  Castle;  Carne  of  Ewenny  ;  Nicholl-Carne  of 
St.  Donat's,  &c. 


TYLER,  Colonel  George   Henry,  of   Cottrell, 
Glamorganshire. 

Lieut.-Colonel  in  the  army,  and  served  in 
the  Crimean  war  and  in  India ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Sir  George  Tyler,  Kt.  and  Vice- 
Admiral,  of  Cottrell  (J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  co. 
of  Glamorgan,  M.P.  for  the  same  co. 
1851-7),  by  Harriet  Margaret,  dau.  of  the 
Rt.  Hon.  John  Sullivan  of  Richings,  Berks. 
Lady  Tyler  now  resides  at  Cottrell.  Col. 
Tyler  was  b.  1824,  andV.  1862;  has  brothers 
in  the  areiy  ;  his  second  surviving  brother 
is  Gwinnett  Tyler,  Esq.,  of  Gernos,  in  the 
co.  of  Cardigan,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  that 
co.;  m.,  1852,  Judith,  dau.  and  h.  of  the 
late  Major  Parry  of  Gernos,  and  has  issue. 

Residence  :  Cottrell,  near  Cardiff. 

Arms  :  Sa. ,  on  a  fesse  wavy  or,  between  three 
tigers  passant  guardant,  a  cross  pattee  of  the  first 
between  two  crescents  gu. ; .  in  centre  chief  a  metial 
or  (presented  to  Sir  Charles  Tyler  for  service  at 
Trafalgar). 

Crest :  A  tiger  salient  guardant,  navally  crowned 
or,  holding  in  dexter  paw  the  French  tricolor 
depressed  and  reversed. 

Note. — Cottrell,  beautifully  situated  on  rising  ground 
near  the  high  road  from  Cardiff  to  Cowbridge  is  locally 
celebrated  as  the  home  of  Rees  Meyrick,  author  of  the 
Morgania  Archieographia  (1578).  See  Meyrick  of 
Cottrell. 

TYLER,  Rev.  Roper  Trevor,  of  Llantrithyd, 
Glamorganshire. 

M.A.,  Rector  of  Llantrithyd,  Glamorgan, 
and  Vicar  of  Monachlog-ddu,  Pembroke- 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


645 


shire ;  has  been  Rural  Dean  34  years ; 
formerly  Domestic  Chaplain  to  King 
William  IV.,  when  Duke  of  Clarence ; 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan:  second 
son  of  the  late  Admiral  Sir  Charles  Tyler, 
G.C.B.,  of  Cottrell,  Glamorganshire;  b.  at 
Pembroke,  1801;  ed.  at  Westminster 
School,  and  University  College,  Oxford ; 
grad.  B.A.  1823,  M.A.  1827;  »/.,  August 
9,  1838,  Isabel,  4th  daughter  of  John 
Bruce  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn,  Glam. ;  s.  to 
the  Mount  Alyn  estate,  Denbighshire, 
1846;  has  issue  3  sons  and  6  daughters. 

Heir:  Eldest  son,  Trevor  Bruce  Tyler,  of  the 
Royal  Horse  Artillery,  b.  1841. 

Residence :  Llantrithyd,  near  Cowbridge. 

Arms:  Sa.,  on  a  fesse  wavy  or,  between  3 
tigers  passant  guardant,  a  cross  pattee  of  the  first 
betw.  two  crescents  gu.,  in  centre  chief  a  medal 
inscribed  "Trafalgar."  (See  Tyler  of  Cottrell.) 

Crest :  A  tiger  salient  guardant  navally  crowned 
or,  holding  in  dexter  paw  a  French  tricolor 
depressed  and  reversed. 

Motto :  "My  king  and  country." 

LINEAGE. 

The  Tylers  derive  paternally  from  the  Dacre 
and  Teynham  families,  maternally  from  the 
Leaches  of  Corston  and  Aliens  of  Creselly,  Pem- 
brokeshire. 


TYNTE,  Charles  John  Kemeys-,  Esq.,  of  Keven 
Maoly,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  cos.  of  Glamorgan, 
Mor.mouth,  and  Somerset ;  F.R.S. ;  was 
M.P.  for  West  Somerset  1832 — i837,andfor 
Bridgewaten847 — i865;onlysonofthelate 
Colonel  Charles  Kemeys  Kemeys  Tynte, 
of  Keven  Mably,  and  of  Halsewell,  Somer- 
set, J.  P.  and  D.  L.,  F.A.S. ;  b.  1800;  m  , 
first,  1821,  Elizabeth,  dau.  and  co-h.  with 
her  sisters,  Mrs.  Bagot  and  Lady  Pilking- 
ton,  of  the  late  Thomas  Swinnerton,  Esq., 
of  Butterton  Hall,  co.  of  Stafford,  and  by 
her,  who  d.  1838,  had  issue  surviving — 

Charles  Kemeys  Tynte,  Esq.,  b.  1822. 

Secondly,  1841,  Vincentia,  dau.  of  the 
late  W.  Brabazon,  Esq.,  of  Rath  House,  co. 
Louth,  and  has  had  issue  6  sons  and  i 
dau.,  Vincentia  Margaret  Anne  Kemeys. 

Heir :  Charles  Kemeys. 

Residences :  Keven  Mably,  near  Cardiff  ; 
Halsewell  House,  Somerset. 

Town  Address :  United  Service  Club. 

Arms:  The  arms  of  Sir  Charles  Kemeys,  of 
Keven  Mably,  figured  and  described  in  the 
Progress  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  (who  visited  the 
place  in  1684),  and  "  often  repeated  in  Keven 
Mably"  (we  presume  in  the  windows,  on  the 
mantelpieces,  &c.),  were — "  Vert,  on  a  chevron 
arff.  three  barbed  arrmv-heads  (p/ieons)  sa.,  im- 


paling those  of  his  wife,  dau.  of  Lord  Wharton, — 
Sa. ,  a  maunch  arg.  on  a  tor  Jure  or,  an  orle  of  lions' 
paws  erased  in  saltire  gu."  These  still  continue 
in  the  Kemeys  Tynte  coat,  having  quartered  with 
them  the  Tynte  of  Halsewell  insignia,  viz.,  Gu., 
a  lion  couchant  between  six  cross  crosslets  arg.; 
adding  in  a  second  grand  quarter,  "az.,  two  bars 
wavy  arg.,  over  all  a  bend  gu.,"  and  in  a  fourth 
the  arms  of  Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester. 


LINEAGE. 

The  two  families  of  Kemeys  and  Tynte  were 
united  by  the  marriage,  at  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  of  Sir  John  Tynte,  second 
Bart,  of  Halsewell,  Somerset,  with  Jane,  dau.  and 
h.  of  Sir  Charles  Kemeys,  second  Bart,  of  Keven 
Mably,  who  d.  1702. 

Of  the  early  period  of  the  Kemeys  family  the 
accounts  are  somewhat  confused,  but  it  is  generally 
agreed  that  their  origin  was  Norman.  They  rose 
to  prominence  at  the  period  of  the  conquest  of 
Gwent  and  Glamorgan.  The  original  form  of  the 
name  is  uncertain,  although  it  is  said  to  be  Camois 
or  Camys,  identical  with  Camois  in  the  Roll  of 
Battle  Abbey.  That  a  branch  settled  in  Pembroke- 
shire, and  gave  the  name  to  the  lordship  of  Cemmes 
in  that  county,  is  a  mistake  (see  Barony  of  Cemmaes). 
They  were  known  as  ' '  Kemeys  of  Began  "  as  early 
as  the  thirteenth  century.  David,  grandson  of 
Jenkin  Kemeys  of  Began,  settled  at  Keven  Mably 
circa  1450,  by  marriage  with  the  heiress  Sibyl, 
dau.  of  Evan  ap  Llewelyn.  His  successors  at 
Keven  Mably  intermarried  with  chief  Welsh  fami- 
lies of  Gwent  and  Glamorgan,  such  as  Gwyn  of 
Senghenydd,  Morgan  of  Machen  (the  Tredegar 
sept).  His  gr.  gr.  grandson, — 

Edward  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Keven  Mably,  was 
Sheriff  of  co.  Glamorgan  in  1575  ;  and  the  fourth 
possessor  after  him, — 

Sir  Nicholas  Kemeys,  Sheriff  of  Glamorgan  in 
1638,  was  cr.  a  baronet  by  Charles  I.  in  1642.  His 
son  was — 

Sir  Charles  Kemeys,  second  Bart,  above 
mentioned,  whose  dau.  Jane,  sole  heiress  after  the 
death  s.p.  of  her  brother,  Sir  Charles,  third  Bart., 
m. — 

Sir  John  Tynte,  Bart.,  of  Halsewell,  Somerset, 
who  d.  1710,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, — 

Sir  Charles  Kemeys  Tynte,  who  d.  s.  p.,  and 
was  succeeded  by  a  son  of  his  sister  Jane,  who  had 
m.  Colonel  Johnstone  of  the  Foot  Guards,  Comp- 
troller of  the  Household  to  George,  Prince  of  Wales 
(George  IV.).  He  assumed  the  name  Kemeys 
Tynte,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, — 

Charles  Kemeys  Kemeys-Tynte,  Esq.,  of  Halse- 
well and  Keven  Mably,  b.  1779;  *"•  Anne,  dau. 
of  Rev.  T.  Leyson,  and  had  with  other  issue  one 
son, — 

CHARLES  JOHN  KEMEYS-TYNTE,  now  of  Keven 
Mably  (as  above). 


VIVIAN,  Arthur  Pendarves,  Esq.,  of  Glanafon, 
Glamorganshire. 

M.P.  for  the  western  division  of  the  co.  of 
Cornwall ;  Deputy  Warden  of  the  Stan- 
naries of  Devon  and  Cornwall ;  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ;  and 
Lt.-Col.  ist  Adm.  Batt.  Glamorgan  Rifle 

2    U 


646 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


Volunteers;  3rd  son  of  late  John  Henry 
Vivian,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  many  years  M.P.  for 
Swansea,  and  brother  of  the  first  Baron 
Vivian;  b.  in  London,  4th  of  June,  1834; 
ed.  at  Eton,  the  Mining  Academy  of 
Freiburg  in  Saxony,  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Cam- 
bridge; m.,  4th  March,  1867,  Lady 
Augusta  Emily,  dau.  of  the  3rd  Earl  of 
Dunraven ;  has  issue  two  sons, — 

1 .  Henry  Windham. 

2.  Gerald  William. 

Heir:  Henry  Windham,  b.  3rd  Feb.,  1868. 

Residence:  Glanafon,  Taibach,  South  Wales. 

Town  Address :  19,  James  Street,  Buckingham 
Gate,  S.W. 

Arms :  Or,  on  a  chevron  azure,  between  three 
lions'  heads  erased  ppr.,  three  annulets  or,  &c. 
(Vide Baron  Vivian,  and  Vivian,  Park  Wern.} 

Motto:  Vive  revicturus. 

LINEAGE. 

See  Vivian  of  Singleton  ;  Vivian  of  Park  Wern  ; 
and  Baron  Vivian  of  Glynn. 


VIVIAN,  Henry  Hussey,  Esq.,  of  Park  ¥ern, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
Lieut.-Col.  of  4th  Glamorganshire  Rifle 
Volunteers;  was  M.P.  for  Truro  1852 — 
1 85  7,  and  has  been  M.P.  for  Glamorganshire 
from  1857  to  the  present  time;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  John  Henry  Vivian,  Esq.,  M.P., 
F.R.S.,  of  Singleton,  Swansea,  by  Sarah,  dau. 
of  Arthur  Jones,  Esq.;  b.  at  Singleton,  Swan- 
sea, July  6,  1821  ;  ed.  at  Eton,  and  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge ;  m.,  ist,  1847,  Jessie 
Dalrymple,  d.  Feb.,  1848,  dau.  of  Ambrose 
Goddard,  Esq.,  of  The  Lawn,  Swindon  ; 
zndly,  1852,  Caroline  Elizabeth,  only  dau. 
of  Sir  Montague  J.  Cholmely,  Bart.,  M.P., 
of  Easton  Hall,  Grantham,  d.  25th  Jan., 
1868;  srdly,  Nov.  3,  1870,  Averil,  dau.  of 
Capt.  Richard  Beaumont,  R.N. ;  s.  on 
death  of  his  father  in  1855 ;  has  issue  one 
son,  Ernest  Ambrose,  by  first  marriage; 
one  son,  John  Aubrey,  by  second  marriage ; 
a  dau.,  Violet  Averil  Margaret,  £.  3rd  Dec., 
1871,  by  third  marriage;  patron  of  the 
living  of  Sketty. 

Residence :  Park  Wern,  Swansea. 

Town  Address :  7,  Belgrave  Square. 

Arms  :  Or,  on  a  chevron  azure,  between  three 
lions'  heads  erased  proper,  as  many  annulets  of 
the  field  ;  on  a  chief  embattled,  gules,  a  wreath 
of  oak  between  two  martlets. 

Crest :  Issuant  from  an  arch  between  two 
towers,  a  demi-hussar,  holding  in  left  hand  a 
pennon,  in  right  a  sabre. 

Motto  :  Vive  revicturus  (see  Lord  Vivian,  in 
Peerage  of  England). 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  the  same  descent  as  that  of 
Baron  Vivian  of  Glynn,  Cornwall.  The  late  J.  H. 
Vivian,  F.R.S.,  of  Singleton,  was  brother  of  Sir 
Richard  Hussey  Vivian,  Bart.,  of  Glynn,  created 
Baron  of  Glynn,  near  Truro,  Cornwall,  1841,  a 
Baronet  1828 ;  who  served  with  great  distinc- 
tion under  Wellington  in  the  actions  of  Orthez, 
Waterloo,  &c. 

Note. — Parkwern  is  a  modern  elegant  mansion  in 
the  beautiful  neighbourhood  of  Sketty,  near  Swansea. 
Singleton  (in  the  same  neighbourhood),  to  which  Mr. 
H.  H.  Vivian  is  heir,  erected  about  forty  years  ago, 
stands  in  an  extensive  park. 

VIVIAN,  William   Graham,  Esq.,  of  Clyne 

Castle,  Glamorganshire. 
J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ; 
High  Sheriff  in  1866  ;  second  son  of  the 
late  J.  H.  Vivian,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  of  Single- 
ton, who  was  the  first,  and  continued  for 
twenty-three  years,  M.P.  for  Swansea  ;  and 
nephew  of  the  late  Lord  Vivian,  of  Glynn, 
Cornwall  (d.  1855),  by  Sarah,  dau.  of 
Arthur  Jones,  Esq. ;  b.  November  25, 
1827  ;  ed.  at  Eton  College. 

Residence:  Clyne  Castle,  near  Swansea. 

Town  Address :  7,  Belgrave  Square. 

Arms:  Or,  on  a  chevron  azure,  between 
three  lions'  heads  erased  ppr.,  three  annulets. 
(Vid.  Baron  Vivian,'vci&  Vivian  of  Park  Wern.} 

Motto:  Vive  revicturus. 

LINEAGE. 
For  lineage  see  Vivian  of  Park  Wern. 

Note. — Clyne  Castle  is  an  old  stone  castellated  house, 
recently  much  added  to,  containing  a  fine  hall  and 
extensive  reception-rooms,  situated  on  a  hill-side,  and 
commanding  a  magnificent  sea  view,  with  Clyne 
Wood,  250  acres,  immediately  adjoining  the  house. 

WALTER,  James,  Esq.,  of  Pfynone,  Glamorgan- 
shire. 

J.  P.  of  the  borough  of  Swansea  and  of 
the  co.  of  Glamorgan;  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Walters,  Esq.,  of  Swansea ;  b.  at 
Swansea  ;  was  owner  of  iron-works  and 
collieries;  proprietor  of  the  Ffynone 
estate,  Swansea;  is  unm. 

Residence:  Penlan,  near  Swansea. 
Arms :  Or,  a  lion  rampant  sa.,  thrust  through 
the  body  with  two  swords  in  saltire  ppr. 
Crest :  A  dove  with  an  olive  branch  ppr. 

ffote. — The  ancestors  of  this  family,  as  may  be  seen 
from  notices  of  them  in  Francis's  Cower,  had  been 
long  settled  in  that  part  of  Glamorgan. 

WILLIAMS,  Charles  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Roath 
Court,  Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  of  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  Capt.  ist 
Glam.  Light  Horse  Volunteers ;  son  of  the 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


647 


late  Charles  Crofts  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Roath 
Court;  b.  1837  ;  ed.  at  Rugby  School,  and 
Magd.  Coll.,  Cambridge;  m.,  1865,  Mil 
licent  Frances,  dau.  of  Robert  Herring 
Esq.,  of  Cromer,  Norfolk;  has  issue 
sons  and  2  daus. 

Residence  :  Roath  Court,  Cardiff. 

Town  Address  :  Wyndham  Club. 

Arms  :  Quarterly,  per  fesse  indented  :  1st  anu 
4th,  arg.,  a  lion  passant  guardant ;  2nd  and  3rd, 
az.,  a  fleur-de-lis  arg. 

Crest :  An  embowed  arm  in  armour  grasping  a 
sword. 

Motto  :  Esse  quam  videri. 

WILLIAMS,  Evan,  Esq.,  of  Dyflryn  Ffrwd, 
Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1857  (see  Sheriffs); 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Henry  Williams, 
Esq.,  of  Dyffryn  Ffrwd  ;  b.  1800  ;  m.,  1834, 
Charlotte,  dau.  of  William  Thomas,  Esq., 
of  Cefnllogell,  Mon.,  and  has  issue  a  son, 
Evan  Thomas. 

Heir :  Evan  Thomas,  b.  1841  ;  J.  P.  for  co. 
of  Glamorgan  ;  is  /«. 

Residence  :  Dyffryn  Ffrwd,  near  Cardiff. 

Arms  :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  vert,  a  chevron 
between  three  cockatrices'  heads  erased  or — 
WILLIAMS  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  sa.,  a  lion  rampant  arg. 
— LEWIS. 

Crest :  A  cockatrice's  head,  as  in  arms. 

LINEAGE. 

Thomas  ap  Evan  of  Eglwysilan,  who  d.  1612, 
son  of  Evan  ap  Meuric  (d.  1752),  had  a  son, — 

Evan  ap  Thomas  (b.  1581,  d.  1666),  who  m. 
Catherine,  dau.  of  Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llani- 
shen,  and  had  with  other  children — 

Thomas  ap  Evan  of  Eglwysilan,  b.  1615;  m. 
Eleanor,  dau.  of  Morgan  Jones,  D.D.,  of  Framp- 
ton,  co.  of  Glamorgan.  He  was  succeeded  by  his 
eldest  son, — 

Thomas  Thomas  (or  Thomas,  son  of  Thomas), 
b.  1636 ;  m.  Catherine,  eldest  dau.  of  Edward 
Watkin,  and  had  a  son, — 

Evan  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn  Ffrwd,  in 
Eglwysilan,  the  first  named  as  of  Dyffryn  Ffrwd  ; 
m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Philip  ap  Edward  Herbert,  by 
whom,  with  other  issue,  he  had — 

Evan  Thomas,  Esq.,  m.  Ann,  dau.  of  William 
Gibbon,  of  Pen-Craig- vatha,  b.  1702.  They  had 
no  surviving  male  issue,  and  only  one  dau., — 

Mary  Thomas,  h.  of  Dyffryn  Ffrwd  (b.  1721, 
d.  1814);  m.  Morgan  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Pendwy- 
lon  (d.  1785)  ;  had  issue  Morgan,  Thomas,  and 
Jlenry,  The  survivor, — 

Henry  Williams,  Esq.,  s.  to  Dyffryn  Ffrwd,  and 
had  a  son, — 

EVAN  WILLIAMS,  Esq.,  the  present  owner,  as 
above. 

WILLIAMS,  Gwilym,  Esq.,  of  Miskin  Manor, 
Glamorganshire. 

Stipendiary  Magistrate  for  the  Pontypridd 
District    1872 ;    for    several    years    J.    P. 


for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan;  a  Barrister 
called  to  the  Bar  at  the  Middle  Temple 
1 86-;  eldest  and  only  surviving  son  of 
the  late  David  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Ynys- 
cynon,  co.  of  Glamorgan;  b.  183-;  m. 
Emily  Williams,  dau.  of  the  late  William 
Williams,  Esq.,  of  Aberpergwm,  a  well- 
known  and  ancient  Welsh  family,  seated 
at  Aberpergwm  about  300  years  (see 
Williams  of  Aberpergwvi),  and  has  issue  ; 
s.  to  the  estate  of  Miskin,  &c.,  obtained 
by  purchase,  on  the  demise  of  his  father, 
1856.  (See  Miskin,  Lordship  of.) 

Residence :  Miskin  Manor,  near  Pontypridd. 
Town  Address :  The  Middle  Temple. 

WILLIAMS,  Morgan  Stuart,  Esq.,  of  Aberper- 
gwm, Glamorganshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan ;  eldest 
surviving  son  of  the  late  William  Williams, 
Esq.,  of  Aberpergwm  (d.  1855),  J-  P-  for 
the  co.  of  Glamorgan,  and  Sheriff  for  same 
co.  in  1830,  by  Matilda,  dau.  and  h.  of 
Thomas  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Castellau,  co.  of 
Glamorgan  ;  b.  1846;  is  unnt. 

Residence:  Aberpergwm,  near  Neath. 

Arms :  Quarterly :  1st  and  4th,  sa.,  three  fleurs- 
de-lis  arg. — EINION  AP  COLLWVN  ;  2nd  and  3rd, 
or,  three  chevrons  arg.— IESTYN  AP  GWRGANT. 

Crest:  The  holy  lamb  and  flag. 

Motto  :  Y  ddioddefws  i orfu :  "Suffered  that  he 
might  conquer." 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Aberpergwm  is  as  well  known  in 
Wales  for  its  honourable  and  ancient  standing  as 
for  its  warm  and  unaffected  patriotism.  Aberper- 
gwm, in  the  Vale  of  Neath,  has  been  its  seat  for 
seven  or  eight  generations,  i.e.,  since  Jenkin  ap 
William  ap  Jenkin  ap  Hopkin  of  Blaen-Baglan,  a 
descendant  in  direct  line  (through  Evan  ap  Leyson, 
Lord  of  Baglan)  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  by  Caradoc, 
his  eldest  son,  settled  at  that  place  circa  1560. 

Jenkin  ap  William,  of  Blaen-Baglan,  m,  Angha- 
rad,  dau.  of  Llewelyn  ap  Gwilym  of  Garreg-fawr, 
and  granddau.  of  John  ap  Rhys  of  Glyn  Nedd  (of 
whom  see  note  below),  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
eldest  son, — 

William  ap  Jenkin,  of  Glyn  N&dd  or  Aberper- 
gwm,  m.  to  his  second  wife,  Mary,  dau.  of  Leyson 
Price  (or  Ap  Rhys),  Esq.,  of  Briton  Ferry,  being 
widow  of  Matthew  Penry,  gent.,  of  Llanedi,  and 
by  her  had  with  other  issue — 

Leyson  Williams,  Esq.,  his  successor  at  Aber- 
pergwm (living  1638).  He  m.,  first,  Anne,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Miskin,  and  widow  of 
John  Llewelyn  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Ynysygerwn, 
who  d,  s.  p. ;  secondly,  Mary,  dau.  of  William 
Bassett,  Esq.,  of  Beaupre,  by  whom  he  had  a 
son, — 

George  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Aberpergwm  (living 
1665).  From  him  descended — 

Rees  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Aberpergwm,  who  had 
three  sons,  William,  Rees,  and  Thomas,  clerk. 


64S 


GLAMORGANSHIRE. 


William  Williams,  Esq.,  late  of  Aberpergwm, 
whose  zealous  culture  of  the  Cymric  tongue  and 
attachment  to  the  history  and  traditions  of  his 
country  are  known  to  all,  spent  seventeen  years  of 
his  earlier  manhood  in  foreign  travel,  and  during 
that  time  attained  a  considerable  knowledge  of 
Continental  languages.  After  his  return  he  m., 
1837,  Matilda,  dau.  and  h.  of  Col.  Thomas  Smith, 
of  Castellau,  near  Pontypridd,  and  had  issue  four 
sons  and  two  daus.  The  sons  were  Rhys,  Lleision, 
Morgan  Stuart,  and  George,  all  old  family  names. 
Mr.  Williams  d.  in  1855,  and  was  buried  at  the 
church  of  Aberpergwm.  The  two  elder  sons 
having  d.  s.  p.,  the  third  son, — 

MORGAN  STUART  WILLIAMS,  has  succeeded  to 
Aberpergwm  (as  above). 

Note. — For  a   view   of  Aberpergwm  see    p.    475. 
John  ap  Rhys,  of  Glyn-nedd — the  older  name  of  the 
place, — through    mar.    with    whose    granddau.    (see 
Lineage  above)  Jenkin  ap  William  came  to  Aberper- 
gwm, was  a  man  of  mark  in  his  day,  kept  a  hospitable 
house,  and  was  a  friend  of  the  "  bards."     We  know 
this   from   a   poem   addressed  to  him,  in   the   usual 
bardic  style  of  boundless  eulogy,  by  the  best  historic 
poet  Wales   possesses — Lavis    Glyn    Cothi  (fifteenth 
century).     He  gives  the  festive  board  of  Aberpergwm 
the  next  place  to  that  of  Arthur's  palace ;  the  language 
spoken  there  was  the  ancient  speech  of  the  Britons 
("heniaith  y  Brytaniaid") ;  John  ap  Rhys  was  chief 
of  the  gentry  from  Gower  to  Mary's  church  and  to 
North  Wales ;  the  bard  wished  for  himself  cold  and 
sickness  if  John  ap  Rhys  was  not  the  dearest  of  the 
sons  of  Japhet ( " os oes ei hoffach  owaed  Siaphedd"); 
his  fame  equalled  that  of  Seth,  of  three  quarters  of  the 
globe,  even  of  the  land  of  Israel,  and  of  "  the  three 
bountiful  ones,"  &c.  ;  he  is  not  excelled  in  peace,  she 
(his  wife,  ' '  of  the  seed  of  Watkin  Llwyd, "  of  Brecon) 
in  the  bottomless  abundance  of  her  mead    ("eigion 
medd ")  ;    he   knew  not   their  like ;   the   succour  of 
Mary  (and  several  saints)  be  to  Elizabeth,  and  that  of 
the  angels  to  Non  of  Glyn  Nedd,  &c.     The  annotator 
of  the  poem  remarks,  "The  same  language  which  was 
spoken  at  Aberpergwm  in  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth 
century   is   still   (1857)  not   only  spoken   there,   but 
cultivated." 

The  country  between  the  rivers  Neath  (Nedd)  and 
Avan,  the  stream  which  joins  the  sea  at  Aberavon, 
belonged  to  the  lordship  of  Avan,  which  was  pos- 
sessed after  the  Fitzhamon  conquest  by  Caradoc, 
eldest  son  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  and  his  successors, 
in  whose  lineage,  as  already  shown,  was  the  house  of 
Aberpergwm,  whose  patrimony  extended  along  both 
banks  of  the  river  Nedd. 

WILLIAMS,   The   Very  Eev.    Thomas,   the 
Deanery,  Llandaff,  Glamorganshire. 

Dean  of  Llandaff  1857 ;   Archdeacon  of 
Llandaff  1843 — l857J   Examining  Chap- 


lain to  late  and  present  Bishop  of  Llandaff; 
Author  of  "  Letter  to  the  Bishop  of  Llan- 
daff on  the  Condition  and  Wants  of  the 
Diocese,"  various  Sermons  and  Charges, 
&c. ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  Robert  Wil- 
liams, Esq.,  of  Aberbran,  Breconshire ;  is 
Patron  of  the  Priory  Church  of  St.  John's, 
Brecon  ;  b.  at  Monmouth,  August  10,  1801 ; 
ed.  at  Shrewsbury  School,  and  Oriel  Coll., 
Oxford;  grad.  ist  class  Lit.  Hum.  B  A. 
1822,  M.A.  1825;  m.,  1828,  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Archdeacon  Davies,  M.A.,  of 
Brecon  ;  has  issue  4  sons  and  3  daus.  living. 

Heir  :  Rev.  Gamons  Williams,  of  Abercam- 
lais,  Brecon. 

Residence  :  The  Deanery,  Llandaff. 

Arms :  Arg.,  a  chevron  gu.  between  three 
bulls'  heads  sa.  (quartering  Penty  of  Llwyn- 
cyntefin,  Garnons,  and  Davies), 

Crest :  A  bull's  head. 

Motto  :  Fide  et  amore. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Sir  Thomas 
Bullen,  one  of  Bernard  Newmarch's  knights.  The 
pedigree  and  descent  of  Aberbran,  without  alien- 
ation, from  the  time  of  Edward  III.,  may  be  seen 
in  Jones's  Hist,  of  Bruonshire,  ii.,  7°'-  See  also 
Williams  of  Abercamlais. 

WOOD,  Edward  Eolert,  Esq.,  of  Stouthall,  Gla- 
morganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ; 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1861;  Lieut.-Col. 
of  Royal  Glam.  Inf.  Militia,  and  formerly 
an  officer  in  the  army  ;  son  of  the  late 
John  Wood,  Esq.,  of  Cardiff;  m.  Mary, 
dau.  and  h.  of  the  late  Col.  J.  Nicholas 
Lucas,  of  Stouthall. 

Residence :  Stouthall,  near  Swansea. 
Arms :  An  oak  tree  fructed  ppr. 

Note. — John  Lucas  of  Stouthall  m.  Catherine,  dau. 
of  William  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Glanareth,  Llangadock, 
Carm.,  by  his  wife  Catherine,  dau.  of  John  Bowen, 
Esq.,  of  Gurrey,  Carm.  W.  Powell  was  murdered  in 
his  own  house,  and  thereupon  followed  a  celebrated 
trial  at  Hereford  which  resulted  in  the  execution  of 
Walter  Evan  and  David  Llewelyn,  3Oth  March,  1770. 
William  Williams,  the  principal,  had  successfully 
made  his  escape  to  France. 


of  CHamovgan. 


ANNALS,    &c,    OF    WALES. 

MERIONETHSHIRE 

(MEIRIONYDD). 

THE  name  Merioneth — a  near  approach  to  the  Cymric  form,  although,  in  its  present 
application  to  a  county,  of  a  date  only  contemporary  with  the  Statute  of  Rhuddlan  (A.D. 
1284) — is  to  be  ranked  as  one  of  the  ancient  territorial  designations  of  Wales.  Meirion, 
lineal  in  descent  from  Cunedda,  and  brother  of  Meurig,  King  of  South  Wales,  whose  daughter 
married  Rhodri  the  Great,  and  therefore  flourishing  in  the  early  part  of  the  ninth  century, 
was  Lord  of  Meirionydd,  and  gave  the  district  over  which  he  ruled  his  name.  That 
district,  however,  was  by  no  means  co-extensive  with  the  present  "  county,"  but  formed 
the  tract  on  the  sea-coast  between  the  rivers  Dyfi  and  Maw,  and  inland  as  far  as  Cader 
Idris,  which,  in  the  topographical  division  of  Wales  into  cantrefs  and  comots,  about  the 
time  of  the  last  Prince  Llewelyn  or  earlier,  was  distinguished  as  the  cantref  Q{  Meirion.  To 
this  and  the  other  cantrefs  reference  will  again  be  made.  The  terminating  ydd,  or  eth,  is 
one  of  common  occurrence  in  ancient  Welsh  names  of  districts,  as  in  Maelienjv/*/,  Gwin- 
\onydd,  EivionyrtW,  Mefen^</</y  and  seems  to  have  had  the  meaning  of  a  tract  or  extent  of 
country  belonging  to  the  person  whose  name  formed  the  preceding  part  of  the  word. 
Merioneth,  in  ancient  Cymric  and  Latin  records,  takes  the  various  forms,  Meirionnith, 
Meyronnith,  Meironit,  Meronnyth,  &c. 


SECTION  I.— PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MERIONETH. 

This  county,  beyond  question  the  wildest  and  most  picturesque  in  Wales,  may  be 
described  as  a  series  of  mountains  with  just  sufficient  breaks  in  valleys,  gullies,  and 
chasms  to  separate  them.  Its  nearest  approach  to  a  plain  is  the  celebrated  Vale  of  Edeir- 
nion,  on  the  Dee,  beyond  Bala.  The  mountains  are  too  abrupt  and  craggy  to  admit  of  an 
elevated  table-land  of  any  size. 

The  county  takes  the  general  form  of  a  triangle,  nearly  equilateral.  The  side  lying  on 
the  Cardigan  Bay,  extending  from  Aberdyfi  (corruptly  "  Aberdovey  ")  to  Beddgelert,  is  about 
thirty-seven  miles  in  a  straight  line ;  the  other  sides  proceeding  from  these  points,  and  aft;r 
various  deviations  from  a  direct  course  meeting  on  the  river  Dee  in  the  Vale  of  Llangollen, 
are  between  forty  and  fifty  miles  each.  The  entire  triangle  has  an  area  of  666  square 
miles,  or  385,291  acres.  How  much  of  this  surface  is  arable  land  it  would  be  perilous  to 
say  :  a  much  larger  proportion  would  be  desolate  moorland,  or  bare  and  craggy  rock  ;  but 
in  narrow  intervals  between  the  hills,  where  the  cataracts  leap,  and  the  small  rivers  pursue 


650  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

their  lively  and  noisy  courses,  there  are  found  scenes  of  smiling  fertility  and  beauty,  abysmal 
steeps  and  tangled  primitive  forest,  the  charms  of  which  it  is  impossible  for  any  effort  of 
imagination  to  surpass.  No  part  of  Britain  more  bewitchingly  invites  the  artist,  or  more 
sweetly  regales  the  intelligent  tourist. 

The  population  of  Merioneth  has  been  less  affected  by  the  stimulus  of  growing  trade 
than  that  of  several  other  counties  of  the  Principality.  The  great  slate  quarries  of  Festiniog, 
however,  and  the  port  of  Portmadoc,  an  auxiliary  to  the  trade  they  have  developed,  have 
drawn  a  large  accession  to  the  north-western  corner  of  the  county  ;  while  the  formation  of 
railways  along  the  coast  connecting  Cardiganshire  with  Carnarvonshire,  and  through  the  heart 
of  the  county  from  Llangollen  to  Barmouth,  in  obedience  to  the  modern  spirit  of  travel  and 
the  behests  of  this  county's  physical  attractions,  have  operated  in  the  same  way  at  various 
other  points.  In  1801  the  population  of  Merioneth  was  27,506.  Through  the  last  five 
decades  it  stood  as  follows  : — 

Total  population  of  Merioneth  in  1831  35,609 

1841  •--  ...  39.332 

1851  ...  ...  38,843 

„  „  1861  ...  ...  38,963 

„  „  1871  •••  ...  47»369 

These  census  results  show  only  a  trifling  increase  in  the  thirty  years  preceding  1861; 
but  in  the  ten  years  following  the  increase  is  more  than  a  fifth  of  the  sum-total  of  the 
inhabitants. 

The  great  physical  outlines  of  the  county,  traced  by  its  mountains  and  valleys,  rivers 
and  estuaries,  are  well  defined.  Cader  Idris,  2,914  feet  above  the  sea  level,  is  not  in  fact 
the  loftiest  elevation  in  the  county,  although  it  enjoys  a  wider  fame  than  any  other,  for 
Aran  Mowddwy,  or  Mawddwy,  a  less  precipitous  and  therefore  less  interesting  mass,  some 
fifteen  miles  to  the  north-east  of  it,  attains  a  height  of  2,955  feet-  These  mountains  are 
the  boldest  heights,  terminating  in  the  south-west  of  the  great  Berwyn  range  running 
nearly  the  whole  length  of  the  county  on  its  southerly  side,  and  dividing  it  generally  by  various 
spurs  and  windings  from  Montgomeryshire  and  Denbighshire.  The  third  great  elevation 
in  this  range  is  Cader  Fronwen,  some  seven  miles  south  of  Corwen,  and  measuring  2,563 
feet.  West  of  Bala,  and  near  the  centre  of  the  county,  is  a  group  of  mountains  called  the 
Arenig,  of  which  the  Arenig  Fawr,  2,809  feet,  is  the  highest  point.  The  Harlech  range, 
stretching  nearly  due  north,  parallel  with  the  coast  from  Barmouth  to  Festiniog,  and  in 
apparent  relation  with  the  royal  heights  of  Snowdon,  is  the  third  system  of  mountains  in 
this  rugged  county,  but  its  highest  points  fall  considerably  short  of  the  other  elevations. 
We  have  already  said  that  no  extensive  table-lands  exist ;  but  in  the  central  parts  between 
the  triangularly  situated  points  of  Bala,  Dolgelley,  and  Festiniog,  there  is  a  general  elevation 
of  the  mountain  bases,  which  causes  this  part  to  be  the  great  watershed  of  Merionethshire. 
Here  the  chief  streams  and  their  tributaries  have  their  birth.  Here  is  situated  that  ridge, 
scarcely  perceptible  to  the  eye  even  when  the  spectator  stands  upon  it,  which  makes  the 
tiny  rivulet,  the  beginning  of  the  Dee,  to  run  in  one  way  in  search  of  the  Bala  lake,  and  the 
equally  diminutive  Wnion  to  turn  in  another  in  search  of  Dolgelley  and  a  confluence  with 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MERIONETH.  651 

the  Mawddach.  In  this  high  region  spring  the  Cain  and  the  Eden,  which,  with  other 
streams,  form  the  Maw,  and,  along  with  the  Wnion,  which  they  join  below  Dolgelley,  pursue 
their  widening  course  to  the  estuary  of  Barmouth,  environed  by  scenes  of  picturesque  beauty 
which  the  banks  of  the  Rhine  can  only  approximately  rival.  Here  also,  from  the  bosom  of 
the  high  Arenig  (2,809  feet),  the  Lliw  and  the  Trywerin,  both  contributing  to  the  Dee,  and 
the  stream  of  Cwm  Prysor,  which  travels  by  Trawsfynydd  to  join  the  Dwyryd  and  Traeth 
Bach  in  the  Cardigan  Bay,  take  their  rise.  This  is  a  region  of  mist,  bogs,  and  lakes,  of 
wild  fowl  and  diminutive  sheep,  of  humble  cottages,  turf  fires,  simple  and  shy  manners,  and 
withal  nearly  unmixed  Celtic  blood.  No  coach-road  has  yet  traversed  it,  and  no  railway 
ever  will  invade  it, — unless,  indeed,  some  treasures  of  gold,  copper,  or  slate,  as  yet  undis- 
covered, should  tempt  the  enterprise  of  the  ages  coming  to  form  one.  On  the  heights  of 
Festiniog  to  the  north,  multitudes  have  gathered  to  work  the  cleavage  rocks  ;  in  the  con- 
trary direction  the  fair  valley  of  the  Dee,  Bala  Lake,  and  the  delightful  ravine  of  the  Wnion, 
Dolgelley,  and  Cader  Idris,  are  thronged  in  summer  by  sight-devouring  tourists  from  all 
lands  ;  but  as  yet  the  moors,  heaths,  and  craigs  of  Craig  y  Dinas,  Llech  Idris,  Bedd  Porus, 
and  Mynydd yr  Wden,  are  left  in  their  undisturbed  quietude,  and  the  Cymry  here  have  it 
all  their  own  way. 

The  Dysynni  river,  which  ends  its  course  at  Towyn,  has  its  proper  head  in  the  Lfyn,  or 
lake,  "  Meingul,"  but  receives  additions  to  its  volume  from  the  various  streamlets  which  issue 
from  the  sides  of  Tal-y-llyn  ("  the  lake  eminence  ")  and  Cader  Idris,  and  traverses  the  region  of 

Cantref  Meirion, 

ruled  in  ancient  times   by  the  chieftain  whose  name  is  now  impressed  upon  the   whole 

county,  and  which  included  the  three  comots  of — 

• 
Talybont,  Ystumaner,  Pennal. 

In  the  last-named  comot  (which  has  sometimes  been  considered  as  part  only  of  Ystu- 
maner), and  near  the  modern  village  of  Pennal,  was  fought  a  great  battle  in  the  fifteenth 
century  between  the  Yorkists,  under  William,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  the  Lancastrians,  led 
by  Thomas  ap  Gruffydd  ap  Nicholas  (of  Dinefawr,  father  of  the  celebrated  Sir  Rhys  ap 
Thomas),  who  won  the  day.  These  York  and  Lancaster  conflicts  (the  Wars  of  the  Roses) 
led  eventually  to  the  placing  of  the  Welshman,  Henry  VII.,  on  the  English  throne,  greatly 
through  the  aid  of  the  said  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas.  (See  p.  240.)  This  whole  district  is  wild 
and  romantic.  Aberdyfi  is  a  little  town  growing  into  prominence  ;  and  so  is  Towyn  ;  the 
situation  of  both  being  inviting  to  the  passing  visitor,  through  the  unsurpassed  salubrity  of 
the  climate,  magnificence  of  the  sands,  and  charms  of  the  inland  scenery.  Near  Pennal 
are  the  mansions  of  Esgair  and  Pantlludw  (see  Ruck  of  Pantlludw)  ;  Talgarth  Hall  (see 
Thruston  of  Talgarth  Hall);  Pennal  Toiver  (see  Thruston  of  Pennal  Tower);  Llugwy  (see 
Anwyl  of  Llugwy)  ;  £ryn-awt/ (see  Pughe  of  Bryn-awel) ;  and  Ynys-y-maengwyn  (see  Corbel 
of  Ynys-y-maengwyn).  Across  the  Dysynni  we  are  in  the  ancient  comot  of  Talybont,  rich  in 
memories  and  grand  in  aspect.  Here  we  immediately  encounter  the  mansion  and  demesne 
of  Peniarth,  famous  in  modern  times  as  containing  the  most  valuable  collection  of  Welsh 
MSS.  extant,  and  certainly  one  of  the  most  interesting  in  its  bearing  upon  Celtic  literature 
and  Cymric  history  in  Europe — the  British  Museum  alone  excepted. 


652 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION— PENIARTH  ;  TALYBONT.  653 

This  ancient  seat  of  the  Wynne  family  is  situated  in  the  parish  of  Llanegryn,  and  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Dysynni.  The  present  house  is  a  large,  square,  substantial  building, 
partly  built  in  1700,  partly  in  1812.  To  the  north  is  a  wing  of  large  dimensions,  erected 
some  time  after  the  older  part  of  the  house.  It  contains  the  billiard-room,  some  offices, 
and  bedrooms.  The  more  ancient  part  of  Peniarth  was  pulled  down  when  the  house  was 
altered,  in  1812.  It  is  said  to  have  been  of  great  antiquity,  but  had  no  architectural 
features  to  denote  its  age.  It  came  into  possession  of  Griffith  ap  Aron,  an  ancestor  of  the 
present  owner,  by  a  mortgage  dated  in  1416,  which  was  never  redeemed. 

Peniarth  is  especially  remarkable  for  its  library  of  printed  books,  and  manuscripts  of 
very  great  value.  The  collection  of  books  here  was  a  very  valuable  one  prior  to  the 
bequest  by  the  late  Sir  Robert  Williames  Vaughan,  Bart.,  of  the  celebrated  "  Hengwrt 
MSS."  to  his  friend  and  kinsman,  Mr.  Wynne.  Amongst  the  printed  books  we  may  mention 
Cranmer's  Bible,  printed  on  vellum  in  1539,  and  beautifully  illuminated,  of  which  three 
copies  only  issued  from  the  press ;  a  probably  unique  copy  of  the  Speculum  vita  Christi, 
printed  by  Caxton ;  a  beautiful  copy  of  the  very  rare  Welsh  Testament  of  1567,  edited  by 
Salusbury.  Amongst  the  MSS.  is  the  celebrated  Sand  Great;  the  still  more  celebrated 
Black  Book  of  Carmarthen,  part  of  which  was  written  about  the  year  1190,  and  is  believed 
to  be  in  the  handwriting  of  Cynddelw  Brydydd  Mawr  (Cynddelw  the  great  poet) ;  and  the 
Book  of  Taliesin,  written  soon  after  the  year  1200. 

Talybont,  somewhat  more  than  two  miles  from  Peniarth,  near  the  road  to  Towyn,  gives 
its  name  to  the  extensive  comot,  now  "  hundred,"  in  which  it  stands,  and  is  the  manor-house  of 
the  ancient  manor  of  Talybont.  It  was  in  the  possession  of  Prince  Llewelyn,  and  afterwards 
of  the  sovereigns  of  England  till  the  reign  of  James  I.,  when  it  became  the  property  of  the 
Owens  of  Peniarth  from  whom  it  descended  to  the  Wynnes.  (See  Wynne  of  Peniarth.} 

Prince  Llewelyn,  in  1275,  dates  his  letters  to  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  and 
York,  and  their  suffragans  in  council,  in  London,  from  this  place.  (See  hereafter  History 
of  Merionethshire.}  In  1295  King  Edward  I.  dates  a  charter  from  hence. 

There  are  no  vestiges  of  the  residence  which  Llewelyn  owned  here  ;  but  it  is  probable 
that  the  large  artificial  mound,  close  to  the  bank  of  the  Dysynni,  formed  part  of  its  defences. 

On  a  rock  in  the  comot  of  Talybont,  upon  the  bank  of  the  little  river  Llaethnant  ("  the 
milk  stream  "),  was  situated,  says  Vaughan  the  antiquary,  of  Hengwrt,  a  strong  castle 
called  Castell y  Biri,  built,  he  thinks,  by  the  Earl  of  Chester,  when  Gruffydd  ap  Cynan, 
Prince  of  North- Wales,  was  his  prisoner.  In  the  parish  of  Llangelynin,  close  by  the  shore, 
are  the  ruins,  according  to  the  same  eminent  antiquary,  of  Caer  Bradwen,  the  stronghold 
of  the  chieftain  Bradwen,  father  of  Ednowain,  founder  of  one  of  the  fifteen  noble  tribes  of 
North  Wales. 

To  the  east  of  Talybont,  in  the  ancient  British — 

Cantref  of  Cedewain  and  Comot  of  Mawddwy, 

lies  Mallwyd,  a  parish  "  delightfully  situated  between  the  salient  angles  of  three  abrupt 
mountains,"  and  rendered  popular  to  the  Welsh  people  by  the  residence  there  in  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century  of  Dr.  John  Davies  (d.  1644),  author  of  a  Welsh  and, Latin  Lexicon 
{Antiques  Lingua  Brit.  Rudimenta,  1621),  and  assistant  of  Bishop  Parry  of  St.  Asaph  in 
the  translation  of  the  Bible  into  Welsh  (or  rather,  in  the  re-editing  of  Dr.  Morgan's  trans- 


654  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

lation),  the  son  of  a  "  poor  weaver  of  Llanferres,"  but  withal  of  a  good  family,  for  he  was 
entitled  to  call  "  Vaughan  of  Hengwrt"  his  "cousin"  (Yorke's  Royal  Tribes;  and  Dr. 
Davies"  Letter  to  Sir  John  Wynne  of  Gwydir,  Cambr.  Reg.,  ii.,  470).  He  was  a  man  of 
extensive  attainments  and  great  worth,  and  "out  of  his  own  means  built  three  public 
bridges  for  his  parish."  Penetrating  two  or  three  miles  farther  into  the  Berwyn  Hills  we 
come  upon  Dinas  Mawddwy  and  Llan-yn-Mawddwy,  which  with  Mallwyd  formed  the  comot 
of  Mawddwy,  in  the  ancient  division  of  Wales,  belonging  to  the  princedom  of  Powys  Wen- 
wynwyn.  This  is  pre-eminently,  even  in  Merionethshire,  a  region  of  hills,  the  piled-up 
outskirts  of  a  stormy  sea  of  mountains  stretching  across  Bwlch-y-groes  as  far  as  Bala  Lake 
northwards,  and  as  far  as  Cader  Idris  westwards,  with  scarcely  room  for  the  rivulets  and  the 
high-roads  to  pass  side  by  side  between.  Llan-yn-Mawddwy  is  noted  in  more  modern  times 
for  its  succession  of  learned  rectors ;  but  the  whole  region  around  has  recently  felt  a  power- 
ful and  beneficial  impulse  from  the  formation  of  the  new  demesne  of  Plds  Dinas  Mawddwy, 
the  property  of  Sir  Edmund  .Buckley,  Bart.  (See  Buckley  of  Plds  Dinas  Mawddwy.) 

After  some  years  ago  becoming  possessed  of  the  Dinas  Mawddwy  estate,  the  proprietor 
added  thereto,  by  purchase  and  exchange,  large  tracts  of  surrounding  lands,  and  has  con- 
solidated a  wide  and  compact  estate.  By  the  addition  of  Eunant  and  Rhiwargo  in  the  co. 
of  Montgomery,  and  Aberhirnant  in  Merioneth,  his  domain  now  extends  from  below 
Mallwyd  to  near  the  town  of  Bala.  This  magnificent  chaotic  district  contains  spots  of  the 
most  exquisite  beauty,  as  well  as  extensive  tracts  where  Nature  disports  herself  in 
her  most  abandoned  and  uncultured  wildness.  The  formation  is  of  the  Cambrian  series, 
and  contains  lead  mines  and  slate.  The  enterprising  proprietor  opened  up  the  district  in 
1867  by  the  construction  at  his  own  expense  of  a  public  railway,  seven  miles  long,  called 
the  Mawddwy  line,  traversing  the  fair  valley  of  Dyfi,  and  joining  the  Cambrian  Railway  at 
Cemmaes  Road  station. 

The  old  house  of  the  Myttons  has  been  replaced  by  the  sumptuous  mansion  of  Plas 
Dinas  Mawddwy,  now  (1872)  nearly  completed.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  rugged 
"  Moel  y  Dinas  "  ("the  stronghold  eminence  "),  on  a  small  plateau,  just  sufficiently  large  for 
the  ornamental  grounds  and  gardens  of  such  an  establishment,  near  the  fall  of  the  little  river 
Cerest  into  the  Dyfi  (Dovey). 

The  scenery  around,  in  boldness  all  that  mountains  can  make  it,  is  enlivened  by  tiny 
well-wooded  valleys,  frequent  cascades  rushing  over  precipitous  rocks,  and  tastefully  laid  -out 
plantations ;  the  lofty  rocks  of  Cowarch  are  nigh,  and  the  bold  peak  of  Aran  Fawddwy, 
about  five  miles  off,  visible  from  great  distances,  is  on  the  estate. 

Among  the  few  antiquities  of  this  neighbourhood  is  the  old  oratory  or  religious  house 
of  Cae  Abatty,  of  which  a  rude  arch  in  one  of  the  farm  buildings,  and  a  part  of  a  massive 
refectory  table,  are  the  only  vestiges  remaining.  There  is  a  well  in  the  grounds  of  the  Plds 
formerly  held  in  esteem  for  its  sanitary  virtues,  or  "  miraculous  cures,"  and  the  bridge  over 
the  Clywedog  near  Mallwyd,  called  Pontrhyd-y-Cleifion  ("the  invalids'  bridge"),  is  thought 
to  bear  allusion  to  it.  The  name  Cwm  yr  Eglwys  ("  the  church  vale  ")  seems  to  intimate 
the  existence  at  one  time  of  a  church  at  Ffridd  Gilcwm,  but  no  signs  of  it  now  remain. 

The  hill  of  "  Moel  y  Dinas,"  above  the  mansion,  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  natural 
stronghold  of  the  district,  and  for  this  purpose  it  was  well  suited,  both  by  its  form,  and 
the  springs  of  water  which  issue  from  its  spacious  summit. 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION— PLAS  DINAS  MAWDDWY. 


655 


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656 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


Sir  Edmund  Buckley  is  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Mawddwy,  a  manor  having  peculiar 
privileges  descending  from  its  first  lord,  William  de  la  Pale,  or  Will  Coch  o  Fawddwy  ("red 
Will  of  Mawddwy"),  who  in  1289  had  a  grant  of  the  district  from  his  brother,  Owen  ap 
Gruffydd,  son  of  Gvvenwynwyn,  Prince  of  Powys  Wenwynwyn,  who  preserved  his  territories 
by  becoming  a  tributary  to  King  John,  and  holding  them  in  capite.  The  lord  of  the  manor 
appoints  the  mayor  of  the  ancient  borough  of  Dinas  Mawddwy,  who  has  magisterial 
authority,  fallen,  however,  into  desuetude  beyond  the  committal  of  offenders  to  the  stocks  or 
iron  fetters,  called  "  Y  neg  fawr."  This,  together  with  the  town  "  mace,"  is  kept  at  the  Plas 
as  the  only  insignia  of  the  former  municipal  government.  The  mayor  is  selected  from 
amongst  the  burgesses,  and  half-yearly  leet-courts  are  regularly  held,  and  well  attended. 

The  old  town  of  Dinas  is  rapidly  disappearing,  as  its  houses  are  taken  down  one  after 
another  to  make  room  for  the  improvement  and  enlargement  of  the  grounds  about  the  Plas ; 


PLAS  DINAS  MAWDIIWY — FRONT  VIEW. 

while,  to  the  advantage  of  its  inhabitants,  a  new  town  is  rising  near  the  Mawddwy  railway 
station  and  the  Minllyn  slate  and  slab  works,  which  bids  fair  to  surpass  in  importance  the 
ancient  "  city,"  and  will  be  considerably  nearer  the  parish  church  of  Mallwyd. 

One  portion  of  Sir  Edmund's  estate,  that  of  Dugoed  ("  Blackwood "),  near  Llidiart 
y  Barwn  ("  the  Baron's  Gate  "),  on  the  road  from  Mallwyd  to  Welshpool,  is  well  known  as 
the  scene  of  an  atrocious  murder,  committed  by  a  party  of  bandits  called  Gwilliaid  Cochiou 
Mawddwy  ("  the  red  vagabonds  of  Mawddwy  "),  the  following  account  of  which  was  written 
by  the  celebrated  Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt,  who  was  great-grandson  of  the  un- 
fortunate Baron  Owen  : — 

"  Lewis  Owen  [of  Llwyn,  near  Dolgellau],  Esq.,  vicechamberlaine  &  Baron  of  y«  Excheq. 


DINAS  MAWDDWY;  STORY  OF  "BARON  OWEN.1' 


657 


of  North  Wales,  lived  in  great  credit  and  authorise,  in  ye  tyme  of  King  Henry  8,  Edw.  6, 
and  Queen  Mary,  as  it  appeareth  by  their  letters  under  sign  Manuell  directed  to  him  and 
John  Wynne  ap  Meredith  of  Gwedir,  Esqre>  touching  matters  that  concerned  the  peace 
and  quiet  governmn'  of  the  country,  as  the  apprehending  of  and  punishing  of  felons  and 
outlaweys  (which  from  the  civille  warres  betweene  Yorke  and  Lancaster  abounded  in  ye 
countrey,  and  never  left  robbing,  burning  of  houses,  and  murthering  of  people,  in  soe  much 
that  being  very  numerous  they  did  often  drive  great  droves  of  cattell  sometymes  to  ye  number 
of  a  hundred  &  more  from  one  countrey  to  another  at  middle  day,  as  in  the  tyme  of  warre 
with  out  feare,  shame,  pittie  or  punishm',  to  the  utter  undoin  of  the  poorer  sorte);  And 
they  in  ye  performance  of  the  dutie  required  by  some  of  those  letters  (being  authorized  to 
call  to  theyr  ayde  the  power  of  the  counties,  and  alsoe  to  keep  sessions  of  goal  delivery  when 


PLAS  DINAS  MAWDDWY— SIDE  VIEW. 


occasion  required)  raysed  a  great  company  of  talle  and  lustie  men  ;  and  on  a  Christmas 
eave  tooke  above  80  felons  and  outlawes,  whome  they  punished  according  to  the  nature  of 
theire  delinquencies ;  as  the  noble  Sr  Jo.  Wynn  of  Gwedir,  Knt.  and  Baronet  [author  of  the 
History  of  the  Gwydir  Family,  d.  ist  of  March,  1626-7],  grandchild  of  the  former  John 
Wynn,  often  tould  me.  The  letters  aforesaid  I  have  seen  and  read,  and  are  yet  extant  in 
the  house  of  Gwedir.  Afterwards  the  said  Lewis  Owen,  being  High  Sheriffe  of  ye  county 
of  Merioneth,  and  having  occasion  to  goe  to  Montgomeryshire  assizes,  to  treat  with  ye  Lord 
of  Mouthewy,  about  a  marriage  to  be  had  betweene  Joh  Owen,  his  sonne  &  heire, 
&  yc  daughter  of  yc  sayd  Lord  of  Mouthewy,  was  in  his  returne  met  by  a  damned  crew  of 


658  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

thieves  &  outlawes,  who  in  the  thick  woods  of  Mouthewy  lay  in  wayt  for  his  coming,  and 
had  cutt  downe  long  trees  to  crosse  y<=  way  and  hinder  his  passage,  &  being  come  to  the 
place,  they  let  flie  att  him  a  shower  of  arrowes,  whereof  one  lighted  in  his  face,  the  which 
he  took  out  with  his  hand  &  brake  it;  then  they  all  fell  upon  him  with  theire  bills  and  javelings 
&  killed  him.  His  men  upon  the  first  assault  fledd,  &  left  him  onely  accompanied  with  his 
son  in  law,  John  Llwyd  of  Keiswyn,  Esqre>  who  defended  him  till  he  fell  down  to  the  ground 
as  dead,  where  he  was  found  having  above  30  bloody  wounds  in  his  body.  This  cruell 
murther  was  committed  about  Alhallowtide  in  yc  yeare  of  our  Lord  1555.  And  the 
murtherers  soone  after  were  for  ye  most  parte  taken  &  executed,  some  few  fledd  the  land  & 
never  returned.  And  soe  with  the  losse  of  his  life  he  purchased  peace  &  quietnes  to  his 
countrey,  the  wch  God  be  praised  we  enjoy  even  to  or  dayes." 

Baron  Owen  was  murdered  on  the  nth  of  October  (1555),  not  far  from  a  place  still 
called  Llidiart y  Barwn  ("the  Baron's  Gate").  There  is  a  tradition  extant  which  relates 
that  the  mother  of  a  young  man  who  was  executed  when  the  first  batch  of  the  outlaws 
were  apprehended,  earnestly  besought  Baron  Owen  to  spare  his  life ;  but  her  entreaties 
were  refused.  "  Then,"  exclaimed  the  enraged  mother,  baring  her  bosom,  "  these  breasts 
have  nourished  those  who  will  avenge  my  son  and  wash  their  hands  in  the  blood  of  their 
kinsman's  murderers  ! " 

The  first  Gwilliaid  or  their  captains  are  said  to  have  been  at  one  time  persons  of  property, 
masters  of  "  eighty  hearths,"  and  rendered  desperate  by  some  acts  of  oppression.  The  site  of 
their  chief  mansion  is  still  shown  in  the  upper  part  of  the  farm  of  Dugoed  Mawr.  These 
having  become  outlaws,  rallied  round  them  all  the  turbulent  spirits  of  the  neighbourhood. 
The  whole  property  belonging  to  several  branches  of  the  family  was  forfeited,  excepting 
one  farm,  Dugoed  Issa,  the  owner  of  which,  though  a  relation,  was  endowed  with  more 
prudence  or  honesty  than  his  fellows.  This  farm  was  sold  to  the  late  Sir  Watkin  W. 
Wynn  above  100  years  ago.  These  men  fixed  scythes  in  the  chimneys  of  Dugoed  Mawr, 
to  prevent  the  robbers  from  entering  the  house,  but  they  were  removed,  as  is  known  to 
persons  living,  some  sixty  years  since.  The  Dugoed  estate  was  sold  by  Sir  Watkin 
W.  Wynn  to  the  late  Mr.  Buckley,  senior,  of  Ardwick. 

The  marriage  alluded  to  in  the  foregoing  account  between  John,  son  and  heir  of  Baron 
Owen,  and  Ursula,  daughter  of  Richard  Mytton,  of  Plas  y  Dinas,  Lord  of  Mawddwy,  took 
place,  and  they  had  several  children,  who  became  by  marriage  allied  with  some  of  the 
principal  families  of  the  county. 

Quitting  the  romantic  defiles  of  Dinas  Mawddwy, — 

"  Once  for  freemen  hiding-places, 
Lurking-places  for  the  robber  band," 

the  road  to  Bala,  in  one  direction,  mounts  the  lofty  pass  of  Bwlch-y-groes,  and  looks  straight 
on  to  the  basin  of  the  Dee;  in  another  direction  it  makes  for  Dolgelley  over  the  pass  of 
Bwlch-Oer-ddrws  ("  the  cold  doorway  pass"),  a  name  which  is  not  inappropriate.  Immediately 
around  is  a  bleak  and  dismal  waste,  but  as  the  eye  traverses  the  distance  and  surveys  the 
heights  of  Cader  Idris,  the  wooded  basin  of  the  Maw,  and  the  deep  depression  through 
which  the  Wnion  rushes  down  to  Dolgelley,  the  environment  of  the  estuary  of  Barmouth, 
and  the  range  of  the  Harlech  Mountains,  the  prospect  becomes  grand  and  enchanting. 


CAERYNWCH  ;  NANNAU  ;  HENGWRT.  659 

These  bleak  heights  of  "  Oer-ddrws  "  were  often  the  rendezvous  of  patriotic  bands  during 
the  wars  of  the  Edwardian  period,  and  notably  one  of  the  places  of  council,  where  chief 
men  of  the  surrounding  districts  met,  after  the  death  of  Owen  Glyndwr,  to  concert 
measures  for  the  safety  and  good  government  of  the  country. 

The  summits  of  Aran  Fawddwy  and  Aran  Benllyn  to  the  north  of  this  pass  were  occu- 
pied as  stations  by  the  Trigonometrical  Survey.  From  the  former,  2,955  feet  high,  the 
panorama  of  mountain  and  valley,  crumbling  steeps  and  dismal  chasms,  is  truly  magnificent. 
To  the  north-east  is  seen  the  largest  lake  in  Wales — Llyn  Tegid,  mirroring  in  its  pellucid 
depths  the  mountains  hanging  on  its  margin,  and  the  Vale  of  Eddrnion  stretching  beyond, 
conducting  the  ample  flow  of  the  Dee  into  the  Vale  of  Llangollen.  Nearly  due  east  extends 
the  devious  range  of  the  Berwyn  Hills,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Dee  from  the  basin  of 
the  Severn,  the  county  of  Merioneth  from  the  county  of  Montgomery,  and  in  ancient  times 
the  kingdom  of  Gwynedd  from  that  of  Powys.  From  a  lake  in  the  eastern  side  of  Aran 
the  Dyfi  begins  its  course,  first  through  a  gloomy  chasm  or  cwm,  and  then  through  a 
narrow  and  tortuous  valley,  which  gradually  grows  in  breadth  and  beauty  as  it  passes  Dinas 
Mawddwy  and  Mallwyd  for  Madiynlleth  and  the  sea. 

On  the  way  from  Bwlch-Oer-ddrws  to  Dolgelley  there  is  a  gradual  stony  descent  into  a 
genial  and  cultivated  district.  Caerynwch,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Vaughans  and  Richards 
(see  fiichards  of  CaerynwcK),  is  passed  on  the  right,  embosomed  in  trees  on  the  banks  of  the 
Clywedog.  In  the  beautiful  country  around  Dolgelley  are  situated  several  of  the  most 
venerable  mansions  in  North  Wales.  On  the  high  ground,  three  miles  to  the  north,  is  the 
famous  Nannau,  for  many  ages  the  home  of  the  Nanneys  and  the  Vaughans  (see  Vaughan 
of  Nannau),  remarkable  now  for  the  extent  of  its  park,  its  elevated  situation  (being  700 
feet  above  the  sea),  and  the  fine  forest  trees  which,  notwithstanding  its  height,  enrich  it.  Near 
the  house  stood  till  1813  the  celebrated  hollow  oak  called  Ceubren  yr  Ellyll  ("the  demon's 
hollow  tree  ")  measuring  in  girth  27  J  feet.  It  was  and  still  is  a  tradition  that  Owain  Glyndwr, 
having  slain  his  cousin  Howel  Sele",  the  owner  of  Nannau,  who,  instead  of  joining  in  the  in- 
surrection, had  treacherously  attempted  his  life,  cast  the  body  into  this  hollow  tree,  where  it 
remained  for  forty  years.  This  tradition  gave  birth  to  -the  visions  of  goblins  which  long 
made  the  spot  the  dread  of  the  peasantry,  and  which  for  many  ages  to  come  will  invest  it 
with  a  degree  of  superstitious  interest.  Above  Nannau  is  a  lofty  precipitous  rock  called 
Mael  Offrwm  (the  hill  of  sacrifice),  or,  as  some  have  named  it,  Moel  Orthrwm  (the  hill  of 
oppression) ;  but  nothing  is  certainly  known  of  its  past  history.  The  last  Sir  Robert 
Vaughan,  Bart.,  of  Nannau,  d.  1859,  leaving  no  issue,  divided  his  extensive  estates  between 
his  relations  and  friends.  The  Nannau  property  he  left  to  the  Hon.  Thomas  Pryce  Lloyd 
(see  Lloyd  of  Pengwerri)  for  life,  with  remainder  to  John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  now  residing  at 
Nannau;  the  Hengwrt  estate  was  given  to  his  wife's  three  sisters  (Hon.  Miss  Lloyds),  also  for 
life ;  and  the  Rhug  estate  he  bestowed  upon  the  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynn,  younger  son  of  Lord 
Newborough  (see  Wynn  of  Rhug). 

In  the  valley  nearer  the  town  of  Dolgelley  is  the  mansion  of  Hengwrt,  just  named,  a 
place  in  some  respects  of  greater  celebrity  even  than  Nannau.  It  was  the  home  of  the 
same  house  of  Vaughan,  and  obtained  distinction  mainly  through  its  eminent  owner, 
Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.,  the  antiquary,  a  contemporary  with  Camden,  and  an  extensive  col- 
lector of  valuable  MSS.,'and  other  works  on  Welsh  history  and  literature,  which  are  now 


660  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

part  of  the  unique  library  of  Peniart/t,  and  under  the  pious  care  of  their  present  owner 
likely  to  be  turned  to  permanent  public  use.  Mr.  Vaughan  died  1667. 

In  the  new  neighbourhood  of  Dolgelley  are  Dolserau,  the  seat  of  Charles  Edwards,  Esq. ; 
Vronumion,  the  seat  of  Lewis  Williams,  Esq. ;  Bryn-y-gwin,  the  seat  of  Hugh  John  Reveley, 
Esq.;  Abergwynant,  the  seat  of  Col.  Henry  W.  St.  Pierre  Bunbury,  C.B. ;  and  Hengwrtucha, 
the  seat  of  Howel  Morgan,  Esq.  All  these  are  situated  in  the  ancient  comot  of  Talybont, 
which  included  the  site  of  the  town  of  Dolgelley,  and  extended  from  Llanfachreth  in  the 
north-east  to  Llanegryn  on  the  Cardigan  Bay  in  the  south-west,  taking  in  the  whole  Cader 
Idris  region  between  the  estuary  of  Mawddach  and  the  Dyssynni  river.  To  the  north  of 
Dolgelley,  at  the  distance  of  two  miles,  and  near  the  junction  of  the  Maw  and  the  Wnion, 
are  the  remains  of  Cymmer  Abbey,  presenting  upon  the  whole  a  sadly  neglected  ruin,  but  still 
retaining  a  few  of  the  finer  features  of  window,  interior  arch,  and  pillar,  which  formed  part 
in  the  thirteenth  century  of  a  magnificent  pile.  The  abbey  was  Cistercian,  and  it  is  believed 
to  have  been  erected  under  the  auspices  of  Prince  Gruffydd  ap  Cynan  in  the  twelfth 
century.  Llewelyn  the  Great  gave  it  a  charter  in  1209.  Elizabeth  granted  it  to  Robert, 
Earl  of  Leicester.  It  became  afterwards  the  property  of  the  Vaughans.  Dolmelynllyn,  the 
seat  of  Charles  R.  Williams,  Esq.,  lies  further  up  the  vale. 

The  estuary  of  the  Mawddach  from  Dolgelley  to  Barmouth  yields  scenes  of  physical 
beauty  and  grandeur  which  are  seldom  equalled.  When  the  tide  is  in,  the  estuary  is  a 
splendid  lake,  whose  margins  are  deeply  indented  by  projections  of  the  hills  and  by  retiring 
creeks  kept  open  by  the  mountain  streams,  and  almost  everywhere  wooded  to  the  water's 
edge.  On  the  south  rise  the  abrupt  eminences  of  Cader  Idris ;  on  either  side  in  the 
nearer  approaches  to  the  water  the  country  is  craggy,  deeply  gullied,  and  sweetly  clad  in 
groves  of  fir,  ash,  and  oak.  The  railway  runs  parallel  with  the  high  road  on  the  southern  side, 
and  on  the  northern  is  about  the  most  charming  coach  drive  in  the  kingdom.  The  banks 
of  the  Rhine  are  tame  compared  with  the  banks  of  the  Mawddach,  and  Switzerland  itself, 
though  doubtless  abounding  in  scenes  of  different  type  and  of  more  colossal  grandeur, 
possesses  nothing  of  similar  scale  and  character  to  surpass  this  exquisite  district.  When 
the  beetling  summits  of  Cader  Idris  are  tipped  with  snow,  the  sublime  words  of  Byron  come 
instinctively  to  the  beholder's  mind  : — 

"  Above  me  are  the  Alps, 
The  palaces  of  nature,  whose  vast  walls 
Have  pinnacled  in  clouds  their  snowy  scalps, 
And  throned  eternity  in  icy  halls 
Of  cold  sublimity.     . 
All  that  expands  the  spirit,  yet  appals, 
Gathers  around  the  summits,  as  to  show 
How  earth  may  soar  to  heaven,  yet  leave  vain  man  below. " 

And  at  many  a  quiet  nook  and  dell  along  this  estuary  Henry  Vaughan's  lines  respecting 
the  patriarch  are  equally  obedient  to  the  memory  : — 

"  I  ask  not  why  he  did  remove 
To  happy  Mamre's  holy  grove, 
Leaving  the  cities  of  the  plain 
To  Lot  and  his  successful  train  ; 


BARMOUTH  ;  CORSYGEDOL ;  VALE  OF  ARTRO.  661 

For  rural  shades  have  the  sweet  sense 
Of  piety  and  innocence." 

On  this  northern  road  is  Caer-deon,  the  charming  residence  of  the  Rev.  W.  E.  Jelf,  B.D. ; 
nearer  Barmouth,  Glandwr,  the  residence  of  William  Jones,  Esq. ;  and  Coesfaen,  the 
residence  of  Charles  Jones,  Esq. 

The  town  of  Bar-mouth,  prettily  situated,  has  a  name  which  is  a  curious  distortion  of  the 
native  Aber-maw  (the  confluence  with  the  sea  of  the  Maw  river).  From  this  point  north- 
ward as  far  as  Tracth-bach,  and  inland  to  the  valley  of  the  Maw  and  the  line  of  SARN  HELEN, 
extended  the  ancient — 

Comot  of  Ardudwy  (now  a  "hundred"),  in  the  Cantref  of  Dunodig, 

forming  then,  along  with  the  comot  of  Eivionydd  beyond  the  estuary  of  Portmadoc,  a 
part  of  Arfon,  and  not  of  Meirionydd.  The  first  place  we  meet  and  requiring  notice  here 
is  the  very  interesting  mansion  and  demesne  of  Corsygedol  (see  Coulson  of  Corsygedol),  the 
ancient  seat  of  the  Vaughans,  and  subsequently  of  the  Mostyns,  who  obtained  it  through 
marriage  (see  Vaughan  of  Corsygedol).  When  much  of  the  Mostyn  estates  was  sold,  Corsy- 
gedol was  purchased  by  the  predecessor  of  the  present  owner,  who  greatly  improved  both 
the  residence  and  estate..  This  venerable  mansion  now  contains  the  finest  collection  of 
paintings — works  of  the  old  and  modern  masters — known  to  exist  in  the  Principality,  and  it 
has  been  the  liberal  practice  of  Mr.  Coulson  to  -allow  the  collection  to  be  freely  seen  by 
visitors,  who  obtain  tickets  for  the  purpose,  at  certain  times  of  the  year.  The  mansion  re- 
tains most  of  its  features  as  an  Elizabethan  structure.  A  MS.  history  of  the  place  preserved 
at  Mostyn,  and  written  by  William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Corsygedol,  states  that  the  fine  old  gate- 
house, leading  into  the  quadrangle,  fronting  the  principal  entrance,  was  designed  by  the 
writer's  countryman,  "  Ynyr  Short  "  (Inigo  Jones).  The  site  of  Corsygedol  is  elevated,  com- 
manding a  noble  view  of  the  Cardigan  Bay,  the  promontory  of  Lleyn  with  the  peaks  of  the 
Rivel  (  Yr  Eifl],  and  Bardsey  Island.  It  looks  on  the  swelling  tide  which  is  charged  in  the 
legend  with  drowning  Cantref ' y  Gwaelod  ("  the  lowland  hundred  ") — an  evil  which  probably  it 
never  committed  except  in  some  poet's  imagination,  and  the  popular  belief  of  recent  ages. 
In  the  near  vicinity  are  several  remarkably  fine  cromlechs,  one  near  the  house,  Coeten  Arthur, 
near  the  church  of  L'.anddwywe,  and  two  in  the  fields  above  the  village  of  Dyffryn.  There 
are  also  menhirs  (meini  hirion)  below  Dyffryn,  near  the  shore.  This  strange  assemblage  of 
pre-historic  monuments,  all  within  two  miles  distance,  and  doubtless  only  a  residue  of  what 
once  existed,  argues  for  this  locality  in  primitive  times  some  very  specific,  and  probably 
sacred  character,  such  as  belonged  to  the  south-western  part  of  Anglesey.  The  whole 
country  of  Ardudwy  is  also  famous  in  historic  associations  of  the  most  stirring  kind,  some 
of  which  must  be  touched  upon  in  our  historic  section.  (See  History  and  Antiquities  of 
Merionethshire. ) 

Near  the  beautiful  and  romantic  Artro  is  Cwmbychan,  the  old  home  of  the  Lloyds ; 
Taltreiddyn  (Dr.  Griffith) ;  Perirallt  (J.  Humphrey  Jones,  Esq.);  Llanfair  (Misses  Richards)  ; 
and  Cae-Nest,  the  residence  of  Capt.  Wayne.  This  is  also  a  district  thickly  studded  with 
memorials  of  a  hoary  antiquity,  and  of  historic  deeds.  The  vale  or  plain  of  Dyffryn  was 
a  field  where  often  the  wage  of  battle  was  tried  in  times  both  of  British  civil  strife,  and  of 

2  X 


66z 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


contest  with  English  and  Norman  invaders ;  the  ravines  and  crags  of  the  Artro  and  its 
tributaries  gave  refuge  and  concealment  to  many  a  band  of  retreating  patriots,  and  the  cele- 
brated pass  of  Drws  Arduduy  was  repeatedly  a  real  Thermopylae. 


HARLECH  CASTLE  (from  a  photograph  by  Bedford}. 

"  Chiefless  towers ! 
There  they  stand,  as  stands  a  lofty  mind, 

Worn,  but  unstooping  to  the  baser  crowd, 
All  tenantless,  save  to  the  crannying  wind. 

Or  holding  dark  communion  with  the  cloud. 
There  was  a  day  when  they  were  young  and  proud, 

Banners  on  high,  and  battles  passed  below  ; 
But  they  who  fought  are  in  a  bloody  shroud, 

And  those  which  waved  are  shredless  dust  ere  now, 
And  the  bleak  battlements  shall  bear  no  future  blow." 

On  the  lofty  cliffs  overlooking  the  Bay  of  Cardigan  and  the  estuary  of  Traethbach,  and 
guarding  this  entrance  from  the  sea  into  Gwynedd  and  the  marching-ground  from  north  to 
south,  was  planted  the  powerful  fortress  of  Harltch  Castle,  one  of  the  most  colossal  in  the 
kingdom.  This  was  a  position  of  strength  during  the  rule  of  the  native  princes.  Welsh 
records  say  that  a  tower  was  built  here  by  Maelgwyn  Gwynedd,  who  d.  A.D.  547  ("  Mortalitas 
magna  fuit  in  Britannia  in  qua  pausat  Maelcun  rex  Guenedotse." — Annal.  Cambria).  Twr 
Bronwen,  "  the  Tower  of  Bronwen,"- — its  name  in  still  earlier  times,  was  changed  in  the 
eleventh  century  into  Caer  Collwyn,  when  Collwyn  ap  Tangno,  founder  of  one  of  the  noble 
tribes  of  North  Wales  (see  p.  337),  had  here  his  residence.  Edward  I.,  the  conqueror  of 
Wales,  saw  the  importance  of  the  position,  and  nearly  all  the  structure,  whose  ruins  are  now 
the  admiration  of  the  beholder,  was  built  by  him  about  1286,  soon  after  the  erection 
of  Conway  Castle,  and  while  Carnarvon  Castle  was  still  in  process  of  building.  Though 
Llewelyn,  the  last  Prince  of  Wales,  had  now  been  four  years  in  his  grave  (at  an  obscure  rural 
spot  still  left  unmarked  by  Welsh  "  patriotism  "),  the  country  continued  turbulent  and  defiant) 


HARLECH  CASTLE;  MOUNTAINS  OF  ARDUDWY.  663 

and  these  great  garrison  fortresses  were  part  of  the  stupendous  machinery  of  "  pacification.'1 
Once  more  Harlech  Castle  became  the  scene  of  stirring  events  when  Owain  Glyndwr  in 
1404  attacked  and  took  it.  Henry  IV.  recovered  the  place  in  1408.  Margaret  of  Anjou, 
the  heroic  queen  of  Henry  VI.,  after  her  defeat  at  Northampton,  found  in  Harlech  Castle  a 
temporary  refuge.  When  Edward  IV.  had  succeeded  in  making  the  House  of  York 
triumphant,  he  yet  found  three  castles  in  the  kingdom  holding  out  for  the  Lancastrian  party, 
and  one  of  these  was  Harlech,  under  command  of  the  intrepid  Welshman  Dafydd  ap  Jevan 
ap  Einion.  By  order  of  the  king,  William  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  led  a  powerful  army 
to  Harlech,  and  demanded  the  surrender  of  the  place  ;  but  Sir  Richard  Herbert,  the  earl's 
brother,  received  from  the  stout  defender  this  answer, — "  I  held  a  tower  in  France  till  all  the 
old  women  in  Wales  heard  of  it,  and  now  the  old  women  of  France  shall  hear  how  I  defend 
this  castle."  Famine,  however,  at  length  succeeded,  and  Dafydd  ap  Jevan  made  an  honour- 
able capitulation. 

During  the  civil  wars  in  1647  the  redoubtable  Parliamentarian  General  Mytton  took  this 
fortress  from  Major  Hugh  Pennant,  who  held  it  for  the  king.  It  was  the  last  fortress  in 
Wales  that  stood  out  for  Charles  I. 

Further  on  towards  Talsarnau  lie  Glytm  Hall,  the  ancient  seat  of  the  Wynns,  now  the 
irjperty  by  marriage  of  the  Gore  family  (see  Ormesby-Gore  of  Brogyntyn,  Porkington),  and 
occupied  by  John  Edward  Parry,  Esq.,  J.  P. ;  Maesyneuadd,  formerly  the  seat  of  the  Wynnes, 
and  more  recently  of  the  Nanneys ;  and  Cafrjfynon,  the  recently  erected  residence  of  L.  N. 
Thomas,  Esq. 

In  following  the  main  road  from  Barmouth  through  Dyffryn  Ardudwy  we  have  left  to  the 
interior  a  region  of  mountains  and  vales,  streams  and  lakes,  as  picturesque  and  beautiful  in 
aspect,  and  as  primitive  and  unconscious  of  the  invading  force  of  the  life  and  customs 
of  modern  times,  as  any  in  Wales.  From  the  higher  points  of  the  Harlech  mountains  is 
viewed  a  panorama  of  wonderful  extent  and  grandeur,  including  the  whole  sweep  of  the  Bay 
of  Cardigan,  the  rugged  region  of  Snowdonia,  nearly  the  whole  of  the  promontory  of  Lleyn, 
the  interior  country  to  the  east  as  far  as  the  Arenig  and  Berwyn  ranges,  and  to  the  south 
bounded  by  Cader  Idris.  Everywhere  from  the  crests  and  passes  the  spectator  looks  down 
on  spots  of  excessive  wildness  intermixed  with  others  of  equal  comeliness — as  from  the 
Foel-ddu,  above  the  pretty  little  vale  of  Cwmbychan ;  from  the  pass  of  ~Bw\c\i-Tyddiad, 
commanding  on  both  sides  the  mountain  numerous  ravines  and  green  cwms  and  bottoms, 
mostly  wooded  with  oak  or  fir,  interspersed  with  grey  projections  of  rock,  and  all  conducting 
streamlets  either  to  the  Vale  of  Artro  towards  the  sea,  or  the  vale  of  the  Eden  towards  the 
east.  In  this  district  are  the  small  but  pretty  lakes  of  Llyn  Morwynion,  famous  for  the  legend 
of  the  men  of  Ardudwy  who  had  stolen  for  wives  the  maidens  of  the  Vale  of  Clwyd,  and  being 
overtaken  and  slain  in  this  pass,  had  their  deaths  avenged  by  the  maidens  drowning  them- 
selves in  the  lake,  thenceforward  called  Llyn  Morwynion  ("  The  Maidens'  Lake  ") ;  Llyn 
Dwr-glas ;  Llyn  Eiddew,  and  Llyn  Dywarchen.  From  the  Foel  Wen,  which  overshadows 
Maesygarnedd,  an  old  house  of  some  historic  interest  as  once  the  residence  of  Colonel  Jones, 
one  of  the  Parliamentary  leaders  who  signed  the  death-warrant  of  Charles  I.,  the  prospect  is 
enchanting;  but  as  the  traveller  mounts  the  pass  of  Drws  Ardudwy,  looking  down  the 
diminutive  lakes  of  Llyn  Perfeddau,  Llyn  Howel,  &c.,  and  surrounded  by  rocky  hill-sides 
polished  as  by  the  hand  of  man,  and  a  wilderness  of  moraine  debris — both  plain  indications 


664 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


that  this  district  at  some  remote  period  was  subject  to  powerful  glacier  action, — the  scene 
becomes  overwhelmingly  grand  and  impressive  ;  and  every  inch  withal  is  sacred  ground  in 
the  annals  and  traditions  of  Ardudwy.  Through  the  basin  of  the  Eden,  leading  from 
Dolgelly  to  Festiniog,  the  Roman  conqueror  made  his  military  road,  Sarn  Helen;  on 
the  shore  side  the  enemy  could  march  and  deploy  at  pleasure ;  but  the  crags  and  passes  of 
Drws  Ardudwy,  and  the  general  range  of  the  Harlech  hills,  were  inviolable  retreats  of  the 
Britons,  whence  on  many  an  occasion  they  defied  alike  the  heavily  armed  legions  of  Rome 
and  the  mailed  men-at-arms  of  the  Plantagenets. 

On  the  promontory  of  Penrhyn-deiidraeth,  situated,  as  its  name  indicates,  between  two 
sands  ("  the  two  sands  headland  "),  we  find  the  remains  of  the  ancient  mansion  of  Pare,  for 
many  generations  the  home  of  the  Anwyls  (see  Anwyl  of  Llugwy) ;  and  near  at  hand  the 
castellated  residence  of  Mrs.  Williams  of  Deudraeth  Castle,  delightfully  planted  on  a  slope 
facing  the  estuary  of  Traethbach. 


DEUDRAETH  CASTLE  :   THE  RESIDENCE  OF  MRS.  WILLIAMS. 

In  the  same  locality  is  Plas  yn  Penrhyn  (W.  Casson,  Esq.) ;  and  near  Portmadoc,  but 
in  Carnarvonshire,  Morfa  Lodge  (Edward  Breese,  Esq.).  Portmadoc,  a  creation  of  art  and 
commerce,  worthily  perpetuates  the  name  of  the  late  Mr.  Madock,  M.P.,  of  TanyraUt,  in 
the-  near  vicinity,  whose  far-seeing  enterprise  brought  about  the  construction  of  the  great 
embankment,  which  has  taken  from  the  tide  several  thousand  acres  of  what  is  now  produc- 
tive land,  as  well  as  formed  a  safe  harbour  for  shipping.  On  the  way  to  the  well-known 
Pontaberglaslyn,  passing  Aberdunant  (Mrs.  Jones-Parry)  on  the  left,  situated  on  the  Carnar- 
vonshire side  of  the  Glaslyn  river ;  and  Ynysfawr  (John  Jones,  Esq.)  on  the  right,  situated  on 
the  Merionethshire  side,  we  have  before  us,  looking  north,  those  towering  "  palaces  of  nature,'1 
the  Snowdonian  range.  Occasionally  when  his  cloudy  vestments  are  blown  aside,  the 
venerable  head  of  Snowdon  himself  comes  in  sight,  when  it  is  plainly  seen,  as  far  as  Wales 
is  concerned  (putting  Snowdon  instead  of  "  Mont  Blanc  "  in  the  poet's  verse),  that — 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


666  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

"  Snowdon  is  the  monarch  of  mountains, 

They  crowned  him  long  ago, 
On  a  throne  of  rocks,  in  a  robe  of  clouds, 
With  a  diadem  of  snow." 

Under  the  shelter  of  the  craggy  and  barren  Arddu,  a  spur  of  the  Snowdonian  system, 
which  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  vale  seems  to  keep  watch  at  the  portal  of  the  hills,  with  his 
companion  Moel  Hebog  on  the  west,  and  resting  in  a  little  vale  as  sweet  and  sunny  as  if  it 
lay  on  the  Italian  side  of  Monte  Rosa,  is  Dolfriog,  the  residence  in  Wales  of  Dr.  Arthur 
Farre,  F.R.S.,  known  to  all  as  one  of  the  Court  Physicians. 

Anything  more  barren  than  the  rocky  mountains  around — rugged  masses,  greatly  dis- 
turbed, of  the  Llandeilo  group,  interspersed  with  igneous  dykes  bearing  copper  and  other 
ores — it  would  be  hard  to  see ;  and  a  spot  more  pleasant  and  richly  clad  in  verdure  than  the 
site  of  Dolfriog,  nestling  on  the  brink  of  a  mountain  stream,  a  tributary  of  the  Glaslyn, 
and  near  Pont-aber-Glaslyn,  it  would  be  equally  a  task  to  discover.  Our  illustrations  are  cor- 
rectly engraved  from  excellent  photographs,  and  give  a  perfectly  faithful  representation 
of  the  scene. 

The  pass  of  Aberglaslyn,  where  the  counties  of  Merioneth  and  Carnarvon  meet,  is  .a 
yawning  gulf,  the  result  of  a  convulsion  which  separated  the  mountain  mass,  leaving  on 
either  side  almost  perpendicular  walls, — 

"  Heights  which  appear  as  lovers  who  have  parted." 

From  whichever  direction  the  traveller  approaches  the  pass,  the  surprise  awaiting  him  is 
the  same.  He  is  caught,  as  it  were,  in  the  jaws  of  the  mountain  monster,  and  the  awe  of 
impending  destruction  almost  overpowers  him.  But  it  is  only  for  a  few  moments;  the  fair 
vale  again  opens,  the  rush  and  echoing  of  the  waters  die  away,  and  he  feels  the  agreeable 
relief  of  a  return  of  his  old  sensations,  without,  however,  losing  the  impression  of  mystery 
and  sublimity  he  has  just  received.  This  pass,  on  a  small  scale,  reminds  one  of 
that  of  Tete  Noir,  or  Pfeffer's  Bad,  and  has  the  advantage  in  the  comparison  of  not 
being  too  overwhelming  in  its  sublimity,  while  those  are  utterly  immense  and  be- 
wildering in  their  grandeur.  The  quiet  and  homely  beauty  of  the  vale  and  village  of 
Beddgelert  above,  and  the  wider  and  more  varied  view  that  opens  towards  the  estuary  below 
Aberglaslyn,  are  universally  admired.  To  the  geological  aspects  of  this  part  of  Merioneth 
more  specific  reference  will  again  be  made. 

In  passing  from  the  basin  of  the  Glaslyn  to  Festiniog,  we  can  enter,  in  imagination  or  by 
painful  pedestrian  labour  (for  there  is  no  high  road),  a  pass  between  Moelwyn  and  Moel-bach 
mountains,  coming  out  into  view  of  the  delightful  Vale  of  Festiniog  about  Tan-y-grisiau, 
and  enjoy  a  scene  of  great  magnificence.  A  combination  of  bleak  and  barren  eminences 
(apparently  provided  to  supply  half  the  world  of  present  and  future  times  with  slate),  of 
grassy  and  sheltered  valleys  with  yawning  chasms,  noisy  waterfalls,  and  rugged  wooded 
steeps,  alternately  enveloped  in  mist  and  lit  up  by  blinking  sunshine,  gives  to  this  picturesque 
region  a  character  and  charm  all  its  own.  The  atmosphere  of  Festiniog  is,  in  spite  of  its 
humidity,  peculiarly  salubrious  and  refreshing.  Lord  Lyttelton  has  said  of  the  place,  "  With 
a  woman  one  loves,  with  the  friend  of  one's  heart,  and  a  good  library  of  books,  one  may 
pass  an  age  here  and  think  it  a  day.  If  one  has  a  mind  to  live  long  and  renew  his  youth, 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


€67 


o 
Q 


668  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

let  him  come  and  settle  at  Festiniog."  Here  are  the  "  falls  of  the  Cynfael,"  and  the  "  pulpit  of 
Hugh  Llwyd."  In  this  favoured  neighbourhood  is  Tanybwlch,  the  seat  of  William  Edward 
Oakeley,  Esq.;  Glanwilliam,  the  seat  of  Samuel  Holland,  Esq.,  M.P.;  Plas-newydd  (John 
Whitehead  Greaves,  Esq.),  &c. 

We  are  still  in  the  ancient  comot  of  Ardudwy,  and  in  making  our  journey  eastward, 
across  the  central  wastes  and  moorlands,  for  the  fairer  scenes  of  the  Bala  Lake  and  the  Dee 
Valley,  have  to  cross  Sarn  Helen,  see  suddenly,  in  the  region  of  wild  hills  and  heaths,  the 
comeliness  of  Cwm  Prysor,  pass  under  the  shadows  of  the  Arenigs,  then  enter  the  ancient — 

Cantref  of  Penllyn,  and  Comot  of  Uwch-meloch, 

and  along  a  fast  descending  and  pretty  valley  come  to  Pont  Llafar,  on  the  Bala  Lake  (Llyn 
Tegid).  In  this  immediate  neighbourhood  is  Glan-y-Llyn  ("  the  lake  margin  "),  the  hunting  and 
fishing  seat  of  Sir  Watkin  Williams  Wynn,  Bart.,  of  Wynnstay,  owner  of  a  large  tract  of 
the  surrounding  country,  and  of  the  fishery  of  the  lake.  Three  or  four  mountain  streams 
join  the  Dyfrdwy  ("the  waters  of  two"),  the  infant  Dee,  a  little  distance  from  its  entrance 
into  the  lake  at  the  upper  end,  where  the  aspect  of  the  land  is  cold  and  uninviting,  while  on 
either  side  the  lake,  which  is  about  four  miles  long,  the  margin  is  prettily  wooded,  and 
provided  with  a  good  coach  road.  To  the  south-east  the  great  ramparts  of  the  Berwyn 
range  rise  in  gloomy  and  barren  grandeur ;  but  at  the  lower  extremity  of  the  lake,  where  the 
stream  of  the  Dee,  carrying  in  its  ample  bosom  the  waters  of  all  the  streamlets  which  the 
watersheds  of  the  Arenigs,  the  Arans,  and  the  Berwyns  send  down  into  the  lake,  pours 
forth,  to  traverse  the  beautiful  and  historic  vale  of  Edeirnion,  the  face  of  nature  assumes  a 
new  and  softened  appearance,  and  crowding  beauties  such  as  those  of  the  Clwyd  or  the 
Towy  greet  the  spectator. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  Bala  we  find  Fron-Dderw  (John  Jones,  Esq.) ;  Rhiwlas  (R.  J. 
LI.  Price,  Esq.);  Bodweni  (W.  Pryse  Jones,  Esq.)  ;  Cil-Talgarth  (Francis  Jones,  Esq.)  ; 
Fronheulog  (Mrs.  Davies)  ;  Aberhirnant  (late  H.  T.  Richardson,  Esq.);  and  the  more 
ancient  and  celebrated  Rhiwaedog  (see  Lloyd  of  Rhiwaedog,  in  "  Old  and  Extinct  Families  "). 
Further  down  the  vale  is  Crogen,  the  beautiful  new  mansion  of  Henry  Robertson,  Esq.,  re- 
placing and  standing  nearly  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Pale  (see  Lloyd  of  Crogen,  in  "  Old 
and  Extinct  Families  ")  ;  and  Llandrillo  (Rev.  John  Wynne). 

We  are  now  in  the  middle  of  Edeirnion,  equally  celebrated  as  a  vale  and  as  the  ancient 
territory  ruled  by  Owen  Brogyntyn — of  whom  hereafter.  Owen's  descendants  were  numerous, 
and  for  many  generations  held  manors  in  Edeirnion  at  such  well-known  places  as  Crogen, 
Rhug,  Hendwr,  Dol-y-Glesyn  (Dolau-gleisiou),  and  Maesmaivr  (see  Dwnn,  Herald.  Visit., 
ii.,  125).  As  we  approach  Corwen  we  quit  the  comot  of  Edeirnion,  and  enter  that  of — 

Glyn-Dyfrdwy,  in  Cantref ' y  Barwn, 

a  cantref  which  contained  also  the  comot  of  Dinmael,  corresponding  with  that  part  of 
Merioneth  here  projecting  northward  into  Denbighshire.  This  is  the  last  of  the  ancient 
Welsh  divisions  now  contained  in  Merioneth,  since  the  cantref  of  Arwystli  in  the 
basin  of  the  upper  Severn  was  classed  by  Henry  VIII.  as  part  of  Montgomeryshire.  In  the 
beautiful  neighbourhood  of  Corwen,  which  gives  the  beginning  of  fairer  scenes  in  the  Vale  of 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


669 


Llangollen,  are  Rhug,  the  celebrated  seat  in  past  times  of  the  Salusburys  and  Vaughans  (see 
Wynn  of  Rhug) ;  Rhagatt  (see  Mrs.  Lloyd  of  Rhagatt) ;  Plas  Issa  (John  Lloyd,  Esq.); 
Bryntirion  (Mrs.  Price)  ;  Tynllwyn  (Capt.  Robert  Taylor),  &c.  The  old  mansion  of 
Maesmawr  is  across  the  boundary  in  Denbighshire ;  and  so  is  Plas  yn  Yale  (see  Yale  of 
Plas  yn  Yale).  Below  Corwen,  in  the  most  picturesque  part  of  the  vale  of  the  Dee,  and 
just  within  the  Merionethshire  border,  is  the  interesting  spot  where  stood  the  castle  of  Owain 
Gfyndwr,  of  which  scarcely  a  trace  now  remains.  All  the  lands  around  on  either  side  of 
the  river,  and  partly  lying  in  the  two  subsequently  formed  counties  of  Merioneth  and  Den- 
bigh, belonged  to  his  domain,  and  formed  the  subject  of  that  dispute  (see  p.  386)  which 


RHUG  :  THE  SEAT  OF  THE  HON.  CHARLES  HENRY  WYNN. 

led  to  the  long  and  disastrous  insurrection,  which  he  headed  with  a  wrathful  energy  fore- 
shadowed, as  the  poet  makes  him  think,  by  signs  and  portents  at  his  birth  : — 

"  I  say  the  earth  did  shake  when  I  was  born — 
The  heavens  were  all  on  fire — the  earth  did  tremble." — "  Henry  IV." 


SECTION  II.— HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  MERIONETH. 

i. — History. 

The  general  history  of  this  district  is  identical  with  that  of  the  kingdom  of  Gwynedd,  or 
North  Wales,  as  separate  from  Powys,  and  has  already  in  the  main  been  indicated  in  our 
notices  of  Anglesey  and  Carnarvonshire,  to  which,  to  avoid  repetition,  we  must  refer. 

The  people  which  now  inhabit  this  county  represent  with  an  unusual  degree  of  purity 
the  original  inhabitants,  who  were  of  the  Cymric  branch  of  the  Celtic  race.  This  purity 
has  been  favoured  by  the  secluded  and  mountainous  character  of  the  country,  and  its 


670  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

freedom  from  those  disturbing  political  and  industrial  forces  which  have  so  powerfully  affected 
Pembrokeshire  and  Glamorganshire,  and  the  gradual  effects  of  intercourse  which  have  con- 
siderably changed  the  racial  complexion  of  the  counties  of  Flint  and  Montgomery.  The 
study  of  races  and  their  antiquities,  so  zealously  and  beneficially  promoted  in  the  present  age, 
has  not  hitherto  shaken  the  old  belief,  based  on  the  testimony  of  Greek  and  Roman 
writers  as  well  as  on  the  traditions  and  history  of  the  Britons,  that  this  island  of  Britain  was 
first  possessed  by  a  people  who  came  from  Gaul,  who  were  Celts,  who  crossed  over  at 
different  times,  forming  successive  waves  of  colonization,  the  one  pushing  the  other  before  it, 
and  that  the  Cymry  (carrying  in  their  name  the  name  of  the  ancient  Cimbrf)  are  substantially 
represented  by  the  people  of  Merioneth  and  generally  of  Wales  at  the  present  time. 

That  the  Romans  had  taken  Merioneth  under  their  care  and  placed  it  under  tribute  is 
evident  from  the  great  military  road  of  Sarn  Helen  (Helen's  Causeway — so  called  by  the 
Britons  perhaps  after  Helen,  mother  of  Constantine  the  Great),  which,  after  the  conquest  of 
Anglesey  (see  p.  9),  they  formed  from  Maridunum  (Carmarthen)  to  Segpntium  (Carnarvon), 
as  a  means  of  rapid  transit  of  troops  and  materiel,  and  exaction  of  tribute  ;  but  beyond 
these  objects  it  is  quite  improbable  that  the  Roman  conquest  of  Merioneth  contemplated 
anything. 

During  the  Saxon  period  we  have  no  notices  of  this  part  of  Wales.  Nor  did  any  known 
events  of  importance  transpire  here  under  the  earlier  Norman  kings.  The  Lord  Marcher 
conquests  on  the  borders,  however,  by  degrees  began  to  influence  these  interior  and  not 
easily  accessible  parts,  drawn  now  into  conflict  with  the  foreign  foe  under  the  leadership 
of  the  puissant  Owain  Gwynedd,  Prince  of  North  Wales,  and  his  sons.  Owain  put  an  effectual 
stop  to  Henry  II.  and  the  English  army  by  the  victory  of  Corwen  in  1165.  The  post 
occupied  by  the  Welsh  prince  on  this  memorable  occasion  is  believed  to  have  been  Caer 
Drewyn,  a  circular  fortress  of  loose  stones  on  the  summit  of  a  steep  hill  between  Corwen 
and  Rhagatt,  while  Henry  was  encamped  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  valley. 

The  Henrys,  however,  went  on  gaining  power  in  North  Wales.  Henry  III.,  in  the 
exercise  of  a  kind  of  feudal  superiority,  in  1240  "grants"  lands  in  Merioneth  to  Howel  and 
Meredydd,  sons  of  Cynan,  and  grandsons  of  Owain  Gwynedd ;  but  already  Cynan  himself 
was  Lord  of  Eifionydd  (in  the  same  county),  and  we  have  no  lack  of  proof  that  the  territory 
given  to  the  sons  of  Cynan  was  none  else  than  Meirionydd  itself— that  great  cantref  between 
the  Barmouth  and  Dyfi  estuaries  which  ultimately  gave  its  name  to  the  county.  The  territory 
ruled  by  Cynan  and  his  sons  extended  from  the  southern  part  of  the  promontory  of  Lleyn 
and  the  base  of  Snowdon  to  the  Dyfi.  When  Giraldus  Cambrensis  passed  this  way,  A.D. 
1 1 88,  stopping  "for  the  night  at  the  church  of  Llanfair,  that  is,  St.  Mary's  Church  in  the 
province  [comof]  of  Ardudwy,"  the  ruler  of  the  country  was  Cynan,  as  the  crusading  arch- 
deacon, in  his  graphic  description  of  the  region,  incidentally  mentions.  How  Cynan  had  got 
into  possession  is  known  from  other  sources.  The  Annales  Cambria,  A.D.  1148,  have  this 
record  : — "  Cynan  and  Howel,  sons  of  Owain  [Gwynedd],  by  force  snatched  Meironit  from 
Cadwalader  [brother  of  Owain]." 

"  This  territory  of  Conan,"  says  Giraldus,  "  and  particularly  Merionyth  [the  cantref 
already  named],  is  the  rudest  and  roughest  district  in  all  Wales  ;  the  ridges  of  the  mountains 
are  very  high,  terminating  in  sharp  peaks,  and  so  irregularly  jumbled  together  that  if  the 
shepherds  conversing  or  disputing  with  each  other  from  their  summits  should  agree  to  meet, 


CASTLE  OF  TALYBONT.  671 

they  could  scarcely  effect  their  purpose  in  the  course  of  the  whole  day.  The  lances  of  this 
country  are  very  long ;  for  as  South  Wales  excels  in  the  use  of  the  bow,  so  North  Wales  is 
distinguished  for  its  skill  with  the  lance,  insomuch  that  an  iron  coat  of  mail  will  not  resist 
the  stroke  of  a  lance  thrown  at  a  small  distance.  The  next  morning  the  youngest  son  of 
Conan,  named  Meredyth,  met  us  at  the  passage  of  a  bridge,  attended  by  his  people,  where 
many  persons  were  signed  with  the  cross  [embarking  in  a  crusade  to  the  Holy  Land], 
amongst  whom  was  a  fine  young  man  of  his  suite,  and  one  of  his  intimate  friends ;  and 
Meredyth,  observing  that  the  cloak,  on  which  the  cross  was  to  be  sewed,  appeared  of  too 
thin  and  common  a  texture,  with  tears  flowing  threw  him  down  his  own"  (/fin.,  v.). 

This  same  Meredydd  and  his  brother  Hywel  eventually  succeeded  their  father  in  the 
lordship  of  Meirionydd.  But  even  already,  as  appears  from  Giraldus,  they  were  empowered 
to  rule  over  a  part  of  the  territory  in  their  own  right,  for  as  the  archdeacon  and  the 
archbishop  proceed  on  their  journey  "over  Traeth-mawr  and  Traeth-bychan,  that  is,  the 
greater  and  the  smaller  arm  of  the  sea"  (as  his  imperfect  knowledge  of  Welsh  inclined  him 
to  translate),  "  they  come  to  parts  where  two  stone  castles  have  newly  been  erected, 
one  called  Deudraeth,  belonging  to  the  sons -of  Conan,  situated  in  Evionyth,  towards  the 
northern  mountains,  the  other  named  Carn  Madryn,  the  property  of  the  sons  of  Owen,  built 
on  the  other  side  of  the  river  [Dulas],  towards  the  sea,  on  the  promontory  of  Lhyn." 

Little  more  is  heard  of  Meirionydd  proper,  and  its  immediately  adjacent  lands  of 
Eifionydd,  &c.,  until  the  year  1221,  when  Llewelyn  the  Great  (ap  lorwerth),  who,  it  would 
seem,  had  placed  his  son  Gruffydd  in  the  seat  of  power  in  that  district,  compelled  him,  owing 
to  a  dispute,  to  relinquish  his  rule,  and  took  the  territory  of  Meirionydd  (including  Ardudwy) 
into  his  own  hands,  strengthening  his  position  by  building  a  castle  there  (Llwyd). 

In  1256  the  last  Llewelyn  (son  of  Gruffydd  just  mentioned),  having  anew  revolted  against 
Henry  (see  p.  324,  &c.),  and  foiled  the  opposition  raised  against  him  by  his  brothers  Owain 
and  Dafydd,  on  his  way  to  the  south,  occupied  Meirionydd  (Annal.  Cambr.).  The  territory 
was  then  in  the  occupation  of  the  son  of  Meredydd  ap  Cynan,  who,  according  to  the  same 
authority,  in  1241  had  been  reinstated  in  his  patrimony  by  the  English  king.  Henry  at  the 
same  time  had  restored  to  Gruffydd,  son  of  Gwen-wynwyn,  his  princedom  of  southern  Powys. 

In  the  year  1275,  when  the  struggle  between  Llewelyn  and  Edward  I.  was  about  to  reach 
its  hottest  (see  p.  325,  &c.),  it  was  from  his  castle  at  Talybont,  in  Meirionydd,  that  Llewelyn 
addressed  his  letters  of  complaint  and  expostulation  to  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  and 
York,  in  council  in  London,  seeking  relief,  and  proposing  new  terms  of  peace.  "See, 
reverend  father,"  he  pleads,  "  the  Lord  Edward,  now  noble  King  of  England,  after  the  said 
peace,  taketh  into  his  hands  certain  barons'  lands  in  Wales,  of  which  they  and  their  ancestors 
have  been  long  possessed,  and  keepeth  a  barony  which  should  be  ours  by  the  form  of  peace. 
Other  barons  of  our  country,  .  .  .  running  to  him,  he  helps  and  maintains;  although  they 
have  robbed  within  our  land,  committed  slaughter,  .  .  .  and  do  still  daily  commit  the  like  ; 
and  although  we  have  often  sent  our  griefs  and  complaints  by  solemn  embassies  to  the  said 
noble  Lord  Edward  as  well  before  he  was  king  as  since,  yet  unto  this  day  he  never  did  any 
redress  therein.  .  .  .  We  therefore  earnestly  beseech  your  fatherhoods  to  consider  what 
danger  would  happen  both  to  the  people  of  England  and  of  Wales  by  reason  of  the  breach 
of  the  covenants  of  peace  aforesaid,  if  new  wars  and  discord  follow  (which  may  God  forbid), 
mindful  of  the  prohibition  of  the  holy  father  the  Pope,  lately  in  council  at  Lyons,  that  no 


672  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

war  should  be  moved  among  Christians,  lest  thereby  the  affairs  of  the  Holy  Land  should  be 
neglected  ;  and  that  it  may  also  please  you  to  help  with  your  council  with  the  lord  the 
King  that  he  would  use  and  order  us  according  to  the  peace  agreed  upon,  &c.  Dated  at 
Talybont,  the  6th  day  of  Oct.,  ann.  1275." 

Small  comfort  came  of  beseeching  their  "  reverend  fatherhoods."  To  the  epistle  above 
partly  quoted,  and  the  long  list  of  "  griefs  "  accompanying  it,  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
having  come  to  Wales,  sends  answer,  assuring  the  prince  that  he  "  had  come  for  the  spiritual 
and  temporal  health  of  them  whom  he  loved  well ;  that  he  could  not  tarry  long ;  besought 
them  to  come  to  an  unity  with  the  English  people  and  peace  with  our  lord  the  king  ;  if 
they  should  contemn  this  advice,  he  would  forthwith  signify  their  stubbornness  to  '  the  high 
Bishop  and  court  of  Rome  : '  the  king's  power  was  daily  increasing,  and  if  war  ensued  they 
had  nothing  to  expect  but  disaster;  the  realm  of  England  was  under  the  special  protection 
of  Rome,  which  loved  it  better  than  any  other  kingdom  ;  he  '  much  bewailed  that  the  Welsh- 
men were  more  cruel  than  the  Saracens ; '  they  had  been  accustomed  to  '  reverence  God  and 
ecclesiastical  persons,'  but  now  revolted  from  that  devotion,  committed  slaughter  and  burnt 
'  in  the  holy  time,'  which  was  'great  injury  to  God  ;'  if  they  had  been  injured — which  is 
doubtful,  for  '  we  in  no  wise  know  it,'  the  judges  in  the  cause  would  have  signified  the  king's 
majesty ;  and,  in  fine,  to  leave  no  doubt — '  unless  they  now  come  to  peace  they  shall  be 
resisted  by  decree  and  censure  of  the  Church,  as  well  as  by  war  of  the  people.' " 

Llewelyn,  smarting  under  a  sense  of  injury,  and  disgusted  by  the  wily  and  heartless 
policy  of  the  Church  dignitaries,  unfurling  the  banner  of  revolt,  embarks  upon  that 
troublous  sea  which  never  permits  him  any  more  a  quiet  haven.  For  seven  years  he 
struggles  with  the  power  of  England,  aided  by  defection  and  treachery  among  his  own 
people;  and  in  1782,  when  he  and  the  independence  of  his  country  fell  together, 
Meirionydd  and  adjacent  cantrefs  are  constituted  a  "  county "  under  the  new  regulations 
of  the  Statute  of  Rhuddlan. 

While  Meirionydd  was  the  central  and  most  prominent  district  in  these  parts,  and  as  such 
most  frequently  mentioned,  the  cantref  of  Penllyn,  about  the  Bala  Lake,  now  forming  parts 
of  Merionethshire,  was  also  an  important  lordship,  always  or  mostly  under  separate  govern- 
ment ;  and  the  comots  of  Edeirnion  and  Mawdduy,  already  described,  belonged  to  the  prince- 
dom or  kingdom  of  Powys.  Penllyn  was  the  patrimony  of  Rliirid  Flaidd,  temp.  Henry  II., 
and  continued  in  his  son  Madoc,  and  grandson  Rhirid  Fychan  (corrupted  "  Vaughan ''), 
from  whom  several  of  the  chief  old  families  of  Merionethshire  bearing  that  name  are  traced, 
such  as  Vaughan  of  Rhug,  Nannau,  &c.  Edeirnion,  although  a  part  of  Powys,  was  at  times 
ruled  as  a  separate  lordship,  as  in  the  time  of  Owen  Brogyntyn,  natural  son  of  Madoc,  last 
Prince  of  Powys,  son  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn. 

Among  other  events  which  connect  the  name  of  Owain  Brogyntyn  with  the  territory  now 
included  in  Merionethshire  is  the  battle  -of  Crogen,  which  he  won  against  the  forces  of 
Henry  II.  in  1165.  But  as  the  dwelling-place  of  Owain  was  at  Brogyntyn  (Porkington),  in 
Powys,  now  in  Salop,  and  his  lands  in  Edeirnion  and  Dinmael  were  properly  a  part  of 
Powys  Fadoc,  further  reference  to  him  must  be  sought  under  Montgomery.  All  these  lord- 
ships were  held  as  fiefs  under  the  English  crown  from  the  time  when  feudal  superiority  was 
first  established  under  the  Norman  and  Plantagenet  sovereigns  (see  Powys). 


ANTIQUITIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE.  673 


2. — Antiquities  of  Merionethshire. 

Among  the  more  important  pre-historic  antiquities  must  be  mentioned  the  five  great 
cromlechs  of  Ardudwy — two  on  the  demesne  of  Corsygedol,  two  near  the  village  of  Dyffryn, 
and  one  at  Gwern  Einion,  near  the  church  of  Llanbedr,  in  the  Vale  of  Artro.  All  these  are 
located,  as  seems  to  be  the  rule  with  respect  to  cromlechs,  near  the  sea.  Burial-places 
of  the  great,  they  were  fitly  erected  on  the  margin  of  that  symbol  of  immensity,  whose 
moaning  would  also  be  a  fitting  and  lasting  dirge.  Those  mysterious  monuments  of  the 
same  class  in  Anglesey,  Carnarvonshire,  Pembrokeshire,  and  Glamorgan,  and  the  still  more 
wonderful  erections  in  Brittany,  like  many  others  in  different  parts  of  the  world,  are 
instances  to  the  same  effect,  assisting  the  pre-historic  archaeologist  towards  a  sound 
induction  as  to  the  real  reason  of  the  choice  of  such  a  position.  Near  Llanbedr  and 
Harlech  are  also  menhirs  (maen-hir)  of  considerable  size.  Llech  Idris,  in  the  valley  of  the 
Cain ;  Maen-llwyd,  near  Bryn-teg,  in  the  valley  north  of  the  Eden ;  a  stone  in  the  valley 
above  Pont-llafar,  north  of  the  Bala  Lake,  are  marked  in.  the  Ordnance  Survey  maps,  and 
have  been  identified. 

An  important  class  of  ancient  remains  exists  abundantly  in  this  county,  concerning  whose 
character  as  historic  or  pre-historic  there  is  always  a  difficulty  in  deciding,  viz.,  the  primitive 
British  camps  and  caers.  No  part  of  Wales  possesses  so  many  of  these,  in  a  state  almost 
unchanged  since  the  ages  of  ancient  warfare,  as  doth  Merioneth, — a  circumstance  easily 
explained  if  we  only  call  to  mind  the  warlike  character  of  the  district,  and  the  extremely 
hilly  and  broken  surface,  which  not  only  supplied  at  every  point  fitting  positions  for  defence, 
but  has  since  precluded  their  invasion  by  the  growth  of  agriculture  and  "  improvement." 
The  banks  of  the  Artro  bear  to  this  day  a  primeval  aspect.  On  many  of  its  abrupt  knolls 
and  precipitous  and  sheltering  rocks,  enveloped  in  gnarled  oak  and  brushwood,  small  circular 
British  camps,  built  of  loose  unmortared  stones,  often  of  prodigious  size,remain  in  their  integrity; 
but  it  is  useless  to  speculate  as  to  their  age — when  they  were  first  built  or  last  used.  Their 
simple  construction  suggests  a  pre-historic  origin ;  but  their  advantageous  positions  would 
not  be  despised  in  the  later  conflicts  of  the  country.  Ardudwy  still  retains  the  descendants 
of  the  people  who  built  these  rude  strongholds,  and  maintains  much  of  the  wild  aspect  which 
it  presented  to  the  Roman  and  the  Norman,  albeit  that  a  new  spirit,  under  the  culture  of 
religion  and  modern  manners,  has  passed  into  its  inhabitants. 

The  chief  and  most  interesting  caer  of  the  Vale  of  Artro  is  that  of  Craig  y  Ddinas, 
standing  up  abruptly  in  the  middle  of  the  little  valley,  and  partly  connected  by  an  elonga- 
tion of  one  side  with  the  left  bank.  It  has  all  the  features  of  an  ancient  British  fortress,  of 
formidable  strength,  although,  owing  to  the  narrow  limits  of  the  crown  of  the  rock,  of  small 
dimensions.  From  the  grounds  of  Aber- Artro  the  rock,  with  the  deep  and  romantic  glen 
beneath,  forms  a  most  conspicuous  and  striking  object.  The  crest  is  surrounded  by  a 
rampart ;  some  of  the  walls  are  of  great  thickness,  suggesting  the  existence  here  of  a  castle 
of  unusual  strength.  In  addition  to  the  accustomed  signs  of  a  military  post,  it  has  some 
features  of  a  very  peculiar  and  mysterious  nature,  some  of  which  perhaps  had  relation  to 
religious  rites.  A  tumulus,  or  carnedd,  which  Mr.  Lines,  who  examined  the  place  in  1870, 
thought  was  still  unopened  (letter  to  Capt.  Wayne,  of  Cae-nest),  stands  on  the  summit,  and 


674  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

between  the  carnedd  and  the  thick  walls  already  mentioned  there  stands  an  isolated  rock, 
seven  feet  high,  at  the  back  of  which  are  "  indications  of  structural  arrangements  of  a  semi- 
circular form,  as  though  for  seats.  These  are  overgrown  by  brushwood,  which  should  be 
cleared  off.  The  seven-feet  stone  may  have  been  a  stone  of  adoration.  Altogether  there 
seems  to  have  been  a  singular  combination  of  purpose  in  the  remains  of  this  rock.  The 
great  block  which  hangs  on  the  edge  of  the  precipice  at  the  west  has  evidently  been  used 
for  some  mysterious  proceedings.  It  possesses  some  singular  geometric  incisions  two  inches 
deep  on  its  end  next  to  the  carnedd.  Is  it  impossible  that  this  was  a  stone  of  sacrifice,  and 
the  victims  allowed  to  glide  from  its  surface  into  the  abyss  below  ?  " 

Mr.  Lines  hazards  the  conjecture  that  this  might  be  the  place  of  confinement  of  Elfin, 
son  of  Gwyddno  Garanhir  (the  somewhat  legendary  Lord  of  Ceredigion  and  Cantrdr 
Gwaelod),  and  that  Taliesin's  lines  in  reference  to  Elfin's  deliverance  have  reference  to  it, — 

"  It  is  I  who  am  a  diviner,  and  a  leading  bard, 
Who  know  every  passage  of  the  cave  of  silence, 
And  shall  set  Elphin  free, — Elphin,  the  son  of  Gwyddno, 
Is  in  the  land  of  Arthro,"  &c. — Myvyr.  Arch&ol. 

Whether  Mr.  Lines'  conjectures  thus  communicated  to  Capt.  Wayne  are  accurate  or 
not,  this  great  rock  and  the  ancient  human  works  which  crown  it  are  full  of  interest ;  and 
the  country  around  contains  many  caers  and  barrows,  camps  and  entrenched  positions, 
equally  unknown  as  yet  even  to  archaeologists  and  their  journals,  which  it  would  be  well  to 
inspect  and  describe.  A  British  caer  stands  on  the  estate  of  Mr.  Humphrey  Jones  of 
Penrallt,  near  the  Artro  vale.  On  the  farm  of  Llwyn-Griffri,  Talybont,  at  the  back  of  the 
house,  is  an  old  fort  of  considerable  size,  and  probably  of  comparatively  modern  date,  which 
has  been  examined  and  measured  by  Dr.  Griffith,  but  the  results  have  not  yet  been  published. 
The  caer  of  another  Craig  y  Ddinas,  overlooking  the  Vale  of  Isgethin,  above  Llanddwywe,  is 
on  a  bold  and  imposing  position ;  and  near  it  is  a  large  cairn,  where  the  ashes  of  fallen  heroes 
are  probably  reposing.  Castell  y  Beri,  on  a  hill  above  Llanfihangel  y  Pennant,  was  more 
likely  an  early  as  well  as  a  later  place  of  strength ;  Caerau  Crwyni,  and  the  neighbouring 
post  called  Y  Gaer,  between  Mynydd  Mynyllod  and  Rhug,  and  Caer  Drewyn  in  the  same 
neighbourhood,  north  of  Corwen,  are  other  examples  of  British  caers  of  early  origin,  but 
probably  used  by  foe  as  well  as  friend  in  later  times,  as  advantage  and  exigency  counselled. 

Beddau  Gwyr  Ardudwy  ("  the  graves  of  the  men  of  Ardudwy "),  connected  with  the 
legend  of  Llyn  Morwynion,  already  mentioned,  near  Festiniog ;  and  tumuli,  such  as  Tommen 
y  Mur,  near  Festiniog ;  Carneddi  Pengwm,  by  Llanaber,  and  the  huge  earn  near  Talybont, 
Llanddwywe  ;  the  two  tumuli,  each  called  Carneddwen,  near  Pont  Calettwr,  below  Bala ;  a 
earn  at  the  north-eastern  base  of  Mynydd  Mynyllod,  and  Tommen  y  Castell,  north  of  Corwen, 
are  well  known,  and  must  be  considered  pre-historic  in  the  sense  that  they  are  of  a  kind 
common  in  a  period  anterior  to  history,  and  are  themselves  devoid  of  record,  although  it 
is  not  to  be  doubted  that  the  practice  of  erecting  tumuli  over  the  graves  of  great  men  and 
their  families  descended  far  into  historic  times.  Many  of  the  tumuli  of  Merioneth  remain 
undisturbed,  and  promise  useful  revelations  to  skilful  archaeologists. 

The  earliest  historic  remains  of  importance  in  this  county  are  the  Roman  roads  which 


SARN  HELEN;  CYMMER  ABBEY;  GELERT'S  GRAVE.  675 

traverse  it.  These  are  traceable  a  considerable  distance  through  parts  now  the  least 
frequented,  and  following  a  route  which  involved  many  engineering  difficulties.  The  great 
trunk  of  Sarn  Helen,  as  called  by  the  natives,  but  Via  Maritima  by  the  Romans,  entered 
this  county  from  the  south  near  Llugwy  and  Talgarth  Hall  on  the  river  Dyfi  ;  had  a  station 
at  Pcnrallt;  made  its  devious  way, — 

"Per  varios  casus,  per  tot  discrimina  rerum," 

to  Dolgelley ;  pasbing  the  spot  where  Cymmer  Abbey,  now  itself  an  ancient  ruin,  was  built 
many  hundred  years  afterwards,  it  proceeded  directly  north  along  the  valley  of  the  Maw  to 
the  great  station  near  Trawsfynydd  (Tommen-y-Mur,  the  Henri  Mons),  where  it  met 
another  coming  from  Bala,  and,  as  is  highly  probable,  a  third  coming  from  Meifod  (Medio- 
/anum),  by  Dinas  Mawddwy  and  Drws-y-Nant :  from  Tommen-y-Mur  these  roads  divided 
themselves  into  two  branches,  one  proceeding  to  Carnarvon  (Stgontium)  by  Beddgelert,  the 
other  by  Caerhun  (Conov-ium — the  station  on  the  Conwy)  to  Bangor. 

Of  monuments  of  the  historic  period  in  this  county,  Harlech  Castle,  already  noticed  (see 
p.  662),  is  the  most  celebrated  and  imposing,  although  in  point  of  age  not  the  earliest.  The 
princely  seat  at  Talybont  has  left  nothing  visible  to  the  eyes  of  the  searcher  but  the  mound 
which  has  grown  out  of  its  ruins.  Cymmer  Abbey,  near  Dolgelley,  comes  next  after  Harlech 
Castle  as  to  the  importance  of  its  remains.  Egryn  Abbey  stood  on  the  margin  of  a  mountain 
stream  joining  the  sea  three  miles  north  of  Barmouth,  and  near  the  present  high  road;  the 
traces  of  it  remaining  are  very  obscure,  but  the  district  all  around  is  redolent  of  antiquity — 
a  land  of  barrows,  caers,  and  cromlechs,  of  traditions  and  legends,  sharply  cut  Celtic  features, 
tall  frames,  and  "long  heads" — monuments  all  alike  of  the  brave  folk  who  in  the  far  distant 
past  possessed  these  regions,  worshipped  God  and  showed  reverence  to  their  dead  according 
to  the  varying  behests  of  the  descending  ages, — making  one  feel  as  he  witnesses  them 
that  he  is  truly  in  an  ancient  land  and  among  an  ancient  people,  who  are  still  speaking  the 
language  which  sounded  at  the  hearth,  in  the  shepherd's  cry  from  the  hill-tops,  and  in  the 
warrior's  shout  in  the  charge  of  battle,  two  and  three  thousand  years  ago.  This  language  is 
itself  an  interesting  remain  of  antiquity,  and  yet,  in  a  sense,  is  not  old.  Taking  the  English 
as  its  companion  in  the  transactions  of  commerce,  higher  literature,  and  culture  of  the 
schools,  it  seems  to  claim  a  right  of  perpetual  rule  in  those  more  sacred  places — the  homes 
of  the  common  people,  and  the  shrines  of  their  faith. 

The  Cadvan  stone  in  Towyn  Churchyard  is  ancient,  but  the  inscription,  excepting  the 
one  word  CATVANIANUS,  is  illegible.  The  characters  are  an  approach  to  the  old  Welsh 
alphabet,  and  the  stone,  which  is  not  a  pillar  proper,  is  said  by  Nicholson  to  have  been  for 
many  years  removed  to  the  woods  of  Bodtalog,  and  restored  to  its  place  by  Mr.  Edward 
Scott.  In  its  original  state  the  monument  was  supported  by  other  stones.  Cadvan,  the 
Breton  saint,  who  came  to  Wales  in  the  sixth  century,  and  to  whom  the  church  is  dedicated, 
is  commemorated  by  this  stone. 

The  legend  of  the  Grave  of  Gelert  is  universally  known,  but  as  it  is  a  conceded  privilege 
in  our  day  to  doubt  everything  except  one's  own  existence  and  merits,  we  have  been  advised 


676  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

to  doubt  whether  there  ever  existed  a  Gelert  or  a  Gelert's  Grave.  The  tale,  we  are  told, 
has  its  counterpart  in  many  lands— in  France,  in  Persia,  in  Ireland ;  and  is  best  treated  by 
being  relegated  to  that  mysterious  land,  at  once  the  prolific  fountain  of  all  wisdom  and  of 
all  superstition — the  EAST.  But  how  came  the  spot  now  called  Gelert's  Grave  to  be  so  called 
at  all  ?  And  could  not  the  story  pass  from  Wales  to  the  East  as  wefl  as  from  the  East  into 
Wales,  as  the  whole  train  of  the  Arthurian  romances  is  known  to  have  done  ?  The  hypo- 
thesis, at  least,  is  as  dependent  for  belief  upon  credulity  as  is  the  legend  or  story  itself. 

Prince  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth — so  runs  the  legend — had  a  celebrated  greyhound  named 
Gelert,  "a  lamb  at  home,  a  lion  in  the  chase,"  given  him  by  his  father-in-law,  King  John  of 
England.  While  out  for  sport  among  the  Snowdon  hills,  his  child  had  been  left  in  a 
hunting  lodge  he  had  at  this  place.  Gelert  was  absent  this  day  from  the  chase,  but  on  his 
master's  return  met  him  at  the  door  covered  with  blood.  The  prince,  alarmed,  ran  into  the 
nursery,  and  found  his  child's  cradle  overturned,  and  the  ground  flowing  with  blood. 
Concluding  too  hastily  that  the  dog  had  killed  the  child, — 

"  '  Hell-hound!  my  child's  by  thee  devoured  ! ' 

The  frantic  father  cried  ; 
And  to  the  hilt  the  vengeful  sword 
He  plunged  in  Gelert's  side. 

"Aroused  by  Gelert's  dying  yell, 

Some  slumberer  wakened  nigh  : 
What  words  the  parent's  joy  could  tell 
To  hear  his  infant's  cry ! 

"Concealed  beneath  a  mangled  heap, 

His  hurried  search  had  missed ; 
All  glowing  from  his  rosy  sleep, 
The  cherub  boy  he  kissed. 

"  Nor  scath  had  he,  nor  harm  nor  dread, 

But  the  same  couch  beneath 
Lay  a  gaunt  wolf  all  torn  and  dead, 
Tremendous  still  in  death. 

"  Ah !  what  was  then  Llewelyn's  pain  ! 

For  now  the  truth  was  clear, 
His  gallant  hound  the  wolf  had  slain, 
To  save  Llewelyn's  heir. " 

The  ancient  bards,  who  must  have  had  the  power  of  long  vision  into  the  invisible,  could 
see  under  the  waves  of  Cardigan  Bay  the  tops  of  the  submerged  houses  of  Cantref  y 
GwadodJ  This  legend  relates  that  under  Gwyddno  Garanhir  (circa  A.D.  500),  ruler  of 
Ceredigion  (Cardigan),  a  lowland  tract  belonging  to  his  dominion  extended  far  out  into  what  is 
now  sea,  opposite  to  the  estuary  of  Barmouth  and  the  whole  hundred  of  Ardudwy.  Some,  to 
increase  the  wonder,  enlarged  it  into  the  whole  of  the  bay,  enclosed  by  a  line  drawn  from 
Towyn  to  the  south-western  point  of  Lleyn.  From  overflowing  many  of  the  "cities"  said  to 
exist  here,  the  sea  was  kept  in  check  by  dykes  and  gates ;  but  "  Seithenyn  the  drunkard  " 
forgot  the  sea,  and  the  mischief  was  done.  Of  the  "  three  arrant  drunkards  of  the  Isle  of 
Britain,"  according  to  the  Triads,  "  Seithenyn,  the  son  of  Seithyn  Saidi,  King  of  Dyfed,"  was 


CANTRE'R  GWAELOD  ;  GEOLOGY  OF  MERIONETH.  677 

one,  and  he,  having  charge  of  the  floodgates,  "  in  his  drink  let  the  sea  over  Cantref  y 
Gwaelod,  so  that  there  were  lost  of  houses  and  land  the  whole  that  were  there,  where 
formerly  were  found  sixteen  fortified  cities  [dinas-dref],  superior  to  all  the  towns  and  cities 
of  Cymru,  excepting  only  Caerllion  ar  Wysg  [Caerleon  on  Usk],  .  ~.  .  and  the  men 
that  escaped  that  inundation  landed  in  Ardudwy,  the  country  of  Arfon,  and  the  mountains 
of  Eryri,  and  other  places  not  heretofore  inhabited." 

This  is  all  the  evidence  of  the  alleged  inundation  we  possess.  That  a  lowland  tract 
existed  here  is  rendered  probable  enough  by  the  still  remaining  Marsh  of  Harlech,  which  is 
of  considerable  extent,  and  of  low  level,  stretching  some  four  miles  in  length  by  two  or  three 
in  the  widest  part,  between  Harlech  and  Traeth-bach.  But  that  a  region  containing 
"  sixteen  fortified  cities "  was  here  submerged  so  late  as  the  fifth  or  sixth  century,  when 
,  intercourse  with  the  world  was  so  wide,  without  some  further  record  of  it  having  been  left 
is  scarcely  credible,  while  the  allegation  that  the  ridge  of  Sarn  Badrig,  visible  at  low  water, 
is  a  remain  of  the  "  dykes  "  is  utterly  absurd.  An  examination  of  this  ridge  proves  that  it  is 
a  natural  rock,  and  a  little  study  of  the  geological  features  of  the  adjacent  country  will  show 
that  it  corresponds  with  the  lines  of  the  mountains,  and  of  the  Lleyn  promontory.  The 
"  great  blocks "  of  which  it  is  alleged  to  have  been  built  (as  if  the  Cymry  had  for  once 
become  Cyclopean  builders),  only  follow  the  analogy  of  the  interior  hills,  a  fact  very 
strikingly  illustrated  in  the  bold  rock  north  of  Talsarnau,  just  where  the  railway  enters  upon 
the  Traeth-bach  viaduct, — 

"In  sooth,  O  bard,  these  stones  are  ancient  stones! 
Laid  by  an  Ancient  Hand." 


SECTION  III.— THE  GEOLOGY  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

In  every  individual  feature  the  structure  of  the  rocks  of  this  county  is  the  same  with 
that  of  the  rocks  of  Carnarvonshire  (see  Geology  of  Carnarvonshire).  It  consists  of  three 
great  groups,  the  lower  Silurian  Llandeilo,  the  Cambrian,  and  the  stratified  igneous  rocks, 
with  some  dykes  and  beds  of  greenstone,  felspathic  porphyry,  and  lavas.  The  whole  country 
between  Barmouth  and  Festiniog,  bounded  by  the  sea,  by  Traeth-bach,  and  the  upper  valley  of 
the  Maw,  is  of  the  Cambrian  formation.  The  region  of  igneous  stratified  rocks  embraces  the 
ranges  of  Cader  Idris,  Aran  Mawddwy,  the  Arenigs,  and  the  heights  of  Festiniog.  Between 
the  Dyfi  and  the  Dysynni  the  Llandeilo  rocks  alone  prevail.  Of  these  the  hills  of  Dinas 
Mawddwy  and  Talyllyn  are  composed,  as  well  as  the  country  around  Bala,  the  vale  of 
Edeirnion,  the  shores  of  the  estuary  of  Mawddach,  Penrhyn-deudraeth,  &c.  Caradoc  rocks 
constitute  the  greater  part  of  Bwlchygroes  and  the  Berwyn  hills  on  towards  Llandrillo.  At 
Pont-aber-Glaslyn  the  river  cuts  through  the  Llandeilo  mass,  into  which  metalliferous  igneous 
dykes  have  protruded.  Slate  is  worked  at  Festiniog,  Dinas  Mawddwy,  Machynlleth,  and 
Pennal,  in  the  Llandeilo  beds  ;  at  Diphwys  in  the  Harlech  hills,  in  the  Cambrian,  but  of  a 
quality  greatly  inferior  to  that  of  the  Bethesda  and  Llanberis  slate  of  the  same  beds. 
From  end  to  end  the  county  of  Merioneth  is  included  in  the  lower  Silurian  series.  The 
rocks  throughout  have  been  subject  to  violent  convulsions,  and  in  places  to  volcanic  action. 

2   Y 


678  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


SECTION  IV.— NOBLE  TRIBE  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

The  only  founder  of  a  noble  tribe  ascribed  to  this  county  is  Ednowain  ap  Bradwen,  who 
flourished  in  the  twelfth  century.  He  has  sometimes  been  styled  "  Lord  of  Merioneth,"  but 
in  the  MS.  published  in  the  Cambrian  Register,  i.  153,  which  contains  the  best  account  of 
him  extant,  this  is  questioned,  since  the  Welsh  princes  and  their  issue  were  always  Lords  of 
Merioneth  ;  but  it  is  conjectured  that  he  might  have  held  Merioneth  in  fee  from  the  princes, 
and  thus  have  received  the  title  of  lord  of  it.  It  is  held  as  certain  that  he  was  possessed  of 
all  the  comot  of  Talybont,  except  Nannau,  and  for  the  most  part  of  Estumaner.  His  castle, 
called  Llys  Bradwen,  was  situated  below  Dolgelley,  between  Cader  Idris  and  the  estuary. 
Not  a  stone  of  it  remains  upon  another  at  present,  although  the  foundations  can  be  traced  ; 
but  at  the  time  of  the  writing  of  the  MS.  referred  to,  the  ruins  are  said  to  have  consisted  of 
"  large  stones,  as  usually  laid  to  form  the  foundations  of  a  building,  and  marked  the  form  as 
well  as  the  simplicity  of  the  habitations  of  the  ancient  reguli  of  Wales,  agreeing  exactly 
with  the  account  given  of  them  by  Whitaker  in  his  History  of  Manchester,  who  says  that  they 
were  commonly  placed  in  the  hollow  of  a  valley,  and  either  upon  the  margin  of  a  stream,  or 
at  the  confluence  of  two,  for  the  conveniency  of  water,  and  security  from  winds.  And  the 
followers  lived  immediately  about  the  person  of  their  chief,  or  in  little  bodies  along  the  windings 
of  the  valley,  to  be  within  reach  of  the  usual  signals  of  the  lord — the  striking  of  the  shield  or 
the  blowing  of  the  horn."  The  ground  plan  of  Llys  Bradwen  is  said  to  have  been  oblong, 
but  having  at  the  front  a  circular  apartment,  which  served  as  the  hall  of  audience  and  court 
of  justice.  The  oblong  building  behind  contained  the  chieftain's  own  apartments.  Around 
this  principal  building  were  the  traces  of  several  others  of  various  forms  and  dimensions. 

His  great  great  grandson's  son,  Llewelyn  ap  Tudur,  is  said  to  have  done  homage,  along 
with  other  lords  and  gentlemen  ,of  Wales,  to  Edward  I.  His  grandson,  Aron  ap  Ednyfed  ap 
Llewelyn,  we  are  further  informed,  "  had  two  sons,  more  eminent  than  the  rest  of  his 
children,  Ednyfed  and  Gruffydd,"  from  one  of  whom,  "  William  David  Lloyd,  of  Peniarth, 
Esq.,  lately  deceased,  was  descended,  whose  inheritance  is  come  to  Margaret,  the  mother  of 
Lewis  Owen,  Esq.  of  Peniarth,  deceased."  The  will  of  David  Lloyd,  father  of  the  said 
William,  is  dated  nth  July,  1570.  (Note,  Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.  238.)  When  Owain 
Glyndwr  was  hard  pressed  by  Henry  IV.,  Ednyfed  ap  Aron  is  said  to  have  given  him 
refuge  in  a  cave  by  the  sea-side,  in  the  parish  of  Celynin,  which  cave  was  afterwards 
called  Ogof  Owain.  Several  of  the  old  gentry  of  Merioneth  traced  to  Ednowain  ap 
Bradwen.  Some  also  of  the  families  of  Carmarthenshire  and  Cardiganshire,  such  as  the 
Lewises  of  Abernant-bychan  (now  extinct),  and  Leweses  of  Llysnewydd  and  Llanllyr  (see 
Lewes  of  Llysnewydd),  claim  the  same  descent.  Maternally,  W.  W.  E.  Wynne,  Esq.,  of 
Peniarth,  is  of  Ednowain's  lineage. 

Ednowain  ap  Bradwen  bore :  Gu.  three  snakes  nowed,  arg. 


Note  on  Rhirid  Flaidd. 

This  distinguished  man,  Lord  of  Penllyn  (a  cantref  containing  five  parishes  north  of  the 
Bala  Lake\  Eifionydd,  Pennant,  Melangell,  and  Glyn  in  Powys,  and  as  some  say,  of  eleven 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE.  679 

towns  or  trefs  in  the  hundred  of  Oswestry,  has  occasionally  been  described,  but  erroneously, 
as  founder  of  one  of  the  fifteen  noble  tribes  of  North  Wales  (see  Noble  Tribes).  At  the  same 
time  his  territories  were  larger  and  his  influence  much  more  extensive  than  those  of  several 
of  the  founders  of  noble  tribes.  He  flourished  at  the  time  of  Henry  II.,  and  his  son, 
Richard  I.  Paternally  his  descent  was  from  Cynedda  Wledig,  but  maternally  it  is  alleged 
that  his  lineage  was  Norman,  his  mother  being  a  descendant  of  Richard,  Earl  of  Avranches, 
by  his  son  William,  whose  brother  was  Hugh  Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester.  Whether  Rhirid  was 
called  Flaidd  (the  wolf)  from  a  cognomen  of  his  maternal  ancestors,  or  from  his  possession 
of  a  hungry  and  savage  nature,  it  is  not  easy  to  say.  His  eldest  son,  Madoc,  had  a  son, 
Rhirid  Fychan  (the  younger,  or  the  little),  who  married  into  the  family  of  Fychan  (  Vaughari) 
of  Nannau,  and  from  him  were  descended  the  subsequent  Vaitghans  of  Nannau  and  Rhug. 
From  his  son  David  Pothon,  who  married  Cicely,  daughter  of  Sir  Alexander  Myddelton, 
Lord  of  Myddelton,  in  Shropshire,  the  Myddeltons  of  Chirk  Castle,  &c.,  were  descended, 
retaining  the  maternal  surname. 


No'.e  on  Owain  Brogyntyn. 

Owain  Brogyntyn,  Lord  of  Edeirnion,  a  district  (as  already  shown)  now  in  Merioneth, 
but  then  in  the  princedom  of  Powys,  was  a  man  of  great  note  and  influence,  of  princely 
blood  though  of  illegitimate  birth,  and  left  a  numerous  posterity  in  that  lordship.  But  he 
is  properly  classed  under  Montgomeryshire,  on  the  borders  of  which  his  seat  of  Brogyntyn, 
corrupted  into  "  Porkington,"  was  situated.  (See  Ormsby-Gore  of  Brogyntyn?) 


SECTION  V.— OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

The  ancient  houses  of  this  county,  almost  without  exception  of  purely  Cymric  lineage, 
and  by  no  means  few  in  number,  considering  the  wild  and  mountainous  character  of 
the  district,  have  shown  a  vitality  truly  remarkable.  Even  to  this  day  several  of  the 
chief  families  of  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries  have  their  representatives  on  the 
ground,  holding  the  same  domains,  and  bearing  in  some  instances,  the  same  names. 
The  old  blood  has  departed  from  Corsygedol,  Rhiwaedog,  Dolgelley  (Owen)  ;  at  Nannau, 
Ynysymaengwyn,  Hengwrt,  Maesypandy,  and  Gwerclas,  it  has  been  intermittent  and  evanish- 
ing ;  but  at  Nannau  the  more  recent  name  of  Vaughan,  at  least,  still  continues,  and  the 
ancient  sept  of  Wynn  of  Glyn,  in  more  than  one  direction  endures,  represented  in  blood  in  its 
present  owner  (see  Ormsby-Gore  of  Brogyntyn},  and  by  name  as  well  as  in  blood  in  the 
person  of  the  owner  of  Peniarth  (see  Wynne  of  PeniartK).  Edeirnion  and  Mawddwy, 
contrasting  with  each  other  in  the  type  of  their  landscape,  have  been  subject  to  a  like  fate 
in  the  disappearance  of  a  large  proportion  of  their  venerable  households,  as  they  had  once 
enjoyed  a  like  distinction  in  the  possession  of  a  goodly  number  of  them.  The  land  has  got 
into  fewer  hands.  The  comparatively  small  but  compact  manor  where  the  plain  country 
gentleman  lived  familiarly  among  his  neighbours,  and  kept  hospitable  board  for  friend,  for 


68o  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

stranger,  and  for  poor,  has,  in  many  an  instance,  dwindled  down  to  the  common  farmhouse, 
or  left  on  its  site  but  the  greensward  or  the  forest.  It  may  be  all  for  the  better.  The  old 
division  of  population  into  gentry  and  poor  is  replaced  by  another,  in  which,  even  in 
Merioneth,  a  stout  and  numerous  middle  class  of  industrious  farmers  and  tradesmen 
occupies  a  prominent  position,  and  gives  to  society  a  breadth  and  vigour  unknown  to 
the  olden  times. 


Vaughan  of  Corsygtdol. 

The  Vaughans  of  Corsygedol,  who  became  so  distinguished  under  that  name  in 
Merioneth,  were  the  progeny  of  a  younger  son  of  Einion  ap  Gruffydd,  of  Corsygedol,  who 
was  of  the  sept  of  Osborn  Wyddel,  represented  in  the  eldest  branch  by  the  Wynns  of  Glyn, 
and  now  by  Wynne  of  Peniarth  (see  Wynne  of  PeniartK).  The  surname  Vaughan  began 
with  Gruffydd  Fychan,  probably  so  called  to  distinguish  him  as  son  or  junior  from  his  father 
Gruffydd  ap  Einion,  woodwarden  of  the  comot  of  Estimaner  A.D.  1382 — 1385,  and  captain 
ol  forty  archers  from  Merioneth  for  King  Richard  II.  Gruffydd  ap  Einion's  mother  was 
Tangwystl,  dau.  of  Rhydderch  ap  levan  Llwyd,  of  Gogerddan,  the  distinguished  bard  (see 
Pryse  of  Gogerddan).  The  Vaughans  of  Corsygedol  continued  at  that  place  and  under  that 
name  from  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  to  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  intermarrying,  in 
this  long  interval,  among  others,  with  the  families  of  Griffith  of  Penrhyn,  Cam. ;  Lloyds  of 
Dolgelynin,  Mont. ;  Wogans  of  Stonehall,  Pemb. ;  Nanneys  of  Nannau ;  Owens  of 
Clenenney,  &c.  They  frequently  supplied  sheriffs  for  Merioneth.  (See  Sheriffs?) 

Gruffydd  Vaughan,  of  Corsygedol,  was  one  of  the  defenders  of  Harlech  Castle  under  the 
brave  Dafydd  ap  levan  ap  Einion,  his  cousin  (see  Harlech  Castle).  In  an  account  of  him 
by  Vaughan  of  Hengvvrt,  the  antiquary,  he  is  said  to  have  been  "  in  great  credit  with  Jasper, 
Earle  of  Pembrok  [son  of  Owen  Tudor,  and  uncle  of  Henry  VII.],  who  lay  in  his  house  at 
Corsygedol,  when  he  fled  to  France  in  the  tyme  of  Edward  IV.,  and  as  some  report,  Harry, 
the  Earle  of  Richmond  with  him,  who  afterwards  was  King  of  England."  Lovvry,  his  wife, 
was  niece  of  the  celebrated  Owain  Glyndwr.  Gruffydd  Vaughan,  Esq.,  was  Lord  of  Corsy- 
gedol when  Lewys  Dwnn  in  1588  visited  the  place,  and  wrought  out  the  pedigree  of  the 
family. 

Upon  the  death,  in  1791,  of  Evan  Lloyd  Vaughan,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Merioneth,  the  last 
representative  in  the  male  line  of  this  ancient  family,  Corsygedol  and  the  rest  of  his  ample 
estates  passed  to  his  niece,  Margaret,  wife  of  Sir  Roger  Mostyn,  of  Mostyn,  Bart.  (Note 
on  Dwnn,  ii.,  220.)  Corsygedol  continued  in  the  Mostyn  family  until  it  was  purchased  by 
the  predecessor  of  the  present  owner  (see  Coulson  of  Corsygedol). 

The  Vaughans  of  Corsygedol  bore — Ermine,  on  a  saltire  gu.,  a  crescent  or  (with  sixteen 
quarterings). 


Nanney  of  Nannau. 

"  From  Cadwgan,  the  second  -son  of  the  founder  of  the  tribe,  descend  the  Nanneys  of 
Nannau." — Yorke.     The  founder  referred  to  was  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Prince  of  Powys   from 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE.  681 

whom  the  third  royal  tribe  of  Wales  was  descended.  Howel  Selyf,  or  Sell,  possessor  of 
Nannau  in  the  time  of  Owain  Glyndwr  (see  Nannau),  was  ninth  from  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn. 
His  grandfather,  Ynyr  Fychan  (junior),  son  of  Ynyr  ap  Meurig,  in  the  3jrd  of  Edward  I., 
presented  a  petition  to  the  Prince  of  Wales,  stating  that  the  king  had  made  him  Rhaglor  (W., 
Rhaglaw)  of  the  comot  of  Talybont  for  his  service  in  taking  Madoc  ap  Llywelyn,  who  in  the 
last  war  had  made  himself  Prince  of  Wales.  The  petition  was  not  granted,  inasmuch  as 
Ynyr  could  show  no  charter  or  title  to  the  office.  (See  Notes  on  Heraldic  Visit,  of  Wales, 
ii.,  226.)  When  Dwnn  visited  Nannau  in  1588  he  was  head  of  the  family,  and  signed  the 
pedigree.  His  grandson,  the  head  of  the  family,  was  Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  whose  name 
is  found  in  the  list  of  sheriffs  of  his  county  in  1627  and  1638,  and  who  died  1647. 
His  grandson,  Col.  Hugh  Nanney,  M.P.,  Col.  of  the  Militia  of  his  co.,  and  Vice-Admiral  of 
North  Wales  in  the  last  year  of  William  III.  (man.  in  Llanfachreth  Ch.),  was  the  last  of  the 
line  of  Nanney ;  he  married  Catherine,  dau.  of  William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Corsygedol,  but 
by  her  left  only  daughters ;  the  third  of  whom,  Catherine,  married  Robert  Vaughan,  Esq., 
the  celebrated  antiquary,  of  Hengwrt,  by  whom  she  had  several  children,  the  eldest  of  whom, 
Hugh  Vaughan,  eventually  succeeded  to  the  Nanney  estates,  but  d.  unnt.  His  next  brother, 
Robert  Howel  Vaughan,  of  Nanney  and  Hengwrt,  was  in  1792  made  a  baronet,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  the  popular  Sir  Robert  Vaughan,  Bart.,  M.P.,  of  Nannau,  who  repre- 
sented his  county  in  Parliament  for  the  long  period  of  forty-four  years.  He  was  also  father 
of  Griffith  ap  Howel  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Rhug  and  Hengwrt,  and  Col.  Edward  William 
Vaughan,  who,  on  inheriting  the  Rhug  estates,  assumed  by  licence  the  additional  surname  of 
Salesbury,  and  d.  in  1807.  (Note  Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.,  228.)  Sir  Robert  Williams 
Vaughan,  jrd  Bart,  of  Nannau,  d.  s.p.  1859,  when  the  title  became  extinct,  and  the  estates 
were  divided.  Nannau  was  left  to  the  Hon.  Thomas  Pryce  Lloyd  (see  Lloyd  of  Pengwerii) 
for  life,  and  then  to  John  Vaughan,  Esq.  (see  Vaughan  of  Nannaii)  ;  Hengwrt  was  given 
during  life  to  his  late  wife's  three  sisters,  with  remainder  likewise  to  John  Vaughan,  Esq., 
and  the  great  collection  of  the  Hengwrt  MSS.  was  bequeathed  to  his  kinsman,  W.  W.  E. 
Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth.  The  Rhug  estates  were  given  to  the  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynn,  second 
son  of  Lord  Newborough  (see  Wynn  of  Rhug). 

The  Nanneys  of  Nannau  bore — Or,  a  lion  rampant  az.  The  coat  of  the  Vaughans  of 
Nannau  was — Or  and  gu.,  four  lions  rampant  counterchanged  of  the  field ;  on  the  centre  of 
the  shield  the  Nanney  escutcheon. 


Owen  of  Dolgelley. 

The  Owens  of  Dolgelley,  whose  most  celebrated  member  was  Lewis  ap  Owen,  Esq., 
usually  called  "  the  Baron,"  sheriff  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  1546,  1555  ;  M.P.  for  the  same 
co.  1547,  1552  (see  Par/.  Annals),  Chamberlain  and  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  of  North 
Wales,  whose  murder  by  "  Gwylliaid  Mawddwy "  has  already  been  noticed,  were 
for  some  generations  a  very  prominent  house.  Their  paternal  lineage  was  drawn  from 
Gwrgant  ap  Ithel,  Prince  of  Glamorgan  (nth  cent.).  They  intermarried  with  the  Pulestons 
of  Emral,  the  Myttons  of  Mawddwy,  and  the  Bodvels  of  Bodvel.  Lewis  Owen,  grandson  of 
the  Baron,  was  sheriff  of  Merioneth  1 598 ;  married,  but  d.  s.  p.  Junior  branches  of  the  family, 


682  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

however,  continued  to  a  late  period  at  Caerberllan  and  Garthyngharad,  and  may  not  even 
now  be  quite  extinct. 

The  arms  of  the  Owens  were  those  of  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  Prince  of  Glamorgan, — Gu., 
three  chevrons  arg. 


Lloyd  of  Rhiwaedog. 

Rhiwaedog,  near  Bala,  a  spot  of  historic  interest  by  reason  of  the  great  battle  which 
tradition  relates  was  fought  here  between  the  Welsh  under  Llywarch  Hen,  the  prince-bard, 
and  the  Saxons,  when  the  aged  bard  lost  Cynddehv,  the  last  survivor  of  twenty-four  sons, 
whose  sanguinary  character  gave  its  name  to  the  place  (rhiw,  a  declivity ;  and  gwaedog, 
bloody).  It  is  situated  in  the  narrow  and  long  valley  of  .ffir-nant,  nearly  two  miles  from  the 
Dee,  and  an  equal  distance  from  the  mansion  of  Aberhirnant.  Rhirid  Flaidd  is  said  by 
Yorke  (Royal  Tribes)  to  have  dwelt  at  Rhiwaedog. 

The  Lloyds  of  Rhiwaedog  were  a  family  of  distinction,  and  of  great  antiquity.  They 
traced  their  lineage  to  Owain  Gwynedd,  in  the  same  branch  as  the  Maurices  of  Clenenney, 
and  Anwyls  of  Park  (see  Anwyl  of  Llugwy).  They  intermarried  with  the  Pulestons, 
Vaughans  of  Llwydiarth,  the  Nanneys,  Kynastons,  and  other  chief  houses.  In  Mr.  Wynne's 
notes  on  Dwnn  (ii.,  226)  we  find  that  in  the  eighteenth  century  Rhiwaedog  and  its  large 
possessions  passed  to  the  Dolbens ;  the  mansion  and  a  remnant  of  the  estate  became 
eventually  by  descent  vested  in  two  ladies  of  the  name  of  lies,  by  the  survivor  of  whom 
they  were  bequeathed  to  Mrs.  Price,  of  Rhiwlas.  The  old  mansion  of  Rhiwaedog  presents 
a  sad  picture  of  dilapidation  and  neglect,  uttering  a  loud  complaint  against  the  ignorance 
or  indifference  of  the  proprietor. 

There  are  still  descendants  of  this  ancient  family  at  Bala ;  the  elder  male  branch  was 
represented  by  George  Price  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Plas-yn-y-dre.  The  arms  borne  by  the  Lloyds 
were  those  of  Owain  Gwynedd, —  Vert,  three  eagles  displayed  in  fesse  or. 


Hughes  of  Gwerdas. 

This  family,  which  is  not  yet  quite  extinct,  traced  from  Gwaethfoed  of  Ceredigion,  through 
Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Prince  of  Powys,  and  his  descendant,  Owain  Brogyntyn,  Lord  of 
Edeirnion  and  Dinmael  (see  Owain  Brogyntyn).  Huw  ap  William,  living  A.D.  1546,  and 
described  by  Lewys  Dwnn  (Heraldic  Visit,  of  Wales')  as  one  of  the  barons  of  Edeirnion, 
and  Lord  of  all  Cymmer,  removed  from  Cymmer,  in  Edeirnion,  so  long  the  residence  of  his 
ancestors,  to  the  adjoining  mansion  of  Gwerdas,  within  the  barony.  He  d.  in  1600.  His 
son  Humphrey  ap  Huw,  or  Hughes,  Sheriff  of  Merioneth  in  1618,  was  head  of  the  family  at 
the  visitation  by  Lewys  Dwnn.  He  d.  s.  p.,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  Richard 
Hughes,  as  tenth  baron  of  Cymmer,  in  Edeirnion,  / 

This  senior  and  a  junior  branch  of  this  ancient  family  were  not  long  since  united  by  the 
marriage  of  John  Hughes,  Esq.,  barrister-at-law  of  the  Inner  Temple,  with  his  kinswoman, 
Dorothea,  eldest  surviving  daughter  of  Richard  Hughes  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Plymog,  Gwerclas, 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE.  683 

Cymmer,  and   Bashall,  of  which  marriage  there  is  issue  a  son,  Talbot  de  Bashall  Hughes, 
b.  1836. 

The  armorial  bearings  of  this  house  are  those  of  the  Princes  of  Powys, — Arg.,  a  lion 
rampant  sa. 


Hughes  and  Nanney  of  Maesypandy  and  Maesyneuadd. 

Maesypandy,  in  the  parish  of  Talyllyn,  now  reduced  to  a  farmstead,  was  for  many  ages 
the  seat  of  a  family  of  note.  Rhys  Hughes,  Esq.,  Sheriff  of  the  co.  of  Merioneth  in  1582, 
was  representative  of  his  house  at  the  visitation  of  Lewys  Dwnn  in  1588,  paying  ten  shillings 
to  the  Deputy  Herald  for  his  labour  in  making  out  the  family  pedigree.  They  traced  their 
lineage  from  Einion  Sais  (see  Gantts  of  Newton),  who  is  said  in  the  pedigrees  to  have  been 
a  descendant  of  Caradoc  Freichfras,  and  they  bore  the  arms  ascribed  by  the  heraldic  bards 
to  that  redoubtable  knight. 

The  heiress  of  the  Hughes  family  married  Lewis  Nanney,  Esq.,  a  grandson  by  a  younger 
son  of  Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Nannau.  He  was  Sheriff  of  Merioneth  in  1634.  She  was 
married,  secondly,  to  John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ceiswyn,  Sheriff  of  Merioneth  in  1652  and  1667. 
The  Maesypandy  estates,  after  being  vested  for  several  generations  in  his  family,  passed 
into  that  of  Wynn  of  Maesyneuadd,  Talsarnau,  through  the  marriage  of  William  Wynn,  Esq., 
to  Lowry,  eldest  sister  of  John  Nanney,  Esq.  Their  only  son,  William  Wynn,  Esq.,  Sheriff 
for  Merioneth  in  1758,  assumed  the  surname  of  Nanney.  He  d.  1795,  and  his  grandson, 
'John  Nanney,  in  1838  became  owner  of  Maesyneuadd  and  Maesypandy  (see  Notes 
Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.,  238).  He,  the  last  of  this  line,  d.  in  1868.  (See  Mrs.  Nanney 
of  Bronwylfa.) 

The  Nanneys  bore  on  their  coat — Quarterly,  ist  and  4th,  or,  a  lion  rampant  az. — for 
NANNEY;  2nd  and  3rd,  ermine,  on  a  saltire gu.  a  crescent  or — for  WYNN. 


Wynn  of  Glyn. 

This  ancient  family,  whose  name  is  no  longer  associated  with  Glyn,  is  nevertheless  not 
extinct.  (See  Wynn  of  Peniarth  and  Ormsby-Gore  of  Brogyntyn!) 

David  ap  Morgan  of  Crogen. — This  gentleman,  who  was  seated  at  the  ancient  "  Plas- 
yng-Nghrogen,"  when  Dwnn  in  1594  had  the  family  lineage  attested  by  him,  is  usually  said 
to  have  been  a  descendant  of  Owen  Brogyntyn.  His  grandson,  David  Morgan,  living  in 
the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  was  also  seated  at  Crogen ;  but  we  have  no  means 
of  ascertaining  the  time  when  the  family  became  extinct.  They  bore  the  arms  of  Owen 
Brogyntyn. 

Pyrs  of  Maesmawr  ("  Maesmore")  was  another  powerful  branch  of  the  Owen  Brogyntyn 
sept.  The  time  when  Maesmawr  (maes,  a  plain,  a  field ;  and  mawr,  large,  wide)  became 


684  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

their  home  is  uncertain.  It  was  part  of  the  lordship  of  their  ancestor  Owen.  It  continued 
in  their  possession  long  after  the  pedigree  was  drawn  up  by  Dwnn  {Heraldic  Visit,  of 
Wales,  ii.,  122)  when  "  Cadwaladr  Pyrs,  Esq.,"  was  chief  of  the  house.  The  name  of 
"  Peirs  Maesmore"  appears  in  the  subsidy  rolls  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  1636.  From  him 
were  several  descents,  until  in  1775,  or  soon  after,  the  heiress  of  Maesmawr  married  Edward 
Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Trefnant,  Mont.,  in  which  family  the  estate  thereafter  continued  (ib., 
note,  123).  Maesmawr,  once  in  Powys,  on  the  creation  of  Denbighshire  by  Henry  VIII. 
was  placed  within  the  boundary  line  of  that  county. 

Meyrick  of  Ucheldref. — Of  the  same  descent  with  Meyrick  of  Bodorgan,  Anglesey  (which 
see),  through  Einion  Sais  of  Bodorgan.  Ucheldref,  an  estate  of  several  farms,  in  the  parish 
of  Gwyddelwern,  near  Corwen,  was  at  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century  possessed  by 
"  Edmund  Meirig,  Dr.  of  the  Civill  Law "  (as  Dwnn  has  it),  Archdeacon  of  Bangor,  and 
Canon  of  Lichfield,  who  married,  first,  a  Conwy  of  Bodrhyddan,  and  secondly,  a  Williams 
of  Cochwillan.  The  estate  continued  in  the  Meyrick  family  till  about  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  "  when  it  became,  as  is  supposed  by  bequest,  the  property  of  the 
Kyffins  of  Maenan,  in  Denbighshire.  From  them  it  passed  by  marriage  to  the  Kenricks  of 
Nantclwyd."  (Ib.,  ii.,  127.) 

Vaughan  of  Dolmelynllyn. — This  was  a  branch  of  the  ancient  family  of  Hengwrt  and 
Nannau  (see  Nanney  and  Vaughan  of  Nannau),  not  of  early  or  of  long  settlement  at  this 
now  venerable  place.  Griffith  Vaughan,  Esq.,  the  first  of  the  house,  fourth  son  of  Robert 
Vaughan,  Esq.,  the  antiquary  of  Hengwrt,  settled  at  Dolmelynllyn,  having  married  Jane, 
dau.  of  John  ap  John  ap  Robert,  of  Glyn  Maiden.  He  d.  in  1700.  His  great-great-grand- 
son, Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.,  an  officer  in  the  army,  sold  the  estate  of  Dolmelynllyn  and 
Glyn  Maiden,  and  d.  unmarried  about  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century.  This  estate  is  now 
the  property  of  Charles  Reynolds  Williams,  Esq.  (See  Williams  of  Dolmelynllyn.) 

Vaughan  of  Llanuwchllyn. — This  family  of  Vaughan,  of  the  sept  of  Rhirid  Flaidd,  Lord 
of  Penllyi},  were  long  settled  in  the  parish  of  Llanuwchllyn,  probably  at  Glan-llyn,  on  the 
margin  of  the  Bala  Lake,  a  property  inherited  by  the  present  Sir  Watkin  W.  Wynn,  Bart.,  of 
Wynnstay,  through  marriage  of  the  first  Sir  Watkin  with  Anna  Josephina,  dau.  and  co- 
heiress of  the  last  Vaughan  (Edward)  of  Llanuwchllyn  and  Llwydiarth,  Mont.  (See  Vaughan 
of  Llwydiarth)  The  surname  Vaughan  originated  at  Llanuwchllyn  with  leuan  Fychan  ("  the 
younger,"  the  "little"),  son  of  leuan  ap  Gruffydd  (d.  1370),  whose  tomb  is  extant  in  the 
church  of  Llanuwchllyn.  (Note,  Heraldic  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.,  229.)  The  head  of  this  house 
in  1588  was  Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.  His  arms,  according  to  Dwnn,  were — Vert,  a  chevron 
between  three  wolves'  heads  erased  arg. — the  insignia  of  Rhirid  Flaidd. 

Edwards  of  Prysg. — John  Edwards  of  Prysg,  near  Llanuwchllyn,  living  in  1588,  was  of 
the  lineage  of  Rhirid  Flaidd,  Lord  of  Penllyn,  in  the  same  line,  through  leuan  Fychan  ap 
leuan  ap  Gruffydd,  with  the  Vaughans  of  Llanuwchllyn  mentioned  above.  This  last  leuan 
(ap  Gruffydd)  is  stated  in  an  autograph  MS.  of  the  eminent  antiquary,  Robert  Vaughan,  of 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE.  685 

Hengwrt,  to  have  "lived  in  great  credit  and  esteeme  in  the  days  of  King  Edward  III.,  who 
allowed  him  anannuall  stipend  for  guarding  and  conducting  of  ye  Justice  of  North  Wales 
with  a  companie  of  archers,  whilest  he  should  sociourne  and  stay  in  ye  countie  of  Merioneth." 
(Note,  Heraldic  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.  232.)  This  intimates  a  state  of  unsettledness  in  the 
country  somewhat  parallel  to  what  we  see  in  Ireland  now,  when  Justice  Keogh  has  to  be 
escorted  by  a  company  of  soldiers  by  railway.  The  Prysg  estate,  together  with  Caergai,  is 
believed  to  have  been  sold  in  1740  by  the  Rev.  Henry  Mainvvaring  and  Mary  Elizabeth,  his 
wife,  dau.,  and  at  length  heiress  of  John  Vaughan,  Esq.  (Sheriff  of  Merioneth  in  1709)  to 
Sir  Watkin  W.  Wynn,  and  is  in  the  possession  of  the  present  Sir  Watkin.  The  arms  of 
Edwards  of  Prysg  were  th^se  of  Rhirid  Flaidd, —  Vert,  a  chevron  between  three  wolves'  heads 

erased  arg. 

• 

• 
Lloyd  of  Rhiw-goch. — The  Lloyds  of  Rhiw-goch,  in  the  parish  of  Trawsfynydd,  were  for 

several  generations  people  of  good  position  in  their  county,  and  derived  their  lineage  from 
Llywarch  ap  Bran  (twelfth  century)  of  Anglesey,  founder  of  the  second  Noble  Tribe  of  North 
Wales.  Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  representative  of  the  family  at  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  later,  was  M.P.  for  Merioneth  1586  and  1614  ;  Sheriff  in  1596.  1602,  1615,  and  1625, 
and  was  living  in  1636.  His  eldest  son,  Ellis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  living  temp.  Charles  II.,  was  the 
last  heir  male  of  the  estate,  which  eventually  passed  with  his  daughter,  Jane,  to  her  husband, 
Henry  Wynn,  Esq.,  a  younger  son  of  Sir  John  Wynn,  Bart.,  of  Gwydir.  The  estate  was 
ultimately  bequeathed  by  the  last  Sir  John  Wynn  (son  of  the  said  Henry,  and  Jane  Lloyd), 
to  his  kinsman,  Watkin  Williams,  Esq. ;  by  whose  representative,  Sir  Watkin  Williams  Wynn, 
Bart.,  of  Wynnstay,  they  are  at  present  possessed. 

The  arms  of  Lloyd  of  Rhiw-g6ch  were  those  of  Llywarch  ap  Bran, — Arg.,  a  chevron,  sa. 
between  three  Cornish  choughs  (or  crows)  proper. 

Powys  of  Cymmer. — This  was  a  family  of  good  and  ancient  lineage,  tracing  from 
Brochwel  Ysgythrog,  Prince  of  Powys ;  but  its  settlement  at  Cymmer,  near  Dolgelley,  is  not 
known  to  be  earlier  than  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  John  Powys, 
a  Serj can t-at- Arms  to  Henry  VIII.,  and  living  also  in  the  ist  and  2nd  of  Philip  and  Mary, 
Sheriff  of  Merioneth  in  1543,  had,  A.D.  1550,  granted  to  him  in  perpetuity,  or  on  lease,  the 
Abbey  of  Cymmer,  with  the  greater  portion  of  its  possessions.  He  is  styled  in  a  charter  of 
Edward  VI.,  "John  Powes  de  hospitio  suo"  i.e.,  of  the  king's  household.  Among  his 
descendants,  who  for  several  generations  continued  at  "  Vaner  Cymer,"  as  Dwnn  has  it, 
—doubtless  meaning  thereby  the  Manor  of  Cymmer,  John  Powys,  his  grandson,  represented 
the  family  in  1588,  and  paid  the  Deputy  Herold  "five  shillings"  for  putting  the  imprimatur 
of  the  College  of  Arms  on  his  pedigree. 

Nanney  of  Cefn-dcuddwr.—Tte  house  of  Cefn-deuddwr  was  in  the  parish  of  Trawsfynydd, 
and  the  Nanneys  of  that  place  were  an  offshoot  of  the  great  house  of  Nannau,  and  bare  the 
same  arms  with  a  martlet  for  difference  of  the  third  son.  This  branch  of  the  Nanneys  has 
become  extinct  in  the  present  century,  when  the  lineal  representative,  Rev.  Richard  Nanney 
(d.  1812),  devised  the  estate  to  his  sister's  son,  Bavid  Ellis,  Esq.,  of  Gwynfryn,  co.  of  Cam., 


686  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

who,  soon  dying  s.  p.,  left  the  united  estates  of  Gwynfryn  and  Cefh-deuddwr  to  his  sister's 
son,  Owen  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Brynkir,  who  took  after  his  own  surname  those  of  Ellis  and 
Nanney.  He  d,  1870.  (See  further  Ellis  Nanney  of  Gwynfryn?)  • 

Griffith  of  Tanybwkh. — The  early  name  of  Tanybwlch  (now  Plas  Tanybwlch)  was 
Bwlch-Coed-dyffryn — the  home  of  a  much  respected  family,  whose  lineage  was  derived 
from  Collwyn,  founder  of  the  fifth  Noble  Tribe  of  North  Wales,  and  whose  surname,  when 
surnames  came  into  use  among  the  Welsh,  was  first  Evans,  then  Gryffydd.  Ivan  Evans  was 
head  of  the  house  in  1588.  Margaret,  the  heiress  of  his  grandson,  Ivan  Evans  (Sheriff  for 
Merioneth  in  1635),  by  Elizabeth  Wynn  of  Glyn,  married  Robert  Gryffydd  of  Bach-y-Saint, 
co.  of  Carn.,  who  was  living  in  1723.  (Note,  Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.,  224.)  Their 
descendant,  Margaret,  only  child  of  Evan  Gryffydd,  Esq ,  conveyed  the  Tanybwlch  estate, 
by  marriage,  to  William  Oakeley,  Esq.,  of  an  ancient  family  in  Shropshire,  and  elder  brother 
of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Oakeley,  Bart.  (See  further,  Oakeley  of  Plas  Tanybwlch?) 

Price  of  Esgairweddan. — The  earlier  name  of  Esgairweddan,  near  Towyn,  was  "  Plas  yn 
y  Rofft " — so  it  is  called  by  Lewys  Dwnn  (1588).  The  family,  eventually  using  the  surname 
Price  (ap  Rhys),  claimed  direct  descent  from  Owain  Gwynedd,  Prince  of  North  Wales, 
through  his  eldest  son,  lerwerth,  who,  on  account  of  a  personal  deformity,  was  not  allowed 
to  succeed  his  father.  The  time  of  their  first  residence  at  this  place  is  not  known.  Edward 
Prys,  who  represented  the  family  in  1588,  had  only  daughters,  but  he  had  several  married 
brothers  who  had  issue.  The  line  of  Price  of  Esgairweddan  became  extinct  with  Robert 
Price,  Esq.  (d.  1702),  who  left  two  daughters,  Mary  the  survivor,  and  Anne,  who  d.  in  1750. 
The  estates,  at  the  demise  of  the  former,  passed  to  the  Edwardses  of  Talgarth,  and  are  now 
vested  in  Capt.  Thruston  of  Talgarth  Hall.  (Note  on  Dwnn,  ii.,  240.)  See  further, 
Thruston  of  Talgarth  Hall. 

Lloyd  of  Dol-y-gelynen. — Near  Pennal  is  situated  the  old  homestead  of  Dol-y-gelynen 
("  Holly-dale  ")  where  dwelt  for  many  ages  a  family  of  some  note  in  their  day,  but  now  long 
extinct.  They  traced  their  descent  from  Einion  ap  Seissyllt,  Lord  of  Meirionydd,  and  thence 
to  Gwyddno  Garanhir  (Goron  Aur  ? — See  Dwnn),  and  eventually  adopted  the  surname  Lloyd 
(Llwyd) — but  from  what  circumstance  is  not  now  apparent.  Rhys  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Dol-y- 
gelynen,  living  in  1609,  was  fourth  in  descent  from  the  eminent  poet,  Dafydd  Llwyd  ap 
Llywelyn,  of  Mathavarn,  near  Machynlleth  (fl.  1470  — 1520),  who  is  said  to  have  greatly 
aided  by  his  writings  the  cause  of  the  Earl  of  Richmond  (Henry  VII.)  in  Wales,  and  is 
believed  to  have  entertained  the  Earl  at  Mathavarn  on  his  way  to  Bosworth  Field.  (Note 
on  Dwnn,  ii.,  241.)  Dol-y-gelynen  continued  long  in  the  possession  of  the  Lloyds,  for  in 
1698  David  Lloyd  of  that  place  was  one  of  the  commissioners  for  collecting  a  subsidy  voted 
by  Parliament. 

Leuns  and  Wynn  of  Pengwern. — The  mansion  of  Pengwern,  near  Festiniog,  bears  in  its 
age  and  decrepitude  many  traces  of  former  notability.  For  a  long  series  of  years  it  was  the 
patrimony  of  a  family  of  influence  and  wealth,  deriving  from  the  same  venerable  stock  with 


OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE.  687 

the  Wynns  of  Glyn  and  Peniarth,  Vaughans  of  Corsygedol,  &c.,  viz.,  Osborn  Wyddel.  (See 
Wynn  of  Peniarth;  Vaughan  of  Corsygedol.)  Their  lineage  came  through  the  celebrated 
Dafydd  ap  leuan  ap  Einion,  the  defender  of  Harlech  Castle  during  the  War  of  the  Roses, 
whereas  the  Corsygedol  line  came  through  Gruffydd  ap  Einion.  The  first  to  adopt  the 
surname  Lewis,  was  John,  son  of  Lewis,  grandson  of  Dafydd  ap  leuan  ap  Einion,  aforesaid. 
Morys  Lewis  was  Sheriff  of  Merioneth  in  1596.  The  line  of  Lewis  ended  in  an  heiress, 
Anne  (dau.  of  Morys  Lewis),  who  in  1689  married  Owen  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn,  Denbigh- 
shire, a  younger  branch  of  the  great  house  of  Gwydir.  Their  lineal  descendant  Maurice 
Wynn,  LL.D.,  of  Llwyn  and  Pengwern,  Rector  of  Bangor  Iscoed,  dying  unmarried, 
bequeathed  the  estates  to  his  nephew,  the  Rev.  Lloyd  Fletcher,  a  younger  son  of  his  sister 
Ellinor,  by  Phillips  Lloyd  Fletcher,  Esq.,  of  Gwernhayled,  co.  of  Flint.),  who  assumed  the 
surname  of  Wynne.  The  Pengwern  estate  is  now  lineally  inherited  by  Phillips  Lloyd 
Fletcher,  Esq.  (See  Fletcher  of  Ntrquis  Hall,  Flintshire) 

The  arms  of  the  Lewis  family  were, — Ermine,  on  a  saltire  gu.,  a  crescent  or, — the  arms  of 
the  Wynnes. 

Lloyd  of  Nant-y-mynach. — Near  Mallwyd  was  the  old  place,  Nant-y-mynach  (whose  name 
.  seems  to  embody  an  allusion  to  some  monastic  institution  once  existing  in  the  neighbour- 
hood), the  home  in  the  olden  time  of  the  Lloyds,  a  family  of  the  sept  of  Ednowain  ap 
Bradwen,  founder  of  one  of  the  Fifteen  Noble  Tribes,  of  Llys  Bradwen,  near  Dolgelley.  The 
head  of  this  old  family  in  1594  was  Richard  Lloyd  ;  but  how  far  his  descendants,  beyond  his 
sons  John,  Samuel,  and  Lodwig,  continued  the  line,  we  are  not  able  to  ascertain.  The  arms 
of  Richard  Lloyd  were,  first,  those  of  Ednowain  ap  Bradwen, — Gu.,  three  snakes  enowed,  arg. ; 
secondly,  those  of  Gruffydd  ap  Adda  of  Dolg6ch, — Or,  a  lion  rampant  regardant  sa. 

Price  of  Corsygarnedd  Llahfachreth. — The  Prices  of  Corsygarnedd,  were  a  family  of 
some  importance  and  respectability  at  least  as  far  back  as  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  The  surname  Price  appears  to  have  been  first  adopted  by  Griffith  Price  (ap 
Rhys),  Esq.  (b.  August  4,  1693),  son  of  Rhys  Gruffydd  of  Corsygarnedd,  by  his  wife  Anne, 
one  of  the  Meiricks  of  Berth-lwyd.  Griffith,  the  eldest  son  (b.  April  8,  1718;  d.  1804),  m. 
Jonnet  (d.  1788),  only  dau.  and  h.  of  David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Braich-y-Ceunant  (as  shown  by 
the  inscription  on  a  tablet  in  Llanfachreth  Church),  and  left  an  only  child  and  h.,  Laura, 
who  became  the  wife  of  Edward  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Cerrig-llwydion,  Denb.  This  marriage 
also  ultimately  issued  in  an  heiress,  Anne,  who  married  John  Edwards,  Esq.,  2nd  son,  of 
Dolserau — a  family  different  from  her  own,  being  the  Edwards  of  Ness  Strange,  Salop  (see 
Edwards  of  Dolserau),  by  whom  she  had  an  only  son,  Edward  Lloyd  Edwards,  Esq.,  of 
Dolserau,  owner  through  his  mother  of  Cerrig-llwydion,  &c.  His  only  child,  Louisa  Janette 
Anne,  the  present  Mrs.  Richards  of  Caernwch,  succeeded  to  his  estates,  and  is  senior 
representative  of  the  Prices  of  Corsygarnedd,  Lloyds  of  Braich-Ceunant,  as  well  as  Edwardses 
of  Cerrig-llwydion.  (See,  further,  Richards  of  Caerynwch)  One  of  the  cadet  branches  of  the 
Price  family  of  Corsygarnedd  is  now  represented  by  J.  Pryce  Jones,  Esq.,  of  the  Groves,  Wrex- 
ham,  who  is  maternally  descended  from  Richard,  son  of  the  first  Griffith  Price  of  Corysgarnedd. 

The  arms  as  shewn  on  the  memorial  tablet,  are  those  of  Llywarch  ap  Bran, — Arg.,  a 


688  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

chevron  between  three  Cornish  choughs,  sa.,  with  which  the  second  Griffith  Price  quartered 
those  of  his  wife, — Per  pale,  a  cross  patonce  between  four  Cornish  choughs,  ppr. ;  sa.  a 
chevron  arg.  between  three  boars'  heads  of  the  second,  erased,  langued  git. 

Wynn  and  Vaughan  of  Bod-talog. — Bod-talog,  near  Towyn,  was  long  the  possession  of 
the  Wynns,  a  branch  of  the  Gwydir  stock.  Dwnn  says :  "  leuan  Gwyn  had  Bod-talog,  and 
his  wife  was  Catherine,  dau.  of  David  ap  Howel  ap  Owen  of  Llanbrynmair."  leuan  Fychan 
was  a  grand  juror  for  co.  Merioneth,  A.D.  1453.  The  pedigree  is  brought  down  to  1623 
by  Vincent,  136,  1001,  (Coll.  of  Arms)  Sir  John  Wynn,  of  Gwydir,  being  then  living.  In  the 
invaluable  notes  to  Dwnn's  Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales  (which,  though  anonymous,  are  known  to 
be  from  the  competent  hand  of  Mr.  W.  W.  E.  Wynne  of  Peniarth,  and  from  which  we  have 
frequently  quoted),  we  are  informed  that  the  late  John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Penmaen-Dyfi,  was 
representative  of  this  ancient  house  of  Bod-talog 

Among  the  other  numerous  families  of  Merioneth  were  those  of  Philips  of  Hendrefechan 
(near  Harlech,  in  Ardudwy),  remarkable  for  having  produced  a  long  succession  of  poets 
of  note,  such  as  "  Sion  Phylip,"  d.  1620,  "  Gwilyn  Phylip,"  Gruffydd  Phylip  (1658),  and 
Philip  John  Philip  (1674);  Morgan  of  Taltrenddyn  (originating  in  leuan  ap  Jenkin  ap 
Meredydd  ap  Alo,  but  who  called  himself  leuan  Collier),  whose  arms  were — Or,  three  lions' 
heads  erased,  gu.,  within  a  bordure  engrailed  az., — the  insignia  of  Alo,  and  the  arms  of 
Ednyfed  Fychan,  and  which  about  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  merged,  by  marriage  of 
the  heiress,  into  the  family  of  Griffith  of  Llanfair,  co.  of  Carn. ;  Gwyn  of  Llwyn-  Griff ri,  of  the 
same  line,  and  bearing  the  same  arms  as  the  last  mentioned  family,  excepting  those  of 
Ednyfed ;  Edwards  of  Llwyn-du,  (Llanaber),  also  of  the  same  sept,  but  using  other  arms, 
viz.,  sa.  a  lion  rampant  arg.;  Owen  of  Talybont  (Llanegryn),  of  the  line  of  Lewis  Owen, 
"  the  baron,"  of  Dolgelley,  obtained  Talybont  with  extensive  privileges  attached  to  it, 
by  purchase,  from  the  crown,  temp.  James  I.  (one  of  their  number,  Hugh  Owen,  was 
founder  of  the  Free  School  at  Llanegryn,  and  father  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  John  Owen,  the 
great  Nonconformist  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  Vice-Chancellor  of  Oxford  University,  and 
Chaplain  to  Oliver  Cromwell) ;  Jones  of  Maesygarnedd  (near  Llanbedr),  one  of  whose  line 
was  Col.  John  Jones,  M.P.  for  Merioneth,  who  became  brother-in-law  of  Oliver  Cromwell, 
and  was  one  of  those  who  signed  the  death-warrant  of  Charles  I.;  Lloyd  of  Plas  yn  'Difo/ 
(Edeirnion),  of  the  sept  of  Marchudd  ap  Cynan,  founder  of  the  Eighth  Noble  Tribe,  and 
bore  his  arms,  —  Git.,  a  saracen's  head  erased  ppr.,  and  continued  at  Plas  yn  'Ddol  till  near 
the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  when  it  was  sold  to  the  Joneses,  whose  representative, 
the  late  Richard  Parry,  sold  it  to  Col.  Vaughan  of  Rhug,  of  which  estate  it  now  forms  part. 

In  the  vale  of  Dyfi  and  the  hilly  Mawddwy  there  were  many  old  families  of  high 
respectability,  who  have  left  no  representatives — such  as  the  Broughs  and  Myttons  of  Dinas 
Mawddwy,  two  names  located  on  the  Lordship  of  Mawddwy  through  marriage  in  succession 
with  heiresses,  the  former,  through  the  marriage  of  Hugh  Brough  with  the  granddaughter  ot' 
William  Willcock  (Will  G6cA—"red  Will"),  called  "de  la  Pole,"  because  he  came  from 
Pool,  Mont,  Lord  of  Mawddwy,  of  the  line  of  Owain  Cyfeiliog ;  the  latter  through  the 
marriage  of  Thomas  Mytton,  Esq.,  with  a  daughter  of  Sir  John  Brough,  Lord  of  Mawddwy, 
whose  mansion  stood  on  the  site  of  the  newly  erected  Plas  Dinns  Mawddwy  (see  Buckley 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE.  689 

of  Plus  Dinas  Mawdduy) ;  David  ap  Howel  of  Llan-y-Mawddwy  (of  the  same  line  of 
Owain  Cyfeiliog),  whose  family  intermarried  with  that  of  Nannati,  &c.,  and  continued  at 
Llan-y-Mawddwy  for  some  time ;  Lloyd  of  Plas  yn  Nghriswyn  (Talyllyn),  of  the  line  of 
Gwaethfoed,  Lord  of  Cardigan,  one  of  whose  members,  John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  was  Sheriff  of  Meri- 
oneth in  1550,  1558,  and  1562.  There  were  several  others  of  less  note  and  short  continuance. 

Prys  of  Tyddyn-du,  Maentwrog. 

Edmund  Prys  of  Tyddyn-du,  Maentwrog,  merits  especial  notice,  not  merely  as  a  man  of 
good  family  and  high  standing  in  the  Church,  but  as  author  of  an  early  translation  of  the 
Psalms  into  Welsh,  which  continues  in  use  to  the  present  day,  and  the  writer  of  other  less 
important  works.  He  was  born  at  Gerddi  Bluog,  Llandecwyn,  near  Maentwrog,  circa  1541  ; 
of  the  race  of  Hedd  Molwynog;  educated  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Cambridge;  became  Vicar  of 
Maentwrog  1572;  of  LUnddwywe  1580;  was  made  Archdeacon  of  Merioneth  1576,  and 
obtained  a  Canonry  in  St.  Asaph  1602.  He  d.  1621,  xt.  80,  and  was  buried  at  Maentwrog, 
but  no  stone  shows  the  place  of  his  rest.  He  left  a  family,  but  of  the  history  of  them  and 
their  issue  little  is  known.  Edmund  Prys  being  a  bard,  wrote  "  poetry  "  in  the  twenty-four 
regular  metres,  and  many  of  his  productions,  especially  his  friendly  tournament  in  verse  with 
William  Cynwal,  display  a  vein  of  pleasantry  and  much  genuine  humour.  He  wrote  also  some 
Latin  poetry.  We  may  imagine  the  state  of  ignorance  into  which  the  people  had  been  plunged 
at  this  period  when  we  say  that  for  nearly  sixty  years  after  Edmund  Prys's  Psalms  and  Dr. 
Morgan's  Bible  were  printed  in  London  (1588),  not  a  single  book  in  the  Welsh  language 
was  printed  in  Wales.  The  political  wisdom  of  the  time  displayed  itself  in  the  systematic 
discouragement  of  the  Welsh  language,  and  attained  the  result  of  popular  ignorance  and 
depravity.  The  first  Welsh  book  issued  from  the  press  in  Wales  yet  discovered  was  "  The 
Whole  Duty  of  Man,"  printed  at  Wrexham  in  1718,  more  than  270  years  after  the  invention 
of  printing ! 

( 
SECTION  V.— HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE,  A.D.  1284—1872. 

Sheriffs  of  counties  under  the  Plantagenets  and  up  to  Henry  VIII.  were  usually 
appointed  for  life,  or  during  pleasure,  and  the  persons  so  appointed  were  not  always 
residents,  or  even  natives  of  the  Principality.  Under  Henry  VIII.  it  was  ordered  that  three 
persons  should  be  nominated  by  "  the  President,  Council,  and  Justices  of  Wales,"  as  suitable 
for  the  office  of  sheriff,  and  certified  by  the  same  to  the  Privy  Council,  "  to  the  end  that  the 
king  maight  appoint  one  of  them  in  every  of  the  said  shires  to  be  sheriff  for  that  year,  like 
as  is  used  in  England."  The  following  list  of  Merioneth  sheriffs  in  its  earlier  part  up  to 
A.D.  1541  is  the  fruit  of  the  research  of  W.  W.  E.  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth,  and  the 
succeeding  part,  up  to  1847  (see  Archaol.  Cambr.,  1847,  p.  120),  has  also  passed  under  his 
careful  scrutiny  and  correction.  The  Gwiliedydd  for  1828  published  a  list  of  the  Sheriffs  of 
Merioneth  from  A.D.  1538,  and  of  Montgomery  from  the  year  1540,  but  those  lists  were  in 
many  instances  incorrect,  both  as  to  the  name  of  sheriff  and  year  of  office.  This  is 
especially  the  case  in  the  earlier  dates.  Recent  Sheriffs  have  been  supplied  by  E.  Breese, 
Esq  All  notes  in  brackets  are  by  the  author. 


6go 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


A.D. 


EDWARD  I. 


Robert  de  Staundon   [he   probably   held   the 

office  till  1304]         ....         1284-94 
Robert  de  Eccleshale     .....     1304 


EDWARD  II. 

levan  ap  Howel  [of  what  place  it  is  impossible 

to  determine]  the  name  being  common  .  1309 
Robert  de  Eccleshale,  again  .  .  .  1311-13 
Robert  ap  Rees  ["quamdiu  nobis  placuerit"]  1314-16 
John  Cam,  Sheriff;  Thomas  de  Peulesdon, 

Deputy 1319-20 

Griffith  ap  Rees,  again  .  .  .  .  1321-23 
Griffith  ap  Rees,  ''Knight"  (the  same)  .  .1327 

EDWARD  III. 

Griffith  ap  Rees  (the  same)  .  .  .  .1327 

Edmund  Hakelut 1329-30 

Griffith,  [son  of  William  de  la  Pole,  Lord  of 

Mawddwy,  or  "  Will  Goch  "]  .  .  1331 

Richard  de  Holond 1332 

Robert  de  Middleton,  "valletus  regis,"  later 

in  the  year       ......     I332 

Walter  de  Manny  [appointed  for  life]  .  .  1332 
Howel  ap  Grono  [prob.  deputy  to  De  Manny]  .  1343 
John  de  Housum,  or  Hosum  [also  deputy  under 

De  Manny] 1345 

Meurig  Maelan  [prob.  deputy  to  De  Manny]  1347-8 
Einion  ap  Gr.  (Griffith)  [Mr.  Wynne  considers 

him   the   same   person    with    Einion    ap 

Griffith,  Sheriff  of  Cam.  25  Edw.  III.]  1352 
Ran  del  Hope  [sub-sheriff  to  Walter  de 

Manny] 1353 

Griffith  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Kenric  of  Corsygedol  1372 
John  de  Baildon  [not  deputy,  De  Manny  being 

now  dead]       ......     1376 

RICHARD  II. 

Richard  Bailden 1387 

Vivian  Colier,  the  younger,  of  Harlech.  [See 
Morgan  of  Taltreuddynn  and  Gwyn  of 

Llwyn-griffri] 1391 

John  Banham          ......      1396 

HENRY  IV. 

Einion  ap  Ithel  of  Rhiwaedog  died,  being 
sheriff  of  this  co.  [Vaughan  of  Hengwrt 
says  that  "after"  the  death,  not  "upon" 
the  death  of  De  Manny,  Einion  ap  Ithel 
was  appointed  for  life]  ....  1400 

HENRY,  PRINCE  OF  WALES,  fasten 
HENRY  V. 

T'lomas  Strange 1412 


A.D. 
HENRY  V. 

Thomas  Strange  (the  same)     ....     1421 

HENRY  VI. 

Robert  de  Orelle 1423-6 

Thomas  Burneby  (appointed  for  life)  .  .  1432 
John  Hampton  \deputy  for  Burneby]  .  1437-8 

Thomas  Burneby  was  sheriff  ....  1448 
Thomas  Burneby  and  Thomas  Parker  .  .  1452 
Thomas  Burneby  .....  '455-7 

Vivian  Palgus.  [See  Philips  of  Hendrefechan. 
The  curious  name  "  Palgus  "  was  assumed 
by  the  descendants  of  the  Colliers  of 
Harlech,  who  themselves  had  assumed  the 
latter  name  in  place  of  the  Welsh  patro- 
nymic, "ab  Alo."  See  Dwnn,  Her. 
Visit.,  ii.,  220] 1457 

EDWARD  IV. 

Roger    Kynaston,   Esq.,    of    Hordley,    Salop 

[afterwards  Sir  Roger  Kynaston,  Kt.]  .  1461 
Thomas  Croft,  Esq.  (appointed  for  life)  .  .  1464 
Sir  Roger  Kynaston,  Kt.  (reappointed  for 

life) 1473 

HENRY  VII. 

Piers  Stanley,  Esq.  [prob.  of  HarlecK\    .         .  ) 
Richard  Pole  [another  instance  of  two  sheriffs  >  1485 

appointed  for  the  same  year]     .         .         .  ) 
Piers  Stanley,  Esq.         .         .         .         .         .1515 

HENRY  VIII. 

Ellis  ap  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Clenenney  {deputy 

to  Piers  Stanley] 1517 

John  Scudamor,  sheriff  and  escheator  .  .  1520 
Humphrey  ap  Howel  ap  Jenkin  of  Ynys-y- 

Maengwyn  [deputy  to  John  Scndamor]  .  1521 
William  Brereton,  sheriff;  Hugh  Lewis, 

deputy 1528 

John  Puleston,  deputy  to  Brereton  .         .         .     1530 
William  Brereton  and  John    Puleston   ["the 
longer  liver  of  them,"  or  "  conjunctum  et 

divisum"] I533'5 

John  Puleston,  made  sheriff  "  for  life "  .  .  1536 
John  Puleston  ;  Lewis  ap  Owen,  deputy  [see 

Lewis  ap  Owen  of  Dolgell,y\      .         .          1537-38 
Ellis  ap  Maurice,   Esq.,  of  Clenenney,  Cam. 
[he  was  owner  of  property  in  Beddgelert, 
Llanfrothen,  &c.,  co.  of  Mer.]  .         .      1541 

[From  this  time,  with  the  single  exception 
of  the  year   of   "Restoration,"  i.e.,  the 
coming  of  Charles  II.  to  the  throne,  the 
office  was  not  held  for  more  than  one  year.] 
Jenkin  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caethle  .         .         .      1542 
John  Powys,  Esq.,  of  Vaner  ....     1543 
Robert  Salesbury,  Esq.,  of  Rhug  [see  Salus- 

burv,  &>c.,  of  Jth&g]  ....  1544 
Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  of  Harlech  [of  the 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


691 


A.D. 

Stanleys  of  Hooton,  Cheshire,  son  of  Peers 
Stanley  of  Ewloe,  Flint ;  Gov.  of  Harlech 
Castle.  See  also  Ann.  1485] .  .  .  1545 
Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Dolgelley  [Vice-chamb. 
of  N.  Wales,  and  Baron  of  the  Exchequer 
of  Cam.  See  Lewis  Owen  of  Dolgelley  ; 
Dinas  Mawddwy,  &c.  ]  ....  1546 

EDWARD  VI. 

Richard    Mylton,    Esq.,    Lord    of    Mawddwy 

[see  Atytton  of  Dinas  Mawddwy]      .         .  1547 

Rice  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Corsygedol         .         .  1548 

Robert  Salesbury,  Esq.,  of  Rhug  .  .  .  1549 
leuan  ap  David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ceiswyn.  [See 

Lloyd  of  Plas  yn  Ngheiswyn}  .  .  .  1550 
John  ap  Hugh  ap  Evan,  Esq.,  of  Mathafarn, 

Mont. 1551 

Ellis  Price,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  of  Plas  lolyn.  Denb.  1552 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  of  Harlech  .         .         .  1553 

MARY. 

Edward  Mytton,  Esq.,  Lord  of  Mawddwy  .  1554 
Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Dolgelley  [same  as  for 

1546.  His  murder  took  place  this  year.]  1555 
Ellis  Price,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  of  Plas  lolyn,  Denb. 

See  Ellis  Price  of  Plas  lolyn.'}  .  .  1556 

Rice  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Corsygedol  .  .  1557 

leuah  ap  David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ceiswyn  .  1551 

ELIZABETH. 

John  Salesbury,  Esq.,  of  Rhug        .         .         .  1559 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.,  of  Harlech          .         .  1560 

Hugh  Puleston,  Esq.  [of  the  Emral  stock]       .  1561 

leuan  ap  David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ceiswyn         .  1562 

Griffith  Glynne,  Esq.  [of  Pwllheli  ?]        .         .  1563 

Ellis  Price,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  of  Plas  lolyn,  Denb.  1564 

Ellis  ap  William  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog  .  1565 
John  Lewis  Owen,   Esq.,  of  Dolgelley  [after- 
wards of  Llwyn,  near  that  town ;  son  of 

"Baron  Owen"] 1566 

Griffith  Glynne,  Esq.  [of  Pwllheli  ;  Sheriff  of 

co.  Cam.  1564] 1567 

Ellis  Price,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  of  Plas  lolyn  .         .  1568 

Piers  Salesbury,  Esq 1569 

Owen  Wynne,  Esq 1570 

John   Yerwerth,   Esq.  [supp.  to  be  of  Prysg. 

See  Edwards  of  Prysg\     ....  1571 

John  Gwynne  ap  Ellis,  Esq 1572 

John  Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Dolgelley  (same 

as  for  1566) 1573 

Ellis  Price,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  of  Plas  lolyn           .  1574 
Rowland   Pughe,   Esq.,  the  elder,   of  Matha- 

farn,  Mont.      ......  1575 

Evan  Lloyd  David  ap  John,  Esq.,  of  Nant- 

mynach  [see  Lloyd  of  Nant-myiiack]    .         .  1576 

John  Wynne  ap  Cadwalader,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas  1577 

John  Salesbury,  Esq.,  of  Rhug        .         .         .  1578 

Ellis  Price,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  of  Plas  lolyn  .         .  1579 


A.D. 

John  Pryse,  Esq.,  of  Gogerthan,  Card.    .         .  1580 

Evan  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Yale,  Denb.  .         .  1581 

Rees  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-pandy     .         .  1582 

Richard  ap  Hugh  ap  Evan,  Esq.     .         .         .  1583 

Ellis  Price,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  of  Plas  loyln  .         .  1584 

Piers  Salesbury,  Esq.     .....  1585 

John  Wynn  ap  Cadwalader,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas.  1586 

Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  the  elder,  of  Nannau  .  1587 

Griffith  Vaughan,  Esq.,  oftorsygedol  .  .  1588 
John  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Gwydir,  Cam.  [owner 

of  property  in  the  hundred  of  Ardudwy. 

See  Wynn  of  Gwydir}  .  .  .  .  1 589 
John  Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn  .  .  1590 
William  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Clenenney  [after- 
wards Sir  William]  ....  1591 
Griffith  Wynne  Esq.,  of  Berth  ddu,  Cam.  .  1592 
Cadwaladr  ap  Rhys,  Esq.  [Maesmawr?]  .  1593 
John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Glanllyn  [see  Vaughan 

of  Llanuwchllyri}  .....  1594 

Morris  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Festiniog  .  .  .  1595 
Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwgdch  [see  Lloyd 

of  Rhiwgoch} 1596 

John  Conwy,  Esq.  [of  Bodrhyddan  ?]      .         .  1597 

Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn  .         .         .  1598 

Matthew  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Dolguog,  Mont.    .  1599 

Piers  Salesbury,  Esq.     .....  1600 

John  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Gwydir  [cr.  a  baronet 

1611,  d.  1626] !6oi 

Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwg6ch  [same  as 

for  1596] 1602 

JAMES  I. 

Griffith  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Corsygedol    .         .  1603 

Thomas  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Pant-glas,  Cam.  .  1604 

Thomas Needham,  Esq.  [SeeSAer.  Denb.  1617].  1605 

Sir  William  Maurice,  Kt.,  of  Clenenney         .  1606 

Sir  James  Pryse,  Kt.,  of  Ynys-y-Maengwyn   .  1607 

Ednyfed  Griffith,  Esq.,  of  Gwydd-gwion          .  1608 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas  ....  1609 

Matthew  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Dolguog,  Mont.  .  1610 
William  Lewis  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Park  [see 

Anwyl  ofLlugwy] 1611 

Sir  John  Wynn,  Knt ,  the  younger,  of  Gwydir  1612 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Vaynol,  Flint.         .         .  1613 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caergai     .         .         .  1614 

Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwgdch  .  .  .  1615 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog  [see  Lloyd  of 

Rhiwaedog}      .         .         .         .         ,  ,  1616 

Lewis  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of  Dolau-gwyn         .         .  1617 

William  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Glyn        .         .         .  1618 

Humphrey  Hughes.  Esq.,  of  Gwerclas  .         .  1619 

Sir  James  Pryse,  Kt.,  of  Ynys-y-Maengwyn    .  1620 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caergai     .         .         .  1621 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caethl6     .         .         .  1622 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  ofNantfreyr  .         .  1623 

William  Lewis  Anwyl,  Esq ,  of  Park      .         .  1624 

CHARLES  I. 

Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwgoch  .         .  1625 

William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Corsygedol  .  1626 


692 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


A.D. 

Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Nannau    .         .         .      1627 
Peerce,  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Dol  .         .    -     .         .      1628 
William  Oxwicke,  Esq.,  of  Coventry.     [In  the 
Gwiliedydd  list  he  is  called  ' '  Oxwiste  of 
Cefn-yr-Onen."     Was  he  the  same  with 
William    Foxwtst,    the   republican    M.P. 
for   Carnarvon,    1640,    and  for    Swansea 
1658-92?     See    William  Foxwist,  M.P., 
under  co.  Glamorgan,  p.  610].         .         .      1629 
Henry  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Taltreuddyn         .         .      1630 
Rowland  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Mathafarn,  Mont.     .     1631 
John  Owen,    Esq.,   of  Clenenney  [afterwards 

knighted] 1632 

Edmund  Meyritk,  Esq.,  of  Garthlwyd   .         .      1633 
Lewis  Nanney,   Esq.,   of  Maes-y-pandy.  [See 

Nanney  of  Maes-y-pandy\         .         .         .     I 634 
Evan    Evans,     Esq.,    of    Tanybwlch.       [See 

Griffith  of  Tanybwlch}     .          .          .          .1635 
Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol,  died} 
John  Lloyd,   Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog,  served  re-  >  1636 

mainder  of  year       .         .         .         .         .  ) 
William  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Glyn       .         .         .1637 
Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Nannau     .         .         .     1638 
Griffith  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-neuadd  .         .      1639 
Thomas  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  the  co.  of  Salop     .     1640 
Lewis  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Cemmaes,  died    .         .  \ 
Griffith  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Dolaugwyn,   served  >  1641 

remainder  of  year    .         .         .         .          .  ) 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog   .         .         .      1642 
Rowland  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caergai      .         .      1643 
John  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Celli-Iorwerth    .         .      1644 
William  Owen,  Esq.  [of  Brogyntyn,  Constable 
of  Harlech  Castle.     "Noe  sessions  kept 
this  yeare  ;  he  held  out  his  castle  for  ye 
king  for  halfe  a  yeare  siedge. " — Old  list 
of  Sheriffs  at  Porkington,  ending  1673]    .      1645 
No  sheriff  appointed       .....     1646 
Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth       .         .         .      1647 
Owen    Salesbury,    Esq.,   of  Rhug.      [He  was 
"made  by  the  Parliament.     Noe  sessions 
kept   this   yeare." — Old  List,   quoted  by 
Mr.  Wynne] 1648 

THE  COMMONWEALTH. 

Maurice  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Nanmor.    ["  In  the 
beginning  of  his  time,  upon  the  3oth  of 
Jan.,    1648,   was  our  soueraigne  lord    ye 
king  beheaded,  and  a  new  patent  seal  to 
all  sheriffes,  and  monarchy  altered  to  the 
state  government." — It.] ....     1649 
Robert  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Park          .         .         .      1650 
Maurice  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Crogen     .         .         .     1651 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-pandy         .         .     1652 
Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog.         .         .     1653 


Robert  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Sylfaen 
Howel  Vaughan,  Esq. ,  of  Glanllyn 


A.n. 

1657 
1658 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Maurice  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Pengwern,  Festiniog.  1654 
John  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Llanfendigaid  .  .  1655 
William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caethle  .  .  1656 


RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Richard  Anwyl,  Esq.     ["The  youngest  son  of 

William  Lewis  Anwyl,   Esq." — Old  List]  1659 

CHARLES  II.— "THE  RESTORATION." 

Richard  Anwyl,  Esq.  (the  same)     .         .         .  1660 

Humphrey  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Gwerclas  .         .  1661 

William  Salesbury,  Esq.,  of  Rhug           .         .  1662 

Roger  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  D61-y-corslwyn          .  1663 

John  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-mine  .         .         .  1664 

Maurice  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Nanmor        .         .  1665 

Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog  .         .         .  1666 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-pandy         .         .  1667 

Richard  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Branas      .         .         .  1668 

Robert  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Glyn        .         .         .  1669 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.         .....  1670 

Maurice  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Llandanwg       .          .  1671 
Howel   Vaughan,    Esq.,   of    Vaner  \Cymmer 

Abbey — of  the  Nannau  house]            .         .  1672 

Nathaniel  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Hendwr          .         .  1673 

Owen  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Glyn           .         .         .  1674 
Hugh  Tudor,  Esq.,  of  Egryn  [son  of  William 
ap  Tudyr,  of  the  tribe  of  Marchudd  ap 
Cynan,  m.  Gwen,  dau.  of  Richard  Vaughan 

of  Cors-y-gedol] 1675 

Sir  John  Wynn,  Bart,  [of  Gwydir  and  Rhiw- 
goch.     Henry  Wynn  m.  Jane,  dau.  and  h., 

of  the  latter  place.  See  Lloyd  of ' Rhiwgocli}.  1676 

Griffith  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol          .  1677 

John  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Llanfendigaid      .          .  1678 

Robert  Wynne,  Esq.,  ot  Maes-y-neuadd          .  1679 

Richard  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-deuddwr         .  1680 

Edmund  Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Ucheklre      .         .  1681 

William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caergai        .         .  1682 

Vincent  Corbet,  Esq  ,  of  Ynys-y-maengwyn   .  1683 

Anthony  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Hendre         .         .  1684 

JAMES  II. 

Lewis  Lewis,  Esq.,  ofPenmnen      .         .         .  1685 
Richard  Poole,  Esq.,  of  Caenest    .         .         .  1686 
Richard  Mytton,    Esq.,   of  Dinas  Mawddwy. 
[See  B  rough  and  My  lion  of  Dinas  Mawd- 
dwy}          1687 

Sir  Robert  Owen,  Kt.,  of  Glyn        .         .         .  1688 

WILLIAM  AND  MARY. 

Charles  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Gwerclas         .         .  1689 

John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Uwchlaw'rcoed       .         .  1690 

John  Grosvenor,  Esq.  ;  died,  and  was  succ.  by  > 

Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Nannau     .         .         .  \  ' 

Thomas  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Llynlloedd,  Mont.     .  1692 

Owen  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Pengwern  .         .         .  1693 

William  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Dolfeiniog       .         .  1694 

Richard  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth     .         .         .  1695 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Aberllefeni    .         .         .  1696 

Howel  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Vaner  [Cymmcr]    .  1697 


HIGH   SHERIFFS   OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


693 


A.D. 

Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol  .  1698 

William  Lewis  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Park     .  .  1699 

Evan  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-mine  .         .  .  17°° 

John  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Llanfendigaid      .  .  l/°' 

ANNE. 

Edward  Holland,  Esq.,  of  Pentre  .         .  .1702 

David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Hendwr       .         .  .  I7°3 

Morris  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Havod-garegog  .  1704 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhwiwaedog          .  .  1705 

Sir  William  Williams,  Bart,  of  Llanvorda  .  1706 

Sir  Griffith  Williams,  of  Marie        .         .  .1707 

John  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Garthmeilio         .  .  1708 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caergai     .         .  .  I7°9 

Roger  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas        .         .  .  1710 

Thomas  Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Berth-hvyd    .  .  1711 

Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Cae'rberllan          .  .  1712 

William  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Glyn        .         .  .  1713 

GEORGE  I. 

William  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-neuadd  .  1714 

Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth       .         .  .  1715 

John  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Cyffty  ....  1716 

Richard  Weaver,  Esq.,  of  Corwen          .  .  1717 

Griffith  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Taltreuddyn      .  .  1718 

Ellis  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Nant-bydyr    .         .  .  1719 

Hugh  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Gwerclas  .         .  .  1720 

Richard  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Dinas  Mawddwy  .  1721 

Thomas  Price,  Esq.,  of  Glyn          .         .  .1722 

David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Bodnant      .         .  .  1723 

Owen  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Hendwr       .         .  .  1724 

Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Dolglessyn          .  .  1725 

Athelstan  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog     .  .  1726 

GEORGE  II. 

William  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Taltreuddyn,  .  .  1727 
John  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-pandy  .  .  1728 
Griffith  Roberts,  Esq.,  of  Blaen-y-dd61  .  ,1729 
Ffoulk  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cilau  .  .  .  1730 
William  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas  .  .  .1731 
Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Gwerclas  .  .  .  1732 
Hugh  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Hendre  .  .  .  1733 
Robert  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-neuadd .  .  1734 
Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt  [the  An- 
tiquary]    1735 

John  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Dinas  Mawddwy  .  1736 

Robert  Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Ucheldre        .  .  1737 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog   .         .  .  1738 

Richard  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Dolfeiniog       .  .  1739 

Thomas  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhug         .         .  .  1740 

Robert  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-mine        .  .  1741 

Robert  Griffith,  Esq.,  of  Tan-y-bwlch    .  .  1742 

Maurice  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Ddol         .         .  .  1743 

William  Lewis  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Bod-talog  .  1744 

Edward  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth       .  .  1745 

Robert  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Goppa        .         .  .  1746 

Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Gwerclas     .         .  .  1747 

Owen  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Pengwem,  Festiniog.  1748 

Owen  Holland,  Esq.,  of  Pentre-mawr    .  .  1749 


A.D. 
William  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Park,  and  Wern, 

Cam  ........  1750 

Maysmore  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Rhagatt  .  .  1751 
Hugh  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt  .  .  I752 
Robert  Price,  Esq.,  of  Cae-c3ch  .  .  .  1753 
John  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  Clegyr  .  .  .  1754 
William  Humphreys,  Esq.,  of  Maerdy  .  .  1755 
Richard  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Caethle  .  .  .1756 
Peter  Price,  Esq.,  of  Dol-garnedd  .  .  .  1757 
William  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-neuadd  . 
Humphrey  Edwards,  Esq.  ,  of  Talgarth  .  . 

GEORGE  III. 

Robert  Vaughan  Humphreys,   Esq.,   of  Caer- 

ynwch     ....... 

Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Cae'rberllan  .         . 

Robert  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-mine  .  . 
John  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Dinas  Mawddwy  . 

William  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwaedog  .  . 
John  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Garthmaelan  .  . 

Edward  Vaughan  Pugh,  Esq.  ,  of  Ty-gwyn  . 
Thomas  Kyffin,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-yr-odyn  .  . 
Robert  Godolphe  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Glyn  .  . 
Rice  James,  Esq.,  of  Dol-y-gelynen  .  . 
Evan  Griffith,  Esq.  ,  of  Plas  Tan-y-bwlch  . 
Richard  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Goppa  .  .  . 
William  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth  and  Park  . 
Lewis  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth.  [See 

Price  of  Esgair-weddan]  .  .  .  . 
Thomas  Powel,  Esq.,  ofBron-biban  .  . 
Lewis  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn  .  .  . 
William  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth-uchaf  . 
John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Dol-melynllyn  .  . 
Richard  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas  .  .  . 
Henry  Arthur  Corbet,  Esq.,  of  Ynys-y- 

maengwyn       ...... 

Thomas  Roberts,  Esq.,  ofTan-y-gaer     .         . 
Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Maes-mawr,  Corwen 
William  Humphreys,  Esq.,  of  Maer-dy  .         . 
Robert  Evan,  Esq.,  ofBodweni,  Bala     .         . 
Robert  Howel  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Hafod  Owen 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Cyff-dy  .... 

Griffith  Price,  Esq.,  of  Braich-y-Ceunant.  [See 

Price  of  Cors-y-garnedd~\  .          .          . 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Rhyd-y-fen     .         .         . 
Griffith  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-yr-afon       .         . 
Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Pale  .         .         . 

John  Wynne  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Garth-maelan  . 
Griffith  Roberts,  Esq.,  of  Bodunlliw  .  . 
Edward  Corbet,  Esq.,  of  Yriys-y-maengwyn  . 
William  John  Lenthall,  Esq.,  of  Uchel-drd  . 
Owen  Ormsby,  Esq.,  of  Glyn.  [See  Ormsby- 

Gore  of  Glyn,  &c.]  ..... 
Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cefn  Coed  .  . 

Sir  Edward  Pryce  Lloyd,   Bart.,  of  Park,  ap- 

pointed,  but  in  his  place  —  / 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cwmheision,  appeared  f 

in  the  Gazette,  igth  March       .         .         .  ) 
Bell   Lloyd,    Esq.,    of    Tyddyn   Llan.      [See 

Mostyn  of  Mostyn]  .         .         .         . 
2  Z 


1759 


1760 
1761 
1762 
1763 
1764 
1765 
1  766 
1767 
1768 
1769 
1770 
1771 
1772 

1  773 
1774 
1775 
1776 

1777 

1778 

1779 
1780 
1781 
1782 
1783 
1784 
1785 

1  786 
1787 
1788 
1789 
1790 
1791 
1792 
.1793 

1794 

1795 

, 


1797 


694 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


A.D. 
1798 


1799 
I800 

1801 
1802 
1803 


1805 


Robert  Watkin  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-mine    . 
Sir  Thomas   Mostyn,  Bart.,  of  Cors-y-gedol. 

[See  Vaughan  of  Cors-y-gedol] . 
Buckley  Hatchett,  Esq.,  of  Ty'ny-pwll   . 
J.  Passingham,  Esq.,  of  Hendwr     . 
John  Meredydd  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  Clegyr 
John  Forbes,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-bodiog 
Sir  Edward  Price  Lloyd,  Bart.,  of  Park,  and 

Pengwern,  Flint '8°4 

John  Edwards,   Esq.,  of  Penrhyn,  and  Green- 
fields, Machynlleth  .... 

Hugh  Jones,  the  elder,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt-uchaf,  | 

was  excused,  and —  f  1806 

Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Ynys-faig,  appointed' 
R.    H.     Kenrick,    Esq.,    of    Ucheldre.     [See 
Meyrick  of  Uchddre\         .... 

Pryce  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth  . 
William  Davis,  Esq.,  of  Ty-uchaf  . 
John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Aberllefeni  . 
Hugh  Reveley,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-y-gwin 
William  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth  . 
Thomas  Edwards,  Esq. ,  of  Ty-issaf 
William  Gryffydd  Oakeley,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Tan- 
y-bwlch  ...... 

Lewis  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Penmaen-Dyfi 
]ohn  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Fron-heulog 
Sir  John  Evans,  Kt.,  of  Hendre-forfydd 
John  Ed  wards,  Esq.,  of  Coed-y-bedw 
Edward  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Garth-yngharad 


1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 

1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 


GEORGE  IV. 

Thomas  Fitzhngh,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-heision          .  1820 

John  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Dinas  Mawddwy           .  1821 

James  Gill,  Esq.,  of  Pant-glas          .         .         .  1822 

John  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Meyerth  [W.,  Buarth?]  1823 

Athelstan  Corbet,   Esq.,  of  Ynys-y-maengwyn  1824 

Francis  Roberts,  Esq.,  of  Gerddi-bluog  .         .  1825 

William  Casson,  Esq.,  of  Cynfel      .         .         .  1826 

Thomas  Hartley,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn    .         .         .  1827 

Thomas  Casson,  Esq.,  of  Blaen-y-ddol    .         .  1828 

William  John  Bankes,  Esq.,  of  D61-y-moch     .  1829 

WILLIAM  IV. 

Jones  Ponton,  Esq.,  ofLlwyn-Gwem      .         .  1830 

Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-bodiog          .         .  1831 

William  Turner,  Esq.,  ofCroesor  .         .         .  1832 
George  Jonathan    Scott,    Esq.,   of    Peniarth- 

uchaf 1833 

Charles  Gray  Harford,  Esq. ,  of  Bryntirion       .  1834 


A.D. 

John  Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Dolgim       .         .      1835 
John  Ellerker  Boulcott,   Esq.,   of  Hendreissaf     1836 

VICTORIA. 

Sir  Robert  Williams  Vaughan,  Bart.,  ofNannau     1837 
John  Manners  Kerr,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Issaf  .         .1838 
The  Hon.  Edward  Lloyd  Mostyn,  of  Plas-hen     1839 
George  Price  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Plas-yn-dre        .      1840 
John  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Bron  Eryri         .         .     1841 
The  Hon.  Thomas  Price  Lloyd,  of  Mochras    .     1842 
Owen  Jones   Ellis   Nanney,    Esq.,    of    Cefn- 

ddeudwr  ......     1843 

David  White  Griffith,  Esq.,  of  Sugyn  .  .  1844 
Richard  Watkin  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas  .  1845 
Sir  Robert  Williames  Vaughan,  Bart.,  of  Nannau  1846 
John  Griffith  Griffith,  Esq.,ofTaltreuddyn-fawr  1847 
Hugh  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Gwernddelwa  [Hengwrt- 

ucha 1848 

Robert  Davies  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Aberllefeni       .     1849 
Edward  Humphrey  Griffith,  Esq.,  of  Gwastad- 

fryn         ....-.•     1850 

Henry  Richardson,  Esq.,  of  Aberhirnant         .     1851 
George  Casson,  Esq. ,  of  Blaen-y-ddol      .         .     1852 
Thomas  Arthur  Bertie  Mostyn,  Esq.,  of  Cilau     1853 
George  Augustus  Huddart,  Esq.,  of  Plas-yn- 

Penrhyn  ......     1854 

Charles  John  Tottenham,  Esq. ,  of  Plas-Berwyn, 

Llangollen 1855 

John  Priestley,  Esq.,  of  Hafod-garegog  .  .  1856 
John  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Maesyneuadd  .  .  1857 
Edmund  Buckley,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Dinas  .  .  1858 
Hugh  John  Reveley,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-y-gwin  .  1859 
David  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Deudraeth  Castle j 

[appointed  23rd  Jan.]       .         .         .         .  f  ig6() 
Charles  Frederick  Thruston,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth  f 
Hall  [appointed  22nd  Feb.]     .         .         .  ' 
David  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Deudraeth  Castle     .     1861 
Samuel  Holland,  Esq.,  of  Plas-yn- Penrhyn      .     1862 
Howel  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt-uchaf          .     1863 
Lewis  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Vronwnion       .         .     1864 
Richard  Meredyth  Richards,  Esq. ,  of  Caerynwch    1865 
John  Corbet,  Esq.,  of  Ynys-y-maengwyn         .      1866 
William   Watkin   Edward   Wynne,    Esq.,    of 

Peniarth 1867 

Richard  John  Lloyd  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas  .  1868 
Henry  Robertson,  Esq.,  of  Crogen  .  .  .  1869 
Clement  Arthur  Thruston,  Esq.,  of  Pennal 

Tower :         .     1870 

Charles  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Dolserau  .  .  1871 
Edward  Foster  Coulson,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol  1872 


SECTION  VII.— LORD  LIEUTENANTS  AND  CUSTODES  ROTULORUM  OF 

MERIONETHSHIRE. 

The  functions  of  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  a  county  have  been  noticed  at  p.  612.  The 
Custos  Rfltiilorum  (Keeper  of  the  Rolls)  has  charge  of  the  county  records, — those  being  the 
most  important  which  pertain  to  the  administration  of  justice.  Not  unfrequently  the  two 


LORD  LIEUTENANTS  AND  CUSTODES  ROTULORUM.  695 

offices  are  held  by  one  and  the  same  person.  Up  to  the  year  1689  the  functions  afterwards 
performed  by  the  lieutenants  of  counties  generally  belonged  to  the  "  Lord  President "  of  the 
Court  of  the  Marchers,  or  "  Lord  President  of  Wales  "  as  otherwise  termed. 

The  following  list  has  been  drawn  from  the  Docket  Books  at  the  Crown  Office,  West- 
minster, and  collated  with  a  shorter  list  made  by  W.  W.  E.  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth 
(see  Arch&ol.  Cambr.,  1846): — 

Lord  Lieutenants,  &c.  Date  of  Appointment. 

Eure,  Ralph  Eure  (or  Evre),  Baron,  of  Wilton,  Durham,  appointed  the  King's  Lieutenant 

in  the  Principality  of  Wales igth  July,  1607. 

Compton,  William  Compton,  Baron  (cr.  Earl  of  Northampton  1618)       ....  24th  Nov.,  1617. 

Bridgwater,  John  Egerton,  Earl  of  (cr.  1617),  appointed  Lord  President  of  Wales           .  I2th  May,  1633. 

Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  Philip  Herbert,  Earl  of,  nominated  by  the  House  of  Com- 
mons Lord  Lieutenant  of  Wilts,  Merioneth,  and  Carnarvon  .....  nth  Feb.,  1642. 

Strange,  James  Stanley,  Lord,  afterwards  7th  Earl  of  Derby,  part  of  one  year  only          .  1642. 

[Ncte. — The  Parliament  now  disputed  the  right  of  the  king  {Charles  I.)  to  appoint  lieutenants,  and  no  further  appointment  was 
made  till  Charles  II. assumed  power  in  1660.] 

Carbery,  Richard  Vaughan,  Earl  of,  appointed  Lord  Lieutenant  for  cos.  Anglesey,  Car- 
narvon, Denbigh,  Flint,  Montgomery,  and  Merioneth  [had  already  been  appointed 
for  the  cos.  of  South  Wales.  Seep.  108]  ........  22nd  Sept.,  1660. 

Carbery,  Richard  Vaughan,  Earl  of,  reappointed igth  July,  1662. 

Owen,  Sir  John,  Kt.,  appointed  Gustos  Rotulorum  of  Merioneth    .....  1663. 

Owen,  William,  Esq.,  appointed  Gustos  Rotulorum  of  Merioneth    .....  1666. 

Wynn,  John,  Esq.,  Gustos  Rotulomm     ..........  1675. 

Beaufort,   Henry  Somerset,  1st  Duke  of,  appointed  Lord  President  of  North  and  South 

Wales 28th  March,  1685. 

Powis,  William  Herbert,  Marquess  of  (cr.  Viscount  Montgomery  and  Marquess  of  Powis 

1687),  appointed  Custos  Rotulorum  for  Merioneth    .......       141)1  April,  1688 

Macclesfield,  Charles  Gerard,  Earl  of,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  cos.   of  North  and  South 

Wales.     (See  p.  108) 22nd  March,  1689. 

Williams,  Sir  William,  Kt.  and  Bart.,  one  of  his  Majesty's  learned  Counsel,  Custos  Rotu- 
lorum for  co.  Merioneth 8th  Oct.,  1689. 

Wynn,  Sir  John,  Kt.  and  Bart.,  Custos  Rotulorum  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth     .         .         .      igth  March,  1690. 

Macctesfield,  Charles  Gerard,  Earl  of,  reappointed  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  cos.  of  Mont- 
gomery, Denbigh,  Flint,  Carnarvon,  Merioneth,  and  Anglesey,  their  several 
boroughs,  &c. loth  March,  1695. 

Derby,  William  Stanley,  Earl  of,  Lieutenant  of  the  cos.  of  North  Wales  last  named,  and 

of  the  co.  of  Lancaster.     (He  d.  before  the  end  of  the  year)     .         .     '    .         .         .         l8th  Jan.,  1702. 

Cholmondeley,  Hugh,  Lord,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  North  Wales  in  the  room  of  the  Earl 

of  Derby,  dec. 2nd  Dec.,  1702. 

Wynn,  Sir  John,  Bart,  of  Rhiw-goch  and  Wattstay,    Custos  Rotulorum  for  the  co.   of 

Merioneth        ...............  I7°7- 

Vaughan,  Edward,  Esq.,  Custos  Rotulorum  for  same      .......  7th  Jan.,  1710. 

Cholmondeley,  Hugh,  Earl  of,  reappointed  Lord  Lieutenant  of  North  Wales  .         .         2ist  Oct.,  1714. 

Owen,  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth,  Custos  Rotulorum  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  .         .         .        ioth  Dec.,  1722. 

Cholmondeley,   George,   2nd  Earl  of,    succ.   his  brother  as   Lord  Lieutenant  of  North 

Wales  and  Cheshire          ............         7th  April,  1725. 

Cholmondeley,  George,  3rd  Earl  of,  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Custos   Rotulorum  of  North 

Wales,  in  place  of  his  father,  dec.      ..........        I4th  June,  1733. 

Vaughan,  William,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol,  Cust.  Rot.  and  M.P.,  app.  Lord  Lieutenant 
for  co.  Merioneth,  with  a  revocation  of  a  former  commission  to  George,  Earl  of 
Cholmondeley,  as  respects  the  co.  of  Merioneth 26th  April,  1762. 

Wynn,  Sir  Watkin  Williams,  Bart.,  of  Wynnstay,  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Custos" Rot.  for 

the  co.  of  Merioneth       ............  '775. 

Williams,    Watkin,    Esq.,   of   Penbedw,   Dent,,    Lord   Lieutenant   (3lst   August)   and 

Custos  Rot.  (4th  Sept  )  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth     .......  I7&9- 

Wynn,  Sir  Watkin  Williams,  4th  Bart.,  of  Wynnstay,  Lord  Lieutenant  (loth  June)  and 

Custos  Rot.  (28th  Nov.)  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth '793- 


696  MERIONETHSHIRE. 

Wynn,  Sir  Watkin  Williams,  5th  Bart.,  of  Wynnstay,  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Gustos  Rot. 

of  cos.  Merioneth  and  Denbigh 29th  Dec.,  1830. 

Mostyn,  Hon.  Edward  Mostyn  Lloyd  (now  Lord  Mostyn),  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Merioneth 

(still  holding  the  office) 2£th  June,  1840. 


SECTION  VIII.— PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE, 

A.D.   1542 — 1872. 

Merioneth  being  one  of  the  early  counties,  formed  by  Edward  I.  (A.D.  1283)  immediately 
upon  his  conquest  of  Wales,  it  probably  enjoyed  some  kind  of  parliamentary  representation 
before  the  Act  of  Union  of  Henry  VIII.  conceded  that  right  to  all  the  counties  of  the 
Principality  without  distinction.  Representatives  are  known  to  have  been  summoned  from 
Wales  in  the  fifteenth  of  Edward  II.  In  the  twentieth  year  of  the  same  king,  twenty-four 
representatives  were  summoned  from  North  Wales.  And  these  delegates  appear  to  have 
been  of  a  station  more  nearly  allied  to  the  people  than  the  great  barons  who  had  the  right 
to  attend  the  king's  council.  The  Act  of  the  fifteenth  Edward  II.  (A.U.  1321)  ordains 
"  that  for  ever  thereafter  the  matters  to  be  established  for  the  estate  of  the  king,  and  for 
the  estate  of  the  realm  and  of  the  people,  should  be  treated,  accorded,  and  established  in 
Parliament  by  the  king,  and  with  the  assent  of  the  prelates,  earls,  and  barons,  and  the  com- 
monalty of  the  realm,  according  as  had  been  before  the  custom"  This  seems  to  be  the  earliest 
statute  extant  which  plainly  recognises  popular  representation  on  a  basis  much  wider  than 
that  conceded  by  the  charter  of  King  John. 

The  Commons  had  properly  no  existence  in  England  before  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 
In  Wales  there  was  an  established  code  of  laws  in  each  princedom  ;  but  their  administra- 
tion lay  greatly  in  the  hands  of  the  prince,  whose  power  was  in  all  ages  checked  by 
assemblies  of  the  people.  Nothing  coming  up  to  the  idea  of  a  parliament,  however,  and 
no  electoral  franchise,  existed.  In  England,  the  Plantaganet  Parliament,  reflecting  still 
earlier  times,  was  a  council  of  prelates  more  than  of  lay  barons.  In  most  summonses 
during  the  reigns  of  Henry  IV.,  V.,  and  VI.,  the  "spiritual  lords"  (bishops  and  abbots) 
were  nearly  double  the  number  of  the  temporal  lords,  in  consequence  of  the  absence  of  the 
latter  in  actual  service,  in  war,  or  from  other  causes ;  but  sometimes  their  numbers  were 
nearly  equal. 

The  Act  27th Henry  VIII.,  sect.  29,  enacted  that  "one  knight  should  be  chosen  and 
elected  for  every  of  the  shires  of  Brecknock,  Radnor,  Montgomery,  and  Denbigh — the 
newly  constituted  counties, — and  for  every  other  shire  within  the  said  country  or  dominion 
of  Wales ;  and  for  every  borough  being  a  shire  town  within  the  said  county  except  the  shire 
town  of  the  county  of  Merioneth,  one  burgess ;  and  the  election  to  be  in  like  manner,  form, 
and  order,  as  knights  and  burgesses  be  elected  and  chosen  in  other  snires  of  this  realm." 

The  qualification  for  county  and  borough  voters  alike  between  Edward  I.  and  Henry  VI. 
was  the  holding  of  a  house.  By  the  ist  of  Henry  V.,  both  members  and  electors  were  to  be 
resident  within  the  shire  or  borough  at  the  date  of  the  writ  of  summons.  By  the  8th  of 
Henry  VI.,  the  county  franchise  was  limited  to  those  who  held  lands  or  tenements  of  the 
yearly  value  of  forty  shillings  at  the  least,  within  the  county  concerned — a  qualification 
which  continued  to  very  recent  times. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


697 


A.D. 
HENRY  VIII. 

Edward  Stanley,  Esq.  [see  Sheriffs,  1545]        .     1524 
EDWARD  VI. 

Lewis  Owen,  Esq.  ["  Baron  Owen,"  see  Owen 

of  Dolgelley\ 1547 

Lewis  Owen,  Esq.  (the  same)         .         .         .     I5S2 

MARY. 

John  Salesbury,  Esq.  [of  Rhug,  Sheriff  1559]  1553 
Lewis  Owen,  Esq.  (same  as  for  1 547,  session 

April  22— May  5) 1554 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 

Lewis  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Dolgelley  (the  same)  .  1554 

[No  name  preserved  in  the  records]          .  .  1555 

Elizeus  [Ellis?]  Price,  Esq.  [of  Rhiwlas?]  .  1557 

ELIZABETH. 

Ellis  Price,  Esq 1558 

Ellis  Price,  Esq.  (the  same)  ....  1563 
Hugh  Owen,  Esq.  [of  Cae'rberllan,  son  of 

"Baron  Owen"] 1571 

John  Lewis  Owen  Esq.  [brother  of  last] .  .  I572 
Cadwalader  Price,  Esq.  ["Cad.  ap  Rhys"  of 

Rhiwlas] 1585 

Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.  [of  Rhiwgoch]  .  .  1586 

Robert  Salesbury,  Esq.  [of  Rhug]  .  .  .1588 
Gruffydd  Nanney,  Esq.  [son  of  Hugh,  of 

Nannau] 1592 

Thomas  Middleton,  Esq 1597 

Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.  [of  RhiwgSch]  .  .  1601 

JAMES  I. 

Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  [of  Dolguog  ?]  .  .1603 
Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.  [of  Rhiwg6ch]  .  .  1614 

William  Salesbury,  Esq.  ....  1620 
Henry  Wynn,  Esq.  [prob.  of  Rhiwgoch]  .  1623 

CHARLES  I. 

Henry  Wynn,  Esq.  (the  same)         .         .         .      1625 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  [of  Llwydiarth  ?]          .     1628 
Henry  Wynn,  Esq.      .         .         .1st  session  ^ 
William  Price,  Esq.,  succ.  by —  >  1640 

John  Jones      ....         2nd  session) 

THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 

Six  members  summoned  for  all  Wales  after 
Cromwell  had  dismissed  the  "  Long  Par- 
liament" ......  1653 

The  "  Little  Parliament "        ....     1653 

OLIVER  CROMWELL,   LORD  PROTECTOR. 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.  [of  Cefnbodiog]       .         .     1654 
Col.  John  Jones  [prob.  of  Maes-y-garnedd,  one 
of  the  signataries  of  the  death-warrant  of 
Charles  I.] 1656 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 
Lewis  Owen,  Esq. 1658-9 


A.D. 
CHARLES  II.— THE  RESTORATION. 

Henry  Wynne,  Esq.  [of  the  Gwydir  family?]     1660 
[Writ  issued  to  elect  a  Knight  of  the  Shire  in 
the  place  of  Henry  Wynne,  Esq.,  deceased 
(Docket  Book,  1672),  but  who  was  elected 
has  not  been  discovered]  .         .         .     1672 

WILLIAM  AND  MARY. 

[Prob.  Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  of  Nannau]  .  1689 
Hugh  Nanney,  Esq. ,  of  Nannau  .  .  .1 7°° 
[Writ  to  elect  a  Knight  of  the  Shire  in  room 

of  Hugh  Nanney,  Esq.,  dec.— Docket  Bk.\     1701 

ANNE. 

Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.  (?)     .  .         .      1702 

Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.  ....      1707 

GEORGE  I. 
Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same)          .         .      1715 

GEORGE  II. 

Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same)  .         .      1727 

William  Vaughan,  Esq.  [of  Cors-y-gedol]  .  1734 
William  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same)  .  1747-64 

GEORGE  III. 

William  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same)  .  .  1760-8 
John  Pugh  Pryse,  Esq.  [of  Gogerddan]  .  1768-74 
Evan  Lloyd  Vaughan,  Esq.  [of  Cors-y-gedol] .  1774 
Evan  Lloyd  Vaughan,  Esq.  [the  same ;  d.  1 792] ; 

the  last  male  representative  of  the  Vaughans 

of  Cors-y-gedol  .....  1790-2 
Robert  Williams  Vaughan,  Esq.  [afterwards 

Bart.,  of  Hengwrt]  ;  1792 

Sir  Robert  Williams  Vaughan,  Bart,  [of 

Hengwrt;  represented  the  co.  till  1836]  .     1796 

GEORGE  IV. 

Sir  Robert  Williams  Vaughan,  Bart,  (the  same)     1820 
WILLIAM  IV. 

Sir  Robert  Williams  Vaughan,  Bart,  (the  same)  1830-6 
Richard   Richards,    Esq.  [of  Caerynwch,  vice 
Vaughan      resigned.        Seat    contested  ; 
voted  for  Richards  5Ol;forSirW.  Williams 
Wynn  150] 1856 

VICTORIA. 

Richard  Richards,  Esq.  [the  same,  and  con- 
tinuously till  the  general  election  of 
1852] 1837-52 

William  Watkin  Edward  Wynne,  Esq.,  of 

Peniarth  ......  1852 

The  same,  and  continuously  till  1865,  when  he 

resigned '857-65 

William  Robert  Maurice  Wynne,  Esq.  [of 

Peniarth  ;  eldest  son  of  the  last  member]  1865 

David  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Deudraeth  Castle   .      1868 

Samuel  Holland,  Esq.,  of  Glanwilliam  [vice 

Williams,  </«-.]  ......  1870 


6aS 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


SECTION  IX.— COUNTY  MAGISTRATES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE,  1872. 


Mostyn,   Right  Hon.   Lord,   of  Mostyn   Hall,   Lord 

Lieutenant. 
Ansell,  Charles,  Esq. 
Buckley,    Sir  Edmund,   Bart.,  M.P.,   of  Plas  Dinas 

Mawddwy. 

Bunbury,  Henry  W.  St.  Pierre,  Esq.,  of  Abergwynant. 
Casson,  John,  Esq. 
Casson,  William,  Esq. 
Corbet,    Athelstane  John   Soden,   Esq.,   of  Ynys-y- 

Maengwyn. 

Davies,  Edward  Morris,  Esq. 
Davies,  Frederick,  Esq. 
Davis,  David,  Esq. 
Davis,  Lewis,  Esq. 
Edwards,  Charles,  Esq.,  of  Dolserau. 
Ellis,  John  Williams  (Clerk),  of  Glas-fryn,  Cam. 
Ford,  John  Ranate  Minshull,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn-givern. 
Foulkes,  John,  Esq.,  of  Aberdyfi. 
Greaves,  John  Whitehead,  Esq.,  of  Plas-weunydd. 
Green,  Thomas,  Esq. 

Holland,  Samuel,  Esq.,  M.P.,  of  Glan-william. 
Huddart,  George  A. ,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-kir. 
Jones,  Charles,  Esq.,  of  Coes-faen. 
Jones,  John  (Clerk),  of  Barmouth. 
Jones,  John,  Esq.,  of  Fron-dderw. 
Jones,  John,  Esq.,  of  Ynys-fawr. 
Jones,  John,  Esq.,  of  Ynysgain. 
Jones,  William,  Esq  ,  of  Glandwr. 
Jones,  William  Pryse,  Esq.,  of  Bodweni. 
Kettle,  Rupert,  Esq.,  of  Towyn. 
Lloyd,  John,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Issaf,  Corwen. 
Lloyd,  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-gellgwm. 
Mathew,  Edward  Windus,  Esq.,  of  Wern,  Cam. 
Morgan,  Howel,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt-uchaf. 
Nanney,  Hugh  Ellis,  Esq. ,  of  Gwynfryn. 


Oakeley,  William  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Tanybwlch. 

Parry,  John  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Glyn-Hall. 

Parry,  Robert  Sorton,  Esq.,  of  Aberia. 

Price,  Richard  J.  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas. 

Pryse,  Robert  Davies,  Esq. 

Pugh,  William  T.,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-amberth. 

Pughe,  John,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-awel,  Aberdyfi. 

Reveley,  Hugh  John,  Esq. ,  of  Bryn-y-gwin. 

Richards,  Owen,  Esq. ,  of  Bala. 

Richards,  Richard  Meredyth,  Esq.,   of  Caerynwch, 

Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions. 
Richardson,  Henry  Thomas,  Esq. 
Roberts,  Hugh  Beaver,  Esq. 
Robertson,  Henry,  Esq. ,  of  Crogep. 
Taylor,  Robert  Ma>cie,  Esq. 

Thruston,  Charges  Frederick,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth  Hall. 
Thruston,  Clerr.ent  Arthur,  Esq.,  of  Pennal  Tower. 
Tottenham,  Charles  John,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Berwyn. 
Tottenham,  Charles  Robert  Worsley,  Esq. 
Vane,  Right  Hon.  the  Earl,  Plas  Machynlleth. 
Vaughan,  John,  Esq.,  of  Nannau. 
Whalley,   George   Hammond,   Esq.,  M.P.,   of  Plas 

Madoc,  Denb. 

Williams,  Abram  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Gellewig,  Cam. 
Williams,  ArthurOsmond,  Esq.,  of  Deudraeth  Castle. 
Williams,  David  (Clerk),  Trawsfynydd. 
Williams,  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vron-wnion. 
Wingfield,  Richard  Robert,  Esq. 
Wynn,  John  (Clerk),  of  Llandrillo. 
Wynn,    Sir  Watkin  Williams,  Bart.,   of  Wynnstay, 

Denb. 

Wynn,  The  Hon.  Charles  Henry,  of  Rhiig. 
Wynne,  William  Robert  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth. 
Wynne,  William  Watkin  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth. 
Yale,  William  Corbet,  Esq.,  of  Plas  yn  Yale. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


ANWYL,  Kobert  Charles,  Esq.,  of  Llugwy, 
Merionethshire., 

Fourth  but  only  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Evan  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Llugwy,  by  his  wife, 
Jemima  Morgan  (see  Lineage);  b.  i2th 
July,  1849;  ed.  at  Shrewsbury  School, 
and  is  pursuing  his  studies  for  the  law  in 
London;  succ.  on  the  demise  of  his  father, 
1872;  has  six  sisters  living.  (See  Lineage!) 

Residence:  Llugwy,  near  Machynlleth. 

Arms:  I.  Vert,  three  eagles  displayed  in  fesse 
or — OWAIN  GWYNEDD, — a  fleur-de-lis  or  for 
difference  6th  son. 

2.  Sa.,    a  chevron  between  three  fleurs-de-lis 
arg. — COLLWYN  AP  TANGNO. 

3.  Vert,  a  chevron  between  3  wolves'  heads 
erased  arg. — RHIRID  FLAIDD. 

4.  Per  pale  az.  and  gu.,  3  lions  rampant  arg. 
— HERBERT  OF  CEMMAES. 

5.  Arg.,  an  eagle  displayed  with  2  necks  sa. — 
MEURIG  LLWYD  OF  LLWYN  Y  MAEN. 

6.  Arg.,  a  lion  passant  sa.  between  3  fleurs- 
de-lis  gu. — EINION  AP  SEISSYLLT. 

Crest :  An  eajfte  displayed  or. 
Motto:  Eryr   eryrod    Eryri,    "The   eagle   of 
the  eagles  of  Snowdon." 


LINEAGE. 

The  ancient  family  of  Anwyl  have  resided  at 
Llugwy  from  the  time  when  Maurice  Anwyl  (circa 
1695)  m.  Joan,  the  heiress  of  that  place,  but  pre- 
viously for  many  ages  at  Park,  in  the  parish  of  Llan- 
frothen,  in  the  same  co.  of  Merioneth.  There  Lftuys 
Dwnn,  Deputy  Herald,  found  them,  in  i6n, 
when  pursuing  his  Heraldic  Visitation  of  Wales ; 
and  there  they  had  then  been  seated  for  several 
generations.  Their  lineage  is  from  Owain  Gwy- 
nedd, the  illustrious  Prince  of  North  Wales 
(I2th  cent.),  son  of  Prince  Gruffydd  ap  Cynan,  of 
the  direct  line  (through  the  eldest  son,  Anarawd) 
of  Rhodri  Mawr,  King,  first  of  N.  Wales,  then 
of  all  Wales  (gth  cent.).  The  grandson  of  Owain 
Gwynedd, — 

Thomas  (ap  Rhodri  ap  Owain),  Lord  of  Rhiw- 
llwyd,  m,  Agnes,  dau.  of  Einion  ap  Seissyllt, 
Lord  of  Mathafarn,  widow  of  Owain  Brogyntyn, 
Lord  of  Edeirnion  (see  Arms,  6).  His  descend- 
ants, Lords  of  Rhiwllwyd,  were  successively 
Cardog,  Gruffydd,  Dafydd,  and — 

Howel,  who  m.  Efa,  dau.  of  Ifan  ap  Howel  ap 
Meredydd  of  Ystumcegid,  of  the  line  of  Collwyn 
ap  Tangtw,  founder  of  the  fourth  noble  tribe  of 
N.  Wales  (see  p.  337).  The  son  of  Howel,— 

Meredydd  of  Ystumcegid,  living  26th  Edward 
III.  (1352),  m.  Morfydd,  dau.  of  leuan  ap  Dafydd 
ap  Trahaern  Goch  of  Graianog,  in  Lleyn,  and  left 
two  sons— the  younger  Robert,  of  Cesail-gyfarch, 


whose  grandson  Meredydd  purchased  and  settled 
at  GwyJir,  the  ancestor  of  the  Wynns  of  Gwydir 
and  Wynnstay,  the  Lord  Willoughby  D'Eresby, 
&c.  (see  p.  313,  and  Wynn  of  Gwydir);  the 
elder,— 

leuan,  or  Ifan,  of  Ystumcegid,  m.  Lucy,  dau.  of 
Hywel  Sele,  Lord  of  Nannau,  and  had  a  son, — 

Meredydd,  of  Ystumcegid,  esquire  of  the  body 
to  John  of  Gaunt  (see  Arms,  3),  who  m.  Ang- 
harad,  dau.  and  h.  of  Einion  ap  Ithel  of  Rhi- 
waedog,  Mer.  His  son  John,  frequently  mentioned 
in  Sir  John  Wynn's  Hist,  of  the  Gwydir  Family, 
living  and  signing  a  deed  A.  D.  1484,  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  eldest  son, — 

Maurice,  or  Morys,  of  Clenenney  (see  p.  343). 
and  Rhiwaedog,  who  m.  Angharad,  dau.  of  Ellis 
ap  Gruffydd  ap  Einion.  By  a  deed  dated  1 8th 
August,  1511,  he  conveys  "  Plas  Clenenney  to 
feoffees,  for  himself  for  life,  with  remainder  to  his 
son  Ellis  (note  to  Duinn,  ii.,  70).  His  eldest  son, 
William  Llwyd,  was  of  Rhiwaedog  (which  see); 
and  his  3rd  son, — 

Robert  ap  Morys,  was  of  Pare  (Park),  Llan- 
frothen,  near  Penrhyn-deudraeth,  Mer.  By  his 
wife  Lowry,  dau.  of  Lewis  ap  Ifan  ap  Dafydd,  he 
left  a  large  family,  but  the  eldest  and  the  only  one 
of  whose  issue  we  have  account  was — 

Lewis,  surnamed  Anwyl,  of  Pare,  the  first  of 
the  long  line  of  Anwyls  (1602).  John,  2nd  son  of 
Robert  ap  Morys,  assumed  the  surname  Roberts 
(Robert's,  sc.  "son"  =  ap  Robert),  and  resided  at 
Vaner  (Cymmer  Abbey),  Dolgelley.  Lewis 
Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Pare,  m.  twice,  his  first  wife,  by 
whom  alone  he  had  issue,  being  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
Morys  ap  Ifan  ap  Sion  of  Brynkir,  Carn.,  who 
was  also  of  the  race  of  O>vain  Gwynedd.  He  was 
s.  by  his  only  son,  — 

William  Lewis  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Pare,  Sheriff  of 
Merioneth  1611,  1624,  who  m.  Elizabeth,  dau. 
and  co-h.  of  Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cemmaes, 
in  Cyfeiliog,  grandson  of  Sir  Richard  Herbert,  Kt. 
(see  Herbert  of  Montgomery,  &c.),  whose  arms  are 
the  arms  of  the  Earls  of  Powis,— "  Per  pale  az. 
and  gu.,  3  lions  ramp,  arg."  By  her  he  left  a 
numerous  offspring  of  8  sons  and  4  daus.  Cathe- 
rine m.  William  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Glyn,  Sheriff  of 
Mer.  1618,  1637,  d.  1658,  whose  present  direct 
male  representative  is  W.  W.  E.  Wynne,  Esq.,' 
of  Peniarth.  The  eldest  son, — 

Lewis  Anwyl  (d.  1638),  m.  Frances,  dau.  of  Sir 
William  Jones  of  Castellmarch,  Carn.  (see  p.  342), 
and  had  issue  an  only  dau.,  who  m.  William 
Owen,  Esq.,  of  Clenenney;  Robert,  2nd  son, 
Sheriff  of  Mer.  1650  (d.  1653),  inherited  Pare,  and 
by  his  wife,  Catherine,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Owen  of 
Clenenney  (see  p.  343),  had  two  sons,  Richard  of 
Pare,  who  d,  s.  p. ,  and  Owen  of  I'enrhyn  deudraeth, 
who  had  no  issue  male,  and  whose  only  dau., 
Catherine,  m.  Sir  Griffith  Williams,  Bart.,  of 
Marie  (see  under  Williams-Bulkelcy,  p.  364), 
whose  dau.  Anne,  heiress  of  Pare,  and  wife  of 
Sir  Thomas  Prendergast,  sold  that  place  in  1748 
to  W.  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Wern.  (Comp.  up  to 


7oo 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


this  point  Divnrfs  Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.,  70.) 
William  Lewis  Anwyl's  6th  son  was — 

Evan  Anwyl,  Esq.,  who  m.  Catherine,  dau.  of 
Morys  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Hafod-garegog  [hence- 
forth the  lineage  is  derived  from  the  College  of 
Anns,  and  from  registers],  and  left  a  son,  — 

Maurice  Anwyl,  Esq.,  who  m.  Joan,  the  heiress 
oi  Llugwy,  and  settled  at  that  place.  (See  Arms, 
6.)  He  had  a  son,  Evan  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Llugwy 
(d.  1721),  who  had  also  a  son,  Maurice  Anwyl  of 
Llugwy,  and  he  a  son  and  h. ,  Evan  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of 
Llugwy,  who  m.  and  had  issue,  who  all  d.  s.  p. ; 
and  a  2nd  son, — 

Maurice  Anwyl,   of  Llugwy,    Clerk,    B.A.    of 

Oxford,  who  m.  Anne,  dau.  of  Lloyd,  Esq., 

of  Shrewsbury,  and  had  issue — I.  Maurice,  d.  s.  p.  ; 
2.  Robert,  d.  s.  p. ;  3.  Evan,  of  whom  hereafter  ; 
4.  Elizabeth ;  5.  Catherine ;  6.  Charles ;  7. 
Anne,  who  all  d.  s.  p. 

Evan  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Llugwy  (d.  Jan.  18, 
1872),  m.  Jemima,  dau.  of  William  Morgan,  Esq., 
of  Brynllys,  co.  of  Montgomery,  and  had  issue, 
besides,  I,  Maurice  ;  2,  Evan ;  3,  William,  who 
all  d.  s.  p.,  a.  fourth  son, — 

ROBERT  CHARLES  ANWYL,  now  of  Llugwy 
(as  above),  and  five  daughters, — 

I.  Anne ;  2.  Jemima  ;  3.  Elizabeth  Louisa  ;  4. 
Catherine  Winifred  ;  5.  Maria  Florence. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Lhtgwy,  pleasantly  situated 
on  the  banks  of  the  Dovey  (Dyfi),  is  very  ancient,  but 
of  date  unknown.  The  older  abode  of  the  Anwyls, 
Pare,  near  Penrhyn-deudraeth,  although  long  neg- 
lected, has  not  altogether  disappeared.  It  is  ap- 
proached by  a  drive  of  more  than  a  mile  in  length. 
In  front  of  the  site  of  the  house  are  four  terraces,  150 
feet  long  by  50  wide,  supported  by  walls  12  feet  high. 
The  part  of  the  house  still  standing,  built  in  1671,  is 
said  to  have  been  the  ball-room.  On  the  gable  are 
curious  large  round  chimneys.  On  either  side  of  the 
front  door  are  pieces  of  beautifully  carved  stone, 
formerly  gilded,  from  the  chimney-piece  in  the  dining- 
hall ;  and  one  sees  here  and  there,  sometimes  even  in 
the  walls  of  the  present  sheepfolds,  mullions  from 
the  windows  in  freestone.  At  the  back  of  the  old 
mansion  there  are  the  ruins  of  a  stone  bath  with  seats 
round  it  and  steps  to  descend.  The  "gate-house" 
(lodge)  is  still  standing,  but  much  dilapidated.  Pare 
is  now  the  property  of  H.  J.  Reveley,  Esq.,  of  Bryny- 
gwin. 

BKEESB,  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Dolfriog,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

(See  Breese  of  Morfo,  Lodge,  Carnarvon- 
shire.) 


BUCKLEY,  Sir  Edmund,  Bart.,  of  Plas  Dinas 
Mawddwy,  Merionethshire. 

Baronetcy  cr.  1868.     J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for 

the  co.  of  Merioneth;  M.P.  for  Newcastle- 
under-Lyme  since  1865  ;  Lord  of  the 
Manor  of  Hoylandswaine,  Yorkshire  ;  b, 
1834;  m.,  1860,  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of 
William  Rees,  Esq.,  of  Tonn,  Llandovery, 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Brecon  (see  Rees  of 
Tonn) ;  assumed  in  1864  by  royal  licence 
the  name  and  arms  of  Buckley  for  himself 


and  his  issue ;  succ.  to  the  estates  of 
Gratton  Hall,  Yorkshire,  and  Ardwick, 
Lancashire,  on  the  death  of  Edmund 
Buckley,  Esq.,  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, and  to  the  estate  and  lordship  of 
Dinas  Mawddwy  during  the  lifetime  of 
the  latter,  who  in  1856  had  purchased  it 
from  the  Mytton  family,  in  whose  posses- 
sion it  had  been  since  the  time  of  King 
John ;  has  had  issue  two  sons  and  one 
dau. : — 

1.  Edmund,  b.  1861. 

2.  William,  b.  1863. 

3.  Sarah,  b.  1864. 

Heir :  Edmund  Buckley. 

Residences:  Plas  Dinas  Mawddwy, 
Mer. ;  Grotton  Hall,  Yorkshire. 

Town  Address  :  Carlton  Club. 

Arms  :  Sa.,  a  chevron  indented  arg. 
between  three  escutcheons  of  the  second, 
each  bearing  a  bull's  head  caboshed  of 
the  field ;  a  bordure  wavy  or. 

Crest:  On  a  wreath  out  of  a  fern 
brake  ppr.,  a  bull's  head  sa.,  the  whole 
debruised  by  a  bendlet  sinister  or. 

Motto :  Nee  temere  nee  timide. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Buckleys  were  long  settled  and 
possessed  lands  in  the  district  of  Saddle- 
worth,  Yorkshire.  For  Lady  Buckley's 
descent  see  under  Rees  of  Tonn,  Carmar- 
thenshire. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Plas  Dinas  Mau<- 
ddwy  is  of  quite  recent  erection,  its  precincts 
and  grounds  being  scarcely  yet  (1872)  com- 
pleted. The  sumptuous  character  of  this 
Plas  among  the  mountains  may  be  judged 
of  from  the  three  engravings  on  pp.  655-7, 
where  an  account  is  also  given  of  the  ancient 
lordship  of  Mawddwy. 


BUNBUBY,  Col.  Henry  William  St.  Pierre,  of 
Aber-gwynant,  Merionethshire. 

Colonel,  retired  from  the  army;  C.B. ; 
served  in  India  as  Aide-de-camp  to  Sir 
Charles  Napier,  1850,  and  in  the  Crimean 
War,  at  Inkermann  and  siege  of  Sebastopol; 
made  a  C.B.  1855  ;  received  the  Crimean 
Medal  and  Order  of  the  Medjidie  ;  is  a 
Knight  of  the  Legion  of  Honour  ;  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  Merioneth  ;  son  of  Lieut- 
General  Sir  Henry  Edward  Bunbury,  Bart., 
K.C.B.,  some  years  M.P.  for  Suffolk,  by 
his  first  wife,  Louisa  Emilia,  daughter  of 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF   MERIONETHSHIRE. 


701 


General  the  Honourable  Henry  E.  Fox, 
and  brother  of  the  present  Sir  Charles 
James  Fox  Bunbury,  Bart.,  of  Barton  Hall, 
Suffolk  ;  b.  at  Brompton,  2nd  September, 
1812;  ed.  at  home;  m.,  301)1  Nov.,  1852, 
to  Cecilia  Caroline,  daughter  of  General 
Sir  George  Napier,  K.C.B. ;  and  has  issue 
3  sons  and  i  daughter;  s.  1863. 

Heir:  Henry  C.  J.  Bunbury. 

Residence :  Abergvvynant,  near  Dolgelley. 

Arms  :  Arg.,  on  a  bend  sa.  three  chess  rooks 
of  the  field. 

Crest:  Two  swords  saltierwise  through  the 
mouth  of  a  leopard's  face  or,  the  blades  ppr., 
hiked  and  pommelled  or. 

Motto :  Firmum  in  vit&  nihil. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Bunburys,  Baronets,  of  Barton  Hall,  Suffolk, 
and  earlier  of  Cheshire,  of  which  Col.  Bunbury  is 
a  younger  branch,  are  of  Norman  origin,  their  first 
founder  in  England  being  a  Sf.  Pitrre,  a  follower 
of  Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester,  a  nephew  of  William 
the  Conqueror.  The  Bunburys  were  seated  at 
Stanney  Hall,  Cheshire,  till  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century.  Sir  Thomas  Bunbury,  the  first 
Baronet,  received  that  dignity  in  1681.  Sir  Charles, 
now  living,  is  8th  Baronet. 


COEBET,  Athelstan  John  Soden,  Esq.,  of  Ynys- 
y-maengwyn,  Merionethshire. 

Son  of  the  late  John  Soden,  Esq.,  by  his  wife 
Henrietta,  dau.  of  Charles  Decimus  Wil- 
liames,  Esq.,  of  Berth-ddu,  Mont.,  and  Anne 
Maurice,  of  Lloran,  Denb.  (maternally 
descended  from  the  Corbels),  who,  under 
the  will  of  Mrs.  Owen,  of  Rhiwsaeson  (of 
the  ancient  line  of  Corbet  of  Ynys-y-maen- 
gwyn),  assumed  the  surname  Corbet  in 
order  that  their  issue  might  inherit  the 
Ynys-y-maengwyn  estate  (see  Lineage); 
b.  1 849 ;  s.  on  the  death  of  his  mother, 
1868  ;  is  unm. 

Residence:  Ynys-y-maengwyn,  Towyn,  Mer. 

LINEAGE. 

The  ancient  line  of  Wynn  of  Ynys-y-maengwyn, 
according  to  Dwnn  (Herald.  Visit,  of  Wales),  ter- 
minated in  two  daus.,  co-heiresses,  Elizabeth  and 
Catherine.  The  former  (d.  1642)  m.  Sir  James 
Pryse,  Kt.  (Sheriff  of  Merioneth  1608),  son  of  Sir 
John  Pryse,  of  Gogerddan,  Card.,  and  had  issue 
one  dau.  only,  Bridget  Pryse,  heiress  to  Ynys-y- 
maengwyn,  who  took  for  her  first  husband — 

Robert  Corbet,  Esq.,  3rd  son  of  Sir  Vincent 
Corbet,  Kt.,  of  Morton  Corbet,  Salop,  and  had 

.  issue.     (She  m.,    zndly,  Walter  Lloyd,   Esq.,  of 

'  Lknfair-clydogau. ) 

For  several  generations  the  Ynys-y-maengwyn 
estates  continued  in  the  Corbets,  descendants  of 
the  above  Bridget  Pryse,  until  the  Corbets  ended 
in  a  sole  heiress,  Anne  Corbet  (dau.  of  Vincent 


Corbet),  who  m.  Athelstan  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Rhiw- 
saeson, Mont.  Mrs.  Owen  d.  1760,  at.  seventy-six, 
having  created  an  entail,  settling  Ynys-y-maengwyn 
upon  the  descendants  of  her  youngest  dau.  (her 
two  sons  having  died  s.  p. ),  Anne,  wife  of  Pryse 
Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Lloran,  Denb.,  on  condition  of 
their  assuming  the  name  of  Corbet. 

Under  this  entail  the  estates  were  eventually 
vested  in  the  late  Athelstan  Corbet,  Esq.  (previously 
Maurice),  who  d.  1835,  and  were  subsequently  held 
in  trust  for  the  benefit  of  his  niece,  eldest  child  of 
his  sister  Anne  by  her  mar.  with  Charles  Decimus 
Williames,  Esq.  (See  Note  on  Dwnn,  ii.,  231.) 
That  niece  was  Henrietta  Soden  (above  named), 
and  her  issue  was — 

ATHELSTAN  JOHN  SODEN,  now  of  Ynys-y- 
maengwyn  (as  above). 

COTJLSOtf,  Edward  Foster,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol, 
Merionethshire,  and  Bellaport  Hall, 
Salop. 

J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Merioneth  and  Salop  ; 
Sheriff  for  the  former  co.  1872  ;  Lord  of 
the  manor  of  Norton  in  Hales,  Salop ;  was 
formerly  Captain  East  York  Militia  ;  son 
of  George  Coulson,  Esq.,  of  Cottingham 
Castle,  co.  of  York,  by  Jane,  daughter  of 
Hugh  Ker,  Esq.,  of  Newfield,  co.  Ayr, 
N.B.;  m.,  1853,  his  maternal  cousin,  Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  Thomas  Colville,  Esq., 
and  eldest  daughter  of  Robert  Kerr,  Esq., 
Captain  33rd  Regiment,  of  Annfield,  co. 
Stirling,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Hugh 
Ker,  Esq.,  of  Newfield,  co.  Ayr;  s.,  1866, 
his  maternal  uncle,  Rev.  Hugh  Ker,  who 
by  royal  licence  had  assumed  the  name  of 
Cokburne. 

Heir  presumptive :  Hugh  Ker  Colville, 
b.  1847. 

Residences  :  Cors-y-gedol,  Dyffryn, 
Merioneth ;  Bellaport  Hall,  Market 
Drayton,  Salop. 

Town  Address  ;  Union  Club,  Trafalgar 
Square. 

Arms:  Arg.,  an  anchor  in  pale  between 
two  dolphins  haurient,  all  ppr. 

Crest:  A  dolphin  embowed  ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

Mr.  Coulson  is  paternally  descended 
from  Robert  de  Colston,  of  Colston  Hall, 
co.  Lincoln,  a  family  of  consequence  at 
the  time  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  and 
maternally  from  the  Kers  of  Kersland,  an 
ancient  branch  of  the  noble  house  of 
Fernihirst.  He  bears  the  Coulston  arms 
(as  above),  as  do  also  the  Colstons  of 
Roundway  Park,  Wilts. 

Note. — There  is  an  ancient  British  fortress 
a  short  distance   from  Cors-y-gedol,  several 


702 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


cromlechs  (see  Pre-historic  Antiquities,  ante), 
and,  on  the  sea-shore,  some  curious  "  kitchen- 
middens." 

Cors-y gedol  is  of  considerable  interest  to 
the  lovers  of  history  and  antiquity.  It  had 
long  been  a  residence  of  note  when,  between 
1240  and  1243,  the  heiress  of  Cors-y-gedol, 
being  a  royal  ward,  was  bestowed  by  Llewel- 
lyn the  Great  on  Osborn  Fitzgerald,  called 
by  the  Welsh  heralds  Osborn  Wyddd,  son  of 
John  Fitz  Thomas  Fitz  Gerald  de  Windsor, 
of  the  line  of  the  Earl  of  Desmond — a  sub- 
sequent creation.  (See  further  the  pedigree 
of  Wynne  of  Peniarth.)  In  1401  the  owner 
of  Cors-y-gedol  married  Lawra,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Tudor  Vaughan,  own  brother 
to  Owen  Glyndwr,  who,it  is  said,  was  frequently 
concealed  at  Cors-y-gedol.  In  1483  Jasper 
Tudor,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  left  Cors-y-gedol 
to  bring  from  France  his  nephew,  Henry, 
Earl  of  Richmond,  afterwards  Henry  VII. 
It  is  said — with  what  truth  it  is  hard  to  deter- 
mine— that  Charles  II.  was  at  Cors-y-gedol 
during  his  wanderings,  and  slept  in  the  state 
bed  still  preserved  there.  The  date  1575  is 
over  the  chimney  in  the  hall  of  the  present 
house,  which  is  thought,  however,  to  be  of 
rather  earlier  date ;  it  was  probably  built  in 
the  time  of  Henry  VIII. 

The  gate-house  is  after  a  design  by  Inigo 
Jones — a  kinsman  of  the  Vaughans.  The 
modern  additions  to  the  house  were  made 
by  the  late  Hugh  Ker  Cokburne,  already 
mentioned,  who  also  placed  there  the  fine 
collection  of  paintings  of  the  Italian,  Span- 
ish, Flemish,  English,  and  French  schools, 
and  the  rare  ancient  and  modern  china 
collections  which  give  to  Cors-y-gedol  an 
artistic  interest  unrivalled  in  Wales. 


EDWARDS,  Charles,  Esq.,  of  Dolserau  Hall, 
Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  counties  of  Merio- 
neth and  Cardigan ;  High  Sheriff  for 
Merioneth  1871 ;  was  M.P.  for  the  borough 
of  New  Windsor  from  1865  to  1868  ;  son 
of  the  late  Edward  Edwards,  Esq.,  of 
Dolserau  ;  b.  in  London ;  ed.  at  Chatham 
House,  Ramsgate;  m.  Mary  Elizabeth, 
only  child  and  heiress  of  the  late  William 
Tate,  Esq.,  of  Frognel  House,  Hampstead, 
and  Kilbruchs,  Peeblesshire,  N.B. ;  succ. 
to  Dolserau  estate  in  1858  ;  has  issue  three 
sons  and  three  daughters. 

Heir :  Charles  Edward  Munro.  „ 
Residences  :    Dolserau    Hall,  near  Dolgelley  ; 
Bodtalog,  near  Towyn. 


Tmvn  Address  :  57,  Great  Cumberland  Place, 
Hyde  Park. 

Crest :  A  lion  rampant  within  a  twisted  rope. 
Motto:  Fidelis. 


LINEAGE. 

This 'family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Edwards 
of  Ness  Strange  in  the  county  of  Salop  (of  the  line 
of  Einion  Efdl,  Lord  of  Cynllaeth,  in  Powys,  I2th 
cent.),  who  intermarried  into  the  family  of  "Baron 
Owen,"  of  Dolgelley  (see  Lewis  Owen  of  Dolgelley). 
The  third  son  of  this  marriage,  Robert  Owen,  re- 
sided at  Dolserau  in  the  year  1510.  It  is  regretted 
that  a  full  genealogy  of  this  ancient  family  has  not 
been  supplied.  See  some  further  notice  under 
Price  of  Cors-y-garnedd. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Dolserau  was  rebuilt  by  the 
present  owner  in  1864,  and  the  old  house  was  pulled 
down  in  1865.  The  situation  is  sheltered  and  pleasant, 
in  the  vale  of  the  Wnion,  above  Dolgelley,  over  which 
river  a  picturesque  bridge  leads  from  the  high-road  to 
the  entrance  gates.  To  the  north  are  the  heights  of 
Nannau,  and  to  the  south  those  of  Caerynwch. 


ELLIS,  Rey.  John  Williams,  of  Brondanw, 
Merionethshire. 

(See  further  Rev.  John    Williams  Ellis  of 
Glas-fryn,  Carnarvonshire?) 

Note. — Brondanw  (not  Brond<?rw,  see  p. 
353),  Llanfrothen,  Mer.,  long  possessed  by 
the  family  of  Williams,  was  inherited  by  the 
present  owner  under  the  will  of  the  late 
Miss  Williams,  whose  surname  he  then 
assumed  in  addition  to  his  own  of  Ellis. 
The  Williamses  intermarried,  temp.  Charles  I., 
with  the  Madryns  of  Madryn,  co.  Cam.,  the 
Vaughans  of  Aberhin,  co.  Mer.,  now  repre- 
sented by  the  Wynnes  of  Peniarth.  Mr. 
Williams  of  Brondauw  was  the  first  to  move 
for  the  embanking  of  the  Traeth-mawr  Estu- 
ary, Portmadoc  (since  carried  out  on  an  'ex- 
tensive scale  by  the  late  Mr.  Madocks), 
and  failing  to  secure  further  co-operation, 
actually  embanked  his  own  lands. 

Motto:  Gweithred  a  ddengys:  "The 
deed  supplies  the  proof." 


FAE.RE,  Arthur,  Esq.,  of  Bolfriog,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

M.D.  Cantab.  Caius  Coll.;  Fell.  Roy. 
Coll.  Phys. ;  F.R.S. ;  Fell.  Roy.  Med. 
Chir.  Soc.  ;  Fell.,  and  formerly  President 
Roy.  Micros.  Soc. ;  Memb.  Council  King's 
Coll.,  Lond. ;  Examiner  in  Midwifery  Roy. 
Coll.  Surg.  ;  Consulting  Physician  King's 
Coll.  Hospital;  Phys. -Accoucheur  to 
H.R.H.  the  Princess  of  Wales ;  H.R.H. 
Princess  Louis  of  Hesse,  1863;  H.R.H. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


703 


Princess  Christian  of  Schleswig  Holstein 
1868;  H.R.H.  Princess  Mary  Adelaide, 
Duchess  of  Teck ;  late  Professor  of  Obstetric 
Med.,  King's  Coll ,  Lond.,  and  Physician- 
Accoucheur  and  Phys.-Diseases  of  Wo- 
men and  Children,  King's  Coll.  Hospital  ; 
formerly  Lecturer  on  Comp.  Anat.  and 
Forensic  Med.,  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital; 
Examiner  in  Midwifery  Roy.  Coll.  Phys. 
1861-4;  Councillor  1857-9;  Censor 
1861-5  >  Harveian  Orator  1872  ;  author 
of  contrib.  to  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  and  Royal 
Microscopical  Society;  article  "Uterus," 
Cyclopaedia  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology; 
son  of  John  Richard  Farre,  Esq.,  M.D.,  and 
Anne  Elizabeth  Crawley ;  ed.  at  Charter- 
house, and  Caius  Coll.,  Cambridge  ;  grad. 
M.D.  1841 ;  m.  Jessie  Bethune  Macdonald, 
dau.  of  late  Lt.-Col.  Macdonald,  C.B.,  of 
H.M.'s  ist  Reg.  of  Foot,  Royal  Scots, 
who  served  through  Peninsula,  led  forlorn 
hope  at  St.  Sebastian,  was  severely  wounded 
at  Waterloo,  created  Knight  of  St.  Anne 
of  Russia  by  Emperor  of  Russia.  Dr. 
Farre  is  a  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Meiioneth. 

Residence:  Dolfriog,  near  Portmadoc,  North 
Wales. 

Town  House :  12,  Hertford  Street,  May  Fair. 

Arms;  Gu.,  a  saltire  or  cotised  arg.  between 
four  fleurs-de-lis  of  the  second. 

Crest :  A  fleur-de-lis  as  in  the  arms. 

Motto:  Fidelis. 

Note. — This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the 
Farres  of  Gillingham.  Walter  Farre  died  April  30, 
1590.  (See  Morant's  History  of  Essex,  vol.  i.)  On 
maternal  side  Mrs.  Farre  is  descended  from  the 
old  family  of  Munros  of  Foulis. 


GORE,  John  Ralph  Ormsby-,  Esq.,  of  Glyn 
Hall,  Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  cos.  of  Carnarvon 
and  Salop;  was  M.P.  for  Carnarvonshire 
from  1837  to  1841 ;  has  been  M.P.  for 
North  Shropshire  since  1859;  is  patron  of 
one  living ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  William 
Ormsby-Gore,  Esq.,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of 
Porkington  (see  Lineage);  b.  1816;  m., 
1844,  Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  Sir  John 
Tyssen  Tyrell,  Bart,  of  Boreham  House, 
Essex,  by  Elizabeth  Anne,  dau.  of  Sir  T. 
Pilkington,  and  has  issue  a  dau., — 

Fanny  Mary  Catherine,  m.,  1863,  the 
Hon.  Lloyd  Kenyon,  eldest  son  of  Lloyd, 
3rd  Lord  Kenyon  (who  d.  1865),  and  has 
issue  a  son,  LLOYD,  b.  1864,  now  Baron 
Kenyon. 

Residences :    Porkington,    Salop  ;    Glyn    Hall, 
Meiioneth. 


Town  Address :  Junior  Carlton  Club. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  ist  and  4th,  gu.,  a  fesse 
between  three  cross  crosslets  fitchees  or — GORE  ; 
2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  a  bend  between  six  cross  crosslets 
fitchees  or — ORMSBY. 

Crests:  I.  An  heraldic  tiger  rampant  ducally 
gorged  or—  Gore ;  2.  A  dexter  armed  arm  em- 
bowed  ppr. ,  holding  in  the  hand  a  man's  leg 
armed  couped  at  the  thigh —  Ormsby. 

Motto :  In  hoc  signo  vinces. 


LINEAGE. 

The  Welsh  descent  of  this  family  is  from  the 
Wynns  of  Glyn,  in  the  co.  of  Merioneth,  and  the 
Owens  of  Clenenney,  in  the  co.  of  Carnarvon. 
The  surname  of  Wynn  began  with  Robert  Wynn, 
or  Wynne,  ap  John  ap  levan,  of  Glyn,  Talsarnau 
(probably  called  Wynn  by  reason  of  a  light  com- 
plexion), who  m.,  circa  1544,  Catherine,  dau.  of 
Ellis  ap  Maurice  (the  family  afterwards  became 
Owen),  of  Clenenney.  (Seethe  further  descent  of 
the  Wynns  of  Glyn  in  the  full  pedigree  of  Wynne 
ofPeniarth. ) 

Margaret,  eldest  dau.  and  heiress  of  Owen 
Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Glyn,  and  Sylfaen,  grandson  of 
William  Wynne  (Sheriff  of  Mer.  1637),  m.  Sir 
Robert  Owen,  Kt.,  of  Porkington,  or  Brogyntyn, 
Salop  (the  ancient  seat  of  Owen  Brogyntyn,  a  local 
name  of  great  historic  interest  recently  restored  to 
its  original  form  of  Brogyntyn  by  the  present  owner), 
and  of  Clenenney  in  Carnarvonshire.  (See  Morys 
and  Owen  of  Clenenney. ) 

Margaret,  heiress  of  these  united  families,  eldest 
dau.  of  William  Owen,  Esq.,  became  wife  of  Owen 
Ormsby,  Esq.,  of  Willow-brook,  co.  Sligo,  and  by 
him  had  an  only  dau., — 

Mary  Jane  Ormsby,  heiress  to  Porkington, 
Clenenney,  Glyn,  and  Sylfaen,  with  other  extensive 
possessions  of  her  paternal  and  maternal  ancestors. 
She  m.  in  T8i5 — 

William  (Onnsby)  Gore,  Esq.  (son  of  William 
Gore,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  co.  Leitrim),  who  assumed 
the  surname  Ormsby  before  his  own  of  Gore.  The 
eldest  son  of  this  marriage  is — 

JOHN  RALPH  ORMSBY-GORE,  now  of  Porking- 
ton, Glyn,  Clenenney,  &c.  (as' above). 


HOLLAND,  Samuel,  Esq.,  of  Glan-WiUiam, 
Merionethshire. 

M.P.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  since  7th 
January,  1870;  J.  P.  andD.  L.  for  counties 
of  Merioneth  and  Carnarvon  ;  was  High 
Sheriff  of  Merioneth  in  1862  ;  Chairman 
of  the  Board  of  Guardians,  and  Chairman 
of  two  Insurance  Societies  for  over  twenty 
years  ;  son  of  the  late  Samuel  Holland, 
merchant,  of  Liverpool,  by  Catherine,  dau. 
of  John  Menzies,  Esq.,  of  the  same  town  ; 
b.  at  Liverpool,  171)1  October,  1803;  m., 
I7th  January,  1850,  Ann,  daughter  of  late 
Josiah  Robins,  Esq.,  of  Aston,  Birming- 
ham. 

Residence:  Glan- William,  Tan-y-bwlch, 
Merioneth. 


7o4 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


Town  Address  :  Reform  Club. 

Arms :  Az.,  a  lion  rampant  arg.  within 
an  orle  of  fleurs-de-lis  or,  over  all  a 
bend  gu. 

Crest:  Out  of  a  ducal  crown  or,  a 
demi-lion  ppr.  holding  in  dexter  paw  a 
fleur-de-lis. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the 
Hollands  of  Denton,  Lancashire. 


JONES,  John,  Esq.,  of  Fron-dderw,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  ; 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of 
Cae'rpant;  b.  1807;  m.,  1831,  to  Emma, 
daughter  of  John  Gilliat,  Esq.,  of  Clap- 
ham,  Surrey ;  has  issue  four  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

Residence:  Fron-dderw,  near  Bala. 
Motto :  Gwna  gyfi awnder,  ac  nac  ofna : 
"  Be  just,  and  fear  not." 

Note. — Fron-dderw  is  beautifully  situated 
on  a  slope  above  the  town  of  Bala,  command- 
ing extensive  views  of  the  fair  country  of  the 
Vale  of  Dee,  and  of  the  Berwyn  mountains. 
Ty-gwyn^-n.  estate  belonging  to  Mr.  Jones,  is 
situated  in  the  co.  of  Denbigh. 


JONES,  John,  Esq.,  of  Ynysfawr,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  ;  son  of 
Evan  Jones,  Esq.,  by  Jane,  only  dau.  of 
Rev.  Richard  Pugh,  Rector  of  Llan  fro  then, 
Mer.  ;  b.  24th  March,  1829  ;  ed.  at  Beau- 
maris  Grammar  School ;  m.,  1866,  Lydia, 
dau.  and  co-h.  of  John  Jones,  Esq.,  of 
Oaklands,  co.  of  Denbigh ;  has  issue  i 
son  and  i  dau. 

Heir:  Evan  Bow  en,  b.  I3th  Feb., 
1869. 

Residence :  Ynysfawr,  near  Portmadoc. 

Arms:  Gu.,  three  lions  rampant  re- 
gardant or. 

Crest :  A  boar's  head  couped  ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Holt  Hall,  co. 
of  Denbigh,  and  Pentre,  co.  of  Flint,  m. 
in  1711  Mary  Lloyd  of  Downing  Uchaf, 
and  had  issue  Thomas,  afterwards  Rector 
of  Trawsfynydd,  who  m.  Jane  Williams  of 


Brondauw,  in  the  parish  of  Llanfrothen, 
co.  of  Merioneth,  and  had  John,  afterwards 
of  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  B.A.  He  m. 
Mary  Ellis,  and  had  issue — 

Evan  Jones,  who  by  his  wife,  Jane  Pugh, 
had  a  son, — 

JOHN  JONES,  now  of  Ynysfor  (as  above). 

Note. —  Ynys-fawr,^  "  the  large  Island,"  im- 
properly "  Ynysfor,"  is  situated  on  a  slight  rise 
in  the/valley  of  the  Glaslyn,  and  is  surrounded 
with  extensive  tracts  of  land  rescued  from 
the  recurring  tide  by  the  great  embankment 
of  Traeth-mawr,  already  noticed.  It  was 
just  high  enough  to  escape  the  overflow  of 
the  tide,  and  being  more  spacious  than  some 
other  "  islands  "  in  the  marsh,  acquired  pro- 
bably on  this  account  the  distinctive  name 
of  Ynys-fawr,  "  the  large  island."  The  ap- 
proaches to  Ynysfawr  give  sufficient  proof 
that  the  land  is  a  new  creation. 


JONES,  Eev.  John,  Barmouth,  Merionethshire. 

Rector  of  Llanaber  1843;  Magistrate  for 
the  co.  of  Merioneth  ;  M.A.,  Oxon  ;  son  of 
Griffith  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Bryntirion,  Dol- 
gelley  ;  £.at  Dolgelley,4th  September,  1816; 
ed.  at  Beaumaris  and  Ruthin  Schools,  and 
Jesus  College,  Oxford ;  grad.  B.A.  1839, 
M.A.  1842  ;  m.,  April  19,  1854,  Adelaide, 
dau.  of  Edmund  Abbey,  Esq.,  M.D. ;  ap- 
pointed to  the  rectory  of  Llanaber  1843  ; 
has  issue  two  sons,  Charles  Griffith  Glynne, 
and  Edmund  Osborne  Jones. 

Residence :  Glanydon,  Barmouth. 

Note.— Llanaber  Church,  a  beautiful  ex- 
ample of  Early  English  architecture,  was  re- 
stored in  1859.  Barmouth  Church  built 
1830  ;  National  Schools  built  1843. 

JONES,  William,  Esq.,  of  (Handwr,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

A  Member  of  the  Court  of  Lieutenancy  of 
the  City  of  London,  also  of  the  Corpora- 
tion, and  Deputy  of  the  ward  of  Bishops- 
gate  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Merioneth  -f  brought  up  to  the  law,  and 
practised  for  many  years  as  a  solicitor  in 
Crosby  Square,  and  Vestry  Clerk  of  the 
parish  of  St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate,  London; 
b.  at  Dolgelley.on  the  2oth  September,  1792; 
ed.  at  Shrewsbury  School ;  m.  Harriet,  the 
youngest  daughter  of  Thomas  Cartwrigth, 
Esq.,  a  member  of  the  Corporation  of 
London  and  Deputy  of  the  Ward  of  Bridge ; 
has  issue  three  sons  and  three  daughters. 


THE   COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


705 


Heir :  William  Halse  Gatty  Jones. 

Residence:  Glandwr,  Llanaber,  near 
Dolgelley,  Merionethshire. 

Town  Address:  Crosby  Square,  London. 

Crest:  On  a  rock  a  goat  passant. 

Motto:  Un  a  wasnaethav,  "One  I 
serve." 


LLOYD,  John,  Esq.,  of  Plas-issaf,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

J.  P.  for  Merionethshire ;  son  of  the  late 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.;  b.  in  London,  151)1 
December,  1797  ;  m.  i?th  June,  1828  ;  s. 
to  estates  27th  Nov.,  1821;  has  issue 
3  sons  and  3  daughters. 

Residences:  Plas-issaf, Corwen;  Hendre 
Arddwyfaen,  Denbighshire. 

Toum  Address:  50,  Brunswick  Square, 
Brighton.  Sussex. 

Arms:  Vert,  a  chevron  inter  three 
wolves'  heads  erased  argent. 

Crest:  A  wolfs  head  erased. 

Motto :  Y  blaidd  yn  y  blaen,  "  The 
wolf  in  the  van." 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from 
Rhirid  Flaidd  (see  Rhirid  Flaidd)  of  Rhi- 
waedog,  Lord  of  Penllyn,  from  whom  are 
descended  the  Lloyds  of  Rhiwaedog  and 
Ddwyfaen,  the  Myddeltons  of  Chirk  Castle, 
Gwaenynog,  &c.,  &c. 


LLOYD,  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-gellgwm,  Merio- 
nethshire. 

Barrister-at-law ;  called  by  the  Society  of 
the  Middle  Temple  1847;  J.  P.  for  the 
co.  of  Merioneth  ;  Author  of  "  The  Law 
and  Practice  of  the  County  Courts,"  a 
treatise  on  "  Prohibition,"  &c.  ;  contested 
the  Anglesey  boroughs  in  the  General 
Election  of  1868  against  the  Honourable 
W.  O.  Stanley,  but  was  unsuccessful ; 
son  of  Mr.  Morris  Lloyd  of  Cefn-gellgwm, 
in  the  parish  of  Trawsfynydd ;  b.  I4th 
July,  1822  ;  ed.  at  Edinburgh  University; 
m.,  in  August,  1848,  Mary,  the  daughter  of 
the  late  Honourable  Admiral  Elphinstone 
Fleming,  and  sister  of  the  i4th  Lord  Elphin- 
stone,—she  d.  in  March,  1859  ;  has  issue 
two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Heir :  Clement  Elphinstone  Lloyd. 
Residence  :  Cefn-gellgwm,  Merionethshire. 
Tmun  Address  :  43,  Chester  Square,  London. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Hugh 
Llwyd  of  Cynval,  in  the  parish  of  Maentwrog,  m 
the  county  of  Merioneth,  a  well-known  bard,  who 
lived  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.  (See 
"Hugh  Llwyd"  and  "Morgan  Llwyd  in 
Williams'  Celebrated  Welshmen.) 

LLOYD,  Mrs.,  of  Ehagatt,  Merionethshire. 

Gertrude  Jane  Mary  Lloyd  is  widow  of 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhagatt.  Mr.  Lloyd 
was  J.  P.  for  cos.  Merioneth  and  Denbigh  ; 
High  Sheriff  for  Denbighshire  in  1863  ; 
D.  L.  for  Merioneth  ;  son  of  Edward  Lloyd, 
Esq.,  of  Rhagatt,  and  his  wife,  Frances, 
dau.  of  John  Maddock,  Esq.,  of  Fron-iw, 
Denbighshire  ;  b.  at  Rhagatt,  1812  ;  ed.  at 
Westminster  and  Chr.  Ch.,  Oxon.,  where 
he  graduated  B.A.  in  1833  ;  d.  s.  p.  1865. 
Mrs.  Lloyd  is  dau.  of  the  late  Philip  Lake 
Godsal,  Esq.,  of  Iscoed  Park,  Flintshire, 
by  the  Hon.  Grace  Ann,  dau.  of  William, 
ist  Lord  Wynford  ;  was  m.  to  Mr.  Lloyd 
in  1847. 

Heir:  Edward  Owen  Vaughan,  son 
of  Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  and  nephew  of 
the  late  John  Lloyd,  Esq. 

Residence:  Rhagatt,  near  Corwen. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Lloyds  of  Rhagatt  trace  from  Tudor 
Trevor,  founder  of  the  tribe  of  Marches, 
and  as  such  are  entitled  to  bear— -Per  bend 
sinister  ermine  and  ermines,  a  lion  rampant 
or;  but  the  arms  have  not  been  supplied 
to  us. 

Note.— Rhagatt  is  probably  a  modification 
of  Rhagarth,  a  place,  according  to  Leland, 
situated  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Dee  m 
Yale,  and  belonging  to  Owain  Glyndwr.  It 
is  a  very  pleasant  spot  a  little  below  Corwen, 
in  the  Vale  of  the  Dee.  The  mansion  con- 
tains a  number  of  valuable  paintings,  many 
from  the  hand  of  the  late  Mr.  Lloyd  himself, 
who  was  an  accomplished  artist ;  and  a  col- 
lection of  pre-historic  remains— fossil  bones, 
flint  and  other  implements,  not  long  since 
discovered  in  the  clefts  of  the  limestone  rock 
on  the  estate,  and  carefully  preserved  and 
arranged  under  the  superintendence  of  Mrs. 
Lloyd. 


MOE&AN,  Howel,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt-uchaf, 
Merionethshire. 

F.R.C.S. ;    D.  L.   for  the   cos.    of   Meri- 
oneth and  Brecknock ;  in  the  Commission 


706 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


of  the  Peace  for  the  cos.  of  Merioneth, 
Montgomery,  and  Brecknock;  High  Sheriff 
for  Merioneth  1863  ;  second  son  of  John 
Morgan,  Esq., of  Dyfynog,  Brecknockshire; 
b.  1820  ;  m.,  i3th  September,  1860,  Anne, 
second  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Hugh 
Jones,  Esq.,  of  Hengwrt-uchaf  and  Plas 
Hen  (her  eldest  sister,  Mary,  m.  Major 
Owen  J.  Ellis-Nanney,  of  Gwynfryn,  co. 
Carnarvon  ;  her  youngest  sister  m.  Rev. 
Charles  Owen). 

Residence:  Hengwrt-uchaf,  near  Dol- 
gelley. 

Town  Address:  Union  Club.* 

Arms:  Quarterly  :  ist  and  4th,  sa.,  a 
chevron  arg.  between  3  spears'  heads 
imbrued — MORGAN.  2nd,  quartered,  ist 
and  4th,  sa.,  a  fesse  cotised  or  between 
two  daggers  arg.,  hilts  and  pommels  or; 
that  in  chief  pointing  upwards,  that  in 
base  downwards;  2nd  and  3rd,  or,  3 
bats  az.,  membered  gu. — BRYCHAN. 
3rd,  arg.,  a  bull's  head  caboshed  gu. 
between  three  mullets  of  the  2nd — 
HAVARD. 

Crest :   A  spear's  head  imbrued. 

Motto :  Gwell  angau  na  chywilydd. 

Note. — -For  lineage  see  Morgan  of  Defynog, 
Brecknockshire. 

OAKELEY,  William  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Plas 
Tanybwlch,  Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Merioneth ; 
late  Captain  in  Staffordshire  Yeomanry  ; 
son  of  William  Oakeley,  Esq.,  of  Glan- 
william,  Tanybwlch,  Merioneth  (4th  son 
of  Sir  Charles  Oakeley,  ist  Bart.,  who 
rendered  distinguished  service  in  India 
under  Lord  Cornwallis),  and  Mary  Maria 
Miles,  dau.  of  Col.  Sir  Edward  Miles, 
K.C.B.  ;  b.  Aug.  i,  1828  ;  ed.  at  Eton  and 
Corpus  Christi,  Oxon. ;  m.,  loth  April,  1860, 
the  Hon.  Mary  Russell,  2nd  dau.  of  the 
Baroness  de  Clifford,  of  Clifford  Castle, 
Herefordshire,  by  Com.  John  Russell, 
R.N.,  a  cadet  of  the  House  of  Bedford; 
succ.  to  estates  in  1867;  has  issue  one 
son  and  one  daughter. 

Heir:  Edward  de  Clifford  William. 

Residences :  Plas  Tanybwlch,  Merioneth  ;  Cliff 
House,  Alverstone,  Leicester. 

Town  Address :  Arthur's  Club. 

Arms :  The  arms  of  Oakeley,  impaling  De 
Clifford. 

Motto :  Paterni  nominis  patrimonium. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  its  lineage  from  the   OakiUys 
of  Oakeley,   Salop. 


.— The  mansion  of  Plas  Tan-y-Bwlch,  newly 
renovated  and  almost  entirely  rebuilt  (1872),  is  de- 
lightfully situated  on  a  slope  overlooking  the  vale  of 
Maentwrog,  so  much  admired  for  its  scenery.  The 
estate  contains  slate  quarries  of  a  superior  kind,  let 
out  on  royalty.  The  ancient  mansion  of  Dol-y-Moc h, 
now  a  farmhouse,  added  by  purchase,  is  on  the  estate. 

PRICE,  Richard  Jones  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas, 
Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  of  the  co.  of  Merioneth;  Sheriff  of 
same  co.  1868;  son  of  the  late  Richard 
Watkin  Price,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwlas  ;  b.  1844  ; 
/«.,  1869,  a  dau.  of  Capt.  Hop  wood,  a 
Lancashire  gentleman,  and  has  issue. 

Residence  :  Rhiwlas,  near  Bala. 
Town  Address :  Carlton  Club. 
Arms :  A  lion  rampant  arg. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  considerable  antiquity,  and  in 
past  times  produced  some  distinguished  men  ;  but 
we  have  not  been  supplied  with -a  full  genealogy 
of  Mr.  Price's  predecessors.  The  possessor  of 
Rhiwlas,  when  the  first  Duke  of  Beaufort,  in  1684, 
made  his  lordly  progress  through  Wales  as  Lord 
President,  and  stopped  a  night  at  Rhiwlas  on  his 
way  from  "Gwidder"  (Gwydir)  to  "  Lloyd yarth  " 
(Llwydiarth,  Mont.),  was  Col.  Wm.  Price,  and  a 
picture  of  the  place  as  it  then  stood  is  engraved  in 
the  Progress  (privately  printed  1864). 

PUGHE,  John,  Esq.,  of  Bryn  awel,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

F.R.C.S.E.;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth, 
translator  of  Meddygon  Myddfai;  author  of 
"  Eben  Fardd,"  and  other  minor  produc- 
tions; son  of  David  Roberts  Pughe,  Esq., 
of  Bron-dirion  Villa,  Clynnog,  Carnarvon- 
shire; b.  Sept.  8,  1814  ;  ed.  at  Pwllheliand 
Carnarvon  ;  grad.  a  Member  Royal  College 
of  Surgeons  in  1837, and  Fellow  of  the  same 
in  1853  ;  m.,  ist,  Feb.  20,  1839,  Catherine, 
dau.  of.  Samuel  Samuel,  Esq.,  of  Car- 
narvon;  2ndly,  Feb.  15,  1865,  Maria  Wil- 
cox,  dau.  of  Edwin  Wilcox,  Esq.,  of  Bristol; 
s.  to  estates  of  Erwfaethlon,  Towyn,  Meri- 
oneth, Coch-y-Big,  Clynnog,  and  Cwm- 
arion,  in  1862  ;  has  issue  five  sons  and 
five  daughters. 

Heir:  David  Roberts  Pughe,  M.R.C.S., 
Machynlleth,  Coroner  of  the  Machynlleth  district 
of  the  co.  of  Montgomery. 

Residences  :  Bron-dirion  Villa,  Clynnog ;  and 
Bryn-awel,  Aberdyfi. 

Crest :  A  demi-wyvern  rampant. 

Motto:  Goraf  araeth  gwaith:  "The  best 
speech,  action." 


This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Marchudd 
ap  Cynan,  founder  of  one   of  the  fifteen  tribes  of 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


707 


Gwynedd,  and  Camel,  Falconer  to  William  the 
Conqueror.  Prominent  men  in  the  line  of  descent 
have  been  Sir  Thomas  Scriven,  temp.  Charles  I., 
and  Ednyfed  Fychan,  of  a  much  earlier  date. 

Rees  Hughes,  Clerk,  Vicar  of  Wern,  Shrews- 
bury, m.  Mary  Scriven,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas  Scriven, 
Kt.,  of  Frodesley  Hall,  in  direct  descent  from  John 
Scriven,  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Frodesley,  temp. 
Henry  V.,  who  himself  traced  his  lineage  uninter- 
ruptedly to  Gamel  the  Falconer,  just  named. 

Scriven  Hughes,  the  son,  of  Dyffryn  Gwyn,  near 
Towyn,  Mer. ,  had  a  dau.,  Catherine,  and  she  by 
her  husband,  John  ap  Rhinallt  ap  Hugh,  or  Pugh, 
of  Erw  Faethlon,  Towyn,  had  a  dau.,  also  named 
Catherine,  who  m. — 

David  Roberts,  Esq.,  of  Aberdyfi,  who  by  his 
said  wife  Catherine  ha.d  a  son, — 

John  Pugh,  Esq.  (as  he  chose  to  be  called),  of 
Lleuar  Bach,  Clynnog,  Carn.  His  son  by  Jane 
Prichard  was — • 

David  Roberts  Pughe,  Esq.,  of  Coch-y-big,  or 
Bron-dirion  (d.  1862).  He  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
William  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Chwaen  Wen,  Anglesey, 
and  had,  besides  a  dau.  who  died  young,  two  sons, 
viz., — 

JOHN  PUGHE,  Esq.,  now  of  Bryn-awel,  &c.  (as 
above). 

David  William  Pughe,  Esq.,  M.R.C.S.,  of  Bron- 
dirion,  Clynnog,  d.  22nd  Nov.,  1862.  (See  further 
Cyf  Beuno,  by  "Eben  Fardd,"  p.  92.) 


REVELEY,  Hugh  John,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-y-gwin, 
Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth ; 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  in  1859  ;  son  of 
the  late  Hugh  Reveley,  Esq.,  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  his  co.  (d.  1851),  and  Jane,  his 
wife,  dau.  of  Robert  H.  Owen,  Esq.,  of 
Bryn-y-gwin  (she  d.  1846);  b.  at  Bryn-y- 
gwin,  i5th  March,  1812;  ed.  at  Wadham 
College,  Oxford  ;  m.,  i3th  July,  1850,  to 
his  cousin  Jane,  dau.  of  Algernon  Reveley, 
Esq.,  of  Bengal  Civil  Service;  s.  in  1851 ; 
has  issue  6  daus. 

Heir :  Fanny  Jane  Reveley. 

Residence  :  Bryn-y-gwin,  near  Dolgelley. 

Arms  :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  a  chevron 
engrailed  gu.  between  three  estoiles  with  twelve 
points  az. — REVELEY,-— 2nd  and  3rd,  quarterly  : 
1st  and  4th,  az.,  a  chevron  between  three  cocks 
arg.  (for  Aleth,  Prince  of  Dimetia);  2nd  and  3rd, 
gu.,  three  snakes  ennowed  arg.  (Ednowen  ap 
.  Bradwen,  Lord  of  Merioneth) — OWEN. 

Crests :  An  estoile  as  in  the  arms  ;  a  cock 
crowing  arg.  on  a  cap  of  maintenance. 

Motto  :  Optima  revelatio  Stella — for  Reveley  ; 
Canaf  tra  byddaf— for  Oicen. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  some  of  the 
best  blood  of  Northumberland,  the  Greys  of  Chil- 
lingham,  the  Selbys  of  Branxton,  the  Ordes,  the 
Lords  Bertram  of  Mitford,  &c.,  &c.,  and  by  mar- 
riage is  connected  with  the  Percys,  Dukes  of 
Northumberland,  the  first  duke's  mother  having 
been  Philadelphia  Reveley.  Another  Philadelphia 
carried  the  old  Reveley  estates  in  Northumberland 
and  Yorkshire  into  the  Mitford  family. 


The  pedigree  of  the  Reveleys  dates  from  the 
time  of  King  Edward  II.  They  were  Lords  of  the 
Manor  of  Ancroft,  in  Northumberland,  and  in 
James  I.'s  time  possessed  the  manors  of  Newton 
Underwood,  Newton  Park,  and  Throphill,  when 
the  family  seat  was  removed  from  the  Cheviots  to 
Yorkshire,  and  the  Hall  House  of  Newby-Wiske 
built.  In  this  house  Hugh,  the  first  Duke  of 
Northumberland,  was  born. 

The  present  representative  through  his  grand- 
mother is  descended  from  the  old  Norman  family  of 
Champion  de  Crespigny,  which  took  refuge  in 
England  at  the  time  of  the  revocation  of  the  edict 
of  Nantes.  She  was  m.  to  Henry  Reveley,  Esq., 
who  began  life  as  gentleman  usher  to  Queen  Char- 
lotte ;  afterwards  became  Purveyor  to  the  King, 
and  a  Commissioner  of  Excise.  The  issue  of  that 
marriage  was  Hugh  Reveley,  Esq.,  late  of  Bryn- 
y-gwin  above  mentioned,  another  son,  and  two 
daus. 

Note.— The  north  side  of  "Tyrau-mawr,"  "the 
great  towers,"  which  is  the  west  point  of  Cader  Idris, 
nearest  the  sea,  belongs  to  the  Bryn-y-gwin  estate, 
and  has  upon  it  a  "Roman  zigzag,"  which  within 
memory  was  very  distinct  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 
It  formed  part  of  the  road  which  crossed  over  to 
Llanfihangel  y  Pennant  and  Castell-y-Beri,  or  Cae'r 
Berllan. 

The  neiv  house  at  Bryn-y-gwin  was  built  by  the 
late  Mr.  Reveley  immediately  after  his  marriage  in 
1802,  and  commands  a  fine  view,  containing  also  a 
good  library  and  some  pictures,  especially  a  Canalotti, 
the  "Marriage  of  the  Doge  with  the  Adriatic."  It 
has  also  a  large  and  choice  collection  of  old  masters' 
drawings  and  etchings,  many  of  them  from  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds'  and  Sir  Peter  ^ely's  collections,  as  well  as 
coins,  medals,  &c.  These  collections  were  chiefly 
made  by  the  present  proprietor's  grandfather,  who 
was  the  author  of  a  book  upon  the  subject  called 
"Notices  Illustrative  of  the  Drawings  and  Sketches 
of  some  of  the  most  Distinguished  Masters."  He  was 
offered  a  baronetcy  by  Mr.  Pkt  in  the  latter  years  of 
his  life.  His  son,  Hugh  Reveley,  Esq.,  was  called  to 
the  bar,  and  appointed  Speaker's  secretary,  by  Sir 
John  Mitford,  his  cousin,  and  afterwards  followed  him 
to  Ireland  as  Purse-bearer  when  Sir  John  became 
Lord  Redesdale  and  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland.  He 
served  the  office  of  Sheriff  for  Merioneth  in  181 1. 

In  the  chancel  of  Mitford  Church  is  a  curious 
monument — mentioned  by  Boswell  in  his  "Antiqui- 
ties " — to  the  memory  of  Bertram  Reveley,  the  same 
probably  who  married  Rosamond  Wentworth,  of 
Wentworth  Woodhouse,  the  niece  of  the  great  Lord 
Strafford.  His  son  raised  a  body  of  horse  in  support 
of  the  king  against  the  parliament,  and  was  in  the 
battle  of  Marston  Moor.  In  the  words  of  Mitford  the 
historian,  "  Reveley  held  on  with  the  defeated  army 
under  the  Prince,  and  was  afterwards  killed  at  the 
decisive  battle  of  Naseby." 


RICHARDS,  Richard  Meredyth,  Esq.,  of  Caer- 
ynwch,  Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  ; 
High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  in  1865;  J.  P. 
for  the  co.  of  Denbigh ;  Chairman  of 
Quarter  Sessions  in  the  co.  of  Mer.  since 
1857  ;  son  of  the  late  Richard  Richards, 
Esq.,  J.  P.,  D.  L.,  sometime  M.P.  for  the 
co.  of  Merioneth,  and  a  Master  in  Chan- 


7o8 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


eery,  by  his  wife,  Harriet,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  Jonathan  Dennett,  Esq.  ;  b.  1821  ; 
called  to  the  bar  1845  ;  m.,  ist,  1845, 
Elizabeth  Emrna,  dau.  of  William  Bennett, 
Esq.,  of  Farringdon  House,  Berks  (she  d. 
1852) ;  2ndly,  1863,  Louisa  Janette  Anne, 
only  child  and  h.  of  the  late  Edward 
Lloyd  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Cerrig-Llwydion, 
Denbighshire ;  and  has  issue. 

Heir  :  Richard  Edward  Lloyd,  b.  1865. 

Residence:  Caerynwch,  near  Dolgelley. 

Town  Address :  Carlton  Club. 

Arms:  Quarterly  :  Ist,  arg.,  a  cross patence en- 
grailed sa.  between  four  Cornish  choughs  ppr.  ; 
2nd,  ermine,  on  a  saltire  gu.  an  escallop  arg.  ; 
3rd,  or,  a  lion  ramp.  gu.  ;  4th,  vert,  three  eagles 
displayed  in  fesse  arg. ;  and  in  right  of  his  present 
wife,  heiress  of  Cerrig-Llwydion,  an  escutcheon 
of  pretence — gu.  and  az.  a  chevron  ermine  cotised 
or,  between  three  Saxons'  heads  couped  gutte  de 
sang  ppr. 

Crest :  A  dexter  arm  naked,  the  hand  grasping 
a  scimitar,  all  ppr. 

Motto  :  Ffyddlawn  i'r  gwirionedd. 

LINEAGE. 

Tudyr  Vyclian  was  possessor  of  Caerynwch  in 
1588,  when  Dwnn,  Deputy  Herald,  visited  the 
place  (Heraldic  Visit,  of  Wales,  ii.,  235).  Third 
in  descent  from  Tudyr  Vychan  was — 

Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caerynwch  (d.  1693), 
who  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Robert  Vaughan,  Esq., 
the  "antiquary,"  of  Hengwrt,  and  widow  of  Wil- 
liam Pryce,  B.D.,  Rector  of  Dolgelley,  and  had 
issue  a  dau.  Grace,  who  m. — 

John  Humphreys,  Esq.,  son  of  Capt.  William 
Humphreys,  of  Maer-dy,  Gwyddelwern.  There 
were  two  or  three  generations  of  Humphreys  at 
Caerynwch,  ending  in  an  heiress,  Catherine,  who 
«.,  1785,— 

Richard  Richards,  Esq.  (son  of  Thomas  Richards, 
Esq.),  who  was  a  talented  barrister,  and  became 
Sir  Richard  Richards,  chief  Baron  of  the  Court  of 
Exchequer  (d.  1823).  By  this  mar.  he  left  an 
eldest  son, — 

Richard  Richards,  Esq.,  of  Caerynwch,  who 
became  a  Master  in  Chancery,  and  represented  the 
co.  of  Merioneth  in  Parliament  from  the  death  of 
Sir  Robert  W.  Vaughan,  Bart.,  of  Nannau,  in 
1836,  to  1852.  By  his  wife,  Harriet  Dennett,  he 
left,  with  other  issue,  a  son, — 

RICHARD  MEREDYTH,  now  of  Caerynwch  (as 
above). 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Caerymoch,  surrounded  by 
a  well-wooded  and  picturesque  country,  is  a  well- 
designed  modem  structure.  The  old  residence  at  a 
short  distance,  now  used  as  a  farm-building,  is  curious 
as  a  specimen  of  the  abodes  of  the  Welsh  gentry  in 
former  days.  "It  covers  a  considerable  extent  of 
ground,  bat  down-stairs  has  only  one  sitting-room, 
square,  and  about  eight  feet  high,  adjoining  to  which 
is  a  hall,  apparently  of  the  same  size.  Over  this  is 
what  appears  to  have  been  a  drawing-room,  hand- 
somely wainscoted  with  oak,  but  open  to  the  "valley" 
of  the  roof,  the  rafters  coming  so  low  at  the  sides  of 
the  room  as  not  to  admit  of  a  person  standing  up- 
right. The  rest  of  the  house  consists  of  a  few  bed- 
rooms and  the  offices.  The  whole  building  is  very 
irregular,  and  seems  to  have  been  erected  without 
any  plan,  and  probably  at  different  times." — (Note  on 
Dwnn,  ii.,  236.) 


RICHARDSON,  The  Rev.  William,  of  Corwen, 
Merionethshire. 

Rector  of  Corwen  1866;  late  Scholar  of 
Jesus  College,  Oxford ;  Curate  of  Bala, 
March,  1854;  Chaplain  of  Rhug  Chapel, 
August,  1854;  Incumbent  of  St.  Mary's, 
Llwydiarth,  1859 — Patron,  Sir  W.  W. 
Wynn,  Bart.,  M.P. ;  son  of  Rev.  P.  D. 
Richardson,  Vicar  of  St.  Dogwell's  cum 
Little  Newcastle,  Pembrokeshire ;  b.  at 
St.  Dogwell's,  March,  1830  ;  ed.  at  the  Col- 
legiate School,  St.  David's,  Cowbridge 
School,  Glamorganshire,  and  at  Jesus  Coll., 
Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  1853. 

Residence  :  The  Rectory,  Corwen. 

Note.— National    Schools    were    built    1868;    St. 
Julian's  Church  is  in  course  of  restoration  (1872). 


ROBERTSOlf,   Henry,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Crogen' 
Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth ;  High  Sheriff 
for  same  co.  1869;  was  M.P.  for  Shrews- 
bury 1862-3  ;  b.  1816  ;  m.,  1846,  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  W.  Dean,  Esq.,  of  Shrewsbury,  and 
has  issue. 

Residence:  Plas  Crogen. 

Note. —  The  newly  erected  mansion  of 
Crogen  stands  nearly  on  the  site  of  the 
ancient  mansion  of  Pale,  and  is  surrounded 
by  many  of  the  fine  old  trees  and  other  re- 
mains of  the  park  of  that  well-known  estate. 
The  scenery  of  the  Vale  of  Edeirnion  in  front 
is  celebrated  for  its  beauty,  and  the  country 
is  full  of  spots  of  historic  interest.  (See 
further  Crogen,  Owen  Brogyntyn,  Rhirid 
Flaidd,  Edeirnion,  &c.) 


RUCK,  Laurence,  Esq.,  of  Pantlludw,  Merio- 
nethshire, and  Newington  Manor  House, 
Kent. 

Mr.  Ruck  is  descended  from  an  old  Kentish 
family,  one  of  whom,  by  name  Laurence 
Ruck,  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  was 
bow-bearer  to  the  king;  b.  1820;  ed.  at 
Magdalen  College,  Oxford;  m.,  1841, 
Mary  Anne,  dau.  of  Richard  Matthews, 
Esq.,  of  Esgair  Lleferin,  Merionethshire ; 
and  has  issue  4  sons — Arthur,  Richard, 
Ithel,  Edwald  ;  and  2  daughters — Mary 
and  Amy. 

Residence:  Pantlludw,  Machynlleth,  Merio- 
nethshire. 

Arms :  The  arms  of  Ruck,  impaling  those  of 
Morris  of  Esgair  Lleferin,  and  Jones  of  Esgair 
Evan. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


709 


LINEAGE. 

Mrs.  Ruck,  as  shown  in  an  extensive  pedigree 
in  possession  of  the  family,  is  descended  both  on 
the  paternal  and  maternal  side  from  a  long  line  of 
Welsh  ancestry.  Her  father,  Richard  Matthews  of 
Esgair  Lleferin  (who  was  of  the  old  family  of 
Matthews  of  Trenannau),  was  an  officer  in  the  23rd 
Reg.  Welsh  Fusiliers.  His  father,  Richard  Mat- 
thews, m.  Ann  Morris,  heiress  of  Esgair  Lleferin, 
from  whom  Mrs.  Ruck  has  inherited  that  property. 
Her  mother  was  Mary,  dau.  of  John  Jones,  Esq.,  of 
Esgair  Evan,  by  Mary  Morgan,  of  the  Morgans 
of  Fronfraith,  Cardiganshire,  claiming  a  pedigree 
from  Giuaethfoed,  Prince  of  Ceredigion  in  the  1 1  th 
cent. 

Note. — The  residence  of  Pantlludw,  erected  about 
fifty  years  ago,  is  delightfully  situated  on  an  elevation 
commanding  a  view  of  the  valley  of  the  Dyfi  above 
_and  below  Machynlleth,  and  the  spurs  of  Penllyman 
(Plinlimmon)  to  the  east.  In  the  tastefully  arranged 
'grounds  is  a  remarkable  yew  of  enormous  size,  one  of 
the  branches  of  which  was  some  years  ago  blown 
down,  and  converted  into  elegant  pieces  of  furniture. 
The  age  of  this  tree  is  calculated  at  nearly  a  thousand 
years.  The  mansion  of  Esgair,  occupied  by  Col. 
Stewart,  is  a  pretty  place,  boldly  planted  in  the  midst 
of  highly  picturesque  scenery. 


THRUSTON,  Charles  Frederick,  Esq.,  of  Tal- 
garth Hall,  Merionethshire. 

Lord  of  the  manor  of  Pennal ;  D.  L.  and 
J.  P.  for  Merionethshire,  and  J.  P.  for 
Montgomeryshire  ;  High  Sheriff  for  Meri- 
onethshire in  1860;  was  in  the  g6th  Light 
Infantry ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  Captain 
Thomas  Thruston,  R.N.,  of  Pennal  Tower, 
Mer.,  by  his  first  wife,  Frances,  dau.  and 
heiress  of  Lewis  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth 
Hall ;  b.  at  Talgarth  Hall,  January  4th, 
1824;  ed.  at  Rugby;  »?.,  1848,  Mary, 
daughter  of  the  late  Josiah  Nisbet,  Capt 
R.N.,  and  gr.  dau.  of  Lady  Nelson  (widow 
of  Lord  Nelson),  and  has  issue — 

1.  Mary  Frances,  b.    1850  ;    m..   1870, 
W.  Edw.  Allen,  Esq.,  M.R.C.S.,  'Bengal 
Medical  Service. 

2.  Blanche  Eliza,  b.  ipth  July,  1851. 

3.  Charles  Aisbet,   />.  yd   Nov.,    1853, 
F.R.C.S.,  Medical  Service;  m.  isth  Sept., 
1870. 

4.  Rose  Emily,  b.  I7th  June,  1855. 

5.  John  Walter,  b.  roth  Feb.,  1857. 

6.  Herbert  Edwards,  b.  agth  April,  1859. 

7.  Lewis  Arthur,  £.  4th  April,  1861. 

Heir:  Charles  Nisbet,  b.  1853. 

Residence:    Talgarth  Hall,  near  Machynlleth. 

Arms :  "  In  a  shield  of  sabie,  three  bugle-horns 
with  laces  and  tassells  goulde,  garnished  azure." 

Crest:  "A  white  storke  with  blew  legges 
standinge  on  a  wreathe  of  yellowe  and  black,  sett 
upon  a  helmet  of  steele  with  mantles  and  tassells 
of  argent  and  gules."  (Extract  from  a  deed 


written  by  Win.  Dethick,  Gaiter  Principall  Kinge 
of  Arms,  1586.) 
Mottoes :  Esse  quam  videri ;  Thrust  on. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Thruston  family  were  of  Suffolk  origin. 
The  Welsh  descent  of  the  Thrustons  of  Talgarth 
Hall  and  Pennal  Tower  is  traced  maternally  through 
the  Edwards  of  Esgair-weddan  from  a  very  ancient 
stock,  as  shown  in  the  following  genealogy,  revised 
and  completed  from  Dwnn's  Herald,  Visit,  of 
Wales,  by  the  competent  hand  of  W.  W.  E.  Wynne, 
Esq. ,  of  Peniarth.  (See  also  Price  of  Esgair- 
wcddan,  ante.) 

Ithel  ap  David  ap  Llowarch  Vychan  ap  Llowarch 
ap  levan  ap  David  ap  Llnvclyn  ap  loriverth.  Prince 
of  North  Wales,  m.  Gwen,  dau.  of  Meredydd  ap 
Madoc  ap  Meredith,  descended  from  Elystan 
GlodruM,  Lord  of  P'erlys,  a  district  between  the 
Wye  and  Severn. 

David  ap  Ithel,  living  probably  32nd  Henry  VI. , 
1454  (see  Notes  of  Inquisitions,  co  Mi  rone  h,  by 
Robert  Vaughan,  the  antiquary  of  Hengwrt),  ;«. 
Gwervil,  dau.  of  Ithel  Vychan  ap  Ithel  Goch,  of 
Ystrad  Towy. 

Griffith  ap  David,  living  probably  in  the  town- 
ship of  Maesllangedris,  parish  of  Talyllyn,  1453  m. 
Eva,  dau.  and  heiress  of  Llewelyn  ap  levan,  of  the 
Rofft  (Escairwedc'an). 

David  ap  Griffith  m.  Alswn,  dau.  of  Howel 
Gethin,  and  had  a  son, — 

levan  ap  David,  who  m.  Gwenllian,  sole  heiress 
of  Llewelyn  ap  Owen  ap  Griffith  ap  Madoc  ap 
levan,  Caereinion. 

Rees,  eldest  son  (party  to  a  deed  on  igth  July, 
'595).  '"•  Margaret,  dau.  of  Thomas  ap  Rees  ap 
David  Lloyd,  and  from  them  were  descended  the 
Pryces  of  Escairweddan,  who  left  their  property  to 
the  Edwardses  of  Talgarth. 

Richard,  2nd  son  of  levan,  m.  Gwen,  co-heir  of 
Lewis  ap  Rees  ap  Morris  ap  Llewelyn,  of  Talgarth. 

Lewis  Prichard  (ap  Richard)  of  Talgarth,  Gent., 
owner  of  Talgarth  igth  Nov.,  gth  Charles  I.,  m. 
Jane,  }  oungest  dau.  of  Humphrey  Pughe,  of  Aber- 
ffrydlan,  Gent.,  living,  a  widow,  22nd  July,  l8th 
Charles  I. 

Edward  Lewis  (i.  t.,  son  of  Lewis),  of  Tonfane 
and  Talgarth,  Gent.,  b.  about  1598,  m.  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  William  Vaughan,  son  of  Robert,  one  of 
the  sons  of  Rees  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol. 

Lewis  Edward  (/.  e.,  son  of  Edward),  of  Tonfane 
and  Talgarth,  Gent,  (buried  at  Llangelynin  1st  May, 
1688),  had  a  son, — 

Edward  Lewis,  Gent.,  of  Talgarth  (party  to  a 
deed  I3th  July,  1708,  owner  also  of  Tonfane),  m. 
Lowry,  living  131(1  July,  1708. 
.  Lewis  Edwards,  Gent,  (here  the  surname  be- 
comes settled),  of  Talgarth  and  Tonfane  (settlement 
after  his  marriage  dated  I3thjuly,  1708),  m.  Mary, 
dau.  of  John  Davies,  Gent.,  of  Machynlleth  (and 
through  this  marriage  property  in  the  townships  of 
Glyntrefnant  and  Eshireth,  and  in  the  town  of 
Machynlleth,  passed  into  the  Edwards  family). 

Humphrey  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth,  d. 
nth  June,  1772,  Sheriff  of  Merionethshire  1759, 
m  Mary,  dau.  and  heiress  of  James  Turner,  Esq., 
ofOldport,  co.  Salop. 

Humphrey's  second  brother,  John,  of  Machyn- 
lleth, married  Miss  Owen,  heiress  of  considerable 
property  near  Llanidloes,  and  by  her  had  several 
children.  Her  eldest  son  was  the  late  Sir  John 
Edwards,  Bart,  M.P.,  whose  only  child  is  Mary 
Cornelia,  now  Countess  Vane. 


7io 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


Lewis  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth  and  Tonfane, 
died  I7th  Jan.,  1797,  aged  forty-nine ;  Sheriff 
of  co.  Mer.  1773  ;  m.  Ann,  dau.  of  Salusbury 
Pryce,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Meifod,  and  left  one  son, 
Pryce,  who  d.  s.  p.,  and  several  daus.,  two  only 
of  whom  were  m.,  and  had  issue — 

Mary,  co-heiress,  m. ,  i6th  March,  1796,  to  the 
Hon.  Thomas  Parker,  afterwards  Earl  of  Maccles- 
field,  and  d.  at  Holton  Park,  co.  Oxford,  loth  April, 
1803,  in  her  twenty-fourth  year,  leaving  issue. 

Frances,  co-heiress,  inherited  Talgarth  and  Ton- 
fane  (d.  2nd  December,  1828,  aged  thirty-eight), 
m.  Charles  Thomas  Thruston,-  Captain  in  the  Royal 
Navy,  a  member  of  the  ancient  family  of  Thruston, 
of  Hoxne,  co.  Suffolk.  He  »;.,  2ndly,  Eliza,  dau. 
of  Admiral  Sotheby,  who  d.  in  May,  1840,  leaving 
a  son,  Clement  (see  Thruston  of  Pennal  Tower). 
Capt.  Thruston  d.  in  London  in  1858,  and  was 
buried  at  Pennal.  Besides  Parker,  d.  unm.  1844, 
aged  about  eighteen  ;  Blanche,  d.  unm.  in  1851  ; 
Emily,  d.  unm.,  he  left  by  first  mar.  his  eldest  son, — 

CHARLES  FREDERICK  THRUSTON,  Esq.,  now 
of  Talgarth  Hall  (as  above). 

TEBTJSTON,  Clement  Arthur,  Esq.,  of  Penna 

Tower,  Merionethshire. 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth;  High 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1870  ;  Capt.  Mont- 
gomeryshire Yeomanry  Cavalry  ;  contested 
Hastings  in  1868  ;  son  of  Charles  Thomas 
Thruston,  Captain  Royal  Navy,  of  Pennal 
Tower,  late  of  Talgarth  Hall,  by  his  and 
wife,  Eliza,  dau.  of  the  late  Admiral 
Sotheby ;  b.  at  Talgarth,  near  Machynlleth, 
June  12,  1837 ;  ed.  at  Rugby  and  University 
College,  Oxford ;  grad.  B.A.  1860  ;  called 
to  the  bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn  1869,  but  does 
not  practise;  m.,  1861,  Constance  Sophia, 
dau.  of  the  late  Major-General  Lechmere- 
Coore  Russell,  C.B.,  of  Ashford  Hall, 
Salop,  and  has  issue  two  sons,  one  dau. ; 
s.  to  estate  1858. 

Heir:  Edmund  Heathcote,  b.  1863. 

Residence:  Pennal  Tower,  near  Mach- 
ynlleth, North  Wales. 

Town  Address :  Boodle's  Club. 

Arms :  "  In  a  shield  of  sables  three 
bugle-horns  with  lace  and  tassells  of 
goulde,  garnished  azure." 

Crest :  "  A  white  storke  with  blew 
legges  standinge  on  a  wreathe  of  yellowe 
and  black  sett  upon  a  helmet  of  steele, 
with  mantles  and  tassells  of  argent  and 
gules  "  (arms  thus  made  out  by  William 
Dethick,  Garter  King  of  Arms  1586). 

Motto :  Thrust  on. 

*• 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Thruston  is  of  considerable 
antiquity  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  recently 
seated  at  Market  Weston  Hall,  near  Bury 
St.  Edmund's,  and  formerly  at  Hoxon,  co. 
Suffolk.  (See  further  Thtuston,  Talgarth 


Hall.)  Mr.  Thruston's  great-uncle,  Mr. 
Sotheby,  was  distinguished  as  one  of  the 
first  poets  of  his  day,  and  as  an  eminent 
literary  man. 

VAUGHAN,  John,  Esq.,  of  Nannau,  Merioneth- 
shire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth ; 
son  of  the  late  John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  the 
Civil  Service,  and  grandson  of  John 
Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  the  Vaughans  of  Dol- 
melynllyn  and  Nannau,  Merioneth,  to  whose 
estate  he  succeeded  in  1842  ;  he  has  also 
the  inheritance  in  reversion  of  the  Nannau 
and  Hengwrt  estates  under  the  will  of  the 
late  Sir  R.  Williams  Vaughan,  Bart.,  of 
Nannau  and  Hengwrt,  who  d.  s.  p.  1859, 
devising  the  Rhug  part  of  the  estates  to 
the  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynn  (see  Wynn  of  Rhug), 
Hengwrt  to  the  Hon.  Misses  Lloyd  for 
life,  and  Nannau  to  the  Hon.  T.  Pryce 
Lloyd  during  life  (see  Pryce  Lloyd  of 
Pengwern,  Flint),  after  which  they  revert 
to  Mr.  Vaughan  ;  m.,  1863,  Eleanor,  dau. 
of  the  late  Edward  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Garthyng- 
harad  (of  the  sept  of  "  Baron  Owen  "  of 
Dolgelley). 

Residence:  Nannau,  near  Dolgelley. 

Arms:  Quarterly,  or  and  gu.,  four  lions  ram- 
pant counterchanged — VAUGHAN  ;  on  the  centre 
of  the  shield  a  lion  rampant  az.— NANNEY. 

Crest:  A  lion  rampant  az. 

LINEAGE. 

In  past  times  the  Vaughans  of  Nannau  and 
Hengwrt  were  distinguished  families  in  North 
Wales.  Their  lineage  is  derived  from  Bleddyn  ap 
Cynfyn,  Prince  of  Powys  and  North  Wales  I  ith 
century.  (See  Nanney  and  Vaughan  of  Nannau.) 

WAYNE,  Herman,  Esq.,  of  Cae-Nest,  Merio- 
nethshire. 

Late  Capt.  roth  Regt. ;  son  of  Rev.  W. 
H.  Wayne,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Much  Wenlock 
and  patron  of  two  livings,  by  his  wife 
Jane,  dau.  of  Samuel  F.  Milford,  Esq.,  of 
Exeter  ;  b.  1838,  at  Parwick  Hall,  Derby- 
shire; m.,  1862,  Theresa  Louisa,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Sir  William  Rouse  Bough- 
ton,  Bart.,  F.R.S.,  of  Downton  Hall,  Shrop- 
shire, and  late  M.P.  for  Evesham.  (His 
eldest  brother,  William  Henry  Wayne, 
Clerk,  b.  1832,  m.,  1856,  Eliza,  dau.  of  the 
late  Capt.  Henry  Foskett,  isth  Light 
Dragoons,  and  resides  occasionally  at 
Aber-Artro,  Merionethshire.)  Has  issue 
i  son  and  2  daus. 

Heir :  Francis  H.  Milford. 
Residence:  Cae-Nest,  near  Harlech,  Mer. 
Arms  :  The  Wayne  arms  are — Gu.,  a  chevron 
ermine  between  three  dexter  gauntlets  or. 
Motto :  Tempus  et  casus  accidit  omnibus. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


711 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  from  the  Waynes  of  High 
Sheen,  Staffordshire,  seated  at  that  place  temp. 
Charles  II.  Col.  Waine,  Royalist,  killed  at  Nant- 
wich,  was  of  this  family  ;  so  was  General  Wayne, 
one  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough's  leading  officers. 

Note. — Cae-Nest,  a  property  which  has  long  been  in 
the  family  of  the  Pooles,  lies  in  the  picturesque  and 
interesting  Vale  of  Artro,  a  part  teeming  with  anti- 
quarian remains  and  historic  associations.  The  fort, 
supposed  to  be  British,  situated  on  the  river  Artro, 
which  runs  close  by  the  house,  has  been  already 
noticed  (see  section  on  Antiquities,  ante),  as  well  as 
several  other  historic  and  pre-historic  monuments 
scattered  about  the  district. 


WILLIAMS,  Charles  Reynolds,  Esq.,  of  Dol- 

melynllyn,  Merionethshire. 
Second  son  of  Col.  Monier  Williams,  Sur- 
veyor-General of  Bombay;  b.  at  Baroche, 
in  the  Bombay  Presidency,  on  the  25th  of 
Dec.,  1815  ;  m.  Margaret,  only  daughter 
of  John  Romer,  Esq.,  Member  of  Council 
of  Bombay,  and  subsequently  Acting  Go- 
vernor of  that  presidency ;  has  issue  one 
son  and  two  daughters. 

Residence :  Dolmelynllyn,  near  Dolgelley. 

Town  Address :  48,  Gloucester  Square,  Hyde 
Park. 

Arms:  Gu.,  a  chevron  ermine  between  three' 
Saxons'  heads  couped  ppr. 

Crest:  A  stag's  head. 

GENEALOGICAL   NOTE. 

Colonel  Monier  Williams  was  a  distinguished 
officer  in  the  then  East  India  Company's  service, 
and  was  one  of  those  who  originated  the  survey  on 
which  the  present  revenue  settlement  was  made. 
His  elder  brother  (both  sons  of  George  Williams, 
formerly  Chief  Justice  of  Newfoundland)  was  Colonel 
George  Williams,  who  represented  Ashton-under- 
Lyne  in  the  first  reformed  Parliament,  and  as  a 
youth  of  twelve  years  of  age,  in  company  with  his 
uncle,  Major  Griffith  Williams  of  the  Royal  Artil- 
lery, joined  General  Burgoyne's  army  in  North 
America,  and  carried  the  flag  of  truce  to  the  enemy's 
camp  on  the  surrender  at  Saratoga.  From  Major 
Griffith  Williams  was  descended  Lieut. -General 
Griffith  Lewis,  C.B.,  the  late  Colonel  Commandant 
of  the  Royal  Engineers. 

Note. — Dolmelynllyn,  situate  in  the  romantic  vale 
of  the  Maw,  one  of  the  most  ancient  residences  in  the 
county,  formerly  belonging  to  the  Vaughans  (see 
Vaughan  of  Dolmelynllyn),  has  been  considerably  en- 
larged within  the  last  few  years.  Within  the  grounds 
is  the  well-known  waterfall  called  "Rhaiadr  Du" — 
"the  black  cascade." 

WILLIAMS,  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Vronwniou,  Meri- 
onethshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  , 
served  the  office  of  High  Sheriff  for  the 
same  county  in   1864-5  ;  son  of  the  late 
Ellis  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Dolgelley,  merchant 
b.  at  Dolgelly,  in  July,  1791  ;  ed.  at  Shrews 


bury  School;  m.,  1825,  Margaret,  eldest 
daughter  of  Griffith  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Bryn- 
tirion,  Dolgelley;  has  issue  5  sons  (one 
dead)  and  5  daughters  (one  dead). 

Heir:  The  Rev.  Ellis  Osborne  Wil- 
liams, M.A.,  Vicar  of  Pwllheli. 
Residence:  Vronwnion,  Dolgelley. 
Arms :  (Not  sent). 
Motto :  Gwell  gwerth  na  gwawd. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  its  lineage  from  the 
Owens  of  Pantffylip,  in  the  county  of 
Merioneth. 

Note. — The  present  mansion  of  Vronwnion, 
modern  Gothic,  was  built  in  1824. 

WILLIAMS,  Mrs.,  of  Deudraeth  Castle,  Merio- 
nethshire. 

Annie  Louisa  Loveday,  widow  of  the  late 
David  Williams,  Esq.,  who  was  in  1868 
elected  M.P.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth,  was 
a  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  two  cos.  of 
Merioneth  and  Carnarvon,  and  had  served 
the  office  of  Sheriff  for  both  counties 
(1861-2),  and  d.  1869  ;  is  dau.  of  the  late 
William  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Peniarthucha, 
in  the  co.  of  Merioneth,  Barrister-at-law ; 
was  m.  to  the  late  Mr.  Williams,  1841  ; 
s.  at  his  decease,  i5th  Dec.,  1869;  has 
issue  5  sons  and  7  daus. ;  eld.  dau. 
Angharad,  m.  1872. 

Heir  (of  entailed  estates)  :    Arthur  Osmond, 
second  son. 

Residence:  Deudraeth  Castle. 
Arms :  (Not  sent). 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Satthons 
of  Saethon,  in  Lleyn.  The  last  owner  descended 
from  the  Saethons  was  David  Williams,  Esq., 
father  of  the  late  D.  Williams,  Esq.,  M.P.  For 
upwards  of  a  century  after  the  civil  wars  the 
Saethons  and  Devereuxs  held  the  property  jointly, 
and  were  connected  by  intermarriages.  Two  of 
the  latter  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  for  Carnarvon- 
shire in  the  eighteenth  century.  They  were  de- 
scended from  Trahaiarn  Goch,  Lord  of  Lleyn,  and 
were  an  important  family  in  the  seventeenth  century. 
(See  further  Saethons  of  Saethon,  p.  342,  ante.) 

Note. — Near  the  site  of  the  present  house  was  the 
old  castle  of  Castell  Deudraeth  (mentioned  by  Giraldus 
Cambiensis  and  Sir  John  Wynn  of  Gwydir),  which 
was  the  residence  of  some  of  the  sons  of  Owen 
Gwynedd,  Prince  of  North  Wales.  The  foundations 
of  the  old  walls  were  in  existence  early  in  this 
century,  and  within  the  recollection  of  some  old  people 
in  the  neighbourhood.  The  present  castle  (see  en- 
giaving,  p.  664)  was  rebuilt  by  the  late  Mr.  Williams 
in  1850.  On  the  property,  and  near  Castell  Deudraeth, 
is  the  fine  old  Elizabethan  mansion  of  Plasnewydd 
(now  used  as  a  farmhouse),  and  on  an  adjoining  farm 
(Hendre),  part  of  the  same  estate,  is  the  house  where 
Bishop  Humphreys  was  born. 


712 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


WYNN,  Hon.  Charles  Henry,  of  Bhiig,   Merio- 
nethshire. 

Second  son  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  New- 
borough  of  Glynllivon  Park,  J.  P.  and  D.  L. 
for  the  co.  of  Carnarvon,  by  Frances  Mary 
(ti.  1857),  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Walter  de 
Winton,  of  Hay  Castle,  co.  of  Brecon ;  b. 
April  22nd,  1847,  at  Glynllivon  Park  ;  ed. 
privately  ;  succ.  to  the  Rhug  estate  1859, 
by  the  will  of  Sir  Robert  Williams  Vaughan 
Bart.,  of  Rhilg  and  Nannau  ;  is  unm. 

Residence:  Rhug,  near  Corwen. 

Town  Address  :  Junior  Carlton  Club, 
Pall  Mall. 

Crests  :  A  boar's  head,  couped  ppr.  ; 
a  dexter  arm  embowed  armoured,  hold- 
ing a  fleur-de-lis  or. 

Motto :  Suaviter  in  modo,  fortiter  in 


re. 


LINEAGE. 


For  the  genealogy  of  the  ancient  family 
of  which  Mr.  Wynn  of  Rhug  is  a  mem- 
ber, see  Neivboroiigh,  Lord,  of  Glynllifon, 
Cam. 


WYNNE,  William  Watkin  Edward,  Esq.,  of 
Peniarth,  Merionethshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth ; 
M.P.  for  that  co.  from  1852  to  1865,  and 
Sheriff  1867  ;  son  of  the  late  William 
Wynne,  Esq.  (see  Lineage) ;  b.  23rd  Dec., 
1801;  ed.  at  Westminster  School  and  Ox- 
ford; m,  8th  May,  1839,  Mary,  2nd  of 
the  three  daus.  and  co-heiresses  of  the 
late  Robert  Aglionby  Slaney,  Esq.,  of 
Walford  Manor  and  Hatton  Grange,  co. 
of  Salop,  M.P.  for  Shrewsbury,  and  by 
her  has  issue — 

WILLIAM  ROBERT  MAURICE,  b.  15111 
February,  1840;  M.P.  for  the  co.  of 
Merioneth  from  1865  to  1868  ;  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Mer. 

Owen  Slaney,  b.  i7th  October,  1842, 
A.M.  ofCh.  Ch.,  Oxford. 

Heir  :  WILLIAM  ROBERT  MAURICE  WYNNE. 
Residence:  Peniarth,  Merionethshire. 
Town  Address  :  Carlton  and  University  Clubs. 
Arms:  Ermine,  on  a  saltire  gu. ,  a  crescent  or. 
Crest:  On  a  chapeau,  a  boar  passant  arg. 
Mottoes :  Virtus  unica  nobilitas  ;  and  over  the 
crest,  "Tylwyth  Eignion." 

LINEAGE. 

The  Wynnes  of  Peniarth  are  cadets  of  the 
Wynnes  of  Glyn,  who  derived,  with  the  Vaughans 
of  Cors-y-gedol,  Yales  of  Plas-yn-Yale,  and 


Rogers  Wynns  of  Bryn-tangor,  from  DOMINUS 
OTHO,  supposed  to  have  been  of  the  family  of  the 
Gherhardini  of  Florence,  who,  proceeding  to 
Normandy,  and  thence  in  1057  to  England, 
acquired,  through  the  favour  of  EDWARD  THE 
CONFESSOR,  immense  possessions  in  the  latter 
country.  These  devolved  on  his  son,  WALTER 
FITZ  OTHO,  castellan  of  Windsor  Castle,  who  m. 
Gwladys,  dau.  of  Rhiwallon,  brother  of  Bleddyn 
ap  Cynfyn,  King  of  Powys  ;  and  his  son,  GERALD 
FITZ  WALTER  DE  WINDSOR,  constable  of  the 
castle  of  Pembroke,  living  in  1108,  m.  Nesta, 
dau.  of  Rhys  ap  Tudor,  Prince  of  South  Wales, 
by  whom  he  had  issue  three  sons, — 

1.  MAURICE,  his  heir. 

2.  William,  ancestor  of  the  families  of  Carew, 
Grace,   Fitzmaurices,   Marquesses  of  Lansdowne, 
and  Gerard. 

'  3.  David,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  from  14  Cal. 
Jan.,  1147,  to  about  May,  1176. 

4.  Angharad,  who  m.  William  de  Barry,  father, 
by  her,  of  the  celebrated  Giraldus  de  Barry,  styled 
Cambrensis. 

The  eldest  son, — 

MAURICE  FITZGERALD,  patriarch  of  the  Irish 
Geraldines,  accompanied  Richard  Strongbow,  Earl 
of  Striguil,  near  Chepstow,  to  Ireland  in  1168; 
d.  in  1177,  buried  in  the  abbey  of  Grey  Friars, 
Wexford.  By  Alice,  his  wife,  dau.  of  Arnulph, 
4th  son  of  Roger  de  Montgomery,  he  had 
is>ue — 

1.  Gerald     FitzMaurice,     Lord    Justiciary     of 
Ireland,    who   was   summoned   to   parliament    as 
Baron   Offaly   in    1205.    and   d.    the    same    year, 
progenitor  of  the  DUKES  OF  LEINSTER. 

2.  THOMAS  FITZMAURICE,  of  whom  presently. 

3.  Alexander. 

4.  Maurice. 

5.  Nesta,   ;«.   Hervy  de  Marisco,   Constable  of 
Ireland. 

The  second  son, — 

THOMAS  FnzMAURicE,  surnamed  the  Great, 
who  was  a  grantee  by  King  JOHN  of  an  estate  of 
ten  knights'  fees,  and  d.  in  or  before  1215,  m. 
Elinor,  dau.  of  Jordan  de  Marisco,  a  niece  of 
Hervy  de  Marisco,  Constable  of  Ireland.  Their 
son  was — 

JOHN  FiTzTHOMAS,  whosewardshipwas  granted, 
17  King  JOHN,  to  Thomas  FitzAnthony,  the 
king's  seneschal  of  Leinster.  He  was  of  full  age 
in  1229  ;  grantee  of  Decies  and  Desmond  in  1259; 
and  slain  at  Callan'in  1260.  This  nobleman, 
who  was  founder  of  the  abbey  of  Tralee,  m.  twice : 
1st,  Margery,  dau.  and  sole  h.  of  Thomas  Fitz- 
Anthony, Lord  of  Decies  and  Desmond ;  and 
2ndly,  Honora,  dau.  of  Phelim  O'Connor,  Kerry, 
by  the  latter  of  whom  he  had  three  sons  :  I. 
Gilbert,  ancestor  of  THE  WHITE  KNIGHT;  2. 
John,  ancestor  of  THE  KNIGHT  OF  GLYN  ;  3. 
Maurice,  ancestor  of  THE  KNIGHT  OF  KERRY. 
By  his  first  wife  John  FitzThomas  was  father 
of — 

Maurice  Fitzjohn,  2nd  Lord  of  Decies  and 
Desmond  (slain  with  his  father  in  1260),  father  by 
Joan,  dau.  of  John,  Lord  Cogan,  of  Thomas  Fitz- 
Maurice, 3rd  Lord  Decies  and  Desmond,  who  m. 
Margaret,  dau.  of  Walter  de  Burgo,  son  of  Walter, 
Earl  of  Ulster,  and  was  father  of  Maurice  Fitz- 
Thomas, 4th  Lord  of  Decies  and  Desmond, 
created  by  patent,  dated  27th  August,  1329,  Earl 
of  Desmond,  and  Lord  of  the  Palatine  Regalities 
of  the  co.  of  Kerry. 

John  FitzThomas  is  presumed  to  have  been 
also  father,  by  his  1st  wile,  of — • 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MERIONETHSHIRE. 


7'3 


OSBORN,  frequently  denominated  FitzGerald, 
but  more  commonly  called  by  the  Welsh  heralds 
Wyddd  (the  Irishman),  who  emigrated  from 
Ireland,  his  native  country,  about  the  middle  of 
the  thirteenth  century,  and  obtained,  by  grant, 
marriage,  or  both,  extensive  possessions  in  Merio- 
nethshire, including  the  site  of  the  present  mansion 
of  Cors-y-gedol.  Osbom's  first  place  of  settle- 
ment in  Wales,  it  is  said,  was  Berllys,  said  to  be  a 
contraction  of  Osber-llys,  the  palace  of  Oshorn, 
where  traces  of  fortifications  may  yet  be  seen,  and 
which  is  about  a  mile  from  the  former  place.  This 
patriarch  of  the  Geraldines  of  the  Northern 
Cambrian  Principality  was  assessed  in  the  parish 
of  Llanaber,  co.  of  Merioneth,  towards  a  tax  of  a 
fifteenth  in  1294.  He  had  an  elder  son, — 

CYNRIC  AP  OSBORN,  who,  on  the  division  of 
his  father's  lands,  according  to  the  custom  of 
gavelkind,  then  prevalent  in  Wales,  inherited 
Cors-y-gedol  as  a  portion  of  his  share.  He  was 
father  of — 

LLEWELYN  AP  CYNRIC,  whom.  Nest,  or  Nesta, 
dau.  and  co-h.  of  Griffith  ap  Adda,  of  Dolgoch,  in 
the  parish  of  Towyn,  and  of  Ynys-y-Maengwyn, 
co.  of  -Merioneth,  a  collector  of  the  fifteenth  in 
1294,  raglot  (governor)  of  the  comote  of  Estimaner, 
3  and  7  EDWARD  III.  ;  living  17  EDWARD  III.  ; 
derived  from  Madoc,  son  of  Cadivor  ap  Gwaeth- 
voed,  Lord  of  Cardigan.  By  this  lady  Llewelyn 
had  an  eldest  son, — 

GRIFFITH  AP  LLEWELYN,  of  Cors-y-gedol, 
farmer  of  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  Merioneth,  46 
Edward  III.  ;  sheriff  15  Richard  II. ;  woodwarden 
of  the  comote  of  Estimaner  at  some  period  between 
7th  July,  1382,  and  I2th  October,  1385 ;  d. 
probably  between  291)1  September,  20  Richard  II., 
and  same  day,  I  Henry  IV.  Griffith  ap  Llewelyn 
m.  Efa,  dau.  of  Madoc  ap  Ellis,  of  Cryniarth,  in 
that  co.,  and  sister  and  co-h.  of  Llewelyn  ap 
Madoc,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  1357 — 1375,  derived 
from  Owain  Brogyntyn.  Lord  of  Edeirnion,  seised 
of  Porkington  (Brogyntyn),  co.  Salop,  living  1161 
— 1166,  youngest  son  of  Madoc  ap  Meredith,  last 
Prince  of  Powys.  By  this  lady  he  had  (with  a 
dau.,  Angharad,  wife  of  David  ap  Grono,  of 
Burton,  Flintshire,  who  with  two  daus.,  Efa  and 
Angharad,  were  living 7th October,  4  HENRY  VI.) 
a  son  and  successor, — 

EINION  AP  GRIFFITH,  Esq.,  of  Cors-y-gedol, 
woodwarden  of  the  comote  of  Estimaner  at  one 
time  between  7th  July,  1382,  and  I2th  Oct., 
1385  ;  captain  of  forty  archers  for  the  king  from 
the  co.  of  Merioneth,  10  Richard  II.  ;  living  at 
Michaelmas,  20  Richard  II.  Einion  m.  Tang- 
wystl,  dau.  of  Rydderch  ap  levan  Lloyd,  of 
Gogerddan,  co.  of  Cardigan,  a  distinguished  Welsh 
bard,  and  had  issue — 

1.  lorwerth  ap  Einion,   of  Ynys-y-Maengwyn, 
co.    Merioneth,    farmer   of  the   Ville   of   Towyn 
(lessee   of  the   Crown   dues   or  revenues  'in   that 
district)  at  Michaelmas,  1415. 

2.  IKVAN  Ar  EINION,  of  whom  presently. 

3.  Griffith  ap  Einion,  who,  upon  the  division  of 
his  father's  lands,  under  the  law  of  gavelkind,  s. 
to  Cors-y-gedol.     He  held  the  office  of  woodward 
of   the   comote   of    Ardudwy,   in   Merioneth,    at 
Michaelmas,  140x3,  and  also  in  2  and  3  HENRY  V. 
Griffith  was  progenitor  of,   1st,  the  Vaughans  of 
Cors-y-gedol ;  2nd,  Y ales  of  Plas-yn- Yale  ;  Rogers 
Wynn,  of  Bryntangor  (refer  to  YALE  OF  PLAS-YN- 
YALE). 

I.  Mali,  m.  1st  to  Howel  Sele,  of  Nanney,  now 
Nannau  ;  and  2nd,  to  Owen  ap  Meredith  ap 
Griffith  Vychan,  of  Neuadd-wen,  in  Powysland. 


2.  Tibod,  m.,  1st,  Howel  ap  levan  ap  lorwerth, 
of  Cynllaeth  ;  2nd,  levan  Vychan  ap  levan  Gethin, 
of  Abertanat ;  and  3rd,  Howel  ap  Tudur  ap  Grono. 

The  2nd  son,— 

IEVAN  AP  EINION,  one  of  the  Barons  of  Edeir- 
nion, co.  Merioneth,  appears  as  one  of  the  jurors 
in  an  inquisition  held  at  Bala,  6th  October,  1427. 
He  /«.  Angharad,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  David  ap  y 
Gwyn  Llwyd,  Baron  of  Hendwr-jn-Edeimion  in 
that  shire,  and  had  issue — 

1.  DAVID  AP  IEVAN  AP  EINION,  "gentilman," 
who  was  appointed,  during  the  ascendency  of  the 
house  of  Lancaster,   Constable   of  the   castle   of 
Harlech.    He  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of  John  Puleston, 
of  Emral,  in  Flintshire,  and  left  issue. 

2.  RHYS,  of  whom  presently. 

3.  Griffith,    of    Hendwr,    living    in    1461,    m. 
Isabel,  dau.  of  levan  ap  Adda,  of  Pengwem,  in 
Denbighshire,  and  from  this  marriage  derived  the 
house  of  Hendwr. 

4.  Thomas,  living  in  1461,  m.,  and  had  issue. 

5.  John,  living  in  1461. 

1.  Margaret,  m.,    1st,   Madoc  ap  Howel;  and 
2nd,  John  ap  David  Lloyd  ap  Howel,  who  held 
in  farm  the  extent  lands  of  the  Crown  in  Penllyn 
in  1481. 

2.  Mali,    m.    David    ap    Rhys,   5th   Baron   of 
Kymmer-yn-Edeirnion,  co.  of  Merioneth,   of  the 
royal  line  of  Powys,  one  of  the  jurors  in  an  inqui- 
sition held  at  Bala  in  October,  1427  ;  he  was  dead 
25th  October,  23  HENRY  VI.,  1444,  as  appears  by 
his  inquisition,  post  mortem,  taken  8  HENRY  VII. 
(1492-93),    which    was    returned    into    the    Ex- 
chequer of  Caernarvon.        , 

The  2nd  son, — 

RHYS  AP  IEVAN,  whose  name  occurs  upon 
juries  impanelled  in  Merionethshire,  27  and  31 
HENRY  VI.,  in  the  former  of  which  years  he  was 
foreman,  m.  Gwenhwyvar,  only  dau.  and  h.  of 
Howel  Vaughan,  of  Fronoleu,  co.  Carnarvon, 
lineally  descended  from  Owen  Gwynedd,  Sove- 
reign Prince  of  North  Wales,  and  had  two  sons, 
IEVAN  and  Rhydderch.  The  elder, — 

IEVAN  AP  RHYS,  living  4th  March,  1513.  m. 
Laurea,  dau.  and  h.  of  Richard  Bamville,  and  had 
(with  two  daus.,  one  the  wife  of  Morgan  ap 
Robert,  the  other  m.  to  John  ap  Madoc  Vychan) 
a  son  and  successor, — 

JOHN  AP  IEVAN,  Gent.,  of  Glyn,  living  in 
October,  1545.  He  m.  Gwenever,  dau.  and  at 
length  co-h.  of  Griffith  ap  Edneved,  of  Sylvaen,  in 
Merionethshire,  by  whom  (who  was  afterwards 
wife  of  Thomas  ap  Humfrey,  Gent.,  of  Berriew,  co. 
Montgomery,  and  was  living  4th  June,  1578)  he 
had,  with  two  daus.,  one  son, — - 

ROBERT  WYNNE  AP  JOHN,  Gent.,  of  Glyn, 
who  m .,  about  the  year  1544,  Katherine,  dau.  of 
Ellis  ap  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Clenenney,  Carnarvon- 
shire, Sheriff  of  Merionethshire  1541,  and  had 
two  sons  and  three  daus.  Robert  Wynne  ap  John 
was  living  23rd  April,  1592.  His  elder  son  and 
successor, — 

MAURICE  AP  ROBERT  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Glyn, 
m.,  1st,  about  the  year  1588,  Marselie,  dau.  of 
Cadwalader,  one  of  the  younger  sons  of  Meredith 
ap  Evan  ap  Robert,  Esq.,  of  Gwydir,  and  had 
one  son,  Cadwalader,  who  d.  before  his  father, 
s.  p.  ;  he  m.,  2ndly,  Agnes,  dau.  of  Robert 
ap  Richard,  Gent.,  of  Llecheiddior,  in  Carnarvon- 
shire, by  whom  (who  was  b.  1557,  and  d.  1623)  he 
had  two  sons  and  three  daus.  Mr.  Wynn  was 
living  gth  February,  1609-10,  but  d.  l6th  April, 
1611.  He  was  succ.  by  his  eldest  surviving 
son, — 


7H 


MERIONETHSHIRE. 


WILLIAM  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Glyn,  High  Sheriff 
for  Merionethshire  in  1618  and  1637,  who  d. 
December,  1658.  He  m.  Katherine,  eldest  child 
of  William  Lewis  Anwyl,  Esq.,  of  Park,  co. 
Merioneth,  by  whom  (who  d.  23rd  February, 
1638-9)  he  had  issue,  with  six  younger  sons  and 
four  daus.,  an  eldest  and  a  2nd  son,  viz., — 

1.  ROBERT. 

2.  Maurice,  of  Moel-y-Glo,   Sheriff  for  Merio- 
nethshire in  1671,  who  m.  Jane,  dau.  and  h.   of 
Griffith  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Maesyneuadd,  ancestor  by 
her  of  the  WYNNES,  by  change  of  name  NANNEYS 
OF  MAESYNEUADD. 

The  eldest  son, — 

ROBERT  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Glyn,  High  Sheriff 
of  Merionethshire  1657  and  in  1669,  m.  in  1625, 
when  he  was  a  mere  child,  Katherine,  eldest 
dau.  and  h.  of  Robert  Owen,  Esq. ,  of  Ystymke^id, 
co.  Carnarvon,  by  whom  (who  d.  1675)  he  had 
issue — 

1.  OWEN  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Glyn  and  Ystym- 
kegid,   Sheriff  of  Merionethshire  1674,  of  Flint- 
shire 1675,  and  of  Carnarvonshire  1676,  who  m. 
Elizabeth,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Robert  Mostyn,  Esq., 
of    Nant,    in   Flintshire,    $th   son   of  Sir   Roger 
Mostyn,  Knt.,  of  Mostyn,  and  had  two  daus. — 

(1)  Margaret  Wynne,  h.  of  Glyn,  Ystymkegid, 
and  the  other  estates  of  her  family,  b.  7th  June, 
1663;    m.,  in   1683,   Sir   Robert  Owen,  Knt.,  of 
Porkington,  in  Shropshire,  and  Clenenney,  Car- 
narvonshire, M.P.  for  the  co.  of  Merioneth  (see 
ORMSBY  GORE). 

(2)  Catherine,    b.    \yh   August,    1664;   m.   to 
Peter  Pennant,  Esq.,  of  Bichton,  co.  Flint,  and  d. 
in  December,  1700. 

2.  Ellis,  d.  unm.  28th  January,  1691,  aged  52. 

3.  Robert,  d.  s.  p. 

4.  WILLIAM,  of  whom  presently. 

1.  Jane,  b.  in  1643  ;  m.  Ellis  Brynkir,  Gent.,  of 
Brynkir,  co.  Carnarvon. 

2.  Anne,  m.  to  Rees  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Cynon, 
co.  Montgomery,  who  d.  in  1688. 

3.  Frances,  d.  unm.  29th  October,  1675. 
The  4th  son, — 

WILLIAM  WYNNE,  Esq.,  m.  his  cousin,  Eliza- 
beth, only  child  and  h.  of  Maurice  Jones,  of  Wern, 
and  Frances  Wynne,  his  wife,  by  whom  (who  d. 
1715)  he  had — 

WILLIAM,  his  heir.    • 

Catherine  m.,  1st,  Owen  Owens,  Esq.,  of  Cefn, 
co.  Carnarvon,  who  d.  in  1712;  2ndly,  Griffith 
Jones  ;  and  3rdly,  Edward  Nanney. 

Frances  d.  unm.  in  March,  1 700. 

Mr.  Wynne,  High  Sheriff  of  Carnarvonshire 
1686,  was  s.  at  his  decease,  January,  1701  or 
1702,  by  his  only  son,— 

WILLIAM  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Wem,  b.  about 
the  year  1685,  who  m.,  1706,  Catherine  Goodman, 
h.  of  Elernion,  co.  Carnarvon,  only  dau.  of  Gabriel 
Goodman,  of  Beaumaris,  merchant,  by  Elizabeth 
his  wife,  one  of  the  daus.  of  William  Glynne, 
Esq.,  of  Eleirnion.  By  her  (who*/.  1743)  he  had — 

WILLIAM. 

Elizabeth,  »*.,  27th  October,  1732,  the  Rev. 
Richard  Nanney,  of  Cefndeuddwr,  in  Merioneth- 
shire. 

Catherine,  m.,  6th  November,  1738,  Francis 
Lloyd,  of  Monachdy,  Anglesey,  Sheriff  for  that 
co.  in  1761. 

Mr.  Wynne,  High  Sheriff  for  Carnarvonshire  in 
1718,  d.  1721,  and  was  succ.  by  his  only  son, — 

WILLIAM  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Wern,  b.  1708, 
High  Sheriff  for  Carnarvonshire  in  I735>  am'  °^ 


Merionethshire  in  1750,  who  m.,  June,  I744> 
Ellinor,  dau.  and  at  length  heiress  of  the  Rev. 
Griffith  Williams,  of  Llandegwning  and  Aberkin, 
in  Carnarvonshire.  By  her  (who  m.,  2ndly,  Evan 
Evans,  Esq.,  of  Penbryn,  in  the  same -co.,  and  d. 
1804)  he  had  an  only  son,  and  successor  at  his 
decease,  I3th  April,  1766,  viz., — 

WILLIAM  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Wern,  b.  1745, 
who  m.,  December,  1771,  Jane,  eldest  dau.  and 
sole  h.  of  Edward  Williams,  Esq.  (a  younger  son 
of  John  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Bodelwyddan,  Flint- 
shire, one  of  the  sons  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
William  Williams,  Bart.,  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons  in  the  reign  of  King  CHARLES  II.),  of 
Peniarth,  in  Merionethshire,  by  Jane,  Viscountess 
Dowager  Bulkeley,  his  wife,  and  had  issue — 

WILLIAM,  his  heir. 

Richard-Owen,  m.  Miss  Sarah  Pearce,  by  whom 
he  had  an  only  dau.,  who  d.  young.  He  d.  in 
1821. 

Jane,  m.,  in  1798,  John  Hornby,  Esq.,  of  The 
Hook,  in  Hampshire. 

Elizabeth,  m.  Charles-James  Apperley, Esq.,  and 
d.  1834. 

Mr.  Wynne,  High  Sheriff  for  Merionethshire 
1772,  and  of  Montgomeryshire  in  the  following 
year,  d.  2Oth  July,  1796,  and  was  succ.  by  his 
eldest  son, — 

WILLIAM  WYNNE,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth,  *.  igth 
September,  1774;  m.,  3Oth  November,  1800, 
Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  and  co-h.  of  the  Rev. 
Philip  Puleston,  D.D.,  of  Pickhill  Hall,  in 
Denbighshire,  by  Annabella  his  wife,  eldest  dau. 
of  Richard  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Penbedw,  in  the 
same  co.,  youngest  brother  of  the  1st  Sir  Watkin- 
Williams- Wynne,  Bart.  By  this  lady  (who  d, 
l6th  June,  1822)  Mr.  Wynne  had  issue — 

WILLIAM- WATKIN-EDWARD,  the  present  repre- 
sentative. 

Philip-Puleston,  b.  March,  1803  ;  d.  I5th  Aug., 
1838,  unm. 

Richard-Owen,  b.  March,  1804  ;  d.  1st  January, 
1832,  unm. 

Thomas-Arthur,  b.  1812 ;  d.  1821. 

Elizabeth-Annabella,  »/.,  1823,  William-Pierre- 
pont  Gardiner,  Esq.,  son  of  the  Rev.  Frederick 
Gardiner,  of  Combe  Hay,  co.  Somerset,  and  d, 
1826. 

Ellinor,  m.,  1823,  Richard  Burton-Phillipson, 
Esq.,  2nd  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Burton-Phillip- 
son,  of  Herringswell,  in  Suffolk. 

Emma-Charlotte,  d.  I3th  September,  1819. 

Jane-Sydney  (twin  with  Emma-Charlotte),  m., 
3rd  November,  1840,  Joseph  Gill,  Esq.,  of  Baildon, 
co.  York. 

Harriet-Anne,  »:.,  in  1828,  Richard-Owen 
Powell,  Esq.,  only  brother  of  William-Edward 
Powell,  Esq. ,  of  Nanteos,  co.  Cardigan. 

Augusta-Frances,  m. ,  28th  April,  1840,  George- 
Jonathan  Scott,  Esq.,  of  Betton  Strange,  in  Shrop- 
shire, and  Peniarth-ucha,  Merionethshire. 

Mr.  Wynne  was  Sheriff  for  Merionethshire  in 
1812,  and  d.  8th  February,  1834. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Peniarth  (see  engraving, 
p.  652)  is  a  large  and  substantial  erection  of  brick  and 
stone,  the  oldest  part  remaining  having  been  built  in 
1700.  On  the  estate  is  the  manor-house  of  the 
ancient  manor  of  Tal-y-bont,  giving  its  name  to  the 
hundred  of  Talybont,  in  which  it  is  situated.  Prince 
Llewelyn  ap  Gruffydd  (see  pp.  653 — 671)  and  King 
Edward  I.  each  dates  a  letter  from  this  manor-house, 
which  was  the  property  of  the  Prince  of  North  Wales. 


ANNALS,    &c,    OF    WALES. 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

.(MYNWY.) 

FROM  Myn-wy,  the  ancient  Cymric  name  of  the  "  Monnow "  river,  and  Aber-Afynwy,  the 
name  of  the  confluence  of  that  stream  with  the  Wye,  we  have  got  by  translation  the  English 
name  of  Mon-mouth,  the  mouth,  or  aber,  of  the  Monnow,  as  first  the  name  of  the  site,  then 
of  the  town,  and  next  of  the  county.  Some  have  conjectured  that  the  root  Man  is  the  same 
as  mawn,  turf  or  "  peat,"  while  wy  is  known  to  mean  water,  and  that  the  original  compound 
expresses,  therefore,  the  character  of  a  stream  beginning  its  course  in  a  peaty  region. 


SECTION  I.— PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

This  county  takes  the  general  form  of  a  nearly  equilateral  parallelogram,  one  side 
being  on  the  Severn  estuary,  the  eastern  side  on  the  Wye  and  Monnow,  the  northern  on 
the  Monnow  and  part  of  Breconshire,  and  the  western  on  Glamorganshire.  It  is  included 
in  the  ancient  cantrefs  of  Gwent  Uwch-Coed,  Gwent  Is-coed,  and  Gwent-llwg,  but  does  not 
contain  the  whole  of  those  cantrefs.  Its  greatest  length  from  a  point  in  the  Black 
Mountains  on  the  north  to  the  GoldclifF  headland  on  the  south  is  thirty-one  miles ;  its 
greatest  breadth  from  the  point  where  the  Wye  enters  the  county,  near  Monmouth,  to  the 
banks  of  the  Rhymney,  near  Tredegar,  is  twenty-eight  miles.  The  superficial  measurement 
is  496  square  miles,  or  368,399  acres,  three-fourths  of  which  may  be  considered  under 
cultivation,  or  covered  with  rich  woodland.  The  population  of  late  years,  through  the 
increase  in  mining  and  manufacture,  and  the  frequent  settlement  of  families  of  position, 
attracted  by  the  scenery  of  the  Wye  and  the  Usk  valleys,  has  exhibited  a  rapid  advance. 

Total   population   of  Monmouthshire   in   1801  ...  ...       45,582. 

„  „  1831  ...       98,200. 

„  „  1841  ...     134,355- 

1851  ...     184,449. 

1861  ...     174,633. 

,,  1871  ...     I95.39I- 

In  1861  the  county  contained  33,077  inhabited  houses,  2,021  uninhabited,  and  226  in 
course  of  erection;  in  1871,  35,488  inhabited,  1,668  uninhabited,  and  201  in  course  of 


7i6 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


erection.  It  will  be  observed  that  in  the  present  century  the  population  has  increased  more 
than  fourfold.  In  the  two  decenniads  between  1831  and  1851  the  stimulus  given  to 
population  by  the  growth  of  the  coal  and  iron  industries  was  very  marked,  and  increasingly 
progressive;  between  1851  and  1861  a  considerable  relapse  occurred,  but  the  decenniad 
1861 — 1871  more  than  recovered  the  loss. 

Monmouthshire  is  invested  with  every  natural  feature  which  can  render  a  district -rich 
and  beautiful.  It  has  mountains  and  rivers  which,  if  not  on  the  largest  scale,  are  eclipsed 
by  none  in  their  attractiveness.  One  of  its  sides  lies  on  an  estuary  which  has  much  of  the 
appearance  of  a  great  inland  lake,  fringed  on  the  opposite  shore  with  the  woodlands  of 
Gloucestershire  and  Somerset,  and  subject  to  the  remarkable  spring  tides  which  rush  up  the 
Severn  from  the  Bristol  Channel,  rising  at  Newport  to  forty  feet,  and  at  Chepstow  sometimes 
to  sixty  feet— the  highest  tidal  altitude  observed  in  Britain.  The  eastern  side,  along  the 
Wye  and  Monnow,  is  bordered  with  landscapes  unsurpassed  in  richness  of  form  and 
colouring ;  through  the  centre,  from  south  to  north,  runs  the  rapid  Usk  (  Wysg),  hung  on 
either  side  with  garlands  of  luxuriant  vegetation  ;.  and  followed  beyond  Abergavenny, 
where  the  river  makes  a  detour  in  coming  from  Brecknockshire,  we  are  met  by  the  bolder 
magnificence  of  the  Sugar-loaf  and  Skyrrid  Fawr. 


LLANOVER  :   THE  SEAT  OF  THE  RIGHT  HON.  LADY  LLANOVER. 

On  the  Usk,  near  Abergavenn>,  is  Llanover,  the  chief  country  seat  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Lady  Llanover,  and  a  place  which,  through  its  association  with  her  ladyship's  name  as  a 
patron  of  the  literature  and  supporter  of  the  lore  and  traditions  of  her  country,  as  well  as 
with  the  name  of  the  late  Lord  Llanover,  has  acquired  not  only  a  charm  for  the  Welshman's 
ear,  but  a  fame  far  wider  than  the  boundaries  of  Wales. 

In  connection  with  the  genealogical  account  of  the  Llanover  family  (see  Llanover,  The 
Right  Hon.  Lady,  of  Llanover)  will  be  found  copious  notices  of  the  mansion  and  its  pre- 
cincts. The  interior  is  fitted  up  in  the  style  of  the  most  sumptuous  residences ;  it  contains 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION— LLANOVER  ;  LLANRATH.  717 

a  library  of  great  extent  and  value,  comprising  choice  works  in  various  languages,  with  rare 
manuscripts;  and  large  collections  of  precious  works  in  painting  and  statuary.  The 
hospitality  of  Llanover  is  known  to  all.  At  times  the  noble  owner  throws  open  her 
mansion  to  regale  her  guests  with  the  choicest  music  of  Wales,  performed  by  persons  dressed 
in  the  proper  costume  of  the  country,  and  using  no  language  save  the  ancient  speech  of 
the  Cymry.  The  late  illustrious  Baron  Bunsen,  who  married  the  sister  of  Lady  Llanover,  was 
frequently  a  guest  at  this  notable  house,  and  was  known,  like  most  cultured  Germans,  to 
hold  in  high  esteem  the  Cymric  tongue,  as  a  branch  of  the  Celtic  family  of  languages. 

Not  far  from  Llanover,  in  the  fertile  champagne  country  between  Abergavenny  and 
Monmouth,  is  Llanarth,  the  principal  seat  of  John  Arthur  Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  (see 
Herbert  of  Llanart/i),  representative  of  the  elder  branch  of  the  ancient  Herbert  family. 
Llanarth  was  a  very  ancient  Elizabethan  mansion,  with  terraced  gardens,  at  the  bottom  of 
which  flowed  the  river  or  rivulet  of  the  Clawr.  The  old  fabric  was  unfortunately  taken 
down  by  the  grandfather  of  the  present  possessor,  and  its  loss,  as  a  monument  of  antiquity, 
is  to  be  regretted.  The  present  mansion  is  a  striking  specimen  of  modern  architecture,  and 
contains  a  magnificent  suite  of  apartments  filled  with  interesting  family  pictures  and  objects 
of  vertu.  The  cellars  are  the  only  remaining  portion  of  the  ancient  building,  the  walls  of 
which  are  of  such  remarkable  strength  and  thickness  that  a  castle  is  believed  to  have 
originally  stood  upon  the  spot.  The  church,  of  a  very  early  date,  was  formerly  in  the  gift 
of  the  family ;  but  was  disposed  of  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Llandaff  many  years  ago. 
The  living  of  Llansantffraed  still  belongs  to  Mr.  Herbert  of  Llanarth. 

Llanarth  commands  a  splendid  view  of  Pen  y  Val  and  other  mountains  near  Aber- 
gavenny; and  its  park  is  distinguished  by  some  of  the  oldest  and  finest  timber  in  a  county 
famed  for  its  forest  trees.  We  have  already  alluded  to  its  collection  of  family  portraits, 
amongst  which  may  here  be  particularized  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Morgan  of  Penllwyn,  whose  only 
daughter,  Florence,  married  the  heir  of  Llanarth,  and  brought  the  Penllwyn  estate  into 
that  family. 

Mr.  Morgan's  portrait  is  a  whole-length  figure  in  a  buff  jacket,  with  a  sword  pendent 
from  a  sash  across  his  shoulders,  and  a  spear  in  his  right  hand ;  his  head  is  bare,  with  hair 
flowing  as  in  the  costume  of  the  time  of  Charles  I.  At  his  side  stands  a  beautiful  boy  (his 
son)  in  a  red  dress,  who  is  handing  his  helmet  to  him  ;  both  have  large  boots  and  gilt  spurs. 
The  companion  picture  is  that  of  Mrs.  Morgan,  his  wife,  dressed  in  a  black  hood  and  gown 
with  slashed  sleeves ;  sitting  near  her  is  a  figure  of  the  same  boy,  holding  in  one  hand  a 
spear,  and  in  the  other  a  pair  of  lady's  gloves.  These  curious  portraits  were  formerly  on 
panels  in  the  fine  hall  at  Penllwyn,  and  were  brought  from  thence  to  Llanarth  by  the  present 
possessor. 

There  are  portraits  of  Sir  Philip  Jones,  the  gallant  defender  of  Rhaglan  Castle  during  the 
siege  by  Fairfax,  and  of  Lady  Jones,  his  wife.  Another  interesting  portrait  is  that  of  Lady 
Arabella  Fermor,  the  heroine  of  Pope's  "  Rape  of  the  Lock."  She  is  painted  with  the  cross 
to  which  the  well-known  lines  allude, — 

"High  on  her  breast  a  radiant  cross  she  wore, 
Which  Jews  might  kiss,  and  infidels  adore." 

Another  portrait  is  that  of  Lady  Rachel,  daughter  of  William,  second  Duke  of  Devon- 


7iS  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

shire,  and  his  wife  Rachel,  dau.  of  William,  Lord  Russell,  and  sister  of  Wriothesley,  Duke  of 
Bedford,  who  married  Sir  William  Morgan  of  Tredegar.  The  inscription  upon  the  ground 
of  the  portrait  is  "  Lady  Rachel  Cavendish,  a  noted  beauty." 

Tre-Owain,  the  ancient  and  historic  mansion  of  the  Herberts,  now  of  Llanarth,  was  built 
by  the  Welshman  Inigo  Jones,  and  was  originally  a  large  and  splendid  residence ;  but  a 
considerable  part  has  been  taken  down  since  Llanarth  became  the  chief  residence.  The 
number,  size,  height,  decorations  of  the  apartments,  the  grand  staircase  of  solid  oak,  and  a 
fine  screen,  give  striking  evidence  of  the  taste  and  magnificence  of  the  beginning  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  The  front  of  the  house,  faced  with  hewn  stone,  is  distinguished  by  a 
beautiful  porch.  Over  the  entrance  is  a  shield  bearing  the  arms  of  the  family,  containing 
nine  quarterings,  of  which  the  first  are  the  three  lions  rampant  of  the  Herberts. 

Penllwyn  Sarph  is  the  old  seat  of  a  collateral  branch  of  the  Morgan  family,  whose  last 
male  heir  was  Henry  Morgan.  He  died  without  issue  in  1757,  and  left  the  estate  to  his 
sister  Florence  (or  Florens),  who  married  John  Jones,  Esq  ,  of  Llanarth.  The  place,  which 
stands  on  a  height  and  commands  a  magnificent  view,  is  now  used  as  a  farmhouse,  the 
venerable  appearance  of  which  is  much  heightened  by  great  wide-spreading  sycamores,  in 
appearance  coeval  with  the  building.  Though  very  ancient,  it  is  quite  capable  of  restoration 
to  its  original  beauty.  The  name  is  supposed  to  be  Druidical,  and  signifies  "  the  chief 
grove  of  the  serpent."  The  site  was  formerly  surrounded  with  wood,  but  this  was  cut  down 
before  it  was  inherited  by  the  present  possessor. 

Llansantffraed,  also  the  property  of  Mr.  Herbert,  is  more  especially  interesting  as  the 
ancient  seat  of  Tomas  ap  Gwilym,  from  whom  the  Earls  of  Pembroke,  Powis,  and  Carnarvon 
are  descended,  and  the  Dukes  of  Beaufort  by  the  female  line.  Tomas  ap  Gwilym  acquired 
Llansantffraed  in  the  reign  of  Richard  II.,  by  his  marriage  with  Maud,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Morley,  Knt.,  Lord  of  Raglan  Castle.  Tomas  ab  Gwilym  died  in  1438,  and  was  buried  in 
the  church  of  Llansantffraed.  This  church  contains  a  curious  sepulchral  inscription  recording 
his  death  and  that  of  his  successors  to  the  year  1 624.  Llansantffraed  is  still  kept  up,  and  is 
now  the  residence  of  Major  Herbert,  younger  brother  of  Mr.  Herbert  of  Llanarth. 

Of  former  residences  of  the  Herbert  family,  Perth-hir,  which  vied  for  antiquity  with 
Gwernddu,  was  one  of  the  residences  of  Gwylim  ap  Siencyn,  Lord  of  Gwernddu.  His 
grandson,  Hywel  ap  Tomas,  Lord  of  Perth-hir,  was  ancestor  of  the  line  who  resided  at  this 
mansion.  His  son  William  was  the'  first  who  adopted  a  surname  in  conformity  with  the 
English  law,  and  the  fine  patronymic  of  ap  Hyu>d  became  corrupted  into  Powel,  by  which 
name  that  branch  has  been  since  known.  He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Banbury. 

His  lineal  descendant,  John  Powel,  Esq.,  dying  without  issue  male,  the  estate  passed 
into  the  family  of  Lorimer,  one  of  whose  ancestors  had  married  a  Powel  of  Perth-hir.  The 
mansion  was  formerly  surrounded  by  a  moat,  provided  with  two  drawbridges.  It  is  now 
considerably  reduced  from  its  former  size,  and  is  used  as  a  farmhouse.  The  ancient  estates 
of  the  Herberts  were  once  so  large  that  they  stretched  from  Perth-hir  to  near  Ross. 

Troy,  near  Monmouth,  now  the  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  in  this  county,  was 
another  of  the  seats  belonging  to  the  family  of  Herbert.  Tomas  Herbert,  son  of  Sir  Gwylim 
ap  Tomas,  and  brother  of  the  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  resided  at  Troy  and  died  there.  The 
Earl  of  Pembroke's  natural  son  was  called  "  Sir  William  Herbert  of  Troy."  Elizabeth, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  William,  second  Earl  of  Pembroke,  of  the  first  creation,  married 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


719 


Charles  Somerset,  first  Earl  of  Worcester,  by  which  marriage  Troy  came  into  the  possession 
of  the  Somerset  family.  (See  Troy  House;  and  Raglan  Castle.) 

Clytha  House,  the  seat  of  W.  R.  J.  F.  Herbert,  Esq.,  also  in  this  part  of  the  fertile  vale 
of  the  Usk,  and  on  one  of  the  high  roads  from  Abergavenny  to  Monmouth,  is  a  substantial 
mansion  in  an  extensive  park  having  many  fine  trees,  and  entered  by  an  elegant  Gothic 
archway.  Although  the  surface  in  these  parts  is  only  diversified  by  undulations,  these  are 
often  sufficiently  lofty  to  command  prospects  of  considerable  extent ;  from  the  natural 
richness  of  the  soil,  superior  husbandry,  and  tasteful  ornamentation,  the  landscape  is  every- 
where beautiful,  while  at  no  great  distance  the  eye  rests  on  a  grand  amphitheatre  of  hills. 

Pantygoetre  House  (J.  D.  Berrington,  Esq.)  is  in  the  same  vicinity ;  and  nearer  Ponty- 
pool  is  Nantyderry  House,  situated  on  a  gentle  rising,  surrounded  by  a  fertile  and  richly 
wooded  country. 


NANTYDERRY  HOUSE  :    THE  SEAT  OF  THE  REV.  THOMAS  EVANS  (from  a  photograph). 

Goitre  House,  now  the  residence  of  Col.  Byrde,  is  nearer  Abergavenny ;  and  within  a  mile 
of  that  town  is  Coldbrook  Park  (now  occupied  by  Capt.  Standish  Jackson),  once  celebrated  as 
the  home  of  the  Herberts,  and  still  presenting  tokens  of  its  former  greatness  in  an  ample 
park,  magnificent  trees,  and  large  decorated  apartments.  On  the  west  of  the  town  lies 
Llanfoiit  House,  one  of  the  residences  of  the  late  Crawshay  Bailey,  Esq. ;  Llanwenarth 
House  (James  Humfrey,  Esq.) ;  The  Brooks,  the  elegant  new  mansion  of  Charles  J.  Hill, 
Esq.,  J.  P.,  which  lies  in  that  most  delightful  part  of  the  Usk  valley  looking  towards 
Crickhowel.  The  Pentre  (Mrs.  Wheeley)  and  Pentre  Court  (Rev.  Mr.  Wood)  are  prettily 
situated  in  the  same  locality. 

Abergavenny  is  favoured  with  an  investiture  of  magnificent  scenery  combining  every 
element  of  beauty  which  inland  landscape  can  produce.  It  stands  on  a  sharp  bend  of  the  rapid 
Usk.  North  and  west  the  country  becomes  highly  mountainous.  In  different  directions 
the  bold  but  graceful  forms  of  the  Sugar-loaf  (1,760  ft.),  the  rugged  Skirrid,  or  "  Holy 


720 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Mountain,"  and  the  Blorenge  (1,720  ft.),  present  themselves.  From  the  top  of  the  Sugar- 
loaf,  a  position  easily  attainable  by  the  pedestrian,  the  eye  sweeps  the  rich  and  diversified 
rolling  plains  of  Monmouthshire,  the  vale  of  the  Usk,  interspersed  with  plantations,  and 
the  woody  hills  on  its  right  bank  as  far  as  Pontypool ;  and  to  the  north  traverses  a  sublime 
wilderness  of  mountains,  from  the  heights  above  Llanthony  Abbey  to  the  Brecknockshire 
Beacons,  and  the  distant  Fan  of  Carmarthenshire.  Taking  a  wider  range,  the  counties  of 
Salop,  Radnor,  Hereford,  Worcester,  Gloucester,  Somerset,  and  Wilts  come  into  view,  with 
the  broad  estuary  of  the  Severn,  and  the  meandering  line  of  the  Wye.  The  Wrekin  in 
Shropshire,  the  Malvern  and  the  Mendip  Hills,  are  distinctly  visible.  Seldom  is  so  little 
labour  as  is  required  to  mount  the  Skirrid  and  the  Sugar-loaf  rewarded  with  a  spectacle  so 
sublime  and  enchanting. 

The  most  northern  part  of  the  county  consists  of  a  long  narrow  projection,  bearing 


TRILEY  COURT:  THE  RESIDENCE  OF  MRS.  FIELDER  (from  a  pencil  sketch}. 

slightly  westwards  by  north,  and  plunging  into  the  wildest  parts  of  ancient  Brychdniog,  the 
rugged  spurs  of  the  "  Black  Mountains,"  and  the  deep  and  secluded  glens  of  Gronwy  Fawr 
and  Honddu,  in  the  latter  of  which  is  Llanthony  (prop.  Llan-Honddii)  Abbey.  The  defile 
of  Gronwy  is  memorable  for  the  murder,  in  1135,  of  Richard  de  Clare  (see  p.  74).  The 
"  Vale  of  Ewias"  eight  miles  long,  is  universally  admired.  On  the  left  bank  of  the  Honddu 
is  the  church  of  Cwmyoy  ;  and  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Monnow,  the  remains  of  Old 
Castle,  once  the  abode  of  Sir  John  Oldcastle  (Lord  Cobham). 

The  neighbourhood  of  Abergavenny  being  so  rich  in  physical  beauty,  and  redolent  with 
traditions  and  reminiscences— with  the  names  of  Vaughan,  Herbert,  Gam,  and  De  Clare, — 
it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  it  abounds  so  much  in  the  residences  of  persons  of  taste 
and  leisure.  The  Vale  of  Crickhowel,  as  well  as  that  of  the  Usk  below  Abergavenny,  is 
studded  with  them ;  the  road  towards  the  vale  of  the  Honddu,  northwards,  also  brings  to 
view  several  superior  modern  mansions,  besides  the  older  White  House,  and,  notably,  the 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


721 


ancient  and  most  interesting  baronial  hall  of  Llanfihangd  Court,  the  seat  of  the  Hon.  W. 
Powell  Rodney,  which  deserves  mention  as  one  of  the  most  venerable  of  the  mansions  of 
Monmouthshire,  with  grounds,  terraces,  and  interior  quite  characteristic,  an  avenue  of  firs 
among  the  finest  in  the  kingdom,  and  noble  oak  and  chestnut  trees.  Of  its  first  building 
there  remains  no  account,  but  it  is  certain  that  the  south-eastern  part  was  erected  in  the 
year  1559,  by  Rhys  Morgan,  the  then  proprietor  of  the  estate,  who  in  1576  sold  the  property 
to  Nicholas  Arnold,  owner  of  Llanthony  Abbey  and  its  dependencies  by  grant  from 
.  Henry  VIII.  (See  further,  Rodney  of  Llanfihangel  Court.) 

On  a  slope  overlooking  the  valley,  and  not  far  from  Llanfihangel  Court,  is  Triley  Court, 
the  beautiful  residence  of  Mrs.  Fielder. 

In  the  quiet  and  fair  region  between  Abergavenny  and  Monmouth,  and  midway  between 
the  valley  of  the  Usk  and  the  scarcely  less  beautiful  valley  of  the  Monnow,  is  Llan:ilio 


MAI.PAS  COURT:    THE  RESIDENCE  OF  MRS.  PROTHERO  (from  a  photograph). 

Court,  the  residence   of  the  Hon.  J.  F.   Clifford-Butler    (see   Cli/ord-Butler  of  Llantilio 
Court);   and  not  far  from  the  same  neighbourhood  is  Llanfair  Grange  (Mrs.  Little). 

Returning  to  the  valley  of  the  Usk,  and  following  the  downward  course  of  the  stream,  we 
find  in  the  fair  domains  of  Pontypool  and  Usk  a  number  of  seats  of  the  county  gentry,  located 
amid  scenes  as  luxuriant  and  delightful  as  any  the'  eye  wishes  to  dwell  upon.  Pontypool  (a 
local  name,  said  to  be  a  corruption  of  Pont  ap  Hywef)  is  acquiring  the  reputation  of  a  grimy 
place,  but  Pontypool  Park,  the  seat  of  Mrs.  Leigh,  and  John  Capel  Hanbury-Leigh,  Esq. 
(see  Hanbury-Leigh  of  Pontypool  Park),  surrounded  by  fine  timber  and  an  extensive 
demesne,  is  part  of  a  very  different  world.  Bertholcu  House,  Llangibby  (Robert  Bateman, 
Esq.);  Blaenavon  House  (Edward  Kennard,  Esq.);  Abenychan  (Josiah  Richards,  Esq.); 
Llangibby  Castle,  the  old  home  of  the  Williams,  Baronets  (Col.  Thomas  Wickham)  ;  Beech 
Hill  (G.  R.  Greenhow-Relph,  Esq.)  ;  Llantarnam  Abbey  (formerly  the  seat  of  the  Bluetts), 
and  several  other  mansions  of  note,  are  in  this  productive  and  well-cultivated  locality. 


712 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Nearer  the  favoured  neighbourhood  of  Usk  we  find  Cefn-tilla  House,  the  seat  of  Lord 
Raglan;  Plas-newydd  (Major  McDonnell);  Court  Elethin  (G.  W.  Nicholl,  Esq.);  The 
Cottage,  Usk  (the  Dowager  Lady  Blake);  Ty-BritK (Col.  R.  B.  Roden);  Cefn-Ila  (Edward 
Lister,  Esq);  Scyborwen  (J.  Jefferies  Stone,  Esq.),  and  others. 

As  the  road  approaches  Newport,  the  mansion  of  Malpas  Court  is  passed,  standing  on  a 
gentla  slope,  and  embowered  in  a  fine  plantation.     (See  Prothero  of  Malpas  Court.) 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Newport  are  several  principal  seats  of  the  nobility  and 
gentry,  among  which,  by  reason  both  of  antiquity  and  standing,  the  leading  place  must  be 
assigned  to  Tredegar  Park  (see  Tredegar,  Baron,  of  Tredegar  Park).  The  present  mansion, 
of  the  time  of  Charles  II.,  is  built  of  brick,  in  dimensions  and  arrangement  according  to  a 
magnificent  scale.  The  building  standing  here  in  the  time  of  Leland  (circa  1540)  is  described 
by  that  faithful  topographer  as  " a  very  faire  place  of  stone"  The  park,  which  contains 
noble  specimens  of  timber,  is  in  parts  uninteresting,  almost  desolate  in  expression,  but  on 
the  side  nearest  to  the  Vale  of  Ebbwy  is  picturesque  and  luxuriant.  The  house  contains  some 
noble  suites  of  apartments,  with  paintings  and  statuary  of  great  value,  especially  pictures  of 
past  members  of  this  ancient  family. 


CAERLEON,  MOM. 

Machen,  near  the  Rhymney,  the  western  boundary  of  Monmouthshire,  is  another  mansion 
belonging  to  the  Morgan  family,  usually  occupied  by  one  of  its  cadets.  Beyond  the  stream, 
but  in  Glamorgan,  is  Ruperra,  another  of  their  old  abodes.  (See  Morgan  of  Ruperra  Castle.) 
The  Friars,  adjoining  the  town  of  Newport,  is  the  residence  of  the  Hon.  C.  Octavius  S. 
Morgan,  M.P.,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Morgan  (see  Morgan  of  The  Friars).  Stow 
Hill  (W.  S.  Cartwright,  Esq.)  ;  Bassaleg—  prop.  Maes-aleg  (Rev.  Chancellor  Williams); 
Woodlands  (A.  Homfray,  Esq.)  ;  Bryn-Glas  (Thomas  Cordes,  Esq.) ;  Holly  House  (W. 
Treharne  Rees,  Esq.) ;  Llanfrechfa  Grange  (F.  J.  Mitchell,  Esq.)  ;  and  Waun  Fawr  (Lawrence 
Heyworth,  Esq.),  are  also  in  the  near  neighbourhood  of  Newport ;  while  Tynewydd  (James 
G.  James,  Esq.),  Crumlin  Hall  (H.  M.  Kennard,  Esq.),  and  Farmwood  (Thomas  Gratrex, 
Esq.),  lie  at  various  distances. 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION— CHEPSTOW  ;  MONMOUTH.  723 

The  wide  lowland  tract  lying  between  Newport  and  the  sea,  stretching  east  and  west 
from  the  New  Passage  to  the  mouth  of  the  Rhymney,  and  known  as  the  Caldecot  and 
"  Went-loog  "  levels,  forms  part  of  the  ancient  district  of  Gwe.ntllwg  (see  Hist,  and  Antiq.  of 
Man.).  In  this  district,  on  the  banks  of  the  Usk,  before  Newport.  (Ca&e&Jtaeydf)  had  had 
its  birth  (see  Newport),  was  situated  the  greatest  Roman  city  in  Wales,  Isca  Silurum,  now 
Caerleon,  of  whose  importance  little  now  remains  but  the  indestructible  grandeur  of  the 
natural  scenery  around,  and  fragments  of  walls,  pottery,  and  altars.  (See  Caerleon  under  Hist, 
and  Antiq.  of  Man.)  The  Priory  (John  Edward  Lee,  Esq.) ;  Llamvern  House  (late  Sir  Charles 
J.  Salusbury,  Bart.);  The  Garth  (Trevor  S.  Addams-Williams,  Esq.);  Glen- Usk  (Samuel 
Homfray,  Esq.) ;  Spring  Grove  (Miss  Thomas) ;  Llansoar  (John  James,  Esq.),  and  several 
other  genteel  residences,  are  situated  in  this  eminently  historic  locality. 

When  we  approach  Chepstow  and  the  banks  of  the  Wye,  perhaps  it  can  be  said  with 
truth  that  we  come  to  the  most  beautiful  side  of  this  universally  admired  county.  It  is  the 
part  best  known  both  to  natives  and  tourists,  and  needs  not  to  be  here  described.  These  are 
now  quiet  scenes,  though  in  the  darker  ages  of  the  Church  and  the  State  so  prominent  and 
stirring.  (See  Chepstow  Castle,  Tintern  Abbey,  &c.)  Piercefteld  Park,  the  seat  of  Henry 
Clay,  Esq. ;  Itton  Court  (Mrs.  Curre ;  see  Curre  of  Itton  Court) ;  St.  Pierre  (C.  E.  Lewis, 
Esq.) ;  Crick  (John  Laurence,  Esq.) ;  and  Sedbtiry  Park  (George  Ormerod,  Esq.),  are  found  in 
this  charming  neighbourhood.  From  the  height  of  the  Wind-cliff,  or  of  Lancaut  on  the 
Gloucestershire  side  of  the  Wye,  the  grandeur  of  the  prospect  is  unsurpassable.  Mr.  Coxe, 
the  historian  of  Monmouthshire,  mounted  the  latter  eminence,  and  says,  "  As  I  stood  on 
the  brow  of  this  precipice,  I  looked  down  upon  the  fertile  peninsula  of  Lancaut,  surrounded 
with  rocks  and  forests,  contemplated  the  hanging  woods,  rich  lawns,  and  romantic  cliffs  of 
Piercefield,  the  castle  and  town  of  Chepstow,  and  traced  the  Wye  sweeping  in  true  line  of 
beauty  from  the  Bannagor  Crags  to  its  junction  with  the  Severn.  A  boundless  extent  of 
country  is  seen  in  every  direction  from  this  commanding  eminence,  comprehending  not  less 
than  nine  counties.  I  traced  with  pleasing  satisfaction,  not  unmixed  with  regret,  the  luxuriant 
valleys  and  romantic  hills  of  this  interesting  county ;  but  I  dwelt  with  peculiar  admiration  on 
the  majestic  rampart  [the  Blorenge  range]  which  forms  its  boundary  to  the  west,  and  extends 
in  one  grand  and  broken  outline  from  the  banks  of  the  Severn  to  the  Black  Mountains,"  — 

' '  Where  the  broken  landscape,  by  degrees 
Ascending,  roughens  into  rigid  hills, 
O'er  which  the  Cambrian  mountains,  like  far  clouds 
That  skirt  the  blue  horizon,  dusky  rise." — Thomson. 

The  dwellers  around  Monmouth  claim  for  their  part  not  only  the  respect  due  to  an 
historic  county  town,  but  pre-eminence  in  point  of  physical  beauty.  Many  things  conspire 
to  justify  the  claim.  The  Wye  and  the  Monnow  here  join  ;  the  larger  river  flows  through 
spacious  and  fertile  meads,  while  these  are  terminated  in  all  directions  by  hills  clad  in  the 
richest  luxuriance  and  ever-changing  hues.  Troy  House,  the  residence  in  this  county  of  his 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  (see  Beaufort,  Duke  of,  Troy  House),  is  about  a  mile  from 
Monmouth,  and  on  the  little  stream  Trothy—  whose  name  has  been  corrupted  into  the  more 
euphonic  Troy.  We  are  indebted  to  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  for  several  of  the 
heraldic  and  antiquarian  illustrations  of  this  work,  copied  from  the  Progress  of  his  ancestor, 


724 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


the  first  Duke  of  Beaufort,  through  Wales  in  1684,  and  only  recently  printed  privately.  To 
the  mode  in  which  the  Beaufort  family  became  possessed  of  this  valuable  estate,  allusion 
has  already  been  made  under  the  article  Llanarth.  The  mansion,  surrounded  by  the  richest 
and  sweetest  scenery,  is  said  to  have  been  designed  by  Inigo  Jones,  but  its  magnificence  is 


- 


TROY  HOUSE  :  THE  SEAT  OF  HIS  GRACE  THE  DUKE  OF  BEAUFORT. 

due,  not  to  its  architectural  design,  but  to  its  interior  appointments.  The  elegance  and 
spaciousness  of  the  chief  apartments,  largely  embellished  with  rare  and  costly  paintings  and 
statuary,  and  a  variety  of  curiosities  of  an  antiquarian  kind,  are  greatly  admired.  The  cradle 
of  Henry  V.,  who  was  born  at  Monmouth,  and  the  armour  he  wore  on  the  field  of  Agincourt, 


THE  BEAUFORT  ESCUTCHEON  ( from  the  Beaufort  PROGRESS). 
when  Fluellen,  referring  to  Cressy,  reminds  the  king  of  the  valour  of  his  countrymen, — "  If 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


725 


your  Majestic  is  remembered  of  it,  the  Welshmen  did  goot  service  in  a  garden  where  leeks 
did  grow,  wearing  leeks  in  their  Monmouth  caps,"  are  here  preserved. 

It  may  be  said  that  the  portion  of  the  Wye  bordering  Monmouthshire,  and  a  few  miles 
above  the  town  of  Monmouth,  is  that  which  is  most  sought  after  by  admirers  of  the  pictu- 
resque. The  portion  of  that  river  bounding  Brecknockshire  is  confessedly  fine,  and  its  course 
through  Herefordshire  passes  through  spots  of  much  beauty ;  but  its  glories  grow  and  become 
more  and  more  impressive  as  it  approaches  the  end  of  its  journey.  From  Goodrich  Court 
by  "  Symond's  Yat "  and  the  "  Doward  Rocks  "  to  Monmouth,  and  all  the  way  thence  to 
Chepstow,  its  banks  are  crowded  with  alternate  scenes  of  bold  picturesqueness  and  softly 
clad  comeliness  not  often  equalled  in  our  island. 

The  productiveness  of  this  part  of  Monmouthshire,  owing  to  the  rich  red  sandstone  soil, 
aided  by  the  advanced  agriculture  introduced  of  late  years  by  the  leading  owners  and 
occupiers  of  the  land,  is  very  great.  Green  crops  are  all  but  universal.  The  yield  of 


HENDRE— FRONT  VIEW:  THE  SEAT  OF  JOHN  ALLAN  ROLLS,  ESQ.  (from  a  photograph). 


wheat,  as  in  Herefordshire,  is  heavy.  The  elm  and  the  oak  find  here  their  congenial  home, 
and  grow  to  noble  proportions.  In  old  times  this  was  doubtless  a  region  for  the  Welsh  to 
be  proud  of  possessing,  a  region  which  nothing  but  sturdy  defence  could  have  prevented  the 
Anglo-Saxons  from  snatching  from  their  grasp  ;  and  it  had  been  no  woader  if  Henry  VIII. 
had  more  formally  united  it  to  England  than  he  did.  As  the  case  stands  the  noble  county 
of  Monmouth  remains  in  all  respects  (except  as  it  regards  the  administration  of  justice,  a 
mistaken  popular  notion,  and  the  ill-informed  practice  of  map-makers),  a  part  and  parcel  of 
the  principality  of  Wales.  We  shall  see  further  into  this  point  in  our  historical  and 
antiquarian  section. 

In  the  district  of  Monmouth  are  located  also  Dingestow  Court  (see  Bosanquct  of  Dingcstou' 
Court};  Croft-y-Bwla  (Major  A.  Rolls) ;  Hilston  House  (P.  B.  Hamilton,  Esq.)  ;    The  Hill 

3  B 


726 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


(Capt.  George  G.  Tyler) ;  The  Garth  (Capt.  James  Davies)  ;  and  The  Hendre  (John  Allan 
Rolls,  Esq.),  a  mansion,  of  much  architectural  taste,  and  of  recent  renovation.  Of  this  beauti- 
ful house  we  present  two  views, — the  principal  front  from  a  photograph,  and  the  courtyard 
from  a  lithograph. 

We  have  briefly  described  the  eastern  and  central  drainage  of  the  county  by  the  rivers 
Wye  and  Usk  and  their  tributaries  ;  it  only  remains  to  mention  in  few  words  the  western 
drainage  by  the  Rhymney,  Ebbwy,  and  Sirhowy,  the  first  of  which  also  forms  the  western 
boundary  between  this  county  and  Glamorgan.  It  is  remarkable  that  almost  all  these 
streams,  pursuing  courses  so  diverse,  and  flowing  ultimately  into  the  same  estuary  of  the 
Severn,  take  their  rise  in  the  mountain  system  of  Brecknockshire  and  its  outlying  spurs. 
The  Monnow,  the  Usk,  the  Gronwy,  the  Ebbwy,  the  Sirhowy  (the  two  last-named  running 
together  into  the  Usk  below  Newport),  and  the  Rhymney,  all  set  out  on  their  beneficent 


HENDRE— THE  COURTYARD  (reduced from  a  lithograph}. 


journey  to  water  Monmouthshire,  and,  as  it  turns  out,  to  convey  much  of  the  filth  and 
blackness  of  the  Tartarean  region  of  "  the  hills  "  into  the  all-absorbing  sea,  from  the  north- 
western highlands  lying  beyond  the  limits  of  the  county  of  Monmouth.  Rhymney  has  the 
task  of  fertilizing  the  least  productive  parts  of  this  county,  for  it  runs  through  the  coldest 
tracts  of  the  carboniferous  field ;  whereas  the  Usk  and  the  Monnow  lave  almost  everywhere 
fat  banks  of  the  old  red  sandstone — a  fact  rendered  conspicuous  during  heavy  rains  by  the 
colour  of  the  stream. 

All  the  rivers  of  Monmouthshire,  not  altogether  excepting  the  proud  and  majestic  Wye, 
have  in  the  end  to  drag  their  volume  into  the  sea  through  muddy  and  slimy  channels,  quite 
unworthy  of  the  glory  of  their  previous  career.  The  flats  of  Caldecot  and  Went-loog,  in 
great  measure  the  creations,  doubtless,  of  the  streams  themselves  (like  the  Deltas  of  the 
Nile  and  the  Rhone),  not  only  by  an  almost  dead  level  detain  the  river,  but  for  the  same 


GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALOGY  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE.  727 

reason  detain  the  mud  thrown  into  the  channels  by  the  tide.      Nothing  therefore  but  the 

scouring  action  of  the  powerful  Severn  tides  prevents  the  increase  of  delta  land  along  the 
coast  of  Monmouthshire. 


SECTION  II.— GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALOGY  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

In  almost  every  respect  the  geological  formation  of  this  county  is  the  same  with  that  of 
Glamorgan.  The  two  great  systems  which  divide  between  them  almost  the  whole  area 
of  the  county  are  the  Old  Red  Sandstone  and  the  Carboniferous  ;  the  former  being  by  far 
the  more  extensive,  the  latter  equally  preponderating  in  point  of  mineral  value.  The  two 
are  sharply  separated  from  each  other  by  the  limestone  range  of  hills  commencing  with  the 
Blorenge  Mountain,  west  of  Abergavenny,  and  continuing  thence  in  a  wavy  line  generally 
bearing  south,  leaving  Pontypool  on  its  western  skirt,  then  taking  a  direction  south-west  by 
Machen,  and  crossing  the  Rhymney  into  Glamorganshire.  It  forms  the  dividing  line  between 
the  red  sandstone  lowland  between  Cardiff  and  Whitchurch  and  the  coal  district  of  Caerphilly. 
That  part  of  Monmouthshire  which  lies  between  this  limestone  line  of  hills  and  the  Rhymney, 
enclosing  the  valleys  of  the  Ebbwy,  Sirhowy,  &c.,  contains  the  whole  of  the  coal  and  iron 
works  of  the  county.  Here  lie  Tredegar,  Sirhowy,  Ebbw  Vale,  Victoria,  Beaufort,  Blaenafon, 
Blaenau,  Nantyglo,  Abersychan,  Pontypool,  Risca,  and  other  great  works,  the  mineral 
products  of  which,  owing  to  the  conformation  of  the  valleys  and  the  consequent  concentration 
of  railways,  are  almost  entirely  shipped  at  Newport. 

East  of  the  mineral  field  thus  marked  off  to  the  west,  *'.  e,,  east  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Rhymney,  Pontypool,  and  Abergavenny,  the  whole  of  Monmouthshire,  with  two  or 
three  small  and  curious  exceptions,  is  taken  up  by  the  old  red  sandstone  group,  which  also 
monopolizes  nearly  the  whole  of  Breconshire  and  Herefordshire.  In  one  place  between 
Usk  and  Pontypool  the  power  of  the  old  red  is  broken  by  a  band  of  the  Ludlow  and 
VVenlock  rocks  of  some  two  miles  in  breadth,  and  not  less  than  five  miles  in  length,  or 
from  near  Llangibby  Castle  to  within  a  mile  of  Clytha  House,  including  a  good  part  of  the 
bed  of  the  Usk.  These  earlier  rocks  have  been  forced  up  by  subterranean  pressure,  and 
the  once  superincumbent  sandstone  carried  away  to  the  general  level  of  the  country.  A 
second  instance  of  interference  with  the  monopoly  of  the  old  red  sandstone  is  found  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Chepstow,  where  a  tongue  of  the  carboniferous  limestone  from  the  coal 
basin  of  the  Forest  of  Dean  crosses  the  Wye  into  Monmouthshire,  forming  in  its  course  the 
precipitous  rocks  which,  from  the  Wind-Cliff  to  the  estuary  of  Severn,  present  such  bold  and 
picturesque  fronts.  This  limestone  bed  passes  Caldecot  and  Caerwent,  and  reaches  west- 
ward as  far  as  Magor.  A  fringe  of  new  red  sandstone,  corresponding  with  the  Gloucester- 
shire rocks  opposite,  passes  between  this  limestone  and  the  Severn  margin. 


728  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


SECTION  III.— HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

The  district  now  included  in  the  county  of  Monmouth  was  in  pre-Roman  times  part  of 
the  dominion!  of  the  Silnres;  and  it  is  next  to  certain  that  the  principal  seat  of  that  people, 
when  the  brave  Prince  Caractacus  proved  so  formidable  an  opponent  of  the  Romans,  was  at 
Caerwent  (Yenta  Silurum),  in  this  county.  Whatever  the  importance  of  the  Silurian  metro- 
polis at  that  period,  few  signs  of  it  now  survive  beyond  crumbling  walls,  an  occasional 
fragment  of  pottery,  a  carved  stone,  or  inequalities  of  the  ground,  faintly  indicating  founda- 
tions of  buildings,  or  their  mouldering  remains  : — 

"  All  to  the  searching  eyes  of  many  an  age 
Have  offered  but  a  blurred  and  wordless  page  ;  " 

and  these  are  the  remains  of  the  subsequent  Roman  rather  than  of  the  early  British  city. 
Although  the  central  seat  of  the  Silures  may  at  this  particular  time,  or  generally,  have  been 
at  Caerwent,  the  dominion  of  that  distinguished  British  tribe  extended  to  considerable 
distances  east,  west,  and  north,  comprising  nearly  all  Glamorgan,  Brecknock,  Hereford, 
Radnor,  and  parts  of  other  modern  counties.  Its  exact  limits  it  is  impossible  to  determine. 
The  Roman  Silures  is  probably  a  Latin  modification  of  the  British  Ersylfwyr,  "  the  men  of 
Essyllt ; "  but  the  precise  origin  of  that  name  is  not  known.  Gwent  was  doubtless  an  early 
British  name  applied  to  these  parts,  and  is  imitated  by  the  Romans  in  "  Venta  Silurum." 
(See  further,  p.  483,  &c.) 

It  was  about  a  hundred  years  after  the  first  establishment  of  the  Roman  power  in  the 
south  of  Britain  before  the  country  of  the  Silures  was  subdued.  Caractacus  had  been  in 
command  against  the  legions  under  Aulus  Plautius  from  the  beginning  of  that  general's 
operations  against  the  southern  Trinobantes.  In  A.D.  50,  Plautius  was  succeeded  by  the 
great  commander,  Publius  Ostoritts  Scapula,  who  with  great  energy  pushed  on  the  conquest 
of  the  southern  and  central  parts  of  the  island,  penetrating  as  far  as  Yorkshire,  but  there 
was  arrested  in  his  progress  by  the  news  of  the  revolt  of  the  Silures  under  Caractacus. 

Of  all  the  tribes  of  Britain,  the  Silures  proved  the  most  fierce  and  formidable  foes  of  the 
Romans,  and  much  of  their  power  and  success  unquestionably  arose  from  the  sublime  genius 
of  their  great  commander.  Caractacus  for  nine  long  and  harassing  years  kept  in  check  the 
best  legions  of  Rome,  numbering  under  Plautius  30,000  men;  fought  with  them  between 
thirty  and  forty  battles,  many  of  which  ended  in  favour  of  the  patriots;  and  was  only  over- 
come in  the  last  struggle  as  by  a  hair-breadth  of  advantage.  Caer-Caradoc,  in  Shropshire,  is 
supposed  to  have  been  the  scene  of  this  disastrous  conflict.  Tacitus,  whose  portraiture  of 
the  British  chief  is  that  of  a  man  of  the  loftiest  character  and  most  commanding  ability,  tells 
us  (Annal.,  xii.,  34)  that  Caractacus,  before  the  battle,  harangued  his  soldiers  in  these 
memorable  words : — "  This  day  must  decide  the  fate  of  Britain.  The  era  of  liberty 
or  eternal  bondage  begins  from  this  hour !  Remember  your  brave  ancestors,  who  drove  the 
great  Cassar  himself  from  these  shores,  and  preserved  their  freedom,  their  property,  and  the 
persons  and  honour  of  their  wives  and  children."  The  Britons  were  ardent  for  the  conflict. 
Ostorius  was  dubious  of  the  result,  so  strong  was  the  position  occupied  by  the  patriot  chief, 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— CAERWENT  ;  CAERLEON.  729 

and  so  numerous  and  disciplined  were  his  troops.  The  signal  for  attack,  however,  after 
some  hesitation  was  given,  and  the  day  decided  for  the  Romans.  Caractacus  was  sent  in 
chains  to  Rome,  where  his  name  was  already  celebrated  as  the  greatest  general  opposed  to 
the  imperial  troops  in  Britain.  "  Curiosity  was  eager,"  says  Tacitus,  "  to  behold  the  heroic 
chieftain  who  for  such  a  length  of  time  made  head  against  a  great  and  powerful  empire." 
Nor  were  they  disappointed  in  the  bearing  of  the  man,  now  no  longer  a  commander,  but  a 
prisoner  in  chains.  His  words  when  brought  before  the  Emperor  Claudius  were  royal 
words :  "  If  to  the  nobility  of  my  birth  and  the  splendour  of  exalted  station  I  had  united 
the  virtues  of  moderation  [careful  self-direction],  Rome  had  beheld  me,  not  a  captive,  but  a 
royal  visitor  and  a  friend.  The  alliance  of  a  prince  descended  from  an  illustrious  line  of 
ancestors,  a  prince  whose  sway  extended  over  many  regions,  would  not  have  been  unworthy 
of  your  choice.  A  reverse  of  fortune  is  now  the  lot  of  Caractacus.  The  event  to  you  is 
glorious — to  me  is  humiliating.  .  .  .  The  ambition  of  Rome  aspires  to  universal 
conquest.  I  stood  at  bay  for  years  ;  had  I  done  otherwise,  where  on  your  part  had  been  the 
glory  of  conquest,  and  where  on  mine  the  honour  of  a  brave  resistance  ?  The  bloody  scene 
will  soon  be  over,  and  the  name  of  Caractacus  will  sink  into  oblivion.  Preserve  my  life, 
and  I  shall  be  to  late  posterity  a  monument  of  Roman  clemency."  The  noble  prince  was 
set  at  liberty ;  but  whether  he  ever  returned  to  Britain  is  not  known. 

At  Caerwent  the  conquerors  planned  and  built  a  Roman  city  with  powerful  walls  and 
defences,  whose  outline  is  still  traceable,  and,  imitating  the  British  name  Gwcnt,  called  it 
"  Venta  Silurum."  The  situation  was  inviting,  being  on  a  gentle  rise  in  the  midst  of  a  plain, 
terminating  at  a  small  distance  north  and  south  in  ranges  of  low  hills.  The  city  bounded 
by  the  walls  appears  to  have  been  in  the  form  of  a  parellelogram,  about  500  yards  long  by 
400  wide.  The  Via  Julia  from  Gloucester  to  South  Wales  ran  through  the  site,  as  does 
now  the  turnpike  road.  Leland,  about  the  year  1540,  visited  the  place,  and  says,  "There 
yet  appeare  pavements  of  old  streates,  and  in  digginge  they  finde  foundations  of  great 
brykes."  As  might  be  supposed,  many  Roman  remains,  as  coins,  tesselated  pavement, 
fragments  of  altars,  stamped  bricks,  &c.,  have  been  discovered.  To  this  day  many  parts  of 
the  walls  stand-  high  above  ground.  According  to  Richard  of  Cirencester,  Caerwent  was 
a  British  city  proper,  but  recent  investigation  proves  at  least  its  occupation  by  the  Romans. 

Some  nine  miles  west  of  Caerwent,  and  on  the  margin  of  the  Usk,  stood  a  still  more 
important  city  of  Roman  Britain,  Isca  Silurum,  now  Caer-leon  (Caer-legionis).  It  went  often 
by  the  designation  "  Isca  [legionis]  secundte  Augustae,"  because  here  was  stationed  the  second 
imperial  legion  which  kept  in  check  the  country  west  of  the  Wye  (Vaga).  Richard  of 
Cirencester  calls  it  "  Isca  Colonise,"  because  it  was  a  city  "  possessed  by  a  Roman  colony," 
and  invested  with  the  rank  of  a  colonia — the  only  one  of  that  dignity  in  Britannia  Secunda, 
or  Wales.  This  spot  competes  with  Caerwent  for  the  honour  of  being  the  seat  of  Caractacus, 
and  doubtless  outshone  the  glory  of  that  city  in  the  later  Roman  period.  It  is  now  a  neat 
but  inconsiderable  hamlet,  to  the  casual  observer  giving  no  tokens  of  ancient  glory  or 
eventful  history,  but  to  all  persons  of  knowledge  and  reading  a  spot  of  surpassing  interest. 
You  cross  a  common  bridge  and  look  around  on  luxuriant  meads  and  hills  clad  in  richest 
verdure,  but  witness  no  colossal  ruins,  no  Corinthian  columns  with  broken  entablature,  no 
strong  and  bastioned  walls  defying  the  hands  of  time.  And  yet  this  is  the  veritable  spot 
where,  sixteen  hundred  years  ago,  the  pomp  and  splendour  of  Rome  itself  were  imitated. 


73° 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


It  was  for  two  or  three  hundred  years  the  fiscal,  military,  and  commercial  depot  for  all  the 
country  to  the  west.  It  was  furnished  with  all  those  appliances  of  luxury  and  tokens  of 
power  and  wealth  in  which,  in  the  degenerate  days  of  the  empire,  the  Romans  so  much 
delighted.  And  we  have  only  to  dig  beneath  the  surface,  as  the  local  antiquaries  have  done, 
to  discover  substantial  proofs  of  the  matter.  Altars  once  smoking  with  sacrifice  to  the 
Roman  deities  have  been  disinterred ;  fragments  of  columns  and  friezes,  of  tesselated 
pavement,  of  baths  and  marble  statuary  ;  articles  of  personal  ornament,  and  of  domestic  use  ; 
weapons  of  offence  and  implements  of  handicraft,  sepulchral  memorials  with  the  actual 
names  of  the  dead,  have  all  been  discovered,  as  witnesses,  silent  but  eloquent,  to  the  people, 
the  religion,  the  industry,  the  power,  which  Caerleon  knew  so  many  ages  ago  !  The  mound 
of  a  "great  tower"  still  remains,  and  there  are  clear  traces  of  the  amphitheatre  in  a  meadow 
adjoining  the  village. 


CAERLEON— THE  ROMAN  AMPHITHEATRE  (now  called  "  Arthur's  Round  Table"}. 


How  impressive  are  the  words  of  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  who  visited  the  place  in  the 
twelfth  century,  when  many  of  the  great  buildings  and  portions  of  the  fortifications  were  still 
standing  !— "  The  city  was  of  undoubted  antiquity,  and  handsomely  built  of  masonry  with 
courses  of  bricks  by  the  Romans.  Many  vestiges  of  its  former  splendour  may  yet  be  seen 
[this  was  nearly  700  years  after  the  Roman  sway  had  terminated  in  Britain],  immense 
palaces,  formerly  ornamented  with  gilded  roofs  in  imitation  of  Roman  magnificence,  raised 
by  the  Roman  princes  and  embellished  with  beautiful  erections ;  a  tower  of  prodigious  size ; 
remarkable  hot  baths  ;  remains  of  temples  and  theatres,  all  enclosed  within  noble  walls,  parts 
of  which  remain  standing.  You  will  find  on  all  sides,  both  within  and  without  the  circuit  of 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :  CAERLEON  ;  ARTHUR.  731 

the  walls,  subterranean  buildings,  aqueducts,  underground  passages,  and  what  I  think  worthy 
of  notice,  stones  contrived  with  wonderful  art  to  transmit  the  heat  insensibly  through  narrow 
lubes  passing  up  the  side  walls.  .  .  .  The  city  is  well  situated  on  the  river  Usk,  navi- 
gable to  the  sea,  adorned  with  woods  and  meadows.  The  Roman  ambassadors  here  received 
their  audience  [referring  to  a  post-Roman  period]  at  the  court  of  the  great  King  Arthur,  and 
here  also  the  Archbishop  Dubricius  [Dyfrig]  ceded  his  honours  to  David  of  Menevia." 

In  the  great  and  solid  city  thus  pictured  to  us  in  the  dim  twilight  midway  between  us 
and  the  Roman  era,  it  is  believed  the  renowned  King  Arthur  ruled,  and  the  time  he 
flourished  is  placed  a  few  generations  only  after  the  Romans  deserted  it.  This  sentiment 
the  Poet  Laureate  embodies  in  his  song,  for  according  to  the  "  Idylls  of  the  King,"  Arthur — 

"  Held  court  at  old  Caerleon  upon  Usk  ;  " 

and  there,  of  course,  had  his  Round  Table  and  his  Knights.  There,  moreover,  we  are  made 
to  see  flitting  the  shadowy  forms  of  Enid,  Vivien,  and  Guinevere,  nor  is  the  sage  but  baffled 
"  Merlin  "  absent. 

How  the  glory  of  Caerleon  departed,  without  a  syllable  in  history  to  tell  the  tale,  it  is 
strange  to  contemplate.  Certain  it  is  that  great  and  many  events  transpired  here  after  the 
Britons  had  recovered  their  independence.  Certain  it  is  that  the  country  was  inhabited  by  a 
numerous  and  now  cultured  race ;  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  they  had  established 
a  kind  of  government.  But  of  all  periods  in  the  history  of  Britain,  whether  as  bearing  upon 
the  fortunes  of  Wales  or  England,  this  is  the  darkest  and  most  perplexing.  Whatever  we 
may  think  of  the  romance  of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  and  the  tales  of  bards  inferior  as  poets 
to  Geoffrey,  nothing  is  more  probable  than  that  Caerleon  continued  for  ages  a  theatre  of 
stirring  events,  and  nothing  contrary  to  authentic  record  lies  in  the  doctrine  that  such  a 
hero-king  as  Arthur,  son  of  Uther  Pendragon,  flourished  in  the  fifth  century,  and  that  Caer- 
leon was  his  seat.  The  fact,  which  is  beyond  question,  that  a  mighty  and  beauteous  city, 
in  an  inhabited  land,  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  the  mart  of  nations,  has  within  the  period  of 
history  perished  out  of  sight,  without  a  memorial  left  of  it,  except  what  can  be  extracted 
from  its  dust,  is  far  more  astounding  and  incredible  than  that  such  a  king  as  Arthur  should 
have  lived,  and  that  he  should  have  performed  many  of  the  exploits  ascribed  to  him. 

The  history  of  Monmouthshire  between  the  age  ascribed  to  Arthur  and  the  conquest  by 
the  Normans  is  involved  in  much  obscurity.  We  hear  occasionally  of  the  existence  of 
Gwent  as  a  separate  princedom  from  Glamorgan,  or  Glewysig;  but  sometimes  the  dis- 
tinction is  lost,  and  the  two  districts  appear  under  one  rule.  We  hear  of  "  Ynyr,  King  of 
Gwent,"  in  the  ninth  century,  and  he  appears  to  have  been  an  authentic  person  whose 
lineage  descends  to  leading  living  families  in  Gwent  and  Glamorgan.  During  the  so-called 
"  Saxon  Heptarchy  "  the  kings  of  Saxon  and  Anglian  blood  who  ruled  over  the  kingdoms 
set  up  in  England  by  the  subjugation  of  the  Britons  of  those  parts  and  their  incorporation 
with  the  conquering  race,  were  in  constant  war  either  with  each  other  or  with  the  still  un- 
subdued Britons  of  Wales,  *'.  <?.,  all  the  inhabitants  to  the  west  of  the  Severn.  Wales  became 
divided  at  the  death  of  Rhodri  the  Great  (after  a  temporary  union)  into  the  three  sovereign- 
ties of  Gwynedd  (North  Wales),  Powys,  and  Deheubarth  (South  Wales),  but  the  last  never 
contained  the  counties  of  Monmouth  and  Glamorgan,  which  always,  either  united  or 
separate,  maintained  a  rule  of  their  own.  Asser  (Qth  cent.)  mentions  two  kings  of  Gwent, 


732 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Brochmael  and  Fernail,  as  seeking  the  protection  of  King  Alfred.  Morgan  Mwynfawr,  after 
whose  name  Glamorgan  was  called  (see  pp.  459,  485,  &c.),  at  times  appears  to  hold  sway  over 
Gwent  as  well  as  Glamorgan,  and  the  latter  princedom  seems  to  have  exercised  a  kind  of 
superiority  over  Gwent  even  when  a  separate  rule  existed.  At  this  time,  however,  the 
English  kings  had  come  to  claim  a  seigniory  over  the  Welsh  princes,  as  we  have  seen  in 
the  case  of  the  quarrel  between  Howel  the  Good  and  Morgan  Hen,  Prince  of  Glamorgan, 
respecting  the  possession  of  Ystrad  Yw,  Ewias,  and  Erging  (now  Archenfield),  when  King 
Edgar  interfered,  and  forbade  Howel  to  seize  those  territories. 

The  Danes,  when  devastating  and  ultimately  conquering  England,  were  not  sparing  of  their 
unwelcome  visits  to  Gwent  and  Glamorgan.     They  frequently  swept  away  the  produce  of  the 


NEWPORT  CASTLE. 

Vale  of  Usk,  coming  thither  only  for  plunder,  and  apparently  never  with  a  view  of  settlement. 
In  the  year  893,  according  to  the  Brut,  "  the  Black  Pagans  "  crossed  the  sea  of  Severn,  and 
committed  great  havoc  in  Gwent,  Glamorgan,  and  Brycheiniog ;  but  Morgan  on  this  occa- 
sion repulsed  them  with  great  slaughter.  The  Annales  Cambria  call  them  "  Normanni," 
and  give  the  date  895.  Canute  himself,  in  the  year  1034,  made  a  descent  upon  Gwent,  and 
obtained  a  victory  over  Rhydderch  ap  lestyn,  the  usurping  prince  of  South  Wales ;  but  no 
further  result  followed. 

The  frequent  Saxon  incursions  into  the  country  west  of  the  Wye  issued  in  no  conquest, 
the  Gwentians  always  holding  their  own  with  various  success.  Under  Edward  the  Confessor, 
Harold  the  Saxon,  afterwards  King  of  England,  obtained  considerable  advantages,  and 
appears  to  have  temporarily  occupied  the  strongholds  of  Chepstow,  Caerwent,  Caerleon,  and 
Monmouth,  and  is  said  to  have  erected  a  palace  fortress  at  Porth-is-coud  (now  "Portskewet"), 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE.  733 

where  he  gave  a  magnificent  entertainment  to  the  king ;  but  the  place  was  soon  after  rased 
to  the  ground  by  the  Welsh,  and  not  a  trace  of  it  remains. 

The  Norman  conquest  of  Gwent  and  Glamorgan  (circa  A.D.  1092-4),  one  of  the 
greatest  events  in  the  history  of  Wales,  has  already  been  in  great  measure  detailed.  (See 
Glamorganshire — Norman  Period.')  With  this  conquest  the  rule  of  the  native  princes  of  the 
district  finally  disappears.  We  do  not  find  that  Fitzhamon  partitioned  much  of  the  country 
of  Gwent — a  term  generally  applying  to  the  country  between  the  rivers  Wye  and  Usk — 
between  his  followers,  as  he  did  Glamorgan  ;  but  it  is  clear  that  his  conquest  included  the 
greater  part  of  what  is  now  called  Monmouthshire  •  and  that  he  retained  as  part  of  his  own 
lordship  the  whole  of  the  level  district  between  the  Taff  and  the  Usk,  including  the  site  of 


PENCOED  CASTLE. 

the  present  Newport,  and,  presumably,  the  famous  city  of  Caerleon.  His  successors,  the 
Earls  of  Gloucester,  were  lords  also  of  this  district.  On  the  decadence  of  Caerleon  the 
Welsh  had  erected  a  fortress  nearer  the  sea,  which  they  called  Castell-Newydd  (the  New 
Castle),  referred  to  by  Giraldus  Cambrensis  (A.D.  1188)  under  the  name  Novus-burgus,  a 
literal  rendering  of  the  Welsh ;  but  the  loosely  translated  name  "  Newport  "  is  of  much  more 
recent  birth. 

At  this  place,  already  a  post  of  strength,  the  Normans  erected  a  castle — one  of  that 
wonderful  series  of  twenty  or  thirty  fortresses  in  this  county  which  rose  under  the  wand  of 
the  Lords  Marchers,  and  to  this  day,  in  their  very  desolation,  attest  the  terribleness  of  the 
struggle  which  for  300  years  the  Normans  maintained  against  the  people  of  Gwent. 

The  building  of  the  castle  whose  ruins  still  survive  at  Newport — a  relic  of  antiquity 
clinging  to  life  amid  the  devouring  operations  of  the  growing  trade  and  commerce  of  that 


734  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

thriving  place— is  attributed  to  Robert,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  natural  son  of  Henry  I.,  and 
son-in-law  and  successor  of  Fitzhamon,  conqueror  and  first  Lord  of  Glamorgan.  In  right 
of  his  wife,  Maude,  Robert  had  acquired  the  lordship  of  Monmouth  as  well  as  Glamorgan — 
a  fact  which  shows  that  Fitzhamon's  lordship  included  great  part  of  Gwent.  This  castle 
passed  in  succession,  along  with  that  of  Cardiff,  through  the  hands  of  the  great  Lords  of 
Glamorgan — the  De  Clares,  Le  Despencers,  Beauchamps,  Nevilles,  and  Herberts. 

Memorials  of  the  same  system  of  martial  and  irresponsible  rule  now  established  in 
Gwent  are  the  castles  of  Pencoed,  near  Magor;  oiPenhow,  Llanfair,  and  Stirgttil,  in  the  hilly 
district  of  Went-wood,  with  which  sometimes  is  confounded  the  castle  of  Chepstow.  The 
ruin  of  Pencoed  Castle  is  very  picturesque  :  its  history  is  almost  a  blank, — even  the  name  of 
its  first  builder  being  unknown. 

On   the  little  stream  which  laves  the  foot  of  ancient  Caerwcnt  and  joins  the  sea  at 


CALDECOT  CASTLE. 

"  Portskewet,"  and  at  the  distance  of  a  mile  from  the  latter,  is  the  extensive  ruin  of  Caldecot 
Castle. 

The  great  forest  of  Went-wood  probably  spreads  itself  as  far  as  the  margin  of  Caldecot 
level,  and  the  little  inlet  at  "  Portskewet" — a  name  which  is  in  all  likelihood  a  corruption 
of  Porth-Is-coed  ("  the  Iscoed  inlet,"  Iscoed  being  the  name  of  the  comot  containing  it)— 
would  need  a  stout  fortress  to  guard  the  interior  possessions  of  the  Lords  Marchers  against 
the  sudden  inroads  of  the  incensed  and  unappeasable  Welsh  from  the  Severn  sea.  Hence 
in  the  defile  at  "  Caldecot " — a  corruption  perhaps  of  Cil-y-coed  ("  the  wood  or  forest 
defile  ") — was  erected  the  powerful  stronghold  of  that  name.  Its  actual  origin  is  not  known, 
nor  can  its  architectural  features  be  made  to  pronounce  decisively  as  to  its  age  or  nationality. 
Several  styles  seem  to  combine  to  give  it  a  perplexing  variety  of  expression,  as  if  Welsh, 
Saxons,  and  Normans  had  all  had  a  hand  through  successive  possessions  in  its  rearing  ;  but 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :  ABERGAVENNY  CASTLE.  735 

the  prevailing  style  is  Norman,  and  the  truth  is  likely  to  be  that  its  age  is  later  than  the 
nth  century,  and  that  strength  rather  than  beauty  or  graceful  symmetry  was  contemplated 
in  its  erection.  The  great  family  of  De  Bohun,  Earls  of  Hereford  and  Constables  of 
England,  for  a  long  time  were  its  possessors,  and  they,  possibly,  were  its  builders.  Not  un- 
frequently,  however,  it  fell  to  other  masters,  as  the  will  of  the  sovereign  determined  ;  for  the 
lease  of  the  liege  was  the  will  of  his  suzerain.  The  first  De  Bohun,  Humphrey,  came  to 
England  with  the  Conqueror ;  his  grandson,  also  named  Humphrey,  married  the  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Milo,  Earl  of  Hereford,  and  thus  came  into  possession  of  the  lordship. 
They  were  created  Earls  of  Hereford  in  1199,  the  second  of  that  title  being  one  of  the 
barons  who  enforced  Magna  Charta,  and  the  first  of  his  line  to  hold  the  office  of  "  High 
Constable  of  England."  The  De  Bohuns  became  extinct  in  1372. 


ABERGAVENNY  CASTLE  (from  a  drawing  by  Birket  Foster.) 

A  lordship  of  great  power  during  the  Norman  feudal  period  in  Monmouthshire  was  that 
of  Abergavenny,  the  lord  of  which  is  usually  styled  in  later  ancient  documents  "  De 
Bergavenny."  This  interesting  town,  surrounded  by  a  display  of  landscape  beauty  seldom 
surpassed,  was  once  strongly  walled,  and  defended  by  a  powerful  castle — the  whole  having 
their  origin  in  the  Lord  Marcher  conquest.  This  lordship  seems  entitled  to  priority  of  date 
over  either  Brecknock  or  Glamorgan,  its  captor  having  lost  no  time  in  acting  upon  the 
royal  licence  to  plunder.  Hameline  de  Baalun,  or  Baladun,  recorded  as  one  of  the  ad- 
venturers who  came  to  the  conquest  of  England  with  William  the  Bastard,  was,  amongst 
others,  commissioned  to  try  his  fortune  on  the  Welsh  borders.  He  subdued  the  district  of 
Over-Went  (the  Welsh  cantref  of  Gwent  Uwch-Coed\  and  established  his  head-quarters  at 
Abergavenny,  where,  like  a  hawk  building  his  nest,  he  planted  his  warlike  fortress.  But  he 
died  almost  immediately  (1090),  and  without  issue,  when  his  nephew,  Brian  de  Wallingford, 


736  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

clutched  the  prey.  All  these  robber  chiefs,  to  compensate,  as  they  thought,  for  their 
cruelty  and  injustice,  founded  priories  and  churches,  and  endowed  masses  to  be  said  for 
their  souls.  Hameline  de  Baladun  founded  a  priory  at  Abergavenny,  and  there  he  was 
buried.  As  peace  amongst  the  robbers  was  never  of  long  continuance,  the  Lords  Marchers 
maintained  among  themselves  almost  incessant  feuds  and  wars ;  and  so  it  happened  that 
one  man's  lordship  to-day  became  another's  to-morrow.  This  was  also  partly  the  result  of 
the  arbitrary  decisions  of  the  sovereign,  from  whom  all  these  unlawfully  gotten  lands  were 
held  in  capite. 

The  castle  of  Abergavenny  was  held  in  succession  by  Walter  of  Gloucester,  Philip  de 
Breos,  William  de  Breos,  the  Cantelupes,  the  Hastings,  Beauchamps.  Philip  and  William 
de  Breos,  father  and  son,  lived  under  the  reigns  of  Henry  II.  and  Richard  I.  The 
Cantelupes  got  in  by  marriage  with  Eva,  the  heiress  of  de  Breos,  and  the  first  of  their  line, 
William,  is  said  to  have  been  summoned  to  Parliament  by  Henry  III.  as  Baron 
de  'Bergavenny,  though  no  record  of  the  fact  appears  to  be  extant,  and  to  have  been  the 
first  who  assumed  this  title.  The  Hastings  began  as  inheritors  of  the  lordship  with  John, 
nephew  of  the  last  Cantelupe,  A.D.  1272.  The  Beauchamps  inherited  by  maternal  descent 
from  the  Hastings,  William  Beauchamp  being  the  first,  A.D.  1392.  Then  came  the 
Nevilles,  in  the  last  of  which  the  title,  Baron  of  Abergavenny,  has  continued  uninterrupted 
since  the  year  1450,  when  Edward  Nevill,  son  of  Ralph,  ist  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  was 
summoned  to  Parliament  as  a  baron  by  writ.  He  inherited  the  barony  of  Abergavenny  by 
marriage  with  Elizabeth,  heiress  of  Robert  Beauchamp,  the  last  baron  of  that  line. 

The  name  of  William  de  Breos,  Lord  of  Abergavenny,  stands  prominently  in  the  darkest 
page  of  history  as  a  man  of  boundless  cruelty  and  duplicity.  We  learn  from  Matthew  Paris 
and  Hollingshed  that,  A.D.  1176,  "William  de  Breause,  having  got  a  great  number  of 
Welshmen  together  into  his  castle,"  under  pretence  of  friendly  consultation,  "  proposed  this 
ordinance  to  be  received  of  them  with  a  corporall  oth,"  that  "  no  traveller  by  the  waie 
amongst  them  should  beare  any  bow  or  other  unlawful  weapon ; "  "  which  oth  when  they 
refused  to  take  because  they  would  not  stand  to  that  ordinance,  he  condemned  them  all 
to  death.  This  deceit  he  used  towards  them  in  revenge  of  the  death  of  his  uncle,  Henry  of 
Hereford,  whom,  upon  Easter  Even  before,  they  had  through  treason  murthered,  and  were 
now  acquitted  with  the  like  againe." — Hollingshed,  ii.,  95.  An  incident  of  the  time  of  Brian 
de  Wallingford,  the  second  Lord  of  Abergavenny,  is  given  at  p.  74.  These  were  times  of 
violence,  unscrupulous  lawlessness,  and  mad  revenge  in  Upper  Gwent,  as,  indeed,  through  the 
whole  of  the  Marches  of  Wales. 

The  fortresses  of  Grosmont,  Skenfrith,  White  Castle,  were  also  defences  of  the  Norman 
conquest  of  Upper  Gwent— the  first  and  second  standing  on  the  river  Monnow,  the  third  at 
half-distance  between  that  river  and  Abergavenny.  Grosmont  Castle  is  an  imposing  and 
picturesque  ruin,  little  known  by  reason  of  its  distant  situation,  but  in  itself,  and  by  reason  of 
the  fair  soenes  by  which  it  is  surrounded,  worthy  of  inspection  and  admiration.  It  is 
regretted  that  a  photograph  of  it  could  not  be  obtained  for  our  pages.  The  position  is  high 
and  commanding,  overhanging  the  Monnow.  The  castle,  which  is  in  the  Gothic  style,  built 
on  the  site  of  an  earlier  one,  is  thought  to  be  of  the  thirteenth  century.  It  was  attacked  by 
Llewelyn,  Prince  of  Wales,  but  not  taken ;  continued  prominent  during  the  wars  of  the 
Marchers ;  and  was  a  favourite  residence  of  the  Earls  of  Lancaster. 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE.  737 

White  Castle  (Castell  Gwyn,  said  to  be  so  called  from  Gwyn  ap  Gwaethfoed)  is  a  great 
ruin,  on  the  crown  of  a  moderately  high  ridge.  It  had  six  irregular  towers — one  between 
50  and  60  feet  high.  The  entrance  is  guarded  by  two  advanced  massive  towers,  with 
portcullis  and  drawbridge,  on  the  usual  plan  of  a  Norman  fortress.  The  moat  has  been 
estimated  at  14  feet  deep  by  between  40  and  70  feet  wide.  The  age  of  this  great  stronghold 
is  unquestionably  early — coeval  with  the  first  conquest  of  Upper  Gwent  It  probably 
originated  with  Brian  de  Wallingford,  or  his  successor,  but  it  is  surprising  how  little  is  known 
of  its  history. 

Llantony  Abbey  (properly  Llan-Honddu  Abbey),  situated  in  the  sequestered  and  beautiful 
mountain  valley  of  the  Honddu,  north  of  Abergavenny,  is  a  ruin  of  considerable  extent. 
Giraldus,  who  visited  the  place  in  1188,  when  its  glory  as  a  religious  house  was  at  its  highest, 
has  bestowed  upon  it  a  long  and  extravagant  panegyric.  "  The  situation  was  truly  celebrated 
for  religion,  and  more  adapted  to  canonical  discipline  than  all  the  monasteries  of  the  British 
isle.  The  monks  sitting  in  their  cloisters,  enjoying  the  fresh  air,  when  they  happen  to  look 
up  towards  the  horizon  behold  the  tops  of  the  mountains  [the  Hatterel  Hills],  as  it  were, 
touching  the  heavens,  and  herds  of  wild  deer  feeding  on  their  summits."  Unintentionally,  the 
picture  he  draws  of  the  internal  life  of  a  monastery,  even  in  so  favoured  a  spot,  is  not 
inviting.  There  had  been  disputing  and  division  and  malversation  in  past  times,  and 
recently  part  of  the  monks  had  schismatically  set  up  a  priory  at  Gloucester,  which  seemed 
to  trouble  the  spirit  of  Giraldus ;  but  he  sees  their  reward.  "  All  the  priors  of  this 
establishment,  who  were  its  enemies,  died  by  divine  visitation.  William,  who  first  despoiled 
the  place  of  its  herds  and  storehouses,  being  deposed  by  the  fraternity,  forfeited  his  right  of 
sepulture  among  the  priors.  Clement  seemed  to  like  this  place  of  study  and  prayer ;  yet, 
after  the  example  of  Heli  the  priest,  as  he  neither  reproved  nor  restrained  his  brethren  from 
plunder  and  other  offences,  he  died  by  a  paralytic  stroke.  And  Roger,  who  was  more  an 
enemy  to  this  place  than  either  of  his  predecessors,  and  openly  carried  away  everything 
which  they  had  left  behind,  wholly  robbing  the  church  of  its  books,  &c.,  was  also  struck 
with  paralysis  long  before  his  death." 

"  A  rival  daughter  sprang  up  at  Gloucester,  under  the  protection  of  Milo,  Earl  of 
Hereford ;  as  if  by  Divine  Providence  [Giraldus  had  singular  notions  of  Providence],  and  the 
merits  of  the  saints  and  prayers  of  those  holy  men  (of  whom  two  lie  buried  before  the  high 
altar),  it  were  destined  that  the  daughter  church  should  be  founded  in  superfluities,  whilst  the 
mother  continued  in  that  laudable  state  of  mediocrity  which  she  had  always  affected  and 
coveted."  Then  we  have  a  passage  whose  rhetoric  is  better  than  its  Christianity.  "  Let  the 
active  therefore  reside  there,  the  contemplative  here ;  there  the  pursuit  of  terrestrial  riches, 
here  the  love  of  the  celestial ;  there  let  them  enjoy  the  concourse  of  men,  here  the  presence 
of  angels ;  there  let  the  powerful  of  this  world  be  entertained,  here  let  the  poor  of  Christ  be 
relieved ;  there,  I  say,  let  human  actions  and  declamations  be  heard,  but  here  let  reading 
and  prayers  be  heard  only  in  whispers ;  there  let  opulence,  the  parent  and  nurse  of  vice, 
increase  with  cares,  here  let  the  virtuous  and  golden  mean  be  all-sufficient,"  &c.,  &c. 

The  abbey  was  of  the  Cistercian  order,  and  was  founded  by  William  de  Lacy,  a  Norman 
knight,  in  1 103,  and  afterwards  largely  endowed  by  Hugh  de  Lacy.  It  is  considered  one  of 
the  earliest  structures  in  England  in  the  Pointed  style.  It  was  suppressed  at  the  dissolution. 
Mr.  Lyne,  under  the  name  of  "  Father  Ignatius,"  has  of  late  been  attempting  to  resuscitate 


738  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

monastic  practices  at  this  place  in  connection  with  the  Church  of  England,  but  with  less 
than  moderate  success. 

Monmouth,  the  Blestium  of  Antoninus's  Itinerary,  became  in  Saxon  times  one  of  the 
posts  of  occupation  of  that  people  after  their  conquest  of  the  parts  between  the  Severn  and 
the  Wye — the  ancient  princedom  of  Feryllwg,  or  Ferlex.  But  there  exists  no  evidence 
that  the  Welsh  did  not  regain  possession  of  this  district,  and  retain  it  till  the  descent  of  the 
Normans.  The  conquest  of  Glamorgan  and  Gwent,  under  Rufus,  by  the  venture  of 
Fitzhamon  and  other  knights,  involved  the  district  of  Monmouth,  and  now,  in  all  probability, 
were  erected  the  fortifications,  whose  remains  in  part  still  continue,  and  whose  outlines  were 


MONMOUTH  BRIDGE,  OVER  THE  MONNOW,  WITH  AN  ANCIENT  CITY  GATE. 

almost  perfect  when  Leland  visited  the  town  in  the  sixteenth  century.  It  then  had  four 
gates  remaining, — Monk's  Gate,  Eastern  Gate,  Wye  Gate,  and  Monnow  Gate.  The  Monnow 
Gate,  shown  in  our  engraving,  is  the  most  perfect  one,  and  the  only  gate  now  existing. 
Monmouth  Castle,  occupying  an  eminence,  is  now  represented  by  a  mere  fraction  of  the 
powerful  fortress  once  proudly  cresting  the  hill,  and  for  several  generations  the  abode 
of  royal  possessors.  Monmouth,  as  appears  from  Domtsday,  was  made  part  of  the  king's 
demesne,  and  "De  Monmouth"  was  afterwards  added  to  the  royal  titles.  Under  Henry  II. 
the  renowned  John  de  Monmouth  was  the  lord  of  the  place,  and  ceded  his  rights  to  Prince 
Edward,  afterwards  Edward  I.,  to  whom  many  of  the  castles  of  Wales  were  given.  (See 
Tomb  of  John  of  Monmouth,  p.  738.) 

Monmouth  continued  in  the  Plantagenet  line  till  it  came  to  John  of  Gaunt,  who 
married  Blanche,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster.  Henry  of  Boling- 
broke,  afterwards  Henry  IV.,  son  of  John  of  Gaunt,  was  next  owner ;  and  here  was  born  his 
distinguished  son,  Henry  V.,  the  hero  of  Agincourt,  called  "  Harry  of  Monmouth,"  and  who 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :  MONMOUTH  IN  1684.  739 

was  proud,  if  Shakspeare  be  true,  after  the  victory  of  that  field,  gained  mainly  by  the  aid  of 
Welshmen,  to  respond  to  the  impetuous  Fluellin, — 

"  I  am  Welsh,  you  know,  good  countryman." 

It  afterwards  came  by  inheritance,  as  part  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  to  Henry  VI., 
on  whose  attainder  it  fell  to  Edward  IV.  William  Herbert,  afterwards  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
received  it  for  a  time,  but  on  his  death  at  Banbury  it  reverted  once  more  to  the  king,  and 
was  part  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster  which  fell  to  the  share  of  Henry  VII.  In  1646  the 
castle  was  garrisoned  for  Charles  I.,  but  was  attacked  and  taken  by  the  Parliament,  since 
which  time  it  has  gradually  fallen  into  decay. 

His  Grace  Henry,  first  Duke  of  Beaufort,  ended  his  lordly  progress  through  Wales  in 
1684  at  Monmouth,  and  his  own  residence  of  Troy  (see  Troy  House).  Some  interesting 
notes  are  found  in  the  Progress,  bearing  upon  the  Monmouth  of  that  day.  Even  then  "  the 
castle  of  Monmouth  had  nothing  to  show  but  the  ruine  of  its  ruines."  "  The  bells  of  the 
church  are  said  to  have  been  brought  out  of  France  by  order  of  Henry  of  Monmouth  in  his 
conquests,  and  say'd  to  be  lettere'd  about  thus  : — JHtBSa  toe  fcelta  camrjana  Bum  ffiafmeliB." 
Respecting  the  tomb  of  John  of  Monmouth  it  is  noted,  "  On  the  right  hand  entering  the 
great  south  door  is  seen  the  monument  of  marble,  anciently  gilt  and  painted,  and  small 
figures  on  the  sides  and  ends,  obscured  by  the  injury  of  the  usurper's  soldiers,  and  now 


TOMB  OF  JOHN  OF  MOXMOUTH — (Beaufort  Progress   1684). 

preserved  by  church  pews  and  seats  erected  near  it.  The  townsmen  say  it  represents  John 
of  Monmouth.  They  show  you  also,  in  an  old  coffer  near  the  chancell,  his  coate  of  maile 
and  gauntlett,  there  being  neither  inscription  nor  arms  on  the  shield  discernible  to  give 
other  light"  (p.  231). 

The  Duke  with  his  cavalcade,  having  lodged  the  night  before  at  Ruperra  Castle,  arrived 
at  Monmouth  on  the  ipth  August  (1684),  "where  the  regiment  of  foot  of  this  county  were 
then  drawn  into  lines,  making  a  guard  from  that  town  even  to  the  walls  of  Troy,  another  mag- 
nificent place  belonging  to  the  Earle  of  Worcester  [son  of  the  Duke,  himself  afterwards  second 
Duke  of  Beaufort],  commander  of  this  regiment,  and  were  not  onely  all  that  accompanied 
his  Grace  through  the  Progress,  the  Deputy  Lieutenants  of  the  Militia  here,  but  a  numerous 
traine  of  Militia  officers  and  gentry  out  of  other  neighbouring  English  counties  were 
splendidly  enterteined  by  the  sayd  noble  Earle.  The  next  day,  company  encreasing,  to  wait 
upon  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  [Lord  President  of  Wales  and  the  Marchers,  we  must  remember, 


740  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

and  representing  the  authority  of  Charles  II.],  ample  enterteinments  "were  repeated  by  the 
Right  Hon.  Charles,  Earle  of  Worcester,  upon  the  same  place,  such  as  anticipate  all  enconium, 
&c.  His  Grace,  accompanied  with  the  Earle  of  Worcester,  Sir  John  Talbot,  —  Aubery, 
Esq.,  and  several  of  the  deputy  lieutenants  of  the  adjoining  counties,  took  a  view  of  the 
Militia  Regiment  of  this  county  of  Monmouth,  when  the  Earle  of  Worcester  at  the  head  of 
it  on  foot,  as  Colonell,  with  his  leading  staff,  saluted  his  Grace,  severall  of  the  principal 
gentry,  as  Sir  John  Talbot,  &c.,  placing  themselves  in  front  of  the  stand  of  pikes,  doublings, 
countermarches,  wheelings,  variety  of  exercise,  and  good  and  close  firings,  were  made ; 
whence  the  Mayor  and  ye  rest  of  the  Magistracy  of  Monmouth  Town,  in  their  formalities, 
invited  his  grace  to  accept  of  the  freedom  of  the  place,  &c." 

"  That  done,  his  grace  with  all  the  gentleman  that  accompanied  him  to  Monmouth  Town 
Hall,  were  collationed  there  with  a  cold  treat,  during  which  the  Militia  Horse,  then  led  by 
Sir  Charles  Kemis,  gave  severall  vollies ;  and  the  troopers  were  treated  as  they  were 
mounted  with  syder  and  ye  noted  Monmouth  ale,  drums  beating,  trumpets  sounding,  and 
bells  ringing,  so  that  each  horse — 

'  Motus  clangore  turbarum, 
Saxa  quatit  pulsa,  rigidos  vexantia  frenos 
Ora  tenens,  spargitque  jubas  et  surrigit  aures,'  &c. ; 

and  from  thence  he  was  reconducted  by  the  Mayor,  his  brether'n  of  Monmouth,  and  county 
troop,  to  Troy" 


SEAL  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  MONMOUTH — 1684  (Beaufort  Progress.} 

So  ended  the  memorable  Progress  of  the  ist  Duke  of  Beaufort  through  Wales  and  the 
Marches,  begun  on  the  izth  of  July.  He  had  started  from  Chelsea,  through  Chipping  Norton 
and  Worcester  city,  and  thence  through  the  counties  of  Salop,  Montgomery,  Denbigh,  Flint, 
Carnarvon,  Anglesey,  Merioneth,  Brecon,  Carmarthen,  Pembroke,  Glamorgan,  and  Mon- 
mouth. He  rode  in  a  chariot  of  state,  and  was  followed  by  a  considerable  retinue  on  horse- 
back. The  progress  was  rapid,  although,  through  the  badness  of  the  roads,  laborious,  and 
the  company  were  royally  entertained  at  chief  mansions  in  the  respective  counties, — such  as 
Powis  Castle;  Chirke  Castle;  Mostyn;  Baron  Hill  (called  then  Beaumaris);  Gwydir; 
Rhiwlas;  Llwydiarth ;  The  Priory,  Brecon;  Golden  Grove;  Margam ;  Keven-Mably ; 
Ruperra  Castle.  The  object  of  the  progress  was  doubtless  to  inspect  the  military  forces  of 
the  counties,  which  in  every  case  were  brought  out  and  paraded  before  the  Lord  President. 
His  Grace  was  accompanied  by  a  scholarly,  rather  pedantic  gentleman,  T.  Dineley,  Esq., 
who  took  notes  of  places  and  things,  interspersing  the  whole  with  learned  and  often  long 
quotations  from  the  classical  authors,  and  various  curious  and  quaint  remarks,  and  notices 
of  churches,  monuments,  castles,  &c.  Clever  sketches  also  were  taken  of  buildings,  arms, 


BEAUFORT  "PROGRESS;"  RAGLAN  CASTLE.  741 

seals,  and  monuments,  but  whether  these  were  by  Mr.  Dinely  or  another  hand  is  not  stated. 
This  valuable  account  had  lain  in  MS.  in  the  archives  of  the  Dukes  of  Beaufort  up  to  the 
year  1864,  when  his  Grace  the  present  Duke  resolved  to  have  it  printed.  It  has,  however,  not 
been  published,  and  only  a  very  limited  number  of  copies  were  struck  off.  The  editing  was 
done  by  Charles  Baker,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  and  the  printing  and  illustrations  are  in  the  most 
artistic  and  tasteful  style.  The  Duke  of  Beaufort  has  most  liberally  and  obligingly  allowed 
the  transference  of  many  of  the  illustrations  of  arms,  monuments,  seals,  and  buildings 
(which  are  unique,  and  could  not  otherwise  be  recovered),  from  the  Progress  to  the  present 
work. 

Henry,  ist  Duke  of  Beaufort,  was  a  man  of  great  talent,  the  son  of  a  man  of  world- wide 
celebrity — that  Marquess  of  Worcester  known  as  the  author  of  A  Century  of  Inventions,  and 
the  grandson  of  that  venerable  soldier  who  made  himself  memorable  by  his  defence,  at  the 
age  of  eighty-four,  of  his  castle  of  Raglan  in  1646.  (See  Beaufort,  Duke  of,  of  Troy  House.} 
The  family  of  Somerset  has  been  foremost  in  the  service  of  the  country  at  home  and  abroad, 
and  in  the  patronage  of  letters,  art,  and  general  culture  for  many  ages.  In  fact,  the  roll  of 
the  nobility  of  England  contains  no  more  illustrious  names. 

The  magnificent  ruin  of  Raglan  Castle,  in  an  undulating  and  fertile  part  of  the  county 
between  Monmouth  and  Usk,  in  many  respects  stands  foremost  among  the  ancient  remains 
of  Britain,  as  Heidelberg  Castle  stands  among  the  castles  of  the  Neckar  and  the  Rhine.  It 
is  not  of  the  extent  of  Caerphilly  or  Carnarvon,  nor  of  the  antiquity  of  Harlech,  Rhuddlan, 
or  Chepstow ;  but  it  is  of  an  age  sufficient  to  make  it  venerable,  and  so  decked  with 
manifold  beauty  of  design  and  execution  as  to  awaken  a  sense  of  boundless  admiration, 
mixed  with  unavoidable  regret  that  a  human  work  so  grand  and  mighty  should  be  lying 
ingloriously  in  the  dust.  It  is  a  satisfaction,  as  the  spectator  wanders  among  the  ruins,  to 
observe  the  care  bestowed  by  the  noble  owner  upon  the  preservation  from  further  decay  of 
this  "storied"  place,  and  the  admirable  intelligence,  the  gentle  sense  of  sympathy  with 
glory  in  ruin,  and  the  skill  which  maintains  permanence  without  any  appearance  of  busy 
"  restoration,"  everywhere  so  visible.  The  Duke  of  Beaufort  deserves  the  thanks  of  all  men, 
of  antiquarians  especially,  for  the  manner  in  which  not  only  the  ruins  of  Raglan,  but  the 
many  relics  of  antiquity  on  his  estates,  are  kept. 

The  first  founding  of  Raglan  Castle  is  not  noted  in  history ;  but  the  spot  on  which 
it  stands  is  known  to  have  been  occupied  by  a  fortress  some  centuries  before  the  present 
castle  in  its  main  parts  was  built.  In  the  thirteenth  century  the  De  Clares  were  owners  of 
Raglan.  It  passed  from  them  to  the  Berkeleys,  who  possessed  it  only  for  a  brief  period.  Next 
after  them,  and  in  the  time  of  Henry  V.,  we  find  it  in  the  hands  of  Sir  William  ap  Thomas,  son 
of  Sir  Thomas  ap  Gwilym  ap  Jenkin  (see  Herbert  of  Llanarth;  Llanarth ;  Llansantjfraed 
&c.).  His  son,  Lord  William  Herbert,  of  Raglan,  afterwards  Earl  of  Pembroke,  had  the 
custody  for  some  time  at  his  castle  of  Raglan  of  the  Earl  of  Richmond,  afterwards  Henry  VII. 
The  last  William  Herbert  of  Raglan  died  without  issue  male,  and  his  estates  passed 
with  his  daughter  and  heiress,  Elizabeth,  to  her  husband,  Sir  Charles  Somerset,  created 
afterwards  Earl  of  Worcester,  who  d.  1526.  The  property  has  ever  since  continued  in  this 
noble  family. 

The  castle  is  said  to  exhibit  a  variety  of  styles,  indicating  progressive  erection,  some 

3  c 


742 


'MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


parts  being  apparently  as  early  as  the  reign  of  Henry  V.,  when  the  possessor  was  the  above- 
named  Sir  William  ap  Thomas,  some  as  late  as  Charles  I.,  and  believed  to  have  been  the 


RAGLAN  CASTLE -THE  GREAT  GATEWAY. 
work  of  its   last  occupant,  the  gallant  Marquess  of  Worcester,  who,  after  a  most  heroic 


RAGLAN  CASTLE— ROY AJ.  APARTMENTS. 


defence,  yielded  it  up  on  honourable  terms  to  the  army  of  the  Parliament  in  1646,  and  died 
in  the  same  year. 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :  RAGLAN  CASTLE. 


743 


The  plan  of  the  castle  includes  two  great  quadrangles,  the  first  entered  by  the  grand 
portcullised  gateway  shown  in  our  first  engraving,  the  second  communicated  with  from  the  first. 


WINDOW  OF  DRAWING-ROOM. 


In  the  range  of  buildings  running  between  these  courtyards  were  the  great  state  apartments, 
the  groined  ceilings,  carved  bosses  and  corbels,  mullioned  windows,  and  elaborate  fireplaces  ot 


RAGLAN  CASTLE,  FROM  THE  MOAT. 

which,  even  now  in  their  desolation,  tell  of  the  elegance  and    splendour  which  surrounded 
the  Lords  of  Raglan  Castle  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.     The  keep,  or  citadel 


744 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


of  this  castle  was  as  remarkable  for  its  massive  proportions  as  the  more  ornate  interior  was 
for  delicacy  of  design  and  artistic  execution.  It  stood  separate  from  the  main  building  on 
the  south  side,  and  was  of  later  date  than  the  greater  portion  of  it ;  the  form  was  that  of  a 
hexagon,  each  of  the  six  sides  measuring  32  feet;  the  walls  were  10  feet  thick  and  five  stories 
high,  built  of  solid  square  stones  of  the  red  sandstone  strata  of  the  country,  the  colour  of 
which  is  said  to  have  occasioned  the  name  by  which  this  enormous  structure  was  known — 
Tier  Melyn  Gwent,  "  the  Yellow  Tower  of  Gwent."  Some,  however,  have  conjectured  that 
the  meaning  is  Twr  Melin  Gwynt,  "  the  Windmill  Tower."  So  powerfully  constructed  was 
the  citadel  that  the  artillery  of  the  Parliamentary  army,  which  only  carried  shot  of  twenty 
pounds,  failed  to  do  much  damage  except  to  its  elegantly  finished  battlements  ;  these,  being 
of  less  thickness  and  solidity,  were  demolished.  Time  has  since  largely  supplemented  the 
work  of  Fairfax's  siege.  The  citadel  was  connected  with  the  castle  by  a  bridge,  powerfully 


KAGLAN  CASTLE -TIIF.  KITCHEN. 


defended  by  lateral  walls,  turrets,  and  -battlements,  and  spanning  a  moat  30  feet  broad,  and 
.  of  great  depth,  which  ran  all  round  the  citadel.  But  even  such  a  place  as  this,  intended  as 
the  last  refuge  in  time  of  siege,  and  so  mightily  planned  and  protected,  was  not  able  to 
shelter  the  aged  marquess,  and  his  garrison  of  800  men  supported  at  his  own  cost,  in 
defence  of  a  failing  cause.  The  army  of  the  Parliament,  commanded  by  the  renowned  Fairfax, 
whose  head-quarters  were  at  Cefn-tilla,  night  and  day  hailed  its  missiles  upon  the  devoted 
fabric,  all  supplies  were  cut  off,  a  breach  was  effected  in  the  eastern  curtain,  drawbridge,  pon- 
derous gate,  and  portcullis  were  demolished  ;  but  at  the  last  moment  honourable  terms  were 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES :  USK  CASTLE.  745 

accepted,  and  the  noble-hearted  owner  was  allowed  to  quit  his  castle  with  colours  flying  and 
honour  untarnished,  but  with  a  sense  that  he  had  but  too  faithfully  served  a  weak  and 
faithless  king,  now  to  receive  as  reward  the  confiscation  of  his  splendid  estates,  and  final 
ruin  of  his  princely  halls.  He  was  taken  prisoner  to  London,  where  he  died  in  the  same 
year,  receiving  thus  a  friendly  riddance  of  all  his  troubles.  His  estates,  valued  at  ,£20,000 
per  annum,  were  recovered  by  the  family  at  the  Restoration,  but  shorn  of  much  of  their 
beauty,  and  greatly  reduced  in  value.  Raglan  Castle,  in  the  fourteen  years  which  had 
elapsed,  had  been  dismantled ;  the  great  park,  "  planted  with  fine  maiden  oaks  and  large 
birch  trees,  richly  stocked  with  all  kinds  of  deer,"  and  stretching  away  to  great  distances 
across  woodland,  plain,  and  river,  had  been  converted  into  a  barren  wilderness.  The  Stuart 
dynasty  and  the  popular  vengeance  it  awakened  had  writ  their  names  on  the  fair  demesne  of 
Raglan  in  characters  many  of  which  are  not  to  this  day  obliterated. 

The  castle  of  Usk  (  Wysc),  was  once  of  large  dimensions.  From  the  magnificence  of  the 
scenery  around,  it  is  no  cause  of  wonder  that  Richard  Duke  of  York  delighted  to  reside 
here.  It  is  said  that  this  was  the  birthplace  of  his  two  sons,  Edward  IV.  and  Richard  III. 
When  it  is  remembered  that  Henry  V.  was  born  at  Monmouth,  where  his  cradle  is  still  ex- 
hibited (see  Troy  House),  Monmouthshire  will  appear  to  have  enjoyed  sufficient  honour  01 
this  kind.  The  fact  is  that  as  a  land  of  castles  it  offered  a  safer  asylum  in  those  troublous 
times  than  even  most  parts  of  England. 

The  Castle  of  Usk,  after  belonging  to  Richard  III.  and  Henry  VII.,  became  the 
property  of  William,  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  the  second  branch  of  the  Herbert  family. 
Philip,  his  fourth  descendant,  dying  in  1683  without  issue  male,  his  only  daughter  and 
heiress,  Charlotte  conveyed  it  (by  marriage)  to  Thomas,  Viscount  Windsor. 

The  estates  in  Gwent,  possessed  by  this  second  branch,  were  scarcely  inferior  to  those  of 
the  first  Earl  of  Pembroke  of  the  Herbert  blood.  Philip,  the  last  proprietor  of  Usk  Castle, 
could  have  passed  almost  the  whole  way  through  his  own  manors  from  the  vicinity  of 
Monmouth  to  Newton  Down  beyond  Cowbridge  (Pm-y-Jiont)  in  Glamorgan,  a  distance  of 
nearly  sixty  miles.  The  trustees  of  his  daughter,  in  their  annual  circuit,  were  not  un- 
frequently  escorted  by  more  than  fifteen  hundred  of  her  tenants  and  dependents  from 
Chepstow  to  the  castle  at  Cardiff,  where  the  accounts  were  audited  and  the  rents  received. 

Charlotte,  the  heiress  of  Usk  Castle,  by  her  husband,  Thomas,  Viscount  Windsor  and 
Lord  Montjoy,  had  a  son,  Herbert,  who  sold  Usk  Castle  (now  possessed  by  the  Duke  of 
Beaufort),  and  died  in  1758,  leaving  two  daughters — Charlotte  Jane,  married,  1766,  to  John, 
Lord  Mountstuart  (see  Marquess  of  Bute),  and  Alice-Elizabeth,  first  wife  of  Francis, 
second  Marquess  of  Hertford. 

On  our  way  to  glance  at  that  age  of  monkish  religion  and  architectural  magnificence  in 
Gwent  which  is  commemorated  by  Tintern  Abbey,  on  the  Wye,  we  pass  the  only  large 
monument  of  the  so-named  Druidic  religion  and  age  now  surviving  in  the  county  of 
Monmouth— the  stones,  or  cromlech  of  Tre-lech  (tri,  three;  and  llech,  a  stone),  which  consist 
of  three  great  stones  set  on  end.  The  fine  ruin  of  St.  BriaveFs  Castle,  built  by  Milo  Fitz- 
walter,  Earl  of  Hereford,  temp.  Henry  I.,  is  opposite,  on  the  Gloucestershire  side  of  the  Wye 
but  in  the  feudal  ages  was  part  of  that  system  of  the  Marches  which  was  not  bounded  by  the 


746 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


VVye,  but  extended  from  Gloucester  to  Brecknock,  and  from  Chester  to  Cardiff.  This  was 
the  Milo,  Earl  of  Hereford  and  Lord  of  Brecknock,  who  held  the  jest  with  earnest  Gruffydd 
ap  Rhys  on  the  margin  of  Llyn  Savathan  related  at  p.  56.  The  object  of  this  castle  was  to 
check  the  Welsh  in  their  incursions  across  the  boundary  into  the  Forest  of  Dean ;  but  it  is 
scarcely  probable  that  the  walls  now  remaining  were  built  so  early  as  the  reign  of  the 
first  Henry. 

The  situation  of  the  abbey  of  Tintern — (Din,  a  high  place  of  strength  ;  teyrn,  king)  the 
name  probably  of  an  adjacent  hill, — almost  as  much  as  the  marvellous  beauty  of  the  archi- 
tecture, contributes  to  the  powerful  effect  produced, by  the  spectacle  of  this  majestic  ruin. 


- 


TINTKRN  ABBEY— GENERAL  VIEW,  FROM  THE  WYE. 


It  has  been  pronounced  "the  most  beautiful  and  picturesque  of  all  our  Gothic  monuments." 
And  the  situation  is  one  of  the  finest  the  old  monks  ever  chose  for  the  site  of  an  abbey.  It 
is  enough  to  say  that  this  spot  is  superior  even  to  the  site  of  Llantony.  The  abbey  is 
planted  on  a  meadow  lying  in  a  bend  of  the  river,  flanked  at  the  back  by  an  abrupt  swelling 
of  craggy  hills  clad  in  oak,  ash,  and  hazel ;  in  front,  up  stream,  below,  and  every- 
where the  bold  hills,  the  retiring  glades,  the  rocks,  and  their  green  investment  of  timber 
and  brushwood,  vie  with  each  other  in  offering  to  the  eye  the  most  graceful  outline,  the  most 
varied  and  harmonious  detail  of  light  and  shade.  The  noble  VVye  in  its  windings  seems  to 
flow  out  of  a  hill-side  above,  and  into  a  hill-side  below.  Every  nook  and  dell,  every  crag 
and  mountain-top,  the  trim  cottage,  the  white-sailed  pleasure-boat,  the  leaping  salmon, 
and  the  deep-designing  angler  on  the  brink,  seem  all  brought  together  on  purpose  to 
give  this  glorious  ruin  a  framework  worthy  of  itself  and  of  the  broad  page  of  Gwentian 
history  it  aids  to  fill. 

Tintern  Abbey  has  had  a  longer  age  as  a  ruin  than  it  had  of  active  service.     "Man 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :  TINTERN  ABBEY. 


747 


purposeth,"  &c.  Its  builders  in  planning  those  massive  clustered  pillars,  those  aspiring  arches, 
buttressed  to  bear  a  "  lanthorn  tower"  of  mountain  weight,  those  slenderly  mullioned, 
richly  traceried  windows,  as  high  again  as  the  gables  of  many  churches,  the  solidly 
vaulted  roofs  which  once  spanned  cloister,  chapterhouse,  and  hospitium,  were  in  their  own 
minds  erecting  a  structure  to  compete  with  the  hills  in  durability — and  whose  very  dismantled 
and  dishonoured  shell  seems  now  to  defy  time  and  elements  in  its  demolition.  But  that  vast 
labour  and  cost,  thought,  skill,  and  loving  interest  only  issue  in  a  pile  of  magnificence  whose 


TINTERN  ABBEY,  LOOKING  UP  THE  NAVE  TO  THE  EAST  WINDOW. 


topstone  is  scarcely  set,  and  its  matin  and  vesper  bell  scarcely  begin  their  regular  silvery 
notes  before  its  knell  is  sounded  and  destruction  sends  down  its  storm  of  hail.  It  was,  in 
fact,  but  the  splendid  efflorescence  of  a  decaying  body,  which  England  found  it  on  the  whole, 
though  with  much  regret  and  pain,  necessary  to  remove.  And  so  the  "  lanthorn  tower " 
is  gone  long  ago  to  mend  the  roads  and  fill  up  gaps  in  rustic  fences ;  the  beautiful  tracery, 
the  carved  work  in  foliated  boss  and  moulding,  faces  of  saints  and  angels,  the  very  effigies  of 
mailed  knights  and  gentle  dames,  founders  and  benefactors,  have  been  cast  out  as  rubbish, 
and  ground  into  dust  ! 

In  the  year  1130,  some  eight  or  nine  and  twenty  years  after  the  Norman  had  laid  his 
iron  hand  on  the  Cymry  of  Gvvent  and  Glamorgan,  Walter  de  Clare,  son  of  Gilbert  de  Clare, 


748 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


whose   family  had  obtained   certain  territory  in  Wales,  founded   here  a   small  priory  for 
monks  of  the  Cistercian  order  ;— 


"A  little  lonely  hermitage  it  was, 
Down  in  a  dale,  hard  by  a  forest's  side, 
Far  from  resort  of  people.'' — Faery  Quern. 


THE  WEST  WINDOW,  FROM  THE  CHANCEL. 


Under  the  thrifty  hands  of  the  monks  and  frequent  donations  of  the  lords,  who  revelled 
in  wealth  gotten  by  robbery  of  the  now  prostrate  inhabitants,  it  grew  apace  into  importance. 
It  had  not,  however,  risen  into  note,  and  the  building,  now  in  ruins,  had  not  been  erected  when 
Giraldus  Cambrensis  in  1188  passed  through  Gwent.  Gilbert  de  Strongbow,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  the  builder  of  Aberystwyth  Castle,  son  of  Richard  de  Clare,  and  owner  then  of 
the  neighbouring  castle  of  Striguil,  largely  endowed  it,  and  his  example  was  followed  by 
the  Earls  of  Pembroke,  his  successors.  But  it  was  Roger  Bigod,  Earl  of  Norfolk  (son  of 
Maud,  sister  and  co-heiress  of  Anselme,  last  Earl  of  Pembroke  of  the  Marshal  line),  who 
built  Tintern  Abbey,  in  1268.  This  was  the  year  in  which  it  was  so  far  finished  that  the 
monks  for  tne  first  time  celebrated  mass  within  it;  but  the  building  had  doubtless  been 
proceeding  lor  many  years,  and  probably  continued  long  after.  If  we  calculate  the  com- 
pletion of  the  abbey  to  be  about  A.D.  1300,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  period  of  its  survival  was 
236  years,  for  in  1536  Henry  VIII.  issued  the  mandate  for  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries. 
Tintern  Abbey  and  its  lands,  valued  at  no  more  than  ^132  is.  4d.,and  having  only  thirteen 
monks,  were  granted  to  Henry  Somerset,  second  Earl  of  Worcester,  in  whose  family  they 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES:  CIIEPSTOW  CASTLE.  749 

still  remain.  The  present  Duke  of  Beaufort  bestows  great  care  upon  the  preservation  of  these 
beautiful  remains,  while  avoiding  all  unsightly  and  ill-placed  "  restoration." 

The  plan  of  the  abbey  is  cruciform ;  and  the  subsidiary  buildings,  such  as  the  cloisters, 
chapterhouse,  refectory,  hospitium,  or  guest-chamber  (where  "  open  house  "  was  kept  for  the 
pilgrim  and  the  stranger  in  need),  the  kitchen,  &c.,  were  ranged  on  the  northern  side 
flanking  the  abbey  as  far  as  the  eastern  side  of  the  transept.  The  length  of  the  abbey  was 
228  feet;  the  nave  and  choir  were  only  37  feet  wide,  and  the  extreme  width  at  the  transepts 
was  150  feet. 

The  east  window,  shown  in  our  second  view,  with  its  single  mullion  remaining,  is 
64  feet  high,  and  occupies  the  whole  width  of  the  choir.  The  great  central  arches  sup- 
porting the  tower  (when  the  tower  was  there)  are  70  feet  high.  Through  these  the  spectator 
looks  at  the  eastern  and  western  windows  in  the  respective  engravings.  The  western  window, 
with  almost  all  its  mullions  and  tracery  still  complete,  is  42  feet  high.  This  window,  as 
shown  in  the  engraving,  is  in  great  part  covered  with  ivy.  The  tops  of  the  walls,  along 
which  are  convenient  pathways,  are  covered  with  turf,  and  here  and  there  ornamented 
with  spontaneous  growth  of  shrubs  and  trees.  Along  the  pillars,  arches,  and  windows,  the 
friendly  ivy  is  allowed  to  twine  and  hang  in  garlands,  and  the  floor,  once  shining  in  encaustic 
tiles,  is  covered  with  a  carpet  of  greensward,  through  which  the  bases  of  the  northern 
pillars  of  the  nave  crop  up.  (See  Engraving,  p.  747). 


From  Tintern  Abbey  to  Chepstow  Castle  is  but  a  small  distance  in  space,  but,  with  all 
the  defects  of  the  monastic  system,  the  transition  is  like  descending  from  a  world  of  civili- 
zation to  a  world  of  barbarism.  The  monastic  and  the  Lord  Marcher  systems  lived  con- 
temporaneously, agreed  in  holding  man  in  bondage,  were  mutually  supporting,  and  died  by 
the  same  hand ;  but  taken  and  analyzed  separately  they  are  seen  to  have  been  animated  by  a 
different  life,  and  lived  with  different  aims.  As  Macaulay  has  eloquently  written,  "  A 
system  which,  however  deformed  by  superstitions,  introduced  strong  moral  restraints  into 
communities  previously  governed  only  by  vigour  of  muscle  and  audacity  of  spirit ;  a  system 
which  taught  even  the  fiercest  and  mightiest  ruler  that  he  was,  like  his  meanest  bondsman,  a 
responsible  being,  might  have  seemed  to  deserve  a  more  respectful  mention  from  philosophers 
and  philanthropists.  Had  not  such  retreats  been  scattered  here  and  there  among  the  huts 
of  a  miserable  peasantry  and  the  castles  of  a  ferocious  aristocracy,  European  society 
would  have  consisted  merely  of  beasts  of  burden  and  beasts  of  prey." 

The  town  of  Chepstow,  as  its  name  indicates,  was  a  place  of  barter  between  the  Saxons 
and  Welsh  (A.-Sax.,  ceap.,  price,  or  bargain,  ceapian,  to  bargain,  sell ;  and  stoc,  euphonized 
stow,  a  stockaded  or  defended  place),  after  the  former  had  taken  possession  of  the  country 
between  the  Severn  and  the  Wye.  From  the  importance  of  the  position  in  all  times  of  war 
we  may  conclude  that  the  Britons  had  here  a  place  of  strength,  although  it  was  not  then  a 
custom  to  erect  castles.  The  Welsh  name  of  Chepstow,  Casgwent,  i.  e.,  Castell  Gwent, 
probably  originated  after  the  building  of  the  present  castle.  The  Anglo-Saxons,  as  they  are 
called,  or,  more  correctly,  the  governments  set  up  in  South-west  and  Central  England  after 
the  amalgamation  of  the  old  Britons  of  the  parts  and  their  Germanic  conquerors  into  one 
people — on  taking  possession  of  the  British  princedom  of  Feryllwg  (Ferlex),  which  embraced 


750  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

the  lands  between  the  Wye  and  the  Severn,  would  as  soon  as  possible  seize  and  strengthen 
this  post,  making  it  a  place  of  trysting  and  negotiation  with  the  independent  Britons  of  the 
west.  It  is  said  that  parts  of  the  castle  of  Chepstow  contain  indications  of  "  Saxon  "  work — 
a  thing,  however  unlikely,  not  quite  so  incredible  as  the  statement  made  by  some  others  to 
the  effect  that  some  of  its  walls  were  built  by  "Julius  Caesar,"  who,  it  is  well  known,  never 
penetrated  halfway  to  Chepstow. 

The  stupendous  ruins  of  Chepstow  Castle  are  beyond  question  the  remains  of  Norman 
work.  It  is  quite  improbable  that  the  whole  was  built  by  the  same  owner  or  in  the  same 
age,  for  there  are  varieties  of  style  and  irregularities  of  plan  showing  the  contrary.  No 
castle  in  Britain  stands  on  a  grander  site.  It  occupies  along  the  margin  of  the  Wye  an 
almost  perpendicular  limestone  cliff  (part  of  the  carboniferous  system  of  the  Forest  of  Dean), 
through  which  the  river  has  excavated  a  passage.  It  is  so  closely  built  to  the  edge  that  its 
huge  walls  and  the  native  rock  appear  all  as  one.  Its  building  is  ascribed  to  William  Fitz- 
Osberne,  Earl  of  Hereford,  who  is  stated  to  have  been  a  relation  of  the  Conqueror  and  one 
of  his  companion  knights  in  the  invasion  of  England  (although  we  find  not  his  name  in  the 
Roll  of  Battle  Abbey],  and  who  had  lands  assigned  him  on  the  borders  of  Wales,  including  the 
basin  of  the  lower  Wye.  This  was  the  Fitz-Osberne  who  before  the  expedition  started  from 
Normandy,  and  when  many  chieftains  were  opposed  to  William's  enterprise,  cried  out, 
"  Why  dispute  ye  thus  ?  He  is  your  lord  ;  he  has  need  of  you.  It  were  better  your  duty  to 
make  your  offers,  and  not  to  await  his  requests.  If  you  fail  him  now,  and  he  gain  his  end, 
by  heaven,  he  will  remember  it"  (Chronique  de  Normandie).  Fitz-Osberne  prevailed,  and  was 
well  rewarded.  His  life,  however,  was  cut  short  by  violence  in  Flanders,  where  he  was 
involved  in  a  love  affair,  and  it  is  improbable  that  he  had  leisure  after  settling  upon  his 
possessions  in  Wales  to  build  to  completeness  such  a  giant  fortress  as  Chepstow  Castle. 
His  younger  son,  Roger  Fitz-Osberne,  succeeded  to  his  vast  estates  in  this  county,  his  eldest 
son  William  to  his  estates  in  Normandy— for  Fitz-Osberne  was  a  man  of  note  and  seneschal 
of  the  duchy  in  his  own  country,  and  not  a  mere  hungry  military  adventurer  like 
most  of  William's  companions.  Roger  Fitz-Osberne  was  a  man  of  deep  designs,  and 
likely  for  his  own  purposes  to  build  a  fortress  such  as  Chepstow  Castle.  While  William 
was  gone  to  Normandy  to  quell  an  insurrection,  another  was  brewing  for  him  in  England 
and  in  Wales.  Roger  Fitz-Osberne  had  arranged  and  carried  out  without  William's  permission 
a  marriage  between  his  own  sister  Emma  and  the  great  Breton  Ralf  de  Gael,  Earl  of  Norfolk. 
It  led  to  a  rupture  with  the  Conqueror  and  a  terrible  insurrection,  in  which  the  Welsh,  who 
saw  in  Ralf  the  Breton  a  man  of  their  own  kin,  heartily  joined,  and  in  which  Chepstow  Castle 
was  fitted  to  play  an  important  part.  During  the  marriage  rejoicings  the  conspiracy  against  the 
Conqueror  was  formed.  Several  bishops  and  abbots,  many  Norman  barons  and  Saxon 
warriors,  bound  themselves  by  oath  against  King  William  (  Will,  of  Malmesb.).  But  William's 
good  fortune  prevailed.  Ralf  was  obliged  to  fly  to  his  own  land  of  Brittany,  and  Roger 
Fitz-Osberne  was  made  a  prisoner  for  life.  "  The  race  of  William  Fitz-Osberne,"  says  Ordericus 
Vitalis,  "  has  been  uprooted  from  England,  so  that  now  there  is  not  a  corner  in  which  it  can 
set  its  foot." 

The  earldom  of  Hereford  and  the  castle  and  lands  of  Chepstow  passed  to  the  Earls  of 
Pembroke  of  the  De  Clare  line,  then  to  the  Marshals  and  Herberts,  and  lastly  to  the 
Somersets,  in  which  (now  represented  by  his  Grace,  Henry,  Duke  of  Beaufort)  they  still  remain. 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :  CIIEPSTOW  CASTLE. 


75« 


The  ground-plan  of  the  castle  is  long  and  narrow,  stretching  along  the  dizzy  steep  of  the 
rock  in  massive  walls  and  towers  of  various  heights,  and  enclosing  four  separate  courts,  as  if 
added  by  degrees  as  necessity  required.  The  great  entrance  is  from  the  side  towards  the 
town.  The  noble  gateway  is  defended  by  two  circular  towers  of  great  strength,  portcullis,  &c. 
Around  the  first  court  were  arranged  the  grand  hall,  principal  apartments,  kitchen,  £c. 


A  TOWER  IN  CHEPSTOW  CASTLE. 


On  the  side  next  the  river  the  curtain  between  the  first  and  second  courts  is  pierced  by  a 
gateway.  Another  gateway  enters  the  third  court,  in  which  was  situated  the  chapel,  a 
building  of  remarkable  elegance,  90  feet  long  by  30  in  width,  with  walls  40  feet  high.  The 
fourth  court  had  its  own  entrance  by  a  drawbridge  and  portcullis  across  the  castle  ditch, 
flanked  by  two  square  towers. 

In  the  grand  court  first  mentioned  is  the  keep,  a  structure  of  large  dimensions  and 
wonderful  solidity  and  beauty.  It  contained,  amongst  other  parts,  the  tower,  made  celebrated 
through  the  confinement  within  it  for  twenty  years  of  the  republican  Henry  Marten,  member 
of  the  "  Rump  "  parliament  (probably  for  some  place  in  Berks.),  once  a  friend  of  Cromwell, 
and  one  of  those  who  signed  the  death  warrant  of  Charles  I.  The  parliament  made  a  gift  of 


752 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Chepstow  Castle  to  Oliver  Cromwell,  but  on  the  accession  of  Charles  II.  it  reverted  to  the 
Marquess  of  Worcester,  and  Henry  Marten  became  one  of  its  involuntary  occupants. 

"  For  thirty  years,  secluded  from  ma  ikind, 
Here  Marten  lingered.     Often  have  these  walls 
Echoed  his  footsteps,  as  with  even  tread 
He  paced  around  his  prison. "—  Sout/iey. 


CHEPSTOW  CASTLE— MARTEN'S  TOWER,  IN  THE  KEEP. 


Marten's  "  tread  "  and  temper  may  have  become  "  even  "  after  years  of  schooling  within 
thick  prison  walls,  but  by  nature  he  was  of  a  choleric  and  impetuous  turn,  and  of  a  loose  and 
ill-governed  life.  When  Cromwell  entered  with  his  guards  to  send  the  "  Rump  "  about  its 
business,  this  is  the  description  (perhaps  not  unfaithful)  we  have  of  this  man  : — "  Henry 
Marten  is  a  tight  little  fellow,  though  of  somewhat  loose  life ;  his  witty  words  pierce  yet,  as 
light  arrows  through  the  thick  oblivious  torpor  of  the  generations,  testifying  to  us  very  clearly, 
Here  was  a  right  hard-headed,  stout-hearted  little  man,  full  of  sharp  fire  and  cheerful  light, 
sworn  foe  of  cant  in  all  its  figures,  an  indomitable  little  pagan  if  no  better.  '  You  call 
yourselves  a  Parliament,  continues  my  Lord  General  in  clear  blaze  of  conflagration ;  '  you 
are  no  Parliament,  some  of  you  are  drunkards,  some  of  you  are — '  and  he  glares  at 
Harry  Marten  and  the  poor  Sir  Peter  [Wentworth],  who  rose  to  order,  lewd  livers  both — 
'living  in  open  contempt  of  God's  commandments.'" — Carlyle.  After  the  Restoration, 
Marten  was  tried  as  a  regicide  at  the  Old  Bailey,  when  he  put  in  the  plea  that  in  concurring  in 
the  king's  death  and  signing  the  warrant  he  only  yielded  obedience  to  the  existing  government. 
Perhaps  his  "  lewd  living  "told  in  his  favour  with  the  court  of  Charles  II.;  at  all  events 
though  found  guilty,  his  life  was  spared.  He  was  sent  to  the  Tower  for  a  time,  and  thence 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :  CHEPSTOW  CASTLE. 


753 


transferred  to  the  keep  of  Chepstow  Castle  for  the  rest  of  his  life.  The  term  of  his  imprison- 
ment here  was  twenty,  not  thirty  years,  as  stated  by  Southey;  he  was  allowed  to  retain  his 
property,  to  have  the  company  of  his  wife,  to  walk  abroad  under  guard,  and  to  pay  visits 
to  the  gentry  of  the  neighbourhood.  He  died  in  1680,  at  the  good  age  of  seventy- 
eight,  and  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of  Chepstow  Church.  Over  him  was  placed  an  acrostic 
epitaph,  rather  long,  of  his  "  own  composition,"  and  containing  these  lines  : — 

"  A  true  Englishman, 
Who  in  Berkshire  was  well  known 
To  love  his  country's  freedom,  'bove  his  o".vn.     . 
Examples  preach  to  th'  eye  ;  care  then,  mine  says. 
Not  how  you  end,  but  how  you  spend  your  days. " 


CHKPSTOW  CARTI.E  — THK  ORATORY  IN  THE  KEEP. 


Among  other  fine  apartments  in  the  keep,  most  of  which  are  believed  to  have  been  at 
the  service  of  Henry  Marten,  was  a  beautiful  "  oratory,"  which  it  may  be  hoped,  from  the 
last  line  of  his  epitaph,  he  had  learnt  how  to  use. 

As  in  other  cases  when  Norman  lords  plundered  and  built  castles,  so  at  Chepstow, 
religious  houses  were  founded,  partly  by  the  robber  as  a  condonation  of  his  crimes,  partly  by 
the  monks  as  a  means  of  counteracting  the  barbaric  violence  of  the  times.  Some  of  the 
remains  of  the  Priory  of  St.  Kynemark  are  still  traceable  near  the  entrance  to  Fiercefield. 
Remains  of  several  "  chapels  "  and  other  "  religious  "  edifices  are  found  in  the  town  near  the 
principal  hotel,  and  in  Bridge  Street.  A  Benedictine  priory  of  large  dimensions  stood  on  the 


754  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

site  of  the  churchyard,  and  the  present  parish  church  embodies  many  portions  of  that  building 
in  good  preservation,  although  disfigured  by  injudicious  "restoration."  This  church  contains 
a  fine  early  monument  to  Henry,  second  Earl  of  Worcester  (d.  in  1549),  great  grandfather 
of  ihe  intrepid  Henry,  first  Marquess  of  Worcester,  owner  and  defender  to  the  last  extremity 
of  Raglan  Castle  against  the  victorious  Fairfax.  (See  Raglan  Castle.) 

The  walls  of  Chepstow  in  part  still  remain.  Their  age  is  uncertain,  but  Norman  features 
prevail  in  them ;  and  it  cannot  be  doubted  that  the  building  of  the  castle  would  be 
accompanied  by  the  fortification  of  the  town.  But  proof  is  wanting  that  the  present  walls 
are  the  first  erected. 

This  magnificent  castle  and  military  post  had  upon  the  whole  a  quiet  history.  Its  most 
stormy  crisis  was  its  last,  when  the  wrath  of  the  Parliament  and  the  flaming  zeal  of  the  Welsh 
for  Church  and  King  met  and  fought  here.  It  was  in  1648.  Charles  was  prisoner  at 
Carisbrook.  The  Scotch  in  the  north  send  an  army  of  40,000  to  the  field.  The  Welsh  rush 
headlong  into  the  fray.  Chepstow  is  garrisoned  under  command  of  ST  Nicholas  Kemeys. 
Pembroke  is  held  fast  by  "  drunken  Col.  Poyer,"  and  Cardiff  is  strong  under  Col.  Pritchard  : 
the  gentry  are  all  for  the  King ;  the  common  people  understand  nothing,  and  follow  the 
gentry.  The  Parliament's  cause  is  in  peril.  Cromwell  must  march,  or  all  will  be  lost ;  and 
Cromwell  accordingly  marches,  3rd  March,  1648.  In  good  time,  while  the  general  is  hotly 
marching  for  Chepstow,  the  battle  of  St.  Pagan's,  under  Horton,  (8th  May),  ends  in  victory 
for  the  Parliament,  and  General  Laugharn,  with  Stradlings,  Kemeyses,  &c.,  are  broken  in 
pieces.  Cromwell  breaks  the  walls  of  Chepstow;  but  tough  Sir  Nicholas,  with  his  small 
remnant  of  a  garrison  of  forty  men  within  the  castle,  though  sorely  pressed,  refuses  to 
surrender,  secretly  planning  escape  by  the  river  ;  but  the  scheme  failing,  the  castle  is  stormed 
by  Ewer  (left  in  command  by  Cromwell,  who  has  gone  on  to  Pembroke),  and  Kemeys  and 
his  men  are  cut  down  without  mercy. 

From  Pembroke,  7th  June,  Oliver  writes  to  Major  Thomas  Saunders  :  "  I  have  sent  to 
have  you  removed  out  of  Brecknockshire ;  indeed,  into  that  part  of  Glamorganshire  which 
lieth  next  Monmouthshire.  For  this  end  :— We  have  plain  discoveries  that  Sir  Trevor 
Williams  of  Llangibby,  about  two  miles  from  Usk,  in  the  co.  of  Monmouth,  was  very  deep 
in  the  plot  of  betraying  Chepstow  Castle,  so  that  we  are  out  of  doubt  of  his  guiltiness 
thereof.  I  do  hereby  authorize  you  to  seize  him ;  as  also  the  High  Sheriff  of  Monmouth, 
Mr.  Morgan  [see  Sheriffs'],  who  was  in  the  same  plot.  But  because  Sir  Trevor  Williams  is 
the  more  dangerous  man  by  far,  I  would  have  you  seize  him  first.  He  is  a  man,  1  am 
informed,  full  of  craft  and  subtlety,  very  bold  and  resolute,  hath  a  house  at  Llangibby  well 
stored  with  arms  and  very  strong.  ...  If  you  should  march  directly  into  that  country 
and  near  him,  it's  odds  he  either  fortify  his  house  or  give  you  the  slip.  .  .  .  Wherefore  you 
have  a  fair  pretence  to  go  out  of  Brecknockshire  to  quarter  about  Newport  and  Caerleon, 
which  is  not  above  four  or  five  miles  from  his  house.  You  may  send  to  Col.  Herbert,  whose 
house  lieth  in  Monmouthshire,  who  will  certainly  acquaint  you  where  he  is.  You  are  also  to 
send  to  Capt.  Nicholas,  who  is  at  Chepstow,  to  require  him  to  assist  you,  if  he  [Williams] 
should  get  into  his  house  and  stand  upon  his  guard.  Samuel  Jones,  who  is  quartermaster  to 
Col.  Herbert's  troop,  will  be  very  assisting  to  you."  In  a  "P.S."  it  is  added,  "If  Captain 
Nicholas  should  light  on  him  at  Chepstow,  do  you  strengthen  him  with  a  strong  guard  to 
bring  him.  If  you  seize  his  person,  disarm  his  house,  but  let  -not  his  arms  be  embezzled." 


MONMOUTHSHIRE  A  PART  OF  WALES.  755 


SECTION  IV.— MONMOUTHSHIRE  A  PART  OF  WALES. 

The  custom  has  become  almost  settled  to  consider  the  county  of  Monmcuth  a  part  of 
England,  and  to  assign  to  Wales  the  even  number  of  twelve  counties,  six  south  and  six 
north.  Maps  of  Wales  are  now  constructed  which  make  the  Usk  the  eastern  boundary  ; 
children  at  school  are  almost  invariably  taught  that  Monmouthshire  is  "  in  England ; "  and 
the  erroneous  notion  is  somewhat  encouraged  by  a  certain  tone  of  "  national "  feeling  which 
willingly  winks  at  history  and  gives  vantage  to  prejudice.  Even  the  Registrar-General, 
(Census,  1871),  although  he  admits  it  to  be  "essentially  Cambrian,"  and  puts  it  in  the 
"  Welsh  Division,"  still  ranks  it  among  the  "  Counties  of  England.  In  a  work  on  the 
annals  of  the  counties  of  Wales  it  is  proper  that  the  groundlessness  of  this  notion  should 
be  made  known,  and  the  county  legitimately  settled  in  its  proper  place  as  one  of 
the  thirteen  counties  of  Wales. 

There  "can  be  no  question  about  the  ethtulogy  of  the  county  of  Monmouth.  It  may  be 
true  that  even  the  blood  of  England  is  more  Cymric  than  Saxon,  and  that  we  have  reason 
herein  to  moderate,  and  even  forget  all  national  antipathy  as  between  Welsh  and  English.* 
The  people  of  Monmouthshire,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  are  as  much  Cymric  as  are  the  people 
of  Glamorgan  or  Brecknock  ;  and,  barring  the  change  brought  into  the  counties  of  Monmouth 
and  Glamorgan  within  liying  memory  by  the  influx  of  English-speaking  persons,  the  language 
spoken  by  the  natives  still  continues  to  testify  to  their  race.  In  these  respects,  therefore, 
Monmouthshire  is  now,  as  in  past  times,  a  part  and  parcel  of  Wales. 

In  point  tfgffvernmtnt,  the  relation  of  Gwent  (i.e.,  Monmouthshire  and  part  of  Glamor- 
gan, &c.)  to  Wales  always,  even  before  the  Norman  Conquest,  was  that  of  a  somewhat 
distinct  and  independent  sovereignty.  This  has  been  repeatedly  noticed  in  the  course  of  our 
discussions.  But  nothing  to  affect  the  common  bond  of  national  unity  arose  out  of  this 
circumstance. 

The  earliest  geographical  recognition  of  Gwent  in  its  relation  to  Wales,  subsequently  to 
the  period  when  the  distinction  between  England  and  Wales  was  made  broad  and  prominent 
by  the  English  conquest,  is  found  in  the  ancient  document  called  "  Parthau  Cymru,"  in  the 
Myvyrian  Arc/iahlogy  of  Wales.  This  purports  to  be  a  survey  of  Wales,  North  and  South, 
made  in  the  time  of  the  last  Llewelyn  (i3th  century).  There  the  cantrefs  and  comots  of  all 
Wales  are  marked.  The  district  now  mainly  included  in  Monmouthshire  is  divided  into  three 
amtrefs  and  thirteen  comots  (see  p.  596,  "  Gwaunllu'g,"  "  Gwent  Uwch-Coed,"  "  Gwent 
Js-Coed").  But  about  the  relation  of  Gwent  to  Wales  at  this  period  there  is  no  question,  and 
therefore  no  need  of  evidence. 

The  Norman  conquest  of  these  parts  had  no  tendency  to  unite  them  to  England.  The 
Lord  Marcher  system  created  independent  lordships.  If  it  be  true  that  they  had  the  effect  of 
alienating  the  conquered  districts  from  Wales,  it  must  be  remembered  that  they  alienated 

*  This  whole  question  is  argued  at  length,  and  for  the  first  time,  in  "  The  Pedigree  of  the  English 
People:  an  Argument,  Historical  and  Scienlifi:,  on  I'.nglish  Ethnology,  show  the  Progress  of  Racc-Amamalga- 
mation  in  Britain  from  the  Earliest  Times,  with  Especial  Referenre  to  the  Incorporation  of  the  Celtic 
Aborigines."  By  Thomas  Nicholas,  M. A.,  Ph.D.,  F.C. 8.,  &c.  Longman*  &  Co  '  Third  Edition.  1872. 


756  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

Denbighshire  (or  the  "  four  cantrefs  "),  Montgomery,  Brecknock,  and  Glamorgan  as  much 
as  Monmouthshire.  But  they  had  in  reality  no  such  effect.  Henry  VIII.,  when  he 
incorporated  Wales  with  England  by  the  "  Act  of  Union,"  took  the  whole  Principality  with 
its  inhabitants  as  a  recognised  unity,  a  country  or  "  dominion,"  just  as  Scotland  at  a 
subsequent  time  was  taken,  as  then  recognised,  as  a  separate  nationality,  with  distinct 
character  and  limits.  The  effect  of  the  Union  was  not  to  dismember  Scotland.  In  like 
manner  the  effect  of  the  Union  \va.s  not  to  dismember  Wales. 

But  it  will  be  said  that  Henry's  Act  of  Union  made  a  difference  as  it  respects  Monmouth- 
shire. Here  comes  therefore  the  point  to  be  tested,  and  it  must  be  examined  with  care. 
What  then  was  the  difference  made  by  Henry  with  respect  to  Monmouthshire  ?  In  other 
words,  in  what  respect  did  the  junction  of  this  county  with  England  differ  from  the  junction 
of  the  other  counties  of  Wales  with  England  ?  There  was  a  point  of  difference — a  very  small 
but  very  distinct  one,  in  no  wise  affecting  the  geographical  classification  or  provincial  relations 
of  the  county,  yet  large  enough  to  have  introduced  the  error  now  sought  to  be  exposed  and 
removed.  It  had  to  do  simply  with  the  circuit  of  the  judges  and  the  administration  of  the 
law,  and  had  no  reference  whatever  to  the  distribution  of  counties.  Up  to  this  time  the 
Marches  had  not  been  subject  to  visitation  by  the  king's  judges.  The  King's  Writ  did  not 
run  in  them,  the  power  of  jura  regalia,  conceded  to  the  lords,  entitling  them  to  hold  courts 
of  their  own,  and  even  enact,  within  limits,  laws  of  their  own.  Henry  VIII.  put  a  stop  to 
this  part  of  the  rule  of  the  Marchers,  created  the  county  of  Monmouth,  and  placed  it  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  Westminster.  This  seems  to  be  all  that  was  done  ;  and  on  this  slender 
basis  has  been  built  the  whole  of  the  notion  that  Monmouthshire  is  an  English  county.  In 
a  matter  of  so  much  speciality,  where,  out  of  a  region  subject  to  exceptional  feudal  rule,  a 
regular  county  is  created,  and  when  created  transferred,  as  the  hypothesis  goes,  from  one 
recognised  nationality  and  "  dominion  "  to  another,  we  have  a  right  to  expect  very  definite 
and  express  language,  and  we  know  that  Henry  VIII.  was  never  wanting  in  definiteness  and 
point  when  putting  forth  a  command  or  enactment.  It  was  a  characteristic,  indeed,  of  all 
the  Tudor  sovereigns  to  make  their  will  known  beyond  all  possibility  of  doubt.  We  must 
therefore  go  to  Henry's  own  act,  and  cite  his  own  language. 

The  simple  truth  is,  though  many  will  be  surprised  to  hear  it,  that  the  27th  Henry  VIII. 
(the  "  Act  of  Union  ")  itself  expressly  speaks  of  Monmouthshire  as  a  part  of  the  country  or 
dominion  of  Wales,  and  says  not  a  syllable  about  its  junction  with  England  except  in  the 
sense  in  which  it  speaks  of  the  junction  with  England  of  Brecknock,  Glamorgan,  Carmarthen, 
Montgomery,  and  others.  This  is  the  part  of  the  statute  which  concerns  the  case  : — 

"  And  forasmuch  as  there  be  many  and  divers  Lordships  Marchers  within  the  said 
Countrey  or  Dominion  of  Wales,  lyinge  betwene  the  Shyres  of  Englande  and  the  said 
Countrey  or  Dominion  of  Wales,  and  beying  no  parcell  of  any  other  Shires  where  the  lawes 
and  due  correction  is  used  and  had;  by  reason  whereof  hath  ensued  and  hath  benne 
practised,  perpetrated,  committed  and  done  within  and  amonge  the  sayde  Lordshippes  and 
Countreys  to  them  adjoyning  manifold  and  divers  detestable  murders,  brennying  [burning] 
of  houses,  robberies;  theftes,  trespasses,  rowtes,  ryottes,  unlawful  assembles,  embraceries, 
maintenaunces,  recevinge  of  felons,  oppressions,  ruptures  of  the  peace,  and  manifolde  other 
malefactes  contrary  to  all  lawes  and  justice.  And  the  sayde  offenders  thereupon  makynge 
their  refuge  from  Lordeshippes  to  Lordeship  were  and  continued  without  punishment  or 


MONMOUTHSHIRE  A  PART  OF  WALES.  757 

correction ;  for  due  reformacion  whereof,  and  for  as  muche  as  divers  and  many  of  the  said 
Lordeshippes  Marches  be  now  in  the  handes  and  possession  of  our  Soveraine  Lord  the  King, 
and  the  smallest  number  of  them  in  the  possession  of  other  Lordes : — //  is  tJierefore  enacted 
by  thauctoritee  aforesaid  that  divers  of  the  said  Lordshipes  Marchers  shall  be  united, 
annexed,  and  joined  to  divers  of  the  Shires  of  England;  and  divers  of  the  said  Lordships 
Marchers  shall  be  united,  annexed,  and  joyned  to  divers  of  the  Shy  res  of  the  saide  Country  or 
Dominion  of  Wales,  in  manner  and  forme  hereafter  following.  And  that  all  the  residue  of 
the  said  Lordeships  Marchers  within  the  saide  Countrey  or  Dominion  of  Wales  shall  be 
served  and  divided  into  certaine  particular  Counties  or  Shires,  that  is  to  say  :  The  Countie  or 
Shire  of  Mommouth,  the  Countie  or  Shire  of  Brekenoke,  the  Countie  or  Shire  of  Radnor,  the 
Countie  or  Shire  of  Mountgomery,  the  Countie  or  Shire  of  Denbigh.  And  that  the 
Lordships,  townships,  parishes,  commotes,  and  cantredes  of  Monmouth,  Chepstow, 
Matherne,  Llamnihangel,  Magour,  Goldecliffe,  Newport,  Wenllouge,  Llanwerne,  Caerlion, 
Uske,  Trelecke,  Tinterne,  Skynfreth,  Grousmont,  Witecastell,  Reglan,  Calicote,  Biston, 
Abergevenny,  Penrose,  Grenefeld,  Maghen,  and  Hochvyslade,  in  the  Countrey  of  Wales ; 
and  all  and  singular  honours,  lordships,  castels,  manours,  landes,  tenementes,  and  heredita- 
mentes  lying  or  being  within  the  compas  or  precint  of  the  lordships,  towneships,  hamlets, 
parishes,  commotes,  and  cantredes,  and  every  of  them,  in  whose  possession  soever  they  be  or 
shal  be,  and  every  parte  therof,  shall  stand  and  be  from  and  after  the  said  feast  of  all  sainctes, 
guildable,  and  shall  be  reputed,  accepted,  named,  and  taken  as  part  and  membres  of  the 
sayde  shire  of  Mommouth;  and  that  the  saed  Towne  of  Mommouth  shall  be  named,  accepted, 
reputed,  used,  had,  and  taken  head  and  shire  towne  of  the  said  countie  or  shire  of  Mom- 
mouth.  And  that  the  shiriffes,  countie,  and  shire  courte  of  and  for  the  said  shire  or  Countie 
of  Mommouth  shall  be  holden  and  kept  one  time  at  the  saide  towne  of  Mommouth,  and  the 
nexte  time  at  the  Towne  of  Newporte  in  the  same  countie  or  shire,  and  so  to  be  kepte  in 
the  same  two  townes  alternis  vicibus,  and  accordynge  to  the  lawes  of  this  realme  of  Englande 
for  ever  and  in  none  other  places. 

"  And  it  is  further  enacted  by  thauchoritee  aforesaide  that  all  actions  realles  hereafter 
shall  be  conveied,  pepetrated,  or  sued  for  any  landes,  tenementes,  or  heriditamentes,  or  any 
other  thinge  within  the  saide  Countie  or  shire  of  Mommouth,  and  all  actions  personal  within 
the  same  shire  or  countie  of  the  summe  of  4o/-  or  above,  and  all  actions  mixte,  shall  be  sued 
by  originall  writte  out  of  the  King's  High  Court  of  Chauncerie  in  Englande,  and  harde, 
determined,  and  tried  before  the  Kinge's  Justices  in  Englande  by  assize  or  Nisi  Prim 
within  the  saide  Countie  of  Mommouth,  in  suchelyke  maner,  fourme,  and  wise  as  all  other 
actions  realles,  personalles,  and  actions  mixte  be  sued,  hard,  determined,  and  tried  in  or  for 
any  shire  of  this  realme  of  Englande.  And  that  the  King's  Justices  of  his  Benche  or  of  his 
Common  Benche  of  Westminster  shall  have  full  power  and  auctoritie  to  directe  all  maner 
processe  to  the  shireffe  and  all  other  officers  of  the  saide  Countie  of  Mommouth,  and  also  to 
directe  writtes  of  venire  facias  to  the  same  shireffe  for  the  triall  of  every  issue  joined  before 
them,  and  also  to  awarde  Commissions  of  Nisi  Prius  into  the  said  Countie  of  Mommouth 
for  the  triall  of  suche  issues  joyned  before  them  in  like  maner  and  fourme  as  they  do  into 
every  shire  of  this  realme  of  Englande.  And  all  and  every  the  Kinge's  subjectes  and 
inhabitantes  within  the  said  Countie  of  Mommouth  shall  be  for  ever  from  and  after  the  saide 
feaste  of  all  sainctes  obliged  and  bounden  to  be  obedient  and  attendant  to  the  Lord 

3  D 


758  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

Chauncellor  of  England,  the  Kinge's  Justices,  and  other  of  the  Kinge's  most  honourable 
Counsel,  and  unto  all  lawes,  customs,  ordinances,  and  statutes  of  this  realme  of  Englande,  in 
like  maner,  fourme,  and  wise  as  all  other  the  Kinge's  subjectes  within  every  shire  of  this 
realme  of  Englande  be  obliged  and  bounden,  any  acte,  statute,  usage,  custom,  libertie, 
privilege,  or  any  other  thinge  to  the  contrarie  in  any  wise  not  withstanding."  (Public 
General  Acts :  zyth  HENRY  VIII.,  cap.  26.) 

We  have  quoted  the  statute  verbatim  et  literatim  that  all  may  see  that  it  contains  nothing 
to  justify  the  popular  belief  that  Monmouthshire  was  made  an  English  county,  and  Wales 
made  to  consist  of  twelve  counties  only,  by  the  eighth  Henry.  The  Act  expressly 
recognises  the  shire  of  Monmouth  as  in  a  category  different  from  those  portions  of  the 
Marches  which  were  to  be  joined  to  England,  as  carved  out  of  a  "  residue  "  of  the  Marches 
"  within  the  said  country  or  dominion  of  Wales,"  and  constituted  a  county  of  the  same  order 
and  provincial  character  as  the  other  then  created  counties  of  "  Brekenoke,  Radnor,  Mount- 
gomery,"  &c.  No  allusion  is  made  to  any  distinction  or  difference  except  in  the  single 
matter  of  the  substitution  in  Monmouth  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Judges  of  the  King's  Court 
at  Westminster  for  that  of  the  irresponsible  and  now  displaced  Lords  Marchers.  If  a  mere 
circuit  arrangement  took  Monmouthshire  from  Wales  then  all  the  other  twelve  counties 
have  now  been  taken  from  Wales, and  no  "Wales"  further  remains.  The  theory  that  Mon- 
mouthshire is  an  English  county,  first  conceived  by  error,  received  without  examination,  and 
settled  at  last  by  an  indolent  consent,  has  thus  in  truth  no  historic  or  legal  foundation,  and 
must  be  pronounced  a  geographical  blunder. 

This  conclusion  appears  still  more  clear  and  forcible  when  we  look  into  our  old  topo- 
graphical and  legal  writers.  Authors  of  eminence  who  lived  later  than  the  age  of 
Henry  VIII.  seem  never  to  have  heard  of  the  limitation  of  Wales  to  the  balanced  number 
of  six  northern  and  six  southern  counties,  and  the  handing  over  of  fertile  Gwent  to  the 
English  side.  Camden,  temp.  James  I.,  writing  systematically  on  the  "  Divisions  of  Britain," 
says  that  besides  the  counties  belonging  to  England  there  were  "  THIRTEEN  more  in  Wales, 
six  whereof  were  in  Edward  the  First's  time,  and  the  rest  Henry  VIII.  settled  by  Act  of 
Parliament;"  and  among  the  thirteen  he  in  a  subsequent  part  of  his  great  work  (Britannia} 
includes  Monmouthshire.  Is  it  conceivable  that  a  man  so  well-informed  as  Camden, 
generally  so  painstaking  and  accurate,  and  certainly  swayed  by  no  partiality  towards  Wales, 
should  so  write,  if  by  an  Act  of  Henry  VIII.  the  counties  of  Wales  had  been  settled  at 
twelve,  and  Monmouthshire  made  an  English  county  ? 

Humphrey  Llwyd,  an  equally  accurate  writer,  living  at  the  very  time  when  Henry's  Act 
of  Union  was  passed,  and  writing  his;  Historie  of  Cambria  in  1568,  only  twenty-one  years 
after  Henry's  death,  describes  South  Wales  as  containing  "  seven  counties,"  of  which  one  was 
Gwent  or  Monmouth  ("  Gwenta,  quae  et  Monumethensis,"  &c.),  and  says  that  these  seven 
counties  were  ascribed  to  South  Wales  by  the  English  ("  ab  Anglis  tribuuntur  "). 

Sir  John  Dodridge,  in  his  Historical  Account  of  the  Principality  of  Wales,  published  in 
1714,  in  giving  at  p.  2  the  divisions  of  Wales,  says,  "  The  whole  country  is  now  allotted  into 
shires,  which  are  thirteen  in  number ; "  and  among  the  thirteen  he  places  Mcnmouth.  Sir 
John  Dodridge  was  an  eminent  lawyer,  and  would  certainly  have  been  aware  of  any 
statute,  had  such  existed,  which  made  the  number  of  Welsh  counties  to  be  twelve  and  not 
thirteen.  He  was  well  aware  of  the  statute  27  Henry  VIII.,  and  mentions  that  it  ordained 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


759 


that  Monmouthshire  "  should  be  governed  from  henceforth  in  like  manner  and  by  the  same 
judges  as  other  the  shires  of  England  "  (p.  41). 

The  "  vulgar  error"  of  classifying  this  county  with  England,  and  not  with  "the  countrey 
or  dominion  of  Wales,"  as  the  statute  of  Henry  VIII.  denominates  it,  is  not  only  "vulgar" 
(*.  e.,  diffused  among  the  p'eople),  but  is  also  comparatively  recent.  Not,  indeed,  that 
instances  of  it  do  not  occur  in  authors  of  the  eighteenth  century, — ex.  gr.,  Browne  Willis,  in 
his  Notitia  ParL,  makes  Monmouth  an  English  county.  But  it  has  become  a  general  and 
settled  opinion  only  within  the  present  century,  and,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  above  facts, 
for  no  better  reason  than  that  some  one  made  a  mistake  or  perpetrated  an  imposture,  and  that 
others  received  and  passed  on  what  had  been  coined. 


SECTION  V.— HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE,  A.D.  1541—1872. 

Sheriffs  were  first  appointed  for  Wales  by  Edward  I.,  but  as  his  conquests  did  not  properly 
include  the  country  now  covered  by  Monmouthshire,  which  was  a  part  of  the  Marches, 
where  criminal  law  was  administered  under  jura  regalia  in  each  lordship  by  its  own  lord, 
sheriffs  in  the  modern  sense  of  the  term  were  not  here  appointed.  The  office  in  its  functions 
was  in  fact  administered  by  the  lord  (see  further  p.  597).  By  the  Act  27th  Henry  VIII., 
c.  26,  Monmouthshire  was  made  a  county,  and  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  the  County  instituted. 
This  was  in  A.D.  1535,  but  some  delay  in  the  actual  appointment  of  a  person  to  the  office 
seems  to  have  occurred,  or  the  record  of  it  has  been  lost,  for  the  first  sheriff  known  to  have 
received  the  king's  writ  was  Charles  Herbert,  Esq.,  in  the  year  1541.  The  following  list  is 
based  upon  the  researches  of  the  late  industrious  Thomas  Wakeman,  Esq.  The  prominence 
of  the  two  great  families  of  Herbert  and  Morgan  in  the  earlier  periods  of  the  shrievalty  is 
very  remarkable.  As  to  the  Herberts,  for  a  considerable  space  in  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries  their  number  and  authority  in  several  of  the  counties  of  Wales,  South  and 
North,  greatly  surpass  those  of  any  other  clan. 


HENRY  VIII.  A.D. 

Charles  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Troy  [subs,  knighted]  1541 

Walter  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  St.  Julian's  .  .  1542- 
Walter  ap  Robert,  Esq.,  of  Pant-glas.  [Arms, 

per  pale  az.  and  sa.,  three  fleurs-de-lis  or — 

YNYR-GWENT] 1543 

Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  St.  Pierre.  [Arg.,  a  lion 

rampant  guardant  sa.]  ....  1544 
Reynold  ap  Howel,  Esq.,  of  Perth-hir.  [See 

under  Herbert  of  LlanartK\  .  .  .  1 545 

John  Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Mathern  .  .  1546 

EDWARD  VI. 

Anthony  Welsh,  Llanwern.  [Ermine,  abendsa.\  1547 
Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Pencoed  [afterwards 

knighted] 1548 

Sir  Charles  Herbert,  Kt.,  of  Troy.  [See  1541  ; 

was  M.P.  for  co.  under  Mary,  1553]  .  1549 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Tredegar.  [Or,  a 

griffin  segrcant  sa. ]  .         .         .         .         .1550 


A.D. 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Coldbrook      .         .  1551 
Walter  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Skenfrith  [nat.  son  of 

Sir  Charles  Herbert  of  Troy]             .         .  1552 

MARY. 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  St.  Julian's     .         .  1553 

Anthony  Welsh,  Esq.,  of  Llanwern         .         .  I554 

Walter  ap  Robert,  Esq. ,  of  Pant-glas  [see  1543]  1555 
William  ap  John  ap  Thomas,   Esq.,  ot  Tre- 

Owen.     [See  Llanarth  lineage]          .        .  1556 

Rowland  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Machen          .         .  1557 

Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Mathern       .         .         .  1558 

ELIZABETH. 

Sir  Thomas  Morgan,  Kt.,  of  Pencoed     .        .  1559 

Thomas  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Wonastow      .         .  1560 
George  James,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  Rhyclderch. 
[  Or,  a  wyvern's  head  erased  vert,  bloody  hand 
in  mouth  eraied  ativrist\.         .         .         .1561 


76o 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


A.D. 

Roger  Williams,  Esq.,  ofLlangibby.   [Cyronny 

of  eight  ermine  andsa.,  a  lion  rampant  or]  1562 
William  Herbert,  Esq.  [place  not  certain]  .  1563 
William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  St.  Julian's  .  .  1564 
William  Morgan,  Esq.  [place  not  certain]  .  1565 
John  Henry  Kemeys,  Esq. ,  of  Newport.  [  Vert, 

on  a  chevron  arg.,  three pheons  sa.]  .  ,  1566 
William  John  ap  Roger,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny. 

[Herbert  arms] 1567 

William  Morgan,  Esq.,  ofLlantarnam.  [Arms 

of  Morgan.  See  1550]  ....  1568 
Christopher  Welsh,  Esq.,  of  Llanwern  .  .  1569 
Rowland  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Llan-fedw  .  .  157° 
William  Herbert,  Esq. ,  of  Coldbrook  .  .  1571 
Thomas  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Wonastow  .  .  1572 
William  Morgan,  Esq. ,  of  Wern-gochan  ?  [  Three 

•wolves passant  in  pale  arg.~\  ,  .  .  1573 
Miles  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Tredegar.  [Morgan 

arms  as  under  1550]  ....  1574 
Rowland  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Faendre.  [Arms 

as  under  1566] 1575 

Christopher  Welsh,  Esq.,  of  Llanwern  .  .  1576 
Richard  Morgan,  Esq.  [place  uncertain]  .  1577 

William  John  ap  Roger,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny 

[see  1567] 1578 

William  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  St.  Pierre  .  .  1579 

Sir  William  Herbert,  Kt.,  of  St.  Julian's  .  1580 
Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Machen  .  .  1581 

Edward  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Pencarn.  [Arg.,  three 

bulls '  heads  c abashed  sa.  ]  .  .  .  .1582 
Edward  Morgan,  Esq.,  ofLlantarnam.  [Arms  of 

Morgan.  See  1550]  ....  1583 
Matthew  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Coldbrook  .  .  1584 
William  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  Rhydderch. 

[Cheeky  or  and  az.,  on  a  fesse  gu.,  three 

leopards'  heads  jessant,  fleur-de-lis  or\  .  1585 
Richard  Morgan,  Esq.  [place  not  certain]  .  1586 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  ofTre-Owen.  [See  Herbert 

of Llanarth] 1587 

Henry  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Pen-llwyn.  [Arg.,  a 

lion  rampant  guardant  sa.]  .  .  .  1588 
Henry  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Wonastow  .  .  1589 
Nicholas  Herbert,  Esq.  [place  not  given]  .  1590 
Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Fan  [Glamorgan]  .  1591 
Walter  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caldecot.  [Ermine, 

a  saltier  gu.~\    ......     1592 

Rowland  Morgan,  Esq. ,  of  Bedwellty.  [Arms 

as  1579] IS93 

Walter  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Magor  .  .  .  1594 
Matthew  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Coldbrook  .  .  1595 
Matthew  Prichard,  Esq. ,  of  Llanover.  [Art/is 

as  1561] 1596 

Andrew     Morgan,     Esq.,     of     Llanfihangel. 

[Tredegar  arms.  See  1550]  .  .  .  1597 
Henry  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Wonastow  ;  died,  and 

succ.  by—  g 

William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  the  Friars.     [Arms 

as  1550]  

Henry  Billingsley,  Esq.,  of  Penhow  .  .  1599 
Richard  Kemeys,  Esq.  [place  not  given]  .  1600 


Edward  Kemeys  [Keven-Mabley?    See  Glam. 

Sheriffs,  1605]  .....  1601 
Edward  Morgan,  Esq.  [place  not  given]  .  1602 

JAMES  I. 

Henry  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Penllwyn.     [Arms  as 

1568]      .......     1603 

John  Gaynsford,  Esq.  [place,  and  name  other- 

wise, not  known]  .....  1604 
Rowland  Williams,  Esq.,  Llangibby.  [Arms 

as  in  1562]       ......     1605 

Valentine  Prichard,  Esq.  [of  Llanover  ?]  .  .  1606 
William  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llanfoist.  [Arms  of 

Ynyr-Gvient.  See  1543]  .  .  .  1607 
Sir  Walter  Montague,  Kt.  ,  of  Pen-coed.  [Arg., 

three  fusils  in  fesse  gu.~\  ....  1608 
Charles  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Dingestow,  afterwards 

knighted.     [Az.,  three  talbots'  heads  erased 


;ar    . 
[Arms  as 
[Herbert 

[Coel-dre  ; 

1609 
1610 

Kill 

1612 
1613 

1614 
1615 

Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  St.  Pierre 
William  Rawlins,  Esq.,  ofTre-gaer 
Sir  William  Morgan,  Kt.,  of  Tredegar 
Roger  Bathern,  Esq.,  of  Penhow    . 
Giles  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Pen-crug. 

in  1561] 
William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Trewern. 

arms]     ..... 
Thomas    Van,   Esq.,    of   Coldra 

arms,  Sa.,  a  chevron  between  3  bees  or]  .  1616 
Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  pf  Rhiw-pera.  [After- 

wards knighted.     Arms,  Arg.,  three  bulls' 

heads  caboshed  sa.,  a  mullet  for  diff.~\  .  1617 
George  Milbourne,  Esq.,  of  Wonastow.  [Arg., 

a  cross  moline  sa.]  .....  1618 
William  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Cil-Uwch.  [Her- 

bert arms']       ......     1619 

Thomas  Cocks,   Esq.  [place  not  given.     Or, 

three  bars  az.  on  a  canton  arg.,  a  lion's 

head  erased  gu.,  langued  az.  ]  .  .  .  1620 
Walter  Aldey,  Esq.,  ofChepstow  Hardwick  .  1621 
Robert  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Grondre  .  .  .  1622 
William  Walter,  Esq.,  of  Persfield.  [Vert,  a 

squirrel  segreant  or]  ....  1623 
David  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  Rhydderch. 

[Arms  as  in  1585]  .....     1624 

CHARLES  I. 

Edward  Morgan,  Esq.  [place  not  given]  .  1625 
Sir  Charles  Somerset,  Kt.,  of  Troy.  [Sixth  son 

of  Edward,    fourth    Earl   of  Worcester  ; 

made  Knight  of  the  Bath  1610,  —  Collins]  1626 
Sir  Charles  Williams,  Kt.,  of  Llangibby  .  .  1627 
William  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  "Kemeys"  .  .  1628 
William  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Perth-oleu.  [Sa., 

three  pheons  arg.,  the  two  in  chief  point  to 

point,  that  in  base  the  point  downwards']  .  1629 
John  Walter,  Esq.,  of  Persfield  .  .  .  1630 
William  Baker,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny.  [Arg., 

two  chevronels  sa.]  .....  '63' 
Nicholas  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Llanfair  .  .  1632 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


761 


A.D. 


Nicholas  Arnold,  Esq.,  of  Llanfihangel  Crug- 

Comeu   .......     1633 

Lewis  Van,  Esq.,  of  Coel-dre          .         .         .     1634 
George     Milbourne,     Esq.,     of     Wonastow. 

[Arms  as  in  1618]  .....  1635 
Henry  Probert,  Esq.,  of  Pant-glas  .  .  .  1636 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Ty-mawr.  [Arms 

as  in  1550]       ......     1637 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Coldbrook      .         .      1638 
Nicholas  Moor,  Esq.,   of  Crick.     [Arg.,  threi 

bars  sa^\  ......     1639 

No  name        .......     1640 

No  name        ....... 

Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Llan-soar.     [Arms 

as  1582]  ....... 

Philip  Jones,  of  Tre-Owaln.     [Lt.-Col.,  after- 

wards knighted  ;  one  of  the  defenders  of 

Raglan  Castle  against  Fairfax.     See  Her- 

bert of  Llanarth,  lineage]          .         .         . 
Thomas  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llanfoist.     [Arms  as 

under  1543]  .  ..... 

Sir  Edward  Morgan,  Kt.,  of  Pen-coed     .         . 
No  name        ....... 

William  Morgan,  Esq.   [of  Pentridge  ?    Arms, 

Gu.  ,  three  chevronels  arg.']         .         .         . 
Henry  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Caldecot         .         . 


1641 
1642 


1643 

1644 
1645 
1646 

1647 
1648 


THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 

No  name  given       ......  1649 

Roger  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Newport          .        .  1650 

No  name  given       ......  1651 

No  name  given       ......  1652 

Edward  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Perth-oleu      .         .  1653 

OLIVER  CROMWELL,   LORD  PROTECTOR. 

No  name  given 1654 

No  name  given       .  .         .         .         .  1655 

John  Price  [no  place  given  ;  query  of  Gelli-hir? 

See  Parl.  Ann.  oj  Glam.,  1654 — 8]          .  1656 

Charles  Herbert,  Esq.,  ofHadnock?       .         .  1657 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

[Vert,  a 


Roger  Bates,   Esq.,    of   Cefn-tilla. 

chevron  between  three  garbs  or] 
Charles  Van,  Esq.,  of  Coldra  [Coel-dre] 


CHARLES  II. 


1658 
1659 


1660 


[Arms, 


Charles  Van,  Esq.,  the  same  . 
Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,   of  Machen. 

Or,  a  griffin  segreant  sa.  ]  . 
William  Jones,  Esq. ,  of  Llanishen  . 
George  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of  Itton.  [Sa.,  afesseor 

between  two  swords  in  pale  arg. ,  hilled  or, 

<5rv.  See  Gwyn  of  Dyjfryri\  . 
Roger  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-tilla.  [Llangibby 

arms] 1664 

Philip    Cecil,    Esq.,    of  Dyffryn.     [Arms   of 

Cecil,  Marquess  of  Exeter]       .         .         .     1665 
Walter  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Llantilio,  Perth-oleu     1666 


1661 
1662 


1663 


Christopher  Perkins,  Esq.,  of  Pilston.     [Arg., 

a  Jesse  dancette  between  six  billets  sa.}          .  1667 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Coldbrook     .         .  1668 
John  Arnold,   Esq.,   of  Llanfihangel,    Crug- 

corneu 1669 

Sir  John  Scudamore,  Kt..  of  Ballingham.   [Gu., 

three  stirrups  leathered  and  buckled  or]       .  1670 
Roger  Bates,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-tilla       .         .         .1671 

Col.  Philip  Jones,  of  Llanarth         .         .         .  1672 

Thomas  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Usk        .         .         .  1673 
John  Walter,  Esq.,  of  Persfield       .         .         .1674 
John   Gwyn,   Esq.,   of  Ty-verie.     [Or,    on  a 
chevron  couched  sinister  between  three  birds 
sa.,  five  millets  arg.    "  These  very  curious 
arms  are  from  his  seal  to  a  deed,  penes 

J.  A.  Herbert,  Esq."]      ....  1675 

Rowland  Prichard,  Esq.  [no  place  given]     '  .  1676 

John  Loof,  Esq.  [no  place  given]    .         ,         .  1677 

William  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Kemeys          .         .  1678 

James  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Coldbrook         .         .  1679 
Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Penrhds.  [Tredegar 

arms.     See  1550]    .        .        .        .         .  1680 

William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny.     [Gu., 
three  lions  rampant  arg.  on  a  canton  sa.,  a 

Jrttor]    .......  1681 

Edward  Nicholas,  Esq.,  of  Tre-llech       .         .  1682 

John  Gabb,  Esq.,  of  Grosmont        .         .         .  1683 

Walter  Evans,  Esq.  [no  place  given]       .         .  1684 

JAMES  II. 

Robert  Gunter,  Esq.,  Abergavenny         .         .  1685 

Nicholas  Jones,  Esq.,  ofMagor       .         .         .  1686 

Richard  Roberts,  Esq.  [no  place  given]  .         .  1687 
Philip  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llanarth.     [See  Herbert 

of  Llanarth"] 1688 

WILLIAM  AND  MARY. 

Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Tredegar        .        .  1689 

Charles  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llanfoist     .         .         .  1690 

David  Evans,  Esq.  [no  place  given]         .         .  1691 
Edward  Fielding,  Esq.,  of  Tintem  Parva  [an 

alderman  of  Bristol]         ....  1692 

John  Floyer,  Esq.,  of  Llantilio  Perth-oleu      .  1693 

Thomas  Jones,  Esq.  [no  place  giren]       .         .  1694 

George  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Kemeys  .        .        .  1695 

WILLIAM  III. 

Edward  Perkyns,  Esq.,  of  Pilston.     [Arms  as 

under  1667]     ......  1696 

John  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Machen       .         .         .  1697 

George  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Pen-how     .         .         .  1698 

George  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Kemeys  .         .         .  1699 

Edmund  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Pen-Ilwyn     .         .  1700 

Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Llanrumney   .         .  1701 

ANNE. 

William  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Tre-worgen  and  Llan- 

ddewi  Rhydderch.     [Arms  as  under  1585]  1702 

David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Hendre         .         .         .  1703 


762 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Lewis  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Penylan.     [Tredegar 

arms.     See  1550] I7°4 

Thomas  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Llangattwg  Vibonavel. 

[Herbert  arms  within  a  bordure  company 

arg.  and gu.~\  .....     I7°5 

John  Curre,  Esq.,  of  Rogerston  Grange.  [Arg., 

on  a  fesse  between  three  cross  crosslets  sa., 

three  martlets  or} 1706 

Vere  Herbert,  Esq.,  of   Caldecot.    [Herbert 

arms]      .......     I7°7 

John  Springet,  Esq.,  of  Grosmont  .         .         .     1708 
David  Lewis,  Esq.  [no  place  given]         .         .     1709 
Christopher  Perkyns,  Esq.,  of  Pilstone    .         .     1710 
Thomas  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llanfoist     .         .         .     17" 
Walter  [qy.  Walwyn  ?]  Cecil,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn. 

[Arms  as  before]      .....     1712 

Giles  Meredith,  Esq.,  of  Llanelen  .        .         .     1713 
John  Walter,  Esq.,  of  Persfield       .        .        .     17H 

GEORGE  I. 

Christopher  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llanfoist       .         .     I7'5 
William  Jones,  Esq. ,  of  Usk  Priory.     [Arg. ,  a 
chevron  gu.  between  three  spear-heads  im- 
brued sa.'}         1716 

James  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Gelli-wig.     [Gu.,  a 
chevron    between    three   rams'    heads   ca- 

boshed  or\ 1717 

Charles  Van,  Esq. ,  of  Llanwern  .  .  .  1718 
Lawrence  Lord,  Esq.,  of  Kemeys  [a  stranger 

who  purchased  the  manor  of  Kemeys]  .  17^9 
Edward  Thomas,  Esq.  [no  place  given]  .  .  1 720 
Charles  Probert,  Esq.,  of  Tre-llech  .  .  1721 
Henry  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Bedwellty.  [Arg.,  a 

lion  rampant  guardant  sa]        .        .         .     1722 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Pant-y-goetre          .         .     1723 
Matthew  Powell,  Esq.,  ofLlantilio  Crossenny. 
[Quart. :  I  and  4,  or,  three  lions  couchant 
gu.  ;  2  and  3,  per  chevron  embattled  or  and 
gu.,  three  cinquefoih  pierced  counterchangcd]     1724 
Morgan  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Llanrumney.    [Arms 

as  under  1550] 1725 

Richard  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Court-y-gollen  .         .     1726 

GEORGE  II. 

Henry  Gore,  Esq.,  of  Langston.     [Gu.,  a  fesse 

between  three  cross  crosslets  fitchee  or\  .  1727 

David  Miles,  Esq.,  of  Llandderfel  .  .  .  1728 

Robert  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Grondre  .  .  .  1729 
John  Gwynne,  Esq.,  of  Ty-verie.  [Arms  as 

under  1675] 1730 

Henry  Nash,  Esq.,  of  Nash  .  .  .  .1731 
Edmund  Bradbury,  Esq.,  of  Crick  (Crug}. 

[Sa.,  a  chevron  ermine  betw.  3  buckles  arg.]  1732 

William  Rees,  Esq.,  of  St.  Bride's.  .  .  1733 
Henry  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Bedwellty.  [Arms  as 

under  1722] 1734 

Richard  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Court-y-gollen.  [Arms 

as  under  1561,  1596]  ....  1735 

William  Bonner,  Esq.  [place  not  known]  .  1736 


A.D. 
Anthony  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  Skyrrid. 

[Gu.,  three  chevronels  arg.]        .         .         .     1737 
William  Seys,  Esq.,  of  Gaer.     [Sa.,  a  chevron 
between    three   spear-heads    imbrued   arg. 
These   arms   were   quartered   by   Seys  of 
Boverton,  Glam.]     .....      I73& 
Paul  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow.     [Ermine, 

a  lion  rampant  sa.]  ....     1739 

Thomas  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Llangattwg  Vibonavel. 

[Herbert,  in  a  bordure  company  arg.  andgu]  1 740 
Francis  Jenkins,  Esq.,  ofCaerau  .  ,  .  1741 
Richard  Clerk,  Esq.,  of  The  Hill  .  .  .1742 
Edward  Perkyns,  Esq.,  of  Pillston.  [Arms  as 

under  1667] 1743 

James   Tudor   Morgan,    Esq.,    of  Llangattwg 
Llyngoed.     [Per  pale,  arg.   and  sa.,   two 
lions  rampant  regardant  counterchanged]     1744 
William  Aldey,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow  Hard  wick     1745 
Thomas  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Glascoed.     [Arg.,  a 

chevron  gu.  between  three  fleurs-de-lis  sa.]  1746 
John  Day,  Esq. ,  of  Dinham  [qy.  Dinamf]  .  1747 
Aubrey  Barnes,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth  .  .  1 748 
Sydenham  Shipway,  Esq. ,  of  Caldecot  .  .  1 749 
Philip  Fisher,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth  .  .  .  1750 
Evan  Jones,  Esq.  [place  not  given]  .  .  1751 
Thomas  Parry,  Esq.  [place  not  given]  .  .  1752 
William  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Glascoed.  [Arms  as 

under  1746] 1753 

John  Chambers,  Esq.,   of  Llanfoist.     [An.,  a 
right  arm  in  armour  embowed  or,  holding 
a  red  rose  slipped,  leaved ppr.]    .         ,         .     1754 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Graig-with  [Craig-gwydd  ?]     1755 
David  Tregoze,  Esq. ,  of  Tre-girog  .         .     1756 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  ofLlantilio  Crossenny        .     1757 
Rowland  Pytt,  Esq.,  of  Raglan       .         .         .     1758 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-gwyn.      [Tre- 
degar arms.     See  ,1550]   ....     1759 
William  Curre,  Esq.,  of  Itton.    [Arms  as  under 

1706] 1760 

GEORGE  III. 

William  Phillips,    Esq.,    of  Whitson.     [Gu., 

three  boars' heads  erased  or]  .  .  .  1761 

John  Roberts,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny  .  .  1762 

Allan  Lord,  Esq. ,  of  Kemeys  .  .  .  1763 
William  Lloyd,  Esq.,  The  Hill,  Abergavenny. 

[Or,  a  lion  rampant  sa.]  .  .  .  1764 

Solomon  Joties,  Esq.,  ofLlantilio  Pertholeu  .  1765 

William  Winsmore,  Esq.,  of  Pant-y-goetre  .  1766 
Thomas  John  Medlicott,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth 

[agent  to  Duke  of  Beaufort]  .  .  .  1767 
Richard  Lucas,  Esq.,  of  Llangattwg  juxta  Usk. 

[A  rg. ,  on  a  canton  sa.  a  ducal  coronet  or]  .  1 768 

George  Duberley,  Esq.,  of  Dingestow  .  .  1769 
Charles  Milbome,  Esq.,  of  Wonastow.  [Arg., 

a  cross  moline  sa.]  .....  1770 

Thomas  Fletcher,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth  .  .  1771 

Thomas  Fydale,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow,  merchant  1772 
Morgan  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  St.  Pierre.  [Arms  as 

under  1544]     .         .         .         .  .      .         .  1773 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


763 


A.D. 

James  Davis,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow  .  .  .  1774 
William  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of  Caerleon.  [Sa., 

three pheons  arg}  .....  1775 
Philip  Meakins,  Esq.,  of  Hardwick,  Monmouth  1776 
Edmund  Probyn,  Esq.,  of  Newland.  {Ermine, 

on  a  fast  git.,  a  lion  passant  or]  ,  .  1777 
Charles  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llanfoist  [Arms  under 

1543] '778 

William  Addams  Williams,  Esq.,  ofLlangibby  1779 
Thomas  Hooper,  Esq.,  of  Pant-y-goetre  .  1780 
William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Nash,  Gloucestershire  1781 
Edward  Thomas,  Esq.  [place  not  given]  .  1782 
Elisha  Briscoe,  Esq.,  of  Dixton  .  .  .1783 
Christopher  Chambre,  Esq.,  of  Llanfoist  .  1784 
William  Rees,  Esq.,  of  St.  Bride's  .  .  .'785 
Robert  Salusbury,  Esq.,  of  Llanwern.  [Git., 
a  lion  rampant  arg. ,  dttcally  crowned  or, 
between  litres  crescents  of  the  last}  .  .  1786 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow.  .  .  1787 
George  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Persfield  .  .  .1788 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  St.  Pierre.  [Arms 

under  1544] 1789 

William  Dinwoody,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny      .     1790 
William    Harrison,    Esq.,    of    Ton,    Raglan. 
[The  inventor  of  the  timepiece  for  finding 

the  longitude] 1791 

David  Tanner,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth          .         .     I792 
John  Hanbury  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Coldbrook. 
[Or,   a  bend  engrailed  •vert  plain   cotised 

sa.] 1793 

John  Rolls,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn.     [For  arms,  see 

Rolls  of  Hendre} 1794 

Richard  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Argoed  .  .  .  1795 
Henry  Barnes,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth  .  .  1796 
Thomas  Stoughton,  Esq.,  of  Pontypool  .  .  179? 
Robert  Morgan  Kinsey,  Esq.,  of  Abergavenny  1798 
Capel  Hanbury  Leigh,  Esq.,  of  Ponty- 
pool. [Or,  a  bend  engrailed  vert  plain 

cotised  sa.] 1799 

Benjamin   Waddington,    Esq.,    of   Llanover. 

[See  Lady  Llanover  of  Llanover}       .         .     1800 
Thomas  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Tidenham.     [Or, 

a  griffin  passant  vert}       ....     1801 

Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.,  The  Hill,  Abergavenny     1802 
George  Jones,   Esq.,  of  Salisbury   in  Magor. 
[Sa.,    a    stag    at  gaze  arg.    attired  and 
unguled  or}      .         .         .         .         .         .     1803 

William  Addams  Williams,  Esq.,  ofLlangibby  1804 
Joseph  Price,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth  .  .  .  1805 
William  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Whitson.  [Arms 

under  1761] 1806 

William  Partridge,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth  .  .1807 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Mamhilod.  [Arg., 

a  lion  rampant guardant  sa.'}  .  .  .  1808 
John  K.  G.  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Perth-oleu  .  1809 
William  Pilkington,  Esq.,  of  Hilston.  [Arg., 

a  cross  fiory  patonce  voided gu.}  .  .  1810 
Hugh  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Llanfihangel.  [See 

Pffwetl- Rodney} 1811 

Charles  Lewis,    Esq.,  of  St.   Pierre.      [Arms 

under  1544] 1812 


Samuel  Homfray,  Esq.,  of  Pendarren.  [Quart.  : 
(  and  4,  gu.,  a  cross  batonnee  ermine ;  2nd 
quart.,  arg.  and  sa.;  yd,  sa.  4  pallets 
ermine}  .  .  .  .  .  .  .1813 

Samuel  Bosanquet,  Esq.,  of  Dingestow.  [See 

Bo sanquet  of  Dingestow  Court}  .  .  1814 

Sir  Samuel  B.  Fludyer,  Bart.,  of  Trostre.  [Sa., 
a  cross  patonce  between  four  escallops  arg., 
each  charged  with  a  cross  patonce  of  the  field}  1815 

Sir  Henry  Prothero,  Kt.,  of  Llanternam. 

[Arg.,  a  lion  rampant guardant  sa.~\  .  1816 

Robert  Thompson,  Esq.,  of  Tintern  Abbey    .     1817 

Nathaniel  Wells,  Esq.,  of  Persfield  [Piercefield]     1818 

George  Buckle,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow          .         .     1819 

GEORGE  IV. 

Sir  Robert  J.  A.  Kemeys,  Kt.,  of  Malpas        .  1820 

Charles  M.  P.  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Tredegar       .  1821 

James  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow  .         .         .  1822 

Joseph  Bailey,  Esq.,  of  Nant-y-glo          .         .  1823 

John  Partridge,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth        .         .  1824 

James  Proctor,  Esq. ,  of  Chepstow  .         .         .  1 825 
Benjamin  Hall,  Esq.,  of  Llanover  [afterw.  cr. 

a  Bart,  and  a  Baron.     See  Lady  Llanover}  1826 
William  Addams  Williams,  Esq.,  ofLlangibby  1827 
William  Morgan,  Esq. ,  of  Pant-y-goetre          .  1828 
Thomas  Fothergill,  Esq.,  of  Caerleon.     [Vtrt, 
a  buck's  head  couped  with  a  bordure  en- 
grailed or}        1829 

WILLIAM  IV. 

Iltyd  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of  Usk.    [Sa.,  three  pheons 

arg.} 1830 

William  Hollis,  Esq.,  of  Shire-Newton.     [Sa., 

a  bend  between  two  talbots passant  arg.}      .  1831 

Sir  Mark  Wood,  Bart.,  of  Rhymney        .         .  1832 

William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Courtfield     .         .  1833 

Charles  Marriott,  Esq.,  of  Dixton    .         .         .  1834 
John  Buckle,  Esq.,  of  Wye-lands    .         .        .1835 

George  Rooke,  Esq.,  of  Llandogo  .         .        .  1836 


VICTORIA. 

Philip  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llanarth.     [See  Herbert 

ofLlanarth} 1837 

John  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Caerleon  .  .  .  1838 
Colethurst  Bateman,  Esq.,  of  Berth-oleu  .  1839 
Summers  Harford,  Esq.,  of  Sirhowy.  [Sa., 

two  bends  arg.  on  a  canton  az.  a  bend  or}  .  1840 
Samuel  Homfray,  Esq.,  of  Bedwellty  .  .  1841 
John  E.  W.  Rolls,  Esq.,  of  Hendre.  [See 

Rolls  ofHenare} 1842 

Sir   Digby   Mackworth,  Bart.,    of   Glan-Usk. 
[Per  pale  indented,    sa.    and  ermine,    a 
chevron  gu.,  fretty  or}       .         .         .         .1843 
William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Clytha.     [See  Herbert 

ofClytha} l844 

William  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Whitson          „         .     1845 


764 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


A.D. 

Thomas  Prothero,  Esq.,  of  Malpas  Court         .  1846 

William  Mark  Wood,  Esq.,  of  Rhymney         .  1847 
C.   J.   Kemeys-Tynte,  Esq.,   of  Cefn-Mabley, 

Clam.      .......  1848 

Edward  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Pontypool  .  .  1849 
John  Arthur  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Llanarth  .  .  1850 
Crawshaw  Bailey,  Esq.,  ofNant-y-glo  .  .  1851 
John  Russell,  Esq.,  of  Wye-lands  .  .  .  1855 
Edward  Bagnall  Dimmock,  Esq.,  of  Ponty- 
pool    1856 

Thomas  Gratrex,  Esq.,  of  Court  St.  Lawrence  1857 

Hon.  Godfrey  Charles  Morgan,  of  Tredegar    .  1858 

Edward  Matthew  Curre,  Esq.,  of  Itton   .         .  1859 
Hon.  William  Powell-Rodney,  of  Llanfihangel 

Court.    [Or,  three  eagles  displayed purpure\  1860 


James  Proctor  Carruthers,  Esq.,  of  Grondre  . 
John  Best  Snead,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow  .  . 
Henry  Martyn  Kennard,  Esq.,  of  Crumlin  Hall 
Lt.-Col.  Henry  C.  Byrde,  of  Goetre  House  . 
Arthur  Davies  Berrington,  Esq.,  of  Pant-y- 

Goetre     ....... 

Henry  Cotton  Finch,  Esq.,  of  Blaenavon  . 
George  R.  Greenhow-Relph,  Esq.,  of  Beech 

Hill        ....... 

Frank  Johnstone  Mitchell,  Esq.,  Llanvrechva 

Grange    ....... 

John  Lawrence,  Esq.,  of  Crick  House  .  . 
Edward  Lister,  Esq.,  of  Cefn  Ila  .  .  . 
Thomas  Cordes,  Esq.,  of  Bryn  Glas  .  . 
James  Charles  Hill,  Esq.,  The  Brooks  .  . 


A.D. 

1  86  1 
1862 


1864 

1865 
1866 

1867 

1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 


SECTION  VI.— PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE, 

A.D.    1542 — 1872. 

The  Act  which  put  an  end  to  the  government  of  the  Lords  Marchers  gave  the  inhabitants 
the  right  to  send  delegates  to  represent  their  wishes  at  the  English  Parliament.  But,  as  in 
the  case  of  sheriffs,  we  do  not  discover  that  the  Act  became  at  once  operative  in  procuring  an 
election  of  members.  The  first  election  discovered  was  in  the  first  year  of  Edward  VI. 
(1547),  which  was  twelve  years  after  the  passing  of  the  27th  Henry  VIII. — the  Act  which 
created  the  county  of  Monmouth,  and  gave  that  county  the  privilege  of  sending  two  knights 
to  expound  its  opinions  and  needs  at  Westminster,  and  to  the  borough  of  Monmouth,  as  a 
"  shire  town,"  the  right  of  sending  one  burgess.  The  members  for  the  county  and  for  the 
borough  of  Monmouth  are  here  given  together  for  each  year.  By  the  Reform  Act  Newport 
and  Usk  were  made  Contributory  Boroughs  along  with  Monmouth. 


A.D. 


EDWARD  VI. 

Sir  William  Morgan,  Kt.  [of  Tre-  j 
degar  ;  was  sheriff  in  1550]   ./ 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Cold-  (  I0 
brook  [sheriff  in  1551]  .         .  ' 

Giles  Morgan,  Esq.   [see  son  of  Sir  William 
above],  for  the  Bor. 

Sir  William  Herbert,  Kt.,  for  the  Co.      . 

None  named  in  Browne  Willis  for  the  Bor. 


1547 


:] 


MARY. 

Sir  Charles  Herbert,  Kt.,  of  Troy,  sheriff  1549 
Thomas  Somerset,   Esq.   [2nd  son  of  Henry; 

2nd  Earl  of  Worcester,  d.  1587],  for  Co.  . 
John  Philip  Morgan,  Esq.[ofPencoed?],for5i7/-. 
Thomas  Herbert,  Esq.  [of  Won- ) 

astow,    sheriff  for  1560]         .  >  for  the  Co. 
James  Gunter,  Esq.      .         .         .  ) 
John  Philip  Morgan,  Esq.,  as  above,  for  Bor. 


«S53 


1554 


f      h 


for  the  Co. 


PHILIP  AND  MARY. 

John  Somerset,  Esq.  . 

David  Lewes,  Esq.,  LL.D. 

John  Philip  Morgan  (as  before)  for  the  Bor. 

William  Herbert,  Esq.  [of  Cold- 
brook?]  .... 

William  Morgan,  Esq.  [of  Llan- 
ternam]  .... 

Thomas  Lewes,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  .         . 

Francis  Somerset,  Esq.  .  )  , 

,,..„.  ,        !  for  the  Co. 

William  Morgan,  Esq.  (as  before)  j 

Matthew  Herbert,  Esq.  [of  Cold- 
brook] 
Rees  Lewis,  Esq.,  z//«Herbert<£v. 


for  the /tor. 


A.D. 


'554 


MSSS 


•'557 


ELIZABETH. 

David  Lewes,  Esq.,  LL.D.         . 
Rowland  Arnold  (?)    . 
Morys  ap  Howel  for  the  Bor. 
Matthew  Herbert,  Esq.  (as  above) 
George  Herbert,  Esq. 


for  the  Co. 


for  the  Co. 


1558 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


765 


for  the  Bar. 


•  for  the  Co. 


.  for  the  Co. 


Walter  Horton,  Gent. 

John  Cook,  Esq.,  vice  Horton 

Charles  Somerset,  Esq.  [of  Troy, 

knighted  1610]     . 
William  Morgan,   Esq.,  of  Llan- 

ternam  .  .  .  .  / 
Charles  Herbert,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar. 
Charles  Somerset,  Esq.  [of  Troy,-» 

as  above]      .         .         .         •i.ft'hf 
Henry  Herbert,  Esq.   [of  Won-{ 
astow]          .         .        .         .3 
More  ap  Howel,  Esq.,  died,  and* 

in  his  place—  C  fortheSor. 

William  Morgan,  Esq.         .         .  3 
Sir  William  Herbert,  Kt.  [of  St.  ^ 

Julian's]       .... 
Edward  Morgan,  Esq.  [of  Llanter- 

nam]  .  .  .  .  .  ) 
Morys  Guilym,  Gent.,  for  the  Bar.  . 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,ofTredegar'>  ,  ,  ,, 
William  Prodgers  [ap  Roger~\  .  J 
Philip  Jones,  Esq.  [qy.  ofLlanarth?  ) 
afterw.  Lieut.-Col.  and  Kt.]]  i 
Sir  William  Herbert,  Kt.,  of  St.  ) 

Julian's        .        .        .         .  [  for  the  Co. 
Edward  Kemmys,Esq. ,  ofKemmes  ) 
Edward  Hubbard,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar, 
Henry  Herbert,  Esq.  [of    Won--) 

astow  ?]        . 
John    Arnold,    Esq.    [of  Llanfi- 

hangel?]      .         .         .         .  J 

Robert  Johnson,  Gent.,  for  the  Bar. 

Thomas  Somerset  [knighted  1604;  \ 

3rd   son   of  Edward,    fourth  I 

Earl  of  Worcester]         .         .  I 

Henry  Morgan  [of  Penllwyn  ?]     .  1 

Robert  Johnson  (as  above)  for  the  Bar. 

JAMES  I. 

John  Somerset,  Esq.  .         .         .  j 

Sir  John   Herbert,    Kt    [qy.   of  >  for  the  Co. 

Neath  Abbey  ?]    .         .         .3 
Robert  Johnson  (the  same)  for  the  Bar.  . 
Sir  Edward  Morgan,  Kt.,  for  the  Co.      .         .' 
Sir  Robert  Johnson,  Kt,  for  the  Bar.     .         .  J 
Sir  Edward  Morgan,  Kt.  (thesame)  ) 
Charles  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Llan-  >  for  the  Co. 

gibby  .         .         .         .         .  ) 
Thomas  Ravenscroft,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar. 

[This  is  a  name  unknown  in  Wales  except 
here  and  in  Flintshire,  where  William 
Ravenscroft  was  member  for  the  county 
for  several  years.  The  family  lived  at 
Bretton,  Hawarden  (see  pp.  440,  443),  and 
intermarried  with  \heSalusburys  of  Llew- 
eni,  Denb.,  one  of  whose  descendants 
became  resident  at  Llanwern,  Mon.,— a 
branch  only  recently  extinct.  Did  this 
connection  lead  to  the  relation  of  Thomas 
Ravenscroft  to  the  borough  of  Mon.  ?] 


A.D. 
1563 


.1572 


MS86 


1588 


1592 


•  for  the  Co.  \ 


•  for  the  Co. 


'597 


1601 


1603 


1614 


1620 


J 


Sir 


for  the 
Co. 


.  for  the  Co. 


Robert  Sydney,  Viscount  Lisle,  of', 
Penshurst  [See  the  connection  of 
the  Sydney  family  with  cos.  Mon. 
and  Glam., under  Carnage  of  Coity 
Castle.  He  was  cr.  Earl  of 
Leicester  1618  ;  title  extinct  with 
Jocelyn,  7th  Earl,  1743,— see  pp. 

566—8] 

William      Morgan,      Kt.       [of 
Tredegar]  .... 

Walter  Steward,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar. 

The  same  as  for  1623 

CHARLES  I. 

William  Herbert,  Esq.  [of  Cold-  } 

brook,  sheriff '1638]  . 
Nicholas  Arnold,  Esq.,  of  Llan- 

fihangel  [sheriff  1633]         .  I 
William  Fortescue,  Gent.,  for  the  Bar. 
Nicholas  Kemeys,  Esq.  [of  Llan-  ^ 

fair,  sheriff  1632]          .         .  /  for  the 
Nicholas  Arnold,  Esq.,  of  Llan-  l    Co.    . 

fihangel  (as  above)  .  .  1 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar. 
William  Morgan,  Esq.  [of  Ty-j 

mawr  ?  ]  .        .         .        .  f  for  the  Co 
Walter  Rumsey,  Esq.      .        .  ) 
Charles  Jones,  Esq.,  Recorder,  for  the  Bar. 
William    Herbert,     Esq.   (the\ 

same) 

John  Herbert,  Esq.         .         .  \  for  the  Co. 
Henry  Herbert,  Esq.,  vice  John  I 

Herbert   .         .         .         .' 
Thomas  Trevor,  Esq. 
Thomas  Pury,  jun.,  vice  Trevor 


A.U. 


1623 


1st  session  1625 


•     2nd 
session 
1625 


1628 


1st 

session 
1640 


2nd 

session 

1640 


THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 

[The  "  Rump"  or  "Little"  Parliament  being 
dismissed,  the  "Barebones"  Parliament 
is  now  called  (see  p.  403).  For  all  the 
other  cos.  of  Wales  six  members  without 
specific  constituencies  are  summoned.  For 
their  names  see  p.  606.] 

Philip  Jones,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 

[This  was  not  one  of  several  of  that 
name  of  Llanarth  and  Tre-Owain,  but 
the  distinguished  Cromwellite  officer  in 
Glamorganshire,  Comptroller  of  the  House- 
hold to  the  Lord  Protector,  raised  to  the 
House  of  Peers,  &c.  See  Jones  of  Fonmon 
Castle.] 

No  name  given  for  the  Bar. 

OLIVER  CROMWELL,  ,LORD   PROTECTOR. 

Richard,  Lord  Cromwell  [son  of  the  Protector] \ 
Col.  Philip  Jones  [the  same  as  above;  he  was  I  forthe 
also  M.P.   for   Glam.  same  year.       See  [      "."' 
Farl.  Ann.  of  Glam.  1654]     .         .         .)        54 
No  name  given  for  the  Bor. 


766 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


A.D. 

Major-Gen.  James  Berry      .         .        .        . ") 
[A  Cromwellite  officer ;  on  the  commission  j 
of  Generals,  acting  for  Hereford,  Salop    I  forthe 
and  North  Wales  ;  distinguished  himself  t    Co. 
at    Preston   fight ;  a  friend  of  Richard      l656 
Baxter.] 

JohnNicholas,  Esq.  [ofLlan-melan?]     .         .) 

None  for  the  Bar. 


RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

WilliamMorgan,  Esq.,  of  Machen  -\ 

John   Nicholas,   Esq.,  of  Llan-  >  for  the  Co. 

melan         ....  3  •  1658-9 

Nathaniel  Waterhouse,  Esq.,  "of  the  City  of 
Westminster,"  for  the  Bar.    .         .        .1 


CHARLES  II. 

Edward,  Marquess  of  Worcester  .         .      1660-7 

[2nd  Marquess  1 646 ;  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
North  Wales ;  received  in  1644  from 
Charles  I.  an  extraordinary  commission 
as  Generalissimo  of  home,  Irish,  and 
foreign  armies,  and  admiral  of  fleet,  giving 
power  to  contract  for  moneys,  to  confer 
patents  of  nobility  ' '  from  a  marquis  to 
a  baronet,"  promising  the  king's  "dear 
daughter  Elizabeth  "  to  his  son  in  mar- 
riage, "with  ^300,000  in  dower  or 
portion,  most  part  whereof"  the  marquess 
and  his  father  are  acknowledged  to  have 
"spent  and  disburst"  in  the  king's 
"service,"  with  "the  title  of  Duke  of 
Somerset  "  to  him  and  his  "  heirs  male 
forever."  The  House  of  Lords,  1660, 
procured  the  revocation  of  the  patent, 
and  the  marquess  delivered  it  up.  He 
was  the  celebrated  author  of  A  Century 
of  Inventions  ;  d.  1667.  In  the  Docket- 
Book,  Crown  Office,  he  is  by  error  named 
Thomas,  where  a  writ  is  recorded  as 
issued  to  appoint  his  successor  to  Par- 
liament.] 

[The  following  records  are  found  in  the  Crown  Office 
Docket-Books  .•— ] 

Writ  issued  to  elect  a  burgess  for  the  borough 
of  Monmouth  in  the  place  of  Sir  George 
Probert,  Kt.  [His  year  of  election  has 
not  been  found]  .....  1676 

Writ  issued  to  elect  a  Knight  of  the  Shire  for 
the  co.  of  Monmouth  in  the  room  of 
William  Morgan,  Esq.,  deceased.  [The 
year  of  his  election  has  not  been  found]  .  1680 

JAMES  II. 

Writ  issued  to  elect  a  burgess  for  the  borough 
of  Monmouth  in  the  room  of  Charles, 
Marquess  of  Worcester.  [Year  of  his 
election  not  given]  .....  1685 


ANNE. 

Writ  to  elect  a  Knight  of  the  Shire  in  the  room 
of  Thomas,  Lord  Viscount  Windsor,  who 
had  succ.  as  Lord  Mountjoy 

Writ  to  elect  a  Knight  of  the  Shire  vice  James 


1711 


1713 


1715 


1719 


1722 


Gunter,  Esq.,  dec.  . 

GEORGE  I. 
John     Morgan,     Esq.     [prob.    of} 

Machen]        .         .         .         .  [•  for  the  Co. 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.      .         .         .  I 
William  Bray,  Gent.,  for  the  Bor. 
John     Hanbury,    Esq.,     of    Pontypool,    vice 

Morgan,  for  the  Co.          .... 
Hon.  A.  Windsor,  vice  Bray,  dec. ,  for  the  Bor.     1 720 
Sir   William    Morgan,    K.B.,    of)  ^ 

Tredegar      .         .         .         .  >  for  the  Co. 
John  Hanbury,  Esq.,  of  Pontypool ) 
Edward  Kemeys,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 

GEORGE  II. 
Lord  Charles  Noel  Somerset  \s.  1745  as  fourth 

Duke  of  Beaufort],  vice  Morgan,  dec.,  for 

the  Co.    .        .        .        .        .        .        .1731 

John  Hanbury,  Esq. ,  of  Pontypool  j  /•     *h    C    ) 
Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.  .  )  >  1 734 

Lord  Charles  Noel  Somerset  for  the  Bor.        .  i 
Charles"  Hanbury  Williams,  Esq.  [afterwards 

Sir  Charles],  of  Coldbrook,  vice  Hanbury, 

dec.,  for  the  Co 1735 

Thomas  Morgan,  Esq.          .         .  ) 

Charles    Hanbury    Williams    (as  >  for  the  Co.     1741 

above) .        .        .        .         .  ) 
Sir  Charles   Kemeys  Tynte,  vice  1 

Somerset,  s.  as  fourth  Duke  >  for  the  Bor.     1745 

of  Beaufort  .         .         .  ) 

William  Morgan,  Esq. 


Capel  Hanbury,  Esq.,  of  Ponty- 


for  the  Co. 


pool  Park 
Fulke  Greville,  Esq. ,  for  the  Bor.  . 
Benjamin  Bathurst,  Esq.,  vice  Greville,  for  the 

Bor. 


'747 


1754 


GEORGE  III. 
Thomas  Morgan,JEsq.,  jun.,  vice  Morgan,  dec., 

for  the  Co 1 763 

John  Hanbury,  Esq.,  vice  Hanbury,  dec.,  for 

the  Co.  . 


John  Stepney,   Esq.    [son   of  Sir 
Thomas  Stepney  of  Pren 
gast,   Pemb.,  s.  as  7th 
1774],  rice  Bathurst,  dec. 


:j 


1765 


for  theSor.  1767 


gast,   Pemb.,  s.  as  7th  Bart.  ( 

Sir  John  Stepney,   Bart,   (the  same),  for  the 

Ror- '774 

Henry,   Viscount  Nevill,   vice  Hanbury,  dec., 

for  the  Co 1784 

Col.  James  Rook  [vice  Nevill,  s.  to  peerage  as 

second  Earl  of  Abergavenny]  for  the  Co.     1786 
Henry  Charles,  Marquess  of  Wor- 
cester, vice  Stepney,  resigned     ,      ,  „„ 
.    ,     totmeSor.     1788 

[seventh  Marquess ;  j.  assixth 
Duke  of  Beaufort  1803] 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  :  COUNTY  MAGISTRATES. 


767 


John  Morgan,  Esq.      .        .        -{fortheC*. 

Col.  James  Rook          .         .         .  i 

Charles  Bragge,  Esq.  [vice  Wor-  \ 

cester,  elected  for  the  city  of  >  forthe  j9or. 
Bristol]        .         .         .         .  ) 

Robert  Salusbury,  Esq.  [of  Llanwern  ;  Sheriff 
in  1786  ;  was  of  Cotton  Hall,  Denb.,  and 
of  the  clan  of  Lleweni  (see  Salusbury  of 
Lleweni) ;  m.,  1780,  Catherine,  dau.  and 
h.  of  Charles  Van,  Esq.,  of  Llanwern, 
Mon.],  vice  Morgan,  dec.,  for  the  Co. 

Col.  James  Rook          .         .         .  ~t 

Charles  Morgan,  Esq.,  afterwards  >  for  the  Co. 
a  Bart J 

Sir  Charles  Thompson,  Bart.,  for  the  Bor. 

General  Lord  R.  E.  H.  Somerset  [fourth  son 
of  Henry,  fifth  Duke  of  Beaufort],  vice 
Thompson,  dec.,  for  the  Bor.  . 

Lieut. -Col.  Lord  Charles  H.  Somerset  [elder 
brother  of  last  member]  for  the  Bor. 

Sir  Charles  Morgan,  Bart.,  of  Tre- 
degar    ..... 

Lord  A.  John  H.  Somerset  [fifth 
son  of  fifth  Duke  of  Beaufort] 

Henry,  Marquess  of  Worcester  \s.  as  seventh 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  7-ice  Somerset,  app. 
Govnr.  Cape  of  Good  Hope],  for  Bor.  . 

Lord  G.  C.  H.  Somerset  [second  son  of  sixth 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  vice  Lord  A.  J.  H. 
Somerset,  dec.,  for  the  Co. 


A.D. 


1790 


1792 


1796 


1799 
1802 


for  the  Co.    1806 


1813 


Sir  Charles  Morgan,  Bart. 

Lord  G.  C.  H.  Somerset  (as  above) 

GEORGE  IV. 


1816 
for  Co.  1818 


Sir  Charles  Morgan,   Bart,    (the 

same) £  for  the  Co. 

Lord  G.  C.  H.  Somerset  (the  same) 
Henry,    Marquess   of  \Vorcesten 

[see  1813,  opposed  by  John 

Hodder     Moggridge,    Esq.  ;  \  for  the  Bor- 

votes  for  Worcester  90,    for 

Moggridge  40]    .         .         .' 


- 1820 


WILLIAM  IV. 
LordG.  C.  H.  Somerset  (the  same  j  fortne  Co_ 
William  Addams  Williams,   Esq.  ) 
Benjamin  Hall,   Esq.  [afterwards   Bart.,   and 

Baron  Llanover  ;  contested  the  seat  with 

the  Marquess  of  Worcester ;  votes— Hall, 

168  ;  Worcester,  149],  for  the  Bor. 
Benjamin  Hall,  Esq.   [seat  contested  by  the 

Marquess  of  Worcester  ;  votes — Hall,  393 ; 

Worcester,  355],  for  the  Bor. 
Benjamin  Hall,  Esq.  [seat  contested  by  Joseph 

Bailey,   Esq.,  jun.  ;   votes— Hall,  428  > 

Bailey,  424],  for  the  Bor.     . 

VICTORIA. 
Reginald    James   Blewitt,    Esq.    [contested^ 

election ;  votes  for  Blewitt44O,  for  Joseph  > 

Bailey,  jun.,  386],  for  the  Bor.      .         .  J 
Lord     Granvill    Charles    Henry,  "] 

Somerset   [the   same  as  for  i 

1831] L  for  the  Co. 

Hon.   Charles    O.    S.    Morgan, 

•vice  Williams,  resigned          .  ' 
Reginald   James    Blewitt,    Esq.  ~\ 

[contest  ;  votes  for  Blewitt  >  for  the  Bar. 

330,  for  Edwards  none]       .  J 
Hon.  Charles  O.  S.  Morgan  (the  \ 

same) >  for  the  Co.  j 

Edward   Arthur  Somerset,    Esq.  )  \ 

Crawshay  Bailey,  Esq. ,  for  the  Bor. 
The  same,  for  Co.  and  Bor.    .... 
The  same,  for  Co.  and  Bor.     .... 
Hon.  Charles  O.  S.  Morgan        .  ) 
Lt.-Col.  Poulett  G.  H.  Somerset  j  fo        :  Co-  \ 
Crawshay  Bailey,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 
Hon.    Charles    O.    S.     Morgan 

(the  same)   .... 
Lt.-Col.  Paulett  G.  H.  Somerset, 

C.B.  (the  same)   . 
Sir  John  Ramsden,  Bart,   [seat  \ 

contested  by  S.  Homfray,  I 
Esq. ;  votes  for  Ramsden  I 
1,641,  for  Homfray  1,449]  •  ' 

[The present  sitting  Members,  1872.] 


A.D. 


1831 


1832 


1835 


1837 


1841 
to 

1852 


1852 

1857 
1859 

1868 


for  the  Co. 


1868 


SECTION  VII— THE  COUNTY  MAGISTRATES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE,  1872. 


[Those  marked  thus  *  are  Visiting  Jnstices  of  the  Monmouth  County  Prison,  and  those  marked  thus  t  of 
the  Usk  County  Prison.     The  two  bodies  of  Visiting  Justices  form  the  Finance  Committee.] 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  K.G.,  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Custos  Rotulorum,  Badminton,  Chippenham. 

*  t  Samuel  Richard  Bosanquet,  Esq.,  Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions,  Dingestow  Court,  Monmouth. 

t  Granville  Robert  Henry  Somerset,  Esq.,  Q.C.,  Deputy  Chairman  of  Q.  Sess.,  6,  Park  Street,  Westminster. 


The  Marquess  of  Worcester,  Troy  House,  Monmoulh. 

Lord  Raglan,  Cefn  Tilla,  Usk. 

Lord  Tredegar,  Tredegar  Park,  Newport. 

The  Honourable  James   Fitzwalter  Clifford   Butler, 

Llantillio  Court,  Abergavenny. 
The  Honourable   William   Powell  Rodney,  Llanvi- 

hangel  Court,  Abergavenny. 


The  Honourable  Godfrey  Charles  Morgan,  Tredegar 

Park,  Newport. 
Sir  George  Ferdinand  Radzivil  Walker,  Bart.,  Castle 

town,  Cardiff. 
Amiel,  Capt.  J.  T.,  The  Chapel,  Newport. 

Bailey,  Crawshay,  Esq.,  Maindiff  Court,  Abcrgavenuy. 


768 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Bannerman,  James  M.,  Esq.,  Wyaston  Leys,  Mon. 
Bateman,  Robert,  Esq.,  Bertholeu  House,  Llangibby. 
Berrington,  Arthur  Davis,  Esq.,  Pantygoitre  House. 
Blewitt,  Reginald  James,  Esq.  (abroad). 

*  Bosanquet,  Samuel  Courthope,  Esq.,  Dingestow  Ct. 
*t  Bosanquet,  S.  Richard,  Esq.,  Dingestow  Court. 
Brewer,  John  Edwin,  Esq.,  Gorelands,  Abergavenny. 
Brewer,  Tom  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  Dan-y-Graig,  Newport. 
Brown,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Chepstow. 

t  Byrde,  Col.  Henry  Charles,  Goytre  House. 

Carlisle,  Richard,  Esq.,  Llanvapley  Court. 
Cartwright,  William  Sheward,  Esq.,  Stow  Hill. 

*  Cave,  George,  Esq.,  Burfield,  Westbury-on-Trim. 
Clay,  Henry,  jun.,  Esq.,  The  Mount,  Chepstow. 

t  Clifford,  Col.  Henry  Morgan,  Llantillio  Court. 
Coates,  Nathaniel,  Esq.,  Sirhowy,  Tredegar. 
Cordes,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Brynglas,  Newport. 
Crawley,  W.,  Archdeacon,  Bryngwyn,  Raglan. 
Crompton-Roberts,  C.,  Esq.,  Drybridge,  Monmouth. 

Darby,  Abraham,  Esq.,  Ebbw  Vale,  Newport. 

*  t  Davies,  Capt.  James,  The  Garth,  Mon. 
Davies,  Joseph,  Esq.,  Bedwas,  Newport. 

Davies,  Richard,  Clerk',  Court-y-Gollen,  Abergavenny. 
Dimmack,  Edward  Bagnall,  Esq. 

Eastham,  James,  Esq.,  Coed  Cefn,  Tregaer,  Mon. 
Evans,  Thomas,  Clark,  Nantyderry  House,  Pontypl. 

Farquhar,  James,  Clerk,  Llanddewi  Skirrid. 
Franks,  John,  Esq.,  Mount  Ballan,  Chepstow. 

Gething,  G.  B.,  Esq.,  Springfield,  Newport. 
Gratrex,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Fannwood,  Newport, 
t  Greenhow-Relph,  George  Relph,  Esq.,  Beech  Hill. 
Griffiths,  William,  Esq.,  7,  Lower  Berkeley  Street. 

Hamilton,  Pryce  Bowman,  Esq.,  HUston  House. 

Harford,  Charles  Lloyd,  Esq. 

Harford,  Summers,  Esq. 

Herbert,  John  Arthur,  Esq.,  Llanarth  Court,  Mon. 

Hickman,  Capt.  Robert  John,  Monmouth. 

Hill,  James  Charles,  Esq.,  The  Brooks,  Abergavenny. 

Homfray,  Lorenzo  Augustus,  Esq.,  Woodlands. 

t  Homfray,  Samuel,  Esq.,  Glen  Usk,  Caerleon. 

Homfray,   Samuel   George,  Esq.,  Neuaddfach,  Pont- 

ardulais,  Carmarthenshire. 
Hort,  Fenton,  Esq.,  Cheltenham. 
Hubbuck,  George  Parker,  Esq. 
Humfrey,  James,  Esq.,  Llanwenarth,  Abergavenny. 

*  Jackson,  Robert,  Clerk,  Wonastow,  Monmouth. 
James,  James  George,  Esq.,  Ty  Newydd,  Blackwood. 
f  James,  John,  Esq.,  Llansoar,  Caerleon. 

James,  John  Davies,  Esq.,  Blackwood,  Newport. 

Jayne,  Basil,  Esq.,  Parade,  Monmouth. 

Jenkins,  Alexander  Howell,  Esq.,  Bell  Hall,  Stourbdg. 

Kennard,  Edward,  Esq.,  Blaenavon  House,  Pontypl. 
Kennard,  Henry  Martin,  Esq.,  Crumlin  Hall. 
King,  Major,  Clydach  House,  Abergavenny. 


Lawrence,  John,  Esq.,  Crick  House,  Chepstow. 

Levick,  Frederick,  Esq.,  Blaenau,  Newport. 

Lewis,  Charles  Edward,  Esq.,  St.  Pierre,  Chepstow. 

Lister,  Edward,  Esq.,  Cefn  Ila,  Usk. 

Llewellin,  John  Cleeves,  Clerk,  Trevethin  Vicarage. 

Logan,  John,  Esq.,  Bath. 

Manning,  William  Woodward,  Esq. 
Marsh,  Capt.  Henry  Godfrey. 
Marsh,  Thomas  Palmer  Parr,  Esq. 
Master,  Thomas  W.  Chester,  Esq.,  Stratton  House. 
Maund,  John,  Esq.,  Windham  Club,  St.  James's  Sq. 
t  McDonnell,  Major  Francis,  Plas  Newydd. 
Mitchell,  Frank  Johnstone,  Esq.,  Llanvrechva  Grange. 
Moggridge,  Francis,  Esq.,  Avon  Lwyd,  Caerleon. 
Moggridge,  Matthew,  Esq.,  The  Hove,  Plymouth. 
Morgan,  Charles  Octavius  Swinnerton,  Esq.,  M. P., 

The  Friars,  Newport. 

Morgan,  Hon.  Arthur  John,  Tredegar  Park. 
Morgan,  David,  Clerk,  Blaenau,  Newport. 

Needham,  William,  Esq.,  34,  Montpelier  Square, 
t  Nicholl,  George  Whitlock,  Esq.,  The  Ham. 
t  Nicholl,  Hume,  Esq. 
Nicholson,  Charles,  Esq.,  Llwyn-y-Celyn,  Newport. 

Ormerod,  George,  Esq.,  Sedbury  Park,  Chepstow. 

Parkes,  Charles  James,  Esq.,  Wentsland,  Pontypool. 
Payne,     Lieut. -Col.    John    Selwyn,     8,     Richmond 

Terrace,  Clifton. 

Pearson,  Capt.  J.  R.,  Craig  yr  Haul,  Castletown. 
t  Phillips,  Edward  Harris,  Pulteney  Street,  Bath. 
Phillips,  Edward  James,  Esq.,  Dray  ton  Villa, 

Maendy,  Newport. 

Phillips,  William,  Esq.,  Salisbury  Lodge,  Clifton. 
Phillips,  William  Williams,  Esq.,  The  Grange. 
Pope,  Thomas,  Clerk,  Christchurch,  Newport. 
Potter,  Richard,  Esq.,  Argoed,  Monmouth. 
Powell,  Henry  St.  John,  Esq. 
Powell,  William,  Clerk,  Llanhennock,  Caerleon. 
Price,  Thomas  Phillips,  Esq.,  Llanarth,  Raglan. 
Price,  William,  Canon,  Llanarth,  Raglan. 

Rees,  Richard,  Esq.,  Abergavenny. 
Rees,  W.  Treharne,  Esq.,  Holly  House,  Newport. 
Rhodes,  Thomas  William,  Esq. ,  Risca,  Newport. 
Richards,  Josiah,  Esq.,  Abersychan,  Pontypool. 
Roberts,  Martyn  John,  Esq.,  Penydarren  House. 
Roden,  Lieut. -Col.  Richard  Brown,  Ty  Brith. 
Rolls,  Major  Alexander,  Croft-y-Bulla,  Mon. 
Rolls,  John  Allan,  Esq.,  The  Hcndre,  Monmouth. 
*  Rooke,    Lieut. -Col.    Willoughby  Sandilands,  The 

Florence,  Coleford. 
Russell,  John,  Esq.,  Cheltenham. 
Russell,  Capt.  John  Richard. 

Savery,  Almericus  Blakeney,  Esq. 
Scudamore,  John  Lucy,  Esq.,  Kentchurch,  Ileref. 
Seymour,  Edward  William,  Esq.,  Porthmawr. 
Seys,  William  tineas,  Esq.,  Tutshill  House, 
t  Smith,  Michael  Parker,  Esq. 


COUNTY  MAGISTRATES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


769 


Somerset,  Col.  E.  Arthur,  Stoke  House,  Bristol. 

Somerset,  Col.  Poulett,  C.B. 

Somerset,   Granville    Robert    Henry,    Esq.,    Q.C., 

6,  Park  Street,  Westminster,  S.W. 
Somerset,   The  Lord  Henry,   Esq.,   M.P.,    19,   Hill 

Street,  Berkeley  Square,  London. 
Somerset,  William,  Clerk,  Wollaston  Rectory. 
Steward,  W.  James,  Esq.,  Croft-y-Bwla,  Monmouth. 
Stone,  John  Jefferies,  Esq.,  Scyborwen,  Llantrisant. 
Style,  William  Henry  Marsham,  Esq. 

Thompson,  John,  Esq.,  Glyn  Abbey,  Cydweli,  Carm. 
Trumper,  Thomas,  Esq.,  The  Lawns,  Grosmont. 

*  Tyler,  Capt.  George  Griffin,  The  Hill,  Mon. 
Tynte,  C.  Kemeys  Kemeys,  Esq.,  Cefn  Mabley. 
Tynte,  Col.  C.  John  Kemeys,  Cefh  Mabley. 

*  Vaughan,  Col.  John  Francis,  Courtfield. 


Wheeley,  Capt.  W.  Henry,  of  Pentre. 
Wheeley,  John  Griffiths,  Esq.,  of  Pentre. 
Wickham,  Lieut. -Col.    Thomas,    Llangibby   Castle, 

Newport. 

Williams,  Charles  Henry,  Esq. 
Williams,    Edmund    Davies,    Esq.,    Maesyrudducl, 

Blackwood,  Newport. 

Williams,  Ferdinand  Capel  Hanbury,  Esq. ,  Nant  Oer. 
Williams,  Ferdinand  Hanbury,  Esq.,  Coldbrook  Pk. 
Williams,  George  Crofts,  Esq.,  Llanrumney  Hall. 
Williams,  Hugh,  Chancellor,  Bassaleg,  Newport. 
Williams,  Philip,  Esq.,  Aberbaiden,  Abergavenny. 
Williams,  Philip  Alfred,  Esq.,  Abertillery,  Newport. 
Williams,  Richard,  Clerk,  Ightfield  House,  Chepstow. 
Williams,  Thomas,  Dean  of  Llandaff,  The  Deanery, 
t  Williams,    William    Addams,    Esq.,    Boyd   Villa, 

Pembroke  Road,  Clifton. 
Willis,  George,  Esq.,  M.D.,  Monmouth. 
Wyatt,  Osmond  Arthur,  Esq.,  Troy  House,  Mon. 


In  the  Commission  oftfie  Peace,  but  have  not  yet  qualified. 


The  Honourable  Frederic  Courtenay  Morgan,  Trede- 

gar  Park,  Newport. 
Sir  Samuel  Fludyer,  Bart. 
Blackwell,  Samuel  Holden,  Esq. 

Carruthers,  James  Proctor,  Esq.,  The  Grondre. 
Dorin,  Joseph  Alexander,  Esq. 
Falconer,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Judge  of  C.  C.,  Usk. 
Gore,  George,  Clerk,  Bath. 

Herbert,  John  Maurice,  Esq.,  Springfields,  Ross. 
Herbert,  William,  Esq.,  Clytha  House,  Raglan. 
Herbert,  William  Reginald,  Esq.,  Clytha  House. 
Heyworth,  Capt.  Lawrence,  Waun  Fawr. 
Hooper,  Thomas  Clarence,  Esq. 
Hutchins,  Edward  John,  Esq.,  Dowlais. 

James,  Jane,  Clerk. 

Jane,  Warren  Hurdman,  Esq.,  Chepstow. 

Jones,  Philip,  Esq. 


Lewis,  Edward  Freke,  Clerk,  Llanvair,  Abergavenny. 
Lewis,  Thomas  Freke,  Esq.,  Abbey  Dore,  Hereford. 

Machen,  Edward,  Esq. 

Milman,   Henry  Salusbury,  Esq.,   I,  Cranley  Place. 

Onslow  Gardens,  London. 

Morgan,  Charles  Augustus  Samuel,  Clerk,  Machen. 
Morgan,  William  Lee,  Clerk,  Cardiff. 

Partridge,  John,  Esq.,  Bishop's  Wood,  Ross. 
Price,  Joseph  Thomas,  Esq.,  Monmouth. 

Reed,  James,  Esq.,  Tredegar  Iron  Works,  Tredegar. 
Roden,  William  Serjeant,  Esq. 

Upton,  John,  Esq. 

Vaughan,  William,  Esq.,  Courtfield,  Ross. 

Wienholt,  William,  Esq.,  Llanwern,  Newport. 
Williams,  Thomas  Lewis,  Clerk,  Portskewitt. 
Williams,  Trevor  Samuel  Addams,  Esq.,  The  Garth. 
Wood,  Major-General  William  Mark,  Bishop's  Hall, 
Romford,  Essex. 


Lee,  John  Edward,  Esq.,  The  Priory,  Caerleon. 

Prothero,  Charles,  Esq.,  Clerk  of  the  Peace  and  County  Treasurer,  Newport. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


BAILEY,  fowshay,  Esq.,  of  Maindiff  Court, 
Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D,  L.  of  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
was  Capt.  of  the  Royal  Brecknock  Militia  ; 
son  of  the  late  Crawshay  Bailey,  Esq.,  of 
Llanfoist  House,  co.  of  Monmouth  (who 
d.  1871),  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  cos.  of 
Glamorgan  and  Brecon,  High  Sheriff  for 
co.  of  Monmouth  1851,  and  for  several 
years  M.P.  for  the  Monmouth  district  of 
boroughs  ;  and  nephew  of  the  late  Sir 
Joseph  Bailey,  Bart.,  of  Glanusk  Park 
(seeBaileyofGlanusk  Park);  b.  at  Nantyglo, 
1821  ;  m.,  1863,  Mary,  dau.  of  the  Count 
Metaxa,  of  Cheltenham;  s.  1871  ;  has 
issue. 

Residence:  Maindiff  Court,  near  Abergavermy. 
Town  Address  :  Carlton  Club. 
Arms  :  Arg.,  betw.  two  bars  three  annulets  in 
fesse  gu.  between  as  many  martlets  of  the  last. 
Crest:  A  griffin  sejant  arg.  semee  of  annulets 


BATEMAN,  Eotet,  Esq.,  of  Bertholey,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
fourth  but  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Colthurst  Bateman,  Esq.,  of  the  same 
place,  J.  P.  of  the  co.  of  Monmouth,  and 
Sheriff  of  the  same  co.  in  1839,  by  his  wife 
Jane  Sarah,  dau.  and  sole  h.  of  John 
Kemeys  Gardner  Kemeys,  Esq.,  of  Ber- 
tholey; b.  1819  1  ;  s.  on  the  decease  of  his 
brother  John  ;  is  m.  and  has  issue. 

Resilience  :  Bertholey  House,  near  Usk. 
Arms:  Or,  on  a  chevron  between   three   es- 
callops gu.  an  ostrich  feather  arg. 
Crest  :  A  pheasant  ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Batemans  are  a  family  of  long  standing  in 
co.  Kerry,  Ireland,  where  several  of  its  members 
have  been  High  Sheriffs  and  representatives  in 
Parliament. 


BEAUFORT,  Duke  of,  Henry  Charles  Pitzroy 
Somerset,  of  Troy  House,  Monmouth- 
shire, and  Badminton,  Glouc. 

Creations — Baron  Bottetcourt  1308;  Baron 
Herbert  1461 ;  Baron  Herbert  of  Raglan, 


Chepstow,  and  Gower,  1506 ;  Earl  of  Wor- 
cester 1514;  Marquess  of  Worcester  1642  ; 
Earl  of  Glamorgan,  Viscount  Grosmont, 
and  Baron  Beaufort,  1644  ;  Duke  of  Beau- 
fort 1682. 

Eighth  Duke  of  Beaufort ;  K.G.,  P.C. ; 
late  Master  of  the  Horse ;  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  the  co.  of  Monmouth;  Capt.  7th  Hussars 
1847  ;  Lieut.-Col.  in  the  army,  retired 
1 86 1  ;  Lieut-Col.  Commandant  of  the 
Gloucestershire  Yeomanry  Hussars;  was 
M.P.  for  East  Gloucestershire  1846 — 1853. 

Born  Feb.  i,  1824;  ed.  at  Eton;  m., 
July  3,  1845,  Lady  Georgiana  Charlotte 
Curzon,  eldest  dau.  of  Richard,  ist  Earl 
Howe,  P.C.,  G.C.H. ;  s.  on  the  death  of 
his  father,  the  seventh  Duke  of  Beaufort, 
1853  ;  has  issue  living — 

1.  HENRY      ADELBERT     WELLINGTON 
FITZROY,  Marquess  of  Worcester;  b.  1847  ; 
ed.  at  Eton  ;  Capt.  in  Royal  Horse  Guards, 
and  Capt.  Royal  Glouc.  Yeomanry  Hussars; 
J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  cos.  of  Monmouth 
and  Gloucester. 

2.  Henry   Richard  Charles   (Lord),  b. 
1849. 

3.  Henry  Arthur  George  (Lord),  b.  1851. 

4.  Henry    Edward    Brudenell    (Lord), 
b.  1853. 

5.  Henry   Fitzroy   Francis    (Lord),    b. 

1855- 

6.  Lady   Blanche   Elizabeth   Adelaide, 
b.  1856. 

Residences :  Troy  House,  Monmouth  ;  Bad- 
minton, and  Stoke  Gifford,  Gloucestershire. 

Town  Address  :  Carlton  Club  ;  White's  Club. 

Arms:  The  arms  of  France  and  England 
quarterly,  viz.,  island  4th,  az.,  three  fleurs-de-lis 
arg. — France;  2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  three  lions 
passant  guardant  in  pale  or — England ;  within  a 
bordure  compony  arg.  and  az. 

Crest :  A  portcullis  or,  nailed  az.,  chains 
pendent  gold. 

Supporters :  Dexter,  a  panther  arg. ,  flames 
issuing  from  the  mouth  and  ears,  ppr.,  plain 
collared  and  chained  or,  and  semee  of  torteaux, 
&c.  ;  sinister,  a  wyvern  vert,  in  the  mouth  holding 
a  sinister  hand  coupe  at  the  wrist,  gu. 

LINEAGE. 

The  descent  of  this  noble  house  is  from  the  royal 
line  of  Plantagenet  through  John  of  Gaunt  (son  of 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


771 


Edward  III.  of  England),  whose  natural  children, 
begotten  by  Catherine  Swinford  (whom  he  after- 
wards married^,  were  all  legitimatized,  and  were 
caused  by  their  father  to  be  called  by  the  name  of 
Beaufort,  after  the  castle  of  Beaufort,  in  Anjou, 
where  they  were  born.  But  about  the  "excep- 
tion," excluding  all  claim  to  the  throne,  there 
seems  to  be  a  doubt.  The  words  "  excepta  digni- 
tate  regali  "  appear  on  the  parliament  rolls  as  an 
interlineation,  added,  as  is  supposed,  at  the  time 
when  Henry  IV.  exemplified  the  same  grant  in 
1407,  and  in  which  exemplification  the  words  are 
inserted  (Nicolas's  Peerage  by  Courthope  1858). 
John  of  Gaunt's  eldest  son  was — 
JOHN,  of  whom  hereafter. 

Henry,  the  second  son,  was  made  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  a  Cardinal,  and  Lord  Chancellor  for 
England.  His  natural  dau.  Joan  became  wife 
of  Sir  Edward  Stradling  (see  Stradling  of  St. 
Donafs). 

Thomas,  the  youngest  son,  was  created  Earl  of 
Dorset  1412,  and  Duke  of  Exeter  1416.  He 
d.  s.  p.  1427. 

JOHN  BEAUFORT,  the  eldest  son,  created  Earl 
of  Somerset  by  Richard  II.,  1396,  m.  Margaret, 
sister  and  co-h.  to  Edmund  Holland,  Earl  of 
Kent,  and  had  by  her  four  sons  and  two  daus. 
The  elder  dau.,  Joan,  m.  James  I.  of  Scotland,  and 
after  his  death  Sir  James  Stuart,  son  to  Lord 
Lome  ;  the  younger,  Margaret,  m.  Thomas  Cour- 
tenay,  who  was  sixth  Earl  of  Devonshire.  The 
eldest  son,  Henry,  d.  unm. ,  and  left  his  inheritance 
to  his  next  brother, — 

JOHN,  third  Earl  of  Somerset,  created  Duke  of 
Somerset  1443.  He  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Sir  John 
Beauchamp,  of  Bletshoe,  Beds.,  and  left  an  only 
dau.,  Margaret,  who  m.  Edmund  Tudor,  Earl  oi 
Richmond,  eldest  son  of  Owen  Tudor  of  Pen- 
mynydd,  M6n.,  and|Catherine  of  France,  Queen  of 
England,  widow  of  Henry  V.,  and  had  issue  Henry, 
Earl  of  Richmond,  afterwards  King  of  England. 
John,  first  Duke  of  Som.,  d.  1444,  leaving  no 
male  issue,  and  was  succ.  by  his  next  brother, — • 

EDMUND,  cr.  Duke  of  Somerset  26th  Henry  VI., 
slain  at  battle  of  St.  Alban's,  1455.  His  wife  was 
Eleanor,  second  dau.  and  co-h.  to  Richard  Beau- 
champ,  Earl  of  Warwick.  He  was  succ.  by  his 
eldest  son, — 

HENRY,  third  Duke  of  Somerset,  K.G.,  who 
was  renowned  for  his  valour  in  the  French  wars  ; 
was  Lieutenant  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Governor  of 
Carisbrook  Castle,  and  Governor  of  Calais ;  was 
taken  prisoner  when  commanding  Henry  the  Sixth's 
forces  at  the  battle  of  Hexham,  and  beheaded  by  the 
Yorkists,  leaving  an  only  natural  son, — 

CHARLES  SOMERSET,  a  man  of  extraordinary 
energy  and  ability,  who  rose  to  the  highest  pitch  of 
fame  and  fortune.  Henry  VII.,  his  kinsman, 
made  him  in  1485  one  of  his  Privy  Council,  in 
1488  Admiral  of  the  Fleet,  in  1490  Ambassador  to 
the  Emperor  Maximilian  ;  was  also  made  Knight 
of  the  Garter,  and  Captain  of  the  Guards.  Having 
obtained  such  high  distinction  he  won  the  hand  of 
the  wealthy  heiress,  Elizabeth,  dau,  and  h.  of 
William  Herbert,  Lord  Herbert  of  Raglan,  Chep- 
stow,  and  Gower,  and  in  her  right  inherited  the 
title  of  Lord  Herbert,  by  which  name  he  was 
summoned  to  Parliament  by  Henry  VIII.  This 
king,  recognising  his  near  kinship,  being  maternally 
descended  from  Owen  Tudor,  constituted  him  Lord 
Chamberlain  for  life,  and  in  1 514  advanced  him  to  the 
dignity  of  Earl  of  Worcester.  He</.  1526,  when  his 
title  and  estates  devolved  upon  his  eldest  son, — 
HENRY,  second  Earl  of  Worcester,  who  m 


Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  Anthony  Browne,  Kt.,  by 
whom  he  left  an  eldest  son  and  heir, — 

WILLIAM,  third  Earl  of  Worcester,  Knight  of 
the  Garter,  &c.  He  m.  Christian,  dau.  of  Lord 
North,  by  whom  he  had  an  only  son, — 

EDWARD,  fourth  Earl  of  Worcester,  Master  of 
the  Horse  to  Queen  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  &c.  He  died  at  his  house  in  the  Strand 
1628.  His  eldest  surviving  son,  by  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  Francis,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  was — 

HENRY,  fifth  Earl  of  Worcester,  the  celebrated 
Royalist  who  defended  Raglan  Castle  against  Fair- 
fax in  1646.  The  castle  was  surrendered  and  his 
estates  sequestrated  (see  Raglan  Castle}.  He  was 
raised  to  the  dignity  of  Marquess  of  Worcester  1642. 
By  his  wife,  Anne,  dau.  and  h.  of  John,  Lord 
Russell,  son  of  Francis,  Earl  of  Bedford,  he  had 
issue  nine  sons  and  four  daus.  He  was  succ.  by  his 
eldest  son, — 

EDWARD,  second  Marquess  of  Worcester,  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  North  Wales,  author  of  A  Century 
of  Inventions,  1 663,  in  which  the  principle  of  the 
steam  engine  is  plainly  unfolded.  By  his  first  wife, 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  Henry  Dormer,  Kt.,  he  left 
with  other  issue  a  son, — 

HENRY,  third  Marquess  of  Worcester,  who  was 
made  Lord  President  of  Wales  and  the  Marches, 
and  created  Duke  of  Beaufort  1682.  He  made  a 
progress  through  Wales  in  1684.  Opposed  the 
Duke  of  Monmouth  in  1685,  and  refused  to  take  the 
oath  of  allegiance  to  William  III.  By  Mary,  his 
wife,  dau.  of  Lord  Capel  and  widow  of  Henry, 
Lord  Beauchamp,  he  had  several  children,  his 
second  but  eldest  surviving  son  being — 

CHARLES,  styled  Marquess  of  Worcester,  who, 
dying  in  the  lifetime  of  his  father,  left  by  his  wife 
Rebecca,  dau.  of  Sir  Josiah  Child,  Kt.  and  Bart., 
an  eldest  son, — 

HENRY,  who  at  the  death  of  his  grandfather, 
Henry,  first  Duke  of  Beaufort,  succeeded  as  second 
Duke.  By  his  second  wife,  Rachel,  second  dau. 
and  co-h.  of  Wriothesley  Baptist  Noel,  Earl  of 
Gainsborough,  he  left  at  his  decease  in  1714  an 
eldest  son, — 

HENRY,  third  Duke  of  Beaufort,  who  m.  Frances, 
only  child  and  h.  of  Sir  James  Scudamore,  Bart., 
of  Home  Lacy,  Heref.,  by  whom  he  had  no  issue, 
and  from  whom  he  obtained  a  divorce  in  1744. 
He  d.  1746,  and  was  succ.  by  his  brother, — 

CHARLES  NOEL,  fourth  Duke  of  Beaufort,  M.P. 
for  the  co.  of  Monmouth,  who  m.  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  John  Berkeley,  Esq.,  of  Stoke  Gifford,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  by  whom  he  had  issue,  besides  five 
daus.,  one  son,  his  successor, — 

HENRY,  fifth  Duke  of  Beaufort  and  seventh 
Marquess  of  Worcester,  K.G.,  &c.,  who  m.,  1776, 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Edward  Boscawen,  Admiral  of 
the  Fleet,  and  had  a  numerous  offspring.  He  was 
succ.  by  his  eldest  son, — 

HENRY  CHARLES,  sixth  Duke  of  Beaufort,  *. 
1766 ;  m.,  1791,  Charlotte  Sophia,  dau.  of  Granville, 
first  Marquess  of  Stafford,  by  whom  he  had  issue 
two  sons  and  eight  daus.  His  Grace  d.  1835,  when 
the  titles  and  estates  devolved  upon  his  elder  son, — 

HHNRY,  seventh  Duke  of  Beaufort,  K.G.,  &c., 
b.  I792;?«.,  1st,  1814,  Georgiana  Frederica,  dau. 
of  the  Hon.  Frederick  Fitzroy,  son  of  the  second 
Lord  Southampton,  by  whom  (who  d.  1821)  he 
had  issue  two  daus.  (one  surviving) ;  2ndly,  1822, 
Emily  Frances,  dau.  of  Charles'Culling  Smith,  Esq., 
by  whom  he  left  issue  a  son  and  six  daus.  His 
Grace  d.  1853,  leaving  issue  as  follows  :— 

i.  HENRY  CHARLES,  now  eighth  Duke  of  Beau- 
fort (as  above). 


772 


MONiMOUTHSHIRE. 


ii.  Georgiana  Charlotte  Anne  (by  first  marriage), 
b.  1817;  »;.,  1836,  Sir  C.  W.  Codrington,  Bart. 

iii.  Emily  Blanche  Charlotte,  b.  1828;  m.,  1848, 
George  Hay,  eleventh  Earl  of  Kinnoull. 

iv.  Rose  Caroline  Mary,  b.  1829 ;  m.,  1846, 
F.  F.  Lovell,  Esq. 

v.  Henrietta  Louisa  Priscilla,  b.  1831;  m.,  1855, 
John  Morant,  Esq.,  of  Brockenhurst  House,  Hants  ; 
d.  1863. 

vi.  Geraldine  Harriet  Anne,  Lady  in  Waiting  to 
H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of  Cambridge,  b.  1832. 

vii.  Catherine  Emily  Mary,  b.  1834;  m.,  1858, 
the  Hon.  Arthur  Walsh,  M.P.,  eldest  son  of  Lord 
Ormathwaite. 

viii.  Edith  Frances  Wilhelmine,  b,  1838;  m , 
1863,  William  Henry,  Baron  Londesborough. 

Note. — For  engraving  of  Troy  Mouse  see  p.  724,  and 
for  an  account  of  Raglan  Castle  see  pp.  741 — 745. 


BEREIMTON,  Jenkin  Davies-,  Esq.,  of  Pant-y- 
goetre,  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  cos.  Glamorgan  and  Carmarthen, 
and  D.  L.  for  Glamorgan ;  son  of  Jenkin 
Davies-Berrington  Esq,.  of  Swansea ;  b.  at 
Swansea,  April  17,  1801  ;  ed.  at  Harrow, 
and  Trin.  Coll.,  Camb. ;  m.,  February  3rd, 
1827,  Charlotte,  dau.  of  Benjamin  Hall, 
Esq.,  of  Hensol  Castle,  co.  Glamorgan, 
M.P.  for  Glamorgan,  and  sister  of  the  late 
Lord  Llanover,  and  has  issue  an  only 
surviving  son, — 

ARTHUR  DAVIES-BERRINGTON,  Esq.,  of 
Pant-y-goetre,  co.  Monmouth,  and  Cefn- 
gole",  co.  Glamorgan ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for 
cos.  Monmouth  and  Glamorgan ;  High 
Sheriff  for  Monmouthshire  1866  ;  b.  March 
30,  1833  ;  ed.  at  Eton,  and  at  Exeter  Coll., 
Oxford;  m.,  first,  Frances  Lennox  Hene- 
age,  dau.  of  Rev.  Charles  Lane,  Rector  of 
Wrotham,  Kent,  by  whom  he  has  issue 
Arthur  Tewdyr  Davies-Berrington,  b.  Sept. 
7th,  1854,  and  two  other  sons,  and  a  dau.; 
secondly,  Ada  Barbara,  dau.  of  John  Lane, 
Esq.,  of  Ley  ton  Grange,  Essex,  by  whom 
he  has  issue  a  son  and  four  daus. 

Residence:  Pant-y-goetre,  Abergavenny. 

Arms:  Sable,  three  greyhounds  ccurant  arg. 
— BERRINGTON  ;  az.,  a  wolf  salient  arg. — 
DAVIES. 

Crests :  A  star  of  six  points  wavy,  gu. ;  a  wolf 
salient,  arg. 

Motto :  Solem  fero. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  in  the  male  line 
from  Tydwal  Gloff,  fifth  son  of  Rhodri  Mawr,  the 
last  British  "King  of  all  Wales,"  A.D.  820,  whose 
cognizance,  a  wolf  salient,  is  still  borne  in  the 
arms  ;  and  in  the  female  line  represents  the  elder 
branch  of  the  Awbrey  family  (see  Avibrey  of  AI>er- 
cynrig,  ante,  and  Jones's  "  Brecknockshire  ").  The 


name  and  arms  of  Berrington  were  assumed  at  the 
close  of  the  last  century. 


BOSMQUET,  Samuel  Richard,  Esq.,  of  Din- 
gestow  Court,-  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  Monmouth ;  Chair- 
man of  Quarter  Sessions  for  same  co. ; 
Author  of  "  A  New  System  of  Logic," 
"Prinapia,"  "First  and  fourth  Seals," 
"  Excelsior"  "  Eirenicon"  "  The  Successive 
Visions  of  the  Cherubim"  and  other  works  ; 
eldest  son  of  Samuel  Bosanquet,  Esq.,  of 
Forest  House,  Essex,  and  Dingestow 
Court,  Monmouthshire,  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of 
Mon.,  and  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1814  (see 
Sheriffs);  b.  in  London,  April  ist,  1800; 
ed.  at  Eton,  and  Christ  Church,  Oxon. ; 
grad.  M.A.  1823  ;  ;//.,  February  3rd,  1830, 
Emily,  eldest  dau.  of  George  Courthope, 
Esq.,  of  Whiligh,  Sussex,  and  has  issue  8 
sons  and  2  daus.  (see  Lineage);  s.  to 
estates  1843. 

Heir :  Samuel  Courthope. 

Residences :  Forest  House,  Epping  Forest, 
Essex  ;  and  Dingestow  Court,  Monmouth. 

Arms :  Or,  a  tree  vert ;  in  chief,  gules,  a 
crescent  between  two  stars  arg.  Quartering  arms 
of  Dunster  and  Gardiner.  The  family  being 
noble  in  France,  the  arms  have  supporters,  viz., 
two  lions  rampant. 

Crest :  A  demi-Iion  rampant. 

Motto  :  Per  damna,  per  caedes. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Bosanquets  trace  their  origin  to  the  hilly 
district  of  the  Cevennes  (a  Celtic  word  meaning  a 
ridge,  which  has  its  cognate  in  the  Welsh  ce/n,  a 
back,  a  long  extended  eminence)  in  the  south  of 
France,  approaching  the  north-west  base  of  the 
Pyrenees.  The  old  Celtic  race  was  here  compara- 
tively undisturbed,  and  the  free  spirit  of  the  moun- 
tains, revolting  against  the  dominance  of  the 
priesthood,  embraced  Protestantism,  and  was  only 
crushed,  after  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of  Nantes, 
by  the  " dragonnades "  of  Louis  XIV.  and  the 
terrible  persecutions  which  forced  some  400,000 
of  the  Huguenots,  the  cream  of  the  population  of 
France,  to  seek  as  exiles  homes  in  other  lands. 
The  Bosanquets  were  among  the  many  families 
who  settled  in  England  and  never  returned. 

From  Roubs  Bosanquet  de  Colognac  en  Cevennes 
descended — 

Pierre  Bosanquet,  hab.  de  Colognac  en  Cevennes, 
who  m.  Demoiselle  Catherine  Perrane,  hab.  de 
Colognac  in  Cevennes. 

Their  son,  Fulcrand  Bosanquet,  hab.  de  Colognac, 
"  et  qui  fut  assassine  au  dit  lieu."  His  name  occurs 
in  a  list  of  soldiers  under  M.  le  Baron  de  Vaillac, 
1583  (parchment  at  Rock).  He  m.  Bonne  Boisse 
de  Montpellier. 

In  1623  Pierre  Bosanquet,  their  son,  m.  Antoi- 
nette Mainville,  called  Demoiselle  Catherine  Main- 
villa  de  Lunel  in  the  Gaussen  MS. 

Pierre  Bosanquet,  their  son,  "dec.  a  Lunel,  le 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


773 


Dimanche  tl  midi,  septieme  Nov.  1700  N.S.  (see 
David  Bosanquet's  MS.  at  Dingestow),  in.,  1653, 
Gaillarde  de  liarbut,  "  hab.  de  Lunel,  niece  de  la 
Demlle.  Catherine  Devaux  de  Colard,  de  suivant 
le  testament  de  la  dite  Dem.  C.  Devaux,  spouse  du 
St.  Jean  Colard,  et  celui  de  la  Demlle.  Colard,  leur 
fille." 

It  was  the  son  of  Pierre  and  Gaillarde  de  Barbut, 
David  Bosanquet,  that  brought  this  family  name  to 
Wales.  He  was  b.  on  Monday,  Oct.  31,  1661,  at 
Lunel ;  came  to  London  at  the  Revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes ;  had  the  rights  of  a  denizen 
granted  him  by  warrant  under  the  Great  Seal,  Dec. 
16,  1687 ;  was  summoned  before  the  Heralds' 
College  to  have  his  arms  and  pedigree  recorded, 
1687;  d.  July  5,  1732,  set.  70;  buried  in  St. 
Stephen's,  Coleman  Street,  where  his  monument 
remained  in  1867.  He  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Claude 
Hays,  Esq.,  by  Eleanor,  dau.  of  —  Conyers,  Esq  , 
b.  Saturday,  Sept.  23,  1676;  d,  Sept.  30,  1737; 
buried  in  St.  Stephen's,  Coleman  Street,  London. 

David  Bosanquet  had  eleven  children,  one  of 
whom,  second  son,  named  Samuel,  was  of  Forest 
House,  and  also  of  Dingestow  Court ;  b.  Sept.  4, 
1700;  d.  Jan.  14,  1765,  :et.  64.  He  m.,  1732, 
Mary,  dau.  and  sole  h.  of  William  Dunster,  Esq., 
of  Leyton,  Essex,  d.  Sept.  4,  1765,  aet.  53. 

Their  eldest  son,  Samuel  Bosanquet,  the  second 
of  that  name,  of  Forest  House  and  Dingestow 
Court  (b.  1744;  d.  July  4,  1806),  m.,  1767, 
Eleanor,  younger  dau.  of  H.  Lannoy  Hunter,  Esq. , 
of  Beech  Hill,  d.  Jan.  7,  1819. 

Samual  Bosanquet,  their  son,  and  the  third  of 
the  name,  of  Forest  House  and  Dingestow  Court, 
(6.  Aug.  26,  1768;  d.  June  3,  1843),  m.,  1798, 
Letitia  Philippa,  dau.  of  James  Whatman,  Esq.,  of 
Vinters,  baptized  March  I,  1774;  d.  Dec.  8,  1855. 
Their  eldest  son  is — 

SAMUEL  BOSANQUET,  Esq.,  the  fourth  of  that 
name,  now  of  Forest  House  and  Dingestow  Court, 
representative  of  the  eldest  branch  of  the  Bosanquet 
family,  as  above.  Mr.  Bosanquet  has  issue  as 
under : — 


1.  Samuel  Courthope. 

2.  Claude. 

3.  G.  Stanley. 

4.  Albert. 

5.  Walter  Henry. 

6.  Edmund  Fletcher. 


7.  William  David. 

8.  Richard  Arthur. 

9.  Amy,  m.  Rev.  J. 

Lloyd,  and  has 
issue. 
10.  Fanny  Elizabeth. 


From  Charles  Bosanquet,  Esq.,  brother  of  Samuel 
Bosanquet  the  third,  are  descended  the  Bosanquets 
of  Rock,  Northumberland.  James  W.  Bosanquet, 
Esq.,  of  Claysmore,  Mid.;  W.  H.  F.  Bosanquet, 
Esq. ,  of  Knockane  Lodge,  co.  Waterford ;  and 
Admiral  Bosanquet,  are  brothers  of  Samuel  Bo- 
sanquet, Esq. ,  of  Dingestow  Court.  The  Rt.  Hon. 
Sir  John  Bernard  Bosanquet,  app.  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas  1830,  and  sometime  a  Lord  Com- 
missioner of  the  Great  Seal,  was  a  distinguished 
member  of  this  honourable  family. 

Bosanquets,  the  bankers,  of  London,  are  of  a 
junior  branch  of  the  family,  from  William,  fourth 
son  of  David  Bosanquet,  the  Huguenot  exile. 

The  family  became  extinct  in  France  in  the 
present  century. 

Note. — The  site  of  old  Dingestow  Castle  is  near  the 
church.  This  stronghold  was  twice  taken  by  the 
W'elsh  ;  and  Simon  de  Peer,  Sheriff  of  Herefordshire, 
was  killed  there.  The  masonry  has  been  entirely 
destroyed.  Forest  House  was  a  brick  Tudor  mansion, 
erected  A.D.  1622.  Of  late  years  it  has  been  modern- 
ized and  stuccoed.  The  Eail  of  Norwich,  one  of  the 


Parliamentary  generals,  lived  and  died  there.  Din- 
gestow Court  was  built  in  1623 ;  it  was  enlarged,  and 
the  south  front  was  rebuilt  in  stone  in  the  Elizabethan 
style  in  1846. 

BUTLER,  The  Hon.  James  Fitzwalter  Clifford-, 
of  Llantilio  Court,  Monmouthshire. 

Lieut.-CoI.  2nd  Administrative  Battalion 
Monmouthshire  Rifle  Volunteers ;  J.  P. 
and  D.  L.  for  co.  Monmouth  ;  son  of 
Theobald  Fitzwalter  Butler,  Lord  Dun- 
boyne,  in  the  Peerage  of  Ireland,  fourteenth 
Baron,  cr.  1541 ;  b.  in  Dublin,  zoth  May, 
1839;  ed.  at  Winchester  School ;  »/.,  12th 
June,  1860,  Marion,  only  child  of  Colonel 
Henry  Morgan  Clifford,  of  Llantilio,  Aber- 
gavenny, and  has  issue  i  dau., — 
Rosalinda  Catherine  Sophia, 

Residence:  Llantilio  Court,  near  Abergavenny. 
Arms :  The  Dunboyne  arms,  quartering  Clifford. 
Motto :  Timor  Domini  fons  vit£e. 

LINEAGE. 

For  the  genealogy  of  this  family  see  Dunboyne, 
Baron  of,  in  the  Peerage  of  Ireland. 

Note. — The  fine  old  ruin  of  White  Castle  is  in  Llan- 
tilio parish,  and  the  site  of  the  moated  residence  of  Sir 
David  Gam  is  near  Llantilio  Court.  There  is  an 
ancient  British  encampment  on  this  estate  in  the  ad- 
joining parish  of  PenrhCs. 


BTKDB,  Lieut-Col.  Henry  Charles,  of  Goetre 
House,  Monmouthshire. 

Lieut.-Col.  in  the  Army ;  served  in  India  ; 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth ;  Sheriff  for 
same  co.  1864 ;  is  m.  and  has  issue.  (Col. 
Byrde  being  absent  abroad  in  1871,  further 
information  not  obtained.) 

Residence:  Goetre  House,  near  Abergavenny. 

CLAY,  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Piercefield  Park,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  Staffordshire  and  Derbyshire ;  son 
of  the  late  Joseph  Clay,  Esq.,  banker,  of 
Burton-on-Trent,  d.  1824,  by  Sarah  his 
wife  ;  b.  at  Burton-on-Trent,  in  1797  ;  **., 
in  1824,  Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  J. 
Leigh,  Esq ,  of  Sandhills  and  Upton,  Lan- 
cashire ;  s.  to  estates  in  1824  ;  has  issue  3 
sons,  Henry,  Joseph  Spender,  and  Charles 
John ;  and  2  daus.,  Caroline  Elizabeth 
and  Emily  Jane. 

Heir:  Henry  Clay,  jun.,  b.  1825;  M.A.  of 
Trinity  Coll.,  Camb.  ;  J.  P.  for  Monmouthshire  ; 
m.,  1863,  Mary  Louisa,  dau.  of  the  late  Henry 
Boden,  Esq.,  and  has  issue  ;  residence,  The  Mount, 
Chepstow. 


774 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Residence  :  Pietcefield  Park,  near  Chepstow. 
Arms  :  Arg.,  a  chevron  engrailed  sa.  between 
three  trefoils  of  the  second. 
Crest :  Two  wings  displayed  arg. 
Motto  :  Clarior  virtus  honoribus. 


COMES,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Bryn  (Has,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  Monmouthshire,  and  for  the  bor. 
of  Newport;  Sheriff  for  the  co.  of  Mon- 
mouth  1871.  (Further  information  not 
received.) 

CURKE,  William  Edward  Carne,  Esq.,  of  Itton 
Court,  Monmouthshire. 

A  minor ;  son  of  the  late  Edward  Mathew 
Curre,  Esq.,  of  Itton  Court,  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  Mon.,  and  High  Sheriff  1859 
(d.  Feb.  isth,  1868),  by  his  wife  Annie, 
second  dau.  of  Thomas  King,  Esq.,  of 
Chepstow;  b.  June  26th,  1855;  «/.  at 
Harrow  School ;  is  Patron  of  the  Rectory 
of  Itton,  Monmouthshire,  a  church,  dedi- 
cated to  St.  Deiniol,  of  Early  English  archi- 
tecture, and  recently  restored  in  memory 
of  the  late  E.  M.  Curre,  Esq. 

Residence:  Itton  Court,  near  Chepstow. 

Arms :  Arg.,  on  a  fesse  between  three  cross 
crosslets  sa..  three  martlets  or  (see  Sheriffs,  \  706), 
quartering  Turbeville,  Lewis,  Mathew,  &c. 

Crest :  An  eagle  displayed  or. 

Motto :  Gratus  si  amicus. 

LINEAGE. 

The  late  Edward  Mathew  Curre,  Esq.,  of  Itton 
Court,  the  only  surviving  son  of  William  Curre, 
Esq.  (d.  1855),  by  Mary  Alexaphina  (d.  1823), 
dau.  of  John  Bushby,  Esq. ,  of  Tinwald  Downs,  co. 
Dumfries,  was  b.  March  8th,  1809  ;  s.  in  1855  ;  d. 
February  isth,  1868.  He  m.,  in  1854,  Annie, 
second  dau.  of  Thomas  King,  Esq.,  of  Chepstow 
(as  above),  and  granddau.  of  Elizabeth  Pendrill,  a 
lineal  descendant  of  John  Pendrill  (see  Archtcologia 
Cambrensis,  1859,  pp.  114  and  229),  and  had 
issue, — 

1.  WILLIAM  EDWARD  CARNE,  now  of  Itton 
(as  above). 

2.  John-Mathew,  b.  April  8th,  1859. 

3.  Constance-Rebecca. 

This  family,  formerly  of  Stubwood,  near  Hunger- 
ford,  Berkshire,  has  been  .seated  in  Monmouthshire 
from  the  time  of  Charles  II.,  and  co-represents 
the  Glamorganshire  families  of  Turbeville  of  Cle- 
mentstone  (for  some  time  the  seat  of  the  Curres), 
Lewis  of  Penlline,  and  Mathew  of  Aberaman.  For 
sheriffs  of  this  family,  see  Sheriffs,  1706,  1760,  and 
under  co.  Glam.  1765. 

Note. — The  ancient  mansion  of  Itton  has  been  from 
time  to  time  restored  ;  but  certain  parts  of  it,  and 
especially  the  tower,  are  believed  to  be  of  the  four- 
teenth century. 


EVANS,   The  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Nantyderry, 
Monmouthshire. 

Represents  in  Monmouthshire  the  Evans 
family  of  Llangeler,  co.  of  Carm.,  who 
trace  from  an  ancient  and  distinguished 
ancestry ;  b.  at  Pensingrig,  Llangeler — a 
property  which  at  one  time  formed  a  part 
of  the  extensive  estate  of  the  Havards  of 
Dolhaidd  and  "  Goytre  in  Emlyn  ;"  ed.  at 
private  and  public  schools,  andTrin.  Coll., 
Dublin  ;  ordained  in  1841  on  the  curacy 
of  Goytre,  Mon.,  and  in  the  same  year 
presented  to  the  rectory  by  the  Right  Hon. 
the  Earl  of  Abergavenny ;  is  Surrogate 
for  the  diocese  of  Llandaff ;  author  of  several 
articles,  editor  of  Rev.  Daniel  Rees'  "  Ser- 
mons;" J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Mon.;  ;//., 
March  4th,  1862,  Anne,  only  child  and 
heiress  of  the  late  James  Corfe,  Esq.,  of 
Goodwood  Villa,  Clifton  (from  Corfe  Castle, 
Dorset)  ;  and  has  issue  3  daus., — 

1.  Charlotte  Mary. 

2.  Catherine  Anne. 

3.  Mabel  Gladys. 

Residence :  Nantyderry,  near  Abergavenny. 
Crest ;  A  bull's  head. 
Motto :  In  Deo  spes  est. 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  pedigree,  drawn  from  MSS.  in  the 
Heralds'  College,  Hugh  Thomas's  MSS.,  Dwnn's 
Visitations,  and  the  Dale  Castle  MSS.,  edited  by 
the  late  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart. ,  was  published 
in  the  Cambrian  Journal,  1864,  and  serves  as  a 
reliable  basis  for  the  following  particulars. 

Sir  Walter  Havard  (contracted  from  Havre  de 
Grace,  the  seaport  in  Normandy  whence  he  came) 
was  one  of  the  companion  knights  of  Bernard  de 
Neuf  Marche1,  or  Newmarch,  when,  in  the  time  of 
William  Rufus,  he  made  his  successful  descent  upon 
the  country  of  Brycheiniog,  the  greater  part  of 
which  in  later  times  has  been  called  Brecknock- 
shire. For  his  services  Walter  Havard  was  pre- 
sented with  a  tract  of  country  called  the  manor  or 
lordship  of  Pontwilym,  in  the  immediate  neighbour- 
hood of  Brecon. 

TheHavardscontinued  Lords  of  Pontwilym  forsix- 
teen  generations.  In  1543,  1549.  and  1555,  Thomas 
Havard  of  Pontwilym  served  as  high  sheriff  of 
his  county.  But  for  some  unknown  reason  they 
now  quitted  their  ancient  home,  and  we  next  find 
them  in  the  person  of  Harry  Havard,  the  grandson 
of  Thomas  Havard  aforesaid,  at  Dolhaidd,  in  Car- 
marthenshire. The  dignity  of  this  elder  branch  of 
the  house  seems  still  to  be  kept  up,  for,  according 
to  Edwards'  MS.  in  the  Her,  Coll.,  Harry  Havard 
of  Dolhaidd  m,  Elen,  dau.  of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas 
of  Dinefawr.  His  grandson  was — 

Harry  Havard  "  of  Goytre  iu  Emlyn,"  who  m. 
Mary,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Morris  (more  correctly 
Motys ;  writers  of  old  Welsh  pedigrees  distort 
names  as  by  rule)  Williams,  Vicar  of  Llangeler 
circa  1613. 

The  Havards  continued  to  reside  on  their  an- 
cestral estate  at  Goytre  for  five  generations  further. 


THE    COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


775 


Morys,  son  of  Harry  aforesaid,  was  lineally  repre- 
sented by  his  gr.  gr.  son,  John  Havard  of  Penlone 
and  Goytre,  the  last  resident  owner  of  the  Havard 
estate.  Harry,  son  of  John,  removed  to  Milford, 
and  at  length  the  name  became  extinct  (see  Evans, 
Crick/imvel).  Mary,  only  dau.  of  aforesaid  John 
Havard,  m. — 

Luther  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Llangeler,  a  man  of 
ardent  piety,  son  of  Josiah  Evans  of  Llangeler, 
tracing  his  lineage,  according  to  the  Lewes  MSS., 
from  Hoedliw,  Lord  of  Iscerdin  in  Llandysul,  ap 
Llawr  ap  Assur  ap  Morudd,  King  of  Cardigan,  &c. 
Luther  Evans,  by  his  wife,  Mary  Havard,  had 
issue — 

Methusalem  Evans,  of  Llangeler,  who  m.,  1st, 
Mary,  eldest  child  of  William  Jones,  Esq.,  son  of 
Kichard  Jones  of  Penwernfawr,  Llandygwydd,  co. 
Cardigan,  and  had  issue  as  follows  : — 

John  Evans,  Rector  of  Crickhowel  (see  Evans, 
Crickhowel),  who  is  eldest  son. 

William  Evans,  B.D.,  Vicar  of  Usk,  and  J.  P. 
for  Mon.  (deceased),  m.  Louisa  Caroline,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  A.  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Llangibby 
Castle,  M.P.  for  Mon.,  and  has  issue  three  sons 
and  two  daus. 

Samuel  Evans,  Vicar  of  Marshfiekl,  m.  Emma, 
dau.  of  Griffith  Davies  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Maeseglwys, 
and  has  issue  two  sons  and  two  daus.,  eldest  son 
in  holy  orders. 

Hannah  m.  John  James  of  Dolybryn,  and  has 
issue  ;  eldest  son  in  holy  orders. 

THOMAS  EVANS  (as  above),  Rector  of  Goytre, 
Mon. 

Methusalem  Evans  m.,  zndly,  Hannah,  dau.  of 
Thomas  Howell,  Esq.,  of  Pen'rallt  Fadog,  Llan- 
geler, and  had  issue  Howell  Howell  Evans,  and 
George  Evans,  who  died  young. 

Through  his  mother,  Anne,  only  dau.  of  the  afore- 
said Josiah  Evans,  descended  also  from  Hoedliw, 
Lord  of  Iscerdin,  the  late  Rev.  Daniel  Rees  of 
Gilvachlas,  Llangeler,  who  for  thirty-five  years  was 
Rector  of  Aberystruth,  co.  Mon.,  J.  P.  and  D.  L. 
for  that  county.  He  was  eminent  for  his  high 
attainments  and  usefulness  as  a  minister  of  the 
church,  was  the  author  of  a  collection  of  hymns  in 
English  and  Welsh,  and  of  a  volume  of  forty 
excellent  sermons  in  English,  published  after  his 
death.  He  is  represented  by  his  only  surviving 
child,  Susan  Maria,  who  is  m.  to  J.  G.  French, 
Esq.,  Wells,  Somerset. 

On  the  mother's  side  the  Rev.  Thomas  Evans  is 
descended,  according  to  the  same  authorities, 
through  Catherine,  heiress  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq., 
of  Pantcilgane,  Llangeler,  Carm.,  from  Meredydd 
ap  Rhydderch,  Lord  of  Derllysc  Castle  and  "the 
half  of  Dyfed,"  grandson  of  Tewdwr  Mawr  (Tudor 
the  Great),  gr.  gr.  son  of  Howel  Dda,  King  of 
Wales,  who  himself  was  grandson  of  Rhodri  Mawr. 

The  first  Lloyd  (from  the  Forest),  according  to 
the  Lewes  AISS.,  settled  at  Pantcilgane  towards  the 
end  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  where  the  family 
possessed  estates  of  considerable  extent,  and  inter- 
married with  several  of  the  most  ancient  houses  in 
the  counties  of  Carmarthen  and  Cardigan. 


FALCONER,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Usk,  Monmouth- 
shire. 

Judge  of  County  Courts  in  Glamorgan, 
Breconshire,  and  part  of  Radnorshire  since 
1851  ;  J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Momnouth, 


Glamorgan,  and  Brecknock  (see  Magis- 
trates); was  employed  by  Government  in 
1850  in  a  case  of  arbitration  on  the 
boundaries  of  Canada  and  New  Bruns- 
wick ;  Author  of  pamphlets  on  Educational 
Endowments,  &c. ;  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Falconer,  M.A. ;  b.  1805  ;  called 
to  the  Bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn  1830.  Among 
brothers  living  are  Dr.  R.  W.  Falconer, 
M.D.,  of  Bath ;  Rev.  William  Falconer, 
M.A ,  Rector  of  Bushey,  Herts. 

Residence :  Usk,  Monmouthshire. 
Town  Address :  Lincoln's  Inn. 
Arms:   Or,    a   falcon's   head   issuing   from   n 
heart  gu.  between  three  mullets  az. 
Crest :  A  falcon  ppr. 

GEATEEX,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Farmwood,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth. 
and  J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Newport ;  Sheriff 
for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  1857.  (Further 
particulars  not  received.) 

GEEENEOW-RELPH,  George  Eelph,  Esq.,  of 
Beech  Hili,  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth;  High 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  in  1867. 

(Further  information  not  received.') 
Residence :  Beech  Hill,  near  Usk. 

HAMILTON,  Price  Bowman,  Esq.,  of  Hilbton 
Park,  Monmouthshire. 

Late  Lieut.  i3th  Hussars,  formerly  Major- 
commanding  7th  L.A.V. ;  J.  P.  for  Mon- 
mouthshire ;  son  of  the  late  John  Hamil- 
ton, Esq.,  J.  P.  of  Hilston  Park  (d.  1868), 
by  Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  Pryce  Jones, 
Esq.,  of  Cyfronydd,  Mont. ;  b.  at  Bellefield, 
Cheshire,  April  i  ith,  1844  ;  ed.  at  Harrow; 
s.  Dec.  20,  1868. 

Heiresses:  Sisters :  I.  Alice  Mary  Sinclair, 
Countess  of  Mar;  2.  Laura  Jane  Campbell 
Hamilton. 

Residence :  Hilston  Park,  Monmouth. 

Town  Address:  Boodle's  Club,  St.  James's 
Street ;  Windham  Club,  St.  James's  Square. 

Arms:  The  arms  of  Hamilton  of  Coats,  co. 
Lanark. 

Crests  The  same. 

Alotto  :  Through. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Robert  II. 
of  Scotland,  through  Paul  Hamilton  of  Coats  (1600), 
from  whom  John  Hamilton,  Esq.,  of  the  Deer 
Park,  Greenock,  gr.  grandfather  of  the  present 
representative,  traced  in  direct  line.  The  family 
has  intermarried  with  several  houses  of  distinguished 
rank,  such  as  the  Bute  and  Mar  families. 


776 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


HA.NBURY,  John  Capel,  Esq.,  of  Pontypool 
Part-,  Monmouthshire. 

Son  of  the  late  Capel  Hanbury  Leigh, 
Esq.,  of  Pontypool  Park  (who  had  adopted 
the  surname  Leigh  in  addition  to  his  own 
of  Hanbury),  by  his  second  wife,  Emma 
Elizabeth  (who  survives),  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Bates  Rous,  Esq.,  of  Courtyrala, 
co.  Glamorgan  ;  b.  1853  ;  s.,  on  the  death 
of  his  father,  1861,  and  resumed  the  desig- 
nation Hanbury  only,  the  original  surname 
of  his  family. 

Residence :  Pontypool  Park,  Mon. 
Arms  :  The  arms  of  Hanbury  and  Leigh. 


HERBERT,   John  Arthur  Edward,  Esq.,  of 
Llanarth,  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
High  Sheriff  in  1858;  was  formerly  in  the 
Diplomatic  Service  ;  eldest  son  of  the  late 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llanarth,  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  co.  of  Monmouth,  by  the  Hon. 
Lady  Harriet,  only  dau.  of  Arthur  James, 
8th  Earl  of  Fingall,  K.P. ;  b.  at  Llanarth 
Court,  1818 ;  ed.  at  Prior  Park  College, 
Bath  ;  assumed  in  1848  the  name  of  Her- 
bert, being  lineally  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  of  Herberts  (see  Lineage),  in 
lieu  of  that  of  Jones;  »*.,  1846,  the  Hon. 
Augusta  Charlotte  Elizabeth,  only  sur- 
viving child  of  the  Right  Hon.  Baron 
Llanover,  of  Llanover  and  Abercarn,  co.  of 
Monmouth  (see  Llanover,  Lady,  of  Llan- 
over, &c.),  and  has  issue  as  in  Lineage 
below. 

Heir:  Ivor  John  Caradoc,  b.  1851. 

Residence :  Llanarth,  Monmouthshire. 

Arms :  Per  pale  az.  and  gu. ,  three  lions  ram- 
pant arg.  (with  numerous  quarterings). 

Crest:  A  Saracen  woman's  head  affrontee 
ppr.,  hair  sa. ,  wearing  a  wreath  or  and  gu. 

Motto  :  Asgre  Ian  diogel  ei  pherchen :  ' '  Secure 
is  he  who  has  a  pure  conscience." 

LINEAGE. 

This  very  ancient  family  derive  from 
HERBERT  (great-grandson  of  Herbert, 
Count  of  Vermandois,  lineal  descendant 
of  Charlemagne)  who  came  to  England 
with  William  the  Conqueror. 

His  son  HERBERT,  called  of  Winchester,  was 
Chamberlain  and  Treasurer  to  Henry  I. 

His  son,  HERBERT,  obtained  from  Henry  II.  a 
confirmation  of  his  father's  landed  possessions,  and 
likewise  the  office  of  Chamberlain.  He  ;«.  Lucie 
(or  Lwsi),  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Milo  Fitzwalter,  Earl 
of  Hereford,  and  by  her  acquired  the  Forest  of 
Dean,  and  large  possessions  in  the  county  of 


Gloucester  and  in   Brycheiniog,   the  district  now 
known  as  the  co.  of  Brecon,  and  d.  in  1205. 

PETER  Fitz  (or  son  of)  Herbert,  was  one  of  the 
barons  who  signed  Magna  Charta.  He  m.,  1st, 
Alice,  or  Alls,  dau.  of  Robert  Fitz  Roger  Lord  of 
Warkworth  and  Clavering,  and  had  a  son  and  h. ; 
and  2ndly,  Isabel,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  William  de 
Braos,  and  widow  of  Dafydd  ab  Llewelyn,  Prince 
of  North  Wales,  and  thus  acquired  the  lordships  and 
castles  of  Blaen  Llyfni,  and  Talgarth  in  Brycheiniog, 
with  other  possessions  in  Wales.  He  d.  in  1235, 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 

REGINALD,  son  of  Peter,  Lord  of  Blaen  Llyfni, 
a  feudal  chief  of  great  rank  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
III.  He  itt.  Joan  de  Vivonia,  dau.  and  co-h.  of 
William  de  Vivonia,  Lord  of  Chewton.  Their 
third  son, 

PETER,  son  of  Reginald,  b.  in  1275,  m.  Alice, 
dau.  and  h.  of  Bleiddian  (or  Bleddyn)  Broadspear, 
Lord  of  Llanllywel,  near  Usk  ( Wysg),  in  Gwent. 
He  died  in  1323. 

HERBERT,  son  of  Peter,  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of 
Sir  John  Walsh,  Kt.,  and  left  a  son  and  h., 

ADAM,  son  of  Herbert,  lord  of  Llanllywel  and 
of  Betesley,  or  Beachly,  on  the  Severn,  who  m. 
Christian,  dau.  and  h.  of  Gwaryn  Ddu  (the 
dark},  lord  of  Llandeilo,  whose  residence,  Gweiv 
Ddu,  was  situated  near  Abergavenny,  where  tht 
remains  and  name  still  exist,  with  a  once  cele- 
brated well — and  in  the  church  of  that  town  is  a 
stone  figure  representing  a  female,  with  the  arms 
of  Gwaryn  Ddft  upon  it,  believed  to  have  been 
part  of  the  tomb  of  Christian.  Their  son, 

JOHN  HERBERT  AB  (son  of)  ADAM,  alias 
Siencyn  (misspelt  and  miscalled  Jenkin),  Lord  of 
Gwern  Ddu,  m.  Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Sir  Aron  ab 
Bledri,  Kt.,  and  left  a  son  and  h., 

GWILYM  AB  SIENCYN  (misspelt  William  ap 
Jenkin),  otherwise  HERBERT,  Lord  of  Gwem  Ddu, 
living  at  the  very  ancient  residence  of  Perth  Hir, 
near  Monmouth,  from  2Oth  to  5oth  (1337)  of 
Edward  III.,  m.  Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Hywel 
Vychan  (misspelt  Howell  Vaughan),  and  had  four 
sons. 

The  eldest  son,  Siencyn  ab  Gwilym,  was  the 
ancestor  of  the  Ab  Rogers  (Progers)  of  Gwern 
Ddu  (corruptly  called  Werndu),  which  branch  of 
the  family  is  now  extinct. 

The  second  son,  Dafydd  ab  Gwilym,  was  ancestor 
of  the  Morgans  of  Arxton,  which  branch  became 
extinct  in  the  male  line  in  the  1 7th  century. 

The  third  son,  Hywel  ab  Gwilym,  ancestor  of 
the  Herberts  of  Llanarth. 

The  fourth  son,  Tomas  ab  Gwilym  ab  Siencyn 
(otherwise  Herbert),  Kt.,  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of 
Pembroke,  Powis,  and  Carnarvon,  Lord  Herbert 
of  Cherbury,  &c.  (See  pedigree  below.) 

HYWEL  AB  GWILYM  (the  third  son  of  Gwilym 
ab  Siencyn  Herbert),  m.  Maud,  dau.  of  Hywel 
ab  Rhys,  and  left  a  son, 

SIENCYN  (Jenkin)  AB  HYWEL,  who  m.  Con- 
stance, dau.  of  Roger  Fychan  ab  Walter  Sais. 
Their  son, 

DAFYDD  AB  SIENCYN,  fell  at  Banbury,  fight- 
ing under  the  standard  of  his  cousin,  the  Earl  of 
Pembroke.  He  m.  Margaret,  dau.  and  co-h.  of 
Thomas  Huntley,  of  Tre-owain,  Esq. 

Their  son,  TOMAS  AB  DAKYDD  AB  SIENCYN, 
of  Tre-Owain,  &c.,  &c.,  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of 
Morgan  Cemaes,  corruptly  spelt  Kemeys. 

Their  son,  JOHN  AB  TOMAS,  of  Tre-Owain,  &c., 
&c.,  ;«.,  in  1481,  Ann,  dau.  of  Dafydd  ab  Gwilym 
Morgan,  (refer  to  second  son  of  Gwilym  ab  Sien- 
cyn), of  Arxton,  in  the  co.  of  Hereford,  Esyiire. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


777 


Their  issue  were  compelled  by  law  to  adopt  the 
English  custom  of  surnames;  thus,  Otailym  ap  John 
(son  of  John)  became  corrupted  into  the  name  of — 
WILLIAM  JONES  [but  see  Sheriffs,  iS56],ofTre- 
Owainand  Llanarth,  lord  of  the  manorsof  Hendrcf- 
Obaith,  Castell  Arnold,  Llanarth,  and  Cem-Du- 
glawdd.  He ///.three  times.  His  first  wife  was  Con- 
stance, dau.  of  ThomasMorgan,  and  sisterof  Rowland 
Morgan,  of  Machen,  Esquire.  Their  eldest  son, 

JOHN  JONES,  ofTre-Owain,  &c.,&c..  was  living 
in  1563,  but  d.  before  1609.  He  m.  Ann  ,  dau. 
of  Giles  Doddington,  Esq. 

Their  son,  WILLIAM  JONES,  of  Tre-Owain, 
Llanarth,  and  Hendref-Obaith,  m.  Jane,  only  dau. 
and  h.  of  Moor  Gwilym,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth;  and 
their  son  was 

SIR  PHILIP  JONES,  Kt.,  of  Tre-Owain,  Llan- 
arth, &c.,  &c.,  Lieut.-Col.  of  the  troops  raised  in 
the  co.  of  Monmouth,  for  Charles  I.,  and  one  of 
the  gallant  defenders  of  Rhaglan  Castle  during  the 
siege  by  Fairfax.  Sir  Philip  Jones  ///.  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Morgan,  Bart.,  ofLlantarnam 
Abbey,  and  d.  in  1660. 

Their  son,  WILLIAM  JONES,  of  Llanarth  and 
Tre-owain,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Christopher  Ander- 
ton,  Esq.,  of  Lostoch,  co.  Lancaster,  and  d.  in 
1667.  Tre-Owain  having  been  greatly  damaged 
by  Cromwell's  army,  Llanarth  has  since  con- 
tinued to  be  the  chief  residence  of  the  family;  but 
Tre-Owain  still  retains  a  magnificent  staircase,  and 
other  remains  of  ancient  grandeur. 

Their  son,  PHILIP  JONES,  of  Llanarth  and  Tre- 
Owain,  m.  Anne,  dau.  and  h.  of  Anthony  Bassett, 
Esq. ,  of  Cae  Maen,  in  the  co.  of  Glamorgan  ;  and 
their  son, 

JOHN  JONES,  of  Llanarth,  Tre-Owain,  and  Pen- 
Llwyn,  m.  Florence,  sister  and  h.  of  Henry  Morgan, 
of  Pen-Llwyn  Sarph,  Esquire  (a  branch  of  the 
Morgans  of  Tredegar).  He  d.  in  March,  1775, 
aged  88,  leaving  a  son, — 

PHILIP  JONES,  of  Llanarth,  Tre-Owain,  and 
Penllwyn.  b.  in  1723,  ///.  Catherine,  youngest  sister 
and  co-h.  of  John  Wyborne,  Esq.,  of  Hawkwell 
Place,  in  Kent.  He  died  in  1782. 

Their  son,  JOHN  JONES,  of  Llanarth,  Tre-Owain, 
and  Penllwyn,  also  of  Upton  Court,  Berkshire, 
m.,  in  1789,  his  cousin  Mary,  eldest  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  Richard  Lee,  Esq.,  of  Llanifoist,  near  Aber- 
gavenny,  and  d.  in  June,  1828. 

Their  eldest  son,  JOHN  JONES,  of  Llanarth, 
Tre-Owain  and  Penllwyn,  b.  1790,  m.,  September, 
1817,  the  Lady  Harriet  Plunkett,  only  dau.  of  Arthur 
James,  8th  Earl  of  Fingall,  and  d.  22nd  April, 
1848,  leaving,  with  other  issue, 

JOHN  ARTHUR  EDWARD  JONES,  now  of  Llan- 
arth, Tre-Owain,  and  Pen-Llwyn  (as  above). 

This  gentleman  (with  his  brothers  and  only  sur- 
viving sister,  viz., — 

Arthur  Jatttes,  C.  B  ,  Colonel  in  the  army,  and  Assistant 
Adjutant-General : 

Edmund  Philip,  late  Major  in  the  Royal  Monmouth 
Militia,  and  now  Chief  Constable  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
and 

Mary  Louisa,  since  m,  to  John  H.  Tozer,  Esq.), 

was  especially  and  alone  authorized  by  royal 
licence  and  sign-manual,  September  20,  1848, 
to  adopt  the  surname  of  his  illustrious  an- 
cestors (HERBERT),  being  the  representative  of 
the  elder  branch  of  the  Herbert  family  in  direct 
male  descent  for  more  than  800  years.  Mr. 
Herbert  of  Llanarth  being  also  descended  from 
Ann,  dau.  of  Dafydd  ab  Gwilym  ab  Morgan  ab 
Dafydd  ab  Gwilym  ab  Siencyn  of  Gwern  Ddu, 
represents  in  the  female  line  the  Ar.xlon  branch 
of  the  Herbert  family. 


Mr.  Herbert  of  Llanarth  has  issue — 

1.  Ivor-John-Caradoc,    b.    I5th    July,    1851,  a 
Lieut,  in  the  Grenadier  Guards. 

2.  Arthur-James,  />.  August,  1854. 

3.  Edward-Bleiddian,  b.  January,  1858. 

4.  Stephan-Sulien-Carolus,  b.  1 8th  Dec.,  1864,  d. 
April  6th,  1869;  and  two  dans., — 

1.  Henrietta-Maria-Ariamven,  and — 

2.  Florence  Catherine-Mary. 

Note. — For  a  notice  of  the  mansion  and  estate  of 
Llanarth,  see  p.  717,  ante. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  THE  FOURTH  SON  OF  Gwilym  ab 

Siencyn,    OTHERWISE   HERBERT. 

Note. — The  fourth  son,  TOMAS  AB  GWILYM  AB 
SIENCYN  (otherwise  HERBERT),  Kt.,  of  Perth- Htr, 
near  Monmouth,  m.  Maud,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Sir  John 
Morley,  Kt.,  and  acquired  thereby  Llansantffraed,  now 
the  property  of  Mr.  Herbert,  of  Llanarth. 

Their  youngest  son,  SIR  WILLIAM  AB  TOMAS,  Kt. 
(otherwise  HERBERT),  of  Raglan  Castle,  was  knighted 
by  Henry  V.  at  Agincourt.  He  /«.  Gwladys,  dau. 
of  Sir  Dafydd  Gam  [who  was  widow  of  Sir  Roger 
Vaughan,  of  Tretower  ( Tre'rtwr),  who  fell  at  Ag  in- 
cotirt],  by  whom  he  had  three  sons. 

The  second  son,  Thomas,  of  Troy,  d.  s.  p. 

The  eldest  son,  SIR  WILLIAM  HERBERT,  K.G.,  created  Earl 
of  Pembroke  by  Edward  IV. ,  was  beheaded  by  the  Lancastrians 
after  the  battle  of  Banbury,  July,  1469.  He  m.  Anne,_dau.  of 


Charles  Somerset,  ist  Earl  of  Worcester,  who  assumed  in  his 
wife's  right  the  title  of  Lord  Herbert,  of  Raglan,  Chepstow, 
and  Gower.  (See  Beaufort.) 

WILLIAM,  1st  Earl  of  Pembroke,  left  also  two  natural  sons  ; 
the  second  was  Sir  William  Herbert,  Kt.,  of  Troy,  from 
whom  descended  the  Ap  HYWELS  (Powell)  of  Troy,  and 
HERBERTS,  of  Wonastow,  whose  h.  conveyed  that  estate  to  the 
Milborne  family,  together  with  the  old  Priory  House  and  estates 
near  Abergavenny,  now  inherited  by  Col.  C.  Kemys  (Cem- 
aes)  Tynte  of  Cefn  Mably. 

The  Earl  of  Pembroke  s  eldest  natural  son  was 

SIR  RICHARD  HERBERT,  Kt.,  of  Ewias,  whose  eldest  son, 

SIR  WILLIAM  HERBERT,  K.G.,  was  created  Baron  Herbert 
of  Caerdiff,  loth  October,  1551,  and  on  the  morrow,  Earl  of 
Pembroke.  He  was  s.  by  his  eldest  son, 

HENRY,  2nd  Earl,  K.G.,  who  d.  1601,  and  was  s.  by  his 
eldest  son, 

WILLIAM,  who  d.  t.  /».,  whose  brother, 

PHILIP,  4th  Earl  of  Pembroke,  had  in  the  lifetime  of  his 
brother  been  created  Earl  of  Montgomery.  He  was  s.  in  1655 
3y  his  son 

PHILIP,  5th  Earl  of  Pembroke  and  2nd  of  Montgomery,  who 
d.  1669. 

The  6th  Earl,  William,  d.  unmarried,  and  was  s.  by 
_  PHILIP,  who  left  no  male  issue,  and  the  honours  devolved  upon 
us  only  brother, 

THOMAS,  8th  Earl  of  Pembroke  and  sth  of  Montgomery,  who 
was  s.  in  his  titles  by  his  eldost  son, 

HENRY,  gth  Earl  of  Pembroke,  whilst  his  fifth  son, 

WILLIAM,  was  the  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of  Carnarvon.  (See 
>elow.) 

HENRY,  loth  Earl  of  Pembroke,  d.  1794,  and  was  s.  by  his 
on, 

GEORGE  AUGUSTUS,  nth  Earl  of  Pembroke.  By  his  ist 
marriage  this  nobleman  had  a  son, 

ROBERT  HENRY,  isth  Earl,  and  by  his  2nd  marriage  he  was 
he  father  of 

SIDNEY,  created  Lord  Herbert  of  Lea,  whose  son, 

GEORGE-RORERT-CHARLES,  and  Lord  Herbert  of  Lea,  j.  on 
he  death  of  his  uncle,  in  1862,  to  the  Earldoms  of  Pembroke 
and  Montgomery. 

The  Earl*  of  Carnarvon  (Catr'narvon}  are  also  descended  from 
this  branch,  as  stated  above. 

The  Hon.  William  Herbert,  5th  son  of  Thomas,  Sth  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  was  s.  by  his  eldest  son, 

HENRY  HERBERT,  Esq.,  created,  1780,  Lord  Porchester,  and 
1793,  Earl  of  Carnarvon.  His  eldest  son, 

HENRY  GEORGE,  2nd  Earl,  d.  April,  1833,  and  was  s.  by  his 
son, 

HENRV-JOHN-GEORGE,  3rd  Earl,  who  dying  in  1840,  was  .t. 
by  his  son, 

HENRY     HowARD-MoLYNEUx-Herbcrt,    the    present     Bail 

Carnarvon  (1872). 


778 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


The  third  son,  SIR  Richard  (Risiarf)  HERBERT,  of  Mont- 
gomery, was  slain  at  Banbury.  His  eldest  son  was  ancestor  of 
the  Coldbrook  family. 

SIR  RICHARD,  his  second  son,  was  father  of 
EDWARD  HERBERT,  Esq.,  who  left  three  sons,— 
RICHARD,  father  of  Edward,  ist  Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury. 
MATTHEW,  M.P.  for  Monmouth  in  1564,  and  Charles,  whose 
grandson,  Sir  Arthur,  a  famous  admiral,  was  created  Earl  of 
Torrington  in  1689,  but  d.  s.p,  in  1716. 

MATTHEW  HERBERT,  M.P.,  was  the  father  of 
FRANCIS  HERBERT,  of  Oakley  Park,  whose  son, 
RICHARD,    m.    Florence,  sole   h.   to   the   Lords   Herbert  of 
Cherbury,  and  that  dignity  was  revived  in  1743  for  his  son, 

HENRY  ARTHUR  HERBERT,  who  thus  became  yth  Lord  Herbert 
of  Cherbury,  and  on  the  death  ot"  William,  3rd  Marquis  of 
Powis,  in  1745,  the  Earldom  of  Powis  was  conferred  on  Lord 
Herbert  as  his  nearest  male  h.  and  the  husband  of  his  niece. 
He  died  in  1772,  and  his  only  son, 

GEORGE,  and  Earl,  dying  unmarried  in  1801,  the  titles 
became  extinct  and  his  sister,  Henrietta-Antonia,  became 
the  representative  of  the  Herberts  of  Powis  (properly  Ptnvys)  and 
Cherbury.  She  m.t  in  1784, 

EDWARD,  and  Lord  Clive,  who  in  1804  was  created  Lord 
Herbert  of  Cherbury  and  Earl  of  Powis.  Their  son, 

EDWARD,  and  Earl  of  Powis,  d.  in  1848,  leaving,  with  other 
issue,  Ed  ward -James- Herbert,  the  present  Earl  (1872),  b.  1818. 


HERBERT,  William,  Esq.,  of  Clytha  House, 
Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1844  (see 
Sheriffs);  third  son  of  the  late  John  Jones, 
Esq.,  of  Llanarth,  co.  of  Monmouth ;  b. 
1798;  assumed  in  1862  the  name  of 
Herbert,  the  ancient  surname  of  his  family, 
in  lieu  of  the  more  recently  introduced 
surname  of  Jones  ;  m.,  1833,  Frances,  dau. 
of  Edward  Huddleston,  Esq.,  of  Savvston 
Hall,  Cambridgeshire,  and  has  issue  2  sons 
and  2  daus. 

Heir:  William  Reginald  Joseph  Fitzherbert, 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Mon.,  b.  1841  ;  m.,  1866, 
Charlotte,  dau.  of  T.  W.  Giffard,  Esq.,  and  has 
issue. 

Residence  i  Clytha  House,  Abergavenny. 

Arms :  For  arms  see  Herbert  of  Llanarth, 

LINEAGE. 

This  is  a  junior  branch  of  that  ancient  family  of 
which  that  of  Llanarth,  in  the  same  co.,  is  the 
senior.  The  full  lineage  is  to  be  found  under 
Herbert  of  Llanarth. 


HILL,  James  Charles,  Esq.,  of  The  Brooks, 
Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth; 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1872.  (Further 
information  not  received.) 


HOMFRAT,  Samuel,  Esq.,  of  Glen-usk,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  and  for  the 
bor.  of  Newport ;  Sheriff  for  the  co.  of 
Monmouth  1841  ;  son  of  the  late  Samuel 
Homfray,  Esq.,  sometime  M.P.  for  Stafford, 


by  Jane,  his  wife,  dau.  of  the  late  Sir 
Charles  Morgan,  Bart.,  of  Tredegar  Park ; 
^-  I795i  m-i  1822,  Miss  Stabb,  and  has 
with  other  issue  an  eldest  son, — 

SAMUEL  GEORGE  HOMFRAY,  Esq.,  ot 
Neuaddfach,  co.  Carmarthen,  J.  P.  for  the 
co.  of  Mon. 

Pesidence :  Glen-usk,  near  Caerleon. 
Town  Address  :  Carlton  Club. 


HUMFREY,   James,  Esq.,  of  Llanwenarth, 
Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Richard  Humfrey,  Esq.,  of 
Dorset,  by  Lucy,  dau.  of  James  Morgan, 
merchant,  of  Bristol  (mayor  of  that  city  in 
1793),  and  senior  surviving  descendant  of 
the  Morgans  of  Llanwenarth  (i'ide  Hist,  of 
Brecknockshire,  vol.  ii.,  page  479) ;  b.  July 
29,  1817;  ed.  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford  ; 
grad.  B.A.  1840,  M.A.  1843  ;  m.,  1851, 
Marianne  Dumaresq,  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Bath,  Esq.,  of  Brecon;  s.  in  1862, 
on  the  death  of  his  mother;  has  issue  a 
son  and  dau. 

Heir :  Frederic  Morgan  Humfrey. 

Kesidence:  Llanwenarth  House,  near  Aber- 
gavenny. 

Arms :  Gules,  a  cross  botonee,  with  three  es- 
callop shells  on  each  end. 

Crest :  A  harpy  displayed. 

Alotto :  L'homme  vrai  aime  son  pays. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  Norman  origin,  and  the  earls 
progenitors  were  distinguished  among  the  soldiery 
of  the  cross  ;  there  is  a  portrait  of  John  Humfray, 
living  in  1390,  a  gallant  warrior  of  that  day,  still 
preserved  in  the  British  Museum.  William  Hum- 
frey, the  lineal  descendant,  resided  in  1594  at 
Rotherham,  in  Yorkshire. 

Note. — Exact  date  of  erection  of  mansion  is  not 
known,  but  there  are  title-deeds  bearing  date  1602. 


JAMES,  James  George,  Esq.,  of  Tynewydd, 
Monmouthshire. 

In  the  Commission  of  the  Peace  for  the 
co.  of  Monmouth  ;  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Mr.  Edmund  James,  of  Tynewydd,  parish 
of  Bedwellty ;  b.  at  Tynewydd,  December 
6th,  1831 ;  is  unm. 

Residence :  Tynewydd,  Blackwood,  near  New- 
port. 

JAMES,  John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Myrtle  Grove, 
Monmouthshire. 

In  the  Commission  of  the  Peace  for  the 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


779 


co.  of  Monmouth ;  2nd  son  of  the  late 
Mr.  Edmund  James;  b.  at  Tynewydd, 
December  3oth,  1833  ;  is  num. 

Residence:    Myrtle    Grove,    Blackwood,    near 

Newport. 

ZENKAUD,  Henry  Martyn,  Esq.,  of  Crumlin 
Hall,  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ;  High 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  in  1863  (see  Sheriffs); 
younger  son  of  Robert  William  Kennard, 
Esq.,  of  Gatcombe  Park,  Isle  of  Wight,  an 
ironmaster  at  Blaenavon,  Monmouthshire, 
and  sometime  M.P.  for  the  Isle  of  Wight; 
b.  1833  ;  m.  Catherine,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  George  Thomas,  M.A.,  of  Ystrad- 
Mynach,  and  has  issue. 

Residence:  Crumlin  Hall,  near  Newport. 


LAWRENCE,  John,  Esq.,  of  Crick  House,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Langstone;  J.  P. 
for  the  co.  of  Monmouth ;  High  Sheriff  for 
the  same  co.  in  1869  •  son  of  the  late  John 
Lawrence,  Esq.,  and  Anne  his  wife;  b.  at 
Maesyrhew  House,  co.  of  Monmouth,  in 
1807  ;  m.,  1838,  Adelaide  Lucy,  dau.  of 
Thomas  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Pontypool,  and 
his  wife  Catherine  Ferrers,  dau.  of  Edward 
Ferrers,  Esq.,  of  Badesley  Clinton,  War- 
wickshire ;  has  issue  4  sons  and  2  daus. 

Heirs  John  Lawrence,  Captain  in  the  4th 
Hussars,  deceased. 

Residences:  Crick  House,  Chepstow,  and  The 
Graig,  Cumbran. 

Crest :  A  stag's  head. 

Motto  :  Deus  omnia  ducit. 


LEWIS,  Charles  Edward,  Esq.,  of  St.  Pierre, 
Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
son  of  Rev.  Francis  Lewis,  M.A.,  B.D.,  of 
St.  Pierre,  by  Mary,  his  first  wife,  dau.  of 
George  Emerson,  Esq. ;  b.  26th  April,  1830, 
at  Portskewett,  co.  of  Monmouth ;  ed.  at 
Rugby;  m.,  2nd  Oct.,  1858,  Sarah  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  of  James  Staunton  Lambert, 
Esq.,  of  Waterdale,  co.  Galway,  Ireland, 
and  the  Hon.  Camden  Elizabeth,  his  wife  ; 
s.  1872;  is  Patron  of  the  livings  of  St. 
Pierre  w.  Portskewett,  and  Mounton,  co. 
of  Monmouth. 

Ifeir  Presumptive:  His  brother,  Thomas  Freke 
Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Dorecourt,- co.  Hereford. 
Residence :  St.  Pierre,  near  Chepstow. 


Arms  :  Or,  a  lion  rampant  guardant  sa. 

Crest :  A  griffin  segreant  sable. 

Motto :  Ha  persa  la  fede,  Ha  perso  1'onore. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Cadivor 
Prince  of  Dyved,  which  comprised  Pembrokeshire, 
and  part  of  Cardiganshire  and  Carmarthenshire. 
Cadivor  flourished  about  the  period  of  the  Norman 
Conquest.  The  family  of  Lewis  has  resided  and 
held  prominent  position  for  many  ages  in  the  co. 
of  Monmouth,  as  will  be  se,en  by  reference  to  the 
list  of  Sheriffs,  ante. 

Note. — On  this  estate  are  Caldicott  Castle,  South- 
brook  Camp  (a  Roman  camp  of  some  interest),  the 
houses  of  Moyne's  Court  and  of  St.  Pierre,  both  of 
which  are  of  great  antiquity — dates  unknown.  St. 
Pierre  has  a  tower,  and  two  courtyards  supposed  to 
have  been  used  for  protecting  cattle  in  perilous  times. 
Moyne's  Court  has  a  gateway  with  two  towers,  and 
an  enclosed  courtyard. 


LLANOVER,  The  Eight  Hon.  Augusta, 
Baroness  Llanover,  of  Llanover  and 
Abercarn,  co.  of  Monmouth,  South 
Wales. 

Widow  of  the  Right.  Hon.  Benjamin,  Baron 
Llanover,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  co.  of 
Monmouth,  who  was  born  Nov.  8,  1802  ; 
ed.  at  Westminster  school ;  entered  as  a 
Gentleman  Commoner  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford;  was  created  a  baronet,  July,  1838  ; 
Baron  Llanover  of  Llanover  and  Abercarn, 
1859;  a  Privy  Councillor,  1854;  held  the 
office  of  President  of  the  Board  of  Health, 
1854-5,  and  that  of  First  Commissioner  of 
Works,  1855-8;  was  M.P.  for  the  united 
boroughs  of  Monmouth,  Newport,  and 
Usk,  1832-7,  and  for  the  borough  of  Mary- 
lebone  from  1837  until  he  was  called  to 
the  House  of  Lords  as  Baron  Llanover  of 
Llanover  and  Abercarn. 

Lord  Llanover  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Benjamin  Hall,  of  Abercarn  and  Hensol 
Castle  in  the  cos.  of  Monmouth  and  Gla- 
morgan, South  Wales,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  the 
co.  of  Glamorgan,  by  Charlotte,  dau.  of 
W.  Crawshay,  of  Cyfarthfa  Castle,  Gla- 
morgan, Esq.  His  grandfather,  Benjamin 
Hall,  D.D.,  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of 
Llandaff,  who  died  Feb.  25,  1825,  aged 
82,  a  man  of  extensive  learning  and  an 
erudite  Welsh  scholar,  was  descended  from 
an  ancient  family  in  the  co.  of  Pembroke, 
South  Wales. 

He  M.,  Dec.  4,  1823,  Augusta  (the 
present  Lady  Llanover),  dau.  and  co-h.  of 
Benjamin  Waddington,  of  Llanover,  Esq. 
(Tide  Pedigree  infra),  and  had  issue  two 
sons,  B.  Hanbury  Stuart,  b.  Jan.  19,  1826; 
d.  nth  Feb.,  1845  ;  and  B.  Caradoc  Trevor 


78o 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


FrancisZacchia,^.  in  Rome  23rd  May,  1830; 
d.  June  8,  1835  ;  and  one  dau.  surviving, 
the  Hon.  Augusta  Charlotte  Elizabeth ; 
m.  Nov.  J2,  1846,  to  John  Arthur  Herbert, 
of  Llanarth,  Esq.  Vide  'Herbert  of  Llan- 
arth. 

Lord  Llanover  d.  at  his  house  in  Great 
Stanhope  Street,  London,  April  27,  1867, 
leaving  his  estates  to  his  widow,  Lady 
Llanover. 

Her  ladyship  is  known  throughout  Wales 
by  her  bardic  name  of  Gwmynen  Givent ; 
is  a  patroness  of  Welsh  literature,  and 
besides  several  published  productions,  has 
edited,  in  six  vols.,  the  Correspondence 
of  her  distinguished  relative,  Mary  Gran- 
ville,  Mrs.  Delany,  who  died  in  the  year 
1788. 

Residences:  Llanover  and  Abercarn,  Co.  of 
Monmouth,  South  Wales  ;  Town  House,  9,  Great 
Stanhope  Street,  May  Fair,  London. 

Arms:  Party  per  pale,  argent  and  or,  betw. 
three  talbots'  heads  erased  sa.,  two  and  one, 
their  necks  severally  encircled  with  a  mural 
crown  or,  a  chevron  sa.  charged  with  three 
hawks'  lures  proper.  In  chief,  a  canton  argent, 
charged  with  a  sinister  hand  erect,  couped  at 
the  wrist  gu.  On  an  escutcheon  of  pretence, 
argent,  between  three  fleurs-de-lis  azure,  two 
and  one,  a  fesse  sable,  charged  with  a  lion 
passant  guardant  or. 

Crest:  A  griffin's  head  or,  with  a  hawk's 
lure  proper  in  its  mouth,  and  a  palm  branch 
vert  behind.  Supporters:  Dexter,  a  dragon 
gules,  gorged  with  a  collar  or,  thereon  a  hawk's 
lure  sa.,  chained  gold  ;  sinister,  a  goat  argent, 
gorged  with  a  collar  vert,  thereon  a  hawk's  lure  of 
the  first,  chained  or. 

Motto:  "Ni  ddaw  Da  o  hir  arofyn," — No  good 
comes  of  long  intending. 


PEDIGREE  OF  LADY  LLANOVER. 

Rollo,  theconquerorof  Ncrmandy  (formerly  Neus- 
tria)  and  its  1st  duke,  m.,  after  his  conquest  of 
that  country,  Popeia,  dau.  of  the  Count  of  Senlis 
and  Valois,  whose  elder  brother  Herbert  (Count 
of  Vermandois)  is  the  ancestor  of  the  Herberts 
of  Llanarth  (see  pedigree).  This  was  a  mar.  more 
Danico,  but  afterwards,  having  professed  Chris- 
tianity, and  after  the  death  of  his  wife  Gisella, 
daughter  of  Charles  the  Simple,  he  m.  Popeia 
more  Christiana. 

By  Popeia  he  had  one  son  and  one  dau.  The 
son,  William,  became  his  successor  as  2nd  Duke 
of  Normandy,  and  is  usually  designated  William 
Longsword,  whose  first  wife  was  Espriota,  or 
Sprota,  by  whom  he  had  one  son,  Richard,  his 
successor. 

Richard,  3rd  Duke  of  Normandy,  m.,  1st,  Emma, 
dau.  of  Hugh,  Earl  of  Paris,  and  sister  of  Hugh 
Capet,  who  d.  s.  p. ;  2nd,  Gunnora,  sister  (or  dau. ) 
of  Herfast,  a  Danish  noble,  and  had  issue  three 
sons,  of  whom  the  third, 

Malger,  or  Mauger,  was  1st  Count  of  Corbeil. 
(His  eldest  brother  Richard  was  4th  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, and  was  father  of  Robert  le  Diable,  who 
succeeded  lib  brother  Richard  as  6th  Duke,  and 


was  himself  succeeded  by  his  illegitimate  son 
William,  7th  Duke,  who  became  the  Conqueror  of 
England. ) 

Malger's  son,  Hamon  Dentatus,  2nd  Count  of 
Corbeil,  Lord  of  Granville,  Thorigny,  Brely,  and 
Creuly,  m.  Hadwise  (or  Hadwina),  sister  to  the 
Emperor  Otho,  and  widow  of  Hugh  the  Great. 

The  name  of  Granville  has  been  variously  spelt 
in  former  times.  One  of  the  earliest  modes  was 
Granvyl,  or  Granvyld,  the  present  form  being  a 
corruption  of  the  ancient  Scandinavian  name. 

Their  son,  Richard,  was  called,  after  a  part  of 
his  patrimony,  Granvil  (probably  their  chief  resi- 
dence in  Normandy),  containing  the  town  of  that 
name,  over  the  gateway  of  which,  as  well  as  of  Caen, 
the  Granvil  arms  (the  three  horsemen's  rests)  still 
remain.  He  came  with  William  the  Conqueror  to 
England,  and  at  the  death  of  his  elder  brother, 
Robert  Fitzhamon,  became  Count  of  Corbeil,  in- 
herited all  his  Norman  titles  and  estates,  and 
the  lordship  of  Bideford,  and  also  founded  the 
abbey  of  Neath,  or,  properly,  Nedd,  in  Glamor- 
gan, in  consequence,  it  is  said,  of  a  dream, 
in  which  he  was  warned  to  restore  to  the  Cymry 
all  the  property  remaining  in  his  own  power,  of 
which  they  had  been  unjustly  dispossessed.  He 
returned  home,  and  tried  to  fulfil  the  injunction  ; 
with  the  residue  he  founded  the  abbey  of  Ntdd, 
the  ruins  of  which,  and  tesselated  pavement 
therein  found,  with  the  Granville  arms  (the  three 
horsemen's  rests),  still  exist.  Richard  of  Granville 
m.,  1st,  Isabel,  dau.  of  Walter  Giffard,  Earl  of 
Bucks  and  Longueville ;  and,  Meiven,  dau.  of 
Caradoc  ap  Arthen,  Lord  of  Glyn  Nedd,  and 
thereby  his  family  became  naturalized  as  Welsh. 

Richard  of  Granville,  eldest  son  of  the  above, 
by  his  first  wife,  Isabel,  m.  Gundrea,  or  Gundreda, 
and  had  issue  a  son,  Richard  de  Granville  (il.  circ. 
1217),  who  m.  Adeline,  widow  of  Hugh  Montfort, 
dau.  of  Thomas  Fitz-Nicholas,  of  Midclleton. 

Richard  de  Granville,  their  son  (d.  1248,  qy. 
1261  ?),  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  William  of  Trevint,  or 
Trewynt,  in  the  parish  of  Blisland,  in  Cornwall 
(where  they  had  great  possessions),  of  which 
house  nothing  but  the  Gothic  arch  now  remains. 

Bartholomew  de  Granville,  their  son  (d.  1325), 
m.  Amy,  dau.  of  Sir  Vyel  Vyvian,  of  Trevidren, 
co.  Cornwall.  His  brother  was  William  de 
Granville,  Abp.  of  York,  and  Lord  Chancellor 
of  England  (d.  1315). 

The  eldest  son  of  Bartholomew,  Henry  de  Gran- 
ville (d.  1327),  m.  Ann,  dau.  and  heiress  of  the 
family  of  Wortham. 

Sir  Theobald  de  Granville,  their  son,  m.  Joyce, 
dau.  of  Thomas  Beaumont,  Earl  of  Millent. 

Their  son,  Sir  Theobald  de  Granville,  m.  Mar- 
garet, dau.  of  Sir  Hugh  Courtenay,  of  Haccombe, 
by  Maud,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Beaumont,  of  Sher- 
well. 

William  de  Granville,  their  second  son,  m. 
Philippa,  dau.  of  William  Lord  Bonvil,  of  Chuton, 
as  his  second  wife.  Their  hatchment,  in  stucco, 
is  in  Kilkhampton  Church,  Cornwall,  which  was 
built  by  the  Granvilles. 

Their  son,  Sir  Thomas  Granville  (d.  1484),  m., 
as  his  second  wife,  Elizabeth,  sister  of  Sir  Theobald 
Georges.  Here  the  Norman-French  de  seems  to 
have  been  discontinued  by  this  illustrious  Danish, 
or  rather  Scandinavian  family. 

Sir  Thomas  Granville,  their  son,  was  Knight  of 
the  Bath  at  the  mar.  of  Prince  Arthur.  He  d. 
1513.  To  his  memory  a  magnificent  monument, 
with  his  effigy  in  armour,  still  stands  in  Bidtford 
Church.  lie  m.,  first,  Isabella,  dau.  of  Otho 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Gilbert,  of  Compton.  They  had  six  daus.  and 
two  sons.  The  eldest  son, 

Sir  Roger  Granville,  "the  great  housekeeper" 
(il.  1524),  m.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Richard  Whit- 
leigh,  of  Efford. 

Their  son,  Sir  Richard  Granville  (d.  March, 
1551,)  Marshal  of  Calais,  m.  Matilda,  dau.  and 
co-h.  of  John  Bevil,  of  Gwarnoc,  in  Cornwall  (d. 
April,  1551). 

Their  second  son  (the  eldest,  John,  having  died 
young),  Sir  Roger  Granville,  m.  Thomasin,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Cole,  of  Slade,  Devon.  He  was 
drowned  in  his  father's  lifetime,  on  board  the  Mary 
Kose,  which  ship  went  down  with  700  men  before 
the  eyes  of  King  Henry  VIII.,  1545,  and  left,  with 
other  issue, 

A  son,  Sir  Richard  Granville,  vice-admiral,  who 
was  killed  in  an  action  at  sea,  at  Terceira,  Aug., 
1591.  His  wife  was  Mary,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Sir 
John  St.  Leger,  of  Annery  (d.  1623). 

Sir  Bernard  Granville,  their  son,  who  if.  June 
1  6th,  1636,  m.  Elizabeth,  only  dau.  and  h.  of 
Philip  Bevil,  of  Bryn  and  Killygarth,  co.  Corn- 
wall. 

Their  son,  Sir  Bevil  Granville,  bapt.  March  25, 
1595'  was  slain  at  Lansdown  fight,  July  5,  1643, 
and  buried  in  a  vault  at  Kilkhampton  Church, 
July  26.  His  younger  brother,  Sir  Richard  Gran- 
ville, the  "king's  general  in  the  west,"  was  a 
Knight  Banneret  (d.  at  Ghent,  1658).  Sir  Bevil 
Granville  m.  Grace,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Sir  George 
Smythe,  of  Matford  (Maydford)  par.  of  Heavitree, 
nr.  Exeter.  They  had  a  family  of  thirteen  children, 
and  from  them  have  descended  in  the  female  line 
the  Earls  Granville  and  Spencer  of  the  present  time 


Their  son,  Bernard,  messenger  to  Charles  II. 
from  the  Duke  of  Albemarle,  groom  of  the  bed- 
chamber at  the  Restoration,  of.  I4th  June,  1701,  and 
was  buried  in  Lambeth  Church,  where  a  fine  monu- 
ment exists  out  of  sight,  and  partly  dismantled. 
He  m.  Anne,  only  dau.  and  heiress  of  the  Hon. 
Cuthbert  Morley,  of  Haunby,  in  Cleveland. 

Sir  Bevil  Granville,  their  eldest  son,  knighted 
by  James  II.,  1686,  was  governor  of  Barbadoes, 
and  d.  s.  p.,  Sept  15,  1706.  The  second  son, 
George,  was  created  Baron  Lansdown  of  Bideford, 
1711,  Sec.  of  War  and  Compt.  of  Household  to 
Queen  Anne  (d.  1735).  Bernard,  their  third  son, 
Lieut.-Gov.  of  Hull,  M.P.  for  Camelford  and 
Fowey,  d.  Dec.  8,  1723.  He  m.  Mary,  dau.  of 
Sir  Martin  West  comb,  Bart.  d.  1747. 

Their  eldest  son,  Bernard,  of  Calwich  Abbey,  h. 
at  law  to  his  uncle,  George  Granville,  Lord  Lans- 
down, was  the  last  of  the  male  line  of  Granville, 
d.  s.  p.,  1775.  The  admired  and  revered  Mary 
Granville  was  their  eldest  dau.  She  /«.,  first, 
Alexander  Pendarves,  of  Roscrow,  Cornwall  ; 
second,  Patrick  Delany,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Down, 
d.  s.  p.,  1788.  See  the  Life  and  Correspondence 
of  Mary  Granville,  Mrs.  Delany,  by  the  Right. 
Hon.  Lady  Llanover. 

Their  other  and  youngest  dau.,  Ann,  b.  1707, 
d.  1761,  m.,  1740,  John  D'Ewes,  of  Welsbourn, 
Esquire,  co.  Warwick,  second  son  of  Court 
D'Ewes,  Esq.,  of  Maplebury,  in  the  same  co. 
The  D'Ewes  family  were  long  established  in 
Warwickshire,  and  first  came  to  England  from 
Kessel,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  Their  first  known 
ancestor,  Geerardt  D'Ewes,  was  lord  of  Kessel, 
duchy  of  Guelderland  fire.  1400,  and  m.  Ann,  only 
dau.  and  h.  of  the  Prince  or  Count  of  Horn. 

From  this  mar.  of  John  d'Ewes,  Esq.,  and  Ann 
Granville  (with  three  sons),  there  was  an  only 


dau.,  Mary,  who  m.  John  Port,  Esq.,  of  Ham, 
whose  former  name  was  Sparrow,  but  who  took 
the  name  of  Port  on  becoming  heir  to  that 
ancient  property.  (The  Sparrows  were  originally 
Welsh,  of  Allt  yr  Ynys,  in  North  Wales,  see 
Angl.  Sheriffs,  1689,  &c.)  Born  Feb.  22nd,  1746,  d. 
1814,  leaving  issue  Georgina  Mary  Ann,  and  others. 

Georgina  Mary  Ann  m.  Benjamin  Waddington, 
of  Llanover,  Esq.,  and  had  two  surviving  daus., 
co-heiresses,  Frances  and  Augusta. 

[The  family  of  Waddington  is  of  very  ancient 
origin.  Walter  de  Waddington  was  Lord  of 
Waddington,  and  had  a  daughter  and  heiress,  who 
married  in  the  1 3th  century  (temp.  Edward  I.) 
Sir  Roger  Tempest,  knight,  of  Bracewell.  The 
town  of  Waddington  is  in  Lincolnshire.  In  the 
l8th  century  there  are  records  of  intermarriages 
with  the  families  of  Beckwith  of  Aldborough, 
Tyrwhitt  of  Stainfield,  and  Cradock  of  Hartforth, 
co.  York,  and  in  1740  the  Rev.  Joshua  Wadding- 
ton, Vicar  of  Harworth  and  Walkeringham,  co.  of 
Notts,  married  Ann,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Ferrand,  Vicar  of  Bingley.  Ann  Ferrand  was 
ultimately  heiress  to  the  property  of  her  family 
of  Towes  in  Lincolnshire,  which  devolved  through 
her  to  their  son  Thomas.  Their  son  Benjamin 
was  of  Llanover,  as  above.  ] 

Frances  m.  Christian  Carl  Josias,  the  late  Baron 
von  Bunsen,  for  twenty  years  minister  plenipoten- 
tiary from  Prussia  to  Rome,  and  afterwards  minister 
plenipotentiary  for  many  years  to  the  Court  of  St. 
James's. 

AUGUSTA  (now  Lady  Llanover)  m.,  Dec.  4, 
1823,  Benjamin,  the  late  Baron  Llanover,  of  Llan- 
over and  Abercarn,  South  Wales,  and  has  surviving 
issue  the  Hon.  Aug.  Charlotte  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
John  Arthur  Herbert  of  Llanarth,  Tre-Owain,and 
Penllwyn,  Esquire.  See  Herbert  of  Llanarth. 


Note. — The  mansion  in  which  Lady  Llanover  resides 
(see  engraving,  p.  716)  is  a  fine  specimen  of  Tudor 
architecture,  and  possesses  one  of  the  most  perfect 
halls  in  the  kingdom  for  beauty  of  design.  The  building 
was  commenced  by  the  late  Lord  Llanover  in  1828, 
from  designs  by  Hopper,  and  occupied  eleven  years  in 
completion.  There  are  two  other  residences  on  the 
Llanover  estate,  one  of  which  is  within  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  of  the  last  mentioned  (the  grounds  and  gardens 
of  both  being  united),  and  was  the  birthplace  of 
Lady  Llanover,  and  the  residence  of  her  father,  Benj. 
Waddington,  Esq.,  who  became  its  possessor  in  the 
last  century.  The  house  and  grounds  are  well  kept 
up  in  every  respect.  This  house  is  very  ancient  in 
part,  but  was  enlarged  and  modernized  by  the  above- 
named  gentleman. 

The  third  mansion  in  the  park  of  Llanover  is 
very  ancienl,  the  precise  date  unknown.  It  is  now 
occupied  as  a  farmhouse,  but  still  possesses  a  handsome 
and  spacious  panelled  room,  with  an  old  oak  stair- 
case, two  picturesque  porches,  and  clustered  chimneys ; 
and  there  are  the  remains  of  buildings  and  founda- 
tions to  a  very  considerable  extent.  This  ancient 
edifice  and  contiguous  land  belonged  in  the  time  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  to  the  family  of  Ab  Risiart,  in  later 
years  commonly  called  "  Prichard,"  of  whom  Matthew 
and  William  were  buried  in  the  ancient  church  of  Llan- 
over. The  old  name  of  the  last-mentioned  residence 
is  Forth  Hir,  the  meaning  of  which  referred  to  a  fine 
gateway  and  covered  passage  leading  from  one 
entrance  to  the  other,  large  enough  ior  carriages 
to  drive  under,  but  no  longer  existing.  It  is  now 
commonly  known  as  the  "Cwrt,"  and  recorded  in 
old  documents  as  Cwrt  y  Porth  Hir,  probably  in  con- 


782 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


sequence  of  the  court  leets  of  the  manor  having  been 
held  there. 

The  church  of  I.lanover  is  one  of  the  most 
ancient  in  South  Wales,  and  when  under  restora- 
tion by  the  late  Lord  Llanover,  the  masonry  of 
some  of  the  old  walls  was  remarked  as  being  exactly 
similar  to  that  of  the  ruins  at  Neath  Abbey.  The 
word  "Llanover,"  by  which  the  church  and  two 
of  the  mansions  are  known,  means  the  consecrated 
spot  or  church  of  Cover,  who  with  Henwg  and 
Gwarreg  were  the  three  primitive  saints  of  Gwent. 
Cover  is  believed  to  have  been  buried  under  a  pon- 
derous tombstone,  on  which  is  carved  an  ancient 
British  cross,  laid  in  the  doorway  of  the  church  of  his 
name  within  the  front  porch.  There  is  also  a  very 
ancient  font  of  stone,  the .  tracery  on  the  outside  of 
which  has  been  considered  to  be  of  the  Druidic  period, 
as  well  as  the  stones  which  form  the  remains  of  the 
ancient  cross  in  the  churchyard.  The  churchyard  also 
contains  a  very  beautiful  tomb  in  stone,  to  the  memory 
of  the  late  Lord  Llanover,  designed  by  his  own  direc- 
tion during  life,  and  also  modelled  by  Mr.  W.  Meredyth 
Thomas,  brother  of  Mr.  Evan  Thomas,  the  well- 
known  Welsh  sculptor,  and  executed  on  the  spot 
by  Mr.  W.  M.  Thomas,  and  by  native  workmen  under 
his  personal  direction. 

Among  the  objects  worthy  of  special  notice  in  the 
grounds  at  Llanover  is  the  Ffynnon  Over,  or  the 
Well  of  Cover,  and  its  eight  surrounding  wells,  all 
flowing  different  ways,  but  uniting  in  a  bath.  Nu- 
merous fine  specimens  of  timber  and  rare  trees  and 
shrubs  abound  in  the  grounds  at  Llanover,  among 
which  is  a  Chichester  elm  near  the  lake  in  the  gardens, 
planted  by  the  late  Lord  Llanover,  about  thirty-eight 
years  ago,  and  considered  a  marvel  of  rapid  growth, 
having  already  reached  a  height  of  seventy-nine  feet 
and  measuring  at  six  feet  from  the  ground  twelve 
feet  in  girth,  and  a  rhododendron  planted  by  the 
mother  of  Lady  Llanover  about  seventy  years  ago, 
which  is  now  (1871)  more  than  one  hundred  yards  in 
circumference,  the  plant  consisting  of  one  single 
centre  stem.  With  regard  to  the  elm  above  named,  and 
the  rhododendron,  the  late  well-known  authority,  Sir 
William  Hooker,  who  visited  Llanover,  said  that  the 
former  was  the  most  extraordinary  instance  of  rapid 
growth  he  had  ever  seen  in  Great  Britain,  and  that 
the  rhododendron  was,  as  far  as  his  knowledge  went, 
"  the  largest  in  the  world." 

The  mansion  at  Abercarn  is  situated  in  the  midst 
of  that  extensive  property,  in  the  parish  of 
Mynyddishvyn,  and  is  also  a  very  old  and  capacious 
house,  but  was  partially  modernized  and  reduced 
in  size  many  years  ago.  It  was  a  favourite 
residence  of  the  late  Lord  Llanover,  and  of  his  father, 
who,  however,  principally  lived  at  Hensol  Castle  in 
Glamorgan,  which  county  he  represented  till  the 
time  of  his  death,  and  where  the  late  Lord  had  con- 
siderable property  at  Pont  y  Pridd. 


MACKWORTH,  Sir  Arthur  William,  Bart.,  of 
Glenusfc,  Monmouthshire. 

Creation  1776.  Is  6th  Baronet;  Adj.  in 
Royal  Engineers ;  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Digby  Francis  Mackworth,  5th  Bart.  (d. 
1857)  of  Glenusk,  by  his  wife,  Mathilde 
Eleanor  Eliza,  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Peddie, 
K.H. ;  b.  1842;  s.  1857;  m.,  1865,  Alice 
Kate,  dau.  of  Joseph  Cubitt,  Esq.,  and 
has  issue. 


Heir:  His  son,  DIGBY,  b.  1868. 

Residence:  Glenusk,  near  Caerleon. 

Tffivn  Address  :  Junior  United  Service  Club. 

Arms:  Per  pale  indented  sa.  and  ermine,  on 
a  chevron  gu.  five  crosses  pattees  or  (formerly 
quartered  Evans). 

Crest :  A  cock  ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

For  the  lineage  and  history  of  this  family  in 
Wales,  see  Evans  and  Mackworth,  of  Gnoll  Ctislle, 
co.  of  Glamorgan. 


MeDONNELL,  Francis,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Newydd, 
Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ;  Major  in 
the  Royal  Monmouth  Militia ;  was  formerly 
in  the  7ist  Highlanders.  (Further  infor- 
mation not  received.) 


MITCHELL,  Frank  Johnstone,  Esq.,  of  Llan- 
frechfa  Qrange,  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth ;  Sheriff  for 
the  same  co.  1868;  son  of  F.  H.  Mitchell, 
Esq.,  of  London;  l>.  1824;  ;;/.,  1860, 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  J.  E.  W.  Rollo,  Esq.,  of 
Hendre,  co.  of  Mon.,  and  has  issue. 

Residence:  Llanfrechfa  Grange,  near  Newport. 
Arms:    Sa.,    a    chevron    between    three    es- 
callops or. 


MOR&AN,  Hon.  Charles  Octavius  Swinnerton, 
of  The  Friars,  Monmouthshire. 

M.P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  since  1841 
(see  Parl.  Annals,  p.  767,  ante) ;  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  the  same  co.  ;  F.R.S.,  F.S.A., 
V.P.S.A. ;  fourth  son  of  the  late  Sir  Charles 
Morgan,  Bart.,  of  Tredegar  Park,  and 
brother  of  the  present  Lord  Tredegar  (see 
Tredegar,  Baroii) ;  b.  1803;  ed.  at  West- 
minster School  and  Christ  Church,  Oxford  ; 
grad.  B.A.  1825,  M.A.  1832  ;  is  author  of 
numerous  memoirs  on  antiquarian  and 
scientific  subjects  in  journals  of  learned 
societies. 

Residence ;  The  Friars,  Newport,  Mon. 
Ttnan  Address :  10,  Charles  Street,  St.  James's. 
Clubs :  Carlton  ;  United  University. 
Arms :  For  Arms  and  Lineage,  see  Tredegar, 
Baron,  of  Tredegar  Park. 


PROTHERO,  Mrs.  Georgiana  Mary,  of  Malpas 
Court,  Monmouthshire. 

Is  widow  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Prothero, 
M.A.,  Chaplain  in  ordinary  to  the  Queen ; 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


783 


J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Prothero, 
Esq.,  J.  P.  of  Malpas  Court,  by  his  wife 
May  Collins,  of  Ingatestone,  Herefordshire. 
The  late  Mr.  Prothero  was  b.  August  j  7, 
1811  ;  ed.  at  the  Charterhouse  and  at 
Brasenose  Coll.,  Oxford  ;  grad.  B.A.  1834, 
M.A.  1837.  Mrs.  Prothero,  who  is  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  Math.  Marsh,  M.  A.,  Canon 
of  the  Cathedral,  and  Chancellor  of  the 
Diocese  of  Salisbury,  was  m.  1837,  and 
had  issue  3  sons  and  i  dau.  Mr.  Prothero 
d.  June  n,  1870,  leaving  his  estates  to  his 
widow  for  her  life. 

/far:  Francis  Thomas  Egerton  Prothero,  b. 
1837  ;  ed.  at  Eton,  and  Bras.  Coll.,  Oxford  ;  m., 
August,  1864,  Mary,  only  dau.  of  Rev.  Francis 
Lewis,  of  St.  Pierre,  Monmouthshire,  and  has 
issue  2  sons  and  2  daus.  ;  heir,  Freke,  b.  July, 
1868  ;  residence,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

Residence:  Malpas  Court,  Newport,  Mon. 

Arms :  Argent,  a  chevron  between  3  ravens  sa. 

Crest:  A  raven  sa. 

Motto :  Deus  pascit  corvos. 

Note. — This  family  has  intermarried  with  the 
Douglasses  (Earls  of  Merton),  Macdonalds  of  Gordon 
Island,  Money  Kyrles  of  Herefordshire,  Winningtons 
of  Stanford  Court,  Worcestershire,  &c. 

Malpas  Court  (see  engraving,  p.  721)  is  a  stone 
gabled  mansion,  erected  in  1836,  from  designs  by 
T.  Wyatt,  Esq.,  architect.  The  situation  is  com- 
manding, and  the  extensive  grounds  are  tastefully 
planted  and  laid  out. 


EA&LAN,  Richard  Henry  Fitzroy  Somerset, 
Baron  of  Cefn-tilla,  Monmouthshire. 

Creation  1852.  and  Baron  Raglan  of 
Raglan  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Monmouth  ;  Capt.  of  Royal  Gloucester- 
shire Yeomanry  Hussars ;  was  Lord  in 
Waiting  to  the  Queen  ;  second  but  only 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Field-marshal, 
ist  Lord  Raglan,  son  of  the  5th  Duke  of 
Beaufort,  Commander  of  the  English  army  in 
the  Crimea,  where  he  died  28th  June,  1855, 
by  Lady  Emily  Harriet  Wellesley,  dau.  of 
the  Earl  of  Mornington  ;  It.  1817  ;  s.  1855  ; 
HI.,  1856,  Lady  Georgiana  Lygon,  3rd  and 
only  surviving  dau.  of  Henry,  4th  Earl 
Beauchamp,  and  has  issue  4  sons : — 

1.  GEORGE  FITZROY   HENRY,  b.   1857, 
page  of  honour  to  the  Queen. 

2.  Arthur  Charles  Edward,  b.  1859. 

3.  Granville  William  Richard,  b.  1862. 

4.  Richard  Fitzroy,  b.  1865. 

Residence:  Cefn-tilla,  near  Usk. 
Town  Address :  Carlton  Club. 
Arms:    The   arms    of   France   and    England 
quarterly  (see  Beaufort,  Duke  of). 


LINEAGE. 

The  lineage  of  Lord  Raglan  is  that  of  the  noble 
and  ancient  house  of  Somerset.  See  Beaufort, 
Duke  of,  Troy  House  and  Badminton. 


RODNEY,  The  Hon.  William  Powell,  of  Llan- 
viliangel  Court,  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Monmouth 
(High  Sheriff  1860),  and  a  Magistrate  for 
co.  Hereford ;  entered  the  Civil  Service 
of  the  East  India  Company  in  181 1  on  the 
Bengal  establishment,  and  on  his  return  to 
England  was  appointed  Secretary  to  the 
Comptrollers  of  Army  Accounts,  which 
situation  he  held  until  1835  on  the  amal- 
gamation of  that  department  with  the  Audit 
Office ;  son  of  George,  second  Lord  Rodney, 
by  Anne,  dau.  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Thomas 
Harley  (son  of  Edward,  third  Earl  of 
Oxford  and  Mortimer) ;  b.  in  the  parish  of 
St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  1794;  ed. 
at  Eton,  and  Haileybury  College ;  m., 
1824,  Eliza  Ann,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Brown,  Esq.,  Member  of  the 
Supreme  Council  in  India,  and  had,  with 
other  issue,  an  only  son, — 

William  Powell,  b.  1829 ;  m.,  1856, 
Diana  Hotham,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Sir 
J.  W.  Lubbock,  Bart.,  and  d.  1868,  leaving 
with  other  issue  a  son, — 

Harley,  £.  1858. 

Residence:  Llanvihangel  Court,  near  Aberga- 
venny. 

Arms :  The  arms  of  the  noble  house  of  Rodney 
are — Or,  three  eagles,  wings  inverted  and  dis- 
played, purpure. 

Crest :  On  a  ducal  coronet,  an  eagle,  as  in  the 
arms. 

LINEAGE. 

For   the   genealogy   of  this   family,   tee   in  the 
Peerages  Baron  Rodney  of  Berrington. 

Notes.- — Llanfihangel  Court  is  considered  to  be  one 
of  the  oldest  mansions  in  the  co.  of  Monmouth.  It  is 
uncertain  when  the  original  building  was  erected,  but  the 
south-eastern  front  is  known  to  have  been  rebuilt  in 
the  year  1559  by  Rhys  Morgan,  the  then  proprietor 
of  the  estate,  who  in  1576  sold  the  property  to  Nicholas 
Arnold,  the  proprietor  of  Llanthony  Abbey  and  its 
dependencies,  who  held  the  same  under  grant  from 
Henry  VIII. 

The  property  remained  in  the  Arnold  family  till  the 
year  1726,  when  it,  together  with  that  of  Llanthony, 
was  sold  to  the  Hon.  Edward  Harley,  Auditor  of 
Impost  to  Queen  Anne,  brother  to  Robert,  first  Earl 
of  Oxford  and  Mortimer  (maternal  ancestor  of  the 
Hon.  W.  P.  Rodney,  the  present  owner).  The  Hon. 
Edward  Harley  was  the  second  son  of  Sir  Edward 
Harley,  K.B.,  of  Brampton  Brian,  co.  of  Hereford  ; 
he  in.  Sarah,  third  dau.  of  Thomas  Foley,  Esq.,  of 
Whitley,  by  whom  he  had  Edward,  third  Earl  of 


784 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


Oxford  and  Mortimer,  and  two  other  sons,  and  one 
dau.,  who  m.  the  Hon.  J.  Verney  (Master  of  the 
Rolls,  father  of  the  thirteenth  Lord  Willoughby  de 
Broke).  He  represented  the  borough  of  Leominstcr 
for  thirty  years.  His  skill  in  the  law,  great  application 
to  business,  extensive  knowledge,  and  unbiassed  ad- 
herence to  the  constitution,  were  universally  acknow- 
ledged. He  purchased  Llanvihangel  Court  and  Llan- 
thony  Abbey  of  Nicholas  Arnold,  Esq.,  and  other 
property  in  Monmouthshire  and  Herefordshire. 

The  chief  features  of  Llanvihangel  Court  are  the 
avenues,  one  consisting  of  Spanish  chestnuts,  and  the 
other  of  Scotch  fir.  The  chestnut  avenue  is  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  in  length  ;  the  trees  average  twenty 
feet  in  circumference ;  the  largest  measures  twenty-nine 
feet  in  circumference  at  six  feet  from  the  base.  The 
fir  avenue  is  about  half  a  mile  in  length,  and  the  trees 
average  twelve  feet  ;  the  largest  measures  seventeen 
and  a  half  feet  in  circumference. 

The  Holy  or  Skyrrid  Mountain  (see  p.  719)  is  a 
great  feature  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  forms  a 
portion  of  the  Llanvihangel  property.  It  rises  1,498 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  From  a  distance  it 
presents  a  strange  and  wild  appearance,  which  is 
rendered  the  more  striking  by  the  immense  fissure  in 
the  mountain's  side,  splitting  it,  as  it  were,  into  two 
parts,  caused  by  a  landslip,  favoured  by  the  inclination 
of  the  strata  and  slipperiness  of  the  intervening  clay. 
To  a  geologist  there  is  little  mystery  though  much  of 
grandeur  in  the  phenomenon ;  but  an  old  legend 
declares  that  it  occurred  at  the  time  of  the  crucifixion 
of  our  Saviour,  when  the  "rocks  were  rent."  On  the 
top  of  the  "  Holy  Mountain"  (as  it  is  called  by  some) 
may  be  plainly  traced  the  site  of  a  chapel,  which  was 
dedicated  to  St.  Michael.  It  has  long  been  a  practice 
with  Roman  Catholics  to  repair  thither  on  Michaelmas 
Eve  for  devotional  purposes.  The  earth  is  still  by 
some  persons  of  that  persuasion  considered  sacred, 
and  is  placed  in  the  coffins  and  thrown  into  the  graves 
of  the  deceased. 

The  distance  from  the  mansion-house  of  Llanvi- 
hangel to  the  top  of  the  mountain  is  one  mile  and 
three  quarters. 

Llanthony  Abbey,  though  at  one  time  part  of  the 
property  of  the  Harley  family,  never  came  into  the 
possession  of  the  Hon.  W.  P.  Rodney,  but  was  sold 
in  1802  by  Edward,  fourth  Earl  of  Oxford  and  Mor- 
timer, to  the  late  Sir  Mark  Wood,  Bart.,  who  after- 
wards sold  it  to  the  late  Walter  Savage  Landor,  Esq., 
the  poet,  and  is  now  the  property  of  his  heir. 


ROLLS,  John  Allan,  Esq.,  of  The  Eendre,  Mon- 
mouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  I*  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
F.S.A.  ;  Captain  Royal  Gloucestershire 
Hussars ;  is  Patron  of  Llangattock-Vibon- 
Avel,  and  St.  Maughan's,  Mon. ;  son  of 
John  Etherington-Welch  Rolls,  Esq.,  of 
The  Hendre,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co. 
of  Mon.  (see  Lineage  below) ;  b.  at  The 
Hendre,  igth  Feb.,  1837;  ed.  at  Eton  and 
Christ  Church,  Oxford ;  »/.,  2oth  Oct., 
1868,  Georgiana  Marcia,  dau.  of  Sir  Charles 
Maclean,  Bart.,  of  Morvaren,  N.B.,  and 
has  issue  a  son,  s.  to  estates  in  May, 
1870,— 
JOHN  MACLEAN,  b.  zsth  April,  1870. 


/far  :  John  Maclean  Rolls. 

Kcsidence  :  The  Hendre,  near  Monmouth. 

Arms :  Or,  on  a  fesse  dancettee,  with  plain 
cotises,  between  three  billets  sa.,  each  charged 
with  a  lion  rampant  of  the  field,  as  many  be- 
zants. 

Crest:  Out  of  a  wreath  of  oak,  a  dexter  cubit 
arm,  vested  or,  cuff  sa.,  the  arm  charged  with  a 
fesse  dancette,  double  cotised  of  the  2nd, 
charged  with  three  bezants,  in  the  hand,  ppr.,  a 
roll  of  parchment  arg. 

Motto:  Celeritas  et  veritas. 


LINEAGE. 

The  original  Hendre  estate  belonged  to  the 
Allen  family.  Mr.  Henry  Allen,  b.  1691,  d,  1767, 
to  whose  memory  a  monument  is  erected  in  the 
chancel  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Monmouth,  devised 
it  by  his  will  to  his  nieces,  the  Misses  Elizabeth  and 
Sarah  Coysh,  the  latter  of  whom  was  married  to 
John  Rolls,  Esq.,  of  The  Grange,  Bermonds.ey,  on 
the  20th  of  October,  1767. 

John  Rolls,  Esq.,  of  The  Grange,  co.  Surrey, 
J.  P.,  b.  1735,  High  Sheriff  of  Monmouthshire 
1794,  /«.,  2ist  Oct.,  1767,  Sarah,  second  dau.  of 
Thomas  Coysh.  Esq,,  and  by  her  had  issue.  He 
d.  8th  Sept.,  1801,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  only 
surviving  son, — 

John  Rolls,  Esq.,  of  Bryanston  Square,  London, 
of  The  Grange,  Surrey,  and  of  The  Hendre,  co. 
Monmouth,  J.  P.,  b.  2Oth  Oct.,  1776,  m.,  271)1 
Jan.,  1803,  Martha,  only  dau.  and  heiress  of  Jacob 
Barnett,  Esq.,  and  by  her  had  issue — 

1.  John  Ktherington-Welch,  of  The  Hendre,  of 
whom  presently. 

2.  Alexander,  of  Croft-y-Bwla,  co.  Monmouth, 
J.  P.,  D.  L.,  b.  l8th  July,  1818.   (See  further  Rolls 
of  CroJt-y-Bwla. ) 

3.  Martha-Sarah,  m.,   1st  Aug.,  1840,  to  Major 
Macreacly,  late  3oth  Regiment ;  he  d.  1848. 

4.  Jessy,  m.,  241)1  June,  1833,  to  George  Simon 
Harcourt,  Esq.,  M.P.,  of  Ankerwycke  House,  co. 
Bucks,  and  had  issue  ;  she  d.  in  Paris,  1842. 

5.  Louisa  Elizabeth,    m.,    I2th  July,    1830,   to 
John  Francis,  eldest  son  of  William  Vaughan,  Esq  , 
of  Courtfield,   co.   Hereford,   and  had  issue  ;  she 
d.  1853. 

Mr.  Rolls  d,  1837,  and  was  s.  by  his  eldest 
son, — 

John  Etherington- Welch  Rolls,  Esq.,  of  The 
Hendre,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.,  High  Sheriff  1842,  b. 
4th  May,  1807,  m.,  26th  Feb.,  1833,  Elizabeth 
Mary,  third  dau.  of  Walter  Long,  Esq. ,  of  Preshaw 
House,  co.  Hants,  by  the  Lady  Mary,  his  wife, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Earl  of  Northesk,  and  had 
issue — 

1.  JOHN  ALLAN  ROLLS,  Esq.,  his  only  son,  now 
of  The  Hendre  (as  above),  by  whom  at  his  decease, 
27th  May,  1870,  he  was  succeeded. 

2.  Elizabeth  Harcourt,   m.,   igth  Jan,   1860,  to 
Frank  Johnstone   Mitchell,    Esq.,    of  Llanfrechfa 
Grange,  co.  Monmouth,  eldest  son  of  Francis  H. 
Mitchell,  Esq.,  of  12,  Upper  Wimpole  Street,  and 
has  issue. 

3.  Patty,  /«.,  25th  June,  1857,  to  the  Rev.  J.  T. 
Harding,  of  Pentwyn,  co.  Monmouth,  eldest  son  of 
the   late  John    Harding,    Esq.,  of  Henbury,    co. 
Somerset,  and  has  issue. 

4.  Mary  Octavia. 

5.  Anne  Katherine,    m.,    24th   Jan.,    1861,    to 
Cornwallis  Wykeham  Martin,    Lieutenant   R.N., 
third   son  of  Charles  Wykeham  Martin,  Esq.,  of 
Leeds  Castle,  Kent,  and  has  issue. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


785 


6.  Georgina  Emily,  m.,  Oct.,   1866,  to  Thomas 
William  Chester  Master,  Esq.,  eldest  son  of  T.  W. 
C.  Master,  Esq.,  of  The  Abbey,  Cirencester,  and 
Knole  Park,  Almondsbury,  and  has  issue. 

7.  Ellen,  m.,  Nov.,  1865,  to  the  Rev.  Richard 
Shard  Gubbins,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Lieut. -Col. 
Gubbins,  C.  B.,  and  has  issue. 

Note. — The  Hetulre  (see  engravings,  p.  )  was 
originally  built  as  a  shooting-lodge,  about  1828,  by 
the  grandfather  of  the  present  proprietor.  It  was 
subsequently  considerably  enlarged  by  the  late  Mr. 
John  E.  W.  Rolls  ;  a  large  open-roofed  hall  was  added 
on  the  entrance  front,  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  T.  H. 
Wyatt,  communicating  with  the  drawing-room  and 
conservatory.  The  present  owner,  Mr.  John  Allan 
Rolls,  has  also  made  some  extensive  alterations  and 
additions  to  the  house,  including  new  dining-room, 
billiard-room,  &c.,  and  has  entirely  rebuilt  the  stables 
on  an  enlarged  scale.  These  works  are  also  from  the 
designs  of  Mr.  T.  H.  Wyatt,  and  form  three  sides  of 
an  extensive  and  picturesque  quadrangle,  harmonizing 
in  style  and  date  with  the  open-roofed  hall. 


ROLLS,  Major  Alexander,  of  Croft-y-bwla, 
Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
formerly  of  the  4th  Regiment  of  Irish 
Dragoon  Guards ;  and  son  of  the  late 
John  Rolls,  Esq.,  J.  P.  of  the  Hendre,  co. 
Monmouth,  and  of  the  Grange,  Surrey,  by 
his  wife,  Martha,  only  dau.  and  h.  of  the 
late  Jacob  Barnet,  Esq. ;  b.  i8th  July,  1818  ; 
m.,  i8th  May,  1839,  Kate,  jrd  dau.  of  the 
late  Ambrose  Steward,  Esq.,  of  Stoke  Park, 
Suffolk. 

Residence:  Croft-y-bwla,  near  Monmouth. 
Arms :  For  arms  and  lineage,  see  Rolls  of  the 
Hendre. 


TREDEG-AR,  Charles  Morgan  EoMnson  Morgan, 
Baron,  of  Tredegar  Park,  Monmouth- 
shire. 

Creations  :  Baron  Tredegar  1859  ;  baronet 
1792.  Is  ist  Baron  Tredegar  and  a  baro- 
net ;  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Brecknockshire  ; 
J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  cos.  of  Monmouth 
and  Brecknock ;  High  Sheriff  of  co.  of 
Monmouth  1821,  for  co.  of  Brecknock 
1850;  was  M.P.  for  Brecon  1830-2,  and 
'835-7  5  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sir  Charles 
Gould  Morgan,  3rd  Bart,  of  Tredegar  (see 
Lineage);  b.  1793;  ed.  at  Chr.  Ch., 
Oxford;  m.,  1827,  Rosamond,  dau.  of 
General  Godfrey  Mundy,  and  has  issue 
surviving — 

1.  GODFREY  CHARLES,   M.P.,   b.    1830 
(see   Morgan   of  Ruperra    Castle,    Glam., 
aiid  Tredegar  Park). 

2.  Frederic    Courtenay,  b.    1835;     m. 
1858,  and  has  issue. 


3.  Arthur  John,  b.  1840. 

4.  George  Gould,  b.  1845. 

5.  Rosamond  Marion,  ;//.,  1848,  N.  H. 
Marsham  Style,  Esq.,  of  Bicester  House, 
Oxfordshire. 

6.  Selina  Maria,  m.,  1854,  D.  Robertson 
Williamson,  Esq. 

7.  Fanny  Henrietta,  ;«.,  1854,  Sir  Geo. 
F.  R.  Walker,  Bart. 

8.  Ellen  Sarah,  m.,  1856,  Capt.  H.  Gore 
Lindsay. 

9.  Georgiana  Charlotte,  m.,  1857,  Lord 
Francis  N.  Conyngham. 

10.  Mary  Anna,  b.  1843;  m.,  1863,  the 
Lord  Viscount  Hereford.     (See  Hereford, 
Viscount,  of  Tregoyd.) 

Residences  :  Tredegar  Park,  near  Newport ; 
Ruperra  Castle,  near  Cardiff. 

Town  House:  39,  Portman  Square. 

Anns  :  Quarterly :  1st  and  4th,  or,  a  griffin 
segreant  sa. — MORGAN  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  or,  on  a 
chevron  between  three  roses  az.  as  many  thistles 
slipped  of  the  field—  GOULD. 

Crest :  A  reindeer's  head  couped  or  attired  gu. 

Supporters  :  Dexter,  a  lion  sa.  charged  on  the 
shoulder  with  a  thistle  slipped  or ;  sinister,  a 
griffin  sa.  charged  in  same  manner. 


LINEAGE. 

The  descent  of  this  noble  family  is  from  a  junction 
of  the  ancient  Welsh  house  of  MORGAN,  of  Machen, 
Tredegar,  Pencoed,  and  Ruperra,  with  the  family 
of  Gould.  The  Morgans  have  been  prominent  in 
Monmouthshire,  Glamorganshire,  and  Carmarthen- 
shire since  the  time  of  the  Tudors,  and  derived  their 
lineage  paternally  from  Cadivor  f'awr,  Lord  of 
Cilsant,  through  Llewelyn  ap  Ivor,  Lord  of  St. 
Clears  and  Gwynfe,  Carmarthenshire,  and  mater- 
nally from  his  wife,  Angharad,  dau.  of  Morgan 
Meredith,  Lord  of  Tredegar.  Llewelyn  ap  Ivor 
was  succeeded  in  the  second  generation  by — 

Llewelyn  ap  Morgan,  and  he  in  the  second  gene- 
ration by — 

Sir  John  Morgan,  Kt.,  of  Tredegar  who  m. 
Janet,  dau.  of  John  David  Mathew,  of  Radir,  co. 
of  Glam.  (See  Alathnv  of  Radir. ) 

For  several  generations  they  intermarried  with 
the  Vaughans,  the  Stradlings,  the  Herberts,  the 
Somersets,  &c.,  until  the  line  of  Morgan  ended  in 
an  heiress,  Jane  Morgan,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas 
Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Ruperra,  and  niece  of  Sir  William 
Morgan  of  Tredegar.  Shew,  the  eminent.civilian, — 

Dr.  Charles  Gould,  judge  advocate  and  member 
of  the  Privy  Council,  knighted  in  1779,  and  made 
a  baronet  in  1792,  who  assumed  the  surname  of 
Morgan.  With  other  issue  he  had  an  eldest  son, — 

Sir  Charles,  2nd  Baronet,  b.  1760,  m.  Mary 
Margaret,  dau.  of  Capt.  George  Stoney,  R.N. 
They  had  issue — 

1.  CHARI.KS  MORGAN  ROBINSON,  now  flaron 
Tredfgar  (as  above). 

2.  George,  who  in.  and  had  issue  ;  d.  1845. 

3.  Rev.   Charles   Augustus   Samuel,    M.A.,    h. 
1800 ;  Rector  of  Machen  and  Chancellor  of  Llandaff 
Cathedral,  Chaplain  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen. 

4.  Charles  Octavius  Swinncrlon,  M.P.,  l>.  1803. 
(See  Morgan  of  the  Friars.) 


786 


MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


5.  Maria  Margaretta,  m.,  1817,  Lieut.-Gen.  F. 
Miles  Milman. 

6.  Charlotte  Georgiana,  m.,  1839,  the  3rd  Lord 
Rodney. 

Note.  —  For  a  notice  of    Trcdegar  Park,  see  p.  722, 
ante. 

WALKER,  Sir  George  Ferdinand  Radzivill, 
Bart,  of  Castleton,  Monmouthshire. 

Creation,  Feb.  1835:  first  creation  in  Charles 
II.'s  reigns.  Is  second  Baronet  ;  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  Monmouthshire;  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Gen.  Sir  George  Townsend  Walker, 
first  Bart,  G.C.B.,  K.C.T.S.,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Chelsea  Hospital,  Colonel  of 
Soth  Foot,  and  late  Commander-in-chief 
of  the  Forces  at  Madras,  East  Indies, 
Groom  of  the  Chamber  to  H.R.H.  the 
Duke  of  Sussex  ;  b.  in  London,  May  24, 
1825  ;  ed.  at  Sandhurst  ;  »/.,  Oct.  gth, 
1854,  the  Hon.  Fanny  Henrietta,  third 
dau.  of  Sir  Charles  Robinson  Morgan, 
Bart.,  first  Lord  Tredegar  (see  Tredegar, 
Lord);  s.  i4th  November,  1842  ;  has 
issue  6  sons. 

Heir:  George  Ferdinand,  b.  1855. 

Residence  :  Castleton,  near  Cardiff. 

Arms:  Erminois,  on  a  pile  embattled  az.,  a 
mural  crown  charged  with  "  Badajos,"  between 
tv/o  galtraps  in  pale  or. 

Crest:  On  a  mural  crown  or,  encircled  by  a 
wreath  of  laurel,  an  ostrich  ppr. 

Motto  :  Nil  desperanclum. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  William 
Walker,  Esq.,  second  son  of  Sir  Walter  Walker, 
LL.D.,  of  Bushey  Hall,  Herts,  Judge  Advocate 
to  Catherine,  Queen  Consort  of  Charles  II.,  and 
mother  of  Sir  George  Walker,  Bart.,  of  the  first 
creation,  of  Bushey  Hall.  Sir  Edward  Walker, 
Secretary  of  War  to  King  Charles  I.,  was  another 
distinguished  member  of  this  family. 


e.  —  The  castle  of  Wentloog  (W.,  Gwentllwg) 
stood  nearly  on  the  site  of  the  present  mansion,  the 
lordship  of  Wentloog  extending  the  whole  distance 
between  Newport,  Monmouthshire,  and  Cardiff,  Gla- 
morganshire, on  the  shores  of  the  British  Channel 
(see  GaoentUwg,  passim}.  The  date  of  erection  of  the 
mansion  is  unknown,  but  some  portion  is  very  old, 
probably  part  of  the  old  castle  of  Wentloog. 

WILLIAMS,  Ferdinand  Capel  Hanbury,  Esq., 
of  JNant-oer,  Monmouthshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ; 
late  Lieut.  i6th  Lancers  ;  son  of  F.  Han- 
bury  Williams,  Esq.,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of 
Coldbrook  Park,  co.  of  Monmouth  ;  b.  at 
Coldbrook  Park,  271)1  June,  1834;  ed.  at 


Rugby;  m.,  igth  February,  1857,  Lucy 
Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Robert  \Vheeley,  Esq., 
of  The  Pentre,  near  Abergavenny.  Has 
issue  2  sons  and  2  daus. 

Heir:  Ferdinand  Pakington  John  Ilanbury,  b- 
1858. 

Residence :  Nant-oer,  near  Abergavenny. 

Arms :  Or,  a  bend  engrailed  vert,  plain  cotised 
sa. 

Crest:  A  demi-lion  rampant  out  of  a  mural 
crown,  holding  a  battle-axe  sa. 

Motto  :  Si  non  datur  ultra. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Hambruach 
of  Hambruach,  co.  Worcester,  temp.  Edward  the 
Confessor  ;  ancestor  also  of  the  Hanburys  of 
Pontypool  Park,  co.  Monmouth. 

WILLIAMS,  The  Hev.  Chancellor  Hugh,  of 
Bassaleg,  Monmouthshire. 

Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of  Llandaff,  and 
Welsh  Examining  Chaplain  to  the  Bishop 
of  Llandaff,  1845  ;  Vicar  of  Radir,  Gla- 
morgan, 1837;  Vicar  of  Bassaleg  1838; 
J.  P.  of  the  co.  of  Monmouth ;  Patron  of 
the  Vicarages  of  Henllys  and  Risca,  co.  of 
Monmouth  ;  Author  of  a  Welsh  translation 
of  short  Addresses  to  Children,  by  W. 
Brooke,  S.P.C.K.,  1826,  a  translation  of  a 
Letter  on  Infant  Baptism  by  the  late  Dean 
Knight,  1830,  also  of  translations  into 
Welsh  of  Prayers  and  Fast  and  Thanks- 
giving Set-rices  1831-33;  eldest  son  of 
George  Williams,  Esq.,  by  Mary  his  wife, 
dau.  of  George  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Daisy- 
back,  Gumfreston,  co.  of  Pembroke,  and 
niece  of  Rev.  Benjamin  Hall,  D.D.,  Chan- 
cellor of  Llandaff,  grandfather  of  the  late 
Lord  Llanover  ;  b.  at  Daisyback,  April  3, 
1795;  ed.  at  Ystradmeurig  Grammar 
School,  co.  Cardigan,  and  Jesus  Coll., 
Oxon. ;  grad.  B.A.  1816,  M.A.  1819, 
Deacon  1818,  Priest  1819;  m.,  25th  May, 
1825,  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  J. 
Thomas,  Vicar  of  Caerau,  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan ;  has  issue  2  sons  and  2  daus. 

Heir:  Hugh,  LL.B.,  Curate  of  Woodkirk, 
Yorkshire,  4.  1833. 

Residence:  Bassaleg  Vicarage,  near  Newport. 
Arms:  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  or,  a  cross  gu. 
between  two  doves  ppr.  ;  and  and  3rd,  two  ser- 
pents nowed,  ppr.  (borne  by  him  as  Chancellor 
of  Llandaff). 

Crest:  A  dove  rising,  a  Calvary  cross  in  one 
talon,  and  a  serpent  in  beak,  twined  round  the 
neck. 

Motto :  Duw  a  digon. 

Note. — Bassaleg  is  a  corruption,  destitute  of  any 
excuse,  of  the  Welsh  Macs-ales; ,  "  the  field  of  A  leg," 
— a  name  commemorative  of  a  battle.  The  country 
around  contains  several  important  entrenched  posts, 
as  Maes-y-gacr,  in  Tredegar  Park,  and  Craig-y-Sacson. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 


787 


WILLIAMS,  William  Addamg,  Esq.,  of  Llan- 
Castle,  Monmouthshire. 


J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth  ;  son  of  the 
late  William  Addams  Williams,  Esq.,  of 
Llangibby  Castle,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  ;  High 
Sheriff  in  1827,  and  M.P.  1831-40  for  the 
co.  of  Monmouth,  by  his  wife,  Anna 
Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Illtyd 
Nicholl,  D.D.,  of  The  Ham,  co.  Glam. 
(see  Nicholl  of  Hani)  ;  &.  1820;  s.  1861, 
on  the  death  of  his  father;  m.,  1850, 
Catherine,  dau.  of  Thomas  Cooke,  Esq., 
and  has  issue  7  sons  and  3  daus.  ;  eldest 
son,  ROWLAND,  l>.  1851. 

Residence  :  Boyd  Villa,  Clifton. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  gyronny  of 
eight  ermineandsa.,alion  rampant  or  —  WILLIAMS; 
2nd  and  3rd,  ermine  a  chevron  vaire  or  and  az. 
between  three  roses  ppr.  —  ADDAMS. 

Crests:  A  talbot  passant  in  pale  ermine  and 


or — Williams;  a  griffin's    head  erased    ermine, 
beaked  gu. ,  over  it  a  chevron  as  in  arms — Addams, 
Motto :  En  suivant  la  verite. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  ancient  descent,  and  has  fre- 
quently supplied  sheriffs  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth 
since  1562,  when  Roger  Williams  filled  that  office 
and  bore  the  arms  now  quartered  for  Williams 
(see  Sheriffs  of  Man.).  The  line  of  Williams  ter- 
minated in  an  heiress,  Ellen  Williams,  dau.  of  Sir 
John  Williams,  Bart. ,  of  Llangibby,  who  m. ,  1 748, 
William  Addams,  Esq. ,  of  Monmouth. 


WOECESTER,  Henry  Adelbert  Wellington 
Fitzroy,  Marquess  of,  of  Troy  House, 
Monmouthshire. 


(See  Beaufort,  Duke  of,  Troy  House  and 
Badminton.) 


Note. — The  ARMS  OF  BEAUFORT.  Anciently,  according  to  Collins,  the  Beaufort  Anns  were:  "Or,  on 
a  fesse  bordered  company  arg.  and  ae.  France  and  Englai\d  Quarterly  :"  and  the  ancient  Crest  was,  "  A 
panther  arg.  diversely  spotted  and  gorged  with  a  ducal  coronet  or  •'  "  but  neither  the  reason  nor  time  of  the  change 
is  mentioned.  The  bordure,  azure  charged  with  six  fleurs-de-lis  and  an  equal  number  of  martlets  (or  doves) 
alternately,  as  given  in  the  Beaufort  Progress,  seems  to  be  a  mistake  on  the  part  of  the  artist.  The 
history  of  the  Beaufort  Escutcheon  gives  no  clue  to  such  a  bordure. 


ANNALS,    &c.,    OF    WALES. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE 

(SiR  DRE-FALDWYN). 

THE  name,  whether  Welsh  or  English,  borne  by  the  burg  of  Montgomery,  is  a  memorial  of 
the  conquest  of  this  district  by  the  Normans.  On  the  high  rock  overshadowing  the  town — 
probably  then  a  mere  village — Baldwyn,  appointed  by  the  Conqueror  Lieutenant  of  the 
March  lands  taken  on  this  side  of  Wales,  about  1092  built  his  castle  and  planned  a  town, 
ever  since  which  time  the  Welsh  have  called  it  Tre-faldwyn—u  Baldwyn's  abode,  or  settle- 
ment." The  natives  soon  seized  his  castle  and  his  town,  but  in  the  very  next  year,  1093, 
were  deprived  of  them  by  the  redoubtable  Roger  de  Montgomery — a  Norman  who  had 
brought  his  name  with  him  from  his  native  home,  and  had  been  created  by  the  Conqueror 
Earl  of  Shrewsbury  and  Arundel  in  1066,  the  year  of  the  conquest  of  England.  Among  the 
foreign  settlers,  and  in  the  French,  English,  and  Latin  languages  the  place  received  its 
designation  from  his  name — Montgomery.  This  part  of  the  ancient  Powys  continued  from 
the  Norman  Conquest  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  under  the  feudal  rule  of  the  Lords 
Marchers,  when,  by  the  27th  of  that  king,  it  was  constituted  a  regular  county,  called  after 
Montgomery,  its  "  shire  town." 


SECTION  I.— DESCRIPTIVE  AND  HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  MONT- 
GOMERYSHIRE. 

This  county.is  oblong  in  form,  bounded  N.  by  Denbighshire,  E.  and  S.E.  by  Shropshire, 
S.  by  Radnor,  S.W.  by  Cardiganshire,  and  W.N.W.  by  Merioneth.  In  mean  length  from 
N.E.  to  S.W.  it  measures  about  33  miles,  and  in  mean  breadth  about  25  miles.  Its 
superficial  measurement  is  839  square  miles,  or  483,323  statute  acres,  of  which  some 
90,000  only  are  said  to  be  under  Ullage.  The  population  during  the  last  five  decades  has 
been  as  follows  : — 

Total  population  of  Montgomeryshire  in  1831  65,700 

»i  „  1841  69,219 

1851  67,335 

.,  „  1861  ...  66,919 

1871  ...  ...  67,789 

3  F 


790  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

These  figures  exhibit  a  more  stationary  state  of  the  population,  unaffected  either  by 
increase  or  decline  in  trade,  than  is  to  be  witnessed  in  most  other  parts  of  the  Principality. 
The  county  has  few  mining  operations ;  the  staple  woollen  manufacture  in  the  towns, 
though  greatly  improved  in  the  style  and  finish  of  its  products,  has  not  been  extensively 
developed;  and  even  the  formation  of  railways  has  hitherto  brought  no  material  accession 
to  the  population. 

The  great  surface  features  of  this  county,  although  wanting  in  the  lofty  mountains  and 
general  ruggedness  which  give  such  character  to  Merioneth  and  Carnarvonshire,  are 
especially  interesting.  The  county,  bounded  on  all  sides  by  rising  lands  forming  watersheds, 
may  be  said  to  lie  compactly  in  the  basin  of  the  Severn  and  its  tributaries.  The  fertile  Severn 
valley,  which  has  naturally  determined  the  situation  of  the  chief  towns — Welshpool, 
Newtown,  and  Llanidloes — is  the  chief  feature  of  the  county.  Into  the  Severn,  whose 
direction  in  these  parts  is  from  S.W.  to  N.E.,  and  which  flows  throughout  near  the  south- 
eastern margin  of  the  county,  nearly  all  the  streams  of  Montgomeryshire  run.  With  the 
exception  of  the  Dyfi  (cor.  "  Dovey  ")  and  its  few  small  affluents  on  the  western  corner,  the 
whole  of  the  drainage  of  the  county  on  either  side  is  gathered  into  this  noble  river ;  and  it 
is  quite  remarkable  that  three-fourths  of  the  surface  of  the  county  show  so  regular  a  declivity 
in  the  same  general  direction  that  the  streams  which  have  their  sources  in  the  mountainous 
heights  of  the  Berwyn  and  Aran  ranges,  or  in  the  uplands  of  the  county  itself,  run  in 
nearly  parallel  courses.  From  the  confines  of  Cardiganshire,  where  the  Penllyman  (cor. 
"  Plinlimmon")  range  forms  the  watershed,  to  the  Denbighshire  boundary,  this  is  the  case. 
The  part  of  the  Wye  which  traverses  this  county  pursues  a  direction  nearly  N.W.  and  S.E. ; 
so  does  the  Severn  itself  from  its  source  to  Llanidloes.  Then  follow  the  Clywedog, 
Taranon,  Rhiw,  Banw,  Bechan,  Tanat,  and  Rhaiadr,  all  generally  parallel  streams,  showing  that 
the  county  of  Montgomery,  with  all  its  undulations  and  counter  depressions,  takes  a  general 
fall  from  the  Merioneth  side  towards  the  Severn.  The  few  small  streams  coming  from  the 
direction  of  the  English  border  show  a  corresponding  declivity,  carrying  the  drainage  into 
the  same  Severn  trough.  This  stream  accordingly,  in  passing  into  Shropshire  just  after 
receiving  the  united  volumes  of  the  Vyrnwy  and  the  Tanat,  carries  with  it  nearly  all  the 
waters  which  the  thirsty  land  of  Montgomeryshire  and  the  evaporating  power  of  the  sun 
have  been  able  to  spare. 

With  the  exception  of  this  noble  and  beautiful  valley  of  the  Severn,  the  county  of  Mont- 
gomery, though  abounding  in  delightful  vales  and  dingles,  contains  no  broad  and  extensive 
low-lying  level  lands.  The  surface  is  generally  broken  and  sharply  undulating,  pleasant  in 
aspect,  often  well  planted  and  cultivated,  and  sometimes,  as  on  the  Rhiw,  Vyrnwy,  and 
Tanat,  extremely  comely  and  picturesque.  But  a  large  proportion  of  the  county  towards 
the  centre  and  on  the  side  adjoining  Merioneth  is  a  region  given  up  to  heath  and  gorse, 
peat  and  morass,  grouse  and  diminutive  sheep.  The  population  of  these  parts  is  still 
sparse.  The  roads  are  of  the  primitive  kind — much  what  they  were  when  in  1684  the  Duke 
of  Beaufort  on  his  celebrated  "  Progress  "  made  his  way  through  great  dangers  from  Bala  to 
pass  the  night  at  Llwydiarth,  then  the  princely  mansion  of  the  Vaughans. 


EARLY  INHABITANTS  :  ROMAN  CONQUEST.  791 


Ancient  Inhabitants  and  Divisions. 

The  region  now  called  Montgomeryshire  was  in  the  earliest  historic  times  possessed  by 
that  division  of  the  Cymry  called  by  the  Romans  Ordovices,  and  was  included,  under  the 
ancient  Welsh  nomenclature,  in  the  political  division  called  Gwynedd,  or  North  Wales,  but 
in  later  times,  and  through  the  Middle  Ages,  after  the  subdivision  of  Wales  by  Rhodri  the 
Great  into  the  three  sovereignties  of  Gwynedd,  Powys,  and  Debeubarth,  was  included  in  the 
second  ;  and  when  Powys  itself  was  parted  into  two  it  belonged  to  and  formed  the  greater 
portion  of  Powys  Wenwynwyn,  sometimes  called,  from  its  situation  higher  up  the  Severn, 
"  Upper  Powys."  To  this  parting  of  Powys  reference  will  again  be  made. 

That  the  Romans  took  general  possession  of  these,  like  other  parts  of  Wales,  is  clear  from 
the  evidences  still  existing  in  their  great  military  roads  and  stations.  No  unsettlernent  of 
the  native  population  took  place  under  this  conquest,  nor  were  the  native  laws  and  customs, 
language,  and  religion  made  subject  to  any  but  the  slightest  alteration.  But  as  Anglesey 
had  been  conquered  at  much  cost  (see  p.  9),  and  must  be  held  in  subjection,  in  addition  to 
the  chief  military  highway — the  Via  Devana  by  Chester,  Badfari,  and  Conovium,  they 
made  other  roads  through  the  interior,  both  for  the  purpose  of  quelling  popular  insurrection 
and  raising  revenue.  One  of  these  roads  passed  from  Penkridge  (Lat.  Penno-cruceum) — W. 
pen,  and  crug,  a  cairn — by  Wroxeter  ( Uriconium),  across  the  Severn  to  a  station  called  by 
Antoninus,  Mediolanum,  which  is  believed  by  many  to  be  Meifod,  or  at  least  some  spot 
near  that  place,  such  as  Clawdd  Coch,  or  Caer-degfan  in  this  county.  It  then  proceeded 
through  the  heart  of  the  mountains  to  join  the  SARN  HELEN  for  Segontium,  near  Carnarvon 
(see  p.  675).  Another  Roman  road  skirted  the  western  angle  of  the  county  at  Machynlleth 
(Maglond).  An  important  station  seems  to  have  existed  at  Caersws,  and  a  road  probably 
connecting  Meifod  and  Machynlleth  ran  this  way.  The  fewness  of  Roman  remains  found  in 
Montgomeryshire,  however,  those  at  Caersws  being  the  principal  found, — suggests  the  idea 
that  the  Romans  established  here  no  permanent  military  camps,  and  built  no  town  or  powerful 
fortress ;  but,  as  necessity  required,  turned  to  use  such  British  camps  and  strongholds  as  came 
in  their  way — as  the  remarkable  camp  near  Dolarddyn,  west  of  Welshpool,  the  Breidden 
camp,  Caereinion,  &c. 

After  the  Roman  dominion  in  Britain  ceased  (fifth  century)  we  know  nothing  of  the  state 
of  things  which  came  into  existence  in  these  particular  parts.  A  veil  of  mystery  hangs  over 
all  the  affairs  of  Wales  for  long  ages.  None  but  intermittent  light,  sufficient  only  to  reveal 
incessant  agitation  and  conflict  with  Mercia  and  the  Danes,  falls  on  Montgomeryshire  till 
the  reign  of  Rhodri  the  Great,  who  managed,  in  face  of  the  perils  brought  by  the  "  black 
pagans "  (the  Danes),  to  unite  his  country  under  his  own  sole  rule,  and  at  his  death 
(A.D.  876,  see  p.  n),  yielding  to  the  custom  of  gavelkind,  which  in  the  main  worked 
disastrously  for  Wales,  divided  his  dominions  between  his  three  sons,  assigning  Gwynedd  to 
Anarawd,  the  eldest,  Debeubarth,  or  S.  Wales,  to  Cadell,  and  Powys  to  Merfyn. 

The  limits  of  ancient  Powys  had  long  been  curtailed  by  Offa  of  Mercia  (d.  796),  whose 
Dyke,  traversing  the  eastern  side  of  Montgomeryshire  by  Brompton,  Nantcribba,  Buttington, 


792  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

Four  Crosses,  and  Llanymynach,  is  his  most  lasting  memorial.  He  had  forced  back  the  tide 
of  Powysian  patriotism  by  main  and  bloody  force  westward  of  this  wonderful  entrenchment 
— whose  stupendousness  surpasses  any  other  ancient  work  in  Britain, — and  the  seat  of 
government  had  been  removed  from  Pengwem  (Shrewsbury)  to  Mathrafal.  Here  probably 
Merfyn  had  his  court.  An  humble  farmstead  now  alone  marks  the  spot. 

After  a  few  generations  of  turmoil  and  division  the  line  of  Merfyn  terminated  in  an 
heiress,  whose  son,  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  became  a  puissant  prince  worthy  of  his  illustrious 
ancestors,  Rhodri  the  Great,  Cynan  Tindaethwy— the  hardy  opponent-of  OfTa,  and  Rodri 
Molwynawg,  the  scourge  of  the  Mercians.  He  not  only  consolidated  Powys,  but  succeeded 
in  bringing  under  his  rule  the  whole  of  North  Wales,  and,  nominally  at  least,  South  Wales, 
and  established  a  Powysian  dynasty  which  lasted  till  the  conquest  of  Wales  by  Edward  I. 

Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn  =  Haer. 

I 


Meredydd  ap  Bleddyn.  Cadwgan  ap  Bleddyn,  3rd  son,  first  ruled  S.  Wales 

temp.  Rufus,  then  Powys;  builds  Powys  Castle; 
d.  I  no. 


I  I 

Madog  ap  Meredydd= Susan,  dau.  of  Pr.  Gruffydd  Gruffydd  ap  Meredydd,  2nd  son,  Lord 

d.  1 1 60.  ap  Cynan.  of  Cyfeiliog,  &c. 

Gruffydd  Maelor,  Lord  of  Bromfield,  Owen  Cyfeiliog,  the  prmce-bard=Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Pr. 


d.  1191.  d.  1197. 


Owain  Gwynedd. 


Ill  I 

Owen  Brogyntyn.  Cynrig  Efell.     Einion  Gwenwynwyn  =  Margaret,  dau.  of  Robert,  Lord  Corbet 


Efell.  d.  circa  1218. 


of  Caus  :  not  the  dau.  of  the  "  Lord 
Rhys,"  as  the  W.  genealogists  say. 


Gruffydd  ap  Gwenwynwyn, =Hawise,  dau.  of  John  le  Strange, 
called  I  )e  Cy  veiliog,  and  De  la 
Pole,  d.  circa  1283. 


1 

Owen    de  la    Pole    of 
Arwystli  :  surrendered 
his  princely  title  and 
lands  to  Edw.  I.,  and 
received     back     his 
lands  to  hold  per 
baroniam. 

\ 
Llewelyn,  Lord 
ofMochnant- 
uwch  Rhaiadr. 

John  de  la   Pole, 
Rector  of  Pole 
(Welshpool). 

William  de  la  Pole, 
Lord  of  Maw- 
ddwy,  &c. 

Griffith  de  la  Pole, 
or  Gruffydd 
Fychan. 

Powys  was  divided  on  the  death  of  Meredydd,  son  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  between  his 
son  Madog,  whose  territory  was  afterwards  called  "  Powys  Fadog,"  otherwise  "  Lower 
Powys,"  and  his  grandson  Owen  Cyfeiliog,  whose  son  Gwenwynwyn  gave  his  name  to  the 
territory  he  ruled ;  and  this  is  the  region  which,  as  already  said,  comprehended  the  present 
county  of  Montgomery,  and,  occasionally,  much  besides.  Owen  Cyfeiliog  and  his  son  Gwen- 
wynwyn must  have  been  men  of  high  character  as  well  as  intelligence,  for  despite  their 
leanings  in  favour  of  the  English  kings,  they  are  always  spoken  of  with  respect,  though  with- 
out enthusiasm,  in  the  annals  of  Wales. 

In  this  brief  survey  we  have  already  passed  the  point  of  time  when  the  venerable  Fowls 
Castle,  the  centre  and  heart  of  Powys  Wenwynwyn,  was  first  founded.  This  place,  first 


"CASTELL  COCH  "— POWIS  CASTLE. 


793 


called,  in  Norman-French  and  English  Pool,  or  Pole,  then  Welsh-pool,  a  name  taken  from 
the  deep  pool  or  lake  still  existing  in  the  castle  park,  and  by  the  Welsh  Tre-llyn,  altered 
into  Tra-llwng  (ire,  a  home,  or  settlement ;  and  llyn,  a  pool,  lake),  received  in  later  times 
from  the  Welsh  the  name  Castell  Cock,  "  the  Red  Castle,"  from  the  colour  of  the  stone  of 
which  it  was  built  (a  name  not  yet  extinct  among  the  peasantry),  and  at  last  was  designated 
Powys  Castle.  A  more  interesting  castle  does  not  exist  in  Wales.  It  connects  the  life  of 
the  present  day  with  the  whole  history  of  the  Marches,  the  darkest  feudal  times,  and  that 
exciting  and  perilous  age  when  the  princes  of  Wales  were  waging  an  unequal  battle  with  the 
power  of  England,  and  their  sceptres  and  diadems  were  one  by  one  dropping  into  dust. 

In  the  above  pedigree  of  the  Powysian  princes  we  see  the  name  of  Cadwgan,  3rd  son  of 
Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn.  He  is  the  reputed  founder  of  the  Red  Castle,  and  the  time  when  he 
had  regained  this  territory  by  favour  of  King  Henry  I.  and  began  erecting  his  castle,  is 
generally  agreed  to  be  about  the  year  1108,  two  years  before  he  met  with  a  violent  death  at 


Powis  CASTLE— THE  TERRACES  (Jroot  a  photograph  by  Mr.   Owen.) 

the  hand  of  his  nephew,  Madog  ap  Rhirid  (not  Madog  ap  Meredydd,  another  nephew,  who 
gave  his  name  to  Powys  Fadog).  The  Powysian  princes  now  abandoned  Mathrafad,  where 
a  Norman  chieftain,  Robert  de  Vieux-pont,  or  Vipont,  built  himself  a  castle,  and  purloined 
a  part  of  their  territory.  Powys  Castle  became  henceforth  the  seat  of  the  rulers  of  "  Upper 
Powys ; "  its  building,  commenced  as  stated,  by  Cadwgan,  was  carried  on  by  Gwenwynwyn, 
son  and  successor  of  Owen  Cyfeiliog,  grandson  of  Cadwgan's  elder  brother  Meredydd.  The 
chain  of  Norman  oppression  was  being  drawn  closer  and  closer  around  the  native  princes, 
and  the  mighty  efforts  of  the  two  Llewelyns  to  effect  the  deliverance  of  their  country  only 
plunged  Powys  into  greater  straits.  Prince  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth  drove  Gwenwynwyn  from 
his  princedom,  and  annexed  it  to  his  own  extended  dominions.  Prince  Llewelyn  ap 
Gruffydd  likewise  took  possession  of  Powys,  by  concession  from  the  English  king 
(Henry  III.), — see  p.  325.  Gruffydd,  son  of  Gwenwynwyn,  nominal  Prince  of  Upper  Powys 


794 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


often  called  De  Cyveiliog  and  De  la  Pole,  died  in  1283;  and  his  son,  Owen  de  la  Pole,  or 
Owen  ap  Gruffydd,  the  conquest  of  Wales  having  now  been  effected,  was  obliged  to 
complete  the  downfall  of  his  dynasty  by  surrendering  his  title  of  prince  and  his  lands  to 
Edward  I.,  and  receiving  the  latter  back  in  fee  from  the  king.  (See  a  valuable  paper  on 
the  "Feudal  Barons  of  Powys,"  by  Morris  C.  Jones,  Esq.,  in  Montgomeryshire  Collections,  1868.) 
It  may  here  be  remarked  that  many  of  the  papers  in  this  collection  (still  in  progress)  are 
among  the  most  elaborate  and  useful  contributions  to  local  topography,  biography,  and 
history  published  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom. 

Powys  Castle  was  now  a  proper  feudal  castle.  The  last-named  Owen  de  la  Pole,  its  owner 
called  also  Owen  of  Arwystli  and  ap  Gruffydd,  died  about  1293,  leaving  an  infant  son, 
Gruffydd,  who  died  before  his  majority,  and  a  daughter,  Hawyse,  who  at  her  brother's 
demise  became  sole  heiress  of  Upper  Powys  as  well  as  of  its  chief  fortress,  Powys  Castle. 
But  as  her  father  had  permission  to  hold  his  lands  only  "  sub  nomine  et  tenura  liberi 


Powis  CASTLE— WEST  FRONT  (from  a  photo,  by  Mr.   Owen). 

baronagii  Anglice,"  on  condition  of  resigning  to  his  lord  the  king  the  title  and  crown  of  his 
princedom,  Hawyse,  like  her  lands,  by  feudal  custom,  was  at  the  disposal  of  the  English  king, 
and  he  gave  her  in  marriage  to  one  of  his  great  soldiers,  John  de  Cherleton,  who  thus 
became  the  first  alien  owner  of  Castell  Coch.  He  was  summoned  to  Parliament  as 
"Johannes  de  Cherleton"  from  7  Edward  II.  (1313)  1027  Edward  III.  (1353),  in  which 
last  year  he  died.  Four  De  Cherletons  held  the  lordship  of  Pool,  when  the  barony  passed 
by  marriage,  temp.  Henry  V.,  to  the  Greys.  From  the  Greys  it  was  purchased,  temp.  Eliza- 
beth, by  Sir  Edward  Herbert,  younger  son  of  William  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke.  His  son, 
Sir  William  Herbert,  K.B.,  was  in  1629  created  by  Charles  I.  Baron  Powis  of  Powis  Castle; 
his  grandson,  William  Herbert,  was  in  1674  created  Earl  of  Powis,  and  in  1687  Marquess  of 
Powis.  This  branch  of  the  Herberts  became  extinct  in  the  line  male  in  1748  on  the  death 
of  the  third  Earl  and  Marquess,  William  Herbert,  when  Powis  Castle  passed  by  the  marriage 


DESCRIPTIVE  ACCOUNT  OF  POWIS  CASTLE.  795 

of  his  niece  Barbara  to  Henry  Arthur  Herbert,  first  Baron  Herbert  of  Chirbury,  descended 
from  a  common  ancestry,  who  was  now  created  Baron  and  Earl  of  Powis.  His  son,  George 
Edward,  dying  without  issue,  Powis  Castle  passed  (A.D.  1804)  with  his  sister  and  heiress 
Henrietta  Antonia,  to  her  husband,  Edward  Clive,  first  Baron  Clive,  who  was  created  Baron 
and  Earl  of  Powis,  in  whose  descendants  it  has  ever  since  vested.  (See  Powis,  Earl  of, 
Powis  Castle.) 

The  Duke  of  Beaufort,  in  his  "Progress"  through  Wales  and  the  Marches  in  1684,  was 
entertained  over  Sunday  at  Powis  Castle,  and  has  left  on  record  the  following  account  of 
the  castle  as  it  then  stood.  Many  of  the  paintings  here  described  are  still  in  the  castle,  but 
in  the  course  of  nearly  two  hundred  years  many  changes  have  taken  place;  the  castle  has 
undergone  extensive  repairs  and  some  alterations ;  and  its  art  treasures  have  been  largely 
augmented  by  its  present  noble  owner  and  his  immediate  predecessors.  A  museum  of 
curiosities,  in  great  part  brought  from  India,  was  added  by  the  celebrated  Lord  Clive. 


Powis  CASTLE— EAST  FRONT  (from  a  photo,  by  Mr.  Owen.} 

After  stating  that  Llewelyn  the  Great  (ap  lorwerth),  on  his  return  from  a  raid  into  South 
Wales,  temp.  Henry  III.,  overthrew  this  castle  and  burned  the  town  of  Oswestry,  the 
Progress  continues  : — 

"Thursday,  July  31,  1684. — His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  left  Lloydyarth  and 
arrived  at  Powis  Castle  (vulgarly  called  Red  Castle,  being  formed,  founded,  and  hewn  out 
of  a  high  red  rock  in  Montgomeryshire),  where  he  was  met  by  her  Grace  the  Lady  Duchess 
of  Beaufort,  the  Marchioness  of  Worcester,  and  other  noble  ladys,  his  Grace's  daughters, 
with  four  coaches  of  six  horses  and  attendants  suitable..  Here  were  noble  enterteinments 
repeated,  and  their  Graces  rested,  the  day  following  being  August  i,  1684" — (p.  85). 

"Saterday,  July  19. — His  Grace  lay  that  night  at  Powis  Castle,  from  which  the  day 
folowing,  being  Sunday,  he  went,  accompanied  by  the  Earle  of  Worcester,  Sir  John  Talbot, 
and  a  great  number  of  knights,  militia  officers,  and  gentlemen,  besides  the  officers  of  his 


796  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

family,  &c.,  to  the  church  of  Welsh-pool,  where  divine  service  was  read,  and  a  loyall  sermon 
preached  by  the  Reverend  ....  the  militia  foot  with  their  respective  officers  making 
a  guard  for  his  passing  and  returne  through  ye  town,  where  the  Magistracy  also  attended 
him  in  their  formalities ;  after  which  his  Grace  the  Earle  of  Worcester,  Lord  Herbert  of 
Cherbury,  Sir  John  Talbot,  and  most  of  the  gentlemen  of  Montgomeryshire,  were  very  nobly 
enterteined  at  Powis  Castle,  though  neither  the  Earle  of  Powis  nor  his  Countess  were  there. 

'  Discubufire  tons  proceres  :  et  corpora  tosta, 
Carne  replent ;  vinoque  levant  curasque  sitimque,'  &c. — Ovid,  'Met.'  xii.,  4. 

"  The  fairest  roome  above  staires  is  boarded  in  panes,  and  inlaid  with  different  woods, 
representing  a  stone  or  marble  pavement.  It  is  roofed  with  a  sort  of  fretwork  ceileing, 
showing  the  Globe  Crelestiall,  all  the  signes  of  the  Zodiack  in  figures,  ye  planets,  &c.  It 
hath  a  large  chimney-piece  of  the  old  fashion,  supported  on  two  columns,  the  figures  in  two 
bustys  of  Seneca  and  Aristotle.  Over  the  fireplace  is  this  in  golden  letters, — 

'  Deus  primum  honos  proxime  '  [sic], 

"  Over  the  cornish,  at  the  top  of  rich  ancient  tapistrey,  are  good  paintings  representing 
in  severall  tables,  as  big  as  the  life, — An  Eurofa  upon  a  Bull ;  a  Perseus  and  Andromeda  in 
two  tables ;  one  hath  him  assaulting  of  a  dragon,  in  ye  other  is  seen  a  Cupid  unloosing 
Andromeda ;  a  Neptune  in  his  Triton  Shell  drawn  with  two  sea-horses ;  an  Acteon  and  Diana 
with  Nymphs  bathing.  Over  the  chimney  the  God  of  the  Rivers ;  a  Venus,  in  a  sea-chariot 
drawn  by  a  Dolphin  ;  Hero  and  Leander,  the  work  of  Van  Lemon,  a  good  master ;  Hercules, 
his  wife,  and  the  Hippocentaur.  Over  the  window  are  two  weverns.  .  .  .  The  folding 


ftjetbttt  arms,  1684—  (Beaufort  Progress). 

arms  in  y"  Garter  in  this  room  are  seen  quartered  with  Northumberland,  viz.,  gules,  3  lucies 
hauriant  argent.  A  Northumberland  again  impaled  with  it  by  a  marriage  with  the  Lady 
Elizabeth,  second  daughter  to  Henry  Percy,  Earle  of  Northumberland,  viz.,  quarterly,  the 
first,  or,  a  lion  rampant  azure;  on  a  second,  gules,  3  lucies  haurient  argent,  the  third  as  the 
second,  the  last  as  the  first." 

"  The  gallery  leads  into  the  fairest  Roomes,  and  is  adorned  among  others  with  these 
pieces : — i.  Of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  lately  dead.  2.  The  Lady  Eleanor  Percy,  dau.  of 
Henry,  Earle  of  Northumberland,  a  piece  at  length  superscribed,  jEtat.  13, 1595,  Mart.  1657. 
3.  William  Herbert,  Lord  Powis,  JEtat.  23,  1595,  Mart.  1656.  4.  Opposite  to  y=  great 
Roome  in  the  same  Gallery,  Sir  Edward  Herbert,  Knight  of  the  Bath,  who  was  Embassador 
in  France,  sitting  in  his  night-gown,  and  dictateing  to  his  Secretary.  Here  are  also  three  or 


POWIS  CASTLE  ;  LYMORE. 


797 


four  excellent  pieces  of  great  masters — idea  quaere."  [These  portraits  are  still  in  the 
Castle,  chiefly  in  the  Drawing  Room.] 

"  At  the  end  of  this  Gallery  is  a  pleasant  Bed-chamber,  with  alcove,  wherein  his  Grace 
the  Duke  of  Beaufort  lay.  The  furniture  is  of  Crimson  velvet,  fringed  with  gold; 
ye  Ballastars  are  also  richly  guilded  and  deversify'd.  The  paintings  are  two  Tables ;  one  of 
the  Nativity,  the  other  of  the  Resurrection,  by  a  good  hand. 

"  In  the  Roome  on  ye  left  hand,  the  foot  of  ye  great  staircase,  y=  chimney-piece  hath  the 
history  of  Sampson  and  Dalilah;  over  the  door  Parnassus,  whereon  ye  nine  muses ;  Perseus 
and  Andromeda. 

"  Dineing  Room  where  his  Grace  was  enterteined ;  over  the  entrance  into  it  is 
ye  painting  of  a  Pan  and  Cyringa  turning  into  Reeds.  The  Anti-room  to  this  hath  for 
chimney-piece,  ill  done,  a  Phaeton  overturning  his  Chariot. 

"Within   a  mile   of    Montgomery   and    |    miles    from     Powis   Castle   is   scituate   in 


LYMORE  (from  a  photo,  by  Mr.   Owen}. 


a  Park  of  Red  and  Fallow  Deer,  the  seat  \Lymore\  belonging  to  the  learned  Lord 
Herbert  of  Cherbury  who  wrote  a  Tract  De  Veritate,  &c.  Ann.  Dom.  1624." 

Lymore  (Llys-mawr)  has  continued  in  the  Powis  family.  It  is  kept  in  good  preserva- 
tion, and  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  specimens  remaining  in  these  parts  of  the  timbered 
mansions  of  the  aristocracy.  It  is  said  to  have  been  at  first  a  Lodge  in  the  Deer  Park 
belonging  to  the  mansion  of  the  Herberts  at  Slack/tail,  on  the  destruction  of  which  by  fire 
Lymore  was  enlarged  and  converted  into  a  substitute,  about  1585. 

To  return  to  Powis  Castle.  The  building  as  now  standing  is  much  reduced  in 
dimensions  from  what  it  was  in  past  times,  dilapidated  portions  having  been  removed  and 
the  structure  made  more  compact  and  somewhat  modernised.  When  Leland  visited  it 
about  1540,  the  castle,  according  to  his  description,  was  more  like  two  castles  than  one. 
"  Walsch-pool,  five  miles  from  Montgomerik,  the  best  market  in  Powisland,"  he  sa>s,  "had 


798  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

two  Lord  Marchers  castels  within  one  wall,  the  Lord  Powis  named  Grey,  and  the  Lord 
Dudley  named  Sutton,  but  now  the  Lord  Powis  hathe  bothe  in  his  hand.  The  Walch  Pole 
is  in  compas  almoste  as  muche  as  a  little  town.  The  Lord  Duddeley's  part  is  almost  fallen 
down.  The  Lord  Powis's  part  is  metely  good."  Respecting  these  "  two  castels,"  a  remark 
in  the  "Additions"  to  Camden  is  worthy  of  attention.  "What  Mr.  Camden,  after  Leland, 
says  of  the  different  proprietors  of  the  two  castles  here  seems  to  mean  no  more  than  that 
the  Baron  Dudley  (of  whom  John,  temp.  Edward  III.,  married  Isabel,  daughter  of  John  de 
Charleton,  Lord  of  Powis),  had  a  tower  or  apartment  here." 

In  the  civil  war  the  then  Lord  Powis  declared  for  the  king,  but  the  castle  was  at  last 
surrendered  to  the  Parliamentary  forces  led  by  Sir  Thomas  Myddelton.  The  estates  were 
then  confiscated,  but  were  compounded  for,  and  restored. 

In  the  ancient  divisions  of  Upper  Powys,  of  which  we  have  said  the  Red  Castle  was  for 
ages  the  centre  and  princely  seat,  this  immediate  part  was  situated  in  the  cantref  of  Fyrnwy. 
That  these  divisions,  as  transmitted  to  us  in  the  Myvyrian  Archaiology  of  Wales,  and 
purporting  to  be  the  work  of  Llewelyn,  the  last  Prince  of  Wales  (d.  1282),  are  really  of  a 
date  even  earlier  than  his  time  receives  some  confirmation  from  a  casual  remark  in  the  intro- 
duction, where  it  is  said  that  of  the  three  provinces  which  existed  in  Wales,  "  the  third  was 
at  Mathrafael  in  Powys  " — language  which  must  refer  to  a  state  of  things  prior  to  the  age  of 
Llewelyn,  for  in  his  time  Mathrafael  had  long  ceased  to  be  the  seat  of  the  Powysian  govern- 
ment, having  been  converted  into  a  lordship  of  Robert  de  Vipont,  and  "  Castell  Coch  " 
having  become  the  seat  of  the  line  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn. 

The  Principality  of  Upper  Powys  (or  P.  Wenwynwyn)  was  divided  into  five  cantrefs  and 
thirteen  comots,  as  follows : — 

Cantrefs.  Comots. 

II.  Mochnant    Uwch    Rhaiadr  ["Mochnant,    on   the 
Upper  Rhaiadr  River"] 
2.   Mecham  Iscoecl  ["M.  of  the  lower  Forest  "]. 
3.  Llanerch-hudol  ["the  charming  district"]. 

2.  CYNAN  .  j   '•  Mawddwy. 

I  2. 


3.  LLYSWYNAF j   *' 


4.  YSTLYG 


Cyfeiliog. 
Caereinion. 

2.   Mechain  uwch  Coed  ["M.  of  the  upper  Forest"]. 
I.   Deuddwr  "the  two  waters:"  sit.  at  the  junction 
of  the  Fyrnwy  and  Severn.     Now  corrupted  into 
Deythur]. 


2.  Corddwr, 

.  3.  Ystrad  Marchell  ["The  Vale  of  Marchell  "]. 

I  I.  Uwch  Coed  ["of  the  upper  Forest"]. 

5.  ARWYSTLI j  2.  Iscoed  ["of  the  lower  Forest"]. 

I  3.  Gwrthrynion. 

All  these  are  included  in  the  county  of  Montgomery,  excepting  the  comot  of  Mawddwy, 
which  belongs  to  Merioneth,  and  the  comot  of  Gwrthrynion,  which  is  in  Radnor.  They  all 
belonged  to  the  territory  ruled  by  the  princes  of  Upper  Powis,  although  acquired  at 
different  times,  and  occasionally  partly  lost  and  again  recovered.  (See  Montgomeryshire 
Coll.,  1867.) 


DESCRIPTIVE  ACCOUNT  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  799 

The  Red  Castle  demesne  was  included  in  the  comot  of  Llanerch-hudol,  "  the  charming 
or  comely  part,"  a  description  strictly  appropriate  to  the  nature  of  the  landscape.  From 
the  swelling  grounds  of  Powis  Castle  park,  and  from  the  turrets  of  the  castle  itself,  the 
panorama  of  mountain,  vale,  and  plain,  is  truly  magnificent,  and  from  the  grounds  of 
Llanerch-hudol  Mansion  the  prospect  is  only  slightly  less  enchanting. 

The  neighbourhood  of  Welshpool  (a  place  which,  from  a  mere  "pool,"  grew  into  a 
fortress,  and  next  into  a  flourishing  borough)  is  one  which  would  unfailingly  become  the 
resort  of  persons  of  taste  and  intelligence.  Its  grand  traditions,  historic  deeds  and 
associations,  numerous  memorials  of  long-past  chivalry,  and  spots  consecrated  by  the 
long-continued  residence  of  influential  households,  give  it  a  character  of  powerful  fascination. 
Hence  we  find,  within  a  narrow  circle  around  the  Red  Castle,  a  large  number  of  the 
generosi  of  the  county  assembled.  For  many  ages  this  has  been  the  case,  but  some  of  the 


GUNLEY — THE  RESIDENCE  OF  MRS.   PRYCE  (from  a  photograph  by  Mr.   Owen). 

older  homes  have  been  removed  or  converted  to  humbler  uses,  while  others  have  bravely 
persisted  against  the  mouldering  effects  of  time,  and  some  new  mansions  have  sprung  into 
being.  Here  we  find  Llanerch-hudol,  the  noble  and  delightfully  situated  residence  of  Lady 
Edwards;  Cyfronydd  (Rob.  Davies  Pryce,  Esq.);  Garth  (Capt.  D.  H.  Mytton);  Trelydan 
Hall  (General  Ed.  Scott);  Crosswood  (Major  Heyward  Heyward — see  Heyward  of 
Cilbronnau,  Pemb.);  Derwen  (Capt.  G.  Jenkins — see  Jenkins  of  Pen'rallt,  Card.);  Leighton 
Hall  (John  Naylor,  Esq.);  Brooklands  (Mrs.  Curling) ;  Dysserth  (J.  Davies  Corrie,  Esq.)  ; 
Edderton  House  (Richard  Edmunds,  Esq.);  Nantcribba  Hall  (formerly  Llwyd,  afterwards 
Purcell,  and  then  Devereux,  Viscount  Hereford) ;  Gunley,  the  ancient  home  of  the  Pryce 
family  (see  Pryce  of  Gunley)  Gunley  is  a  modernized  mansion,  still  containing  parts  of 
considerable  antiquity,  where  an  interesting  series  of  family  and  other  portraits  are 
preserved.  The  pedigree  of  the  Pryce  family  in  the  handwriting  of  Leitys  Dwnn  in  1608  — 


8oo  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

with  his  autograph  attached — -one  of  a  very  few  existing,  is  also  here.  Gunley  stands  on 
the  margin  of  the  county,  looking  towards  Corndon  Hill  and  the  rich  lands  of  Salop. 

Near  Llanfair  Caereinion  are  found  Dolarddyn  Hall  (formerly  Wynn,  now  E.  Humphreys, 
Esq);  The  Mount  (J.  R.  Pickmere,  Esq.);  Bryn  Pmiarth  (E.  T.  Greves,  Esq.);  while 
further  north  we  have  Dyffryn,  Meifod  (J.  Buckley  Williames,  Esq.);  Ystum-Colwyn 
(formerly  Williams);  The  Vicarage,  Meifod  (Rev.  Canon  R.  Wynne  Edwards);  Penylan 
(E.  S.  R.  Trevor,  Esq.);  Llwyn,  Llanfyllin  (John  Dugdale,  Esq.);  Bodfach,  Llanfyllin 
(formerly  Kyffin,  and  Price,  old  fams.,  now  T.  O.  Lomax,  Esq.) ;  Bronheuddan  (R.  S.  Perrott, 
Esq.);  Llanfechain  (Rev.  W.  Maddock  Williams);  Brynderwen  (Thos.  Gill,  Esq.); 
Bodynfod  ($>..  M.  Bonnor  Maurice,  Esq.);  Bryn-Tanat  (Mrs.  Perry).  In  this  locality  also, 
in  the  level  lands  between  the  Fyrnwy  and  the  Severn,  are  Rhysnanl  Hall  (formerly 
Penrhyn) ;  Penrhos  Hall;  and  east  of  the  latter  river  Llandrinio  Hall,  Criggion  (formerly 
Williams),  and  the  ancient  Buttington. 

The  Abbey  of  Ystrad  Marchell  in  the  township  of  Gungrog-fawr,  three  miles  east  of 
Welshpool,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Severn,  has  entirely  disappeared.  Nothing  marks  the 
spot  to  the  common  eye  beyond  some  inequalities  of  the  ground,  too  broken  and  effaced  to 
show  the  plan  of  the  foundations.  Dugdale  has  called  it  "  Valle  Crucis  "  by  mistake.  Like 
most  of  the  abbeys  of  Wales  it  belonged  to  the  Cistercian  order,  and  was  an  offshoot  of  Alba 
Domus,  or  Ty  Gwyn  ar  Daf,  in  Carmarthenshire. 

Montgomery,  that  first  slice  of  Powysian  ground  taken  from  the  Cymry  subsequently  to  the 
encroachments  of  Offa  of  Mercia  and  Egbert,  must  be  considered  as  another  centre  of 
influence  in  this  county,  both  in  ancient  and  more  modern  times. 

To  its  first  builder,  Baldwyn,  and  first  lord,  Roger  de  Montgomery — that  bold  warrior 
who  commanded  the  central  wing  in  William's  army  of  invasion — allusion  has  already  been 
made.  The  castle  was  several  times  destroyed  and  rebuilt.  It  was  made  a  powerful 
fortress  by  Henry  III.,  and  was  the  scene  of  keen  contention  and  ferocious  barbarities 
during  the  wars  of  that  king  with  Llewelyn  the  Great.  That  energetic  prince  took 
possession  of  it,  put  the  garrison  to  the  sword,  and  burnt  the  place.  The  Mortimers  in  the 
fourteenth  century  were  lords  of  this  castle.  It  became  the  property  of  the  house  of  York ; 
reverted  to  the  Crown  ;  and  was  finally  obtained  by  the  Herberts,  ancestors  of  the  celebrated 
Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury  (see  Fowls  Castle).  It  continued  for  some  time  the  residence  of 
the  Herberts,  Lords  of  Chirbury.  Lymore  is  now  the  venerable  memorial  of  it  in  that 
respect.  In  the  civil  war  it  was  garrisoned  for  the  hapless  king,  and  capitulated  to  the 
Parliamentary  General,  Sir  Thomas  Myddelton,  who  for  some  time  had  been  driven  from  his 
own  castle  of  Chirk  by  Charles's  army  (see  p.  369).  Before  final  possession  was  secured, 
however,  another  and  fierce  battle  took  place  which  resulted  in  the  total  defeat  of  the  king's 
forces.  The  castle  was  now  by  order  of  Parliament  dismantled ;  at  present  but  a  small  part 
of  it  crowns  the  rock — a  crumbling  fragment,  at  once  a  symbol  and  memorial  of  an  iron 
system  of  feudal  oppression  for  ever  passed  away. 

The  division  of  country,  in  which,  in  the  earlier  times,  the  site  of  Montgomery  was 
situated,  was  the — 


DESCRIPTIVE  ACCOUNT  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


801 


Cantrtfof  Cedewain. 

and  belonged,  not  to  Upper  Powys  but  to  the  territory  of  Elystan  Glodrydd,  Prince  of 
Ferlex,  a  princedom  usually  described  as  lying  "  between  the  Severn  and  the  Wye."  In 
later  times,  however,  except  at  intervals  of  violent  dispossession  by  the  Princes  of  North 
or  South  Wales,  or  the  English  king,  it  formed  part  of  Powys  Wenwynwyn,  which  is 
described  in  the  document  "  Parthau  Cymru,"  in  the  Myvyr.  Archceol.  of  Wales,  but,  in  a 
manner  by  no  means  clear  and  free  from  contradiction.  But  it  is  to  be  kept  in  mind  that 
ever  since  the  Norman  Conquest,  ever  since  the  seizure  by  De  Montgomery  of  the  Mont- 
gomery lordship,  there  existed  a  two-fold  possession  of  all  these  parts — the  King  of 
England,  as  Suzerain,  placed  in  the  March  lands  whatever  lord  he  chose ;  the  princes  of 


"    .-- 


VAYNOR  PARK— THE  SEAT  OF  MAJOR  WILLIAM  CORBETT  (from  a  photo,  by  Mr.   Owen). 

Powis  ruled  as  reguli,  holding  their  lands  by  homage  to  the  "  King  of  London,"  and  paying 
tribute  in  acknowledgment  of  their  subjection.  The  Welsh  historians  very  often  speak  of 
the  Princes  of  Wales  as  independent  princes  long  ages  after  they  had  been  placed  in  the 
position  of  reguli,  and  even  "  lords,"  and  as  a  rule  ignore  the  fact  that  they  paid  tribute  or 
had  lost  a  shadow  of  their  pristine  dignity.  A  proud  contempt  of  the  invader,  a  brave  but 
unreasoning  love  of  nation  and  country,  led  them  to  attempt  ignoring,  in  the  face  of 
irrefragable  fact,  the  humiliation  which  might  had  ruthlessly  imposed  upon  right.  Powys, 
after  the  Conquest  of  Wales  by  Edward  I.,  and  under  the  triumphant  and  domineering  rule 
of  the  Lords  Marchers,  whose  great  castles  frowned  down  upon  the  helpless  natives  from 
Chester  to  the  Bristol  Channel — at  Shrewsbury,  Caurs,  Mathrafal,  Pool,  Clun,  Montgomery, 
Builth,  &c.,  had  almost  passed  out  of  mind,  and  Henry  VIII.,  when  framing  his  enactment 
constituting  Montgomery  a  county  (A.D.  1533),  speaks  of  these  parts  as  simply  belonging  to 
the  "  Marches." 


802 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


The  vale  of  Severn  near  Montgomery  may  be  termed  luxuriant,  attractive  for  its  quiet 
retirement  arid  pleasing  variety  of  scene,  rather  than  very  beautiful  or  picturesque ;  but  the 
demesne  of  Vaynor  Park  (see  Corbett-  Winder  of  Vaynor)  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  in 
Powys — that  land  described  by  the  ancient  poet,  Llywarch  Hen,  as — 

Powys,  paradwys  Cymru, 
"  Powys,  paradise  of  Wales." 

and  still  entitled  to  no  small  portion  of  the  poet's  eulogium.  The  noble  mansion  of  Vaynor, 
supposed  to  be  originally  Y  fan  oer,  "  the  exposed  (cold)  place,"  is  planted  on  lofty 
ground,  now  well  wooded,  and  diversified  by  curious  swellings  of  the  surface,  suggesting  sand- 
bank formation  under  water.  The  park  is  remarkable  not  only  for  the  wide  and  splendid 
prospect  it  commands,  but  for  its  tasteful  ornamentation,  and  the  unusually  luxuriant 


GLANSEVERN— THE  RESIDENCE  OF  MRS.  OWEN  (from  a  drawing  by  Gastineau). 


hawthorn  and  May  trees  which  in  great  numbers  adorn  it.  The  mansion,  in  the  Elizabethan 
style,  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  and  picturesquely  planted  in  the  county.  The  front  and 
back  are  of  almost  similar  design,  with  courtyard  and  massive  entrance  gateway  to  the  latter. 
It  once  belonged  to  the  Hereford  family  (see  Viscount  Hereford). 

From  Vaynor  Park  a  pleasing  view  is  obtained  of  the  near  valley  of  the  Rhiw,  deep  and 
prettily  wooded,  in  which  stands  Rhiw-port  (A.  Howell,  Esq.),  and  further  down,  near  the 
junction  or  aber  of  the  Rhiw  with  the  Severn,  the  hamlet  of  Berriew  (a  corruption  of 
Aber-Rhiw),  and  the  mansion  of  Glansevern,  a  large  and  substantial  house  standing  in  the 
sunny  and  fertile  valley  which  is  watered  equally  by  the  two  rivers.  Glansevern  contains  a 
number  of  valuable  family  and  other  portraits,  and  some  interesting  antiquities  and 
curiosities.  (See  further,  Owen  of  Glanscivrn.) 


CASTELL-FORWYN  ;  LEGEND  OF  HAVREN.  803 

In  the  same  immediate  neighbourhood  are  located  Garthmyl  (late  J.  Arthur  Johnes, 
Esq.,  now  A.  C.  Humphreys,  Esq.);  Caerhowel  (Rev.  John  Harrison);  at  Montgomery 
(Richard  Smith  Humphreys,  Esq.);  Pennant  (Mrs.  P.  Buckley  Williames);  Glanhafren 
(Mrs.  Buckley  Williames) ;  Castell  Forwyn  (Rev.  John  Lloyd) ;  Dolforwyn  Hall  (Mrs. 
Devereux  Pryce),  all  suspended  on  the  fertilizing  Severn  like  beads  upon  a  silver  string. 
Castell  Forwyn  ("  the  Maiden's  Castle  ")  derives  its  name  from  the  association  of  the  spot 
with  the  pretty  legend  of  Hafren.  The  ruins  of  a  castle  (a  fortress  probably  built  by 
Llewelyn  or  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn)  are  on  the  eminence  above  the  house,  and  the  rock  from 
'  which  she  was  thrown  into  the  river  is  shown  in  the  vale  below. 

New  Troy  (so  runs  the  legend  in  Brut  Tyssilio,  and  in  an  improved  form  in  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth)  was  built  on  the  river  Thames  by  Brutus,  who  had  come  to  Britain  from 
ancient  Troy.  Brutus  dying,  left  his  government  in  the  hands  of  his  three  sons,  of  whom 
Locrinus,  the  eldest,  possessed  the  middle  part  of  the  island.  He  was  attacked  by  Humber, 
King  of  the  Huns,  but  proved  victorious,  and  the  invader  was  driven  in  his  flight  into  the 
river  which  ever  since  has  borne  his  name,  wherein  he  was  drowned.  In  one  of  the 
enemy's  hollow  ships  was  found  much  treasure,  which  fell  to  the  share  of  Locrinus,  but 
chief  of  all  were  three  virgins  of  celestial  beauty,  one  of  whom  was  the  daughter  of  the 
"  King  of  Germany,"  previously  conquered  and  despoiled  by  the  pirate  Humber.  She  bore 
the  name  of  Essyllt  (in  Geoffrey,  "  Estrildis  ") ;  her  skin  was  fairer  than  the  snow  or  lily,  or 
the  bone  of  the  whale  ("asgwrn  morfil"),  and  Locrinus  at  the  sight  of  her  was  smitten  with 
overpowering  love,  and  at  once  wished  to  make  her  his  queen.  But  among  his  father's 
warriors  was  Corineus  the  Strong,  whose  daughter,  Gwendolen,  Locrinus  had  already 
espoused.  "  Is  it  thus,  young  man,"  cried  the  incensed  Corineus,  "  thou  rewardest  my 
wounds  and  sufferings  endured  in  thy  father's  wars  with  strange  nations  ?  Is  it  thus  thou 
slightest  my  daughter  in  favour  of  a  barbarian  damsel  ?  While  these  two  arms  have  strength 
thou  shall  not  do  thus  with  impunity;"  and  swaying  his  two-edged  battle-axe,  he  threatened 
to  strike  him  down.  But  friends  interposed  between  the  chieftains,  and  Locrinus  was 
compelled  to  marry  Gwendolen. 

But  his  love  for  Essyllt  did  not  cease.  For  seven  years  he  concealed  her  underground 
in  London  (New  Troy),  in  great  halls  he  had  excavated  for  the  purpose,  and  there  he 
visited  her  in  secret  under  pretence  of  worshipping  the  gods.  And  it  came  to  pass  when 
Corineus  was  dead,  that  Locrinus  abandoned  Gwendolen,  and  brought  Essyllt  openly  to  his 
court  as  his  queen.  Now  was  the  grief  of  Gwendolen  great,  and  she  went  as  far  as 
Cornwall,  and  gathered  a  great  army  of  youth,  and  fought  against  Locrinus.  The  two  hosts 
met  on  the  river  Verram  (in  Geoffrey,  the  river  "  Sture  "),  where  Locrinus  was  struck  by  an 
arrow  in  the  forehead,  and  died.  Then  did  Gwendolen  assume  the  reins  of  government  in 
the  island  of  Britain,  and  she  commanded  that  Essyllt  and  her  daughter  Havren  should  be 
taken  and  cast  into  the  river;  and  from  that  time  the  river  has  been  known  through 
all  Britain  as  "Havren  "  (Lat.,  Sabrina,  whence  Sererti),  and  so  it  shall  be  called  till  the  day 
of  doom.  The  legend  refers  to  a  time  about  B.C.  1000. 

According  to  Milton's  fancy  Hafren  was  not  drowned,  but  became  a  virgin  goddess,  and 
ever  since  "with  moist  curb  sways  the  smooth  Severn  stream,  bestowing  her  care  upon 
"  ensnared  chastity  "  in  "  hard-besetting  need."  When  cruel  Gwendolen  commanded  "  her 
fair  innocence  to  the  flood," — 


&H  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

"The  water-nymphs,  that  in  the  bottom  played, 
Held  up  their  pearled  wrists  and  took  her  in, 
Bearing  her  straight  to  aged  Nereus'  hall  ; 
Who,  piteous  of  her  woes,  reared  her  lank  head, 
And  gave  her  to  his  daughters  to  imbathe 
In  nectared  lavers,  strewed  with  asphodel ; 
And  through  the  porch  and  inlet  of  each  sense 
Dropped  in  ambrosial  oils,  till  she  revived, 
And  underwent  a  quick  immortal  change." — "  Camus." 

A  little  higher  up  the  river  than  Dolforwyn  Castle  is  Aber-Bechan,  the  junction  of  the 
Bechan  with  the  Severn.  From  the  height  on  which  the  castle  of  Dolforwyn  stands  a  fine 
prospect  opens  of  the  vale  of  the  Severn,  and  the  rising  woodlands  and  cultured  slopes  on 
either  side,  with  the  added  beauties  of  the  smaller  valleys  of  the  Mule  and  the  Bechan, 


GREGVNOG— THE  SEAT  OF  THE  HON.  H.  HANBURY-TRACY  (from  a  photo,  by  Mr.   Cham). 


both  within  the  compass  of  the  eye.  The  Mule,  joining  the  Severn  at  Aber-Mule,  flows 
from  the  neighbourhood  of  Kerry,  the  ancient  comot  of  Ceri,  in  Maelienydd — where  the 
Kerry  hills  form  the  watershed,  directing  the  Mule  to  the  west,  to  find  the  shortest  course  to 
the  "  Sandy  Severn,"  and  the  Caebitra  to  the  east,  first  to  visit  Church  Stoke,  and  blend  its 
waters  with  the  Camlan,  and  then  to  proceed  northward  under  the  Corndon  Hill,  in  front  of 
Gunley,  and  here  turn  abruptly  westward  to  meet  the  Severn  about  a  mile  below  Aber-Rhiw 
(Berriew).  On  the  banks  of  this  stream,  between  Cherbury  and  its  entrance  into  the  Severn, 
several  tumuli  arid  barrows  are  noticed.  The  locality  is  redolent  of  historic  associations, 
and  is  apparently  marked  by  several  pre-historic  monuments,  such  as  the  barrows  of  Hbi 
Dontmen,  Maen  Beuno,  &c.  Caer  Flos,  on  the  Severn,  is  said  to  be  a  Roman  camp. 

The  Bechan  river  comes  down  from  the  high  and  comparatively  bleak  region  of  Carno 
and  Tregynon,  passing  the  noble  mansion  of  Gregynog  (Hon.  H.  Hanbury  Tracy ;  see  also 


DESCRIPTIVE  ACCOUNT  :  CONCRETE  COTTAGES. 


803 


Sudcley,  Lord,  of  Toddington  and  Gregynog),  the  ancient  home  of  the  Blayneys.  Gregynog 
is  situated  on  the  breezy  upper  lands  of  Tregynon  ;  the  park  sloping  down  towards  the 
margin  of  the  rapid  Bechan  ("  the  small " — in  contrast  with  the  larger  Severn,  to  which  it 
hastens),  and  judiciously  planted  with  groves  of  various  species  of  pine  and  other  forest 
trees  adapted  to  the  ground.  The  mansion,  of  recent  erection,  though  not  built  of  timber  is 
in  imitation  of  the  ancient  timbered  houses,  and  parts  of  the  interior  consist  of  portions  of 
the  older  house,  the  wainscoting  and  mantel-pieces  of  one  or  two  of  the  apartments 
exhibiting  exquisite  specimens  of  elaborate  oak  carvings,  and  some  of  the  new  parts  in 
concrete  work,  made  to  imitate  pannelled  and  moulded  oak  wainscoting. 

Mr.  Tracy,  whose  care  and  judgment  are  visible,  not  only  in  the  planning  and  ornamenta- 
tion of  the  mansion,  but  generally  on  the  estate,  has  set  to  the  landowners  of  Wales  an 
example  in  cottage-building,  which  it  is  to  be  hoped  will  be  extensively  followed.  He  has 
adopted  the  method  of  building  with  concrete  as  a  substitute  for  stone  or  brick,  and  has 


COTTAGES  ON  THE  GREGYNOG  ESTATE,  BUILT  OF  CONCRETE. 


proved  that  the  whole  of  a  house,  including  the  roof,  mouldings  and  mullions  of  windows, 
doorways,  &c.,  can  be  built  of  concrete,  and  at  a  cost  little  exceeding  one-half  that  of  the 
ordinary  mode  of  building.  But  the  economy  of  the  first  erection  is  but  a  small  part  of  the 
merits  of  this  method.  The  building,  if  well  done,  is  almost  imperishable.  As  a  habitation 
it  is  warmer  in  winter  and  cooler  in  summer  than  if  built  of  stone  and  covered  with  slate. 
The  materials  are  not  dependent  on  stone  quarries,  or  brick-clay ;  the  gravel  from  a  river- 
bed, old  bricks  pounded  into  small  fragments,  or  any  stony  rubbish,  and  cement,  being  all 
that  is  wanted.  In  many  parts  of  the  country,  more  especially  in  the  alluvial  plains  of 
England,  stone  cannot  be  got  at  reasonable  cost,  and  brick-making  stuff  is  often  poor  and  hard 
to  get.  The  usual  building  materials  of  every  kind  are  now  high  in  price,  and  the  cottages 
of  the  poor  on  many  estates  are  more  comfortless  than  the  dog-kennels  and  stables.  Mr. 
Tracy,  in  Montgomeryshire,  has  proved  how  easy  it  is  for  the  landlord  to  study  at  once 

3  G 


806  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

economy  of  management  and  beneficence  towards  the  tenantry ;  and  if  a  few  gentlemen 
in  each  county  would  "go  and  do  likewise,"  the  advantage  to  the  health,  morals,  and 
comfort  of  the  people  would  soon  be  great  beyond  calculation.  The  rickety  mud  hovel  with 
its  pitted  earth-floor  and  rotting,  leaking  roof,  would  be  replaced  by  the  neat  and  durable 
cottage  with  solid  pavement  and  equally  solid  roof,  requiring  next  to  no  repairs,  making 
cleanliness  easy,  and  inspiring  the  peasant  with  proper  self-respect,  mingled  with  gratitude  to 
his  landlord.  A  snug  and  handsome  cottage  suggests,  and  almost  of  necessity  leads  to 
neatness  of  dress,  a  neatly  kept  garden,  and  the  culture  of  flowers — matters  of  "  taste  and 
refinement "  within  the  province  and  reach  of  the  poor,  and  no  mean  appendages  to  the 
acres  of  the  wealthy. 

Newtown,  a  name  translated  from  the  earlier  Welsh  Y  Dref-newydd,  was  formerly  known 
only  as  a  parish  church  by  the  name  of  Llanfair  yn  Nghedewain,  "  The  Church  of  Mary  in  (the 
cantref  of)  Cedewain ; "  and  it  is  probable  that  when  the  place  grew  from  a  hamlet  into  a 
small  town  it  was  dignified  with  the  present  designation  in  allusion  to  the  old  Roman 
settlement  of  Caersws,  which  had  fallen  into  decay.  Here  is  Newtown  Hall,  for  many 
generations  the  home  of  the  Price  family  (see  Price  of  Newtown  Half) ;  and  in  the  vicinity 
are  Glan-hafren  (Col.  G.  Edward  Herbert);  Dolforgati  Hall  (James  Walton,  Esq., 
formerly  Long);  Aberhavesp  (formerly  Morgan) ;  Glan-meheli  (formerly  Price) ;  Dolfor 
(formerly  Evans) ;  Givtrnygp  (formerly  Lloyd) ;  Kerry  (formerly  Evans) ;  Fronfelen 
(J.  P.  Davies,  Esq.). 

As  we  move  towards  Llanidloes,  leaving  to  the  rightj  at  the  distance  of  five  or  six  miles 
from  the  high-road,  the  fatal  field  of  Carno— the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  bloody  battles 
recorded  in  the  annals  of  Wales,  fought  in  1077,  when  Gruffydd  ap  Cynan,  rightful  Prince 
of  N.  Wales  defeated  the  usurper,  Trahaearn  ap  Caradog,  we  pass  Llandinam  Hall  (Capt. 
Crewe-Read,  R.N.),  an  ancient  timbered  mansion  of  picturesque  appearance  and  curious 
history;  Maesmawr  (formerly  Blayney,  and  Davies);  Berth-ddu  (Thos.  William  Hare,  Esq.); 
the  ancient  mansion  of  Perth-lwyd  (long  the  residence  of  the  Lloyds).  In  the  close 
neighbourhood  of  Llanidloes  is  Mount-Severn,  the  delightfully  situated  residence  of  Col. 
Hunter,  embosomed  in  richly  wooded  grounds,  and,  looking  down  on  the  youthful  Severn  as 
it  takes  a  sharp  turn  towards  the  famous  valley  which,  from  Llanidloes  to  the  Salop  border,  it 
fills  with  beauty  and  fertility.  Here  also  is  Dol-y-llys,  often  written  "  Dollys  "  (formerly 
Owen) ;  Pen-y-Green  (John  Jenkins,  Esq.) ;  at  the  Vicarage  is  Rev.  J.  Harris  Jones,  M.A., 
Vicar  of  Llanidloes.  At  no  great  distance  from  Llanidloes  is  Clochfaen  (J.  Yonde  W.  Lloyd, 
Esq.),  an  ancient  place,  and  the  home  of  one  of  the  old  families  of  Montgomeryshire,  long 
resident  also  at  Plas  Madoc,  Denbighshire. 

Between  Llanidloes  and  Machynlleth  extend  the  ancient  comots  of— 

Uwch-coed,  cantref  of  Aruystli,  and— 
Cyfeiti0g?ca.ntref  of  Cynan  : 

Carno  and  Caersws  being  in  the  former,  and  Machynlleth,  Penegos,  Cemmaes,  &c.,  in  the 
latter.     Few  comots  in  Wales  abound  more  in  remains  of  sepulchral  antiquity  than  that  of 


DESCRIPTIVE  ACCOUNT  OF  MOUNT-SEVERN. 


807 


Uwch-Coed.  Within  its  boundaries  between  Llanidloes,  Carno  and  Caersws,  are  the  cairns  or 
barrows  of  Pen-y-Castell ;  Cam ;  Pen-y-Glyn  ;  Pen-y-Castell ;  y  Gaer ;  Cefn-Carnedd,  near 
Llandinan  Hall ;  Caersws ;  the  menhir  of  Argoed ;  Castell  Caer  Noddfa ;  Carno  (a  real 
Roman  fortress) ;  Twr-Gwyn-mawr ;  Careg-hir,  &c.,  a  multitude  of  monuments,  some  historic, 
some  pre-historic,  sufficiently  attesting  the  important  transactions  of  this  locality  in  early 
times.  Under  some  of  these  tumuli  repose  the  ashes  of  those  stretched  in  death  on  the 
field  of  Carno  eight  hundred  years  ago.  The  frequent  caers  and  entrenched  camps  were 
used  in  all  ages  from  pre-Roman  to  post-Norman  times.  The  menhirs  may  have  kept 
watch  over  all  the  movements  of  contending  mortals  for  3,000  years ;  but  for  what  other 
purpose  set  up  no  record  or  sign  remains  to  tell. 

In  the  churchyard  of  Carno  are  some  venerable  yews,  which  must  have  been  sturdy  trees 
when  Gruffydd  ap  Cynan  won  the  memorable  battle  of  1077.    On  the  way  towards  Machynlleth 


MOUNT-SEVERN— THE  SEAT  OF  COL.  WILLIAM  HUNTER  (from  a  photo,  tyj.  Owen.) 

we  pass  Plas  Llysin  (W.  H.  Adams,  Esq.),  and  at  Talerddig  come  not  only  to  a  parting  of 
the  roads,  but  to  a  high  ground  which  forms  a  parting  of  the  waters — turning  the  Carno 
river  eastward  to  join  the  Severn,  and  another  stream,  rushing  wildly  for  scenes  more 
picturesque,  westward  towards  the  Dyfi.  At  Tafolwern,  a  remarkable  locality  for  tumuli, 
menhirs,  and  cairns,  this  prattling  stream  is  joined  by  two  others  from  opposite  sides, 
the  one  from  the  foot  of  Penllyman  (Plinlimmon),  the  other  from  the  direction  of  Mallwyd, 
their  intersecting  valleys  crowding  upon  this  spot  a  variety  of  landscape  beauty, truly  charming  to 
the  observant  traveller.  At  some  distance  to  the  left  is  Ceniarth  (Pritchard  Pritchard,  Esq.) ; 
on  the  left  is  Rhiwsaeson,  the  ancient  abode  of  the  Owens ;  and  nearer  Machynlleth  the 
venerable  Mathafarn,  where  lived  the  celebrated  bard,  Dafydd  Llwyd,  who  entertained  for 
the  night  Henry  Tudor,  Earl  of  Richmond,  on  his  way  in  1485  to  Bosworth  Field  and 
the  throne  of  England  (see  p.  686).  The  bards  of  those  days  were  supposed  to  hold  some 


8o8  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

converse  with  the  occult  powers,  and  to  be  able  like  the  ancient  seers  to  prognosticate 
events.  It  is  said  that  the  Earl  of  Richmond  sought  from  Dafydd  Llwyd  some  forecasting 
of  his  fortune.  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  his  friend  in  the  south,  we  have  seen,  pursued  a 
similar  course  (see  p.  242).  Dafydd  Llwyd,  not  over-confident  in  his  own  prophetic  power, 
took  the  wise  course  of  consulting  his  wife,  who  with  the  instinctive  wisdom  of  her  sex 
promptly  helped  him  out  of  his  difficulty.  Said  she  in  effect,  "  Foretell  success,  to  be  sure  ! 
for  if  it  prove  true,  your  character  is  established;  and  if  false,  why,  then  the  Earl  of  Richmond 
will  not  return  to  reproach  you.  As  it  turned  out  Henry  was  successful,  and  Dafydd  Llwyd 
of  Mathafarn  gained  a  great  accession  to  his  fame. 

Near  Rhiwsaeson  are  two  tumuli  of  some  note,  and  on  the  top  of  the  Cemmaes  hill  a 
cairn  called  Carnedd-Cerrig.  To  the  south,  near  Darowen,  are  the  two  menhirs  called 
meini  llwydion  ("  the  grey  stones  "),  and  the  camp  of  Fron-goch. 

Plas  Machynlleth,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  Vane,  adjoins  the  town  of  Machynlleth,  whose 
chief  monument  of  antiquity  is  the  fragment  that  survives  of  the  parliament-house  of  Owen 
Glyndwr.  Here  that  intrepid  chieftain  in  1402,  two  years  after  he  first  unfurled  the  banner 
of  insurrection  against  Henry  IV.,  called  together  a  parliament  of  Wales,  and  wore  the  title 
of  Prince  of  Wales  (see  pp.  384,  386);  and  here  poor  impetuous  Sir  David  Gam  attempted 
a  dastardly  deed  which  only  brought  him  grief  and  left  his  name  under  dishonour  (see 
p.  91).  Llynlloedd,  the  residence  of  the  Owens  in  the  sixteenth  century  (now  Richard 
Gillart,  Esq.)  ;  Dolguog  (David  Howell,  Esq.),  where  tradition  relates  that  Llywarch  Hen, 
after  the  disastrous  battle  of  Rhiwaedog,  occupied  a  cell,  and  sought  solace  in  the  tones  of 
his  harp  and  the  exercise  of  poetry ;  Morben  (formerly  Owens),  on  the  extreme  western 
angle  of  the  county;  Lltigwy,  Talgarth  Hall,  Pant-lludw,  and  Glanwern,  already  noticed 
under  Merioneth,  are  the  chief  residences  around  Machynlleth. 

Out  of  our  view  as  we  followed  the  course  of  the  Severn,  and  marked  the  great  estates 
and  family  abodes  enlivening  its  margin,  was  the  venerable  Llwydiarth,  a  lordly  and 
renowned  place  in  the  seventeenth  century.  (See  Vaitghan  of  Llwydiarth^)  The  great 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  Charles  II. 's  Lieutenant  and  Lord  President  in  Wales  and  the  Marches, 
found,  in  1684,  that  Llwydiarth  and  Powis  Castle  were  the  two  places  in  Montgomeryshire 
suitable  to  entertain  him  and  his  numerous  retinue.  Mr.  Dineley,  his  Grace's  secretary, 
though  ignorant  of  the  name  of  the  "county,"  and  puzzled  about  the  spelling  of  Llwydiarth, 
was  evidently  pleased  with  the  reception  given  his  master  at  that  place. 

From  Rhiwlas  "his  Grace  went  on  his  progress  to  Mr.  Vaughan  of  Lloydyarth, 
Lloydwersht,  or  Lloyddwecht.  Thither  from  Bala  you  are  directed  by  guides,  by  reason  of 
dangerous  bogges  in  the  passage,  after  the  precepitous  ascents  and  descents  near  Bala. 

"Wednesday,  July  30,  1684. — His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  Lord  President  of  Wales, 
&c.,  came  to  Lloydyarth,  the  seat  of  Vaughan,  Esq.,  in  the  county  of,  ....  attended 
with  the  Lord  Worcester,  Sir  John  Talbot,  and  several  gentlemen  of  the  county,  where  a 
noble  enterteinement  was  provided,  with  good  standing  and  provender  for  above  ninety 
horse.  Here  his  Grace  made  a  stay  all  night,  with  all  knights,  gentlemen,  &c.,  of  his 
company  and  retinue.  Having  entered  the  court  through  the  porch,  over  the  entrance  into 
the  house  are  these  arms  cut  in  stone  : — the  first  hath  a  wolf's  head  erased,  and  the  shield 
beareth  a  chevron  between  3  wolves'  heads  erased,  by  the  name  of  Vaughan  of  Lloydyarth."  [The 
second  escutcheon  was  figured  quarterly :  ist,  a  goat  passant ;  ]  "  The  2nd  coat  is  a  chevron 


GEOLOGY  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  809 

between  3  cocks  arg.  armed,  crested,  jelloped,  by  the  name  of  .  .  .  ;  the  third  is  arg., 
a  cross  between  four  lyoncells  rampant  gules ;  the  fourth  is  gules,  a  lion  rampant  regardant 
or." — (Beaufort  Progress.) 


SECTION  II.— GEOLOGY  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

The  geology  of  this  county  exhibits  a  considerable  variety  of  rocks  of  the  primary  series, 
commencing,  in  point  of  greatest  age,  in  that  part  of  the  county  between  Machynlleth  and 
Llanidloes,  where  the  Llandeilo  (Lower  Silurian)  formation  almost  alone  prevails,  and  ending 
in  the  greatly  more  recent  but  still  enormously  old  Permian  group,  on  the  east  of  the 
Briedden,  and  other  spots  near  Welshpool. 

A  large  extent  of  ground  in  the  middle  of  Montgomeryshire,  stretching  between  irregular 
lines  from  about  Garthmyl  to  Garthbeibio  and  thence  to  Llangynog,  belongs  to  the  Caradoc 
group,  and  adjoining  this,  to  the  north-east,  from  the  Kerry  Hills  by  Newtown  round  by 
Llanfair  Caereinion  to  Welshpool,  the  Wenlock  group  (Upper  Silurian)  bears  almost 
exclusive  control.  In  the  valley  of  the  Severn,  from  Montgomery  to  the  junction  with  that 
river  of  the  Vyrnwy,  a  narrow  strip  on  either  side  the  stream  consists  of  the  Llandeilo  ;  and 
the  same  formation  obtains  along  the  Vyrnwy  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Dolgoed  and 
Garthlwyd  about  the  confluence  of  the  Einion  and  the  Banw,  by  Mathrafal,  Meifod, 
Llanfyllin,  and  Llansantffraid  to  the  Severn. 

The  most  complex  part  of  the  geology  of  this  county  is  found  about  Welshpool,  and  the 
Breidden  and  Corndon  Hills,  where  the  stratified  rocks  of  the  Silurian  system  have  been 
shattered  and  pierced  by  eruptive  masses  of  a  truly  volcanic  character.  Corndon  Hill,  as 
Professor  Ramsey  has  shown  in  a  section  of  the  North  Wales  strata,  has  an  enormous  core, 
1,700  feet  high,  of  igneous  materials.  The  sedimentary  rocks  of  the  Llandeilo  series  have 
been  penetrated  by  large  masses  of  eruptive  trap  in  a  state  of  fusion,  and  in  the  process 
been  thrown  into  undulating  and  irregular  forms  all  around.  The  eruptive  rocks  in  and 
around  the  Corndon  Mountain,  and  in  the  neighbouring  mineral  district  of  Shelve,  are 
chiefly  coarse-grained  hornblendic  greenstone  and  felspar,  passing,  as  Murchison  says, 
into  basalt.  The  shale  or  schist  in  contact  with  the  eruptive  rock  has  been  often  cemented 
into  a  complete  porcellanite,  "  with  surfaces  as  smooth  as  the  finest  lithographic  stone." 

"  The  Breidden  hills,  including  the  picturesque  Moel-y-Golfa,"  says  Murchison,  "  also 
exhibit  illustrations  both  of  contemporaneously  bedded  trap,  and  of  posterior  or  intrusive 
rocks  which  have  broken  out  along  the  same  line  at  different  periods."  From  the  terrace  of 
Powis  Castle  the  lower  Silurian  volcanic  masses  of  the  Breidden  are  seen  distinctly  on  the 
left,  separated  by  a  small  valley  and  the  Shrewsbury  high-road  from  the  upper  Silurian,  or 
Ludlow  non-volcanic  mass  of  the  Long  Mountain  on  the  right.  Rodney's  Pillar  on  the 
Breidden  stands  on  a  compact  cone  of  volcanic  rock.  The  site  of  Powis  Castle  is  on  the 
highly  inclined  edges  of  lower  Silurian  rocks,  thrown  into  this  position  from  the  horizontal 
line  of  their  deposition  by  the  volcanic  disturbance,  and  we  are  not  without  evidence  that, 
after  this  disturbance  took  place,  during  long  ages  of  tranquillity,  a  carboniferous  deposit 
covered  up  the  jagged  edges  of  the  lower  Silurian,  which  deposit  in  its  turn,  along  with  a 


Sio  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

later  stratum  of  new  red  sandstone  (seen  plainly  on  the  road  from  Welshpool  towards 
Caerynwch)  was  again  broken  up  by  another  eruptive  disturbance.  The  legend  says  that 
the  pool  at  Welshpool  has  no  bottom ;  •  it  is  highly  probable,  considering  the  violent  agencies 
which  geology  shows  at  work  in  the  district  in  the  far  past,  that  many  pits,  fiery,  and  all  but 
bottomless,  once  existed  hereabouts.  Legends  often  carry  with  them  echoes  of  truth  more 
marvellous  than  themselves. 


SECTION  III.— OLD  AND  EXTINCT  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

As  a  Marcher  district  this  county  experienced  a  wholesale  devastation  of  its  old  Cymric 
houses.  During  800  years  of  an  iron  oppression,  which  had  little  mercy  to  show  the  natives 
either  in  goods  or  person,  scores  of  households  of  gentle  and  even  of  princely  blood  melted 
away  into  a  blank  oblivion,  only  better  than  an  existence  subject  to  the  ignominy  of  the 
Norman's  rule.  Their  names  are  confided  to  the  "  Silences."  Notwithstanding  this,  and 
the  second  hurricane  of  desolation  which  passed  over  the  county  in  the  Tudor  period,  when 
the  hasty  Cymric  furor  of  the  eighth  Henry,  and  of  Elizabeth  in  part,  sought  to  regenerate 
Wales  by  extinguishing  everything  distinctively  national  in  language,  law,  custom,  a  goodly 
number  of  families  had  survived  who  could  trace  their  origin  to  an  honourable,  and  many  to 
a  princely  parentage.  Add  to  these  the  new  comers  of  alien  blood  but  of  patrician  lineage, 
or  of  common  lineage  but  happy  fortune,  who  in  time  had  come  to  like  the  land  which  gave 
them  plenty,  and  identify  themselves  in  feeling,  language,  religion,  with  the  native  popu- 
lation, and  we  have  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  a  host  of  households  in 
Montgomeryshire  of  good  consideration  and  competent  means.  But  two  hundred  years 
have  wrought  havoc  among  them  almost  equal  to  the  desolations  of  a  conquest.  An 
enormous  proportion  have  given  place  to  others.  The  manor-house  has  become  a  tenant 
farmer's  abode ;  the  moated  castle  has  been  covered  by  the  greensward  ;  the  halls  that 
echoed  to  the  voices  of  generation  after  generation  of  the  same  lineage,  have  been  inhabited 
by  the  casual  and  temporary  tenant.  At  Newton  Hall,  Llwydiarth,  Maesmawr,  Dolarddyn, 
Trelydan,  Abertanat,  Aberbechan,  Leighton,  Vaynor,  Nantcribba,  Bodfach,  Peniarth,  Dol- 
forgan,  Aberhavesp,  Blackball,  Dol-llys,  Berth-lwyd,  Llynllo,  Dolguog,  Morben,  and  many 
others,  the  hand  of  time  has  left  its  mark,  and  in  many  cases  we  inquire  in  vain  for  the  old 
names,  except  at  the  sculptured  marble  in  the  parish  church.  Here  and  there  the  change 
has  brought  a  benefit,  but  in  many  instances  the  reverse. 

The  following  are  a  few  of  the  chief  old  Montgomeryshire  families  now  extinct,  or 
surviving  only  in  different  collateral  and  female  descents  : — 

Vaughan  of  Llwydiarth,  descended  from  Uchtryd  ap  Aleth,  Prince  of  Dyfed,  and  extinct 
through  the  marriage  of  Anne,  heiress  of  Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (see  Vaughan  of  Glan-llyn 
and  Llwydiarth},  with  the  great-grandfather  of  the  present  Sir  Watkin  Williams  Wynn  of 
Wynnstay  (who  now  in  virtue  of  that  marriage  enjoys  the  estates  of  Llwydiarth  and  Llange- 
dwyn) ;  Price  of  Newton,  from  Tudor  Trevor,  founder  of  the  tribe  of  the  Marchers;  Pugh 
of  Mathafarn,  from  Gwyddno  Garanhir,  Lord  of  Merioneth,  whose  representative,  John 
Pugh,  was  member  for  Montgomery  till  1718,  whose  estates  were  sold  in  1752  to  the  then 
possessor  of  Wynnstay  ;  Blayney  of  Tregynon  and  Gregynog,  from  Brochwel  Ysgythrog,  Prince 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  8u 

of  Powys,  and  long  settled  at  Gregynog,  Aberbechan,  and  Maesmawr  (Llandinam),  &c.  (see 
Lewis  Gfyn  Colhi,  p.  43 1 ) ;  Owen  of  Rhiu>saeson,  of  the  tribe  of  Tudor  Trevor,  not  long 
extinct;  Tanat  of  Aber-Tanat  (a  surname  assumed  from  the  river  of  that  name),  also  settled 
at  Broniarth,  Guilsfield,  of  the  line  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Prince  of  Powys,  through  his 
grandson  Madoc,  extinct  in  the  male  line  with  the  death  of  Owen  Tanat,  Esq.,  of  Abertanat, 
whose  distant  descendant,  Mary  Godolphin,  conveyed  the  estates  by  marriage  to  the  Owens 
of  Porkington  (Brogyntyn),  in  whose  representative,  Mr.  Ormsby-Gore,  they  now  vest  (see 
Ormsby-Gore  of  Gfyn,  Mer.) ;  Kyffin  of  Bodfach,  Llanfyllin  (thirteenth  century),  tracing 
from  Einion  Efell,  great-grandson  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  assumed  the  surname  Cyffin  from 
a  place  so  called  in  Llangedwyn,  and  ended  in  an  heiress,  who  married  Adam  Price,  of 
Glannriheli  (Yorke,  Royal  Tribes);  Lloyd  of  Perth-lwyd,  Llanidloes,  according  to  Dwnn 
descended  from  Tudor  Trevor's  tribe,  but  others  say  from  Rhys  Goch  ap  Llewelyn  Aurdorchog, 
of  lal,  long  extinct,  and  estates  passed  first  to  Lloyds  of  Pontruffydd,  Flint,  and  thence 
to  the  Mostyns. 

The  descendants  of  Brochiuel  Ysgythrog,  Prince  of  Powys,  as  late  as  the  seventeenth 
century  were  numerous  in  Montgomeryshire,  and  owners  of  much  territory;  but  at  the 
present  time  there  is  not  a  single  land-owning  family  of  this  lineage  in  the  county.  Of  this 
clan  were,  besides  the  Blayneys,  of  Gregynog,  already  named — whose  name  now  survives 
only  in  Ireland,  in  Lord  Blayney  of  Castle  Blayney,  co.  Monaghan, —  Wynn  of  Garth^ 
Guilsfield,  passed  into  Myttons  through  marriage  of  Dorothy,  the  heiress  (1718),  to  Richard 
Mytton,  of  Pont-is-Cowryd  (see  Mytton  of  Gart/i)  ;  Lloyd  of  Moel-y-garth;  Lloyd  of  Broniarth, 
Maesmawr,  and  Trawscoed  in  Guilsfield;  Lloyd  of  Gwernygo  ;  Penrhyn  of  Rhysnant,  from 
Gruffydd  Deuddwr,  descendant  of  Gwyn  ap  Gruffydd,  Lord  of  Guilsfield, — pedigree  taken  in 
1586  by  Dwnn;  Williams  of  Willaston,  Alberbury,  a  prominent  family,  gave  several  sheriffs 
to  Mont,  (see  Sheriffs,  1546,  1560,  &c)  ;  Wynn  of  Dolarddyn,  Castle  Caer  Einion ;  Lloyd  of 
Morton,  in  Chirbury;  Lloyd  of  Glan-havon ;  Price  of  Manafon;  Lloyd  of  Hem,  or  great 
Haim  (Dwnn),  in  Forden  ;  Lloyd  of  Leighton  ;  Jones  of  Welshpool ;  Lloyd  of  Gungrog-fawr, 
and  many  others. 


SECTION  IV.— HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE,  FROM 
A.D.  1541  TO  A.D.  1872. 

In  the  attempt  to  ascertain  who  were  men  of  consideration  in  the  county  at  different 
periods  during  the  last  three  hundred  years,  the  roll  of  high  sheriffs  is  of  most  valuable 
assistance.  Here  an  authentic  record  nearly  free  from  error,  and  distorted  by  no  false 
colouring,  is  preserved  of  those  who  in  the  estimation  of  the  sovereign  and  their  compeers 
were  most  entitled  to  the  honour  and  fittest  for  the  duties  of  so  important  an  office.  In  this 
roll  is  included  a  considerable  number  of  heads  of  houses  which  have  now  no  known 
representatives.  Some  have  had  a  persistent  vitality,  and  still  continue  in  vigour. 

In  the  valuable  series  of  the  Montgomeryshire  Collections,  vol.  ii.,  p.  185  et  seq.,  is  a  list  of 
the  sheriffs  of  the  co.  of  Montgomery  up  to  1626,  by  the  Rev.  W.  V.  Lloyd,  M.A.  It  shows 
the  result  of  careful  research  in  the  public  records,  and  has  been  collated  with  an  imperfect 
calendar  of  sheriffs  published  in  the  Gwilicdydd,  1828.  This  corrected  list  has  been  relied 


812 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


upon  in  drawing  up  the  following  roll.  Morris  C.  Jones,  Esq.,  F.S.  A.,  has  given  his  valuable 
aid  with  respect  to  sheriffs  subsequent  'to  1828.  It  is  regretted  that  from  want  of  space  the 
biographical  and  genealogical  notices  of  the  earlier  sheriffs  which  Mr.  Lloyd  has  supplied, 
and  which  are  so  interesting  as  illustrative  of  the  old  families  of  Montgomeryshire,  cannot 
here  be  introduced. 


HENRY  VIII. 

Humphrey  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Leighton  [was  grand- 
son of  Sir  Gruffydd  Vaughan,  Kt.,  Lord 
of  Burgerdyn,  Garth,  &c.  in  Guilsfield]  ;  de- 
scended from  Brochwel  Ysgythrog,  and  bore 
his  reputed  arms  —  Sa,,  three  nags  heads 
erased,  2  and  I  arg.  .... 

Sir  Robert  Acton,  Kt.,  of  Acton  Hall,  Wor. 
[was  Lord  of  Dauddwr  ("Deythur")  in 
Mont.  Arms  :  Gu.,  a  fesse  and  bordure 
eng  railed  ermine]  ..... 

Lewis  Jones,  Esq.  [or  ap  John,  son  of  John 
=  John's.  Of  him  little  is  known]  .  . 

Gruffydd  ap  David  ap  John,  Esq.    .         .         . 

Lewis  Jones,  Esq.  [same  as  for  1543]       .         . 

Reginald  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Willaston,  Alber- 
bury.  [Arms  of  Brochwel  Ysgythrog: 
Sa.,  3  nags'  heads  erased  arg-.]  .  . 

EDWARD  VI. 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Park,  Llanwnog 
[3rd  son  of  Sir  Richard  Herbert.  Arms  of 
Herbert  :  Az.  and  gu.,  3  lions  rampant 

"I"          ......    .    ... 

Matthew  Price,  Esq.,  of  Newtown  [Quarterly: 
I  and  4,  gu.,  a  lion  rampant  regardant 
or  ;  2  and  3,  arg.,  3  boars'  heads  couped 
sa.,  languid  gu.,  tusked  or]  .  .  . 

Robert  Acton,  Esq.,  Lord  of  Deythur  (Deu- 
ddwr),  [son  probably  of  Sheriff  for  1542. 
Same  arms.  The  lordship  of  Deu-ddwr, 
"the  two  waters,"  was  in  the  fork  of  the 
two  meeting  rivers,  Vyrnwy  and  Severn]  . 

Sir  Robert  Acton,  Kt.  [the  Sheriff  for  1542]    . 

James  Leeche,  Esq.  [probably  of  Newton]       . 

Edward  Leighton,  Esq.,  of  Wattlesborough 
[knighted  1591.  Quarterly,  per  fesse  in- 
dented or  and  git.]  ..... 

Nicholas  Purcell,  Esq.  (prob.  of  Shrewsbury). 
[Of  the  line  of  Purcells  of  Marton,  Salop. 
Barry  nebulee  arg.  and  gu.,  over  alia  bend 
sa.,  3  boars'  heads  couped  of  the  first]  . 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 

Richard  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Ednop  (Edenhope). 
(Arms  from  Elystan  Glodrudd,  same  as 
those  under  1548]  .... 

Richard  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Ednop  (the  same)     . 

Henry  Acton,  Esq.,  LordofDeythur(Deuddwr). 
[Prob.  resident  at  Acton  Hall,  Wor.  See 
under  1542]  ...... 

Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Blackball,  or  Lymore. 
[4th  son  of  Sir  Richard  Herbert  of  Mont- 


1541 


1542 

1543 
1544 
1545 


1546 


1547 


1548 


1549 
1550 
1551 


1552 


1553 


1554 
1555 


A.D. 

gomery  (but  his  eldest  son  by  his  wife 
Anne),  and  grandfather  of  Lord  Herbert 
of  Chirbury.  Was  a  successful  soldier  in 
France,  &c.,  "acquired  so  much  money 
that  he  was  enabled  to  purchase  the  greater 
part  of  the  estates  which  descended  to  the 
Lords  Herbert  of  Criirbury."  L.  Herb,  of 

CAirb.] 1557 

Lewis  Jones,  Esq.    [The  Sheriff  for  1543]         .     1558 

ELIZABETH. 

John  Herbert,  Esq.  ("of  Cemmaes").  [Brother 
of  Sheriff  for  1557.  Dwnn,  Her.  Visit., 
i.,  312,  describes  him  as  "of  Kemmes"]. 

Thomas  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Willaston.  [Eldest 
son  of  Sheriff  for  1546.  Arms  the  same] 

Randolph  Hanmer,  Esq.,  of  Penley,  Flint. 
[Of  the  Hanmers  of  Hanmer.  Arg.,  two 
lions  passant  guardant  az.,  armed  and 
langued  gu.]  ...... 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Eglwyseg-le,  Llanfyllin. 
[From  lestyn  ap  Gwrgant,  whose  arms, 
Gu.,  3  chevronels  arg.,  quartered  with 
those  of  Alo  ap  Rhiwallon,  Or,  3  lions' 
heads  erased  gu.  in  a  bordure  engrailed  iz0.] 

Andrew  Vavasour,  Esq.,  of  Newtown.  [Of 
Norman  origin.  Mauger  le  Vavasour 
came  to  England  with  the  Conqueror. 
He  held  office  of  king's  "valvasour,"  a 
degree  little  inferior  to  that  of  baron — 
Camden.  Or,  a  fesse  indented  sa.~\  . 

George  Beynon  [ap  Einion],  Esq.,  residence 
uncertain  ...... 

Rhys  ap  Morris  ap  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Aber- 
bechan.  [Line  of  Brochwel  Ysgythrog, 
prince  of  Powys.  A  cadet  of  the  Mirlir 
Grug  or  Blayney  branch  of  the  tribe  of 
Brochwel  ( Lloyd  in  Montgom.  Coll.)  Sa., 
three  nags'  heads  erased  arg.]  . 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Newtown  Hall.  [Eldest 
son  of  Sheriff  for  1548.  Was  M.P.  for 
Mont.  bor.  1558,  1562,  1567.  See  Parl. 
Annals ;  also  Card.  Sheriffs,  1568] 

Richard  Salway,  Esq.  (residence  uncertain). 
[Held  office  ofChief  Steward  to  the  Actons, 
Lords  of  Deythur.  Sa.,  a  saltire  en- 
grailed or]  ...... 

Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Lymore  (same  as 
for  1557) 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Park,  Llanwnog. 
[Sheriff  for  1547.  Herbert  arms]  . 

Thomas  Tanat,  Esq.,  of  Aber-tanat.  [See 
Tanal  of  Aber-  Tanal  and  Broniarth.  Per 


1559 
1560 

1561 
1562 


1563 
1564 


IS6S 
1566 

1567 
1568 
1569 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


A.D. 

Jesse  sa.  and  arg.,  a  lion  rampant  counter- 

changed] I57O 

Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Plas-is-Clawdd,  Chirk. 

[From  Tudor  Trevor,     Per  bend  sinister 

ermine  and  ermines  a  lion  rampant  or~\      .     157' 

Robert    Puleston,    Esq.,    of    Havod-y-Wern, 

Denb.     [Of  the  Emral  stock.      Sa.,  three 

mullets  or] 1572 

John  Trevor,  Esq.,  of  Trevalyn,  or  "Alington." 
[M.  dau.  of  Sir  John  Bruges,  Kt.,  of 
London;  d.  1589,  bur.  at  St.  Bride's, 
Fleet  St.  Of  line  of  Tudor  Trevor,  and 
used  his  arms,  as  under  1571]  .  .  .  1573 
David  Lloyd  ap  Jenkin,  Esq.,  of  Perth-lwyd. 
Quart. :  I  and  4,  ermine,  a  lion  rampant 
sa.  ;  2  and  3,  ermine  and  ermines,  a  lion 

rampant  or] 1574 

John  Herbert,  Esq.  (same  as  Sheriff  1559)      .      1575 
Richard   Herbert,    Esq.,   of  Park,   Llanwnog. 
[Eldest  son  of  William  Herbert,   Sheriff 

for  1547] 1576 

David   Lloyd    Blayney,    Esq.,    of    Gregynog. 

[From  Brochwel  Ysgythrog.  See /.no].  1577 
Arthur  Price,  Esq.,  of  Vaynor  .  .  .1578 
Richard  ap  Morris,  Esq.  ....  1579 
Thomas  Jukes,  Esq.,  of  Buttington  .  .  1580 
Griffith  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Maesmawr  .  .  1581 
Morgan  Gwyn,  Esq.,  of  Llanidloes  .  .  1582 
John  Owen  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Llwydiarth  .  1583 
Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Park  .  .  .  1584 
David  Lloyd  Blayney,  Esq.  [See  1577].  .  1585 

John  Price,  Esq 1586 

David   Lloyd  Jenkin,    Esq.    (prob.   of  Perth- 
lwyd       .     1587 

Jenkin  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Perth-lwyd          .         .     1588 

William  Williams,  Esq 1589 

Morgan  Meredith,  Esq 1590 

Sir  Richard  Pryse,  |Kt.,  [of  Gogerddan,  Card. 
He  m.   Gwenllian,  d.  and  h.  of  Thomas 
ap   Morys   ap   Owen   ap   Evan  Blaen  of 
Aber-bechan,  Mont.]       ....     1591 
Sir  Edward  Leighton,  Esq.     .         .         .         .     I592 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton  .         .         .     1593 
Reginald  Williams,  of  Willaston     .         .         .     1594 
Francis  Newton,  Esq.,  of  Heightley       .         .     1595 
William  Williams,    Esq.,  of  Cowhitlans          .     1596 
Thomas  Purcell,  Esq.  (prob.  of  Din-lie).     [In 
Dwnn  "  Thomas  Pursell  of  Dintle  "   is 
said   to   marry  "Mary,   dau.   of  Edward 
Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery"]    .         .     1597 
Edward  Hussey,  Esq.  [of  Crugion?]       .         .     1598 
Richard  Leighton,  Esq.,  of  Gwern-y-go'         .     1599 
Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Bettws         .         .         .     1600 
Charles  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Leighton.         .         .      1601 
Thomas  Jukes,  Esq.,  of  Buttington        .         .     1602 

JAMES  I. 

Richard  Price,  Esq. ,  of  Aber-bechan      .         .  1603 

William  Penrhyn,  Esq.,  of  Rhysnant     .         .  1604 

Sir  Edward  Herbert,  Kt 1605 

Jenkin  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Perth-lwyd          .         .  1606 

Sir  Richard  Hussey,  Kt.,  of  Crugion      .         .  1607 


Charles  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Aston     . 
Rowland  Pugh,_Esq.,  of  Mathafarn 
Lewis  Gwynne,  Esq.,  of  Llanidloes 
Rowland  Owen,  Esq.     ..... 

Morris  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Rhiw-saeson 

Sir  William  Herbert,  Kt 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Kerry        .         .         . 
Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Newtown  . 
Richard  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Marrington 
Sir  Edward  Foxe,  Kt.    ..... 

Thomas  Kerry,  Esq.,  of  Binweston  (probably) 
Robert  Owen,  Esq.        ..... 

Richard  Rock,  Esq.,  of  Abbey  Foregate 

Thomas  Jukes,  Esq.,  of  Buttington 

Sir  Richard  Pryse,  Kt.  [of  Gogerddau  ?] 

Edward  Kynaston,  Esq.,  of  Hordley 

Sir  William  Owen,  Kt 

CHARLES  I. 

Edward  Purcell,  Esq.,  of  Wropton 

Rowland  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Mathafarn         .         . 

Richard  Pughe,  Esq 

Evan  Glynn,  Esq.,  of  Glyn     .         .         .         . 

Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.        . 

John  Blayney,  Esq.  [of  Gregynog?]. 

William  Washbourne,  Esq 

Jacob  Phillips,  Esq.         . 
John  Heyward,  Esq.        . 

Philip  Eyton,  Esq. 

Thomas  Ireland,  Esq.      . 

Meredith  Morgan,  Esq.   .         . 

Lloyd  Piers,  Esq.   ...... 

John  Newton,  Esq.          . 

Richard  Price,  Esq.,  of  Gunley 

Edward  Morris,  Esq.       .         .         .         .         . 

Roger  Kynaston,  Esq.,  of  Hordley 

Thomas  Nicholls,  Esq.    . 

John  Blaeney,  Esq.  [of  Gregynog  ?] 

Arthur  Blaeney,  Esq.,  of  Gregynog 

No  Sheriff  appointed       . 

No  Sheriff  appointed       . 

Rowland  Hunt,  Esq.       . 

Matthew  Morgan,  Esq 


A.D. 
1608 
1609 
1610 
1611 
1612 
1613 
1614 
1615 
U.K. 
1617 
1618 
1619 
1620 
1621 
1622 
1623 
1624 


1625 
1626 
1627 
1628 
1629 
1630 
1631 
1632 
"633 
1634 
'635 
1636 

1637 
1638 

1639 
1640 
1641 
1642 

1643 
1644 
1645 
1646 
1647 
1648 


THE  COMMONWEALTH  &  PROTECTORATE. 

Lloyd  Piers,  Esq 1649 

Evan  Lloyd,  Esq.  ......  1650 

Edward  Ffoulkes,  Esq 1651 

Richard  Price,  Esq 1652 

Richard  Owen,  Esq 1653 

OLIVER   CROMWELL,    LORD   PROTECTOR. 
Hugh  Price,  Esq 1654 


John  Kynaston,  Esq. 
Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq. 
Richard  Herbert,  Esq. 


1655 
1656 
1657 


RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

George  Devereux,  Esq.,  of  Nantcribba    .         .     1658 
Sir  Matthew  Price,  Bart 1659 


814 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


A.D. 

CHARLES  II. 

Edward  Whittingham,  Esq.    ....  1660 

Roger  Mostyn,  Esq.  [of  Mostyn  ?]   .         .         .  1661 

David  Powell,  Esq.          .....  1662 

Watkin  Kyffin,  Esq.  [of  Bodfach  ?]          .         .1663 

Rowland  Nicholls,  Esq.           ....  1664 

John  Williams,  Esq.        .....  1665 

Edward  Kynaston,  Esq.,  of  Hordley        .         .  1666 

Arthur  Weaver,  Esq.      .....  1667 

Evan  Lloyd,  Esq.  ......  1668 

Robert  Owen,  Esq.          .....  1669 

Sir  Charles  Lloyd,  Bart.          ....  1670 

Thomas  Ireland,  Esq.     .....  1671 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.        .....  1672 

George  Devereux,  Esq.  .....  1673 

Richard  Mytton,  Esq.  [of  Pont-is-Cowryd  ?]     .  1674 

Evan  Glynn,  Esq.            .....  1675 

George  Llewellin,  Esq.   .....  1676 

David  Maurice,  Esq.       .....  1677 

John  Kyffin,  Esq.  ......  1678 

John  Williams,  Esq.       .....  1679 

Richard  Ingram,  Esq.     .....  1680 

John  Thomas,  Esq.          .          .          .          .          .1681 

Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Mathraval          .         .  1682 

Walter  Clopton,  Esq.      .....  1683 

Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.        .....  1684 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Glanhafon;  he  dying  was  ) 

succeeded  by  his  brothel — •                             V  1685 
Robert  Lloyd,  Esq.         .         .         .         .         .  ) 

JAMES  II. 

David  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Penybont           .         .  1686 

Gabriel  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Dolarddyn          .         .  1687 

Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Llwydiarth    .         .  1688 

WILLIAM  AND  MARY. 

Richard  Glynn,  Esq.,  of  Maesmawr         .         .  1689 

Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Perth-lwyd         .         .  1690 

Arthur  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Tredderwen   .         .  1691 

Philip  Eyton,  Esq.          .....  1692 

Humphrey  Kynaston,  Esq.      ....  1693 

Richard  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth    .         .         .  1694 

Humphrey  Lloyd,  Esq.            ....  1695 

John  Read,  Esq.  [of  Llandinam  ?]  .         .         .  1696 

Thomas  Severne,  Esq.,  of  Wallop.         .         .  1697 

Thomas  Foulkes,  Esq.    .....  1698 

John  Cale,  Esq.,  of  London    ....  1699 

Sam.  Atherton,  Esq.,  Salop  ....  1700 

Piers  Lloyd,  Esq.  ......  1701 


QUEEN  ANNE. 

John  Felton,  Esq.,  Salop 

William  Meredith,  Esq.,  of  London 

Henry  Bigg,  Esq.,  ofBentall. 

Sir  William  Williams,  Bart,  [of  Llanvorda  ?] 

Adam  Price,  Esq.  .  . 

Sir  Charles  Lloyd,  Bart. 

Richard  Lyster,  Esq.       .... 

Sir  Vaughan  Price,  Bart. 


1702 
1703 
1704 

'70S 
1706 
1707 
1708 
1709 


A.D. 

Francis  Herbert,  Esq  ,  of  Blomfield  .  .  1710 

William  Leighton,  Esq.,  of  Salop  .  .  .  1711 

Evan  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llanllodian    .  .  .  1712 

Jenkin  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Clochfaen   .  .  .  1713 

GEORGE  I. 

Thomas  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Nantymeichied  .  .  1714 

John  Blayney,  Esq.,  of  Gregynog    .  .  .  1715 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Glanhafon  .  .  1716 

John  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Kerry          ,  .  .  1717 

Francis  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Oswestry ;  he  died  in  \ 

July,  and:  was  succeeded  by  his  son — 

John  Evans,  Esq.  ;  he  also  dying  in  September  (-1718 

was  succeeded  by  — 

Humphrey  Parry,  Esq.,  as  deputy  .  .  .1 

Brochwell  Griffiths,  Esq.,  of  Broniarth  .  .  1719 

Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Aberbechan  .  .1720 

John  Scott,  Esq.,  of  Shrewsbury     .     -  .  .1721 

George  Ambler,  Esq.,  of  Salop       .  .  .  1722 

Robert  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Shrewsbury  .  .  1723 

Walter  Warring,  Esq.,  of  Wolberry  .  .  1724 

Methuselah  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Under  Hill  .  .  1725 

Thomas  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Llynllo,  Machynlleth.  1726 

GEORGE  II. 

Athelstan  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwsaeson  .  .  1727 

Richard  Price,  Esq.,  of  Trewylan   .  .  .  1728 

Arthur  Devereux,  Esq.,  of  Nantcribba  .  .  1729 

Richard  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Garth       .  .  .  1 730 

Valentine  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Park    .  .  .1731 

Richard  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Poole          ,  .  .  1732 

Roger  Trevor,  Esq.,  of  Trevilock    .  .  .  1733 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Gunley        .  .  .  1734 

Thomas  Brown,  Esq.,  of  Mellington  .  .  1735 

Edward  Glynn,  Esq.,  of  Glynn       .  .  .  1736 

Edward  Rogers,  Esq.,  of  Burgedin  .  .  1737 

Morgan  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Melingryg  .  .  1738 

John  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Aston          .  .  .  1739 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Bodfach      .  .  .  1740 

Corbet  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwsaeson  .  .  1741 

Henry  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Llechweddgarth  .  1742 

Rees  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Clochfaen       .  .  .  1743 

Thomas  Ffoulkes,  Esq.,  of  Penthryn  .  .  1744 

Gabriel  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Dolarddyn  .  .  1745 

Thomas  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Pentre  .  .  .  1746 

William  Mostyn,  Esq. ,  of  Bryngwyn  .  .  1 747 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Trefnant   .  .  .  1748 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.  (the  same)      .  .  .  1749 

Bagot  Read,  Esq.,  of  Llandinam     .  .  .  1750 

Price  Jones,  Esq. ,  of  Glanhafren     .  .  .  1751 

Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Domgay    .  .  .  1752 

William  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Poole       .  .  .  1753 

William  Humphreys,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn  .  .  1754 

Jenkin  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Maine.         .  .  1755 

Richard  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Pool         .  .  .  1756 

Jenkin  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Maen  .         .  .  '757 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  ofTrawscoed      .  .  .  1758 

George  Mears,  Esq.,  ofTy-nant      .  .  .  1759 

Richard  Owen,  Esq. ,  of  Garth        .  .  .  1 760 


HIGH   SHERIFFS  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


GEORGE  III. 

Richard  Price,  Esq.,  ofGunley       .         .  .  1761 

Roger  Wynn,  Esq. 1762 

Pryce  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Maesmawr  .  *      .  .  1763 

Arthur  Blayney,  Esq. ,  of  Gregynog         .  .  1 764 

John  Amler,  Esq 1 765 

Owen  Owens,  Esq.,  of  Tyn-y-coed           .  .  1766 

William  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Cilrhiw      .         .  .  1767 

Thomas  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Garth-celyn-fawr  .  1768 

Henry  Wynn,  Esq. ,  of  Dolarddyn  .         .  .1 769 

John  Baxter,  Esq.,  of  Rock    ....  1770 

John  Lloyd,  Esq 1771 

Matthew  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Cyfronydd         .  .  1772 

William  Wynn,  Esq 1773 

Sir  E.  Lloyd,  Bart.,  of  Perth-lwyd           .  .1774 

Clopton  Prys,  Esq.,  of  Llandrinio   .         .  .  1775 

Henry  Proctor,  Esq.,  of  Aherhavesp       .  .  1776 

Sir  J.  D.  King,  Bart.,  of  Aherhiraeth      .  .  1777 

Henry  Shales,  Esq.,  of  Carno          .         .  .  I??8 

Robert  Corbet,  Esq. ,  of  Lay  ton       .         .  •  1 779 

R.  H.  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Ystym-colwyn  .  1780 

Hugh  Mears,  Esq.,  of  Llandinam   .         .  .  1781 

Hon.  Henry  Tracy,  of  LI wyn-y-brain      .  .  1 782 

William  Humphreys,  Esq.,  ofLlwyn      .  .  1783 

Bell  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Bod vach           .         .  .1784 

Samuel  Yate,  Esq  ......  1 7^5 

Richard  Rocke,  Esq.,  of  Trefnanney        .  .  1786 

Trevor  Lloyd,  Esq 1787 

R.  John  Harrison,  Esq.,  of  Gaer     .         .  .1788 

Francis  Lloyd,  Esq. ,  of  Domgay     .         .  .1 789 

Maurice  Stephens,  Esq.,  of  Berth-ddu     .  .  179° 

John  Moxon,  Esq.,  of  Vaynor         .         .  .  I791 

Sir  R.  Clifton,  Bart. ,  of  Aberbechan       .  .1792 

David  Pugh,  Esq. ,  of  Llanerchudol          .  .  1793 

John  James,  Esq.,  of  Sylfaen.         .         .  .  1794 

Lawton  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Hem          .         .  .  1795 

John  Dickin,  Esq.,  of  Pool     .         .         .  .  1796 

J.  C.  Clifton  Jukes,  Esq.,  of  Trelydan    .  .  1797 

W.  W.  Bowen,  Esq.,  ofUandinam       '.  .  1798 

J.  P.  Chichester,  Esq.,  of  Gungrog          .  .  1799 

Henry  Proctor,  Esq.,  of  Aberhavesp       .  .  1800 

Joseph  Lyon,  Esq.,  of  Vaynor        .         .  .  1801 

Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llanllodian         .  .  1802 

John  Winder,  J£sq.,  of  Vaynor  Park        .  .  1803 

C.  H  anbury  Tracy,  Esq.,  of  Gregynog    .  .  1804 
Bagot  Read,  Esq.,  of  Llandinam  Hall    .  .  1805 
William  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Bryngwyn         .  .  1806 

D.  E.  Lewes  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Farm         .  .  1807 
Francis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Domgay     .         .  .  1808 
John  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Penylan        .         .  .  1809 
J.  Owen  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Dolforgan      .  .  1810 
Edward  Heyward,  Esq.,  of  Crosswood  .  .  1811 
George  Mears,  Esq.,  of  Ty-nant      .         .  .  1812 
William  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Caerhowel           .  .  1813 
Arthur  Davies  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Glansevern  .  1814 
Price  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Cyfronydd      .         .  .  1815 
John  Arthur  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Domgay     .  .  1816 
Richard  Price,  Esq.,  ofGunley       .         .  .  1817 
John  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Machynlleth      .  .  1818 
John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Machynlleth          .  .  1819 


A.D. 
GEORGE  IV. 

J.  Buckley  Williames,  Esq.,  of  Pennant  .     1820 

Valentine  Vickers,  Esq.,  ofCrugyn         .  .      1821 
Joseph  Hayes  Lyon,  Esq.       ....     1822 

David  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Llanerchudol         .  .      1823 

S.  A.  Severne,  Esq.,  of  Wallop  Hall      .  .1824 

Philip  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Trehelyg     .         .  .1825 

John  Hunter,  Esq.,  of  Glynhafren  .         .  .      1826 

John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Maesmawr      .         .  .     1827 

John  James  Turner,  Esq.,  of  Pentreheilin  .     1828 

Wythen  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Trewythen         .  .     1829 


WILLIAM  IV. 

H.  A.  Proctor,  Esq.,  of  Aberhavesp  Hall       .  1830 
R.  M.  Bonnor  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Bodynfoel    .  1831 
Sir  Charles   Thomas  Jones,    Kt.,    of  Broad- 
way        ........  1832 

John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Deythur           .         .        .  1833 

H.  D.  Griffiths,  Esq.,  of  Llechweddgarth        .  1834 

William  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Pentre-nant      .         .  1835 

J.  P.  Johnson,  Esq.,  of  Monksfield          .         .  1836 

VICTORIA. 

R.  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Hiroes  ....  1837 

Martin  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Brongwyn  .  .  1838 

David  Hamer,  Esq.,  of  Glanrafon  .  .  .  1839 

Thomas  Evans,  Esq.,  ofMaenol  .  .  .  1840 

J.  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Rhos  Brynbwa  .  .  1841 
Sir  J.  Roger  Kynaston,  Bart,  of  Hardwick 

Hall 1842 

Sir  J.  Conroy,  Bart.,  of  Plas-y-pennant  .  .  1843 

John  Dorset  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Broadway  .  .  1844 

J.  W.  Lyon  Winder,  Esq.,  of  Vaynor  Park  .  1845 

John  Ffoulkes,  Esq.,  of  Camo  .  .  .  1846 

J.  O.  Crewe  Read,  Esq.,  of  Llandinam  Hall  .  1847 

William  Lutener,  Esq.,  of  Dolerw.  .  .  1848 

Robert  Gardiner,  Esq.,  of  Plas-y-court  .  .  1849 

John  Davies  Corrie,  Esq.,  of  Dyserth  .  .  1850 
Charles  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Garthmill  .  .  .1851 

E.  S.  R.  Trevor,  Esq.,  of  Trawscoed  .  .  1852 
John  Naylor,  Esq.,  of  Leighton  Hall  .  .1853 

J.Michael  Severne,  Esq.,  of  Wallop  .  .  1854 

E.  Ethelston  Peel,  Esq.,  of  Llandrinio  .  .  1855 

R.  Herbert  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Garth  .  .  1856 

Maurice  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Fronfraith  .  .  1857 
R.  P.  Long,  Esq.,  of  Dolforgan  .  .  .1858 

Edward  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Perthlwyd  .  .  1859 

William  Curling,  Esq.,  of  Maesmawr  .  .  1860 

H.  Heyward  Heyward,  Esq.,  of  Crosswood  .  1861 

John  Lomax,  Esq.,  of  Bodfach  .  .  .  1862 

John  Dugdale,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn  .  .  .  1863 
Major-General  W.  G.  Gold,  of  Garthmill 

Hall 1864 

R.  Simcox  Perrott,  Esq.,  of  Bronhyddon  .  1865 

Edwin  Hilton,  Esq.,  of  Rhiwhirieth  .  .  1866 

Major  Joseph  Davies,  of  Brynglas  .  .  .  1867 

William  Fisher,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-fron  .  .  1868 

John  Pryce  Davies.  Esq.,  of  Fronfelen  .  .  1869 


8i6 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


Capt.  Offley  Malcolm  Crewe-Read,  R.N.,  of 

Llandinam  Hall 1870 

John  Robinson  Jones,  Esq.,  ofBrilhdir  Hall  .     1871 


H.  Bertie  W.  Watkin  Williams  Wynne,  Esq., 
of  Plas  Nant-y-meichiad  .... 


A.D. 


1872 


SECTION  V.— PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE, 

A.D.    1542 — A.D.    1872. 

In  the  representation  of  this  county  and  its  district  of  boroughs  the  prominence  of  the 
Herberts  is  most  remarkable.  It  is  an  adumbration  of  the  powerful  position  they  had 
occupied  as  Lords  of  Montgomery  and  Powis  Castle,  as  well  as  a  proof  of  the  fecundity  of 
the  family  and  their  taste  for  public  affairs.  The  Prices,  Vaughans,  Williams,  and  Pughs 
also  stand  high,  but  in  no  county  in  Wales  or  in  the  kingdom  has  there  been  a  family  that 
can  compete  with  the  Herberts  in  Montgomeryshire  for  the  absorption  of  parliamentary 
representation  ;  and  it  is  to  be  noted  that  during  the  same  periods,  members  of  this  noble 
house  were  foremost  in  public  trust  and  influence  in  several  other  counties  of  Wales — such 
as  Monmouth,  Glamorgan,  Carmarthen,  Cardigan,  and  Pembroke. 

The  following  details  have  been  carefully  compiled  from  Willis  and  others,  and  tested 
by  reference  to  the  Crown  Office  docket-books,  and  other  public  records ;  and  several  valuable 
facts  and  suggestions  have  been  contributed  by  Mr.  E.  R.  Morris,  of  Welshpool. 


HENRY  VIII. 

Edward  Leech,  Esq.  [one  of  the  Leeches  of 
Garden  Hall,  Cheshire],  for  the  Co. 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Park,  Llanwnog, 
for  the  Bor.  ...... 

William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Park,  for  the  Co.  . 

No  name  given  for  the  Bor.    .... 


A.D. 


1542 


1545 


EDWARD  VI. 


istle  ) 
thef 


'547 


William  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Park,  for  the  Co.- 
No  name  given  for  the  Bor.    . 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery  Castle' 
Richard  Herbert,  Esq.  [?  of  Park],   for  thei-  1552-3 
Bor. 

MARY. 

Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery  Castle  ) 
John  ab  Edmund,  for  the  Bor.  .  .  .  \ 
Lewis  Owen,  Esq.  [the  "Baron"of  Dolgelley; 

or  more  prob.  Edward  Herbert,  as  above. 

See  Arch.  Cambr.,  1846,  p.  359] 
Richard  Lloyd  [or  prob.  David  Jennings.  Ibid."\ 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 

Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery  Castle  ) 
No  name  given  for  the  Bor.     .         .         .         .  \  '554 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  > 
No  name  given  for  the  Bor.     .         .         .         ,\  '555 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  \ 
William  Herbert,  sen.,  prob.  of  Park,  for  the  [1557 
Bor. 


'554 


ELIZABETH. 


A.D. 


Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery  Castle,  ) 

for  the  Co (  1558 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Newtown,  for  the  Bor.     .  \ 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  ) 
John  Price,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor.      .  \  J  562'3 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  ) 
Arthur  Price,  Esq.,  of  Vaenor,  for  the  Bor.     .  \  '571 
John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Newtown,  for  the  Co.       .  i 
Rowland  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Mathafarn,  for  the  Bor.  J  '572 

Note. — In  the  vacations  between  the  sessions  of  this 
Parliament  several  writs  were  issued  and  members 
elected.  Richard  Herbert  was  elected  for  the  Mont- 
gomery borough  vice  Mr.  Pugh,  who  was  supposed 
to  be  "dead,  but  was  only  sick,"  and  it  was  ordered  by 
the  House  "That  Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  returned  a 
burgess  for  this  borough  in  the  room  and  place  of 
Rowland  Pugh,  Esq.,  supposed  to  be  dead,  but  yet 
known  to  be  in  plain  life,  shall  be  forthwith  removed 
from  his  place,  and  the  said  Rowland  Pugh  shall 
stand  and  continue  for  the  same  place." 

Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 

Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Gray's  Inn  [father 
of  Edward,  Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury], 
for  the  Bor. 

Oliver  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Leighton,  for  the  Co.   . 

Matthew  Herbert,  Fsq.,  of  Dolguog,  for  the 
Bor. ) 

Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.          .         .  ) 

Rowland  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Mathafarn,   for  the  |  1518 


1585 


1586 


Bor. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


817 


1592 


Reginald  Williams,  Esq.  [of  Willaston],  for  Co. 

Richard  Morgan,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 

William  Herbert,  Esq.    [probably  Sir  William  ^ 
Herbert   K.B.,    cr.  Baron   Powis  1629], 
for  the  Co 

William  Jukes,  Esq.  [probably  a  brother  of 
Thomas  Jukes,  of  Buttington,  Welshpool], 
for  the  Bor.  ...... 

Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.       '  .        .  ) 

John  Harris,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.       .         .         .  \ 

JAMES  I. 

Sir  William  Herbert,  K.B.  [the  same  as  for  the 
year  1597,  for  the  Co.]    .... 
Edward  Whittingham,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 
Sir  William  Herbert  (the  same)  for  the  Co.     . 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 
Sir  William  Herbert  (the  same)  for  the  Co. 
Edward  Herbert,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 
Sir  William  Herbert  (the  same),  for  the  Co.     . 
George  Herbert,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 

CHARLES  I. 

Sir  William  Herbert,  K.B.,  for  the  Co. 

Sir  Thomas  Myddelton,  Kt.,  of  Chirk,  via 
Herbert,  for  Co.  First  Session 

Lewis  Powell,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.    . 

Sir  William  Herbert,  K.B.,  for  the  Co. 

Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 

Sir  William  Herbert,  K.B.,  for  the  Co.  . 

Sir  Richard  Lloyd,  Kt.,  for  the  Bor. 

Richard  Herbert,  Esq  [prob.  of  Dolguog],  for 
the  Co 

Sir  Henry  Lloyd,  Kt.,  for  the  Bor. 

Sir  John  Price,  Bart.,  of  Newtown,  for  the  Co. 

Richard  Herbert,  Esq.  [prob.  of  Dolguog], 
for  the  Bor.  ...... 

Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Llwydiarth  [vice} 
Price,  who  had  joined  the  king  at  Oxford; 
and  was  disabled  by  Parliament ;  was  one 
of  those  who  voted,  Dec.  6th,  1648^ 
"That  the  king's  answer  to  the  proposi. 
tions  of  both  Houses  was  a  ground  for 
peace;"  one  of  the  Members  imprisoned 
or  secluded  by  the  army],  for  the  Co. 

George  Devereux,  Esq.  [elected  to  fill  the 
place  of  Herbert,  who  had  joined  the 
king's  party  at  Oxford,  and  disabled  by 
Parliament ;  probably  the  son  of  Sir 
George  Devereux,  of  Sheldon  Hall,  War- 
wickshire ;  m.  Bridget,  dau.  and  heir  of 
Arthur  Price,  of  Vaynor,  Mont.],  for  the 
Bor. 

COMMONWEALTH  AND  PROTECTORATE. 

Wales  returned  to   the  ' '  Little  "   or    "  Bare-  J 

bones"    Parliament    six    Members;    for  >  1653 
names,  see  p.  606 ) 

OLIVER  CROMWELL,  LORD   PROTECTOR. 
Sir  John  Price,  Bart. ,  of  Newtown,  for  the  Co. 
Charles  Lloyd,  Esq. ,  of  Garth,  for  the  Bor.    . 


Hugh  Price,  Esq.,  of  Gwern-y-go',  Kerry,  for  \ 

the  Co  ........  [  1656 

Charles  Lloyd,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor.  .  } 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Edward   Vaughan,    Esq.,    of  Llwydiarth,  for 

the  Co 
Charles  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Garth,  for  the  Bor. 


1603 


l6'4 


1620 


1623 


1625 


2nd  Sess., 
1625-6. 

1628 


1640 


1646 


for!    g 

(     1 

.   .  ) 


CHARLES  II.,  "THE  RESTORATION." 


John  Pursell,  Esq.  [prob.  of  Nantcribba],  for  Co. 
Sir  Thomas  Myddelton,  Bart.,  of  Chirk  Castle, 

for  the  Bor.     ...... 

John  Pursell  (the  same)  for  the  Co. 

Edward  Vaughan,  of  Llwydiarth,  for  the  Bvr. 

Edward   Vaughan,    Esq.,    of  Llwydiarth,   for 

the  Co 

Matthew  Price,  Esq.,  of  Park,  for  the  Bor. 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
Edward  Lloyd,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 

JAMES  II. 

Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 

William  Williams,  Esq.  (who  was  removed, 
and  Charles  Herbert  chosen  in  his  place), 
for  the  Bor.  ...... 

Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same)  for  the  Co. 

Charles  Herbert,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 

WILLIAM  III.  AND  MARY. 

Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co, 
Price  Devereux,  Esq. ,  of  Vaynor,  for  the  Bor. 
[Succ.  as  gth  Viscount  Hereford  in  1 700] 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
Price  Devereux,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
Price  Devereux,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  vice  Devereux,  for  Bor.  . 

ANNE. 

Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
John  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
Charles  Mason,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  . 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
Charles  Mason,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 
Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
John  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  Mathafam,  for  the  Bor. 

GEORGE  I. 


1660 
1661 
1679 
1681 

1685 

1688 
-9 

1689 

1695 
1698 
1701 


1702 
i7°5 


1  17°8 

)  -'5 


Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 
John  Pugh,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor. 

Edward  Vaughan  having  died,  a  new  writ  was 
issued,  Dec.  19,  1718,  and — 
Hon.  Price,  Devereux,  Esq.,  vice  Vaughan,  dec., 
[son  of  the  gth  Viscount  Hereford],  for  the 
Co.          .         .         ......         .1 

John  Pugh,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor.         .  I 


1715 


8i8 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


1728 
1734 
1740 

1741 

I7S4 
1759 


GEORGE  II. 

Hon.  Price  Devereux  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  .  ~t 
Robert  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Erbistock,  Denb.,  j 

for  the  Bar. ) 

Hon.  Price  Devereux,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  ' 
William  Corbett,  Esq.  [A  double  return, 

Corbett  seated] | 

Robert    Williams,    Esq.,    of    Erbistock    [vice  \ 

Devereux,  succ.   to  the  peerage],   for  the  / 

Co 

William  Corbett,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar.  .  .  } 
Robert  Williams,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  -\ 
Sir  Watkin  Williams  Wynn.  A  double  re-  I 

turn.     [Sir  Watkin  elected  also  for  Den-  \ 

bighshire  and  made  his  choice  to  sit  for  it].  I 
James  Cholmondeley,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  •  J 
Edward  Kynaston,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  .  .  ) 
William  Bodvel,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  .  .  \ 
Richard  Clive,  Esq.,  of  Styche  [father  of  Robert 

Lord  Clive,  vice  Bodvel  dec.}  for  the  Bor. 

GEORGE  III. 

Edward  Kynaston,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  } 
Richard  Clive,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the  Bor.  .  j  I7fil 
Thomas    Cornwall,    Capt.    R.N.    [vice  Clive, 

dec.],  for  the  Bor.     .....     1771 

Watkin  Williams,  Esq.  [vice  Ed  ward  Kynaston, 

lier.],  for  the  Co 

William  Mostyn  Owen,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
[Contest:     Votes  for  Owen  700,   for  Watkin 

Williams  624] 

Whitshed  Keene,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 

William  Mostyn  Owen,  Esq.  (the  same),  for  the 

Co.  . 

Whitshed   Keene,    Esq.    (the  same),  for  the 

Bor. 

William  Mostyn  Owen,  Esq.   (the  same),   for 

the  Co. 

Whitshed    Keene,    Esq.    [the  same],  for  the 

Bor. 

Francis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 

Whitshed  Keene,   Esq.   (the  same),   for  the! 

Bor. ' 

Charles  W.  W.  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Pentrego',  »/«-. 

Francis  Lloyd,  dec.   [Wynn  continued  to 

sit  for  fifty-one  years],  for  the  Co.     .         .  [  1799 
Whitshed  Keene,  Esq.   (the  same),   [he  con-  I 

tinned  to  sit  till  1818,]  for  the  Bor.  .        . ' 


1772 


1774 


1780 


1784 


«795 


'837 


Charles  W.  W.  Wynn  (the  same),  for  the  Co.  .  }    „  g 
Henry  Clive,  Esq.,  vice  Keene,  for  the  Bor.    .  ) 

GEORGE  IV. 
Charles  W.  W.  Wynn  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 

[Contest.— Votes  for  Wynn,  703  ;  for  Jos. 

H.  Lyons,  302] l83l 

Henry  Clive  (the  same)  for  the  Bor. 

Charles  W.  W.  Wynn  (the  same),  for  the  Co. 

David  Pugh,   Esq.,   of  Llanerchudol,  for  the  (  1832 

Bor. ) 

[Contest  :  Votes  for  Pugh  335,  for  Col.  John 

Edwards  321.] 

Charles  W.  W.  Wynn  (the  same)  for  the  Co. 
Sir  John  Edwards,  of  Machynllelh  [vice  Pugh,     1833 

unseated],  for  the  Bor.    .... 

VICTORIA. 
Right  Hon.  Charles  W.  W.  Wynn  (the  same) 

for  the  Co. 

Sir  John  Edwards  (the  same)  for  the  Bor. 
[Contest  :  Votes  for  Edwards  472,  for  Panton 

Corbett  443.] 
Right.   Hon.  Charles  Watkin  W.  Wynn,  of 

Pentre-go",  for  the  Co.     . 
Hon.  Hugh  Cholmondeley  for  the  Bor. 
Charles  Watkin  W.  Wynn  (the  same)  for  the 

Co. 

David  Pugh,  Esq.,   of  Llanerchydol,  for  the     '847 

Bor. 

Herbert  W.  W.  Wynn  [second  son  of  the  late 

Sir  Watkin,  of  Wynns  ay]  for  the  Co. 
David  Pugh,  Esq.  (the  same)  for  the  Bor. 

The  same  for  the  Co 

David  Pugh,  Esq.  (the  same)  for  the  Bor. 

The  same  for  the  Co 

David  Pugh,  Esq.  (the  same)  for  the  Bor. 

Charles  W.  W.  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Coed-y-Maen 

[eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late  Rt.  Hon. 

Charles  Watkin  W.  Wynn],  for  the  Co.  . 
Hon.  C.  D.  R.  Hanbury-Tracy  for  the  Bor. 
Chas.  W.  W.  Wynn,  Esq.  (the  same)  for  the 

Co 

Hon.  C.  D.  R.  Hanbury-Tracy  (the  same)  '8r>8 

for  the  Bor.     ...... 

The  Present  Sitting  Members,  1872. 


COUNTY  MAGISTRATES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


819 


SECTION  VI.— COUNTY  MAGISTRATES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE,  1872. 

(CORRECTED  TO  LAST  DATE.) 


SUDELEY,  The  Right  Honourable  Lord,  of  Todding- 
ton,  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Gustos  Rotulorum. 

Adams,  William  Henry,  Esq.,  o£  Plas  Llyssin,  Carno. 

Bayard,  John  C,  Esq.,  of  Gwernydd,  Berriew. 

Beadnell,  Col.  George,  104,  Belgrave  Road,  London. 

Bonsall,  John  George  William,  Esq.,  of  Fronfraith, 
Card. 

Botfield,  W.  B.  (Clerk),  Decker  Hill,  ShiffnaL 

Bowen,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Welshpool. 

Browne,  Thomas  Browne,  Esq.,  of  Mellington  Hall. 

Cleaton,  Edmund,  Esq. ,  of  Llanidloes. 

Conroy,  Sir  John,  Bart.,  Arborfield  Hall,  Berks. 

Corbett,  Major  William,  of  Vaynor  Park,  Berriew. 

Corrie,  John  Davies,  Esq. ,  of  Dyserth. 

Crewe-Read,  Offley  John,  Esq.,  Llandinam  Hall. 

Crewe-Read,  Captain  Offley  Malcolm,  R.N.,  of 
Llandinam  Hall. 

Davies,  John  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Fronfelen,  Caersws. 

Davies,  Major  Joseph,  of  Brynglas,  Llanfair. 

Davies,  William  Gabriel  (Clerk),  Rectory,  Cemmaes. 

Dugdale,  John,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn,  Llanfyllin. 

Evans,  John  (Clerk),  Llangurig,  Llanidloes. 

Fisher,  William,  Esq.,  of  Maesfron,  Welshpool. 

Ford,  John  Randle  Minshall,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwem. 

Frost,  Sir  Thomas  Gibbons,  Kt.,  Chester. 

Gill,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Bryndenv en. 

Cough,  R.  D.,  Esq.,  Aberhafesp  Hall. 

Griffith,  Joseph  William  (Clerk). 

Haines,  Thomas  William,  Esq.,  Dolcorslwyn. 

Hare,  Thomas  William,  Esq.,  of  Berth-ddu,  Llandi- 
nam. 

Hayhurst,  Henry  Hayhurst,  Esq.,  Ystum-colwyn. 

Herbert,  Col.  George  Edward,  of  Glanhafren. 

Herbert,  Canon,  (Clerk),  of  Glanhafren. 

Heyward,  Major  John  Heyward,  of  Crosswood. 

Hilton,  Edwin,  Esq.,  40,  Spring  Gardens,  Man- 
chester. 

Humphreys,  Richard  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery. 

Hunter,  Col.  Charles,  Downe  House  Villa,  Rich- 
mond, Sur. 

Hunter,  Col.  William,  of  Mount  Severn. 

Johns,  Jasper  Wilson,  Esq.,  So,  Seymour  Street,  W. 


Jones,  John  Robinson,  Esq.,  of  Brithdir  Hall. 

Jones,  Richard  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Cefn  Bryntalch. 

Kirkham,  John  William  (Clerk),  Llanbrynmair. 

Leighton,  Sir  Baldwyn,  Bart.,  of  Loton  Park,  Salop. 

Lloyd,  John  (Clerk),  of  Castell  Forwyn,  Abermule. 

Long,  R.  Penruddock,  Esq.,  of  Rood  Ashton,  Wilts. 

More,  Robert  Jasper,  Esq.,  of  Linley  Hall,  Salop. 

Morgan,  William  (Clerk),  Kerry,  Newtown. 

Mytton,  Capt.  Devereux  Herbert,  of  Garth. 

Naylor,  John,  Esq. ,  of  Leighton  Hall. 

Nicholls,  Henry,  Esq. 

Peel,  Edmund  Ethelston,  Esq. ,  of  Brynypys,  Flint. 

Perrott,  Robert  S.  Esq.,  of  Bronheuddan. 

Powell,  Col.  W.  T.  R.,  of  Nanteos,  Card. 

Powis,  The  Right  Hon.  The  Earl  of,  of  Powis  Castle. 

Pryce,  Robert  Davies,  Esq. ,  of  Cyfronydd. 

Scott,  Septimus,  Esq. 

Severne,  John  Edmund,  Esq. ,  of  Wallop  Hall,  Salop. 

Stephens,  John,  Esq.,  of  Shelton,  Salop. 

Thruston,  Charles  Frederick,  Esq.,  of  Talgarth  Hall, 

Mer. 

Tracy,  Hon.  Charles  D.  R.  Hanbury-,  M.P. 
Tracy,  Hon.  Henry  Han  bury-,  of  Gregynog. 
Trevor,  Edward  Sal.  R.,  Esq.,  of  Penylan,  Meifod. 
Turner,  John  James,  Esq. ,  of  Pentreheilin. 
Vane,  The  Right  Hon.  Earl,  Plas  Machynlleth. 
Walton,  William,  Esq.,  of  Dolforgan  Hall. 
Whalley,   George  Hammond,  Esq.,  M.P.,   of  Plas- 

madoc,  Denb. 

White,  Robert  More  (Clerk),  Churchstoke. 
Williames,  John  Buckley,  .Esq.,  of  Glyncogan,  Man- 

afon. 

Williams,  William  Maddock  (Clerk),  Llanfechain. 
Wingfield,  Walter  Clopton,  Esq.,  of   H2,  Belgrave 

Road,  London. 

Woosnam,  Richard,  Esq.,  of  Llanidloes. 
Wynn,    Charles     Watkin    Williams,    Esq.,     M.P., 

2,  Lower  Berkeley  Street,  London. 
Wynn,    Sir    Watkin    Williams,    Baronet,   M.P.,    of 

Wynnstay. 
Wynne,  William  Robert  Maurice,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth, 

Mer. 


THE   COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


ADAMS,  ¥illiam  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Plas-Llysin, 
Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery ;  Capt. 
R.  M.  Y.  Cavalry  ;  son  of  Thomas  Adams, 
Esq.,  formerly  Alt.  Gen.  of  Hong  Kong; 
b.  1834;  m.  a  dau.  of  Rev.  D.  James  of 
Llanwnog,  and  has  issue. 

Residence:  Plas-Llysin,  Camo,  Mont. 

BONNOBrMAUEICE,  Robert  Maurice,  Esq.,  of 
Bodynfoel,  Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  counties  of  Montgomery  and 
Denbigh ;  D.  L.  of  Montgomeryshire ; 
Sheriff  for  the  latter  county  1834;  2nd  son 
of  J.  Bonnor,  Esq.,  by  Jane,  dau.  and  h. 
of  the  Rev.  Richard  Maurice  of  Bryn-y- 
gvvalie ;  b.  1805  ;  ed.  at  Westminster  and 
Chr.  Ch.,  Oxford;  m.,  1834,  Judith, 
daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  Cripps, 
Vicar  of  Preston  and  Stonehouse,  Glou- 
cestershire ;  has  issue  7  children  ;  second 
branch  of  the  Maurices  of  Bryn-y-gwalie, 
co.  Denbigh  (26th  in  descent  from  Bleddyn 
ap  Cynfyn,  A.D.  1068,  Prince  of  Powys. 

Heir:    Henry  Bonnor-Maurice,   Lieut.    H.M. 
1 5th  foot. 
Residence:  Bodynfoel,  Llanfechain,  Oswestry. 


of  Yaynor  Park, 


(MBETT-WINDER,  Mrs., 
Montgomeryshire. 

Mary  Anne  Jane,  widow  of  Uvedale 
Corbett,  Judge  of  County  Court  of  Shrop- 
shire ;  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph  Lyon,  Esq., 
of  Ashfield  Hall,  Cheshire  ;  b.  at  London, 
30th  August,  1792  ;  m.,  8th  December, 
1817,  Uvedale  Corbett,  Esq.,  Barrister-at- 
law  (son  of  the  Ven.  Archdeacon  Corbett, 
of  Longnor  Hall,  Shropshire),  who,  in 
accordance  with  the  will  of  Edmund  Lyon 
Winder,  Esq.  (see  Note  below),  assumed  the 
name  and  arms  of  Winder  in  addition  to 
those  of  Corbett  June  2,  1869  ;  s.  24th 
June,  1868  ;  has  issue  seven  sons  and  three 
daughters. 

Heir:  William  Corbett,  Major  58th  Foot, 
retired  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Mont- 
gomery. 


Residences  ;  Vaynor  Park,  Montgomeryshire  ; 
and  Ashfield  Hall,  Cheshire.  • 

Arms:  The  arms  of  Winder  quartered  with 
those  of  Corbett. 

Crest:  Buffalo's  head  ppr. — WINDER;  or  a 
raven  ppr. — CORBETT. 

Motto :  Nulla  pallescere  culpa —  Winder  ;  and 
Deus  pascit  corvos — Corbett. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  descends  from  John  Winder  of 
Helston,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  who  m.  a  sister  of 
Edmund  Gibson,  Bishop  of  London.  Their  son, 
Joseph  Winder,  Esq.,  of  Helston,  m,,  1790,  Ann 
Moxon,  dau.  and  heiress  of  John  Moxon,  Esq., 
inheritor  of  Vaynor  on  the  death  of  his  brother, 
Robert  Moxon,  Esq.,  in  1785,  who  had  become  its 
possessor  by  purchase.  The  dau.  of  Joseph  Winder, 
Esq.,  and  Ann  Moxon, — 

Elizabeth,  m.  Joseph  Lyon,  Esq.,  of  Ashfield 
Hall,  Cheshire,  and  had  issue — 

John  Lyon  Winder,  Esq.,  who  was  succeeded  in 
the  Vaynor  estate  by  his  brother,  — 

Edmund  Henry  Lyon,  Esq.,  and  heby hissister, — 

MARY  ANNE  JANE,  who  m.  Uvedale  Corbett, 
Esq.  (as  above). 

Note. — For  an   engraving  and   notice   of    Vaynor 
Park,  see  p.  80 1. 


COEBIE,  John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Dysserth,  Mont- 
gomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery  since 
1837  ;  D.  L.  of  the  same  co.  since  1846  ; 
High  Sheriff  1850;  Capt.  in  Montgomery- 
shire Yeomanry  for  twenty-five  years  ;  son 
of  the  late  John  Corrie,  Esq.,  of  Vauxhall, 
Surrey,  and  Susanna,  his  wife,  second  dau. 
and  co-heiress  of  John  Davies,  Esq.,  of 
Dysserth,  Montgomeryshire;  b.  at  Vaux- 
hall, Surrey,  1798;  ed.  at  Monmouth 
Grammar  School ;  m.,  ist,  Mary  Anne, 
dau.  of  Joseph  Meire,  Esq.,  of  Sutton,  in 
the  co.  of  Salop,  and  Ann,  dau.  and  heiress 
of  Richard  Tandrell,  Esq ,  of  Church 
Pulverbatch,  co.  Salop  ;  2nd,  Emma,  relict 
of  Rev.  Edward  Ward,  Esq.,  and  dau.  of 
Rev.  H.  Crump,  of  Leighton,  Salop ;  J. 
1825  ;  has  issue  three  sons  (deceased)  and 
one  dau.  by  first  marriage. 

Heir:  His  daughter. 

Residence :  Dysserth,  near  Welsh  Pool. 
Arms  :  Or,  three  mullets,  2  and  I  ;  on  a  chief 
gu.  three  griffins'  heads  erased  ppr. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


821 


Crest ;  A  demi-griffin  displayed. 
Motto :  Virtute  et  labore. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  on  the  maternal  side  from 
Hugh  Davies  of  Dysserth,  and  from  the  Corries  of 
Dumfries  on  the  paternal.  John  Davies,  the  grand- 
father of  the  present  representative,  was  born  at 
Dysserth  in  the  year  1691  ;  m.,  in  the  year  1755 
for  his  2nd  wife,  Mary,  niece  of  T.  Harvey 
Thursby,  Esq.,  at  that  time  M.P.  for  the  borough 
of  Shrewsbury :  his  first  wife  was  the  dau.  of 
Thomas  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Pentrinant,  in  the  CO.  of 
Montgomery. 

Among  its  distinguished  members  in  past  time 
may  be  named  the  Rev.  Thomas  Bray,  D.D.,  of 
Marton,  Salop,  whose  niece,  Esther,  m.  Hugh 
Davies,  Esq.,  of  Dysserth.  Dr.  Bray  was  one  of 
the  earliest  promoters  of  the  Society  for  the  Pro- 
pagation of  the  Gospel  and  of  the  Christian  Know- 
ledge Society. 

Note.—  The  date  of  the  first  building  of  Dysserth 
is  unknown  ;  the  present  house  was  enlarged  1825. 


CBEWE-READ,  Offley  Malcolm,  Esq.,  of  Llan- 
dinam  Hall,  Montgomeryshire. 

Late  Comm.  R.N. ;  D.  L.  and  J.  P.  for 
Montgomeryshire,  and  J.  P.  for  Flintshire  ; 
HighSheriff  for  Montgomeryshire  1870;  was 
first  lieutenant  of  a  ship  during  the  Russian 
war,  and  was  severely  wounded  ;  five  years 
Inspecting  Commander  of  Coastguard  in 
South  Wales ;  three  years  Commander  of 
Steam  Reserve  in  the  Medway,  and  was  in 
command  of  H.  M.S.  Leandcr  for  the  purpose 
of  saluting  the  Princess  of  Wales  on  her 
arrival  at  the  Nore  from  Denmark  in  1 863  ; 
son  of  the  late  John  Offley  Crewe-Read, 
Esq.,  of  Wern,  co.  of  Flint,  LlandinamHall, 
Mont.,  and  Laverton,  Southampton  (High 
Sheriff  of  Flintshire  1839,  and  of  Mont. 
1847),  and  Charlotte  Prestwood,  dau.  of 
Admiral  Sir  W.  T.  Lake,  K.C.B.,  &c.  ; 
b.  at  Almington  Hall,  near  Market  Drayton, 
Sept.  i3th,  1821  ;  cd.  by  private  tutors  and 
Royal  Naval  College ;  /«.,  Feb.,  1848, 
Charlotte  Lucy,  dau  of  Thomas  Marma- 
duke  George,  Esq.,  and  his  wife,  nee  Anne 
Hereford  of  Herefordshire  ;  s.  Dec.,  1862, 
on  death  of  brother,  Bagot  Offley,  unm.; 
has  issue  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

Heir:  Offley  John,  b.  1848. 

Residence:  Llandinam  Hall,  Montgomery- 
shire. 

Town  Address:  United  Service  Club,  Pall 
Pall ;  Brooks's  Club,  St.  James's  Street. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  az.,  a  griffin 
segreant  or  ;  2nd  and  3rd.  az.,  a  lion  rampant  arg. 

Crest :  1st,  an  eagle  displayed  sa.  ;  2nd,  out  of 
a  ducal  coronet  or,  a  lion's  gamb  arg.  charged 
with  a  crescent. 

Motto :  Sola  virtute  salutem. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  traces  its  lineage  from  Thomas  de 
Crewe,  of  Crewe,  Cheshire,  temp.  Henry  III.,  and 
John  Read,  of  Roch  Castle,  Carmarthenshire  [see 
Ryd  or  Reed  of  Caslell  Afoel,  p.  266,  and  Reads  of 
Carmarthen,  p.  267],  who  settled  in  Montgomery- 
shire 1670,  and  who.  according  to  an  illuminated 
pedigree,  derives  descent  from  Peter  de  Rupibus, 
time  of  King  John. 

Among  its  distinguished  members  in  past  time 
may  be  named  Lord  Crewe,  Bishop  of  Durham  ; 
Sir  Randulph  Crewe ;  Lord  Chief  Justice  Sir 
Thomas  Crewe,  both  latter  Speakers  of  House  of 
Commons  ;  John  Read  (or  Reade),  Sheriff  of  Mont- 
gomeryshire 1696,  and  was  Clerk  of  the  Peace  and 
held  several  important  Court  offices  ;  Bagot  Read, 
Sheriff  in  1750  ;  Bagot  Read,  1805;  J.  O.  Crewe- 
Read,  1847.  (See  Sheriffs.) 

The  Crewa  are  traced  from  Henry  de  Criwa  to 
Sir  Randulph  Crewe,  from  an  illuminated  pedigree 
roll  by  Dugdale  in  the  possession  of  Lord  Crewe  ; 
thence  to  end  of  male  line  from  Sir  John  Crewe  of 
Utkinton's  entries  in  his  prayer-book  copied  in 
Cole's  Collxtions'm  the  Brit.  Museum,  and  compared 
with  monuments  and  entries  in  Coll.  of  Anns,  we 

fet  down  to  Anne  Crewe  (co-heiress),  who  marries 
ohn  Offley,  of  Madeley,  Stafford,  in  1679,  has  a 
son  and  heir,  John  Offley,  who  changed  his  name 
to  Crewe,  married  Sarah  Price,  from  whom, 
amongst  others,  came  Doctor  Randulph  Crewe, 
LL.D.,  who  married  Anne  Read,  and  had  issue — 

1.  Offley  Crewe,  Rector  of  Barthomly  Warmin- 
cham,     Astbury,    and    Mucklestone,    m.    Harriet, 
dau.  of  Thomas  Assheton-Smith,  Esq. ,  of  Vaenol, 
Carnarvonshire,  and  had  issue — 

John  Offley  Crewe  Read,  who  m.  Charlotte 
Prestwood,  and  had  with  other  issue — 

OFFI.EY  MALCOLM  CREWE-READ  (as  above) ; 
Emma,  d.  s.  p.  ;  Frances,  m.  Rev.  R.  Wedgwood, 
and  d,  s.  p.  ;  Harriet,  m.  Sir  Thomas  Tancred, 
Bart  ;  d.,  leaving  issue  present  Bart.,  &c. 

2.  Randulph,  LL.  B.,   Rector  of  Hawarden,  m. 
Frances,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Glynne,   Bart.,  and  had 
issue  Charles,  Vicar  of  Longdon,  Worcestershire, 
Stephen,  Randulph,  Richard,  and  Selina,  all  died 
unmarried. 

3.  Charles,  Rector  of  Lawton,  m.  Sarah,  widow 
of  R.  Glynne,  Esq.,  and  d.  s.  p.     Anne  d.  unm  ; 
and  Mary  m.  Dr.  Chorley,  of  Doncaster,  and  d.  s.  p. 

The  Reads. — From  Peter  de  Rupibus  (see  also 
Lewys  Dwnn's  Heraldic  Visit,  of  Wales,  1586  jmd 
1613,  by  Sir  S.  Meyrick)  comes  John  Read,  Sheriff 
of  Montgomeryshire  in  1696,  &c.  He  m.  Anne 
Bagot,  of  Hargreaves,  Salop  ;  had  issue  Bagot,  who 
m.,  1714,  Margaret  Jones,  dau.  of  Humphrey 
Jones,  Esq.,  High  Sheriff  of  co.  Flint  in  1716; 
Letitia,  m.  Edward  Thelwall,  Esq.,  of  Llanbedr 
(Denbigh);  and  Anne,  /«.R.  Hughes,  Esq., of  Halkin, 
Flint.  Bagot  leaves  issue  Bagot,  who  d.  s.  p.; 
Margaret,  who  m.  Edward  Thornycroft,  Esq.,  of 
Thornycroft,  co.  Cheshire  ;  and  Anne,  who  married 
(as  already  shown)  Dr.  Randulph  Crewe,  LL.D  , 
in  1749.  Bagot  Read  d.  in  1816,  and  left  his 
estates  in  Flintshire,  Montgomeryshire,  and  in  the 
city  of  Chester,  to  Mrs.  Thornycroft,  his  sister,  for 
life,  and  then  to  Rev.  Offley  Crewe  and  his  heirs,  on 
condition  that  they  should  assume  the  additional 
surname  and  arms  of  Read  in  conjunction  with 
those  of  Crewe,  which  injunctian  was  complied  with 
on  the  death  of  Rev.  Offley  Crewe  in  Jan.,  1836, 
by  royal  licence  obtained  5tK  March,  1836,  by 
petition  of  his  only  son,  John  Offley  Crewe,  who 


822 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


thereupon   became  John   Offley  Crewe-Reacl,   the 
father  of  the  present  representative  (as  above). 

Note. — The  date  of  erection  of  Llandinam  //a// is 
not  known.  It  was  purchased  by  John  Read  in 
1688  from  an  old  and  influential  family  namec 
Powell.  Has  been  a  farmhouse  for  many  years. 
Rooms  retained  now  for  a  temporary  family  residence. 
It  has  some  good  oak  carving  and  timber  twists. 

DAVIE8,   John  Pryce,   Esq.,  of  Fron-felen, 

Montgomeryshire. 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery  •  Sheriff 
for  same  co.  1869. 

RtaJmct:  Fron-felen,  near  Caersws. 

DAVIES,  Major  Joseph,  of  Bryn-glas,  Mont- 
gomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery;  High 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  in  the  year  1867  ; 
a  major  retired  from  the  army  ;  served  in 
the  East  Indies  from  1826  to  1831  ;  son  of 
the  late  Joseph  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Machyn- 
lleth;  b.  1861  ;  is  unm. 

Residence :  Bryn-glas,  Llanfair  Caereinion. 

DUGDALF,  John,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn,  Montgomery- 
shire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery;  High 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1863;  is  m. 

Residence :  Llwyn,  near  Llanfyllin. 
(Further  information  not  received.") 

EDWARDS,  Lady   Harriet,  of  Ilanerchydol 
Hall,  Montgomeryshire. 

Widow  of  Sir  John  Edwards,  Bart,  of 
Garth  and  of  Plas  Machynlleth,  for  many 
years  M.P.  for  Montgomery,  and  Lieut.  - 
Col.  of  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia  (d. 
1850),  her  2nd  husband,  whom  she  m.  in 
1825.  Lady  Edwards  had  previously  been 
m.  to  John  O.  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Dolforgan, 
Montgomeryshire  (d.  1824);  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Francis  Johnson,  M.A.,  Prebendary 
of  Wells,  and  granddau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Willes,  Archdeacon  of  Wells  ;  has  had  issue, 
by  first  mar.  a  dau., — 

Avarina  Brunetta,  who  m.  Walter 
Long,  Esq.,  and  d.  1847  ;  by  second  mar., 

MARY  CORNELIA,  m.  to  the  Right  Hon. 
Earl  Vane  (see  Vane,  Earl  of,  Plas 
Machynlletli). 

Residence:  Llanerchydol  Hall,  near  Welsh- 
pool. 

Arms :  Quarterly  :  gu.  and  or,  a  fesse  between 

four  lions  passant  guardant,  all  counterchanged 

EDWARDS  (quartering  Owen  of  Garth}. 

Crest;  A  lion  passant  guardant  per  pale  or 
and  gu. 

Motto :  Ygwir  yn  erbyn  y  byd — "Truth against 
the  world." 


EDWARDS,  Rev.   Robert  Wynne,   M.A.,   of 
Meifod,  Montgomeryshire. 

Vicar  of  Meifod,  Dio.  of  St.  Asaph,  1860  ; 
Canon  of  St.  Asaph ;  Chaplain  to  Bishop 
of  St.  Asaph ;  formerly  Rector  of  Llanfi- 
hangel-yn-Gwynfa  1858 — 60  ;  P.  C.  of 
Gwersyllt  1852 — 8;  son  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Wynne  Edwards,  Vicar  of  Rhudd- 
lan,  co.  of  Flint;  ed.  at  Brasenose  Coll., 
Oxford  ;  grad.  B.A.  1846,  M.A.  1849 ;  m. 
to  Elizabeth  Anne,  dau.  of  Ven.  Arch- 
deacon  Wickham,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Gresford 
and  Canon  of  St.  Asaph,  and  has  issue — 

1.  Alathea  Mary  Wynne. 

2.  Edith  Anna  Wynne. 

3.  Robert  Wickham  Wynne. 

4.  Edward  Capner  Wynne. 

5.  Emily  Jane  Wynne. 

6.  Charlotte  Elizabeth  Wynne. 

7.  Laura  Wynne. 

Residence:  The  Vicarage,  Meifod,  near  Welsh- 
pool. 


LINEAGE. 

Trahaiarn  Goch,  Lord  of  Is-Cych,  in  the  cantref 
of  Emlyn,  Dyfed,  bore  "arg.,  six  bees,  3,  2,  and  i, 
volant  in  arriere  sa.,"  and  claimed  to  have  de- 
scended in  the  direct  lineage  of  fieli  Mawr.  Ac- 
cording to  a  genealogical  table  in  the  Harl.  MSS., 
Brit.  Museum,  No.  2,291,  p.  71  (apparently  written 
by  Hugh  Thomas), — 

Tudyr  ap  Dafydd  ap  levan,  of  Plas  Nantglyn, 
was  fifteenth  in  descent  from  Trahaiarn  Goch.  He 
m.  Anne,  dau.  of  Robert  Wynne,  of  Berain,  and 
his  gr.  gr.  grandson, — 

Robert  Wynn  ap  Ffouk,  m.  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of 
Hugh  Llwyd  Rosindale  (called  of  Segroit),  Esq., 
Alderman  of  Denbigh  1631,  and  Sheriff  of  co.  of 
Denbigh  1635  (see  Sheriffs,  sub  ami.  1635,  p.  399  ; 
and  Lloyd  of  Foxhall,  p.  393).  The  writer  of  the 
pedigree  states  that  he  found  "this  monument" 
—probably  in  the  church  of  Whitchurch,  near 
Denbigh,  but  he  mentions  no  place  : — "  Here 
lyeth  the  bodyes  of  Robert  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Nant- 
glan,  and  Jane,  his  wife,  dau.  to  Hugh  Llwyd 
Rossendale,  Esq.,  of  Segroit,  by  whom  he  had 
issue  one  son  and  five  daughters  ;  he  died  May 
the  3rd,  1698,  aged  88  years.  She  died  in  the 
yeare  1651,  aged  40  years." 

The  male  line  ended  with  his  grandson,  Meredydd 
Wynne,  whose  dau.  Mary  m.,  ashersecond  husband, 
Hugh  Parry,' Esq.,  of  Deunant,  and  had  a  dau. 
Margaret,  who  m. — 

Cadwaladr  ap  Edward,  of  Plasau  Llangwm, 
Llansannan,  and  had  issue  Evan  (d.  1796),  who  m. 
Margaret  Roberts,  of  Llanasnnan,  and  left  a  son, — 

Thomas  Wynne,  Clerk,  Vicar  of  Rhuddlan, 
who  by  his  wife,  Eliza  Gardner,  dau.  of  John 
Copner  Williams,  Esq.,  Alderman  of  Denbigh, 
had  issue — 

Thomas  Wynne  Edwards,  Clerk,  now  Vicar  of 
Rhuddlan  (see  Edwards  of  Rhuddlan),  who  has, 
with  other  issue, — 

ROUERT  WYNNE  EDWARDS  (as  above). 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


823 


FISHER,  William,  Esq.,  of  Maes-y-fron,  Mont- 
gomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery ;  Sheriff 
for  same  co.  1868. 

Residence:  Maes-y-fron,  near  Welshpool. 

(Further  information  not  received.'] 

FORD,  John  Randle  Minshull,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn- 
gwern,  Montgomeryshire. 

Late  Capt.  8th  "  The  King's, "  Regt.  ; 
Magistrate  for  cos.  of  Montgomery  and 
Merioneth ;  son  of  Francis  J.  Ford,  Esq. 
(second  son  of  the  late  Col.  Ford  of 
Abbey  field,  co.  Chester);  J.  P.  for  the  cos. 
of  Cheshire,  Montgomery,  and  Merioneth  ; 
b.  at  The  Cuttage,  Sandbach,  Cheshire, 
24th  January,  1842  ;  ed.  at  Eton  ;  m.,  the 
25th  Nov.,  1869,  Florence  Helen  Oldham, 
eldest  surviving  dau.  of  Charles  Oldham, 
Esq.,  second  son  of  James  Oldham 
Oldham,  Esq.,  of  Bellamour  Hall,  near 
Rugeley,  Staffordshire;  has  issue  two  sons, 
Francis  Charles  Minshull  Ford,  and  Hugh 
Lechmere  Minshull  Ford. 

Residence  :  Llwyngwern,  near  Machynlleth. 
Arms :  Per    fesse,    or    and    ermine,    a    lion 
rampant  az. 

Crest :  A  lion's  head  erased  az. 

GILL,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-derwen,  Mont- 
gomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery  ;  son  of 
the  late  James  Gill,  Esq.,  of  Bryngwyn, 
Montgomeryshire,  and  Frances,  his  wife, 
dau.  of  Thomas  Lowndes,  Esq. ;  b.  at 
Bryngwyn,  28th  June,  1811;  ed.  at  Shrews- 
bury School,  and  Queen's  Coll.,  Oxford ; 
is  ///////. 

Residence :  Brynderwen,  near  Llanfyllin. 
Arms :  Lozengy  or  and  vert,  a  lion  rampant  ppr. 
Crest :  A  squirrel  ppr. 
Motto :  In  nemoris  umbrfl. 

GRIFFITH,  Hugh  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Llechwedd- 
garth,  Montgomeryshire. 

Sherifffor  Carnarvonshire  182  5,  for  Anglesey 
1826,  and  Montgomeryshire  1847  ;  son  of 
Rev.  Hugh  Davies  Griffith  of  Caerhun,  co. 
of  Carnarvon,  and  Emma,  his  wife,  sister 
of  Sir  John  Williams,  ist  Bart.,  of  Bodelwy- 
ddan,  Flintshire;  m.  Hester,  only  surviving 
child  and  heiress  of  T.  Thomas,  Esq.,  of 
Downing,  Flintshire,  and  Llechwedd-garth, 
Montgomeryshire. 

Heir :  His  son,  Hugh  Thomas  Davies. 

Residence:  Llechwedd-garth,  Montgomery- 
shire. 


LINEAGE. 

The  Griffiths  are  the  eldest  branch  of  the  family 
of  that  name  long  resident  in  Llanfechain,  co. 
Montgomery,  the  first  of  whom  was  twenty-second 
in  descent  from  Rhodri  Mawr,  King  of  Wales 
A.D.  877. 

HARE,  Thomas  William,  Esq.,  of  Berth-ddu, 
Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  county  of  Montgomery  ;  son 
of  the  late  James  Hare,  Esq.,  and  Louisa 
his  wife,  daughter  of  Thomas  Selleck 
Brome,  Esq.,  of  Colwich,  Staffordshire, 
whose  son,  the  Rev.  Henry  Selleck  Brome, 
A.M.,  purchased  the  Berth-ddu  property, 
and  devised  it  to  his  nephew,  the  present 
proprietor. 

Residence:  Berth-ddu,  near  Llanidloes. 
Arms:  (Not  received). 

LINEAGE. 

Mr.  Hare's  family,  which  came  from  Norfolk, 
has  been  for  a  long  time  connected  with  the  Indian 
service.  His  grandfather,  Joseph  Hare,  was  chief 
of  Patna  under  the  East  India  Company.  Many 
of  his  descendants  have  been  in  the  military  service 
of  the  Company  ;  and  one  of  his  grandsons,  George 
Hare,  a  captain  in  the  Hyderabad  Contingent, 
distinguished  himself  in  the  mutiny  which  broke 
out  in  1857,  to  which  he  fell  a  victim. 

HERBERT,  Rev.  John  Arthur,  of  Glan-Hafren, 

Montgomeryshire. 

Rector  of  Penstrowed;  Rural  Dean  of 
Arwystli ;  Hon.  Canon  of  Bangor ;  J.  P. 
for  the  co.  of  Montgomery  ;  son  of  George 
Arthur  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Glan-hafren,  J.  P. 
and  D.  L.  for  Montgomeryshire ;  b.  at 
Glan-hafren  1807  ;  ed.  at  Univ.  Coll.,  Ox- 
ford; grad.  B.A.  1830,  M.A.  1834;  m., 
1850,  Ellen  Mary,  only  child  of  Rev. 
Canon  Philipps,  Vicar  of  Pembroke ;  succ. 
on  the  death  of  his  father  in  1820  ;  is 
patron  of  the  living  of  Llanllugan,  of  which 
place  he  is  Lord  of  the  Manor. 

Heir  presumptive :  His  brother,  Col.  George 
Edward  Herbert,  b.  1809. 

Residence:  Glan-Hafren,  near  Newtown. 

Arms:  The  Herbert  arms,: — Per  pale  az.  and 
gu.,  three  lions  arg. 

Crest :  A  wyvern  vert. 

Motto :  Ung  je  serveray. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Herberts 
of  Chirbury. 

HETWARD,  John  Heyward,  Esq.,  of  Cross- 
wood,  Montgomeryshire,  andCilbronnau, 
Cardiganshire. 

(See  Heyward  of  Cilbronnau,  Cardigan- 
shire, p.  196,  ante.) 


824 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


HUMPHREYS,  Charles  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Dol- 
arddyn  Hall,  Montgomeryshire. 

Son  of  Charles  Milward  Dovaston  Hum- 
phreys, Esq.,  and  grandson  of  thelate  Charles 
Humphreys,  Esq.,  of  Pennant,  in  the  co.  of 
Montgomery;  b.  Nov.  18,  1824;  m., 
Feb.  21,  1857,  Harriet,  third  daughter  of 
John  Joce  Strick,  Esq  ,  of  Ynystanglws, 
Glamorganshire,  Mayor  of  Swansea  1852  ; 
has  issue  Charles  Martin  Strick,  William 
Frederick,  Gertrude  Susannah,  Constance 
Margaretta,  Charlotte  Frederica,  Alethea 
Maud. 

Heir  :  Charles  Martin  Strick,  b.  1858. 
Residence :  Dolarddyn  Hall,  near  Welshpool. 
Arms  :  Quarterly  :   ist  and  4th,  or,  a  lion  pas- 
sant gu. ;  2nd  and  3rd,  sa.,  three  nags'  heads  ppr. 
Crest :  A  nag's  head  erased  ppr. 
Motto  :  Honor  vertutis  premium. 


HUNTER,    Col.  William,  of    Mount-Severn, 
Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery  1859  ; 
Lieut.-Col. ;  held  in  India  the  appointments 
of  Political  Agent  in  the  Hilly  Tracts  of 
Mewar,  and  also  that  of  Commandant  of 
the  Mewar  Bheel  Corps  ;  was  present  at 
the  siege  of  Bhurtpoor  with  the  army  under 
the  command  of  Lord  Combermere  in  the 
years  1825-6,  and  received  medal  for  services 
on  that  occasion  (see  further,  note  below) ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Robert  Hunter,  Esq., 
of  Kew,  Surrey ;  b.  in  Cavendish  Square, 
London,  1800;  ed.  at  Harrow  School,  and 
afterwards  in  France  and  Germany ;  m., 
1854,  Emily  Jane,  daughter  of  Robert 
Wood,  Esq.,  of  Bath ;  and  has  issue  one 
son  and  one  daughter;  succ.,  1854,  as 
proprietor  of  the  Mount-Severn  estate; 
brother  living,  Col.  Charles  Hunter,  also  of 
Mount  Severn. 

Heir :  William  Charles  Hunter. 

Residence :  Mount  Severn,  near  Llanidloes. 

Town  House  :  22,  Lancaster  Gate,  Hyde  Park. 

A  rms :  Three  greyhounds  and  three  bugles. 

Crest :  A  greyhound's  head. 

Alotlo  :  Free  for  a  blast. 

LINEAGE. 

Col.  Hunter  derives  his  descent  through  Sir 
John  Paulet,  of  Paulet  and  Gatehurst,  Somerset, 
who  died  1356,  and  who  was  sixth  in  descent  from 
Hercules,  Lord  of  Tournon,  in  Picardy,  who  came 
to  England  temp.  Henry  I.,  and  settling  in  the 
lordship  of  Paulet,  Hants,  assumed  the  name  of  his 
residence. 

His  son,  Sir  John  de  Paulet,  died  in  1378, 
leaving  a  son,  Sir  John  Paulet,  Kt.,  who  died 
1429-30. 

The  great-grandson  of  the  last  Sir  John  Paulet 


was  Sir  William  Paulet,  Lord  St.  John  of  Basing 
1538,  Lord  of  Wiltshire  1550,  and  Marquess  of 
Winchester  1551,  K.G.,  Lord  Treasurer  of  England 
temp.  Edward  VI.,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth. 

The  Marquess  of  Winchester's  second  son  was 
Sir  Thomas  Paulet,  of  Cossington,  Somerset,  whose 
granddaughter,  Frances,  dau.  of  George  Paulet,  of 
Holborne,  Dorset,  nt.  Thomas  Gollop,  Esq.,  of 
Strode  and  North-Bowood.  Their  son  Thomas 
Gollop,  and  his  son,  of  the  same  name,  also  were 
of  Strode  and  North  Bowood. 

The  son  of  the  latter,  George  Gollop,  of  Berwick, 
had  a  dau.,  Elizabeth,  who  m.  —  Hansford,  Esq., 
whose  granddaughter,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Capt. 
Hansford,  R.N.,  m.  Robert  Hunter,  Esq.,  of  Kew, 
Surrey,  whose  eldest  son  is 

Col.  WILLIAM  HUNTER  (as  above). 

Note. — Col.  Hunter  during,  and  on  account  of,  his 
long  and  arduous  services  in  India,  and  especially 
owing  to  his  firm  and  skilful  but  humane  government 
of  the  Bheel  tribes,  and  as  Political  Superintendent  of 
the  hilly  tracts  in  Mewar,  received  the  frequent  ac- 
knowledgments of  his  superiors  and  the  thanks  of  the 
Indian  Government,  as,  ex.gr.,  on  his  report  on  the 
Bheel  tribes  in  1841,  and  on  his  successful  efforts  for 
their  civilization,  military  training,  and  general  govern- 
ment in  1843,  1844,  1846,  and  1848.  On  this  last 
occasion  the  Governor-General  in  council  conveyed  to 
Col.  Hunter  "  the  high  sense  entertained  of  his  ser- 
vices, and  the  regret  felt  that  he  was  about  to  lease 
the  scene  of  his  useful  and  beneficent  exertions." 


JENKINS,  John,  Esq.,  of  Pen-y-green,  Llanid- 
loes, Montgomeryshire. 

Town  Clerk  and  Clerk  to  borough  and  co. 
sessions  held  at  Llanidloes,  Montgomery- 
shire, and  Chief  Registrar  of  the  County 
Courts  of  Cardiganshire  held  at  Aberyst- 
wyth,  holding  also  judicial  appointment  in 
Bankruptcy  over  extended  districts  of  Car- 
diganshire, Montgomeryshire,  and  Meri- 
onethshire ;  Author  of  "  Observations  on 
Law  Reform,"  principally  advocating  the 
establishment  of  local  courts  in  England 
and  Wales  (Sweet,  Chancery  Lane, 
London,  1845);  and  an  "Essay  on 
National  Education  "  (Longmans,  1849); 
son  of  Mr.  Edward  Jenkins,  of  Llanidloes, 
manufacturer,  deceased  ;  b.  at  Llanidloes, 
November  26,  1821;  ed.  at  Shrewsbury 
School ;  is  unm. 

Residence :  Pen-y-green,  Montgomeryshire. 

Note. — The  estate  of  Pen-y-green  in  ancient  times 
belonged  to  the  Ingram  family,  who  held  vast  pos- 
sessions on  the  Upper  Severn,  and  intermarried  with 
the  Lloyds  (Kenyon)  of  Gredington,  Flintshire ;  and 
Mr.  Jenkins  holds  among  his  title  deeds  a  con- 
veyance from  the  Right  Honourable  Lloyd,  Lord 
Kenyon,  then  Chief  Justice  of  his  Majesty's  Court  of 
King's  Bench. 

The  parish  church  of  Llanidloes  is  one  of  the 
oldest  (date  unknown)  and  most  interesting  in  Wales. 
It  has  magnificent  pillars,  upholding  arches  decorated 
with  exquisite  carved  work.  The  walls  have  rich 
fresco  paintings,  and  at  the  altar  is  a  fine  ancient 
screen.  There  is  a  National  School,  built  in  1845, 
and  a  British  School  in  1865. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


825 


JONES,  Richard  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Cefn  Bryn- 

talch,  Montgomeryshire. 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery ;  son  of 
Richard  Jones,  Esq.,  The  Rock,  Newtown, 
Mont. ;  m.  to  Catharine,  dau.  of  the  late 
John  _Buckley  Williames,  Esq.,  of  Glan- 
hafren',  Montgomeryshire,  and  has  issue 
two  sons  and  one  dau. 

Residence :  Cefa  Bryntalch,  Abermule. 

LLOYD,  Jacob  Youde  William,  Esq.,  of  Cloch- 
faen,  Montgomeryshire. 

(Particulars  not  received). 

MYTTON,  Devereux  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Garth, 
Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery ;  late 
Captain  8$th  Light  Infantry ;  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Richard  Herbert  Mytton,  Esq., 
of  Garth,  and  formerly  of  the  Bengal  Civil 
Service  (d.  1869),  by  his  wife  Charlotte, 
third  dau.  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Paul  Macgregor, 
Auditor-General  of  Bengal  (she  d.  1861); 
/>.  pth  September,  1832,  in  India;  ed.  at 
Eton;  s.  to  estates  1869. 

Residence:  Garth,  near  Welshpool. 

Arms  :  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  per  pale  az. 
and  gu.,  an  eagle  displayed  with  two  heads  or, 
within  a  bordure  engrailed  of  the  last ;  2nd  and 
3rd.  arg.,  a  cinquefoil  az. 

Crest :  A  ram's  head  couped  arg.,  horned  or. 

LINEAGK. 

In  the  present  family  of  Garth  are  united  the 
lines  of  Myttons  of  Pont-is-Cowyrd  and  the  Wynns 
of  Garth,  both  houses  of  influence  in  Salop  and 
Montgomery  for  several  generations.  Richard 
Mytton,  of  Pont-is-Cowryd,  Sheriff  for  co.  of  Mont- 
gomery in  1674  (see  Sheriffs),  by  his  wife  Bridget, 
dau.  of  George  Devereux,  Esq. ,  of  Vaynor,  left  a 
son  and  heir, — 

Richard  Mytton,  Esq.,  who  ;«.  Dorothy,  dau. 
and  h.  of  Brochwel  IVynn,  Esq.,  of  Garth  (of  the 
line  of  Brochwel  Ysgythrog,  Prince  of  Powys),  and 
had  (besides  a  dau.  Catherine,  who  m.  Edward 
Devereux,  Viscount  Hereford)  a  son, — 

Devereux  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Garth,  whose  son 
Richard  died  vita  patris,  leaving  a  son,  Richard 
Mytton,  clerk,  who  succeeded  as  heir  to  the  estates 
on  the  demise  of  his  grandfather  in  1809.  He  m., 
1804,  Charlotte,  dau.  of  John  Herbert,  Esq.,  of 
Dolforgan,  co.  of  Montgomery,  and  left  a  son, — 

Richard  Herbert  Mytton,  Esq.,  of  Garth,  father 
of  the  present  representative,- — 

DEVEREUX  HERBERT  MYTTON,  Esq.  (as  above) 

NAYLOE,  John,  Esq.,  of  Leighton  Hall,  Mont- 
gomeryshire. 

J.   P.  and   D.   L.  for  the  co.   of  Mont- 
gomery; Sheriff  for  same  co.  1853;  son 


of  the  late  John  Naylor,  Esq.,  of  Hartford 
Hill,  Cheshire,  by  his  wife  Dorothy  Bul- 
lin  ;  b.  1813  ;  m.,  1846,  Georgiana  dau.  of 
John  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Ness  Strange, 
Salop  (see  Edwards  of  Dolserau),  and  has 
issue  three  sons  and  seven  daughters. 

Heir:  Christopher  John,  b.  1849. 

Residence:  Leighton  Hall,  Welshpool. 

Arms :  Per  pale  or  and  arg.,  a  pale  sa,  fretty 
gold,  between  2  lions  rampant  of  the  third. 

Crest :  A  lion  passant  sa.  charged  on  the  body 
with  two  saltiers  or. 


OWEN,  Mrs,  of  Ulan-Severn,  Montgomery- 
shire. 

Anne  Warburton  Owen,  widow  of  William 
Owen,  Esq.,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Montgomery  ;  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll.,  Cam- 
bridge; fifth  wrangler  and  B.A.  1782, 
M.A.  1785;  Commissioner  of  Bankrupts; 
King's  Counsel,  Bencher  and  Treasurer  of 
Lincoln's  Inn ;  son  of  Owen  Owen,  Esq., 
of  Cefn  Hafod,  co.  Montgomery,  High 
Sheriff  1766,  by  Anne,  his  wife,  dau.  and 
heiress  of  Charles  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Llifion, 
in  the  same  co.  Mr.  Owen  s.  on  the  death 
of  his  elder  brother,  Sir  Arthur  Davies 
Owen,  Knt. ;  m  i8i6;//.  1837.  Mrs.  Owen 
is  dau.  and  only  child  of  the  late  Capt. 
Thomas  Slaughter,  i6th,  or  Queen's  Light 
Dragoons,  only  son  of  Thomas  Slaughter, 
Esq.  (High  Sheriff  for  co.  of  Chester  1755), 
and  Anne,  his  wife,  dau.  of  Thomas  War- 
burton,  Esq.,  son  of  Sir  Peter  Warburton, 
of  Arlay,  co.  of  Chester,  2nd  Bart. 

Residence:  Glan- Severn,  near  Montgomery. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st,  sa.,  between  three 
scaling-ladders  a  spear-head  embrued  arg.  ;  on  a 
chief  ermine  a  tower  triple-turreted  ppr.  (Cadi/or 
ap  Dinawal) — OWEN  ;  2nd,  ermine,  a  lion 
rampant  sa.  in  a  bordure  gu.  semee  of  mullets 
arg. — for  Madoc  Danwr;  3rd,  az.,  a  lion  ram- 
pant guardant  or— (or  Llewelyn  Awdorchog;  4th, 
sa.,  three  nags'  heads  erased  arg. — for  Brochwel 
Ysgythrog. 

Crests:  1st,  a  wolf  salient  ppr.— Owen;  2nd, 
a  stag  trippant  ppr.,  horned  and  hoofed  or — 
Evans  of  Rhyd-y-Carn. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  by  male  descent  from  Rhodri 
Mawr,  King  ofN.  Wales  and  Powis,  and  eventually 
of  all  Wales,  and  in  the  female  line  from  Llewelyn 
Aurdorchog  (through  the  Evanses  of  Rhyd-y-Carn), 
and  from  Brochwel  Ysgythrog  (through  the  Davieses 
of  Llifion).  Among  distinguished  members  of  this 
family  in  past  time  may  be  named  Edward  Owen 
(brother  of  Owen  Owen  above  named),  Rector  of 
Warrington,  co.  Lancaster,  Head  Master  of  the 
Grammar  School  there,  translator  of  Juvenal  and 
Persius ;  Vice-Admiral  Sir  E.  W.  C.  R.  Owen, 
G.C.B.,  G.C.H.,  &c. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


Note. — Fora  view  of  Glan-Sevcrn,  see  p.  802.  The 
mansion  was  erected  by  Sir  A.  D.  Owen,  Kt.,  above 
named,  but  was  much  enlarged  and  improved  by  its 
late  possessor.  The  grounds  are  laid  out  with  much 
taste,  with  an  ornamental  lake  in  sight  of  the  house  ; 
and  a  fine  view  is  obtained  from  the  windows  of  the 
Corn-du  and  Montgomery  hills.  Among  the  works  of 
art  and  objects  of  interest  it  contains  are  portraits  of 
Admiral  Sir  E.  W.  C.  R.  Owen.  G.C.B  ,  by  Pickers- 
gill ;  William  Owen,  Esq.,  King's  Counsel,  commenced 
by  an  artist  who  died,  and  finished  by  Pickersgill ; 
Mrs.  Owen,  by  Sant ;  Sir  A.  D.  Owen  ;  his  brother, 
Rev.  David  Owen,  Fell,  of  Trin..  Coll.,  Cambr., 
Senior  Wrangler  1777. 

Among  chief  antiquities  on  the  estate  (which  lies  for 
the  most  part  in  the  parishes  of  Berriew  and  Llan- 
gurig)  is  a  large  British  tumulus  or  earthwork  on  the 
bank  of  the  Luggy  Brook,  about  one  hundred  yards  to 
the  west  side  of  the  Newtown  and  Welshpool  road. 
Between  this  tumulus  and  another  on  Hen-domen 
Hill,  near  Montgomery,  is  a  line  of  monoliths,  one  of 
which,  called  Maen  Beuno,  is  connected  by  tradition 
with  St.  Beuno,  the  patron  saint  of  the  church  of 
Berriew.  Several  of  these  stones  are  on  the  Lower 
Luggy  and  Llwyn-y-Cruth  farms,  which  are  part  of 
the  Berriew  estate. 


PERROTT,  Robert  Simcocks,  Esq.,  of  Bryn- 
hyddon, Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery  (1857)  ; 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1865  ;  son  of  the  late 
Robert  Perrott,  Esq.,  of  Brynhyddon,  for- 
merly Capt.  4th  or  King's  Own  Regt,  by 
Magdalene,  dau.  of  Thomas  Evans,  Esq , 
of  Glanbrogan  ;  ;«.,  Sept.  12,  1849,  Eliza- 
beth Ann,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Griffith 
Owen,  of  Ymwlch,  Rector  of  Dolbenmaen 
and  Penmorfa,  Carnarvonshire,  and  has 
issue  ;  eldest  son, — 

Robert  Owen  Perrott,  b.  loth  July,  1850. 

Resilience:  Brynhyddon,  Oswestry. 
Arms :  (Not  sent). 


PICKMERE,  John  Richard,  Esq.,  of  The  Mount, 
Montgomeryshire. 

Son  of  John  Pickmere,  Esq  ,  of  The  Grove, 
Warrington,  Lancashire  ;  b.  at  Warrington, 
28th  Dec.,  1794;  ed.  at  Dr.  Fawcett's 
School,  Chester  ;  »/.,  3rd  May,  1823,  Eliza, 
dau.  of  John  Thornhill,  Esq.,  of  Buxton, 
and  has  issue  three  sons  and  three  daus.  ; 
author  of  "  Being,  analytically  described  in 
its  Chief  Respects  ;  "  acquired  the  Mount 
estate,  Llanfair-Caereinion,  by  purchase 
in  1853. 

Eldest  son :  yohn  R.  Pickmere,  Esq.,  late  Major 
of  the  gth  Royal  Lancashire  Rifle  Volunteers. 

Residence ;  The  Mount,  Llanfair-Caereinion. 

Arms :  (as  illustrated  in  the  plates  of  arms  in 
King's  "Vale  Royal  of  England,"  published  in 
1656)  :  Ermine,  three  lions'  jambes  erased  gu. 


Crest :  On  a  wreath,  a  demi-lion  rampant  gu., 
ducally  crowned  or. 
Motto:   Fide  et  amore. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Pike- 
meres,  formerly  of  Pikemere,  a  township  (now  and 
for  very  many  years  past  spelt  Pickmere)  in  Cheshire. 
Hugh  Venables,  Baron  of  Kinderton,  having,  temp. 
Henry  III.,  granted  to  Hugh  de  Pikemere  and  his 
heirs  a  moiety  of  the  village  of  Pikemere.  This  is 
recorded  in  Sir  Peter  Leycester's  "  Historical  An- 
tiquities of  Cheshire,"  published  in  1673. 

Among  its  distinguished  members  may  be  named 
Sir  William  Pickmere,  who,  in  Pennant's  "Tour 
in  Wales,"  1784,  is  stated  to  have  been  appointed 
by  Edward  the  First  Governor  of  Beaumaris  Castle, 
Anglesey,  after  its  erection  by  that  monarch,  and 
the  late  Vice-Admiral  Francis  Pickmere,  Governor 
of  Newfoundland. 

Note. — The  Mount  is  a  plain  stmcture,  chiefly 
modem,  on  a  site  commanding  extensive  views  of  the 
varied  and  beautiful  scenery  around  Llanfair,  watered 
by  the  river  Vyrnwy. 


POVIS.  Edward  James  Herbert,  Earl  of,  Powis 
Castle,  Montgomeryshire. 

Creations :  Baron  Powis,  of  Powis  Castle, 
and  Baron  Herbert,  of  Chirbury,  Viscount 
Clive,  and  Earl  of  Powis,  peerage  of  United 
Kingdom,  1804;  Baron  in  the  Irish  peer- 
age, 1762  ;  Baron  Clive  of  Walcot,  1794. 

Third  Earl  of  Powis  ;  High  Steward  of 
the  University  of  Camb. ;  LL.D.,  D.C.L. ; 
Lieut.-Col.  Comm.  S.  Salop  Yeom.  Cavalry; 
J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  cos.  of  Montgomery 
and  Salop  ;  was  M.P.  for  N.  Salop  1843-8  ; 
is  patron  of  fifteen  livings  ;  eldest  son  of 
Edward  Herbert,  second  Earl  of  Powis, 
K.G.,  &c.,  by  the  Lady  Lucy  Graham, 
third  dau.  of  James,  third  Duke  of  Mon- 
trose,  K.G.  (see  Lineage);  b.  1818;  ed.  at 
Eton  and  St.  John's  Coll.  Cambridge  ;  grad. 
M.A.  and  D.C.L.  1840  (Hon.  D.C.L.  of 
Oxford  1857). 

Heir  Presumptive;  Right  Hon.  Sir  Percy 
Egerton  Herbert,  K.C.B.,  M.P. 

Residences :  Powis  Castle,  Montgomeryshire  ; 
Walcot,  Shropshire. 

Town  House :  45,  Berkeley  Square. 

Arms:  Per  pale  az.  and  gu.,  three  lions  ram- 
pant arg.  (See  Herbert,  Shield  of,  1684,  p  796.) 

Crest :  A  wyvern  vert  holding  in  the  mouth  a 
sinister  hand,  couped  at  the  wrist  gu. 

Supporters :  Dexter,  an  elephant  arg.  ;  sinister, 
a  griffin  wings  elevated  arg.,  ducally  gorged 
gu.,  and  charged  with  five  mullets  in  saltire  sa. 

Motto  :  Ung  je  serviray, 

LINEAGE. 

The  earlier  stages  in  the  genealogy  of  this  noble 
house,  in  the  Herbert  line,  are  already  given  under 
fmuis  Castle,  p.  794,  and  under  Raglan  Castle  and 
Llanarth,  co.  Monmouth,  pp.  718,  741,  776.  Kor 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


827 


the  earlier  Barons  of  Powys,  and  details  concerning 
various  members  of  the  influential  and  numerous 
clan  at  Herbert,  see  also  "Nicolas's  Peerage"  and 
"Collins"  Peerage." 

.  The  present  noble  owner  of  Powis  Castle  traces 
his  lineage  from  the  union  of  the  Herbert  line  with 
that  of  Clive  of  Huxley,  Cheshire,  and  Styche,  Salop, 
and  has  among  his  more  distinguished  forefathers, 
in  either  line,  the  celebrated  "  Lord  Herbert  of 
Chirbury,"  and  the  distinguished  soldier,  Lord 
Clive,  known  for  his  brilliant  career  in  India,  in 
token  of  which  he  was  created  Baron  Clive  of 
Plassey.  The  eminent  George  Herbert,  the  poet, 
was  brother  of  Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury. 

Henry  Arthur  Herbert,  Earl  of  Powis,  and  first 
Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury  of  the  third  creation, 
eighth  in  descent  from  Sir  William  ap  Thomas  ap 
Gwilym,  of  Raglan  Castle,  dying  in  1772  without 
issue  male,  was  succeeded  by  his  brother  George, 
last  Earl  of  Powis  of  the  Herbert  line,  who  d.  s.  p. 
1801,  when  the  title  became  extinct,  and  the  estates 
devolved  upon  his  niece,  Henrietta  Antonia  Her- 
bert, dau.  of  Henry  Arthur  Herbert,  Earl  of  Powis 
aforesaid.  Shew.  1784. 

Edward  Clive,  second  Baron  Clive  of  Plassey 
(son  of  the  eminent  Lord  Clyde  above  named), 
who  was  created  Baron  Powis  of  Powis  Castle, 
Baron  Herbert  of  Cherbury,  Viscount  Clive,  and 
Earl  of  Powis,  in  1804.  He  left  issue — 

1.  EDWARD,  second  Earl  of  Powis  (of  this  crea- 
tion), b.  1785,  of  whom  hereafter. 

2.  Robert  Henry,  b.  1789;  entered  the  army; 
m.   Harriet,  dau.   of  fifth  Earl  of  Plymouth,  and 
had  issue. 

3.  Henrietta   Antonia,    m.,    1817,    Sir   Watkin 
Williams  Wynn,   Bart.     (See   Williams    Wynn  of 
Wyniistay.) 

4.  Charlotte  Florentia,  m.,  1817,  Hugh  Percy, 
third  Duke  of  Northumberland. 

EDWARD,  second  Earl  of  Powis,  m.,  1818,  Lucy, 
third  dau.  of  James,  third  Duke  of  Montrose, 
K.G.,  and  had  issue — 

1.  EDWARD  JAMES  HERBERT,  the  present  and 
third  earl  (as  above). 

2.  Lucy  Caroline,  b.  1819;  m.,  1865,  Frederick 
Calvert,  Esq.,  Q.C. 

3.  Charlotte  Elizabeth,  b.  1821  ;m.,  1846,  Hugh 
Montgomery,  Esq.,  of  Grey  Abbey,  co.  Down. 

4.  Right  Hon.  Sir  Percy  Egerton  (heir  presump- 
tive), *.  1822  ;  Major-Gen.,  C.B.,  P.P.  ;  Treasurer 
of  Her  Majesty's   Household   1867-8;    M.P.    for 
South  Salop  since  1865  ;   m.,   1860,   Lady  Mary, 
dau.   and  only  child  of  the  late  Earl  of  Kerry, 
eldest  son  of  the  third  Marquess  of  Lansdowne, 
K.G.,   and  has  with  other  issue  George,  b.   1862. 
Residence :  43,  Charles  Street,  Berkeley  Square,  W. 
Clubs :  Carlton  ;  United  Service. 

5.  The  Very  Rev.  George,  Dean  of  Hereford  ;  b. 
1825  ;    m.,   1863,   Elizabeth  Beatrice,  fourth  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  Tatton  Sykes,  Bart.,  and  has  issue. 

6.  Robert  Charles,   b.    1827  ;   a  barrister  ;  m., 
1 854,  Anna  Maria,  dau.  and  h.  of  the  late  Edward 
Cludde,  Esq.,  of  Orleton,  Shropshire,  and  has  issue. 

7.  Harriet  Jane,  b.  1831. 

8.  William  Henry,  b.  1834;  Lieut. -Col.  in  the 
army. 

Note. — For  a  notice  of  Pmuis  Castle,  with  engrav- 
ings and  a  history  of  the  family,  see  pp.  792-8  ante. 

PRITCHARD,  David  Pritohard,  Esq.,  of  Ceniarth, 
Montgomeryshire. 

Son  of  Catharine,  n'ee  Pritchard  (only  child 


of  David  Pritchard,  Esq.)  who  m.  David, 
third  son  of  William  Cobb  Gilbertson, 
Esq.,  of  Cefngwyn,  Cardiganshire,  nephew 
and  heir  of  William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Dol-y- 
Clettwr,  who  served  as  High  Sheriff  for  the 
co.  of  Cardigan  1766  ;  b,  at  Western  House, 
South  Kensington,  I3th  Oct.,  1849  ;  ed.  at 
Westminster  School,  and  is  now  (1872)  an 
undergraduate  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Cambridge  ; 
s.  to  estates  i3th  Oct.,  1870,  on  attaining 
his  majority.  (See  Lineage). 

Residence :  Ceniarth,  near  Machynlleth. 
Crest :   A  wild  boar  ppr. 
Motto :  Duw  a'n  bendithio. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Pritchards  of  Ceniarth  trace  their  lineage  to 
a  stock  settled  at  an  early  period  in  the  parish  of 
Meifod,  of  whom  "  Y  Llyr  Craff  o  Feifod"  was  a 
prominent  member.  They  have  been  known  by 
the  surname  Pritchard  from  the  time  when  surnames 
werefirstintroducedinto  Wales  (/i»//.  Henry  VIII. ). 
Edward  Pritchard,  the  owner  of  Ceniarth  about 
eighty  years  ago,  being,  it  is  believed,  the  ninth. 
possessor  of  the  name. 

Edward  Pritchard  (the  sixth,  d.  1698)  m.  a 
sister  of  William  Pughe,  of  Mathafarn  (d.  Sept.  26, 
1719)  ;  he  was  the  son  of  Rowland,  the  sixth  Ap 
Edward,  &c.,  for  twelve  generations. 

Rowland  Pritchard  (the  seventh,  d.  1709)  m. 
Jane  Owen,  of  Llynlloedd  (d.  26th  March,  1709). 

Edward  Pritchard  (the  seventh)  m.  Sarah,  dau. 
of  Morgan  Lloyd  (2nd  son  of  Edward  Lloyd  of 
Clochfaen)  of  Caelan,  Llanbrynmair,  and  sister 
of  Lyttleton  Lloyd,  a  part  of  whose  will  is  copied 
into  the  Powysland  Club  papers,  but  not  correctly. 
His  father's  name,  Morgan  Lloyd,  is  put  instead  of 
his  own.  His  last  will,  dated  loth  January,  1734, 
devises  among  other  things  "a  small  tenement  in 
the  parish  of  Trefegl  wys  and  county  of  Montgomery, 
commonly  called  by  the  name  of  Cefn  y  Cloddiau, 
in  the  possession  of  one  David  Williams,  towards 
the  schooling  of  the  poor  of  the  parish  of  Llanbryn- 
mair, to  read,  write,  and  casting  up  accounts  as  be 
fit  and  reasonable  to  their  use,"  &c.,  and  in  default 
of  the  performance  of  such  uses  by  the  vicar  and 
churchwardens,  then  to  his  "nephew,  Rowland 
Pritchard,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  '  £c.  ;  he  also 
devised  the  sum  of  ten  pounds,  the  interest  to  be 
paid  to  the  rector  of  Newtown  "for  preaching  a 
sermon  on  Good  Friday,  and  that  every  year  as 
long  as  the  Severn  runs.  (See  Lloyd  of  Clochfaen. ) 

Rowland,  the  eighth  (b.  1704,  d.  1768),  m.  Jane, 
dau  of  Richard  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Gwern  y  Bere, 
Darowen.  and  left  a  son,  Edward,  the  eighth,  who 
»/.,  1756,  Jane,  dau.  of  David  Rees,  Esq.,  of 
Maesypandy,  Mer.,  and  had  a  son,  Edward,  the 
ninth,  who  m.,  1803,  Bridget,  dau.  of  John  Parry, 
Esq.,  of  Aberystwyth,  d.  s.  p.  1810,  and  his  wife, 
d.  i8n.  The  second  son,  David  Pritchard,  Esq., 
m.,  1794,  Sarah,  dau.  of  Thomas  Newel,  Esq.,  of 
Shrewsbury,  and  had  issue — 

David  Pritchard,  Esq.  (b.  1797),  whosucc.  to  the 
estate  on  the  decease  of  his  uncle  above  named 
(1810);  m.,  1819,  Bridget,  dau.  of  Thomas  James, 
Esq.,  of  Aberystwyth;  d.  3Oth  Dec.,  1859;  Mrs. 
Pritchard  d.  nth  Jan.,  1863,  leaving  an  only 
child, — 

CATHERINE  PRITCHARD,  m.  David,  3rd  son  of 


828 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


W.  Cobb  Gilbertson,  Esq.,  J.  P.  of  Cefn-gwyn, 
Card,  (by  his  third  wife,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Isaac  Williams,  of  Ystrad-teilo),  and  has  with 
other  issue  a  second  eldest  son, — 

DAVID  PRITCHARD  PRITCHARD,  Esq.,  present 
representative  (as  above). 

Note. — The  old  house  of  Ceniarth  was  erected  more 
than  200  years  ago,  but  a  part  was  added  about  eighty 
years  since  by  Edward  Pritchard,  above  mentioned. 


PB.TCE,  Mrs.,  of  Gunley,  Montgomeryshire. 

Eliza  Pryce,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Henry  Mostyn  Pryce,  M.A.,  of  Gunley  (see 
the  Gunley  pedigree  following) ;  dau.  and 
only  child  of  John  Williams,  Esq.,  of 
H£ndydley  Hall,  Newtown ;  m.  to  the 
Rev.  R.  H.  Mostyn  Pryce  in  1856;  and 
succ.  on  his  decease  1858. 

Heir  Presumptive  :  Edward  Mostyn  Harryman 
Price  (see  Lineage). 

Residence :  Gunley,  Chirbury,  Salop. 

Arms :  Arg.  a  lion  passant  sa.  armed  and 
langued  gu.  between  three  fleurs  de  lis  two  and 
one  of  the  last. 

LINEAGE. 

The  substance  of  this  pedigree  is  taken  direct 
from  the  family  pedigree  now  at  Gunley,  and  col- 
lated with  Lewys  Zhann's  autograph  MS.,  also  pre- 
served at  the  same  place. 

Hugh  of  Gunley,  living  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
was  lineally  descended  from  Einion  ap  Seissyllt, 
Lord  of  Meirionydd,  (of  the  reputed  line  of  Canedda 
Wledig,  King  of  Britain).  He  m.  Margaret, 
heiress  of  Gunley,  living  1450,  the  dau.  and  heiress 
of  David  Lloyd,  descended  through  Trahaiarn, 
Lord  of  Guilsfield,  from  Balliol,  Lord  of  Guilsfield. 
The  wife  of  David  Lloyd  was  Sislie,  dau.  of  John, 
Lord  of  Rossell,  great-grandson  of  Sir.  W.  Rossell, 
and  of  Elinor,  great-granddaughter  of  Sir  Philip 
Thornes.  The  son  of  Hugh  and  Margaret  of 
Gunley, — 

Morris,  m.  Agnes,  dau.  of  John  Cliprie,  Lord  of 
Cliprie  [Cleobury],  by  Jane,  dau.  of  Sir  William 
Newton,  Kt.  Their  son, — 

Rees,  Lord  of  Marlon,  m,  Margaret  [Dwnn 
"Ales"],  dau.  of  John  Myddelton,  descended  from 
"Y  Pothan  Flaidd,"  great-grandson  of  Rhirid 
Flaidd,  Lord  of  Penllyn.  (See  Myddelton- Biddtilph 
of  Chirk  Castle.)  Their  son  Richard  was  surnamed 
ap  Rhys  (Pryse),  and  his  son — 

Richard  Pryce,  of  Gunley  (the  first  so  named), 
»/.  Jane,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Richard  ap  Owen,  of 
direct  descent  through  Lloyds  of  Tregynon  from 
Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  prince  of  Powys,  from  Broch- 
wel  Ysgythrog.  Their  son, — 

Edward  Pryce,  of  Gunley,  m.  Bridget,  dau.  of 
John,  one  of  Cromwell's  captains,  and  granddau. 
of  John  Richard  of  Chirbury,  in  direct  line  fiom 
"John  Warin  o  Mwythig,"  of  the  line  of  the  Earl 
ot  Warren  and  Surrey,  who  m.  Gundred,  fifth  dau. 
of  William  the  Conqueror.  Their  son, — 

Edward  Pryce,  of  Pont-y-Porchill,  had,  by  Sinah 
his  wife,  a  numerous  family,  one  of  whom, — 

Edmund  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Gunley,  m.  a  dau.  of 
J.  Edwards,  Esq.,  Rearington,  and  had  issue — 

Richard,  Sheriff  of  Montgomeryshire,  1 761,  whose 


son  John  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Maunsell  Bransby,  Esq., 
and  had  three  children,  one  of  whom, — 

Richard  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Gunley,  Sheriff  of  Mont. 
1817,  m.  Eliza  Constantia  Edwards,  dau.  of  Samuel 
D'Elboeuf  Edwards,  of  Pentre,  Esq.,  who  was 
lineally  descended  from  Baron  D'Elboeuf,  first 
cousin  of  William  the  Conqueror.  They  had 
twelve  children,  two  sons  and  ten  daughters,  one 
of  the  latter  of  whom,  Eliza  Constantia,  m.  Capt. 
Robert  Campbell,  R.N.  (1827),  and  had  issue 
Lewis  D'Elboeuf  (d.  1828)  Lewis  and  Robert ; 
another,  Charlotte  Margaret,  m.,  1842,  the  Rev. 
James  Wilding,  Vicar  of  Chirbury,  Salop  ;  a  third, 
Emma,  m.  Mathew  Crosier,  Esq.  ;  and  a  fourth, 
Harriotte,  m.  Robert  Devereux  Harrison,  and  had 
issue  Sarah  Harriotte,  and  George  Devereux  ;  Con- 
stantia, Charlotte,  and  Robert.  Their  eldest  son, — 

RICHARD  HENRY  MOSTYN  PRYCE  (d.  1858),  in 
holy  orders,  m.,  1856,  Eliza,  only  child  of  John 
Williams,  Esq.,  of  Hendydley  Hall,  near  New- 
town,  now  of  Gunley  (as  above). 

The  second  son,  John  Edward  Harryman  Pryce, 
(d.  1866),  Capt.  in  the  Army,  and  Col.  of  the 
Montgom.  Rifles,  m. ,  1st.,  1850,  Eliza  Martha, 
dau.  of  the  late  F.  Burton,  Esq. ,  of  the  Twelfth 
Lancers  (she  d.  1866)  ;  2ndly,  1862,  Sarah  Beatrice 
Hamilton,  dau.  of  Major-Gen.  Hamilton,  and  had 
from  the  former  one  son,  Edward  Mostyn  Harry- 
man, ed.  at  Chebenham  College,  now  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  heir  to  the  Gunley  estates, 
and  from  the  latter  two  sons.  (See  further  Pryce, 
Mrs.,  of  Mont.,  &>t. 


PE.TCE,  Mrs.,  of  Montgomeryshire. 

Sarah  Beatrice,  widow  of  Lieut-Col.  John 
Edward  Harryman  Pryce,  (d.  1866),  Capt. 
in  the  Army,  and  Lieut.-Col.  of  the  Royal 
Montgomery  Rifles.  He  was  second  son 
of  Richard  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Gunley,  co.  of 
Montgomery  (see  Pryce,  Mrs.  of  Gunley) ; 
b.  1818  ;  m.,  2gth  July,  1862,  Sarah  Beatrice 
(now  his  widow),  dau.  of  the  late  Major- 
Gen.  Christopher  Hamilton,  C.B.  (d.  1842, 
when  in  command  of  the  South  Western 
district  of  Ireland) ;  youngest  son  of  James 
Hamilton,  Esq.,  of  Sheephill  (now  Abbots- 
town),  near  Dublin  ;  for  many  years  M.P. 
for  the  co.  of  Dublin,  by  the  Hon.  Sarah, 
second  dau.  of  the  second  Baron  Castle- 
maine  of  Moydrum  Castle,  co.  Westmeath, 
and  has  left  issue  two  sons  : — 

Richard,  b.  I4th  May,  1864. 

George  Henry,  b.  251)1  June,  1866. 

Residence :  (At  present)  Homburg,  near  Frank  - 
fort-on-the-Maine. 


PEYCB,  -Robert  Danes,  Esq.,    of  Cyfronydd, 
Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  cos.  Montgomery  and 
Merioneth ;  High  Sheriff  for  former  co. 
1849 ;  Captain  Mont.  Yeom.  Cavalry ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Pryce  Jones,  Esq., 
of  Cyfronydd,  by  his  wife,  Jane,  dau.  of 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


829 


John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Aberllefeny,  co.  of 
Merioneth ;  b.  at  Cyfronydd,  Dec.  25, 
1819;  ed.  at  Rugby  and  St.  John's  Coll., 
Cambridge;  grail.  B.A.  1842;  m.,  1849, 
Jane  Sophia,  dau.  of  St.  J.  C.  Charlton, 
Esq.,  of  Apley  Castle,  Shropshire ;  has 
issue  four  sons, — 

1.  Atlielstane  Robert,  b.  1 6th  Nov.,  1850; 
Lieut.  131)1  Hussars. 

2.  Pryce  Meyrick,  b.  znd  April,  1851. 

3.  Arthur  Hamilton,  £.  i2th  June,  1864. 

4.  Walter  Charlton,  b.  i6th  Sept.,  1865. 

Heir:  Athelstane  Robert. 

Residences :  Cyfronydd,  near  Welshpool ;  Aber- 
llefeny, Merionethshire. 

Arms  :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  or,  a  lion  ram- 
pant gu.  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  arg.,  three  bears'  paws 
ppr. 

Crest :  A  lion  rampant  gu. 

Motto :  Heb  Dduw  heb  ddim  ;  Duw  a  digon. 

Note. — Cyfronvdd  has  been  in  the  possession  of  this 
family  for  more  than  a  century  and  a  half.  The  pre- 
sent mansion  is  recently  built. 


SUDELET,  Sudeley  Charles  George  Hanbury- 
Tracy,  Baron  of  Gregynog,  Montgomery- 
shire, and  Toddington,  Gloucestershire. 

Creation  1838.  Third  Baron  Sudeley  of 
Toddington  ;  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Gustos 
Rotulorum  of  the  co.  of  Montgomery  ;  late 
Capt.  Grenadier  Guards,  retired  1863  ; 
eldest  son  of  Thomas  Charles,  second 
Lord  Sudeley  (see  Lineage);  b.  1837;  ed. 
at  Harrow;  succ.  1863;  is  unm. 

Heir  Presumptive:  His  brother,  Hon.  Charles 
Douglas  Pennant,  M.  P.  for  the  Montgomery 
Boroughs  since  1863;  b.  1840;  entered  the 
Navy,  served  in  the  Hecla  and  Blenkeim  during 
the  Crimean  war ;  resigned  1 863  ;  was  called 
to  the  bar  1866  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Mont.  ;  »;.,  1868,  Ada  Maria,  dau.  of  the  Hon. 
Frederick  J.  Tollemache,  and  has  issue. 

Residences :  Gregynog,  near  Newtown,  Mont. ; 
Toddington,  Gloucestershire. 

Town  Address :  St.  James's  Club. 

Arms :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  or,  an  escallop 
in  the  chief  point  sa.  between  two  bendlets  gu. — 
TRACY  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  or,  a  bend  engrailed  vert 
plain  cotised  sa. — HANBURY. 

Crests :  I.  On  a  chapeau  turned  up  ermine  an 
escallop  sa.  between  two  wings  or — Tracy ;  2. 
Out  of  a  mural  crown  sa.  a  demi-lion  rampant  or, 
holding  in  the  paws  a  battle-axe  sa.,  helved  gold 
— Han-bury. 

Supporters:  On  either  side  a  falcon,  wings 
elevated  ppr.,  beaked  and  belled  or. 

Motto :  Memoria  pii  aeterna. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Tracys  claim  to  be  of  Saxon  descent,  and 
trace  their  lineage,  with  possession  of  the  demesne 
of  Toddington,  from  times  anterior  to  the  Norman 


Conquest.  The  Ffanburys,  seated  in  Worcestershire 
before  the  fifteenth  century,  were  afterwards  of 
Pont-y-pool,  co.  Monmouth.  (See  Capel Hanbury, 
of  Pont-y-pool  Park.) 

John  Hanbury,  Esq.,  of  Pont-y-pool  Park,  b. 
1744  (d.  1784),  M.P.  for  the  co.  of  Monmouth 
(see  Parl.  Annals  of  Man.),  by  his  wife  Anne, 
dau.  of  Morgan  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  St.  Pierre,  co. 
Monmouth,  left,  with  other  issue, — (the  eldest  son, 
John,  d.  unm.,  the  second  son,  Capel,  inherited 
Pont-y-pool  Park) — 

Charles  Hanbury,  Esq.,  third  son,  b.  1777;  *"•> 
1798,  Henrietta  Susannah  Tracy,  only  child  and 
h.  of  Henry,  Eighth  and  last  Viscount  Tracy, 
peerage  of  Ireland,  and  assumed  thereupon  the 
additional  surname  and  arms  of  Tracy.  He  was 
raised  to  the  peerage  1838  as  Baron  Sudeley  of 
Toddington,  and  dying  in  1858,  left  by  his  wife, 
before  named,  who  d.  1 839,  surviving  issue  : — 

1.  THOMAS  CHARLES,  second  Baron  Sudeley. 

2.  Henry,    b.    1802.      (See   Hanbury-Tracy  of 
Gregynog.) 

3.  William,  b.  1810,  late  of  the  Civil  Service  of 
Madras. 

4.  Henrietta. 

5.  Laura  Susannah. 

THOMAS  CHARLES  HANBURY-TRACY,  second 
Baron  Sudeley,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  co.  Mont- 
gomery, b.  1801  ;  m.,  1831  (d.  1863),  Emma 
Elizabeth  Alicia,  dau.  of  George  Hay  Dawkins 
Pennant,  Esq.,  of  Penrhyn  Castle,  co.  of  Carnarvon 
(see  Penrhyn,  Lord,  of  Penrhyn  Castle),  by  whom 
he  had  issue  six  sons  and  six  daus.  : — • 

1.  SUDELEY    CHARLES    GEORGE     HANBURY- 
TRACY,  present  and  third  baron  (as  above). 

2.  Charles  Douglas  Richard,  M.  P.  (as  above). 

3.  Algernon  Cornwallis  Henry,  b.  1844  ;  d.  1845. 

4.  Alfred  Francis  Algernon,  b.  1846  ;  in.,  1868, 
Agnes  Jane,  dau.  of  the  late  H.  J.  Hoare,  Esq.,  of 
Morden  Lodge,  Surrey. 

5.  Frederick  Stephen  Archibald,  b.  1848. 

6.  Hubert  George  Edward,  b.  1855. 

1.  Juliana  Sophia  Elizabeth. 

2.  Georgiana  Henrietta  Emma;  m.  Charles  H. 
Maude,  Esq.,  in  the  Madras  Military  Service. 

3.  Adelaide   Frances   Isabella ;    m.,    1859,    the 
Rev.  Frederick  Peel,  M.A. 

4.  Alice  Augusta  Gertrude  ;  tn.,  1861,  Charles 
Edmund  Webber,  Esq.,  Capt.  Royal  Engineers. 

5.  Madeline  Emily  Augusta  ;  t.  1852. 

6.  Gertrude  Emily  Rosamond  ;  d.  an  infant. 

Note. — For  a  notice  of  Gregynog,  with  engraving 
of  the  mansion,  &c.,  see  p.  804,  ante. 


TEACY,  Hon.  Henry  Hanbury-,  of  Gregynog, 
Montgomeryshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery ; 
formerly  Lieut.-Col.  of  Royal  Montgomery 
Militia;  second  son  of  Charles,  ist  Baron 
Sudeley,  of  Gregynog,  Mont.,  and  Tod- 
dington, co.  of  Gloucester  (see  Sudeley, 
Baron,  of  Gregynog,  &c)  ;  b.  1802;  ed.  at 
Cambridge  University;  m.,  1841,  Rosa- 
mond Anne  Myrtle  Shirley,  dau.  of  the 
late  Lord  Tamworth;  has  issue  one  son 
and  two  daus. 

Residence  :  Gregynog,  near  Newtown. 

Arms :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  or,  an  escallop 


83o 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


in  the  chief  point  sa.  between  two  bendlets  gu. — 
TRACY  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  or,  a  bend  engrailed  vert 
plain  cotised  sa. — HAN  BURY. 

Crests :  I .  On  a  chapeau  turned  up  ermine, 
an  escallop  sa.  between  two  wings  or — -Tracy ; 
2.  Out  of  a  mural  crown  a  demi-lion  rampant  or, 
holding  in  the  paws  a  battle-axe  sa.,  helved  gold 
— I/anbury. 

Motto  :  Memoria  pii  sterna. 

LINEAGE. 

For  lineage,  see  Sudeley,  Baron,  of  Gregynog  and 
Toddington. 

Note. — For  an  engraving  and  notice  of  Gregynog, 
see  p.  804;  and  for  the  ancient  family  of  Blayney  of 
Gregynog,  see  notices  at  pp.  804,  810. 


VANE,  George  Henry  Eobert  Charles  Vane 
Tempest,  Earl,  of  Plas  Machynlleth, 
Montgomeryshire. 

Vide  English  peerage.  Creation  1823. 
Second  Earl  Vane  and  Viscount  Seaham 
of  Wynward  and  Seaham,  in  the  peerage 
of  the  United  Kingdom  ;  M.P.  for  North 
Durham  from  1847  to  '854 ;  Lieutenant 
ist  Life  Guards  1843;  retired  1848  ;  Col. 
North  Durham  Militia;  Lieut.-Col.  Com- 
mandant 2nd  Durham  (Seaham)  Artillery 
Volunteers ;  Major  Montgomeryshire  Yeo- 
manry Cavalry;  Knight  Grand  Cross  of 
St.  Alexander  Newski  of  Russia ;  is  patron 
of  six  livings — St.  John's,  Seaham  Harbour; 
Seaham  ;  New  Seaham ;  St.  Nicholas's,  and 
St.  Giles's,  Durham ;  Corris,  Merioneth- 
shire. Second  son  of  Charles  William, 
third  Marquess  of  Londonderry,  K.G.,  by 
his  second  wife,  Frances  Anne,  dau.  of  Sir 
Henry  Vane-Tempest,  Bart.  ;  b.  in  Vienna, 
April  26,  1821;  ed.  at  Eton  Coll.,  and 
Balliol  Coll.,  Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  1844, 
M.A.  1848  ;  m.,  August  3,  1846,  Mary 
Cornelia,  only  child  of  Sir  John  Edwards, 
Bart.,  of  Machynlleth  (see  Edwards ;  Lady, 
of  Llanerch-hudol  Hall);  succ.  to  Earldom 
and  Viscountcy  1854  ;  has  issue  living— 

1.  CHARLES  STEWART,  Viscount  Seaham, 
b.  1852  ;  Major  Durham,  Vol.  Corps,  1869. 

2.  Henry  John,  b.  1854. 

3.  Herbert  Lionel  Henry,  b.  1862. 

1.  Frances  Cornelia  Harriet  Emily,  b. 
1850. 

2.  Avarina  Mary,  b.  1857. 

3.  Alexandrina  Louisa  Maud,  b.  1863. 

Heir :  Charles  Viscount  Seaham. 

Residences:  Plas  Machynlleth,  Mont.  ;  Wyn- 
yard  Park,  Stockton-on-Tees ;  Seaham  Hall, 
Sunderland. 

Town  House:  Holdemesse  House,  Park 
Lane,  W. 

Arms:  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th  grand  quarters, 


1st  and  4th,  arg.,  a  bend  engrailed  between  six 
martlets,  three  and  three,  sa.  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  az., 
three  sinister  gauntlets,  two  and  one,  or — VANE  ; 
2nd  and  3rd  grand  quarters,  or,  a  bend  compony 
arg.  and  az.  between  two  lions  rampant  gu. — 
STEWART. 

Crests :  ist,  an  arm  in  armour  holding  a  sword 
ppr.,  hilled  and  pommelled  or — VANE  ;  2nd,  a 
dragon  statant  or — STEWART. 

Supporters :  Dexter,  a  grey  horse  guardant 
caparisoned,  thereon  mounted  an  hussar  of  the 
1 8th  regiment,  armed  and  accoutred,  all  ppr.  ; 
sinister,  a  bay  horse  mounted  as  the  dexter. 

Mottoes :  Metuenda  corolla  draconis  ;  Nee 
temere  nee  timide. 


LINEAGE. 

The  lineage  of  Earl  Vane  belongs  to  the  English 
peerage  ;  that  of  the  Countess  Vane  is  indicated 
under  the  article  Lady  Edwards  of  Llanerch-hudol. 

Charles  William  Vane  Stewart,  third  Marquess 
of  Londonderry,  Earl  of  Londonderry,  peerage  of 
Ireland,  Baron  Stewart  (1814)  and  Earl  Vane 
(1823)  in  the  peerage  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
K.C.,  G.C.B.,  by  his  first  wife,  Catherine,  dau.  of 
John,  the  third  Earl  of  Darnley  (she  d.  1812),  had 
an  only  son  and  heir,  — 

Frederick  William  Robert,  the  present  Marquess 
of  Londonderry. 

His  lordship  ?«.,  secondly,  1819,  Frances  Jane, 
only  dau.  of  Sir  Harry  Vane  Tempest,  Bart,  (she 
d.  1865),  by  Anne  Catherine,  late  Countess  of 
Antrim,  and  thereupon  assumed  the  surname  and 
arms  of  Vane.  By  this  marriage  the  Marquess, 
who  d.  1854,  left  issue  surviving  — 

1.  GEORGE    HENRY    ROBERT    CHARLES,    the 
present  Earl  Vane  and  Viscount  Seaham  (as  above), 
heir  presumptive  to  the  Marquisate  of  Londonderry. 

2.  Adolphus  Fred  Charles  William,  b.  1825,  an 
officer  in  the  guards,  deceased. 

3.  Ernest   M'Donnell  Vane-Tempest,  b.    1836; 
was  in  Light  Dragoons  ;  m.  Mary  Townhend,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Hutchinson,  Esq. 

4.  Frances  Anne  Emily,  m.,  1843,  to  the  sixth 
Duke  of  Marlborough. 

5.  Alexandrina  Octavia  Maria,  m.,  1847,  to  the 
third  Earl  of  Portarlington. 

6.  Adelaide    Emelina   Caroline,    m.,    1852,   the 
Rev.  Frederick  H.   Law,   Rector  of  Croft,  York- 
shire. 


WILLIAMS,  Martin,  Esq.,  (late)  of  Bryugwyn, 
Llanfechain,  Montgomeryshire. 

Was  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  Montgomeryshire, 
and  Sheriff  of  same  co.  1838;  ed.  at  Eton, 
afterwards  at  Magdalen  Coll.,  Oxford,  and 
became  Capt.  isth  Hussars,  and  Aide-de- 
camp to  the  Duke  of  Cumberland ;  m. 
Mary,  daughter  of  John  Madocks,  Esq.,  of 
Vron-iw,  in  the  co.  of  Denbigh,  and  left  4 
daughters,  now  co-heiresses. 

Residence:  Bryngwyn,  Montgomeryshire. 

LINEAGE. 

Descended  from  a  family  of  that  name  who 
emigrated  to  Jamaica  with  Col.  Wayte  in  1656, 
and  had  large  allotments  of  land  assigned  to  them 
in  that  island. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


S3' 


WILLIAMES,  Mrs.  Buckley,  of  Glan-Hafren, 
Montgomeryshire. 

Catharine,  widow  of  the  late  John  Wil- 
liames  Buckley  Williames,  Esq.  (</.  1866), 
of  Pennant  and  Glan-Hafren,  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery,  served 
the  office  of  High  Sheriff  for  same  co. 
1820,  and  was  Major  of  the  Montgomery- 
shire Yeomanry  Cavalry,  constituted  so 
for  life  by  King  George  on  the  occasion  of 
the  disbanding  of  the  Yeomanry  ;  also 
Receiver-General  of  Taxes  for  cos  of 
Montgomery,  Radnor,  and  Brecon  ;  dau. 
and  heiress  of  Rice  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Glyn- 
Cogan  (formerly  "  Tyddyn-Glyn  Cogan  "), 
Montgomeryshire,  who  was  D.  L.  for  his 
county ;  m.  to  Mr.  Buckley  Williames  in 
1800  ;  had  issue — 

1.  Rice  Pryce  Buckley  Williames,  Esq., 
of  Pennant,  who  d.  1871  (see  Williames  of 
Pennant). 

2.  John  Buckley  Williames,  J.  P. 

3.  Catharine  Buckley  Williames. 

4.  Mary  Buckley  Williames. 

Residence:  Glan-Hafren,  Abermule,  Mont. 
Arms:  (See  Williames  of  Pennant.") 
Crest :  A  lion  rampant. 
Motto :  Heb  Dduw  heb  ddim  ;  Duw  a  digon. 

LINEAGE. 

The  descent  of  this  family  is  from  the  Williamses 
of  Ystum-Colwyn,  the  Prices  of  Newtown,  and  the 
Buckleys  of  Dolfor. 


WILLIAMES,  Mrs.  Pryoe  Buckley,  of  Pennant, 
Montgomeryshire. 

Anna  Frances,  wic'ow  of  Rice  Pryce 
Buckley  Williames,  Esq.(rf.  Marcb.23, 187 1), 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Montgomery,  formerly 
a  major  in  the  Yeomanry  Militia.  Mr. 
Williames  had  a  chief  hand  in  originating 
the  Cambrian  Quarterly,  and  for  some 
years  acted  as  its  editor.  He  was  son  of 
John  Williames  Buckley  Williames,  Esq.,  of 
Pennant,  who  d.  1866 ;  b.  1802;  ed.  at 
Shrewsbury  School  under  Dr.  Butler ;  ;//., 
1854,  to  Anna  Frances  Parslow  (now  his 
widow),  eldest  dau.  of  Humphrey  Rowlands 
Jones,  Esq.,  of  Garthmy  1  Hall,  Montgomery- 
shire, and  had  issue  an  only  child,  a 
daughter,  deceased. 

Residence :  Pennant,  Abermule,  Mont. 

Crest :  A  Saxon's  head  as  in  the  arms. 

Arms :  Gu.  a  chevron  ermine  between  three 
Saxons'  heads  couped  gory  proper. — WILLIAMES 
(with  many  quarterings). 

Mottoes :  Heb  Dduw  heb  ddim ;  Duw  a  digon. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  Wil- 
liamses of  Ystum-colwyn,  Carnarvonshire,  de- 
scended from  Ednyfed  Fychan,  the  Pryces  of 
Newtown  Hall,  and  the  Buckleys  of  Dolfor. 

William  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Cochwillan,  Cam.  ; 
Sheriff  of  co.  Carnarvon  1542,  of  the  line  of  Ednyfed 
Fychan,  and  the  first  of  the  Penrhyn  Cochwillan 
sept  to  adopt  the  surname  Williams,  was  grand- 
father of  Arthur  Williams,  of  Meillionydd,  co.  of 
Carnarvon,  Precentor  of  Bangor  Cathedral  (d.  1 62 1 ), 
from  whom  descended  the  Williamses  of  Meil- 
lionydd, and  of  Ystumcolwyn,  co.  Mont.  The 
last  and  eldest  Miss  Williams  of  Ystumcolwyn  m. 
the  late — 

Price    Buckley,    Esq.,    representative    of  Glan- 
Hafren  and  Dolfor,  and  had  issue- 
John    Buckley   Williames,   Esq.,   late   of  Glan- 
Hafren  (See  B.  Williames  of  Glan-Hafren),  who  m., 
as   there   stated,    and   had,    with  other   issue,  an 
eldest  son, — 
RICE  PRYCE  BUCKLEY  WILLIAMES  (as  above). 

Mrs.  Buckley  Williames's  family,  Jones  of 
Garthmyl  Hall,  have  been  of  long  standing  in  the 
co.  of  Montgomery,  Humphrey  Jones,  the  founder 
of  the  Garthmill  Free  Schools,  being  one  of 
fourteen  of  the  same  name  who  in  succession  repre- 
sented the  house. 

Note. — The  old  residence  of  Garthmill  Hall  was 
taken  down  and  the  present  building  erected  by 
the  late  Humphrey  R.  Jones,  Esq.,  about  fifty- 
nine  years  ago.  The  place  was  sold  in  1858  to 
Gen,  Gold.  An  eastern  window  has  recently  been 
erected  in  Bettws  Church  in  memory  of  J.  Buckley 
Williames,  Esq.,  of  Glan-IIafren,  and  his  grandchild, 
of  Pennant,  and  a  reredos  in  memory  of  the  late 
Pryce  Buckley  Williames,  Esq.,  of  Pennant,  both 
executed  in  excellent  taste. 


WILLIAMS,  The  Rev.  William  Maddock,  of 
Llanfechain,  Montgomeryshire. 

M.A.,  Rector  of  Llanfechain,  Montgomery- 
shire, 1851  ;  formerly  Incumbent  suc- 
cessively of  Flint  and  Halkin  1825  and 
1839;  J.  P.  for  the  counties  of  Flint, 
Denbigh,  and  Montgomery ;  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  William  Williams,  M.A  ,  Rector  of 
Ysceifiog,  and  Canon  of  St.  Asaph ;  b.  at 
BronwyJfa,  St.  Asaph,  March,  1799  ;  ed.  at 
Shrewsbury  School  and  Ball.  Coll ,  Oxon. ; 
grad.  B.A.  1821,  M.A.  1827  ;  m.  Harriet 
Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  Joseph  Greaves, 
Esq.,  of  Liverpool. 

Residence :  Llanfechain  Rectory,  Oswestry. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  gu.,  a  lion 
rampant  arg.,  on  a  chief  azure  three  stars  or — 
WILLIAMS  ;  2nd,  ermine,  a  lion  rampant  sa.  ; 
3rd,  arg.,  a  chevron  sa.  between  three  castellated 
towers  with  flames  issuing  from  top — MADDOCK. 

Note. — The  church  of  Llanfechain  is  small,  but  of 
great  antiquity,  date  unknown,  character  Norman. 


ANNALS,    &c,    OF    WALES. 


PEMBROKESHIRE 

(Sm  BENFRO). 

THE  county  of  Pembroke,  though  now  and  for  many  past  ages  in  speech  nearly  as  much 
English  as  Welsh,  retains,  in  a  form  well-nigh  unaltered,  its  ancient  Welsh  name.  It  may 
indeed  be  said  that  the  English  Pembroke  preserves  the  ancient  Cymric  name  with  greater 
fidelity  than  does  the  modern  Welsh  Penfro,  for  the  etymology  of  the  word  is  Pen-bro-og 
(pen,  head,  extreme  part;  l>ro,  region,  district,  tract,  lowland;  og,  or  n>g,  a  terminal  particle 
often  applied  in  old  Welsh  to  an  inhabited  region,  as  in  Brycheini^,  Rhyfoni<?£,  Morgan^, 
Essyllw/jf.  The  Middle-Age  Latin  of  the  chronicles — for  example,  the  Annales  Cambria — 
caught  and  perpetuated  the  right  native  articulation  in  "  Pembroc"  and  "  Ptmbroch-ia"  and 
the  modern  W.  Pen-fro  drops  an  element  of  the  old  word  for  the  sake  of  euphony  or 
supposed  accuracy.  The  name  was  doubtless  first  applied  to  the  locality  or  the  site  of  the 
town  of  Pembroke  as  situated  at  the  "  end  "  of  the  country,  in  later  times  to  the  division  or 
cantref,  and  then  to  the  "county"  when  this  county  palatine  had  its  birth.  The  more 
ancient  name  Dyfed,  by  the  Romans  called  Dimetia,  will  be  hereafter  noticed.  (See  History 
and  Antiq.  of  Pemb.) 


SECTION  I.— PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

Two-thirds  of  the  margin  of  this  county,  S.W.  and  N.W.,  are  washed  by  the  sea;  on  the 
north  it  is  bounded  by  the  river  Teivi,  which  separates  it  from  Cardiganshire,  and  on  the 
east  by  Carmarthenshire,  from  which  it  is  in  part  divided  by  the  Cych,  a  tributary  of  the 
Teivi,  in  part  by  the  small  "  trout-bearing  "  river  Taf,  in  part  by  the  Cleddeu,  and  in  part  by 
an  arbitrary  boundary  crossing  the  hilly  midland  region  to  connect  the  roots  of  Taf  and 
Cych.  From  Strumble  Head,  in  "  Pencaer,"  to  the  Castle-Martin  coast  at  St.  Govan's 
Head,  the  county  measures  about  thirty-one  miles  in  length,  and  from  St.  Bride's  Bay  to 
the  Carmarthenshire  boundary  about  twenty -one  miles  in  breadth.  Its  superficial  contents 
maybe  estimated  at  627  square  miles,  or  401,691  acres.  As  to  the  general  form  of  the 
county,  it  can  be  compared  to  no  geometrical  figure  known,  and  the  only  brief  description 
of  it  possible  is  found  in  the  term  "  irregular."  Old  George  Owen,  nearly  three  hundred 
years  ago,  was  anxious  to  define  its  shape,  and  painfully  floundered  as  follows : — "  It 
is  neither  perfect  square,  long,  nor  round,  but  shaped  with  divers  corners,  some  sharpe, 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE.  833 

some  obtuse,  in  some  places  concave,  in  some  convex,  but  in  most  places  concave  and 
bending  inwarde,  as  doth  the  moone  in  her  decreasing."  The  county  being  destitute  of 
mining  or  manufacturing  operations  of  importance,  or  other  powerful  stimulus  for  the 
creation  of  large  towns,  the  population  is  sparse  and  nearly  stationary.  During  the  present 
century  the  following  are  the  vital  statistics  : — 

Total  population  of  Pembrokeshire  in  1 80 1  56,280. 

„  „  1831  ...  80,900. 

„  1841  ...  ...  88,044. 

„  „  1851  ...  ...  94,140. 

„  1861  ...  96,278. 

„  „.  1871  ...  91,936. 

The  last  decade  shows  for  the  first  time  within  the  century  a  marked  decline,  owinj 
perhaps  to  the  reduction  of  troops  at  Pembroke  Dock — a  loss  to  the  trade,  a  gain  to  the 
morals  of  the  county.  In  density,  the  population  is  considerably  below  the  average  for  all 
Wales,  that  average  being  178  persons  to  the  square  mile.  The  population  of  Glamorgan- 
shire is  close  upon  500  persons  to  the  square  mile. 

Pembrokeshire  is  essentially  an  agricultural  county;  much  of  its  surface  is  hilly  and  even 
mountainous,  but  in  the  main  presents  a  broken,  undulating  aspect ;  it  has  no  plains  or  wide 
valleys,  rivers  of  large  volume,  or  mountains  of  great  height ;  but  its  springs  and  streamlets 
are  multitudinous,  combining  with  the  almost  perpetual  mists  or  showers  of  the  western  sea 
to  water  abundantly  the  rather  shallow  and  reluctant  "  lower  Silurian  "  soil  composing  the 
main  part  of  the  county,  and  making  it  a  tolerably  good  grazing  and  corn-producing  region. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  the  inhabitants  of  Pembrokeshire  feel  any  pride  in  their  mountains, 
for  with  the  exception  of  " Precelly  Top"  (1,754  feet  above  the  sea  level),  situated  in  the 
background  of  the  county,  and  the  rocky  heights  of  Tiefgarn,  or  "  Plumstone,"  and  on  the 
coast  of  St.  David's  and  Pencaer,  the  elevations  of  the  county  are  very  moderate,  and  possess 
no  striking  character  of  boldness,  wildness,  or  beauty.  But  for  broken,  indented,  beetling 
cliffs,  stormy  headlands,  rocky  islands  waging  perpetual  war  with  a  chafing  and  often  angry 
sea,  no  county  in  Britain,  not  excepting  even  the  nearly  related  promontory  of  Cornwall, 
can  compete  with  Pembrokeshire.  In  point  of  physical  effect,  the  grandeur  of  this  county 
can  be  chiefly  seen  in  its  magnificent  coast-line,  in  the  wide  and  varied  prospect  of  a 
cultured  country  and  an  encompassing  sea  which  opens  to  the  beholder  who  may  ascend 
Precelly  mountain,  and  in  the  spacious  and  sheltered  waters  of  its  incomparable  haven  of 
Milford — a  haven  which,  but  for  the  law  which  the  growth  of  Liverpool  and  its  interests  has 
imposed  upon  maritime  commerce,  should  have  become  the  great  trysting-place  between 
England  and  the  trading  powers  of  the  world.  Compared  with  Milford  Haven,  the  Mersey, 
the  Tyne,  the  Avon,  and  the  Thames,  are  mere  muddy  and  dangerous  tidal  inlets,  and  as 
points  of  arrival  and  departure  confessedly  inconvenient. 

The  locality  of  Milford  Haven  has  always  been  the  centre  of  Pembrokeshire  life  and 
influence.  In  its  vicinity  and  along  its  shores  are  still  situated  the  chief  towns  and  a  large 
proportion  of  the  chief  mansions  of  the  county.  The  land  is  here  richer,  the  scenery  fairer 
than  in  other  parts,  and  here  naturally  the  principal  people  have  settled.  The  foremost 
place  must  be  assigned  to  Picton  Castle  (the  Rev.  J.  H.  A.  Philipps,  M.A.),  a  place  of  great 


834 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


antiquity  and  eventful  history,  planted  on  a  pleasant  slope,  overlooking  the  waters  of  the 
haven  near  the  point  of  junction  of  the  two  streams  of  East  and  West  Cleddau.  This  spot  has 
been  famous  since  that  early  age  when  the  Norman,  Arnulph  de  Montgomery,  temp.  William 
Rufus,  took  possession  of  the  district,  and  assigned  this  lordship  to  William  de  Picton,  who 
built  here  a  castle  and  called  it  after  his  own  name.  Around  this  castle  have  grown,  in  the 
long  succession  of  ages,  all  the  tokens  of  a  venerable  antiquity  and  true  lordly  grandeur. 
Injudicious  restoration  and  alteration  have  marred  the  external  form  of  the  fabric,  but  parts 
still  remain  which  are  hoary  and  pitted  over  with  age,  and  eloquent  concerning  times  when 
the  castle  was  a  Norman  fortress,  defiant  of  attack  and  fearless  of  beleaguerment.  Time, 
currente  calamo,  has  writ  upon  the  demesne  the  story  of  seven  centuries — "  ancestral  woods," 
lichen-covered  walls,  which  have  witnessed  the  passing  in  and  out  of  many  succeeding 
proprietors,  memorials  of  moat  and  drawbridge,  outstanding  watch-towers  and  camps,  secret 
passages,  the  appointments  of  more  recent  and  peaceful  times,  and  the  elegance  and  taste 


PICTON  CASTLE:  THE  SEAT  OF  THE  REV  J.  H.  A.  PHILLIPS,  M.A.  (from  a  photograph). 

of  the  present.  This  is  one  of  the  very  few  Norman  castles  in  Britain  which  have  never 
been  dismantled  or  alienated,  and  the  only  one  of  the  kind  in  Wales.  Picton  Castle  has 
always  been  inhabited,  has  never  been  forfeited,  and  has  continued  in  the  same  line  of 
proprietors  from  the  beginning.  From  the  Pictons  it  passed  by  marriage  of  the  heiress, 
Ivan,  to  the  Wogans  in  the  person  of  Sir  John  Wogan ;,  from  the  Wogans  it  passed 
in  like  manner  to  the  line  of  Donne  of  Cydweli  by  the  marriage  of  Catherine,  dau.  and 
heiress  of  Sir  John  Wogan,  to  Owen  Donne  ;  and  lastly,  from  the  Donnes,  by  the  marriage 
of  Jane,  dau.  and  heiress  of  Sir  Henry  Donne,  of  Picton,  to  Thomas  ap  Phylip,  otherwise 
Sir  Thomas  Philips,  Lord  of  Cilsant,  time  of  Richard  III.,  whose  posterity,  in  direct  or 
indirect  line,  has  ever  since  remained  in  possession  (see  further  Philipps  of  Picton  Castle, 
and  Fenton's  Pembrokeshire). 

Adjoining  the  manor  of  Picton  Castle  is  Slebech,  now  called  Slcbech  Hall,  a  name  the  origin 
of  which  is  unknown  (Baron  de  Rutzen),  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  remarkable  as  having 


PICTON  CASTLE.  835 

been  a  commanclery  of  the  Knights  Hospitallers  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  and  as  such  the  resort 
of  pilgrims,  devotees,  and  mendicants  for  several  ages.  Lewis  Glyn  Cothi,  the  historic  bard 
of  the  time  of  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  in  a  poem  addressed  to  his  friend  Sir  Thomas  Philips, 
of  Picton,  aforesaid,  whom  he  calls  "  Tomas  ab  Phylip  o  Bictwn,"  gives  us  to  understand 
that  he  was  himself  of  the  number  of  such  pilgrims,  and  bespeaks  a  resting-place  at  Picton, 
while  in  search,  we  suppose,  of  ghostly  benefit.  He  says  that  at  Slebech,  as  at  the  holy 
island  of  Bardsey,  pardons  and  purification  were  to  be  obtained  under  St.  John's  auspices. 
In  his  greeting  to  Sir  Thomas  Philips  and  his  lady  he  alludes  to  the  latter  as  "  descended 
from  two  Barons,  Wogan  the  Fair  and  Owen  Dwnn,"  calls  her  "  the  golden  daughter  of  Harri 
Dwnn,"  and  avers  that  in  her  old  age  she  wore  "a  saintly  face."  (L.  G.  Cothi's  Works, 
p.  301.) 

Facing  the  other  Cleddau,  and  within  a  short  distance  of  Picton  Castle  park,  is  Boulston, 
formerly  the  residence  of  the  Wogans,  now  of  the  Acklands  (see  Ackland  of  Boulstoii).  The 
estate  was  purchased  by  R.  G.  Ackland,  Esq.,  who  built  the  present  mansion  on  an  elevated 
part  of  the  grounds,  on  the  lower  skirts  of  which,  near  the  river,  are  the  ruins  of  the  ancient 
abode  of  the  Wogans,  and  the  little  church,  a  "  peculiar "  in  the  gift  of  the  family,  where 
there  are  some  elaborate  monuments  to  the  Wogans  One  of  these,  to  Sir  John  Wogan,  Kt. 
enumerates  six  generations  of  the  Wogans  living  at  Boulston,  from  Sir  John  Wogan,  Kt.,  of 
Wiston,  downwards.  The  inscription  states  that  Sir  John  died  A.D.  1616,  and  yet  that  he 
"made  and  set  up"  the  monument  in  1617,  which  clearly  implies  error  in  one  of  the  dates. 
Several  memorial  tablets  to  the  Acklands  also  are  here. 

On  a  fine  elevation  further  down  the  haven,  and  commanding  extensive  views  both  o^ 
the  wooded  country  around  and  of  the  creeks  of  the  estuary,  is  the  castellated  mansion  of 
Lawrenny  Park  (Mrs.  Lort  Phillips),  an  imposing  and  conspicuous  structure.  Cresselly,  the 
seat  of  H.  S.  Allen,  Esq.  (see  Allen  of  Cresselly),  is  near,  fronting  Cresswell  (Christ's  Well) 
Creek  and  the  haven.  The  name  Cresselly  is  doubtless  related  to  "  Christ's  Well,"  but  of 
the  well  we  have  no  information.  There  used  to  be  a  "  Christ's  Well  Chapel "  near  the 
water's  edge. 

Across  another  branch  of  this  sinuous  and  splendid  haven,  and  near  Carew  Castle,  is 
Upton  Castle,  formerly  the  abode  of  the  ancient  family  of  Maliphant,  of  Norman-French 

origin,  and  long  extinct  in  these  parts ;  and  Woodfield,  the  residence  of Wedgwood, 

Esq. ;  Williamston,  the  residence  of  J.  H.  Scourfield,  Esq.,  M.P.;  Hayston  (J.  H.  Davies,  Esq.) ; 
Scoveston  (William  Rees,  Esq.);  Johnston  (Capt.  Carron);  Hazel  Hill  (late  Robertson), 
are  on  the  northern  side  of  Milford  Haven,  and  on  the  productive  old  red  sandstone  soil, 
for  which  the  hundreds  of  Roose  (Rhos)  and  Castlemartin  are  so  celebrated  as  corn-bearing 
and  grazing  districts. 

Between  Milford  Haven  and  St.  Bride's  Bay,  besides  St.  BotolpKs  (Stokes) ;  Rickeston 
Hall  (George  Harries,  Esq.) ;  Butter-hill  (Roche) ;  Castle  Hall  (late  Greville) ;  Pierston; 
St.  Bride's  Hill;  Orlandon  (the  old  abode  of  the  Laugharnes),  we  find  the  important 
demesne  of  Dale  Castle  (J.  A.  P.  Lloyd-Philipps,  Esq.),  situated  near  the  creek  where  the 
Earl  of  Richmond  landed,  prior  to  the  battle  of  Bosworth  Field  (see  p.  242).  From  the  high 
ground  near  Marloes  the  eye  sweeps  a  glorious  prospect  of  well-cultivated  country  of  the 
red  sandstone  soil,  a  broken  and  precipitous  coast-line,  the  rocky  and  wild  islands  of 
Skomer  and  Skokham — names  which  are  memorials  of  the  sea-roving  and  plundering  Danes— 


836 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


the  fine  crescent  of  St.  Bride's  Bay  with  its  fringe  of  level  sands,  miles  in  length  at  Broad 
Haven  and  Newgale,  and  unsurpassed  cliff  scenery  of  the  carboniferous  Silurian  series,  termi- 
nating in  St..  David's  Head  and  Ramsey.Island,  and  then  the  noble  sheet  of  the  Haven  waters 
as  far  as  Pembroke  and  the  Royal  Dockyard  of  Pater,  decked  with  the  ponderous  ironclads 
and  guard-ships,  with  many  smaller  craft,  and  only  wanting  the  tall  India  merchant,  and  the 
American  cotton  and  Emigration  ships  to  make  it,  in  all  respects,  the  grandest  of  known 
harbours. 

On  the  other  side  of  Milford  Haven  is  situated  the  famous  seat  of  Orieltan,  long 
associated  with  the  name  of  Owen,  now  the  seat  of  M.  A.  Saurin,  Esq.,  near  which  is  the 
ancient  Henllan,  the  early  abode  of  the  Whites,  and  Castkton,  once  a  manor  of  a  De  Castle, 
and  on  a  creek,  sheltered  and  woody,  Blackpool  Court,  on  the  site  of  a  castle  founded  by  the 
Norman  Elidur  de  Stackpole,  eleventh  century,  formerly  belonging  to  the  Lorts,  now  to 


UPTON  CASTLE  :  THE  SEAT  OF  CHARLES  T.  EVANS,  ESQ.  (from  a  flwto.  by  Allai]. 


the  Earl  of  Cavvdor.  (See  Cawdor  of  Blackpool  Court.)  Corston  (Henry  Leach,  Esq.); 
Castlemartin  (Rev.  Chancellor  Allen,  M.A.) ;  Bush  (T.  Charlton  Meyrick,  Esq.,  M.P.); 
Hollyland  (John  Adams,  Esq  )  ;  Lamphey  Court  (L.  Matthias,  Esq.) ;  Treiuarren  (G.  W.  W. 
Davies,  Esq.)  ;  Milton  House  (Capt.  Bowen  Summers)  are  all  near.  Pater-Church—  the 
ancient  abode  of  the  Adams,  now  of  Hollyland,  has  long  been  swept  away  by  the  dockyard — 
leaving  behind  a  fragment  only  of  its  name.  The  chief  natural  features  of  this  side  of  Milford 
Haven — a  kind  of  promontory,  or  headland,  stretching  westwards  from  Tenby — the  form  of 
which,  a  very  pen-y-fro,  probably  gave  origin  to  the  name  of  ''  Pern-broke,"  first  applied  to 
the  tract,  next  to  the  settlement,  or  town,  and  lastly  to  the  county,  are  the  magnificent 
limestone  cliffs  which  face  the  stormy  seas,  beating  on  its  southern  and  south-western  sides. 
These  cliffs  in  places,  by  the  long  contention  of  the  waves,  have  been  worn  into  clefts  'and 


TENBY— THE  ALBERT  MEMORIAL. 


837 


deep  cavernous  recesses  of  great  extent ;  in  places  they  have  been  entirely  dissociated  by 
abrasion  from  the  main-land,  and  left  standing  in  solitary  grandeur  in  the  distance,  still 
defying  the  might  of  the  sea.  The  precipitous  and  inaccessible  character  of  these  cliffs  has 
recommended  them  as  a  summer  settlement  to  innumerable  tribes  of  sea  birds,  chiefly  of 
the  puffin  kind  (called  by  the  country  people  "  eligugs,"  probably  from  the  cry  of  the  bird), 
with  colonies,  occupying  distinct  territory,  of  razor-bills,  herring-gulls,  and  others.  The  first 
mentioned,  birds  of  passage,  arrive  in  myriad  flocks  in  the  early  summer,  and  by  the  end  of 
August,  when  they  begin  to  consult  together  and  devise  plans  for  emigration,  have  multi- 
plied so  enormously  as  literally  to  cover  the  rocks  and  fill  the  air  far  and  wide. 

Guide  books,  in  perplexing  number,  speak  of  the  attractions  and   merits  of  Tenby  as  a 
place  for  summer  resort  and  renewal  of  health,  and  nothing  of  that  kind  is  needed  here. 


TENBY — FROM  THE  NORTH. 


Of  the  castle  and  old  annals  of  Tenby,  something  must  be  related  hereafter.  More  can  be 
said  for  the  position  and  sea-environment  of  this  beautiful  watering-place  than  for  the 
country  immediately  behind  it — which  is  merely  a  cold  clayey  tract  of  the  coal-bearing  for- 
mation. The  site  of  Tenby  is  faultless — a  rocky  tongue  of  land  reaching  out  boldly  into 
the  sea,  and  in  the  distant  past  doubtless  continuing  to  St.  Catherine's  Rock,  now  seen  on 
the  extreme  left  of  our  view — an  island  rock,  formerly  one  of  the  chief  attractions  of 
Tenby,  but  recently  marred  by  the  wasteful  use  of  public  money  in  the  erection  upon  it 
of  huge  and  needless  fortifications.  Caldy  Island  is  seen  in  the  distance. 

fHcmotial  to  albert,  ^Jttnct  Consort. 
[ERECTED  BY  THE  PEOPLE  OF  WALES.] 

Upon  the  Castle  Hill  eminence,  to  the  south  of  the  town,  the  site  of  the  ancient 
fortress,  is  erected  a  graceful  and  loyal  tribute  to  the  memory  of  the  late  lamented  Prince 
Consort.  It  was  actively  promoted  (with  the  co-operation  of  a  large  committee)  by 

3  i 


838 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


George  White,  Esq.,  then  and  repeatedly  Mayor  of  Tenby,  who  laid  the  foundation-stone 
December  14,  1864.  This  beautiful  memorial  to  the  Prince,  designed  and  executed  by  the 
eminent  sculptor,  John  Evan  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  London,  was  inaugurated  August  2,  1865,  by 
H.  R.  H.  Prince  Arthur,  who  was  accompanied  on  the  occasion  by  the  Right  Hon.  Lord 
Llanover,  Bishop  Thirlwall  of  St.  David's,  and  other  men  of  note  in  Wales.  The  majestic 
statue,  eight  feet  nine  inches  high,  on  a  limestone  pedestal  fifteen  feet  high,  is  of  fine  Sicilian 
marble.  The  prince  is  attired  in  Field  Marshal's  uniform,  and  wearing  the  mantle  and  collar 
of  the  Order  of  the  Garter.  The  front  tablet,  one  of  four  of  Sicilian  marble,  bears  the 
inscription — 


ALBERT    DDA,    PRIOD    EIN    GORHOFFUS    FRENHINES    VICTORIA. 
"  Albert  the  Good,   Consort  of  our  most  beloved  Queen    Victoria." 


This  memorial  was  got  up  by  subscriptions  from  all  parts  of  Wales,  and  was  designed  to 
be  a  national  tribute  of  the  Welsh  people  to  the  personal  and  public  worth  of  the  Prince 
Consort : — 

"  A  Prince  indeed 

Beyond  all  titles  ;  and  a  household  name 
Hereafter  through  all  time — ALBERT  THE  GOOD." 

"  Idylls  of  the  King . " 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  :   ST.  GOWAN'S  WELL,  &c.  839 

Equally  appropriate  and  even  more  beautiful  are  the  utterances  of  a  local  muse, — 

"  Here  by  the  likeness  on  our  height 
Shall  memories  of  a  Life  be  fed, 
Which,  generous  as  our  daily  light, 

Was  simple  as  our  daily  bread  ; 
And  lives,  not  kindled  yet,  be  taught 
Pure  hope,  strong  effort,  noble  thought.'1 — M.  B.  S. 

St.  Gowaifs  Well,  on  this  rugged  shore,  in  the  olden  and  dusky  ages  was  a  place  of 
resort  for  invalids,  seekers  for  a  miraculous  cure.    A  small  spring  of  water  not  far  above  the 
level  of  the  tide,  was  said  to  possess  preternatural  virtues  for  the  healing  of  cripples— and  it 
is   indeed  hard   to  imagine  impotent  folk  tarrying  long   amid   such   scenes,  inhaling   the 
pure  breath  of  the  sea,  and  hobbling  along  the  gravelly  and  sunny  beach,  without  being 
somewhat  benefited— a  rustic  "chapel"  was  built,  with  its  congenial  altar  of  rock,  and  its 
superfluous  holy  water  stoup,  and  pilgrims  were  encouraged  to  arrive,  bringing,  of  course, 
such  coins  and  gifts  as  they  could  find.     It  is  said  that  crutches  soon  became  unnecessary 
and  were  hung  up  as  memorials  of  curing  in  the  chapel,  the  owners  returning  to  their  homes 
on  their  own  legs.     Somehow,  although  unfortunately  cripples  are  not  wanting  in  Pembroke- 
shire any  more  than  in  other  counties,  we  hear  in  modern  times  of  no  cures  at  St.  Gowan's 
Well ;  if  not  the  usual  virtues,  the  glory  of  the  place  has  sadly  departed,  and  the  humble 
little  chapel  has  only  left  its  ruins  to  be  a  memento  of  past  superstition.     Mr.  Fenton  in  his 
"  Pembrokeshire  "  relates  other  marvels  about  this  place.     Pirates  on  one  occasion  stole  the 
chapel  bell ;  ever  since,  certain  blocks  of  limestone  rock  on  which  it  rested  in  transit  have 
emitted  when  struck  a  musical  tone.     A  cleft  in  the  rock  on  the  east  side  of  the  "oratory"  is 
said  to  have  "  first  opened  to  afford  shelter  to  a  saint  closely  pursued  by  his  pagan  perse- 
cutors, and  after  the  chase  was  given  up  and  the  danger  over,  let  him  out  again,  never 
closing  afterwards,  and  retaining  a  faint  impression  of  the  body  it  had  once  enfolded."     He 
adds  that  ever  since  it  is  believed  to  be  "of  so  accommodating  a  nature  as  to  admit  the 
largest  as  well  as  the  smallest  man,  and  that  if  you  frame  a  wish  while  in  it,  and  do  not 
change  your  mind  during  the  operation  of  turning  about,  you  will  certainly  obtain  it."     It  is 
said  that  the  only  pilgrims  who  visit  St.  Gowan's  in  our  material  and  self-seeking   age, 
are  those  who  desire  the  accomplishment  of  soft  and  otherwise  all  but  hopeless   wishes 
formed  not  for  the  first  time  in  this  friendly  cleft. 

Nearer  Tenby  is  Elm  Grove,  St.  Florence  (Nicholas  J.  Dunn,  Esq.) ;  Ivy  Tower  (John 
Leach,  Esq.) ;  Begelly  (Child).  At  Tenby,  the  house  of  Allen  is  represented  by  Charles 
Allen,  Esq.,  and  that  of  White  by  George  White,  Esq.,  both  ancient  Pembrokeshire 
families.  Scotsboroug/t,  the  old  residence  of  the  Perrotts,  and  afterwards  ap  Rhys,  from 
a  natural  son  of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas  of  Dinefawr  (see  Rickeston,  Brawdy),  is  still  standing 
and  bearing  marks  of  age  and  suffering. 

The  land  between  Tenby  and  Narberth  is  not  of  a  kind  to  invite  the  settlement  of 
prominent  families.  Kilgetty,  formerly  the  residence  of  a  family  of  the  name  of  Canon, 
merged  by  marriage  in  the  Picton  estate,  being  the  only  place  of  note ;  but  at  Narberth  the 
face  of  nature  becomes  more  attractive,  and  the  soil,  nursed  into  fertility  by  a  tributary  of 
the  Eastern  Cleddeu,  more  productive.  A  little  further  west  that  river  itself,  in  its  passage 
by  Egremont  and  Lawhaden  on  its  way  to  the  famous  lands  of  Slebech  and  Picton  Castle, 
is  environed  by  a  succession  of  beautiful  spots.  It  passes  Talybont,  once  a  place  of  some 


T4o  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

note  under  "  the  rapacious  Bishop  Barlow,"  and  St.  Kennox,  a  residence  of  Rhys  Prichard, 
the  celebrated  "Vicar."  Here  are  Robeston  Wathen  (Ven.  Gco.  Clark,  M.A.);  Ridgeway 
(R.  P.  Da  vies,  Esq.);  Sodston  (Ward);  North  Sodston  (Rev.  H.  C.  D.  Chandler);  and  Lam- 


HF.NLLAN  :  THE  SEAT  OF  J.  L.  G.  FOYER  LEWIS,  ESQ.  (from  a  pkoto.  by  Allen). 


HENI.LAK — SIDE  VIEW. 


peter  House  ( J.  R.  Thomas,  Esq.).     Nearer  the  border  of  Carmarthenshire  are  Trewern  (J.  T. 
Beynon,  Esq.),  and  Henllan,  the  beautiful  residence  of  J.  L.  G.  Foyer  Lewis,  Esq. ;  and 


WISTON;   HAVERFORDWEST;   COTTESMOOR.  841 

just  over  the  border,  Tegfynydd  (Howard  Spear  Morgan,  Esq.),  and  Clyndenoen  (R.  F. 
Gower,  Esq. — see  Gowcr  of  Glandovan~). 

Colby,  west  of  Lawhaden,  now  wears  a  humble  aspect,  but  at  one  time  as  part  of  the 
barony  of  Slebech,  when  the  Barlows  held  sway,  was  invested  with  no  small  distinction.  We 
are  here  also  in  the  classic  neighbourhood  of  Wiston — (W.,  Cas'-Gwys,  the  ton  or  settlement 
of  IVys,) — the  ruins  of  whose  castle  recall  ages  of  warfare  and  feudal  oppression.  The 
remains  of  an  ancient  mansion  remind  us  of  the  great  and  excellent  family  of  the  Wogans, 
now  long  extinct  (see  Wogans  of  Wiston,  &c.).  Penty-park  (F.  L.  Lloyd  Philipps,  Esq.), 
long  the  residence  of  one  or  other  branch  of  that  ancient  Welsh  family,  and  Haythog, 
belonging  to  the  same  estate,  are  in  this  neighbourhood. 

Haverford-west  (the  ford  at  the  aber  [of  two  streams],  standing  "  west,"  called  in  Welsh 
Hwlflordd  (hewl-fford,  the  passage,  or  way- ford),  the  county  town,  an  ancient  centre  of  war- 
like, monastic,  and  political  activity,  might  be  expected  to  be  the  cynosure  of  powerful 


COTTESMOOR:  THE  SEAT  OF  E.  T.  MASSY,  ESQ.  (from  a  photograph). 

houses ;  and  so,  to  some  considerable  extent,  it  has  been.  But  priory  and  castle  have  long 
sunk  in  the  decrepitude  of  age  j  Prendergast  has  lost  its  Stepneys,  Haroldston  its  Perrotts, 
and  many  a  name  of  note  gracing  in  past  ages  the  rolls  of  sheriffs,  commanders,  mayors,  have 
passed  into  oblivion.  And  yet  around  Haverfordwest  we  find  even  now  a  goodly  number  of 
mansions  fit  to  environ  a  county  town,  and  form  the  materials  of  a  refined  circle  of  society. 
Picton  Castle  and  Boulston  have  already  been  mentioned.  Glariafon  (Xavier  de  C.  R.  Peel, 
~Es<\^Withybush  (William  Owen,  Esq.),  Cottamoor  (Edw.  T.  Massy,  Esq.),  and  Scotchwells (late 
Stokes)  are  in  the  near  vicinity ;  while  at  various  distances,  besides  some  already  specified, 
are  Sealyham,  the  beautiful  and  ancient  abode  of  the  Tuckers  and  Edwardeses  (see  Edwardes 
of  Sealyham),  Cuffern  (John  Stokes,  Esq.),  Camrose  (C.  W.  T.  Webb  Bowen,  Esq.),  Hilton 
(G.  A.  Harries,  Esq.),  Scolton  (James  Higgon,  Esq.),  Leweston  (W.  Fortune,  Esq.),  Stonehall 
(Peel),  and  others.  Poyston  was  the  abode  of  the  Pictons,  and  the  birthplace  of  General  Sir 


842  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

Thomas  Picton.  At  Rhos-market  was  the  seat  of  the  Walters,  and  the  birth-place  of  Miss 
Williams,  the  blind  poetess  succoured  by  Johnson.  Roblinston  and  Wolf-dale\&A  their  days  of 
note  under  the  Bowens ;  and  Nash  was  the  residence  of  a  branch  of  the  great  race  of  the 
Corbetts.  Summerhill  was  a  seat  of  the  Edwardeses ;  Moat,  even  to  recent  times,  maintained 
its  dignity  as  a  mountain  barony,  and  is  still  owned  by  the  Scourfields;  Earwear  (Amroth 
Castle)  was  possessed  by  the  Elliotts,  and  subsequently  by  the  Nicholases ;  and  at  Neeston 
the  Bowens  dwelt.  What  difference  does  it  make  that  the  scythe  has  passed  over  the  land, 
and  so  many  of  the  old  households  have  succumbed  ? — the  new  have  filled  the  place  of  the 
old,  as  they  had  come  in  lieu  of  others;  and  so  it  will  be  in  the  coming  time  ! 

Under  the  rocky  eminence  of  Trefgarn  (the  "  rock  settlement ")  was  the  Bishop  of 
St.  David's  forest,  where  game  was  reared  for  the  bishop's  liberal  table  at  St.  David's ;  but 
here  also  was  the  house  of  Little  Trefgarn,  where  lived  Thomas  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Owain 
and  the  only  survivor  of  his  line,  who  married  a  granddaughter  of  the  last  Prince  Llewelyn 
whose  daughter  Helen  was  mother  of  Owen  Glyndwr.  Owain,  in  right  of  his  mother, 
claimed  the  throne  of  the  Principality ;  and  it  is  maintained  by  many  that  his  birthplace  was 
Little  Trefgarn,  his  mother's  early  home  (Thomas's  Memoirs  of  Glyndwr,  p.  48). 

Quitting  the  ancient  cantref  of  Dau-gleddau — the  "  two  Cleddeu  (rivers)," — now  absurdly 
corrupted  into  "  Dungleddy,"  and  entering  the  cantref  or  hundred  of  Pebydiog,  we  pass  out 
of  what  is  called  "  little  England  beyond  Wales  "  into  unsophisticated  Welsh  territory.  In 
Pebydiog  there  are  at  present  but  few  seats  of  the  leading  gentry,  but  many  with  old  and 
interesting  memories: — Llethr  House  (formerly  Jones),  now  occupied  by  John  Thomas,  Esq., 
has  somewhat  changed  its  residential  character,  but  not  its  respectability ;  Brawdy  (formerly 
Jones,  a  race  long  extinct),  now  occupied  by  the  Gwythers  in  the  third  generation ;  Loch- 
meilir  (now  occupied  by  Harries),  which  is  said  to  have  had  its  origin  many  centuries  ago 
in  Meilir  (of  the  line  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  Prince  of  Powys),  who  "  came  to  Pembrokeshire 
and  built  Llech  Meilir,"  and  founded  there  a  family  called  in  later  times  Bowen  otLlech-Mtilir, 
whose  heiress  eventually  married  a  Scourfield  of  Moat,  in  whose  house  the  property,  we 
believe,  still  remains.  Rickeston  (now  Griffiths)  was  once  the  residence  of  a  scion  of  the  house 
of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  Lord  of  Dinefawr,  whose  grandson  married  the  heiress  of  Perrott,  Of 
Scotsborough,  near  Tenby,  and  removed  thither  : — "  I  was  told,"  says  Fenton,  "  by  some  of 
the  old  inhabitants,  who  had  heard  it  from  their  fathers,  that  in  that  court  [of  Rickeston]  had 
often  been  seen  three  or  four  coaches-and-six  at  a  time,  and  the  family  were  known  to, 
attend  the  parish  church  of  Brawdy  in  such  an  equipage," — a  glory  which,  with  some  others, 
has  long  departed  from  the  said  church  !  Poyntz  Castle  (now  Griffiths),  a  name  derived  from 
Castrum  Pontii  (perhaps  a  Roman  castelet,  the  mound  of  which  still  remains),  was  a  grange 
belonging  to  the  see  of  St.  David's,  where  the  grain  of  the  district  was  granaried  for  the 
bishop's  benefit,  and  his  servants  and  cattle  kept. 

Beyond  the  picturesquely  situated  little  town  of  Solva — a  name  corrupted  from  St.  Elvis 
(W.,  St.  Eilyw), — a  rustic  church  hard  by,  is  Llanunwas  (Harries) ;  and  nearer  St.  David's, 
.  Trevaccoon  (George  Harries,  Esq. ;  see  also  Harries  of  Rickeston  Hall).  Cryg-glas  (now 
Thomas)  was  also  a  residence  of  a  branch  of  the  Harries  family.  The  parish  of  St.  David's, 
and  parishes  immediately  adjoining,  include  an  extensive  tract  of  flat,  stony  land,  shallow  in 
soil,  and  to  a  proverb  bare  of  trees,  but  eminently  productive  of  corn,  and  settled  upon  by 
numerous  opulent  farmers,  themselves  often  owners  of  the  land  they  cultivate.  Cwmwdi% 


PHYSICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE.  843 

(Howells);  Trenyfed,  properly  Tre-Ednyfed  (T.  Nicholas,  Esq.);  Llanrian  (Williams);  Long- 
house  (Lloyd),  may  be  mentioned.  Tre-Ednyfed,  recently  rebuilt,  has  many  indications  of 
an  ancient  place ;  but  who  "  Ednyfed  "  was  who  gave  it  his  name  is  unknown. 

Further  to  the  north-east,  on  one  of  the  small  tributaries  of  the  West  Cleddeu,  are 
Llanstinan  (formerly  Symmons,  .then  Owen),  Heathfield  (J.  H.  Harries,  Esq.),  Priskilly  (late 
Harries),  Letterston  (C.  H.  Allen,  Esq.),  Trecwn  (Rev.  C.  H.  Barham) ;  and  near  the  sea, 
in  the  old  comot  of  Pencaer,  Tregwynt  (late  Richard  Llewellin,  Esq.) ;  Manor-Owen  (Moses 
Griffith,  Esq.);  and  Trenewydd(]o\m  James,  Esq.);  in  the  pretty  valley  of  the  Gvvaen,  Glynamel 
(J.  Worthington,  Esq.),  the  residence  of  the  Fenton  family,  of  which  Richard  Fenton,  Esq., 
the  topographic  historian  of  Pembrokeshire,  is  the  best  known.  Further  up,  under  the 
shadow  of  Precelly  mountain,  lie  the  ancient  mansion  and  estate  of  Cilcyffeth,  otherwise 
called  "  Cilyceithed  "  (Fenton),  and  more  anciently  "  Cilgynffydd  "  (Dale  Castle  MS.),  now 
faded  into  obscurity,  but  at  one  time  holding  supreme  sway  in  this  district  as  the  patrimony 
of  the  family  of  Dajydd  Ddu  (the  black),  described  by  Fenton  as  ''kings  of  the  mountains," 
which  ended  in  three  co-heiresses,  between  whom  the  estate  fell  and  was  divided,  the  Cil- 
cyffeth portion  going  with  one  of  them  by  marriage  to  the  Barlows  of  Slebech,  thence  to  the 
Hamiltons,  and  thence  to  the  Grevilles.  In  the  same  sunny  vale  is  Pontfaen  (R.  E.  Arden, 
Esq.),  formerly  the  residence  of  the  Laugharnes,  removed  from  Orlandon.  Morville  and 
Gelli-gelynen  are  mansions  in  the  same  district,  turned  for  more  than  a  century  to  common 
uses ;  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Cronllwyn,  said  by  Fenton  to  have  been  a  favourite  spot 
of  Sir  William  Martin,  Lord  of  Cemmaes,  who  married  a  daughter  of  the  "Lord  Rhys"  of 
the  princely  line  of  South  Wales  (see  "f/ie  Lord  Rhys"  and  "Barony  of  Cemmaes"}. 

If  here  we  mount  in  imagination  the  summit  of  Pmellyu,  (bre,  a  hill,  selu,  to  espy),  Pem- 
brokeshire, with  scarcely  an  acre  wanting,  lies  open  to  the  astonished  view.  We  are  1,754  feet 
above  sea  level,  and  all  around,  from  Cardigan  and  the  silvery  winding  thread  of  the  Teivi  to  St. 
David's  Head  and  Ramsey  Island,  the  bay  of  St.  Bride's,  the  jagged  coast  from  Talbenny  to 
St.  Ann's,  the  Danish-named  and  Viking-looking  isles  of  Skomer  and  Skokham,  the  branching 
and  peerless  Hoven,  to  Tenby  and  Caldy  Island,  like  a  map  the  whole  county  lies  before 
you,  as  it  were  laid  out  on  a  table  of  sea.  We  saw  it  on  an  afternoon  not  to  be 
forgotten,  when  the  shadows  of  the  setting  sun  were  long,  and  the  roseate  sky  shed  its 
wondrous  radiance  over  scores  of  miles  of  the  placid  channel,  whose  gentle  play  seemed  to 
utter  delight  at  the  glory  which  covered  its  face. 

Near  Newport,  where  the  Norman  pitched  his  tent  and  built  his  castle,  to  overawe  and 
possess  the  cantref  of  Cemmaes,  are  Llwyngwair  (James  B.  Bowen,  Esq.),  and  Gwmgloyne 
(M,  W.  LI.  Owen,  Esq.).  Nor  is  it  possible  here  to  omit  the  name  of  Henllys  (now 
occupied,  by  Mr.  Harries),  in  the  old  mansion  of  which,  long  wholly  disappeared,  resided  a 
long  line  of  an  honourable  family  (ancestors  on  one  side  of  the  Lloyds  of  Bronwydd,  &c.), 
among  whom  is  always  mentioned  with  pleasure  "  George  Owen  of  Henllys,  the  antiquary." 
(See  Lloyd  of  Bronwydd;  Owen  of  Henllys}  Nearer  Cardigan  are  Pantsaison  (J.  T.  W 
James,  Esq.),  Trevigin  (Major  T.  A.  Jenkins),  and  Pantirion  (R.  D.  Jenkins,  Esq.).  In  the 
extreme  north-east  corner  of  the  county,  and  in  the  fair  and  fertile  lands  of  the  Teivi  basin 
we  find  an  assemblage  of  mansions  of  the  gentry,  whose  number  in  so  small  a  space  is  quite 
remarkable,  especially  when  we  remember  that  the  Cardigan  side  of  the  river  is  almost  as 
thickly  studded  with  similar  seats.  Here  are  Clynfyw  (Major  Henry  Lewis),  Ffynonau  (John 


844 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


Colby,  Esq.),  Cilwendeg  (M.  A.  Saurin,  Esq.),  Pant-y-deri  (Thomas  Colby,  Esq.),  Rhos-y- 
gilwen  (Colby),  Pentre  (A.  H.  S.  Davies,  Esq.),  Cil-rhiwiau  (Sir  T.  D.  Lloyd,  Bart.),  Castle 
Maelg-wyn  (Mrs.  Gower),  and  Glandovan  (R.  F.  Gower,  Esq.).  The  country  around  is  truly 
beautiful,  as  is  every  part  of  the  basin  of  the  Teivi  from  Lampeter  to  the  sea ;  the  cultivation 
is  almost  everywhere  unexceptionable,  and  an  appearance  of  general  comfort  and  competency 
prevails  among  the  population. 

The  little  valley  of  the  Nevern,  from  Eglwys-wnu  to  the  sea,  is  in  its  measure  capable  of 
competing  with  that  of  Teivi  for  its  pretty  scenery.  The  Nevern  draws  its  waters  from  three 
tributaries,  one  coming  from  the  Precelly  hills,  one  from  the  direction  of  Llantwood,  and  the 
third  from  beyond  Eglwys-wrw.  In  the  space  intervening  between  the  two  latter  is  situated 
the  ancient  forest  of  Pencelli,  belonging  to  the  lord  of  the  sub-barony  of  Eglwys-wrw, — for  we 
are  to  remember  that  though  now  a  humble  village  merely,  having  no  known  distinction  in 


FFYNONE  :  THE  SEAT  OF  JOHN  COLBY,  ESQ.  (from  a  photograph). 

modern  times  except  having  given  birth  to  the  late  Rev.  Caleb  Morris,  in  ancient  times 
Eglwys-wrw  witnessed  the  pomp  of  the  feudal  baron  and  all  the  paraphernalia  of  developed 
chivalry.  The  seat  of  the  Norman  Lord  of  Cemmaes  was  Newport  Castle,  and  Eglwys-wrw 
was  constituted  one  of  five  sub-baronies,  and  conferred  on  David  Martin,  Bishop  of 
St.  David's,  son  of  Sir  William  Martin,  third  successor  of  Martin  de  Tours,  the  Norman 
conqueror  of  Cemmaes.  The  manor-house  was  at  Court,  a  place  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
village,  now  scarcely  retaining  a  vestige  to  hint  at  its  former  greatness,  but  which  in  the 
time  of  George  Owen  of  Henllys  (circa  1591),  still  wore  some  of  the  tatters  of  its  lordly 
drapery.  "  I  have  seen  there,"  he  says,  "  huge  walls,  and  rounes  of  greate  breadth,  all 
environed  with  a  strong  and  deepe  moate,  digged  out  of  the  main  rock,  fed  with  a  fresh 
springe,  rising  in  the  same,  and  all  the  greens  thereabout  growne  with  chamomile."  Within 
the  manor,  as  already  said,  the  lord  of  the  place  had  a  wood  called  "  Peucelli  Forest."  This 


THE  GEOLOGY  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE.  845 

contained,  in  George  Owen's  time,  about  five  hundred  acres,  enclosed  in  quickset  hedge  and 
paling  of  about  four  miles  and  three  quarters  in  circumference.  Oaks  of  two  hundred  years 
old  were  then  growing  there,  with  underwood,  hazel  thorns,  and  willows,  and  herbage  that 
would  "  summer  thirty  breeding  mares,  and  winter  three  hundred  sheep  and  two  hundred  cattle 
well  and  sufficiently,  besides  swine  which  might  be  kept  there."  The  forest  contained 
"  thirteen  glades,"  which  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time  were  valued  at  only  ten  shillings  I " 
Pencelli  Forest  still  exists,  but  in  rather  diminished  dimensions,  and  certainly  of  greatly 
augmented  value. 


SECTION  II.— THE  GEOLOGY  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

Speaking  generally,  the  two  extreme  western  points  of  Wales,  Pembrokeshire  and 
Anglesey,  assimilate  to  each  other  in  geological  structure  more  nearly  than  they  do  to  any 
other  of  the  thirteen  counties.  Pembrokeshire  is  like  Glamorgan  in  possessing  a  large 
development  of  the  coal  measures  and  old  red  sandstone,  but  notably  differs  from  it  in 
possessing  the  Lower  Silurian  Llandeilo  group,  of  which  its  main  body  is  composed,  with 
considerable  intrusions  of  igneous  rock,  and  in  being  wholly  destitute  of  the  Permian  and  new 
red  sandstone.  In  all  these  points  it  agrees  with  Anglesey,  and  in  most  of  them  with 
Carnarvonshire.  The  same  primitive  features  are  encountered  if  a  line  is  drawn  northward, 
in  Scotland,  or  westward  at  right  angles  with  it,  in  the  south  of  Ireland. 

The  three  chief  series  of  strata  in  Pembrokeshire  are — i.  The  Llandeilo  rocks,  which 
compose  nearly  the  whole  of  the  county  from  the  Teivi  and  the  Carmarthenshire  boundary 
westward  to  the  river  Cleddeu,  and,  with  certain  interruptions,  to  the  channel,  and  south- 
ward as  far  as  the  line  roughly  marked  by  the  positions  of  St.  dear's,  Narberth,  Haverford- 
west,  and  Haroldston.  2.  The  carboniferous  strata,  generally  indicated  by  the  coal  mining 
operations  from  Saundersfoot  and  Begelly  in  the  east  to  Littlehaven  and  Newgale  on  the 
western  coast,  and  commanding  an  irregular  breadth  averaging  about  three  miles.  3.  The 
Ola  rea  sandstone,  composing  nearly  the  whole  of  Castlemartin  and  Roose  hundreds 
together  with  a  large  tract  stretching  from  St.  Clear's  to  the  sea  at  Pendine,  and  elongated 
westward  in  diminishing  breadth  until  it  terminates  at  a  branch  of  the  Haven  near  Slebech. 
This  is  but  a  continuation  of  the  great  old  red  sandstone  field  of  Herefordshire  and  Brecon- 
shire,  which  sinks  into  a  trough  of  many  thousand  feet  deep  to  contain  the  coal  beds  of  Mon- 
mouthshire, Glamorganshire,  and  Carmarthenshire,  and  after  serving  the  same  office  in 
Pembrokeshire  proceeds  across  the  Irish  Channel,  and  reappears  to  form  a  large  tract  of 
country  on  the  south  of  Ireland. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  Pembrokeshire  contains  a  large  development  of  carboniferous 
limestone,  stratified  Cambrian  beds,  and  igneous  rocks,  stratified  and  eruptive.  The  carboni- 
ferous limestone  associated  stratigraphically  with  the  coal  beds,  is  now  geographically  in  many 
parts  widely  separated  from  them,  as  on  the  southern  coast  of  Castlemartin,  where  they  form 
the  lofty  and  precipitous  cliffs  of  St.  Gowan's,  the  Stack  Rocks,  and  Linney  Head,  and  in  a 
band  stretching  east  and  west  from  Caldy  Island  to  Pembroke  and  the  mouth  of  the  Haven  ; 
and  another,  parallel  to  it,  from  Tenby,  where  it  forms  the  Castle  Hill  and  basis  of  the 
town,  to  the  Haven  at  Pater,  and  other  places.  This  is  the  useful  rock  which  yields  lime 


846  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

to  the  agriculturist  in  the  various  ports  of  Pembrokeshire  and  other  counties.  The  Cambrian 
group  presents  itself,  irregularly  mixed  with  purple  beds,  &c.,  along  the  coast  from  the 
creek  of  Cwm-mawr  to  Porthllisky,  near  St.  David's.  These  purple  beds  are  quarried  at 
Trefgarn  Owen  and  Troedyrhiw,  and  yield  good  building  stone.  They  are  also  found  near 
St.  David's,  and  were  much  used  in  building  the  cathedral. 

In  the  Precelly  range,  in  the  heights  of  Pencaer  and  St.  David's,  and  in  the  Trefgarn 
and  Plumstone  and  other  rocks  we  encounter  igneous  stratified  masses  of  great  extent ;  and 
at  St.  David's  Head,  Ramsey  Island,  Skomer  Island,  Talbenny  Cliffs,  and  in  a  strip  several 
miles  in  length  easbvard  from  those  cliffs,  there  occur  eruptive  igneous  rocks,  unstratified,  of 
great  thickness. 


SECTION  III.— HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

The  annals  of  Pembrokeshire,  though  in  a  general  sense  divided  into  epochs  corre- 
sponding with  those  of  other  parts  of  Wales,  in  a  more  specific  sense  have  characters  and 
periods  of  their  own.  Through  British,  Roman,  and  Saxon  times,  Pembrokeshire — Dyfed, 
as  then  mostly  called — differed  in  little  from  the  various  districts  of  Western  Britain,  all 
populated  by  Cymric  clans,  divided  into  small  sovereignties,  and  governed  by  their  own 
hereditary  princes.  These  princes  were  generally  engaged  in  a  pastime  of.  war  among  them- 
selves, busily  reducing  their  own  resources  and  power  of  resistance.  In  due  course,  accord- 
ingly, the  independence  which  from  time  immemorial  their  forefathers  had  enjoyed  was 
rudely  disturbed,  gradually  exchanged  for  feudal  subjection  under  the  English  kings 
Edgar,  Alfred,  and  Athelstan,  further  curtailed  under  the  Conqueror,  Rufus,  and  the  Henrys, 
and  totally  annihilated  under  Edward  I.  In  all  these  phases  Pembrokeshire  shared,  in  the 
general  sense  mentioned,  the  like  fate  with  all  G-wyncdd,  Dchcubarth,  Gu<ent,  and  Morgaj.ivg 
or  N.  Wales,  S.  Wales,  and  the  lands  of  Monmouth  and  Glamorgan ;  but  from  William 
Rufus  to  Henry  VIII.  it  had  a  mixed  history  of  its  own,  which  assimilated,  but  still  only 
in  part,  with  the  history  of  the  Marcher  lands  of  Glamorgan,  Brecknock,  and  Montgomery. 

Pembrokeshire    history,    scientifically    partitioned,    would    have    these    three    leading 
divisions: — i.  The  British  Period.     2.  The  Norman  Period.     3.  The  English  Period. 


British  Period. 

For  the  British  period  the  history  of  Pembrokeshire  and  all  Wales  is  left  very  much  at 
the  mercy  of  legend  and  poetic  fancy ;  but  we  have,  even  along  this  shadowy  track,  a  few 
glimpses  at  bare  and  real  history  for  at  least  1,800  years.  We  know  beyond  doubt  that  the 
country  was  inhabited  by  the  old  Britons  when  the  Romans  subdued  Britain.  At  that  time 
Pembrokeshire,  with  parts  of  Cardigan  and  Carmarthen,  went  under  the  name  Dy/ed,  which 
the  Romans  imitated  in  their  Dimetia,  at  the, same -time  calling  the  people  Dimeta.-  In 
later  times  this  designation  was  applied  to  all  three  counties  together,  and  still  more  recently  to 
our  county  alone,  as  fortune,  moulded  by  war  or  alliance  of  the  princely  houses,  determined. 
We  hear  obscurely  in  the  native  records  of  Brochmael  and  other  kings  of  Dyfed  in  Roman' 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE.  847 

times.  Asser  of  St.  David's,  a  writer  of  authority  (ninth  cent.),  informs  us  that  when  he  was 
invited  to  the  court  of  Alfred,  Hemeid,  King  of  Dyfed  with  all  the  region  of  Dimetia,  forced 
by  the  violence  of  the  six  sons  of  Rhodri  (the  Great),  had  placed  themselves  under  the 
protection — no  doubt  in  the  sense  of  a  mild  feudal  subjection — of  Kinj  Alfred.  We  also 
hear  of  Meurig,  King  of  Dyfed.  On  the  division  of  Wales  by  Rhodri  the  Great,  Cadell,  one 
of  the  "  six  sons,"  became  ruler  of  Deheubarth  (S.  Wales),  containing  at  least  Dyfed, 
Ceredigion  (Cardigan)  and  Ystrad  Tywi  (Carmarthenshire),  and  the  country,  eastward  as 
far  as  the  Tawe,  in  Glamorgan.  Howel  Dda,  son  of  Cadell,  in  907  succeeded  to  this  same 
district  and  to  Powys,  both  of  which  he  ruled  in  the  entire  absence  of  war  for  many  years. 
In  940  he  became  ruler  of  all  Wales.  Of  his  code  of  laws,  &c.,  see  at  p.  229  et  seq. 

The  tread  of  the  Roman  on  Dimetian  soil  was,  for  so  iron  a  heel,  comparatively  so 
light  and  harmless,  that  for  Pembrokeshire  we  need  not  have  a  Roman  "  period."  As  Caesar 
never  saw  or  dealt  with  any  part  of  Britain  west  of  the  Severn,  the  Roman  conquest  of 
Dyfed,  if  such  superiority  as  was  here  exercised  can  be  termed  a  conquest,  was  probably 
brought  to  pass  between  the  subjugation  of  the  Silures  under  Caractacus  by  Ostorius,  A.D.  50 
and  the  recall  of  Agricola,  A.D.  85,  but  possibly  at  a  much  later  date.  Of  Roman  doings  in 
Pembrokeshire  we  know  extremely  little.  That  they  overran  the  county,  and  made  roads 
across  it  from  end  to  end,  is  witnessed  by  the  Itinerary  of  Antoninus  and  by  remains  of 
their  roads  and  stations  here  and  there  to  this  day  observable.  From  Carmarthen  (Mari- 
dununi),  their  chief  city  west  of  Caerleon  (see  Caerleon),  they  made  a  road  direct  to 
St.  David's,  having  a  station  at  Ad  Vicessimitm,  near  Ambleston ;  and  to  meet  this  at 
St  David's  they  made  another,  known  more  recently  by  the  misnomer  Via  Flandrica,  coming 
from  the  Via  Occidentalis  (called  Sarn  Helen  by  the  Welsh),  which  passed  from  Carmarthen 
for  North  Wales  through  the  vale  of  the  Upper  Teivi,  having  a  station  at  Llanio  (Loventium), 
— see  p.  254.  This  road  travelled  for  St.  David's,  across  Precelly  mountain,  by  Cil-rhedyn, 
Priskilly,  Croes-goch,  and  Waun-y-beddau. 

The  antiquities  of  the  British  and  pre-historic  period  are  numerous  in  Pembrokeshire. 
Chief  amongst  them  may  be  mentioned  the  great  cromlechs  of  Pentre-Evan,  near  Felin-dre  ; 
Llech-y-dribedd,  between  Newport  and  Cardigan;  one  at  Tre-llys,  in  Pencaerj  one  at  Long- 
house,  near  Mathry ;  another  at  Manor-bier,  near  Tenby.  Cromlechs  of  lesser  size  are  also 
found,  if  not  destroyed,  at  Newton,  Castlemartin ;  Llech-faen  (now  usually  pronounced  Lloch- 
faen),  near  Solva.  At  St.  Dogmael  is  one  of  the  finest  Ogham  stones  in  the  Principality,  a 
narrow  slab  of  porphyrilic  greenstone  such  as  is  known  in  the  Precelly  Hills,  semi-columnar 
in  form,  and  seven  feet  long,  tapering  upwards  from  twelve  to  nine  inches  in  width,  an  d  in 
average  thickness  about  seven  inches.  Stones  of  this  sort  are  prized  by  farmers  for  gate- 
posts, and  two  holes  in  its  side  show  that  to  such  service  this  ancient  monument  was  at  one 
time  converted.  It  also  served  as  a  foot-bridge  across  a  brook  for  generations.  Afterwards 
it  was  removed  into  a  wall,  upon  the  pulling  down  of  which  it  fell  and  was  broken  in  two 
pieces.  It  was  only  then  that  its  character  became  fully  known.  On  one  side  it  bears  the 
inscription,— SAGRANI  FILI  CUNOTAMI,  which  had  been  noticed  before  by  Camden ;  but  on 
the  edge,  thanks  to  the  hard  and  solid  nature  of  the  stone,  remain  still  legible  and  even 
sharply  defined  the  ancient  "  Ogham "  indentations,  which  give  the  reading  Sagram  iii 
maqi  Cunatami,  i.  e.,  "  Sagram,  a  warrior,  son  of  Cunatamus."  The.  only  other  Ogham 
stoiu  in  Pembrokeshire  is  at  Bridell.  An  account  of  both  may  be  seen  in  Arch, 


848  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

Cambrensis,  3rd  Ser.  VI,  pp.   128  and  314.      (See  on  the  Ogham  Alphabet  and  Stones, 
p.  155,  ante.) 

The  caers  and  camps,  the  tumuli  and  ancient  graves  of  Pembrokeshire  are  very  numerous. 
Of  ecclesiastical  antiquities,  also,  there  are  many,  but  these  are  all  cast  into  shadow  by  the 
most  ancient  and  best  known  of  them,  St.  David's  Cathedral,  now  in  course  of  costly 
restoration.  Of  this  historic  pile,  as  venerable  as  ill-placed  for  the  service  of  the  diocese,  it 
is  impossible  here  to  attempt  an  account ;  and  this  is  the  less  necessary,  as  the  valuable 
work  of  Messrs.  Jones  and  Freeman  is  so  generally  known  to  readers  of  these  pages. 

Norman  Period. 

A  new  and  distinctly  marked  period  opens  in  Pembrokeshire  with  the  coming  of  the 
Normans.  We  know  the  men  who  act,  the  posts  they  occupy,  the  castles  they  build,  the 
families  they  found.  The  epoch  is  remarkable,  full  of  incident,  of  social,  political,  and 
racial  change.  It  annihilates  the  rule  of  the  native  princes  and  lords,  fills  half  the  county 
with  a  mixed  but  alien  people  (see  Flemings,  hereafter),  treads  to  the  dust  the  rightful  owners 
of  the  soil,  presents  a  long  march  of  martial  power,  baronial  magnificence,  luxury,  and  proud 
contempt,  and  leaves  behind  it  in  the  ruins  of  its  mighty  fortresses  a  symbol  of  power,  and 
power  fallen,  such  as  have  seldom  been  equalled.  The  story  of  these  fortresses  is  in  fact  the 
story  of  Pembrokeshire  for  the  space  of  four  hundred  years  or  more — from  William  the 
Red  in  1090  to  the  2;th  year  of  the  eighth  Henry,  when  Wales  was  completely  united 
to  England. 

As  the  ancient  divisions  of  Dyfed  were  settled  anew  by  the  last  Llewelyn  during  the 
Norman  period,  and  assist  to  illustrate  the  various  settlements,  they  can  here  be  fully  noted. 
They  consisted  of  seven  canlrefs,  each  having  three  comots,  and  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
cantrefs,  in  the  main,  are  followed  in  the  modern  division  into  hundreds. 


Ancient  Cantrefs. 
CEMMAES 

DAU-GLEDDEU 

PEBYDIOG 

Knds 

PEN-FRO 

AR-BERTH 

EMLYN    . 


Ancient  Comots. 

Is  Never 
Uwch  Never 
Trefdraeth    . 

Amgoed 
Pennant 
Efelfre 

Pebidiog 

Mynyw 

Pencaer 

Hwlffordd   . 
Castell  Gwalchmai. 
Y  Garn 

Pen  fro 

Coed-yr-hif 

Maenor-Pyr 

Penrhyn-ar-glais  . 
EsgerOlef  . 
Tal-lacharn . 

Uwch  Cych. 
Is  Cych. 
Llefether.    . 


Modern  Hundreds. 
KEMES. 

DUNGI.EUDY. 

DEWSLAND 
(Dewis-land). 

ROOSE. 

CASTLE-MARTIN. 

NARBERTH. 

ClLGERRAN. 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES:    PEMBROKE  CASTLE.  849 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  here  to  remark  that  the  word  cantref  (cant,  a  hundred  ;  tref,  an 
abode,  settlement)  signified  a  district  roughly  estimated  to  contain  one  hundred  houses  or 
abodes, — in  an  enlarged  sense  a  "  settlement "  grown  into  a  village ;  and  that  comot  (cwmmwd 
—  cyd,  together;  bod,  to  be, dwell)  meant,  a  "  neighbourhood,"  probably  not  strictly  defined,  but 
small  enough  to  admit  of  acquaintanceship  and  those  mutual  neighbourly  amenities  and 
services  which  go  far  to  constitute  a  unity, — hence  the  word  cymmydog,  "  a  neighbour,"  one 
with  whom  we  acknowledge  a  tie  of  neighbourly  relationship,  like  the  Latin  vicinus — one 
living  near,  of  the  same  vicus  or  village. 

It  is  very  observable  in  the  history  of  the  Norman  domination  in  Pembrokeshire  how 
carefully  they  kept  their  hands  from  violating  Pebydiog — a  land  which  had  assumed  a 
sacredness  in  their  eyes,  plunderers  though  they  were,  through  its  having  been  assigned 
for  many  ages  to  the  tutelage  of  St.  David.  They  called  it  emphatically  "  Dewi's-land " 
(David's-land),  as  the  Welsh  in  later  times  called  the  cathedral  church  of  St.  David's,  Ty- 
Ddewi—"  David's  abode."  While  Cemmaes,  Rhos,  Penfro,  nearly  all  Daugleddeu,  and  Arberth 
were  overrun  with  fire  and  sword,  and  then  possessed,  not  a  finger  was  laid  upon  sacred 
Pebydiog,  for  it  was  the  patrimony  of  David  and  the  Church.  This  cantref,  therefore,  was 
not  affronted  with  alien  settlers,  and  its  inhabitants  to  this  day  are  a  specimen  of  the  Cymric 
breed  as  pure  as  any  in  Wales,  and  perhaps  not  even  Brittany  can  produce  a  more  un- 
adulterated sample  of  the  Celtic  race.  The  three  hundreds  of  Cemmaes,  Cilgerran,  and 
Dewsland,  with  some  half-dozen  parishes  on  the  margins  of  Daugleddeu  (Dungleddy)  and 
Narberth  are  properly,  and  for  600  years  have  continued  the  "  Welshery  "  of  this  county 
(Pembrochia  Wallicaiia),  the  remaining  parts  being  the  "  Englishery  " — known  since  the  age 
of  Camden,  who  baptized  it  as  Anglia  Transwalliana,  "  Little  England  beyond  Wales." 

The  first  and  chiefest  place  pounced  upon  by  the  fell  Norman  was  Pembroke,  and 
here  he  built  one  of  his  mightiest  castles.  The  site  of  this  stupendous  pile,  inferior  only  to 
Caerphilly  (see  Frontispiece,  and  pp.  533 — 39)  and  Caernarvon  (see  pp.  328,  329),  and  one  or 
two  others  in  the  kingdom,  is  believed  to  have  been  a  British  stronghold  prior  to  the  arrival 
of  Arnulph  (otherwise  Arnold)  de  Montgomery,  but  neither  in  the  An/tales  Cambria;  nor 
other  reliable  chronicle  do  we  find  any  definite  account  to  that  effect.  The  site  is  a  lime- 
stone rock  some  forty  feet  in  elevation,  projecting  into  the  water  between  two  diminutive 
creeks,  washed  on  three-fourths  of  its  margin  by  the  tide,  and  forming  the  end  of  the  ridge 
upon  which  the  town  of  Pembroke  has  been  built.  The  plan  displays  all  the  arrangements 
of  a  mighty  fortress,  with  projecting  towers,  bastions,  portcullises  and  drawbridges,  walls  in 
many  parts  fourteen  feet  in  thickness,  and  a  circular  tower  or  keep  rising  from  the  interior 
(seen  the  highest  object  in  the  view),  of  enormous  strength  and  dimensions — the  part  which 
snugly  encased  the  garrison  which  gave  Cromwell  so  much  trouble,  and  was  only  reduced 
at  last  by  famine  and  thirst.  If  viewed  from  one  of  the  neighbouring  eminences,  or  better 
still  from  the  water,  and  imagination  builds  the  walls,  towers,  and  turrets  to  their  accustomed 
height,  capping  the  circular  keep  (on  the  authority  of  old  Leland,  with  a  huge  millstone  for 
a  roof—"  the  toppe  wherof  is  kevered  with  a  flat  mille-stone  "),  the  scene  is  grand  and 
inspiring  to  a  degree.  But  perhaps  the  effect  is  even  greater  if  imagination,  except  to  recall 
its  story,  leaves  the  region  as  it  is,  rearing  its  gigantic  form,  now  broken  and  crumbling,  in 
bold  and  defiant  protest  against  the  merciless  devastations  of  time  and  storm.  A  sense  of 
wonder  creeps  over  the  mind  at  the  character  of  times  and  usages  which  required  such 


850 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


artificial  mountain  fortresses  to  shelter  and  save  from  speedy  vengeance  "  the  legitimate 
owners  of  the  soil,"  and  at  the  hetacombs  of  men  slain  in  attack  and  defence  under  such 
frowning  battlements,  and  the  scenes  of  fire  and  blood,  the  din  of  whizzing  arrows,  clashing 
swords,  and  strokes  of  heavy  battle-axe  on  helmet  and  cuirass,  and  of  cries  of  vengeance 


PEMBROKE  CASTLE. 

and  of  suffering,  which  are  wrapped  up  in  the  story  of  liberty  grappling  with  tyrannic  might 
at  such  a  place ! 

Arnulph  de  Montgomery,  son  of  that  Roger  de  Montgomery  whom  we  have  seen 
ensconcing  himself  in  a  similar  robber's  nest  at  that  town  which  afterwards  bore  his  name 
(see  p.  789)  in  1090,  or  thereabouts,  received  a  carte  blanche  from  King  Rufus  to  seize  and 
possess  himself  of  any  district  in  Wales  he  might  covet  and  was  able  to  take.  He  was  to 
hold  it  from  the  king  during  good  behaviour.  Arnulph  had  a  discerning  eye,  which  glistened 
as  he  looked  out  on  that  beauteous  Milford  Haven  and  the  fat  red  sandstone  lands  which  on 
either  side,  like  a  bordure  of  purple  and  gold,  enfolded  it.  He  fought  for  and  won  the  land, 
and  on  this  rock  built  his  eyrie.  But  of  the  extent  and  strength  of  this  first  Norman  fortress 
we  have  no  information.  To  become  what  at  last  it  became  would  require  many  years  and 
successive  possession ;  but  it  is  believed  that  in  the  few  years  which  Arnulph  and  his 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES  :    PEMBROKE  CASTLE.  851 

immediate  successor,  Gerald  de  Windsore,  remained  masters  of  Pembroke  Castle,  the  for- 
tress assumed  much  of  the  shape  which  it  ever  after  presented.  It  is  hard  to  believe 
that  Arnulph  only  erected  here  "a  slender  fortress  with  stakes  and  turf,"  as  is  said  by 
Giraldus  Cambrensis — language  that  would  rather  apply  to  the  earlier  stronghold  of  the 
British  possessor. 

Gerald  de  Windsore,  a  younger  son  of  the  Saxon  Walter,  Castellan  of  Windsor,  and 
ancestor  of  the  Geralds  and  Fitzgeralds,  succeeded  to  Pembroke  Castle  by  gift  of  the  king  ; 
having  already  been  of  service  as  sub-lieutenant  under  Arnulph,  and  having  slain  Owen,  son 
of  Cadwgan  ap  Bleddyn,  chief  Lord  of  Cardiganshire — then  called  Ceredigion.  While  master 
of  this  castle  he  greatly  strengthened  it.  Giraldus  Cambrensis  relates  (If in.,  xii.)  that 
immediately  on  the  death  of  Rhys  ap  Tnvdwr,  Prince  of  South  Wales,  and  sworn  foe  of  the 
Noimans — an  event  which  must  have  occurred  in  1091  or  1092  (see  pp.  232-4),  Gerald  had 
to  sustain  a  terrible  siege  in  this  castle  as  lieutenant  or  steward  to  Arnulph,  who  had  gone  to 
England.  On  this  occasion,  however,  he  proved  himself  a  man  of  sagacity  and  good  mettle. 
One  night  during  the  siege,  when  his  case  had  almost  become  desperate,  the  garrison  from 
the  length  of  the  siege  being  reduced  to  the  utmost  want  of  provisions,  the  governor  caused 
four  hogs  which  yet  remained  to  be  cut  into  small  pieces  and  thrown  down  to  the  enemy ; 
and  on  the  day  following,  having  recourse  to  a  still  more  subtle  stratagem,  he  contrived  that 
a  letter,  sealed  with  his  own  signet,  should  be  found,  apparently  accidently  dropped,  before 
the  house  of  Wilfred,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  then  by  chance  in  the  neighbourhood,  "stating 
that  there  would  be  no  necessity  of  soliciting  the  aid  of  Earl  Arnulph  for  the  next  four 
months  to  come."  These  things  being  made  known  to  the  besiegers,  the  siege  was  at  once 
raised.  Arnulph  was  dismissed  after  about  a  year's  possession,  and  Gerald  was  appointed 
to  the  lieutenancy. 

Soon  after  this,  Gerald  married  the  frail  Nesta,  dau.  of  the  late  Prince  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr, 
(see  account  of  Nesta,  p.  146),  and  removed  to  the  domain  of  Carew,  her  dowry,  of  which 
castle  we  shall  treat  hereafter. 

The  De  Clares,  Gilbert  and  Richard,  Earls  of  Pembroke,  entered  this  place  under  the  high 
designation  of  carls,  the  former  in  1138,  the  latter — the  conqueror  of  a  part  of  Ireland — in 
1149,  whose  daughter  and  heiress,  Isabel,  married  William  Marshall,  who  in  her  right 
succeeded  as  Earl  of  Pembroke  in  1189.  His  line  continued  till  1245,  when  it  became 
extinct.  There  were  after  this  Earls  of  Pembroke  bearing  the  name  of  Valence  for  two 
generations,  and  Hastings  for  three  generations,  when  the  castle  and  lands  fell  to  Humphrey 
Plantagenet,  youngest  son  of  Henry  IV.,  summoned  to  Parliament  as  Earl  of  Pembroke  and 
Duke  of  Gloucester  in  1414 — 1446.  Then  came  William  de  la  Pool,  whose  estates  were 
forfeited  on  his  demise,  1450.  Jasper  Tudor,  son  of  Owen  Tudor,  founder  of  the  Tudor 
dynasty,  obtained  the  earldom  of  Pembroke  in  1452  ;  and  it  was  here,  in  1456,  that  Henry, 
Earl  of  Richmond  (son  of  Jasper's  brother,  Edmund  Tudor),  and  afterwards  Henry  VII., 
was  born.  Jasper's  attainder  took  place  in  1461,  when  his  estates  were  forfeited.  The 
earldom  was  next  conferred  by  Edward  IV.  upon  William,  Lord  Herbert  (see  Lineage, 
Herbert  of  Llanarth),  the  first  person  of  British  blood  who  had  held  Pembroke  Castle  since 
the  time  of  Rufus.  William  Herbert  was  beheaded  at  Banbury,  1469,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  William,  who  died  without  an  heir,  and  the  earldom  reverted  to  the  Crown. 
Herberts  again  came  into  possession,  1551,  by  favour  of  Edward  VI.,  who  created  Sii 


852  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

William  Herbert,  K.G.,  ol  Ewias,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  Baron  Herbert  of  Cardiff  (see 
Bute,  Marquess  of),  but  the  former  title  carried  no  estates,  the  jurisdiction  and  ancient  re- 
venues and  lands  of  the  earldom  being  retained  by  the  sovereign.  The  earldom 
still  continues  in  the  Herbert  line,  and  is  now  vested  in  George  Robert  Charles,  thirteenth 
Earl  of  Pembroke,  of  Wilton  House,  Salisbury,  b.  1850. 

During  the  wars  between  Charles  I.,  and  his  Parliament,  Pembroke  Castle  stood  its  last 
siege  and  burning,  when  it  required  all  the  energy  and  force  of  Cromwell  to  compass  its 
subjugation.  In  June,  1648,  the  intrepid  general,  himself  a  Welshman  by  paternal  descent 
(see  p.  589),  and  not  ill-acquainted  with  the  martial  qualities  of  the  hot  "  Church-and-King 
Britons"  whom  he  had  now  to  quell,  marched  hastily  from  Chepstow  for  Pembroke,  eager  and 
resolved  to  bring  Major-Gen.  Laugharne,  Col.  Poyer,  and  Col.  Powel  to  their  senses,  or  to 
something  worse.  But  implements  for  the  battering  of  such  a  place  are  not  at  command- 
June  9th,  he  orders  the  blast-furnaces  of  Carmarthen  to  melt  iron  and  make  "  shells  for  our 
mortar-pieces,"  with  some  "  D  cannon-shot  and  some  culverins,"  to  be  sent  with  all  possible 
speed.  Hugh  Peters,  that  useful  man  to  Cromwell,  goes  across  to  Milford,  and  from  the 
Lion,  a  Parliament  ship  riding  there,  gets  "  two  drakes,  two  demi-culverins,  and  two  whole 
culverins,"  and  conveys  them  to  the  Leaguer.  With  these  scanty  machines  an  essay  is  made 
to  batter  and  storm,  but  not  with  success.  June  14,  the  general  writes  to  Speaker  LenthaU, 
"  They  begin  to  be  in  extreme  want  of  provisions,  so  as  in  all  probability  they  cannot  live  a 
fortnight  without  being  starved  ;  "  "  last  night  we  got  two  little  guns  planted,  which  in  twenty- 
four  hours  will  take  away  their  miUs  ;"  "last  night  we  fired  divers  houses,  which  fire  goes  up 
the  town  still ;"  "confident  I  am  we  shall  have  it  in  fourteen  days  by  starving,"  says  the  fell 
man.  His  calculations  however,  were  rather  hasty. 

June  28,  the  castle  not  yet  taken,  but  progress  through  hot  energy  making,  Cromwell 
writes  to  General  Fairfax,  "  The  country  since  we  sat  down  before  this  place  has  made  two 
or  three  insurrections,  and  are  ready  to  do  it  every  day ;  so  that  what  with  looking  to  them," 
&c.,  things  are  bad  enough.  Not  till  July  n,  1648,  is  Oliver  able  to  announce  to  Speaker 
Lenthall,  "  The  town  and  castle  of  Pembroke  were  surrendered  to  me  this  day."  Most  of 
the  garrison  are  allowed  to  surrender  on 'terms,  but  the  three  leading  men  above-named 
are  obliged  to  surrender  at  discretion.  They  are  expressly  "  excepted  "  on  these  grounds : — 
"  They  are  such  as  have  formerly  served  you  [the  Parliament]  in  a  very  good  cause,  but  being 
now  apostatised,  I  did  rather  make  election  of  them  than  of  those  who  had  always  been  for 
the  king,  judging  their  iniquity  double."  The  Parliament,  however,  decides  upon  sparing 
some  two  of  them,  and  they  have  to  draw  lots  for  life.  Three  pieces  of  paper  are  supplied, 
on  two  of  which  is  written,  "  Life  given  by  God," — the  other  is  a  blank.  Poor  Colonel 
Poyer — "  drunken  Poyer,"  as  Carlyle  calls  him — draws  the  blank,  and  is  shot  in  Covent 
Garden. 

Carew  Castle,  which  comes  next  in  natural  order  in  the  Normanic  history  of  Pembroke- 
shire, had  its  origin  as  a  palace-fortress  in  the  marriage  of  the  above-mentioned  Gerald  de 
Windsore  with  Nest,  daughter  of  Prince  Rhys  ap  Tewclwr,  of  Dinefawr.  This  marriage  was 
one  of  policy,  as  we  are  told  marriages  sometimes  even  in  our  own  civilized  and  Christian 
times  continue  to  be.  Gerald  knew  his  difficulties,  and  knew  that  Nest,  though  a  concubine 
of  Henry  I.,  as  the  daughter  of  a  Welsh  prince  would  conciliate  the  Welsh  to  his  person  and 
rule,  and  as  a  large  heiress  would  usefully  add  to  his  narrow  fortune. 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— CAREW  CASTLE. 


853 


On  a  spot  already  called  Caerau,  "  the  fortified  camps,"  he  builds  his  castle,  afterwards  by 
helpless  foreign  tongues  pronounced  Carew.  Caerau  was  one  of  the  demesnes  belonging  to 
the  princes  of  Dinefawr,  and,  as  would  seem,  had  along  with  other  lands  been  given  as  her 


CAREW  CASTLE— FRONTING  THE  CREEK. 


dowry  to  Nesta.  The  extent  of  the  first  erection  is  not  known,  but  it  is  certain  that  additions 
were  made  to  it  at  different  periods.  The  character  of  the  architecture  in  the  superb  front 
facing  the  creek  pronounces  it  to  be  late  -  probably  of  the  time  of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas's 


CAREW  CASTI.E — INTERIOR. 
3   K 


854  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

possession.  For  more  than  350  years  the  castle  of  Carew  and  its  extensive  lands  remained 
in  the  direct  descendants  of  Gerald  de  Windsore,  who,  however,  as  early  as  the  third  gene- 
ration had  assumed  the  surname  "  De  Carew,"  from  their  estate.  The  last  possessor  of  this 
name,  Edmond  Carew,  sold  or  mortgaged  it  in  the  fifteenth  century  to  the  celebrated  Sir 
Rhys  ap  Thomas,  Kt.  of  Dinefawr  (see  Jt/iys  ap  Thomas),  who  was  proprietor  of  the  lordship 
of  Dinefawr  (attempted  for  a  time  to  be  called  "  Newton  "),  Carew,  Llansadvvrn,  Cilsane, 
Emlyn,  Cilcenin,  Aberayron,  Llanrhystyd,  Narberth,  Llangybi,  and  two  or  three  others ;  but 
on  the  unjust  and  cruel  attainder  of  his  grandson,  Rhys  ap  Gruffydd  ap  Rhys,  who  had 
married  Catherine  Howard,  daughter  of  Thomas,  Duke  of  Norfolk,  his  estates  were  forfeited 
to  the  Crown.  Carew  was  leased  for  a  term  of  years  to  Sir  John  Perrott,  a  court  favourite, 
and  to  others,  the  remainder  of  whose  leases,  according  to  Fenton,  were  purchased  by  Sir  John 
Carew,  a  remote  descendant  and  heir  of  that  Sir  Edmond  Carew  who  had  mortgaged  the 
castle  to  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas.  His  great-grandson,  Thomas  Carew,  who  died  1774,  left 
only  two  daughters,  co-heiresses,  one  of  whom  having  died  unmarried,  the  survivor,  Elizabeth, 
married  James  Bernard,  Esq.,  after  whose  death  Carew  Castle  reverted  to  the  Carew  line, 
formerly  known  as  Carews  of  Crowcombe  Court,  Somerset,  where  they  are  still  settled. 
The  Carews  are  not  known  to  have  resided  at  Carew  Castle  since  the  time  when  the  place 
was  battered  down  by  Cromwell  in  1644  (when  Sir  John  Carew  had  garrisoned  it  for  the 
king),  but  the  property  still  continues  in  the  family. 

It  is  not  from  its  position,  which  is  but  a  slightly  raised  rock  on  one  of  the  arms  of 
Milford  Haven,  that  this  magnificent  ruin  gains  any  of  its  charms. '  The  scenery  around  is 
quiet,  the  ground  slopes  gently  to  the  water,  and  the  shore  close  under  the  walls  is  often 
muddy  and  forbidding.  But  the  colossal  size  of  the  mouldering  pile,  and  the  elaborate 
character  of  the  architecture  are  sufficient,  without  the  accessories  of  beetling  cliffs  and 
mountain  solitudes,  to  excite  attention  and  wonderment.  Our  first  engraving  shows  the 
powerful  towers  and  bastions,  tapering  from  their  foundations  and  containing  elegant 
chambers,  and  the  long  ranges  of  finely  mullioned  and  traceried  square  windows  (the  work 
probably  of  the  fifteenth  century)  which  lighted  the  great  state  apartments  ;  and  the  second 
engraving  clearly  defines  some  of  the  features  of  the  interior  in  archway  and  oriel  window, 
niche,  doorway,  and  ascending  steps.  When  Fenton  figured  this  castle  in  1810,  the  battle- 
ments along  the  whole  front  were  nearly  perfect ;  since  then  the  central  bastion  and  tower, 
with  the  great  bay-windows  they  enclosed,  have  fallen,  and  several  breaches  made  by  time — 
the  leisurely  but  most  powerful  of  all  agents  of  destruction — have  assisted  to  change  a  great 
palatial  fa9ade  into  the  appearance  of  an  ancient  but  exquisite  ruin. 

Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas  is  said  to  have  built  the  projecting  bastions  and  great  windows,  and 
to  have  much  enlarged  and  decorated  the  state  apartments.  A  chimney-piece  with  finely 
wrought  Corinthian  columns  is  among  the  more  recent  decorations,  and  the  interior  in  other 
parts  displays  a  mixture  with  the  Gothic  of  the  classic  style.  The  later  additions,  though 
strong,  are  not  so  colossal  as  the  ancient  parts,  as  if  the  builders  were  already  conscious  that 
the  age  of  barbarism  was  passing  away,  and  quieter  times  were  approaching.  The  great 
banqueting-hall,  102  feet  long,  with  proportional  width,  in  decorated  Gothic  highly  orna- 
mented, must  have  been  a  superb  apartment,  for  even  the  defaced  and  broken  remains  of  it 
are  still  beautiful.  Over  the  gateway  are  the  arms  of  England,  of  the  House  of  Lancaster, 
and  of  the  Carews. 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— SEAL  OF  RICHARD,  PRINCE  OF  WALES.  855 

It  was  in  consequence  of  the  conquest  of  Pembroke  by  Arnulph  de  Montgomery  that 
the  county  of  Pembroke  was  ultimately  constituted  a  county  palatine.  As  such  it  had  a 
chancery  and  other  courts  of  its  own  held  in  the  lord's  castle,  and  was  thus  of  higher  dignity 
than  any  other  county  in  the  kingdom  except  its  palatine  compeers  of  Lancaster,  Chester  and 
Durham.  The  palatinate  character  of  Pembrokeshire  was  ultimately  taken  away;  Henry  VIII., 
when  he  created  new  counties  for  Wales,  made  them  all  of  the  same  level,  and  fully  united 
the  thirteen  counties  to  England  (see  p.  755).  The  princes  of  Wales  of  the  Plantagenet 
line  had  their  chancery  for  South  Wales  at  Carmarthen.  At  pp.  244 — 246  an  account  is 
given  of  the  chancery  seal  of  South  Wales ;  but  the  discovery  of  that  seal,  or  a  cast  of  it 
which  was  considered  a  great  rarity,  has  been  now  succeeded  by  a  still  more  interesting 
discovery,  viz.,  the  seal  of  Richard,  Prince  of  Wales,  son  of  the  Black  Prince.  It  was  figured 
in  1684  in  the  Progress  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  already  repeatedly  referred  to  (see  pp. 
740-41),  and  is  transferred  to  our  pages  by  kind  permission  of  his  Grace  the  present 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  who  has  recently  privately  printed  the  Progress.  The  workmanship, 
clearly  too  good  for  the  fourteenth  century,  must  be  ascribed  in  part  to  the  skill  of  the 


SEAL  OF  RICHARD,  PRINCE  OF  WALES,  A.D.,  1376. 

modern  artist ;  but  the  charges  on  the  escutcheon — the  arms  of  France  and  England 
quarterly,  with  the  former  "  fleurs-de-lis  sem6e  "  (not  "  three  fleurs-de-lis,"  as  in  the  later  seal 
of  Prince  Henry,  described  at  p.  245),  the  arms  known  to  have  been  borne  by  Richard  II. 
as  well  as  by  Edward  III.  and  the  Black  Prince,  are  demonstrably  correct.  So  is  the  label 
of  three  points.  The  inscription  running  round  the  seal — SIGILLUM  RICARDI  PRINCIPIS 
WALLLE,  DUCIS  CORNUBIE,  COMITIS  CESTRIE,  PRO  OFFICIO  SUTH  WALLIE,  carries  several 
marks  of  genuineness  in  the  Latinity  of  the  Plantagenet  period,  seen  in  the  terminations 
"  Cornub/V?,"  "  CestrzV,"  «  Walte,"  and  the  mongrel  "  Suth." 

The  account  of  the  finding  of  it  is  thus  given  in  the  Progress: — "  The  procurement  of  the 
view  of  a  scale  of  green  wax  of  Richard,  Prince  of  Wales,  I  ow  to  the  civility  of  ... 
Gent.,  Under  Sheriff  of  this  county  [Carmarthen].  It  was  fastened  to  a  deed  with  a  silken 
labell  woven  of  yellowe  and  red,  bearing  date  thus, — 'Kaermerdyn,  16  Aprilis,  in  the  7th 
year  of  his  reign,  annoque  Domini  1376.' "  It  is  further  stated  with  respect  to  the  other  side 
of  the  seal : — "  He  is  represented  on  the  face  side  in  armour,  on  horseback,  with  his  sword 
chains  in  one  hand  and  shield  and  bridle  in  the  other,  in  his  surtout,  and  his  horse 


8S6 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


caparizon'd,  which,  with  the  shield,  are  all  charged  with  quarterly  France,  sem6e  of  flower  de 
luces,  and  England,  a  labell  of  three  poynts  "  (comp.  p.  245). 

In  the  close  vicinity  of  Carew  Castle,  as  if  erected  by  some  of  the  early  proprietors — but 
possibly  existing  long  ages  before  Caerau  became  Carew, — is  still  standing  an  exquisite  CROSS, 
formed  of  one  piece  of  stone.  No  inscription  is  legible.  It  has  a  cross  pattee  in  a  circle  at 
the  top,  and  diminishes  in  breadth  as  it  approaches  the  pedestal,  which  is  simply  powerful 
masonry  enclosing  the  basis  of  the  stone.  The  surface  is  divided  into  panels,  all  of  which  are 
wrought  with  interlaced  devices  similar  to  those  of  the  ancient  crosses  so  numerous  in  Ireland. 


Ancient  (Trews  at  Cnrtfca. 

Two  great  events  took  place  at  Carew  Castle  during  its  occupation  by  Sir  Rhys  ap 
Thomas — his  entertainment  there  of  the  Earl  of  Richmond  after  his  landing  at  Dale  in  1485, 
and  the  tournament  (the  first  exhibited  in  Wales)  held  there  in  honour  of  Sir  Rhys's  admis- 
sion to  the  Order  of  the  Garter  after  Richmond  had  become  King  Henry  VII. 

We  have  already  (pp.  240 — 244)  narrated  the  distinguished  part  taken  by  Sir  Rhys  ap 
Thomas  in  placing  the  Tudor  on  the  throne.  On  his  way  from  the  place  of  landing,  where  he 
was  allowed  to  "  pass  over  Sir  Rhys's  body  "  to  Bosworth  Field,  the  Earl  tarried  a  night  at 
Carew  Castle,  and,  losing  no  time,  pushed  on  through  the  heart  of  the  country,  receiving 
everywhere  accessions  to  his  hosts  of  adherents  of  those  brave  men  of  South  Wales  who 
turned  the  tide  of  battle  at  Bosworth.  The  second  night  he  was  entertained  by  Dafydd  ap 
leuan  at  Llwyn-Dafydd,  Llandyssilio-Gogo,  Cardiganshire,  and  so  pleased  was  Richmond  at 
his  reception  that  on  his  accession  he  sent  as  a  present  to  Dafydd  ap  leuan  a  Air/as,  or 
drinking-horn,  chased  and  mounted  in  silver,  with  heraldic  devices  of  much  beauty.  Its 
supporters  are  the  greyhound  of  the  Llwyn-Dafydd  arms  and  the  dragon  of  Cadwaladr.  It 
stands  eight  or  nine  inches  high,  and  is  about  sixteen  inches  in  length.  Having  become 


HIRLAS  HORN— TOURNAMENT  AT  CAREW.  857 

the  property  of  the  Earl  of  Carbery  during  the  civil  wars,  it  thus  came  to  Golden  Grove, 
where  it  still  remains. 

The  engraving  we  give  of  this  interesting  relic  is  copied  by  permission  of  the  Duke  of 
Beaufort  from  the  Progress  of  his  ancestor,  written  in  1684,  and  must  be  taken  as  representing 
the  hirlas  as  it  then  was  and  the  workmanship  of  the  period ;  but  it  differs  slightly  from  the 
illustration  supplied  by  the  Earl  of  Cawdor  to  Dwnn's  Heraldic  Visitations  of  Wales  (1846), 
— and  which  is  exactly  reproduced  at  p.  88 1 — in  having  more  silver  chasing,  armorial 
bearings,  and  a  more  elaborate  stand,  while  it  is  less  skilfully  shown  in  perspective.  When 
the  Carmarthenshire  part  was  printed  this  very  beautiful  illustration  was  not  at  command. 


THE  HIRLAS  HORN  OF  HENRY  VII.  {from  the  Beaufort  "  Progress  "). 

Another  memento  of  Henry  VII.  is  in  the  possession  of  E  P.  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Glansevin 
co.  Carmarthen.  It  is  a  silvctjfagon  presented  by  the  king,  in  1485,  to  Einion  ap  Dafydd 
Llwyd,  an  ancestor  of  Mr.  Lloyd  who  dwelt  at  Wern-newydd,  parish  of  Hanarth,  Cardi- 
ganshire, near  Llwyn-Dafydd  already  mentioned.  Tradition  relates  that  Richmond  slept  a 
night  at  Wern-newydd,  and  the  room  and  bed  he  used  are  still  shown  there,  with  an 
inscription  on  the  wall  commemorative  of  the  event.  It  is  scarcely  probable  that  under  the 
circumstances  the  earl  would  have  staid  a  night  at  two  places  so  near  each  other. 

When  Henry  was  firmly  seated  on  the  throne,  he  added  to  the  many  distinctions  he  had 
already  conferred  on  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas  the  honour  of  the  Garter,  and  Sir  Rhys  to  celebrate 
the  occasion  held  a  grand  tournament  and  "  feate  of  armes  "  at  Carew.  The  account  of  this 
event  carries  us  back  to  strange  times,  customs,  ideas,  and  reveals  the  men  who  in  Wales 
were  of  chief  consideration.  In  the  Memoir  of  Sir  Rhys,  printed  in  the  Cambrian  Register 
(1796),  is  a  long  description  of  the  celebrations,  from  which  we  learn  that  Sir  Rhys  ap 
Thomas  made  publication  of  a  "  solemn  just  and  tournament,"  the  fame  of  which  being 
blown  abroad,  "  manie  worthie  and  valerouse  gentlemen  of  his  blood,  some  to  do  him 
honour  and  some  to  make  triall  of  their  abilities  in  feates  of  armes,  came  unto  him  from  all 
partes  of  Wales."  They  flock  in  on  their  caparisoned  chaigers,  Herberts,  Perrotts,  Wogans, 
Butlers,  Gruffydds,  Morgans,  Dunns,  Vaughans  (of  Tretwr),  Jenkin  Mansell,  "the  valiant" 
(of  Oxwich) ;  from  North  Wales,  Griffith,  son  of  Sir  John  Griffith,  Lord  of  Llansadwrn,  and 


858  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

young  Wynn  of  Gwydir,  "  two  hopefull  gentlemen  of  good  towardlmesse,  and  with  them  the 
lustie  Robert  Salisburie,  a  man  noted  for  his  greate  strength  of  bodie,  a  fast  friend  and 
companion  of  Sir  Rhys  in  many  of  his  warlike  adventures." 

These  men  of  "  prime  ranke  "  were  all  lodged  within  the  castle.  For  some  500  more, 
"  moste  of  them  of  goode  ranke  and  qualitie,"  tents  and  pavilions  were  pitched  in  the 
castle  park.  This  festival  and  "  time  of  jollitie"  continued  through  the  space  of  five  days. 
On  St.  George's  Eve  it  began,  when  Sir  Rhys  took  a  view  of  all  the  company,  choosing  out 
500  of  the  tallest  and  ablest  of  them,  dividing  them  into  five  troops,  and  placing  each  troop 
under  the  direction  of  a  captain.  The  second  day  was  occupied  in  exercising  the  troops  in 
the  field  "  in  all  points  as  if  they  were  suddenly  to  goe  on  some  notable  service."  The  third 
day  the  drummers  beat  up,  the  trumpets  sound,  and  the  whole  host  comes  forth  as  in  battle 
array,  "  well  armed  at  all  points."  They  march  to  the  bishop's  palace  at  Lamphey  (now  a 
ruin,  whose  owner  has  not  the  taste  to  show  it  decent  respect),  a  mile  or  thereabouts  distant 
from  Carew,  "bidd  goode  morrowe  to  the  bishoppe  in  the  language  of  souldiers  with 
arquebusses,  musketts,  and  callivers;"  the  bishop  having  with  him  the  abbot  of  Talley  [for  a 
glimpse  at  the  character  of  bishop  and  abbot,  see  p.  242]  and  the  prior  of  Carmarthen;  "  all 
with  rich  capes,"  after  some  mock  parley,  "  the  business  being  so  ordered  aforehand,"  give 
entrance  to  Sir  Rhys ;  the  bishop  ascends  to  the  high  altar,  reads  divine  service,  new  hymns 
are  sung  "  for  the  reste  of  St.  George's  soule,  and  his  safe  deliverance  out  of  purgatorie." 

On  the  return  of  the  cavalcade  to  Carew  a  grand  solemnity  of  dining  takes  place,  bishop 
and  abbot  being  of  the  company  ;  the  "  sewer  "  for  the  time  being  the  entertainer's  son,  Sir 
Griffith  ap  Rhys,  "  who  had  binn  bredd  up  at  coorte,  and  had  some  advantage  of  the  others 
in  point  of  curialitie  and  courtlinesse ; "  Sir  William  Herbert  of  Coldbrook  is  the  carver,  and 
"young  Griffith  of  Penrhyn  the  pocillator  or  cupbearer."  Music  goes  on  ;  "hautboies  and 
other  wind  instruments  weare  not  silent ; "  the  bishop  says  grace ;  the  dinner  begins  ;  health 
of  king,  queen,  and  prince  are  "  often  drank  ; "  bards  and  prydydds  accompanied  by  the 
harp  sing  many  a  song  ;  after  the  entertainment  "  they  walke  abroad  and  take  the  fresh  aire 
of  the  parke,"  and  lastly,  in  the  chapel,  "  heare  solemne  service." 

Next  day,  the  real  day  of  joust  and  tournament,  Sir  William  Herbert's  challenge  to  all 
comers,  four  to  four,  "for  the  honour  of  ladies"  is  presently  accepted  by  Sir  Griffith  Rice, 
Sir  Rhys  "  on  a  goodlie  steed,  in  fine  gilt  armour,  two  pages  on  horseback  before  him  with  a 
herauld,"  &c.,  is  judge  of  the  jousts.  The  trumpets  sound,  and  the  knights  present  themselves 
for  the  conflict,  each  with  his  device  and  motto  displayed.  "  The  two  first  combattants  putt 
their  launces  into  their  restes,  and  soe  rann  each  theire  six  courses.  In  like  sorte  followed 
the  reste,"  and  the  rest — to  the  end  of  the  brilliant  tournament.  "  Sound  knockes  you  may 
be  sure  were  receaved  and  returned  on  both  sides,  butt  noe  harme  at  all  done." 

At  supper,  Sir  Griffith  ap  Rhys,  in  the  presence  of  his  father,  makes  challenge  to  Sir 
William  Herbert,  four  to  four  at  the  ring  next  morning,  for  a  supper  which  the  losers  should 
pay  for  at  Carmarthen  for  their  farewell  at  parting.  The  challenge  was  accepted,  and  the 
loser  by  his  father,  Sir  Rhys's  judgment,  was  Sir  Griffith  ap  Rhys — a  thing  "  agreed  upon 
beforehand,"  as  the  careful  narrator  tells  us,  "  that  soe  he  might  show  his  friendes  the  towne 
of  Carmarthen  before  they  went  away."  Carmarthen  must  have  been  a  fine  place  in  those 
days  !  After  dinner  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas  gives  his  guests  a  hunt  in  the  park,  where  "  they 
killed  divers  buckes"  destined  to  be  consumed  at  the  Carmarthen  supper. 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— MANOKBIER  CASTLE  AND  MANOR.  859 

This  supper  at  Carmarthen — where  there  we  should  be  glad  to  know — ended  this 
memorable  and  unique  tournament,  a  strange  medley  of  healthful  and  knightly  pastime, 
religious  farce,  and  chivalric  gallantry,  wherein  "  one  thinge  "  our  conscientious  chronicler 
declares,  "  is  note-worthie,  that  for  the  space  of  five  dayes,  among  a  thousand  people  there 
was  not  one  quarrell,  crosse  worde,  or  unkind  looke  that  happened."  Early  in  the  morning 
before  they  parted,  we  should  also  observe,  "  the  bishoppe  bestowed  a  sermon  upon  them 
tending  to  all  loyall  admonitions,  obedience  to  superiors,  love  and  charitie  one  towards 
another."  His  text  was  out  of  Eccles.  x.  20,  "  Curse  not  the  king,  no,  not  in  thy  thoughte, 
and  curse  not  the  rich  in  thy  bedd-chamber," — a  text  and  subject  fully  explained  by  the 
political  crisis  referred  to  at  p.  242  ante.  Hugh  Parry  was  Bishop  of  St.  David's  when  this 
tournament  took  place,  but  as  the  date  of  his  appointment  is  generally  given  as  Sept.  19, 
1485,  he  was  possibly  not  the  bishop  of  St.  David's  who  figures  in  consultation  with  Sir 
Rhys  ap  Thomas  about  the  duty  of  joining  the  Earl  ot  Richmond,  and  it  is  difficult  to  say 
who  was  de  facto  bishop  of  St.  David's  in  the  early  part  of  1485. 


MANORBIER  CASTLE. — EXTERIOR  (from  a  f/wtcgraf/i  ly  Bed  orJ). 

Manorbier  Castle,  the  birthplace  of  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  and  home  and  patrimony  for 
some  time  of  his  family,  though  probably  owing  its  origin  to  a  Norman  settler  of  the  eleventh 
century,  was  not  prominently  associated  with  the  sanguinary  deeds  of  the  Anglo-Norman 
conquest  of  Pembroke,  as  some  of  the  other  castles ;  was  never,  as  far  as  is  known,  subject 
to  a  siege;  and  was  not  laid  in  the  dust  by  violence.  William  de  Barri,  the  father  of 
Giraldus,  was  first  possessor  of  his  line  of  the  manor.  His  father,  a  Norman  or  Anglo- 
Norman,  had  assumed  the  name  from  the  little  island  of Barry,  on  the  coast  of  Glamorganshire 
where  he  had  first  settled.  William  de  Barri  took  up  his  abode  at  "  Maenor-Pyr,"  as 
Giraldus  spells  it,  in  the  reign  of  King  Stephen,  a  few  years  only  before  the  birth  of  Giraldus 
(1146).  He  married  Angharad,  daughter  of  Gerald  de  Windsore,  of  Carew  Castle,  already 
mentioned,  by  Nesta,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Prince  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr,  by  whom  he  had 


86o 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


Giraldus  and  other  sons.  The  estate  continued  in  this  family  till  the  time  of  Henry  IV., 
who  in  his  first  year  (1399)  granted  to  John  de  Windsor,  in  fee,  the  manors  of  Manorbier, 
Penally,  and  Begelly,  and  all  other  lands  held  by  David  de  Barry  in  Wales  ;  so  that  the 
continuance  of  the  De  Barris  at  Manorbier  was  not  much  over  two  hundred  and  fifty 
years. 

The  best  account  of  this  interesting  spot  is  that  which  has  been  left  in  the  words  of  the 
enthusiastic  archdeacon  himself,  whose  native  place  it  was,  and  whose  exaggerative  language 
touching  its  character  may  be  pardoned.  The  present  walls  were  not  those  within  which  he 
dwelt,  but  the  magnificent  scenery  in  earth  and  sea  was  the  same  then  as  now,  with  the 
difference  in  its  favour  that  the  castle,  though  humbler,  was  surrounded  by  park,  orchards, 
gardens,  and  all  the  concomitants  of  a  baronial  hall  of  the  secondary  class,  while  at  present 


MANORBIER  CASTLE.— INTERIOR. 


the  village  has  an  impoverished  look,  the  park,  woodland,  orchard,  lake,  and  fishpond  have 
disappeared,  and  a  bald  landscape  capping  magnificent  rocks,  and  sloping  down  by  the 
castle  ruins  to  a  lovely  little  cove,  crescent-like  and  sandy,  is  all  that  remains. 

Giraldus,  writing  in  the  year  1188,  gives  us  a  graphic  account  of  "  Maenor-Pyr,"  as  it 
then  was.  Of  his  attempt  at  etymology  we  only  need  say  that  nothing  is  really  known 
of  the  element  "  Pyr,"  or  "  Byr,"  in  the  name,  while  "  Maenor "  is  plainly  the  same  as 
Manor.  "  The  Castle  of  Maenor  Pyr,  that  is  the  mansion  of  Pyrrhus,  who  also  possessed 
the  island  of  Caldy,  which  the  Welsh  call  Ynys  Pyr,  or  the  island  of  Pyrrhus,  is  distant 
about  three  miles  [in  modern  measurement  five  miles]  from  Pen-broch.  It  is  exceedingly 
well  defended  by  turrets  and  bulwarks,  and  is  situated  on  the  summit  of  a  hill  extending  on 
the  western  side  towards  the  sea,  having  on  the  northern  and  southern  sides  a  fine  fishpond 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— MANOR13IER  CASTLE  AND  MANOR.  861 

under  its  walls,  as  remarkable  for  its  grand  appearance  as  for  the  depth  of  its  waters  ;  and  a 
beautiful  orchard  on  the  same  side,  bounded  on  one  part  by  a  vineyard  and  on  the  other  by 
a  wood,  remarkable  for  the  projection  of  its  rocks  and  the  height  of  its  hazel  trees.  On  the 
right  hand  of  the  promontory  between  the  castle  and  the  church,  near  the  site  of  a  very  large 
lake  and  mill,  a  rivulet  of  never-failing  water  flows  through  a  valley,  rendered  sandy  by  the 
violence  of  the  winds.  Towards  the  west,  the  Severn  sea,  bending  its  course  towards 
Ireland,  enters  a  hollow  bay  at  some  distance  ;  and  the  southern  rocks,  if  extended  a  little 
farther  towards  the  north,  would  render  it  a  most  excellent  harbour  for  shipping.  From  this 
point  you  will  see  almost  all  the  ships  from  Great  Britain,  which  the  east  wind  drives  upon 
the  Irish  coast,  daringly  brave  the  inconstant  and  raging  waves.  This  country  [Dimetia]  is 
well  supplied  with  corn,  sea-fish,  and  imported  wines ;  and  what  is  preferable  to  every  other 
advantage,  from  its  vicinity  to  Ireland,  it  is  tempered  by  a  salubrious  air.  Dimetia,  therefore, 
with  its  seven  cantrefs,  is  the  most  beautiful  as  well  as  the  most  powerful  district  of  Wales, 
Penbroch  the  finest  part  of  the  province  of  Dimetia,  and  the  place  I  have  just  described  the 
most  delightful  part  of  Penbroch.  It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  Maenor-Pyr  is  the  pleasantest 
spot  in  Wales,  and  the  author  may  be  pardoned  for  having  thus  extolled  his  native  soil,  his 
genial  territory,  with  a  profusion  of  praise  and  admiration."  Giraldus's  logical  demonstration, 
we  fear,  will  not  stand  scrutiny,  but  this  will  not  invalidate  the  fact  that  Manorbier  Castle  is 
a  most  picturesque  ruin,  and  has  an  interesting  if  not  a  romantic  history. 

Giraldus  Cambrensis  himself,  after  all,  constitutes  the  chief  interest  attached  to  Maenor- 
Pyr,  although  he  was  probably  dead  before  the  actual  castle  whose  ruins  we  now  depict  was 
built.  He  was  grandson  of  the  puissant  Prince  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr,  of  Dinefawr,  and  had  a 
strong  attachment  to  Wales.  Paternally  he  was  descended  from  a  foreign  race,  and  often  in 
ecclesiastical  matters  displayed  a  strong  leaning  antagonistic  to  Welsh  ideas.  He  was 
strongly  superstitious,  active  in  habit,  eloquent  in  speech ;  travelled  to  Italy,  and  in  Ireland  ; 
traversed  Wales  north  and  south,  in  company  with  Archbishop  Baldwin  of  Canterbury, 
anticipating  modern  Methodistic  custom,  "  preaching  the  Cross,"  with  the  difference  that 
preaching  the  Cross  in  Giraldus's  case  included,  as  a  main  element,  inciting  the  youth 
of  Wales  to  enlist  as  soldiers  under  the  banners  of  the  Crusades.  He  wrote,  while 
Archdeacon  of  Brecon,  works  of  considerable  extent  and  of  extreme  value,  couched  in 
graphic  style,  full  of  fact  and  anecdote,  in  tolerable  Latin,  and  only  marred  by  occasional 
exaggeration  and  frequent  displays  of  excessive  credulity.  His  ambition  to  become  Bishop 
of  St.  David's,  thwarted  long  by  King  Henry,  seemed  at  last  destined  to  be  gratified.  In 
1198  he  was  chosen  a  second  time  by  the  chapter  of  St.  David's  to  be  their  bishop ;  but  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury — not  his  old  crusading  companion,  Baldwin,  who  was  now  dead, 
but  Hubert  Walter — opposed  the  measure,  on  the  ground  that  to  appoint  a  Welshman  to  the 
metropolitan  see  of  Wales  would  be  fraught  with  danger  to  the  supremacy  of  the  English. 
Giraldus  was  set  aside,  and  Geoffrey  de  Henelawe,  a  Norman,  was  appointed  in  1203,  after 
a  stormy  interregnum  of  four  years,  during  which  Kings  Richard  and  John  promised, 
temporized,  and  refused;  the  Pope  listened  to  appeals  and  oracularized ;  and  Giraldus 
uttered  wrathful  and  biting  words,  which  led  to  his  being  declared  an  enemy  of  the  Crown, 
and  to  the  seizure  of  his  lands.  He  made  his  peace,  however,  with  the  king,  and  recovered 
his  property,  and  on  the  death  of  Henelawe  in  1215  the  see  of  St.  David's  was  again  offered 
to  him ;  but  he  was  now  sixty-nine  years  of  age,  tired  of  care,  toil,  and  controversy,  and 


862  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

declined   the   post.      He   lived   some    eight    years   longer,   but  how   employed,  and  how 
his  strenuous  and  energetic  life  toned  down  to  the  final  rest,  is  not  known. 

A  little  to  the  interior  is  St.  Florence  (old  Tre-goyr),  a.  decayed  village  prettily  situated, 
once  the  resort  of  ''  Tenby  merchants,"  when  Tenby  was  "  a  great  trading  mart,"  and  in 
earlier  times  having  in  its  vicinity  an  extensive  deer-park  belonging  to  the  Earls  of 
Pembroke,  some  traces  of  the  boundaries  of  which  are  still  discernible.  Leland,  who  passed 
here  circa  1540,  says,  "Coming  from  Llanfeth  [Lamphey  ;  Llan-foi  — " St.  Faith"]  towards 
Tenby,  I  rode  by  a  ruinouse  walle  of  a  parke  sometime  longing  to  Sir  Rhyse  [Sir  Rhys  ap 
Thomas,  who,  however,  had  died  in  1527],  now  voide  of  deere."  Further  on  towards 
Tenby  is  "  Trefloyne  "  (old  Tre-llwytf),  formerly  the  home  of  a  branch  of  the  Ap  Owens 
(Bowen — see  Bowen  of  Llwyn-gwair)  of  Pen tre- Evan,  in  Cemmaes.  In  the  civil  war  it  was 
garrisoned  for  the  king,  and  formed  the  head-quarters  of  the  Earl  of  Carbery,  but  being 
invested  by  the  Parliamentarians,  "after  some  battery  and  forcing  of  an  outhouse,"  it 
surrendered,  and  "  there  were  found  there  forty  good  horses  ready  saddled  and  bridled,  and 
150  men."  Stotsborough,  another  historic  house,  has  been  already  noticed. 


TENBY — TOWER  OF  ANCIENT  GATEWAY. 

Tttiby,  now  a  jaunty  and  fashionable  watering-place  (already  partly  described),  was  better 
known  to  our  forefathers  as  a  trading  and  fishing  port  of  no  small  importance,  and  "  a  metely 
waullid  burg,"  with  strong  gates,  defended  on  two  sides  of  the  promontory  on  which  it 
picturesquely  stands  by  precipitous  cliffs  meeting  in  a  point  at  the  Castle  Hill  (which  cuts 
the  sea  anc"  shelters  a  cove  for  the  shipping),  and  connected  landward  by  powerful  walls 
running  at  right  angles  to  each'other  and  to  the  cliffs,  thus  forming  a  nearly  rectangular  site. 
The  walls,  greatly  strengthened  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  and  still  partly  remaining,  were 
high  and  powerful,  and  from  the  description  given  of  one  of  the  gates  by  Leland,  who  wrote 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— TENBY.  863 

before  Elizabeth's  improvements,  they  must  have  been  fitted  for  stubborn  defence  even 
before  her  time.  He  says  of  the  "  west  gateway  "  that  it  was  "  the  seemliest,"  as  "circuled  on 
the  outside  with  an  etiibattiled  but  open  rofid  tour,"— which  exactly  corresponds  with  the 
Gateway  Tower  in  the  engraving  just  given.  An  inscription  commemorative  of  the 
Elizabethan  restoration  is  still  visible  in  the  wall,— "  A.D.  1588,  E.  R.  30." 

As  to  the  name  Tenby— a.  bone  of  contention  among  etymologists,— the  key  to  its 
explanation  is  the  old  Cymric  Dinbych  (probably  din,  a  fortified  hill,  and  bach,  small),  pre- 
cisely the  same  as  the  Dinbych  (Denbigh)  of  the  North,  and  meant  originally  to  mark  the 
smaller  rock  of  the  Castle  Hill  as  compared  with  the  larger  one  of  St.  Catherine,  which  then 
may  have  been  connected  with  the  mainland.  In  the  Annalcs  Cambria:,  A.D.  1154,  it  is 
called  Dynbcch  and  Tinebeth. 


TOWER — SOUTH  PARADE. 

Of  the  time  of  the  first  building  of  Tenby  Castle,  or  whether  it  was  the  work  of  Flemings 
or  Normans,  or  both,  nothing  is  certainly  known.  It  is  clear  that  it  existed  in  1152,  for  it 
was  taken  in  that  year  by  the  sons  of  Gruffydd  ap  Rhys,  when  one  of  them,  Cadell,  was 
severely  wounded  (Annal.  Cambr.,  sub  1154);  and  was  reduced  and  destroyed  by  Maelgwyn, 
son  of  the  Lord  Rhys,  in  1186.  Nothing  is  more  probable  than  that  such  a  rock  as  the 
Castle  Hill  had  been  occupied  as  a  place  of  strength  by  the  Britons  before  Norman  or 
Fleming,  or  even  Saxon  or  Dane,  had  afflicted  Dyfed  ;  but  beyond  some  mystic  shadowings 
in  a  Welsh  poem,  Mic  Dinbych,  in  the  Myvyr.  Arch,  of  Wales,  we  have  no  reference  to  it  in 
such  early  literature  of  the  country  as  has  come  down  to  our  time. 

During  the  Plantagenet  and  Tudor  periods  we  hear  not  much  of  Tenby  except  as  a  place 
of  trade ;  but  in  the  troubles  of  Charles  I.  and  his  Parliament  the  town  was  a  post  of  great 


S64 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


importance.  In  March,  1644,  "Col.  Rowland  Laugharne  proceeded  to  attack  Tenbigh,  where 
Commissary  Gwyn  was  governor,  and  made  a  resolute  defence,  but  after  three  days'  battery, 
a  great  part  of  the  town  being  beaten  down,  it  was  taken  by  storm."  In  1648,  when 
Cromwell  came  to  the  siege  of  Pembroke,  the  reduction  of  Tenby  was  entrusted  to  Col. 
Reade,  who  succeeded  in  taking  the  place  on  the  and  June.  The  resistance,  however,  had 
been  stubborn,  as  may  be  supposed  from  Cromwell's  letter  of  the  2ist  of  May  to  Parlia" 
ment: — "  The  reducement  of  Wales  is  more  difficult  than  expected,  the  town  and  castles 
of  Pembroke  and  Tenby  being  equal  to  any  in  England,  and  well  provided  of  all  things  " 
(Fcnton,  p.  370).  This  is  the  last  we  hear  of  Tenby  as  a  warlike  fortress.  It  then  became  as 
distinguished  as  "  Dinbych  y  Pysgod "  (Fish-Tenby)  as  it  is  in  our  day  as  "  Tenby  the 
Delightful." 

The  limestone  rock  of  these  parts  is  famous  for  its  caves,  as  those  of  Lydstep, — cool  and 
romantic  retreats  for  the  Tenby  summer  visitants — but  it  is  more  to  our  purpose  to  notice 
here  the  bone  caves  of  Caldy  Island,  wherein  some  years  ago  were  discovered  great  quantities 


NAKBF.RTH  CASTLE  (drawn  by  Birket  Foster). 


of  bones  of  animals  of  an  early  period,  denizens  too  of  a  climate  much  warmer  than  our 
present  climate,  such  as  the  Elephas  primigenius  (mammoth),  rhinoceros,  tiger  (Felis  tigris) 
the  hyena,  as  well  as  the  bear,  the  deer,  the  wolf,  the  fox,  pig,  sheep,  &c.,  from  which  two 
conclusions  are  legitimate  and  obvious, — first,  that  all  these  animals  were  in  past  time  natives 
of  Britain ;  and  secondly,  that  Caldy  Island,  during  the  lifetime  of  such  of  those  animals  as 
lived  only  on  dry  land,  was  not  an  island,  but  was  connected  with  the  mainland.  Little  or  no 
light,  however,  has  been  thrown  by  these  explorations  on  the  question  of  the  "  antiquity  of 


NARBERTH  CASTLE- LAWHADEN  CASTLE.  865 

man  "  in  these  parts.  The  remains  of  the  priory  on  Caldy  Island  are  a  memorial  of  Robert 
de  Tours,  who  in  the  time  of  Henry  I.  founded  the  establishment  as  a  cell  to  St. 
Dogmael's. 

At  Narberth  (W.,  Ar-bertk,  "above  the  wood,"  spelled  Arberth  in  the  Annales  Cambria 
as  early  as  A.D.  1116)  was  a  castle  of  great  antiquity,  planted  in  a  bold  and  picturesque 
situation,  and  commanding  an  attractive  though  limited  prospect.  It  is  related  that  on  the 
descent  of  Arnulph  de  Montgomery  upon  Pembrokeshire  in  1092,  he  gave  a  portion  of  the 
usurped  territory  around  this  spot  to  a  knight  in  his  train  of  the  name  of  Stephen  Perrott. 
This  man  is  not  said  to  have  built  a  castle  at  Arberth,  but  to  have  provided  for  himself  a 
temporary  place  of  strength  on  an  elevated  spot  between  Arberth  and  Templeton,  and  in  the 
midst  of  a  deep  forest.  Of  this  place  Fenton  says  that  in  his  time  some  slight  vestiges  stil 
appeared.  But  there  was  a  castle  at  Arberth  in  1219,  for  Llewelyn  the  Great  burned  it 
(Annul.  Cambr.).  Stephen  Perrott  was  fortunate  in  marrying  Eleanor,  daughter  and  heiress 
of  Meirchion  ap  Rhys,  of  lestynton  (now  Eastington,  and  popularly  called  Isseson),  in 
Castle-martin,  who  was  not  "  grandson,"  as  Fenton  says,  but  direct  descendant  in  the  sixth 
degree  of  lestyn,  Lord  of  lestynton,  grandson  of  Howel  Dda,  whereby  he  obtained  a  large 
accession  to  his  lands,  and  the  shortest  means  of  conciliating  the  natives,  having  married 
into  the  princely  line  of  Howel  the  Good.  His  son,  Sir  Andrew  Perrott,  was  the  builder  of 
Narberth  Castle  circa  1246.  He  married  in  that  year  Janet,  daughter  of  Ralph,  Lord 
Mortimer,  created  Earl  of  March.  The  castle  was  afterwards  the  possession  of  the  Mortimers, 
Earls  of  March,  and  from  them  passed  to  Richard,  Duke  of  York.  In  time  it  fell  to  the 
Crown,  and  was  in  the  eighth  of  Henry  VIII.  given  to  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  "in  recompense 
for  his  good  services  in  the  wars,  as  well  in  England  and  Wales  as  beyond  seas  done."  Not 
long  after  Sir  Rhys's  death  Leland  describes  it  as  "  a  praty  pile  of  old  Sir  Rhees's,"  and  adds, 
"there  is  a  poor  village,  and  by  it  a  littel  forest."  The  castle  was  inhabited  as  late  as  1657 
by  a  gentleman  of  the  name  of  Castell,  an  adherent,  it  is  believed,  of  the  Commonwealth 
for  the  castle  had,  as  usual  with  the  castles  of  Wales,  sided  with  the  king,  been  worsted  by 
battery,  and  got  into  the  hands  of  the  parliamentary  leaders.  Capt.  Castell  had  raised  the 
ire  of  the  men  of  Tenby,  who  petitioned  the  king  (Charles  II.)  to  the  effect  that  he  had 
"  during  the  time  of  usurpation "  set  up  a  market  at  the  "  village "  of  Narberth,  to  the 
detriment  of  the  "  loyal  town  of  Tenby."  Narberth  Castle  and  manor  became  the  property 
of  the  Barlows  of  Slebech,  and  continued  in  that  estate. 

Lawhaden  Castle. — This  name  has  assumed  various  shapes,  and  it  seems  difficult  to 
decide  which  is  the  best.  Llewhaden,  Lawhaden,  Llanhawaden,  Llanhuaden,  have  all  been 
tried,  with  the  result  that  modern  choice  has  settled  upon  Lawhaden — furthest  of  all  from  the 
true  etymology.  The  name  of  castle  and  village  of  course  followed  that  of  the  church  close 
by,  so  that  the  first  syllable,  Llan,  is  presumably  settled.  The  church  was  said  to  be  dedicated 
to  St.  Aeddan,  and  if  so,  Llan-Aeddan  is  the  genuine  and  original  form  of  the  name.  This 
would  easily  slip  into  Llan-aedan,  or  Llan-aden  ;  but  it  required  the  aid  of  dark  times  and 
ingenuity  of  strange  tongues  to  bring  it  into  Llan-huadain,  or  Lawhaden.  With  the  last 
form,  however,  we  must  for  the  present  rest  satisfied. 

Lawhaden  Castle,  although  a  bastioned  and  moated  place,  was  never  in  fact  a  military 
fortress,  and  was  not  destroyed  by  warlike  attack.  It  was,  on  the  contrary,  a  sumptuous 
episcopal  palace,  a  place  therefore  of  peace.  But  it  was  made  strong  by  reason  of  the  wealth 


866 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


it  contained  in  days  when  the  Bishop  of  St.  David's  was  a  territorial  baron,  living  in  great 
pomp  and  circumstance,  when  insurrection  and  conflict  were  frequent,  and  the  abodes  of 
the  Norman  chieftains  and  all  their  friends  and  supporters— which  the  Bishops  of  St.  David's 
generally  were— were  subject  to  attack  from  the  Welsh  princes  and  people.  The  barony  of 
Lawhaden  had  been  given  the  Bishops  of  St.  David's  from  an  early  time,  and  in  virtue  of  this 
possession  they  were  summoned  to  sit  in  parliament. 

The  castle  stands  on  an  elevation  overlooking  the  wooded  and  pretty  valley  of  the 
Cleddeu.  It  was  built  of  hewn,  closely  jointed  stone,  with  square-headed  mullioned  and 
labelled  windows  dressed  with  freestone,  and  was  entered  by  a  drawbridge  and  a  great  door- 
way surmounted  by  a  magnificent  semicircular  arch,  flanked  by  two  powerful  circular  towers. 
The  builder's  name  is  not  certainly  known,  but  Bishop  Thomas  Beck  (appointed  in  1280), 


I.AWHADEN  CASTI.E. 


who  founded  the  hospltium  whose  ruins  are  close  by,  is  thought  to  have  begun  it.  The  style 
of  architecture  of  the  front  elevation  betrays,  however,  a  later  date.  Bishop  Gower  (1328), 
though  a  great  builder,  is  not  mentioned  as  having  enlarged  it ;  but  Houghton  (1361),  who 
preferred  it  as  a  residence  even  to  the  magnificent  palace  at  St.  David's,  added  greatly  to 
its  buildings.  Bishop  John  Gilbert  (1389)  resided  and  died  here;  Bishop  Edward  Vaughan 
(1509),  a  man  of  sumptuous  taste,  built  the  beautiful  chapel  of  the  place.  It  appears  that 
with  Vaughan  ceased  the  addition  of  ornament  and  pride  at  Lawhaden  Palace.  In  1536 
came  Bishop  William  Barlow,  who,  in  the  plain  language  of  Richard  Fenton,  "  thought  of 
nothing  but  translation  to  a  better  see,  and  enriching  himself  per  fas  et  nefas,  while  he  con- 
tinued to  wear  the  mitre  of  St.  David,  stripped  the  castle  of  Llewhaden  and  palace  of 
St.  David's  of  their  leaden  roofs,  as  well  as  all  his  other  palaces  of  everything  that  could  be 
converted  into  immediate  profit,  to  furnish  him  by  the  dilapidations  he  himself  had  occa- 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— HAVERFORDWEST  CASTLE.  867 

sioned  with  a  plea  for  removing  the  see  to  Carmarthen."  Archbishop  Abbott  in  1616 
authorized  Bishop  Milbourne  to  demolish  Lawhaden  Castle,  and  also  "  the  hall,  chapel,  cellar, 
and  bakehouse  belonging  to  the  palace  of  St  David's ;  in  short,  to  perfect  what  Barlow  had 
begun."  But  this  entire  demolition  was  prevented  by  the  translation  of  Milbourne  to 
Carlisle,  and  thus  the  fine  walls  of  Lawhaden  Castle  haVe  been  left  to  cope  as  best  they  can 
with  time,  the  elements,  and  the  sacrilegious  road-maker  and  hovel-builder ;  trees  now  grow 
in  the  courtyard,  and  spring  from  the  rubbish-covered  floors  of  saloon  and  boudoir ;  the  fine 
park  which  surrounded  it  is  defaced  and  deforested,  and  the  red  deer  park  belonging  to  it  at 
Llwydiarth,  which  existed  as  late  as  the  time  of  Leland,  is  no  longer  known. 

Whiston  Castle  (W.,  Castell  Gwys)  was  the  residence  of  a  Norman  settler  of  the  name  of 
Wiz,  the  daughter  of  whose  grandson,  Sir  Philip  Gwys,  married  the  Welshman,  Gwgan  ap 
Bleddyn,  from  whom  emanated  the  family  of  Wogan  of  Wiston,  Picton,  &c.  Wiston  was  the 
head  place  of  the  Norman  barony  of  Dau-gleddeu — a  name  already  existing  in  that  of  the 
British  cantref  situated  between  the  two  rivers  Cleddeu.  Standing  in  the  open  country 
towards  the  mountains  it  was  exposed  to  frequent  attack  during  the  raids  of  the  Welsh 
princes  into  the  territories  of  the  Norman  settlers.  Cadell  and  his  brother,  sons  of  Gruffydd 
ap  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr,  assisted  by  Howel,  son  of  Owain  Gwynedd,  demolished  it  in  1146 — 
"Castellum  Wiz  destruxerunt"  (see  Annal.  Cambr.,  1148);  in  1193  Howel  Sais,  a  son  of 
"  the  Lord  Rhys,"  surprised  and  captured  Wiston,  whereupon  the  Flandrenses  and  Franks  of 
Pembroke  attacked  the  town  of  Llanwaden,  then  in  his  hands,  but  failed  in  the  attempt  and 
returned  in  disgrace — "  cum  opprobrio  "  (Annal.  Cambr.} ;  but  about  two  years  later  the 
"  Flandrenses  "  succeeded  in  recapturing  Wiston  Castle  (ib.,  1195);  in  1220  Llewelyn  the 
Great  of  North  Wales,  having  made  way  against  the  Normans  in  North  and  South,  and  given 
peace  to  the  Flemings  or  "  Flandrenses "  of  Dyfed,  on  their  swearing  allegiance  to  him, 
when  they  violated  the  oath,  razed  the  castle  of  Wiston  to  the  ground,  putting  the  garrison 
to  the  sword.  After  this  Wiston  Castle  became  an  unimportant  fortress,  and  gradually  fell 
into  decay.  Gwgan  about  this  time  married  the  heiress,  and  as  a  Welshman,  being  at  peace 
with  the  native  princes,  established  at  Wiston  a  family  of  great  respectability  and  long  con- 
tinuance in  Pembrokeshire.  (See  Wogan  of  Wiston,  Picton,  Bouhton!) 

Haverfordwest  Castle,  perched  on  a  rock  overlooking  the  western  Cleddeu  at  its 
junction  with  a  smaller  stream,  was  a  place  of  magnitude  and  great  strengh.  The  spot, 
already  a  settlement  of  the  Welsh,  was  seized  upon  by  the  Flemings  on  their  introduction 
into  the  county  (see  Flemings),  and  made  their  chief  post  to  defend  the  territory  assigned  them 
in  Rhos.  It  was  well  situated  for  the  purpose  right  between  that  tract  and  the  free  mountains 
whence  danger  was  to  be  apprehended,  and  also  on  the  tidal  river  Cleddeu.  The  building  of 
Haverfordwest  Castle  is  attributed  to  Gilbert  de  Clare,  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  father  of 
Richard  (Strongbow)  Earl  of  Pembroke,  conqueror  of  Ireland.  He  is  believed  to  have 
resided  alternately  here  and  at  the  castle  of  Pembroke.  The  date  of  the  erection  may  be 
placed  about  the  year  1112  or  1115.  Giraldus  Cambrensis  tells  us  that  in  n  88  he  and  Arch- 
bishop Baldwin  visited  "  Haverford  "  on  their  preaching  tour,  that  "  a  sermon  was  preached 
by  the  archbishop,"  and  "  the  word  of  God  preached  by  the  archdeacon,"  namely  himself, 
— a  distinction,  we  trust,  without  a  difference, — and  both  the  preternatural  sensibility  of  the 


868 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


Haverfordians  and  the  eloquence  of  the  archdeacon  are  by  implication  extolled  in  the  as- 
surance that,  "wonderful  and  miraculous  as  it  might  appear,  although  the  archdeacon  addressed 
them  both  in  the  Latin  and  French  tongues,  those  persons  who  understood  neither  of  those 
languages  were  equally  affected,  and  flocked  in  great  numbers  to  the  cross  "  (///«.,  xi.).  At 
the  castle  a  strange  circumstance  happened  in  those  days  :  "  A  famous  robber,  confined  in 
one  of  its  towers,  by  stratagem,  got  three  boys, — one  the  son  of  the  Earl  of  Clare,  another 
the  son  of  the  governor  of  the  castle,  into  his  hands  in  a  bolted  room,  and  threatening  them 
with  instant  destruction,  obtained  indemnity  and  liberty  on  condition  of  sparing  them." 

The  lordship  and  castle  of  Haverford  were  given  by  De  Clare  to  his  castellan,  Richard 
Fitz-Tancred,  whose  son  Robert  was  called  Richard  de  Hwlflordd,  a  designation  which  shows 


HAVERFORDWEST  CASTLE. 


that  "  Hwl-ffordd "  was  the  old  name  of  the  place  among  the  Welsh.  The  lordship  was 
next  vested  in  King  John,  who  bestowed  it  on  Walter  Marshall  (cina  1241),  from  whom  it 
descended  to  the  De  Breoses,  De  Bohuns,  &c.,  and  was  tossed  from  owner  to  owner  for 
many  years,  until,  like  Pembroke,  it  came  to  Jasper  Tudor,  then  to  Henry,  Duke  of  York, 
and  finally  to  the  Crown,  where  it  has  since  continued. 

Owen  Glyndwr  invested  this  castle,  but  had  to  retire  without  success.  During  the  civil 
wars  it  had  a  garrison  in  defence  of  King  Charles's  cause,  under  command  of  Sir  John 
Stepney;  but  they  were  half-hearted  in  the  work,  and  evacuated  the  place.  Cromwell 
having  reduced  Pembroke  was  not  inclined  to  allow  so  strong  a  castle  as  that  of  Haverford 
to  remain  a  danger  behind  him  after  his  return.  Nor  was  he  inclined  to  go  to  the  cost  of 
bringing  cannon  from  Pembroke  to  demolish  it.  The  following  letters  tinder  command  of 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— HA VERFORDWEST  CASTLE.  869 

the  general  to  the  Mayor,  &c.,  of  Haverfordwest,  and  that  functionary's  replies,  are 
historically  interesting  as  well  as  full  of  character  and  suggestiveness.  They  are  found  in 
the  Haverfordwest  Archives.  (See  also,  Carlyle's  Cromwell,  iii.,  404.) 

"  To  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  Haverfordwest. — We  being  authorized  by  Parliament  to  view  and  consider 
what  garrisons  and  places  of  strength  are  fit  to  be  demolished  ;  and  we  finding  that  the  Castle  of  Haverford  is 
not  tenable  for  the  services  of  the  State,  and  yet  that  it  may  be  possessed  by  ill-affected  persons,  to  the 
prejudice  of  the  peace  of  these  parts  :  These  are  to  authorize  you  to  summon  in  the  hundred  of  Roose  and 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Town  and  County  of  Haverfordwest ;  and  that  they  forthwith  demolish  the  several  walls 
and  towers  of  the  said  Castle,  so  as  that  the  said  Castle  may  not  be  possessed  by  the  enemy  to  the  endangering 
of  the  peace  of  these  parts.  Given  under  our  hands,  this  1 2th  of  July,  1648  [the  next  day  after  the  fall 
of  Pembroke]. 

"ROGER  LORT,  JOHN  LORT. 
"SAMSON  IX>RT,  THOMAS  BARLOWE." 

"We  expect  an  account  of  your  proceedings,  with  effect,  in  this  business,  by  Saturday,  being  the  I5th  of 
July  instant." 

[And  the  general  himself,  to  prevent  all  parley,  adds  : — ] 

"  If  a  speedy  course  be  not  taken  to  fulfil  the  commands  of  this  warrant,  I  shall  be  necessitated  to  consider 
of  settling  a  garrison. 

"OLIVER  CROMWELL." 

The  meekness  of  the  following  reply  is  remarkable,  considering  that  the  "  castle "  had 
hitherto  been  virtually  Haverfordwest : — 

"For  the  Hon.  Lieut.-Gen.  Cromwell  at  Pembroke. — Honoured  Sir,  we  received  an  order  from  your 
Honour  and  the  Committee  for  the  demolishing  of  the  Castle  of  Haverfordwest  ;  according  to  which  we  have 
this  day  set  some  workmen  about  it ;  but  we  find  the  work  so  difficult  to  be  brought  about  without  powder  to 
blow  it  up  by,  that  it  will  exhaust  an  '  huge  '  sum  of  money,  and  will  not  in  a  long  time  be  effected.  Where- 
fore we  become  suitors  of  your  Honour  that  there  may  a  competent  quantity  of  powder  be  spared  out  of  the 
ships,  for  the  speedy  effecting  the  work,  and  the  county  paying  for  the  same.  And  we  likewise  desire  that 
your  Honour  and  the  Committee  be  pleased  that  the  whole  county  may  join  with  us  in  the  work  ;  and  that  an 
order  may  be  considered  for  the  levying  of  a  competent  sum  of  money  on  the  several  hundreds  of  the  county, 
for  the  paying  for  the  powder  and  defraying  the  rest  of  the  charge.  Thus  being  over-bold  to  be  troublesome 
to  your  Honour — desiring  to  know  your  Honour's  resolves,  we  rest  your  Honour's  humble  servants, — 

/   JENKIN  HOWELL,  WILLIAM  WILLIAMS. 
"JOHN  PRYNNE,  Mayor.  <    WILLIAM  BOWER,  JOB  DAVIES. 

(    ROGER  BEVANS,  ETHELDRED  DAVIES." 

"  To  the  Mayor,  &*e. — Whereas  upon  view  and  consideration  with  Mr.  Roger  Lort,  Mr.  Samson  Lort, 
and  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  Haverfordwest,  it  is  thought  fit  for  the  preserving  of  the  peace  of  this  county 
that  the  Castle  of  Haverfordwest  should  be  speedily  demolished  :  These  are  to  authorize  you  to  call  unto 
your  assistance  in  the  performance  of  this  exercise  (?)  the  inhabitants  of  the  hundreds  of  Dungleddy,  Dewisland, 
Kemis,  Roose,  and  Kilgerran  ;  who  are  hereby  required  to  give  you  assistance.  Given  under  our  hands  this 
1 4th  of  July,  1648. 

"OLIVER  CROMWELL." 


So  fell  quickly,  by  the  aid  of  the  inhabitants  of  five  hundreds,  the  great  castle  of  Haver- 
fordwest. The  keep,  and  certain  other  parts,  however,  were  not  demolished,  and  have 
since  been  of  better  service  to  the  county  as  a  county  gaol. 

The  Priory  at  Haverfordwest,  near  the  river-side  below  the  town,  of  which  there  yet 
remain  considerable  ruins,  was  founded  and  liberally  endowed  by  Robert  de  Hwlffordd,  the 
second  lord  of  Haverford  Castle  after  the  De  Clares.  It  was  a  priory  of  Black  Canons, 
dedicated  to  St.  Mary  and  St.  Thomas  the  Martyr,  having  endowments  consisting  of 

3L 


870  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

advowsons  and  tithes  of  several  parishes  in  the  barony.  At  the  dissolution  of  "  religious 
houses"  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  its  annual  revenue  was  ^135  6s.  id.  (Speed),  and  was 
granted  to  Roger  and  Thomas  Barlow  of  Slebech.  The  appearance  of  the  site,  with  its 
mounds  of  ruins  scattered  over  a  wide  extent  of  ground,  gives  evidence  of  the  great 
dimensions  and  importance  of  the  place  when  in  its  prime.  The  church  was  a  spacious 
cruciform  structure,  160  feet  in  length  by  80  feet  at  the  transepts,  at  the  intersection  of  which 
there  arose  a  massive  tower  supported  by  elegant  pointed  arches.  It  had  an  existence  of 
about  350  years,  when  its  tower  bell  resounded  through  the  vale  its  matin  and  vesper  call, 
and  the  slow  monks  went  their  measured  rounds  of  devotion  and  meditation,  and  potation. 
It  has  had  330  years  of  rest,  silence,  and  decay ;  and  now  only  a  small  portion  of  its  walls 
remains  as  a  monument  and  a  lesson.  But  all  such  spots  are  full  of  poetry  and  materials  for 
the  imagination.  It  may  be  too  hard  to  say  in  the  review — 

"  O  Monachi,  vestri  Stomach! 

Sunt  amphora  Bacchi ; 
Vos  estis,  Deus  est  testis, 
Turpissima  pestis ; " 

but  it  is  true  and  charitable  to  say,  with  Thomson, — 

"  Full  oft  by  holy  feet  our  ground  was  trod  ; 
Of  clerks  good  plenty  here  you  mote  espy  ; " 

and,  taking  it  all  and  in  all,  the  old  church  for  its  old  time  was  not,  perhaps,  relatively  less 
serviceable  to  humanity  than  is  the  modern  church  to  the  present  time.  But  we  cast  off  old 
garments,  and  choose  the  new. 

On  a  crag  in  the  open  and  slightly  elevated  country  near  the  sea  between  Haverfordwest 
and  St.  David's — a  district  now  remarkable  for  nothing  except  the  poverty  of  its  soil  and  the 
depressed  and  backward  condition  of  its  semi-Flemish  population — stands  the  beautiful  and 
romantic  structure,  Roch  Castle,  so  called  from  the  rock  (Fr.,  roche)  on  which  it  is  planted. 
Beyond  doubt,  it  was  built  as  a  post  of  observation  by  the  Flemish  settlers.  It  sweeps  far 
and  wide  the  country  of  Pebydiog,  then  as  Cymric  and  hostile  as  it  could  be,  as  far  as  the 
eye  can  reach,  the  ridge  of  Plumstone,  and  the  bay  of  St.  Bride's  from  the  mouth  of  Milford 
Haven  to  St.  David's  Head.  Its  rocky  site  gave  name  to  its  earliest  possessor  known  to 
history,  Adam  de  Rupe  ("  Adam  of  the  Rock  "),  founder  also  of  Pill  Priory,  near  Milford. 
The  De  la  Roches  in  their  earliest  stages  were  of  the  first  rank  of  Norman  families,  and  of 
great  possessions  in  Pembrokeshire.  It  appears  probable  that  they  had  the  province  (now 
hundred)  of  Rhos  (Roose)  committed  to  their  care  by  Henry  II.,  when  it  had  been  peopled 
with  Flemings,  for  one  of  the  family  was  styled  "Comes  Littoris,"  which  office  was 
hereditary,  and  the  extent  of  its  jurisdiction  was  marked  by  the  two  castles  of  Roch  and 
Benton,  the  latter  being  on  the  haven,  near  Williamston,  and  nearly  opposite  Lawrenny. 
Roch  Castle  would  be  exactly  suited  for  the  residence  of  such  an  official,  being  in  a 
commanding  situation  at  the  upper  end  of  the  Flemish  province  of  Rhos,  as  Benton  Castle 
was  at  the  lower  end.  Fenton  seems  to  think,  from  an  "  inquisitio  post  mortem  "  made  after 
the  demise  of  Thomas  de  la  Roche,  and  mentioning  the  castle  as  being  then  deserted,  that 
it  was  never  since  his  time  inhabited ;  and  he  intimates  an  opinion  that  Thomas  de  la  Roche 
lived  in  the  time  of  the  Crusades.  But  we  find  from  the  pedigree  of  the  family  in  Dwnn 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— CILGERRAN  CASTLE.  8?l 

that  there  were  in  that  family  three  of  this  name,  the  first  and  last  living  five  generations 
apart — the  first  (probably  the  "  Crusader  ")  living  circa  1 250,  for  his  daughter  married  William 
de  Valence,  for  a  short  time  Earl  of  Pembroke  (d.  1296);  the  second  about  the  year  1420. 
This  man  died  without  issue  male,  and  probably  was  the  Thomas  meant  by  the  "  inquisitio." 
It  is  clear,  at  least,  whether  the  De  la  Roches  dwelt  at  Roch  Castle  or  not,  during  these 
generations,  that  they  continued  in  the  county,  and  their  intermarriages  with  the  Carews, 
Malifants,  Flemings,  &c.,  are  evidence  of  the  standing  they  maintained.  The  name  Roch 
still  lives  in  Pembrokeshire,  but  is  not  traceable  to  this  ancient  Norman  stock. 

Roch  Castle,  during  the  civil  wars,  was  put  in  a  state  of  defence  for  King  Charles  I., 
under  command  of  Capt.  Francis  Edwards,  of  Summerhill,  but  was  as  early  as  1644 
surrendered  after  a  sharp  siege  and  burning.  The  tradition,  therefore,  that  Cromwell 
attacked  it  (Cromwell  has  been  traditionally  present  wherever  a  castle  has  been  destroyed  !) 
is  at  fault,  because  Cromwell  only  came1  to  this  county  in  1648,  to  the  difficult  task  of 
reducing  Pembroke  Castle.  The  castle,  never  after  restored,  passed  through  various  hands, 
and  became  at  last  the  property  of  the  Stokes  family. 

Beyond  the  peaceful  region  of  Dewsland  {Pebydiog},  never  desecrated  by  a  Norman 
Conquest — although  St.  David's  was  "  piously  "  visited  by  the  great  Conqueror  himself,  and 
also  by  his  son  Rufus,  and  many  a  raid  was  made  upon  the  land  by  "  Franci "  and  "  black 
pagans," — lies  the  old  cantref  of  Ccmmaes,  where  the  Norman  pitched  his  tent  with  full  and 


CII.GERRAN  CASTLE  (from  a  photograph). 

effective  purpose,  built  his  castles,  and  took  full  possession  of  the  soil.  Here  the  castle  of 
Newport  and  the  barony  of  Cemmaes  are  the  abiding  memorials  of  his  presence,  and  of 
many  dark  and  sanguinary  deeds  which  that  presence  occasioned  ;  and  on  the  margin  of  the 
barony  the  castle  of  Cilgerran  serves  the  same  purpose. 

Cilgerran  Castle,  on  the  precipitous  bank  of  the  Teivi,  more  admirable  for  situation  than 
any  other  castle  in  Soutii  Wales,  not  even  excepting  Pembroke  or  Llanstephan  (see  engraving, 


872  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

p.  138)  was  begun,  as  reasonably  conjectured  by  Roger  de  Montgomery,  father  of  Arnulph, 
or  Arnold,  conqueror  of  Pembroke.  This  would  probably  be  about  the  year  1092,  after 
he  had  established  himself  at  Montgomery  (see  Montgomery  Castle) — but  of  definite  state- 
ment on  this  subject  the  chronicles  supply  little  or  nothing.  The  position,  on  a  lofty  rock 
at  the  junction  of  a  smaller  stream  with  the  Teivi,  here  dividing  the  Lord  Marcher  territory 
of  Cemmaes  from  the  unappropriated  country,  and  commanding  an  extensive  prospect  on 
both  sides  the  river,  would  commend  itself  to  the  warlike  and  ever-warring  Britons  from 
early  times,  and  such  castle-builders  as  the  Normans  would  not  be  slow  to  see  its  value. 
Roger  de  Montgomery's  raid  into  Ceredigion  and  Dyfed,  however,  would  not  detain  him 
long,  his  territories  in  Montgomery  and  Salop  were  a  sufficient  care  to  him  ;  and  leaving  some 
of  his  knights  to  try  their  fortune  in  Cardiganshire,  he  would  be  glad  to  leave  a  post  like 
Cilgerran — from  his  point  of  view  standing  inconveniently  beyond  the  Teivi,  and  exposed 
to  constant  attack  from  Dyfed.  This  was  an  exciting  time  in  Dyfed,  Ceredigion,  Brecknock, 
and  Glamorgan,  as  well  as  in  North  Wales.  The  Norman  freebooting  knights  were  every- 
where busy  on  the  borders,  carving  for  themselves  lordships  out  of  the  best  spots  in  the 
lands  of  the  Welsh,  and  building  their  castles  to  protect  their  ill-gotten  gains.  Already  in 
Brecknock,  Glamorgan,  Cydweli,  and  Pembroke,  in  Montgomery,  Chester,  Shrewsbury,  and 
Hereford,  they  were  safely  ensconced  in  their  frowning  fortresses,  and  treading  on  the  neck 
of  vassal  natives. 

The  princes  of  the  various  provinces  of  Wales,  not  yet  quite  dislodged,  but  sitting  on 
crumbling  thrones  of  dominions  more  and  more  curtailed,  sought  each  the  increase  of  his 
own  power  by  the  destruction  of  that  of  the  other ;  not  unfrequently  the  diadem  of  the  father 
was  snatched  from  his  brow  by  an  ungrateful  son,  and  that  of  brother  by  brother ;  or  failing 
this,  they  plotted  against  the  liberties  and  independence  of  their  own  country  by  basely  aiding 
the  common  enemy.  Henry  I.  was  determined  to  perfect  the  work  of  Rufus  by  crushing  the 
Welsh.  It  was  only  some  three  years  before  Roger  de  Montgomery's  raid  that  the  brave 
Rhys  ap  Tewdwr  had  won  the  bloody  battle  of  Llechryd  against  the  sons  of  Bleddyn  ap 
Cynfyn  (see  pp.  145-6);  but  in  1092  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr  succumbed  to  the  Norman  Newmarch, 
and  before  his  mighty  son,  GrufFydd  ap  Rhys,  had  fully  attained  his  manhood,  South  Wales 
south  of  the  Teivi  was  at  the  mercy  of  the  foreigner.  In  Ceredigion,  the  other  side  of  that 
river,  the  proceedings  of  Cadwgan  ap  Bleddyn,  lord  of  the  territory,  and  his  son  Owain  (see 
p.  146),  raised  the  ire  of  "the  King  of  London  "  (Henry  I.)  to  the  highest  pitch,  and  now  it 
was  that  the  time  for  the  building  of  Cilgerran  Castle,  begun  by  Roger  de  Montgomery, 
came  about. 

Henry  having  proscribed  Cadwgan,  and  having  no  liking  for  a  Welsh  campaign  himself, 
gave  the  lands  of  Cadwgan  to  Gilbert  de  Clare,  at  the  time  Earl  of  Striguil,  in  Gwent,  in 
case  he  could  conquer  them.  Gilbert  succeeded  in  the  enterprise,  and  built  a  castle  at 
Aberystwyth  on  the  northern,  and  another  at  Cilgerran  (or  as  called  in  the  Brut,  Din-geraint 
— the  strong  hill  of  Geraint)  on  the  southern  limit  of  the  territory,  the  spot  "  whereon  Roger 
the  Earl  had  aforetime  founded  a  castle"  (Brut  y  Tywysog.}.  In  the  year  1161  or  1162 
King  Henry  in  person  invades  these  parts,  but  at  Pencader  (Annal.  Cambr.,  1164) 
makes  peace  with  the  disturber,  "  the  Lord  Rhys,"  who  had  destroyed  many  castles.  Two 
years  later,  however,  he  gathers  a  great  army  for  a  second  invasion,  "  comes  as  far  as 
Oswestry,"  vowing  "  the  expulsion  and  destruction  of  all  the  Britons  "  (Brut y  Tywysog.\  and 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— CILGERRAN  CASTLE.  873 

all  North  and  South  Wales  arise  in  stern  defiance.  Owain  Gwynedd,  and  Cadwaladr,  his 
intrepid  brother,  are  in  the  field,  followed  by  all  the  hosts  of  Gwynedd ;  "  the  Lord  Rhys,' 
and  all  the  South  with  him ;  Owain  Cyfeiliog  and  lorwerth  Goch  ap  Meredydd,  and  the  sons 
of  Madoc  ap  Meredydd,  and  all  Powys  with  them ;  they  mustered  at  Corwen ;  Henry 
advanced  on  the  Ceiriog,  near  to  Chirk,  where  he  had  a  most  narrow  escape  of  his  life;  and 
what  with  terrific  storms  and  floods,  constant  harassment,  difficulty  of  obtaining  provisions 
and  the  troubles  from  A'Becket's  proceedings  at  Canterbury,  Henry  felt  that  he  had  more 
than  enough  to  do,  relinquished  the  campaign,  and  sullenly  returned  "  without  honour  to 
London"  (Brut y  Tywysog.').  In  that  same  year,  according  to  the  same  authority,  did  the 
Lord  Rhys  bring  down  wholesale  destruction  upon  the  castles  of  the  Normans,  amongst 
others  the  castle  of  Aberteivi  (Cardigan),  which  he  entered  and  burnt,  and  the  castle  of 
Cilgerran,  where  he  took  Robert  Fitz-Stephen  prisoner  (z'to/.,and  Annal.  Camlr.,  ann.  1166). 
The  Lord  Rhys  held  it  for  many  years,  and  here  and  at  Cardigan  Castle,  where  in  1188  he 
entertained  Archbishop  Baldwin  and  Giraldus  with  great  magnificence  (see  p.  148),  he 
maintained,  although  deprived  of  the  title  of  "  prince,"  a  state  and  splendour  equal  to  those 
of  a  king.  His  death,  however,  which  took  place  in  1196,  again  drew  a  veil  of  stormy  clouds 
over  the  prospects  of  Dyfed  and  Cardigan,  and  we  find  the  castle  of  Cilgerran  possessed 
alternately  by  the  contending  native  princes,  and  sometimes  by  the  foreign  usurper- 
Gruffydd,  son  of  the  Lord  Rhys,  inherited  it  after  his  father,  but  we  are  told,  on  the  generally 
safe  authority  of  the  Annales  Cambria  (ann.  1201),  that  his  brother,  Maelgwyn,  who  had 
been  disinherited,  snatched  it  from  him,  and  he  again  in  turn  was  deprived  of  it  by  William 
Marshal,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  who  allowed  the  garrison  to  depart,  but  "  without  their  arms." 
In  1214  Prince  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth,  of  North  Wales,  assisted  by  several  other  princes 
made  a  desolating  raid  into  the  south,  overwhelming  the  Normans  in  their  castles,  and  taking 
possession  of  many  chief  strongholds  not  then  in  their  hands.  Cardigan  and  Cilgerran 
Castles  fell  before  them,  as  did  also  those  of  Cydweli,  Llanstephan,  and  Carmarthen  ;  but  the 
two  former  they  did  not  destroy  (Annal.  Cambr.). 

Llewelyn  for  a  time  enjoyed  an  apparent  triumph  over  the  Plantagenets,  and  all  their 
Lords  of  the  Marches  and  Lieutenants  in  Wales  (see  p.  149).  In  1216  he  redistributed  the 
princedoms  or  lordships  of  South  Wales,  and  gave  to  Malgwyn,  the  turbulent  and  dis- 
inherited son  of  the  Lord  Rhys,  Cilgerran  Castle.  William  Marshal,  the  second  Earl  of 
Pembroke  of  that  name,  however,  recovered  possession  in  1222  of  this  and  the  other  castles 
which  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth  had  conquered ;  and  so  great  was  the  value  he  set  upon  this 
position  that  he  immediately  set  to  work  to  built  a  new  castle  at  Cilgerran,  on  the  same  site, 
and  probably  incorporating  parts  of  the  old,  and  this  is  the  castle  whose  remains  now 
crown  the  rock. 

From  this  time  forth  the  castle  of  Cilgerran  for  ages  remained  in  possession  of  the  Earls 
of  Pembroke  for  the  time  being.  In  1258  a  great  army  of  Welsh  under  command  of  David 
ap  Gruffydd,  Meredydd  ap  Owain,  and  Rhys  Fychan  encamped  near  Cilgerran  Castle,  and 
fought  a  sanguinary  battle  with  a  host  of  English,  Normans,  and  Welsh,  under  Rhys  Gryg 
and  Seneschal  Patrick,  when  at  length  the  Welsh,  "  Dei  auxilio,"  got  the  better  of  the  day, 
the  English  took  to  flight,  leaving  the  dead  and  their  caparisoned  cavalry  horses  behind 
them,  and  with  difficulty  escaped  into  Cilgerran  Castle  (Annal.  Cambr.).  Lord  (dominus) 
Patric  Walter  Malifant,  the  bold  soldier  of  Pembroke,  and  several  other  distinguished 


874  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

knights  recently  come  from  England,  were  among  the  slain.  There  was  no  attempt  to  capture 
the  castle  on  this  occasion ;  indeed,  so  great  was  the  strength  of  the  fortress  after  its  renewal 
by  Marshal,  and  so  reduced  were  the  resources  of  the  Welsh,  that  we  hear  of  no  further  siege 
or  investment  of  the  place  until  the  Parliament  in  the  time  of  the  civil  war  attacked  and 
dismantled  it.  Several  minute  details  concerning  its  subsequent  transference  from  earl  to 
earl,  its  lapses  to  the  Crown,  its  bestowment  on  Jasper  Tudor,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  &c.,  are 
found  in  Fenton's  Pembrokeshire,  and  in  Phillips's  Hist,  of  Cilgtrran,  pp.  88 — 92, 
Henry  VII.  gave  the  Constableship  of  Cilgerran  Castle  to  William  Vaughan,  of  the 
Corsygedol  stock  (see  Vaughan  of  Corsygedol),  whose  grandson,  Rhys  Vaughan,  says  Fenton, 
"  styled  of  Cilgerran,  laid  the  foundation  of  a  respectable  house  in  the  vicinity,  Glanddyvan, 
and  married  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Phaer,  Doctor  of  Physic"  (p.  505.)  The  present  owner 
is  Sir  Pryse  Pryse,  Bart.,  of  Gogerddan. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  Cilgerran  Castle  was  properly  and  strictly  a  military  post  and 
fortress,  and  was  in  no  sense  the  castle  of  a  Lord  Marcher  or  centre  of  territorial  ownership. 
It  conferred  no  baronial  title,  was  not  held  on  conditions  of  knightly  service,  nor  had 
attached  to  it  any  court  or  jurisdiction.  Had  it  been  otherwise  the  already  ennobled  family 
of  Gogerddan  might  one  day  wear  the  added  dignity  of  Barons  of  Cilgerran. 

A  full  description  of  this  mighty  ruin  and  its  superb  environment  of  river,  rock,  and 
woodland  would  require  too  much  space,  but  a  reference  to  the  view  of  the  castle  given 
on  p.  138,  will  fully  justify  the  language  of  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  Bart.,  who  has  said,  "  I 
have  never  seen  ruins  more  happily  combined  with  rocks,  woods,  and  water,  a  more  pleasing 
composition,  or  a  more  captivating  landscape  ;  .  .  .  a  more  striking  assemblage  of 
natural  and  artificial  beauties  can  nowhere  be  met  with." 

"  Time  was — and  when  the  eve  breeze  whistled  by, 

The  flap  of  red-cross  banner  ye  might  hear, 
And  sound  of  harp  and  voice,  sweet  minstrelsy  ! 

Like  fountain  murmur  stole  upon  the  ear. 
What  floateth  now  beneath  the  clear  blue  sky  ? 

What  music  greets  the  lonely  wanderer  ? 
The  rank  grass  waving  from  yon  hoary  wall, 
The  sigh  of  night-winds  through  deserted  hall !  " — Blackioell. 

Newport  Castle,  though  now  a  more  obscure  remain,  commemorates  a  far  more  perfect 
development  of  the  feudal  system  than  Cilgerran,  or  even  Cardigan  and  Aberystwyth  Castles. 
Sir  Thomas  Lloyd  of  Bronwydd,  lineal  heir  of  the  Barony  of  Cemmaes,  represents  a  baronial 
itle  of  higher  dignity  in  some  respects  than  even  the  Palatinate  Countship  of  Pembroke. 

The  conquest  of  Cemmaes  was  effected  about  1094  by  Martin  de  Tours,  a  knight  who  by 
his  name  is  marked  as  having  originally  come  from  Tours  in  France.  He  had  settled  at 
first  in  Devonshire,  and  came  thence  to  the  conquest  of  this  district  (see  Baronia  de  Kemeys, 
p.  8).  Newport  before  that  time  was  called  only  by  the  name  which  still  clings  to  it  in  the 
Welsh — Trefdraeth,  and  received  the  new  name  of  Novo-Burgus,  since  modified  into 
Newport,  from  the  new  possessor  (ib.,  p.  10).  Martin  de  Tours,  on  the  conquest  being 
effected,  was  invested  with  the  usual  attributes  of  a  Lord  Marcher;  he  and  his  successors  were 
summoned  to  the  sovereign's  council  as  barons,  holding  in  capite  from  the  English  or 
Plantagenet  king  ;  the  territory  was  constituted  a  lordship  marcher,  having  jura  regalia  and 


HISTORY  AND  ANTIQUITIES— BARONY  OF  CEMMAES.  875 

courts  of  its  own,  where  all  matters  affecting  life  and  property  -were  tried  ;  and  the  barons  of 
Cemmaes  continued  to  be  "lordes  of  the  Parliamente  of  England  "  up  to  the  time  when  the 
lordship  came  by  descent  to  the  Audeleys,  "  whoe  of  themselves  before  were  lordes  of  the 
Parliamente,  and  soe  the  place  of  Kernes  was  drowned  in  that  respecte.  But  whiles  it 
contynued  in  the  names  of  the  Martins,  the  first  lordes  thereof,  and  untill  it  came  to  the 
Lorde  Audeley  they  were  lordes  of  Parliamente  by  the  name  of  Lordes  of  Cemeis  "  (Baronia 
de  Kemeys,  p.  24).  The  third  Lord  of  Cemmaes,  Sir  William  Martin,  married  Angharad, 
daughter  of  the  Lord  Rhys,  and  thus  the  family  became  identified  with  the  people  of  the 
country.  Sir  Thomas  D.  Lloyd  Bart.,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  Martins,  first  Lords  of 
Cemmaes,  and  as  such  himself  lord  of  the  lordship,  is  quite  entitled  to  claim  the  name 
and  rank  of  Baron  of  Cemmaes — the  last  Lord  Marcher  title  now  subsisting  (see  Lloyd  of 
Bronwydd). 

The  lordship  marcher  of  Cemmaes,  as  described  by  the  antiquary,  George  Owen 
of  Henllys,  himself  its  inheritor,  extended  along  the  sea-coast  from  the  mouth  of  the  Teivi 
to  Fishguard,  and  thence  southward  by  a  line  nearly  direct  to  St.  Dogwell's,  where  it  took 
an  eastern  direction,  passing  Castle  Henry,  Maenclochog,  Monachlog-ddu,  to  Llanfyrnach, 
its  extreme  eastern  point,  and  thence  northward,  west  of  Frenni  Fawr,  to  the  Teivi,  below 
Cilgerran  Castle. 

The  following  charter,  granted  to  the  town  of  Newport  by  Nicholas  Martin,  fifth  Lord 
of  Cemmaes,  and  last  of  that  name,  is  interesting  as  showing  the  condition  of  the  people 
and  the  species  of  power  exercised  by  a  Lord  Marcher  in  the  time  of  King  John.  The  date 
of  the  charter  is  1215.  The  language  is  the  dog-Latin  of  the  period. 

CHARTER  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  NEWPORT,  A.D.  1215. 

"  LET  THOSE,  present  and  to  come,  know  that  I,  Nicholas,  son  of  William  son  of  Martin,  Lord  of  Kernes, 
have  given  and  granted,  and  by  this  my  Charter  have  confirmed  to  my  Burgessess  of  Newburgh  all  the  Liberties 
and  Customs  underwritten,  which  William  son  of  Martin,  my  Father,  to  the  same  did  grant  and  give,  that  is  to 
say — That  they  shall  have  Common  of  Pasture  in  my  Land  and  Common,  in  the  Water  from  the  Fosse  which 
encloses  the  Town  Eastwards  to  the  Sea,  and  Easement  of  Wood  for  their  Houses  and  Buildings,  and  for  Firing, 
by  view  of  the  Forester.  Likewise,  if  a  Burgess  dies  of  what  death  soever,  unless  by  Judgment  for  Felony  he 
should  lose  his  life,  I  will  have  nothing  of  his  Chattels,  but  his  Relief,  to  wit,  Twelve  Pence.  Likewise  if  a 
Burgess  delivers  up  any  of  his  Cattle  (in  charge)  to  any  one,  and  the  same  is  judged  guilty  of  Felony  or 
Robbery,  or  shall  lose  his  Cattle,  the  Burgess,  by  good  and  lawful  men  may  prove  his  Cattle,  and  have  them. 
Likewise,  if  a  Burgess  hath  hired  Land  of  any  Free  Man,  and  that  Free  Man  infringe  the  compact,  I  ought  to 
cause  him  to  hold  to  the  Agreement ;  in  the  same  manner  I  ought  to  compel  the  debtors  of  Burgesses  of  whom 
they  hold  bail  and  witnesses,  and  make  them  render  their  Debts.  Likewise,  a  Burgess  accused  of  any 
Forfeiture  may  be  repledged  by  his  Neighbours.  Likewise,  they  ought  to  have  a  Bailiff  and  a  Common 
Council  for  me  and  them.  Likewise,  no  Foreign  Merchant  may  buy  or  sell  outside  (extra)  of  my  Borough 
of  Newburgh.  Likewise,  a  Burgess  accused  of  Felony,  or  Robbery,  if  he  calls  on  me,  I  am  to  defend 
him,  and  take  upon  me  to  enable  him  to  make  a  good  defence.  Likewise,  the  Burgesses  shall  not  be 
bound  to  go  in  the  Army,  except  as  the  Burgesses  of  Pembroke  do.  Likewise,  with  the  aforesaid  Liberties, 
I  have  granted  to  them  all  the  Liberties  and  good  Customs  of  Pembroke,  all  which  said  Liberties  I  have 
granted  and  confirmed  to  them  and  their  Heirs  to  be  holden  and  had  of  me,  and  of  my  Heirs,  freely 
and  entirely  and  peaceably  ;  and  that  this  my  Donation  and  Grant  and  Confirmation  may  be  firm  and  steadfast 
for  ever,  to  this  Charter  and  Confirmation  I  have  put  my  Seal.  These  being  Witnesses — John  de  Arundel  ; 
Jordan  de  Cantiton  ;  Robert  ap  Owen  ;  William  ap  Gwrwared,  then  Constable  ;  David  ap  Owen  ;  Henry 
Goit ;  William  .  .  .  ;  Howel  ab  Evan  Meredith,  Clerk ;  and  many  others." — {Baronia  de  Kemeys,  p.  50.) 

Newport  Castle,  said  to  have  been  founded  by  Martin  de  Tours,  the  conqueror  of 
Cemmaes,  is  believed  to  have  been  completely  built  by  his  great-grandson,  Sir  William 


876  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

Martin,  son  of  the  Sir  William  who  married  the  daughter  of  the  Lord  Rhys,  and  in  the  time 
of  King  John.  We  are  shut  in  to  this  later  date  by  the  language  of  Giraldus,  who  passed 
here  in  1188,  and  informs  us  that  at  that  time  the  principal  castle  of  Cemmaes  was  that  of 
Lan-Never  (Nevern),  which  clearly  implies  that  Newport  Castle  was  not  then  built.  The 
site  is  a  knoll  above  the  town,  commanding  seaward  a  wide  marine  prospect,  and  landward 
the  magnificent  mountainous  scenery  of  Carn  Ingli  and  Precelly.  The  building,  when 
in  its  prime,  must  have  been  an  imposing  and  powerful  fortress-palace,  of  great  extent  and 
ornamentation.  The  grand  entrance  from  the  north  was,  as  usual  with  Norman  castles, 
between  two  massive  circular  towers.  There  was  an  inner  gate  with  portcullis.  The  ground 
plan  of  the  castle  was  nearly  circular,  fifty  paces  in  diameter,  and  included  at  least  four 
principal  towers,  in  which  were  built  the  great  residential  apartments.  The  whole  was 
surrounded  with  a  deep  moat,  in  communication  with  an  abundant  supply  of  water — the 
"  fossato  qui  claudit  villam  "  mentioned  in  the  Charter — notwithstanding  the  elevated  situation. 
We  have  no  details  within  reach  of  the  vicissitudes  through  which  the  castle  of  Newport 
passed,  nor  the  manner  and  occasion  of  its  destruction.  The  Lords  of  Cemmaes  were 
generally,  since  the  alliance  with  the  princely  house  of  Dinefawr,  on  good  terms  with  the 
natives,  and  we  have  no  account  of  their  coming  into  collision  with  the  English  king.  In 
the  fifteenth  century,  after  the  excitement  of  Owen  Glyndwr's  insurrection  had  passed,  the 
Lords  of  Cemmaes  made  Henllys  their  principal  manorial  residence,  and  allowed  Newport 
Castle  to  fall  into  decay ;  but  even  long  before  this  time — as  early  as  the  time  of  the  great- 
grandson, of  Nicholas  Fitz-Martin,  "  Philip  Fychan  of  Henllys,"  circa  1300 — they  were  named 
after  that  place. 

Nevern  Castle,  situated  on  the  hill  above  the  village  and  church  of  Nevern,  formerly 
called  Llan-nyfer,  or,  as  in  Giraldus,  Llanhever,  was  of  earlier  origin  than  that  of  Newport. 
We  learn  in  the  Annales  Cambria  that  in  1191  "  Rhys,  son  of  Gruffydd,"  that  is,  "the  Lord 
Rhys,"  having  expelled  the  French  from  the  castle  of  Newer  (Nevern),  took  possession  of  it; 
and  the  same  authority  states,  under  the  year  1195,  that  Howel  Sais  (one  of  the  sons  of  the 
Lord  Rhys)  demolished  the  castle  and  kept  the  lands  in  his  own  hands.  The  former 
transaction,  or  a  similar  transaction,  may  have  taken  place  a  few  years  earlier  than  stated  by 
the  Annales,  for  Giraldus  in  1188  uses  these  terms: — "I  shall  not  pass  over  in  silence  the 
circumstance  which  occurred  in  the  principal  castle  of  Cemmeis  at  Llanhever  in  our  days. 
Rhys,  son  of  Gruffydd,  by  the  instigation  of  his  son  Gruffydd,  a  cunning  and  artful  man,  took 
away  by  force  from  William,  son  of  Martin  (de  Tours),  his  son-in-law  [a  mistake :  William 
was  grandson  of  Martin],  the  castle  of  Llanhever,  notwithstanding  he  had  solemnly  sworn 
by  the  most  precious  relics  that  his  indemnity  and  security  should  be  faithfully  maintained  " 
(Itin.,  ii.).  This  castle  was  at  that  time,  therefore,  the  residence  of  the  Lords  of  Cemmaes, 
for  William  was  the  then  lord,  and  it  follows  that  Newport  Castle  was  not  yet  built.  The 
castle  of  Nevern  was  probably  never  thoroughly  rebuilt  after  its  destruction  by  Howel  Sais 
in  1195. 

Henllys,  we  have  said  above,  had  become  the  chief  manor-house  of  the  Lords  of  Cemmaes 
since  about  the  year  1300.  This  was  brought  to  pass  by  the  marriage  of  the  heir  of  the 
barony,  Philip  ap  Richard,  of  Cemmaes,  with  Nest,  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Llewelyn  ap 
Rhydderch,  of  Henllys,  from  which  time  Henllys  became  the  seat  of  the  united  family.  In 


NATIONALITY  AND  LANGUAGE  IN  PEMBROKESHIRE.  877 

the  days  of  Fenton  the  old  mansion  had  already  gone  to  ruin,  and  now  not  a  trace  ot 
it  remains.     But  in  digging,  the  old  foundations  are  sometimes  come  upon. 

Sf.  Dogmael's  Priory,  near  Cardigan,  an  important  institution  between  the  thirteenth  and 
fifteenth  centuries,  dedicated  to  St.  Tegwel,  or  Dogfael,  was  indebted  for  its  establishment  to 
the  Norman  Lords  of  Cemmaes,  although  its  first  beginning  was  in  British  times,  and  at  a 
place  called  Caerau,  about  a  mile  distant.  No  sooner  had  Martin  de  Tours  completed  his 
conquest  than  he  devoted  a  portion  of  the  wealth  he  had  acquired  to  the  founding  of  a  new 
monastery,  in  place  of  the  more  humble  one  hitherto  supported  by  the  family  of  Gwynfardd 
Dyfed.  He  was  followed  in  the  work  by  his  son  Robert  Fitz-Martin,  who  completed  it. 
Martin  de  Tours  and  Robert  are  said  to  have  been  both  buried  in  the  choir  of  the  abbey. 
Here  it  was  that  Archbishop  Baldwin  and  Giraldus  Cambrensis  slept  a  night  on  their  way 
from  St.  David's  to  Aberteivi,  where  they  were  to  meet,  and  be  entertained  by  the  Lord  Rhys 
(see  p.  158).  The  abbey,  on  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries  by  Henry,  was  given  or 
sold  to  John  Bradshaw,  whose  descendants  for  several  generations  resided  there  (see  Sheriffs 
of  Pembroke,  1571).  The  remains  of  this  monastery  and  abbey,  once  so  notable  and 
extensive,  are  very  insignificant. 


SECTION  IV.— NATIONALITY  AND  LANGUAGE  IN  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

About  one-half  of  Pembrokeshire  is  occupied  by  a  people  of  a  mixed  nationality,  speak- 
ing a  modified  English,  and  usually  considered  to  be  of  Flemish  origin.  Hence  the  name 
Anglia  Transwalliana,  which  Camden  somewhat  aptly  applied  to  the  district,  and  which 
has  since  become  current  as  "  Little  England  beyond  Wales."  The  account  usually  given  of 
the  Flemish  immigration,  and,  as  a  supposed  consequence,  of  the  type  of  language  found  in 
Roose  and  Castle-martin,  although  scarcely  sufficient  to  explain  all  the  features  of  the  case, 
may  be  taken  as  correct  as  far  as  it  goes.  In  the  reigns  of  Henry  I.  and  his  brother  William 
Rufus,  we  are  told,  great  numbers  of  Flemings  were  encouraged  or  allowed  to  settle  in  the 
north  of  England,  and  the  reason  given  for  such  encouragement  is  the  fact  that  Matilda,  or 
Maud,  wife  of  the  conqueror  and  mother  of  Rufus  and  Henry,  was  daughter  of  Baldwin, 
Earl  of  Flanders,  and  that  the  immigrants  had  been  driven  in  a  state  of  destitution  from 
their  former  homes  by  a  great  inundation  of  the  sea.  Having  multiplied  and  become 
troublesome  in  the  north,  and  the  Norman  settlers  in  Pembrokeshire  at  the  same  time 
being  much  molested  by  the  Welsh,  whom  they  had  dispossessed  of  their  lands,  Henry  hit 
upon  the  expedient  both  of  relieving  the  northern  districts  of  a  nuisance,  and  protecting  his 
kinsmen,  the  Normans  in  Wales,  by  transferring  the  Flemings  bodily  into  Pembrokeshire, 
giving  them  a  portion  of  the  lands  taken  from  the  Welsh  for  their  support,  and  the  duty 
of  "repressing  the  brutal  temerity  of  the  Welsh"  as  a  pastime  (Will.  Malmesb.  Chron.t 
ann.  1106). 

But  it  is  to  be  noted  that  before  the  first  arrival  of  these  particular  Flemings  in  England,  a 
considerable  number  of  their  countrymen  had  already  come  over  in  the  miscellaneous  multitude 
of  the  conqueror's  army.  William  had  sent  his  enticing  proclamation  to  Flanders,  as  well  as 
other  neighbouring  states,  inviting  all  who  wished  for  conquest  and  booty  in  England  to 
rank  themselves  under  his  standards.  And  Malmesbury  tells  us  that  in  Rufus's  time  such 


878  PEMBROKESHIRE.  f 

numbers  of  these  people  had  come  over  that  they  appeared  burdensome  to  the  kingdom. 
The  Flemings  first  settled  in  Rhos,  according  to  the  Annales  Cambria,  our  most  reliable 
chronicle,  in  the  year  1107;  and  according  to  Brut  y  Tywysogion  (agreeing  with  Malmes- 
bury),  a  year  or  two  earlier.  We  have  also  intimation  in  the  Welsh  Brut  of  another  settle- 
ment in  the  same  parts  in  the  year  1113;  but  this  was  probably  only  one  of  the  many 
accessions  which  at  different  times  before  and  after  were  made  to  the  general  body. 

The  notices  given  are  so  meagre  and  general  that  we  can  form  no  clear  conception  of 
the  composition  and  organization  of  these  new  settlers.  No  hint  is  given  as  to  their  leaders, 
if  they  had  any,  of  the  mode  of  their  transit,  of  the  specific  spots  where  they  found  shelter, 
or  of  the  conflicts  with  the  natives,  whereby,  with  the  aid  of  the  Anglo-Normans,  they  must 
by  degrees  have  fought  for  themselves  a  home.  They  were  probably  a  horde  of  humble 
industrious  people,  having  no  persons  of  exceptional  influence  to  act  as  guides  or  leaders, 
obeying  the  command  of  the  king,  as  feudal  discipline  and  necessity  had  taught  them  to  do, 
and  placed  in  their  new  homes  under  the  military  supervision  and  direction  of  Norman 
officials.  As  part  of  this  arrangement  the  castle  of  Roch  at  one  end  of  their  territory,  and 
of  Benton  at  the  other  (see  Roch  Castle)  would  be  well  placed,  and  here  we  are  told  was 
stationed  Adam  de  Rupe,  in  whose  family  was  vested  the  hereditary  office  of  comes  littoris, 
"  count  of  the  shore,"  whose  functions  pertained  to  the  government  of  the  district  lying  on 
the  sea  from  Newgale  to  Milford  Haven.  Haverford-west  was  the  main  centre  for  trade 
and  defence  of  the  Flemish  territory.  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  who  flourished  within  fifty 
years  of  their  settlement,  and  must  have  been  well  acquainted  with  their  character  and 
condition,  describes  them  as  "  a  people  brave  and  robust ;  ever  most  hostile  to  the  Welsh  ; 
well  versed  in  commerce  and  woollen  manufacture;  anxious  to  seek  gain  by  sea  or  land;  a 
hardy  race,  equally  well  fitted  for  the  plough  or  the  sword."  All  this  is  likely  enough  to  be 
true,  but  they  seem  to  have  lost  some  other  qualities  which,  if  Giraldus  is  correct,  made 
them  a  still  more  extraordinary  race.  "  These  people,"  he  says,  "  from  the  inspection  of 
the  right  shoulder  [bones]  of  rams,  which  have  been  stripped  of  their  flesh,  and  not  roasted 
but  boiled,  can  discover  future  events,  or  those  which  have  passed  and  remained  long 
unknown.  They  know  also  what  is  transpiring  at  a  distant  place  by  a  wonderful  art  and 
prophetic  kind  of  spirit."  Belief  in  fortune-telling  and  occult  knowledge  is  still  strong 
in  Pembrokeshire. 

The  Language  of  the  "  Engtishry." 

The  facts  above  given  are  sufficient  to  explain  the  character  of  the  language  of  the 
Pembrokeshire  "  Englishry."  How  the  Flemings,  who  used  in  their  own  homes  a  very 
different  speech,  came  to  speak  English,  is  made  clear  by  their  previous  sojourn  and  settle- 
ment in  the  north  and  other  parts  of  England.  How  they  cast  their  English  into  a  peculiar 
mould,  and  made  it  a  linsey-woolsey  fabric  of  divers  strange  vocables  and  articulations,  will 
be  at  once  understood  from  the  mixture  of  Normans,  English,  Welsh,  and  Flemish,  which 
constituted  their  society.  For  even  Welsh  would  in  time  settle  among  them ;  and  that 
many  English  had  been  brought  hither  by  the  policy  of  Henry  and  his  predecessors  (as 
sagaciously  conjectured  by  the  antiquary,  George  Owen  of  Henllys)  in  order  "  to  get  rid  of 
them  "  is  not  only  highly  probable,  but  almost  satisfactorily  proved  by  the  physical  character- 
istics, the  names,  and  the  mixed  language  of  the  district. 


NATIONALITY  AND  LANGUAGE  IN  PEMBROKESHIRE.  879 

"  Pembrokeshire  English  "  has  peculiar  words,  peculiar  inflexions,  idioms,  and  articula- 
tions. It  has  no  words,  but  "  <wrds;"  is  not  pronounced,  but  "  pronaaiemced."  Mr.  Purnell 
informs  us  (Cambr.  foitrn.,  1859),  among  other  things,  of  a  general  habit  of  omitting 
the  auxiliary  verb,  as  "I  written"  for  "I  have  written;"  the  vowel  o  is  frequently  ill-used, 
"cold"  being  pronounced  "caauld,"  and  "told"  "taauldj"  the  terminal  ow  in  "borrow" 
is  sounded  "  borra,"  in  "morrow"  "morra;"  to  "mow"  as  to  "maoo;"  "going"  is 
"  gwain."  The  neuter  gender  is  never  recognised  by  the  common  people,  but  everything  is 
either  he  or  she,  and  the  masculine  objective  is  always  «,  "  I  told  him  "  is  "  I  taauld'n." 
"  How"  is  universally  used  for  "  why."  "  How  did  you  come  "  would  here  have  no  reference 
to  the  manner  of  coming,  but  solely  to  the  reason  for  coming.  For  "  I  am  not,"  "  he  is 
not,"  the  common  expression  is  "  I  arn't,"  "  he  arn't."  A  couple  does  not  necessarily  mean 
two  of  a  kind,  but  most  usually  usurps  the  meaning  "a  few."  When  a  person  does  a  thing 
"  leisurely  "  he  does  it  "  all  by  lejurs  ; "  one  person  throwing  a  stone  at  another  is  said  to 
"pile"  him:  "orra  one"  and  "norra  one"  are  used  for  "one"  and  "not  one;"  a  cow 
addicted  to  pushing  is  said  to  "pilk;"  a  large  piece  of  bread  is  a  "culf;"  a  small  cake 
baked  is  a  "  cook,"  boiled  it  is  a  "  trolly ; "  an  article  of  good  substance  is  said  to  have  a 
good  "  sump  "  in  it ;  a  boon  companion  is  a  "  scud  ; "  one  of  stunted  growth  is  "  cranted  ;  " 
one  of  weak  condition  of  body  is  "  hash ; "  one  whose  intellect  is  impaired  is  "  dotty ; "  to 
be  stern  is  to  be  "  dern  ; "  an  unworthy  person  is  "  a  pelt ;  "  to  be  showy  is  to  be  "  filty,"  a 
woman  over-dressed  is  "  filty-fine ; "  oatmeal  gruel  is  called  "  budram  ; "  when  a  person 
discourses  incoherently  his  address  is  a  "rammas;"  to  fallow  the  land  is  to  "velge"  it ;  a 
furrow  is  a  "  voor ;  "  any  small  meadow  is  "  burgage ; "  to  save  water  from  running  to  waste 
is  to  "  vang  "  it ;  to  cover  a  fire  so  as  to  keep  it  over  night  is  to  "  stum  "  it ;  to  beg  is  to 
"  kedge,"  "  soul,"  or  "  hoggle,"  and  the  second  means  begging  at  All  Soul's  time ;  man  is 
used  very  peculiarly  under  the  form  of  "  men,"  "  no,  my  good  fellow,"  is  "  no  men ;  "  "  answer 
my  lad "  is  "  answer  men ; "  a  gap  in  a  hedge  is  a  "  slop."  Traces  of  Welsh  are  seen  in 
"cowell,"  a  kind  of  basket,  W.,  cawell ;  "coppat,"  the  thatch  on  a  mow,  or  small  stack  of 
corn,  W.,  cap,  coppa ;  "  to  freeth,"  as  in  Devon,  is  to  wattle,  W.,  ffridd,  a  division,  quickset ; 
completely  is  "  rottle,"  W.,  trwyadl,  thorough ;  to  pour  is  to  "  hild,"  W.,  hidlo,  to  pass 
through  a  sieve  ;  a  great  eater  is  a  "  gorral,"  W.,  gor,  much,  extreme,  and  bol,  belly. 

The  boundaries  of  the  "  Englishry  "  and  "  Welshery  "  in  Pembrokeshire  are  about  the 
same  to-day  that  they  were  650  year?  ago.  Roose,  Castlemartin,  Narberth,  and  Dungleddy 
hundreds,  a  few  parishes  excepted,  were  the  parts  peopled  by  the  strangers  in  the  twelfth 
century,  and  those  are  the  parts  which  constitute  the  "  Englishry  "  of  the  county  now.  In 
this  general  sense  there  is  scarcely  a  parish  which  can  be  pronounced  to  have  been  lost  or 
won  on  either  side.  George  Owen,  260  years  ago,  with  perfect  knowledge  of  the  subject, 
writes  thus  : — "  The  shire  is  well  neere  divided  into  two  partes  between  the  English  speeche 
and  the  Welshe,  for  the  hundreds  of  Castlemartin,  Rowse,  and  all  Narberth,  excepting  the 
parishes  of  Llandewi  and  Lampeter,  and  all  Dougledy,  excepting  the  parishes  of  Lanvalteg, 
Langain,  Landyssilio,  Lanykeven,  and  Crynow  doe  speake  the  English e,  and  then  the 
hundreds  of  Kernes,  Kilgerran,  and  Dewisland  speake  all  the  Welsh  tongue  ;  so  that  above 
seventy-four  parishes  are  inhabited  by  the  Englishmen  and  sixty-four  parishes  more  by  the 
Welshe,  and  the  rest,  being  about  six,  speake  both  languages,  beginning  at  Cronwere  by 
Carmarthenshire,  and  soe  passeth  up  to  Lanhaden,  where  both  languages  are  spoken,  and 


88o  PEMBROKESHIRE. 

from  thence  between  Bletherston  and  Lanykeven  to  New  Mote,  and  soe  betweene  Castle 
Blythe  and  Ambleston,  and  so  betweene  Trefgarn  and  St.  Dogwell's,  and  over  the  hills 
betweene  Hayse  Castle,  and  then  turning  down  Newgall  Moore,  as  the  same  river  leadeth 
to  the  sea  betweene  Roche  Castle  and  bridge,  the  southern  parte  of  which  Lansker  speaketh 
all  English,  and  the  Norther  side  Welshe,  well  neere,  as  I  sayde  before,  parting  the  shire  in 
two  equall  halves  betweene  them."  (Camb.  Reg.,  ii.,  78.) 

This  description  would  apply  to  the  present  state  of  things,  with  this  important  qualifica- 
tion, viz.,  that  the  line  of  demarcation  marks  nowhere  so  distinctly  and  definitely  the  parting 
of  languages  as  it  did  in  George  Owen's  time.  With  the  march  of  education  the  English 
diffuses  itself  everywhere  throughout  the  Welsh  parts,  not  to  the  exclusion  of  the  vernacular 
but  as  a  companion  speech ;  and  on  the  other  hand,  Welsh  people  in  no  inconsiderable 
numbers,  drawn  by  trade  and  inclination,  settle  in  different  parts,  especially  the  towns  of 
Roose  and  Narberth  hundreds,  and  so  far  carry  their  language  with  them  as  to  require  places 
of  worship  where  the  ministrations  are  in  that  tongue.  This  is  not  the  only  happy 
result  of  the — 

"  Toning  power  of  time, 
And  evanescent  march  of  memory." 

The  hostility  of  the  two  races,  once  so  intense  and  bitter,  has  disappeared,  leaving  behind  it 
at  the  worst  only  a  faint  residuum  which  can  be  designated  as  "  something"  that  is  chilly 
and  unsympathetic.  But  generally  the  tone  of  feeling  is  free  from  a  sense  of  estrangement. 
Intermarriages  often  take  place,  promoted  by  and  promoting  reciprocal  settlement  and  race 
admixture  on  either  side  the  border  line.  Long  past  is  the  time  when  George  Owen's  words 
in  this  application,  were  true,  that  the  English  "  held  themselves  so  close  "  as  "  to  wonder  at 
a  Welshman  coming  among  them,  the  one  neighbour  saying  to  the  other,  '  Look,  there  goeth 
a  Welshman.' " 

Names  of  places  naturally  follow  race  settlements.  Names  ending  in  ton,  the  Teutonic 
for  "abode,"  are  almost  as  common  in  Roose  and  Castlemartin,  as  those  ending  in  the 
corresponding  Cymric  tre  are  in  Dewsland.  But  through  all  time  and  circumstances, 
expulsion  of  race  and  hot  furnace  of  bloody  conflict,  not  a  few  of  the  ancient  Welsh  designa- 
tions have  come  down  to  us  almost  unharmed  and  without  disfigurement.  Pembroke, 
Tenby,  Narberth,  and  the  various  parish  Llans,  are  conspicuous  instances.  With  almost 
braver  and  more  strenuous  affection,  like  the  little  local  shell-fish  adhering  to  their  native 
rock,  the  obscure  hamlets,  farmsteads,  rills,  and  ridges  cling  to  their  early  Cymric  names, 
We  have  Tre-fran,  Camros,  Talbeny  (tal  and  pen,  by  the  way,  meaning  the  same  thing — a 
reduplication  not  uncommon  in  ancient  twice-baptized  local  names,  though  here  tal  may  be 
an  adjective),  Coedganlas,  Pennar,  and  Pwll-y-crochan  (Castlemartin),  as  well  as  Carew 
(caer),  Benton  {pen},  and  Begelly. 

The  question  of  local  names  brings  into  singular  prominence  the  settlement  in  Pembroke- 
shire of  another  nationality — the  Danish.  In  the  ninth  and  tenth  centuries,  during  the  long 
struggle  of  the  Danes  to  effect  the  conquest  of  England,  the  creeks  and  islands  on  the 
coast  of  Wales,  and  especially  those  of  Pembrokeshire,  were  much  infested  with  these 
strangers.  They  came  in  their  ships  in  search  of  plunder.  Sometimes  their  visits  were 
hasty  and  brief,  but  at  other  times  prolonged.  Where  they  impressed  their  mark  so  deeply 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE.  881 

in  the  form  of  a  local  name  in  their  own  strange  language  as  to  send  it  down  through  all 
time,  it  must  be  presumed  that  they  had  formed  a  prolonged  settlement,  and  in  the  case  of 
individuals  a  permanent  home.  The  words gard,  or  garth  (a  protection);  wick  (a  creek); 
thorpe,  or  drop  (a  village);  by  (an  abode);  holm,  ey  an)  island);  stack,  stakr  (a  columnar 
rock),  are  all  Norse,  and  are  all  found  in  Pembrokeshire  names : — 

Tishguard.  Freys/w/.  Steep/fo/#*. 

Has^wtfn/.  Go\i\trop.  St.  Bride's  Stack. 

GooAwick.  Co\6y.  Stack  Rocks. 

Gellyszc/zVA  Grassholm.  SfackpooL 

Musselzwafc.  Flat/fo/;#.  Caldjc. 

Wick  Haven.  Skok/w/w.  Ramsey. 

Then  there  are  such  obviously  Scandinavian  names  as  Skomer,  Skerry-back  Islands,  Harold- 
ston,  Hubbaston,  Strumble  Head,  Sker-las.  The  same  result  would  be  obtained  from  a 
minute  examination  of  personal  names,  and  the  physical  characteristics,  such  as  complexion, 
hair-colour,  stature,  &c.,  of  the  people ;  all  would  tend  to  show  that  the  county  of 
Pembroke  has  in  past  times  been  largely  visited  by  the  North  Sea  vikings,  and  that  they  left 
here  not  only  fragments  of  their  language,  but  a  slight  tinge  of  their  blood. 


THE  HIRLAS  HORN  AT  GOLDEN  GROVE. 
(As  Engraved  in  Dunn's  "Herald.    Visitations  of   Wales"],  sec  p.  857,   ante). 

SECTION  V.— HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE  FROM  A.D.  1540 

TO  A.D.  1872. 

As  from  absolute  want  of  space  the  usual  section  on  old  and  extinct  families  is  unavoid- 
ably omitted,  it  is  with  the  more  gratification  that  we  insert  here  a  complete  list  of  the 
Sheriffs  of  Pembrokeshire  from  the  first  appointment  under  the  Act  of  Union  in  1540  to  the 
year  1872.  This  list  contains  representatives  of  almost  every  leading  family  in  the  county 
of  Pembroke  through  that  long  period  of  time,  with  many  historical  and  genealogical 


882 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


facts  bearing  upon  their  fortunes.  It  has  had  the  advantage  of  revision  by  Jos.  Joseph, 
Esq.,  F.S.A.,  of  Brecon,  and  has  been  collated  with  a  roll  collected  by  the  late  Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart.,  of  Middlehill,  which  was  very  imperfect. 


HENRY  VIII.  A.D. 

Sir  Thomas  Jones,  Kt.,  of  Harroldston,  [m. 
Mary,  dau.  and  h.  of  James  Berkeley, 

and  widow  of  Thomas  Perrott,  Esq.]  .  154° 

John  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle         .  .  1541 

Sir  John  Wogan,  Knt.,  of  Wiston  Castle  .  1542 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Whitland             .  .  1543 

Owen  ap  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Pentre  Evan     .  .  1544 

John  Sutton,  Esq.,  of  Camrose        .         .  .  1545 

Morgan  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Milton        .         .  .  1546 

EDWARD  VI. 

Henry  Wyrriott,  Esq.,  of  Orielton  [m.  Mar- 
garet, dau.  of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  Kt.]  .     1547 
Thomas  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle  .         .     1548 
John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle      .         .     1549 
John  Perrott,  Esq.,  of  Scotsborough  [/«.  Jane, 
dau.  of  John  Lloyd,  of  Tenby,  and  had  an 
only  daughter,   Katherine,  who  /«.  John 
ap  Rhys.     See  Riclteston].         .         .         .     1550 
Sir  John  Perrott,  Knt.,  of  Carew  Castle  [son  of 
Sir  Thomas,  by   Mary,    dau.    and   h.  of 
James,  second  son  of  Maurice,  Lord  Berk- 
ley ;  in,  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Cheney,   K.G.,   and  died   in  the  Tower 
3rd  November,  1599]       ....      1551 
John   Bowen,    Esq.,    of   Trefloyne     (properly 

Trellwyn),  near  Tenby     .         .         .         .1552 

MARY. 

John  Bowen,  Esq.  (the  same)          .         .         .  '553 
Sir  John  Wogan,  Knt.,  of  Wiston  Castle         .  1554 
John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Whitland  .         .         .  1555 
John  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Panthowell         .         .  1556 
William  Rhys,    Esq.,  of  Sandyhaven  [illegiti- 
mate son  of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas]    .         .  1557 
Arnold  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Johnstone  [m.  Ellen, 
dau.  of  Sir  John  Wogan.     See  also  Butler 
of  DnnraTcii\  ......  '55^ 

ELIZABETH. 

Henry  Wyrriott,  Esq.,  of  Orielton  [m.  Mar- 

garet,daughterof  Sir  Rhysap  Thomas,  K.G.]  1559 

John  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Trefloyne       .         .         .      1560 

Griffith  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan,  Castlemartin 
[son  of  James,  by  Margaret,  dau.  of  John 
Herbert,  of  Laugharne  ;  m.,  1st,  Mar- 
garet, dau.  and  h.  of  Thomas  Watkins,  had 
issue  Henry  and  three  other  sons  ;  and  2nd, 
Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Owen  Perrott,  by 
whom  he  had  two  daughters]  .  .  .  1561 

John  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Slebech  [son  of  Roger, 
by  Julian,  dau.  and  h.  of  Roger  Dews,  of 
Bristol]  .......  1562 

William  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Ficton  Castle  [eldest 


A.D. 

son  of  John  Philips,  by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
Sir  William  Griffith,  of  Penryn  (see  1541)]      1563 
Rhys  ap  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Upton  Castle     .         .      1564 
Thomas  Cadam,  Esq.,  of  Prendergast  Place    .      1565 
Sir  John  Wogan,  Knt.,  of  Wiston  Castle         .      1566 
John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Boulston       .         .         .     1567 
Francis  Laugharne,  Esq.,  of  St.  Bride's.         .     1568 
Thomas  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Pentre  Evan     .         .      1569 
Griffith  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan     .          .         .     1570 
John  Bradshaw,  Esq.,  of  St.  Dogmael's.   [John 
Bradshaw,  who,  on  suppression  of  monas- 
teries, obtained  the  abbey  of  St.  Dogmael's, 
d.  1588,  and  was  succ.  by  his  son  John]    .     1571 
John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle       .         .     1572 
Alban  Stepney,  Esq.,  of  Prendergast  (see  1605)     1573 
John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle  [son  of 
Richard,  by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gamage]          .  ....     1574 

John  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Slebech  (see  1562)         .     1575 
Morgan  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle  [2nd 
son  of  John  and  father  of  Sir  John,  cr.  a 

Bart.  1621] 1576 

George  Wyrriott,  Esq.,  of  Orielton.     [He  m. 
Jane,  dau.  of  John  Philips  ;  his  dau.,  Eliza- 
beth,  m.  Sir  Hugh  Owen,  of  Bodowen, 
Angl.     See  Angl.  Sheriffs,  aim.  1608]      .     1577 
Francis  Laugharne,  Esq.,  of  St.  Bride's  .         .     1578 
Thomas  Revell,  Esq.,  of  Forest      .         .         .     1579 
George  Devereux,  Esq.,  of  Lamphey       .         .      1580 
Griffith  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan  (see  1561)      .     1581 
John  ap   Rhys,   Esq.,  of  Rickeston,    Brawdy 
[gr.  son  of  David,  nat.  son  of  Sir  Rhys  ap 
Thomas,  m.  dau.  of  John  Perrott,  of  Scots- 
borough.     See  1550.]       ....      1582 
Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Knt.,  of  Orielton  (see  1577)     1583 
Sir  John  Wogan,  Knt.,  of  Boulston          .         .     1584 
John  Elliot,  Esq.,  of  Narberth  [/«.  Jane,  dau. 
and  h.  of  John  Vaughan,  of  Narberth,  son 
of  John  Vaughan,  of  Pembrey,  and  had 
issue  Owen,  &c.]     .....     1585 
Rowland  Laugharne,  Esq.,  of  St.  Bride's  [son 
of  Francis  Laugharne,  m.  Lettice,  dau.  of 
Sir  John  Perrott,  and  had  issue  John  and 
Dorothy.    His  widow  m.  Walter  Vaughan, 

of  Golden  Grove] 1586 

George  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Henllys  [thewell-known 
antiquary  ;  m.,  159')  Eliz.,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  William  Philips,  of  Picton]  .         .         .1587 
Henry  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Pater-church  [son  of 
John  ;  m.  Anne,  dau.  of  Richard  Wogan, 
of  Boulston,  by  Maud,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas 
Philips  ;  was  M.P.  for  Pembroke,  1st  and 
7th  Edward  VI.  and  1st  Mary]         .         .     1588 
Thomas  Jones,   Esq.    (same  as  for    1540),    of 
Harroldston  [afterwards  knighted  ;  was  of 
Abermarlais,  co.  Carm.]          .         .         .      1^89 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


883 


A.D. 

Alban  Stepney,  Esq.,  of  Prendergast  (see  1605)  1590 
Edmund  Winstanley,  Esq.,  of  St.  Dogmael's  .  1591 
Henry  White,   Esq.,  of  Henllan,  Castlemartin 
[son  of  Griffith  (see  1561),  m.  Jane,  daugh- 
ter of  Rich    Fletcher,  and  had  issue]         .  1592 
John  ap  Rhys,  Esq.,  of  Rickeston  (see  1582)  .  1593 
Walter  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  St.  Bride's  [and  of 

Golden  Grove,  Carm., — see  1586]  .         .  1594 

John  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle         .         .  1595 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Kilkiffeth       .         .         .1596 

Thomas  Parry,  Esq.,  of  St.  Dogmael's     .         .  1597 

John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Boulston  (see  1574)       .  1598 
Hugh  Butler,    Esq.,   of  Johnstone  [m.  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  of  Sir  John  Perrott.     See  also 

1588] 1599 

John  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  New  Moat        .        .  1600 
Devereux    Barrett,    Esq.,    of  Tenby   [son   of 

James,  son  of  Harri  Barrett  of  Pendine]    .  1601 

George  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Henllys  (see  1587)      .  1602 

JAMES  I. 

James  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Trefloyne  (see  1552)    .     1603 
Henry  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan  (see  1592)       .     1604 
Alban  Stepney,  Esq.,  of  Prendergast  [2nd  son 
of  Thomas  Stepney  ;  m.,  as  wife,  Mary, 
dau.   and   co-h.   of  William   Philipps,    of 
Picton,  by  whom  alone  he  had  issue,  see 
Cowell-Stepncy  of  Llandly~\       .         ,         .     1605 
Sir  John  Wogan,  Knt.,  of  Boulston         .         .      1606 
Roger  Lort,  Esq.,  of  Stackpool  Court  (see  1619)     1607 
John  Butler,  Esq  ,  of  Coedcanlas  (see  1558)     .     1608 
Owen  Elliott,  Esq.,  of  Narberth  (see  1585)      .      1609 
Thomas  ap  Rhys,   Esq.,  of  Scotsborough  [son 
of  Sheriff  for  1593,  see  monument  in  Tenby 
Church]  .......     1610 

John  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle  (afterw. 

Knt.  and  Bart.)       .         .  .         .1611 

William  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Criswell  {Christ s 
Well.  He  was  of  the  Slebech  family  ;  /«. 
Eliz.,  dau.  of  John  ap  Rhys  of  Rickeston, 

—see  1593] 1612 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Kilkiffeth.          '.         .      1613 

John  Stepney,    Esq.,    of  Prendergast  [afterw. 

Bart. ;  son  of  Alban  Stepney,  by  his  second 

wife,  Mary  (see  1605)  ;  >«.   Frances,  dau. 

of  Sir  Francis  Mansel,  of  Muddlescombe, 

d.  1637] 1614 

Richard  Cuny,  Esq.,  ofLamphey  .  .  .  1615 
Devereux  Barrett,  Esq.,  of  Tenby  (see  1601)  .  1616 
William  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  New  Moat  [m.  a 

dau.  of  Geo.  Owen,  of  Henllys,  see  1602]     1617 
George  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Slebech    .         .         .      1618 
Henry  Lort,  Esq.,  of  Stackpool  [son  of  Roger, 
— see  1607  ;   m.   Judith,   dau.    of  Henry 
White  (see  1604) ;  father  of  Sir  Roger,  the 
first  Bart.     See  1651]      ....      1619 
Alban  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Nash  [son  of  Morgan 
Philipps,  of  Picton  ;  he  m.  Janet,  dau.  and 
h.  of  Richard  Nash,  of  Nash]  .        .        .     1620 


A.D. 
John  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Pentre  Park.  [See 

Philipps,  Penty  Park]  .  .  .  .1621 
Sir  John  Carew,  Knt.  [see  Carew  Castle]  .  1622 
James  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair.  [See 

Bmvfn,  Llwyngwair]  ....  1623 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Hendre  .  .  .  1624 

CHARLES  I. 

John  Laugharne,  Esq.,  of  Tenby     .         .         .     1625 
Griffith  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan,  Castlemartin     1626 
George  Bowen,  Esq.,   of  Trefloyne  (see   Tre- 
floyne and  Trelhvytt)        ....      1627 
David  Thomas  Parry,   Esq.,  of  Noyadd  Tre- 

fawr,  Card. 1628 

David  Parry,  his  grandson  (both  in  one  year)  . 
Sir  John  Wogan,  Knt.,  of  Boulston  [son  of  Sir 
John  Wogan,  by  Jane,  dau.   of  Richard 
Wogan,  of  Wiston.     See  Bonlston~\  .         .     1629 
John  Laugharne,  Esq.,  of  St.   Bride's  [son  of 
Rowland,   by   Lettice,  dau.   of  Sir  John 
Perrott,  of  Haroldston  ;  m.  Jane,  dau.   of 
Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Knt.]    ....     1630 
George    Bowen,    Esq.,    of  Llwyngwair    [see 

Llwyiiffwair] 1631 

Sir  Richard  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle 
[son  of  Sir  John,  1st  Bart.,  by  Anne,  dau. 
of  Sir  John-  Perrott,  of  Haroldston]  .  1632 

Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Orielton  (afterw.  Kt.)    .      1633 
John  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  New  Moat        .         .      1634 
John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle       .         .      1635 
John  Stepney,  Esq. ,  of  Prendergast         .         .      1636 
John  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Fynnon-gain       .         .      1637 
Thomas  Wrarren,  Esq.,  of  Trewern.     [Par.  of 
Nevern  ;  of  the  line  of  Gwrwared,  son  of 
William.     Arms  :  Az. ,  a  lion  ramp,  or — 

Dwnn] 1638 

George  Carew,  Esq.,  of  Carew  Castle  [son  of 

Sheriff  1622] 1639 

Lewis  Barlow,  Esq. ,  of  Criswell  [son  of  Sheriff 

1612] 1640 

James  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Kilkiffeth      .         .         .      1641 
Alban  Owen,   Esq.,  of  Henllys  [son  of  Sheriff 

1587] 1642 

Thomas  Butler,  Esq.,   of  Scoveston  (for  two  j  1643 
years)      .......  i  1644 

William  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Haythog        .         .     1645 
John  Lloyd,  Esq. ,  of  Lanfyrnach    .         .         .     1646 
Abraham  Wogan,   Esq.,   of  Boulston  [son  of 
Morris,    by  Frances,   dau.   of   Sir    Hugh 
Owen,  of  Orielton  ;  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Sir 
Lewis  Mansel,  of  Margam]       .         .         .     1647 

THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 

Arnold  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest  (for 

LlangwaMan)  .....  1648 

Sampson  Lort,  Esq.,  of  East  Meare         .         .     1649 

James  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Tref-gib,  Carmarthen- 
shire   1650 

Roger  Lort,  Esq.,  of  Stackpool  Court.  [Cr. 
a  baronet  1662;  m.,  1st,  Hester,  sister  of 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


1651 
1652 


Arthur  Annesley,  Earl  of  Anglesey  ;  2ndly, 
Anne,  dau.  of  Humphrey  Wyndham,  Esq., 
of  Dunraven.  His  gr.  dau.,  Eliz.,  m.  Sir 
Alex.  Campbell,  ancest.  to  the  Earls  of 

Cawdor] 

John  Lort,  Esq.,   of  Prickeston  [son  of  above] 
Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Knt.  and  Bart.,  of  Orielton  . 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,   LORD  PROTECTOR. 

James  Price  (ap  Khys),  Esq. ,  of  Rickeston  [son 

of  John, — see  1593]  ....  1654 

Sir  Erasmus  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle 
[son  of  Sir  Richard,  second  Bart.,  by 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  Erasmus  Dryden]  .  l655 

Richard  Walter,  Esq.,  of  Roch  Castle  [de- 
scended from  an  Essex  family,  intermarried 
with  the  Laugharnes  and  Warrens.  The 
Walters  are  believed  not  to  be  extinct]  .  1656 

Henry  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan,  Castlemartin.     1657 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Henry  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan  (the  same)  .  1658 
George  Howard,  Esq.,  of  Fleather  Hill  .  .  1659 

CHARLES  II. 

George  Howard,  Esq.,  of  Flether  Hill    .        .     1660 
James  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Kilrhiwe       .         .         .1661 
David  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Coed  Llwyd       .         .     1662 
William  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  New  Moat.         .  » 
Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Landshipping         .  j  l663 
Griffith  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Bangeston          .         .     1664 
Sir  Herbert  Perrott,  Kt.,  of  Haroldston  [son  of 
James  Perrott,  by  Dorothy,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  Sir  Thomas  Perrott,  by  Lady  Dorothy 

Devereux] 1665 

Thomas  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Tre-Llewelyn.        .     1666 
Lewis  Barlow,  Esq.,  ofCriswell      .         .         .      1667 
James  Lewis,   Esq.,  of  Coedmore,  Card,  [ma- 
ternal grandson  of  John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of 

Wiston] !668 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Morvil  .  .  .  1669 
John  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Gumfreston  .  .  1670 
James  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair  .  .  1671 
Lewis  Wogan,  Esq.,  ofBoulston  [son  of  Sheriff 

for  1647] 1672 

William  Meares,  Esq.,  of  Eastington  (see  lestyn- 

(on),  Castlemartin     .....      1673 
William  Warren,  Esq.,  of  Trewern,  Nevern   .     1674 
Nicholas  Roch,  Esq.,  of  Richardson,  in  Roose     1675 
Lewis  John,  Esq.,  of  Lampeter  Velfrey  .         .     1676 
David  Morris  Griffith  Beynon,  of  Manordivy  .     1677 
Reynold  Lewis,  Esq.  (see  Lewis  of  Henllan)      ) 
Francis  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Lampeter  Velfrey    '.  \  l6?8 
Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Wenallt,  Newport     .     1679 
•Francis  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Waingron        .         .     1680 
Sir  John  Barlow,   Bart.,   of  Minwear  [son  of 
George  Barlow,  by  Joan,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  David  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Kilkiffeth]         .      1681 
George  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair      .        .1682 


A.D. 

David  Williams,  Esq.,  of  H3n  Castle  .  .  1683 
John  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Trecwn  .  .  .  1684 

JAMES  II. 

David  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Coed  Llwyd      .         .  1685 

John  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Criswell  (Christ's  Well) .  1686 

Charles  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Sandy  Haven.  .  1687 
James  ap  Rhys^  Esq.,  of  Rickeston  (son  of 

Sheriff  for  1654) 1688 

WILLIAM  AND  MARY. 

William  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Carew  Castle  .  .  1689 
Griffith  Hawkwell,  Esq.,  of  Talybont  .  .  1690 
Edward  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle  and 

Kilgetty  [son  of  Sir  Erasmus,  by  his  second 

wife  ;  m.  the  heiress  of  Kilgetty,  but  d. 

v.  p.  and  s.  p.]  .....  1691 
George  Meares,  Esq.,  of  Rhoscrowther  .  .  1692 
William  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Gelliswick  (see  Allen 

of  Cresselly) 1693 

David  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Noyadd-trefawr,  Card.  1694 
Francis  Meares,  Esq.,  of  Corston  (d.  in  office)  1695 

WILLIAM  III. 

George  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cwmgloyne  .  .  1696 
Sir  Thomas  Stepney,  of  Prendergast  (see 

Cowell- Stepney  of  Llanelly)       .         .         .  1697 

Hugh  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Upton  Castle       .         .  1698 

William  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  New  Moat  .         .  1699 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Grove,  Narberth         .  1700 
Hugh  Lloyd,   Esq.,  of  Ffoes-helig,  Card,  [for 
lands  in  Clydey  and  Narberth,  in  right  of 

his  wife] 1701 

ANNE. 

JohnEdwardes,  Esq.,  of  Tref-garn  [son  ofOwen 
Edwardes,   by   Damaris,    dau.    of   James 
Perrot  (see  Edwardes  of  Sealyhant)]  .         .     1 702 
Julius  Deedes,  Esq.,  of  Exeter,  [for  his  lands 

in  St.  Dogmael's] 1703 

Simon  Willy,  Esq.,  of  Lampeter  Velfrey          .     1704 
John  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Lawrenny    .         .         .     1705 
George  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Priskilly     .         .         .     1706 
Sir  Arthur  Owen,  Bart.,  M.P.  and  Lord-Lieut., 
of  Landshipping   [of    the    Orielton   line ; 
son  of  Sir  Hugh,  second  Bart. ;  m.  Emma, 
dau.  of  Sir  W.  Williams,  Speaker  of  House 
of  Commons  temp.  Charles  II.]          .         .      '7°7 
Sir  William  Lewis,  Kt.,  Bristol  (see  Henllan)    .     1708 
Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Grove,  Pembroke       .     1709 
John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Trecwn  (see  Barltam 

of  Trecwn) 1710 

Morris  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Manordivy  .  .  1711 
John  Warren,  Esq.,  of  Trewern,  Nevern  .  1712 
John  Symmons,  Esq., of  Llanstinan  .  .  i?'3 
Charles  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Great  Nash  .  .  1714 

GEORGE  I. 

Thomas  Davids,  Esq.,  of  Dyffryn,  Cilgerran  .  1715 
John  Skyrme,  Esq.,  of  Llawliaden  .  .  .  1716 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


885 


A.D. 

Lewis  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Jordanston,  Fishguard  1717 

Thomas  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Manorowen        .         .  1718 

William  Wheeler,  Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest       .  1719 

Richard  Lowe,  Esq.,  of  Linney       .         .         .  1720 

Stephen  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llangolman       .         .  1721 

Lawrence  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Bletherstone  .        .  1722 

John  Lort,  Esq.,  of  Prickeston         .         .         .  l?23 

William  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston     .         .         .  1724 

John  Child,  Esq.,  of  Begelly  .         .         .         .  1725 

David  Lewis,  Esq. ,  of  Vogart,  or  Llandewi    .  1 726 

GEORGE  II. 

Sir  Richard  Walter,  Kt.,  of  Rhos  Market  .  1727 

Robert  Popkins,  Esq.,  of  Forest  .  .  .  1728 

Nicholas  Roch,  Esq.,  of  Paskeston  .  .  .  1729 

James  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Kilrhue  .  .  .  173° 

John  Laugharne,  Esq.,  of  Llanrythan  .  .  1731 
John  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Cresselly  [see  Allen  of 

Cresselly] 1732 

Nicholas  Roch,  Esq.,  of  Prickeston  .  .  1733 
James  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Pentrepark  (now 

Pentypark) 1734 

John  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Ford  ....  1735 

William  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Sandy  Haven  .  1736 

Thomas  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Nash  .  .  .  1737 

George  Harries,  Esq. ,  of  Tregwynt  .  .  1 738 

George  Meare,  Esq.,  of  Pennar  .  ,  .  1739 

William  Warren,  Esq.  of  Longridge  .  .  1740 

Matthew  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Westfield  .  .  1741 

William  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Gelliswick  .  .  .  1742 

David  Paynter,  Esq.,  of  Dale  .  .  .  .  1743 

William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llether  .  .  .  1744 

John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  .  .  .  1745 

Morris  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Upton  Castle  .  .  1746 
Rowland  Edwardes,  Esq.,  of  Tref-garn  [son 

of    Owen    Edwardes ;     m.    Anne,    dau. 

of  George  Harries,   of  Priskilly,  and  had 

issue  John,  who  m.  the  heiress  of  Sealy- 

ham, — see  Edwardes  of  Sealyhani\  .  .  1747 

John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Boulston  .  .  .  1748 

Thomas  Picton,  Esq.,  of  Poyston  .  .  .  1749 

Sparks  Martin,  Esq.,  of  Withy-Bush  .  .  1750 

Hugh  Meare,  Esq.,  of  Pearston  .  .  .  1751 

John  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Berllan  ....  1752 

George  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Slebech  .  .  .  1753 

Essex  Marychurch  Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Bush  .  1754 

John  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Jeffreyston  .  .  .  1755 

John  Hook,  Esq.,  of  Bangeston  .  .  .  1756 
John  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Dale  (see  Allen- Philipps  of 

Dale  Castle) 1757 

John  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Whitland  .  .  .  1758 

Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Brawdy  .  .  .  1759 

Thomas  Roch,  Esq.,  of  Butter  Hill  .  .  j  760 

GEORGE  III. 

Rowland  Philipps  Laugharne,  Esq.,  of  Orlandon 
[son  of  Rowland  Philipps,  Esq. ,  by  Martha, 
dau.  of  John  Edwardes,  Esq. ;  m.  Anne, 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  Laugharne,  and  as- 
sumed her  nam  ] 1761 


William  Wheeler  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Lambston  . 

John  Tucker,  Esq.,  of  Sealyham    .        .        . 

William  Ford,  Esq.,  of  Stone  Hall          .         . 

John  Francis  Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Bush      .         . 

William  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Ivy  Tower    .         . 

Council  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Hermon's  Hill, 
Haverfordwest  ..... 

John  Griffiths,  Esq.,  of  Clynderwen        .        . 

Thomas  Skyrme,  Esq.,  of  Vaynor    .         .         . 

Thomas  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Rhosygilwen      .         . 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cwmgloyne       .         . 

John  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Portclew         .         .        . 

John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Brawdy          .         .         . 

Caesar  Mathias,  Esq.,  of  Hook        .         .        . 

John  Lort,  Esq.,  of  Prickeston        .         .         - 

John  Harries,  Esq.,  of  Cryg-glas     .         .         . 

Nicholas  Roch,  Esq.,  of  Paskeston         .        . 

Thomas  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Trelethin      .         . 

John  Griffiths,  Esq.,  of  Llancych    .         .         . 

Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Kilrhue     .         .         . 

Henry  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  Robeston      .         . 

Vaughan  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Posty,  Bletherston 

Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  of  Pope  Hill        .         . 

John  Protheroe,  Esq.,  of  Egremont          .         . 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Dale  Castle  [m.,  1776, 
Elinor,  dau.  and  h.  of  John  Allen,  Esq., 
of  Dale  Castle  ;  d.  1820]  .  .  .  . 

William  Knox,  Esq.,  of  Slebech  [bought 
Slebech  from  John  Symmons  (Llanstinan), 
who  had  m.  the  heiress  of  the  Barlows]  . 

James  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Pentrepark  (see 
Philipps  of  Pentypark}  .  .  .  . 

John  Philipps  Laugharne,  of  Orlandon  (son  of 
Sheriff  for  1761)  ..... 

George  Roch,  Esq.,  of  Clareston    .         .         . 

William  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  St.  Bride's     .         . 

William  Wheeler  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Lambston  . 

John  Mathias,  Esq.,  of  Llangwarren       .         . 

John  Higgon,  Esq.,  of  Scolton       .         .         . 

John  Phelps,  Esq.,  of  Withy-bush  .         .         . 

John  Herbert  Foley,  Esq.,  of  Ridgeway  .         . 

Nathaniel  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Slebech  [bought 
Slebech  from  William  Knox,  Sheriff  for 
1786]  ....... 

Abraham  Leach,  Esq.,  of  Corston  .        .         . 

John  Tasker,  Esq.,  of  Upton  Castle        .         . 

Gwynn  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Jordanston      .         . 

John  Meares,  Esq.,  of  Eastington   .         .        . 

Morgan  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Cilwendeg  .         .         . 

Hugh  Stokes,  Esq.,  of  Hubberston          .         . 

George  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair       .         . 

Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Bart,  of  Orielton  [6th  Bart.  ; 
son  of  Sir  Hugh,  by  Anne,  dau.  of  John 
Colby,  Esq.  ;  d.,  1809,  unmarried,  leaving 
Orielton  to  J.  Lord.  Sze.Owen,ofOriclton~\ 

John  Hill  Harries,  Esq.,  of  Heathfield  (see 
Harries  of  Heathfield  )  .  .  .  . 

Hugh  Webb  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Camrose   .         . 

John  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Fynnone        .         .         . 

John  Hensleigh  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Cresselly  .        . 

Charles  Allen  Philipps,   Esq.,  of  St.   Bride's 

M 


A.n. 
1762 
1763 
-1764 
1765 
1766 


1768 

1769 
1770 
1771 
1772 
1773 
1774 
1775 
1776 
1777 
1778 
1779 
1780 
1781 
1782 
1783 
1784 


1785 


1786 
1787 

1788 
1789 
1790 
1791 
1792 
1793 
1794 
1795 


1796 
1797 
179^ 
1799 
1800 
1801 
1802 
1803 


1804 

1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 


886 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


A.D. 

Hill  [third  son  of  Joseph  Allen,  by  Anne 
Philipps,  of  St.  Bride's  Hill,— see  Allen- 
Phillips  of  Dale  Castle).  He  assumed  the 
name  of  Philipps  on  succeeding  to  the 

estate] 1809 

John  Mirehouse,   Esq.,  of  Brownslade  [son  of 
the  Rev.   Canon  Thomas  Mirehouse  ;  m. 
Mary,  sister  of  Sir  John  Edwards,   Bart., 
of  Greenfields,  Mn.chynlleth,  1823]    .         .     1810 
Lewis  Mathias,  Esq.,  of  Llangwarren      .         .     1811 
William  Henry  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  Robeston 

Hall 1812 

Gwynn  Gill  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Jordanston  .  1813 
John  Harcourt  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Hook  .  .  1814 
Morris  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Cymgloyne  .  .  1815 
Henry  Mathias,  Esq.,  of  Fernhill  (afterwards 

knighted) 1816 

Charles  Mathias,  Esq.,  of  Llangwarren  .  .  1817 
Robert  Innes  Ackland,  Esq.,  of  Boulston,  by 

purchase  (see  Ackland  of  Boulston)  ,  .  1818 
Henry  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Mullock  .  .  .  1819 

GEORGE  IV. 

Nathaniel  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Slebech  [only  son 
of   Nathaniel    Phillips,    Sheriff  1796;    d. 
unm.,  and  was  succ.  by  his  eldest  sister, 
who  m.  Baron  de  Kutzen]         .         .         .     1820 
Joseph  Harries,  Esq.,  of  Llanunwas       .         .     1821 
John  Meares,  Esq.,  of  Eastington  .         .         .     1822 
Owen  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Trewern,  Nevern  .         .     1823 
Orlando  Harries  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Ivy  Tower. 
[He  m,,  in   1809,   Maria,   only  dau.   and 
h.  of  William  Williams,  of  Ivy  Tower  ; 
in  1824  assumed  her  name  ;  d.  in   1849, 
s.  /.,  his  wife  having  predeceased]    .         .      1824 
George    Bowen,    Esq.,    of    Llwyngwair    [see 

Bowen  of  Llwyngwair]  ....  1825 
Jonathan  Haworth  Peel,  Esq.,  of  Cottesmoor 

[see  Massy  of  Cottesmoor].  .  .  .  1826 
Anthony  Innys  Stokes,  of  St.  Botolph's .  .  1827 
Thomas  Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Bush  .  .  .  1828 
William  Edwardes  Tucker,  Esq.,  of  Sealyham 

[see  Edwardes  of  Sealyhani\      .         .         .     1829 

WILLIAM  IV. 
George  Clayton  Roch,  of  Clareston  .  .  1830 
Morgan  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Cilwendeg  .  .  .  1831 
David  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Carnachenwen  .  .  1832 
John  Henry  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Williamston 

(see  Scourfield  of  Williamston]  . 
John  Barham,   Esq.,  of  Trecwn  (see  Barham 

of  Trecwn} 183, 

Nicholas  Roch,  Esq.,  ofCosheston.         .         .     1835 
Charles    Wheeler    Townsend   Webb    Bowen, 

Esq.,  of  Camrose 1836 

VICTORIA. 
John  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Hollyland  (see  Adams  of 

llollyland) ^37 


[ohn  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Fynnon^ 
jilbert  William  Warren  Davis,  Esq.,  of  Mul- 
lock         ....... 

Richard  Llewellyn,  Esq.,  of  Tregwynt  [son  of 
Richard.  Llewellyn,  of  Holme  Wood,  near 
Bristol,  by  Anne  Maria  Ames,  sister  of 
Lionel  Lyde,  of  Ayott  St.  Lawrence, 

Herts] 

eorge    Roch,    Esq.,   of  Butter   Hill  [son  of 
George  Roch,  by  Mary,  daughter  and  co- 
heiress of  William  Jones,  of  Llether] 
Robert  Frederick  Gower,  Esq.,  of  Glandovan  . 
George   Lort    Philipps,    Esq.,    of  Dumpledale 
[eldest   son   of   John   Lort    Phillips  ;  m., 
1811,    Isabella    Georgiana,    only   dau.    of 
John  Hensleigh  Allen,  of  Cresselly] . 
William  Charles  Allen  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  St. 

Bride's  Hill 

Abel  Lewis  Gower,   Esq.,   of  Castlemalgwyn 

(see  Gower  of  Glandovan) 
John  Harding  Harries,  Esq. ,  of  Trevacoon 
William  Henry  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Clynfyw 
Owen  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Cwmgloyne   . 
Seymour  Philipps  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Creselly 
William  Richards,  Esq.,  of  Tenby  . 
John  Harcourt  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Hook     . 
Henry  Leach,  Esq.,  ofCorston 
Adrian    Nicholas    J.     Stokes,    Esq.,    of    St. 
Botolph's          ...... 

The  Hon.   R.  Fulke  Greville,   of  Castle   Hall 
[son  of  Robert  Fulke  Greville,  by  Louisa, 
Countess  of  Mansfield.     He  m.  Georgiana 
Cecilia,  dau.   of  Charles  Locke,   and  had 
issue  ;  succ.  to  the  property  of  Sir  William 
Hamilton,  which  the  latter  had  enjoyed  by 
his  first  marriage  with  Miss  Barlow] 
John  Leach,  Esq. ,  of  Ivy  Tower      .         .  x     . 
Lewis  Mathias,  Esq.,  of  Lamphey  Court 
Sir  James  John  Hamilton,  Bart. 
Nicholas  John  Dunn,  Esq.,  of  West  Moor  (see 
Dunn  of  Elm  Grove)        .... 

William  Owen,  Esq. ,  of  Poyston     . 
George  Augustus  Harries,  Esq.,  of  Hilton 
Edward  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Hen  Castle 
James  Bevan  Bowen,  Esq. ,  of  Llwyngwair 
William  Rees,  Esq. ,  of  Scovaston    . 
Thomas  Harcourt  Powell,  Esq. ,  of  Hook 
Thomas  Henry  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Clareston 
William  Walters,  Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest 
Mark  Anthony  Saurin,  Esq.,  of  Orielton 
George  Richard  G.  Rees,  Esq.,  of  Penllwyn   . 
Robert  Pavin  Davies,  Esq. ,  of  Ridgeway 
Morris  William  Lloyd  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Cwm- 
gloyne    ....... 

Baron  F.  De  Rutzen,  Slebech 

Richard  Edward  Arden,  Esq.,  of  Pontfaen 


A.D. 
1838 

1839 


1841 
1842 


1843 
1844 

1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 

1853 


1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 

1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 

1870 
1871 
1872 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


887 


SECTION  VI.— THE  PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE, 

A.D.    1542 — 1872. 

Like  all  the  other  counties,  Pembrokeshire  in  its  roll  of  parliamentary  knights  presents  a 
faithful  reflection  of  the  most  public-spirited  and  honoured  of  its  patrician  houses  for  the 
time  being.  The  following  lists  cover  a  space  of  330  years  in  the  family  history  of  Pem- 
brokeshire, and  a  comparison  of  the  names  they  contain  with  those  in  the  roll  of  High 
Sheriffs,  and  in  the  preceding  historical  and  antiquarian  notes,  will  show  that  the  great 
houses  which  have  come  down  to  us  by  tradition,  and  in  some  cases  in  their  lineal 
representatives,  were  those  to  whose  care  were  entrusted,  by  their  fellow-citizens,  the  highest 
offices  and  most  important  trusts. 

Whether  to  its  credit  or  otherwise,  Pembrokeshire  has  been  pre-eminent  for  stubborn 
election  contests,  whose  ruinous  expenditure  has  told  severely  on  the  fortunes  of  more  than 
one  family.  In  1831  the  political  tournament  lasted  fifteen  days,  and  was  renewed  for 
another  fifteen  days.  The  time  for  such  folly  is  past  for  ever.  Landowners  will  have  hence- 
forth a  better  chance  to  retain  their  acres,  and  "  independent  voters  "  their  senses.  Perhaps 
education  will  also  give  the  tenant-farmer  and  householder  some  conception  of  the  meaning 
and  reason  of  the  franchise,  and  why  this  or  that  knight  of  the  shire  or  burgess  of  a  burgh 
should  be  sent  up  to  "  sit "  at  St.  Stephen's. 


i. — Members  of  Parliament  for  the  County. 


HENRY  VIII. 
Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Haroldston 


1542 


EDWARD  VI. 
John  Wogan,  Esq.,  probably  of  Wiston  Castle     1553 


MARY. 

Sir  John  Wogan,  Kt.,  of  Wiston  Castle  . 
Arnold  Butler,  Esq.,  of  Johnston 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 


'553 
1554 


Arnold  Butler,  Esq.  (the  same)        .         .         .  1554 
Arnold  Butler,  Esq.  (the  same)        .         .         .  1555 
Thomas  Cathern,  Esq.,  Of  Prendergast  [other- 
wise Cadern,—see  Sheriffs  1565]       .         .  1557 

ELIZABETH. 

William  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle  .        .  1558 

Sir  John  Perrott,  Kt.,  of  Haroldston        .         .  1563 

John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle       .         .  1571 

William  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle  .         .  1572 
Thomas  Revell,  Esq.,  of  Forest,  Cilgerran       .  1585-6 

George  Devereux,  Esq.  (of  Lamphey  ?)  .         .  1588 
[Bishop  Barlow  alienated  the  manor  of  Lam- 
phey to  Richard  Devereux,  of  the  Essex 
and  Hereford  line.] 

Sir  Thomas  Perrott,  Kt.,  of  Haroldston            .  1592 

John  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle         .         .  1597 

John  Philips,  Esq.  (the  same)          .         .         .  1601 


JAMES  I. 

Alban  Stepney,  Esq.,  of  Prendergast 

Sir  James  Perrott,  Kt.  [for  H.  West,  1620]      . 

John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle 

Sir  James  Perrott,  Kt.  (same  as  for  1614) 

CHARLES  I. 

John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle,  1st  Sess. 
Robert  (?)  Wogan,  Esq.,  2nd  Sess.  . 
John  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle 
John  Wogan,  sen.,  Esq.,  of  Wiston  Castle 
Arthur  Owen,  Esq.,  vice  Wogan 


A.D. 

1603 
1614 
1620 
1623 


1628 
1640 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 


Sir  Erasmus  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle 
Arthur  Owen,  Esq.,  of  New  Moat   . 
James  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Tirgibby,  Card, 
Col.  John  Clarke,  of  Kensington,  Mid.    . 


«S54 
1656 


RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 
Sir  Erasmus  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle  .  1658-9 

CHARLES  II. 

Sir  Erasmus  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle 

(d.  1696) 1660 

[Members  from  1678 — 1714  not  found.] 


888 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


A.D. 

GEORGE  I. 

Sir  Arthur  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Landshipping        .     1714 
[Seat  contested   by  John  Barlow,  Esq.,  of 

Lawrenny.] 
Sir  Arthur  Owen,  Bart,  (the  same)          .        .1722 

GEORGE  II. 

John  Campbell,  Esq.  \jure  matris,  of  Stack- 
pool.  Seat  contested  by  Sir  Arthur  Owen, 
£art.] 1727 

John  Campbell,  Esq.  (the  same)     .        .        .     1741 
[Contested  by  John  Symmons,  Esq.,  ofLlan- 
stinan.  ] 

William  Owen,  Esq.  [son  of  Sir  Arthur  Owen]     1747 

Sir  William  Owen,  Bart,  \succ.  on  death  of  Sir 

Arthur,  1753] 1754 

GEORGE  III. 

Sir  John  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle  [d. 

1764] «76i 

[Contested  by  Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  son  of  Sir 

William.] 
Sir  Richard  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle 

[son  of  Sir  John]      .....     17^5 
Sir  Richard  Philipps,  Bart,  (the  same)    .        .     1768 

[Contested  by  Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  as  before.] 
Hugh  Owen,  Esq.  [vice  Philipps,  whose  election 

was  declared  void  ;  succ.  as  Bart.  1781]     .     177° 
Lord  Milford  [late  Sir  R.  Philipps],  of  Picton 

Castle,  vice  Owen  dee.}    ....     1786 
Lord  Milford,  of  Picton  Castle       .         .        .     1807 
[Contest  :  votes  for  Lord  Milford  1,195,  for 

Sir  Hugh  Owen  1,102.] 


Sir  John  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton.  [Sir  Hugh 
Owen  d.  unm.  in  1809,  and  bequeathed  his 
estates  to  his  kinsman,  John  Lord,  Esq., 
who  assumed  name  of  Owen,  and  was  cr.  a 
Bart.  Contest :  votes  for  Owen  1,529,  for 
Hon.  J.  F.  Campbell  1,344.  Owen  sat 
till  1831  unopposed]  .... 


A.D. 


1812 


GEORGE  IV. 
Sir  John  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton  .        .        .     1820 

WILLIAM  IV. 

Sir  John  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton  .        .        .     1830 
Sir  John  Owen,  Bart,  of  Orielton  .         .        .     1831 
[Contest  :  Polling  15  days  ;  votes  for  Owen 

1,949,  Hon.  R.  Fulke  Greville  1,850.] 
Sir  John  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton  .         .        .     1831 
[The  former  election  of  Owen  being  de- 
clared void,  writ  issued  for  new  election  in 
October,   when  Greville  again  contested 
the  seat.    Polling  15   days.     Votes :  for 
Owen  1,531,  for  Greville  1,423.] 

VICTORIA. 

Sir  John  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton  .        .        .  1837 
Viscount  Emlyn  [now  Earl  Cawdor,  vice  Owen, 

who  was  returned  for  Pembroke  district]  .  1841 

George  Lort  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Lawrenny  Park  1860 

James  Bevan  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair      .  1866 

John  Henry  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  Williamston  .  1868 

\Thepresent  sitting  Member,  1872.] 


2. — Members  of  Parliament  for  the  Pembroke  District  of  Boroughs,  AD.  1542  to  A.D.  1872. 


HENRY  VIII. 

John    Adams  de   Peterston    [Peter-Church — 

whence  "Pater;"  also  Patrick's-Church]      1542 

EDWARD  VI. 

Henry  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Peter-church      .        .     1547 
Henry  Adams,  Esq.  (the  same)       .         .        .     1553 

MARY. 

Henry  Adams,  Esq.  (the  same)       .         .        .     1553 
Henry  Adams,  Esq.  (the  same)       .         .         .     1554 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 

John  Garnons,  Esq.,  "of  the  Middle  Temple"     1554 
William  Watkyn,  Gent.  ....     1557 

ELIZABETH. 

No  Member  given 1558 

William  Revell,  Esq.  [of  Forest  ?].         .         .     1563 


1592 
1601 


Robert  Davy es,  Esq 1571 

Robert  Lougher,  Esq.,  LL.D.         .        .        .     157* 

John  Vaughan,  Esq 1585-6 

Nicholas  Adams,  Gent.,  of  Pater-church         .     1588 

Sir  Conyers  Clifford,  Kt. 

John  Lougher,  Esq 

JAMES  I. 

Richard  Cuny,  Gent  [see  Sheriffs,  ann.  1615]      1603 
No  name  given       ......     1614 

Lewis  Powell,  Gent,  [member  for  Haverford- 
west  1614  to  1623] ..... 

Sir  Walter  Devereux,  Kt.  [of  Lamphey  ?] 


1620 
1623 


CHARLES  I. 


Lewis  Powell,  Esq.,  1st  Session  .  .  .  ^ 
•Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Kt.,  of  Orielton,  2nd  Ses-(  1625 

sion  .  .  .  .  •  •  • } 
Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Kt.,  of  Orielton  (afterwards  a 

Bart.)      .  1628 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


Sir  John  Stepney,  2nd  Bart.,  of  Prendergast— 1        ^ 

ist  Session •  C 

Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Kt,  2nd  Session 

Six  Members  for  all   Wales,— see  names  at 

p.  606 Ifi53 

OLIVER  CROMWELL,   LORD   PROTECTOR. 

No  name  given '^54 

No  name  given.  Possibly  the  second  Member, 
given  under  the  County  was  a  Borough 
representative 

RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Sampson  Lort,  Esq..  . 

Arthur  Owen,  Esq.  (afterw.  Bart),  Orielton 


•  |  ifyg  —  9 
n  ) 


:i 


1710 


CHARLES  II. 
[Members  from  the  Restoration  to  1710  not  found.'} 

ANNE. 

Sir  Arthur  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Landshipping 

But  on  petition,  after  a  contest  — 
Lewis  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Boulston,  vice  Owen 

GEORGE  I. 

Thomas  Ferrers,  Esq  ......     J7'4 

[Contested  unsuccessfully  by  Sir  George  Barlow} 
William   Owen,    Esq.    (afterwards    Bart),    of 

Orielton,  vice  Ferrers  dec.         .         .         .I?22 

GEORGE  II. 

William  Owen,  Esq.  (the  same)      .        .  «74' 

[Contested  by  Rawleigh  Manse!,  Esq.,  of 

Abercyfor,  Carm.] 
Hugh  Barlow,  Esq.  (formerly  Owen),  of  Law- 

renny  [vice  Owen,  who  took  the  County]  .     1747 


GEORGE  III. 
Sir  William  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton 


1761 


A.D. 

'774 
1780 


1790 
1796 

1809 


1809 
1813 


1813 

1815 


Hugh  Owen,  Esq.  [son  of  last  Member]. 

Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Bart,  (the  same),  of  Orielton 
[Contest :  Votes  for  Owen,  1,089  ;  for  Lord 
Milford,  912.] 

Hugh  Barlow,  Esq.  (form.  Owen),  of  Lawrenny 

Hugh  Barlow,  Esq.  (the  same) 

Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton  [son  of 
Member  for  1780] 

Sir  John  Owen  (formerly  Lord),  vice  Owen  dec. 
[succ.,  on  decease  of  Sir  Hugh,  to  estates 
of  Orielton,  but  not  to  title,  and  was 
created  a  baronet] 

Sir  John  Owen,  Bart,  of  Orielton  . 

[Contested  by  John  Hensleigh  Allen,  Esq.] 

Gen.  Sir  Thomas  Picton,  K.B.,  of  Poyston, 
[vice  Owen,  who  took  the  County]  . 

John  Jones,  Esq.  [vice  Picton.killed  at  Waterloo] 

John  Hensleigh  Allen,  Esq 

GEORGE  IV. 

John  Hensleigh  Allen,  Esq.  (the  same)  . 

Hugh  Owen  Owen,  Esq.  [now  Sir  Hugh,  2nd 
Bart. ;  sat  till  1838  through  five  elections 
unopposed] 


WILLIAM  IV. 
Hugh  Owen  Owen,  Esq.  (the  same)        .        .1830 

VICTORIA. 

Sir  James  R.  G.  Graham,  Bart.,  vice  Owen 

resigned 

Sir  John  Owen,  Bart.,  of  Orielton  . 
[Contest :  Votes,  Sir  John  246 ;  Hugh   0. 
Owen  (his  son)  172;  James  Mark  Child 
84.     Sir  John  sat  till  his  decease  in  1 86 1 .  ] 
Sir  Hugh  Owen  Owen,  vice  Owen  dec.    . 

[Contest :  Votes  Owen  668,  Hardwick  304]. 
Thomas  Charlton-Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Bush 
[Contest:  Votes  for  Charlton-Meyrick  1,419. 
Owen.  1,049.] 

[The  f  resent  sitting  Member,  1872.] 


1820 


1838 
1841 


1861 
1868 


.— Members  of  Parliament  for  the 


EDWARD  VI. 


Town  and  County  of  Haverfordwest,  from  A.D.    1547 
to  A.D.  1872. 


Richard  Howell,  Gent 

Richard  Howell,  Gent,  (the  same)  . 

MARY. 

Richard  Tailour,  Gent. 

Richard  Howell,  Gent 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 
Richard  Hordell  (query  Howell  ?),  Gent. 


1547 
»553 


1553 
1554 


1554 


John  Button,  Gent.         .        .        •        •        • 
Thomas  ap  Owen,  Gent,  [probably  of  Pentre- 

JSvan] '557 

ELIZABETH. 

Hugh  Harries,    Esq.    of  Haverfordwest  [son 

of  Sir  Hugh  Harris,  Kt]         .         .         •  '558 

Rhys  Morgan,  Esq.  [perhaps  of  Iscoed,  Carvt.]  1563 

John  Garvans,  Gent '571 

Rhys  Morgan,  Esq.  (same  as  for  1563)     .         .  I573 


890 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


A.D. 

Alban  Stepney,  Esq.,  of  Prendergast  [S.  1590]  1585-6 
Sir  John  Perrott,  Kt.  [of  Scotsborough?]         .      1588 

Sir  Nicholas  Clifford,  Kt 1592 

James  Perrott,  Esq.  [prob.  of  Haroldston]        .     1597 
John  Canon,  Gent.  [Kilgetty  family]        .         .      1601 

JAMES  I. 

Sir  James  Perrott,  Kt.,  of  Haroldston     .         .  1603 

Sir  James  Perrott,  Kt.  (the  same)    .         .         .  1614 

Sir  James  Perrott.  Kt.  (the  same)   .         .         .  1620 
Lewis  Powell,  Gent.  [M.P.  for  Pembroke  1620. 

The  Powells  were  afterwards  of  Greenhill]  1623 

CHARLES  I. 

Sir  Thomas  Canon,  Kt  [of  Cilgetty]       .         .     1625 
Sir  James  Perrott,  Kt.,  of  Haroldston     .         .      1628 
Hugh  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Orielton.      1st  session     .) 
Sir  John  Stepney,  2nd  Bart.         \  2nd  session     {  l64° 
Sir  Robert  Needham,  Kt.  .         .} 

COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 
The  "  Barebones  "  Parliament.     Six  members 

summoned  for  all  Wales,  see  p.  606]         .     1653 

OLIVER  CROMWELL,    LORD   PROTECTOR. 


John  Upton,  Esq.  [place  unknown] 
John  Upton,  Esq.  (the  same) . 


1654 
1656 


RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 
John  Upton,  Esq.  (the  same)  .  .  .  1658-9 

CHARLES  II. 

\_Mcmbersfrom  the  Restoration  to  1715  notfouud.~\ 

GEORGE  I. 

John  Laugharne,  Esq.  [probably  of  St.  Bride's]  1714 
Sir  George  Barlow,  Bart.,  of  Slebech  [vice 

Laugharne,  dec.     Contest :  Votes  for  Sir 

George  Barlow  222  ;  for  John  Barlow  181. 

On  petition  the  latter  seated]  .  .  .  1715 
Sir  John  Philipps,  of  Picton  Castle,  vice  Barlow 

deceased  .         .         .         .         .         .         .1718 

Francis  Edwardes  [prob.  of  Trefgarn, — see 

Sealyham"]        ......     1722 

Erasmus  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Picton  Castle  [son 

of  Sir  John,  at  whose  decease  in  1736  he 

sufc.  as  5th  Bart.]    .....     1726 


A.D 

Erasmus  Philipps,  Esq.  (the  same)  .         .      1734 

[Seat  contested  by  IVyrriot  Owen.] 

GEORGE  II. 

Sir  Erasmus  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle     1741 
[Contest :  Votes  for  Philipps  247,   for  Hugh 

Barlow,  207.] 
Sir  George   Barlow,    Bart.,    of  Slebech,   vice 

Philipps  dec.    ......      1743 

William  Edwardes  [son  of  M.  for  1722  ;  sat  till 

1784]       ....  .         .     1747 

GEORGE  III. 

William  Edwardes  (the  same)          .         .         .  1760 

William  Edwardes,  cr.  Baron  Kensington        .  1776 

Lord  Milford,  vice  Kensington         .         .         .  1784 

Lord  Kensington,  vice  Milford,  who  sat  for  co.  1 786 
William,  2nd  Lord  Kensington,  vice  his  father, 

deceased 1802 

Lord  Kensington    ......  1812 

[Seat  contested  :  Votes  for  Kensington  220  ; 

for  Nathaniel  Phillips  98.] 

William  Henry  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  New  Moat  1818 

GEORGE  IV. 

Richard  Bulkeley  Philipps,  Esq.,  Picton  Castle     1826 
[Assumed  name  Philipps   for  Grant ;  cr.  a 
Bart.    1828,    and   succ.  to  Picton   estates 
1833  ;  cr.  Baron  Milford  1847  ;  d.  1857.] 

WILLIAM  IV. 

Sir  R.  B.  P.  Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle     1830 
William  Henry  Scourfield,  Esq.,  of  Moat         .     1835 
[Contest:  Votes  for  Scourfield  251,  for  S. 
H.  Peel  125.] 

VICTORIA. 

Sir  R.  B.  P.   Philipps,  Bart.,  of  Picton  Castle     1837 

[Contest:  Votes  :  Philipps  247;  Scourfield 125.] 
Sir  R.  B.  P.  Philipps,  Bart,  (the  same)   .         .     1841 
J.  H.  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Williamston        .          .     1852 
Hon.  William  Edwardes,  vice  Scourfield,  who 

took  the  Co 1868 

The  same,  as  Lord  Kensington        .         .         .     1871 
[The present  sitting  Member,  1872.] 


SECTION  VII.— COUNTY  MAGISTRATES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE,  1872. 
(CORRECTED  TO  DATE  BY  THE  CLERK  OF  THE  PEACE.) 


Cawdor,  The  Earl  of,  Stackpool  Court,  Pembroke. 
Lord  Kensington,  12,  John  Street,  Berkeley  Square, 

London. 

Viscount  Emlyn,  Stackpool  Court,  Pembroke. 
Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Bart.,  Reform  Club,  London. 
Hon.  William  Henry  Yelverton,  Whitland  Abbey. 


Sir  James  John  Hamilton.  Bart.,  Llanstephan,  Carm. 
Sir  Thomas  Davies  Lloyd,  Bart.,  of  Bronwydd,  Card. 
Ackland,  Robert  Dudley,  Esq  ,  of  Boulston. 
Adams,  John,  Esq.,  of  Hollyland,  Pembroke. 
Allen,  Charles  Hugh,  Esq.,  of  Letterston. 
Allen,  Charles,  Esq.,  Tenby. 


COUNTY  MAGISTRATES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


891 


Allen,  George  Baugh,  Esq.,  of  Kilrhiw,  Narberth. 

Allen,  Henry  Seymour,  Esq.,  of  Cresselly,  Pembroke. 

Allen,  James,  Chancellor,  Castlemartin. 

Barbara,  Charles  Henry,  Clerk,  of  Trecwn,  Fishguard. 

Berrington,  William  Morgan  Davies,  Clerk,  Druidston. 

Beynon,  John,  Esq.,  the  younger,  Trewern,  Narberth 

Beynon,  John  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Trewern,  Narberth. 

Bowen,  Chas.  W.  Townsend  Webb,  Esq. ,  of  Camrose. 

Bowen,  James  Bevan,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair,  New- 
port, Pembr. 

Bowen,  James,  Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest. 

Bowen,  James,  Esq.,  of  Troedyraur,  Cardigan. 

Brenchley,  Thomas  Harman,  Esq.,  of  Glan-eirw,  Card. 

Brigstocke,  William  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Blaenpant,  New- 
castle Emlyn. 

Bryant,  James  Robertson,  Esq.,  of  Pembroke. 

Buck,  William,  Esq.,  Plasnewydd,  N.  Castle  Emlyn. 

Buckby,  R.  H.,  Esq.,  Begelly,  Narberth. 

Buckby,  Richard,  Clerk,  of  Begelly,  Narberth. 

Clark,  Frederick  Guy  L'Estrange,  Esq.,  Pembroke. 

Colby,  John,  Esq.,  of  Fynone,  Newcastle  Emlyn. 

Colby,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Pant-y-deri,  Eglwyswrw. 

Davies,  Arthur  H.  Saunders,  Esq.,  of  Pentre. 

Davies,  David,  Esq.,  of  Cardigan. 

Davies,  Gilbert  William  Warren,  Esq.,  of  Trewarren. 

Davies,  Owen  Edmund,  Esq.,  Haverfordwest. 

Davies,  Robert  Pavin,  Esq.,  Ridgeway,  Narberth. 

Davies,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Bank  House,  Cardigan. 

Davies,  Thomas  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Hayston. 

Douglas,  Charles,  Clerk,  Pembroke. 

Dunn,  Nicholas  John,  Esq.,  of  Elm  Grove,  Tenby. 

Dunn,  Thomas  Higgon,  Clerk,  Tenby. 

Dyster,  Frederick  Daniel,  Esq.,  Tenby. 

Edwardes,  Owen  Tucker,  Esq.,  Trerhos,   Haverford. 

Evans,  Benjamin,  Esq.,  Kidigill,  Cardigan. 

Fitzwilliams,  Edward  C.  Lloyd,  Esq.,  Adpar,  Card. 

Griffith,  Moses,  Esq.,  of  Manorowen,  Fishguard. 

Harford,  Summers,  Esq. ,  of  Clarbeston  Grange. 

Harries,  Cecil  Anscn,  Esq.,  of  Llanunwas. 

Harries,  George  Augustus,  Esq.,  of  Hilton. 

Harries,  Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  Cefendref,  Fishguard. 

Harries,  John  Henry,  Esq.,  Heathfield,  Letterston. 

Hartley,  Milham,  Esq.,  Bridell,  Cardigan. 

Harvey,  John,  Esq.,  Haverfordwest. 

Higgon,  James,  Esq.,  of  Scolton. 

Higgon,  John,  Esq.,  14,  Marlborough  Hill,  St. 
John's  Wood,  London. 

Howell,  Hugh,  Clerk,  Llanfirnach. 

Hulm,  William,  Esq  ,  Pembroke. 

Jackson,  Thomas  Thompson,  Esq.,  New  Milford. 

James,  John,  Esq.,  Trenewydd. 

James,  John  T.  William,  Esq.,  of  Pantsaison. 

Jones,  John  Morgan,  Esq.,  Llanllwch  House,  Car- 
marthen. 

Jones,  Richard  Bowen,  Clerk,  Kilmaenllwyd,  Narberth. 

Jordan,  George  Bowen  Price,  Esq.,  of  Pigeonsford. 

Leach,  Francis  George,  Clerk,  St.  Petrox,  Pembroke. 

Leach,  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Corston,  Pembroke. 

Lewellin,  Llewelyn,  Dean  of  St.  David's,  Lampeter 
College. 


Lewes,  William  Price,  Esq.,  Llysynewydd,  Llandysil. 
Lewis,  John  Lennox  Griffith  Poyer,  Esq.,  of  Henllan, 

Narberth. 

Lewis,  William  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Clynfyw,  N.C.,  Emlyn. 
Lloyd,  J.  F.  Jones,  Esq.,  Llancych,  Llandyssil. 
Lloyd,  Thomas  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Kilrhue,  Cardigan. 
Lloyd,  William,  Clerk,  Manordivy,  Cardigan. 
Massy,  Edward  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Cottesmoor. 
Mathias,  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Lamphey  Court,  Pembroke. 
Morgan,  Howard  Spear,  Esq.,  Tegfynydd,  Narberth. 
Morison,  Alexander  John,  Esq.,  Portclew,  Pembroke. 
Owen,  Morris  Williams  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Cwmgloyne. 
Owen,  William,  Esq.,  Withybush,  Haverford  West. 
Owen,  William  Herbert  Gwynne,  Esq.,  Narberth. 
Owen,  William  Stephenson,  Esq.,  Haverfordwest. 
Peel,  Xavier  de  Castanos  Royds,  Esq.,  of  Glanafon. 
Phelps,  John,  Clerk,  Carew,  Pembroke. 
Phelps,  Peter,  Clerk,  Ambleston. 
Philipps,  Frederick  L.  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Panty-park. 
Philipps,  John  Allen  Lloyd,  Esq.,  Mabus,  Cardigan. 
Philipps,  John  Allen  Philipps  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Dale 

Castle. 

Powell,  Walter  Rice  Howell,  Esq.,  of  Maesgwynne. 
Price,  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Pigyn,  Carmarthen. 
Rees,  George  Richards  Graham,  Esq.,  of  Penllwyn. 
Rees,  William,  Esq.,  of  Scoveston,  Haverford  West. 
Richardson,  William,  Clerk,  Canon  of  St.  Davids. 
Roberts,  John  Davies,  Esq.,  London. 
Roberts,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Milford. 
Roch,  Nicholas  Adamson,  Esq.,  of  Pasketon,  Pemb. 
Rowe,  George,  Esq.,  Haverfordwest. 
Sanders,  Henry,  Esq.,  Tenby. 
Saunders,  Samuel  Walker,  Clerk,  St.  Ishmael's. 
Saurin,  Mark  Anthony,  Esq.,  of  Orielton,  Pembroke. 
Scourfield,  John  Henry,  Esq.,  M. P.,  of  Williamston, 

Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions. 

Scourfield,  Owen  Henry  Philipps,  Esq.,  Williamston. 
Skone,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Haroldston  House. 
Stanley,  Edmund  Stanley,  Clerk. 
Starbuck,  Alfred  Basset,  Esq.,  Milford. 
Stokes,  John,  Esq.,  of  Cuffem,  Haverford  West. 
Summers,  James  Bowlas,  Esq.,  of  Moor,  H.  West. 
Summers,  J.  Bowen,  Esq.,  Milton,  Pembroke. 
Sutton,  John  Maule,  Esq.,  Landshipping. 
Thomas,  Theophilus  Evan,  Esq.,  Trehale,  Mathry. 
Thomas,  Thomas  Reece,  Esq.,   of  Lampeter  House, 

Narberth. 

Thomas,  Richard  James  Harries,  Clerk,  Pembroke. 
Thomas,  William  Beach,  Clerk,  Canon  of  St.  David's, 

Steynton,  Milford. 

Tombs,  Joseph,  Clerk,  Burton,  Haverford  West. 
Walcott,  Henry  Lyons,  Esq.,  St.  David's. 
Walters,  William,  Esq.,  Haverfordwest. 
Ward,  Robert,  Esq.,  Sodson,  Narberth. 
Watkins,  William,  Esq.,  Pembroke. 
Wells,  Charles  Cook,  Esq.,  Penally,  Tenby. 
Williams,  Ben  Thomas,  Esq.,  Merryvale,  Narberth. 
Williams,  Samuel  Propert,  Esq.,  of  Lamphey  Park, 

Pembroke. 
Worthington,  John,  Esq.,  Glynamel,  Fishguard. 


THE   COUNTY   FAMILIES   OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


ACKLAND,  Robert  Dudley,  Esq.,  of  Boulston, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  of  the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  Freeman 
and  J.  P.  of  the  co.  of  the  town  of  Haver- 
fordwest;  formerly  served  in  the  Queen's 
2nd  Dragoon  Guards  (Bays) ;  a  Com- 
missioner of  Income  Tax,  &c. ;  son  of  the 
late  Robert  Innes  Ackland,  Esq.,  of  Boul- 
ston, J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  the  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, who  also  served  in  the  79th  in 
seven  general  engagements  inthe  Peninsular 
War  (d.  22nd  Nov.,  1851);  b.  at  Cottrell, 
Glamorganshire,  1820;  eii.  at  Eton;  m., 
1847,  to  Elizabeth  Mary  Lloyd,  dau.  of 
John  Philipps  Allen  Lloyd-Philipps,  Esq., 
of  Dale  Castle,  co.  of  Pembroke,  and  of 
Mabus,  co.  of  Cardigan,  and  has  issue — 

1.  Dudley  John  Innes. 

2.  Robert. 

3.  Innes  Baldwin. 

4.  Jane. 

5.  Emily  Winifred. 

6.  Lillian  Constance. 

Heir:  Dudley  John  Innes  Ackland. 
Residence:  Boulston,  near  Haverfordwest. 

LINEAGE. 

From  the  monuments  in  the  interesting  little 
church  of  Boulston  (among  which  are  several  to 
the  great  family  of  Wogan,  formerly  possessors  of 
the  estate,  see  Wogans  of  Boulston,  Picton,  Wiston, 
and  passim)  it  is  seen  that  Dudley  Ackland, 
Esq.,  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  North  America, 
in  1748,  and  descended  from  the  family  of  Ackland 
of  Trennington,  in  Devonshire,  having  attained  the 
rank  of  Major  in  the  gist  Regt.  Foot,  m.,  1783, 
Jane,  dau.  of  Francis  Innes,  Esq.,  of  Dublin,  and 
after  a  residence  of  several  years  at  Pembroke, 
purchased  in  1797  the  estate  of  Boulston,  and  erected 
the  present  mansion  on  a  more  elevated  spot  in  the 
grounds  than  the  site  of  the  ancient  house  now  in 
ruins.  He  d,  Oct.  4,  1809.  His  son, — 

Robert  Innes  Ackland,  Esq.,  entered  the  army- 
and  rendered  distinguished  service  under  Wei 
lington,  ;».  Caroline,  dau.  of  Admiral  Sir  Charles 
Tyler,  G  C.B.  (see  Tyler  of  Cottrell,  Glam.),  and 
had  issue  the  following  sons  : — 

1.  ROUERT   DUDLEY,    now    of    Boulston    (as 
above). 

2.  Charles,  d.  Aug.  31,  1858,  act.  34. ' 

3.  Frederick,    civil    engineer,  d.   July  6,   1858, 
at.  29. 

4.  Henry,  I.ieut.  in  R.  Pembroke  Art.   Militia, 
d.  May  31,  1860,  at.  29 


5.  Robert  Innes  Ackland,  Esq. ;  is  in  the  Civil 
Service  at  Somerset  House ;  in.  Jane,  elder  dau.  of 
Dr.  Henry  Brown,  of  Mortlake,  Surrey. 

Note. — The  ruins  of  the  old  mansion  of  Boulston, 
formerly  Buhion,  the  residence  of  the  ancient  family 
of  the  Wogans,  adjoin  the  grounds.  The  church  of 
Boulston,  rebuilt  by  Robert  Innes  Ackland,  Esq.,  in 
1843,  is  also  in  the  grounds,  and  is  a  "peculiar"  in  the 
gift  of  the  family.  A  tumulus,  also  in  the  grounds,  is 
spoken  of  by  Fenton  in  his  Pembrokeshire  (p.  237)  as 
being  300  feet  in  circumference  and  twelve  feet  high 
at  the  apex  ;  it  was  opened  in  his  presence,  and  yielded 
near  the  surface  "a  small  urn  with  its  mouth  up  very 
unusually,  covered  with  a  thin  flag,  and  nothing  in 
it;"  about  three  feet  lower  "  a  rude  cist,  lined  with  a 
sort  of  clay,  containing  '  half-calcined  bones  '  mingled 
with  charcoal,  having  in  the  midst  a  flint  with  a  broad 
end,  grown  smooth  evidently  by  attrition,  as  if  it  had 
long  been  in  the  habit  of  polishing  some  hard  sub- 
stance." Fenton  was  not  aware  that  this  was  an 
implement  or  tool  of  the  "  neolithic  age,"  made  smooth 
and  sharp  on  purpose  for  cutting.  The  approach  of 
night  and  bad  weather  caused  the  explorers  to  stop 
their  work  with  this  discovery,  and  possibly  the 
tumulus  has  never  yet  been  thoroughly  examined. 
Fenton  adds  that  other  but  smaller  barrows  lay  near 
the  large  one.  See  further  under  Boulston,  at  p.  834. 


ADAMS,  John,  Esq.,  of  HoUyland,  Pembroke- 
shire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
Sheriff  for  the  same  county  1837  ;  son  of 
John  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Hollyland,  by  Sophia, 
dau.  of  the  late  Yen.  Archdeacon  Hoi- 
combe,  M.A. ;  b.  at  Market  Harborough 
1796;  ed.  at  Brasenose  College,  Oxford; 
m.,  July  25th  1828,  Anne  (d.  1864),  dau. 
of  Henry  Gibbons,  Esq.,  of  Oswestry,  co. 
Salop ;  s.  to  estates  1833  ;  has  surviving 
issue, — 

1.  John  A.  Philipps,  Capt.  R.A.,  b.  1831. 

2.  Henry  Joseph,  b.  1835. 

3.  Augusta  Mary. 

4.  Frances  Louisa. 

5.  Agnes  Anne. 

Heir:  John  Alexander  Philipps  Adams. 

Residence  :  Hollyland,  near  Pembroke. 

Arms:  Quarterly,  1st  and  4th  arg.,  a  cross 
gu.,  thereon  five  mullets  or — (f)e  Paterchurch) ; 
2nd  and  yd,  sa.,  a  martlet  arg.,  the  ancient  arms 
of  ALIAMS. 

Crest :  A  martlet,  as  in  the  arms. 

Motto  :  Certior  in  coclo  clumus. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


893 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Nicholas 
Adams,  of  Buckspool,  co.  of  Pembroke,  circa  1370. 
We  have  two  good  authorities  for  the  genealogy  of 
this  ancient  family  in  Lewys  Dwnn's  Visitations  and 
the  Dale  Castle  MS.  Though  independent  of  each 
other,  they  agree  in  making  John  Adams  (son  of 
Nicholas  aforesaid)  to  be  the  husband  of  Alson  or 
Elen,  dau.  of  David  Patrick-Church,  otherwise 
called  De  Patrick-Church,  from  the  place  or  parish 
where  he  had  lands— afterwards  called  Pater- 
Church,  and  now  Pater.  John  was  succ.  by  his 
son, — 

William  Adams,  who  m.,  according  to  Dwnn, 
Alson  (£>.  Castle  MS.,  Margaret),  dau.  of  Sir 
William  Herbert,  of  Troy,  cr.  afterwards  Earl  of 
Pembroke.  Here  we  ascertain  the  period,  for  Sir 
William  Herbert  was  made  Earl  of  Pembroke  in 
8th  Edward  IV.,  or  1468  (see  Herbert  of  Llanarth, 
P-  777)»  a"d  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Lancas- 
trians after  the  battle  of  Danes'  Moor,  26th  July, 
1469,  was  beheaded  at  Banbury  the  day  following. 
A  great  grandson  of  William, — 

Harri  Adams,  was  in  possession  of  Hpllyland 
when  Lewys  Dwnn,  as  deputy  herald,  visited  the 
place  in  1591,  and  he  signed  the  pedigree  which 
Dwnn  then  made  out,  "  Harry  Adams. ''  He  was, 
as  our  deputy  herald  expresses  it,  "Dustus  off  the 
Pies  in  the  kowntie  of  Pembrwck,"  and  m.  Ann, 
dau.  of  Richard  Wogan,  Esq.,  of  Boveston,  by 
Maud,  dau.  of  "Sir  Thomas  Ffylips,"  of  Picton. 
His  son  Nicholas  was  succ.  by  William  (1608),  he 
by  Nicholas  (1650),  whose  grandson, — 

William  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Hollyland,  was  succ. 
by  his  son, — 

William  Adams,  Esq.,  also  of  Hollyland,  who 
m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  Campbell,  Esq.,  of 
Stackpool,  and  with  other  issue  left  an  eldest  son,— 

John  Philipps  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Hollyland, 
father  of — 

John  Adams,  Esq.,  of  Hollyland,  who  by  his 
wife,  Sophia  Holcombe  (m.  1795),  left  a  son,— 

JOHN  ADAMS,  ESQ.,  (as  above). 

ffote. — The   date  of  the  erection  of  Itollyland  is 

unknown,  but  the  lands  came  info  the  possession  of 

the  Adams  family  in  the  year   1422.  See  further 
Pater-Church,  p.  836. 


ALLEN,  Charles  Hugh,  Esq.,  of  Priskilly  Forest, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  third,  but 
only  surviving  son  of  the  late  Charles  Bowen 
Allen,  Esq.,  of  Rickeston  Hall,  Pembroke- 
shire, by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  Bowen, 
Esq.  ;  b.  at  Haverfordwest,  1831  ;  m., 
1856,  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  Thomas 
Richard  Sanders,  Esq.,  of  Clifton,  Bristol ; 
and  has  issue  3  sons  and  i  dau. 

Heir:  Allen  Charles  Allen,  *.  1857. 

Residence:  Priskilly  Forest,  Letterston,  R.S.O. 

Arms  :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  a  bend  rompu 
gu.  between  six  martlets  sa. ;  2nd,  ermine,  on  a 
canton  gu.  an  owl  arg. ;  3rd,  az.,  a  chevron 
between  three  plates,  each  charged  with  an 
ermine  spot  gu. 

Crest:  A  dove  with  an  olive  branch. 

Motto  :  Amicitia  sine  fiaude. 


ALLEN,  Henry-Seymour,  Esq.,  of  Cresselly, 
Pembrokeshire. 

D.  L.  and  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke, 
formerly  Cornet  and  Sub-Lieut,  ist  Life 
Guards;  Capt.  Castlemartin,  Yeomanry 
Cavalry;  son  of  Seymour-Philipps  Allen, 
Esq.  (J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  Pembrokeshire, 
and  High  Sheriff  for  the  same,  1849), 
and  the  Lady  Catherine,  dau.  of  Newton, 
fourth  Earl  of  Portsmouth ;  b.  at  Cresselly, 
3oth  August,  1847;  ed.  at  Harrow;  s.  to 
estates  1861. 

Heir  Presumptive:  His  brother,  Frederick- 
Seymour,  b.  1849,  Lieut.  I5th  Foot. 

Residence:  Cresselly,  co.  of  Pembroke. 

Toiun  Address :  Brooks's,  St.  James's  Street. 

Arms:  Per  bend  rompu  arg.  and  sa.,  six 
martlets  counterchanged. 

Crest :  A  dove  with  olive  branch  ppr. 

Motto :  Amicitia  sine  fraude. 

LINEAGE. 

This  honourable  family  derives  descent  from 
Thomas  Allen,  of  Gelliswick,  who  is  said  to  have 
served  with  Cromwell  in  Ireland.  John  [William?] 
Allen,  fourth  in  descent  from  Thomas,  and  Sheriff 
of  Pembrokeshire  in  1732  (see  Sheriffs,  co.  Pembr.), 
m.  Joan  Bartlett,  heiress  of  Cresselly,  1723,  ever 
since  which  time  the  family  have  resided  at 
Cresselly. 

They  have  intermarried  with  Hertford  (Marquess 
of),  Sismondi  (the  historian),  Sir  James  Mackin- 
tosh, Drewe  of  Grange,  co.  of  Devon,  Bayning 
(Baron),  &c. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Cresselly  stands  on  the 
margin  of  an  arm  of  Milford  Haven,  and  is  surrounded 
on  all  sides  by  a  landscape  of  great  beauty.  Die 
house,  originally  built  in  1770,  was  enlarged  by  the 
present  owner  in  1869. 


ABDEN,  Richard  Edward,  Esq.,  of  Pontfaon, 
Pembrokeshire. 

High  Sheriff  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke 
1872;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  Middlesex; 
F.G.S. ;  F.R.G.S. ;  patron  of  three  livings  ; 
second  son  of  the  late  Joseph  Arden,  Esq., 
of  Islington,  Middlesex  ;  b.  1804;  m.,  first, 
1832,  Fanny  (d.  1836),  dau.  of  John 
Whitsed,  Esq.,  M.D.  ;  secondly,  1839, 
Mary,  dau.  of  John  Finney,  Esq.,  and  has, 
besides  other  children,  a  son, — 

Percy,  b.  1840;  ed.  at  Harrow  and 
Brasenose  Coll.,  Oxford ;  a  barrister  of 
the  Inner  Temple. 


Residences :  Pontfaen,  near  Fishguard  ;    Sun- 
bury  Park,  Middlesex. 


894 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


BABHAlf,  lev.  Charles   Henry,  of  Trecwn, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Was  once  M.P.  for  Appleby ;  J.  P.  for 
Pembrokeshire  and  Westmoreland ;  son 
of  Joseph  Foster  Barham,  Esq.,  M.P.  for 
Stockbridge,  and  Lady  Caroline,  2nd  dau. 
of  Sackville,  8th  Earl  of  Thanet ;  b.  in 
London  1808;  ed.  at  Ch.  Ch.,  Oxford; 
grad.  M.A. ;  m.  ist,  in  1836,  Elizabeth 
Maria,  dau.  of  William  Boyd  Ince,  Esq.,  of 
Ince,  co.  Lancaster ;  andly,  Ellen  Cathe- 
rine, dau.  of  E.  T.  Massy,  Esq.,  of  Cotts- 
moor,  co.  Pembroke,  only  son  of  the  Hon. 
E.  Massy.  (See  Massy  of  Cottsmoor.) 

Residence:  Trecwn,  Haverfordwest. 

Town  Address :  Arthur's  Club,  St.  James's  St. 

Arms:  Quarterly,  Barham,  Foster,  andTufton 
(as  heir-at-law  to  the  late  Earl  of  Thanet). 

Crests:  A  heron  among  bulrushes — BARHAM  ; 
an  arm  in  armour  embowed,  holding  the  head  of 
a  broken  spear — FOSTER  ;  on  a  wreath  a  sea-lion 
sejant  ppr. — TUFTON. 

Mottoes :  Tout  bien  ou  rien.  Si  fractus  fortis. 
Fiel  pero  Desdicado. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  (whose  name  was  Foster}  derives  its 
descent  from  the  ancient  family  of  Foster,  or  Forster, 
or  Forester,  a  border  clan  of  Northumberland  A.  D. 
911,  one  of  whose  descendants.  Joseph  Foster,  took 
the  name  of  Barham  in  1749  by  act  of  parliament. 
His  son,  Joseph  Foster  Barham,  m.  Dorothea 
Vaughan,  of  Trecwn,  Pembr.,  whose  family  came 
from  an  ancient  race  in  Monmouthshire  and  Bre- 
conshire,  and  who  settled  in  Pembrokeshire  in  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII. 

The  Barhams  are  found  in  England  soon  after 
the  Conquest  at  Barham  Court  and  Barham  Downs 
in  Kent.  One  of  them,  Sir  Randall  Fitz  Urse, 
was  concerned  in  the  murder  of  A'Becket  in 
Canterbury  Cathedral  A.D.  1170,  being  one  of  the 
four  king's  knights,  and  in  consequence  fled  the 
country.  One  of  his  relations  took  possession  of 
his  estate,  and  assumed  the  surname  Barham  from 
it,  and  from  him  it  descended  in  unbroken  line  to 
Barth  Barham,  who  did  homage  for  it  to  Archbishop 
Wareham,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  In  his  posterity  it 
continued  till  Thomas  Barham,  temp.  James  I. 
alienated  it.  His  descendant,  Dr.  Barham,  a 
learned  and  distinguished  author,  b.  1680,  went  to 
Jamaica  and  m.  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Thomas  John 
Foster.  His  descendant, — 

Joseph  Foster  Barham,  Esq.,  inherited  Trecwn, 
Pemb. ,  from  his  aunt,  Airs.  Martha  Vaughan,  the 
last  of  the  ancient  and  honourable  family  of  that 
name  from  Monmouthshire,  above  mentioned  (see 
Fenton's  Pembrokeshire].  His  son, — 

Joseph  Foster  Barham,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Stock- 
bridge  for  about  fifty  years,  m.  the  Lady  Caroline 
Tufton,  dau.  of  Sackville  Tufton,  eighth  Earl  of 
Thanet,  by  whom  he  had  five  children. 

1.  Mary,  m.  Count  Gaggiotti. 

2.  John   Foster,   m.    Lady   Catherine   Grimston 
(who   after   her   husband's  death    m.    the  Earl  of 
Clarendon),  was  M.  P.  for  Kendal,  and  d.  s.  p. 

3.  William,  d.  s.  p. 

4.  CHARLES  HENRY,  now  of  Trecwn  (as  above). 

5.  Caroline  Gertrude,  ;«.  the  Rev.   Saunderson 
Robins,  and  has  issue. 


BEYNON,  John  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Trewern, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  ;  son  of  the 
late  John  Beynon,  Esq.,  of  Trewern ;  b. 
1807  ;  m.,  1829,  Catherine,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Charles  Allen  Philipps,  Esq.,  of 
St.  Bride's  Hill  (of  the  Cresselly  family, 
and  assumed  name  Philipps),  and  has 
issue, — 

John,  b.  1829  ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke. 

Residence :  Trewern,  near  Narberth. 

BOWE1T,  Charles  Wheeler   Townsend  ¥ebb- 
Esq.,  of  Camrose,  Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  High 
Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1836 ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Hugh  Webb-Bowen,  Esq..  of 
Camrose,  who  was  son  of  George  Webb, 
Esq.,  of  Hasguard,  in  the  same  co.  of 
Pembroke,  by  his  wife,  Anne  Bowen, 
ultimate  heiress  of  Camrose.  Hugh  Webb 
succ.  to  the  estate  in  1821,  when  he 
assumed  the  surname  and  arms  of  Bowen 
in  addition  to  his  own.  He  was  twice  m., 
and  left,  with  other  issue,  Cfiarles  Wlieeler 
Townsend,  as  above,  who  is  umn. 

Residence:  Camrose  House,  Haverfordwest. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  a  lion 
rampant  sa. — BOWEN  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  a  fesse 
between  three  owls  or — WEBB. 

Crest :  A  lion  rampant  as  in  the  arms. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Bowens  of  Camrose  and  Wolfsdale  "  were 
offsets"  of  the  line  of  John  Bowen  of  Llech-meilir 
(now  often  named  Lochmeyler),  and  his  wife  Ivan, 
dau.  and  h.  of  William  Roblyn,  of  Roblinston,  co. 
of  Pemb.,  about  the  time  of  Henry  IV.  (Fentoit). 

BO¥BN,  James  Beyan,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair, 
Pembrokeshire. 

M.P.  for  co.  Pemb.  1866  to  1868;  Vice- 
Chairman  Pemb.  Quarter  Sessions  (ap- 
pointed 1870);  was  High  Sheriff  Pemb., 
1862  ;  Mayorof  Newport,  Pemb.,  1870-71. 
J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Pemb.  and  Cardigan; 
and  D.  L.  cos.  Pemb.  and  Carmarthen  ; 
a  member  of  the  Inner  Temple ;  son  of 
the  late  George  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn- 
gwair, and  Sarah  his  wife,  dau.  of  J. 
Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Long-House,  co.  of 
Pemb.  ;  b.  at  Llwyngwair,  aist  May,  1828; 
ed.  at  King's  Coll.,  London,  and  Worcester 
Coll.,  Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  1849,  M.A. 
1851;  s.  1856;  ;».,  6th,  May,  1857, 
Harriette,  youngest  o'au.  of  the  late  Rev. 
John  Standly,  of  Southoe,  Hants;  has 
issue — 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


895 


1.  George  Bevan,b.  1858. 

2.  James  Robert,  b.  1860. 

3.  Blanche  Harriette,  b.  1864. 

Heir :  George  Bevan  Bowen. 

Residence:  Llwyngwair,  near  Newport,  Pemb. 

Town  Address  :  United  University  Club,  S.W. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  az.,  a  lion 
rampant  or  between  eight  bezants  ;  2nd,  gu. ,  a 
chevron  or  between  two  knots  in  chief,  and  a  lion 
rampant  or  in  base  ;  3rd,  az.,  a  hawk  ppr. 

Crest :  A  lion  rampant  or,  holding  in  the  paws 
a  knot  as  in  the  arms. 

Malta :  Audaces  fortuna  juvat 

LINEAGE. 

The  Bowens  of  Llwyngwair,  previous  to  the 
beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century  seated  at 
Pentre-Evan,  in  the  same  co.  of  Pemb.,  trace  an 
unbroken  descent  from  the  poet-prince  Gwyn- 
fardd  Dyfed  (living  A.D.  1038),  who  was  himself 
of  the  lineage  of  Meurig,  an  early  King  of  Dyfed. 
A  careful  collation  of  the  Dale  Castle  or  Malnos 
MS.  with  Lewys  Dwnn,  the  Golden  Grove  MS., 
&c.,  results  in  the  following  reliable  genealogy  :  — 
G wynfardd  was  s.  by  his  son,  — 

Cyhylyn,  Prince  of  Dyfed,  who  m.  Gvvrangen 
Fein-droeJ  ("  the  slender-footed'),  dau.  and  h.  of 
Sir  Tristram,  Comes  or  Earl  of  Worcester.  His 
son, — 

Gwrwared  of  Cemmaes  (corrupted  "Kemeys"), 
s.  about  1195. 

The  princely  character  was  now  lost,  for  Cem- 
maes had  been  made  a  Norman  barony,  and  the 
native  lords  held  under  the  foreigner.  The  historic 
reality  and  period  of  Cyhylyn  and  Gwrwared  are 
clearly  demonstrated  by  a  charter  of  Nicholas  (son 
of  Sir  William  Martin),  Lord  of  Cemmaes  (area 
1 220),  granting  and  confirming  to  the  heirs  of 
Gwrwared  and  Llewelyn,  sons  of  Cyhylyn,  the 
lands  of  Precelly  from  the  Via  Flandrica,  crossing 
the  mountains  at  Bwlchgwynt,  to  Kglvvyswen, 
Melinau,  Cilgwyn,  &c.  ("Ego  Nicholaus  . 
confirmavi  heredibus  Gwrwared  filii  Cuhelyn,  et 
hered.  Lewelini  filii  Cuhelyn,  totam  terram  meam 
in  Presselewe,  &c. " — Baronia  de  Kemeys,  p.  48). 
He  m.  Gwenllian,  dau.  of  Ednyfed  Fychan,  Coun- 
cillor and  General  of  Prince  Llewelyn  ap  lorwerth 
of  North  Wales  (see  Ednyfed  Fychan).  His 
son, — 

Gwilym  ap  Gwrwared  (circa  1227),  m.  Joan,  dau. 
of  Sir  Leonard  Stackpool  of  Stackpool,  Pemb. 
[Some  pedigrees  repeat  Gwrwared  and  Gwilym, 
which  is  an  obvious  mistake.] 

Einon  Vawr,  "  o'r  Coed  "  ["of  the  Wood"], 
Esq.,  m.  Dido,  dau.  of  Cadwgan  Dhu,  Lord  of 
Aberporth.  [From  this  point  the  pedigree  is 
more  clear.] 

Owen  ap  Einion  &c.,  Esq.,  m,  Gwenllian,  dau. 
of  Sir  William  Cantington,  Kt.,  of  Trewilym. 

Llewelin  ap  Owen,  &c.,  Esq.,  m.  Nest,  dau.  of 
Howell  Fychan,  Esq. 

Evan  Boiven  Esq.,  of  Pentre  Evan,  [the  first  to 
assume  the  surname  Bowen — he  built  Pentre-Evan], 
m.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Arnold  of  Hubberston,  Esq. 

Gwilym  Bowen,  Esq.,  m.  Agnes,  dau.  of  James 
ap  Einion,  Esq.,  of  Henllan  [in  Castlemartin. 
Here  the  Bowens  of  Trellwyn,  near  Tenby,  branch 
off  with  Thomas,  3rd  son. — D.  Castle  AfS.]. 

Owen  Bowen,  Esq.  [Sheriff  of  Pemb.  1544],  m. 
Janett,  dau.  and  h.  of  John  ap  Harry  ap  Llewelyn, 
Esq.,  of  Gumfreyston. 

Sir  James  Bowen,  Kt.,  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  John 


Herle,  Esq.,  of  Brecknockshire, — her  mother  was 
[Margaret,]  dau.  of  Thomas  ap  Gruffydd  ap 
Nicolas,  of  Newton  [Dinefawr, — comp.  Lhunn, 
i.,  169.  In  the  8th  Henry  VIII.,  A.D.  1516,  Sir 
James  Bowen  was  commissioned  to  be  auditor  and 
attorney  for  the  barony  of  Cemmaes,  to  take  fines 
of  tenants,  punish  offenders,  &c.  He  was  prob. 
the  same  Sir  James,  and  this  was  the  period 
when  the  family  became  seated  at  Llwyngwair. 
See  Baronia  de  Kenieys,  p.  19]. 

Matthias  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair,  m. 
Mary,  dau.,  of  John  Philips,  Esq.,  son  of  Sir 
Thomas  Philips,  Kt.,  of  Picton. 

James  Bowen,  of  Llwyngwair,  Esq.  [Sheriff  of 
Pemb.  1622 ;  was  at  Llwyngwair  when  Dwnn 
visited  it  1591],  m.  Elenor,  dau.  of  John  Griffith, 
Esq.,  of  North  Wales  [son  to  Sir  William  Griffith, 
of  Penrhyn,  Kt.,  Divnn,  and  Golden  Grove  MS. 
Dwnn  gives  the  names  of  1 7  children  born  to  James 
Bowen,  10  sons  and  7  daus.]. 

George  Bowen,  of  Llwyngwair,  Esq.  [Sheriff  of 
Pemb.  1632],  m.  Dorothy,  dau.  of  John  Scourfield, 
Esq.,  of  Moat. 

James  Bowen,  Esq.  [of  Llwyngwair],  High 
Sheriff  of  Pemb.  1671,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John 
Owens,  Esq.,  of  Orielton.  [He  was  living  in  1705. 
Dale  Castle  MS.} 

George  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair  [Sheriff  of 
Pemb.  1682],  m.  Dorothy,  dau.  of  Essex  Meyrick, 
Esq.,  of  Bush,  near  Pembroke. 

James  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair,  m.  Alice, 
dau.  of  Robert  Rowe,  Esq.,  of  Luny. 

George  Bowen,  of  Llwyngwair,  Esq.  [Sheriff  of 
Pemb.  1803],  m.  Easter,  dau.  of  William  Thomas, 
Esq.,  of  Pentowyn. 

James  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair,  m.  Martha, 
dau.  of  Evan  Jenkins  of  Gloquely. 

George  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Llwyngwair,  Sheriff  of 
Pemb.  1825,  in.  Sarah,  dau.  of  J.  Thomas,  Esq., 
of  Long-house,  co.  of  Pemb.,  and  was  s.  by  his 
eldest  son, — 

JAMES  BEVAN  BOWEN,  Esq.,  now  of  Llwyn- 
gwair (as  above). 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Llwyng^vair,  beautifully 
situated,  enrivoned  by  noble  woods  and  rising 
grounds,  near  the  historic  Nevern  and  Newport,  and 
a  tidal  river,  has  a  name  which  is  peculiarly  agreeable 
to  Pembrokeshire  people,  and  indeed  to  the  people  of 
Wales  generally,  the  particular  reasons  for  which 
need  not  be  here  specified.  It  is  sheltered  from  the 
keener  winds,  and  commands  in  the  milder  direction 
a  fine  prospect,  including  in  its  features  the  boldly 
planted  ruins  of  Newport  Castle.  Under  the  Norman 
conquest  of  Cemmaes  it  fell  to  the  lot  of  one  Cole,  a 
knight  in  the  service  of  the  lord  of  the  barony,  and 
his  descendants  continued  here,  according  to  Fenton, 
till  "about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century." 

A  cluster  of  cistvaens  with  an  overthrown  cromlech 
are  on  the  estate.  In  1810  Mr.  Fenton  found  in 
them  charcoal,  pieces  of  urns  of  rudest  pottery, 
particles  of  bones,  and  black  sea-pebbles  (Hist,  of 
Pemb.,  pp.  554-5). 

BOWEN,  James  William,  Esq.,  of  Tygwyn, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Barrister  at-law  in  leading  practice  on  the 
South  Wales  Circuit ;  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Pembroke,  and  J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Pembroke 
and  Cardigan ;  Patron  of  the  living  of 
Llanfair-nant-Gwyn,  co.  of  Pembroke  ;  son 
of  the  late  Thomas  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Panty, 


896 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


deri,  in  the  co.  of  Pembroke,  formerly  a 
Captain  in  the  loth  Royal  Hussars  ;  ed.  at 
Shrewsbury  School;  m.,  ist,  Charlotte 
Augusta,  daughter  of  the  late  Edward 
Bearcroft,  Esq.,  of  Meer  Hall,  in  the  co. 
of  Worcester ;  2nd,  Jane  Eliza,  youngest 
dau.  of  Francis  Huntsman,  Esq.,  of  Lover- 
sail  Hall,  Doncaster ;  s.  in  right  of  his 
mother  to  estates  of  William  Morgan  Wil- 
liams, Esq.,  of  Trefach,  in  the  co.  of  Pem- 
broke ;  has  issue  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

Residence:  Tygwyn,  Pembrokeshire. 
Town  Address :   10,    Sussex    Gardens,    Hyde 
Park. 


BOWEtf,  Rev.  William  Wheeler  Webb-,  of 
Camrose,  Pembrokeshire. 

M.A.,  Vicar  of  Camrose  (cam-rhos),  co.  of 
Pembroke,  since  1833;  second  son  of  the 
late  Hugh  Webb-Bowen,  Esq.  (see  Webb- 
Btnvcn  of  Camrose);  b.  at  Camrose  House, 
November  7,  1803  ;  ed.  at  the  Grammar 
School,  Bristol,  under  Dr.  Goodenough, 
and  grad.  at  Peterhouse,  Cambridge,  1828; 
B.A.  1830,  M.A.  1832  ;  m.,  ist,  June  29, 
1830,  Mary  Grace  Josephine  Vonburr 
Fortune,  dau.  of  Rev.  Frederic  Fortune, 
M.A.,  Rector  of  Moat,  in  the  co.  of  Pemb. 
(she  d.  June  13,  1841);  2nd,  October  14, 
1845,  Olivia  Duffin,  dau.  of  Charles  Duffin, 
Capt.  Bengal  Cavalry,  and  has  had  issue 
by  the  two  marriages  ten  sons  living  and 
two  dead,  and  four  daughters,  two  of  whom 
are  irfarried. 

Residence :  The  Vicarage,  Camrose,  Haverford- 
west. 
For  Arms,  see  Webb-Bowen  of  Camrose. 

BEYANT,  James  Eobertson,  Esq.,  of  Pembroke. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Pembroke ;  J.  P. 
for  the  borough  of  Pembroke;  M.R.C.S., 
London ;  Capt.  Castlemartin  Yeomanry 
Cavalry;  son  of  the  late  James  Bryant, 
Esq. ;  b.  at  Lynn  Regis,  Norfolk;  ed.  at  Dr. 
Valpy's  school  at  Reading;  m.,  ist,  1836, 
Harriet,  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Lascelles,  late 
66th  Regt. ;  2nd,  1855,  Eliza  Juliana,  dau. 
of  Rev.  James  D.  Hastle,  Rector  of 
Euston,  Suffolk,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Trin. 
Coll.,  Cambridge ;  has  issue  three  sons  and 
three  daughters. 


Kesidence:  Pembroke,  South  Wales. 


CAEEW,  George  Henry  Warrington,  Esq.,  of 
Carew  Castle,  Pemb.,  and  Crowcombe 
Court,  Som. 

Descended  maternally  from  the  Carews  of 
Carew  Castle. 

(Particulars  not  received  in  time.) 

CAWDOE,  John  Frederick  Vaughan  Campbell, 
Earl  of,  of  Stackpool  Court,  Pembroke- 
shire. 

Creations — Baron  Cawdor  1796,  Earl  of 
Cawdor  1827.  Second  Earl  of  Cawdor; 
Lord-Lieutenant  and  Gustos  Rotulorum  of 
the  co.  of  Carmarthen ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L. 
for  Nairnshire,  and  J.  P.  for  Pembroke- 
shire ;  was  M.P.  forco.  Pemb.  1841 — 1859  ; 
President  of  Carmarthenshire  Chamber  of 
Agriculture;  patron  of  12  livings;  eldest 
son  of  John  Frederick  Campbell,  first  Earl 
of  Cawdor  and  third  Baron  Cawdor  (see 
Lineage);  b.  1817;  ed.  at  Eton  and  Christ 
Church,  Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  1838,  M.A. 
1840;  m.,  1842,  Sarah  Mary,  second  dau. 
of  the  Hon.  Henry  Frederick  Compton 
Cavendish,  and  has  issue  surviving — 

1.  Frederick  Archibald  Vaughan  Campbell,   Vis. 
count  Emlyn,  b.    1847  ;  m.,    1868,    Edith,   eldest 
dau.   of  C.   Turnor,   Esq.,   and   Lady  Turner,   of 
Stoke  Rochford  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  cos.  of 
Pemb.  and  Carm. 

2.  Ronald  George  Elidor,  b.  1848. 

3.  Alexander  Francis  Henry,  b.  1855. 

1.  Victoria   Alexandrina    Elizabeth,    b.    1843 ; 
m.,  1846,  Lieut.-Col.  F.  Lambton,  S.  F.  Guards. 

2.  Muriel  Sarah,  b.  1845. 

3.  Evelyn  Caroline  Louisa,  b.  1851. 

4.  Rachel  Anne  Georgiana,  b.  1853. 

His  lordship  s.  on  the  death  of  his 
father,  1860. 

Heir:  Frederick  Archibald,   Viscount  Emlyn 

Residences  i  Stackpool  Court,  near  Pembroke  ; 
Golden  Grove,  Carmarthen  ;  Cawdor  Castle,  N.B. 

Tman  House:  74,  South  Audley  Street,  W. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  Ist,  or,  a  stag's  head  ca- 
boshed  sa. — CALDER  ;  2nd,  gyronny  of  eight  or 
and  sa. — CAMPBELL  ;  3rd,  arg.,  a  galley  sa. — 
CAMPBELL;  4th,  gu.,  a  cross  or — LOUT. 

Crest :  A  swan  ppr. 

Supporters :  Dexter,  a  lion  guardant  gu. ; 
Sinister,  a  stag  ppr. 

Motto :  Be  mindful 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  the  clan  Campbell,  and  a  junior 
branch  of  the  house  of  Argyll  in  Scotland.  Their 
first  coming  into  Wales  was  through  the  marriage 
of  Sir  Alexander  Campbell,  Bart.,  of  Cawdor 
Castle,  Nairnshire,  with  Elizabeth,  sister  and  only 
heir  of  Sir  Gilbert  Lort,  Bart.,  of  Stackpool  Court. 
Their  son, — 

John  Campbell,  Esq.,  m.  Mary,  eldest  dau.  and 
co-h.  of  Lewis  Pryse,  Esq.,  of  Gogerddan,  Card.; 
and  d.  1775,  was  succ.  by  his  eldest  son, — 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


897 


Pryse  Campbell,  Esq.,  of  Stackpool  Court  and 
Cawdor  Castle,  who  in.  Sarah,  dau.  of  Sir  Edmund 
Bacon,  Bart.,  and  had  issue — 

John  Campbell,  Esq.,  of  Stackpool  Court,  &c.; 
created.  1796,  Baron  Cawdor;  m.,  1789,  Lady 
,  Caroline  Howard,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Earl  of 
Carlisle;  d.  1821.  His  son, — 

John  Frederick,  second  Baron  Cawdor,  b.  1790  ; 
created  Earl  of  Cawdor  1827  ;  m.,  1842,  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Thomas,  second  Marquess  of  Bath,  and 
left,  with  other  issue,  at  his  decease  in  1860,  an 
eldest  son, — 

JOHN  FREDERICK  VAUGHAN,  now  Earl  of 
Cawdor  (as  above). 

Note.—  The  name  Stackpool  was  at  first  the  designa- 
tion of  the  inlet  near  the  Stack,  a  projecting  rock  at 
its  mouth  ;  and  the  first  Norman  settler,  Sir  Elidur, 
called  himself  De  Stackpool.  The  spelling  Stack/?/*; 
is  incorrect  and  misleading. 

CHANDLER,  ReY.  Henry  Christian  David,  of 
Narberth,  Pembrokeshire. 

Rector  pf  Narberth;  Surrogate  of  St. 
David's ;  son  of  Thos.  Chandler,  Esq., 
late  of  Yardley  Wood,  Worcestershire ;  b. 
at  Yardley,  Worcestershire,  Jan.  19,  1837  ; 
td.  at  College  School,  Bristol,  and  by  private 
tuition;  took  B.A.  (.<Egrotat),  1859,  at 
Gonv.  and  Cai.  Coll.,  Cambridge;  m., 
23rd  February,  1865,  Harriet  Mary,  only 
dau.  of  General  Robert  Home,  C.B.,  late 
H  M.  Madras  Army ;  has  issue  two  daus. 
and  one  son. 

Residence:  North  Sodstone  House,  near  Nar- 
berth. 

CLARK,  The  Venerable  George,  of  Robeston 
Wathen,  Pembrokeshire. 

Archdeacon  and  Prebendary  of  St.  David's ; 
Prebendary  of  Hereford ;  M.A.  of  Oxford ; 
held  Vicarage  of  Cantley,  Yorkshire,  1845  ; 
Rectory  of  Tenby,  Pembrokeshire,  1854; 
Prebend,  of  Hereford  Cathedral  1849 ; 
Archdeaconry  and  Prebend  of  St.  David's, 
1864  ;  Author  of  Visitation  Charges,  1865 
and  1867,  and  sundry  Sermons,  published 
at  different  times;  b.  in  London,  1809; 
ed.  at  University  Coll.,  Oxford  ;  grad.  B.A. 
1831,  M.A.  1834;  m.,  1837,  a  dau.  of  Rev. 
J.  R.  Senior ;  and  has  issue  i  son  and  4 
daus. ;  s.  to  Robeston  Wathen  House  by 
purchase  1867. 

Residence :  Robeston  Wathen. 

Town  Address :  United  Clergy  and  Laity  Club, 
Charles  Street,  St.  James's. 

Arms:  Arg.,  a 'chevron  gules  charged  with 
three  cross  crosslets  between  three  martlets  ppr. ; 
on  a  chief  azure  a  lion  passant  or. 

Crest:  A  demi-lion  rampant  or,  holding  in 
its  dexter  paw  a  trefoil. 

Note.—  Mansion  erected  about  1815. 


COLBY,  John,  Esq.,  of  Fynone,  Pembrokeshire- 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  cos.  of  Pembroke 
Carmarthen,  and  Cardigan;  High  Sheriff 
for  Pembrokeshire  in  1838 ;  son  of  the 
late  John  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Fynone,  and  his 
wife,  Cordelia  Maria,  dau.  of  Major  Colby, 
of  Rhosygilwen,  co.  Pembroke ;  b.  at 
Fynone  on  February  24th,  1816;  ed.  at 
Trinity  Coll.,  Oxford;  m.,  1841,  Frances 
Anna,  eldest  dau.  of  James  Higgon,  Esq., 
of  Scolton,  Pembrokeshire  (see  Higgon  of 
Scoltori);  s.  to  estates  in  1831. 

Heir  presumptive :  His  brother  Robert,  Rector 
of  Ansford,  Somerset. 

Residences :  Fynone,  and  Rhosygilwen,  Pemb. 

Town  Address :  University  Club,  Pall  Mall. 

Arms  :  Az.,  a  chevron  between  three  escallop 
shells  or. 

Crest:  A  broken  dagger  with  four  drops  of 
blood. 

Motto  :  Dum  spiro  spero. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Colby  family  is  one  of  considerable  age, 
originally  settled  in  Norfolk.  One  of  its  members 
wasSir  John  Colby  of  Swarston (fourteenth  century). 
One  branch  came  to  Pembrokeshire,  to  Blatherston, 
which  place  still  belongs  to  Mr.  Colby  of  Fynone. 
Laurence  Colby  was  High  Sheriffin  1722;  Thomas 
Colby  in  1770  ;  John  Colby  in  1807,  and  in  1816 
for  Carmarthenshire.  (See  Sheriffs.) 

The  Colbys  have  been  represented  in  the  army 
and  navy  by  several  distinguished  officers,  four  of 
whom  of  high  rank  were  killed  during  the  civil 
wars.  Major-Gen.  Colby,  R.E.,  6.  1784,  and 
Capt.  Colby,  R.  N. ,  are  names  well  known.  The 
Colbys  entered  Rhosygttwtn  through  the  marriage 
about  1715,  of  John  Colby,  Esq  .brother  of  Laurence 
Colby,  Esq.,  the  sheriff  above-mentioned,  with 
Miss  Jones,  heiress  of  that  place.  (See  further  Colby 
of  Pant-y-deri. ) 

John  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Fynone,  m.  Cordelia  Maria 
Colby  of  Rhos-y-gilwen  (the  late  Mrs.  Colby  of 
Rhos-y-gilwen,  a  descendant  of  the  above-named 
John  Colby,  Esq.  and  Miss  Jones,  whereby  the  two 
branches  of  the  family  were  united,  and  left  issue, — 

1.  JOHN  COLBY,  ESQ.,  of  Fynone  (as  above). 

2.  Charles,  Capt.  28th  Regt.,  d.  in  India. 

3.  Edward,  also  an  officer  in  the  army,  dec. 

4.  Robert,  in  Holy  Orders,   Rector  of  Ansford 
(as  above),  m.  Miss  Vaughan,  of  Brynog,  Card., 
and  has  issue  a  son. 

1.  Cordelia,   m.   Capt.    McNeill   Boyde,    R.N. 
(dec.),    and   has   issue,   John   McNeill    Boyde,    b. 
Sept.  2,  1841 ;  Archibald  Henry,  b.  April  I,  1851 ; 
Colin  Edward,  b.  Jan.  I,  1853. 

2.  Mary,  m.  Major  Henry  Lewis  of  Clynview. 

3.  Eliza,   m.  Edward  Bearcroft,   Esq.,  of  Meer 
Hall,  Wor.,  and  has  issue  Hugh  Edward. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Fynone  (see  engraving, 
p.  844)  was  erected  about  the  year  1795,  a  little 
distance  from  the  site  of  the  old  house.  It  is  in  the 
midst  of  fine  trees,  and  grounds  tastefully  kept  ;  a 
waterfall  about  a  mile  from  the  house  is  especially  an 
object  of  admiration. 


898 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


COLBY,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Pant-y-deri,  Pem- 
brokeshire. 

Eldest  son  of  Major-General  Thomas 
Frederic  Colby  (d.  1852),  by  his  wife, 
Elizabeth  Hester  Boyd,  dau.  of  Archibald 
Boyd,  Esq.,  Treasurer  of  Deny,  Ireland, 
and  sister  of  the  Very  Rev.  Archibald  Boyd, 
Dean  of  Exeter ;  son  of  Thomas  Colby, 
Captain  Royal  Marines,  son  of  Thomas 
Colby  of  Rhos-y-gilwen,  son  of  John  Colby 
of  Cilgerran,  son  of  Laurence  Colby  of 
Castle  Deran  •  b.  1830 ;  ed.  at  Bonn  on 
the  Rhine  ;  s.  1852  ;  is  unm. 

Residence:  Pant-y-deri,  Eglwys-wrw,  Pemb. 

Arms:  Per  pale,  dexter —az.,  on  a  chevron 
between  three  camels'  heads  arg.,  two  crescents 
and  a  star,  gules  ;  sinister — azure,  a  chevron  be- 
tween three  escallop  shells  or. 

Crest :  An  arm  in  armour,  in  the  hand  a  dagger 
embrued. 

Motto :  Dum  spiro  spero. 

LINEAGE. 

The  descent  of  this  family  is  the  same  with  that 
of  Colby  of  Fynone,  two  lines  of  Colbys  having 
been  united  in  the  latter.  (See  Colby  of  Fynone.) 

Thomas  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Rhos-y-gilwen  (o.  1717, 
d.  1789),  descended  maternally  through  Anne  Jones 
of  Rhos-y-gilwen  (like  Colby  of  Fynone  ulti- 
mately), from  the  Warrens  of  Trewern  (ext.),  by 
his  wife,  Esther  Davies,  of  Gilfach,  left  a  son, 
Thomas  Colby,  Capt.  of  Marines,  who,  besides 
other  issue  left  a  dau.,  Cordelia  Maria,  (who  m. 
John  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Fynone,  and  survived  him 
as  Mrs.  Colby  of  Rhos-y-gilwen  ;  d.  1869)  ;  and 
an  eldest  son  and  successor, — • 

Thomas  Frederic  Colby,  Major-Gen.,  b.  1784, 
who  m.,  1828,  Hester  Boyd  (as  above),  who  had 
issue — 

Thomas  Colby,  Esq.,  now  of  Pant-y-deri  (as 
above) ;  William  Henry  ;  John ;  James  ;  Anne  ; 
Cordelia ;  Maria. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Pant-y-deri,  which  is  of 
moderate  size,  contains  parts  which  are  of  considerable 
age,  although  the  time  of  the  erection  is  unknown  ; 
several  additions  have  been  made,  the  last  of  which, 
about  the  year  1840,  was  the  most  considerable. 

DAVIS,  Gilbert  William  Warren,  Esq.,  of  Tre- 
warren, Pembrokeshire. 

Lord  of  the  Manor  of  St.  Ishmael's,  Pem- 
brokeshire ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  ; 
High  Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1839;  son  of 
Henry  Davis,  Esq.,  of  Mullock  in  the  said 
co.;  b.  at  Mullock,  March  14,  1809;  ed. 
at  Dr.  Butler's  at  Shrewsbury;  m.  Margaret, 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Biddulph,  of  Amroth 
Castle,  Pembroke ;  s.  on  his  attaining  his 
25*  year,  March  14,  1834;  has  issue  three 
sons  and  seven  daughters. 

Heir:  Henry  Warren  Davis. 
Residence:  Trewarren,  Milford  Haven. 


Note. — On  the  estate  at  Trellwyn-uchaf,  near  Fish- 
guard,  is  a  cromlech  or  so-called  Druidic  altar.  The 
house  of  Trewarren  was  erected  in  1872. 


DE  EITTZBN,  Frederick   Leopold,  Baron,  of 
Slebech  Hall,  Pembrokeshire. 

A  Baron  of  the  (late)  kingdom  of  Han- 
over; J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of 
Pembroke ;  High  Sheriff  for  same  co. 
1871;  son  of  the  late  Franz,  Baron  de 
Rutzen,  of  Slebech  Hall,  by  his  wife  Mary 
Dorothea,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  the  late 
Nathaniel  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Slebech  Hall 
(See  SlebecK),  and  has  issue — 

Albert,  b.  18 — ;  Stipendiary  Magistrate  for 
Merthyr  Tydfil  1872  ;  m.,  1872,  Horatia  Augusta, 
eldest  dau.  of  Alan  James  Gulston,  Esq.,  of  Dirle- 
ton,  co.  of  Carm. 

Residence :  Slebech  Hall,  near  Haverfordwest- 

DUNN,  Nicholas  John,  Esq.,  of  Elm  Grove, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  ; 
High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1858  ;  son  of  the 
late  John  Dunn,  Esq  ,  of  Westmoor  House, 
Pembrokeshire,  who  was  in  the  Commis- 
sion of  the  Peace  (but  never  qualified}  for 
Pembrokeshire,  and  was  an  officer  in  the 
Yeomanry  Cavalry  ;  b.  at  Westmoor  House, 
23rd  July,  1820;  ed.  at  Pembroke  Coll., 
Oxford,  and  Middle  Temple ;  s.  on  death 
of  his  father,  October,  1834;  m.,  1855, 
Emma,  dau.  of  Major  Hutchins,  3oth  B.N. 
Infantry,  and  has  issue  four  sons  and  six 
daughters. 

Heir:  John  Henry,  b.  1857. 

Residence :  Elm  Grove,  St.  Florence,  Tenby. 

Arms:  Az.,  a  wolf  rampant  arg.,  armed  and 
langued  gu. 

Crest :  A  lion's  paw  erased,  grasping  a  serpent. 

Mottoes  :  Profuit  hoc  vincente  capi.  Industrioso 
otium  poena. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  Sir  Henry 
Dwnn,  son  of  Owen  Dwnn,  Esq.,  of  Muddles- 
combe.  Owen  Dwnn  (Picton  Castle),  of  the  line  of 
Dwnns  of  Abercyfor  and  Cydweli,  m.,  about  1460, 
Catherine,  dau.  and  h.  of  Sir  John  Wogan  of 
Picton,  whose  gr.  grandfather,  Sir  John  Wogan  of 
Wiston,  had  m.  Joan,  or  Ivan,  dau.  and  h.  of  Sir 
William  Picton,  a  Norman  knight  who  had  settled 
on  the  lands  of  Picton  Castle  (so  called  after  his 
name),  given  him  by  Arnulph  de  Montgomery, 
temp.  William  Rufus.  (See  Picton  Castle  and 
Pembroke  Castle.)  We  are  informed  in  The  Heraldic 
Visitations  of  Wales  by  Lewys  Dwnn,  who  himself 
claimed  to  be  of  this  venerable  lineage,  that  the 
Dwnns  of  Cydweli  traced  direct  to  Meurig,  King  of 
Dyfed.  The  lineage  paternal  and  maternal  of  the 
present  family  is  thus  of  a  very  ancient  description, 
the  fonner  being  Cymric,  the  latter  Norman. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


899 


The  celebrated  Dr.  John  Donne,  Dean  of  St. 
Paul's,  theologian  and  poet  (/>.  1573),  whose  bio- 
graphy, by  quaint  Izaac  Walton,  is  one  of  the  most 
delightful  books  of  that  age,  was  descended  from 
a  branch  of  this  family. 

Lewys  Dwnn,  the  Deputy  Herald,  was  by  his 
mother  (whose  surname  he  assumed)  grandson 
of  Capt.  Rhys  G6ch  Dwnn,  gr.  gr.  grandson  in  a 
direct  line  of  David  Dwnn,  brother  of  Owen  Dwnn 
of  Cydweli,  Carm.,  above  named.  David  removed 
to  Montgomeryshire,  being  appointed  steward  to 
Edward  Cherleton,  Lord  Powys,  and  by  marriage 
became  possessed  of  Cefn  y  Gwestyd,  near  Welsh- 
pool.  Lewys  was  the  only  child  of  his  parents,  and 
was  born  in  that  neighbourhood.  His  labours  in 
Welsh  genealogy  extended  from  about  1580  to  1614, 
and  he  is  supposed  to  have  died  about  1620.  The 
pedigrees  he  collected,  published  in  1846  under  the 
editorship  of  Sir  S.  R.  Meyrick,  and  entitled 
Heraldic  Visitations  of  Wales,  are  of  the  greatest  value 
in  the  investigation  of  the  descent  of  Welsh  families ; 
but  Lewys  Dwnn  was  not  only  industrious  and 
honest,  but  also  credulous  and  uncritical,  and  his 
immense  collection  must  be  used  with  care  and 
sifting  discrimination. 

EWABDES,  Mrs.  Tueker-,  of  Sealyham,  Pem- 
brokeshire. 

Anna  Martha  Tucker-Edwardes,  widow  of 
William  Tucker- Edwardes,Esq.,of  Sealyham 
(who  was  b.  1873  ;  d.  1825),  is  the  second 
dau.  of  the  late  John  George  Philipps, 
Esq.,  of  Cwmgwili,  co.  of  Carm.  (see 
Philipps  of  Cwmgwili,  and  of  Ystradwrallf); 
was  m.  to  Mr.  Tucker-Edwardes  in  1807, 
and  has  surviving  issue — 

John  Owen,  b.  1808;  «.,  1840,  Anna  Jane, 
dau.  of  W.  Jones,  Esq. 

Owen  John,  b.  1815;  m.;  residence,  Trerhos. 

Thomas,  b.  1816;  residence,  Cleddy  Lodge, 
Haverfordwest. 

Mary,  m.,  1845,  Col.  A.  Borradaile. 

Anna  Martha,  m.  William  Owen,  Esq.,  Tan-y- 
gyrt,  Denbighshire. 

Emma  Mary  Anne  Grace. 

Residence:  Sealyham,  near  Haverfordwest 

Arms:  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  az.,  a  chevron 
embattled  and  counter-embattled  or  between 
three  sea-horses  naiant  arg. — TUCKER  ;  2nd  and 
3rd,  ermine,  a  lion  rampant  sa. — EDWARDES. 

Crest :  A  bear's  paw  holding  a  battle-axe  arg. 

Motto:  Garde  la  foi. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  represents  the  Tuckers  of  Sealyham, 
who  claimed  through  female  descent  to  be  of  the 
Games  of  Breconshire  through  Sir  David  Gam,  Kt., 
and  the  Edwardes  of  Trefgam,  descended,  according 
to  the  Dale  Castle  MS.  and  Lewis  Dwnn  (who 
visited  Sealyham  and  drew  out  the  family  lineage 
in  1597,  when  Richard  Edwardes,  who  signs  the 
pedigree,  was  Chancellor  of  St.  David's),  from  the 
Fine  of  Tudor  Trevor,  Lord  of  the  Marches.  The 
representative  of  the  family  at  this  time  was  Thomas 
Edwardes,  Esq.,  of  Trefgarn,  who  m.  Sage,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Tucker,  Esq.,  of  Sealyham.  His  son, — 

Owen  Edwardes,  Esq.  (living  1613),   m.    Elliw, 


dau.  of  Morgan  Foel,  of  Haverfordwest,  and  had  a 
son,  John,  of  Trefgarn,  who  by  his  wife  Anne,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Birt,  left  a  son  and  heir,  — 

Owen  Edwardes,  Esq.,  of  Trefgarn,  who  m. 
Damaris,  dau.  of  James  Perrott,  Esq.,  and  sister 
(Dale  Castle  MS.)  of  Sir  Herbert  Perrott,  Kt.,  of 
Haroldston  (see  Sheriffs,  1661;),  and  left  a  son, — 

John  Edwardes,  Esq.,  of  Trefgarn,  who  by  his 
wife  Frances  (m.  1685),  dau.  and  co-h.  of  William 
Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Haythog,  had  a  son, — 

Owen  Edwardes,  Esq.,  of  Trefgam,  living  1720. 
He  m.  Jane,  dau.  and  heiress  of  Rowland  Morti- 
mer, Esq. ,  of  Castell-llwyd,  Carm.  (see  Mortimer 
of  Geneurglyn  and  Coedmore),  by  Jane,  dau  of  Tho- 
mas Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Trellwyn  (see  Trellwyn  and 
Llwyngiaair).  They  had  two  sons,  Rowland  and 
Francis,  from  the  latter  of  whom  descended  the 
Pembrokeshire  Barons  Kensington  (see  Kensington), 
and  from  the  former — by  hi?  wife  Anne,  dau.  of 
George  Harries,  Esq.,  of  Priskilly — the  family  of 
Tucker-Edwardes  of  Sealyham.  His  son, — 

John  Owen,  m.,  1777,  Catherine,  dau.  and  co-h. 
of  John  Tucker,  Esq.,  of  Sealyham.  His  son  was 
the  late— 

William  Tucker  Edwardes,  Esq.,  of  Sealyham 
(as  above). 


EVANS,  Charles  Tasker,  Esq.,  of  Upton  Castle, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Late  Ensign  ist  Batt.  roth  Foot;  is  patron 
of  the  living  of  Nash,  Diocese  of  St. 
David's ;  son  of  the  late  William  Paynter 
Evans,  Esq.,  of  Upton  Castle,  and  great- 
nephew  of  Pierce  Evans,  Esq.,  J.  P.,  for- 
merly of  Upton  Castle ;  b.  at  Upton  Castle, 
3rd  December,  1844  ;  OT.,  26th  April,  1870, 
Mary  Paynter,  dau.  of  Joshua  Paynter, 
Esq.,  Inspector-General  of  Hospitals. 

Residence :  Upton  Castle,  near  Pembroke. 
Crest :  A  boar's  head. 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Evans,  of  Upton  Castle,  the 
ancient  residence  of  the  Malefants  (extinct  since 
fourteenth  century),  trace  from  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Evans,  who  m.  a  niece  of  Mr.  Tasker,  owner  by 
purchase  of  Upton.  On  Mr.  Tasker's  decease, 
leaving  no  issue,  she,  along  with  her  two  sisters, 
co-heiresses,  succeeded  to  the  estate,  which  ulti- 
mately devolved  upon  Mr.  Evans  and  his  issue. 

The  Malefants,  of  Norman  origin,  were  a  promi- 
nent family  also  in  Glamorganshire,  which  county 
they  had  entered  from  Pembrokeshire  during  its 
occupation  by  the  Norman  lords  (see  Malefant  of 
St.  George's).  The  original  stock  at  Upton  became 
extinct  with  Henry  Malefant,  whose  dau.  and  co- 
heiress, Alice,  m.  Owen,  son  of  Griffith  ap  Nicholas 
of  Dinefawr,  grandfather  of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas, 
of  Dinefawr,  Carew  Castle,  &c.  Their  issue  took 
the  surname  Bowen  (ap  Owen),  and  continued 
at  Upton  Castle  for  many  generations  until  the 
race  ended  in  heiresses,  the  estate,  about  1760, 
was  sold,  and  the  demesne  of  Upton  became  the 
property  of  Mr.  Tasker,  before  named. 
Note. — For  a  view  of  Upton  Castle  see  p.  836.  Of 
its  condition  about  the  commencement  of  the  present 


goo 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


century  Mr.  Fenton  says:— "There  is  but  little  of 
the  castle  remaining  besides  the  entrance  between  two 
bastions  finely  overgrown  with  ivy,  giving  it  a  pictu- 
resque appearance.  The  chapel  is  a  simple  plain 
building  as  it  now  appears,  without  doubt  totally 
altered  as  to  its  external  form,  having  modern  windows 
and  a  common  slated  roof.  It  stands  a  little  apart 
from  the  castellated  remnant  of  the  building,  but  was 
at  one  time,  I  am  inclined  to  think,  attached  to  and 
made  a  portion  of  it.  Divine  service  is  never  per- 
formed there  now,  and  it  seems  perfectly  desecrated. 
The  mother  church,  about  a  mile  off,  is  called  Nash." 

FORTUNE,  William,  Esq.,  of  Leweston  House, 
Pembrokeshire. 

D.  L.  and  in  the  Commission  of  the  Peace 
for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  son  of  the  late 
William  Fortune,  Esq.,  J.  P.,  of  Leweston 
House,  and  formerly  of  Haverfordwest,  by 
Catherine,  dau.  of  John  Savery,  Esq.,  of 
Butcombe  Court,  Somerset,  and  Shilston 
House,  Devon;  b  at  Haverfordwest,  2ist 
of  March,  1802  ;  ed.  at  Eton  ;  m.,  igth  July, 
1828,  Thomasina  Hannah  Newtonia  von 
Burr,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Fortune,  M.A.,  of  New  Moat,  by  Harriette 
Sophia,  only  dau.  of  Major  Newton  Barton 
Burr,  whose  father,  Frederic  Burr,  Esq., 
m.  Catherine  Barton,  only  dau.  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Robert  Barton,  whose  father,  Robert 
Barton,  Esq.,  of  Brigstock,  Northampton- 
shire, ;«.,  1677,  Hannah  Smith,  one  of  the 
half-sisters  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  Kt,  the 
astronomer;  s.  to  estates  in  1826;  has 
issue  two  daughters, — 

i.  Newtonia  von  Burr.        2.  Marianne. 

Heirs:  His  two  daus.,  co-heiresses. 

Residence :  Leweston  House,  near  Haverford . 

Arms  :  Or,  on  a  mount,  in  base  vert,  a  female 
figure  representing  "Fortune,"  the  dexter  hand 
resting  on  a  wheel,  in  her  sinister  a  cornucopia  ; 
in  chief  gules  a  tower,  on  each  side  two  swords 
in  saltire  proper. 

Crest :  A  dexter  arm  in  armour  embowed,  hand 
clenched,  the  wheel  of  Fortune  suspended  from 
the  wrist. 

Motto :  Audaces  fortuna  juvat. 

GOWER,  Robert  Frederic,  Esq.,  of  Glandovan, 
Pembrokeshire,  and  Clyn-Derwen,  Car- 
marthenshire. 

High  Sheriff  for  co.  Pembroke  1844  ;  son 
of  the  late  Robert  Gower,  Esq.,  of  Glan- 
dovan ;  b.  3ist  December,  1794 ;  m.  Lillias 
Millar  Stewart,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stewart, 
of  Kirkcowan,  N.B. ;  s.  1837  ;  has  issue — 

1.  Capt.  Erasmus  Gower,  b.  1833  ;  was  Capt. 
I2th  Lancers,  now  of  the  Castlemartin  Yeomanry  ; 
J.  P.  for  co.  Carmarthen. 

2.  Abel  Anthony  Gower,  )  ,    .,     . 

3.  Robert  Lewes  Gower,    {  both  d- 

4.  Grace  Lillias  Gower. 

5.  Sarah  Amelia  Georgiana  Gower. 


Heir :  Erasmus  Gower. 

Residences :  Glandovan,  Cilgerran  ;  Clyn  Der- 
wen,  Narberth  Road. 

Town  Address :  Conservative  Club. 

Arms :  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  az.,  a  chevron 
between  three  wolves'  heads  or ;  2nd,  or,  a  cross 
patonce  az.  ;  3rd,  gu.,  three  snakes  enowed  ppr. 

Crest:  A  wolfs  head. 

Motto :  Frangas  non  flectes. 


LINEAGE. 

In  addition  to  the  article  under  Clynderwen  (p. 
285)  the  following  particulars  of  lineage  subse- 
quently obtained  are  now  supplied. 

The  Gowers  of  Glandovan  are  descended  from 
the  Gowers  of  Trentham,  before  they  were  created 
Dukes  of  Sutherland.  William  Gower,  Esq.,  of 
Boughton  St.  John's,  M.P.  for  Ludlow  twenty-six 
successive  years  (his  name  appears  as  subscriber  to 
fund  for  rebuilding  St.  Mary  s  Church,  Cardigan, 
1703),  m.  Jane  Stedman,  only  dau.  of  James 
Stedman,  Esq.,  of  Strata  Florida,  and  Margaret, 
dau.  of  Richard  Owen,  of  Rhiwsaeson,  Mont. 
Her  grandfather,  John  Stedman,  Esq.,  of  Strata 
Florida,  had  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Edward  Vaughan, 
Esq.,  ofTrawscoed,  1628  (see  Lisburne  of  Traws- 
coed,  and  Stedman  of  Strata  Florida),  heiress  of 
Glandovan,  and  on  failure  of  male  issue,  heiress 
also  of  Strata  Florida.  William  Gower  was  the 
son  of  Abel  Gower,  Esq.,  of  Boughton  St.  John's 
(who  was  second  cousin  of  Lord  Gower,  of  Trent- 
ham)  ;  grandson  of  Abel ;  great-grandson  of  George, 
of  Colemarsh,  Worcestershire  ;  and.gr.  gr.  grandson 
of  William  Gower,  Esq.,  of  Colemarsh. 

William  Gower,  Esq.,  by  the  above-named  Jane 
Stedman,  of  Glandovan,  had  issue — 

1.  William    Gower,    Esq.,    Capt.    in   the   East 
India  Service  ;   m.    Bridget  Ford,    of  Bury,    and 
had  issue  2  sons  and  2  daus.     All  d,  young  but 
Anna  Emma,  who  m.  J.  Fox,  Esq. 

2.  James,  d.  unmarried. 

3.  Abel  Gower,  Esq.,  of  whom  again. 

4.  Martha,  d.  unmarried. 

5.  Jane,  m.  Capt.  John  Donkley,  R.N.,  d.  1758. 

6.  Barbara,  m.  Captain  Blarkeny,  R.N. 

7.  Anna  Emma,  d.  at  Glandovan. 

8.  Margaret,  m.  John  dies,  Esq.,  whose  dau. 
Henrietta  m.  the  celebrated  first  Lord  Rodney. 

g.   Adeliza,  m.  Robert  Gustard,  Esq. 

10.   Catherine,  m.  Lieut.  Owen,  R.N. 

Abel  Gower,  Esq.,  of  Glandovan,  m.  Letitia,  only 
dau.  and  h.  of  the  Rev.  Erasmus  Lewes,  of  Lam- 
peter-pont-Stephan,  sixth  son  of  John  Lewes,  Esq., 
of  Gernos,  Cardiganshire,  and  had  issue  9  sons  and 
8  daus.  The  eldest  son,— 

Sir  Erasmus  Gower,  Admiral  of  the  White  in 
1792,  received,  with  Admiral  Lord  Cornwallis,  the 
thanks  of  both  Houses  of  Parliament,  and  in  1794 
the  thanks  of  the  East  India  Company  for  the  safe 
convoy  of  thirteen  of  their  ships  from  China  to 
England  ;  in  1798  he  was  sent  to  quell  the  mutiny 
at  the  Nore  ;  commanded  Lord  Macartney's  Em- 
bassy to  China  ;  and  was  Governor  of  Newfound- 
land ;  d.,  unm.,  1814. 

Abel  Anthony  Gower,  Esq.,  of  Glandovan, 
Castle  Malgwyn,  Clyn  Derwen,  and  Pontvane, 
d.  unm.  at  Glandovan,  1837. 

Robert  Gower,  Esq.,  m.  Sarah,  dau.  of  George 
Royal,  Esq.,  had  issue  4  sons  and  3  daus. 

ROBERT  FREDERIC  GOWER,  ESQ.,  now  of  Glan- 
dovan, &c.  (as  above). 

Abel  Lewes  Gower,  Esq.,  of  Castle  Malgwyn, 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE 


m.  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  James  Logan,  Esq., 
of  Clarkeston,  Stirlingshire ;  d.  s.  p.  1849,  at 
Castle  Malgwyn. 

It™  WUUaT&ower, 
Georgiana  Gower,  d.  unmarried. 
Sarah  Gower,  d.  unmarried. 

Note. — Glandmian  is  at  present  let  to  Archdeacon 
North. 


GRIFFITH,  Moses,  Esq.,  of  Manor-Owen,  Pem- 
brokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
on  the  roll  of  Sheriffs  for  187 1 ;  formerly  in 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army; 
son  of  Samuel  Griffith,  Esq.,  of  Poyntz 
Castle,  Pembrokeshire  ;  b.  at  Poyntz  Castle, 
30th  April,  1789;  ed.  at  the  Grammar 
School,  Haverfordwest ;  is  unm. 

Residence:  Manor-Owen,  near  Fishguard. 


HARRIES,  George  Esq.,  of  Trevaccoon,  Pem- 
brokeshire. 

Son  of  the  late  John  Harding  Harries,  Esq., 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pemb.,  and  Sheriff  for 
the  same  1846,  and  Martha,  dau.  of 
William  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Llandygige, 
St.  David's;  b.  at  Solva,  October  31,  1818; 
ed.  at  Elizabeth  Coll.,  Guernsey  ;  »/.,  1855, 
Charlotte  Frances  Forster,  dau.  of  Rev. 
Charles  Manners  Forster  and  Charlotte 
Frances  Forster;  s.  to  Trevaccoon  estates 
1869;  and  has  issue  one  son,  Charles 
Harding,  and  six  daughters. 

Heir:  Charles  Harding,  6.  1859. 
Residences :     Trevaccoon,     St.    David's,    and 
Rickeston  Hall,  Milford. 
Crest :  A  rising  eagle. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  has  long  been  settled  in  Pembroke- 
shire, possessing  the  estates  of  Cryglas  and  Trevac- 
coon, and  has  intermarried  with  the  ancient  family 
of  Warenne  ofTrewern,  Newport,  now  extinct  (see 
Trewern),  who  are  held  to  have  originated  in  the 
marriage  of  one  of  the  Conqueror's  followers  with 
a  dau.  of  Gwynfardd,  a  regulus  of  Dyfed. 

They  were  formerly  known  as  Harries  of  Cryg- 
glas,  in  the  same  co.,  a  property  still  in  their 
possession.  The  late  Major  Harries,  grandfather 
of  the  present  representative,  was  a  gentleman  on 
active  military  duty  in  the  Cinque  Ports  Cavalry, 
but  resided  at  Trevaccoon  the  latter  part  of  his 
life.  He  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas  Williams, 
Esq.,  of  Pope  Hill,  co.  of  Pembroke,  by  whom  he 
had — 

John  Harding  Harries,  Esq.,  father  of — 

GEORGE  HARRIES,  Esq.  (as  above). 


HARRIES,  George  Augustus,  Esq.,  of  Hilton, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1860  (see 
Sheriffs);  younger  son  of  the  late  Major 
Samuel  Harries,  of  Trevaccoon  (see  Har- 
ries of  Trei'accoon),  by  Mary,  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Pope  Hill, 
both  in  the  co.  of  Pembroke;  m.,  1845, 
Bridget,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Perkins, 
Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest,  and  has  issue. 

Residence:  Hilton,  near  Haverfordwest. 
Arms :  See  Harries  of  Trevaccoon. 

HARRIES,  John  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Heathfield, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  Lieut. 
Royal  Pembroke  Artillery  Militia ;  son  of 
the  late  George  Jordan  Harries,  Esq.,  of 
Heathfield  and  Priskilly,  co.  Pemb.,  by 
his  wife  Susannah  Caroline,  dau.  of  Henry 
Skrine,  Esq.,  of  Warleigh,  Somerset ;  b.  at 
Heathfield,  2nd  December,  1840  ;  m.,  i6th 
March,  1867,  Ellen  Eliza  Florence,  dau. 
of  Lieut.-Col.  James  Florence  Murray  ;  and 
has  issue  two  daus., — Eliza  Caroline,  b. 
1868,  and  Frances  Maria,  b.  1870;  s.  to 
estates  on  the  death  of  his  father  in  1865. 

Residence:  Heathfield,  Letterston,  S.  Wales. 

Arms :  Quarterly  :  ist  and  4th,  az.,  three 
mullets  pierced  or  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  a  chevron 
ermine  between  three  garbs  or. 

Crest :  A  mullet  of  five  points  pierced  or. 

Mottoes:  Y  gwir  yn  erbyn  y  byd.  Integritas 
semper  tutamen. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  has  been  known  as  of  Tregwynt, 
Tresissyllt,  Priskilly,  and  Heathfield  successively. 
They  were  settled  at  the  first-named  place  about 
the  year  1600,  the  then  owner  being  Llewelyn 
Harries,  Esq.,  whose  son, — 

Thomas  Harries,  Esq.,  m.,  1640,  Anne  Bowen, 
of  Llwyngwair.  His  2nd  son,  James,  m.  Ellen 
Griffiths,  of  Tresissyllt,  and  his  son,  John,  m. 
Ursula  Owen,  of  Priskilly.  There  followed  George 
Harries,  of  Tresissyllt  (d.  1766),  who  m.  a  Sym- 
mons,  of  Llanstinan  ;  John,  of  Tresissyllt,  who  m. 
a  dau.  of  the  Rev  Joseph  Hill,  of  Colebrook,  co. 
Carm. ;  and  his  son, — 

George  Harries,  Esq.,  of  Priskilly,  who  m., 
1781,  a  Bowen  of  Leweston.  His  eldest  son,  John 
Hill,  was  father  of — 

George  Jordan  Harries,  Esq.,  of  Priskilly  and 
Heathfield,  whose  eldest  son  is  — 

JOHN  HENRY  HARRIES,  Esq.  (as  above). 

Note.— The  well-preserved  Cromlech  at  Trellys, 
near  Fishguard,  and  a  very  fine  old  Roman  en- 
campment at  Pwllc;awrog  (Pvt\\-caerog),  St.  David's 
parish,  are  on  this  estate. 


902 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


HIGGON,  James,  Esq.,  of  Scolton,  Pembroke- 
shire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  ;  son  of 
John  Higgon,  Esq.,  who  was  High  Sheriff 
for  Pembrokeshire  1793;  b.  at  Haverford- 
west  1793  ;  ed.  at  Eton,  and  BrasenoseColl., 
Oxford;  m.,  1818,  Frances,  dau.  of  Abel 
Walford  Bellairs,  Esq.,  of  Uffington,  co. 
Lincoln  ;  s.  to  estates  1817  ;  has  issue  two 
sons  and  two  daus.  The  eldest  dau.  m.  to 
John  Colby,  Esq.  (see  Colby  of  fytione), 
the  youngest  m.  to  Rev.  J.  A.  Clarke,  of 
Welton  Park,  Northamptonshire. 

Residence :  Scolton,  near  Haverfordwest. 
Arms  :  Arg.,  a  lion  rampant  gu. 
Crest :  A  lion  rampant  as  in  arms. 
Motto :  Mea  gloria  fides. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  ancient 
Welsh  family  of  Higgon,  one  of  whom  served  as 
High  Sheriff  for  Carmarthenshire  in  1551,  and 
another  in  1558  (see  Sheriffs,  co.  of  Carm. ). 

Note. — The  old  mansion  of  Scolton  was  destroyed 
by  lightning  about  two  centuries  ago,  when  the  family 
went  to  reside  in  Haverfordwest,  and  remained  there 
till  1841,  when  they  returned  to  their  old  and  newly 
restored  family  place. 

JAMES,   John  Taubman   William,  Esq.,   of 
Pantsaison,  Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  co.  of  Pembroke,  and  J.  P. 
co.  of  Cardigan ;  formerly  an  officer 
83rd  Regt. ;  son  of  the  late  Col.  John 
James,  of  Pantsaison,  and  his  wife,  Mar- 
garet Christian  Taubman,  eldest  dau.  of 
Major  Taubman,  of  the  Nunnery,  Isle  of 
Man  ;  b.  at  Haverfordwest,  Oct.  3131, 1812 ; 
s.  1819;  m.,  Dec.  28th,  1836,  Margaret 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  Jones-Parry, 
R.N.,  of  Llwyn-Onn,  co.  Denbigh  (see 
Jones-Parry  of  Llwyn-Onn) ;  has  issue  one 
son,  Robert  Lloyd  James,  and  one  dau., 
Margaret  Ellen  James. 

Heir:  Robert  Lloyd  James,  t.  1854,  m., 
29th  Aug.,  1872,  Annie  Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of 
F.  W.  Docker,  Esq.,  of  Bangor,  co.  of  Car- 
narvon. 

Residence:  Pantsaison,  near  Cardigan. 

Arms :  Sable,  a  dolphin  naiant,  embowed  or, 
between  three  cross  crosslets  of  the  second — 
JAMES  ;  quartering  Taubman,  Bateman,  and 
Vaughan. 

Crest:  A  demi-bull  rampant,  sable,  horned 
and  hoofed  or. 

Motto:  Ffyddlon  at  y  gorphen — "Faithful  to 
the  end." 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  has  been  resident  at  and  in  pos- 
session of  Pantsaison  beyond  any  record  to  the 
contrary.  There  is  a  tradition  in  the  family  that 


there  were  thirteen  William  Jameses  in  succession 
before  the  last  two  Johns  ;  but  it  does  not  seem 
ever  to  have  had  very  extensive  possessions,  or  to 
have  arrogated  to  itself  a  place  among  the  chief 
families  of  the  county.  It  has  intermarried  with 
families  of  higher  pretensions  for  the  last  four 
generations,  the  Jones-Parrys  of  Llwyn-Onn, 
Madryn,  &c.,  the  Taubmans  of  the  Isle  of  Man 
(through  them  from  the  Christians,  Curwens.  and 
other  old  families  of  Cumberland),  the  Batemans  of 
Pembrokeshire,  and  Vaughan  Thomas  of  Poste, 
Pembrokeshire,  descended  from  the  Vaughans  of 
Brecknockshire. 

William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Pantsaison,  gr.  gr. 
father  of  the  present  proprietor,  /«.  Margaret,  dau. 
and  h.  of  Vaughan  Thomas  Esq.,  of  Poste,  co.  of 
Pemb.  His  eldest  son, — 

William  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Pantsaison,  m.  Rebecca 
Bateman,  sister  and  sole  heiress  of  John  Bateman, 
Esq.,  of  Robeston  Wathen,  and  had  a  large  family 
of  sons  and  daughters,  the  eldest  son  being — 

Col.  John  James,  of  Pantsaison  (as  above),  who 
d.  1819,  leaving  two  sons, — 

JOHN  TAUBMAN  WILLIAM,  now  of  Pantsaison 
(as  above),  and — 

Rev.  Mark  Wilks  W.  James,  M.  A  ,  who  m., 
1846,  Charlotte  Ellen,  dau.  of  Capt.  Jones  Parry, 
of  Llwyn-Onn,  co.  of  Denbigh,  and  had  issue. 

Note. — At  the  west  end  of  Pantsaison  there  is  a 
scarped  earthwork,  marked  in  the  ordnance  map  as 
"  Castell,"  locally,  however,  called  Castell-ion  ;  there 
is  also  on  a  farm  belonging  to  the  estate,  called  Waun- 
Whiod.  a  tumulus,  called  in  the  ordnance  map 
"crug,"  whether  originally  a  burial-place  or  beacon  is 
not  known  ;  there  is  also  a  smaller  one  (not  marked 
in  the  map)  on  an  adjoining  farm  of  the  estate,  called 
Bryncws. 

The  present  house  of  Pantsaison  is  of  the  Italian 
villa  style,  and  was  built  in  the  year  1836.  Two  or 
three  (and  probably  more)  successive  houses  have  been 
standing  on  or  near  the  same  spot. 


JENKINS,  Richard  David,  Esq.,  of  Pantirion, 
Pembrokeshire. 

In  the  Commission  of  the  Peace  for  the 
cos.  of  Pembroke  and  Cardigan,  and  J.  P. 
for  the  borough  of  Cardigan ;  has  been 
thirteen  times  Mayor  of  Cardigan  ;  patron 
of  the  living  of  Llangoedmore,  Card. ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Griffith  Jenkins, 
Esq.,  youngest  son  of  Griffith  Jenkins, 
Esq.,  of  Cilbronnau,  co.  of  Cardigan  (see 
Lineage,  Heyward  of  Cilbronnau,  Card.), 
by  Anne,  his  wife,  dau.  of  Richard  Jones, 
Esq.,  of  Pantirion  aforesaid ;  b.  at  Pan- 
tirion, August  i,  1815  ;  m.,  ist,  May  19, 
1840,  Elizabeth  Anne,  the  only  child 
of  John  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Tredefaid,  Pem- 
brokeshire, and  Mary,  his  wife,  dau.  of 
Thomas  Davies,  Esq.,  of  the  Bridge  House, 
Cardigan;  2nd,  February  i,  1855,  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  of  Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  surgeon 
R.N.,  and  Jane,  his  wife,  dau.  of  Hugh 
Davies,  Esq.,  a  banker  at  Machynlletl), 
Mont.,  and  has  surviving  issue — 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


903 


1.  Richard  Bowen,  in  holy  orders. 

2.  Mary  Anne. 

3.  Margaretta  Elizabeth,  m.  to  William  Picton 
Evans,  Esq. ,  and  has  issue. 

4.  Laurence  Hugh. 

Heir:  Rev.  Richard  Bowen  Jenkins,  M.A., 
Queen's  Coll.,  Oxford. 

Residence:  Pantirion,  Pembrokeshire. 

Arms:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  on  a  cross 
sa.,  five  crescents.  In  the  dexter  canton  a  spear- 
head erect  gu. — Sir  Griffith  ap  Elidur  Goch  ; 
2nd  and  3rd,  quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  three 
boars'  heads  caboshed  sa.,  for  Cadwgan ;  2nd 
and  3rd,  gu. ,  a  lion  rampant  regardant  or — 
Elystan  Gtadryiid— JENKINS. 

Crest:  A  naked  arm  holding  an  oak  club. 

Motto  :  Da  yw  ffon  amddiffyniad. 

LINEAGE. 

The  descent  is  from  Elystan  Glodrydd  through 
Sir  Griffith  ap  Elidur  Goch,  for  the  full  particulars 
of  which  see  the  family  pedigree  under  ffeyward  of 
Ctlbronnait,  Card. 

Griffith  Jenkins,  Esq.,  above  named,  and  Ann, 
his  wife,  had  issue — 

1.  RICHARD  DAVID  JENKINS,  as  above. 

2.  Griffith  John,  d.  s.  p. 

3.  Elizabeth  Mary,  m.  to  Rev.  D.  P.  Thomas, 
M.A.,  ofCwm-mawr,  Carm.,  Rector  of  Llan-maes, 
Glam.,    and  had  issue  John   Griffith   Stuart,  d. 
s.  p.,  and  Frances  Anne. 

4.  Anne,  d.  s.  p. 

5.  Mary,  m.  to  Thomas  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Park- 
y-prat,   Pemb.,   and   had   issue  Griffith  Ormond 
and  William  Henry. 

Note.  — It  is  believed  that  an  old  monastery  was  erected 
in  a  field  still  called  "  Park  Monachlog,"  on  a  slope 
not  far  from  Pantirion  House,  overlooking  the  river 
Teivi  prior  to  the  erection  by  Martin  de  Tours  of  the 
abbey  of  St.  DogmaeFs.  The  last  portion  of  the 
ruins  were  taken  down  about  eighty  years  ago.  Tref- 
asser,  in  the  par.  of  Llanwnda,  Pemb.,  now  belonging 
to  Mr.  Jenkins,  is  said  to  have  been  the  birthplace 
of  Asser  Menevensis,  the  friend  and  biographer  of 
King  Alfred.  See  Fenton's  Pembrokeshire,  p.  26. 

JENKINS,  Thomas  Askwith,  Esq.,  of  Trevigin, 

Pembrokeshire. 

Major  on  the  Retired  List  of  the  Madras 
Army,  on  the  General  Staff  of  which  he 
served  ten  years,  and  latterly  as  Deputy 
Quarter  master-General ;  in  the  Commis- 
sion of  the  Peace  for  the  cos.  of  Pembroke 
and  Cardigan  ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  Capt. 
Thomas  Jenkins  of  Pen'rallt,  Cardigan- 
shire (who  was  the  third  son  of  Griffith 
Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  Cilbronnau),  by  Jane, 
only  dau.  of  Thomas  Morris,  Esq.,  of 
Trevigin  and  Bachhendre  ;  b.  at  Trevigin, 
loth  July,  '1809;  m.  at  Madras,  on  the 
1 5th  May,  1841,  Harriet,  eldest  dau. 
of  Capt.  Henry  Hutchinson,  H.E.I.C. 
Maritime  Service,  by  his  wife,  Christian 
Wilkinson,  only  child  of  Henry  Tripp, 
Esq. ;  s.  to  Trevigin,  and  to  the  lordship 
of  the  manor  of  Monnington  on  the  demise 
of  his  uncle,  Thomas  Morris,  Esq.,  in 
1851  ;  has  issue — 


1.  Thomas  Morris,  Lieut.  Madras  Staff  Corps. 

2.  John  Henry. 

3.  Harriet  Hannah  Morris. 

Residence:  Trevigin,  Pembrokeshire. 

Anns:  Quarterly:  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  on  a  cross 
sa.  five  crescents  or ;  in  the  dexter  canton  a 
spear's  head  erect,  gu. — Sir  Griffith  ap  Elidur 
Goch;  2nd  and  3rd,  quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  arg., 
three  boars'  heads  caboshed,  sa. — Cadwgan  ;  2nd 
and  3rd,  gu.,  a  lion  rampant  or — Elystan  Glod- 
rydd, for  JENKINS,  and  quartering,  besides  thirty- 
three  others,  the  arms  of  MORRIS — Az.,  in  an  orle 
of  roses,  arg.  a  lion  rampant  or,  charged  on  the 
shoulder  with  the  escutcheon  of  Rhys  ap  Tewdwr; 
gu. ,  a  lion  rampant  within  a  bordure  indented  or, 
for  Jtnkin  Llwyd  of  Cemmaes. 

Crest :  A  dexter  arm  embowed,  holding  a  club, 
all  proper. 

Motto :  Da  yw  ffon  amddiffyniad. 

LINEAGE. 

For  full  lineage  of  the  Jenkins  family  see  Jenkins 
oj  Cilbronnau,  Card.  The  family  of  Morris,  now 
extinct  in  the  male  line,  is  descended  from  Jenkin 
Llwyd  of  Cemmaes,  of  the  tribe  of  Giuynfardd 
Dyfed,  a  powerful  chieftain  in  his  time.  He  m.  Eva, 
the  dau.  and  h.  of  Meredydd  ap  Thomas,  of  Tref- 
garn,  ap  Llewelyn  the  last  Lord  of  South  Wales, 
who  m.  the  Lady  Eleanor,  gr.  dau.  of  Edward  I., 
King  of  England. 

Morris  ap  Morris  ap  Owen  of  Pencelly,  in 
Cenarth,  ap  Hywel  ap  Jenkin  Llwyd,  of  Cemmaes, 
was  in  1580  residing  at  Fynnonau,  in  the  parish  of 
Manordeivi,  Pemb.,  and  the  family  records  further 
show  that  the  third  from  him,  Philip  Morris, 
settled  in  1650  at  Bach-hendre,  parish  of  Llanvi- 
hangel  Penbedw,  Pemb.,  and  his  gr.  grandson, 
Thomas  Morris,  of  that  place,  the  father  of  the 
late  Thomas  Morris,  Esq.,  removed  to  Trevigin 
in  1803. 

KENSINGTON,  William  Edwardes,  Baron, 

Creation  1776.  Fourth  Baron  Kensington 
in  the  peerage  of  Ireland ;  formerly  in  the 
Coldstream  Guards ;  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  M.P.  for  Haverford- 
west  since  1868;  eldest  son  of  William, 
third  Baron  Kensington,  by  Laura  Jane, 
dau.  of  Cuthbert  Ellison,  Esq.,  of  Hepburn, 
co.  of  Durham ;  b.  1835;  ed.  at  Eton  ;  m., 
1867,  Grace  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of 
Robert  Johnstone  Douglas,  Esq.,  of  Lock- 
erbie House,  co.  Dumfries,  N.B. ;  s.  as 
fourth  Lord  Kensington  on  the  death  of 
his  father,  1871,  but  is  not  prevented  by 
his  title  from  retaining  his  seat  in  the 
Commons.  Has  brothers  living — 

Cuthbert  Ellison,  6.  1838. 

Henry  George,  b.  1844. 

Residence :  69,  Grosvenor  Street,  W. 

Arms:  Quarterly  :  1st  and  4th,  ermine,  a  lion 
rampant  sa.— EDWARDES  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  gu.,  a 
chevron  between  three  crosses  bottony  or — RICH. 

Crest:  On  a  mount  vert,  a  wyvern,  wings 
expanded  arg. 

Supporters :  Two  reindeer  ppr.  armed  and 
unguled  or. 

Motto  :  Garde  la  foi. 


904 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


LINEAGE. 

The  descent  of  Lord  Kensington  is  from  the 
house  of  Edwardes  of  Sealyham,  co.  of  Pembroke, 
the  grandfather  of  the  late  Lord  Kensington,  being 
Francis  Edwardes,  Esq.,  second  son  of  Owen 
Edwardes,  Esq.,  of  Trefgarn,  whose  eldest  son 
became  progenitor  of  the  Sealyham  family.  Fran- 
cis Edwardes  m.  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Rich,  only 
dan.  of  Robert  Rich,  second  Lord  Holland,  Earl 
of  Warwick,  and  Baron  Kensington.  His  only 
surviving  son  was  William,  second  Baron  Kensing- 
ton, who  inherited  estates  of  Rich  family  on  demise 
of  his  cousin,  Edw.  Henry  Rich,  seventh  Earl  War- 
wick, but  not  title,  which  went  to  Edward  Rich, 
cousin  and  heir  male.  He  was  created  Baron 
Kensington,  peerage  of  Ireland,  in  1776,  the  former 
barony  having  expired  at  the  death  of  Edward, 
eighth  Baron,  s.  p.  m.  (See  further  Edwardes  of 
Sealyham.} 

LEACH,  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Corston,  Pembroke- 
shire. 

Late  Capt.  H.M.  45th  Regiment;  J.  P. 
for  co.  of  Pembroke ;  Sheriff  for  same  co. 
1852  ;  Capt.  Pembrokeshire  Yeomanry 
Cavalry;  eldest  son  of  the  late  Henry 
Leach,  Esq.,  D.  L.  and  J.  P.  for  co.  of 
Pembroke,  Major  Commandant  of  Pem- 
brokeshire Yeomanry  Cavalry  ;  b.  at  Ddol, 
Cardiganshire,  i5th  August,  1824;  ed.  at 
private  schools;  »/.,  1867,  Mary,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Francis  Edwardes  Lloyd, 
Esq.,  of  Plas  Cil-y-bebyll,  Glamorganshire; 
J.  P.  for  that  co. ;  s.  1864. 

Heir    Presumptive :     His    brother,     William, 
Major  H.  P.,  unattd. 

Residence :  Corston,  near  Pembroke. 
Crest :  A  swan  on  a  bugle. 
Motto  :  J  ubeo  cavere. 

LEACH,  John,  Esq.,  of  Ivy  Tower,  Pembroke- 
shire. 

J .  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  High 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1855  ;  Major  of 
Pembrokeshire  Yeomanry  Cavalry ;  son  of 
the  late  John  Leach,  Esq.,  of  Pembroke, 
by  his  wife,  Charlotte,  dau.  of  G.  Elliot, 
Esq.  ;  b.  at  Pembroke,  Jan.  8th,  1826  ;  ed. 
at  Harrow,  and  University  Coll.,  Oxford ; 
m.,  Sept.,  1851,  Mary  Anne  Agnes,  dau.  of 
the  late  Henry  Skrine,  Esq.,  of  Warleigh 
Manor,  Bath,  Somerset,  and  Stubbings 
House,  Berks;  s.  1837. 

Residence :  Ivy  Tower,  near  Tenby. 

Town  Address  :  Windham  Club. 

Arms  :  Gu.,achevronarg.betw.three  swans  ppr. 

Crest :  A  swan  on  a  trumpet. 

Motto :  Jubeo  cavere. 

LEWIS,  John   Lennox  Griffith  Poyer,  Esq., 
of  Henllan,  Pembrokeshire. 

D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke;  J.  P.  for 
the  cos.  of  Pembroke  and  Carmarthen ; 


High  Sheriff  for  the  latter  co.  in  1867;  son 
of  the  late  John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Henllan 
(see  Lineage);  b.  1819;  ed.  at  Bromsgrove 
School,  and  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cambridge ; 
called  to  the  Bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn  1848; 
s.  1834;  m.,  Feb.,  1857,  Katharine,  dau. 
of  Daniel  Poyer  Callen,  Esq.,  of  Molleston, 
co.  of  Pembroke. 

Heir  Presumptive:  His  brother,  the  Rev. 
Richard  Lewis,  Rector  of  Lampeter  Velfrey, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Residence :  Henllan,  Narberth,  Pembrokeshire. 

Town  Address :  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club. 

Motto :  Be  wise  as  serpents. 

LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Lewis  of  Henllan  trace  a  direct 
lineage  from  Gwynfardd  Dyfed,  a  lord  of  Dyfed,  or 
Pembrokeshire,  and  descendant  of  Meurig,  an 
early  King  of  Dyfed.  Gwynfardd,  a  poet  as  well  as 
a  lord  of  territory,  was  a  contemporary  with  Howel 
Dda  (the  Good),  the  Legislator  of  Wales  (//.  948), 
and  resided  near  Whitland,  Cartn.  From  the 
valuable  MS.,  "  The  Book  of  Golden  Grove"  we 
learn  that  a  descendant  of  Gwynfardd, — 

Llewelyn  y  Coed  ("of  the  wood"),  son  of  Owen 
ap  Robert,  »/.,  43  Edward  III.  (A.D.  1369)  Nest, 
dau.  of  Howel  Fychan  (Vaughan),  and  had  issue 
besides  Rhys,  ancestor  of  the  Owens  (extinct)  of 
Trecwn,  and  levan,  ancestor  of  the  Bowens  of 
Pentre-Ivan,  Llwyngwair,  and  Trelloyne  (see 
Bmuen  of  Llwyngwair),  and  other  children, — 

Philip,  of  Pant-teg,  who  had  a  son  Howel,  and 
he  a  son, — 

Lewis,  of  Panteg  (in  Velfre),  who  in.  Gwenllian, 
dau.  of  Sir  Thomas  Philips,  Kt.,  of  Cilsant 
(i5th  cent.),  (who  became  the  founder  of  the  great 
family  of  Picton  Castle  by  his  mar.  with  Jane, 
dau  of  Henry  Donne  of  that  place, — see  Lewis  Glyn 
Cothi,  Works,  p.  301,)  and  had  issue  a  son, — 

Davis  ap  Lewis  (here  the  surname  Lewis  begins 
to  be  settled),  who  /«.  Dyddgu,  dau.  of  Lewis  ap 
Thomas  ap  John,  of  Cwmgwili  (D.,  860,  p.  12)  and 
had,  with  other  issue,  a  second  son, — 

Lewis  David,  whose  wife  was  Agnes,  dau.  of 
Jenkin  levan  Powell,  and  had  a  son  David,  who 
m. ,  and  besides  an  eldest  son,— 

John  David  Lewis,  of  whom  hereafter,  and  a 
youngest,  Lodwick,  had  a  second  son, — 

Gruffydd  David  Lewis.  He  m.  Dorothy,  dau. 
of  Lewis  Richard,  and  had  a  son  and  successor, 
Reynold  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  (Velfrey), 
whose  wife  was  dau.  of  John  \  hilip  Lewis  Thomas 
of  that  place,  by  whom  he  had  issue.  Her  mother 
was  dau.  of  John  Holland,  jun. 

John  David  Lewis,  above  named,  eldest  son  of 
David,  left  a  son,  - 

Lewis  John  (Sheriff  of  co.  ofPemb.  1676?),  who 
had  four  sons, — I.  Sir  William  Lewis,  Kt.,  Mayor 
of  Bristol;  2.  George,  m.  a  dau.  of  Francis 
Phillips,  of  Waun-gron,  Sheriff  of  co.  of  Pemb. 
1680  ;  3.  Reynold,  m.  Cissil,  dau.  of  John  Lloyd, 
of  Cilgwyn,  Card.  ;  4.  Roger  :  and  two  daus., — 
Mary,  who  m.  Morris  Davids,  of  Gilfach  Simmons, 
near  Llampeter  Velfrey ;  Anne,  who  m.  John 
Howell,  of  Glan-taf,  and  a  4th  son, — 

Griffith  Lewis,  v  ho  m.  Mary,  dau.  of  Robert 
Prust,  and  left  a  son,  Roger,  whose  son, — 

Richard  Lewis,  Esq.,  b.   May,  1727,   m.  Mary, 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


90S 


dau.  of  John  Griffith,  Esq.,  of  Glan-yr-hydd,  co. 
of  Carm.,  and  by  her  had  five  children — John, 
David,  Catherine,  Mary,  and  Margaret.  Richard 
d.  in  1770,  and  was  s.  by  his  son, — 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  who  d.  unm.  in  1780,  and 
was  i.  by  his  brother, — 

David  Lewis,  Esq.,  who  m.,  1786,  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  Mr.  Morgan  Lewis,  merchant  of  Carm., 
and  had  issue  seven  children,  Mary,  John  Evan, 
Margaret,  Elizabeth,  Catherine,  Elinor,  and  Owen. 
David  d.  in  1816,  and  was  s.  by  his  son, —  > 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Henllan,  who  m. ,  1st, 
1817,  Eliza,  dau.  of  Charles  C alien,  Esq.,  of 
Grove,  and  had  by  her  two  sons, — 

1.  JOHN   LENNOX  GRIFFITH   FOYER   LEWIS, 
Esq.,  now  of  Henllan  (as  above). 

2.  Richard,  b.    1820,    in   Holy   Orders,    Rector 
of  Lampeter  Velfrey  (1851),  M.A.  of  Wor.  Coll., 
Oxford  1846  ;  ;«.,  1847,  Georgiana,  dau.  of  Major 
Lewis,   and  has  one  son,    Arthur   Griffith    Foyer 
Lewis,  b.  March,  1848. 

Mr.  Lewis  >«.,  2ndly,  in  1823,  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  William  Humphreys,  Esq  ,  of  Pembroke,  and 
had  by  her  surviving  issue  one  son,  Hubert,  and 
one  dau.,  Elizabeth.  He  d.  I4th  March,  1834, 
and  was  s.  by  his  son,  as  above. 

LEWIS,  William  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Clynfyw, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
in  the  Commission  of  the  Peace  for  the 
cos.  of  Carmarthen  and  Cardigan  ;  High 
Sheriff  for  co.  of  Pemb.  1847;  Major  of 
Royal  Pemb.  Art.  Militia  ;  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Clynfyw,  J.  P.  and 
D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pemb.,  by  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  William  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  the  Llwyn- 
y-grawys  family  ;  b.  1807  ;  m.,  1850,  Mary, 
dau.  of  John  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Ffynonau 
(Fynone),  Pembrokeshire ;  ed.  at  Harrow 
and  Trin.  Coll.,  Oxford. 

Residence :  Clynfyw,  near  New  Castle-Emlyn. 

LLOYD-PHILIPPS,  Frederick  Lewis,  Esq.,  of 
Pentypark,  Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Cardigan,  Carmarthen, 
and  Pembroke  ;  D.  L.  for  Cardiganshire ; 
a  Capt.  Royal  Carmarthen  Artillery  Militia; 
is  patron  of  the  living  of  Walton  East, 
Pembrokeshire ;  son  of  Col.  James  Philipps 
Lloyd-Philipps  (see  lineage);  b.  at  Mabws, 
Cardiganshire,  1 5th  June,  1823;  ed.  at 
Brasenose  College,  Oxford;  grad.  B.A. 
1848,  M.A.  1851;  m.,  1851,  Elizabeth 
Francis,  dau.  and  co-heiress  of  John  Walters- 
Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Aberglasney,  co.  Car- 
marthen ;  succ.  brother,  J.  Beynon  Lloyd- 
Philipps,  Esq.,  1865. 

ffar  presumptive :  His  Cousin,  Harry  Lloyd. 
Residences :      Penty     Park,      Haverfordwest ; 
Hafodneddyn,  Carmarthen. 


Arms :  Az. ,  a  wolf  rampant  argent — LLOYD  ; 
arg.,  a  lion  rampant  sa,  ducally  gorged  and 
chained  or — PHILIPPS. 

Crests :  A  wolf  as  in,the  arms.  A  lion  as  in  the 
arms. 

Mottoes :  Ar  Dduw  y  gyd.    Ducit  amor  patrise. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  of  Philipps  of  Penty  Park  (formerly 
generally  written  Pentre-park)  has  descended — as 
we  learn  from  the  pedigrees  in  Lewys  Dwiin  and  in 
the  Dale  Castle  and  Gilfach  MSS. — from  a  junction 
of  the  great  houses  of  Thomas  of  Dinefawr,  father 
of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  Bowens  of  Pentre-evan 
(see  Bmuen  of  Llwyngwair),  Philipps  of  Picton, 
and  Lloyd  of  Ffoes-y-bleiddiaid.  (For  full  lineage 
see  Lloyd  Philipps  of  Dale  Castle). 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ffoes-y-bleiddiaid,  had  a 
third  son, — 

Col.  James  Philipps  Lloyd,  of  Pentypark,  b. 
1762,  who  m.  Winifred,  dau.  of  J.  Thomas,  Esq., 
and  had  issue  two  sons, — 

James  Beynon,  who  in  1837  succeeded  his  father 
at  Pentypark,  d.  1865,  and 

FREDERICK  LEWis,now  of  Pentypark  (as  above) 

Note. — The  old  mansion  of  Pentypark  having  been, 
destroyed  by  fire,  the  present  one  was  built  in  1710. 
See  a  reference  to  the  situation  of  Per.typark,  p.  841. 


LLOYD-PHILIPPS,  John  Philipps  Allen,  Esq., 
of  Dale  Castle,  Pembrokeshire,  and 
Mabws,  Cardiganshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  cos.  of  Cardigan  and 
Pembroke,  and  the  county  and  town  of 
Haverfordwest  ;  High  Sheriff  for  co.  Car- 
digan 1844;  Major  of  Royal  Cardigan 
Militia;  patron  of  the  living  of  Dale, 
Pemb. ;  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Allen 
Lloyd,  Capt.  Coldstream  Guards,  of  Dale 
Castle,  by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Col.  Bishopp, 
of  Storrington,  Sussex,  and  assumed  the 
surname  Philipps  in  addition  to  his  own 
of  Lloyd,  under  direction  of  the  will  of 
James  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Pentypark  (see 
Lineage);  b.  at  Chichester  June  26,  1802; 
ed.  at  Bury  St.  Edmund's  School;  succ. 
1823  on  death  of  his  grandfather,  John 
Lloyd,  Esq.  (see  lineage);  m.,  ist,  Dec.  9, 
1823,  Charlotte,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Capt.  Bartlet,  R.  E.,  she  d.  1863;  2ndly, 
June  2oth,  1865,  Elizabeth  Anne,  eldest 
dau.  of  Peel  Stevenson,  Esq.,  of  Uffington, 
Line. ;  has  surviving  issue  from  the  first 
marriage  one  son  and  five  daus.  now  living. 

1.  John  Allen  (see  Lloyd-Philipps  of  Mabws). 

2.  Charlotte  Maria,  m.  Henry  Mathias,  Esq.,  of 
Haverfordwest,  and  has  issue. 

3.  Elizabeth  Mary  (see  Ackland  of  Boulston). 

4.  Mary  Frances,  m.  Capt.  Cornes,  R.  E. 

Heir:  John  Allen  Lloyd-Philipps,   late  Capt. 
82nd  Regt.,  b.  1824, 


906 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


Residences :  Dale  Castle,  Haverfordwest,  Pem- 
brokeshire ;  and  Mabws,  Cardiganshire. 

Arms  :  Arg.,  a  lion  rampant  sa.,  ducally  gorged 
and  chained  or. 

Crest :  A  lion,  as  in  the  arms. 

Motto  :  Ducit  amor  patrise. 

LINEAGE. 

Rhodri  Mawr,  or  Roderick  the  Great  (d.  A.D. 
876),  king,  first  of  North  Wales,  then  of  all  Wales, 
had  six  sons,  between  the  three  elder  of  whom  he 
divided  his  dominion,  and  the  youngest  of  whom 
was  Idwal  or  Tydwal  Gloff,  who  m.  Helen,  dau.  of 
Aleth,  ruler  of  Dyfed,  which  included  Pembroke- 
shire (see  p.  846). 

From  them,  in  the  sixth  generation  (see  Gilfach 
and  Dale  Castle  MSS.,  and  Dwnn's  Herald.  Visit, 
of  Wales],  came  the  celebrated  knight  or  Lord  of 
Castell  Hywel,  Cadivor  ap  Dinawal,  or  Dyfnwal, 
who  took  the  fortress  of  Cardigan  from  the  Normans 
A.D.  1155  (p.  168),  and  m.  Catharine,  dau.  of 
Lord  Rhys,  deprived  by  the  Plantagenet  king  of  his 
rightful  title  of  "Prince  of  South  Wales."  See 
Llovd  of  Maesyfclin  ;  Lloyd  of  Castell- Hou'el. 

His  descendants  in  regular  succession  were — 
Rhydderch  ap  Cadivor,  Rhys  ap  Rhydderch, 
Cadwgan  Fawr  ap  Rhys,  Cadwgan  Vychan,  Cadw- 
gan  Grach  of  Carrog,  Llewelyn  ap  Cadwgan 
Vychan,  Rhys  Ddu  np  Llewelyn,  Evan  ap  Rhys, 
Meredydd  ap  Evan,  Morgan  ap  Meredydd,  David 
IJwyd  ap  Morgan,  who  m.  a  dau.  of  Gogerddan, 
and  had  a  son, — 

Oliver  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ffosybleiddiaid  (the  first 
mentioned  as]  of  Ffosybleiddiaid,  a  property  still  in 
the  family).     David  Lloyd  of  Ffosybleiddiaid,  his 
son,  m.  Gwladys,  dau.  of  Richard  Herbert,  Esq. 
of  Pencelli,  and  left  a  son, — 

Oliver  Lloyd,  who  m.  a  Lloyd  of  Llanllyr.  His 
son,  David  Lloyd,  had  a  son,  — 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ffosybleiddiaid,  who  m. 
Mary,  a  dau  of  James  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Pentypark, 
co.  Pemb.  (first  mention  of  Pentypark,  which  still 
continues  in  the  family).  Their  son, — 

James  Lloyd,  Esq.,  m.  Anna  Maria,  dau.  and 
heiress  of  Richard  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Ystradteilo  and 
Mabws  ;  d.  June  6,  1800.  The  eldest  son  of  James 
Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Mabws,  was — 

John  Lloyd  Philipps,  Esq.,  who  m.  Elinor,  dau. 
and  heir  of  John  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Dale  Castle,  Pemb, 
He  d.  1820,  leaving  an  eldest  son, — 

John  Allen  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Dale  Castle  and 
Mabws,  of  the  Coldstream  Guards;  b.  1777;  m., 
1801,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Col.  Bishopp,  d.  1805,  ani" 
was  succ.  by  his  eldest  son, — 

JOHN  PHILIPPS  ALLEN  LLOYD-PHILIPPS,  Esq., 
now  of  Dale  Castle  (as  above). 


MASSY,  Edward  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Cottesmore, 
Pembrokeshire,  and  Dirreens,  co.  Lime- 
rick. 

] .  P.  and  D.  L.  of  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
formerly  a  Capt.  in  the  Royal  Flintshire 
Militia;  only  son  of  the  Hon.  Edward 
Massy,  second  son  of  the  second  Lord 
Massy,  by  Catharine,  only  dau.  of  John 
Villiers  Tuthill,  Esq.,  of  Kilmore,  in  the 
co.  of  Limerick  (see  Lineage);  b.  in  the 
city  of  Chester  on  the  4th  of  July,  1807 ; 


ed.  at  Brasenose  Coll.,  Oxford;  B.A.  1830; 
m.,  8th  October,  1835.  Helen,  only  dau.  of 
Jonathan  Havvorth  Peel,  Esq  ,  of  •Cottes- 
more (formerly  known  by  the  name  of  "the 
Cotts")  and  Uenant,  in  the  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, who  was  first  cousin  of  the  late 
Right  Hon.  Sir  Robert  Peel,  second  Bart., 
and  has  issue  6  sons,  and  7  daus.  one  of 
whom  is  dead ;  s.  to  the  co.  Limerick  estates 
January,  1836;  to  Cottesmore  by  purchase 
from  J.  H.  Peel,  Esq.,  1839. 

Residence:  Cottesmore,  near  Haverfordwest. 

Arms :  Quarterly :  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  on  a 
chevron  between  three  lozenges  sable  a  lion 
passant  or — MASSY  ;  2nd  and  3rd,  sable,  a  lion 
passant  arg  —TAYLOR  ;  and  impaling  PEEL,— 
three  sheaves  of  as  many  arrows  ppr.,  banded 
gu.,  on  a  chief  az.  a  bee  volant  or. 

Crest:  Out  of  a  ducal  coronet  or,  a  bull's  head 
gu.  armed  sa. 

Motto :  Pro  libertate  patriie. 


LINEAGE. 

Hamon  de  Massy  came  over  from  Normandy 
with  William  the  Conqueror,  and  received  large 
grants  of  land  from  Hugh  Lupus,  first  Earl  of 
Chester,  who  made  him  one  of  his  eight  barons 
under  the  title  of  "Baron  de  Dunham-Massy"  in 
Cheshire.  The  title  and  lands  of  Dunham-Massy 
descended  in  direct  succession  to  the  sixth  baron. 
Hugh  Massy  of  Sale,  a  descendant  of  Robert, 
second  son  of  Hamon,  the  second  baron,  m. 
Margaret  Percy,  and  went  over  to  Ireland  in  1641 
holding  a  military  command,  and  received  some 
years  afterwards,  in  reward  for  his  services,  the 
lands  of  Duntrileague,  in  the  co.  of  Limerick. 

Hugh,  his  eldest  son,  m.  Amy,  dau.  of  John 
Benson,  Esq.,  and  had  issue  3  sons  and  2  daus.; 
his  3rd  son,  Charles,  Dean  of  Limerick,  was 
father  of  Sir  Hugh  Dillon  Massy,  first  baronet. 

Col.  Hugh,  his  eldest  son,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
the  Rt.  Hon.  George  Evans,  father  of  the  first 
Lord  Carbery,  and  had  issue  6  sons  and  4  daus.; 
his  sixth  son,  General  Eyre  Massy,  in  reward  for 
his  services,  was  created  in  1800  Baron  Clarina,  of 
Elm  Park,  co.  Limerick. 

Hugh,  eldest  son  of  Col.  Hugh  Massy,  created 
in  1776  Baron  Massy  of  Duntrileague,  in  the  co.  of 
Limerick,  m.,  1st,  Mary,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  Col. 
James  Dawson,  of  Ballynacourty,  co.  Limerick,  and 
had  issue  3  sons  and  2  daus. ;  his  2nd  son,  James, 
assumed  the  name  of  Dawson,  from  whom  the  family 
of  Massy  Dawson  ;  2ndly,  Rebecca,  dau.  of  Francis 
Dunlap,  Esq.,  and  had  issue  3  sons  and  3  daus. 

Hugh,  his  eldest  son,  second  baron,  6.  1733,  d. 
1790,  having  m.,  1760,  Catherine,  eldest  dau. ,  and, 
with  her  sister,  Sarah,  Countess  of  Carrick,  co-h. 
of  Edward  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Ballyport,  co.  Limerick, 
had  issue  4  sons  and  4  daus. 

The  Hon.   Edward  Massy,   his  second   son,   b. 
1766,  d.  1836,  having  m.  in  1795,  Catherine,  only 
dau.  of  John  Villiers  Tuthill,  Esq.,  of  Kilmore,  co. 
Limerick,  had  issue,  besides  4  daus.,  an  only  son, — 
EDWARD  TAYLOR  MASSY,  Esq.,  now  of  Cottes- 
more, co.  Pembroke  (as  above). 
Note. — The  present  house,  erected   nearly  on  the 
site  of  the  old  house  by  the  present  proprietor,  was 
completed  in  1841.     Sec  Engraving,  p.  841. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES   OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


907 


MATHIAS,  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Lamphey  Court, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  of  the  co.  of  Pembroke  ;  High  Sheriff 
1856;  Guardian  of  the  Poor  of  the  parish 
of  Lamphey ;  son  of  the  late  Charles 
Mathias,  Esq.,  of  the  same  place;  b.  1813; 
ed.  at  Oxford ;  m.,  1845,  Emily,  dau.  of 
Mr.  J.  B.  Lawes,  Roehamstead,  Herts, 
and  has  issue. 

Residence:  Lamphey  Court,  Pembroke. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  was  formerly  of  Llangwarren,   co. 
Pemb. ,  and  held  a  good  position  in  the  county. 

Note. — Near  Lamphey  Court  stand  the  ruins  of 
Lampkey  Palace,  one  of  the  several  sumptuous  resi- 
dences of  the  Bishops  of  St.  David's  in  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries.  It  is  one  of  the  most  venerable 
piles  in  a  district  abounding  in  memorials  of  the  past. 
A  good  part  of  this  splendid  ruin  is  turned  into  a 
kitchen  and  fruit  garden,  and  many  of  the  finest 
architectural  features  are  concealed  or  destroyed. 
Whether  this  arises  from  the  want  of  thought,  or 
from  the  misfortune  of  its  having  no  owner  to  protect 
it,  we  know  not,  but  it  is  impossible  to  witness  the 
Vandalism  without  real  regret.  In  spite  of  all,  how- 
ever, the  place  continues  to  present  some  beautiful 
features,  among  which  are  remains  of  an  arcade 
similar  in  conception  to  those  witnessed  in  the  great 
palace  of  St.  David's,  and  in  the  castle  of  Swansea, 
and  in  all  cases  owing  their  existence,  it  is  believed,  to 
that  great  builder,  Bishop  Gower. 


MEYEICK,  Thomas  Charlton,  Esq.,  of  Bush, 
Pembrokeshire. 

M.P.  for  Pembroke  boroughs  from  1868; 
patron  of  the  living  of  Gumfreston,  near 
Tenby;  son  of  Sir  John  Chiverton  Charlton, 
of  Apley  Castle,  Shropshire,  by  his  ist 
wife,  Sophia  Jane,  dau.  and  heiress  of 
Thomas  Meyrick,  Esq.,  of  Bush,  Pembroke, 
whose  surname  he  has  assumed  in  addition 
to  his  own  ;  b.  at  the  Vineyard,  Wellington, 
Shropshire,  March  i4th,  1837;  m.,  loth 
of  April,  1860,  Mary  Rhoda,  2nd  dau.  of 
Col.  Frederick  Hill,  who  is  brother  of  the 
znd  Viscount  Hill,  and  has  issue — 

1.  Frederick  Charlton,  b.  July,  1862. 

2.  St.  John  Meyrick,  b.  August,  1866. 

3.  Rowland  Francis,  b.  Sept.,  1867. 

4.  Dora  Rhoda,  b.  May,  1861. 

Residence :  Bush,  near  Pembroke. 

Tcnun  Address  :  Windham  Club,  St.  James's. 

Arms:  The  Meyrick  arms— Sa.  on  a  chevron 
arg.  between  three  brands  erect  raguly  fired, 
ppr.,  a  fleur-de-lis  gu.  between  two  Cornish 
choughs  respecting  each  other  ppr. 

Crat:  A  tower  arg.,  thereon  a  Cornish  chough. 

Motto :  Heb  Dduw  heb  ddim  ;  Duw  a  digon. 


MOEGAN,  Howard  Spear,  Esq.,  of  Tegfynydd, 
Pemhr.,  and  Carmarthenshire. 

J.  P.  for  cos.  of  Carmarthen  and  Pembroke, 
and  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  bor.  and  co.  of 
Haverfordvvest ;  only  son  of  the  late  John 
Lloyd  Morgan,  Esq ,  M.D,  of  Haverford- 
west  and  Tegfynydd ;  b.  at  Haverfordvvest, 
April  3oth,  1824;  ed.  at  Swansea  and 
University  of  Edinburgh;  ;;/.,  27th  Nov., 
1856,  Annie,  dau  of  Henry  Lloyd,  Esq. ; 
s.  to  estates  1867  ;  has  issue — 

1.  Christopher  Hird,  b  291)1  Nov.,  1857. 

2.  Hugh  Kenyon. 

3.  Edith  Margaret. 

4.  Lloyd  Spear. 

5.  Katherine  Jane. 

Heir:  Christopher  Hird  Morgan. 
Residence  :  Tegfynydd,  near  Narberth. 
Crests :  A  stag's  head  couped  at  the  shoulders ; 
an  armed  arm  embowcd  grasping  a  javelin. 
Malta :  Fortitudine  et  prudentia. 

OWEN,  Sir  Hugh  Hugh,  Bart. 

Baronetcy  created  1813.  Second  Bart.  ; 
J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  ; 
Lieut.-Col.  Pemb.  Militia;  was  M.P.  for 
the  Pembroke  boroughs  from  1826  to 
1838,  and  afterwards  from  1861  to  1868 
(see  Par/.  Annals);  eldest  son  of  Sir  John, 
first  Bart.,  of  Orielton  ;  b.  1803  ;  s.  1861 ; 
m.,  first,  1825,  Angelina  Maria  Cecilia, 
dau.  of  Sir  C.  G.  Morgan,  Bart.,  of  Trede- 
gar  Park  (she  d.  1844);  secondly,  1845, 
Henrietta,  dau.  of  the  Hon.  Edward 
Rodney,  Captain  R.N.,  and  has  issue  from 
both  marriages ;  eldest  son, — 

Hugh  Charles  Owen,  b.  1826. 

Town  Address :  Reform  Club. 
Arms:   Gu.,  a  chevron  between  three  lions 
rampant  or. 

Crest :  A  lion  rampant,  as  in  the  arms. 
Motto :  Honesta  optima  politia. 

LINEAGE. 

Sir  John  Owen,  the  first  Baronet,  was  maternally 
descended  from  the  old  house  of  Orielton,  beginning 
in  that  line  with  Sir  Hugh  Owen,  Knight,  of  Bod- 
owen,  Anglesey  (see  Sheriffs,  I577)>  wno  '"•  Jane, 
dau.  and  sole  h.  of  George  Wyrriott,  possessor  of 
Orielton.  Paternally  he  was  descended  from  the 
family  of  Lord,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  Lord,  Esq., 
who  m.  Corbetta,  dau.  of  Lieut. -Gen.  John  Owen ; 
s.  to  the  estates  under  the  will  of  Sir  Hugh  Owen, 
sixth  and  last  bart.  of  that  line,  and  assumed  the 
name  and  arms  of  Owen.  He  was  created  a  Bart, 
in  1813  ;  was  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Pembrokeshire, 
and  Governor  of  Milford  Haven  ;  and  represented 
successively  for  many  years  the  boroughs  of  Pem- 
broke and  Haverfordwest  (see  far/.  Annals). 


938 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


OWM,  William,  Esq.,  of  Withybush,  Pem- 
brokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
High  Sheriff  for  co.  of  Pembroke  1859, 
being  then  of  Poyston  in  the  same  co. 

Residence ;  Withybush,  near  Haverfordwest. 
(Further  information  in  next  edition) 

PEEL,  Xavier  de  Castanos  Royds,  Esq.,   of 
Glanafon,  Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ;  Lieut.-Col. 
of  the  Rifle  Volunteers  ;  was  in  the  Army ; 
son  of  the  late  Jonathan  Haworth  Peel, 
Esq.,  of  Glanafon  ;  b.  at  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
I3th  of  July,  1808;  m.,  April  17,  1838, 
Mary,  dau.  of  Roger  Eaton,  Esq.,  of  Park- 
glas,  in  the  co.  of  Pembroke. 

Residence :  Glanafon,  near  Haverfordwest. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  from  a  younger  branch  of  the 
Peels  of  Lancashire,  of  whom  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
Robert  Peel,  Bart.,  was  the  most  distinguished. 


PHILIPPS,  Rev.  James  Henry  Alexander  (late 
Gwyther),  of  Picton  Castle,  Pembroke- 
shire. 

Clerk  in  Holy  Orders ;  M.  A.,  Trinity  Coll., 
Cambridge ;  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Haver- 
fordwest ;  was  for  many  years  Vicar  of 
Madeley,  Salop ;  is  patron  of  the  livings 
of  Morvil,  Llanycefn,  Mynachlog-ddu, 
Llysyfran  (alternately  with  J.  W.  Scour- 
field,  Esq.,  M.P.),  Begellyand  East  William- 
ston,  Llandowror  and  Reynalton  ;  author 
of  various  sermons,  published  separately 
and  at  different  times  ;  son  of  Rev.  H. 
Gwyther,  Vicar  of  Yardley,  Worcestershire, 
and  assumed  the  surname  Philipps  on  suc- 
ceeding his  half-brother,  Lord  Milford,  in 
1857  (see  Lineage) ;  b.  at  Winkfield,  Wilts, 
Aug.  26,  1814;  td.  at  Trinity  Coll.,  Camb., 
where  he  grad.  B.A.  1838,  M.A.  1841  ; 
m.,  Feb.  14,  1844,  Mary  Catherine,  dau.  of 
William  Woolrych  Lea,  Esq.,  of  Ludstone 
Claverley,  Salop  ;  s.  to  Picton  Castle  and 
the  extensive  estates  thereto  belonging  in 
1857  !  has  had  issue  2  sons  (both  deceased) 
and  6  daus,  2  living : — 

1.  Mary  Philippa,  m.,  1868,  to  Charles 
E.  G.  Fisher,  Esq.,  and  has  issue. 

2.  Amy  Octavia, 

Residence:  Picton  Castle,  Haverfordwest. 


Town  Address  :  60,  Princes  Gate,  Hyde  Park. 
Arms :  Arg.,  a  lion  rampant  sa.,  ducally  gorged 
and  chained  or. 

Crest:  A  lion,  as  in  the  arms. 
Motto :  Ducit  amor  patrias. 

LINEAGE. 

The  ancient  house  of  Picton  traces  in  unbroken 
line  from  Cadifor  ap  Collwyn,  Lord  of  Dyfed,  in 
Pembrokeshire,  otherwise  called  Cadifor  Vawr,  or 
Cadivor  the  Great.  It  has  intermarried  at  different 
periods  of  its  more  recent  history  with  the  Philippses 
of  Cilsant ;  the  Perrotts  of  Haroldston ;  the  Wogans 
of  Wiston  ;  the  Droydens  of  Northamptonshire  ; 
the  Earl  of  Wicklow's  family  ;  the  Leas  of  Ludstone, 
Shropshire,  and  of  Hagley,  Worcestershire.  Among 
the  distinguished  men  it  has  supplied  in  past  time 
may  be  named  Sir  John  Wogan,  Chief  Justice  of 
Ireland,  Sir  Henry  Donn,  and  Sir  John  Philipps 
(the  Good). 

Cadifor  Fawr,  Lord  of  Blaen-Cych,  was  father 
of  Bledri,  Lord  of  Cilsant  (the  place  which  became 
so  celebrated  as  the  cradle  of  the  clan  Philips, 
Philipps,  and  Phillipps,  so  widely  spread  in  South 
Wales) ;  and  he  of  Rhys  ap  Bledri,  whose  son,  Sir 
Aaron,  fought  in  the  Crusades  under  Richard  I., 
and  was  made  Knight  of  the  Sepulchre. 

Philip  ap  Meredith  of  Cilsant  was  sixth  in  direct 
line  from  Sir  Aaron  ;  and  his  son, — 

Sir  Thomas  ap  Philip,  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Sir 
Henry  Donne,  Kt.,  of  Picton,  who  had  inherited 
that  place  in  right  of  his  mother,  Catherine,  dau. 
and  co-h.  of  Sir  John  Wogan  of  Picton,  whose 
ancestor,  Sir  John  Wogan,  Kt.,  of  Wiston.  had 
entered  Picton  by  marrying  Joan,  dau.  and  h.  of 
Sir  William  Picton,  the  first  and  only  Norman 
possessor  of  the  place.  (See  further  Picton  Castle.) 

John  Philips  of  Picton,  son  of  Sir  Thomas,  in. 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  William  Gruffydd  of  Penrhyn, 
co.  of  Cam.,  Chamberlain  of  North  Wales.  His 
grandson, — • 

Sir  John  Philips,  was  Lord  of  Picton  when  Lewys 
Dwnn,  Deputy  Herald,  visited  the  place  in  Oct., 
1591,  and  completed  the  pedigree  of  the  family  up 
to  that  date,  and  the  document  was  signed  by  him 
as  "John  Phillipps,"  though  Dwnn  persists  in 
spelling  the  name  according  to  his  own  notion  of 
phonography,  "Ffylips,  Esgwier,  Dustus  o'r  Pies 
a'r  Corwm."  He  was  made  a  bart.  in  1621,  and 
m.,  as  first  wife,  Ann,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Perrott, 
Kt.,  of  Haroldston,  and  was  s.  by  his  eldest  son,  — 

Sir  Richard  Philipps.  Here  the  name  first 
assumed  this  form,  and  has  been  followed  by 
different  branches  of  the  clan  ;  but  the  late  Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps,  of  Middlehill.  preferred  the 
form  adopted  by  "John  Phillipps"  in  Dwnn.  Sir 
Richard  was  followed  by  Sir  Erasmus  (d.  1697), 
he  by  Sir  John  (d.  1736),  and  he  by  a  second  Sir 
Erasmus,  fifth  Bart.,  who  dying  s,  p.,  the  title 
devolved  on  his  brother, — 

Sir  John  Philipps,  sixth  Bart.  Of  another  brother, 
Bulkeley  Philipps,  hereafter.  Sir  John  was  s.,  1704, 
by  his  only  son, — 

Sir  Richard  Philipps,  seventh  Bart.,  of  Picton 
Castle,  cr.  Lord  Milford  1776,  and  d.  s.  p.  1823, 
when  the  title  became  extinct. 

Bulkeley  Philipps,  above  mentioned,  of  Aber- 
cover,  left  a  dau.,  Mary  Philippa,  who  m.  James 
Child,  Esq.,  of  Begelly,  and  left  an  only  child  of 
the  same  name,  who,  by  her  first  husband,  John 
Grant,  Esq.,  of  Nolton,  left  a  son, — 

Richard  Bulkeley  Philipps  Grant,  who  became 
in  1823  heir  to  the  Picton  estates  under  the  will  of 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


909 


Lord  Milford,  assumed  the  name  and  arms  of 
Philipps,  was  cr.  a  baronet  in  1828,  and  Baron 
Milford  in  1847.  He  m.,  1854,  the  Lady  Anne 
Jane,  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Wicklow,  and  d.  s.  p. 
1857.  His  mother,  Mrs.  Grant,  m.,  secondly,  the 
Rev.  Henry  Gwyther,  M.A.,  of  Yardley,  Wor- 
cestershire, by  whom  she  left,  besides  a  dau.,  Maria 
Philippa,  now  dec.,  a  son, — 

JAMES  HENRY  ALEXANDER,  who,  on  the  death 
of  his  half-brother,  Lord  Milford  became  inheritor 
of  the  Picton  estates,  assumed  the  surname  Philipps, 
and  is  now  of  Picton  (as  above). 

Arote.—  For  an  account  of  Picton  Castle,  with  an 
engraving,  see  p.  834.  To  the  particulars  there 
given  it  may  be  added  that  the  castle  is  an  oblong 
building,  flanked  with  six  large  bastions,  with  a  narrow 
projection,  terminating  in  two  bastions  of  smaller 
dimensions  at  the  east  end  with  handsome  doorway 
— originally  moated  ,with  drawbridge.  The  west  end 
was  materially  added  to,  at  a  very  large  cost,  by  the 
first  Lord  Milford. 

PHILLIPS,  Mrs.  LORT-,  of  Lawrenny  Park, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Isabella  Georgiana,  widow  of  George  Lort 
Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Lawrenny  Park,  (M.P. 
for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  from  1860  until 
his  death  in  1866;  High  Sheriff  for  the 
same  co.  1843  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L. ;  who  was 
son  of  John  Lort  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Law- 
renny, by  Augusta,  dau.  of  William  Ilbert, 
Esq.,  of  Bowrings  Leigh,  co.  of  Devon, 
b.  July,  1811;  ed.  at  Harrow  and  Trin. 
Coll.,  Cambridge ;  and  s.  to  a  portion  of 
his  estates  on  death  of  his  father  in  1840, 
and  to  the  remainder  on  death  ot  Sir  Wm. 
Owen  Barlow,  Bart,  to  whom  he  was  heir- 
at-law,  in  or  about  1852)  ;  is  the  only  dau. 
of  John  Hensleigh  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Cresselly, 
in  same  co.,  by  Gertrude,  third  dau.  of 
Lord  Robert  Seymour,  son  of  a  Marquess  of 
Hertford  ;  she  was  m.  to  Mr.  Lort  Phillips 
in  1841,  and  s.  at  his  decease  s.p.  1866. 

Heir :  Her  husband's  nephew,  a  minor. 

Residences :  Lawrenny  Park,  Pembroke  ;  and 
Ashdale,  Haverfordwest 

Arms:  Arg.,  a  lion  rampant,  sa.,  ducally 
gorged  and  chained  or. 

Crest :  A  lion  rampant,  as  in  the  arms. 

Motto  :  Animo  et  fide. 


LINEAGE. 

The  family  of  Lort  Phillips  trace  to  George 
Phillips,  Esq.,  M.D.,  and  a  junior  branch  of  the 
Lorts  of  Blackpool,  through  the  marriage  of  the 
said  George  Phillips  with  Eliza,  dau.  of  John  Lort, 
Esq.,  of  Prickeston  ;  and  to  the  Barlows  of  Cress- 
well.  The  property  of  the  Lorts  of  Stackpool  (an 
ancient  family  now  extinct)  passed,  through  mar- 
riage of  the  heiress  into  the  family  of  Campbell, 
now  Earls  ol  Cawdor.  John  Barlow,  Esq.  was 
High  Sheriff  for  the  co.  1562.  The  name  is  now 
extinct,  the  property  having  come  through  the 
female  line  to  George  Lort  Phillips,  Esq. 


Note. — On  the  estate  is  Creswell  Priorv,  originally 
a  seat  of  the  very  ancient  family  of  Barlow,  now 
extinct.  The  names  of  Barlows  of  Slebech  and  Cres- 
well are  often  seen  in  the  roll  of  High  Sheriffs  for  the 
co.  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

Lawrenny  Hall  was  pulled  down  after  the  death  of 
the  last  resident,  Hugh  Barlow,  Esq.,  M.P.,  who  d. 
in  1809.  The  present  handsome  castellated  building 
was  erected  on  the  ruins  of  the  old  house  in  1852,  by 
George  Lort  Phillips,  Esq.,  M.P.,  who  j-.  to  the 
estates  collaterally  on  the  death  of  Sir  William  Owen, 
Bart. 


EGBERTS,  John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Rose  Hill, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  for  co.  of  Pembroke,  appointed  in 
1860  ;  second  son  of  William  and  Mar- 
garet Roberts,  of  Milford ;  b.  at  Milford, 
February  2oth,  1828;  ed.  at  Bristol;  m., 
i st  January,  1857,  Frances  Maria  Byrde, 
dau.  of  George  Samuel  and  Charlotte  Car- 
penter Byrde ;  has  issue  2  sons  and  5 
daus. 

Heir  :  George  William  Roberts. 
Residence:  Rose  Hill,  Pembrokeshire. 
Town  Address :  Royal  Crescent,  Netting  Hill. 
Arms:  See  Roberts,  Thomas,  of  Milford. 

ROBERTS,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Hamilton  House, 
Milford,  Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  William  Roberts, 
Esq.,  by  his  wife  Margaret,  nee  Davies,  of 
Newport;  b.  at  Milford,  August  6th,  1823  ; 
s.  1837  ;  m.,  1848,  Jane,  dau.  of  John 
Ralph,  Esq.,  then  of  Beaumaris,  and  has 
surviving  issue  2  sons  and  i  dau. 

Heir:  William  Robert  Roberts,  b.  1856. 

Residence :  Hamilton  House,  Milford. 

Arms  :  Erminois,  a  lion  rampant  guardant  gu. 
in  chief,  two  square  castles  towered  and  domed 
ppr.,  all  within  a  bordure  indented  of  the  second. 

Crest:  A  lion  rampant  guardant  gu.  gorged 
with  a  collar  engrailed  gold,  holding  in  the  dexter 
paw  a  dagger  ppr.,  and  resting  the  sinister  paw 
upon  a  shield,  or,  charged  with  a  bull's  head 
caboshed  between  three  mullets  of  six  points  gu. 

Motto  :  Gwna  ddaioni  nid  rhaid  ofni. 


LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  of  Powysian  and  Dyvedian  descent. 
William  Roberts,  father  of  the  present  representa- 
tive, was  an  eminent  shipowner  and  shipbuilder, 
whose  father  was  originally  from  North  Wales, 
and  whose  family,  according  to  Lewys  Dwnn's 
Heraldic  Visitations  of  Wales,  is  entitled  to  direct 
descent  from  Celynyn  of  Llwydiarth  in  Powys, 
who  was  sixth  in  descent  from  Aleth,  Lord  of 
Dyved.  The  mother  of  the  present  Mr.  Roberts 
was  Margaret,  dau.  of  John  Davies,  Esq.,  New- 
port, Pemb. ,  paternally  descended  from  the  Havards 
of  Moilgrove,  who  are  stated  by  Theophilus  Jones, 


PEMBROKESHIRE. 


in  his  history  of  Brecknockshire,  to  be  lineally 
descended  from  Laurence  Havard,  Esq. ,  of  Cryngae , 
co.  of  Carm.,  an  estate  which  comprised  the  Dol- 
haidd  and  Goytre  properties  at  that  time.  The 
said  Laurence  Havard,  temp,  Elizabeth,  resided  at 
Cringae  Castle,  now  in  ruins.  That  part  of  the 
Priory  Church  at  Brecon  now  called  "  The  Vicar's 
Chapel"  was  erected  by  the  Havards  of  Pontwilym, 
and  the  historian  referred  to  states  that  it  was 
.called  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  "The  Havard 
Chapel."  In  the  wall  of  that  chapel  is  the  Havard 
crest,  a  bull's  head  cut  in  stone,  with  the  motto 
underneath,  "  In  Deo  spes  est."  (See  further  Evans 
of  Nantyderry,  and  Havard  of  Pontwilym.) 

EOCH.  Nichdas  Adamson,  Esq.,  of  Paskeston, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  ; 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Roch  of  Paskes- 
ton, who  was  son  of  Nicholas  Roch,  Esq., 
of  Paskeston,  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, and  Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1777. 

Residence:  Paskeston,  near  Pembroke. 


EOCH,  William  Francis,  Esq.,  of  Butter  Hill, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Son  of  the  late  George  Roch,  Esq.,  of 
Butter  Hill,  who  was  son  of  George  Roch, 
Esq.,  by  Mary,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  William 
Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llethr,  Bravvdy. 

Residence:  Butter  Hill,  near  Haverfordwest. 


SATJEItf,  Mark  Anthony,  Esq.,  of  Orielton, 
Pembrokeshire. 

(Particulars  not  received.} 

SCOTJEPIELD,  John  Henry,  Esq.,  of  William- 
ston,  Pembrokeshire. 

M.P.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke  since  1868  ; 
was  M.P.  for  the  bor.  of  Haverfordwest 
1852—1868  ;  J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co. 
of  Pembr. ;  High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  (as 
Phillips)  1833 ;  son  of  the  late  Owen 
Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Williamston,  by  Elizabeth, 
dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Scourfield,  Esq., 
of  Moat,  co.  of  Pemb. ;  b.  1808;  ed.  at 
Harrow  and  Oriel  Coll.,  Oxford;  grad. 
B.A.  1828,  M.A.  1832  ;  m.,  1845,  Augusta, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  John  Lort  Phillips, 
Esq.,  of  Lawrenny  and  Haverfordwest; 
assumed  in  1862,  by  royal  license,  the 
name  of  Scourfield  on  inheriting  under  the 
will  of  his  maternal  uncle,  W.  H.  Scour- 
field,  Esq.,  late  of  Moat ;  has,  with  other 
issue,— 


Owen  Henry  Phillips,  b.  1847. 
Residence :  Williamston,  Haverfordwest. 
Tmon    Address :    Boodle's,    and   Oxford   and 
Cambridge  Clubs. 

Note. — The  Scourfields  of  Moat  were  an  ancient 
Pembrokeshire  family,  who  intermarried  with  the 
Wogans  of  Wiston,  Bowen  of  Llech-Meilir,  Owen  of 
Henllys,  Owen  of  Orielton,  £c. 


THOMAS,  Eev.  Llewelyn  Lloyd,  of  Newport, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Rector  of  Newport  and  Morvil ;  Rural 
Dean  of  Upper  Cemmaes,  Pembrokeshire  ; 
appointed  to  Capel  Cynon,  Card.,  No- 
vember 3rd,  1822,  which  was  resigned  for 
Newport,  Pemb.,  September  3rd,  1824 ; 
appointed  to  Morvil  August  7th,  1844  ;  son 
of  John  Thomas,  Esq.,  surgeon,  &c.,  Aber- 
diiar,  Carmarthenshire ;  b.  at  Aberduar, 
November  nth,  1798;  ed.  at  Lampeter 
Pont  Stephen ;  m.,  ist,  February  23rd, 
1820,  Louisa  Charlotta,  dau.  of  Colonel 
Owen  Lloyd,  of  Cardigan ;  2ndly,  May 
2nd,  1839,  Eliza  Dickinson,  of  Guildhall, 
London  ;  has  had  issue  by  the  first  marriage 
4  sons  and  10  daus.,— by  the  second  6 
sons  and  4  daus. 

Residence:  Newport  Rectory,  Pembrokeshire. 

Note. — For  a  notice  of  Newport  Castle  see  p.  874. 
There  is  a  cromlech  below  the  town,  as  well  as  at 
Pentre-Evan.  The  tower  of  Newport  Church  is 
considered  very  handsome.  The  school,  supported 
until  lately  by  Lady  Bevan's  charity,  was  established 
about  the  year  1820. 


WALTERS,  William,  Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest, 
Pembrokeshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Pembroke ; 
High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1866;  a  banker 
at  Haverfordwest  and  other  places. 

(Further  information  in  next  edition} 


WHITE,  George,  Esq.,  of  Tenby,  Pembroke- 
shire. 

J.  P. ;  Mayor  of  Tenby  for  the  seventh 
time  in  1871 ;  son  of  the  late  Robert  Davis 
White,  Esq.  (see  lineage);  b.  at  St.  Florence 
1825  ;  m.,  ist,  Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas 
Baldwin  Dundridge,  Esq.,  of  the  co.  of 
Devon,  by  whom  he  had  issue  a  son, 
George  Dundridge,  b.  1845,  deceased; 
2ndly,  Letitia,  dau.  of  David  Hart,  Esq., 
of  Leytonstone  Park,  Essex,  by  whom  he 
has  issue, — 
Arthur  While,  b.  June  15,  1871. 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  PEMBROKESHIRE. 


911 


Heir :  Arthur  White. 

Residence :  St.  Mary's  Hill,  Tenby. 

Town  Residence :  23,  York  Terrace,  Regent's 
Park. 

Arms:  (Temp.  Henry  III.).  Sa.,  a  chevron 
between  three  stags'  heads  caboshed  or. 

Crest :  A  peacock  in  its  pride. 

Motlo  :  Stare  super  vias  antiquas. 

LINEAGE. 

When  this  ancient  Pembrokeshire  family  first 
settled  at  Tenby  is  not  now  to  be  ascertained.  So 
early  as  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century,  how- 
ever, the  name  of  Jasper  le  White  occurs.  One  of 
his  descendants,  John  White,  was  bailiff  of  the 
town  in  1415,  and  from  thart  year  we  have  no 
difficulty  in  tracing  the  pedigree  to  the  existing 
representative.  John  White  in  1420  filled  the  office 
of  mayor,  a  post  to  which  he  was  re-elected  no 
fewer  than  seventeen  times.  His  tomb  exists  at 
Tenby  Church,  but  the  date  of  his  death  is  il- 
legible. 

Thomas  White,  as  Mayor  of  Tenby,  succoured 
and  entertained  Jasper,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  the 
Countess  of  Richmond,  and  her  young  son  Henry 
(who  was  born  at  Pembroke  Castle),  on  their  flight 
to  Brittany.  He  d.  in  1482.  His  son, — 

Jenkyn,  or  John,  Mayor  of  Tenby  in  1498,  had 
issue  by  his  second  wife,  Christina,  co-heiress  of 
John  Eynon  of  Henllan,  James  White,  whose 
eldest  son, — 

Griffith  White,  m.,  firstly,  Mary,  dau.  of  Sir 
Owen  Perrott,  and  secondly,  Margaret,  dau.  and 
co-heiress  of  Thomas  Watkins,  of  Narberth,  by 
whom  he  had  a  son, — 

Henry  White,  who  m.  Jane,  dau.  of  Richard 
Fletcher,  of  Bangor,  whose  eldest  son, — 

Griffith  White,  Esq.,  of  Henllan,  Castlemartin 
(Sheriff  of  Pembrokeshire  1626),  m.  a  dau.  of 
Richard  Lort,  Esq.,  of  Stackpool,  and  had  issue, — 
Roger,  Thomas,  John,  Henry.  Thomas  and  John 
d.  unmarried.  Henry,  by  his  wife,  Mary  Bodely, 
left  one  son  only,  Griffith,  who  m.  the  dau.  and 
heiress  of  Griffith  Davies  of  Bangeston. 

Roger  White,  Esq.,  the  eldest,  had  three  sons — 
Thomas,  John,  William,  of  whom  the  first  died 
without  issue.  John's  grandson, — 

Francis  White,  Esq.,  born  at  Studdock,  near 
Henllan,  1698,  by  his  second  marriage  had  three 
sons  and  several  daus.,  the  eldest  being — 

Henry  White,  Esq.,  of  Hill,  b.  1749,  m.  Jane, 
dau.  of  Robert  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Prickeston,  and 
had  issue,  — 

Robert  Davies  White,  Esq.,  b.  1787,  m.  Martha. 
dau.  of  William  Palmer,  of  Couchyland,  and  had 
issue, — 

GEORGE  WHITE,  ESQ.  (as  above). 

Note. — It    is    noteworthy   in    the  history    of   this 
patriotic  family  that  one  of  its  line  should  be  mayor  of 


the  then  important  town  of  Tenby  when  Henry  Tudor 
made  his  escape  from  Pembroke  in  1472,  and  that  the 
present  representative,  to  who^e  exertions  was  mainly 
due  the  erection  of  the  beautiful  memorial  to  the 
Prince  Consort  (see  p.  838),  should  in  1865  be  the 
Mayor  of  Tenby  to  receive  H.R.H.  Prince  Arthur, 
when  commissioned  by  the  Queen  to  inaugurate  it. 
It  is  said  that  so  sensible  was  Henry  VII.  when,  after 
thirteen  years  of  exile,  he  succeeded  in  gaining  the 
throne,  of  the  service  and  loyalty  of  the  mayor  of 
Tenby,  that  he  granted  to  his  family — for  Thomas 
White  had  now  been  three  years  dead — a  lease  at  a 
nominal  rent  of  all  the  Crown  lands  about  Tenby, 
and  kept  up  at  intervals  a  friendly  correspondence 
with  them.  The  roll  of  Pembrokeshire  Sheriffs  con- 
tains the  names  of  members  of  this  family  not  less 
than  seven  times  between  the  years  1559  and  1657. 
(See  Sheriffs,  pp.  882—4). 

WILLIAMS,  Ben  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Merryvale, 
Pembrokeshire. 

Barrister-at-Law  (called  January,  1859) ; 
Recorder  of  Carmarthen  1872;  practises 
on  the  South  Wales  Circuit ;  J.  P.  for  the 
co.  of  Pembroke  ;  has  written  extensively 
for  the  legal  press ;  author  of  several 
pamphlets,  one  of  which  on  the  "Jamaica 
Riots "  attracted  much  attention  ;  son  of 
Rev.  Thomas  R.  Williams,  of  Merryvale, 
in  the  co.  of  Pembroke,  Independent 
Minister;  b.  at  Merryvale,  Nov.  igth,  1832 ; 
ed.  at  the  University  of  Glasgow  ;  grad. 
M.A.  May,  1854;  m.,  August  2oth,  1857, 
Margaret,  only  surviving  child  of  Thomas 
John,  jun.,  of  Dolemain,  in  the  co.  of 
Pembroke,  gentleman,  deceased,  who,  on 
decease  of  her  grandfather,  succeeded  to 
estate  of  Dolemain,  which  has  been  for 
several  centuries  in  the  family ;  has  issue 
two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

fffir :  Oliver  John. 

Residence :  Merryvale,  near  Narberth. 

Town  Address:  I,  Pump  Court,  Temple. 

Arms  :  Argent,  a  lion  rampant  sable. 

Crest :  Oat  of  a  mural  crown  a  demi-lion,  as 
in  the  arms. 

Motto  :  Heb  Dduw  heb  ddim. 

Note. — Mr.  Williams's  maternal  grandfather,  the 
late  Mr.  B.  R.  Thomas,  of  Narberth,  was  a  gentleman 
of  great  ability,  and  an  active  promoter  of  education. 
The  present  holder,  as  his  heir-at-law,  has  succeeded 
to  Merryvale,  a  small  estate  comprising  part  of  the 
ancient  village  of  Templeton. 


ANNALS,    &c,    OF    WALES. 


RADNORSHIRE. 

(MAESYFED.) 

i. — The  Name. 

THE  Welsh  name  of  this  district  took  in  early  times  the  forms  Maes-hyfed  and  Maes-hyfaidd 
— from  maes,  a  field,  and  Hyfaidd,  said  by  some  to  be  the  name  of  its  ruler,  a  son  of  the 
rather  fabulous  Caradoc  Freichfras ;  but  as  some  explain  it,  "  summer-like,  fair "  (haf-aidd). 
Maeshyfed  is  the  name  which  occurs  in  Caradoc  of  Llancarfan's  Brut  y  Tywysogion,  written 
probably  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  in  other  Bruts,  and  in  all  cases  seems  to  apply  to  a 
particular  spot  or  fortress  (either  New  or  Old  Radnor)  rather  than  to  a  district  or  territory. 
The  name  Radnor  presents  no  obvious  etymons,  but  it  may  claim  an  antiquity  almost  equal 
to  that  of  Maes-hyfed,  for  we  find  it  mentioned  in  the  Annales  Cambria  as  early  as  A.D.  1196, 
where  it  is  said  that  Rhys  ap  Gruffydd  (the  "  Lord  Rhys  ")  led  an  army  into  Herefordshire, 
and  burned  it — "  redenor  combussit ;"  and  under  the  year  1231  it  records  that  Llewelyn  the 
Great  devastated  Brecon,  Hay,  and  the  castle  of  Radenor.  There  was  an  ancient  castle  at 
'•  Old  Radnor"  in  early  times,  called  Pen-crug,  by  Giraldus  "Cruker"  (Crug-caer,  the  fortress 
rock  or  eminence),  as  well  as  at  the  place  called  New  Radnor,  once  a  considerable  town. 
To  whichever  of  the  two  places  the  Annales  refer,  Giraldus  evidently  means  by  "  Radnor  " 
New  Radnor,  and  by  "  Cruker "  Old  Radnor,  for  he  states  that  they  went  from  Radnor  to 
Cruker,  which'stood  at  a  distance  of  "  two  miles." 


2 — General  Description  and  History  of  Radnorshire. 

Radnorshire,  which  by  the  27th  Henry  VIII.,  cap.  26  (see  p.  757),  was  made  a  county 
proper  out  of  the  "  Lordships  Marchers "  formed  by  the  Normans  "  within  the  countrey  or 
dominion  of  Wales,"  in  ancient  times  belonged  principally  to  the  kingdom  of  Powys,  but 
partly  to  Gwent  and  partly  to  Feryllwg ;  it  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Montgomeryshire,  on 
the  south  by  Breconshire,  on  the  east  by  Shropshire  and  Herefordshire,  and  on  the  west  by 
Breconshire  and  Cardiganshire.  The  population  for  the  last  five  decades  has  been  as 
follows  ; — 


RADNORSHIRE.  9'3 

Total  population  of  Radnorshire — 1831  24,651 

„  »  1841  ...  ...  25,356 

1851  ...  ...  24,957 

„  „  1861  ...  25,382 

„  ,,  1871  ...  ...  25,428 

Without  any  lofty  mountains,  Radnor  must  still  be  termed  a  mountainous  county.  A 
large  proportion  of  its  surface  is  covered  by  eminences  too  high  to  be  correctly  described  as 
hills,  but  not  sufficiently  imposing  to  be  classed  with  such  mountains  as  those  of  Merioneth 
or  Carnarvon ;  and  although  in  places,  as  in  the  romantic  valley — or  rather,  gorge— of  the 
Elan,  along  the  Wye  at  Rhayader,  on  the  Ithon,  and  on  the  Edw  (made  for  ever  famous  as 
the  stream  which  watered  the  demesne  and  castle  of  Llewelyn),  there  are  spots  of  great  bold- 
ness and  sublimity,  the  heights  and  depressions  of  Radnorshire  generally  offer  quiet  and 
rounded  surfaces,  and  few  features  of  striking  grandeur.  The  hills  are  not  arranged  in  chains 


MAES-LLWCK  CASTLE  :  THE 


WALTER  DE  WINTON,  Escj.  (from  a  photograph). 


or  ridges,  but  are  massive  groups  thrown  confusedly,  as  it  were,  on  the  platform  of  the  county, 
and  left  to  settle  their  points  of  junction  and  rights  of  occupation  as  they  best  could.  Radnor 
Forest,  belonging  to  the  Crown,  and  running  nearly  east  and  west  (2,163  fee*-  above  sea-level 
gives  the  highest  elevation  and  the  most  connected  range  in  the  county.  On  the  right  of  the 
road  leading  from  Rhayader  to  Llanidlas  arises  to  the  height  of  1,750  feet  Rhydd  Hywd:  and 
Bryn  Maen  ("  the  Stone  Hill "),  in  the  parish  of  Llanfihangel-nant-Melan,  is  1,700  feet ;  Camlo 
Hill,  near  Abbey  Cwm-hir  (1,650  feet);  and  Craig-y-Foel,  near  Nant-gwyllt,  overhanging 
precipitously  the  Elan  (1,550  feet),  are  the  next  chief  eminences.  The  side  of  the  county 
lying  upon  Herefordshire  is  generally  level. 

The  Wye,  its  western  boundary,  is  the  chief  river  of  Radnorshire.  From  Rhayader  to 
Llyswen  it  pursues  a  course  nearly  due  south,  and  through  scenes  of  almost  unsurpassable 
beauty.  At  Glasbury  it  takes  a  sharp  turn  eastward,  forming  an  angle,  on  the  slope  above 


914 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  AND  HISTORY  OF  RADNORSHIRE. 


which,  in  full  command  of  extremely  rich  and  varied  scenery,  is  planted  one  of  the  most 
'mposing  mansions  in  the  county,  Maes-lhvch  Castle;  a  little  further  down  the  river  is  Clyro 
Court  (Thos.  B.  Baskerville,  Esq.),  and  Clyro  (Rev.  R.  L.  Venables);  and  two  or  three  miles 
up  the  stream  is  Boughrood  Castle  (Rev.  Hugh  Bold),  and  Boughrood  Vicarage  (Rev.  Henry 
de  Winton).  In  the  neighbourhood  of  Builth,  so  famous  for  its  scenery,  are  Llanelwedd  Ha'l 
(H.  G.  Howell,  Esq.);  Wellfield  (E.  D.  Thomas,  Esq.);  Pencerrig  (Mrs.  Thomas);  Llwyn" 
Madoc  (Samuel  Beavan,  Esq.) ;  and  a  few  miles  east,  Glascwm  Court,  the  property  of  the 
same  gentleman,  descended  from  the  Beavans  of  Ty'n-y-cwm  ;  Llysdinam  Hall  (G.  Stovin 
Venables,  Esq.),  on  the  margin  of  the  Wye  above  Penybont,  is  just  within  the  limits  of 
Breconshire.  Near  Rhayader  are  several  mansions  of  the  gentry,  as  Penlanoleu  (Henry 
Lingen,  Esq.);  Y  Ddervv  (Hugh  P.  Prickard,  Esq.);  Bryn-tirion  (Sam.  C.  Evans  Williams, 
Esq.) ;  Nantgvvyllt  (Robert  Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.),  situated  in  one  of  the  most  picturesque  dells 
in  Wales ;  Cwm  Elan  (Lady  Otway) ;  Doldowlod  (James  W.  Gibson  Watt,  Esq.)  ;  Abbey 
Cwm-hir,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Ithon  ;  and  further  north,  Penithon  (George  Augustus  Haig, 
Esq.).  Passing  Nantmel  (Rev.  Thos.  James  Thirlwall),  and  Llwyn-y-barried  (E.  M.  Evans, 
Esq ),  the  road  for  New  Radnor  eastwards,  cutting  the  county  nearly  into  two  halves,  brings 
us  to  the  fertile  district  of  Pen-y-bont,  as  remarkable  for  the  abundance  of  its  streams  as 
Llandrindod,  two  or  three  miles  southward,  is  for  its  bleakness  and  salubrity.  The  watersheds 
of  the  county  pour  into  this  favoured  locality  the  Ithon,  with  its  several  tributaries  of  the 
Clywedog,  the  Aran,  the  Carnau,  &c.,  making  a  pleasant  land  of  streams  and  richly  wooded 
valleys,  well  chosen  by  the  monks  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir  for  its  productiveness  and  peaceful 
quiet,  as  well  as  for  a  landscape  universally  admired,  as  being,  in  places,  of  extreme  pic- 
turesqueness  and  grandeur.  The  three  churches  of  Nantmel,  Llanybister,  and  Llangunllo> 
standing  at  small  distances  from  the  interesting  remains  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir,  have  the  reputa- 
tion of  having  been  founded  at  a  very  early  period  of  the  British  Church,  the  coming  of 
Austin  to  convert  the  Saxons. 

Between  Penybont  (J.  C.  Severn,  Esq.),  situated  about  the  centre  of  the  county,  and  Pre- 
steign,  the  chief  county  town,  are  Downton  (Lady  Cockburn),  Harpton  Court  (Rev.  Sir  Gilbert 
F.  Lewis,  Bart.),  the  ancient  abode  of  the  Lewis  family ;  Evancoed  (R.  B.  R.  Mynors,  Esq  )  ; 
Newcastle  Court  (Lord  Ormathwaite) ;  Barland  (T.  B.  Mynors,  Esq.);  New  Radnor  (Rev. 
T.  C.  Prickard.  Both  Old  and  New  Radnor  were  in  past  times  more  eminent  than  at 
present;  had  warlike  castles,  good  markets,  and  a  large  population — the  position  of  the 
former  being  important  from  its  natural  strength  as  an  elevated  base  of  limestone  rock,  and 
of  the  latter  as  guarding  one  of  the  principal  passes  into  the  territory  of  the  Welsh  princes 
from  hostile  Mercia.  Why  two  places  of  equal  antiquity  should  bear  the  contrasting  names 
of"  Old  "  and  "  New  "  is  not  quite  clear,  and  is  made  less  so  by  the  circumstance  that  New 
Radnor  has  been  marked  in  recent  times  more  by  decay  than  growth.  It  was  at  New  Radnor 
that  Giraldus  Cambrensis  and  Archbishop  Baldwin  in  A.D.  1188  began  their  crusading  tour 
through  Wales.  They  were  met  here  by  Prince  Rhys  ap  Gruffydd  "  the  Lord  Rhys  "),  who 
seemed  disposed  to  become  a  crusader  himself,  but  afterwards  failed — as  the  celibate  arcli- 
deacon  says,  through  the  wicked  dissuasion  of  his  wife.  Giraldus  speaks  of  Old  Radnor, 
which,  as  already  said,  he  calls  "  Cruker,"  as  simply  a  "  castle."  At  Glascwm,  he  tells  us 
(following  his  bent  for  marvels),  that  there  was  a  "  portable  bell  endowed  with  great  virtues 
called  Bangu  "  Lthe  bell  carried  by  the  sexton  at  funerals  in  all  Catholic  churches  of  that 


RADNORSHIRE. 


9'5 


period],  "  and  said  to  have  belonged  to  St.  David."  A  certain  woman  "  secretly  conveyed 
this  bell  to  her  husband,  who  was  confined  in  the  castle  of  Raiadr-gwy  [Rhayader] — which 
Prince  Rhys,  son  of  Gruffydd,  had  lately  [1178]  built — for  the  purpose  of  his  deliverance.'1 
The  keepers  of  the  castle  "  not  only  refused  to  liberate  the  man,  but  seized  and  detained  the 
bell,  and  in  the  same  night,  by  divine  vengeance,  the  whole  town  except  the  wall  on  which 
the  bell  hung  was  consumed  by  fire." 

The  town  of  New  Radnor  had  been  destroyed  by  Meredydd  ap  Owain  long  before  the 
visit  of  Giraldus.  It  again  grew  into  some  note,  but  temp.  Henry  IV.  was  burnt  by  Owen 
Glyndwr,  and  was  never  restored  to  its  former  state.  On  the  creation  of  the  county  by  27th 
Henry  VIII.,  New  Radnor,  still  maintaining  traditional  repute,  was  appointed,  alternately 
with  Rhayader,  as  the  place  for  holding  the  courts  and  assizes  of  the  shire,  but  in  after  years 
Presteign,  although  on  the  extreme  verge  of  the  county,  became  the  county  town,  and  has 
continued  so  ever  since.  The  chief  mansions  near  Presteign  are  Boultibrook,  the  beautiful 
seat  of  Sir  Harford  J.  J.  Brydges,  Bart.,  and  Norton  Manor  (R.  Green  Price,  Esq.). 

In  pre-Norman  times,  when  the  Briton  enjoyed  his  own  land,  the  great  Cantref  of 
Madicnydd  in  this  region  belonged  to  Powys,  the  remainder  of  Radnor  was  chiefly  in 
ferylht'g,  usually  described  as  lying  "  between  the  Severn  and  the  Wye,"  among  whose 
princes  Elystan  (Athelstan)  Glodrudd  is  the  best  known.  He  was  godson  of  the 
English  king  Athelstan,  of  the  lineage  of  Tudor  Trevor,  founder  of  the  "  tribe  of  the 
Marches,"  and  died  about  A.D.  1000.  The  Romans  had  doubtless  asserted  a  general 
dominion  over  this  part  after  their  conquest  of  the  Silures  (the  inhabitants  of  this  and 
adjoining  districts),  as  evidenced  by  their  roads  and  stations,  as  at  Cwm,  on  the  Ithon 
north-east  of  Llandrindod ;  but  of  their  doings  here  we  find  no  historic  trace.  The  eighth 
century  conflicts  between  the  Welsh  and  the  Mercians  are  commemorated  for  ever  by  the 
great  earthwork  of  Offa's  Dyke,  which  cuts  off  a  corner  of  this  county  between  Knighton  and 
Old  Radnor,  leaving  Presteign  some  four  miles  on  the  English  side  of  the  boundary.  When 
the  Norman  Lords  Marchers  attacked  Wales,  and  established  head-quarters  at  Brecknock 
and  Hereford,  this  district  was  absorbed  into  those  great  lordships,  under  the  rule  pro- 
minently of  the  Mortimer  and  De  Breos  families.  The  Lord  Marcher  government  was  of 
course  only  strengthened  by  the  conquest  of  Wales  by  Edward  I.  It  was  brought  to  an  end, 
Radnorshire  made  a  county,  and  the  equal  laws  of  England  established  in  it  by  Henry  VIII. 
when  the  history  of  Wales  merges  in  the  general  history  of  the  empire. 


3. — High  Sheriffs  of  Radnorshire  from  A.D.  1544  to  A.D.  1872. 

The  roll  of  sheriffs  of  this  county  with  some  few  omissions  as  far  as  the  year  1856,  was 
published  in  Williams's  "Hist,  of  Radnorshire."  The  following  list  has  been  collated  with  it, 
and  brought  down  to  the  present  time. 


HENRY  VIII. 
John  Baker,  Esq. ,  of  Presteign 


A.D. 


1544 


John  V.iughan,  Esq.,  of  Ilargest     . 
John  linulshavv,  Esq.,  of  I'rcstcign. 


»54S 
"546 


RADNORSHIRE. 


A.D. 

EDWARD  VI. 

Richard  Bleck,  Esq.,  of  New  Radnor      .  .  1547 

Peter  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook  .         .  .  1548 

Rhys  Gwilim,  Esq.,  of  Aberedw     .         .  .  1549 

Sir  Adam  Melton,  Kt,  of  Salop     .         .  .  1550 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton     .         .  .  1551 

James  Price,  Esq.,  of  Monach-ty     .         .  .  1552 

MARY. 

Griffith  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Trewern      .         .  .  1553 

Francis  Price,  Esq.,  of  Knighton    .         .  .  1554 

Sir  Adam  Melton,  of  Salop   ....  1555 

Tohn  Bradshaw,  Esq.,  of  Presteign           .  .  1556 

Peter  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook            .  .  1557 

ELIZABETH. 

John  Bradshaw,  Esq.,  of  Presteign           .  .  1558 

Stephen  Price,  Esq.,  of  Pilleth        .         .  .  1559 

Evan  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Glad estry       .         .  .  1560 

John  Knill,  Esq.,  of  Knill       ....  1561 

Sir  Robert  Whitney,  Kt.,  of  Whitney     .  .  1562 

Morgan  Meredydd,  Esq.,  of  Llyn-went   .  .  1563 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Monach-ty      .         .  .  1564 

Evan  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry       .         .  .  1565 

Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Winforton      .  .  1566 

Giiffith  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llowes        .         .  .  1567 

John  Bradshaw,  Esq.,  of  Presteign          .  .1568 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Knighton.         .  .  1569 

Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook           .  .  1570 

Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Presteign        .  .  1571 

David  Lloyd  Meredith,  Esq.,  of  Nant-mel  .  1572 

William  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Nash         .         .  .  1573 

James  Price,  Esq.,  of  Monach-ty    .         .  .  1574 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Knighton   .         .  -1575 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Monach-ty       .         .  .  1576 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Pilleth    ....  1577 

Evan  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry       .         .  .  1578 

Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Bettws          .         .  .  1579 

Roger  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Clyro       .         .  .  1580 

Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook          .  .  1581 

Rhys  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry      .         .  .  1582 

Thomas  Wigmore,  Esq.,  of  Shobdon      .  .  1583 

Evan  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry       .         .  .  1584 

Morgan  Meredith,  Esq.,  of  Llyn-Went  .  .  1585 

Thomas  Hankey,  Esq.,  of  Ludlow           .  .  1586 

Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook           .  .  1587 

John  Weaver,  Esq.,  of  Stepleton    .         .  .  1588 

John  Bradshaw,  Esq. ,  of  Presteign           .  .  1589 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Knighton    .         .  .  1590 

Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Bettws          .         .  .  1591 

Evan  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry      .         .  .  1592 

Peter  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Stocking       .         .  .1593 

Thomas  Price,  Esq.,  of  Knighton  .         .  .1594 

Humphrey  Cornewall,  Esq.,  of  Stanage  .  .1595 

Edmund  Vinsalley,  Esq., of  Presteign      .  .  1596 

Clement  Price,  Esq.,  of  Coed-gwgan       .  .1597 

Thomas  Wigmore,  Esq.,  of  Shobdon'      .  .  1598 

James  Price,  Esq.,  of  Monach-ty     .        .  .  1599 

Richard  Fowler,  Esq.,  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir  .  1600 


A.D. 

James  Price,  Esq.,  of  Pilleth  .         .         .1601 

Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook          .         .     1602 


JAMES  I. 

Edward  Winston,  Esq.,  of  Presteign        .    _  .  1603 

John  Bradshaw,  Esq.,  of  Presteign           .  .  1604 

Humphrey  Cornewall,  Esq.,  of  Berrington  .  1605 

Evan  Vaughan,  Esq. ,  of  Bugeil-dy          .  .  1 606 

John  Townsend,  Esq.,  of  Ludlow   .         .  .  1607 

Whitney,  Esq.,  of  Whitney     .         .  .  1608 

Sir  Robert  Harley,  Kt. ,  of  Brampton      .  .  1609 

John  Vaughan,  Esq.,  ofKinnersley         .  .  1610 

Hugh  Lewis,  Esq.  [of  Harpton]      .         .  .  1611 

Thomas  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-dauddwr  .  1612 

James  Price,  Esq.,  of  Pilleth  .         .         .  .  1613 

John  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Bettws  ....  1614 

Richard  Fowler,  Esq.,  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir  .  1615 

Robert  Whitney,  Esq.,  of  Whitney          .  .  1616 

Richard  Jones,  Esq.,  ofTre-wern  .         .  .  1617 

Ezekiel  Beestone,  Esq.,  of  Walton  .         .  .  1618 

Samuel  Parker,  Esq.,  of  Ludlow     .         .  .  1619 

Hugh  Lewis,  Esq. ,  of  Harpton        .         .  .  1620 

Humphrey  Cornewall,  Esq.,  of  Brampton  .  1621 

Allen  Currard,  Esq.,  of  Presteign   .         .  .  1622 

Thomas  Rhys,  Esq.,  of  Dysserth     .         .  .  1623 

John  Read,  Esq.,  of  Presteign'       .         .  .  1624 

CHARLES  I. 

Humphrey  Walcot,  Esq.,  of  Walcot        .  .  1625 

Richard  Fowler,  Esq.  [of  Abbey  Cwm-hir]  .  1626 

Evan  Vaughan,  Esq. ,  of  Bugeil-dy  .         .  .  1627 

Robert  Weaver,  Esq.,  of  Aylmstry          .  .  1628 

Griffith.  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Presteign    .         .  .  1629 

William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Llowes          .  .  1630 

John  Maddocks,  Esq.     .....  1631 

James  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Llan  .         .         .  .  1632 

Roderic  Gwynne,  Esq.,  ofLlanelwedd    .  .  1633 

Richard  Rodd,  Esq.,  of  Rodd         .         .  .  1634 

Nicholas  Meredith,  Esq.,  of  Presteign     .  .  1635 

Morgan  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Bugeil-dy      .  .  1636 

Morris  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Stones          .         .  .  1637 

Evan  Davies,  Esq.,  ofLlanddewi   .         .  .  1638 

Brian  Crowther,  Esq.,  of  Knighton          .  .  1639 

Robert  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Caebalfa         .  .  1640 

John  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Stanage         .         .  .  1641 

William  Latchard,  Esq.,  of  Bettws          .  .1642 

Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Caer-fagu      .         .  .  1643 

Hugh  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Caer-fagu  (the  same)  .  1644 

Brian  Crowther,  Esq.,  of  Knighton          .  .  1645 

Thomas  Weaver,  Esq.,  of  Aylemstry       .  .  1646 

Robert  Martin,  Esq  ,  of  New  Radnor      .  .  1647 

Robert  Martin,  jun.,  Esq.,    ditto              .  .1648 

INTERREGNUM. 

Henry  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Caebalfa          .  .  1649 

Nicholas  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Presteign         .  .  1650 

John  Dantzey,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry   .         .  .  1651 

John  Will,  Esq.,  [imperfect]  ....  1652 


HIGH  SHERIFFS  OF  RADNORSHIRE. 


917 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,   LORD   PROTECTOR. 


A.D. 


John  Walsham,  Esq.,  of  Knill 
Samuel  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Stanage    . 
Richard  Fowler,  Esq.,  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir 
John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Monach-ty    . 
James  Price,  Esq  ,  of  Pilleth  . 


1654 
1655 
1656 
1657 


RICHARD  CROMWELL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton   .  .  .  1658 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton  (the  same)  .  1659 

CHARLES  II. 

Evan  Davies,  Esq,,  of  Llanddewi   .  .  .  1660 

John  Walcot,  Esq.,  of  Walcot        .  .  .  1661 

Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Hindwell       .  .  .  1662 

Henry  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Caebalfa  .  .  1663 

Thomas  Eaglestone,  Esq. ,  of  Presteign  .  .  1 664 

Nicholas  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Heath    .  .  .1665 

Robert  Martin,  Esq.,  of  New  Radnor  .  .  1666 

Andrew  Philipps,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  .  .  1667 

Ezekiel  Beestone,  Esq.,  of  Walton  .  .1668 

Roger  Stephens,  Esq.,  of  Knowle  .  .  .  1669 

John  Walsham,  Esq.,  of  Knill         .  .  .  1670 

John  Richards,  Esq.,  of  Evan-jobb  .  .  1671 

Edward  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  .  .  1672 

James  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Kington        .  .  .  1673 

William  Whitcombe,  Esq.,  of  London  .  .  1674 

William  Probert,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  .  .  1675 

Robert  Cutler,  Esq.,  of  Farington  .  .  1676 

Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Monmouth  .  .  1677 

Hugh  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-Elan  .  .  .  1678 

Thomas  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Bugeil-dy  .  .  1679 

Henry  Probert,  Esq.,  of  Llowes     .  .  .  1680 

Henry  Mathews,  Esq.,  of  Llantwardine  .  .  1681 

Evan  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Llanbister    .  .  .1682 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton   .  .  .  1683 

John  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Coed-gleison  .  .  1684 

JAMES  II. 

Samuel  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Stanage   .  .  .  1685 

Henry  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Graig          .  .  .  1686 

William  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Norton   .  .  .  1687 

Nicholas  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Heath    .  .  .  1688 

WILLIAM  III.  AND  MARY. 

Richard  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Clyro    .  .  .  1689 

John  Fowler,  Esq.,  of  Bron-y-dre  .  .  .  1690 

William  Probert,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  .  .  1691 

Thomas  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Bugeil-dy  .  .  1692 

Hugh  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Hindwell      .  .  .  1693 

Robert  Cutler,  Esq.,  of  Street          .  .  .  1694 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Nant-gwyllt  .  .  1695 

William  Fowler,  Esq.,  of  Grainge  .  .  .  1696 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton    .  .  .  1697 

Thomas  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Caebalfa  .  .  1698 

Walter  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Ludlow      .  .  .  1699 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook  .  .  1700 

John  Waddelcy,  Esq.,  of  Hereford  .  .1701 


ANNE.  A.I). 

John  Read,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery  .     »  .  •.  1702 

Price,  Esq.,  of  Presteign          .  .  .  1703 

Morgan  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Bugeil-dy  .  .  I7°4 

David  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Coed-gleison  .  .  I7°5 

Edward  Howarth,  Esq.,  of  Caebalfa  .  .  1706 

Adam  Price,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook  .  .  ..  1707 

Hugh  Gough,  Esq.,  ofKnighton    .  .  .  1708 

William  Chase,  Esq.,  of  London     .  .  .  I7°9 

Charles  Hanmer,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  .  .  1710 

Charles  Walcot,  Esq.,  of  Walcot    .  .  •.  1711 

James  Stephens,  Esq.,  of  Bess-brook  .  .  1712 

Robert  Tonman,  Esq.,  ofFron      .  .  .  '7'3 

GEORGE  I. 

Walter  Price,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-pwll     .  .  .  1714 

Edward  Fowler,  Esq.,  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir  .  1715 

John  Clarke,  Esq.,  of  Blaidd-fa       .  .  .  1716 

John  Miles,  Esq.,  of  Evan-jobb      .  .  .  1717 

Marmaduke  G wynne,  Esq.,  of  Garth  .  .  1718 

Hugh  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-Elan  .  .  .  1719 

Fletcher  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Downton  .  .  1720 

Nicholas  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Heath     .  .  .1721 

Charles  Hanmer,  Esq.,  of  Llanddewi  .  .  1722 

Giles  Whitehall,  Esq.,  of  Moor      .  .  .1723 

Hugh  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Bettws      .  .  .  1724 

Folliot  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Stanage     .  .  .  1725 

Edward  Burton,  Esq.,  of  Fron-las  .  .  .  1726 

Edward  Shipman,  Esq.,  of  Bugeil-dy  .  .  1727 

GEORGE  II. 

Henry  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Skyn-lAs  .  .1728 

Harford  Jones,  Esq. ,  of  Kington    .  .  .  1 729 

John  Tyler,  Esq.,  of  Dihvyn           .  .  .  173° 

Stephen  Harris,  Esq.,  of  Bessbrook  .  .  1 73' 

Thomas  Holland,  Esq.,  of  Llangunllo  .  .1732 

Thomas  Gronows  [?  Gronw],  Esq.,  of  London  1733 

Matthew  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Presteign  .  .  1734 

John  Clarke,  Esq.,  of  Blaidd-fa      .  .  .  1735 

John  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Skreen      .  .  .  1736 

John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Tre-vannon     .  .  .  1737 

Sir  Robert  Cornewall,  Kt.,  of  Berrington  .  1738 

Henry  Howarth,  Esq.,  of  Caebalfa  .  .  1739 

Mansel  Powell,  Esq. ,  of  Eardisley  .  .  1740 

Edward  Price,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook  .  .  1741 

Thomas  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry  .  .  1742 

Peter  Rickards,  Esq.,  of  Evan-jobb  .  .  1743 

William  Wynter,  Esq.,  of  Brecon  .  .  .  1744 

William  Ball,  Esq.,  of  Kington      .  .  .1745 

Henry  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Skyn-las  .  .1746 

John  Patteshall,  Esq.,  of  Puddlestone  .  .  1747 

John  Warter,  Esq.,  of  Kington       .  .  .  1748 
Morgan  Evans,  Esq  ,  of  Llanbarryd  [?  Llwyn- 

barried]  . 1 749 

Hugh  Gough,  Esq.,  of  Knighton    .  .  .  1750 

Francis  Walker,  Esq.,  of  Verny-hall  .  .  1751 

Thomas  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Bugeil-dy  .  .  1752 

Richard  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Llanbadarn-fynydd  .  1753 

John  Bishop,  Esq.,  of  Gladestry     .  .  .  1754 

William  Go— ,  Esq.,  of  Kingwood.  .  .  1755 


9i8 


RADNORSHIRE. 


A.D. 

John  Lewis,  Esq. ,  of  Presteign  .  .  .  1756 
John  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-dauddwr  .  .  1757 
Daniel  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Llanbadarn-fawr  .  1758 
David  Stephens,  Esq.,  of  Nant-mel  .  .  1759 
John  Daykins,  Esq. ,  of  Llanbister  .  .  1 760 


GEORGE  III. 

John  Evans,   Esq.,   of  Llanbarryd    [?  Llwyn- 

barried] "7°l 

Evan  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn-madog  .  .1762 

James  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Trawley  .  .1763 

James  Broom,  Esq.,  of  Ewithington        .  .      1764 

Sir  Hans  Fowler,  Kt.,  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir  .      1765 

Samuel  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Newchurch        .  .     1766 
Sir  John  Meredith,  of  Brecon         .         . '  1767 

John  Trumper,  Esq.,  of  Michael-Church  .      1768 

James  Watkins,  Esq  ,  of  Clifford   .         .  .17^9 

Marmaduke  G wynne,  Esq.,  of  Garth      .  .      1770 

Charles  Gore,  Esq.,  of  Ty-'faenor  .         .  .      1771 

William  Whitcombe,  of  Clyro         .         .  .      1772 

Bernard  Holland,  Esq.,  of  Llanbister      .  .1773 

Walter  Wilkins,  Esq.,  of  Maes-llwch      .  .1774 

John  Griffiths,  Esq.,  of  Kington     .         .  .     1775 

Richard  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Llan-Stephen  .  .      1776 

William  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Llanwrthwl     .  .     1777 

Harford  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Presteign  .  .     1778 

Jonathan  Field,  Esq.,  of  Llanbadarn-fynydd  .     1779 

Thomas  Cook,  Esq.,  of  Ludlow      .         .  .1780 

Jonathan  Bowen,  Esq.,  of  Knighton       .  .     1781 

Thomas  Bevan,  Esq:,  of  Skynlas    .         .  .      1782 

Thomas  Price,  Esq.,  of  Glascwm   .         .  .     1783 

Buthe  Shelley,  Esq.,  of  Michael-Church  .      1784 
James  Price,  Esq.,  of  Clyro    ....      1 7^5 

Bridgwater  Meredith,  Esq.,  of  Clyro      .  .      1786 

John  Price,  Esq.,  of  Penybont        .         .  .1787 

Bell  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Boultibrook    .         .  .1788 

Thomas  Duppa,  Esq.,  of  Longueville     .  .      1789 

Francis  Garbett,  Esq.,  of  Knill      .         .  .      1790 

Thomas  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Pencerrig  .         .  .      1791 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton        .         .  .     1792 

William  Symonds,  M.D.,  Hereford         .  .     1793 

Richard  Price,  Esq.,  of  Knighton  .         .  .     1794 

Francis  Fowke,  Esq.,  of  Llanstephan     .  .      1795 

John  Pritchard,  Esq.,  of  Dolyfelin  .  .     1796 

Percival  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Downton  .  .      1797 

John  Benn  Walsh,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-llys     .  .1798 

John  Bodenham,  Esq.,  of  Grove     .         .  .      1795 

James  Lloyd  Harris,  Esq.,  of  Kington    .  .      1800 

Hugh  Powell  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Noyadd    .  .     1801 

John  Sherburne,  Esq.,  of  Llandrindod    .  .     1802 
Marmaduke  Thomas  Howell  Gwynne,  Esq., 

Llanelwedd 1803 

Thomas  Frankland  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton  .      1804 

Charles  Rogers,  Esq.,  of  Stanage    .         .  .     1805 

Thomas  Stephens,  Esq.,  of  Kinnerton    .  .     1806 

Thomas  Burton,  Esq.,  of  Llanbister        .  .      1807 

Thomas  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Pencerrig       .  .     1808 

Thomas  Whittaker,  Esq.,  of  Casc6b        .  .     1809 

George  Crawford  Ricketts,  Esq.,  of  Cwm  .      :8io 


A.D. 

John   Cheesement   Severn,   Esq.,   of   Michael 

Church 1811 

Thomas  Grove,  Esq.,  jun.,  of  Cwm-Elan        .  1813 
Daniel  Reed,  Esq.,  of  Cornel          .         .         .  1813 
Charles  Humphreys  Price,   Esq.,  of  Knighton  1814 
William  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Caebalfa          .         .  1815 
Sir  Harford  Jones  Brydges,   Bart.,  of  Boulti- 
brook     .......  1816 

Penry  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Penllan       .         .         .1817 

Hugh  Stephens,  Esq.,  of  Casc6b   .         .         .  1818 

Morgan  John  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn-barried  .  1819 

James  Crummer,  Esq.,  of  Howey  Hall  .         .  1820 

Robert  Peel,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-Elan    .         .         .  1821 

Peter  Richard  Mynors,  Esq.,  of  Evan-coed     .  1822 
John  Hugh  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Clyro          .         .1823 

Hugh  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn-Madoc  .         .  1824 

Sir  John  Benn  Walsh,  Bart.,  of  Cefn-llys        .  1825 
James  Watt,  Esq.,  of  Doldowlod  [the  eminent 

engineer]         ......  1826 

Samuel  Beavan,  Esq.,  of  Glas-cwm         .         .  1827 
David  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Well-field         .         .1828 

John  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Kington        .         .         .  1829 

Robert  Bell  Price,  Esq. ,  of  Downfield    .         .  1830 

Thomas  Duppa,  Esq.,  of  Longueville     .         .  1831 

Thomas  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn-barried  .         .  1832 
Walter  Wilkins,  Esq.,  of  Maes-llwch      .         .1833 

Guy  Parsons,  Esq.,  of  Presteign     .         .         .  1834 

Thomas  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Crossfoot     .         .  1835 

James  William  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Glasbury      .  1836 

Hans  Busk,  Esq.,  of  Nant-mel        .         .         .  1837 

Sir  John  Dutton  Colt,  Bart.,  of  Llanyre          .  1838 

Henry  Lingen,  Esq.,  of  Penlan-oleu       .         .  1839  • 

Edward  Rogers,  Esq.,  of  Stanage  Park  .         .  1840 

Edward  Breese,  Esq.,  of  Knighton          .         .  1841 

David  Oliver,  Esq.,  of  Rhydoldog          .         .  1842 

Edward  David  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Wellfield      .  1843 

David  James,  Esq.,  of  Wonaston,  Presteign     .  1844 

James  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Moor  Court         .         .  1845 

Thomas  Prickard,  Esq.,  of  Dderw           .         .  1846 

Henry  Miles,  Esq.,  of  Downfield   .         .         .  1847 

John  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  Brampton  Brian         .  1848 

Edw.  Myddleton  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn-barried  1849 

Edward  Morgan  Stephens,  Esq.,  of  Llananno  1850 

Aspinall  Phillips,  Esq.,  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir     .  1851 
Sir    Harford  James  Jones   Brydes,    Bart.,   of 

Boultibrook 1852 

Jonathan  Field,  Esq.,  of  Esgair-drain-llwyn    .  1853 

John  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Cefn-faes         .         .         .  1854 
John  Abraham  Whittaker,  Esq.,  of  Newcastle 

Court 1855 

Robert  Baskerville  Mynors,  Esq.,  of  Evan-coed  1856 
Francis  Evelyn,  Esq.,  of  Corton      .         .         .1857 

Howel  Gwynne  Howell,  Esq.,  of  Llanelwedd  1858 

James  Watt  Gibson  Watt,  Esq.,  of  Doldowlod  1859 

George  Harry  Philips,  Esq.,  Abbey  Cwm-hir  1860 

George  Greenwood,  Esq.,  of  Abernant    .         .  1861 

Walter  de  Winton,  Esq.,  of  Maesllwch  Castle  1862 

Henry  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Pencerrig          .         .  1863 

George  Augustus  Haig,  Esq.,  of  Pen-Ithon     .  1864 

Thomas  William  Higgins,  Esq.,  Cwm  Llanyre  1865 

Edward  Coates,  Esq.,  of  Whitton  .         .         .  i860 


PARLIAMENTARY  ANNALS  OF  RADNORSHIRE. 


919 


A.D. 

Charles  Marsh  Vialls,  Esq.,  of  Hendre    .         .1867 
Walter  Thomas  Mynors  Baskerville,  Esq.,  of 

Clyro  Court 1868 

James  Beavan,  Esq.,  of  Presteign   .         .         .     1869 


A.D. 

Edward  Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  The  Grove  .  .  1870 
Sir  John  James  Walsham,  Bart.,  of  Knill  Court  1871 
Robert  Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Nant-gwyllt  .  1872 
John  Percy  Severn,  Esq. ,  Penybout,  nom.  for  1873. 


4, — Members  of  Parliament  for  Radnorshire  and  Radnor  Boroughs  from  A.D.  i$42 

to   A.D.   1872. 


HENRY  VIII. 
Sir  John  Baker,  Kt.,  for  County     . 

EDWARD  VI. 
Rhys  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Borough  , 

MARY. 

Charles  Vaughan,  Esq. ,  for  the  Co. 
Rhys  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar. 
John  Bradshaw,  jun.,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Robert  Vaughan,  Gent.,  for  the  Bar. 

PHILIP  AND  MARY. 

Charles  Vaughan,  Esq.  (?},  for  the  Co. 

John  Knill,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar. 

No  name  given  for  the  Co.       .         .         .         .  7 

Stephen  Price,  Esq.  (Presteigne),  for  the  Bar.  ) 

Jenner  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 

Rhys  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Bar. 


1542 
•     1547 

'.  \  'S53 
'  |  1554 


1554 


'557 


ELIZABETH. 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.     . 
Robert  Vaughan,  Esq. ,  for  the  Bar. 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq  ,  for  the  Co.     . 
Morgan  Price,  Esq. ,  for  the  Bor.    . 
Walter  Price,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Rhys  I-ewis,  Esq .,  for  the  Bor. 
Roger  Vaughan,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  . 
Watkin  Vaughan,  Gent.,  for  the  Bor. 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.     . 
Hugh  Davies,  Gent.,  for  the  Bor.    . 
The  same  for  Co.  and  Bor.  respectively   . 
Evan  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
James  Walter,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.    . 
James  Price,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Thomas  Crompton,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.     . 
James  Price,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Stephen  Price,  (?),  for  the  Bor. 

JAMES  I. 

James  Price,  Esq.,  Tor  the  Co. 
Sir  Robert  Harley,  Kt.,  for  the  Bor. 
The  same  for  Co.  and  Bor.  respectively    . 
James  Price,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Charles  Price,  Gent.,  for  the  Bor.    . 
James  Price,  Esq.,  of  Pilleth,  for  the  Co. 
Charles  Price,  Gent.,  for  the  Bor.  . 


1559 


:} 

;}'563 
•j  '571 

'.}  IS72 
•j  '585 
.  1586 
1588 

"592 
'597 


'  I  1603 
.  1614 

; 1  1623 
•  I  1626 


Richard  Jones,  Esq. ,  for  the  Co. 

Charles  Price,  Gent.,  for  the  Bor.    . 

The  same  for  Co.  and  Bor.  respectively  . 

Charles  Price,  Esq.,  suee.  by—      \  for  the  Cg 

Arthur  Annesley,  Esq.         .         .  j 

Philip  Warwick,  Esq.,  succ.  by- j  forthej5o/.. 

Robert  Harley,  Esq.   .         .         .  ) 


1628 
1640 

1640 

to 

'653 


THE  COMMONWEALTH  AND  CROMWELL. 

Six 


"Rump"     or     "Little"     Parliament: 
Members  summoned  for  all  Wales    . 


1653 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,    LORD   PROTECTOR. 


George  Gwyn,  Esq. ,  for  the  Co. 
Henry  Williams,  Esq.  [for  the  Bor.  ?] 
The  same       ..... 


1654 
1656 


•Ji6S8 


RICHARD  CROMWFXL,  LORD  PROTECTOR. 

Henry  Williams,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  . 
Robert  Weaver,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor. 


CHARLES  II. 

Sir  Richard  Lloyd,  Kt.,  for  the  Co. 
Member  for  Bor.  not  found     .         .         . 
Rowland  Gwynne,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Member  for  the  Bor.  not  found 

JAMES  II. 

Richard  Williams,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Member  for  Bor.  not  found    . 
Sir  Rowland  Gwynne,  Kt.,  for  the  Co.    . 
Member  for  Bor.  not  found    . 

WILLIAM  III.  AND  MARY. 

John  Jefferies,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.       . 
Member  for  Bor.  not  found     . 
Thomas  Harley,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  . 
Member  for  Bor.  not  found     . 

ANNE. 

Thomas  Harley,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  . 
Thomas  Harley,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  . 
Robert  Harley,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  . 
Thomas  Harley,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  . 
Lord  Edward  Harley  for  the  Bor.  . 


1660 
1678 

• J  1685 
•|  1688 


j  1690 
1698 


1702 
1707 

1710 


920 


RADNORSHIRE. 


A.D. 

•  I  I7H 

'}   1715 
' I   1722 


GEORGE  I. 

Sir  Richard  Fowler,  Bart.,  for  Co.  . 
Lord  Edward  Harley  for  the  Bor.   . 
Sir  Richard  Fowler,  Bart.,  for  Co. 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  . 
Sir  Humphrey  Howarth,  Kt.,  for  the  Co. 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  . 

GEORGE  II. 
Sir  Humphrey  Howarth,  Kt.,  for  the  Co.  [sat  \ 

till  17551 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq. ,  for  the  Bor.  [sat  till  1768]  ) 
Howel  Gwynne,  jun.,  Esq.,  for  the  Co. 
Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.  . 

GEORGE  III. 

Lord  Carnarvon  for  the  Co. 

Thomas  Lewis,  Esq.,  for  the  Bor.     . 

[Edward  Lewis  also  ret.  for  Bar.,  but  retired.] 

Chase  Price,  Esq.,  of  Harpton,  for  Co. 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton       j  for  Bgr 

Ed  ward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Downton 

[Double  return — Edward  Lewis  seated.] 

Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Downton. 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton 

[On  petition,  Edward  Lewis  seated.] 

Thomas  Johnes,  Esq.  [of  Llanfair-Clydogau, 
Card.,  and  of  Croft  Castle,  Heref.],  for  the 
Co 

Thomas  Johnes,  jun.,  Esq.  [son  of  last  ;  of 
Hafod,  Card.,  M.P.  for  Cardigan  1774], 
for  the  Co. }•  1770 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton 

Edward  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Downton 

[Double  return  :  on   petition,  John  Lewis 
of  Downton  seated.] 


'755 


•  }  1761 


or  Co.    .         .-. 

\  fa  gor        f 
\  '  ) 


(or  Bor.       '774 


1777 


David  Murray,  Esq.  (brother  to  Lord  Elibank), 

for  the  Bor. 179° 

Viscount  Maiden,  vice  Murray  dec.,  for  Bor.    .     1794 
Walter  Wilkins,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.    .         .         .  )         g 
Richard  Price,  Esq. ,  vice  Maiden,  for  Bor.       .  ) 
Walter  Wilkins,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.    .         .         .     1802 

[Contested  by  John  Macnamara.  ] 
Richard  Price,  Esq.,  [sat  till  1847]  for  the  Bor.    1812 

[Contested  by  Percival  Lewis.] 


GEORGE  IV. 

Right  Hon.  Thomas  Frankland    Lewis,  rice 
Wilkins  deceased,  for  the  Co. 


1828 


WILLIAM  IV. 
Walter  Wilkins,  Esq.,  for  the  Co.  . 

VICTORIA. 


•     1835 


Walter  Wilkins,  Esq.  (the  same,  d.  1840)  .  1837 
Sir  John  Benn  Walsh,  Bart.,  for  the  Co.  1840—1868 
Right  Hon.  Sir  Thomas  Frankland  Lewis, 

Bart.,  vice  Price,  for  the  Bor.   .         .         .     1847 
Sir  George  Comewall  Lewis,  Bart.,  trice  Lewis 

dec.,  for  the  Bar. 1855 

Richard  Green  Price,  Esq.,  vice  Lewis  dec.,  for 

the  Bor. ;        .     1863 

Hon.    Arthur  Walsh,  vice   Walsh  raised  to 

the  peerage,  for  the  Co 1868 

[The  present  sitting  Member,  1872.] 
Marquess  of  Hartingten,  vice  Price  retired,  for 

the  Bor. 1869 

[The present  sitting  Member,  1872.] 


THE    COUNTY    FAMILIES    OF    RADNORSHIRE. 


BASKERVILLE,  Walter  Thomas  Mynors,  Esq., 
of  Clyro  Court,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  I,,  for  the  co.  of  Radnor ; 
High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1868;  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  B.  Mynors  Basker- 
ville,  Esq.,  of  Clyro  Court,  J.  P.  and  D.  L., 
and  sometime  M.P.  for  Herefordshire,  by 
his  second  wife,  Elizabeth  Mary,  dau.  of 
Rev.  Powell  Colchester  Guise;  b.  1839; 
s.  on  death  of  his  father  1864. 

Heir  (presumptive) :  His  brother,  Henry  With- 
erstone,  b.  1841,  an  officer  in  the  army. 

Residence :  Clyro  Court,  near  Hay. 

Arms:  Arg.,  a  chevron  gu.  between  three 
hurts. 

Crest:  A  wolfs  head  erased,  arg.,  holding  in 
the  mouth  a  broken  spear. 

Motto  :  Spero  ut  fidelis. 

LINEAGE. 

The  line  of  Baskerville  is  traceable  to  the  age  of 
the  Conquest,  and  finds  its  first  representative  in 
England  on  the  roll  of  Battle  Abbey  as  Baskervile, 
and  in  Leland's  Collectanea,  as  Baskville. 

John  Baskerville,  Esq.,  of  Aber-Edw,  co.  of 
Radnor  (A.  D.  1597),  was  son  of  Humphrey  Basker- 
ville, whose  brother  Tames  was  ancestor  of  the 
later  Baskervilles  of  Erdisley,  Heref.,  whose 
pedigree  was  recorded  in  the  Visitation  of  Hereford 
in  1634  (see  note  on  Dwnn's  Herald.  Visit,  of 
Wales,  \.,  236).  He  m.  Sarah,  dau.  of  Thomas 
Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton.  Fifth  in  descent  from 
John  Baskerville  was — 

Thomas  Baskerville,  Esq.,  of  Aber-Edw,  whose 
line  terminated  in  an  heiress,  whose  dau.,  Meliora 
Powell,  in  1787  m,  Peter  Rickards  Mynors,  Esq., 
of  Treago,  (Tre-iago)  and  had  a  second  son, — 

Thomas  Baskerville  Mynors,  who  on  the  death 
s.  p.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Baskerville,  of  Richardston, 
representative  of  the  elder  branch,  inherited  his 
estates  and  assumed  the  surname  Baskerville  in 
addition  to  his  own  of  Mynors.  His  eldest  son 

WALTER  THOMAS  B.  MYNORS  BASKERVILLE, 
is  now  of  Clyro  Court  (as  above). 

BEAVAN,  Samuel,  Esq.,  of  Glasoomh  Court 
Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor; 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  18 — ;  only  surviving 
son  of  Edward  Beavan,  Esq.,  of  Kington, 
by  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Lewis;  b.  1790,  at 
Island  House,  Kington;  m.,  Firstly, 


Elizabeth,  dau.  and  heiress  of Lewis, 

Esq.,  zndly,  Eliza,  dau.  and  heiress  of 
Dr.  Gommery  of  Leominster  ;  srdly,  1855, 
Eliza  Ann  (d.  1872),  dau.  of  Hugh 
Vaughan,  Esq.,  of  Llwynmadock,  Radnor- 
shire, J.  P.  and  D.  L.  of  that  co.,  and  High 
Sheriff  for  the  same  1825  ;  and  has  issue. 

Residence :  Glascomb  Court,  Colwyn,  near 
Builth. 

Arms:  Az.(  a  dove  arg.  between  three  gem 
rings  or. 

Crest :  On  a  mount  vert  an  eagle  rising,  in  its 
beak  a  gem  ring,  as  in  the  arms. 

Motto  :  Semper  virtute  constans. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  maternally  from  the  Beavan 
ofTy'n-y-cwm,  Rad.,  and  paternally  from  the  Sevan 
of  Castle  Cradock,  Carm.,  members  of  which  family 
served  the  office  of  sheriff  for  the  co.  of  Carmarthen 
on  several  occasions  (see  Sheriffs'). 

Francis  Beavan,  LL.D.,  of  Ty'n-y-cwm,  Radnor- 
shire, had  a  grandson, — 

John  Beavan,  b.  1609,  whose  only  dau.  and 
heiress  m.  John  Bevan  of  Castle  Cradock,  Car- 
marthen, b.  1648,  </.  1693.  The  Bevans  of  Castle 
Cradock  originated  in 

Lewis  Bevan,  whose  grandson,  Lewis  Bevan, 
Esq.,  of  Pen-y-coed,  High  Sheriff  for  the  co.  of 
Carmarthen^ 634,  m.  Miss  Lewis  of  Carmarthen, 
and  had  with  other  issue, — 

John  Bevan,  above  mentioned. 

John  Bevan  had  issue  by  Miss  Beavan  of  Ty'ny- 
cwm,  Samuel,  b.  1680  (d.  1721),  m.,  1708,  Hannah 
Beavan  of  Llwyn-gwilym,  and  had  issue  a  son, — 

Samuel  Beavan  (6.  1721),  who  adopted  the  sur- 
name (Beavan)  of  his  maternal  ancestors ;  m., 
1742,  Fortune  Williams  of  Skreen,  Radnor  (she  d. 
1802),  and  had,  with  other  issue, — 

Samuel,  Rector  of  Newchurch,  d.  s.  p.  1820; 
John  ;  and  Edward, 

John  Beavan,  b.  1748,  Major  Commandant  of 
the  Radnorshire  Militia,  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 

Trumper,  Esq.,  of  Michael  Church,  and  had 

issue  Hannah  (whom.  Rev.  John  Wall  of  Kington, 
d.  1826). 

Samuel,  of  Ty'nycwm,  J.  P.,  Major  of  the 
Hereford  Militia;  b.  1783  (d.  1836),  m.,  1808, 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Nicholas  Simmonds,  Esq.,  of 
Dover,  and  had  issue,  Samuel  (who  d.  young)  ; 
John,  b.  1793,  d.  1849,  Capt.  in  the  54th  Regt.  , 
Henry  Augustus,  d.  1843,  Surgeon  Hereford  Mi- 
litia, and  in  practice  at  Hereford,  and 

Elizabeth  Hezilrigge  Curre,  6.  1816  ;  m.,  1836, 
Frederick  Seekamp  Dixon,  Esq.,  son  of  Thomas 
Dixon,  Surgeon  Hereford  Militia,  and  has  issue,— 

Rosa  Theresa  Mary  Seekamp,  *.  1837,  d.  1840. 

Anne  Maria  Elizabeth  Beavan,  b.  1845. 

Arthur  Thomas  Frederick  Beavan,  b.  1847. 


922 


RADNORSHIRE. 


Frederica  Frances  Mary  Seekamp,  b.  1849. 

Hannah  Rosina  D'Olly  Wall,  *.  1851. 

Edward  Beavan,  Esq.,  above  named,  b.  1761 
(d.  1831),  m.  Mary  Lewis,  and  had  by  her  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  among  whom  were  the 
following  : — Edward,  b.  1784,  Lieut,  in  the  1st 
Royals,  d.  at  Lisbon,  "John,  b.  1787,  d.  s.  p. 
Henry  (d,  1838),  m.  Mary  Nicholls,  and  had  issue. 
He  was  paymaster  of  the  Hereford  Militia.  Fortune, 
m.  to  Morris  Sayce.  Theophilus,  d.  s.  p.  Thomas, 
d.  1843  s-  P  >  was  Surgeon  7th  Hussars,  and — 

SAMUEL  BEAVAN,  Esq.,  now  of  Glascomb  Court 
(as  above). 

BRYD&E8,  Sir  Harford  James  Jones-,  Bart, 
of  Boultibrook,  Radnorshire. 

Baronetcy  created  1807.  Second  Baronet ; 
J.  P.  for  cos.  of  Radnor  and  Hereford; 
High  Sheriff  for  Radnor  1852;  only  son 
of  the  late  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Harford  Jones 
Brydges,  Bart.,  K.C.,  LL.D.,  of  Boulti- 
brook,  sometime  ambassador  in  Persia  ; 
b.  at  The  Whittern  (Lyonshall  Parish), 
Herefordshire,  1808 ;  grad.  at  Merton  Coll., 
Oxford,  B.A.  1830,  M.A.  1858;  m.,  Octo- 
ber 10,  1850,  Mary  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  Captain  John  Moberly,  R.N.,  at 
Barrie,co.  ofSimcoe,  Dominion  of  Canada; 
s.  1847. 

Residence:  Boultibrook,  near  Presteign. 
Town  Address :  Athenaeum  Club,  Piccadilly. 

Arms  :  The  arms  of  Harford,  Brydges,  Moberly, 
and  Jones.  The  arms  of  Brydges  and  Jones  are 
quartered  thus:  1st  and  4th,  arg.,  a  chief  gu. 
over  all  a  bend  engrailed  sa.,  charged  on  the 
chief  point  with  a  chaplet  or — BRYDGES  ;  2nd 
and  3rd,  arg.,  a  chevron  between  three  crows  sa., 
in  chief  the  star  of  the  Order  of  the  Crescent  ; 
on  a  chief  of  augmentation  vert  a  lion  couchant  in 
front  of  the  sun  in  splendour  ppr.,  being  the 
royal  arms  of  Persia,  granted  to  the  first  Bart,  by 
Fateh  All  Shah,  King  of  Persia — JONES. 

Crests:  I.  Two  wings  addorsed  arg.,  charged 
with  a  bend  engrailed  sa. — Brydges ;  2,  on  a 
cushion  gu.,  garnished  and  tasselled  or,  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  royal  crown  of  Persia — Jones ; 
3,  a  crow  sa.,  resting  the  dexter  claw  on  the  star 
of  the  Order  of  the  Crescent. 

Supporters  :  Dexter,  a  wyvem  vert  gorged  with 
an  eastern  crown  or ;  sinister,  a  lion  ppr.  gorged 
with  an  Eastern  crown  vert,  granted  by  royal 
warrant  with  the  arms  of  Jones,  1810. 

Motto  :  Deus  pascit  corvos. 

LINEAGE. 

Lieut. -Col.  James  Jones,  son  of  Griffith  Jones, 
Esq.,  of  Trewern,  Radnorshire,  distinguished  him- 
self in  the  battle  of  Blenheim,  and  received  from 
the  hand  of  Queen  Anne  a  sword  of  honour,  still 
preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  family.  By  his 
third  wife,  Mary,  dau.  and  co-h.  of  B.  Harford, 
Esq.,  of  Bosbury,  Heref.,  he  left  a  son,— 

Harford  Jones,  Esq.,  who  m.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
William  Brydges,  Esq.,  of  Old  Col  wall,  Heref.  His 
.only  son, — 

Harford  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Presteign,  Sheriff  of  co. 
Radnor  1778  ;  d.  1798,  leaving  an  only  son,— 

The  Right.   Hon.   Sir  Harford  Jones  Brydges, 


Bart.,  of  Boultibrook,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  in 
Persia,  &c. ;  created  a  baronet  1807;  m.,  1796, 
Sarah,  dau.  of  Sir  Henry  Gott,  Kt.,  and  widow  of 
Robert  Whitcomb,  Esq.,  of  Whittern,  Hereford- 
shire ;  assumed  in  1826,  by  royal  licence,  the  sur- 
name Brydges  in  addition  to  his  own  of  Jones,  and 
left,  with  other  issue, — 

HARFORD  JAMES  JONES-BEYDGES,  the  present 
Baronet,  of  Boultibrook  (as  above). 


COCKBURN,  Sir  Robert,  Bart.,  of  Downton, 
Radnorshire. 

Creation  1628. — Eighth  Baronet,  and  a 
minor;  son  of  Sir  Edward  Cludde  Cock- 
burn,  seventh  Bart.,  of  Cockburn,  Berwick- 
shire, by  his  wife  Mary  Anne  Frances,  dau. 
of  Robert  Kerr  Elliot,  Esq.,  of  Harwood 
and  Clifton,  Roxburghshire;  b.  1861 ;  has 
a  brother,  James  Stanhope,  b,  1867,  and 
three  sisters. 

Residence  :  Downton,  New  Radnor. 

Arms :  Quarterly :  1st  and  4th,  gu.,  six  mascles 
or,  three,  two,  and  one  ;  and  and  3rd,  arg., 
three  cocks  gu. ;  in  the  centre  over  all  a  heart 

g"- 

Crest :  A  cock  ppr. 

Supporters  :  Two  lions  rampant  gu. 

Motto:  Accendit  cantu.  Over  Crest :  Vigi- 
lans  et  audax. 

DE  WINTON,  Rev.  Henry,  Boughrood,  Radnor- 
shire. 

Rector  of  Boughrood  1849;  Rural  Dean  ; 
Proctor  in  Convocation  for  the  diocese  of 
St.  David's ;  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Walter 
de  Winton,  Vicar  of  Llanigon,  Bronllys, 
and  Boughrood,  diocese  of  St.  David's ;  b. 
at  Hay  7th  Nov.,  1823;  ed.  at  Shrewsbury 
School  and  Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge ;  grad. 
B.A.  1846,  M.A.  1849;  m.,  yth  Nov.,  1848, 
Thomasine  Septima,  dau.  of  Rev.  John 
Collinson,  Rector  of  Boldon,  Durham;  has 
issue  seven  sons  and  seven  daus.  (including 
one  dau.  deceased). 

Residence :  Boughrood  Rectory,  Radnorshire. 
Arms:  Arg.,  a  wyvern  vert. 
Crest :  A  wyvern's  head  erased  vert. 
Motto:  Syn  ar  dy  hyn  (=Estote  prudentes). 

LINEAGE. 

The  descent  is  from  Robert  de  Wintona,  who 
came  into  Glamorganshire  with  Robert  Fitzhamon 
soon  after  the  Conquest.  The  pedigree  of  the 
family  is  given  in  Jones'  Hist,  of  Breconshire.  See 
also  De  Winton  of  Maesllwch  Castle. 

DE  WINTON,  Walter,  Esq.,  of  Maes-Uwch 
Castle,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  cos.  of  Brecon  and  Radnor ; 
High  Sheriff  for  the  latter  co.  1862  ;  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Walter  Wilkins,  Esq.,  of 
Maes-llwch  Castle,  sometime  M.P.  for  the 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  RADNORSHIRE. 


923 


co.  of  Radnor  (see  Par/.  Annals'),  who  in 
1839  assumed  the  surname  De  Winton,  by 
Julia  Cecilia,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  R.  J.  Col- 
linson,  rector  of  Gateshead,  Durham ;  b. 
1832;  m.,  1867,  Frances  Jessie,  dau.  of 
the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Arthur  Chetwynd 
Talbot,  rector  of  Ingestrie  and  Church 
Eaton,  Stafford. 

Resilience :  Maes-llwch  Castle,  near  Hay. 

Town  Address  :  Carlton  Club. 

Arms  :  Per  pale  or  and  arg.,  a  wyvem  vert 
between  two  spear-heads,  sa. 

Crest  .•  i.  A  wyvern's  head  erased  vert,  col- 
lared, arg. ;  2.  issuing  from  a  mural  crown  a  demi- 
lion  rampant,  holding  in  his  paws  a  rose  branch, 
all  ppr. 

Motto  :  Syn  ar  dy  hun. 

LINEAGE. 

Thomas  Wilkins,  living  1700,  prothonotary 
South  Wales  circuit,  was  son  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Wilkins,  rector  of  St.  Mary  Church,  co.  Glam., 
and  Prebendary  of  Llandaff,  who  claimed  descent 
from  Robert  De  Wintona,  said  to  have  obtained 
lands  near  Cowbridge  at  the  conquest  by  Robert 
Fitzhamon. 

The  Roll  of  Sheriffs  and  Parliamentary  Annals  of 
Radnorshire  show  the  names  of  several  members  of 
the  Wilkins  family. 

Note. — For  an  engraving  of  the  noble  castellated 
mansion  of  Maes-llwch,  see  p.  913- 


EVANS,  Edward  Middleton,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn- 
barried,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor. 

(Full particulars  not  received  in  time!) 


HAI&,  George  Augustus,  Esq.,  of  Pen-ithon, 
Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor;  High  Sheriff 
for  same  co.  1864 ;  son  of  the  late  Robert 
Haig,  Esq.,  by  Caroline,  dau.  of  Sir  William 
Wolseley,  7th  Bart,  of  Wolseley,  co.  of 
Stafford  ;  m.,  and  has  issue  5  sons  and  5 
daus.,  all  living;  settled  at  Pen  Ithon  1858, 
which  estate  he  acquired  by  purchase. 

Heir:  Charles  Edwin  Haig,  educated  at  Shrews 
bury  and  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford,  B.A.  1870. 

Residence :  Pan  Ithon,  Radnorshire,  via  New- 
town,  North  Wales. 

Town  Address :  7,  Argyle  Street. 

Arms:  Az.,  a  saltire  with  a  star  in  chief  and 
base,  and  a  crescent  on  each  Hank  arg. 

Crest :  In  a  weir  a  rock  ppr. 

Motto  :  Tyde  what  may. 

LINEAGE. 

The  descent  of  this  family  is  from  the  Haigs  o: 
Bemerside,  a  house  of  great  prominence  in  the 
Scottish  wars  of  the  fifteenth  century. 


HOWELL,  Howel  Gwynne,  Esq.,  of  Llanelwedd 
Hall,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  for  Radnorshire  and  Brecknockshire' 
High  Sheriff  for  Radnorshire  in  1858; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Howel  I, 
Esq.,  surgeon  6th  Dragoon  Guards,  by 
Anne  Howell  Gwynne,  only  dau.  of  Mar- 
maduke  H.  T.  Gwynne,  Esq.,  of  Garth, 
Brecknockshire,  and  Llanelwedd  Hall, 
Radnorshire;  b.  1820;  m.,  1860,  Mary 
Henrietta,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  T.  K. 
Warren  Harries,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Mursley, 
Bucks,  and  second  son  of  the  late  Major 
Harries,  of  Trevaccoon,  Pembrokeshire; 
,r.  to  the  Llanelwedd  estate  1849,  on  the 
death  of  his  maternal  uncle,  Marmaduke 
Gwynne,  Esq.,  without  issue. 

Residence;  Llanelwedd   Hall,   Builth,   Radnor- 
shire. 

LEWIS,  Rev.  Sir  Gilbert  Frankland,  Bart ,  of 
Harpton  Court,  Radnorshire. 

Creation  1846. — Third  Baronet;  Canon  of 
Worcester  1856  ;  was  Rector  of  Gladestry, 
co.  Radnor,  1832 — 1860,  and  of  Monning- 
ton-on  Wye  1832 — 1864;  Rural  Dean; 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Hereford ;  second  son 
of  the  late  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Thomas  Frank- 
land  Lewis,  P.  C.  M.  P.,  first  Bart,  of 
Harpton  Court,  by  his  first  wife,  Harriet, 
dau.  of  Sir  George  Cornewall,  Bart.,  of 
Moccas  Court,  Heref. ;  b.  1819;  ed.  at 
Eton  and  Magdalene  Coll.,  Cambridge ; 
B.A.  1830,  M.A.  1833  ;  »/.,  1843,  Jane 
dau.  of  Sir  Edmund  Antrobus,  second 
Bart. ;  s.  his  brother  the  late  Sir  George 
Cornewall  Lewis,  the  distinguished  writer 
and  minister,  1863  ;  has  issue  surviving, — 

Herbert  Edmund  Frankland,  b.  1 846. 

Mary  Ann. 

Elinor. 

Heir  :  His  son,  Herbert  Edmund  Frankland. 

Residence  :  Harpton  Court,  near  Kington. 

Arms :  Arg. ,  a  cross  double-parted  sa.  fretty  or, 
in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters  an  eagle  displayed 
gu. ;  in  the  second  and  third  a  lion  rampant  of  the 
second,  ducally  crowned  or. 

Crest :  On  a  cap  of  maintenance  an  heraldic 
tiger  statant  or. 

Motto  :  Expertus  fulclem. 


LINEAGE. 

In  the  roll  of  Sheriffs,  and  in  the  'Part.  Annals 
of  the  co.  of  Radnor,  the  names  of  Lewises  of 
Harpton  are  seen  frequently  to  occur  since  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.  Sometimes  they 
are  of  Harpton,  sometimes  of  Downton  in  the  same 
county. 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Harpton,  fourth  in  descent 


924 


RADNORSHIRE. 


from  Thomas,  Sheriff  for  the  co.  in  1552  ;  >«•, 
1778,  Anne,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas  Frankland,  Bart.; 
was  father  of — 

Sir  Thomas  Frankland  Lewis,  first  Bart.,  of 
Harpton  Court.  He  followed  out  the  traditions  of 
his  family  by  devoting  his  life  to  public  affairs, 
and  rose  to  distinction  in  the  various  offices  of 
Secretary  to  the  Treasury,  Vice  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  Commissioner  of  the  Poor  Law, 
&c.,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son, — 

Sir  George  Cornewall  Lewis,  second  Bart. ;  b. 
1806 ;  m.,  1844,  Lady  Maria  Theresa  Villiers 
(sister  of  the  late  Earl  of  Clarendon),  widow  of 
Thomas  H.  Lister,  Esq. ;  M.  P.  for  Radnor ;  P.  C. ; 
successively  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Secre- 
tary for  the  Home  Department,  and  Secretary  of 
War,  and  author  of  several  important  works  on 
History  and  Politics.  He  d.  s.  p,  in  1863,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  only  brother, — 

THE  REV.  SIR  GILBERT  FRANKLAND  LEWIS, 
now  of  Harpton  Court  (as  above). 

LINGEN,  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Penlanoleu,  Radnor- 
shire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor ;  High 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1840  (see  Sheriffs); 
second  son  of  the  late  William  Lingen, 
Esq.,  of  Burghill,  Hereford,  by  his  wife, 
Anne,  dau.  and  h.  of  John  Barrett,  Esq.,  of 
Hollins  Hill,  Wor. ;  b.  1803;  m.,  1837, 
Priscilla,  dau.  of  Joseph  Jones,  Esq.,  of 
Aberystwyth,  Card.,  and  has  issue  surviving 
one  son.  Brother  living,  Charles  Lingen, 
Esq.,  M.D.,  J.  P.  Hereford. 

Heir:  Rev.  Charles  Nelson,  b.  1843;  id.  at 
Pemb.  Coll.,  Cambridge;  B.A.  ;  J.  P.  for  the 
co.  of  Radnor. 

Residence :  Penlanoleu,  near  Rhayader. 

Arms :  Barry  of  six  or  and  az.  ;  on  a  bend  gu. 
three  roses  arg. 

Crest :  Out  of  a  ducal  coronet  or  a  garb  vert. 

LINEAGE. 

The  seat  of  this  family  was  originally  in  the 

neighbouring  co.    of  Hereford,  where   Sir    John 

Lingen,  of  Stoke  Edith,  temp.  Charles  I.,  was 
prominent  among  its  ancestors. 

LLOYD,  Robert  Lewi?,  Esq.,  of  Nantgwyllt, 
Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor; 
called  to  the  Bar  at  the  Inner  Temple; 
High  Sheriff  for  Radnor  1872  ;  son  of  the 
late  Thomas  Lewis  Lloyd,  Esq.,  J.  P., 
D.  L.,  of  Nantgwyllt,  High  Sheriff  for  the 
CO.  of  Cardigan  1822,  by  his  wife  Anna, 
dau.  of  the  late  E.  Davies,  Esq.,  of  Trefor- 
gan,  Card. ;  b.  Jan.  pth,  1836  ;  ed.  at  Eton, 
and  Magdalen  Coll.,  Cambridge;  grati. 
M.A.  1862 ;  m.,  June  6th,  1865,  Mary 
Anne  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Lewis, 
Esq  ,  late  of  Llanllyr,  co.  of  Cardigan  ; 
has  issue  3  sons  and  i  dau. 


Heir :  His  son,  Robert  Wharton  Lewis  Lloyd. 
Residence:  Nantgwyllt,  near  Rhayader. 
Crest :  A  wolf  statant  ppr. 

LINEAGE. 

The  lineage  of  this  family  combines  the  two  well- 
known  houses  of  Lewis  of  Cwm-dauddwr  ("the 
valley  of  two  waters,"  a  faithful  description  of  the 
locality  between  the  rivers  Wye  and  Elan  near  their 
junction,  often  erroneously  spelled  "Cwmtoyddvvr  ") 
and  Lloyd  of  Nantgwyllt  (nant,  a  dingle  ;  giuyllt, 
wild,  rugged). 

The  Lewises  of  Cwm-dauddwr  had  become  allied 
with  the  old  family  of  the  Lloyds  of  Wern-newydd, 
Llanarth,  Card.  David  Lloyd,  of  Wern-newydd 
(living  1690),  had  four  sons — Watkin,  Edward 
(who  m.  Anne,  dau.  of  James  Stedman,  of  Strata 
Florida,  and  d.  1754),  David,  and  Richard,  who 
all  d.  s.  p.,  leaving  the  race  to  be  represented  by 
two  surviving  daus. — Bridget,  who  m.  Morgan 
Lloyd  of  Glansevin  (see  Lloyd,  Glanscvin) ;  and 
Posthuma,  who  »;.  Robert  Lewis,  Esq.,  whose 
grandson, — 

John  Lewis,  Esq.,  of  Cwm-dauddwr,  Rad.,  m. 
Elizabeth  Lloyd,  of  Nantgwyllt,  and  had  a  son, — 

Thomas  Lewis  (Lloyd),  Esq.,  who,  in  1824,  by 
sign-manual'.adopted  his  mother's  surname  in  ad- 
dition to  his  own  of  Lewis  ;  and  by  his  wife  Anna, 
before-named,  had,  with  other  issue,  a  son, — 

ROBERT  LEWIS  LLOYD,  Esq.,  now  of  Nant- 
gwyllt (as  above). 

MINORS,  Robert  Baskerville,  Esq.,  of  Evan- 
coed,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  cos.  of  Radnor  and 
Hereford;  High  Sheriff  for  Radnor  1856; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Peter  Rickards 
Mynors,  Esq.,  of  Tre-ago,  co.  Hereford 
and  Evan-coed,  Rad.,  by  Mary,  dau.  of 
Edmund  Trowbridge  Halliday,  of  Chapel- 
Cleeve,  Somerset;  b.  1819;  ed.  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  and  called  to  the  Bar ; 
m.,  1852,  Ellen,  dau.  of  Rev.  Edward 
Higgins,  of  Bosbury,  Hereford,  and  has 
issue. 

Heir  i  His  son,  Willoughby  Baskerville,  6, 
1854. 

Residences :  Evancoed,  New  Radnor ;  Tre-ago, 
near  Ross. 

Arms  :  Sa.,  an  eagle  displayed  or,  on  a  chief 
az.,  bordured  arg.,  a  chevron  between  two  cres- 
cents in  chief  and  a  rose  in  base  of  the  second. 

Crest :  A  naked  arm  embowed,  the  hand 
grasping  a  bear's  paw  erased. 

Motto  :  Spero  ut  fidelis. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Mynors  are  said  to  have  settled  at  Treago 
(Tre-iago)  soon  after  the  Conquest.  The  family 
combines  by  marriage  the  Prickards  of  Evancoed 
and  Baskervilles  of  Aberedw  (see  Baskerville  of 
Clyro  Court). 

MINORS,  Thomas  Baskerville,  Esq.,  of  Bar- 
land,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor; 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Peter  Rickards 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  RADNORSHIRE. 


925 


Mynors,  Esq.,  of  Evancoed,  Rad,  and 
Treago  (Tre-iago),  Heref.  (see  Mytwrs  of 
Evancoed);  b.  1834;  ed.  at  Eton,  and 
Christ  Church,  Oxford ;  m.,  1865,  Con- 
stance, dau.  of  Green  Price,  Esq.,  of 
Norton,  Presteign. 

Residence  :  Barland,  near  New  Radnor. 
Arms  :  For  arms  and  lineage  see  Mynors  of 
Evancoed. 


PHILIPS,  Greorge  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Abbey  Cwm- 
hir,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor; 
High  Sheriff  for  same  co.  1860;  second 
son  of  the  late  Francis  Aspinall  Philips, 
Esq.,  Bank  Hall,  Lancashire  (the  eldest  son 
being  Francis,  now  of  Bank  Hall) ;  b.  1831 ; 
ed.  at  Chr.  Ch.,  Oxford;  m.,  1867,  Anne, 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Kenrick  Prescot, 
M.A.,  Rector  of  Stockport;  is  heir  pre- 
sumptive to  his  brother  of  Bank  Hall. 

Residence :  Abbey  Cwm-hir,  Penybout,  Rad. 

Arms:  Per  pale  az.  and  sa.  within  an  orle  of 
fleurs-de-lis  arg.,  a  lion  rampant  erminois  ducally 
crowned  and  holding  in  the  paws  a  mascle  or,  a 
canton  ermine. 

Crest:  A  demi-lion  rampant  erminois  collared 
sa.  ducally  gorged  or. 

Motto :  Simplex  munditiis. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  in  its  chief  branches  has  been  seated 
for  several  generations  at  Heath  House,  co.  of 
Stafford,  and  Manchester,  co.  of  Lancaster,  but 
came  originally  from  Wales.  (See  Philips,  Gwern- 
•vale,  Brec.)  Several  members  of  the  family  re- 
moved to  America,  where  in  Pennsylvania  and 
New  York  they  rose  to  eminence.  The  patriarch 
of  the  family  removed  from  Wales  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  VI..  and  settled  at  Heath  House,  Stafford- 
shire, a  property  which  has  ever  since  continued  in 
his  descendants.  From  him  in  the  third  or  fourth 
generation  sprang  Nathaniel  Philips,  Esq.,  of  Man- 
chester, b.  1693,  ancestor  in  direct  line  of  Mr. 
Philips  of  Abbey  Cwm-hir  (as  aboTe),  R.  N. 
Philips,  Esq.,  M.P.,  of  the  Park,  Manchester,  &c. 
Philips  of  Heath  House,  co.  Stafford,  and  Pliilips  of 
Wilcombc,  co.  of  Warwick,  represent  the  elder 
branch. 


PEICE,  Richard  Green,  Estj.,  of  Norton  Manor, 
Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  co.  of  Radnor ;  was 
M.P.  for  Eadnor  District  of  Boroughs  1863 
— 1869;  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Norton; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  George  Green,  Esq., 
by  Margaret,  dau,  of  the  late  Richard 
Price,  Esq.,  of  Knighton,  whose  eldest 
son,  Col.  Richard  Price,  for  many  years 
M.P.  for  the  Radnor  boroughs  (see  Parl. 
Annals),  d.  s.p.,  and  left  his  estate  to  his 


nephew,  Richard  Green,  who  thereupon 
assumed  the  additional  surname  Price ; 
b.  1803;  m.,  first,  1837,  Frances  Mil- 
borough,  dau.  of  D.  R.  Dansey,  Esq.,  of 
Easton  Court,  Heref.  ;  secondly,  Laura, 
dau.  of  Richard  H.  King,  Esq.,  M.D.,  of 
Mortlake,  Surrey,  and  has  issue  by  both  mar- 
riages. 

Heir  :  Richard  Dansey,  b.  1838. 
Residence  :  Norton  Manor,  near  Presteign. 
Town  Address  :  Reform  Club. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Prices  (from  Ap  Rhys]  of  Knighton  are  an 
ancient  Welsh  family,  among  whose  most  distin- 
guished members  may  be  mentioned  Chase  Price, 
Esq.,  M.P.  for  his  co.,  and  Col.  Richard  Price, 
his  nephew,  who  represented  the  Radnor  district 
of  boroughs  for  the  period  of  forty-eight  years  (see 
Pail.  Annals). 


PRICKARD,  Mrs.,  of  Dderw,  Radnorshire. 

Maria  Maude  Prickard,  widow  of  Thomas 
Prickard,  Esq ,  of  Dderw,  J.  P.  and  U.  L. 
for  the  co.  of  Radnor,  who  d.  1869,  leaving, 
with  other  issue,  an  eldest  son  and  heir, — 
HUGH  POWEL,  Major  commanding  Royal 
Radnor  Rifles. 

Residence:  Dderw,  near  Rhayader. 
Arms:  (Not  sent.) 

(Further particulars  in  next  edition.') 

PRICKARD,  Rev,  Thomas  Charles,  of  New 
Radnor,  Radnorshire. 

Clerk  in  Holy  Orders ;  Rector  of  New- 
Radnor  ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor ;  son 
of  the  late  Thomas  Prickard,  Esq.,  of 
Dderw,  near  Rhayader  (see  Prickard  of 
Dderw};  b.  at  Dderw,  Aug.  19,  1831 ;  ed. 
at  Oxford;  grad.  B.A.  1854;  m.,  Aug., 
1866,  Emily  Matilda,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Augustus  James  Sharp,  Rector  of  Snailwell- 
cum-Chippenham,  Cambridgeshire. 

Residence:  The  Rectory,  New  Radnor. 
Arms:  See  Prickard  of  Dderui . 


THOMAS,  Edward  David,  Esq.,  of  Wellfield, 
Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  cos.  of  Brecon  and 
Radnor ;  eldest  son  of  David  Thomas, 
Esq.,  of  Wellfield ;  b.  at  Wellfield  on  ist 
March,  1808 ;  ed.  at  Shrewsbury  and 
Wadham  Coll.,  Oxford  ;grad.  B.A.  in  1829, 
and  subsequently  M.A. ;  m.,  i2th  Sept., 
1837,  Arabella  Emma,  younger  of  the  two 


926 


RADNORSHIRE. 


daus.  of  John  Samuel  Gowland,  Esq.,  of 
Cagebrook,  co.  Hereford ;  s.  to  estate  in 
1841  ;  is  patron  of  the  living  of  Llanelwedd, 
co.  Radnor  ;  has  issue  three  sons  and  two 
daus.  living,  eldest  dau.  d.  Feb.,  1858. 

Heir :  Edward  David  Thomas,  b.  Oct.,  1839  ; 
eii.  at  Rugby  and  Univ.  Coll.,  Oxford;  m.  to 
Caroline  Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  C.  Greenly,  Esq., 
of  Titley  Court,  co.  Hereford. 

Residence :  Wellfield,  near  Builth. 
•Arms :  Per  pale  arg.   and  gu.   on  a  chevron 
engrailed    two     griffins      passant,     combattant, 
countercharged ;  on  a  chief  wavy  az.  three  cinque- 
foils  arg. 

Crest :  Out  of  a  mural  crown  arg.  a  demi  sea- 
horse gu. 

Motto :  I  Dduw  bo'r  diolch. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  is  a  younger  branch  of  the  ancient 
family  of  Thomas  of  Llwyn-madoc,  co.  of  Brecon, 
and  Pencerrig,  co.  of  Radnor,  and  claim  to  be  of 
the  lineage  of  Elystan  Glodrudd,  Prince  of  Ferlex. 

Note. — Well-field,  sometimes  incorrectly  spelled 
Welfield,  is  beautifully  situated  on  high  ground  above 
the  Wye,  near  Builth.  There  is  an  ancient  British  or 
Danish  camp  on  an  elevated  part  of  the  grounds,  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  eastward  of  the  house. 

YAUGHM,  James,  Esq.,  of  Builth,  Breconshire- 

J.  P.  for  Radnorshire  and  Breconshire ; 
Surgeon-Major  retired,  Indian  Army 
(Bombay);  F.R.C.S.,  F.R.G.S. ;  author 
of  a  pamphlet  on  "  The  Gums  and  other 
Products  of  Aden,  Arabia  Felix;" 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Hugh  Vaughan, 
Esq.,  of  Llwynmadock,  Llansaintffraed  in 
Elvel,  Radnorshire;  b.  at  Llwynmadock, 
i8th  June,  1818;  ed.  at  private  schools, 
Ludlow  Grammar  School,  &c. ;  is  unm. 

Residence :  Castle,  Builth,  Breconshire. 
Town   Address :    East    India    United   Service 
Club,  14,  St.  James's  Square,  S.W. 

LINEAGE. 

For  lineage  see  Vaughan  of  Llansantfraed, 
Rctd. 

VAUGHAN,  Rev.  Hugh,  of  Llantsantffiraed  and 
Llwynmadock,  Badnorshire. 

M.A. ;  Vicar  of  Llansantffraed  in  Elvel, 
co.  Radnor,  1838;  Rural  Dean  1852; 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Hugh  Vaughan,  Esq., 
of  Llwynmadock,  co.  of  Radnor,  J.  P., 
D.  L.,  High  Sheriff  for  Radnor  1825; 
b.  1802  ;  ed.  at  Jesus  Coll.,  Oxford;  B.A. 
1825,  M.A.  1828. 

Residence:  The  Vicarage,  Llansantffraed, 
Builth. 

Arms:  The  pedigree  of  Vaughans  of  Glascwm 
gives  no  account  of  their  arms. 


LINEAGE. 

Evan  Vaughan  (1679)  lived  at  Y  Fedw,  Rad. 
His  son  Evan  lived  at  Disserth,  Rad.,  and  after- 
wards at  Cil-y— berllan,  which  became  his  property 
after  the  death  of  Hugh  Evans  in  1710.  His 
son, — 

Hugh  Vaughan,  b.  1722;  Sheriff  of  Radnorshire 
1762  ;  m.,  1775,  second  wife  (portion  ^280),  Ann 
Williams  of  Llanybister,  and  had  by  her  an  only 
son,  — 

Hugh  Vaughan,  b.  1777  (d.  1851),  m.  Hannah 
Lewis,  of  Tanhouse,  Builth,  and  had  issue  ten 
children,  of  whom  the  eldest  is — 

HUGH  VAUGHAN,  now  Vicar  of  Llansantffraed 
(as  above) ;  and  the  youngest  James  Vaughan,  Esq., 
now  of  Builth  (see  Vaughan  of  Builth}. 


VENABLES,  George  Stovin,  Esq.,  Llysdinam 
Hall,  Breconshire. 

Barrister-at-Law ;  Queen's  Counsel ;  J.  P. 
for  the  cos.  of  Brecon  and  Radnor,  and 
D.  L.  for  Breconshire ;  second  son  of  the 
late  Ven.  Richard  Venables,  Archdeacon 
of  Carmarthen  (see  Venables  of  Clyrd);  b. 
June,  1810  ;  ed.  at  Charterhouse  and  Jesus 
Coll.,  Cambridge ;grad. M.A.  1835  ;  is  unm, 

Residence:  Llysdinam  Hall,  Breconshire. 
Town  Address :  2,  Mitre  Court,  Temple,  E.G. 
Athenaeum,  and  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Clubs. 

TENABLES,  Rev.  Richard  Lister,  of  Clyro, 
Radnorshire. 

Vicar  of  Clyro,  with  Bettws  Clyro,  1847  ; 
J.  P.  for  cos.  of  Hereford,  Brecon,  and 
Radnor ;  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor,  and 
Chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions ;  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Ven.  Richard  Venables,  M.A., 
Archdeacon  of  Carmarthen,  and  Sophia, 
his  wife,  dau.  of  George  Lister,  Esq.,  of 
Grosby  House,  Lincolnshire ;  b.  May, 
1809  ;  ed.  at  Charterhouse  and  Emmanuel 
Coll.,  Cambridge ;  grad.  B.A.  1831,  M.A. 
l835J  »»•»  !St,  1834,  Mary  Augusta,  widow 
of  F.  Adams,  Esq.  (she  d,  1865);  2iidly, 
1867,  Agnes  Minnie,  dau.  of  the  late  Henry 
Shepherd  Pearson,  Esq. ;  has  issue  by 
second  marriage  one  dau.,  Katharine  Diana. 

Residences:  Clyro  Vicarage,  Radnorshire;  Llys- 
dinam Hall,  Breconshire. 

Town  Address:  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club. 

WATT,  James  Watt  Gibson,  Esq.,  of  Doldowlod 
House,  Radnorshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor ;  son 
of  James  Gibson,  Esq,,  M.D.,  late  i3th 
Light  D»agoons  ;  b.  at  Edinburgh  Aug.  4, 
1831  ;  ed.  at  Rugby  and  Magdalen  Coll., 
Cambridge ;  assumed  the  surname  Watt  by 


THE  COUNTY  FAMILIES  OF  RADNORSHIRE. 


927 


letters  patent  in  1856  in  addition  to  that  of 
Gibson  on  succeeding  to  the  estates  of  the 
late  James  Watt,  Esq.,  his  great  uncle. 

Residences :  Doldowlod  House,  Radnorshire  ; 
Heathfield,  Staffordshire. 

Town  Address :  Carlton  Club. 

Arms :  The  arms  of  Gibson  and  Watt  quar- 
tered. 

Crests  :  An  elephant  and  a  pelican  in  her  nest. 

Motto  :  Pandite  coelestes  ports. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  the  celebrated 
mechanician,  James  Watt,  of  Greenock,  D.C.L., 
F.R.S.,  Member  of  Royal  Institute  of  France,  &c., 
so  well  known  for  his  inventions  for  the  application 
of  steam-power.  He  left  a  dau.  who  m. 

James  Miller,  Esq.,  of  Glasgow,  and  had  issue 
two  dtus  ,  Margaret  and  Agnes,  the  younger  of 
whom  m.  in  1826, 

James  Gibson,  Esq.,  M.D.,  1 3th Light  Dragoons, 
and  had  issue, — 

1.  Agnes    Miller,    m.    Chilley   Pine,   Esq.,    4th 
Dragoon  Guards,  dec.,  and  has  issue  a  son,  Arthur, 
b.  2Oth  April,  1854. 

2.  JAMES  WATT  GIBSON,  now  of  Doldowlod  (as 
above). 

3.  Margaret  Elizabeth,  m.,   1864,  to  Henry  B. 
Marsh,  Esq.,  and  has  issue  a  dau.,  b.   2gth  May, 

1870. 

Note.— The  mansion  of  Doldowlod  in  the  Eliza- 
bethan style  was  erected  in  1845.  Tne  date  of  Heath- 
field  is  about  1792. 

WILLIAMS,  Samuel  Charles  Evans,  Esq.,  of 
Bryntirion,  Radnorshire, 

Bachelor  of  Arts,  Oxon  ;  Student  of  Law, 
Lincoln's  Inn ;  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Radnor ; 


County  Magistrate;  son  of  Rev.  John 
Williams  (late  Censor  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  afterwards  Vicar  of  Spelsbury, 
Oxfordshire,  now  of  Bryntirion  Hall,  Rad- 
norshire) and  Jane  Patterson,  of  Devon- 
shire ;  who  m.,  ist,  John  Patterson,  Esq., 
b.  at  Spelsbury,  Oxfordshire ;  ed.  at  West- 
minster School  and  Christ  Church.  Oxford ; 
grad.  B.A.  1864 ;  /».,  Feb.  a6th,  1867, 
Mary  Caroline,  3rd  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Henry  William  Robinson  Luttman-Johnson, 
formerly  Michel! ,  Fellow  of  Trin.  Coll., 
Oxford;  afterwards  of  Binderton  House, 
Sussex,  and  has  issue  three  daus. 

Residence :  Bryntirion  Hall,  near  Rhayader. 

Town  Address :  New  University  Club. 

Arms:  Party  per  cross;  Ist  and  4th,  arg , 
three  horses'  heads  sa.  ;  2nd,  a  chevron  or  between 
three  boars'  heads  ppr. ;  3rd,  arg-,  a  lion  rampant 

gu- 

Crtsts  :  A  boar's  head  ppr.  and  a  lion  rampant, 
as  in  the  arms. 
Motto :  Deo  fidelis  et  Regi. 

LINEAGE. 

This  family  derives  its  descent  from  David  Wil- 
liams of  Rhayader,  and  Evan  Evans  of  Noyadd, 
Cwmdauddwr,  Radnorshire,  whose  descendants 
intermarried.  Jonathan  Williams,  Author  of  the 
History  of  Radnorshire,  was  a  member  of  this 
family. 

Note. — The  mansion  of  Bryntirion  Hall  is  newly 
erected  in  an  elegant  style  of  architecture  partaking  of 
some  of  the  features  of  the  Swiss  and  French  villa.  It 
stands  on  a  slope,  and  has  command  of  much  of  the 
fine  scenery  of  the  Wye  valley  near  Rhayader. 


ADDENDA  TO  COUNTY  FAMILIES. 

All  other  particulars  with  which  the  Editor  is  favoured  in  time  will  be  put  in  their  proper  places  under 
their  proper  counties  in  the  Second  Edition.] 


GELFFI1H,  Boscawen  Trevor,  Es.q,  of  Trevalyn 
Hall,  Denbighshire. 

Was  an  officer  23rd  Welsh  Fusiliers ;  J.  P. 
and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Denbigh  ;  High 
Sheriff  for  same  co.  1864  (see  Sheriff's); 
son  of  the  late  Thomas  Griffith,  Esq.,  of 
Trevalyn  Hall,  J.  P.  and  D.  L.,  High  Sheriff 
for  1849  for  the  co.  of  Denbigh  (d.  1856), 
by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William  Boscawen, 
Esq.;  6.  1835  ;  m.,  1857,  Ellen,  dau.  of 
V.-Admiral  N.  Duff,  of  Bath,  and  has 
issue. 

Residence :  Trevalyn  Hail,  near  Wrexham. 

HOPE,  Samuel  Pearee,  Esq.,  of  Marchwiel  Hall, 
Denbighshire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Denbigh ; 
High  Sheriff  for  the  same  co.  1871 ;  son  of 
the  late  Samuel  Hope,  Esq.,  by  Rebecca, 
dau.  of  Thomas  Bateman,  Esq.,  of  Middle- 
ton  Hall,  Derbyshire;  b.  1823;  m.,  1855, 
Amelia,  dau.  of  John  Prys  Eyton,  Esq.,  of 
Plas  Llannerch-y-mor,  Flintshire,  and  sister 
of  Adam  Eyton,  Esq.,  and  has  issue. 

Residence :  Marchwiel  Hall,  near  Wrexham. 
Town  Address :  Carlton  Club. 

SATJNDEES,  William  Francis  David,  Esq.,  of 
Glanrhydw,  Carmarthenshire. 

Only  surviving  son  of  the  late  Francis 
David  Saunders,  Esq.,  of  Tymawr,  J.  P. 
and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Cardigan,  Capt. 
1 6th  Regt.  Trichinopoli  Light  Infantry 
(d.  Jan.  8,  1867,  cet.  seventy-nine),  by  Mary 
Jane,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  George  W.  Green, 
of  Court  Henry,  co  of  Carm.,  now  residing, 
as  do  her  daughters,  at  Court  Henry;  b. 
Sept.  7,  1851  ;  is  unm. 

Residence:  Glanrhydw,  Llandeveilog,  Carm. 
Arms:  (Not  sent). 

VAU&HAN,  Henry  Gwynne,  Esq.,  of  Cynghordy, 
(Additional,  see  p.  305.) 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Brecon,  and 
J.  P.  for  the  co.  of  Carmarthen ;  Sheriff  of 
former  co.  1865  ;  second  son  of  the  late 
Samuel  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llanvillo,  Talgarth, 
by  Jane,  dau.  of  William  Vaughan,  Esq., 
of  Penymaes  (of  the  line  of  Vaughans  of 
Merthyr),  Llanvillo,  by  Isabella  Gwynne, 
the  last  survivor  of  the  line  of  Gwynnes  of 


Cynghordy;  b.  1812;  m.,  1839,  Anne, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  David  Pritchard, 
Esq.,  of  Dolygaer,  J.  P.  for  the  co.  of 
Brecon,  by  Anne,  dau.  of  Edward  Thomas, 
Esq.,  of  Llwynmadoc  ;  assumed  by  royal 
licence  in  1855  the  surnames  Gwynne 
Vaughan  instead  of  his  own  of  Jones  ;  has 
issue  ten  children,  the  eldest  son  being 
Thomas, £.  1844;  ed.  at  Shrewsbury  School; 
a  Capt.  Royal  Brecknock  Militia. 

Heir:  Thomas  Gwynne  Vaughan. 

Residence  :  Cynghordy,  Llandovery. 

Arms  :  Ermines,  two  chevronels  arg.  between 
three  boys'  heads  affronte  couped  at  the  shoulders 
ppr.,  crined  or,  around  the  neck  of  each  a  snake 
nowed  ppr.,  all  within  a  bordure  of  the  second. 

Crest :  In  a  wreath  on  a  mount  vert,  in  front 
of  a  boy's  head,  as  in  the  arms,  a  snake,  also  as 
in  the  arms. 

Motto :  Asgre  Ian  diogel  ei  pherchen. 

LINEAGE. 

The  old  family  of  Gwyn,  otherwise  Gwynne,  of 
Cynghordy,  had  dwelt  at  that  place  for  several 
generations  prior  to  Thomas  Gwynne,  who  m. 
Mary,  dau.  of  Dr.  Richard  Baily,  Chancellor  of 
Hereford.  His  son, — 

William  Gwynne,  Esq.,  of  Cynghordy,  m.  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  of  John  Morgan,  Esq.,  Braham  Hall, 
Yorkshire,  and  had  issue  a  dau.  and  h., — 

Isabella,  who  m.  William  Vaughan,  Esq.,  of 
Penymaes,  Llanvillo,  co.  of  Brecon,  and  had  a  dau., 
Jane,  who  m. — 

Samuel  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llanvillo,  and  had  with 
other  issue — • 

HENRY,  now  of  Cynghordy,  who  adopted  the 
surname  Gwynne-Vaughan  (as  above  shown). 

YOEKE,  Simon,  Esq.,  of  Erddig  Park,  Denbigh- 
shire. 

J.  P.  and  D.  L.  for  the  co.  of  Denbigh; 
High  Sheriff  1848  ;  son  of  the  late  Simon 
Yorke,  Esq.,  J.  P.  and  D.  L,  of  the  same 
place;  b.  6th  April,  1811,  at  Erddig;  J. 
1833;  m.,  August  6,  1846,  Victoria  Mary 
Louisa,  dau.  of  General  the  Hon.  Sir 
Edward  Cust,  K.C.H.,  youngest  son  of 
Lord  Brownlow,  and  has  issue  2  sons  and 
2  daughters. 

ffar  :   His  eldest  son,  Philip,  6.  1849. 

Residence :  Erddig  Park,  Wrexham. 

Arms :  Argent,  on  a  saltier  az.  a  bezant  or, 
with  a  crescent  for  difference. 

Crest:  A  lion's  head  erased  proper,  collared 
gu.,  thereon  a  bezant  or. 

Motto :  Nee  cupias,  nee  metuas. 

LINEAGE. 

The  Yorkes  have  long  resided  at  Erddig,  and 
trace  their  descent  from  the  Yorkes  of  Dover,  of 


ADDENDA  TO  COUNTY  FAMILIES. 


929 


whom  Philip,  Earl  of  Hardwicke,  in  the  Peerage 
of  England,  appointed  Lord  Chancellor  of  England 
in  1736,  created  Earl  of  Hardwicke  1754,  repre- 
sented the  elder  branch  Amongst  the  distinguished 
members  of  the  Erddig  house  may  be  mentioned — 

Philip  Yorke,  Esq.,  author  of  the  Royal  Tribes 
of  Walts,  published  in  1799,  which  has  now  become 
very  rare. 

Simon  Yorke,  Esq.,  of  Erddig  (uncle  of  the  dis- 
tinguished Lord  Chancellor  Hardwicke),  m.  Anne, 
sister  and  h.  of  John  Miller,  Esq.,  Master  in 
Chancery,  of  Erddig,  who  purchased  that  place, 
and  enlarged  the  mansion  in  1713,  d.  s.  p.  1733, 
leaving  his  estate  of  Erddig  to  his  sister's  son, 
Simon. 

Simon  Yorke,  Esq.,  of  Erddig,  m.  Dorothea, 
dau.  of  M.  Hutton,  Esq.,  of  Newnham,  Herts, 
and  d.  1768,  leaving  his  property  to  his  only  son 
Philip. 

Philip  Yorke,  Esq.,  of  Erddig,  author  of  The 


Royal  Tribes  of  Wales,  m.,  1/70,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
the  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  Cust,  Bart.,  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  and  had  by  her  a  son, 
Simon,  as  below.  He  married,  secondly,  Diana, 
dau.  and  h.  of  Peirce  Wynne,  Esq.  (see  Yorke  of 
fiyffryn  Aled).  He  d.  1804,  and  was  succ.  by  his 
eldest  son,— 

Simon  Yorke,  Esq.,  of  Erddig,  b.  1771,  m.,  1807, 
Margaret,  dau.  of  John  Holland,  Esq.,  and  dying 
1834,  was  succ.  by  hij  son,  — 

SIMON  YORKE,  Esq.,  now  of  Erddig,  as  above. 

Note. — Erddig  Park  mansion  was  built  in  1687 
and  in  1713  purchased  and  enlarged  by  John  Miller, 
Esq.,  as  shown  above.  Erddig  is  a  large,  solid,  un- 
pretending mansion,  with  suites  of  rooms  furnished  in 
the  antique  style,  and  enriched  with  objects  of  art  and 
antiquity,  arms  of  the  royal  tribes  of  Wales,  &c.  The 
situation  of  the  house  is  highly  picturesque. 


CORRECTIONS,  ETC.  IN  COUNTY  FAMILIES. 


ANWYL,  Robert  Charles,  Esq.,  of  Llugwy,  p.  699  ; 
has  five  (not  "six")  sisters  living. 

ARENGO-CROSS,  John  William,  Esq.,  of  Iscoed, 
p.  280 ;  d.  at  Biebrich  on  the  Rhine,  25th  Sept., 
1872. 

BULKELEY,  Sir  Richard  B.  Williams-,  of  Baron 
Hill;  is  tenth  baronet,  not  tenth  "baron."  At 
p.  363,  Edmund  and  Arthur  Williams  were  fifth 
and  seventh  sons  respectively  of  William  Williams 
of  Cochwillan,  "called  sometimes  W.  Wynn 
Williams." 

CONWY,  Capt.  Conwy  G.  H.  R.,  p.  444  ;  Gwenydd 
Frances  Conwy  »/.  1872,  to  Capt.  Somerset. 

COWELL-STEPNEY,  Sir  John  S.,  Bart,  p.  283. 
Eldest  son,  William  Frederick,  d.  Nov.  1872. 

GLYNNE,  Sir  Stephen  R.,  Bart.,  p.  447.  Rev. 
Henry  Glynne,  d.  July  20,  1872. 

GRIFFITH,  Capt.  David  White,  of  Brynteg  ;  p.  43, 
read  Emily,  dau.  of  J.  Kelly  (not  Reily),  Esq., 
and  gr.  dau.  of  the  late  John  Keily,  Esq.,  of  Stran- 
cally  Castle,  co.  Waterford. 

GULSTON,  Alan  James,  Esq.,  of  Dirleton,  p.  288. 

Horatia    Augusta   Stepney    Gulston   /».,    1872, 

Albert  de  Rutzen,  Esq.,  Stipendiary  Magistrate 

of  Merthyr  Tydfil. 
IIANMER,  Sir  John,  of  Bettisfield  Park,  p.  447 ; 

created  Baron  Hanmer  of  Hanmer,  1872. 

HORTON,  Isaac,  Esq.,  of  Ystrad ;  p.  290,  d. 
June  23rd,  1872,  at.  sixty-four. 

J  AMES,  J.  T.  W.  ,Esq. ,  of  Pantsaison,  p.  902 .  Robert 
Lloyd  James,  Esq..  m.,  29th  Aug.,  1872,  Annie 
Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of  F.  W.  Docker,  Esq.,  of 
Menai  View,  Bangor. 

KNEESHAW,  Richard,  Esq.,  of  Penmaenmawr  ;  p- 
356.  The  arms  are — Gu.,  a  raven  volant  arg.  » 
Joshua  Kneeshaw  m.  Lucy,  dau.  of  John  Dobby, 
not  Dobling.  William  Kneeshaw,  son  of  Joshua, 
was  Lieut.  R.A.  ;  Louisa  Domville  m.  Capt. 
Stratford  Tuke  ;  Mary  m.  Arnold  Loxley,  Esq., 
of  Norcott  Court. 

LEWKS,  William  Price,  Esq.,  of  Llysnewydd,  p. 
293.  Capt.  William  Price  Llewellyn  Lewes  m., 


1872,  Sarah  Cecilia,  younger  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Drane  Drake,  Esq.,  of  Stokestown,  co. 
Wexford. 

LLOYD,  Thomas  Edward  John,  Esq.,  of  Aber- 
dunant,  p.  357.  Robert  Lloyd  Jones- Parry,  Esq., 
of  Aberdunant,  was  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Parry 
Jones-Parry,  Esq.,  of  Llwyn-Onn. 

MORRIS,  Thomas  Charles,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-Myrddin, 
p.  297  ;  s.  to  a  moiety  of  the  estates  of  his  cousin 
(not  "uncle1'),  the  late  David  Morris,  Esq. 

MYDDELTON-BIDDULPH,  Col.  Robert,  of  Chirk 
Castle,  p.  412  ;  d.  1872. 

PLATT,  John,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-y-neuadd,  p.  360, 
d.  1872. 

POWELL,  Lancelot,  Esq.,  of  Aberclydach  House, 
p.  1 1 8.  John  Powell,  Esq.,  of  Brecon,  d.  1809. 

PROTHEROE,  Mrs.,  of  Dolwilim,  p.  301,  d.  2Oth 
May,  1872. 

REES,  John  VanderHorst,  Esq.,  of  Kilymaenlhvyd, 
p.  302  ;  dele  "m.  dau.  of  B.  Jones,  Esq.,  of 
Llanelly,  and  has  issue,"  an  inadvertent  error. 

RICHARDSON,  John  Crow,   Esq.,  p.  632.      Amy 

Serocold  d.  iSthAug.,  1872. 
ROBERTS,  Gabriel,  Esq.,  of  Plas  Gwyn,  p.   415. 

Rev.  Gabriel  Lloyd  Roberts,  d,  7th  May,  1872. 

ROGERS,  J.  E.,  Esq.,  of  Abermeurig,  p.  210;  was 
High  Sheriff  of  co.  Cardigan  1872. 

WEST,  W.  Cornwallis,  Esq.,  p.  416  ;  appointed, 
1872,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  co.  of  Denbigh  ;  m., 
Oct.  5,  1872,  Mary  Fitz-patrick,  dau.  of  Rev. 
Frederick  and  the  Lady  Olivia  Fitz-patrick,  of 
Cloone,  co.  I^eitrim,  and  niece  of  the  Marquess  of 
Headford. 

WILLIAMS-DRUMMOND,  Sir  James  Hamlyn, 
of  Edwinsford.  p.  306.  The  Lady  Mary  Eleanor 
Williams-Drummond  d.  Aug.  18,  1872. 

WILLIAMS,  Edward,  Esq.,   of  Wrexham,   p.   417. 

Heir,   Joseph    Llewelyn  Williams,   M.B.,  eldest 

son, 
WILLIAMS,  Richard,   Esq.,  of  Trosyrafon,   p.  49  ; 

d.  1871. 


HIGHER  EDUCATION   IN  WALES. 

To  the  leading  families  of  a  province  the  superior  culture  of  its  sons  is  an  appropriate 
subject  of  thought  and  care. 

Time  was  when  the  high  schools  of  Britain — schools  really  high  and  distinguished  for 
their  period — were  confined  to  this  western  region  now  called  Wales.  To  the  Germanic 
clans  who  conquered  what  is  now  named  England,  schools  were  unknown  ;  and  some 
centuries  had  passed  before  Alfred  the  Great — in  large  degree  through  the  aid  of  the 
Welshman  Asser,  whom  he  summoned  for  the  purpose  from  St.  David's — succeeded  in 
turning  the  minds  of  the  Anglo-Britons  (miscalled  "  Anglo-Saxons ")  from  the  barbaric 
pursuit  of  the  sword  to  mental  culture  and  semi-civilized  manners.  Great  schools  at  this 
time  existed  at  Llanilltyd-fawr  (now  Llant wit-major)  in  Glamorgan,  Bangor-Iscoed  near 
Wrexham,  and  other  places,  to  which  the  youth  of  Wales,  and  even  of  foreign  countries, 
resorted  by  thousands.  The  domestic  feuds  of  the  Welsh  in  the  early  Middle  Ages,  and  the 
desolating  wars  of  the  various  invasions  and  conquests  of  Wales  by  English  and  Normans, 
totally  annihilated,  even  to  their  last  remains,  these  seats  of  learning,  while  side  by  side  with 
the  growing  power  of  the  English  people  arose  by  steady  progress  a  taste  for  knowledge  and 
great  institutions  of  learning.  Thus  was  Wales  made  to  change  positions  with  England. 

Time  will  again  come  when  Wales  shall  possess  her  schools,  and  the  genius  of  her  sons 
shall  have  free  scope  and  the  stimulus  of  native  culture.  Education,  by  stealing  marches, 
will  create  its  own  opportunities  and  deliverance.  Statesmen  will  arise  who,  free  from 
prejudice,  and  capable  of  rational  judgment,  will  discern  and  recognise  the  claims  of  thirteen 
counties,  of  the  realm,  with  a  population  of  over  a  million  and  three  hundred  thousand  souls. 
Already  a  new  life  is  being  infused  into  the  older  grammar  schools,  which,  mainly  through 
the  pious  liberality  of  individuals,  had  since  the  Reformation  been  established ;  and  in 
healthful  competition  with  these,  as  population  is  increasing,  middle-class  schools  of  a 
superior  kind,  through  the  enterprise  and  ability  of  independent  teachers,  are  arising.  Under 
the  new  Education  Act,  with  all  its  imperfections,  a  vast  impulse  is  being  imparted  to 
Elementary  Education ;  and  more  pressing  demands  will  be  felt  for  a  higher  education 
midway  between  the  Common  School  and  the  University.  The  Cambridge  University  Local 
Examinations  are  doing  a  real  work  in  this  direction,  and  have,  along  with  other  movements 
within  the  last  seven  years,  created  a  new  educational  period  in  Wales. 

We  accordingly  already  find,  in  addition  to  the  excellent  grammar  schools  of  Monmouth, 
Cowbridge,  Llandovery,  Swansea,  Ruthin,  and  Beaumaris,  and  some  others,  such  vigorous 
Middle-class  Schools  as  that  of  Grove  Park,  Wrexham,  conducted  by  Mr.  J.  Pryce  Jones, 
L.C.P.,  taking  high  rank  in  these  examinations.  The  only  private  schools  belonging  to 


HIGHER   EDUCATION    IN    WALES.  93« 

Wales  which  are  mentioned,  ex.  gr.,  in  the  Schools  Inquiry  Commissioners'  Report  for  1868, 
are  the  Grove  Park  School  and  Thistleboon  House  School,  Swansea.  Both  these  are  named 
on  account  of  the  number  of  pupils  they  have  passed  through  the  University  and  other 
School  Examinations.  Grove  Park  School,  from  its  long  standing  (estab.  1823),  its  extensive 
and  convenient  premises,  the  number  of  its  masters,  and  the  success  of  its  pupils  in  the 
various  public  examinations,  may  fairly  rank  as  one  of  our  most  efficient  Public  Schools. 

We  have  other  good  grammar  schools  at  Aberystwyth  (Mr.  Edward  Jones,  B.A.), 
Swansea,  Cardiff,  Haverfordwest,  Cardigan,  Bangor  (endowed),  Bottwnog  (endowed),  &c. ; 
and  altogether,  it  may  be  said  that  Middle-class  Education  gives  fair  promise  of  keeping  in 
advance  of  Elementary  Education  in  the  Principality.  What  we  now  want  is  not  an  institution 
to  occupy  the  ground  legitimately  possessed  by  these  schools,  but  one  of  a  different  order,  to 
take  the  better  class  pupils  prepared  by  these,  and  carry  them  on  to  higher  studies. 

The  proposed  University  College  of  Wales. — It  is  generally  known  that  an  effort  has  for 
some  years  been  making  to  establish  a  University  College  for  Wales.  The  chief  requisites 
were — a  broad,  unsectarian  basis,  and  a  scheme  of  thorough  education,  adapted  in  its 
working  to  the  circumstances  of  the  Principality.  In  1862  a  beginning  was  made  and  carried 
efficiently  forward  to  establish  such  an  institution ;  and  after  a  large  sum  of  money  had  been 
obtained,  and  popular  interest  evoked  by  the  labours  of  one  individual,  a  committee  was 
formed,  from  whose  Minutes  (1864)  this  account  of  the  origin  of  the  Foundation  is 
extracted : — 

"  The  movement  for  the  establishment  of  collegiate  and  university  education  in  the 
principality  of  Wales  originated  in  a  series  of  letters  to  the  public  journals  in  the  autumn  of 
the  year  1862,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  T.  Nicholas,  Professor  of  Theology,  Philosophy,  &c.,  at  the 
Carmarthen  College,  which  series  of  letters,  at  the  request  of  several  friends  of  education, 
afterwards  appeared  in  the  form  of  a  pamphlet,  entitled  Middle  and  High  Schools  and  a 
University  for  Wales.  The  question  speedily  won  a  good  amount  of  public  attention  and 
favour,  and  a  desire  was  generally  felt  for  further  action  in  the  matter.  Mr.  W.  Williams, 
M.P.,  on  the  23rd  October,  1863,  announced  to  Dr.  Nicholas  his  willingness  to  contribute 
j£i,ooo  towards  the  object." 

The  founder  of  the  enterprise  acted  as  secretary  until  a  subscribed  fund  of  about  ^14,000 
was  secured,  and  the  noble  building,  called  the  "  Castle  House,"  at  Aberystwyth  was 
purchased  for  ^10,000.  He  then,  in  1867,  left  the  matter  in  the  hands  of  a  "  Committee." 
At  p.  140  a  reference  has  been  made  to  the  state  of  the  enterprise  in  the  beginning  of  1872  ; 
and  now  an  effort  is  being  made  (Nov.,  1872)  to  open  a  Boys'  School  as  a  "beginning."  So 
much  time  and  money,  however,  have  been  lost,  that  the  success  of  the  work  has  become 
problematical.  The  interests  of  the  youth  of  a  whole  province  have  been  made  to  wait  upon 
an  incompetent  management.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  by  and  by  the  Government  will 
rescue  the  enterprise  from  impending  failure.  Many  persons  have  wrought  earnestly  and 
contributed  largely  towards  this  much-desired  object,  and  they  have  a  right  to  expect  from 
those  who  have  undertaken  to  expend  the  fund  a  reasonable  account. 


BOROUGH    MAGISTRATES    OF    WALES. 

[Many  names  in  this  list  are  also  included  among  the  "  County  Families."    The  Borough  Justices 
of  Swansea  and  Cardiff  are  given  under  Glamorganshire^ 


ALEXANDER,  William,  Esq.,  Park  Place,  Cardiff; 

J.   P.    and   Alderman   for   the  bor.   of  Cardiff; 

Mayor  of  Cardiff  1859-60. 
ALLEN,    Charles,   Esq.,    Norton,   Tenby,   Pemb.  ; 

J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Tenby,  and  for  the  co.  of 

Pembroke. 
B AGN ALL,  James,  Esq. ,  Carmarthen  ;  J.  P.  for  the 

bor.  of  Carmarthen. 
BARRETT,  Thomas  Brettell,   Esq.,  of  Welshpool, 

Mont,    M.R.C.S.L.  ;    J.    P.    for    the    bor.    of 

Welshpool ;  Alderman  and  late  Mayor  of  Welsh- 
pool  ;  Surg.  to  Welshpool  Dispensary. 
BATE,  Edward,  Esq.,  Kelsterton,  Flint  ;  J.  P.  and 

Aid.  for  the  bor.  of  Flint. 
BEYNON,   Thomas,   Esq.,   Newport,   Mon. ;   J.   P. 

for  the  bor.   of  Newport ;   Mayor  of  Newport 

1870. 
BIRD,  George,  Esq.,  Cardiff;  J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of 

Cardiff. 
BOWEN,  James,  Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest ;  J.   P.  for 

the  town  and  co.  of  Haverfordwest. 
BOWEN,   Thomas,  Welshpool  ;   Banker  ;  J.  P.  for 

the  bor.  of  Welshpool ;  Mayor  of  do.  1871. 
COCKS,  James,   Esq.,   Pembroke  Dock;  J.   P.  for 

the  bor.  of  Pembroke. 
CORDES,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Bryn-glas,  Mon. ;  J.  P. 

for  the  bor.  of  Newport  and  for  co.  of  Mon. 
DAVID,  Charles  W.,  Esq.,  Cardiff;  J.  P.  for  the 

bor.  of  Cardiff;  Mayor  of  Cardiff  1870-1. 
DAVIES,  Isaac,  Esq.,  The  Bulwark,  Brecon ;  C.E.; 

J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Brecon. 
DAVIES,   John,    Esq.,    Aberystwyth  ;    J.     P.    and 

Alderman,  and  has  been  Mayor  of  Aberystwyth. 
DAVIES,  John,  Esq.,   Glamorgan   Street,    Brecon  ; 

J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Brecon  ;  ?«.,  1843,  Elizabeth, 

dau.  of  W.    Greathead,   Esq.,    of  Yarm,   York- 
shire, and  has  issue  I  son  and  4  daus. 
DAVIES,  John,  Esq.,  M.D.,  Brecon;  J.  P.  for  the 

bor.  of  Brecon. 
DAVIES,  Thomas  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Hayston,  Pemb. ; 

J.  P.  for  the  town  and  co.  of  Haverfordwest,  and 

for  the  co.  of  Pembroke. 
DAWKINS,  Jonas,  Esq.,  Pembroke  ;  Alderman  and 

J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Pembroke. 
DAWKINS,  William,  Esq.,  Pembroke  Dock  ;  J.  P. 

for  the  bot.  of  Pembroke. 


DE  WINTON,  Henry,  Esq.,  of  Ty'nycae,  Brecon  . 
J.  P.  for  the  bor.  and  co.  of  Brecknock. 

DE  WINTON,  J.  Parry,  Esq.,  Bangor  Road,  Car- 
narvon ;  J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Carnarvon  ;  Mayor 
of  same  in  1872. 

DE  WINTON,  William,  Esq.  See  De  Win/on  of 
Maesderwen. 

DYSTER, Fred.  D.,  Esq.,  Tenby,  Pemb.;  M.R.C.P  ; 
L.  S.A.  ;  J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Tenby,  and  for  the 
co.  of  Pembroke. 

EDWARDES,  Brown,  Esq.,  Carmarthen  ;  J.  P.  for 
the  bor.  of  Carmarthen  ;  Superintendent  of  Police 
for  the  same  bor. 

EDWARDS,  William  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Cardiff, 
Glamorganshire  ;  M.D.(Lond.);  Fell.  Univ.  Coll., 
Lond.;  M.R.C.S.;  L.S.A.;  J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of 
Cardiff;  m.,  1845,  Mary  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late 
John  Paine,  Esq.,  of  Stroud,  co.  of  Gloucester. 

EVANS,  John,  Esq.,  of  the  Old  Bank,  Brecon  ; 
J.  P.  for  the  bor.,  and  also  for  the  co.  of  Breck- 
nock. 

EVANS,  John,  Esq.,  Old  Bank,  Brecon  ;  J.  P.  for  the 
bor.  and  for  the  co.  of  Brecon. 

EVANS,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Tros-y-park,  Denbigh  ; 
J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Denbigh  ;  Lieut.  3rd  County 
Denb.  Rifle  Volunteers ;  m.,  1865,  Helen,  dau. 
of  Francis  Burton,  Esq.,  of  Berksvill,  co.  of 
Warwick. 

EVANS,  William,  Esq.,  of  Newport,  Mon.;  J.  P. 
for  the  bor.  of  Newport. 

FORTUNE,  William,  Esq.,  of  Leweston  House, 
Pemb.  ;  J.  P.  for  the  town  and  co.  of  Haverford- 
west. See  Fortune  of  Leweston. 

GARDNER,  Sankey,  Esq.,  of  Eaglesbush,  Neath  ; 
four  times  Mayor  of  Neath  ;  Alderman  of  Neath. 

GEE,  Thomas,  Esq. ,  Denbigh ;  Mayor  of  Denbigh 
1871-2,  and  1872-3. 

GOODE,  Harry  Phelps,  Esq.,  of  Haverfordwest, 
Pemb.  ;  J.  P.  for  the  town  and  co.  of  Ilaverford- 
west ;  member  of  town  Council,  and  has  been 
Mayor  of  Haverfordwest. 

GOSLING,  Henry,  Esq.,  Monmouth  ;  J.  P.  for  the 
bor.  of  Monmouth. 

GRATREX,  Thomas  Esq.,  of  Farmwood,  Newport, 
Mon. ;  J.  P.  for  the  bor.  of  Newport  and  for  the 
co.  of  Mon. 


INDEX. 


947 


Severn,  origin  of  name,  483. 

Seal  of  Carmarthen,  Chancery,  245,  855. 

Sealyham,  Tucker-Edwards,  of,  899. 

Segontium  of  the  Romans,  309,  320,  336. 

Senghennydd  (Caerphilly),  495,  533—539. 

Seys  of  Boverton,  581. 

Sharpe  of  Glaslyn  Court,  119. 

Silures,  the,  of  the  Romans,  483,  575. 

Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas's  letter  to  the  king,  241. 

Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  march  to  Bosworth  Field,  243, 857. 

Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  tournament  at  Carew  Castle,  85  7-9. 

Skyrrid  (Sugar-loaf)  Mountain,  719,  784. 

Slebech,  835. 

Smith  of  Gwernllwynwith,  640. 

Snowdon  (Eryri),  310. 

Squire  of  Swansea,  641. 

Stackpool,  836. 

Stack  Rocks,  837. 

Stanley,  A.  P.,  Dean  of  Westminster,  48. 

Stanley  of  Penrhos,  48. 

St.  Asaph  Cathedral,  with  engraving,  424. 

St.  Asaph,  Hughes,  Bishop  of,  448. 

St.  David's  Cathedral,  848. 

St.  David's,  Thirlwall,    Bishop  of,  304. 

St.  Dogmael's  Ogham  Stone,  847. 

St.  Dogmael's  Monastery,  877. 

St.  Donat's  Castle,  with  engraving,  465,  524. 

St.  Florence,  Pemb.     . 

St.  Gowan'sWell,  839. 

St.  Hilary,  Traheme  of,  465. 

St.  John  of  Fonmon  Castle,  558. 

St.  Quintin  of  Llanblethian,  564. 

Stedmans  of  Strata  Florida,  168. 

Stephen  Bauson,  defeated,  238. 

Sterry  of  Danycoed,  641. 

Stones,  inscribed,  154. 

Stradlings,  the,  of  St.  Donat's,  559. 

Strata  Florida  Abbey,  162—164. 

Strongbow,  Gilbert  de,  748. 

Stuart,  Crichton-,  of  Cardiff,  641. 

Sudeley  (Baron)  of  Gregynog  &c.,  830. 

Sugar-loaf  (Skyrrid)  Mountain,  719. 

Swansea  Castle,  with  engraving,  513. 

Swansea,  copper-smelting  at,  545. 

Swansea,  early  mining  companies  at,  545. 

Swansea,  common  seal  of,  618. 

Swansea,  mayors  and  portreeves  of,  616. 

Swansea,  Cromwell's  charter  to,  618. 

"  Symond's  Yat,"  725. 

Syward  of  Talyfan,  565. 


Taff  Vale,  467. 

Tancred,  or  Tankard,  Fitz,  of  Haverfordwest,  868. 

Talbot  of  Hensol,  464. 

Talbot,  Mansel-,  of  Margam  Park,  641. 

Taliesin's  Grave,  152. 

Talley  Monastery,  261. 

Talybont,  comot  of,  651 — 653. 

Talybont,  seat  of  Prince  Llewelyn  at,  653,  671. 

Taylor,  Jeremy,  at  Golden  Grove,  217. 

Tegeingl,  the  old  name,  421.  425,  428. 

"  Teilo  and  Dewi,"  486. 

Teivi,  the  river  and  vale  of,  134,  138. 

Tenby,  with  engraving,  837. 

Tenby  Castle  and  walls,  with  engravings,  862. 

Tenby  memorial  to  Prince  Consort,  engraving,  8^8 

Thelwalls  of  Plas-yn-Ward,  394. 

Thirlwall,  Lord  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  304. 

Thomas  of  Carmarthen,  935. 

Thomas  of  Coedhelen,  360. 

Thomas  of  Court  House,  642. 

Thomas  of  Danygraig,  587. 


Thomas  of  Gurrey,  304. 

Thomas  of  Llanbradach,  586. 

Thomas  of  Llanfihangel,  583. 

Thomas  of  Llanon,  305. 

Thomas  of  Llan-Thomas,  I2O. 

Thomas  of  Llwyn-Madoc,  119. 

Thomas  of  Llethr  House,  842. 

Thomas  of  Newport,  910. 

Thomas  of  Pwllywrach,  642. 

Thomas  of  Tregroes,  642. 

Thomas  of  Trevor,  49. 

Thomas  of  Wellfield,  925. 

Thomas  of  Wenvoe  Castle,  587. 

Thruston  of  Pennal  Tower,  710. 

Thruston  of  Talgarth  Hall,  709. 

Tibia  amnis  (Caerau),  Roman  station,  484. 

Tintern  Abbey,  with  engravings,  746 — 749. 

Tomb  of  Sir  Rhys  ap  Thomas,  244. 

Tommen  y  Mur  (Heriri  Mons),  320. 

Tottenham  of  Plas  Berwyn,  415. 

Tournament  at  Carew  Castle,  857. 

Towy,  river  and  vale  of,  214. 

Tracy,  Hanbury  — ,  of  Gregynog,  830. 

Traherne,  Mrs.,  of  St.  Hilary,  643. 

Traherne  of  St.  Hilary,  643. 

Trawscoed,  or  Crosswood,  view  of,  129. 

Tredegar  (Lord)  of  Tredegar  Park,  785. 

Tredegar  Park,  722. 

Trefgarn,  842. 

Tregaian,  Battle-field  of,  37. 

Tregaian,  Lloyd  of,  45. 

Trelech  cromlech,  745. 

Trellwyn  (Trefloyne)  Ap  Owen  of,  862. 

Trenyfed,  Nicholas  of,  843. 

Tre-Owain,  Mon.,  718. 

Trevor  of  Brynkinallt  (see  Hill  Trevor),  415. 

Trevor  of  Trevalyn,  393. 

Trevor-Roper  of  Plas-teg,  457. 

Trewent  of  Pembroke,  935. 

Triley  Court,  with  engraving,  720. 

Troy  House,  with  engraving,  723. 

Tudyr  of  Berain,  393. 

Tudors,  origin  of,  in  Anglesey,  29. 

Turberville  of  Coity,  557. 

Turbervill  of  Ewenny  Abbey,  644. 

Turner  of  Parkia,  361. 

Turner  of  Plas  Brereton,  361. 

Twelve  knights,  the,  settlements  of,  494. 

"Twm  Sh6n  Catti,"  272. 

Ty-Glyn,  eng raving  of,  131. 

Tyler  of  Cottrell,  644. 

Tyler  of  Llantrithyd,  644. 

Tynte  of  Keven  Mably,  645. 

Tythegstone  Court,  467. 


U 

Union  of  Wales  with  England,  Act  of,  III. 
Union  of  Wales  with  England,  1 1 1,  327,  756. 
University  College  for  Wales,  proposal,  140,  526,  931 
Upton  Castle  with,  engraving,  836. 
Usk  Castle,  745. 


Vale  of  Clwyd,  377 

Valle  Crucis  Abbey,  387. 

Vane  (Earl)  of  Plas  Machynlleth,  831. 

Van  of  Marcross,  582. 

Vaughan,  Henry,  "Silurist,"  102. 

Vaughan(Lisbume),  of  Trawscoed,  201. 

Vaughan  of  Brynog,  210. 

Vaughan  of  Builth,  926. 

Vaughan  of  Cynghordy,  305,  928. 


3Q 


INDEX. 


Vaughan  of  Llansantffraed,  926. 
Vaughanof  Llwydiarth,  808,  810. 
Vaughans  of  Cors-y-gedol,  680. 
Vaughans  of  Nannau,  681,  710. 
Vaughans  of  Llanuwchllyn,  684. 
Vaughans  of  Trebarried,  95. 
Vaughans  of  Tretower,  94. 
Vaynor  Park,  with  engraving,  801 . 
Venables  of  Clyro,  926. 
Venables  of  Llysdinam  Hall,  926. 
Venat  Silurum  (Caerwent),  729. 
Via  Flandrica,  the,  847. 
Via  Julia,  79. 

Vivian  of  Clyn6  Castle,  646. 
Vivian  of  Glanafon,  645. 
Vivian  of  Park  Wern,  646. 
Vivian  of  Plas  Gwyn,  49. 
Vincent,  Dean,  of  Bangor,  361. 
Vipont,  Robert  de,  793. 


W 

i 

Walbeoffe  of  Llanhamlach,  87. 

Wales,  higher  education  in,  930. 

Wales  in  the  ninth  century,  229. 

Wales,  proposed  University  College  for,  140,  526.  931. 

Wales,  union  of,  with  England,  III,  327,  756. 

Walter  of  Ffynone,  646. 

Walker  of  Castleton,  786. 

Walters  of  Haverford west,  910. 

Walters  of  Rhos-market,  842. 

Warren  of  Carmarthen,  935. 

Warwick  the  "king-maker,"  555. 

Waters  of  Samau,  305. 

Watkins  of  Lloegyr  Fawr,  120. 

Watkins  of  Llwynybrain,  305. 

Watt,  James,  the  great  engineer,  927. 

Watt  of  Doldowlod,  926. 

Watt's  Dyke,  388,  437. 

Wayne  of  Cae-Nest,  710. 

Wells  of  Penally,  935. 

Welsh,  distress  of  the,  under  Henry  III.,  323. 

"  Welsherie  "  and  "  Englisherie  "  in  Glamorgan,  496' 

"Welshery,"849,  878. 

Welsh,  their  feudal  subjection,  228. 

West  of  Ruthin  Castle,  416. 

Whalley  of  Plas  Madoc,  416. 

White  Castle,  737. 

White  of  Tenby,  838,  910. 

Whitland  Abbey,  261. 

"  Will  Goch  "  of  Mawddwy,  688. 

William  de  Londres,  249. 

William  Rufus  and  conquest  of  Gkmorgan,  490,  492 

—494. 

William  the  Conqueror  at  St.  David's,  491. 
Williames,  Buckley — ,  of  Pennant,  831. 
Williames,  Buckley  — ,  of  Glanhafren,  831. 
Williams,  Archd.,  180,  935. 
Williams-Bulkeley  of  Baron  Hill,  361. 
Williams-Drummond  of  Edwinsford,  306. 
Williams,  Hanbury-,  of  Nantoer,  786. 
Williams,  Lady,  of  Rhianva,  50. 
Williams  of  Abercamlais,  120. 
Williams  of  Aberpergwm,  647. 
Williams  of  Abcryskir,  120. 


Williams  of  Bassaleg,  786. 

Williams  of  Bodelwyddan,  457. 

Williams  of  Bryngwyn,  830. 

Williams  of  Bryntirion,  927. 

Williams  of  Carmarthen,  935. 

Williams  of  Cefn,  364. 

Williams  of  Craig-y-don,  50. 

Williams  of  Denbigh,  935. 

Williams  of  Deudraeth  Castle,  711. 

Williams  of  Dolmelynllyn,  711. 

Williams  of  Dyffiyn  Ffrwd,  647. 

Williams  of  Gellewig,  361. 

Williams  of  Gwernyfed,  94. 

Williams  of  Llandaff,  648. 

Williams  of  Llanfaelog,  50. 

Williams  of  Llanfechain,  831. 

Williams  of  Llangibby  Castle,  787. 

Williams  of  Menai-fron,  51. 

Williams  of  Merryvale,  911. 

Williams  of  Miskin  Manor,  647. 

Williams  of  Penpont,  121. 

Williams  of  the  Friars,  364. 

Williams  of  Treffos,  49. 

Williams  of  Vronwnion,  7"- 

Williams  of  Wrexham,  417. 

Williams,  W.,  Esq.,  M.P.  (the  late),  his  legacy,  931. 

Willis  of  Monmouth,  935. 

Windsore,  Gerald  de,  851,  852. 

Winifred's  Well,  433. 

Wiston  Castle,  867. 

Wogans  of  Boulston,  834. 

Wogans  of  Picton,  833. 

Wogans  of  Wiston,  867. 

Wood  of  Stouthall,  648. 

Woollett  of  Monmouth,  935. 

Woollett  of  Newport,  935. 

Worcester  (Marquess),  of  Troy  House,  787. 

Wye,  the  river,  723,  725. 

Wyn  of  Moel-iwrch,  396. 

Wynne-Finch  of  Voelas,  407. 

Wynne  of  Coed-coch,  418. 

Wynne  of  Garthewin,  417- 

Wynn  of  Garth,  8n. 

Wynn  of  Tower,  440. 

Wynn,  Sir  John,  of  Gwydir,  313. 

Wynn,  Williams-,  of  Wynnstay,  418. 

Wey river,  the,  in  Radnor,  913. 

Wynne  of  Peniarth,  651,  689,  712. 

Wynn  of  Bodtalog,  688. 

Wynn  of  Pengwern,  686. 

Wynn  of  Rhug,  712. 

Wynn  of  Glyn,  683. 

Wynnstay,  with  engravings,  366,  367. 


Yale  of  Plas  yn  Yale,  419. . 
Yelverton  of  Whitland  Abbey,  307. 
Yorke  of  Brynllwyd,  51. 
Yorke  of  Dyffryn  Aled,  419. 
Yorke  of  Erddig,  420,  928. 
Ystrad-fflur,  Abbey  of,  162. 
Ystrad  Marchell  Abbey,  800. 
Ystrad  Tywi,  847. 
Ystwyth,  valley  of  the,  127. 


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It  contains  14  complete  detailed  Estimates  for  Economical  Furnishing  at  totals  from  £21  i8s.  6d. 
to  ,£788  135.  6d. 

CLEE&T  EE8IDENCE8,  SPECIAL  ESTIMATES,  £43  3s.  6d.  to  (MEDIEVAL)  £206  14s. 
CONTRACTS  with  PATTERNS  of  CARPETS,  CURTAINS,  BEDDING,  &c.,  and  inclusive 
of  the  cost  of  Delivery  and  Fixing  complete,  submitted  personally  by  Messrs.  Trapnell,  or 
their  representatives  in  any  part  of  England. 

TERMS: 

In  the  absence  of  Special  Contract,  the  current  Market  Prices  in  every  case  are  charged  for 
Goods  subject  to  fluctuation,  so  that  all  advantages  are  immediately  given  to  the  Purchaser. 
The  charges  are  arranged  for  Cash  Nett,  unless  special  agreement  for  credit  is  made  at  time  of  sale. 

The  Proprietors  having  given  special  attention  to  the  manufacture  of  Easy  Chairs,  suited  to 
Sea-side  Residences  as  well  as  for  Hotel  and  Lodging-house  purposes,  would  direct  attention  to 
their  celebrated  GUINEA  EASY  CHAIR*  which  has  now  attained  almost  universal 
reputation.  They  have  also  introduced  for  superior  purposes  the  ROYAL  VICTORIA 
EASY  CHAIR.  Price  Two-and-a-Half  Guineas,  Carriage  Free. 

Photographs  and  full  descriptions  of  both  Chairs,  with  Samples  of  Coverings,  post  free. 

C.  &  ¥.  Trapnell,  Upholsterers  &  Cabinet  Manufacturers,  39,  College  Green,  Bristol. 

Honourable  mention  for  Good  Design  and  Workmanship;  International  Exhibition,  1862. 
COTTAM  &  CO.,  IRON  WORKS,  2,  WINSLEY  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 

PATENTEKS    AND    ORIGINAL    INVENTORS    OF    THE 

IMPROVED  SYSTEM  OF  STABLE  &  HARNESS  FITTINGS. 

PATRONISED  BT  THE  ENGLISH  AND  CHIEF  FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS,  AS  WELL  AS  BY  THE  PRINCIPAL 
NOBILITY,  GENTRY,  AND  HUNTING  ESTABLISHMENTS  U  THE  KINGDOM. 


SECURITY  FROM  ACCIDENT  by  the  use  of  the  PATENT  HALTER  GUIDE  and  IMPROVED 
CURVED  TOP  PLATE;  PROMOTION  of  HEALTH,  COMFORT  and  CONDITION,  by  the  cleanliness  and 
power  of  resisting  infections  of  the  Mangers  and  Troughs ;  and  also  of  the  PATENT  DROP  COVER,  to  curtail  the 
quantity  of  water  to  be  imbibed ;  ECONOMY  IN  THE  USE  OF  FOOD,  from  the  improved  formation  of  the 
fittines  and  by  means  of  the  Patent  Seed  Box,  are  some  of  the  peculiar  recommendations  of  COTTAM'S 
ENAMELLED  and  GALVANIZED  IRON  FITTINGS  for  STALLS  and  LOOSE  BOXES. 

These  fittings,  now  so  generally  specified  by  Architects  in  their  specifications,  may  be  seen  at  the  Manufactory  2 
WINSLEY  STREET,  OXFORD  STREET,  W.,  where  a  large  public  supply  is  always  on  hand,  and  regular 
sizes  kept  in  stock,  and  where  full-sized  Stalls  and  Loose  Boxes,  (variously  arranged,  with  a  view  to  economy  of  space) 
can  be  examined. 

COTTAM  &  CO.  Manufacturers  and  Patentees,  hold  the  Prizes  of  all  the  Great  exhibitions 

for  these  Fittings.    V  APPLY  FOR  No.  3  CATALOGUE. 
IRON  GATES,   FENCING,  AND  HURDLES  MADE  BY  MACHINERY. 
*  P.n     TRON  WORKS.  2.  WINST.EY  STREET.  OXFORD  STREET    T.nNTinw    w 


954 


AD  VEK  TISEMEN  TS. 


SANDILANDS  &  SON,     ' 

TAILORS    AND    LADIES'    RIDING 

HABIT     MAKERS, 

12,    CONDUIT     STREET, 
LONDON. 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  955 


SAN DI LANDS  &  SON, 


MILITARY    TAILORS 


THE    PRINCE    OF    WALES, 


THE    DUKE   OP   EDINBURGH 


AND 


PRINCE   ARTHUR. 

12,    CONDUIT   STREET, 

LONDON. 


956 


AD  VER  Tf SEME  NTS. 


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ADVERTISEMENTS.  957 


ABERYSTWYTH. 

ROYAL  BELLE  VUE  HOTEL. 

This  Establishment  is  delightfully  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  Marine  Terrace.    All  the  Public  and  Private  Sitting 
Rooms  command  uninterrupted  views  of  the  Sea  and  Promenade. 

LADIES'    COFFEE     ROOM    FREE    OF    CHARGE. 

AIT    OMNIBUS    ATTENDS   EVERT   TRAIN.     PRIVATE   CARRIA&ES   SENT   IF  EEdUIBED. 


ESTABLISHED    HALF   A    CENTURY. 


BILLIABD,  CHESS,  AND  SMOKING  BOOMS   HAVE  RECENTLY  BEEN  ADDED. 

JONATHAN    PELL,  PROPRIETOR    AND    MANAGER. 

GREYHOUND     HOTEL, 

ABERGAVENNY,    MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
WILLIAM   TUCKER,  PROPRIETOR, 

Superior  comforts  and  accommodation  for  Tourists,  Commercial  Gentlemen  and  Families. 
Recently  renovated  throughout.     Bedrooms  numerous  and  well  ventilated. 

%  fhrst-rst«  §illiar&  SDajrie  attfr  ^illtartr  |J0otn. 

Refreshments,  Wines,  Spirits,  Ales,  Porter,  &c.,  in  all  purity.     Hot  and  cold  Water  in  every  Room. 

Posting,  Carriage  and  Saddle  Horses.    Good  Stabling,  Lock-up  Coach  Houses. 

FISHING     TICKETS, 

AN    OMNIBUS     MEETS    EVERY     TRAIN. 

GREYHOUND  HOTEL.  Abergavenny. 

BANGOR. 
BRITISH      HOTEL, 

NEAR    THE    STATION. 

LARGE  AND  HANDSOME  COFFEE  ROOM  AND  PRIVATE  SITTING  ROOMS. 

Billiard  Room,  with  New  Table  by  BURROUGHES  &•  WATTS. 

POSTING.      LIVERY     STABLES. 

Omnibus  Conveys   Visitors   from  the  Station  to    the  Hotel  Free  of  Charge, 
Open  for  the  Arrival  of  Midnight  Train  from  London. 

T.  H.  PHILLIPS,  Proprietor. 

DOLGELLEY. 
THE    ROYAL    GOLDEN    LION    HOTEL 

AFFORDS  unexceptional  accommodation  for  Tourists,  Families,  and  others.      A 
select  Ladies'  Coffee  Room  has  now  been  provided.     The  Hotel  Omnibuses  meet 
each  train.     A  Billiard  Table  has  also  been  added  to  the  Establishment 

POST  HORSES,   CARRIAGES,   CARS,  &c. 

PONIES    AND    EXPERIENCED    GUIDES    TO    THE    FAMED     CADER    IDRIS. 

JANE  HUGHES  ROBERTS. 


958 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS. 


QUEEN'S      WoTEL, 


ABEF^YSTWYTH. 


BARMOUTH. 

THE    CORSYGEDOL     HOTEL. 

J.     R.     DAVIS,     Proprietor. 

FIRST  CLASS  ACCOMMODATION  FOR   TOURISTS  AND  VISITORS.       CLOSE  TO 

THE  SANDS. 

POSTING    CARRIAGES,    AND     HORSES. 

§>thtt  Wiints  antr  Spirits. 

THE   GREATEST   ATTENTION    IS   PAID   TO   THE   COMFORT  OF   VISITORS. 

CORSYGEDOL     HOTEL,     BARMQUTH. 
DENBIGH.-VALE   OF  CLWYD, 

THE      CROWN       HOTEL. 

H.  C.   MURLESS,  Proprietor. 

SUPERIOR     ACCOMMODATION     OF     EVERY      KIND     PROVIDED. 

FINEST  WINES,  SPIRITS,  AND  ALES. 
OMNIBUSES  TO  MEET  ALL  TRAINS. 

POSTING    HORSES    AND    VEHICLES    ALWAYS     READY. 

v»-  STRICTEST  ATTENTION  PAID  TO  COMFORT  AND  ECONOMY. 


CROWN    MOTEL,    DENBIGH. 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  959 


LLANGOLLEN,    NORTH    WALES- 
EDWARDS' 

"  THE    HAND     HOTEL." 

THE      L  O  N  G-E  STABLISHED      "HAN  D,"     I  S 

UNEQUALLED  FOR  THE  BEAUTY  OF  ITS  SITUATION  ON 

THE  BANKS  OF  THE  DEE. 

SEVERAL 

BED    BOOMS    AND    SITTING    ROOMS 

HAVE  BEEN  ADDED  TO  THE  HOUSE  TO  SUIT  THE  REQUIREMENTS  OF 
FAMILIES    VISITING     THIS     DELIGHTFUL     NEIGHBOURHOOD. 

HOT,  COLD,  AND  SHOWER  BATHS, 
BILLIARDS. 

OMNIBUSES   FROM   THIS    HOTEL   MEET   ALL  TRAINS   AT   LLANGOLLEN   STATION. 

LLANGOLLEN, 
THE     "ROYAL     HOTEL" 

The   above   overlooks    the  Dee — is  under  new   management — and 
vno  effort  will  be  spared  to  secure  the  comfort  of  Visitors. 

AN    OMNIBUS    FROM    THE    HOTEL    MEETS    EVERY    TRAIN. 
POST   HORSES    AND    CARRIAGES. 

BILLIARDS. 
J.  and  C.  JONES,  Proprietors. 

THE    OLD    ESTABLISHED 

MARINERS1    HOTEL    &    POSTING     HOUSE, 

HAVERFORDWEST. 
PROPRIETOR,    DAVID    LAMB. 

This  Hotel  is  under  the  personal  management  of  the  Proprietor,  and  Families  or  Commercial  Gentlemen 

will  find  here  the  comforts  of  home,  combined  with  a  moderate  scale  of  charges. 

GOOD  STABLING:  LOCK  UP  COACH  HOUSES. 

HANDSOME    BILLIARD    TABLE    AND    SMOKING    ROOM. 

MARINERS'    SQUARE,    HAVERFORDWEST. 


96o  ADVERTISEMENTS. 


MACHYNLLETH,    NORTH    WALES. 
T  H  E    "  L  I  O  N  " 

FAMILY  AND  COMMERCIAL  HOTEL  AND  POSTING  HOUSE- 

THIS  long-established  and  well-known  Hotel  has  recently  undergone  extensive  alterations  and 
improvements.  Being  completely  Re-furnished  it  is  now  replete  with  all  the  Conveniences  of  a 
First-Class  Hotel. 

GOOD  STABLIIG ;    LOOSE  BOXES ;    COACH  HOUSES. 

POSTING    IN   ALL    ITS   BRANCHES. 
MRS.    MARGARET    OWEN,    PROPRIETRESS. 

MENAI    BRIDGE,    BANGOR. 

HUMPHREYS'  VICTORIA  HOTEL  AND  POSTING  HOUSE, 

FIRST-RATE    ACCOMMODATION    AND    REASONABLE    CHARGES 

OMNIBUSES  TO  AND  FROM  BANGOR  STATION  FOUR  TIMES  A  DAY. 

FIRST-CLASS 

STEAM  BOATS  TO  AND  FBOM  LIVERPOOL  DAILY. 
SEA  BATHING,  &c. 

The  above  Hotel  commands  a  most  splendid  Sea  View  of  the  Welsh  Mountains,  and  is  within 
few  minutes'  walk  of  the  two  Bridges.! 

N  E  WC  ASTLE-EM  LYN, 
SALUTATION     COMMERCIAL    INN, 

POSTDTG-HOUSE   AND    FAMILY  HOTEL. 

GOOD    STABLING    WITH    LOCK-UP   COACH    HOUSES. 

NEWCASTLE  is  much  admired  for  its  Beautiful  Scenery,  and  being 
situated  on  the  banks  of  the  RIVER  TYVY,  so  celebrated  for  Salmon  and 
Trout  Fishing,  Gentlemen  will  find  it  a  most  delightful  Spot  for  Angling. 

JOHN    EVANS,    PROPRIETOR. 

WELSHPOOL. 
ROYAL    OAK     HOTEL. 

FAMILY  AND  COMMERCIAL  POSTING  ESTABLISHMENT, 


W.    ROWLANDS,    Proprietor, 

Powis  Castle  is  within  a  mile  of  the  town,  the  Park  and  Gardens 
are  open  to  the  public. 


ADVERTISEMENTS.  961 


BREECH-LOADERS. 


SECOND   HAND. 


BREECH-LOADERS 


FROM   £10 


BREECH-LOADERS 


BOUGHT  FOR  CASH. 


CATALOGUE  AND  PRICE  LIST  THREE  STAMPS, 


R*   WH  ISTLER, 

11,    STRAND,    LONDON. 


962 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS. 


CULLETON'S  HERALDIC  OFFICE. 


AN  INDEX,  containing  the  Arms  of  nearly 
every  Family  in  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland. 
The  result  of  THIRTY  YEARS'  LABOUR,  ex- 
tracted fromPublic  and  Private  Records.  Families 
i  desirous  of  knowing  their  CREST  or  COAT 
I  OF  ARMS  are  requested  to  send  Name  and 
/County.  Mr.  CULLETON  having  devoted  many 
'  years  to  the  study  of  Heraldry,  is  enabled  to 
answer  all  questions,  explaining  how  Arms 
k  should  be  borne  by  the  head  of  each  family,  and 
all  the  different  branches  thereof — how  the  Arms  of  Man 
and  Wife  should  be  blended  together — the  various  marks 
of  cadency  to  be  placed  on  each  Coat— the  proper 
heraldic  colours  for  Servants'  Liveries— what  buttons  to  be 
used — and  how  the  Carriage  should  be  painted,  according 
to  the  rules  of  heraldic  etiquette  : — Plain  Sketch  of  Arms, 
35.  6d. ;  Coloured  ditto,  75. ;  Arms,  Crest,  and  Family 
Motto,  I2s.  6d. ;  Arms  of  Man  and  Wife  blended 
together,  255.  ;  Ditto,  large  size,  suitable  for  a  frame  to 
hang  in  a  Library  or  Hall,  ^3  33. ;  Single  Coat  of  Arms 
(large  size),  £2  2s. 

PEDIGREES  TRACED. 

Correct  information  how  to  obtain  a  new  Grant  of  Arms :  the  cost 
of  same,  and  how  to  add  or  change  one's  name.  Wills  searched, 
and  every  kind  of  genealogical  information  obtained  from  Parish 
Records. 

THE  MANUAL  OF  HERALDRY,  four  hundred 
engravings,  35.  gd.,  post  free,  by  T.  CULLETON. 

CREST  ENGRAVED  on  SEALS,  RINGS, 
or  DIES,  from  8s.  6d. ;  Crest  and 
Motto,  145.  to  aos.  ;  Initials,  2S.  6d. 
each  :  Fancy  Initials,  45.  each  ;  Arms, 
Crest,  and  Motto  on  Seals,  or  Dies, 
425.  ;  Arms,  Crest,  Helmet,  and 
Motto,  845. ;  Arms  and  Supporters, 
from  £6  6s.  ;  Monograms,  125.  to 
1 8s. ;  Livery-Button  Die  with  Crest,  423. ;  Livery  Buttons 
55.  per  dozen ;  Engraving  Silver  Spoons,  Crest,  53.  per 
dozen  ;  Crest  and  Motto,  los.  per  dozen ;  Book  Plate, 
Arms,  Crest,  and  Motto,  elegantly  finished,  425. ;  Book 
Plate,  the  Arms  of  Man  and  Wife  blended  together,  635. ; 
Book  Plates  or  Seals  engraved  with  quarterly  Coats  of 
Arms,  from  .£4  43. ,  and  upwards,  according  to  the  number 
of  quarterings. 

METAL  SEALS,  with  Ebony  Handles,  45.  ;  Ivory  Handles. 
I2S.  6d.  STONE  SEALS,  Silver.Mounted,  from  205.  each ;  GOLD 
WATCH  SEALS,  from  izs.  to  £4  45.  each. 

SOLID  GOLD  SIGNET  RINGS,  Two  Guineas, 

ThreeGuineas,  Four  Guineas,  Five  Guineas, 
Six  Guineas,  Seven  Guineas,  Ten  Gui- 
neas, and  very  heavy  KNTJCKLE- 
|  DUSTERS,  Sirteen  Guineas  each.  All 
18  carat  Hall  marked — the  Hall  mark  is 
the  only  guarantee  for  pure  Gold.  Send 
size  of  finger  by  fitting  a  piece  of  thread 
and  mention  the  price  Ring  required. 


Just  Published  in  Various  Colours,  MONO- 
GRAMS, CRESTS,  &c.,  suitable 
for  Albums: — 2  Sheets— the  Queen 
the  late  Prince  Consort,  and  all  the 
Royal  Family.  5  Sheets— The  Em- 
peror, all  the  French  Royal  Family, 
and  Nobility  of  France.  5  Sheets — 
The  Arms  of  the  Archbishops  of  Can- 
terbury/from  1070  to  1870.  6  Sheets — ditto,  Archbishops 
of  York,'  1070  to  1870.  4  Sheets— Colleges  of  Oxford 
and  Cambridge.  24  Sheets — Her  Majesty's  Regiments. 
15  Sheets — The  Crests  and  Mottoes  used  by  the  British 
Navy.  6  Sheets — The  Arms,  Supporters,  and  Coronets 
of  every  Duke  and  Marquis.  430  Sheets — The  Coronets, 
Monograms,  and  Arms  of  Earls,  Barons,  and  British 
Commoners.  12  Sheets — Comic  Monograms.  24  Sheets 
— Ordinary  Monograms.  These  rare  and  valuable  col- 
lections of  Family  Crests,  never  before  known  to  the 
public,  are  now  sold  at 

is.  per  Sheet;  12   Sheets  gs. 

The  whole  series  of  Six  Thousand  diffeient  Crests  (name  under 
each),  £10.  By  T.  CULLETON,  Seal  Engraver  and  Die  Sinker,  by 
appointment  to  Her  Majesty's  Government,  &c.,  &c. 

THE  FLAGS   OF   ALL  NATIONS— FOUR 
SHEETS,   BEAUTIFULLY   ILLUMINATED. 


CULLETON'S    LETTER   EM- 
BOSSING    PRESS,     21s.,    for 

Stamping  Paper  with  Crest,  Arms,  or 
Address.     Any  Person  can  use  them. 


NO  CHARGE  FOR  ENGRAVING 
DIEWITHCREST,MONOGRAM  OR 
ADDRESS,  IF  AN  ORDER  BE  GIVEN 
FOR  A  GUINEA  BOX  OF  STATIONERY, 
CONTAINING  A  REAM  OF  THE  VERY 
BEST  PAPER,  AND  FIVE  HUNDRED  EN- 
VELOPES TO  MATCH;  ALL  STAMPED 
PLAIN,  FREE  OF  CHARGE. 

25,  Cranbourn  Street,  W.C. 


VISITING  CARDS.— A  Gentleman's  Card 

PLATE  Engraved,  and  Fifty  Cards  printed,  as.  6d.  post, free. 
Lady's  Cards,  3J-  Wedding  Cards,  50  each  for  Lady  and  Gentleman, 
50  Embossed  Enve^°Pes>  maiden  name  printed  inside,  all  complete, 
135.  6d.  post  free. 

Office  Seals,  Dies,  Endorsing  Stamps,  &c., 

for  Stamping  Bank  Notes,  Bills,  and  Cheques  ;  Fire  Brands  for 
Marking  Wood  ;  Stencil  Plates  for  Packing  Cases  ;  Ditto  for 
Marking  Architectural  Drawings  ;  Moveable  Tyge  for  Dates. 
Door  Plates,  engraved  with  Name,  izs.  6d.,  Ditto,  with  Name  and 
Profession,  ais. 


MARK     YOUR     LINEN- 

THE  MOST  EASY  METHOD  OF  MARKING  LINEN,  COARSE  TOWELS,  &c.,  IS  WITH 

CULLETON'S    E  L  E  CT  RO- S  I  L  V  E  R    PLATES. 

No  preparation.    Any  person  can  use  them.     By  means  of  this  invention  •^"g'^^^^SSdli^'^SfibfcUU^o!?! 

Free  by  post,  on  receipt  of  Stamps,  with  full  directions. 

Initials,  is.  «ach;   Name,  2s.  61 ;  Name  and  Initials,  4s.  6d. ;  Set  of  Moveable  Numbers,  2s.  6d.  to  5s.;  Monogram,  53. 

Crest,  5s. :  Donblo  Crest,  10s. 

THOMAS    CULLETON, 

(gtmrabtr  anb  Sie  Stnher  to  J)tr  P^stii  anir  %  glopl  JfmU|,  Irrr  ^penal 
25,  CRANBOURN  STREET,  Corner  of  St.  MARTIN'S  LANE,  LONDON,  W.C. 

THE    HERALDIC   STUDIO  AND    LIBRARY    OPEN    DAILY.     THE    LARGEST    COLLECTION    OF   ENGLISH    AND    FOREIBN   HERALDIC    BOOKS    IN   THE    KINGDOM. 

POST  OFFICE  ORDERS  PA  YABLE  AT  CRANBOURN  STREET  POST  OI-FICE,  H.C. 


DA  Nicholas,  Thomas 
713        Annals  and  antiquities  of 

N5  the  counties  and  county 

v.2  families  of  Wales 


Robartt 


PLEASE  DO  NOT  REMOVE 
CARDS  OR  SLIPS  FROM  THIS  POCKET 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY 


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