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THE

tJWVE«SiTV Of PITTSBURGH

ANNALS OF ALBANY.

BY JOEL MUNSELL. 1^08-, .

VOL. I.

SECOND EDITION,

ALBANY :

JOEL MUNSELL, 82 STATE STREET.

1869.

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PREFACE.

This work was commenced under the title of the Albany
Annual Register ^ which was continued two years, 1849 and
1850. The aim of that publication was, in connection with
matters suited to an almanac and city register, or civil list, to
preserve the memory of the time-honored institutions of the
city. Failing to awaken sufl&cient interest in the work to
make it a paying enterprise, the ephemeral articles in those
two Registers were omitted, and their place was supplied
with historical and antiquarian matter, and the whole issued
as a connected volume, and entitled the Annals of Albany ,
vol. I. To this, nine other volumes were added from year to
year. The edition of this first volume having been smaller
than the others, was long since exhausted, and it is now re-
printed with some changes, and a more thorough index, to
enable purchasers of the subsequent volumes to have their
sets complete.

CONTENTS.

Paob.

Discovery of Hudson's River, 1

Colony of Rensselaerswjck, 1614 to 1646, 9

Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, , 37

Executors of Jeremias Van Rensselaer, 39

Sentence of Banishment, 39

Arent Van Curler, 40

Codirectors of Rensselaerswyck, 1630, 43

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749, 43

First Charter Officers, 63

Names of Settlers in Rensselaerswyck, 1630 to 1646, 64

Sentence of William Juriaensen Bakker, 76

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany, 78

Houses in 1786, 147

Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church, 148

Reformed Gennan Church, 166

Sabbath Evening School, 167

German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 168

First Presbyterian Church, 170

Bethel for Watermen, 177

Jewish Synagogues, 179

Universalist Church, . . . . , 180

Society of Friends, 181

Ancient Albany, 182

RuttenKil, 184

City of Albany, 185

County of Albany, 190

Remarkable Winter, 194

Operation of the Cheap Postage System in Albany,. 196

Civil Officers of the City of Albany, 1693, 197

Overslaugh, 198

Manufacture of Bricks, 1847, 198

vi Contents,

Page.

Albany Academy, 199

School of 1785, 201

Albany Female Academy, 203

State Normal School, 206

School Appropriation, 207

Grammar School, 1806, 207

Lights and Shadows of Traveling in New York in 1796, 208

Lancaster School, 213

Commission of John Abeel, 1694, 213

Books in 1772, 213

Barlow's Prediction of the Erie Canal, 215

Closing and opening of the River, 1785 to 1849, 216

Centennial Anniversary, 218

Incidents of a Northern Winter, 219

Cold days in the last Century, 220

Hudson River, 221

Opening and Closing of the Canal from 1824 to 1849 inclusive, 223

Imprisonment for Debt, ^ 223

Births, Marriages and Deaths, 1848, 224

Ferry Rates, 1784, 225

Albany Merchant's Stock in 1790, 226

Celebration of the Adoption of the Federal Constitution, 1788, 228

Condition and Prospects of the City in 1789, 236

Tobacco Establishment of 1790, 238

Board of Trade, 240

Custom House, 241

Hibernian Provident Society, 242

Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, 243

St. Andrew's Society, 245

Albany Society of Brotherly Love, 245

Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time, 246

General Hamilton at Quarantine, 254

Albany County Bible Society, 255

Price Current of Goods usually Imported at London from

Albany, 1750, 256

Ancient Commerce of Albany, 257

List of the Freeholders of the City and County of Albany, 1720, 263

Description of Albany in 1823, 269

Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 1789, 281

Contents, vii

Page,

Albany in 1796, 284

Bond of tlie Aldermen of Schenectady, 1766, 286

Family Record from the Groesbeeck Bible, 287

Banks, 288

Harmanus Bleecker, 299

Vanderheyden Palace, 302

Stevenson House, 305

Wendell House, 307

State Street in 1792, 310

Scene of the Revolution in Albany, 317

Canadian Invasion, 319

Chronicle of Events in Albany, 1847 and 1848, 321

ILLUSTRATIONS.

View of Albany, Frontispiece.

Map of Rensselaerswyck, 1630, 18

Coejnians Creek, 67

Dutch Churcli, 78

Old Pulpit, 87

The Dellius Grant of 1696, 95

Portrait Gualterus DuBois, 96

Lutheran Church, on Pine street, 1816, 68

Fac Simile of Lutheran inscription placed in corner stone, 1816, 148

First Presbyterian Church, new edifice, 170

First Presbyterian Church, old edifice, 171

Bethel for Watermen, 177

Plan of Albany, 1695, 183

Map of Albany City, 185

Map of Albany County, 191

Arms of the City, 185

Albany Academy, 199

Albany Female Academy, 202

State Normal School, 206

Ancient Dutch Costume, 237

Caldwell's Tobacco Works, 240

Troy Post Rider, 252

First Practical Steam Boat, 262

Capitol, c 273

Ancient Printing Press, 285

New York State Bank, 293

Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, 294

Vanderheyden Palace, 303

Stevenson House, 305

Wendell House, 307

Plan of State street, 1794, 309

Yates House, 314

Plan of Fort Frederick, 1695, 315

Hallenbeck Burial Ground, 353

ANNALS OF ALBANY.

DISCOVERY OF HUDSON RIVER.

The third Voyage of Master Henry Hydson toward Nona Zembla,
and at his returne, his -passing from Farre Hands, to New-foiind
Land, and along to fortiefour degrees and ten minutes, and thence
to Cape Cod, and so to thirtie three degrees; and along the Coast
to the Northward, to fortie two degrees and an halfe, and vp the
Riuere neere to fortie three degrees. Written ly Robert Ivet,
of Lime-lioiise.

[Henry Hudson sailed from Amsterdam on the 20tli
March, 1609, o. s., in the yacht Half-Moon, with a crew of
about twenty Dutch and EngHsh sailors, on a voyage for
the discovery of a north-west passage to India. He encoun-
tered ice and storms, which disabled his vessel, and about
the middle of July ran into Penobscot bay on the coast of
Maine. From thence he proceeded along the coast southerly
till he arrived at Chesapeake bay about the middle of August,
when he tacked about and coasted northward until, on the third
of September, at three o'clock in the afternoon, he came to
three great rivers, and stood for the northernmost. Proceed-
ing leisurely, on the sixth he passed through the Narrows,
and was attacked by the Indians, who killed John Coleman,
one of his men, who was buried at Coleman's point, at Sandy
hook. On the ninth the vessel arrived in New York harbor,
which they perceived to be a very good one for all winds, and
rode all night. On the twelfth of September, at two o'clock in
the afternoon, Hudson weighed anchor, and began the memo-
rable ascent of the great river which perpetuates his name.
He proceeded two leagues against the wind, and came to
anchor. Twenty-eight canoes full of men, women and children
came out from the shore, of whom the mariners were wary.
They brought oysters and beans, and had " great tabacco pipes
of yellow copper, and pots of earth to dresse their meate in."

2 Discovery of Hudson River.

The remainder of the narrative Is copied verbatim from the
edition published by the New York Historical Society,
T7'ansactions, i, 138, et seq.]

The thirteenth, faire weather, the wind northerly. At
seuen of the clocke in the morning, as the floud came we
weighed, and turned foure miles into the riuer. The tide
beino; done wee anchored. Then there came foure canoes
aboord : but we suffered none of them to come into our ship.
They brought great store of very good oysters aboord,
which wee bought for trifles. In the night I set the variation
of the compasse, and found it to be 13 degrees. In the after-
noone we weighed, and turned in with the floud two leagues
and a halfe further, and anchored all night, and had flue
fathoms soft ozie ground, and had an high point of land,
which shewed out to vs bearing north by east fiue leagues
off vs.

The fovrteenth, in the morning being very faire weather,
the wind south-east, we sayled vp Riuer twelue leagues, and
had fiue fathoms and fiue fathoms and a quarter lesse ; and
came to a streight between two points, and had eight, nine,
and ten fathoms : and it trended north-east by north, one
league, and we had twelue, thirteene and Iburteene fathomes.
The Kiuer is a mile broad : there is very high land on both
sides. Then wee went vp north-west, a league and an halfe
deepe water. Then north-east by north fiue miles, then
north-west by north two leagues, and anchored. The land
grew very high and mountainous. The river is full of fish.

The fifteenth, in the morning was misty vntil the Sunne
arose : then it cleered. So wee weighed with the wind at
south, and ran vp into the Riuer twentie leagues, passing by
high Mountaines. We had a verygood depth, as six, seuen,
eight, nine, ten, twelue and thirteen fathoms, and great store
of Salmons in the Riuer. This morning our two Sauages got
out of a port and swam away. After we were vnder sayle
they called to vs in scorne. At night we came to other Moun-
taines, which lie from the Riuers side. There we found very
louing people, and very old men : where wee were well vsed.
Our Boat went to fish, and caught great store of very good
fish.

The sixteenth , faire and very hot weather. In the morning
our Boat went againe to fishing, but could catch but few, by

Discovery of Hudson River. 3

reason their Canoes had beene there all night. This morning
the people came aboord, and brought vs eares of Indian Corne,
and Pompions, and Tabacco : which wee bought for trifles.
VYee rode still all day, and filled fresh water ; at night wee
weighed and went two leagues higher, and had shoald water :
so wee anchored till day.

The seuenteenth, faire Sun-shining weather, and very
hot. In the morning as soon as the Sun was vp, we set
sayle, and ran vp six leagues higher, and found shoalds in
the middle of the channell, and small Hands, but seuen
fathoms water on both sides. Toward night we borrowed so
neere the shoare, that we grounded : so we layed out our small
anchor, and heaued oiF againe. Then we borrowed on the
banke in the channell and came aground againe; while the
floud ran we heaued off againe, and anchored all night.

The eighteenth, in the morning was faire weather, and
we rode still. In the afternooneour Master's Mate went on
land with an old Sauage, a Gouernor of the Oountrey; who
carried him to his house and made him good cheere.

The nineteenth, was faire and hot weather : at the floud,
being neere eleuen of the clocke, wee weighed, and ran higher
vp two leagues aboue the shoalds. and had no lesse water
than fine fathoms : wee anchored, and rode in eight fathomes.
The people of the countrie came flocking aboord, and
brought vs Grapes, and Pompions, which we bought for trifles.
And many brought vs Beuers skinnes, and Otters skinnes,
which wee bought for Beades, Kniues, and Hatchets. So
we rode there all night.

The twentieth, in the morning was faire weather. Our
Master's Mate with foure men more went vp with our boat
to sound the Riuer, and found two leagues aboue vs but
two fathoms water, and the channell very narrow; and aboue
that place seuen or eight fathoms. Toward night they
returned ; and we rode still all night.

The one and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind all
southerly: we determined yet once more to goe farther up
into the Riuer to trie what depth and breadth it did beare ;
but much people resorted aboord so we went not this day.
Our carpenter went on land and made a fore-yard. And
our Master and his Mate determined to trie some of the
chiefe men of the countrey, whether they had any treacherie

4

Discovery of Hudson River,

in them. So they took them down into the cabbin, and gave
them so much wine and aqua vitae, that they were all merrie ;
and one of them had his wife with him, which sat so mo-
destly, as any of our countrey women would do in a strange
place. In the end one of them was drunke, w^hich had been
aboord of our ship all the time that we had been there : and
that was strange to them; for they could not tell how to
take it. The canoes and folke went all on shoare -, but some
of them came againe, and brought stropes of beades: some
had six, seven, eight, nine, ten; and gaue him. So he slept
all night quietly.

The two and twentieth was faire weather : in the morning
our Masters Mate and foure more of the companie went vp
with our Boat to sound the Riuer higher vp. The people
of the countrey came not aboord till noone : but when they
eame, and saw the Sauages well, they were glad. So at three
of the clocke in the after-noone they came aboord, and
brought Tabacco, and more Beades, and gaue them to our
Master, and made an Oration, and shewed him all the coun-
trey round about. Then they sent one of their companie
on land, who presently returned, and brought a great Plat-
ter full of Venison, dressed by themselues; and they caused
him to eate with them : then they made reuerence, and de-
parted all saue the old man that lay aboord. This night at
ten of the clocke, our Boate returned in a showre of raine
from sounding of the Riuer; and found it to bee at an end
for shipping to goe in. For they had beene vp eight or nine
leagues, and found but seuen foot water, and vnconstant
soundings.

The three and twentieth faire weather. At twelue of the
clocke wee weighed, and went downetwo leagues to a shoald
that had two channels, one on the one side and another on
the other, and had little wind, whereby the tide layed vs
upon it. So, there wee sate on the ground the space of an
houre till the floud came. Then we had a little gale of
wind at the west. So wee got our ship into deepe water, and
rode all night very well.

The foure and twentieth was faire weather : the winde at
the north-west, wee weighed and went downe the Riuer
seuen or eight leagues ; and at halfe ebbe wee came on
ground on a bank of oze in the middle of the Riuer, and

Discovery of Hudson River, 5

sate there till the floud. Then wee went on land, and ga-
thered good store of chestnuts. At ten of the clocke wee
came off into deepe water, and anchored.

The five and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind
at south a stiffe gale. We rode still, and went on land to
walke on the west side of the Riuer, and found good ground
for Corne, and other garden herbs, with great store of goodly
oaks, and walnut trees, and chestnut trees, ewe trees, and
trees of sweet wood in great abundance, and great store of
slate for houses, and other good stones.

The sixe and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind
at south a stiffe gale, we rode still. In the morning our
carpenter went on land with our Masters Mate, and foure
more of our companie to cut wood. This morning, two
canoes came vp the Riuer from the place where we first
found louing people, and in one of them was the old man
that had lyen aboord of vs at the other place. He brought
another old man with him, which brought more stropes of
beades, and gave them to our Master, and shewed him all
the countrey there about, as though it were at his command.
So he made the two old men dine with him, and the old
mans wife; for they brought two old women, and two young
maidens of the age of sixteene or seuenteene yeeres with
them, who behaued themselues very modestly. Our Master
gaue one of the old men a Knife, and they gaue him and vs
Tabacco. And at one of the clocke they departed down the
Riuer, making signes that wee should come down to them ;
for wee were within two leagues of the place where they
dwelt. The seuen and twentieth, in the morning was faire
weather, but much wind at the north, we weighed and set
our fore top-sayle, and our ship would not flat, but ran on
the ozie bank at halfe ebbe. Wee layed out anchor to
heaue her off, but could not. So we sate from halfe ebbe to
halfe floud : then wee set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle,
and got downe sixe leagues. The old man came aboord and
would have had vs anchor and goe on land to eate with him :
but the wind being faire, wee would not yeeld to his request.
So hee left vs, being very sorrowful for our departure. At
fine of the clocke in the afternoone, the wind came to the
south-south-west. So wee made a boord or two, and anchored
in fourteene fathomes water. Then our Boat went on shoare

6 Discovery of Hudson River.

to fish, right against the ship. Our Masters Mate and
Boat-swaine, and three more of the companie went on land
to fish, but could not finde a good place. They tooke foure
or five and twenty Mullets, Breames, Bases, and Barbils;
and returned in an houre. We rode still all night.

The eight and twentieth being faire weather, as soon as the
day was light, we weighed at halfe ebbe, and turned downe
two leagues belowe water; for the streame doth runne the last
quarter ebbe : then we anchored till high water. At three of
the clocke in the afternoone we weighed, and turned downe
three leagues, vntill it was darke ; then wee anchored.

The nine and twentieth was drie close weather: the wind
at south, and south by west, wee weighed early in the
morning, and turned downe three leagues by a lowe water,
and anchored at the lower end of the long Reach ; for it is
sixe leagues long. Then there came certaine Indians in a
canoe to vs, but would not come aboord. After dinner there
came the canoe with other men, whereof three came aboord vs.
They brought Indian wheat, which we bought for trifles.
At three of the clocke in the afternoone we weighed, as
soone as the ebbe came, and turned downe to the edge of the
Mountaines, or the northermost of the Mountaines, and an-
chored : because the high land hath many points, and a
narrow channell, and hath many eddie winds. So we rode
quietly all night in seuen fathoms water.

The thirtieth was faire weather, and the wind at south-
east a stiflfe gale between the Mountaynes. We rode still
the afternoone. The people of the countrey came aboord
vs, and brought some small skinnes with them, which we
bought for kniues and trifles. This a very pleasant place to
build a towne on. The road is very neere, and very good
for all winds, saue an east-north-east wind. The Mountaynes
look as if some metall or minerall were in them. For the
trees that grow on them were all blasted and some of them
barren, with few or no trees on them. The people brought
a stone aboord like to emery (a stone vsed by glasiers to cut
glasse), it would cut iron or Steele. Yet being bruised small,
and water put to it, it made a colour like blacke lead glister-
ing; it is also good for painters colours. At three of the
clocke they departed, and we rode still all night.

The first of October^ faire weather, the winde variable

Discovery of Hudson River. 1

between the west and the north. In the morning we
weighed at seuen of the clocke with the ebbe, and got downe
below the Mountaynes, which was seuen leagues. Then it
fell calme and the flood was come, and wee anchored at twelue
of the clocke. The people of the Mountaynes came aboord
vs, wondering at our ship and weapons. We bought
some small skinnos of them for trifles. This afternoone, one
canoe kept hanging vnder our sterne with one man in it,
which we could not keepe from thence, who got vp by our
rudder to the cabin window, and stole out my pillow and two
shirts, and twobandeleeres. Our Masters Mate shot at him,
and strooke him on the brest, and killed him. Whereupon all
the rest fled away, some in their canoes, and some leapt out of
them into the water. We manned our boat, and got our things
againe. Then one of them thatswamme got hold of oure boat,
thinking to ouerthrow it. But our cooke took a sword,
and cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned. By this
time the ebbe was come, and we weighed and got downe
two leagues, by that time it was darke. So we anchored
in foure fathomes water, and rode well.

The seconde, faire weather. At break of day wee
weighed, the wind being at north-west, and got downe seuen
leagues; then the floud was come strong, so we anchored.
Then came one of the sauages that swamme away from vs.
at our going vp the E-iuer with many other, thinking to betray
vs. But we perceived their intent, and svffered none of them
to enter our ship. Whereupon two canoes full of men, with
their bowes and arrowes shot at vs after our sterne : in recom-
pence whereof we discharged sixe muskets, and killed two
or three of them. Then aboue an hundred of them came to
a point of land to shoot at vs. There I shot a falcon at them,
and killed two of them : whereupon the rest fled into the
woods. Yet they manned off another canoe with nine or ten
men which came to meet vs. So I shot at it also a falcon, and
shot it through and killed one of them. Then our men with
their muskets killed three or four more of them. So they went
their way ; within a while after wee got downe two leagues
beyond that place, and anchored in a bay, cleere from all
danger of them on the other side of the Riuer, where we saw
a very good piece of ground : and hard by it there was a
cliffe, that looked of the colour of a white greene, as though

8 Discovery of Hudson River.

it were either copper, siluer myne : and I think it to be one
of them by the trees that grow vpon it. For they be all
burned, and the other places are greene as grasse, it is on
that side of the Riuer that is called 31anna-haUa. There
we saw no people to trouble vs : and rode quietly all night ;
but had much wind and raine.

The third, was very stormie ; the wind at east-north-east.
In the morning, in a gust of wind and raine, our anchor came
home, and we droue on ground, but it was ozie. Then as
we were about to haue out an anchor, the wind came to the
north-north-west, and droue vs off againe.

Tnen we shot an anchor, and let it fall in foure fathomes
water, and weighed the other. Wee had much wind and
raine, with thicke weather, so we rode still all night.

The fourth, was faire weather, and the wind at north-north-
west, wee weighed and came out of the Riuer, into which we
had runne so farre. Within a while after, wee came out also
of The great mouth of the great Riuer ^ that runneth vp to the
north-west, borrowing vpon the norther side of the same,
thinking to haue deepe water; for wee had sounded a great
way with our boat at our first going in, and found seuen, six,
and fiae fathoms. So we came out that way, but we were
deceiued, for we had but eight foot and an halfe water : and
so to three, fine, three, and two fathomes and an halfe. And
then three, foure, fine, sixe, seven, eight, nine and ten fath-
omes. And by twelue of the clocke we were cleere of all
the inlet. Then we took in our boat, and set our mayne-
sayle and sprit-sayle and our top-sayles, and steered away
east-south-east, and south-east by east, off into the mayne sea :
and the land on the souther side of the bay or inlet, did beare
at noone west and by south foure leagues from vs.

The fift, was faire weather, and the wind variable between
the north and the east. Wee held on our course south-east
by east. At noone I obserued and found our height to bee
39 degrees 30 minutes. Our compasse varied sixe degrees
to the west.

We continued our course toward England, without seeing
any land by the way, all the rest of this moneth of October.
And on the seuenth day of Nouember, stllo nouo, being
Saturday, by the Grace of Grod. we safely arriued in the Range
of Dartmouth, in Deuonshire, in the yeere 1609.

Colony of Rensselaerswych

THE COLONY OF KENSSELAERSWYCK.

1614 to 1646.

[The Dutcli having in 1609 discovered and explored the
North river, which has since taken the name of their navi-
gator, Hudson, a number of adventurers followed in his track,
who pursued a small trade with the Indians, and made fur-
ther voyages of discovery along the coast and up the rivers.
The most noted of these were Adrien Block, Hendrick
Corstiaensen and Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, in the year 1614.
We compile from the valuable History of New Netherlands
by Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan, the following account of the
progress of the colony of Rensselaerswyck for a period of
thirty-three years.]

Intelligence of the discoveries made by Block and his
associates having been transmitted to Holland, was received
there early in the autumn of 1614. The united company
by whom they had been employed, lost no time in taking the
steps necessary to secure to themselves the exclusive trade of
the countries thus explored, which was guarantied to them
by the ordinance of the 27tli of March. They sent deputies
immediately to the Hague, who laid before the States Gene-
ral a report of their discoveries, as required, by law, with a
figurative map of the newly explored countries, which now,
for the first time, obtained the name of New Netherland.
A special grant in favor of the interested parties was forth-
with accorded by their High Mightinesses, in the following-
terms :

" The States General of the United Netherlands to all to
whom these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas Gerrit
Witsen, former burgomaster of the city of Amsterdam,
Jonas Witsen, and Simon Mastersen, owners of the ship
called the Little Fox, (het vosje,) Captain Jarn de Witt,
master ) Hans Hongers, Paul Pelgrom, and Lambrect van
Tweenhuysen, owners of the two ships called the Tiger and
the Fortune, Captains Adriaen Block and Hendrick Cor-
stiaensen, masters ; Arnoudt van Lybergen, Wessel Schenck,

10 Colony of Bensselaerswych

Hans Claessen, and Barens Sweetsen, owners of the ship
the Nightingale, (Nochtegael,) Capt. Thuys Yolckertsen,
merchant in the city of Amsterdam, master; and Pieter
Clementsen Brouwer, Jan Clementsen Kies, and Cornelis
Volkertsen merchants in the city of Hoorn, owners of the
ship the Fortune, Capt. Cornelis Jacobsen Mey, master,
have united into one company, and have shown to us by
their petition, that after great expenses and damages by loss
of ships and other perils, during the present year, they, with
the above named five ships, have discovered certain new
lands situated in America, between New France and Virginia
being the sea coasts between 40 and 45 degrees of latitude,
and now called New Netherland : " Ahd whereas, they
further represent that We did, in the month of March, pub-
lish, for the promotion and augmentation of commerce, a
certain consent and grant, setting forth that whosoever should
discover new havens, lands, places, or passages, should be per-
mitted exclusively to visit and navigate the same for four
voyages, without permitting any other person Oui: of the
United Netherlands to visitor frequent such newly discovered
places, until the said discoverers shall have performed the
four voyages, within the space of time prescribed to them
for that purpose, under the penalties therein expressed, &c.,
and request that We should be pleased to accord to them due
testimony of the aforesaid grant in the usually prescribed
form : Wherefore, the premises having been considered,
and We, in our Assembly, having communication of the
pertinent report of the petitioners relative to the discoveries
and finding of the said new countries between the above-
named limits and degrees, and also of their adventurers,
have consented and granted, and by these presents do con-
sent and grant, to the said petitioners, now united into one
company, that they shall be permitted exclusively to visit
and navigate the above described lands, situate in America,
between New France and Virginia, the seacoasts of which
lie between the 40th and 45th degrees of latitude, and which
are now named New Netherland, as is to be seen on the
figurative maps by them prepared ; and to navigate, or cause
to be navigated, the same for four voyages, within the period
of three years, to commence from the first day of January,
1615, or sooner, without it being permitted, directly or in-

Colony of Reyisselaerswych 11

directly, to any oue else to sail, to frequent, or navigate,
out of the United Netherlands, those newly discovered lands,
havens, or places, within the space of three years, as above,
on penalty of the confiscation of the vessel and cargo, be-
sides a fine of fifty thousand Netherlands ducats, for the
benefit of said discoverers.. Provided, however, that by
these presents we do not intend to prejudice or diminish any
of our former grants and concessions ; and it is also our in-
tention that if any disputes or differences should arise from
these our concessions, that they shall be decided by ourselves.
We therefore, expressly command all governors, justices,
ofl&cers, magistrates, and inhabitants, of the aforesaid United
Netherlands, that they allow said company peacefully and
quietly to enjoy the whole benefit of this our grant, and to
interpose no difficulties or obstacles to the welfare of the
same. Given at the Hague, under our seal, paraph, and
the signature of our Secretary, on the 11th day of October,
1614.^'

Having thus obtained for themselves the exclusive right
to visit and trade with the countries in America, lying be-
tween the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees of north latitude, of
which they strangely claimed to be the first discoverers, so
shortly after Hudson's visit, the above named merchants,
who now assumed the name and title of The United New
Netherland Company, proceeded to make the arrangements
necessary to draw from their new possessions the largest
returns. On an island situated at the head of the naviga-
tion, near the west bank of the Manhattan river, now named
De Riviere van den Vorst Mauritius, or Prince Maurice's
river, and immediately below the present city of Albany,
they caused a trading house to be erected, thirty-six feet
long and twenty-six feet wide. Around this was raised a
strong stockade, fifty feet square, which was next encircled
by a moat eighteen feet wide, the whole being defended by
two pieces of cannon and eleven stone guns, mounted on
swivels, and garrisoned by ten or twelve men. This post
was placed under the command of Jacob Jacobz Elkens, who
continued here four years in the employ of this association,
during which time he was well liked by the natives, with
whose language he was thoroughly conversant. Another
fort was erected, under the superintendence of Corstiaensen,

12 Colony of Rensselaerswych

on an elevated spot on the southern extremity of the island
Manhattan, where an insignificant establishmenthad already
existed in 1613, as already stated. Possession was thus
taken of the two most important points on the river, to which
the powerful Mohawks, the fierce Manhatters, and the vari-
ous other tribes in the neighborhood, brought their valuable
furs to be exchanged forEuropean trinkets and dufifels. The
post at the mouth of the river was, however, the traders'
head-quarters. Hither annually came the ships of the New
Netherland Company, and hence was annually exported
whatever had been collected from the Indians, after their hunt-
ing season, at the neighboring coasts and rivers ; from the
distant castles of the Five Nations to the hunting grounds
of the Minquas. Considerable activity consequently prevailed
among the agents and other servants of the company in push-
ing trade, and exploring the adjoining coasts. Runners
scoured the woods, in order to become acquainted with the
habits of the Indians, their manner of dealing, and to esta-
blish friendly relations with those tribes to which the Dutch
were not already known.

The Restless having now thoroughly examined the coast
as far as 38°, and penetrated up the Delaware as far as the
Schuylkill, Capt. Hendrickson returned to Holland in the
summer of 1616, from his second voyage, for the purpose of
laying before the managers of the company the particulars
of his explorations. On being presented to the States Gene-
ral, he made a verbal report of his adventures, on the part
of his employers, who, at the same time, petitioned their
High Mightinesses, setting forth that they had, at con-
siderable expense, discovered and explored certain countries,
bays, and three rivers, lying in latitude from 38°, to 40°, with
a small yacht called the Restless, of about eight lasts burden,
commanded by Capt. Cornells Hendricksen, Jr., of Monni-
chendam, which yacht the petitioners had built in the afore-
said country. They thereupon demanded, in conformity with
the provisions of the ordinance of March, 1614, the ex-
clusive privilege of trading thither.

Skipper Hendricksen's report, it is to be regretted, is
both meagre and brief. After the detail of the preceding
discoveries, he described the country as well wooded with
oak, pine, and hickory, which trees, he added, were in some

Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 13

places covered with vines. He stated that he found in
those parts male and female deer, turkeys, and partridges,
and that the climate was as temperate as that of Holland ;
that he had traded for seal and sable skins, furs, and other
peltries, with the Minquas, from whom he had ransomed
three of the company's servants, who had left their employ-
ment among the Mohawks and Mohegans, having given, in
exchange for them, beads, kettles, and other merchandise.

Whether it was that the States General were dissatisfied
with the small amount of information furnished in this
report, or that other interests had by this time sprung up,
which were anxious to participate in the advantages of the
trade to America, or that paramount reasons of public policy
influenced their deliberations, their high mightinesses laid
this application on the table, and the exclusive grant to the
New Netherland Company expired, by its own limitation,
on the 1st of January, 1618, in the spring of which year, the
breaking up of the ice, and the accompanying freshet on the
River Mauritius, or North river, did so much injury to the
company's fort on Castle island, that their servants were
obliged to abandon it, and to remove a few miles south, to
the banks of the Tawalsontha creek, now called the Norman's
kill. Here, on a hill, called by the Indians Tawassgunshee,
they erected a new fortification, and concluded with the
great confederacy of the Five Nations a formal treaty of
alliance and peace.

This celebrated Indian confederation was composed of five
tribes, namely, the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas,
and Senecas, and generally known by the name of the
Iroquois. They inhabited the country bounded on the east
by the G-reat River Manhattes and Lake Irocoisia, or
Champlain ; on the west by Lake Erie and the River
Niagara ; on the north by Lake Ontario and the Grreat river
of Canada ; and on the south by the country of the Lenni
Lenape, or Delawares. When the Dutch arrived in America,
the tribes composing the Five Nations were at war with the
Algonquin, or Canada Indians. But the latter having
formed an alliance with the French, who, some years previ-
ous to this date, had commenced the settlement of New
France, as Canada was called, derived such powerful aid from
the firearms of their European allies, that the Iroquois were

2

14 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.

defeated in almost every rencontre with their ancient enemy.
Smarting under the disgrace of these unexpected repulses,
the Iroquois hailed the establishment among them, now of
another European nation familiar with the use of those
terrible instruments, which, almost without human invention,
scattered death wherever they were directed, and defied the
war club and bow and arrow as weapons of attack or defence.
Though jealous by nature, and given to suspicion, the
Indians exhibited none of these feelings towards the new-
comers, whose numbers were too few even to protect them-
selves or to inflict injury on others. On the contrary, they
courted their friendship, for through them they shrewdly
calculated on being placed in a condition to cope with the
foe, or to obtain that bloody triumph for which they thirsted.
Such were the circumstances which now led to that treaty
of alliance, which, as the tradition goes, was concluded on
the banks of the Norman's kill, between the Five Nations
and the Dutch.

Nothing could surpass the importance the warlike inhabit-
ants of those ancient forests attached to the ratification of
this solemn treaty. Each tribe sent its chief as its ambassa-
dor to represent it on this occasion. The neighboring
tribes — the Lenni Lenape and Mohegans — were invited to
attend; and there in the presence of the earth, their common
mother — of the sun, which shed its genial heat on all alike —
by the murmurs of that romantic stream, whose waters
had been made to flow by their common Maker from all time,
was the belt of peace held fast by the Dutch and their ab-
original allies, in token of their eternal union. There Was
the calumet smoked, and the hatchet buried, while the Dutch
traders declared that they should forthwith erect a church
over the weapon of war, so that it could no more be exhumed
without overturning the sacred edifice, and whoever dared
do that should incur the resentment of the white men. By
this treaty the Dutch secured for themselves the quiet
possession of the Indian trade, and the Five Nations obtained
the means to assert that ascendency which they ever after
maintained over the other native tribes, and to inspire terror
far and near among the other savages of North America.

The West India Company having finally in 1623 con-
cluded its preparatory arrangements, and completed, with the

Colony of Rensselaer swyck. 15

sanction of the States General, the articles of agreement
between the managers and the other adventurers, lost no time
in commencing operations and forming establishments in
New Netherland, which was erected into a province. A forti-
fied post, called Fort Orange, was commenced on the west bank
of the river Mauritius, as the North river was called, a few
miles north of the redoubt which had been erected in 1618
on Tawalsontha creek, and thirty-six (Dutch) miles from
the Island of Manhattans.

In 1629, a charter of privileges and exemptions was passed
for the encouragement of patroons to settle colonies, and in
the following year several wealthy and influential directors
of the Dutch West India Company hastened to avail them-
selves of its advantages. BastiacQ Jansen Krol commissary,
and Dierck Cornelissen Duyster, under commissary at Fort
Orange, having learned that a tract of land called San-
nahagog, lying on the west side of the North river, extend-
ing from Beeren island, by the Indians called Passapenock,
up to the Smackx island, and in breadth two days' journey,
was for sale, purchased the same from Paep Sikenekomptas,
Nancouttanshal, and Sickoussen, the native proprietors, for
Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a pearl-merchant in Amsterdam, and
one of the directors of the West India Company. Three
months afterwards, Gillis Hoossett purchased, in the presence
of Jan Jansen Meyndertsen, Wolfert Gerritsen, and Jan
Tyssen, trumpeter, for the same gentleman, from Cottomack,
Nawanemit, Abantzene, Sagisguwa. and Kanamoack, the
lands lying south and north of Fort Orange, and extending to
within a short distance of Moenimines Castle, then situated
on what is now called Haver island, at the mouth of the
Mohawk j and from Nawanemit, one off'the last named chiefs,
his grounds, called Semesseeck, stretching on the east side
of the river from opposite Castle island to a point facing Fort
Orange, and thence from Poetanoek, the Mill creek, north
to Negagons. These conveyances were subsequently ratified
by the respective parties, in the presence of the Director-
general and council of New Netherland, who signed an in-
strument to that effect, " sealed with the seal of New
Netherland in red wax" on the same day that the charter of
1629 was proclaimed at Fort Amsterdam. Nearly seven
years afterwards — namely, on the 13th April, 1637 — an

16 Colony of Eensselaerswyck.

intervening district called Papsickenekaas or Papsskanea-as
the name is now pronounced, lying also on the east side of
the river, and extending from opposite Castle island south
to the point opposite Smackx island, and including the
adjacent islands and all the lands back into the interior, be-
longing to the Indian owners, was purchased " for certain
quantities of duffels, axes, knives, and wampum," also for
Mr. Van Rensselaer, who thus became proprietor of a tract
of country twenty-four miles long, and forty-eight miles broad,
containing, as is estimated, over seven hundred thousand
acres of land which now compose the counties of Albany,
Rensselaer, and part of the county of Columbia.

On the 1st of October 1630, a copartnership was entered
into between Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, Samuel Grodyn, Johan-
nes de Laet, and Samuel Bloemmaert, with whom were
associated Adam Bissels and Toussaint Moussart, who, by the
terms of the contract, were constituted codirectors of Rens-
selaerswyck. The common stock of this association was
divided into five shares, of which Van Rensselaer held two ;
De Laet, one; Godyn,one; and Bloemmaert and his associates
one; and the management of the affairs of the colonic was com-
mitted to aboard consistingof four persons or votes, of which
Van Rensselaer represented, or held two; Bloemmaert, or
Bissels, one; and De Laet, or Moussart, one. Van Rensse-
laer was, however, not to have any rank or authority in the
colonic superior to his associates, except the title o? patroon^
which, with all its feudal honors, was vested in him alone,
the partners binding themselves to do fealty and homage for
the fief on his demise, in the name, and on the behalf of his
son and heirs.

Another association was formed, a few days afterwards,
between Grodyn, Van Rensselaer, Bloemmaert, De Laet,
Mathias van Cuelen, Hendrick Hamel, Johan van Ilarinck-
houck, and Nicolaus van Sitterich, also directors of the
West India Company, and Capt. David Pieterssen de Vries,
for planting a colonic on the South river. Equalizing all
expected advantages, they equipped a ship and yacht for that
quarter, where they designed raising tobacco and grain, and
prosecuting the whale fishery, oil bringing then a fair price
in Holland. Preparations were also made to expedite
farmers and cattle to Rensselaerswyck : and everywhere, at

Colony of RmsselaersioycL 17

home and abroad, things wore the aspect of prosperity, and
" promised fairlie both to the state and undertakers.''

The condition of the Dutch settlements on the North river,
at this time, is thus alluded to by a contemporary English
writer : " This which they have settled in New England upon
Hudson's river, with no extraordinary charge or multitude
of people, is knowne to subsist in a comfortable manner, and
to promise fairlie both to the state and undertakers. The
cause is evdent : The men whom they carrie, though they be
not many, are well chosen, and known to be useful and
serviceable ; and they second them with seasonable and fit
supplies, cherishing them as carefully as their owne families,
and employ them in profitable labors, that are knowne to be
of special! use to their comfortable subsisting." The Plant-
ers' Plea; London, 1630.

The inhabitants of Rensselaerswyck in 1 640, who numbered
at the time as many traders as individuals, noting the avidity
with which the Mohawks sought after fire-arms, willingly pay-
ing the English twenty beavers for a musket, and from ten to
twelve guilders for a pound of gunpowder, were desirous to
share so profitable a trade. They commenced accordingly, to
furnish fire-arms to these Indians. The profits which
accrued became soon known, and traders from Holland soon
introduced large quantities of guns and other munitions of
war into the interior. The Mohawks, thus provided with
arms for four hundred warriors, swept the country from
Canada to the sea-coast, levying tribute on the surrounding
terror-stricken tribes.

The charter of 1629 having provided that every colonic
should contain, within four years after its establishment, at
least fifty persons over fifteen years of age, one fourth of
whom should be located within the first year, the parties in-
terested in the settlement of Rensselaerswyck lost no time
in complying with these conditions. Early in the spring
of the following year a number of colonists, with their
families, and provided with farming implements, stock, and
all other necessaries, sailed from the Texel, in the company's
ship the Eendracht, Capt. Jan Brouwer, commander, and
arrived in safety at the Manhattes, after a passage of sixty-
four days. In a short time afterwards they landed at Fort
Orange, in the vicinity of which they were furnished with

18 Colony of Bensselaerswych.

comfortable farm-houses and other dwellings, at the ex-
pense of the patroon and his associates. Other settlers
followed, with additional stock, each succeeding season, and
thus were laid the foundations of those moral, wealthy and
prosperous settlements which we now behold in and around
the present city of Albany.

Invested as well by the Roman law, as by the charter, with
the chief command and lower jurisdiction, the patroon be-
came empowered to administer civil and criminal justice, in
person, or by deputy, within his colonic; to appoint local offi-
cers and magistrates ; to erect courts, and to take cognizance
of all crimes committed within his limits; to keep a gallows,
if such were required, for the execution of malefactors, sub-
ject however, to the restriction that if such gallows hap-
pened, by any accident, to fall, pending an execution, a new
one could not be erected, unless for the purpose of hanging
another criminal. The right to inflict punishments of minor
severity was necessarily included in that which authorized
capital convictions, and accordingly we find various instances,
throughout the record of the local court, of persons who had,
by breaking the law, rendered themselves dangerous to so-
ciety, or obnoxious to the authorities, having been banished
from the colonic, or condemned to corporal chastisement,
fine, or imprisonment, according to the grade of their
05*6 nces.

In civil cases, all disputes between man and man ; whether
relating to contracts, titles, possessions, or boundaries; in-
juries to property, person, or character ; claims for rents, and
all other demands between the patroon and his tenants, were
also investigated and decided by these courts; from the
judgment of which, in matters affecting life and limb, and in
suits where the sum in litigation exceeded twenty dollars,
appeals lay to the director-general and council at Fort
Amsterdam. But the local authorities, it must be added,
were so jealous of this privilege that they obliged the colo-
nists, on settling within their jurisdiction to promise not to
appeal from any sentence of the local tribunal.

The laws in force here were, as in other sections of New
Netherland, the civil code, the enactments of the States
General, the ordinances the West India Company, and of
the director-general and. council, when properly published

U^ Df ^ReniSsdaErsmtjck, Inno 1630.

TWILLER.S DAEl.

Colony of Rensselaerswyck, 19

within the colonie, and such rules and regulations as the
patroon and his codirectors, or the local authorities might
establish and enact.

The government was vested in a general court, which
exercised executive, legislative or municipal, and judicial
functions, and which was composed of two commissaries,
{gecommiffeerden ;) two councillors, styled indiscriminately
raefspersoonen, gerechts-persoonen, or raedtsvrienden, or schc'
penen, and who answered to modern justices of the peace.

Adjoined to this court were a colonial secretary, a sheriff,
or, sellout fiscaal^ and a Gerechts-hode, court messenger, or
constable. Each of these received a small compensation,
either in the shape of a fixed salary or fees; the commissaries
and magistrates, fifty, one hundred, or two hundred guilders
annually, according to their standing ; the secretary one
hundred guilders ', and the court messenger one hundred and
fifty, with the addition of trifling fees for the transcript and
service of papers. The magistrates of the colonie held office
for a year, the court appointing their successors from among
the other settlers, or continuing those already in office, at
the expiration of their term of service, as it deemed proper.

The most important functionary attached to this govern-
ment was, as throughout the other parts of the country, the
schout-fiscaal, who, in discharge of his public functions, was
bound by instructions received from the patroon and co-
directors, similar in tenor to those given to the same officer
at the Manhattans. No man in the colonie was to be sub-
ject to loss of life or property unless by the sentence of a
court composed of five persons, and all who were under
accusation were entitled to a speedy and impartial trial. The
public prosecutor was particularly enjoined not to receive
presents or bribes, nor to be interested in trade or commerce,
either directly or indirectly; and in order that he might be
attentive to the performance of his duties, and thoroughly
independent, he was secured a fixed salary, a free house,
and all fines amounting to ten guilders [ 84 ], or under, besides
the third part of all forfeitures and amends over that sum,
were his perquisites.

Jacob Albertsen Planck was the first sheriff of Rensselaers-
wyck. Arendt van Curler, who originally came out as
assistant commissary, was appointed, soon after his arrival,

20 Colony of JRensselaerswych

commissary-general, or superintendent of the colonic, and
acted as colonial secretary until 1642, when he was succeeded
by Anthony de Hooges. Brant Peelen, Gerret de Reus, Cor-
nells Teunissen van Breuckelen, Pieter Cornelissen van
Munickendam, and Dirck Jansen were, if not the first, at
least among the earliest magistrates of the settlement.

The population of the colonic consisted at this remote
period of three classes. Freemen, who emigrated from Hol-
land at their own expense ; farmers and farm-servants, who
were sent out by thepatroon, who judiciously applied his large
resources in promoting the early settlement of the country,
and in assisting the struggling industry of his people. To
accomplish this laudable object a number of farms were
set off, on both sides of the river and adjoining islands, on
which he caused dwelling-houses, barns, and stables to be
erected. These farms were suitably stocked with cows,
horses, or oxen, and occasionally, sheep ; and furnished with
ploughs, wagons and other necessary agricultural imple-
ments, all which preliminary expenses were defrayed by the
proprietor so that the farmer entered on the property unem-
barrassed by the want of capital, which often tends to impede
the progress of settlers in new countries. Some of those farms
were then valued, and an annual rent was fixed, equivalent
in some sort to the interest of the capital expended on their
improvement, and payable semi-annually in grain, beavers,
and wampum. Other farms were let out on halves, or for
the third of their produce ; the patroon was entitled, at the
same time, to half the increase from the stock, reserved to
himself one-tenth of the produce of each farm ; and in various
instances stipulated for a yearly erkentenis, or acknowledg-
ment of a few pounds of butter. The tenant was privileged,
however, to compound, by the payment of a fixed annual
sum for the tenths of the farm, or for his halves or thirds. He
was bound, at the same time, to keep the fences, buildings, or
farming implements, in repair, and to deliver them up in the
same good order in which he had received them, subject
in all cases to ordinary wear and tear, but the patroon bore
all risks of destruction of the buildings, cattle and other pro-
perty which might accrue from war, or misunderstanding
with the Indians. Wild or unimproved land was usually
leased for a term often years free of rent or tenths, subject,

Colony of Rensselaerswych 21

however, to be improved by tbe lessee, all improvements
falling to the patroon on the expiration of the lessee. In
addition to the facilities above enumerated, each of the
settlers, on leaving Holland, were, like those sent by the
West India Company to the Manhattans, generally furnished
with clothing and a small sum in cash, the latter to be repaid,
at some future occasion, in produce or wampum, with an
advance on the principal of fifty per cent. This, however
disproportionate it may now seem, can not be considered
unreasonable or extravagant, when it is understood that the
diflFerence, at the time, between colonial and Holland cur-
rency was nearly forty per cent, while between the latter
and the value of wampum it was vastly larger. The patroon
was bound, at the same time, to supply his colonists with a
sufficient number of laborers to assist them in the work of
their farms. As compensation for his trouble in engaging
these and for his advances in conveying them to America,
he was entitled to the sum of sixteen guilders, or six dollars,
per-annum for each laborer, over and above the yearly wages
which the farmer was to allow such servants, and which
ranged from forty to one hundred and fifty guilders, and
board. This sum provided these servants with necessary
clothing, and in the course of time placed at their disposal
wherewith to enter on a farm on tbeir own account. It is to
be remarked, however, that the first patroon seriously com-
plained that his settlers not only threw altogether on him
the payment of these wages, but took large quantities of
goods from his store for which they made no returns what-
ever, though they were bound to settle at the end of each
year, and to hand in an account of the produce of the farm,
distinguishing the patroon's tenths, halves, or thirds, the
amount paid for wages, and their own expenses, so as to allow
him to ascertain what his own profits and losses were at the
close of each annual term.

In return for his outlay and trouble, the civil code, which,
it must be always borne in mind, was the fundamental law
of this colonic, vested in the patroon several privileges
common to the feudal system. At the close of the harvest,
the farmer was bound to hand in a return of the amount of
grain which he had for sale, after deducting what was due
to the landlord by the lease, and offer to him, or his com-

22 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.

missary the preemption of such produce. In case he re-
fused to buy it, then the farmer was at liberty to sell the
same elsewhere. The like rule obtained in regard to
cattle. When these were to be sold, the first offer was
also to be made to the patroon, in order, we presume,
that he should have an opportunity of retaining the stock
within the colonic. Every settler was likewise obligated
to grind his corn at the patroon's mill, and the latter was
equally obligated to erect, and keep such mill in repair, at
his own expense, for the accommodation of his colonists.
No person could hunt or fish within the limits of the
colonic, without license from the patroon, who, on the
exchange, sale, and purchase of real estate within his
jurisdiction, was entitled to the first offer of such property;
or if he declined to resume it, to a certain portion of the
purchase money, except such mutation occurred in the
natural line of descent. Finally, it was his right, as " lord
of the manor," to succeed to the estate and property of all
persons who might die intestate within his colonic.

Under the fostering care of its first patroon, and the pru-
dent management of its local magistracy, the colonic of
Rensselaerswyck progressively, though slowly, advanced.
Portions of its inhabitants occasionally returned to Father-
land, to spread the tidings of their prosperity, and to invite
their friends and relatives to join them in their new houses,
which from the abundance and cheapness of provisions,
deserved truly to be called " a land flowing with milk and
honey.'' A hamlet gradually arose. On account, it is said,
of the crescent form of the bank of the river at this point,
this hamlet was first called the Fuyck, or Beversfuyck, and
afterwards Beverswyck, by which name the present city of
Albany was legally known until 1664, though it was famili-
arly called the Fuyck, by the Dutch, for many years after
the entire country had passed into the hands of other masters.

In order to give greater stability to his settlement, and to
become better acquainted with its condition, Mr. Van Rens-^
selaer, it is alleged, visited the colonic in person in 1637.
His stay in the country, if he ever did come, was, however,
not very long. The demise or resignation of Sheriff Planck
now required the appointment of a new officer, and the
peculiar position of the settlers, surrounded on all sides by

Colony of BensselaersioycL 2B

rude and unconverted savages, demanded the guardian
supervision and solacing comforts of religion, for as yet
neither church nor clergymen, existed in Rensselaerswyck.
To secure an efficient administration of justice, and to pro-
vide a properly qualified clergyman for his people, conse-
quently became a paramount duty.

Adriaen van der Donck, *'a free citizen of Breda," — a
lineal descendant of Adriaen van Bergen, part owner of the
famous turf-sloop in which a party of Dutch troops were
clandestinely introduced, in the year 1590, into the castle
commanding that city, then in the hands of the Spanish, by
which stratagem that stronghold fell into the hands of their
High Mightinesses the States General, — and a graduate of
the University of Ley den, was selected as the successor of
Sherifi" Planck. He entered on the performance of his
duties, as schout-fiscaal of Rensselaerewyck, in the course
of a month or two after his appointment, having, previous
to his departure from Holland, taken a lease from the
patroon of the west half of Castle island, called Welysburg.

The Rev. Johannes Megapolensis, " the pious and well-
learned minister of the congregation of Schoorel and Berge,"
under the classis of Alkmaer, was duly called to disseminate
the light of the gospel among the Christians and heathen
in the colonic, and regularly commissioned " to preach God^s
word there ; to administer the holy sacraments of baptism
and the Lord's supper; to set an example, 4n a Christian-
like manner, by public precept; to ordain elders and dea-
cons; to keep and govern, by and with the advice and
assistance of the same, God's congregation in good discipline
and order, all according to God's holy word, and in con-
formity with the government, confession, and catechism of
the Netherland churches, and the synodal acts of Dordrecht."

The allowance guarantied to this clergyman was free
passage and board for himself, his wife and four children,
who accompanied him to New Netherland; an outfit of three
hundred guilders, or one hundred and twenty dollars, and
an annual stipend, for the first three years, of eleven hun-
dred guilders, ($440,) thirty schepels of wheat, and two
firkins of butter, or in place thereof, should he prefer
it, sixty guilders in cash. The salary was to be further in-
creased by an addition of two hundred guilders a year, for

24 Colony of Rensselaer swych

a second term of three years, if the patroon were satisfied
with his services. A pension of one hundred guilders per
annum was secured to his wife, in case of his demise within
the above term, for and during whatever time might remain
unexpired of his engagement.

These preliminaries having been thus arranged, an
obstacle was unexpectedly thrown in the way of Mr. Mega-
polensis's departure by the directors of the West* India
Company, who claimed the exclusive right to approve of
his appointment. To this, however, the feudal lord of
Rensselaerswyck demurred ; and it was not until after a
lapse of several months that a compromise was agreed to, the
directors approving of the appointment under protest on the
part of Mr. Van Rensselaer, saving his rights as patroon.

The Rev. Mr. Megapolensis and family embarked, to-
gether with Abraham Staes, surgeon, Evert Pels, brewer,
and a number of other freeman, farmers, and farm -servants,
shortly after this, in the ship the Houttuyn, or Woodyard,
which was freighted with a quantity of goods for the
colonic — between two and three hundred bushels of malt
for Mr. Pels — four thousand tiles, and thirty thousand stone
for building — besides some vines and madder, the cultivation
of which the patroon was desirous of introducing among his
people. 1 On the arrival of Mr. Megapolensis at Rensselaers-
wyck, a contract was concluded for the erection of a dwelling
for himself and family, but the contractor having failed in
fulfilling his agreement a house belonging to Maryn Adriaen-
sen, constructed entirely of oak, was subsequently purchased
for his use, for the sum of three hundred guilders, or one
hundred and twenty dollars. For the convenience of the
settlers at Tuscameatick, (as Greenbush, at the opposite side
of the river, was called by the Indians,) a ferry was next
established near the foot of the beaver's kill, (where it still
continues to ply;) and as it was the patroon's intention that

^Mr. Pels erected a brewery in the colonie; Dr. Staes became
one of tlie council in 1643, and was appointed president of the board
in 1644, at a salary of 100 florins ($40) per annum. He obtained
license to trade in furs, and bad also a considerable bouwerie,
besides pursuing the practice of his profession. He was the an-
cestor of the Staats of the present day, the original name having
assumed shortly afterwards the termination it now has.

Colony of Bensselaerswyck, 25

the clmrch, the minister's dwelling, the attorney-general's
residence, and the houses for the trades-people and mechanics,
should be erected in one vicinity, so as to constitute a kerck-
huurte, or settlement around the church, orders were
transmitted that no persons (farmers and tobacco planters
excepted) should, for the future, establish themselves, after
the expiration of their term of service, elsewhere than in
the vicinity of the church, and according to the plan now
sent out by the Houttuyn; for, it was justly observed, "if
every one resides where he thinks fit, separated far from other
settlers, they, should trouble occur, would be unfortunately in
danger of their lives, as sorrowful experience hath demon-
strated around the Manhattans." A church, thirty -four feet
long and nineteen feet wide — the first in this quarter — was
erected in the course of the following year. Though
humble in its dimensions, when compared with modern
edifices of a similar sacred character, it was considced, at this
time, sufficiently ample for the accommodation of the faith-
ful, " for the next three or four years, after which it might
be converted intoaschoolhouse, or a dwelling for the sexton/'
A pulpit, ornamented with a canopy, was soon added for the
preacher, as well as pews for the magistrates and for the
deacons, and "nine benches'' for the congregation. The
expense of all this necessary furniture amounted to the sum
of thirty-two dollars. While providing accommodation for
the living the dead were not forgotten. The church-yard
lay in the rear, or to the west, of the patroon's trading-
house — in what is now very correctly called Church street :
and in order " to be safe from the ravages of the Indians,"
the infant hamlet, living and dead, nestled close under the
guns of Fort Orange.

One 'of the principal aims of the first foundei's of
Ivensselaerswyck seems to have been to secure for themselves
the valuable trade in furs, the chief mart for which centered
at the point where they made their purchase and commenced
their settlement. To engross this the more efi'ectually, all
foreign and unlicensed traders were rigidly excluded from
the colonic. The patroon and his partners were the only
privileged importers of European merchandise, the company
having, in consequence of the war and other causes, ceased
to keep Fort Orange supplied with foreign goods. All set-
3

26 Colony of Rensselaerswych

tiers were bound under oatli not to purchase any peltries from
the Indians, on pain of forfeiting their goods and wages, un-
less duly licensed to carry on such trade, for such a privilege
was exclusively vested in the patroon by the sixth article of
the charter. The majority of the settlers subsequently
obtained such permission ; received goods on credit from the
patroon's store, and every farmer, as De Vries observes,
become a trader. They were, however, obliged to bring in
all the furs which they purchased to the patroon's magazine,
to be sent over to Holland to him, he retaining, as his share,
half the profits. This condition was afterwards modified so
far as to allow him to retain only the sixth beaver, and one
guilder recognition, or duty, on each of the remaining five-
sixths. This system soon produced results which were
naturally to be expected. Competition raised the price of
peltries nearly one hundred per cent. Prior to 1642 the
price of a merchantable beaver, which averaged about an
ell square, was six hands, or fathoms, of wampum. In the
course of that year the article commanded from seven to
seven and a half; but when the traders found that the
agents of the patroon, as well as the officers at Fort Orange,
did not refuse paying that price, they immediately offered
nine ; and in the following year advanced the rate to ten
fathoms of white wampum for each skin. A joint procla-
mation was hereupon issued by the authorities of Rensselaers-
wyck, and those of the Fort, fixing the price of furs at nine
fathoms of white, or four and a half of black wampum, and
forbidding all persons whatsoever, whether servants of the
company or residents in the colonic, from going into the
woods to trade in advance with the Indians, on pain of seizure
of all their goods. Another proclamation was also issued, pro-
hibiting all traders to come with their sloops within the limits
of the colonic under the penalty of forfeiting the same. And
on the following court-day a third proclamation followed, for
the better securing the monopoly of the import trade to the
patroon, by which the inhabitants of the colonic were abso-
lutely forbidden purchasing any goods from the local traders.
Orders were given at the same time to Sherifl" Van der Donck
to enforce these regulations with strictness and severity.

This functionary, between whom and Van Curler, and the
other officers of the colonio; considerable jealousy and ill feel-

Colony of Rensselaer swych 27

iugalready existed, had no desire to render himself unpopu-
lar with the colonists. "He should not," he said, "make
himself the worst, man in the colonie, nor be suspected by
the colonists, for his term as officer was but short." He
therefore not only refused to enforce these regulations, but
when, a few days afterwards, the colonists, contrary to the
prohibitions of the court, did purchase duffels and sundry
other goods which had been surreptitiously introduced, he
connived at their proceedinos, and either told the suspected
parties to put their goods out of his sight, or neglected entire-
ly to execute his duty, or to make any seizures. Not content
with this disobedience of orders, he proceeded, next, secretly
to foment feelings of discontent and mutiny among the people,
before whom he placed the abovementioned placards in a
most odious light, and whom he persuaded into the belief
that Van Curler was endeavoring "to steal the bread out of
their mouths." His representation had eventually such an
effect on the public mind, that a conspiracy was formed
against the commissary-general among several of the colonists,
who drew up a strong protest against that officer, which, in
order that they might remain undiscovered, the ringleaders
signed in the form of a " round robin," by affixing to the
paper their signatures in " a circle." This done, they next
denounced Van Curler in the most vehement terms. Some
proposed driving him from the colonie as a rogue ; others,
more vindictive and turbulent, insisted on taking his life.
These threats, fortunately for the character of the settlers,
were not followed up by any overt act Van der Donck pro-
fessed, all the while, an honest desire to second the wishes
of the constituted authorities. But when the time for testing
his sincerity arrived, he was found wanting in the fulfillment
of his promise.

It became apparent now from the ill-feeling which existed
between Sheriff Van dor Donck and the other functionaries
in the colonie, and which had already caused in two instances
an exchange of blows, that the former could not comforta-
bly prolong his stay in Rensselaerswyck, or hold his office
very agreeably, much longer. He determined, indeed, to
return to Holland in the course of the next year, as he was
desirous to become a patroon himself, with which view he
proceeded, with several colonists, to Katskill, to purchase

28 Colony of Bensselaerswyck.

the lands there from the Indians, for the erection of an inde-
pendent colonie. But the moment the patroon of Rensselaers-
wyck received intelligence of this" dishonest" move on the
part of " his sworn officer/' he immediately forwarded in-
structions to Van Curler, couched in the following stringent
terms :

"The patroon of the Colonie of Renselaerswyck having,
on the sixth of this month, given a Commission to Pieter
Wyucoop, commis. on board his ship, to purchase for a
reasonable price from the natural owners and inhabitants,
and from their chiefs, their lands lying about Katskill, in
consequence of certain information which he had that
Adriaen van der Donck his sworn officer, dishonestly
designed to purchase for him and his, to the prejudice of
him, the patroon, his lord and master, the said lands, lying
under the shadow of his colonie. Therefore he, by virtue
of the sixth and twenty-sixth articles of his freedoms and
exemptions, doth claim that no person shall, against his will,
approach within seven or eight miles of him; also that he
hath power to enlarge his colonie, on condition of planting
a proportionate number of colonists there, which number
was, even by this vessel, so increased that he hath already
included the same from RansselaersStein, down to Katskill,
remaining on the same side, within his resort. And further,
having obtained certain information that such is, indeed, also
true, the commissary-general Arendt van Curler, together
with the aforesaid Pieter Wyncoop, are charged not to inquire
of the above-named Van der Donck if it be true, (inasmuch
as the patroon hath by him sufficient proof thereof,) but him
to constrain, should he have done so, to desist, de facto, there-
from, and to cede and to make over to him, the patroon, all
whatsoever he hath required, conformably to his oath, having'
sworn to be true and faithful specially to him, his injury to
prevent and his advantages to promote, both which in this
matter have not happened ; and in case the said purchase be
not yet effected, that he, in presence of the commissaries and
council of the colonic, do promise, under oath, not to proceed
therewith, but to respect him the patroon, and to afford to
his (agents) all favor and help, that they may be allowed to
make the aforesaid purchase to the best advantage; and
should he refuse the one, or the other, to secure his person,

Colony of Rensselaer swyck, 29

inasmuch us he has also endeavored, per fas et nefas, (met minne
ofte onminue,) to return home in case the patroon should not
consent to discharge him ; and inasmuch as the lease of his
bouwerie, which he hath taken and agreed for in person
with the patroon, hath still long to run, which he can not set
aside without consent, but shall be bound to keep during that
time. And in witness of the truth hath the Patroon sub-
scribed these with his hand, and sealed them with his and
the colonie's seal, in Amsterdam, this 10th September, 1643.

KiLiAEN VAN Rensselaer,
[Seal] Patroon of the Colonic of llensselaerswyck :

" In case Van der Douck should prove obstinate, he shall
be degraded from his office, and left on his bouwerie to com-
plete his contracted lease, without allowing him to depart,
and his office shall be conferred, provisionally, on Nicolaus
Coorn, till further orders, divesting him of all papers apper-
taining to his charge. But if he will desist, then his office,
and his bouwerie, shall he be allowed to hold. Actum as above.
KiLiAEN VAN Rensselaer,

in quality as herein above stated."

This order, which had the effect of arresting Van der
Donck's intended colonic at Katskill, was conveyed to New
Netherland by the patroon's ship, The Arms of Rensselaers-
wyck, which was dispatched with an assorted invoice of mer-
chandise, consisting of woollen, linen, and cotton goods,
ready-made clothing, silks, glass, crockery, leather, fruit,
cheese, spices, brandy, gin, wines, cordials, tobacco-pipes,
nets, looking glasses, beads, axes, adzes, razors, knives, scissors,
bells, nails, spoons, kettles, thimbles, pins, needles, threads,
rings, shoes, stockings, gloves, combs, buttons, muskets,
pistols, swords, shot, lead, canvas, pitch and tar, candles,
stationery, and various other commodities, valued at twelve
thousand eight hundred and seventy guilders, to be bartered
with the Indians and other inhabitants of the country for
tobacco, furs, and other produce. To ensure entire success
for this venture, the skipper, supercargo, and pilot of the
ship were allowed a direct pecuniary interest in the proceeds
of the voyage.

The system of license introduced by the patroon, and the
profits which resulted, had already incited a number of pri-

30 Colony of Bensselciersvyyck.

vate individuals to embark in the fur-trade. As a conse-
quence, this staple was altogether taken out of the hands both
of the patroou's and the company's servants, who could
purchase scarcely a skin, while private traders exported
thousands of peltries. A number of unlicensed traders now
resorted to the colonic, who drew the Indians away into
" secret trading places," where by means of higher prices, they
got possession of the most valuable furs, " not caring whether
or not the trade was so injured as to render the patroon un-
able to meet the expenses of his colonic/' Having thus
''debauched" the savages, these interlopers succeeded next,
by means of " wine and strong drink, which they sold at an
usurious rate," in perverting many of the colonists, from
whom they got, not only peltries, but even large quantities
of grain, which the farmers disposed of without either respect-
ing the patroon's pre-emption right, or paying the tenths,
or accounting for the halves or thirds which they were
bound by lease to pay.

To arrest these illicit proceedings, the patroon adopted
two measures which would, he expected, put a stop to the
injuries which his interests were sustaining from the compe-
tition that was then exhausting and impoverishing his colonic.
One of these was the erection of a fortified post and trading
house at Beeren, or Bear's Island, the southern boundary of
his estate, which, by commanding the channel of the river,
would exclude all vessels, but his own and those of the West
India Company, from the upper waters of the Hudson. The
other was, to send out a stock of goods sufficient to
supply, through his establishments at Beverswyck and Beeren
Island, the Mohawks and river Indians, and all the neigh-
boring vsettlers, with whatsoever they may require in barter
for their produce, whether furs or corn. It was with a view
to carry out the latter part of this project^ that the Arms of
Rensselaerswyck now sailed with the above mentioned valua-
ble cargo.

She arrived at the Manhattans while the war with the
Indians was at its height, and at the moment when Kieft
was sorely distressed for clothing for the troops which he
had enlisted. A recjuisition was immediately made on Pieter
Wyncoop, the supercargo of the ship, for a supply of fifty
pairs of shoes to be distributed among the soldiers, payment

Colony of BensselaerswycL 31

for which was offered "in silver, beavers, or wampum,'^ at
such price as the supercargo might demand. But Wyn-
coop, perceiving that he could sell these goods to more advan-
tage to the inhabitants than to the director, injudiciously
refused to comply with this requisition. A forced levy was
the result, and as many soldiers were equipped with shoes
from the ship, as " killed five hundred of the enemy." The
evil consequence of Wyncoop's refusal did not stop here.
The ship was immediately overhauled by authority of the di-
rector and council, and a considerable quantity of powder
and a number of guns found on board, which were not enu-
merated in the manifest, and which Wyncoop was charged
with intending to sell to the savages. These articles having
been made contraband by law, and their introduction for-
bidden on pain of death, were, together with the ship,
forthwith confiscated.

Wyncoop now too late, perceived the error which either
his instructions or his covetousness had plunged him In
the hope, however, of retreiving his loss, he instituted an ac-
tion against Cornelis Van der Huygens, the fiscaal at Fort
Amsterdam, against whom he protested, in strong terms, for
having unloaded his ship, which proceeding he pronounced
an insult, a reproach, and a wrong inflicted on the honorable
patroon, " the first and oldest patriot of the land," and for
which aggression he now demanded redress from the director-
general and council. It was much fitter for the fiscaal, he
added, to discharge and to confiscate such ships as came and
traded hither without any commission, and thereby brought
contempt on the country and its government, than to affront
a patroon who hazarded so much for his colonists and New
Netherland. He finally maintained that the powder which
he had on board was for the ship's use and for the defence of
Rensselaers-Stein, or Castle Rensselaer, as the fortification
on Beeren Island was called. This plea profited nothing.
The powder was not mentioned in the manifest, and the ex-
planation which was offered was merely used as "a cloak" to
cover the ^real design. " It is far from us," concluded the
attorney-g'eneral, " to insult the patroon. On the contrary, we
are willing to aid him in promoting the welfare of his colonie.
But it is you who are endeavoring to frustrate his noble plans,
by associating exclusively with private traders, and striving

82 Colony of Rensselaer swyck.

to take them witli you to the colonie in direct opposition
to the commands of the patroon, who hath sent out his ship
to keep free traders from that place. If your conduct is
just, free merchants can not be prevented trading thither, and
they will be justified in so doing. I deny that any damage
whatever has been done. Are you of a contrary opinion ?
Cite me before any court of justice, whenever you please.^'

Arendt van Curler, finding that no satisfactory issue was
to be expected from this litigation, finally proposed that the
ship should be released, and the whole case referred to the
Directors in Holland for their decision. As the vessel was
suffering considerable injury from detention this proposal
was acceded to " so that the patroon should have no reason
to complain," on the express condition, however, that no
goods should be landed from the vessel until permission was
obtained from the company, and that such articles as were
already seized by the attorney-general should remain confis-
cated, as they had not been included in the invoice. The
vessel sailed soon after for Holland, whither Van Curler also
proceeded to give an account of his stewardship.

In the mean time Nicolaus Coorn, " Wacht Meester''
or commander in the service of the patroon, had completed
his fort on Beeren Island, on which he mounted a number
of cannon, sufficient not only for its defence, but for the com-
plete command of the river. A claim to " staple right " was
then boldly set up ; a toll of five guilders, or two dollars, im-
posed on every trading-craft passing up or down, which
were also obliged to lower their colors in honor of Rensselaers-
Stein. And thus a sovereign jurisdiction was asserted over
this navigable highvy-ay against all persons, save and except
the servants of the West India Company.

It was in the summer of 1644, that the yacht the Good
Hope, of which Covert Lookermans was master, sailed from
Fort Orange for New Amsterdam. Passing Beeren Island,
the craft was hailed, and peremptorily ordered " to lower his
colors.'' On being asked for whom, the commander replied,
" For the staple right of Bensselaerswyck." But the skipper
refused, with an oath, to strike his flag '' for any individual
save the Prince of Orange and the Lords his masters;"
whereupon Coorn fired several shots at the vessel, one of
which, says the record, " perforated our princely flag," about

Colony of Bensselaerswych 33

a foot above the head of the skipper, " who kept the colors
constantly in his hand,"

Such an outrage as this could not fail to create excitement
in New Amsterdam, when the particulars became known.
Philip de Truy, " marshal of New Netherland," summoned
Coorn to appear immediately at the Fort to answer for his
conduct. The latter pleaded the authority of his patroon.
But this was considered no justification. He was condemned
in damages, and forbidden to repeat the offence on pain of
corporal punishment. He was further required to obtain
Van Rensselaer's approval of the sentence, which should be
executed on him without fail, if that approval were not
forthcoming. This proceeding was followed soon after by a
strong protest from attorney-general Van der Huygens,
against the establishment on Beeren Island, which was
declared to be inconsistent with the privileges granted to
patroons and lords of manors. No patroon, it was main-
tained, could extend this colony, by the fifth article of the
charter, more than four miles along one bank, or two miles
on both sides of the river, while Beeren Island was more
than two miles' from the limits of the colonie. The bold
attempt to construct a fort there, to command the river, and
to debar Fort Orange from free navigation, would, it was
added, be ruinous to the company ; it was therefore peremp-
torily ordered that no building whatsoever, much less a
fortification, should be constructed beyond the limits of
Rensselaerswyck, and Coorn was formally threatened with
further prosecution should he persist in his lawless trans-
actions.

But Nicolaus Coorn, commander of Bensselaers-Stein, was
not to be intimidated by the paper bullets of director Kieft's
attorney-general. " As the vice commander of the honor-
able Van Rensselaers," he replied, " I call on you, Cornells
van der Huygens, attorney-general of New Netherland not
to presume to oppose and frustrate my designs on Bear's
Island ; to defraud me in any manner, or to cause me any
trouble, as it has been the will of their High Mightinesses,
the States General, and the privileged West India Company,
to invest any patroon and his heir with the right to extend and
fortify his colonie, and make it powerful in every respect, . .
If you persist in so doing I protest against the

^34 Colony of Rensselaer swych

act of violence and assault committed by the honorable, Lords
majors, which I leave them to settle, while this undertaking
has nothing else in view than to prevent the canker of free
traders entering his colonic."

In the spirit in which this protest was drafted, were the
feudal pretensions of the lord of Rensselaerswyck asserted
and maintained, notwithstanding the conviction of Coorn and
a warning of Van der Hujgens, during the remainder of the
_patroon's life. The same policy was steadily continued by
his executors for several years after his death, which event
took place in Amsterdam, in the year 1646.

With the demise of the first patroon terminated, also, Van-
der Donck's connection with the colonic. He was succeeded
in his office of fiscaal by Nicolaus Coorn. He did not, how-
ever, quit Rensselaerswyck before experiencing a heavy loss
in the destruction of his house on Castle Island by fire, in
consequence of which he and his wife temporarily removed
to Van Curler's residence, the hospitalities of which were
generously offered to him by its proprietor. Differences of
opinion now arose between him and Van Curler, as to the
party on whom the loss of the house should fall ; one maintain-
ing that the property was at the risk of the patroon; the other,
of the lessee, a quarrel ensued. Van der Don ck gave Van
Curler the lie, whereupon the latter ordered him out of his
house. Van der Donck removed immediately to Fort Orange,
where he remained until the opening of the navigation, when
he proceeded to the Manhattans. In the mean time, his
claims were referred for adjustment to the proprietors in
Holland.

The winter which had just terminated, was remarkably long
and severe. The North River closed at Rensselaerswyck, on
the 24th November, and remained frozen some four months.
A very high freshet, unequaled since 1639, followed, which
destroyed a number of horses in their stables ; nearly carried
away the fort, and inflicted considerable other damage in the
colonic. " A certain fish of considerable size, snow-white in
color, round in the body, and blowing water out of its head,"
made at the same time his appearance, stemming the impe-
tuous flood. What it portended, " God the Lord only knew."
All the inhabitants were lost in woader, for " at the same
instant that this fish appeared to us, we had the first thunder

Colony of Rensselaersioyck. 35

and lightning this year/' The public astonishment had
scarcely subsided, when another monster of the deep, esti-
mated at forty feet in length, was seen, of a brown color,
having fins on his back, and ejecting water in a like manner,
high in the air. Some seafaring people, " who had been to
Greenland, " now pronounced the strange visitor a whale.
Intelligence was shortly after received that it had grounded
on an island at the mouth of the Mohawk, and the people
turned out in numbers to secure the prize, which was forth-
with subjected to the process of roasting, in order to extract
its oil. Though large quantities were obtained, yet so great
was the mass of blubber, the river was covered with grease
for three weeks afterwards, and the air infected to such a
degree with the stench, as the fish lay rotting on the strand,
that the smell was perceptibly offensive for two (Dutch) miles
to leeward. The whale, which had first ascended the river,
stranded, on his return to sea, on an island some forty miles
from the mouth of the river, near which place four others
grounded, also, this year.

The greater number of the houses around forts Amsterdam
and Orange were, in those days, low-sized wooden buildings,
with roofs of reed or straw, and chimneys of wood. Wind
or water mills were erected, here and there, to grind corn,
or to saw lumber. One of the latter, situate on Nut or Go-
vernor's island, was leased in 1639 for five hundred mer-
chantable boards yearly, half oak and half pine. Saw and
grist mills were built on several of the creeks in the colonic
of Rensselaerswyck, where a liorse mill was also erected in
1646, of which the following is a contract, dated Jan. 31.
" The mill situate on the fifth kill being-, to the great damag;e
of the patroon, and inhabitants of the colonic, [Rensselaers-
wyck], for a considerable time out of repair, or unfit to be
worked, either by the breaking of the dam, the severity of
the winter, or the high water, or otherwise; besides being out
of the way, to the prejudice of the inhabitants in going and
returning, a contract, after being duly proposed to the court,
is therefore made with Pieter Cornelissen to build a horse-
mill in the Pine grove, whereby not only the colonic, but
also, if so be, the navigators who come hither, may be
encouraged to provide themselves with other things. Pieter
Cornelisz. shall complete the work for fl. 300, ($120,) I fur-

36 Colony of Rensselaer swych

nishing him fl. 200 in stones, two good horses, the expense
of which is to be divided between us, half and half. The
standing-work, plank, labor, and other expenses, we shall de-
fray in common, bearing, each, equal profit and loss. On
the completion of the mill, and on its being ready to go,
Pieter Cornelissen shall work one day for himself and the
other day for the patroon,and so forth; the patroon paying him
one Rix dollar for his day. Should it happen, as we expect,
that so great a demand shall arise, so that the mill will not
supply all the colonic or strangers, (buytenwoonders,) then
P. Cornelisz, is alone authorized and privileged to erect, in
company with the patroon, another such mill, on these or
such other conditions as are now, or shall hereafter be agreed
on. Signed, Anthony de Hooges, Pieter Cornelis-
sen."— Rensselaerswyck MSS.) A mill worked by horses
stood, the course of the last century, as I am informed by
an aged citizen, on the lot forming the northeast corner of
Hudson and Grrand streets, Albany. There was a mill also
on the 3d or llutten kill in 1646.

A Brewery had been constructed previous to 1637 in the
same quarter, by the patroon, with the exclusive right of
supplying retail dealers with beer. But private individuals
were allowed the privilege, notwithstanding, to brew what-
ever quantity of beer they might require for consumption
within their own families. ^

Rensselaerswyck was the only colonic which remained un-
injured by the war. As a consequence its population

^ 26 Dec. 1646. Whereas their Honors of the Court of this Colonie
find tliat Cornelis Segersz, notwithstanding fonner placards and
prohibitions, has still presumed to meddle with what is not his
business — Avith beer brewing — directly contrary to the grant and
authorization given to the brewery of this colonie ; Therefore their
honors expressly forbid the said Cornelis Segersz, to brew, or caused
to be brewed, or other^vise to manufacture any beer, except so much
as shall be required by him for his own housekeeping, on pain of
forfeiting twenty five Carolus guilders, besides the brewed beer.
The said Cornelis Segersz, is further warned that no cloak, or idle
excuse shall hereafter avail, but that this ordinance shall be main-
tained and executed on the spot, without court process, if he shall
make any mistake. Let him, therefore, prevent his loss. Actum.
Rensselaerswyck, 26th October 1646. Pursuant to the resolution
of their honors the magistrates of this colonie.

A. DE Hooges.

KiUaen Van Rensselaer, 87

generally prospered, and sundry farms were taken up.
Beaverswyck continued, however, in swaddling clothes, for
the city which in 1845 holds over forty thousand inhabitants,
contained in 1646 no more than ten houses. Several farmers
had at an early date begun another settlement south of
Beaverswyck, to which they gave the name of Bethlehem.
A few bouweries were also cultivated on the east side of the
river opposite Fort Orange. Katskill and its fertile bottoms
had engaged at an early date the attention of the settlers at
Bensselaerswyck, but the pretensions of opposite parties pre-
vented any planting of consequence in that quarter, and Van
Slyck, who had received a patent for lands there, had as yet
made no commencement. The country between Rensselaers-
wyck and the Manhattans, on both sides of the river, still
remained a wilderness. It is true that the Dutch had built
a fort at Esopus, in the year 1614, contemporaneously with
the erection of their post on Castle island. This possibly
might have been followed by the clearing of some small por-
tions of land in that vicinity, but it is very doubtful whether
any such settlements survived the destructive war of 1644—5.
Such was the state of the public affairs when General Petrus
Stuyvesant assumed the government of New Netherland.

KILIAEN VAN RENSSELAER,

Merchant of Amsterdam, director of the West India Com-
pany, and one of the first patroons of New Netherland, was
the thirteenth descendant in a direct line from Henry
"Wolters van Rensselaer. He married, firstly, Hellegonda
van By let, by whom he had one son, Johannes who after-
wards married his cousin, Elizabeth van Twiller. Kiliaen
van Rensselaer married, secondly, in 1627, Anna van Wely,
daughter of Joannes van Wely, merchant of Amsterdam, by
whom he had four daughters and four sons, namely : 1,
Maria; 2, Jeremias (who married Maria, daughter of Oloff
Stevensen van Cortland); 3, Hellegonda; 4, Jan Baptiste
(who married Susan van Wely); 5, Eleonora; 6, Susan

4

38 Kiliaen Van Rensselaer.

(who married Jan de la Court) ; 7, Nicolaus (who married
Alida Schuyler) ; 8, Kickert (who married Anna van Beau-
mont) ; Kiliaen van Rensselaer's sister (Maria), married
Rykert van Twiller, and thus it is presumed the relationship
originated between Wouter van Twiller, second director-
general of New Netherland, and the first patroon of
Eensselaerswyck. Of the above children, Maria and Helle-
gonda died unmarried. Johannes succeeded his father as
patroon, and Jeremias, Jan Baptiste and Ryckert were, in
succession, directors of "the colonic.'' Nicolaus was a clergy-
man of the Dutch Reformed Church. On being introduced
to Charles II, then in exile at Brussels, he prophesied the
restoration of that monarch to the throne of England, which
circumstance obtained for him afterwards a cordial reception
at the Court of St. James, when he visited London as chap-
lain to the Dutch embassy. In acknowledgment of the
truth of the prediction, the king presented him with a snufi"-
box, on the lid of which was set his Majesty's miniature.
This royal relic is still in the possession of the Van Rens-
selaer family at Albany.

xVlde. Anna van Rensselaer died in Amsterdam on the 12th
June, 1670, after a sickness of seven weeks, having survived
her husband twenty four years. Intelligence of her death,
communicated by the following letter, was received in this
country by her sons, Jeremias and Ryckert, on the 18th
Sept., 1670 :

"Amsterdam, 12th June, 1670.

" Dear Brothers — On the 9th inst. I communicated to
you, among other things, per ship Duke of York, Johannes
Luyck, skipper, the low condition of our beloved mother,
who accompanied me home, sick, from Cralo to Amsterdam,
on the first of April. After lying so long, without any
strong fever, or any great pain, troubled only with asthma,
accompanied by considerable cough and phlegm, and the
sprue, she took her departure with great piety from the
Church Militant here, to the Church Triumphant above, on
the 12th inst., being this day, about one hour after noon, in
the presence of all our sisters and brothers who are in this
country, and that with a full understanding and trust in the
mercy of God, the merits of her and our Saviour Jesus Christ,
which, through the grace of the Holy Ghost and belief in the

Executors of Jeremias Van Rensselaer^ etc. 39

Triune God, so strengthened her, that all her wishes were to
be set free and to be with Christ, who hath taken her so
mercifully to himself, that we all, thouf>;h afflicted children
can not be sufficiently thankful to God for so gentle and holy
a death. Her body will be committed to the earth in a
Christian manner, as in duty bound, on Tuesday next, being
the 17th inst. There is no doubt of a stately funeral. May
the good God grant her, and us with her, a joyous resurrec-
tion at the last day. Amen." — 0^ Callaghan' s History N.
Netherlands i, 122,'

EXECUTORS OF JEREMIAS VAN RENSSELAER.

On the death of Jeremias van Rensselaer, in 1675, the
affairs of the colonic of Rensselaerswyck were administered
conjointly, during the minority of Killiaen van Rensselaer
(then twelve years old,) by the Rev. Nicolaus van Rens-
selaer, Mde. Maria van Rensselaer, and Stephanus van
Cortlandt. Nicolaus had the directorship of the colonic;
Mde. van Rensselaer was the treasurer ; and Stephanus van
Cortlandt had the charge of the books. Four hundred
schepels of wheat were appropriated to defray the yearly
expenses of this adminstration, of which Dom. Nicolaus
(who then officiated as second clergyman in Albany,) re-
ceived one half. The remainder was divided between
Mde. van Rensselaer and her brother. Dom. Nicolaus*
dying in 1679, the chief management of the minor's affairs
devolved on his mother and uncle. — 0' Callaghan.

SENTENCE OF BANISHMENT, 1644.

The following is a translation of a sentence of banishment
pronounced on one of the colonists at this early period of its
history :

" By the Presidentand Council of the Colonic of Rensselaers-
wyck. Having heard the free confession of Adriaen Willem-

40 Arent Van Curler.

sen, at present in confinement, to wit : — That he on Saturday
last, the 6th of Aug., at the house of the Patroon, where
the Commissary-general, Arendt van Curler, resides, climb-
ing in through the window of said house, stole seven beavers,
and at noon of the following Monday, eight beavers and one
drieling [third of a skin], also that on Saturday aforesaid
he had stolen from the cellar of the said house a half [skin]
which remained. And having, moreover, examined the de-
mand of the prosecutor against the aforesaid delinquent,
observing what appertains thereto ; we have hereby ordered
and adjudged, and do order and adjudge, that the said
delinquent shall be taken to the public place where justice
is executed, and there be ignominiously tied to a post for the
space of two hours, with some of the stolen property on
his head ; after which he shall prostrate himself at the feet of
the Worshipful Magistrates (de Edele Heeren van den
Gerechte,) and beg of God and justice for forgiveness; that
he, moreover, shall be henceforward and forever, banished
out of this colonic, and never more return thereto. Done
in Collegio, this 13th day of August, anno 1644 By order
of their Worships the President and Council of this Colonie
of Rensselaerswyck. Arendt van Curler." — 0' Cal-
laghan's Hist. iV. Netherlands i, 320.

ARENT VAN CURLER.

Arent van Curler was one of those characters who deserve
to live in history. His influence among the Indians was
unlimited, and in honor of his memory, these tribes ad-
dressed all succeeding governors of New York by the name
of Corker. He possessed feelings of the purest humanity,
and actively exerted his influence in rescuing from the
savages such Christians as had the misfortune to fall into their
hands of whose danger he might receive timely notice. On
his marriage with Antonia Slaghboom, the widow of Jonas
Bronck, he visited Holland, and on his return moved to the
Flatts above Albany, where he had a farm. He was pro-
prietor of a brewery in Beverwyck, in 1661. Being a cousin

Arent Van Curler. 41

of the Van Rensselaers, he had considerable influence in the
colonie, where he was a magistrate to the time of his decease.
He was one of the leaders in the settlement of Schenectady
in 1661-2; and on the surrender of New Netherland, was
specially sent for by Governor Nicoll, to be consulted on
Indian affairs and the interests of the country generally.
He was highly respected by the governors of Canada, and
the regard entertained for him by M de Tracy, viceroy of
that country, will be best judged of by the following extract
of a letter which that high personage addressed him, dated
Quebec, 80th April, 1667:

" If you find it agreeable to come hither this summer, as
you have caused me to hope, you will be most welcome, and
entertained to the utmost of my ability, as I have a great
esteem for you, though 1 have not a personal acquaintance
with you. Believe this truth, and that I am, sir, your
affectionate and assured servant. Tracy."

Having accepted this invitation, Mr. Van Curler prepared
for his journey. Gov. Nicoll furnished him with a letter to
the viceroy. It bears date May 20th, 1667, and states that
"Mons'r Curler hath been importuned by divers of his
friends at Quebec to give them a visit, and being ambitious
to kiss your hands, he hath entreated my pass and liberty to
conduct a young gentleman, M. Fontaine, who unfortuoately
fell into the barbarous hands of his enemies, and by means
of Mons'r Curler obtained his liberty." On the 4th of July
following, Jeremias van Rensselaer, writing to Holland,
announces, that " our cousin Arendt van Curler proceeds
overland to Canada, having obtained leave from our general,
and been invited thither by the viceroy, M. de Tracy." In
an evil hour he embarked on board a frail canoe to cross
Lake Champlain, and having been overtaken by a storm, was
drowned, I believe, near Split-Rock. In his death this
country experienced a public loss, and the French of Canada
a warm and efficient friend. — 0' Callagliaii' s Hist. N. Nether-
land, I, 322.

42 Codireciors of Eensselaerswyck, 1 630.

CODIRECTORS OF RENSSELAERSWYCK, 1630.

The copartnership consisted of Kiliaen van Rensselaer,
Samual Godjn, Johannes De Laet and Samuel Bloemmaert,
with whom were associated Adam Bissels and Toussaint
Moussart. The contract and the articles of agreement are
referred to in the judgment of the Court of Holland, dated
14th June, 1650, in re Bloemmart et al vs. Van Twiller et
al., which judgment was ratified by the States General on
the same day. (Hoi. Doc. v. 298. Alb. Rec. viii, 72, 73.
Rensselaerswyck MSS.) It has been maintained, by some,
that there was no partnership interest in the colonic of
Rensselaerswyck, and that the claim of Bloemmaert, DeLaet,
and the other partners was not allowed. But the judgment
here referred to shows that such an assertion is contrary to
the fact. The suit was decided in favor of Bloemmaert and
his associates, and the executors of the first patroon were
condemned to account for the rents and profits, and to pay
to each of the partners, or their heirs, their just quota.
The partnership is, moreover, plainly admitted in the account
of the disbursements for the first venture to Rensselaerswyck,
anno 1630, wherein the sums advanced by the other codirectors
are admitted and acknowledged. Ample evidence of the
fact will be further found by reference to the Rensselaerswyck
M8S., and to Holland Documents, vi, 303, 304, 306. De Vries
also mentions the circumstance. Subsequently, however, Jo-
hanna de Laet, widow of Johannes de Hulter, and who
married, secondly, Jeremias Ebbing, sold to the Van Rens-
sclaers^ in the year 1674, all her right and claim, as heiress
of Johannes de Laet, to the colonic of Rensselaerswyck, for
the sura of fl. 5,762 lOst. or 82,301, which debt was dis-
charged by the transfer to her of certain bouweries and
lands which were deemed an equivalent. This lady was
proprietor, among other tracts of the Weyland, or pasture,
lying between the third and fourth kills, now called, in the
map of the city of Albany, Rutten and Fox creeks. On the
20th of April, 1685, Gerrit Bissels and Nicolaus van Beeck
(nomine uxorie,) both representing the children and heirs

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749. 43

of Adam Bissels and Margt. Reust, entitled to one tenth part;
and as attorneys for Abrahani Elsevier (husband of Catharina
Bloemmaert) and Isbrand Schenk, Constantina Bloemmaert
(widow of Isaac Sweers, in his lifetime, vice-admiral in the
service of Holland,) and Juffrouw Anna Bloemmaert (widow
of Francois Eomayn,) children and heirs of Samuel Bloem-
maert and Catharine Reust, conjointly entitled to one tenth
part of the colonie of Rensselaerswyck, sold, in Amsterdam, to
Richard and Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Pabroon of said colonie,
their respective shares, being two tenths, or one fifth of the
whole, for gl. 3,600, payable in three equal yearly parts.
Thus all claims on the part of the original partners, to any
portion of the colonie, became finally extinguished ; and that
estate vested altogether and exclusively in the Van Rensselaer
family. — 0' Callayhan^ s Hist, of N. N^etherland, l, 127.

VISIT OF PETER KALM TO ALBANY, 1749.

The project of a scientific expedition to our shores, was
suggested to the University of (Jpsala by Linnaeus; who
desired that the North American provinces should be ex-
plored for the purpose of making such observations and
collections of seeds and plants, as would improve the hus-
bandry, horticulture, manufactures, arts and sciences of his
country. Accordingly Prof. Kalm, a naturalist of one of
the Swedish universities, was selected, who left Upsala on
the 16th of October, 1747; spent six months in England,
and arrived at Philadelphia, September 26th, 1748. He
traversed much of the country from Pennsylvania to Canada,
and returned to Sweden in 1751, arriving at the place of his
destination on the 13th of June. He prosecuted his researches
with the industry and perseverance of a true friend of science,
spending not only the salary and outfit provided by his friends,
but so much of his little fortune, that on his return he found
himself under the necessity of retrenching, so as to live on a
very small pittance. He afterwards resumed his place of
professor at Aobo, where, in a small garden of his own, he
cultivated and experimented upon many hundred American

44 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749.

plants, there being no garden connected with the University.
It was in honor of him that the beautiful kalmia received
its name, which is still cultivated in European gardens as an
ornamental shrub. Our traveler is more than once rather
plain and unreserved in his remarks upon the character and
manners of the people of Albany, as they were seen by, or
represented to, htm. The charge, so often reiterated since
his time, of habitual dishonesty in traffic with the Indians,
is very bluntly made, although he admits of honorable excep-
tions to the general rule. We give the old traveler's own
version of what he saw and heard, without attempting to
smooth any of the asperities of his remarks, which seem to
have been made with honesty of purpose. His account is
valuable, as representing the condition of the country at that
time.

June the 10th. At noon we left New York, and sailed up
the River Hudson, in a yacht bound for Albany. All this
afternoon we saw a whole fleet of little boats returning from
New York, whither they had brought provisions and other
goods for sale, which, on account of the extensive commerce
of this town, and the great number of its inhabitants, go off
very well. About twelve miles from New York we saw
sturgeons (Acipenser sturio), leaping up out of the water,
and on the whole passage we met with porpesses in the river.
As we proceeded we found the eastern banks of the river
very much cultivated j and a number of pretty farms, sur-
rounded with orchards .and corn fields, presented themselves
to our view. After sailing a little while in the night, we
cast our anchor and lay by till the morning, especially as the
tide was ebbing with great force.

June the 11th. This morning we continued our voyage
up the river, with the tide and a faint breeze. We passed
the Highland mountains, which consist of a grey sandstone,
and are covered with deciduous trees together with firs and
red cedars. The country was unfit for cultivation, being so
full of rocks, and accordingly we saw no farms The wind
vanished away about ten o'clock in the morning, and forced
us to get forward with our oars, the tide being almost spent.
In one place on the western shore we saw a wooden house
painted red, and we were told that there was a saw mill
further up ; but besides this, we did not perceive one farm

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749. 45

or any cultivated grounds all this forenoon. We now per-
ceived excessive high and steep mountains on both sides of
the river, which echoed back each sound we uttered ; yet not^
withstanding they were so high and steep, they were covered
with small trees. The last of the high western mountains
is called Butterhill, after which the country between the
mountains grows more spacious : the farms t)ecame very nu-
merous, and we had a prospect of many corn-fields between the
hills. Whilst we waited for the return of tide and the change
of wind, we went ou shore. The sassafras tree (Laurus sas-
safras) and the chestnut-tree grow here in great abundance.
I found the tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) in some parts
of the wood, as likewise the Kalmia latifolia, which was now
in full blossom, though the flowers were already withering.
Some time after noon the wind arose from south-west, which
being a fair wind, we weighed anchor and continued our voy-
age. We passed by a little neck of land, which projected on
the western side in the river, and was called Dance. The
name of this place is said to derive its origin from a festival
which the Dutch celebrated here in former times, at which
they danced and diverted themselves; but once there came
a number of [ndians, who killed them all. We cast anchor
late at night, because the wind ceased and the tide was ebb-
ing. The fireflies passed the river in numbers at night,
and sometimes settled upon the rigging.

June the 12th. This morning we proceeded with the tide,
but against the wind. The country here in general is low
on both sides of the river, consisting of low rocks and stony
fields, which, however, are covered with woods. The land
is so rocky, stony and poor, that nobody can settle on it op
inhabit it, there being no spot fit for a corn-field, and for the
space of some miles we never perceived one settlement. x\t
eleven o'clock this morning we came to a small island which
lies in the middle of the river, and is said to be half way
between New-York and Albany. Towards noon it was quite
calm, and we went on very slow. Here the land is well
cultivated, and full of great corn-fields, especially on the
eastern shore. To the west, also, we saw several cultivated
places. The Blue mountains are very plainly to be seen here,
appearing through the clouds, and towering above all other
mountains. The people here make use of a yellow Agaricus,

46 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749.

or mushroom, whicli grows on maple trees, for tinder : that
which is found on the red flowering maple (Acerrubrum)
is reckoned the best ; and the next in goodness is that of the
sugar maple (Acer saccharinum), which is sometimes con-
sidered equal to the former. At two in the afternoon the
wind began to blow from the south, which enabled us to
proceed. The country on the eastern side is high, and con-
sists of a well cultivated soil. We had fine cornfields, pretty
farms, and good orchards in view. The western shore is
likewise somewhat high, but still covered with woods; and we
now and then, though seldom, saw one or two little settle-
ments.

June the 13th. The wind favored our voyage during the
whole night, so that I had no opportunity of observing the
nature of the country. This morning, at five o'clock, we
were but nine English miles from Albany. The country on
Both sides the river is low, and covered with woods, excepting
a few little scattered settlements. Under the high shores of
the river are wet meadows covered with sword-grass (Carex),
and they formed several little islands. We saw no mountains,
and hastened towards Albany. The land on both sides of the
river is chiefly low, and more carefully cultivated as we came
nearer to Albany. As to the houses which we saw, some
were of wood, others of stone. The river is seldom above a
musket-shot broad, and in several parts of it are sands, which
require great experience for governing the yachts. At eight
o'clock in the morning, we arrived at Albany.

All the yachts which ply between Albany and New York,
belong to Albany. They go up and down the River Hudson,
as long as it is open and free from ice. They bring from
Albany boards or planks, and all sorts of timber, flour, pease,
and furs, which they get from the Indians, or which are smug-
gled from the French. They come home almost empty, and
only bring a few merchandises with them, among which rum
is the chief. This last is absolutely necessary to the inhabit-
ants of Albany : they cheat the Indians in the fur trade with
it ; for when the Indians are drunk, they will leave it to the
Albanians to fix the price of the furs. The yachts are pretty
large, and have a good cabin, in which the passengers can be
very commodiously lodged. They are commonly built of red
cedar, or of white oak. Frequently the bottom consists of

\

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749. 47

white oak, and the sides of red cedar, because the latter with-
stands putrefaction much longer than the former. The red
cedar is likewise apt to split, when it hits against any thing ;
and the River Hudson is in many parts full of sands and
rocks, against which the keel of the yacht sometimes hits:
therefore they choose white oak for the bottom, as being the
harder wood, and not splitting so easily; and the bottom
being continually under water, is not so much exposed to
putrefaction, and holds out longer.

The canoes which the yachts have along with them, are
made of a single piece of wood, hollowed out : they are sharp
on both ends, frequently three or four fathoms long, and as
broad as the thickness of the wood will allow. The people
in it do not row sitting, but commonly a fellow stands at each
end, with a short oar in his hand, with which he governs and
brings the canoe forwards. Those which are made here at
Albany, are commonly of the white pine : they can do service
for eight or twelve years, especially if they be tarred and
painted. At Albany they make them of the white pine, since
there is no other wood fit for them : at New York they are
made of the tulip-tree, and in other parts they are made of
red or white cedars ; but both these trees are so small, in the
neighborhood of Albany, that they are unfit for canoes. There
are no seats in the canoes ; for if they had any, they would
be more liable to be overset, as one could not keep the equi-
librium so well.

Battoes are another kind of boats, which are much in use
at Albany. They are made of boards of white pine. The
bottom is flat, that they may row the better in shallow water :
they are sharp at both ends, and somewhat higher towards
the end than in the middle. They have seats in them, and
are rowed as common boats. They are long, yet not all alike ;
commonly three, and sometimes four fathoms long. The
height from the bottom to the top of the board (for the sides
stand almost perpendicular) is from twenty inches to two feet,
and the breadth in the middle about a yard and six inches.
They are chiefly made use of for carrying goods, by means
of the rivers, to the Indians ; that is, when those rivers are
open enough for the battoes to pass through, and when they
need not be carried by land a great way. The boats made
of the bark of trees break easily by knocking against a stone,

48 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749.

and the canoes cannot carry a great cargo, and are easily
overset; the battoes are therefore preferable to them both.
I saw no boats here like those of Sweden and other parts of
Europe.

The frost does frequently a great deal of damage at Albany.
There is hardly a month in summer, during which a frost
does not happen. The spring comes very late ; and in April
and May are numerous cold nights, which frequently kill the
flowers of trees and kitchen herbs. It was feared that the blos-
soms of the apple trees had been so severely damaged by the
frost last May, that next autumn there would be but very few
apples. The oak blossoms are very often killed by the frost
in the woods. The autumn here is of long continuance, with
warm days and nights. However, the cold nights commonly
commence towards the end of September, and are frequent
in October. The people are forced to keep their cattle in
stables from the middle of November till March or April, and
must find them hay during that time.

During summer the wind blows commonJy from the south,
and brings a great drought along with it. Sometimes it rains
a little ; and as soon as it has rained, the wind veers to north-
west, blowing for several days from that point, and then
returning to the south. I have had frequent opportunities
of seeing this change of wind happen very exactly, both this
year and the following.

June the 15th. The enclosures were made of boards of
fir-wood, of which there is abundance in the extensive woods,
and many saw mills to cut into boards.

The several sorts of apple trees grow very well here, and
bear as fine fruit as in any other part of North America,
Each farm has a large orchard. They have some apples here
which are very large and very palatable : they are sent to
New York, and other places, as a rarity. They make excel-
lent cider, in autumn, in the country round Albany. All the
kinds of cherry trees, which have been planted here, succeed
very well.

Pear trees do not succeed here. This was complained of
in many other parts of North America. But I fear that they
do not take sufficient care in the management and planting
of them ; for I have seen fine pears in several parts of North
America.

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749. 49

Peach trees have often been planted here, and never would
succeed well. This was attributed to a worm which lives in
the ground, and eats through the root, so that the tree dies.
Perhaps the severity of the winter contributes much to it.

_ They plant no other fruit trees at Albany, besides these I
have mentioned.

They sow as much hemp and flax here, as they want for
home consumption.

They sow maize in great abundance ; a loose soil is rec-
koned the best for this purpose, for it will not grow in clay.
From half a bushel they reap a hundred bushels. They
reckon maize a very good kind of corn, because the shoot
recovers after being hurt by the frost. They have had
examples here of the shoots dying twice in spring, to the very
ground ; and yet they shot up again afterwards, and aiForded ,
an excellent crop. Maize has likewise the advantage of stand-
ing much longer against a drought, than wheat. The larger .
sort of maize which is commonly sown here, ripens in Sep-
tember.

They sow wheat in the neighborhood of Albany, with great"
advantage. From one bushel they get twelve sometimes :
if the soil be good, they get twenty bushels. If their crop
amounts only to ten bushels from one, they think it very
trifling. The inhabitants of the country round Albany are
Dutch and Gr^rmans. The Germans live in several great ,
villages, and sow great quantities of wheat, which is brought
to Albany : and from thence they send many yachts laden
with flour to New York. The wheat flour from Albany is
reckoned the best in all North America, except that from'',
Sopus or Kingston, a place between Albany and New York.
All the bread in Albany is made of wheat. At New York
they pay the Albany flour with several shillings more per
hundred weight, than that from other places.

Rye is likewise sown here, but not so generally as wheat.

They do not sow much barley here, because they do not
reckon the profits very great. Wheat is so plentiful that
they make malt of it. In the neighborhood of New York, I
saw great fields sown with barley.

They do not sow more oats than are necessary for their
horses.

5

50 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749.

The Dutch and Germans who live hereabouts, sow pease in
great abundance : they succeed very well, and are annually
carried to New York in great quantities. They have been
free from insects for a considerable time ', but of late years the
same beetles which destroy the pease in Pennsylvania, New-
Jersey and the lower parts of the province of New York, have
likewise appeared abundant among the pease here. It is a
real loss to this town, and to the other parts of North America,
which used to get pease from hence for their own consumption
and that of their sailors. It had been found that if they
.procured good pease from Albany, and sowed them near
Kingston or the lower part of the province of New York,
they succeeded very well the first year, but were so full of
' worms the second and following years that nobody could or
would eat them. Some people put ashes into the pot, among
the pease, when they will not boil or soften well ; but whether
this is wholesome and agreeable to the palate, I do not know.

Potatoes are generally planted. Some people preferred
ashes to sand for keeping them in during winter. The Ber-
jnuda potatoes (Convolvulus batatas) have likewise been
planted here, and succeed pretty well. The greatest diflSculty
js to keep them during winter ] for they generally rot in that
.season.

The humming bird (Trochilus colubris) comes to this place
sometimes, but is rather a scarce bird.

The shingles with which the houses are covered are made
.'of the white pine, which is reckoned as good and as durable,
and sometimes better, than the white cedar (Oupressus thyoi-
des). The white pine is found abundant here, in such places
where common pines grow in Europe. I have never seen
them in the lower parts of the province of New York, nor in
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. They saw a vast quantity of
deal from the white pine on this side of Albany, which are
brought down to New York, and from thence exported.

The woods abound with vines, which likewise grow on
the steep banks of the river in surprising quantities. They
climbed to the tops of trees on the bank, and bent them by
their weight ; but where they found no trees, they hung down
along the steep shores, and covered them entirely. The
grapes are eaten after the frost has attacked them ; for they
are too sour before : they are not much used any other way.

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749. 51

The vast woods and uninhabited grounds between Albany
and Canada contain immense swarms of gnats, which annoy
the travelers. To be in some measure secured against these
insects, some besmear their face with butter or grease ; for
the gnats do not like to settle on greasy places The gre it
heat makes boots very uneasy; but to prevent the gnats from
stinging the legs, they wrap some paper round them, under
the stockings. Some travelers wear caps which cover the
whole face, and have some gauze before the eyes. At night
they lie in tents if they can carry any with them ; and make
a great fire at the entrance, by the smoke of which the
gnats are driven away.

The porpesses seldom go higher up the river Hudson, than
the salt water goes ; after that, the sturgeons fill their place.
It has, however, sometimes happened that porpesses have
gone quite up to Albany. There is a report that a whale
once came up the river quite to this town.

The fire flies ( Lampyris) which are the same that are so com-
mon in Pennsylvania during summer, are seen here in abund-
ance every night. They fly up and down in the streets of this
town. They come into the houses if the doors and windows
are open.

Several of the Pennsylvanian trees are not to be met with
in these woods, viz : Magnolia glauca, the beaver-tree; Nyss
aquatica, the Tupelo-tree ; Liquidanbar styraciflua, the Sweet
gum tree ; Diospyros virginiana, the Persimon ; Liriodendron
tulipifera, the tulip tree ; Juglans nigra, the black walnut

tree ; Quercus , the Swamp Oak ; Cercis canadensis, the

Salad-tree; Robinia pseudacacia, the Locusttree ; Gleditsia
triacanthos, the Honey-locust tree; Annona muricata, the
Papaw tree; Celtis occidentalis, the Nettle-tree; and a num-
ber of shrubs, which are never found here. The more north-
erly situation of the place, the height of the Blue mountains,
and the course of the rivers, which flow here southward into
the sea, and accordingly carry the seeds of plants from north
to south, and not the contrary way, are chiefly the causes
that several plants which grow in Pennsylvania can not be
found here.

This afternoon I went to see an island which lies in the
middle of the river, about a mile below the town. This
island is an English mile long, and not above a quarter of a

52 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749.

mile broad. It is almost entirely turned into corn fields; and
is inhabited by a sing-le planter, who besides possessing this
island, is the owner of two more. Here we saw no woods, ex-
cept a few trees which were left round the island on the shore,
and formed as it were a tall and great hedge. The Red Maple
(Acer rubrum) grows in abundance in several places. Its
leaves are white or silvery on the under sides, and, when agi-
tated by the wind, they make the tree appear as if it was full
of white flowers, the Water-beech (Platanus occidentalis)
grows to a great height, and is one of the most shady trees
here. The Water-poplar is the most common tree here-
abouts, grows exceedingly well on the shores of the river, and
is as tall as the tallest of our asps. In summer, it affords the
best shade for men and cattle against the scorching heat.
On the banks of rivers and lakes it is one of the most
useful trees, because it holds the soil by its extensive branched
roots, and prevents the water from washing it away. The
Water-beech and the Elm-tree (Ulmus) serve the same pur-
pose. The wild Prune-trees were plentiful here, and
were full of unripe fruit : its wood is not made use of, but its
fruit is eaten. Sumach (Rhus glabra) is plentiful here; as
also the wild vines, which climb up the trees and creep
along the high shores of the river. I was told that the
grapes ripen very late, though they were already pretty large.
The American Elm-tree (Ulmus americana) formed several
hi^h hedges. The soil of this island is a rich mould mixed
with sand, which is chiefly employed in maize plantations.
There were likewise large fields of potatoes. The whole
island was leased for one hundred pounds of New York cur-
rency. The person who had taken the lease, again let some
greater and some smaller lots of ground to the inhabitants
of Albany, for making kitchen-gardens of; and by that means
reimbursed himself Portulack (Portulaca oleracea) grows
spontaneously here in great abundance, and looks very well.
June the 20th. The tide in the river Hudson goes about
eight or ten English miles above Albany, and consequently
runs one hundred and fifty-six English miles from the sea.
In spring, when the snows melts, there is hardly any flowing
near this town; for the great quantity of water which comes
from the mountains during that season, occasions a continual
ebbing. This likewise happens after heavy rains.

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749. 53

The cold is generally reckoned very severe here. The ice
in the river Hudson is commonly three or four feet thick. On
the 3d of April, some of the inhabitants crossed the river with
six pair of horses. The ice commonly dissolves about the
end of 3Iarch, or beginning of April. Great pieces of ice
come down about that time, which sometimes carry with
them the houses that stand close to the shore. The water
is very high at that time in the river because the ice stops
sometimes, and sticks in places where the river is narrow.
The water has been often observed to rise three fathoms
higher than it commonly is in summer. The ground is frozen
here in winter to the depth of three, four, or five feet. On the
16th of November the yachts are put up, and about the be-
ginning or middle of April they are in motion again. They
are unacquainted with stoves ) and their chimneys are so
wide that one could drive through them with a cart and horses.

The water of several wells in this town was very cool about
this time, but had a kind of acid taste which was not very
agreeable. On a nearer examination, I found an abundance
of little insects in it, which were probably monoculi. Their
length was different : some were a geometrical line and an
half; others two, and others four lines long. They were
very narrow, and of a very pale color. The head was blacker
and thicker than the other parts of the body, and about the
size of a pin's head. The tail was divided into two branches,
and each branch terminated in a little black globule. When
these insects swim, they proceed in crooked or undulated
lines, almost like tadpoles. I poured some of this water into
a bowl, and put near a fourth part of rum to it; the mo-
noculi, instead of being affected with it, swam about as briskly
as they had done in the water. This shows, that if one makes
punch with this water, it must be very strong to kill the
monoculi. I think this water is not very wholesome for
people who are not used to it, though the inhabitants of
Albany who drink it every day, say they do not feel the least
inconvenience from it. I have been several times obliged to
drink water here, in which I have plainly seen monoculi swim-
ming ; but I generally felt the next day somewhat like a pea
in my throat, or as if I had a swelling there, and this conti-
nued for above a week. I felt such swellings this year, both
at Albany and in other parts. My servant, Yungstroem, like-

64 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749.

wise got a great pain in liis breast, and a sensation as from a
swelling after drinking water with monoculi in it; but
whether these insects occasioned it, or whether it came from
some other cause I cannot ascertain. However, I have
always endeavored, as much as possible, to do without such
water as had monoculi in it. I have found monoculi in very
cold water, taken from the deepest wells, in diflPerent parts
of this country. Perhaps many of our diseases arise from
waters of this kind, which we do not sufficiently examine.
I have frequently observed abundance of minute insects in
water, which has been remarkable for its clearness. Almost
each house in Albany has its well, and the water of which is
applied to common use; but fortea, brewing and washing, they
commonly take the water of the river Hudson, which flows
close by the town. This water is generally quite muddy, and
very warm in summer; and, on that account, it is kept in cel-
lars, in order that the slime may subside, and that the water
may cool a little

We lodged with a gunsmith, who told us that the best
charcoals for the forge were made of the Black Pine. The
next in goodness, in his opinion, were charcoals made of the
Beech tree. The best and dearest stocks for his muskets
were made of the wood of the Wild Cherry-tree; and next to
these, he valued those of the Red Maple most. They scarce
make use of any other wood for this purpose. The Black
Walnut tree affords excellent wood for stocks; but it does
not grow in the neighborhood of Albany.

June the 21st. Next to the town of New York, Albany
is the principal town, or at least the most wealthy, in the
province of New York. It is situated on the declivity of a
hill, close to the western shore of the river Hudson, about one
hundred and forty six English miles from New York. The
town extends along the river, which flows herefrom N. N. E.
to S. S. W. The high mountains in the west, above the town,
bound the prospect on that side. There are two churches in
Albany, an English one and a Dutch one. The Dutch church
stands at some distance from the river, on the east side of the
market. It is built of stone ; and in the middle it has a
small steeple, with a bell. It has but one minister, who
preaches twice every Sunday. The English church is situated
on the hill, at the west end of the market, directly under the

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749. 55

fort. It is likewise built of stone, but has no steeple. There
was no service at this church at this time, because they had
no minister ; and all the people understood Dutch, the garrison
excepted. The minister of this church has a settled income
of one hundred pounds sterling, which he gets from England.
The town hall lies to the southward of the Dutch church,
close by the river side. It is a fine building of stone, three
stories high. It has a small tower or steeple with a bell, and
a gilt ball and a vane at the top of it.

The houses in this town are very neat, and partly built with
stones covered with shingles of the White Pine. Some are
slated with tiles from Holland, because the clay of this
neighborhood is not reckoned fit for tiles. Most of the
houses are built in the old way, with the gable-end towards
the street; a few excepted, which were lately built in the
manner now used. A great number of houses were built
like those of New-Brunswick, which I have described; i the
gable-end being built, towards the street, of bricks and all
the other walls of planks. The outside of the houses is never
covered with lime or mortar, nor have I seen it practised in a
any North-American towns which I have visited ; and the
walls do not seem to be damaged by the air. The gutters on
the roofs reach almost to the middle of the street. This pre-
serves the walls from being damaged by the rain ; but is ex-
tremely disagreeable in rainy weather for the people in the
streets, there being hardly any means of avoiding the water
from the gutters. The street doors are generally in the mid-
dle of the houses ; and on both sides are seats, on which,
during fair weather, the people spend almost the whole day,
especially on those which are in the shadow of the houses.
In the evening these seats are covered with people of both
sexes; but this is rather troublesome, as those who pass by
are obliged to greet every body, unless they will shock the
politeness of the inhabitants of this town. The streets are
broad, and some of them are paved ; in some parts they are
lined with trees : the long streets are almost parallel to the

^ One of the streets is almost entirely inhabited by Dutclimen from
Albany, and for that reason they call it Albany street. These Dutch
people only keep company among themselves, and seldom or never
go amongst the other inhabitants, living as it were (juite separate
from them. — Vol. i, p. 238.

56 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749.

river, and the others intersect them at right angles. The
street which goes between the two churches, is five times
broader than the others, and serves as a market place. The
streets upon the whole are very dirty, because the people
leave their cattle in them during the summer nights. There
are two market places in the town, to which the country
people resort twice a week.

The fort lies higher than any other building, on a high
steep hill on the west side of the town. It is a great build-
ing of stone, surrounded with high and thick walls. Its
situation is very bad, as it can only serve to keep off plun-
dering parties, without being able to sustain a siege. There
are numerous high hills to the west of the fort, which
command it, and from whence one may see all that is done
within it. There is commonly an officer and a number of
soldiers quartered in it. They say the fort contains a spring
of water.

The situation of Albany is very advantageous in regard to
trade. The river Hudson, which flows close by it, is from
twelve to twenty feet deep. There is not yet any quay made
for the better lading of the yachts, because the people feared
it would suffer greatly, or be entirely carried away in spring
by the ice, which then comes down the river. The vessels
which are in use here, may come pretty near the shore in
order to be laden, and heavy goods are brought to them upon
canoes tied together. Albany carries on a considerable
commerce with New York, chiefly in furs, boards, wheat,
flour, pease, several kinds of timber, etc. There is not a
place in all the British colonies, the Hudson's Bay settle-
ments excepted, where such quantities of furs and skins are
bought of the Indians, as at Albany. Most of the merchants
in this town send a clerk or agent to Oswego, an English
trading town upon the lake Ontario, to which the Indians
resort with their furs. I intend to give a more minute
account of this place in my journal for the year 1750. The
merchants from Albany spend the whole summer at Oswego,
and trade with many tribes of Indians who come to them
with their goods. Many people have assured me that the
Indians are frequently cheated in disposing of their goods,
especially when they are in liquor; and that sometimes they
do not get one half, or even one tenth of the value of their

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749. 57

goods. I have been a witness to several transactions of this
kind. The merchants of Albany glory in these tricks, and
are highly pleased when they have given a poor Indian a
greater portion of brandy than he can bear, and when they
can after that get all his goods for mere trifles. The Indians
often find, when they are sober again, that they have been
cheated : they gri:^mble somewhat, but are soon satisfied when
they reflect that they have for once drank as much as they
are able, of a liquor which they value beyond any thing else
in the whole world ; and they are quite insensible to their
loss, if they again get a draught of this nectar. Besides
this trade at Oswego, a number of Indians come to Albany
from several parts, especially from Canada ; but from this
latter place, they hardly bring any thing but beaver skins.
There is a great penalty in Canada for carrying furs to the
English, that trade belonging to the French West India
Company; notwithstanding which the French merchants in
Canada carry on a considerable smuggling trade. They send
their furs, by means of the Indians to their correspondents
at Albany, who purchase it at the price which they have
fixed upon with the French merchants. The Indians take
in return several kinds of cloth, and other goods, which may
be got here at a lower rate than those which are sent to
Canada from France.

The greater part of the merchants at Albany have extensive
estates in the country, and a great deal of wood. If their
estates have a little brook, they do not fail to erect a saw-
mill upon it for sawing boards and planks, with which com-
modity many yachts go during the whole summer to New
York, having scarce any other lading than boards.

Many people at Albany make the wampum of the Indians,
which is their ornament and their money, by grinding some
kinds of shells and muscles : this is a considerable profit to
the inhabitants. I shall speak of this kind of money in the
sequel. The extensive trade which the inhabitants of Albany
carry on, and their sparing manner of life, in the Dutch way,
contribute to the considerable wealth which many of them
acquire.

The inhabitants of Albany and its environs are almost all
Dutchmen. They speak Dutch, have Dutch preachers, and
divine service is performed in that language : their manners

58 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749.

are likewise Dutch ; their dress is, however, like that of the
English. It is well known that the first Europeans who
settled in the province of New York were Dutchmen.
During the time that they were the masters of this province,
they possessed themselves of New Sweden,' of which they
were jealous. However, the pleasure of possessing this
conquered land and their own was but of short duration ;
for towardri the end of 1664, Sir Robert Carre, by order of
King Charles the second, went to New York, then New
Amsterdam, and took it. Soon after Col. Nichols went to
Albany, which then bore the name of Fort Orange, and
upon taking it, named it Albany, from the Duke of York's
Scotch title. The Dutch inhabitants were allowed either to
continue where they were, and, under the protection of the
English, to enjoy all their former privileges; or to leave the
country. The greater part of them chose to stay, and from
them the Dutchmen are descended, who now live in the pro-
vince of New York, and who possess the greatest and best
estates in that province.

The avarice and selfishness of the inhabitants of Albany
are very well known throughout all North America, by the
English, by the French, and even by the Dutch in the lower
part of New York province. If a Jew, who understands the
art of getting forward perfectly well, should settle amongst
them, they would not fail to ruin him. For this reason
nobody comes to this place without the most pressing neces-
sity ; and therefore I was asked, in several places, what in-
duced me to go to it two years one after another. I likewise
found that the judgment, which people formed of them, was
not without foundation. For though they seldom see any
strangers (except those who go from the British colonies to
Canada and back again), and one might therefore expect to
find victuals and accommodation for travelers cheaper than in
places where travelers always resort to; yet I experienced the
contrary. I was here obliged to pay for every thing twice,
thrice, and four times as dear as in any part of North Ame-
rica which I have passed through. If I wanted their assist-
ance, I was obliged to pay them very well for it; and when

^ New Jersey and a part of Pennsylvania were formerly com-
prised under this name.

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749. 59

I wanted to purchase anything, or to be helped in some case
or other, I could presently see what kind of blood ran in
their veins; for they either fixed exorbitant prices for their
services, or were very backward to assist me. Such was this
people in general. However, there were some amongst them
who equaled any in North America, or any where else, in
politeness, equity, goodness, and readiness to serve and to
oblige; but their number fell far short of that of the former.
If I may be allowed to declare my conjectures, the origin of
the inhabitants of Albany and its neighborhood seems to me
to be as follows: Whilst the Dutch possessed this country,
and intended to people it, the government took up a pack
of vagabonds, of which they intended to clear the country,
and sent them along with a number of other settlers to this
province. The vagabonds were sent far from the other colo-
nists, upon the borders towards the Indians and other
enemies ; and a few honest families were persuaded to go
with them, in order to keep them in bounds. I can not any
other way account for the difference between the inhabitants
of Albany, and the other descendants of sO respectable a
nation a? the Dutch, who are settled in the lower part of
New York province. The latter are civil, obliging, just in
the prices, and sincere; and though they are not ceremonious,
yet they are well meaning and honest, and their promises
are to be relied on.

The behavior of the inhabitants of Albany, during the
war between England and France, which was ended with the
peace of Aix la Chapelle, has, among several other causes, con-
tributed to make them the object of hatred in all the British
colonies, but more especially in New England. For at the
beginning of that war, when the Indians of both parties had
had received orders to commence hostilities, the French en-
gaged theirs to attack the inhabitants of New England;
which they faithfully executed, killing every body they met
with, and carrying off whatever they found. During this
time the people of Albany remained neutral, and carried
on a great trade with the very Indians who murdered the
inhabitants of New England. The plate, such as silver spoons,
bowls, cups, etc., of which the Indians robbed the houses in
New England, was carried to Albany for sale. The people
of that town bought up these silver vessels, though the names

60 Visit of Peter Kahn to Albany, 1749.

of the owners were graved on many of them ; and encou-
raged the Indians to get more of them, promising to pay them
well, and whatever they would demand. This was afterwards
interpreted by the inhabitants of New England, as if the
Albanians encouraged the Indians to kill more of the people,
who were in a manner their brothers, and who were subjects
of the same crown. Upon the first news of this behavior,
which the Indians themselves spread in New England, the
inhabitants of the latter province were greatly incensed, and
threatened that the first step they would take in another
war would be to burn Albany and the adjacent parts. In the
present war it will suflSciently appear how backward the other
British provinces in America are in assisting Albany, and the
neighboring places, in case of an attack from the French
or Indians. The hatred which the English bear against the
people of Albany is very great, but that of the Albanians
against the English is carried to a ten times higher degree.
This hatred has subsisted ever since the time when the
English conquered this country, and is not yet extinguished,
though they could never have got such advantages under
the Dutch government as they have obtained under that of
the English : For, in a manner, their privileges are greater
than those of Englishmen.

The inhabitants of Albany are much more sparing than
the English. The meat which is served up is often insuf-
ficient to satisfy the stomach, and the bowl does not circulate
so freely as amongst the English. The women are perfectly
well acquainted with economy : they rise early, go to sleep
very late, and are almost over nice and cleanly in regard to
the floor, which is frequently scoured several times in the
week. The servants in the town are chiefly negroes. Some
of the inhabitants wear their own hair, but it is very short,
without a bag or queue, which are looked upon as the cha-
racteristics of Frenchmen; and as I wore my hair m a bag
the first day I came here from Canada, I was surrounded
with children, who called me Frenchman and some of the
boldest ofi'ered to pull at my French dress.

Their meat, and manner of dressing it, is very different
from that of the English. Their breakfast is tea, commonly
without milk. About thirty or forty years ago, tea was un-
known to them, and they breakfasted either upon bread and

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany^ 1749. 61

butter or bread and milk. They never put sugar into the
cup, but take a small bit of it into their mouths whilst they
drink. Along with the tea they eat bread and butter, with
slices of hung beef. Coffee is not usual here : they break-
fast generally about seven. Their dinner is buttermilk and
bread, to which they sometimes add sugar, and then it is a
delicious dish for them; or fresh milk and bread; or boiled
or roasted flesh. They sometimes make use of buttermilk
instead of fresh milk, to boil a thin kind of porridge with,
which tastes very sour, but not disagreeable in hot weather.
To each dinner they have a great salad, perpared with abund-
ance of vinegar and very little or no oil. They frequently
eat buttermilk, bread and salad, one mouthful after another.
Their supper is generally bread and butter, and milk and
bread. They sometimes eat cheese at breakfast, and at din-
ner: it is not in slices, but scraped or rasped, so as to
resemble coarse flour, which they pretend adds to the good
taste of cheese. They commonly drink very small beer, or
pure water.

The governor of New York often confers at Albany with
the Indians of the Five Nations, or the Iroquese (Mohawks,
Senekas, Cayugaws, Onondagoes and Onidoes), especially
when they intend either to make war upon, or to continue a
war against the French. Sometimes their deliberations
likewise turn upon their conversion to the Christian religion ;
and it appears by the answer of one of the Indian chiefs, or
sachems, to Grov. Hunter, at a conference in this town,
that the English do not pay so much attention to a work of
so much consequence, as the French do ; and that they do
not send such able men to instruct the Indians, as they ought
to do. For after Gov. Hunter had presented these Indians,
by order of Queen Anne, with many clothes and other
presents, of which they were fond, he intended to convince
them still more of her Majesty's good will and care for them,
by adding, " that their good mother, the Queen, had not only
generously provided them with fine clothes for their bodies,
but likewise intended to adorn their souls, by the preaching
of the gospel; and that to this purpose, some ministers
should be sent to them to instruct them." The governor
had scarce ended, when one of the oldest sachems got up

6

62 Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749.

and answered, " that in the name of all the Indians, he
thanked their gracious good queen and mother for the fine
clothes she had sent them ; but that in regard to the min-
isters, they had already had some among them (whom he
likewise named), who, instead of preaching the holy gospel
to them, had taught them to drink to excess, to cheat, and
to quarrel among themselves/' He then entreated the go-
vernor to take from them these preachers, and a number of
Europeans who resided amongst them; for before they were
come among them, the Indians had been an honest, sober
and innocent people, but most of them became rogues now;
that they had formerly had the fear of God, but that they
hardly believed his existence at present; that if he (the
governor) would do them any favor, he should send two or
three blacksmiths amongst them, to teach them to forge iron,
in which they were unexperienced. The governor could
not forbear laughing at this extraordinary speech. I think
the words of St. Paul not wholly inapplicable on this occa-
sion : " For the name of God is blasphemed amongst the
Gentiles, through you." — Rom. ii. 24.

June the 21st. About five o'clock in the afternoon we
left Albany, and proceeded towards Canada. We had two
men with us, who were to accompany us to the first French
place, which is Fort St. Frederick, or, as the English call it,
Crown Point. For this service each of them was to receive
five pounds of New York currency, besides which I was to
provide them with victuals. This is the common price here;
and he that does not choose to conform to it, is obliged to
travel alone. We were forced to take up with a canoe, as
we could get neither battoes nor boats of bark; and as there
was a good road along the west side of the river Hudson,
we left the men to row forwards in the canoe, and we went
along it on the shore, that we might be better able to examine
it and its curiosities with greater accuracy. It is. very in-
commodious to row in these canoes; for one stands at each
end, and pushes the boat forwards. They commonly keep
close to the shore, that they may be able to reach the ground
easily. Thus the rowers are forced to stand upright, whilst
they row in a canoe. We kept along the shore all the
evening : towards the river it consisted of great hills, and
next to the water grew the trees, which I have before men-

First Charter Officers. 63

tioned, and which likewise are to be met with on the shores
of the isle in the river situate below Albany. The easterly
shore of the river is uncultivated, woody and hilly; but the
western is flat, cultivated, and chiefly turned into corn fields,
which had no drains, though they wanted them in some
places. It appeared very plainly here that the river had
formerly been broader; for there is a sloping bank on the
corn fields, at about thirty yards distance from the river,
with which it always runs parallel. From this it sufficiently
appears that the rising ground formerly was the shore of
the river, and the corn-fields its bed. As a further proof,
it may be added that the same shells which abound on the
present shore of the river, and are not applied to any use by
the inhabitants, lie plentifully scattered on these fields, I
cannot say whether this change was occasioned by the dimi-
nishing of the water in the river, or by its washing some earth
down the river and carrying it to its sides, or by the river's
cutting deeper in on the sides.

FIRST CHAETER OFFICERS.

The original charter of the city of Albany was granted
by Gov. Dongan, on the 22d of July, 1686, and the follow-
ing persons were the first who officiated under the charter :
Peter Schuyler, Mayor ^ Jan Bleecker, Chamherlain,

Isaac Swinton, Recorder, Richard Pretty, Sheriffs
Robert Livingston, Clerk, James Parker, Marshall.

Aldermen .
Dirk Wessels, Johannis Wendell,

Jan Jans Bleecker, Lavinus Yan Schaack,

David Schuyler, Adrian Gerritse.

Assistant Aldermen.
Joachim Staats, Lawrence Yan Ale,

John Lansing, Albert Ruyckman,

Isaac Yerplanck, Melgert AVinantse.

These were good substantial Dutch burghers, as their names
indicate. The charter has undergone important alterations
since that day, and the city councils are filled with the descend-
ants of all nations and tongues upon earth, so mixed is the popu-
lation by the migration of all peoples, aided by the unexampled
increase of facilities for moving to and fro upon the earth.

64 Names of Settlers in Rensselaer swych

NAMES OF SETTLERS IN RENSSELAERSWYCK.
1630 TO 1646.

Compiled from the books of Monthly Wages and other manuscripts, by E. B.
O'Callaghan. See History of New Netherlands 433,

1630.

Wolfert Gerritsen, superintendent of farms.

Rutger Hendricksen van Soest, superintendent of the brew-
ery.

Seger Hendricksen van Soest, shepherd and ploughman.

Brandt Peelen van Nieukerke, schepen ; had two daughters,
Lisbet and Gerritje. The latter married Goosen Gerritsen
van Schaick, The father died in 1644. He is mentioned
by the Rev. Mr. Megapolensis in his tract on the Maquaa
Indians, and by Van der Donck in his Beschryvinge van N.
N., as having raised wheat off one field in Rensselaers-
wyck eleven years in succession. The land was ploughed
twelve times in that period ; twice the first and once every
succeeding year, when the stubble was ploughed and the
wheat sown and harrowed under. Van der Donck adds : —
" There are many thousand morgens of as good land
there as that of which we have spoken.'^ Several descend-
ants of this individual reside in Albany county, where
they go by the name of Brandt.

Simon Dircksen Pos, was one of Minuet's council in 1624 ;
died in 1649. Jan Tyssen, trumpeter, Fort Orange.

Andries Carstenssen, millwright.

Laurens Laurenssen, ")

Barent Tomassen, j ^

Arendt van Curler, was a magistrate of the colony until the
time of his death, and one of the leaders of the settlement
at Schenectady, 1641.

Jacob Jansen Stol, succeeded Hendrick Albertzsen as ferry
master at Beverwyck.

Martin Gerrittsen van Bergen, married Neeltje Meynderts;
-his oldest son was Gerrit ] his second, Myndert van Bergen.

Names of Settlers in Rensselaerswych 65

In the year 1668, he had a lease of Castle Island, called
after bim, Martia Gerritsen's Island ; and in 1690 he lived
south of that island, on the west side of the river. He
had property in Katskill, Goxsackie, and Albany, of which
he was magistrate for a long time.

Claes Arissen.

Roeloff Jansen van Maesterlandt, wife and family ; came
out as a farmer to the Patroon, at $72 a year. The Rev.
Ev. Bogardus, of New Amsterdam, married his widow.

Claes Claessen, bis servant. Jacques Spierinck.

Jacob Govertsen. Raynert Harmensen.

Bastiaen Jansen Krol, Fort Orange.

Albert Andriessen Bradt, de Noorman, mairied Annetje
Barents, by whom he had eight children, viz : Barent ;
Eva (who m. Roeloff Swartwout) ; Storm ; Engeltje (who
m. Teunis Slingerland, of Onisquathaw); Gisseltje (who
m. Jan van Eechelen) ; Andries, Jan, and Dirck. The
tradition is, that one of the above children was born on
ship-board, on the passage out, in the midst of a heavy
storm, in consequence of which he was called Storm van
der Zee. Barent Albertsen succeeded his father, in 1672,
as a lessee of the water privileges on the Normans Kill,
for which he was to pay S150 a year; and Slingerland
succeeded, in 1677, as lessee of the farm which his
father had occupied until then on the above stream.
Albert de Noorman died 7th June, 1686, and Swartwout,
mentioning the occurrence, says : — he was " een van de
oudste en eerste inwoonders der colonic Rensselaerswyck.^'
At the time of his decease, he was proprietor of some lots
and houses on the island of Manhattans. It was after this
man that the creek south of Albany was called the Noor-
mans kill. Many of his descendants are still met with
in and around the latter city.

1631.

Maryn Adriaensen van Yeere. This was the freebooter, who
afterwards played so prominent a figure in Kieft's time.

Thomas Witsent.

Gerrit Teunissen de Reus, schepen, had a well stocked farm
in Greenbush.

Cornelis Teunissen van Westbroek.

66 Names of Settlers in Bensselaersvjyck.

Cornells Teunissen van Breukelen, Kaedts persoon ; the
descendants of thisman now call themselves van Brackelen.

Johan Tiers.

Jasper Ferlyn.

Gerrit Willems Oosterum.

Cornells Maessen van Buren Maassen (in Gelderland) and
Catalyntje Martensen, his wife, came out in the ship Rensse-
laerswyck. In the passage out was born their first child,
Hendrick ; had besides him, four other children, viz:
Martin, Maas, Steyntje, and Tobias, all of whom were
living in the colony in 1662. Steyntje married, 1663,
Dirck Wessels, " free merchant here.^^ The father had a
farm at Papskenea. He and his wife died in 1648, and
were both buried on the same day ! (Beyde op eenen
dagh zyn begraaven. MS.).

Cornells Teunissen Bos, bouwknecht to Cornells Maassen,
was commissary at Fort Orange previous to 1662.

1634.

Jan Labbadie, carpenter, native of France, was subsequently
commissary to the Patroon, and after that held a like
ofl&ce at Fort Orange, under the company. He married
the widow of Mr. Harman van der Bogaert. He came
out previous to this year, and was part owner of the Garce.
Robert Hendricksen. Adriaen Gerritsen.

LubertGysbertsen, wheelwright. Jan Jacobsen.
Jacob Albertzen Planck, officier, or sheriff.
Hendrick Cornelissen. Joris Houten, Fort Orange-

Jan Jansen Dam, or Damen ; married Ariaentje Cuvel.
He removed subsequently to New Amsterdam, where he
was elected one of the Eight Men ; amassed considerable
wealth, and was one of the owners of the privateer La
Garce. In 1649-50 he went to Holland with C. van
Tienhoven, to defend Stuyvesant against the complaints
of Van der Donck and others, and died on his return,
18th June, 1651. He does not seem to have had any
children. He had three brothers, Cornells Jansen
Cuyper ; Cornells Jansen Damen ; and Willem Jansen
Damen ; and two sisters, Neiltje, and Hendrickje. He
adopted the son of the last named sister — Jan Corne-
lls Buys — who assumed his name, having been left 600

VIEW OF COEYMANS CREEK.

Names of Settlers in Bensselaerswyck. 67

Car. guilders. Jan Damen, at his deafh, willed 400 Car.
guilders to the poor of Bunick, province of Utrecht. The
inventory of his personal property fills ten folio pages in
the records.

1635.

Jan Terssen van Franiker. Juriaen Bylvelt.

Jan Cornelissen, carpenter.

Johannes Verbeek, raedt persoon, 1658, 1661.

1686.

Barent Pieterse Koyemans, alias Barent the Miller, entered
the service of the first patroon, at 30 guilders a year.
Three brothers accompanied him to Bensselaerswyck in
1636, viz: David, Jacob, and Arent, who was a lad. It
is presumed that they came originally from Utrecht.
Barent worked in the Patroon's grist-mill until 1645, in
the fall of which year he took charge, with Jan Gerritsen,
his partner (who came out with him), of the Patroon's
saw-mills, being allowed 150 gl. each a year for board,
and three stuivers a cut for every plank they sawed. He
remained in this employment until 1647, having cut be-
tween three and four thousand boards in that time.
Previous to 1650, he lived a little south of the 5th or
Patroon's creek, and in 1655 took a nineteen years' lease
of a farm of maize land at 24 gl. per annum. In 1657
he rented, in company with Cornelis Theunis van Breuke-
len, for three years, the Upper Mills (as the mills on the
Patroon's creek were called, in contradistinction to those
on the Norman's kill), which he leased on his own account
in 1660 for 13 years. This lease expired in 1673, about
which time he purchased, by consent of the commissioners
at Albany, from the Katskill Indians, a large tract of land,
some twelve or fifteen miles south of that city, on the west
side of the river. The place had been known, for many
years previous, as offering peculiar advantages for the
erection of saw-mills. Cryn Cornelissen, and Hans Jansen
having erected saw-mills on the creek immediately north
of Beeren island as early as 1651. Coeymans had, no doubt,
these advantages in view when he made his purchase,
which began at a point on the shore called Sieskasin, op-

68 Names of Settlers in Rensselaerswych

posite the middle of Jan Ryersen's island called by the
Indians- Sapanakock, and ran south to the mouth of Pieter
Bronck's kill, as Coxsackie creek was then called. Follow-
ing up this creek to its head, the line then went west
until it struck the head of the waters falling into the
Hudson, all the land on which belonged to the Katskill
Indians, the waters flowing west to the Schoharie creek
being the property of the Mohawks. The line then went
northerly to the bounds of Rensselaerswyck, and thence
returned to the Hudson river. A patent was obtained
for this tract, twelve miles deep and some eight or ten
front, from Grov. Lovelace, on 7th April, 1673. But
falling as it did within the original bounds of Van Rens-
selaer's colonic, Coeymans purchased out the Patroon's
claims, 22d Oct., 1706, agreeing to pay a quit-rent of nine
shillings a year, and he finally obtained letters patent from
Queen Anne, confirming the whole to him and his heirs
forever, 6th Aug., 1714. This purchase now constitutes
the ancient town of Coeymans in the county of Albany.
Barent Pietersen had five children — Andreas, Samuel,
Peter, Ariantje, and Jannitje. x\ndreas moved to the
Raritans, New Jersey, where he purchased a considerable
tract of land, and where some of the Coeymans still reside.
Peter married twice; by his first wife he had Mayica,
who married Andreas Witbeck ; and Elizabeth, the wife
of Jacob van Allen. By his second wife, Charlotte
Amelia Drawyer, he had Gerritje, who married John Bar-
clay, mayor of Albany; Anne Margaret, who married
Peter Ten Eyck, and Charlotte A., who married John
Bronck. Mrs. Abraham Verplank of Coeymans is grand-
daughter to this Mrs. Bronck. All the descendants of
Barent Coeymans, after the first generation in a direct
line, were females. Owing to this singular circumstance,
the family name is now extinct in this state

Pieter Cornelissen van Munnichendam, millwright.

Dirck Jansen van Edam.

Arent Andriessen van Frederickstad.

Mauritz Jansen, Michel Jansen van Broeckhuysen.

This Michel brought out his wife and two children. Van
Tienhoven says he came out as a " boereknecht," or ser-
vant. He amassed a fortune in a few years, in the fur

Names of Settlers in Bensselaerswyck. 69

trade, but not being able to agree with the head men of
the colonie, he removed, in 1646, to the island of Man-
hattans. He purchased Eversen Bout's farm in Pavonia,
with some stock, for 8,000 gl., and was appointed one of the
delegates to Holland in 1649, against the colonial admin-
istration, but owing to the unsettled state of his private
affairs he could not accept that appointment. It was in a
room in this man's house, in New Amsterdam, that Van
der.Donck wrote his celebrated "Vertoogh,'' or Remons-
trance against the maladministration of affairs in New-
Netherland.

Jacob Jansen van Amsterdam.

Simon Walings van der Belt ; was killed at Pavonia, in 1648,
by some savages from the south.

Gysbert Classsen van Amsterdam. Hans Zevenhuyzen.

Cristen Cristyssen Noorman van Adriaen Hubertsen.
Ylecburgh and wife. Rynier Tymanssen van

Tys Barentsen Schoonmaker van Edam.

Edam. Thomas Jansen van Bu-

Cornelis Tomassen, smith, and wife. nick.

Arent Steveniersen, wife and two children; he married,
anno 1637, the widow of Cornelius Tomassen, by whom
he had two other children.

Johan Latyn van Verduym. Claes Jansen van Nykerk.

Ilutger Jacobsen van Schoenderwoerdt, married in New
Amsterdam anno 1646, Tryntje Jansen van Briestede
(who died at her son's in Rosendal, in 1711). By her
he had two daughters and one son. Margaret, one of the
daughters, married in 1667, Jan Jansen Bleecker, who
came from Meppel, province of Overyssel, to America, in
1658, and was the ancestor of the present highly respect-
able Bleecker family in this state. Rutger Jacobson was
a magistrate in Rensselaersvvyck as early as 1648, and
continued to fill that office as late as 1662, and perhaps
later. He owned a "\ ess el on the river in 1649, in which
year he rented, in partnership with Groosen Gerrittsen, the
Patroon's brewery, at 450 gl. a year, payable in addition
one guilder for every ton of beer which they brewed.
This duty amounted in the first year to 330 gl., and in
the following season they worked up 1,500 schepels of
malt On the 2d of June, 1656, he laid the corner stoue

70 Names of Settlers in Rensselaer sioyck.

of the new church, in Beverwyck, and we find him
subsequently part proprietor of Pachonakelick, called by
the Dutch Mohican's, or Long island, below Bethlehem.
He had the character of an upright citizen, and to his
credit it must be added, he rose by his honest industry
from small beginnings.

Ryckert Rutgersen, was engaged, when he first came out,
at 120 gl. per annum for a term of 6 years. In 1648 he
took a 6 years' lease of Bethlehem island, at 300 gl. per
annum, besides the tenths. He received three horses,
and two or three cows on halves, and the Patroon was to
build him a barn and dwelling house, he cutting and
drawing the timber, and boarding the carpenters. He
was exempt from rent and tithes for the first year. In
1652 he surrendered his lease to Jan Ryersen, after whom
this island has since been named.

N. B. The settlers of 1636 came out in the ship Rensse-
laerswyck, having sailed from Holland on the 1st October
of that year.

1637.

Jan Micbaelsen van Edam, tailor, and his boy.

Pieter Nicolaussen van Nordinge.

Teunis Cornelissen van Vechten, succeeded Michel Jansen
on his farm in 1646, and lived in 1648 in the south end
of Greenbush.

Burger Joris, smith.

Jan Ryersen ] the island situate opposite the junction of the
towns of Bethlehem and Coeymans, on the Hudson, was
called Jan Ryersen's island, in consequence of this man
having lived there in 1652.

Abraham Stevenson, surnamed Croaet, a boy.

Cornelis Teunissen van Merkerk.

Goosen Gerritsen van Schaick; married, 1st, Gerritje Brants,
daughter of Brant Peelen ; 2d, in July, 1657, Annetje
Lievens. He was a brewer in the colonic in 1649, in
which year he accepted, after a good deal of solicitation,
the office of magistrate, or gerechts persoon. Was after-
wards one of the part owners of Nachtenack, the Indian
name for the site of the present village of Waterford,
Saratoga county.

Names of Settlers in Bensselaerswyck. 71

Willem Juriaensen Bakker, was banished from the colonie,
in 1650, at the age of seventy years, in consequence of
his reputed misdeeds. (See p. 76).

1638.

Jan Dircksen van Amersfoort. Gerrit Hendricksen.

Wybrant Pietersen. Cornelis Leendertsen.

Willem Meynten. Francis Allertsen, cooper.

Martin Hendricksen van Hamelward.

Roeloff Cornelissen van Houten.

Adriaen Berghoorn. Yolkert Jansen.

Hendrick Fredricksen. Jacob Jansen Nostrandt,

Christoffel Davits; lived in 1650 on a farm at Domine's
Hoeck, now called Van VVie's Point.

Claes Jansen Ruyter. Jacob Flodder,'his man.

Gysbert Adriaensen van Bunick ; came out in the Key of
Calmar.

Teunis Dircksen van Yechten, came out with wife, child,
and two servants, in the " Arms of Norway," and had a
farm in 1648 at Grreenbush, north of that occupied by
Teunis Cornelissen van Vechten. He is referred to in
1663 as " an old inhabitant here."

1639.

Jacob Adriaensen van Utrecht. Ryer Stoffelsen.

Cryn Cornelissen ; obtained a license in 1651 to erect a saw-
mill in company with Hans Jansen van Rotterdam, on
what is now Coeyman's Creek.

Adam Boelantsen van Hamelward, previously a schoolmaster
in New Amsterdam.

Sander Leendertsen Glen; married CatalynDoncassen. He
was one of the Indian traders at Beverswyck, and finally
moved to Scotia, near Schenectada, of which tract he
obtained an patent from Gov. Nicolls, in 1665. Reference
is made probably to this gentleman by the French in their
account of the burning of Schenectady, anno 1690, in the
following terms : " At daybreak some men were sent to
the dwelling of Mr. Sander, who was major of the place
at the other side of the river. He was not willing to
surrender, and began to put himself on the defensive,
with his servants and some Indians. But as it was resolved

72 Names of Settlers in Rensselaerswych

not to do him any harm, in consequence of the good treat-
ment which the French had formerly experienced at his
hands. M. d'Iberville and the great Agniez proceeded
thither alone, promised him quarter for himself, his people
and property, whereupon he laid down his arms on parole."

Pieter Jacobsen and wife. Johan Poog.

Gilles Barentsen. Claes Jansen van Breda.

Cornelis Spierinck. Claes Tyssen.

1640.

Nys Jacobsen. Jannitje Teunissen.

Jan Teunissen, carpenter.

Teunis Jacobsen van Schoenderwordt, brother to Rutger

Jacobsen ; had 90 gl. a year salary for the first three years,

and 100 for the next three. He became a trader in 1651.
Andries Herbertsen Constapel van der Blaes; married An-

netje Juriaensen; owned a tile kiln in Beverwyck, and

died in 1662.
Andries de Vos, brother-in-law to Barent Pieterse Coeymans ;

was gerechts persoon, or magistrate, in 1648.
Adriaen Teunissen van der Belt. Jan Creynen.

Jan Jansen van Rotterdam; was killed in the Indian war,

1664.
Jacob Jansen van Campen. Cornelis Keyne van Houtten.
Claes Gerritsen. Jan Cornelissen van Houtten.

1641.

Adriaen van der Donck, officier, or sheriff.

Cornelis Antonissen van Slyck, alias Broer Cornelissen, was
the first patentee of Katskill, anno 1646. Van Slyck's
island, opposite Schenectada, was so called after one of
his sons, Jacques, to whom it was granted, 13th Nov.,
1662, by Director Stuyvesant.

Claes Gysbertsen. Joris Borrelingen, Engelsman.

Jacob Wolfertsen. Claes Jansen van Ruth.

Teunis de Metselaer.

Cornelis Cornelissen van Schoonderwoerdt, alias Yosje.

1642.

Hans Vos van Baden, court messenger; was sheriff's con-
stable in New Amsterdam in 1661.

Names of Settlers in Rensselaerswyck. 73

Dominie Johannes Megapolensis, Juu.,

Matheld Willemsen, his wife,

Hellegond, Dirck, Jan, and Samuel, their children.
Samuel M., the last named son, was sent to Harvard Col-
lege in 1657; spent three years there, and then proceeded
to the University of Ley den, where he was licensed, in
1662, as a minister, and obtained the degree of M.D. On
his return, he became collegiate pastor of the church at
New Amsterdam, and was appointed by Grov. Stuyvesant
one of the commissioners to negotiate with the British the
articles relating to the capitulation of the province. —
'Rev. Dr. De Witt.

Abraham Staes, surgeon.

Evert Pels van Steltyn, brewer, and wife; lived at the Mill
creek, Greenbush.

Cornells Lambertsen van Doom.

Johan Helms van Baasle.

Joachim Kuttelhuys van Cremyn.

Juriaen Bestval van Luyderdorp^ (near Leyden).

Claes Jansen van Waalwyck.

Paulus Jansen van Gertruydenburgh.

Lucas Smith van Ickemsburgh; left the coloniein the spring
of 1646, with the character of " een eerlyk ende vroom
jongman'' — an honorable and virtuous young man.

Cornells Crynnesen.

Cornelis Hendricksen van Es, Gerechts persoon or magis-
trate. His daughter, Elizabeth, married one Banckers,
" Cryn Cornelissen declares that, in the spring of 1643,
while conveying some of the guests, on the ice, to the
wedding of Van Es's daughter, a mare belonging to him,
(Cryn), and a stud belonging to Van der Donk, were
drowned in the neighborhood of Black, or Horse's point —
(omtrent de Swarte, ofte Paerde hoeck) — for which he
understands Van der Donck received 150 guilders ($60)
from the wedding party.'^ MS.

Cornelis Gerritsen van Schoonderwoerdt.

Wm. Fredericksen van Leyden, free carpenter.

Antonie de Hooges, commis., afterwards Secretary of the
colonic. His daughter, and an only child, says Bensen,
"married Herman Rutgers, the ancestor of the respectable

7

74 Name$ of Settlers in Rensselaer swyck,

family of the name among us." De Hooges died, 1658.
The well known promontory in the Highlands was called
Anthony's Nose, after him.

Johan Holmes.

Juriaen van Sleswyck.

Johan Corstiaenssen, mariner.

Hendrick Albertsen ; second time of his coming out. He
was the first ferry-master in Beverwyck ; died in 1648 or
1649.

Gertrude Dries van Driesbergen, his wife.

Albert Jansen, van Amsterdam.

Geertje Mannix, widow, and two children.

Nicolaus Koorn, sergeant or wachtmeester ; succeeded Van
der Donck as sheriff.

Hendrick Dries, her brother.

Jan Jansen Flodder, carpenter.

Pieter Wyncoop, commis.

Adriaen Cornelissen van Bersingeren.

Arendt Teunissen van Luyten.

Cornehs Segers van Voorhout; succeeded Van der Donck
on the farm called Weelysburgh, on Castle island; mar-
ried Bregje Jacobsen, by whom he had six children ;
Cornells, Claes, Seger, Jannitje, Neltje, and Lysbeth.
The last named married Francois Boon, without her
parents' consent, and was disinherited, having been left
by will only £1 Flemish. Seger married Jannitje Teunis-
sen van Vechten, and was killed, anno 1662, by Andries
Herbertsen, in a brawl. Many of the Segers family are
still residents of the county of Albany.

Jacob Aertsen Wagenaar.

Jan Creyne van Houtten.

Jan Dircksen, Engelsman, van Amersfoort.

Herry de Backer. " I have known a gunner, named Harry
de Backer, who killed at one shot from his gun, eleven
gray geese out of a large flock." — Van der Donck.

Adrian Willemsen ; banished for theft in 1644.

1643, 1644, 1645.

Pieter Hertgers van Yee, was one of the commissaries of
the court at Fort Orange in 1654 : died in Holland, 1670.
Abraham Clock.

Names of Settlers in Rensselaerswyck. 75

Jan Barentsen Wemp, removed subsequently to Schenectada,
where he became proprietor of some land. His widow
married Sweer Teunissen van Velde.

Richard Brigham.

Lambert van Yalckenburg.

Jacob Jansen Schermerhoorn, married Jannitje, daughter of
Cornelis Segers. He was a prominent trader in Bever-
wyck in 1648, when he was arrested, by Stuyvesant, on a
charge of selling fire-arms and ammunition to the Indians.
His books and papers were seized, and himself removed
a prisoner to Fort Amsterdam, where he was sentenced
to banishment for five years, and the confiscation of all
his property. By the interference of some leading citizens '
the first part of the sentence was struck out, but his property
was totally lost. These proceedings against Schermerhoorn
formed, subsequently, a ground of complaint against
Stuyvesant to the States General.

Claes Teunissen, alias Uylenspiegel.

Grysbert Cornelissen van Wesepe ; called also Grysbert op de
Berg, from the fact of his having lived on a farm called
the Hooge Berg, situate on the east side of the river,
a little below Albany, which he rented in 1649 at 300 gl.
a year. This farm still retains its original Dutch name,
and is now owned by Joachim Staats, Esq.

1646.

Jan Jansen van Bremen; lived in Bethlehem, and moved,
anno 1650, to Katskill.

Harman Mynderts van der Bogaert, arrived in New Nether-
land, anno 1631, as surgeon of the company's ship the
Eendracht; he continued in the company's service to
1633, after which he resided in New Amsterdam until
appointed commissary to Fort Orange. He was highly
respected, though from all accounts he appears to have
been of an irascible temper. An instance is mentioned
of his having attempted, in the excitement of a high quar-
rel, when both appear to have been in a violent passion,
to throw the director-general out of a boat in which they
were sailing on the river 5 he was, it is added, with
difficulty prevented from accomplishing his purpose. He
occasionally wrote his name Harmanus a Boghardij. He

76 Sentence of Willem Juriaensen Bakker.

came, I believe, to a violent death in 1649. Carl van

Brugge succeeded him as commissary at Fort Orange.
Jan van Hoosen. Hendrick Westercamp.

Jacob Herrick.
Jan Andriessen van Dublin, leased a bouwerie in 1649,

described as lying ^' north of Stoney point, being the

north half of the Flatt.''
Thomas Higgens. Jan Willemsen South.

Wolf Nyssen ; executed.
Willem Leendertsen, brass-founder.
Pieter Bronck; built a tavern in Beverwyck, in 1651, which

was then the third at that place ; afterwards lived at Cox-

sackie, the creek at which place was called by the Dutch,

Peter Bronck's kil.
Tomas Kenningh. Jacob Jansen van Stoutenburgh.
Jan de Neger, scherprechter, or hangman to the colonie.

SENTENCE OF WILLEM JURIAENSEN BAKKER.

The following minute in the gerechts rolle, or court regis-
ter, of the sentence pronounced against this public disturber,
will afford some idea of the strictness of the police in those
days. — 0' Callaghan' s Hist, of N. Netherland., p. 437.

" Their worships, the Commissioners and Council of the
colonie of Bensselaerswyck, having duly considered and
weighed the demand of the Honorable Director, as prose-
cutor against Willem Juriaensen Bakker, and finding that
he was already banished out of the colonie by their Worship-
ful Court, on the 4th February, 1644 ; and afterward
because that he attempted on the Lord's highway with a
knife to stab the person of Antonie de Hooges, then commis.
to the Noble Patrcon, whereby he, in as much as in him lay,
did commit a murder, for which he, on the 28th August
1647, was banished from the colonie ; and he having by peti-
tion prayed for a respite, which was granted to him, he pledged
all his goods, and also subjected himself to the banishment
of his person, should he happen to insult any person within

Sentence of Willem Juriaensen Bakker. 77

or without the court, or to do anything that should be dis-
pleasing, or worthy of punishment. Therefore, the Honor-
able Prosecutor, recapitulating the same, has set forth, to wit,
that he, the Delinquent, hath so frightened and shocked a
certain woman, [Saertje Cornelis, wife of Thomas Sander-
ssen Smith,] that according to her complaint, she hath mis-
carried ; Secondly, that he hath unjustly censured some
honorable people, among others some of the Worshipful Court
here, asserting, as relates to the agreement between him
and Jan van Hoesem, that they had written a falsehood;
Thirdly, having been quietly spoken to about the purchase
of two beasts, he entering the house, called out that he had a
knife in his sleeve, and that, if he were meddled with, he
should pay the Honorable Prosecutor with it. Besides,
being summoned on account of these enormities, he did
openly insult the Honorable Prosecutor here, saying, ' I must
bury you ; I am summoned before the court ; I must hang.'
Moreover have we been assured by trustworthy persons, that
he hath said to certain females who were proceeding to par-
take of the Lord's Supper, ' Is it a bit of bread you want ?
Come to my house and I'll give you a whole loaf;' and divers
other things. [On being asked his age, to the contempt
of the court, he said he was about twenty-one, though it is
known to us that he is at least seventy years of age.]
Wherefore, he being a blasphemer, a street-scold, a mur-
derer as far as his intentions are concerned, a defamer, a
contemner of law and justice, and a disturber of the public
peace, their Worships of the court aforesaid have adjudged
and sentenced, as they do hereby sentence and adjudge, that
the aforesaid sentence of banishment shall stand fast, and
he, Willem Juriaensen, is hereby banished out the district
and jurisdiction of this colonic, from now henceforth and
forever, to leave by the first vessel, and never more to return,
on pain of corporal punishment; all with costs of court.
Thus sentenced, &c., in College, this 18th July, 1650, to the
knowledge of me, "A. De Hooges, Secretary.

■'27th July, 1650. Resolved, that Willem Juriaensen
shall be conveyed on board of Rutger Jacobsen, and then
released, Rutger Jacobsen promising to give him a passage
in his yacht to the Manhattans.''

78 Reformed Frotestant Dutch Church,

REFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH IN
ALBANY.

The establishment of this church in Holland is said to
have been consummated immediately after the decision of
the Synod of Dort, in 1619. The colonists of New Nether-
land brought with them a strong attachment to the doctrines,
worship and government of the church at home, and how-
ever deeply interested in secular pursuits, it is known that
in very good time they took measures to establish among
them the regular ministrations of the gospel. There are no

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 79

records preserved in the church, by which to ascertain the
exact time when it was organized in this part of the colony,
though it is claimed by some to have been coeval with the
first settlement. Dr. Livingston, a noted preacher in the
early part of the present century, says, there were docu-
ments in existence which rendered it certain that a con-
siderable church was organized in New York, as early as
1619, and that records were extant, containing the names of
members in full communion, dated 1622.1 At another time,
speaking of the Albany settlement, he says, "It is very cer-
tain that they had ministers there as early, if not before, any
were at New York.'' Dr. O'Callaghan, on the other hand,
asserts that in 1640 no church or clergyman existed yet in
Rensselaerswyck, although the colony at New Amsterdam
erected a church in 1633 ; but that in 1642 the Rev Johan-
nes Megapolensis came out under the patronage of the
patroon, and arrived on the 11th of August. It is ascertained
by documents preserved in the Van Rensselaer archives,
that the conditions upon which the above named clergyman
accepted the call to Rensselaerswyck, were, a free passage,
and board for himself and family ; an outfit of 300 guilders
(^120), and an annual salary of 1100 guilders ($440), 30
schepels (22J bushels) of wheat, and 2 firkins of butter,
for the first three years ; and if the patroon was satisfied with
his services, he was to receive an additional sum of 200 guil-
ders ($80) per annum, for another term of three years. The
minister's family consisted of himself and wife, and four
children. A house for the domine had been contracted for,
but was not erected when he arrived ; the carpenter of the
colony not being a reliable man, if Commissary Van Curler's
account of him is correct; but a house constructed entirely of

^ Since this was written, Mr. Henry C. Murphy, American minister
to Holland, found there in 1858, a letter written from the "Manhattas
in New Netherland" on the 11 Aug., 1628, by the Rev. Jonas Mi-
chaelius, who is the earliest discovered Dutch Reformed pastor in
this country. It seems strange that no other vestige of his ministry
and residence in New Amsterdam has ever been discovered, and
this singular circumstance goes far to convince us of what has been
conjectured and asserted, that the church was organized much
earlier than can now be ascertained by any documentary evidence
that is known to exist.

80 Beformed Protestant Dutch Church.

oak was purchased on his arrival, for $120. We are led to
infer that the church edifice was, likewise, unprepared for the
use of the minister -, for the commissary wrote to the patroon
that he intended to have one built during the summer, " in
the pine grove," 34 feet long by 19 wide j a building pre-
viously begun not proving satisfactory for the purpose. The
church was clustered in among the other buildings around
Fort Orange, which stood near the river between Denniston
and Lydius streets, and the church yard was in the rear, on
what is now Church street. The furniture of this church
consisted of a pulpit ornamented with a canopy, pews for
the magistrates and the deacons, and nine benches for the con-
gregation ; the expense of all which was $32. A new stoop
was added to the building in the year 1651, and the church
continued to accommodate the faithful till 1656, a period of
thirteen years from the time of its erection. Mr. Megapo-
lensis retired from the colony in 1649, with the intention of
returning to Holland; but he was persuaded to remain at
New Amsterdam, where he still resided when that place was
surrendered to the English, as did also his brother Samuel,
who lent the weight of his influence to prevent the doughty
governor, Stuyvesant, from firing upon the enemy. He died
in 1670.

In 1652 the Rev. Grideon Schaets was sent over to supply
the pulpit at Albany for three years, under a salary of 800
guilders per annum (8320), which was afterwards increased
to 1000, and then to 1300 guilders per annum. He is said
to have been 45 years of age when he arrived in the colony,
and was accompanied by his two sons and daughter. He
retired in 1683, and died 27 Feb. 1694, aged 86.

The Rev. Mr. Niewenhuysen was a colleague of Mr. Schaets
as early as 1671. In the year 1675, the Rev. Nicholas Van
Rensselaer arrived here, and set up a claim not only to the
pulpit, but also to the manor itself ; but failed to obtain either.
The Duke of York recommended him to Sir Edmund An-
dross for a living in one of the churches at New York or
Albany. Suspected of being a papist, Mr. Niewenhuysen dis-
puted his right to administer the sacraments, on the ground
that he was not approved by the Classis of Amsterdam, to
which the Dutch churches here held themselves subordinate.
In this controversy the governor took the part of Mr. Van

JReformed Protesiani Dutch Church, 81

Rensselaer, and summoned Niewenhuysen before him to
answer for his conduct ; but he was so grossly maltreated
and so frequently harassed by fruitless and expensive attend-
ances before the council, that the greater part of the people
resented the usage he met with ; and the magistrates of
Albany, in retaliation, imprisoned Mr. Van Rensselaer for
" several dubious words " uttered in a sermon. The governor
in turn ordered him to be released, and summoned the magis-
trates to attend him at New York, where warrants were issued
to compel them to give security in £5,000 each, to make out
good cause for confining the minister. Leisler, who was
one of them, refused to comply, and was imprisoned. Sir
Edmund, fearful that a great party would rise up against
him, was at last compelled to discontinue his ecclesiastical
jurisdiction, and refer the controversy to the decision of the
consistory of the Dutch church at Albany. It is said that
Mr. Van Rensselaer's popularity with the prince grew out
of his having predicted, while Charles II was in exile, the
day of his restoration ; and it is futhermore related that the
people of Albany held his prophetic pretensions in high
estimation, out of which proceeded many strange tales. The
signature of Mr. Van Rensselaer appears after that of Mr.
Schaets, in the Deacon's book, as pastor ioci, in 1675 and
1676.1 He died Nov., 1678.

A church was erected in 1656, at the intersection of what
was then or afterwards called Jonker's and Handelaer's
streets, now known as State street and Broadway. The
corner stone was laid by Rutger Jacobsen, and the pulpit
and bell, promised to be sent over by the Dutch West India
Company, arrived in due time, and served the congregation
a century and a half.

In 1683, the Rev. Godfredius Dellius arrived, to succeed
Mr. Schaets in the ministry, who was now about 76 years of
age. The Register of Baptisms commences this year, with
the name of Mr. Dellius at the head of the page, and has
been tolerably well kept ever since. At the time Mr. Dellius
arrived in the colony, the church is said to have been very

^ See Historical Collections of Albany, i, 38, 40. For a descrip-
tion of the personal appearance of Dom. Scliaets, see Danlcer's
Journal, 11^, ^11,

82 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

numerous, to which great additions were made by him,
especially among the Mohawk Indians. Unhappily he was
led into extravagant speculations in land, which involved
him in difficulties, and led to his dismissal in 1699, when
he returned to Holland. The history of the domines in
New Netherland exhibits a succession of active labors in an
unpromising and rather uninviting field ; and a series of
private woes and difficulties, which drove several of them
back to the shores of Europe. The flock was widely ex-
tended. Besides the colony of Rensselaerswyck, it embraced
the Mohawk Indians, and the settlements on the river.
There was a considerable ingathering of neophytes from
Kinderhook and more remote places, in all directions.

In 1799, the Rev John Peter Nucella was the officiating
minister ; he seems to have occupied the pulpit as tempo-
rary supply, Mr. Dellius having ten months in which to
procure his reinstatement. On the 20 July, 1700, the Rev.
John Lydius arrived from Holland, and entered upon his
ministry here, which terminated in 1719, his death occurring
1 March. The pulpit seems to have been vacant two years.
The baptismal register has the name of Rev. Grualterus Du
Bois, who resided in New York, in 1710; and that of Rev.
Petrus Yas, in 1711; neither of whom were settled pastors.

In 1712 the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen was called and
continued his ministerial labors until his death, which took
place about the 1st of February, 1738. In the meantime
the church was rebuilt, namely, in 1715, upon the site of
the old one, at the confluence of State with Court and Market
streets, and a patent or charter procured in 1720. The Rev.
Cornelis Van Schie began to officiate as his colleague in 1733 ;
after whose decease, in August, 1744, the Rev. Theodorus
Frelinghuysen occupied the pulpit from 1746 till 1759,
when he abruptly left the church and went to Holland.
The story of this ill-fated divine, as told by Mrs. Grant, ex-
cites our compassion for a worthy, zealous, and high-minded
man. The account of his tragical end is variously told,
and may have had a legendary origin. i

In the latter part of the year 1760, the Rev. Eilardus
Westerlo arrived from Holland, and entered upon the pastoral

^ See Historical Collections, i, S.

Reformed Frotestani Dutch Church, 83

charge. He became one of the most eminent ministers of
the Dutch church in America, and died in 1790, at the
early age of 53, in the thirty-first year of his ministry, greatly
revered and lamented by his people.

During the occupation of New York by the British, the
Rev. Dr. Livingston occasionally assisted Dr. Westerlo, from
1776 to 1779; but v^hen a call was given him in 1780, he
declined its acceptance. A disposition was manifested by
some of the prominent members of the church, twenty years
after, to give him a call to preach to them in the Dutch
language ; but the trustees reluctantly consented, after seve-
ral refusals, to grant a salary for the purpose; and when
they finally acceded to it, the sum was too small, and the
doctor had become too infirm to leave his charge in New
York, if he had entertained the wish to do so.

In 1787 the Rev. John Bassett was associated with Dr.
Westerlo. The church had now become comparatively
wealthy and numerous.^ In 1798, during his ministry, the
congregation having become too large for the dimensions of
their ancient church, a new one was completed, in North
Pearl street, and services were held weekly in both places.
About this time serious difi'erences arose between Mr. Bassett
and his consistory, which led to his withdrawal from the
church in 1804. He removed to the Boght, and afterwards
to Bushwick, Long Island, where he died in 1820.

The Rev. John B. Johnson became the colleague of Dr.
Bassett in 1796, and continued here until 1802, when he
withdrew, and removed to Brooklyn. He died at Newtown,
Long Island, on the 29th August, 1803. [n consequence
of impaired health he had withdrawn from the cares of a
large congregation, and accepted a call where less exertion
was required ; but his disease was too deeply rooted, and the
change proved ineff'ectual to his relief. After the death of

^ The church was full long before this time. As early as 1753
galleries were erected on the west and south sides to accomniodate
males. Previous to that, there were sittings for 611 women, and
79 men, tlie latter occupying the bench around tlie wall. When
the galleries were completed, the male portion of the congregation
nimibered 209. From time to time seats had been gained by extend-
ing the benches into the aisles, until the sittings on the ground -floor
and gallery numbered 820. This was before 1770.

84

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

his wife, who left him in April with three infant children, he
rapidly declined. He was distin^'uished by abilities which
marked him for extensive usefulness, and his mind was im-
proved by a liberal education and indefatigable study. He
enjoyed great popularityf^jsvith his people, and during his
ministry very gratifying accessions were made to the church.
The two ministers preached alternately in the old and new
churches.

By the removal of Mr. Bassettin 1804, the church was left
without a pastor. At this juncture, a meeting of the great
consistory was called for the purpose of deliberating upon the
concerns of the church, and to decide upon the call of a pastor.
This body was composed of the acting board, and the sur-
viving members of all former boards of consistory, and met on
the 27th of May, 1805. The following members attended :

John Veeder,
John N. Bleecker,
John B. Bradt,
John H. Wendell,
John D. P. Douw,

Pruyn,

Henry Truax,
Douw Fonda,
Gerrit Quackenbush,
Killian J. Winne,
Sol'n Van Rensselaer,
Harmanus P. Schuyler,
Anthony Van Santvoort,
Jacob Ten Eyck,i
Leonard Gansevoort,
Gerrit Groesbeeck,
Henry Quackenbush,
Henry Staats,
Isaac Truax,
John Gates,
Gerrit A. Lansing,
Peter Lansing,
Joachim Staats,
James Bleecker,

Elbert Willett,
John J. Bleecker,
Cor's Van Schelluyne,
Philip P. Schuyler,
Cornells Van Vechten,
William Staats,
Abraham Schuyler,
John P. Quackenboss,
K. K. Van Rensselaer,
Jacob Bleecker, Jr.,
Teunis Ts. Van Vechten,
Harmanus A. Wendell,
Henry Van Woert,
Casparus Pruyn,
Gerardus Lansing,
Jacob J. Lansing,
Cornelius Groesbeeck,
Richard Lush,
Sanders Lansing,
Isaac Bogert,
Jacob Van Loon,
Volkert S. Veeder,
Peter E. Elmendorf,
Abraham Ten Eyck.

^ This was the last survivor of this consistory. He died 36 July,
1863, aged 91.

Beformed Protestant Dutch Church. 85

In the absence of any pastor, Mr. Peter Dox had presided
over the meetings of the board for a long time. They
determined to call the Rev. John M. Bradford, under a salary
ofS1500. He was to be required to preach but once on
each sabbath during the first year, and his salary was to be
increased $250 in the event of his marriage. The Rev. Mr.
Linn, who had been an occasional preacher here several
years, was also engaged to preach once on each sabbath. He
died 8 Jan., 1808, aged 55. Mr. Bradford was ordained and
installed pastor of the church on the 11th of August, 1805.

The project of another new church began to be agitated
early in 1799, to be located upon the ancient church yard,
where it was subsequently built. In 1805, the ground occu-
pied by the old church at the foot of State street, was sold
to the city corporation, for $5,000, and in the spring of the
following year it was taken down, and the materials used in
the construction of the church on Beaver street. A great
deal of interest still attaches to this venerable edifice, and
its demolition was viewed with painful emotions by many of
the old people, who had been so long accustomed to worship
there. It had served the purposes of the congregation nearly
a century, and was invested with an unusual religious affection
and veneration; the march of improvement has seldom over-
turned a nobler structure. The site had been selected for
the church just a century and a half previous. The one
erected in 1643 had before 1656 become inadequate to the
accommodation of the community, and it had been determined
in the course of the preceding year to erect a new building.
To assist this good work the patroon and codirectors sub-
scribed 1000 guilders, or $400, and 1500 guilders were
appropriated from the fines imposed by the court at Fort
Orange. In the early part of the summer, Rutger Jacobsen,
one of the magistrates, laid the corner stone of the sacred
edifice, in presence of the authorities, both of the town and
colonic, and of the assembled inhabitants. A temporary
pulpit was, at first, erected for the use of the minister, but
the settlers subscribed twenty-five beavers to purchase a
more splendid one in Holland. The chamber at Amsterdam
added seventy-five guilders to this sum, for " the beavers
were greatly damaged;" and " with a view to inspire the coa-

8

86 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

gregation with more ardent zeal," presented them the next
year with a bell " to adorn their newly constructed little
church." 1 A fragment of this bell is still preserved, it is
said, in one of the churches, bearing the inscription, "Anno
1601." And when in 1715, the original structure was
beginning to decay, and the congregation becoming too
numerous for its dimensions, the foundations of a new one
were laid around it, and the walls carried up and enclosed
before the first was taken down, so that the customary services
were interrupted only three sabbaths.- This enlargement
was made in the third year of the ministry of the Rev.
Petrus Van Driessen ; and the ingenuity of the scheme by
which so great a work was accomplished without materially
interrupting the weekly services, seems to have been a sub-
ject of great admiration and universal remark, in all time
since. The edifice which had been constructed in this
extraordinary manner, is correctly delineated in the accom-
panying engraving. It occupied almost the entire width of
State street, and extended into Broadway.

When the church was demolished, very few of the armo-
rial bearings upon its stained windows escaped destruction ; ^
still a few relics were preserved. Among these, is one of
its small windows; also the weather-fane, and one of the bags
in which the contributions were taken. ^ But above all, the

^ History of New Netherland, ii, 307.

"^ Elizabeth Vinhagel, afterwards wife of Jonas Oothout, was one
of the children baptized on the 30 Oct., 1715, when the church was
first opened for that purpose. — Hist. Coll. i, 57. She was the last
person for whose funeral the bell was tolled, in 1806. The dominie
has recorded that the first baptism in the new edifice was that of
his own son.

^Of these stained windows, but four sashes are known to exist
entire, namely, the Van Kensselaer, the Schuyler, the Wendell, and
the Jacobsen. I had the good fortune to acquire the remnant of
five panes of the sash of Andries Herbertsen, which was claimed by
the late Gerret Gates as belonging to his family, and preserved by
him at the time the church was razed. They were sufficient to
show the whole device with the exception of one pane, and is pictured
in the Historical Collections of Albany, ii, 113.

* Unfortunately some of these have recently disappeared, and are
believed to have been wantonly destroyed or misappropriated.

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

87

old pulpit is still in existence,
and forms a very interesting
relic. It was sent over from
Holland in 1656, and was con-
tinued in the service of the
church 150 years. It is con-
structed of oak, octagonal in
form, about four feet high,
and three feet in diameter.
Although for a long time in a
dismounted state, and rather
off at the hinges, it was other-
wise in a very good state of preservation, and has been
rejuvenated. The accompanying engraving represents it very
accurately as it stood for a time in the attic of the North Dutch

Old Pulpit as becentlt bbstored.

88 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

Church. The bracket is seen in front upon which the
dominie placed the hour glass, when he commenced his
discourse. This pulpit was occupied by a long line of
ministers, whose memory has been so much neglected,
that it has been with great difficulty and labor we have
traced their names and terms of service. The following is
the best account we are able to give of the succession of the
ministry :

1642 to 1649, Rev. Johannes Megapolensis.
1650, Wilhelmus Grasmeer, officiated one year.
1652' to 1690, Rev. Gideon Schaets.i
1671 to 1680, Rev. Wilhelmus Van Niewenhuysen.
1683 to 1699, Rev. Godfredius Dellius.

1699 Rev. Johannes Petrus Nucella.

1700 to 1709, Rev. John Lydius.2

1710 no pastor. Rev. Gualterus Du Bois (occasional).

1711 do Rev. Petrus Vas. ( do. )

1712 to 1738, Rev. Petrus Van Driessen.
1733 to 1744, Rev. Cornells Van Schie.

1746 to 1759, Rev. Theodorus Frielinghuysen.3

1760 to 1790, Rev. Eilardus Westerlo.

1776 to 1779, Rev. John H. Livingston (occasional).

1787 to 1804, Rev. John Bassett.

1796 to 1802, Rev. John B. Johnson.

1805 to 1820, Rev. John M. Bradford.

The minutes of the board of consistory were very imper-
fectly kept previous to the year 1790. The records of the
church wichh we have seen, consist principally of registers
of baptisms and marriages, kept often in a very obscure
manner, in which the elections of church officers are some-
times interpersed. Soon after the above date, however, a

^ Mr. Brodhead says that Dom. Schaets began "his ministry 1647.
But if his ministry was 42 years, and is counted to the time of his
death, it would have begun in 1652, as has been the commonly re-
ceived date of it. He does not seem to have oflaciated after 1683.

^ The term of Mr, Lydius extended only to the close of 1709, old
style, as he died on the 1st March, and the year extended to the 20th
of that month.

' It is ascertained that Dom. Frielinghuysen began his ministry
in 1746 ; his first recorded baptism July 20.

Reformed Frotesiant Dutch Church. 89

new spirit seemed to have animated tlie board, which was
composed of some of the most eminent men of the day.
They entered upon the business of erecting a large church,
surpassing all others in the city ; and among other improve-
ments and regulations which they introduced, they caused
the minutes of the board, as far as they had been kept, to
be fairly transcribed, and insisted upon their being properly
and fully noted. Since then their transactions have beea
very well preserved.

We have traced the history of this church, one of the
oldest in the United States, down to the year 1805, when
a new era begins. The church now consists of three con-
gregations, an account of which is deferred to a future time.

Call op the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis.
Whereas, by the state of the navigation in the East and
West Indies, a door is opened through the special providence
of God, also in New Netherland, for the preaching of the gos-
pel of Jesus Christ, for the salvation of men, as good fruits
have been already witnessed there, through God's mercy;
and whereas the brethren of the Classis of Amsterdam have
been notified that Mr. Kiliaen Van Rensselser hath within
the said limits in the North River, as patroon or lord, founded
a colony named Rensselaerswyck, and would fain have the
same provided with a good, honest, and pure preacher ; there-
fore they have observed and fixed their eyes, on the reverend,
pious and well-learned Dr. Joannes Megapolensis, junior, a
faithful servant of the gospel of the Lord, in the congregation
of Schorel and Berg, under the Classis of Alkmaar, whom ye
have also called, after they had spoken with the said lord, Mr.
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, in the same manner as they, with his
honor's approbation, do hereby call him to be sent to New
Netherland, there to preach God's word in the said colony, to
administer the holy sacraments of baptism and the Lord's
supper; to set an example to the congregation, in a Christian-
like manner, by public precept; to ordain elders and deacons
according to the form of the holy apostle Paul, 1 Tim., iii.,
1; moreover to keep and govern, with the advice and
assistance of the same, God's congregation in good discipline
and order, all according to God's holy word, and in conformity
with the government, confession and catechism of th«

90 Beformed Protestant Dutch Church.

Netherland churches and the synodal acts of Dordrecht, sub-
scribed by him to this end, with his own hand, and promised
in the presence of God, at his ordination, requesting hereby
all and every who shall see and read these, to respect our
worthy brother as a lawfully called minister, and him to
esteem by reason of his office, so that he may perform the
duty of the gospel to the advancement of Grod's holy name
and the conversion of many poor blind men. May the
Almighty Grod, who hath called him to this ministry, and
instilled this good zeal in his heart, to proclaim Christ to
Christians and heathens in such distant lands, strengthen
him more and more, in this his undertaking, enrich him
with all sorts of spiritual gifts; and bless overflowingly his
faithful labors; and when the Chief Shepherd, Christ Jesus,
shall appear, present him with the imperishable crown of
eternal glory. Amen. Thus given in our classical assembly
at Amsterdam, this 22d day of March, 1642. Signed in the
name and on behalf of the whole body. Wilhelmus Somerus,
loco praesidis; Zloahar Swalmius, scriba classis ; Jonas
Abeels, elder. Examined and approved by the directors of
the West India Company, Chamber of Amsterdam, 6th June
1642 (signed) Charles Looten, Elias de Raet. Mr. Mega-
polensis embarked in the Houttuyn, and arrived at the
colony in August of 1642. — O'Vallaghan's Hist. N. Neth.,
I, 449.

Agreement Between Dom. Megapolensis and the

Patroon.

The conditions upon which Mr. Megapolensis accepted the
call "to administer and promote divine service in the colonic
for the term of six successive years, according to previous de-
mission from his classis," were as follows: "Firstly, Dr.
Johannes Megapolensis 39 years old, with his wife, Machtelt
Willemsen, aged 42 years, besides his children, flellegond,
Derrick, Jan, and Samuel, aged 14, 12, 10, and 8 years, shall
furnish and provide themselves with clothing, furniture and
other utensils, and these put up in such small and compact
parcels, as can be properly stowed away in the ship. In the
mean time, as his six years and his salary shall commence so
soon as he shall set foot in the aforesaid colonic, the patroon,
in addition to free board for them all in the ship, until they

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 91

reach the colonie, shall over and above make him a present,
for future service, at once, of three hundred guilders, without
deduction. And in case it happen, which the Lord God in
his mercy forbid, that he and his family come to fall in the
hands of the Dunkirkers, the patroon promises to use all
diligence to procure his ransom; to forward him afterwards
on his voyage, according as occasion shall again offer, and
to cause to be paid him during his detention, for the support
of himself and family, forty guilders per month; and also
so much here monthly, after he shall have received his
liberty and orders, and shall have conveyed him hither,
until he embarks. On his arrival, by God's help, in the
colonie, the patroon shall cause to be shown to him where
he and his shall lodge at first, until a fit dwelling shall be
erected for him. So soon as he shall reach the colonie, his
hereafter-mentioned salary shall commence, and his board and
wages cease, and the patroon be discharged therefrom.
Which salary, in order that he and his family shall be able
honorably to maintain themselves, and not be necessitated
to have recourse to any other means, whether tilling the
land, commerce, rearing of cattle, or such like; but by the
diligent performance of his duties, for the edifying improve-
ment of the inhabitants and Indians, without being indebted
to any person, which he also acknowledges to observe;
wherefore the patroon promises to cause to be paid to him
for the first three years' salary, meat, drink, and whatever
else he may claim in that regard, one thousand, or ten hundred
guilders yearly, one half here in this country, the remaining
half in proper account there, according as he requires it, in
provisions, clothing, and such like, at the ordinary and ac-
customed prices; and a further yearly addition of thirty
schepels of wheat — I say thirty schepels — and two firkins
of butter, or in place thereof, sixty guilders in money's worth.
Should the patroon be satisfied with his service, he shall give
him yearly, the three following years, an increase of two
hundred guilders. In case of decease within the aforesaid
six years, at which time the salary shall cease, the patroon
shall pay to his widow, besides the supplement of the half
year in which he shall have entered, a yearly sum of one
hundred guilders, until the expiration of the aforesaid six
years. He shall, besides, befriend and serve the patroon,

92 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

in all things wherein lie can do so without interfering with
or impeding his duties. The aforesaid Johannes Megapo-
lensis having also promised to comport himself in the said
colonie as a loyal subject and inhabitant thereof, the above
named patroon, on his side, also promises, for him and his
successors, to perform and execute what is hereinbefore set
forth, and to furnish him with due acte and commission,
sealed with the seal of the patroon and the colonie; and in
acknowledgment of the truth, without fraud, guile, or deceit,
has this writing been signed by both sides. In Amsterdam,
this 6th of March, 1642."— 76 iV/., i, 448.

The First Church.

In commissary Van Curler's letter to the patroon, dated
June 16, 1643, he says: "As for the church, it is not yet
contracted for, nor even begun. I had written last year to
your honor, that I had a building almost ready, namely, the
covenanted work, which would have been for Dom. Megapo-
lensis; and this house was not agreeable to the taste of Dom.
Johannes; in other respects it was altogether suitable for
him, so that I have laid it aside. That which I intend to
build this summer in the pine grove (in het greynen bosch),
will be 34 feet long by 19 feet wide. It will be large enough
for the first three or four years, to preach in, and can after-
wards always serve for the residence of the sexton, or for a
aokooV— Ibid., i, 459.

The Church Treasury.

It appears that in 1647, the church was rich enough to
loan money to the patroon, as will be seen by the following
note of hand to the deaconry : I, the undersigned, Anthonie
de Hooges, have, on the part of the noble patroon of the
colonie of Rensselaerswyck, borrowed from the diaconie of
the aforesaid place, for the term of one year, to be repaid
in cash, at the option of the lenders, with ten per cent interest
per annum, the sum of three hundred guilders in seawan,
whereof one hundred and twenty is in ordinary seawan,
promising thankfully to produce at the aforesaid time, in
stated specie aforesaid, to the diaconie of the aforesaid place.
In testimony whereof, have I subscribed this acte with mine
own hand. Actum R. Wyck, 9th May, lQi7."— Ibid., i, 471.

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 93

The church collections were taken up ostensibly for the
support of the poor ; and it is true that the church maintained
a poor house, the disbursements for which during many years
may be be found in the first volume of my Historical Collec-
tions of Albany. But the accumulations were so much beyond
the necessities of the object, that there was at one time up-
wards of 13,000 guilders in the treasury, and it was used to
build the church and parsonage.

The Rev Gideon Schaats,

The second clergyman in Albany, was born in 1607. He was
originally engaged as minister of the colonic of Rensselaers-
wyck, but in 1657, he was appointed " at the request of the
inhabitants of Fort Orange and Beverwyck," minister of the
latter place, at a salary of 1200 guilders, " to be collected
for the greatest part from the inhabitants.^^ The following
is a contract under which he first came to this country : " We,
Johan Van Rensselaer, patroon, and codirectors of the colo-
nic Rensselaerswyck in New Netherland, having seen and
examined the actes granted by the venerable Classis of
Amsterdam to Dominie Gideon Schaats, so have we invited
and accepted the said Gideon Schaats as preacher in our
aforesaid colonic, there to perform divine service in quality
aforesaid. To use all Christian zeal there to bring up both
the heathens and their children in the Christian religion.
To teach also the Catechism there, and instruct the people
in the holy scriptures, and to pay attention to the office of
schoolmaster for old and young. And further to do every-
thing fitting and becoming a public, honest and holy teacher,
for the advancement of divine service and church exercise
among the young and old. And, in case his reverence
should take any of the heathen children there to board and to
educate, he shall be indemnified therefor as the commissioners
there shall think proper. And he is accepted and engaged
for the period of three years, commencing when his rever-
ence shall have arrived thither in the Colonic Rensselaers-
wyck, in the ship the Flower of Gelder, his passage and
board being free; and he shall enjoy for his salary, yearly,
the sum of eight hundred guilders, which shall be paid to
his reverence there through the patroon's and codirectors^
commissioners; and in case of prolongation, the salary and

94 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church

allowance shall be increased in such manner as the parties
there shall mutually agree upon. And as a donation, and
in confirmation of this reciprocal engagement, one hundred
guilders are now presented to the dominie. And in addi-
tion the sum of three hundred guilders to be deducted from
the first earned wages in the colonie, which moneys he doth
hereby acknowledge to have received, acquitting thereof the
patroon and codirectors. Finally, should the dominie re-
quire any money to the amount of one hundred guilders, to
be paid yearly here, and to be deducted there, the said pay-
ment, on advice from the commissaries there, shall be made
here, to the order of the aforesaid dominie. Whereupon, the
call, acceptance, and agreement are concluded, each promising
on his side, with God's help, to observe and follow the same,
which each has promised, and in testimony thereof have both
signed this. In Amsterdam, this eighth of May, XVI hun-
dred two and fifty." Was signed Johan Van Rensselaer, Tous-
eaint Mussart, for the codirectors, Gideon Schaats called
minister to Rensselaerswyck. — Ihid.^ ii, 567.

Mr. Schaats's Children.

The Rev. Mr. Schaats had three children, two sons and
one daughter. Reynier, the oldest, removed to Schenec-
tady, where he was killed, with his son, at the great massacre,
Feb 10, 1690. Bartolomeus the second, passed over to Hol-
land, 1670, but returned and settled as a silversmith in New
York, where he died about 1720, having a son, Reynier, from
whom are descended all of the name now in this country.
Anneke S., the daughter, married Thomas Davitse Kikebell,*
of New York. She was by no means a favorite with some
of the female portion of her father's congregation, who
carried their feelings so far, at one time, as to object to
approach the Lord's supper in her company. Her father re-
sented this. Indeed, already female gossip had been caught
busy at a tea party with even the dominie's character ; a prose-
cution for slander ensued, and the parties had to pay heavy
damages. Out of this probably arose the ill-will towards the
daughter, who was sent by the magistrates to her husband at
New York. The dominie in consequence, resigned his charge
over the church, after having preached a sermon on 2 Peter, i,
12-15. He was, however, reconciled to his flock, and Anneke

Saratoga.

THE DELLIUS GRANT OF 1696.

This Grant was bounded west by the Hudson, north and south by dotted
lines, and east by dotted lines and Wood Creek. The shaded part represents
the Grant in two parcels as erroneously claimed by Jjuane.—Hairs Hist.
Vermont, p. 490.

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 95

returned to her father, by whom she seems to have been
much loved/' — Ihid.^ ii, 568.

DoM. Dellius Deposed.

When the Earl of Bellomont arrived as governor of the
province, in 1688, Mr. Dellius was despatched in company
with Capt, John Schuyler, to Canada, to convey the account
of the peace of Ryswick, and to solicit a mutual interchange
of prisoners. The dominie allowed his Indian agency to
involve him in serious difficulties. The Assembly of 1699
took into consideration sundry extravagant grants of land
which had been made by Col. Fletcher to several of his
favorites. Among these were two grants to Mr. Dellius,
who was accused of having fraudulently obtained the deeds,
according to which the patents had been granted. One of
these, dated Sept. 3, 1696, under the seal of the province,
was made by Col. Fletcher for u tract of land " lying upon
the east side of the Hudson river, between the northermost
bounds of Saraghtoga and the Rock Rossian,'' containing
about 70 miles in length, and 12 miles broad, subject to
a yearly rent "of one raccoon skin ! Another grant was made
to a Dominie Dellius, William Pinchon and Evert Banker,
dated July 30, 1697, for " a tract on the Mohawk river, 50
miles in length, and two miles on each side of the river, as
it runs," subject to an annual rent of one beaver skin for the
first seven years, and five yearly forever thereafter. On the
12th May, 1699, the Assembly resolved that, " It having
appeared before the house of representatives convened in
general assembly, that Mr. Godfrey Dellius has been a prin-
cipal instrument in deluding the Maquaas Indians, and
illegal and surreptitious obtaining of said grants, that he
ought to be and is hereby suspended from the exercises of
his ministerial function in the city and county of Albany.""

The Church Records.

The book of baptisms and marriages commenced by Mr.
Dellius in 1683, and continued to the present day, has been
of great service to many, who from various motives have
sought to trace their ancestry, and toothers who have resorted
to it for the purpose of perfecting papers to obtain pensions ;
but above all, the heirs of Anneke Janse are there enabled

96 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

to make out tlieir parentage, and get it established by the
certificate of the church master; which having obtained
they carefully deposit it in a capacious wallet, with as much
satisfaction apparently, as if they had overcome a great obsta-
cle, and were actually pocketing Trinity church itself. The
resort to the books for the above and similar purposes during
many years was so great, that they became a good deal defaced.
In order to the entire preservation of so valuable a record,
two large folio volumes were procured, into which a41 the
names were copied in a fair and legible hand. Posterity is
indebted for this laborious performance to the industry of
Dr. John H. Trotter, who, with the zeal and perseverance
of a Dutch commentator, gave up his leisure hours for many
months to the arduous task of decyphering and transcribing
several hundred pages of Dutch and Indian names, many of
them almost unintelligible. The baptisms during the minis-
try of Dom. Dellius, embracing about sixteen years, were
more than 1100. Among these, Indians names frequently
occur. The whole number of baptisms on record is about
14,000. The first baptisms under the successor of Mr. Dellius,
who was Dom. Nucella, bear date Sept. 3, 16t)9. In 1701,
baptisms seem to have been made of a considerable number
of persons belonging to Kinderhook, and in 1707 and 1708,
at Esopus (Kingston). On the 23d and 30th xipril, 1710,
61 baptisms are entered by Mr. Gualterus DuBois. In 1711,
the following baptisms were made by Rev. Petrus Vas, who
was a settled pastor at Kingston: March 4th, 14; 11th,
7; Oct. 7th, 16; 12th, 2; 14th, 8; 20th, 3. Also in 1712,
by the same, Feb. 10th, 15; 17th, 5. On the 20th April,
1712, the first entry is made by Rev. Petrus Van Driesseu,
of 29 baptisms.

Prof. Jonathan Pearson, who has a most perfect knowledge
of the names of the early Dutch citizens of this region, and
their true orthography, has made a new transcript of the old
record of baptisms and marriages, which it is contemplated
to publish entire in a future volume of the Collections on the
History of Albany, and the defective list of a portion which
was given in the first edition of this volume of the Annals
is therefore omitted. These names were copied by the best
light that could then be brought to bear upon them, and
printed with as much accuracy as could be expected in the

\

Key. GUALTERUS DU BOIS.

Beformed Protestant Dutch Church 97

infancy of similar researches. Still it is proposed not only
to improve upon the former list, but to group them in fami-
lies, and to present all the baptisms down to 1800 ; giving
surnames to many which have been omitted in the original,
as was so frequently the practice of the time.

Patent of the Church Pasture.

As this is an older document than the charter of the
church itself, and as the Pasture has always been a promi-
nent land-mark, the following papers on the subject will
claim a place here. The report of Robert Livingston throws
much light on its early history, before the patent was
acquired by Dominie Dellius for this church, and seems to
have been written after the patent was obtained of Gov.
DoDgan, by the demand of Gov. Sloughter, as follows :

In pursuance to his Excell. Coll. Henry Slaughter, Capt,
Gen''e and Govern'r i^ Chief's command, I have eMclevored to
inform myself about y^ pasture and doe make the following
report : —

That ye s^^ grounds lyeing and adjoyning to y^ old fort
did first belong to the Colony of Renselaerwyck, but being
so near ye fort, then in possession of ye West India Com'y :
Then Gov Petrus Stuyvesant incorporated ye same, and took
possession of as much grounde south and north and west from
ye fort as a great gunn could shoot a bullet, and there erected
a post above and below s-^ fort, as a land marke, this was
done ao 1652. It was possessed by a Dutchman called Tho.
Janse 39 year agoe, and mannured to a cornfield, ye s'^ man
lived and was quietly possessed all ye time of ye Dutch go-
vernment and part of ye English government from ye year
1664, when Coll. Nicolls received this Province for ye crowne
of England, and sent Capt. Manning up to be Commanded
at Albany, who never disturb ye s^^ Tho. Janse, only ye s^i
Thomas wintered out a cow for s^ Commander as an acknow-
ledgment, bu/^ye year after Capt. Baker came up Command^,
who made ye s'l Tho. Janse verry uneasy and disturbed
them greviously, broke down ye fence and let ye cattle goe
in his corn, whereupon ye s'l Tho. Janse complained to Coll.
Nicolls ye Gov when he came up to Albany, who repre-
hended ye s*i Capt. Baker, and gave ye ^d. Tho. Janse a

9

98 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

note under his hand yi he should peaceably possess ye s*^ land
during his natura?/^ life, who enjoyed y^ same till his death,
ao 1668. Nota. The said Tho. Janse did not enjoy the
whole pasture so as it lyes in it circumference and fence, now
for divers had gardins, lotts and orchards in ye same and
patents from Col. Nicolls for it, y* which ye said Tho. Janse
possessed did begin at ye ditch and so southward only in y®
southermost pasture, a peece along ye river belonged to 2
private men, Yolkert Janse and Jan Thomase.

As soon as ye s^^ Tho. Janse dyed, Capt. Baker forthwith
took possession of all ye pasture, as well as those people's lotts
whose houses and /ewces were drove away with ye use in ye
year 1666 as ye op*" part possessed by Tho. Janse and lett
out ye same to his advantage till Capt. Salisbury came up
Command!", who continued in possession of ye same till
Binker and Evertse with a fleet took ye country and put in
Antho Colvin Grov^ for ye States of Holland, who sent up
Capt. Drayer to be Command ■", ye s^' Drayer granted ye
afores*^ to ye troopers for their horses to feed there and to be
ready on all occasions for ye country's service. This con-
tinued till ye arrivale of S^ Ed™^ Andros who sent up Capt.
Scnapton to be Commander, who took possession and lett
out ye same and so successively when he was relieved by Maj.
Brockholes, Salisbury, Baxter, all of them received the benefit
of ye same, except one year y^ S"" Edm^ Andros received the
same as I am informed and gave ye King credit for ye same :
this continued till a" 1686, when Coll. Dongan, then Gov^
for a valuable consideration granted ye s*^! pasture to ye City
of Albany in their charter, who forthwith convened those
people yt had pretences in ye same, and B.ggreed and com-
pounded with most of y"^ so y^ they were satisfyed, for in
both S^^ Edmund Andros his time and Coll. Dongan's time
ye people dayly came with their patents granted by Coll.
Nicolls and Coll. Lovelace former governrs and demanded
their grant, but had no satisfactory answer.

The City of Albany being involved in sundry debts sold
ye 8^ pasture to Doctor Grodevridus Dellius, ye Minister for
ye behoof of ye Church who are now actually possessed of
ye same, ye rents and profits whereof goes towards ye main-
tenance of y^ old minister.

Heformed Protestant Dutch Church. 99

The said pasture consists of about 50 acres now, but when
it was patented by y^ City there were two swamps in itt full
of trees and brush and water, which by ye church wardens
is cleerd and ditc/ic? so y^ it is much improved.

This is humbly oflFered to your Excell. as my report,

RoBT. Livingston.

Albany, 15 June, 1691.

Patent of Church Pasture.

Thomas Dongan, Captain Grenerll and Governour in Chief
in & over ye Province of New Yorke & Territoryes Depend-
ing thereon in America under his most sacred Majesty James
ye Second by ye Grace of God King of England Scotland
France and Ireland Defender of ye faith &c. To all to whom
this presents shall come sendeth greeting Whereas by vir-
tue of a certaine Deed of Bargaine & Sale from ye Mayor
Alderman & Commonalty of ye citty of Albany bearing Date
ye first day of November in ye third year of his sdid Majes-
tyus Reigne & in ye year of our Lord one thousand six hun-
dred Eighty & Seaven Godfridus Dellius of ye said Citty
Clerk stands seized in his owne Right and to his own use of
an Estate of Inheritance in fee simple of & in a certain Piece
or Parcell of Land commonly called or known by ye Name
of ye Pasture Sxjituate Lyeing and being to the Southard
of ye said Citty neere ye place where ye old Fort stood and
extended along Hudsons River till it comes over against y®
most Northerly Point of ye Island Commonly Called Martin
Garritsons Island haveing to ye east Hudsons River to ye
South ye Manor of Rensselaerswyck to ye West ye highway
Leading to ye towne ye Pasture late in ye tenure and occupa-
con of Martin Garrittse & ye Pasture late in ye tenure and
occupacon of Caspf Jacobs to ye North ye several pastures
late in ye tenure & occupacion of Robert Sanders Myndart
Harmanse & Evert Wendell & y® several Gardens late in y®
tenure & occupacon of Dirick Wessels Killian Van Renslaer
& Abraham States togecher with all and singular ye Profits
Commodityes & Apputences whatsoever to the said Pasture
Piece or Parcell Land & Premissess or any part or parcell
thereof belonging or in any wise Appurtaineing or to or with
ye same now or at anytime heretofore belonging or used Occu-
pied or Enjoyed as Part or Parcell or Member thereof &

100 Beformed Protestant Dutch Church.

whereas ye said Goodfridus Dellius has made his request unto
me yi I would on ye behalfe of his Majesty grant & confirm
unto him ye said Goodfridus Dellius his Heirs and Assigns
ye before menconed Pasture Piece or Parcel of Land & Pre-
misses with ye Appurtences. Know yee yt by virtue of my
Commission & Authority ^rom his most sacred Majesty &
Power in me being and Residing in Consideracon of y^
Acquit Rent or Chiefe Rent herein after Reserved and other
Good & Lawful Consideratons me thereunto moving I have
Given Granted & confirmed and by these presents Do here-
by Give Grant & Confirm unto ye said Godfridus Dellius his
Heirs & Assigns forever all y^ ye before Recited Pasture
Piece or Parcell of Land & Premissess with all and every ye
Hereditaments & Appurtenances to have and hold all y^ ye said
Pasture Piece or Parcel of Land and Premissess with all &
singular ye Herditaments and appurtenances to ye said God-
fridus Dellius his heirs & Assigns forever to ye only Proper
use and behoofe of him ye said Godfridus Dellius his Heirs and
Assigns forever to bee holden of his most sacred Majesty his
Heirs and Successors in free and Comon Soccage According
to ye tenure of East Greenwich in ye county of Kent in his
Majestys Realm of England Yielding Rendering and Paying
therefore Yearly and every Yeare to his said Majesty his
Heirs and Successors forever as a Quitt Rent one shilling Good
and Lawfull Mony of this Province att Albany to be paid to
such officer or officers as from time to time shall be empowered
to Receive the same in Leew & Stead of all Services Dues and
Demands whatsoever in testimony whereof I have Signed
these Presents with my hand Writing Caused ye same to be
recorded in ye Secretary's Office & ye Scale of this his Ma-
jestey's Province to be hereunto affixed this thirtieth Day of
of July in ye fourth yeare of his Mamies Reigne and in ye
Yeare our Lord 1688.

Thomas Donqan.

May itt please yo^ Excy the Attorney General has Perused
this Grant & finds nothing therein contained Prejudicial! to
his Majestyes Interest.

Exxd July ye 30 : 1688

W. NiCOLLS.

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 101

Sale of the Pasture.

In 1791 the consistory directed " the ground commonly
distinguished as the church pasture," to be laid out into lots.
They lay on the " west side of Court street, leading from
the ferry to the town." At this time a gate swung across
the way a little above Lydius street, and a common road from
thence to the ferry lay along the bank of the river through
the pasture. Although the names of some of the streets in
that region have been changed within a few years, several
of them still bear the names of the ministers. The area
which they intersect was once the property of the church,
and when sold produced less than a hundred dollars a lot.
These have since been filled in to a considerable extent and
rendered valuable. There were comparatively but few lots
built upon south of Lydius street, between Pearl and Broad-
way, so late as twenty years ago, though now teeming with
a dense population.

Act of Incorporation.

George by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France
and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c., to all to whom these
presents shall come or may concern, sendeth greeting:
Whereas our loving subjects the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen,
Johannes Cuyler, Johannes Rooseboom, Henrych Van
Rensselaer, William Jacobse Van Deusen, Rutgert Bleecker,
Volkert Van Veghten, Myndert Roseboom and Dirck Tien-
broock, the present ministers, elders and deacons of the
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany,
in our province of New York, by their humble petition
presented to our trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter
Schuyler, president of our council for our province of New
York, in council have set forth that the inhabitants of Albany,
descended of Dutch ancestors, have from the first settlement
of this province by Christians, hitherto held, used and en-
joyed the free and undisturbed exercise of their religion
and worship in the Dutch language, after the manner of the
established Reformed Protestant religion in Holland, accord-
ing to the common rules, institutions and church government
of the national synod of Dort, in Holland, in the year of our
Lord Christ one thousand six hundred and eighteen, and

102 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

one thousand six hundred and nineteen. And that the said
minister, elders and deacons, and their ancestors and predeces-
sors, at their own charge and expense, erected, built and
hitherto maintained a church within the city of Albany
aforesaid, and have dedicated the same to the service and
worship of Almighty God, situate, lying and being in the
high street commonly called Yonkers street, nigh the bridge
in the city of Albany, containing in length on the south side
thereof seven rod, three foot four inches ; on the north
side seven rod, three foot jne inch, Ryland measure, and in
breadth on the east and west ends, sixty-one foot and five
inches, wood measure. And are now not only quietly and
peaceably seized and possessed of their said church, but are
likewise seized of sundry other demesnes to and for their
sole and only proper use and behoof of their said church
and congregation, that is to say, one certain messuage or
tenement and lot of ground in the aforesaid city of Albany
commonly called the Dutch minister's house, situate, lying
and being in the Brewer's street, on the east side thereof, in
the third ward of the said city, being in front from the south-
ward to the northward five rod ten inches, and behind toward
Hudson's river, six rod fifteen inches, Ryland measure, and
in length from the said street to the city stockadoes, bounded
on the south side by Jan Solomons, and on the north side
by that of the late Hans Hendrycks and the widow of David
Schuyler. Also one other certain messuage or tenement
and lot of ground, situate, lying and being in the city afore-
said commonly called poor house or alms house, in the first
ward of the said city, bounded on the south by the high
street that leads to the burying place to the north of Rutten
kill, and to the east of Harman Rutgers, and to the west by
the lot of Garryt Bancker, containing in breadth towards
the street that leads to the Lutheran church by the said
Rutten kill, six rod one foot and the like breadth in the rear,
and in length on the east side, eight rod and two inches, all
Ryland measure. Also that certain parcel of land commonly
called and known by the name of the pasture, situate, lying,
and being to the southward of the city of Albany, near the
place where the old fort stood, extending along Hudson's
river, till it comes over against the most northerly point of
the island commonly called Marten Gerrytsen'^s island, having

Beformed Prctesiant Dutch Church. 103

to the east Hudson^s river, to the south the manor of Rens-
selaerswyck, to the west the highway that leads to the city
aforesaid, the pastures now or late in the tenure and occupa-
tion of Martin Gerry tsen, and the pasture now or late in the
tenure or occupation of Casper Jacobs, to the north the several
pastures late in the tenure and occupation of Robert Saunders,
Myndert Harmans and Evert Wendell, and the several
gardens late in the occupation of Dirck Wessells, Killian
Van Rensselaer and Abraham Staats, together with the old
highway from Bever kill to the end of Schermerhorn's pasture,
adjoining to the skme on the west side thereof- Also that
certain parcel of pasture land situate, lying, and being to the
southward of the said city, and to the westward of the before
mentioned pasture, near and about the limits of the said city
on the manor of Rensselaerswyck, containing in breadth along
the wagon way, six and twenty rod, and in length towards the
woods, eight and twenty rod, and in breadth towards the
woods twenty five rod. And also all that certain garden lot
of ground situate, lying, and being in the great pasture, con-
taining in the breadth six rod and five foot, and in length
eight rod and two foot, and stretching backwards with another
small lot of three rod and two foot in length, and in breadth
one rod and two foot Ryland measure; praying that they
may by charter or patent under the great seal of the province
of New York, be incorporated and made one body politic in
fact and name, and that they and their successors forever
hereafter, may not only be enabled to use, exercise and en-
joy their aforesaid privileges, and the free use and exercise
of their said religion and worship in manner aforesaid, by
the name and style of the ministers, elders and deacons of
the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany,
with such other liberties and privileges as have been formerly
granted to other Reformed Protestant Dutch churches within
the province of New York, with variations, additions and
commissions, as long usage and experience has taught them
to be most agreeable to their well being and circumstances,
but also the grant and confirmation of all those their said
inheritances and demesnes, to hold to them, the said minister,
elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church
in the city of Albany, and to their successors and assigns
for ever. We being willing to encourage and promote the

104 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

said pious intentions and the free use and exercise of their
said reformed protestant religion, to the same congregation
and their successors for ever, in the said city of Albany,
know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and
meer motion, we have given, granted, ratified, and confirmed,
and do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors
for ever, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto all the inha-
bitants of Albany, so as aforesaid descended of Dutch ancestors,
and professing the said reformed protestant religion, and to
their successors for ever, the free use and exercise of their
worship, doctrine, discipline and church government, accord-
ing to the canons, rules, institutions and directions of the
Reformed Protestant Dutch 'Church in Holland, instituted
and approved by the National Synod of Dort, and that no
person nor persons whatsoever in communion of the said
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany aforesaid, or
at any time or times hereafter, shall be molested, disquieted,
or disturbed in the free use and exercise of their said religion
and worship, they behaving themselves peaceably, and not
abusing this liberty to licentiousness, profaneness, and the
civil injury or outward disturbance of the National Church
of England, as by law established, or other reformed protestant
churches in the aforesaid city of Albany, And to the end
the same liberties and privileges be hereafter for ever sup-
ported, maintained, and continued to them and their successors
for ever, we of our especial grace, certain knowledge and
meer motion, do likewise will and grant for us, our heirs and
successors for ever, unto the same Petrus Van Driessen, the
present minister of the same congregation at Albany, Johan-
nes Roseboom, Henryck Van Rensselaer, and William Jacobse
Van Deusen, the present elders of the same church, and unto
RutgertBleecker, VolkertVan Veghten, Myndert Roseboom,
and Dirk Tienbroock, the present deacons of the same church,
and the inhabitants of Albany communicants of the said
church, that they be as they are hereby created and made one
body corporate and politick in fact and name, by the name of
the minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant
Dutch Church in the city of Albany, and that they
and their successors for ever, shall and may by that name
have perpetual succession, and be able and capable in the
jaw to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, answer

JReformed Protestant Dutch Church. 105

and be answered unto, defend and be defended, in all
and singular suits, quarrels_, controversies, differences, strifes,
matters and things whatsoever, and in all courts whatso-
ever, either in law or equity, of what kind soever, as al o by
the same name, to have, hold, take, receive, be seized of,
possess and enjoy to them and their successors for ever their
said church, parsonage or minister's dwelling-house, alms-
house, and other their demesnes or inheritances, by fee simple,
before mentioned, and such other demesnes or inheritances to
purchase and acquire to them and their successors and assigns
for ever, and by the same name, the same lands, hereditaments
and appurtenances, or any part of them (excepting only the
same church); to alienate, bargain, sell, grant, demise, sell
and to farm let to any other person, or persons, body corpo-
rate and politic, whatsoever at their will and pleasure, in fee
simple for life, or lives, or for term of years, as to them shall
seem most convenient and profitable, as any other person or
persons, body corporate or politic, may or can do, not exceed-
ing the yearly value of three hundred pounds over and above
what they now stand seized and possessed, or for the common
use and benefit of the same Dutch Church and of all the
members of the same congregation. And we do further will
and grant that the minister, elders and deacons of the same
church, for the time being, for ever hereafter, be the con-
sistory of the same church, and shall and may have, keep and
use a common seal to serve for all grants, matters and things,
whatsoever belonging to the same corporation, with such
device or contrivance thereon as they or their successors for
ever shall think fit to appoint, with full power to break, new
make and alter the same at their will and discretion; and the
same consistory shall have and enjoy the like powers and
privileges as a Dutch consistory in the Reformed Protestant
Dutch church in Holland do, or may or ought to use and
enjoy. And we do will and grant that the same Petrus Van
Driessen be the first minister of the said church at the time
of this our grant, and the same Johannes Cuyler, Johannes
Roseboom, Henryck Van Rensselaer, and William Jacobse
Van Deusen, be the first elders of the said church at the
time of this our grant; and that the same Rutgert Bleecker,
Volkert Van Veghten, Myndert Roseboom, and Dirk Tien-
broock, be the first deacons of the said church at the time

106 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

of this our grant, to all intents and purposes ; and that the
said ministers, together with the said four elders and four
deacons, or the minister, elders and deacons for the time
being, and the major numbers of them whereof the minister
for the time being always to be one — be the consistory of the
said church, and have and shall have full power and
authority, at all time and times for ever hereafter, to act in
all their church affairs and business, by majority of voices
in as full and ample manner as if the minister and all the
said four elders and four deacons were personally present
and did actually and severally give their votes. But in case
of the death, absence or removal of their said minister, then,
and in any of these cases, the elders and deacons of the same
church, for the time being, or the major number of them,
whereof the first elder in nomination we will always to be
one, and shall preside, shall have, use and exercise all the
power and authorities of a consistory to all intents and pur-
poses, and shall manage and order the church affairs in as
full and ample manner as if their said minister were alive,
present and consenting thereunto, any thing in these presents
to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. And
we will and grant that the same elders and deacons con-
tinue in their respective ofl&ces until the next anniversary
election. And the said elders and their successors, for ever
hereafter, have and shall have the full power and authority
of receiving and paying the moneys given for the maintenance
of the minister or ministry of the same church, whether the
same arise by legacy, donation or voluntary contributions or
collection from the inhabitants or members of the same con-
gregation, and are to keep exact and true accounts to the
consistory, when thereunto by them required. And that the
said deacons and their successors for ever hereafter, have and
shall have the sole power and authority of receiving and
paying all the moneys collected and offered at the adminis-
tration of the Holy Sacrament of our Lord's Supper, and in
church in the times of divine service of preaching, for the
maintenance of the poor, and are to keep and render exact
and true accounts thereof to the consistory aforesaid, when
thereunto by them required, which election of the same
elders and deacons of the same church is to be at Albany on
every second Saturday of 'December, annually, forever, by

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 107

majority of voices, of the consistory, iu the manner following:
That is to say, on each second Saturday of December, annu-
ally for ever at Albany, shall be chosen two new elders and
two new deacons, who, together with the two elders and two
deacons last in nomination in this our charter, shall serve
for the year ensuing in their respective ofl&ces, and for ever
thereafter, the two new ones shall be chosen and added to
the younger two elders and deacons of the preceding year, so
always as to preserve the numbers of four elders and four
deacons of the said church. And moreover we do will and
grant unto the said minister, elders and deacons of the
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany,
and to their successors for ever, that on the second Saturday
of December next, and on every second Saturday of Decem-
ber annually forever hereafter at Albany, shall be elected
and chosen four discreet persons by the majority of voices
of the consistory aforesaid, to be kirkmasters of the said
church, whose office and charge is and shall be to build and
repair the same church and cemetery, parsonage, alms-house,
and all other the hereditaments and appurtenances to the
said church belonging, and to have the ordering and direction
of the pews and seats in the said church, and the breaking
of the ground in the cemetery for burying of the dead, and
shall have and receive all the rents and revenues of the said
church, coming therefrom or from any other of the said
church's inheritances ] also, the payments of all sum and
sums of money laid out and expended, or to be laid out and
expended, in such necessary buildings and reparations of all
which the said kirkmasters are likewise to keep and surrender
exact and true accounts to the said consistory aforesaid, two
of which four kirkmasters last nominated, at the next election
shall continue in the same office for two years and two new
ones yearly for ever hereafter, to be elected and chosen to
serve with the two predecessors in like manner as with the
elders and deacons aforesaid and not otherwise. And it is
our will and desire that the two elders, two deacons and two
kirkmasters, who shall be superseded by a new annual election
of two others to succeed in their respective places, shall ac-
count and deliver up their several respective charges and
moneys to their successors respectively, if any thereof be in
their hands and possession, respectively in public manner.

108 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church

And we do likewise will and grant that the said kirkmasters
shall be under the direction of the said consistory for the
time being. And in case there shall not be enough in the
hands either of the elders, deacons or kirkmasters, for the
performing and finishing of any of their respective charges
and trust of their particular respective funds before men-
tioned, which they be hereby respectively impowered to re-
ceive and manage. That then it shall and may be lawful to
and for the consistory aforesaid, to order and direct the
lending of what sum shall be necessary out of any of the
aforesaid funds towards deficiency of any other of the said
funds, so that there be no failure of any of the same three
several charges or trusts upon any unforseen contingency or
emergency. And we do likewise will and grant that in all
elections of officers or other acts or orders of the consistory
the minister or president of the consistory shall have but
one vote. And if it shall happen there be an equal division
of the voices or votes, so that the matter, or thing in dispute
cannot receive the determination of a majority of voices, that
then it shall and may be lawful to determine the same by lot,
leaving it to the sole wisdom of Grod to determine the same
as he shall think fit. And we do likewise will and grant that
it shall be in the power of the minister of the said church,
for the time being, by himself or in case of his death, absence
or removal, in the president or first elder who shall preside
for the time being, or in the power of the major number of
the whole consistory for the time being, to call a meeting of
the consistory for the good and service of the said churcb, *
and the afiairs of the said corporation, whensoever they shall
see meet within the said city of Albany; and in case it shall
please God that any of the said elders, deacons or kirkmasters,
for the time being, shall happen to die, remove, or otherwise
be disabled from serving and officiating in their respective
offices, within the year for which they are so chosen or ap-
pointed to serve 3 we do will and grant that it shall and may
be lawful to the consistory, for the time being, to assemble
and meet together at Albany, at any other time of the year
than the time of anniversary election, and so often as there
shall be occasion to elect and choose other elders, deacons and
kirkmasters in their respective rooms and stead, to officiate for
the remaining part of the year until the next anniversary

Beformed Protestant Dutch Church. 109

election ; whicli person or persons so chosen as aforesaid into
any of the aforesaid offices of elders, deacons or kirkmaster,
shall have like power and authority to act in their respective
offices as if they had been elected and confirmed at the afore-
said time of the anniversary election aforesaid, or as if the
same persons so dying, being absent or otherwise disabled,
were alive, present and capable to do the same ; and we do
will and grant unto the said minister, elders and deacons of
the Reformed Protesant Dutch Church in the city of Albany,
and to their successors for ever, the advowson and patronage
of the said church ; (that is to say,) that after the decease of
the aforesaid Petrus Van Driessen, or next and all other
avoidances thereof, that it shall and may be lawful to and
for the elders and deacons of the aforesaid church or the con-
sistory of the aforesaid church and their successors for ever,
to present and call another minister to succeed in the cure
of souls in the aforesaid church and congregation of the Re-
formed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, pro-
vided always such minister, so called or presented by them
to the said living, be always a person amenable to the laws
of Great Britain and this Province, and pay due obedience
and allegiance unto us and our royal heirs and successors,
the kings and queens of Gi-reat Britain. And that it shall
and may be lawful to and for the present minister or incum-
bent of the said church and his successors, or any of them to
have, take, receive and keep for his end and their own use and
support, that maintenance that now is or shall be agreed upon
between him or them and the said consistory from time to time,
and at all times hereafter. And it shall and may be lawful
to aod for the said elders of the same church, and their suc-
cessors for ever, to collect and receive the voluntary subscrip-
tions of the inhabitants of Albany, belonging to the said
congregation, for and towards the payment of their said
minister, or their minister for the time being, and to pay and
cause to be paid unto the said minister and his successor, the
minister of the said church, for the time being, his yearly
stipend or salary, according to agreement, by quarterly even
payments thereof, or otherwise, as it shall be agreed upon
by and between them, the said minister of the said church
and the aforesaid consistory. And we do will and grant that

10

110 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

the said deacons of the said church, and their successors for
ever, shall and may lawfully and peaceably, from time to
time, and at all times hereafter, at the meeting of the s^id
congregation for the public service and worship of Almighty
God, to collect and receive the free and voluntary alms and
oblations of the members of the said congregation, and the
free and voluntary oflPerings made by the communicants at
their receiving of the holy sacrament of the Lord's Supper
for the uses aforesaid, and to dispose thereof for the pious
and charitable uses aforesaid. And we do will and grant
that the kirkmasters aforesaid, and their successors for ever,
shall and may from time to time, and at all times hereafter,
and so often as it shall be necessary, shall and may demise,
grant, and to farm let, of the demesnes of the said church,
demisable and grantable to and for the profit and advantage
of the said church, and receive and collect the rents and reve-
nues arising therefrom, or otherwise, and apply the same for
and towards tiie buildings and reparations of the said church
and parsonage, and other the hereditaments belonging to the
said minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant
Dutch Church in the city of Albany, and such other uses as
are proper and necessary, provided always that the said
elders, deacons and kirkmasters in their separate offices, be
always accountable to and under the direction of the con-
sistory of the said church for the time being, and not other-
wise. And we do further will and grant that it shall and may
be in the power of the consistory of the said church, and
their successors for ever, if they shall agree thereupon, and
find themselves able and capable of maintaining him at any
time or times hereafter, to nominate and call one or more
able and sufficient minister, lawfully ordained according to
the constitution aforesaid, in all things to assist and officiate
in the ministry which doth belong to the sacred office and
function of a minister of the gospel in the said church, pro-
vided always that there be no preheminency or superiority
in that office, and not otherwise. And we do likewise will
and grant to the said minister, elders, and deacons of the
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany,
and their successors for ever, that it shall and may be lawfull
to and for the consistory of the said church, to nominate and

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. Ill

appoint a clerk or precentor, schoolmaster, sexton, bellrihger,
and such and so many other officers and servants of the same
church, as they shall think convenient and necessary, and
to call them by the same or what other names they shall
think fit. And we do will and grant that it shall and may
be lawfull to and for the consistory of the said church, and
their successors from time to time, and at all times hereafter,
to make rules, orders, and ordinances for the better discipline
and government of the said church, provided always that
such rules, orders, and ordinances shall not be binding, nor
eflPect any other of our reformed protestant subjects within
the same city, than the voluntary members of their said con-
gregation, and be no ways repugnant to our laws of Great
Britain and of this colony, but agreeable to the articles of
faith and worship agreed upon and instituted by the National
Synod at Dort, aforesaid.

And further of our especial grace, certain knowledge and
meer motion, we have given, granted, ratified, and confirmed
unto the aforesaid minister, elders, and deacons of the Re-
formed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and
to their successors and assigns for ever, all that their said
church and ground whereon it standeth, their said parsonage
or minister's dwelling house, with its hereditaments and
appurtenances thereunto belonging or any ways appertaining,
and all the alms house or poor house aforesaid, all that the
pasture or pastures, and all other the premises aforesaid,
together with all and singular edifices, buildings, gardens,
orchards, backsides, wells, ways, hollows, cellars, passages,
privileges, liberties, profits, advantages, hereditaments, and
appurtenances whatsoever, to all and every of them belong-
ing, or in any ways appertaining. And all that our estate,
right, title, interest, properly and demand of, into or out of
the same or any part of any of them, and the reversions,
remainders, and the yearly rents and profits of the same,
saving only the right and title of any other person or persons,
body corporate and politick whatsoever, to any of the pre-
mises hereby granted, or meant, mentioned, and intended
to be hereby granted, or to any of them, to have and to hold,
all that their said church and ground parsonage or minister's
dwelling house, almshouse or poor house, pasture or pastures,

112 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

and all and sin^jular other tlie premises with their and every
of their hereditaments and appurtenances unto the aforesaid
minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant
Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, their successors and
assigns for ever, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and be-
hoof of the aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the Re-
formed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and
their successors and assigns forever (save only as before is
saved and expressed), to be holden of us, our heirs and
successors for ever, free and common soccage as of our manor
of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within our realm
of Great Britain, yielding, rendering and paying therefore
yearly and every year, for ever, unto us, our heirs and succes-
sors forever, at our custom house in New York, unto our and
their receiver general for the time being, on the feast day of
the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, commonly
called Lady Day, the annual rent of one pepper corn, if the
same be lawfully demanded, in lieu and stead of all other
rents, services, dues and duties and demands whatsoever, for
the same church parsonage, alms house, pastures, and all other
the above granted premises, with the hereditaments and
appurtenances. And we do hereby will and grant unto the
aforesaid minister, elders, and deacons of the Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and to their
successors for ever, that these our letters shall be made
patent, and that they and the record of them remaining in
our secretary's office of our province of New York, shall be
good and effectual in the law to all intents and purposes
whatsoever, according to the true intent and meaning of them,
and shall be construed, reputed, esteemed and adjudged in
all cases most favorable for the benefit and behoof of the
aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Pro-
testant Dutch Church in the city of Albany and of their suc-
cessors forever, notwithstanding the not true and well
reciting of the premises, or of the limits and bounds of any
of them, or any part of them, any law or other restraint,
incertainty or imperfection whatsoever to the contaary there-
of in any way notwithstanding.

In testimony whereof we have caused. the great seal of our
province of New York to be affixed to these presents, and

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 113

the same to be entered of record in one of the books of patents
in our said secretary's office remaining. Witness our said
trusty and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, president of
our council at Fort George, the 10th day of August, in the
7th year of our reign, anno domini 1720.

Rev. Mr. Frielinghuysen.

A regiment came to town about this time, the superior
officers of which were younger, more gay, and less amenable
to good counsel than those who used to command the troops,
which had been formerly been placed on this station. They
paid their visits at the Flats,' and were received; but not
as usual, cordially; neither their manners nor morals being
calculated for that meridian. Part of the Royal Americans,
or independent cooipanies, had at this time possession of the
fort ; some of these had families : and they were in general
persons of decent morals, and a moderate and judicious way
of thinking, who, though they did not court the society of the
natives, expressed no contempt for their manners or opinions.
The regiment I speak of, on the contrary turned those plain
burghers into the highest ridicule, yet used every artifice to
get acquainted with them. They wished in short to act the
part of very fine gentlemen ; and the gay and superficial in
those days were but too apt to take for their model the fine
gentleman of the detestable old comedies. These danger-
ously accomplished heroes made their appearance at a time
when the English language began to be more generally
understood ; and when the pretensions of the merchants,
commissaries, &c., to the stations they occupied were no longer
dubious. Those polished strangers now began to make a
part of general society. At this crisis it was that it was
found necessary to have recourse to billets. The superior
officers had generally been either received at the Flats, or
accommodated in a large house which the colonel had in town.
The manner in which the hospitality of that family was
exercised, the selection which they made of such as were
fitted to associate with the young persons who dwelt under
their protection, always gave a kind of tone to society, and
held out a light to others.

^ The residence of the Schuylers.

114 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

Madame Schuyler's sister was married to the respectable
and intelligent magistrate,! who administered justice not
only to the town, but to the whole neighborhood. In their
house, also, such of the military were received and enter-
tained, as had the sanction of her sister's approbation. This
judicious and equitable person, who in the course of trading
in early life upon the lakes, had undergone many of the
hardships and even dangers, which awaited the military in
that perilous path of duty, knew well what they had to en-
counter in the defence of a surly and self-righted race, who
were little inclined to show them common indulgence ; far
less gratitude. He judged equitably between both parties;
and while with the most patriotic steadiness he resisted every
attempt of the military to seize any thing with a high hand,
he set the example himself, and used every art of persuasion
to induce his countrymen to every concession that could con-
duce to the ease and comfort of their protectors. So far at
length he succeeded, that when the regiment to which I al-
lude arrived in town, and showed in general an amiable and
obliging disposition, they were quartered in different houses ;
the superior officers being lodged willingly by the most
respectable of the inhabitants, such as not having large fami-
lies, had room to accommodate them. The colonel and
madame happened, at the time of these arrangements, to be
at New York.

In the meanwhile society began to assume a new aspect;
of the satellities, which on various pretexts, official and com-
mercial, had followed the army; several had families, and
those began to mingle more frequently with the inhabitants,

^ Cornelius Ciiyler, mayor of Albany, who had been a most suc-
cessful Indian trader in his youth, and had acquired large posses-
sions, and carried on an extensive coniniercial intercourse with the
traders of that day, bringing from Europe quantities of those goods
that best suited them, and sending back their peltry in exchange ;
he was not only wealthy, but hospitable, intelligent, and liberal
minded, as appeared by his attachment to the army ; which was,
in those days, the distinguising feature of those who in knowledge
and candor were beyond others, [It will be seen by reference to the
list of mayors of Albany, on another page, that the authoress has
committed a mistake in the name of this person. Mrs. Grant
returned to England in 1768, when but 13 years of age, and there
was no mayor of that name during her residence in America.]

Reformed Frotestant Dutch Church. 115

wlio were as yet too simple to detect the surreptitious tone
of lax morals and second-handed manners, which prevailed
among many of those who had but very lately climbed up to
the stations they held, and in whose houses the European
modes and diversions were to be met with ; these were not
in the best style, yet even in that style they began to be
relished by some young persons, with whom the power of
novelty prevailed over that of habit ; and in a few rare in-
stances, the influence of the young drew the old into a faint
consent to these attempted innovations ; but with many the
resistance was not to be overcome.

In this state of matters, one guardian genius watched over
the community with unremitting vigilance. From the ori-
ginal settlement of the place there had been a succession of
good quiet clergymen, who came from Holland to take the
command of this expatriated colony. These good men found
an easy charge, among a people with whom the external
duties of religion were settled habits, which no one thought
of dispensing with ; and where the primitive state of manners,
and the constant occupation of the mind in planting and
defending a territory where every thing was, as it were, to
be new created, was a preservation to the morals. Religion
being never branded with the reproach of imputed hypocrisy,
or darkened by the frown of austere bigotry, was venerated
even by those who were content to glide thoughtless down
the stream of time, without seriously considering whither it
was conveying them, till sorrow or sickness reminded them
of the great purpose for which they were indulged with the
privilege of existBnce.

The domines, as these people called their ministers, con-
tented themselves with preaching in a sober and moderate
strain to the people; and living quietly in the retirement of
their families, were little heard of but in the pulpit ; and they
seemed to consider a studious privacy as one of their chief
duties. Domine Frelinghuysen, however, was not contented
with this quietude, which he seemed to consider as tending to
languish into indifference. Ardent in his disposition, elo-
quent in his preaching, animated and zealous in his con-
versation, and frank and popular in his manners, he thought
it his duty to awaken in every breast that slumbering spirit
of devotion, which he considered as lulled by security, or

116 Beformed Protestant Dutch Church.

drooping in the meridian of prosperity, like tender plants in
the blaze of sunshine. These he endeavored to refresh by
daily exhortation, as well as by the exercise of his public
duties. Though rigid in some of his notions, his life was
spotless, and his concern for his people warm and affectionate;
his endeavors to amend and inspire them with happier desires
and alms, were considered as the labor of love, and rewarded
by the warmest affection, and the most profound veneration ;
and what to him was of much more value, by a growing soli-
citude for the* attainment of that higher order of excellence
which it was his delight to point out to them. But while
he thus incessantly " allured to brighter worlds, and led the
way,'^ he might perhaps insensibly have acquired a taste of
dominion, which might make him unwilling to part with any
portion of that most desirable species of power, which sub-
jects to us, not human actions only, but the will which directs
them.

The progress which this regiment made in the good graces
of his flock, and the gradual assimilation to English manners
of a very inferior standard, alarmed and grieved the good man
not a little; and the intelligence he received from some of
the elders of his church, who had the honor of lodging the
more dissipated subalterns, did not administer much comfort
to him. By this time the Anglomania was beginning to
spread. A sect arose among the young people, who seemed
resolved to assume a lighter style of dress and manners, and
to borrow their taste in those respects from their new friends.
This bade fair soon to undo all the good pastor's labors. The
evil was daily growing; and what, alas, could Domine Fre-
linghuysen do but preach! This he did earnestly, and even
angrily, but in vairi. Many were exasperated but none re-
claimed. The good domine, however, had those who shared
his sorrows and resentments ; the elder and wiser heads of
families, indeed a great majority of the primitive inhabitants,
were steadfast against innovation. The colonel of the regi-
ment, who was a man of fashion and family, and possessed
talents for both good and evil purposes, was young and gay:
and being lodged in the house of a very wealthy citizen, who
had before, in some degree, affected the newer modes of
living, so captivated him with his good breeding and affability,
that he was ready to humor any scheme of diversion which

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 117

the colonel and his associates proposed. Under the aus-
pices of this gallant commander, balls began to be concerted,
and a degree of flutter and frivolity to take place, which was
as far from elegance as it was from the honest, artless cheer-
fulness of the meetings usual among them. The good
domine more and more alarmed, not content with preaching,
now began to prophesy : but like Cassandra, or to speak as
justly, though less poetically, like his whole fraternity, was
doomed always to deliver true predictions to those who never
heeded them.

Now the very ultimatum of degeneracy, in the opinion of
these simple good people, was approaching; for now the
officers, encouraged by the success of all their former pro-
jects for amusement, resolved to new fashion and enlighten
those amiable novices whom their former schemes had
attracted within the sphere of their influence; and for this
purpose, a private theatre was fitted up, and preparations
made for acting a play ; except the Schuylers and their
adopted family, there was not perhaps one of the natives who
understood what was meant by a play. And by this time,
the town, once so closely united by intermarriages and num-
berless other ties, which could not exist in any other state
of society, were divided into two factions; one consisting
almost entirely of such of the younger class, as having a
smattering of New York education, and a little more of dress
and vivacity, or perhaps levity, than the rest, were eager to
mingle in the society, and adopt the manner of those
strangers. It is but just, however, to add, that only a few
of the more estimable were included in this number;- these,
however, they might have been captivated with novelty and
plausibility, were too much attached to their older relations
to give them pain, by an intimacy with people to whom an
impious neglect of duties the most sacred was generally
imputed, and whose manner of treating their inferiors, at
that distance from the control of higher powers, was often
such as to justify the imputation of cruelty, which the
severity of military punishments had given rise to. The
play, however, was acted in a barn, and pretty well attended,
notwithstanding the good domine's earnest charges to the
contrary. It was the Beaux Stratagem ; no favorable
specimen of the delicacy or morality of the British theatre ;

118 Reforyned Protestant Dutch Church.

and as for the wit it contains, very little of that was level to
the comprehension of the novices who were there first
initiated into a knowledge of the magic of the scene, yet
they " laughed consumedly," as Scrub says, and actually did
so, " because they were talking of him." They laughed at
Scrub's gestures and appearance, and they laughed very
heartily at seeing the gay young ensigns, whom they had
been used to dance with, flirting fans, displaying great
hoops, and with painted cheeks and colored eye-brows, sail-
ing about in female habiliments. This was a jest palpable
and level to every understanding ; and it was not only an
excellent good one, but lasted a long while ; for every time
they looked at them when restored to their own habits, they
laughed anew at the recollection of their late masquerade.

The fame of these exhibitions went abroad, and opinions
were formed of them no way favorable to the actors or to
the audience. In this region of reality, where rigid truth
was always undisguised, they had not learned to distinguish
between fiction and falsehood. It was said that the officers
familiar with every vice and every disguise, had not only
spent a whole night in telling lies in a counterfeited place,
the reality of which had never existed, but that they were
themselves a lie, and had degraded manhood, and broke
through an express prohibition in scripture, by assuming
female habits ; that they had not only told lies, but cursed
and swore the whole night, and assumed the character of
knaves, fools, and robbers, which every good and wise man
held in detestation, and no one would put on unless they felt
themselves easy in them. Painting their faces, of all other
things, seemed most to violate the Albanian ideas of decorum,
and was looked upon as the most flagrant abomination.
Great and loud was the outcry produced by it. Little skilled
in sophistry, and strangers to all the arts " that make the
worse appear the better reason," the young auditors could
only say "that indeed it was very amusing; made them
laugh heartily, and did harm to nobody." So harmless,
indeed, and agreeable did this entertainment appear to the
new converts of fashion, that the Recruiting Officer was
given out for another night, to the great annoyance of Mr,
Frelinghuysen, who invoked heaven and earth to witness
and avenge this contempt, not only of his authority, but, as

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 119

he expressed it, of the source from whence it was derived.
Such had been the sanctity of this good man's life, and the
laborious diligence, and awful earnestness with which he
inculcated the doctrines lie taught, that they had produced
a correspondent effect, for the most part, on the lives of his
hearers, and led them to regard him as the next thing to an
evangelist ; accustomed to success in all his undertakings,
and to " honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,'' and all
that gratitude and veneration can offer to its most dis-
tinguished object, this rebellion against his authority and
contempt of his opinion (once the standard by which every
one's judgment was regulated), wounded him very deeply.
The abhorrence with which he inspired the parents of the
transgressors, among whom were many young men of spirit
and intelligence, was the occasion of some family disagree-
ments, a thing formerly scarcely known. Those young people,
accustomed to regard their parents with implicit reverence,
were unwilling to impute to them unqualified harshness, and
therefore removed the blame of a conduct so unusual to their
spiritual guide; "and while he thought, good easy man,
full surely his greatness was a ripening, nipt his root.''
Early one Monday morning, after the domine had, on the
preceding day, been peculiarly eloquent on the subject of
theatrical amusements, and pernicious innovations, some
unknown person left within his door a club, a pair of old
shoes, a crust of black bread, and a dollar The worthy pastor
was puzzled to think what this could mean ; but had it too
soon explained to him. It was an emblematic message, to
signify the desire entertained of his departure. The stick
was to push him away, the shoes to wear on the road, and
the bread and money a provision for his journey. Too con-
scious, and too fond of popularity, the pastor languished
under a sense of imaginary degradation, grew jealous, and
thought every one alienated from him, because a few giddy
young people were stimulated by momentary resentments
to express disapprobation in this vague and dubious manner.
Thus, insensibly, do vanity and self-opinion mingle with our
highest duties. Had the domine, satisfied with the testi-

o ...

mony of a good conscience, gone on in the exercise of his
duty, and been above allowing little personal resentments to
mingle with his zeal for what he thought right, he might

120 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church

have felt himself far above an insult of this kind ; but he found
to his cost, that " a habitation giddy and unsure hath he
that buildeth on the fickle heart" of the unsteady, wavering
multitude.

Madame now returned to town with the colonel; and
finding this general disorder and division of sentiments with
regard to the pastor, as well as to the adoption of new modes,
endeavored, with her usual good sense, to moderate and heal.
She was always of opinion that the increase of wealth should
be accompanied with a proportionate progress in refinement
and intelligence ; but she had a particular dislike to people's
forsaking a respectable plainness of dress and manners for
mere imperfect imitation and inelegant finery. Liberal and
judicious in her views, she did not altogether approve the
austerity of the domine's opinions, nor the vehemence of his
language; and as a Christian, she still less approved his
dejection and concern at the neglect or rudeness of a few
thoughtless young persons. In vain the colonel and madame
soothed and cheered him with counsel and kindness ; night
and day he mused on the imagined insult; nor could the
joint efforts of the most respectable inhabitants prevent his
heart from being corroded with the sense of imagined
unkindness. At length he took the resolution of leaving
those people so dear to him, to visit his friends in Holland,
promising to return in a short time, whenever his health was
restored; and his spirits more composed. A Dutch ship
happened about this time to touch at New York, on board of
which the domine embarked ; but as the vessel belonging to
Holland was not expected to return, and he did not, as he
had promised, either write or return in an English ship, his
congregation remained for a great while unsupplied, while
his silence gave room for the most anxious and painful con-
jectures ; these were not soon removed, for the intercourse
with Holland was not frequent or direct. At length, how-
ever, the sad reality was but too well ascertained. This victim
of lost popularity had appeared silent and melancholy to
his shipmates, and walked constantly on deck. At length
he suddenly disappeared, leaving it doubtful whether he had
fallen overboard by accident, or was prompted by despair to
plunge into eternity. If this latter was the case, it must
have been the consequence of a temporary fit of insanity ;

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 121

for no man had led a more spotless life, and no man was
more beloved by all that were intimately known to him. He
was, indeed, before the fatal affront, which made such an
undue impression on him, considered as a blessing to the
place ; and his memory was^ so beloved, and his fate so
regretted, that this, in addition to some other occurrences
falling out about the same time, entirely turned the tide of
opinion, and rendered the thinking as well as the violent
party, more averse to innovations than ever. Had the Alba-
nians been catholics, they would probably have canonized
Mr. Frelinghuysen, whom they considered as a martyr to
levity and innovation. He prophesied a great deal ; such
prophecy as ardent and comprehensive minds have delivered,
without any other inspiration but that of the sound, strong
intellect, which augurs the future from a comparison with
the past, and a rational deduction of probable consequences.
The affection that was entertained for his memory, induced
people to listen to the most romantic stories of his being
lauded on an island, and become a hermit; taken up into a
ship when floating on the sea, into which he had accidentally
fallen, and carried to some remote country, from which he
was expected to return, fraught with experience and faith.
I remember some of my earliest reveries to have been occu-
pied by the mysterious disappearance of this hard-fated
pastor. — Mrs. Grants American Lady^ 170, et seq.

A rumor, not well authenticated, was common among the
people, that he embarked, on his return, in the same vessel
with the person appointed to supersede him, and when made
acquainted with the fact, very soon disappeared, and was
supposed to have thrown himself into the sea. These idle
traditions grew out of the superstitions of the times, and an
omen. I have seen a letter written 10th October, 1759, by
G. Abeel of New York to his relatives in Albany, in which
he says that while he was writing, the ship in which Dom.
Frielinghuysen sailed was leaving the port, and according to
the custom, the guns were firing parting salutes. That on
the previous Sunday, he preached in the new Dutch Church,
and that when he sat down after giving out the last psalm,
the bench gave way, and he fell to the floor, which was uni-
versally regarded as a bad omen. It was remarked that the

11

122 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

ocean was fatal to his family, and the impression that he
would never return pervaded the minds of the people. Dr.
De Witt says that he went to Holland on business growing
out of the controversy which agitated the church at that time
concerning the coetus, and was expected to return. There
does not seem to be any well authenticated account of him
subsequently, but with the exception of these unfounded
rumors of his decease, he disappears from history. The
Rev. Eilardus Westerlo arrived in the following August, and
commenced his ministry.

Rev. Eilardus Westerlo.

This divine was born in the province of Qroeningen, Hol-
land, in 1738, and received a thorough university education.
It was still a custom with the American churches to send to
Holland for ministers to supply their pulpits; and in answer
to the requisition of the church at Albany for a pastor, Mr.
Westerlo, who was then at the University of Groeningen,
was induced to accept the call. He arrived here in 1760,
and entered upon the pastoral charge in October of that year,
having been previously installed in Holland. He proved to
be a man of great powers of mind, extensive erudition, and
became one of the most eminent ministers of the Dutch
church in America. He possessed caution and prudence,
and great dignity of manners, yet was ajffable and courteous
to all. His pastoral duties were discharged with exemplary
fidelity over a field unusually extensive. He took a con-
spicuous part in severing the church from its dependence
upon the mother country, and its reorganization upon the
present plan. During the war of the American revolution,
lie took strong grounds in the cause of the people, and at a
most critical time, when Burgoyne was advancing on the city
from the north, he animated and inspired the people by
having his church open every day for the purpose of prayer
and address. He died on the 26th of December, 1790, at a
time of life when age had scarcely begun to impair his frame,
and was buried in the family vault of Stephen Van Rensse-
laer, his funeral obsequies being attended by a large concourse
from the city and neighborhood. Amid the arduous cares
of his ministry, he found time to prepare a Hebrew and
Greek Lexicon, in 2 vols., folio, which remain in manuscript,
in the State Library."

Heformed Protestant Dutch Church. 123

DOMTNE BaSSETT.

In 1793 Bemjamin Lincoln, Timothy Pickering and
Beverly Randolph passed through Albany on their mission
of peace to the Indians at Niagara. They were accompanied
by delegates from the Society of Friends, among whom was
William Savery, an eminent minister, under whose faithful
preaching while in England, Elizabeth Fry was transformed
from a gay girl into a steadfast Christian, and a philanthropist
of world wide renown. The commissioners were received
with great civility here ; Domine Bassett waited upon them,
and introducing himself promised to offer up prayers for the
success of their pious design, and added that a thousand or
more people would unite with him in his supplications. He
seemed to the good Quakers to be a good natured, tender-
spirited man When the church in State street was about

to be removed, the trustees of the church at the Boght,
where Mr. Bassett then officiated, applied for the old pulpit;
but it having been resolved to preserve that relic in the
church, they next applied for the pew doors and hinges,
which were granted to them.

Ancient Customs.

The pyramidal roof and belfry of the old church are
familiar to the present generation, from the print of it; but
where is the remembrancer of its customs? The men sat with
hats and muffs during divine service, and in the midst of the
domine's sermon, uprose the deacons and presented to each
hearer a small black bag, containing a little bell, borne on
the end of a staff, somewhat resembling a shrimp net. In
this way the contributions were collected. The tinkle of the
bell roused the sleepy and diverted for the moment the busy
thoughts of the traders from muskratand beaver skins. The
bags, with their load of coppers and half-joes being duly
replaced, the domine resumed the broken thread of his
discourse. The Indians are said to have dreaded the coming
of a Sunday before they had closed the sale of their peltry,
for to their apprehension it seemed that the man in black
spoke sharply to the people about the bargains they had been
driving, and that the drift of the sermon might be guessed
at by the lower prices offered for their skins on Monday.

124 Beformed Protestant Dutch Church.

The practice of taking collections for the poor during the
sermon was discontinued in 1795.

The Parsonage,

Or as it is termed in the charter, the minister's house,
which belonged to the congregation, and was occupied by Mr,
Westerlo during the last six years of his life, was the building
more recently known as the Bleecker House, and was taken
down years since, to make room for Bleecker Hall. The
first preaching in English was by Mr. Livingston, about
1776 ; in 1782 Mr. Westerlo began to preach in English,
and Mr. Bassett, his colleague, was the first settled English
pastor.

City Records Relating to the Church.

Among the records in the City Hall, are three volumes in
Dutch, written generally in a good character, embracing
about thirty years of the close of the seventeenth century,
in which are frequent allusions to church matters, coming
under the notice of the council. Some of the city authori-
ties procured the translation of these records a few years
ago, but the work was very imperfectly done, the translator
giving a mere synopsis of the original. The following items
are taken from the translated volume :

1676. A request of the consistory of Kingston, that
Domine Schaats might come over to administer the Lord's
supper and baptism, which was denied because Domine
Schaats was a settled minister, but if they wanted Domine

Rensselaer would agree thereto Domine Van Rensselaer

preferred a complaint against Jacob Leisler and Jacob Mil-
borne, for slandering his orthodoxy and ridiculing his
preaching and the talents graciously bestowed on him by the
Lord, &c., &c., requests consequently that it may please the
court to give a verdict about this matter as will be most
convenient with the truth and justice, and also with the wel-
fare of Christ in the city Mandate of his excellency the

governor general to the court to do their utmost endeavors
to prevent, to smooth and to remove the divers disputes arisen
between the pastors and some of the members of the Re-
formed Dutch Church Reconciliation between Domine

Van Rensselaer, Jacob Leisler, and Jacob Milborne, also

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 125

between Domine Schaats and some members of tbe con-
sistory, whereby all the former disputes and ecclesiastical
discords are thrown in the fire of love.

Feb., 1677. Proclamation was made prohibiting all mis-
demeanors which have often occurred here on Shrove Tues-
day, viz. : riding at a goose, cat, hare, and ale, etc., on a penalty

of/25 seawan Order of the court to prevent and punish

severely the shameful violation of the sabbath especially
committed by the inhabitants of Kinderhook, and the
appointment of Jochem Lambertse deputy sheriflF strictly to
attend to it.

1678. Captain Philip Schuyler complains about it being
refused to Domine N. Yan Rensselaer by the consistory to

take his seat in the usual pastor's pew with the elders

Resolved and ordered that Captain Philip have a suitable
seat in the church, behind that of the magistrates.

Feb., 1679. A. Muir requests in the name of the court
and consistory of Schenectady, that Domine Schaats may be
sent four Sundays in one year to administer the Lord's sup-
per to said place and community, which request is granted
in so far that Domine Schaats is allowed to go four times in
one year to administer the holy sacraments, but not on a
Sunday, whereas it would be unjust to let the community be

here without preaching Appeared before the court Domine

Schaats, the elder and two deacons, who voluntarily ofi^er to
take to their charge the rebuilding of the domine's house,
to be in future a suitable dwelling for the pastor, requesting

a deed of conveyance No person may sell any food or

victuals during the time of service on the Lord's day, but
after the sermon Proclamation by which is expressly cau-
tioned against the violating of the Lord's day as by deplora-
ble experience was found that a great deal of the inhabitants

were committing Summoned before the court on request

of Domine G. Schaats and the consistory of the Reformed
Dutch Church, Ida Barents, to be inquired about the slan-
derous manner in which some of the members of the Lu-
theran church, and especially a certain Engeltje, the wife
of Solomon Volktie should have expressed herself in the
presence of said Ida Barents, on account of the church and
consistory. Appeared before the court Engeltje, to whom
the accusation was read, whereupon she prayed and received
pardon, on condition of better behavior in future.

126 Beformed Protestant Dutch Church.

1681. Petition of the consistory of the Reformed Dutch
Church community, according to the repeated and earnest
solicitation of Domine Schaats, that it would please the court
to do their utmost endeavors to obtain them a good orthodox
pastor for their church, which is favorably answered by the
court, and resolved in consequence to summon several of the
principal citizens, in order to know their opinion of the

matter May. Whereas, Captain Anthony Brockholsthas

been pleased to give his approbation for the obtainance of a
new pastor for the Reformed Dutch Church, it is resolved
by the court to collect a sum of money of the community to
defray the expenses of his passage hither Letter of Cap-
tain Brockholst about the sending of Aneke, the daughter
of Domine Schaats with her children to New York to her
husband, Thos. D. Kikebel,i and order of the court to said

Aneke, to depart thither with the first opportunity June.

Appointment of two elders and two deacons to collect the
contributions of the members of the community for the new

appointed pastor Resolved that there shall be written to

the classis of Amsterdam for the sending of a good orthodox
pastor for the Reformed Dutch Church of Albany, who will
eujoy a yearly salary of/800 in beaver, and the contribution
in behalf of his passage thither, amounts to the sum of /6-4:8
beaver, which is deposited with Messrs. J. H. Van Baal,
Richard Van Rensselaer and Abel De Wolff, to be used for

said purpose Dec. The sheriff, exojfficio, claims of Jan

Van Loon y 800 seasvan, for a fine, having greatly upbraided
and injured Marten Cornelis, who had changed the Roman
Catholic religion for the Protestant, and calumniated the
Protestant church itself by saying among other things to
Marten, that he had turned from God to the devil.

May, 1682. Resolution about making a new gallery in
the north side of the church, by means of contribution on
the community. Contract with an architect to build another

gallery in the church List of twenty-four persons who are

entitled because of their contributions to seats on the new
made gallery in the church, as follows : Peter Schuyler
Philipse, Arent Schuyler, Philip Schuyler, Jr., Johannes
Schuyler, Martin Gerritsen, Johannes Wendell, Johannes

1 See Journal of a Voyage to New York 1679-80, by Bankers and Sluyter, in
L. I. Hist. Coll., I, 2T9.

Reformed Protestant Butch Church. 127

Cuyler, Joachim Staats, Levinus Van Schayck, Sybrant A^an
Schayck, Jacob Lokermans, Robert Livingston, Albert Ryk-
man, Martin Oornelise, Claes Van Petten, Dirk Wessells,
Cornelis Teunise, Johannes Janse, Myndert Harmense, Jan
Stoffolse Abeel, xinthony Van Schayck, Jacob Janse Flodder,

Arnout Cornelise Viele, Evert Banker Consented that

Kobert Livingston may occupy for himself and his posterity,
a seat on the new gallery, as a reward for his trouble in

getting contributions Resolution of the court to write to

the commissaries of Schenectady, to get information whether
it was true that the sabbath could be so dreadfully violated
there by some Frenchmen, and that such should rather be
nourished than hindered by the officer, L. Cobes.

Aug. 1683. Citation of the Reformed Dutch church to
inquire how much of them would please to contribute for
the salary of the Holland arrived pastor, Domine Godefridus
Dellius. List of the subscribers amounts to/ 1200 beaver, or
350 pistareens. Determination about the just beginning of
the ministerial year of Domine Dellius, and some dispositions
in the notarial contract made at Amsterdam, the 20th July,
1682, especially on account ofthe increase of his yearly salary,
in case of the death of Domine Schaats.i Information given
by Domine Dellius of his being willing to perform the notarial
contract of his duties, but will be pleased in being paid

with Dutch money Disposition on account of the yearly

salary of Domine Dellius, being finally fixed at the sum of
/900 Dutch money, [$360,] and also a consent of Domine
Dellius to preach to the community of Schenectady once a
month Resolution ofthe court to write a letter of thanks-
giving to the classis of Amsterdam, on account of their
paternal care in sending of the reverend, godly and deep
learned Domine Godefridus Dellius, and also to write a
letter of thanks to Richard Van Rensselaer and Abel de
"Wolfi", for their exertions.

Antiquities of the Old Stone Church.

In demolishing the old church, care was taken to preserve
only a small portion of the armorial bearings on the stained

1 Mr. Schaats wTote his name Schaets, after the ancient orthography. A fac-
simile of his signature is given in the Hist. Uoll. of Albany, vol. I, p. 44. He
died 2T Feh. 1694, aged 86. See ante, p. 88.

128 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

glass windows. The late Killian Van Rensselaer, writing
to Charles R. Webster, from Washington, in March, 1806,
says: "I had no idea the old church would have been so
soon demolished. I would have given a great deal to have
been in Albany when the windows were attacked, for I would
certainly have given $100 for the old family coat of arms.
I had directions from Mr. Oliver Wendell in Boston, to
obtain the glass containing his family arms at any price, and
in case of his death to deposit it in the Cambridge Museum.
Pray make some inquiries about the remnant saved, and if
possible save it for me, as well as the Van Rensselaer arms.
You will find the name at the foot of the glass on which the
heraldry appears." One of the old church windows is pre-
served, a small one, in a shattered condition; also the pulpit
and the weathercock, and a bag and pole, with which it was
customary to take the contributions, which was done in this
wise. The minister paused in the midst of his sermon,
when the deacons arose, and taking up these implements,
brought them to a perpendicular position against their
shoulders. An address was then pronounced from the pulpit
upon the collection about to be taken in aid of the poor
members of the church, and the ceremony was then accom-
panied by the singing of the choir. This was designed to
give solemnity to the rite. The form of the receptacle con-
cealed the amount of the gift, so that the munificent were
not incited by ostentation, nor the needy to deposit their
scanty pittance with difl&dence. The collection so taken,
however, was not unfrequently plentifully mixed with a
variety of coin unrecognized by the statute, consisting of any
substance that fell into the bag with a chinking sound. The
deacons, to rid themselves of this class of contributors, pro-
cured a number of shining, open plates, for the purpose ]
but their chagrin may be imagined, when, on presenting
themselves thus equipped before the audience, they found
some of the honest burghers expressing their indignation at
the innovation, by turning their backs upon them. A little
war, wordy but bloodless, ensued; the plates, however, car-
ried the day, and still maintain their place ; and the glean-
ings eleemosynary are seldom mingled with base coin. By
reference to the first eighty pages of the first volume of the
Historical Collections of Albany, it will be seen how large a

Beformed Protestant Dutch Church. 129

sum was gathered in this church by these Sunday collections,
at a time when the money in circulation consisted entirely of
beaver skins and wampum, the population was small and
sparse, and the wealth of the most successful tradesmen was
trifling compared with that of the present day ; yet so much
as 225 guilders were taken up of a Sunday.

The Step Stone op the Church.

This relic, which lay in the street for many years after
the church was demolished, was an oblong flat stone, rounded
by long use into the shape of a kidney, and served to mark
the place of entrance to the church, the precise spot of the
vestibule to the ancient sanctuary, and was the identical stone
which had been impressed by the feet of several generations,
in passing to their devotions. It was a few feet from the
curb stone, on the left of the cross walk that leads from
Douw's Building on the southwest corner of Broadway
and State street, to the Exchange Building. There were
several persons in the vicinity who continued to keep watch
over the old stone step whenever the pavements were repaired,
and to observe that it was kept in its place. But these

persons were removed by death
and the march of improvement,
and the stone had many narrow
escapes. The cross walk was re-
paired in the spring of 1850, and
the attention of the pavers was
directed to its preservation; but a
few months later, in June, other
repairs were required, and the stone
was tossed out and lost its place. A very rude engraving
is given of the locality, done by a tyro at wood-cutting.

Burial Customs and Ceremonies.

The Indian commissioners previously spoken of (page 123),
are said to have witnessed a burial, and been surprised at the
ways of the people. No women attended the body to the
grave, as they had been accustomed to see ; but after the
corpse was borne out, they remained to eat cakes, and drink
spiced wine. They retired quietly before the men returned,
who resumed the feast and regaled themselves. Spiced

130 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

wine, and cakes, and pipes were provided, and wine was sent
to the friends of the family. The best room in the house
was specially appropriated as " the dead room," and was
rarely opened but to be aired and cleaned At page 40,
vol. I, Bist. Coll. of Albany, is a bill of expenses for burying
a church pauper, about 100 guilders, or 40 dollars, some of
the most prominent items being for rum and beer. Wealthy
citizens procured a cask of wine for this purpose during
their life time, and preserved it for that purpose.

The Last op the Yoorleezers.

In July, 1802, Mr. William Groesbeeck, who had been
clerk of the church for a great number of years, died, and
the desk he had occupied was hung in mourning. He was
succeeded by his sons, Cornelius and David, who were the
last of the voorzingers. Cornelius, the latest survivor, died
in 1865, aged 87. When the North Dutch church was built,
in 1798, he and his father oflficiated alternately in the new
and the old churches.

The Ancient Burial G-round.

The burial ground for a great number of years was the
present site of the Middle Dutch Church, where the bodies
lie three tiers deep. The dead were removed from under
the church in State street to this ground, after it had beeu
selected for a place of burial. When the church was built,
the gravestones were laid down upon the graves, and covered
over to the depth of three feet, and the records show that
it was customary, when the ground was wholly occupied, to
add a layer of earth upon the surface, and commence burying
over the top of the last tier of coffins. When the basement
of the house on the northeast corner of it was excavated, the
boxes were discovered in which the bodies were buried one
above another. These relics have been frequently disturbed by
the improvements constantly going on. After the lot was aban-
doned as a place of burial, the new church yard was located
south of the Capitol park in the vicinity of State street. The
graves were many feet above the surface of the lots, as they
now are, vast excavations having been made in that part of
the city.

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 131

Book of Burials.
A record of the burials in the Dutch Reformed Church
yard, for a period of about thirty-five years, from 1722 to 1757,
was kept by Barent Brat, and was a few years since in the
possession of the late Harmanus Bleeker, for a copy of which
we are indebted to Mr. S. Y. Talcott. By reference to the
church records, it is found that in 1719 the consistory esta-
blished certain regulations for the burial of the dead, by which
it was required that for the interment of children under 10
years of age, there should be paid into the church treasury
20s.($2.50); from 10 to 15 years, £2($5); and for persons
over 15 years, £3($7.50), exclusive of the charges for digging
the grave (^graf maeheii) and ringing the bell (luiden van
die Moh). The coffins were required to be placed in tiers
close to each other, and to consist of flat boxes. This was
rendered necessary by the limited space on Beaver street
allotted to the dead, the bounds of the city being quite
circumscribed and enclosed in stockades. The burial ground
occupied but little more space than the ground now enclosing
the Middle Dutch Church. The street was narrower, and
graves were extended beyond the present north line of the lot.
It was on this spot that the burials here recorded, were made.

1722

16 TlieuDis Brat was buried

18 Maria Cuyler da of Abram*
24 Young child, da. of Baberrik

23 CatljTia Van Benthuysen

17 Clara Lang's son John
8 Susana Brat, my grandmo-
ther, was buried in the
church by Rut Van Woert

June 25 Gretie Killys

30 Cornells Bogert's son

3 Job's Beekman's Jr. child
15 Gysbert Van de Berg's child
17 Willem H. Van de Berg's
child

19 Thunis Egberts' child
Sept 16 Jonethan Rombelie

i Jacob Roseboom's child
3 Mallie Van Renselaer
8 Albert Ryckman's son Albert
15 Solomon Goewy's child

21 Hend. T. Eyck

22 Myndert Roseboom

24 Phylip Livingston's child*

Feb.

Mch
Apl
May

Augt

Octr

Novr 18 Abram Van Arm en's

19 Pieter van Dresen's child*

20 Antie van Eivere*

Deer 18 Maria Roseboom's daughter

23 Willem Groesbeeck

1723
7 Daniel Flensburgh's child
22 Jannetie Dunbar was buried

in the English Church
9 Wynant C Van de Bergh's

child
10 Johannes De Vendalaer's

child
25 Rut Van Woert's child
9 A French child was buried by
John Sharp

21 Hend Cuyler' s child

17 Jacob Roseboom's child

18 Anna Marytie Carsten

24 David Schuyler's wife Anna-

tie
Octr 15 Therck Harmese [Visscher]
wife Femmetie
27 Abram Lansingh's son

Febr

Mch
Apl

June

July

Sept

*This mark denotes that the person was buried under the church; a
privilege which was allowed to such as were willing to pay for it.

132 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

Novr 21 Mattys de Garmo's child
Deer 18 Jacobus Lychasae's child

1724
1 Harmanis Schuyler's child

Jany
Feb

Mch

Apl

Augt

Nov

Deer

Jany

Feb
Feb

Mch
Apl

May
June

July

Augt

Octr
Nov

Deer

19 Hendrick Hanse*

22 Colic. Pieter Schuyler

11 Philip Verplank's child*

20 Christoffel AbeeFs child

23 Claes Fonda's child

7 Jaquemynna Mase

9 Schiebolet Bogardus' child
15 Hend. Cu5'ler

25 Mattys Vlensburgh's child
Jobs. Van der Heyd's child

12 Epharim Borgardus' child

1725

9 Barnt Egbertse's wife
18 Egbert Brat's child

2 Jacob Beeckman's child
6 Tobj'as Ryckman's child
9 Tierck Visscher*

10 Job's Ten Broeck's child
10 Claes Fonda's child

17 Benjamin Egbertsen's child

18 Hend. Halenbeek's child

20 Abram Lansingh's child

26 Gerrit Lansing's child

29 Gose Van Schayck
6 Jacob Bogert

Egbert Brat's child
17 Gose Van Schayck's child

21 Robert Levingston*

3 Pieter Waldrum
Isaac Fonda's child

4 Cornelia Van de Heyden

8 Femmetie da: of Cornelis

Switts
14 Jobs Dpyster's child*
31 Nicholaes Groesbeek's child
26 Isaac Fryer's child

2 Benjamin Brat's child was

buried by Rut Van Woort
8 Daniel Vlensburgh' s child

24 Daniel Vlensburgh

25 Philip Verplank's child*

30 Volckerk Van Hoesen*

3 Tryntie wife of Deely
12 Jan Gerretz*

14 Gerret B. Van den Bergh's
child was buried at Paps-
kinee

26 Jan Cluectt was hurried at

Niskayawene
17 Cornelis Van Dyck's child

19 Claes Fonda's child

1726

Janry22 An Englishman's child
27 Egbert Brat's child

Febry 1 Elisabeth Rosie*

Mch 22 Everte Jacobse Eel's child
29 Peter Ryckman's wife

May 27 Labreyh RedliTs child

May 30 Antony S. Van Schayck's

child
July 12 Gose Van Schayck Jr's child
Augt 25 Jobs Becker's wife
Septr 3 Jobs Becker's child
4 Jobs Dfreest's child

11 Jacob Roseboom's child
Octr 17 Salomon Goewerk's wife

20 Jeremie Penmerton's child
Novr 1 Arent Pruyn's child

2 Tarns Pruyn Jrs. child
8 Evert Janse was buried in
the Lutheren Church

1727
Janry 5 Myndert Marselis' child

19 Andries Witbeeck Jr. child

23 Samuel Pruyn's daughter*
Mch 6 Evert Wendell's child*

12 Gerret Roseboom's daugh-

ter*

24 Johannes Muller

May 26 Jacob Van der Heyden' s child

27 Tobias Ryckman's child
Jan Maasen's child

30 Jan Milten's wife

31 Janetie Van Aelstyne

June 2 Elsie Winne Jr. daughter of
Frans Winue
10 Rabecka Fonda
12 Sara Greveraedt
July 12 Hendk Ridder's child
Augt 1 Mattys Fliusburgh's child
6 Ephrim Wendell's child
10 Jacob Mulder's child
12 Thanis Van den Bergh
18 Philyp Dforeest
Sept 3 Hans Hanse's child

Nicolaes Groesbeek's child
4 Tarn Flyt's mother-in-law

12 Thunis Slingerland's child
10 Jacobus Luychasse

16 Evert Janse's child

18 Abram Van der Poel's infant

25 Bareni Barhyt's child
Octr 2 Catharina Lydius*

13 Catlynna wife of Jobs G.

Lansing
Irans Pruyn's little child
Novr 26 Cornelus Cuyler's little child
Deer 2 Jobs Van der Heyden' s child

172S

Janry 31 Willem Waldrum's little

child
Feb 11 Maria wife of John Everts
Ryck Magsilse

26 Jan Lansingh*

Mch 7 Sybrand Quackenbos' child

28 Jurian Hogan's child

May 6 Elsje Winne mother of Pieter

27 Cornelus Van Schurlynse

29 Pieter son of Pieter Waldrum
June 27 Leena wife of Herpert Van-

Deusen

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 133

July 11 Engeltie wife of Melgert Abra-
ham se
Augt 4 Jan Maase's little child
20 Lowis SchredePs child
Sept 9 Harmen Van Hoesen's child

27 Johs Lansing Jri? child
Jeremiaa Schuyler's child

Octr 5 Pieter Schuyler's child was

buried at the flats
Novr 10 Johs Wendell's little son was

buried at the flats
Deer 7 Philyp Wendell's son John

14 Pieter Schuyler's daughter

was buried at the flats

17 Isaac Wendell's little son was

buried at the flats
30 Nicolaes Groesbeeck's wife

1129

Janry 13 Capt. Johannis Wendell was
buried at the flats
14 Johs Frest's little child
Febry 6 Hans Hansen's little child

20 Moses

26 Isaac Verplank's daughter
Abigel
Mch 12 Gerit Ryckse's daughter
Alyda

29 Aelyda Schuyler

June 13 Abram Ouderkerk's child

21 Johs Bleeker Jr. little son
Mattys Van den Bergh's child

buried at Papskuee
S4 Willni Grennie's child

30 Elizabeth Muller's child
July 7 Jacob Eghemond's child

13 Johs E. Wendell's child
16 DirckTen Broeck's child*
23 Anna Witbeeck daughter of

Tamas Willms
26 Roelif Kidnie's child
Augt 13 Johs Schoonmaker's child
was buried at Papsknie

18 Pieter Winne's little son
Septrl3 Anna Brat was buried in the

church by Rut Van Woert
Octr 1 Johs Van Zante' 8 child
12 Hendrick Benneway

22 Roelif Kidney's child
Novr 24 Johsde Foreest's child

28 Christiena Ten Broeck*
Deer 7 Gosen Van Schayck's child

1730
Feb 1 Maritie Schermerhom

11 Egbert Barentsen's child

14 Douwe Fonda's child

15 Harpert Van Deusen's child

16 Andrles Gardenier's two

children
Mch 7 Adam Van den Bergh's child

15 Samuel Cre^eer's child
April 8 Nanningh Vischer

9 Jacob Lansingh's child

12 Dirck Van Scharluyne's child

12

May 8 Johannis Schoonmaker was
buried at Papsknee

22 Joseph Ya s
June 2 Ephraim Wendell's child

22 Dirck Van Scharluyne's wife
July 13 Huybertie Yaets

18 Jacob Thunnise Van Woert
Agt 10 Isaac Greveraet's child*
Septr 5 Solomon Goewyck's child

5 Isaac Greveraet's child*

8 Thomas Wendell
10 Elisabeth Lansingh

16 Marietie Tymese was buried

at Nistagayoene
5 Jeremiah H. Van Rensselaer

13 Jacobus Redlif 's child
4 Jacob Alestyn

28 Neeltie Van Schayck

7 Katie Van Rensselaer
28 Jan Kasperse

Claes Luyckasse
Joseph Yates child

1731

4 Jan Oothoudt Jrs. child

5 Alida Van Vechten (wife of
Sol'n ?)

5 Ryner Myndertse's son Rey-
nier

9 Evert Ryckse's son Ryckert

14 Johs Dpeyster's child*

27 Mr. Ellet's child
30 Peter Fonda's child

14 Willem Vischer

15 Johs. Migael*
1 Chatriena Van den Bergh

6 Thomas Witbeck, buried at
Papsknee

22 Rutger Van Dusen buried at
Papsknee

28 Abraham Kipp

1 Nicolaes Van Arlen

2 Doctr Epharim Wendell was
buried at the flats

5 Mattys Flensburgh's child

6 Chattrina D Foorest

19 Abrapa Van Armen's child

21 ElbertGerritse's wifeMarytie

22 Hendrick Ridder's child
28 Johs Quackenbos' child
28 Uldrick Van Franke's child

4 Ilans Hansen's child

8 Willem JacobsenVanDeusen

10 Harmen Van Vechten' s child
28 Jan Salomonse
14 Gerrit C. Van den Bergh
22 John Olyfer [Oliver ?] Jr.

2 Willem Redlif 's child

11 William Cremael's child

12 Willim Redlif 's little son

16 Thunis Vischer' s Isaac

20 Johs. Lansingh's daughter

21 Hendrick Halenbeck's child

22 Hans Hansen's daughter

23 Jacob Egmond's two children
27 Myndert Marselis' child

Octr
Nov
Deer

Jan
Feb

Mch
Apl

May
June
July
Augt

June
Augt
Sept

Oct
Nov

134

Heformed Protestant Dutch Church,

Nov 27 Ephraim Wendell's child
28 David Van Dyck's child
28 Harpert Van Deusen's daugh-
ter
28 Pieter Ryckman's child
30 Wvnant C. Van de Berth's
child
Dec 7 Meyndert Marselis' daughter
7 Jer. Pemmerton's little son
12 Hester Swits' eon
12 Johs. Segers two little girls
12 GeritVan Zanten's child

14 Jellis de Garmo's child

15 Harmanus Wendell*

15 Jacob Masen's child

16 Johs. Hun's little son

17 Johs. Schuyler's Jr. little son

was buried at the flats

17 Bettie Danielse' little son

18 Symon Veeder's little child

18 Mattys Dgamo's little child

19 Isaac Greveraet's child*

20 Thunis Egbertse's child

21 Abraham Van de PoeFs

daughter

23 Johs G. Lansingh's child

24 Harmen Van BLoesen's little

son

25 David Van der Heyden's

child

25 Pieter Fonda's

26 Stephanis V. Rensselaer's

child

27 Anthony Brat's child
27 Johs. Vischer's child

27 David V. Dyck's

28 Johs Goewyck's child

30 Dirck Ten Broeck's Anna*
30 Leendert Gansevoort's two

children
30 Abraham Ouderkerk's daugh-
ter

30 Jacob B. Ten Evck's child

31 Gerit W. Van den Bergh's

child
31 Magiel Besset's child

1732
Janry 3 Maria Gerritse's little son*

3 Da\'id Groesbeeck's child

4 Benjamin Egbertse's daugh-

ter
6 Isaac Bogart's little son*
6 Hendk Roseboom's child
6 Daniel Hogan's child was

buried by R. Beeckman

6 Jan Brouyn

7 Johs. Hun's daughter

8 Wouter Barheyt

8 Jacob Wendell's child was
buried at Greenbush

12 Johs A. Cuyler's child*

13 Albert Brat was buried at

■ the flats

14 Johs. Ten Broeck's child was

buried at Greenbush

Janry 15 Willem Waldrum's daughter

16 Isaac Swits' little son

17 Epharim Bo^ardus' child

19 Andries Witbeck Jrs. child

20 Hendk. Cuyler's little son

22 Gerit Van Nes' daughter

23 David Groesbeeck's child
25 Isaac Swits' daughter

25 Johs. Ten Broeck's little son
was buried at Greenbush

25 Hendrick Bries's son was

buried at Papsknee

26 Abram Witbeck' s child

26 Dirck Ten Broeck's little

son*
28 Johs. Bleecker Jrs. daughter

28 Gerrit Marselis' child

29 Johs. Ten Broeck's child

was buried at Greenbush
31 Mattewis Van Deusen"s child
Feb 1 Gerrit C. Van Den Bergh's
child was buried at Papa-
knee
6 Hendrick T. Eyck's little son

20 Nicolaes Bleecker's child

27 Johs Symonse Veeder's

daughter*
Mch 10 Pieter Schuyler's child was
buried at the flats

21 Arieje Oothout's daughter
27 Johs. Vischer's daughter was

buried at Hogebergh
April 6 Johs J. Beeckman' s child

6 Hendrick Bries' child was

buried at Papsknee
25 Willem Teller's wife Catrina
May 18 Ryckie, wife of Abr. Lansing

20 Hendrick H. Roseboom's

child
27 Jer. Pemmerton's two child-
ren
June 9 Johs Dforest's child

14 Johs Dpeyster's child*
July 12 Abraham Lansing Jrs child
Agt 19 A man was buried by Johs.
Segers by order of the
Mayor
Sept 30 Johs. Beeckman
Octr 15 Antony Brat's child
Novr 12 Migul Besset's child

17 Jons. J. Beeckman's child
24 Jan Janse Bleecker*
Deer 9 Salomon Goewey's child
11 Freedk. Myndertse's wife
11 MaragrietaComeel

21 Johs. Schuyler Jrs child was

buried at' the flats
29 Johs. D Foreest's children
31 Elsje Sanders

1733

Jan 11 Isaac Bogert's little child
23 Isaac Bogart's little child
31 Barent Staets' daughter was
buried at the Hogebergh

Feb 9 Coenraet Becker

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 135

Feb 16 Sarah Roseboom was buried
daughter of Jacob Eose-
boom

Mch 3 Maretie Van Alen

13 Pieter Fonda's child

21 Gelyn Verplank's child
April 8 Coenraet Rechtmayor's wife

14 Maes Van Buren was buried

at Schoodack

22 Abra Wj-ngart's wife
May 4 Mallie Leedyus*

June 2 Ephram Wendel's child
July 4 Antony Bogardus's son
Agt 12 Jan Winne
Septr 18 Barent Egbertse's daughter
Octr 25 Rychert Hanse's wife*
29 Maragrietie Bleecker*

1734
Jan'y 8 Jannetje Bogert, [wife Jacob
C]
17 Aeltie Van Nes buried at the
Halfnioon
Febryl2 William Redlif
March 4 Hend"k Bunsen's child

17 Philip Van Vechten's wife
17 Jobs. Dpeyster"s child*
20 Elizabeth Banckers
20 Ragel Hoogkerke's child
April 11 Catharin Cuyler*

14 Geertruy Van Scherluyne

24 Willemhelmus V. de Bergh's

child
May 25 Jacob Egmond
June 23 Jobs Van Vechten was buried

at Papsknee
July 10 Evert Banker
Agt 10 Dom Van Schie's child*

11 Nich Bleecker' s Jr. child

12 Ryck Hanse's child*

12 Gysbert Roseboom' s child

19 Judick Hoogkerke

27 Jobs Dforesfs child

28 Jannetje Cregeer was bimed

at Xisceauna
Sept 1 Jobs. Seegers child

1 Ephar. Wendel's daughter

Susannah

2 Jer: Pemmerton's child

4 Harmen Vechten" s child

5 Benjamin Winne's child

6 Cornells Van Dyck's little

son

12 Isaac Swits' child

13 Volkert V.Den Bergh's child

15 Claes Fonda's little son

17 Stephanus Van Rensselaer's
child

20 NicholasVan Schayck's child
22 Pieter Schuyler's "^ child was

buried at the flats
Oct 8 Jacob T. Evck little child

22 Jobs. Ten Broeck's child
Novr 10 Fredk. Myndertse's daughter

15 Cornelia Van Scharlujm

Deer 5 Gerret B. Van den Bergh's
child
18 David A, Schuyler's little
son*

Febiy 5
11

16
Mch 5

16
Apl 12
May
June 9

July 2
Augt 27

Octr 12

27

Novr 3
12
16

Deer

Jan

Mch
Apl

May

June
July

Augt
Sept

Octr

Nov

Deer

1735
Maria wife of P. Wendel

Nedt Broon Servant of Jef :
[Mrs ?] Livingston

Jacob Staats

Ruben Van Vechte

John Stuward

Isaac Van Allsteyn's child

Tomas Sherp's child

Dirck Brat was buried by Rut
Van Wie

Thunis Frelin's child

Pieter Livingston' child was
buried at the flats

Volkert Oothout's child

Cornelis Van Beuren's little
eon was buried at Paps-
knee

Hendk. H. Roseboom' s child

Catryn Fyn

Jobs De Peyster's little
child*

Cornelia Quackenbos

Jobs Wyngart's child

Zacharias Sixkel's child

Sybrant Van Schayck's child

Nicholas Engelspreeker

Elsje Wendell daughter of
Philip

1736

12 Jurryan Hogen's child

18 Michael Besset's child
26 Gerrit Lansing

2 Geertie Ten Eyck

8 Jobs Cloet's child

10 Daniel Husen's child

13 Catharina daughter of Catie

Van Schaick

23 David Groesbeeck's child
5 Willem Hogen's wife

5 Jobs Dforeest's child

9 Pieter Livingston's child was

buried at the flats
29 Gose Van Schaick
28 Nicholas Bleecker's child

28 Cornelis C. Van den Bergh's

child

4 Thunis Fiele's child

5 Marytie Mingael*

11 Jonas Douw was buried at

Greenbush
25 Willem Waldrum's child
7 Jacobus Schuyler's child was
buried at the hogeberg

19 Ryckart Hansen's'little son*

24 Isaac Wendell's child was

buried at the flats

29 Domine Van Schie's child*
2 Thomas Sherp's child

136 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

25

Feb

4

Mch

22

26

Apl

23

May-

28

June

5

July

2

26

27

Agt

2

11

18
28
29

Septr 3
16
19
19

Octr 4

1737
Jan 12 Albert Ryckman was buried
by Egbert Brat
23 Haus Hansen's little son
Pieter
David Groesbeeck's little son
Antony Van Schaick
Robt Dunbar's child
Edward Holland's wife was
buried in the English
church
Bastiaen Vischer
Jacob Bogart's daughter
Jobs Scuj'ler's wife*
Migal Besset's son
Georo:e hipkins ['?] was bu-
ried in the English church
Gerret J. Lansing's child
Mattys Vander Heyden's

child
The sister of Wm. Tellers

wife
Dirck Ten Broeck's little

son*
Jobs. Ouderkerk's child
Abram Fonda's child
Jobs Dforeest's child
Adam Yates' child
Domine Van Schie's child
Dirck Hun's little daughter
Sybrant Quack enbos' child
Jacobus V. Valkenbergh's
child

10 Neltie daughter of D. Ryck-
man
Novr 1 Jan Rosie*

19 Benjamin Brats daughter was

buried by [Oliver]
29 Wouter Knickerbacker's
child

17 Douwe Fonda's child

1738

Jan 16 Gerret Van Benthuysen's
wife

18 Killian Winne's child

Feb 3 Dom : Petrus Van Driesen*
14 Cornells Clasen was buried

in his Orchard
12 Migael Basset's child
June 5 Coenraet Rechtmayor's child
6 Gerret Van Benthuisen's

child
9 May ttsVanderHeyden's child

22 Barent Sanders wife
25 Jobs Dforeest's child

Augt 25 Elsje Lansing

25 Hendk Ridder's child

26 Nicolas Bleecker's child
Sept 17 Heud M. Roseboem's child

23 Jacobus Kidnie's child

27 Jan Van Alstyn
Octr 13 Dirck Vander Heyden

17 Neeltie Ryckman was buried
by Antony Brat

Octr 17 Hend'k H. Roseboom's child

do
Novr 7 Casparus Van Yeveren
Deer 2 Abram Vosbergh's child

3 John Van Ostrande's child
12 Jenneke Blyckers

23 Job's Bleecker*

26 Gerritie Draeyers*

31 Jacob B. Ten Eyck's child

1739
Jan 4 Willem Hogen's child
Feb 2 Teunis Egbertse's child

2 Domine Van Schie's child*
Jan 4 Jobs Van Schayck's child
Mch 12 Jobs Van Vechte Jrs. child

23 Jacob Beeckman
Apl 7 Dircktie Vischer was buried

by Rut Van Woert
May 9 Jacob Glen's daughter*
June 3 Geurt Benne way's child
8 Maytts Flensburgh

8 Adrieaen Brat's child
July 10 Hannah Flensburgh

14 Jacobus Redlif 's child

15 Hendrick Oothout
Agt 7 Fredk Vischer" s wife

21 Rychart Hansen's child

22 Gerret Ja Lansing's child

22 Jobs W3'ngarfs child

23 Jobs Douw's child

26 Wouter Knickerbacker's

child
26 Abram Van Deusen's child
Sept 1 Abram Van Deusen's child

9 Abram Lansingh's servant

Jobs
23 David Van der Heyden's son
Nanningh
Octr 3 Leendt Gansvoort'sda.Maria

4 Egbert Bart Egbertse's child

15 Tneunise Egbertse's child

21 Jobs Van Rensselaer's child

was buried at Greenbnsh
23 Pieter Schuyler's child was
buried at the flats

26 Sybrant A.V. Schaick' s little

da.
Novr 12 David A Schuyler's child

16 Susanna wife of Jobs Sy-

monse*
19 Jacob Glen's child*

27 Thomas Scherp's daughter
Deer 18 Jobs E. Wendell

12 Aeltie Oothout

22 Giertie Lansing*
21 Gerrit Roseboom

31 Jobs Van Schaick's child

1740
Jan 4 Anthony Van Dyck

9 Jacobus Groesbeeck's child
16 Cornells Van Dyck's two
daughters

19 Billy Sixberry

20 Harm. B. Vischer's child

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 137

21

23

Septr 30

Feb 12 Freedk Myndertse

25 Hendk Ridder's little child
Apl 1 Anna widow of Billy Sixber-

ry's child [i. e. Billy's child]
27 Gerret Brat's wife
29 Jobs Marselis' child
May 12 Antony Van Scbaick's da.

Elsie
June 8 Gysbert Marselis was buried
by Daniel Brat
24 Claes Van Schayck's wife

26 Jan Fonda

July 4 Hendk Renselaer
12 Pieter Van Brush*
22 Jobs Schuyler*

22 Adriaan Brat's child

23 Isaac Greveraet's child
Augt 10 Abrani Bogart's sister

12 Gerrit Teunisse Van Vech-

ten's child was buried at
Papsknee
Jobs De Forest's child
Tjrck Swits

Barent Van Beuren's child
was buried at Pap;?knee
5 Migal Besset's child
19 Jacobus Redlif s child
Octr 23 Marte Van Beuren was bu-
ried near his own house
Novr 3 Gerrit Jobs Lansing's child
29 Volkert N. Douw's child

1741

Jan 10 Jobs Redlif "s wife Sella

27 Gerrit Ja Lansingb's wife

29 Harpert Jacobse's son Gerret
Feb 5 Elisabeth daughter of Catie
Van Schayck
5 Luvckas Hooghkerk Jrs
child

13 Luyckas Hoogbkeerk's child
26 Jobs Beeckman

Mch 6 Pieter Garmo

9 Mattvs Van der Heyden's
child
13 Luyckas Hooghkerk
Apl 3 Sara Scbuylers was buried
near her residence by P.
Schyuler
9 Maragrietie daughter of Ma-
ria Roseboom
18 Thomas Scherp's son Tomie

24 Anna Sixberry daughter of

Jobs Redlef
June Abram Van Arnem's daugh-
ter

28 Jobs Schuyler Jrs daughter

was buried at the flats
July fiendk Halenbeeck's little
child was bui-ied by
8 Gerrit Benneway
10 Maria Roseboom
12 Anna Van Schayck
22 Jobs Douw's child
24 Jobs Schuyler Jrs child was
buried at the flats

Augt 12 Volkert N. Douw's child
15 Robert Lansingb's child
Beeckman
Andries Brat's child
Octr 6 Dirk Hun's child

15 Coenraet Ten Eyck's daugh-
ter Catrina
Novr 1 Thomas Willem's son Philip

6 Jobs Schuyler Jur. was bu-

ried at the flats
Deer 1 Douwe Js Fonda's child

12 Hans Eversen was buried at

the Lutheran church
19 Arieaentie Wendell*

1742
Jan 6 Melchert A. Van Deusen was
buried at Papsknee

8 Dirck Martin's wife and child
15 Angeneetie Schot widow her

child
May 6 Obedia Coeper

11 Sara Van Brugh* [wife
28 Jobs Jacobuse Lansingb's

June 16 Matty Van der Heyden's child
July 6 Harp'ert Jacobse Van Deu-
sen*

7 Jacob Maasen's child

8 Maria Van Dyck

15 Jobs Van Vechten was buried

at Papsknee
3 Jan Brat's child
27 Jobs Beeckman's servant
31 Anna Van Woert
Agt 5 Jobs Van Vechte's child
6 Jobs Van Goesen's child

9 Willem Waldrum's child

12 Jacob H. Ten Eyck's child
Sept Zacharias Haes' child

6 He-'ter Wendell

19 Gerrit Ja Lansingb's child
Oct 9 Jobs Van Schayck's child

15 KiliaenVanRanselaer's child

24 Catriena En^^elsprecker
Novr 28 Abram Verplauk

5 Debora Hansen*

7 Domine Berly was buried in

the English church

9 Jobs Douw's child

Deer 24 Voyntie wife of Andries Brat

25 Jobs P. Witbeck

1743

Jan 7 Maria Gansevoort

27 Wynant Van den Bergb's
daughter Volkie
Feb 13 Philip Wendell

15 Robert Sanders' wife*
Mch 4 Catbarina Van Ness

9 Antony S. Van Schayck's

wife*
9 Pieter Schuyler's child was

buried at the flats
27 Catlyntie wife of Gerret Van

Ness
38 Marytie Van Schayck

138 Reformed Protestant Butch Church.

Apl 19 Antony Van Schayck's
daughter Catriena

21 Evert Sixberry's child
May 24 Robert Lansing's child

30 Chatie Salomonse
Jane 5 Gerrit Van Nes' child

5 Jobs D. Van der Heyden's

child

20 Jacob Schermerhorn Jr was

buried at Papsknee
July 10 Jobs Eversen's child
Agt 4 Gen-et Ja Lansingh's wife

11 Barent Van Ceuren's wife

was buried at Papsknee
15 Antony Van Yeveren's child

19 Benumen Winne's child

22 Jacobus Redlif 's child

26 Abram Witbeck's child

31 Mattys Van der Heyden's

two children
Sept 6 Jobs Van Zante's wife

Antony Van der Zee's child
Oct 1 Vullenpie Brat was buried by
Rut Van Woert
9 Wouter Knickerbacker's
child

21 Jobs H Wendell

24 Abraham Ouderkerk
Novbr 1 Robert Sander's child*

3 Jacob Van Rutze Voert'e

child
13 Gertie, daughter of Coenraet

Ten Eyck
21 Henderick Gerritz's child

27 David Groesbeek's child
Deer 3 Jobs Redlif 's daughter

6 Thomas Coeper's child

10 Gerret W. Van den Bergh's

child
18 Stephanus Van Renselaer's

son

25 Joseph Redlif ' 8 child

1744
Jan 4 Wouter Groesbeek's child

5 Dirck De Garmo

6 Barent Jans Brat

8 Isaac Frelin's little son

13 Harmen Gansevort's child

Rensselaer
Pebry 7 Dortie Halenbeeck was bu-
ried in the Lutheran grave
yard

14 Wilhelmus Ryckman's child
Mar 2 Gerrit Van Schoonhoven's

wife, Lutheran

3 Antony Van der Zee's child

4 Harmanus H. Wendell's child

7 Jobs M. Flinsburgh's child
April 17 Antony Bogardus

20 Gerrit Jobs Lansingh's child

28 Cornells Ridder

30 Pieter Coeyman was buried
on Beeren Island
May 2 Cornells Van deu Bergh'e
child

June 6

3

17

19

23

July 8

9

13

17

31

9

10

11

13

Augt

16
16

16
24
25
26
28
29
31

Septr 2
15
26

Oct 6
14

Novbr 2
5

Deer 8
14
23
23

Jany 6
22
25

Febry 5
15

Mar 16

April 6

27
May 8

12

June 4

5

18

20
3
3

22

July

23

Augt 4
18

22

26
27

James Stievenson's wife*
Jobs Douw's child
Jan Cell's child
Isaac Frelin's child
Johs Lansingh's wife
Jobs Van Yeveren's child
Isaac Halenbeck's child
Johs Van Wie's child
Stephanus Groesbeck
Antony Van der .Zee's wife
Benjamin Bogart's child
Wouter Groesbeek's child
Johs Jacobse Eversen
Susanna Van den Bergh,

wife of Cornells Clasen
Dom : Cornells Van Schie*
Gerrit W. Van den Bergh's

child
Jacob Van Woert's little son
Hai-men Vischer*
Antony Van der Zee's child
Tobyas Ryckman's wife
Jan Van Amem's child
Nicolas Blecker Jr's child
Abraham H. Wendt ll's child
Isaac Greveraet's child
Bille Bronly's child
Johs Brat's child
Johs Van Aden's wife
Cornells Van Alstyn's child
John Ouderkerk' 8 children
Pieter Fonda's wife

Willem Hogen's

Hendk Van Wie's child
Hendrick Van Wie's wife
Pieter Van Aden's child

1745
Jacob R. Van Woert's child
Harme B Visscher's child
Johs Roseboom*
Johs Oothout
Isaac Ouderkerk's child
Teunis Slingerland's wife
Sanna, da. of Pieter Van

Woert
Wilhelmus Ryckman's child
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (the

Patroon)
Jacob, son of Abram Lansing
Gerret Van Zant's child
Ned Hoek's child
Henrlk Van Hoesen's child
Abraham Lansingh
Joseph Van Zante's wife
Jacob Wendell's child
Johs Boom, a high Dutch-
man
Gerrit d'Ridder's child
Dirk Wyt's child
Stephanus Van Rensselaer's

da.
Cristoffell Abeel's child
Johs Dpeyster's little son*
David Groesbeek's daughter

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 139

Septr 1 Cathiitie, da. or wife of Jobs
Ja Lansing

4 Hendk, son of David A.

Schuj'ler

5 Jacob Wendell was buried at

Greenbnsh

6 Scheeboleth Bogardus's

Eph'm
6 Jeramee Schuyler's daughter

was buried at the flats
10 Isaac Hansen's child
10 Gerrit Brafs child
13 Jobs De Foreest's little son
Septr 14 Geradus Groesbeek's child*
16 Jobs, son of Isaac Lansingh

16 John Courtney's child

17 Hendk Coster*

19 SannakaWendell, da. of Jobs
Van

19 Sybrant Gert Van Schaick's

da.
22 Jobs JaLansingh's child
Octbr 2 Cornells Cuyler's child*

5 Mr. Cateris's child was buried
in the English church

5 Abram Js Fonda's child

6 Gerrit G Lansingb's wife

20 Jobs Douw's little child

28 Jobs Ja : Everson's child

29 Jacob Hansen's child
NovbrS Geertruy Van Vechte was

buried in the Patroon's

vault
15 Elizabeth Wendell was bu-
ried at the flats
17 Barent Staats Jr's son

21 Walraven Cloet's son

21 Arent Slin^rland's child
28 Benumen Hilten's child

30 Asueros Roseboom's wife
Deer 4 Madalena Lansingh

5 Sander Van Woert's child

12 Debora Beeckman

19 Eysabell Staats*

22 Mattys Van den Bergh

23 Daniel Winne Jr's child

1746
Janryll Da\id Van Zante's wife

20 Lammert Koofs child

21 Jacob Muller's daughter

26 JohannisMarselis was buried

by Daniel Brat
28 Jobs Yates's child
Feb 14 Tomas Coeper's little child
Mar 8 Walloven Cloet's daughter
20 Gerret Van Wie's wife was
buritd by his house
April 1 Maria Van Hoesen in the
Lutheran church
1 Son of Jacob Fort

10 Jacob Van der Heyden

11 Wife of Harme Van Hoesen

at the Lutheran church
11 Daughter of Jacob Fort

13 Little son of Jan Van Amem

April 14 Wife of Johannes Cuyler*

15 Child of W outer Js Groes-

beck

16 Jacob Glen*

21 Willem Groesbeck

23 Harmen Van Vechten

27 Child of Abram Fort
May 1 Ryckart Van Franke

3 Gysbert Van Alstyn
12 Martynis C. Van Alstyn
12 Jacob Van Yeveren
12 Barent Van Yeveren

12 Son of Ryner Van Yeveren

13 Child of Levynis Winne

15 JohasRynr Van Yeveren

16 Jacob C. Ten Eyck's child
19 Fredk Ruyter Jr

26 John Lagrange's wife
30 Jobs Roelifse's daughter
June 1 Philip Ruyter

1 Michiel Besset's child

2 Son of Bobbert Wendell

15 Daughter of Philip Winne

17 Child of Adam Yates

19 Wife of Jochem Van der

Heyden

24 Thiefk Beeckman

^ Geertruy, da. of Nich. Groes-
beck

24 Little child of Gen-et G. Lan-
singh

26 Gerret, son of Jobs Rolifsen

28 Abram Fielie

29 Theunis Slingerland

30 Annata, wife of Dirck Wyt

30 Nicolas Js. Groesbeck
July 1 Wifeof JandeVoe

6 Isaac Van Aelstvn
8 Child of TbunisFiele

10 Child of Abram Gardenier

13 Hendrick Brat

16 Child of Willem Ryckman
23 Child of David Van Zante
23 Evert Bogardus

27 Geradus [K]loedt
27 Jan de Voe

29 Child of Franciskis Lansing

20 Debora, da. of Hendk H.

Roseboem
20 Wife of Lymon Vedder

31 Child of Evert Sieger
31 Harme Bogardus

Aug 1 Gerrit Ja Lansingh

1 Child of Abram Finhagen

2 Child of Jobs Beeckman

2 Son of Jobs Sieger

3 Elsie, da. of Jacob Lansing
5 Daughter of Jobs D'Foreest

5 Wendell, son of Evert Wen-

dell

6 Wife of Zacharias Sickel

6 Child of SybrandVan Schayck

7 Child of Michael Besset

8 Child of Hendk Fonda

9 Child of Jacobus Wilton
12 Child of Jobs Van Vecbte

140 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

Aug 12
12
13
14
15
16

17
18
21
21
22
22

25
26
26

26

26
28
31

Sept 4
5
5
5

Oct

30

1

1

4

7

7

11

17

22

36

Daughter of Jesse D'Foreest
Jacob, son of Jobs D'Garmo
Child of Johs Slingerland
Barent Vrooman
Hendk H Roseboom
Sybrand H. Van Schaick's

child
Child of Johs Visscher
Child of Frans Wev Bosie
Child of Egbert B. Egbertse
Ragel Liversen
Johs A. Cuyler's child
Child of Sybrand H Van

Schayck
Willem Vander Zee's child
Willem Kitten
Johs, son of Jacob Van

Woert
Willem Ouderkerk
Child of Sara Fort
Wife of Johannes Beeckman
Little child of Claes Gard-

nier's son in law
Wife of Johs Ryckse
Wife of Robt Lansing
Daughter of Samuel Pruyn
Child of Gysbert Mailstyn [i.

e. GysbeVt M Aelstyn]
Child of Sybrant G Van

Schaick
Son of Mattys Bovie
Sander Van Woert
Hendrick Jacobse Beeckman
Wife of Jonatan Witbeck jr.

[Machtel]
Child of Abram Van Arnem
Wife of Johs Hansen
Child ofMr Carteris
Child of Hellagont Lewis
Child of Annietie Groesbeck
Child of Robt Livingston
Child of Wynant C V Bergh
Child of Pieter Schuyler
Daughter of Rychert Hitton
Child of Cornells Martise

Ael>^tjTie
Daughter of Saml Criegeer
Little son of Li^-ynis Winne
Elisabeth, daughter of Rut

Van Woert
Child of Jonas Oothout
ChiUrof Isaac Smtts
Child of Jacob Bleaker
Hendk Gansevoort
Daughter of Lysbeth Van

Vechten
Joh-< Ouderkerk
Wife of Olderick Van Pranke
Child o Zacharias Sickel
Daughter of Da^id Dforeest
Child of Pieter Missel
Child of Jonatan Witbeck
Johaanis Van Scharluyn
Wife of Hugan Frele
Son of Isaac Bogert
Abraham Dox

Oct 27 Johannis A Cuyler

30 Child of Jacob Ten Eyck
Nov 2 Martie Fonda

3 Susanna P Wendell

5 Killiann Winne, a young man

(of Pakesie)
7 John Schuyler jr. in the

church
10 Daughter of Evert Wendell

13 Child of Hendk Gerrit Van

Nes

14 Sara, daughter of Isaac Gree-

veraet

16 Jan Cristiaense

23 Gerritie Roseboom, in the

church
23 Wyntie Berrit
25 Child of Mr Corrie
Dec 3 Child of Luykas Tomase

Witbeck

17 Daughter of Adriaen Quack-

enbos

19 Catreen Bovie

20 Gerrit Van Wie

25 Johs Van Vechten

26 Lowis Schredell

31 Child of Richert M Van

Franke

1747
Jan 7 Child of Christialan Lagraniel

16 Child of Barent A Staats

17 Sannake Schuyler

Feb 1 Child of PieterWaldrun, near
his house
23 Wife of Johs Van Rensselaer,
in the church
Mar 2 Johs Schuyler, in the church
12 Gerrit Teunisse Van Vechten
14 Geertruy Groesbeck
19 Maycke Ouderkerk, by Pie-
ter Van Woert
Apr 14 Volckie, wife of Wynant V
de Bergh
16 by William Rogers jr

19 Child of John Don way
May 1 Child of Arent Van Deusen
9 Symon Daniels
10 Son of John Whitbeck died

and was buried
25 Wife of Scheeboleth Bogar-
dus
Jun 10 Child of Abraham Yeats

21 Cornells Van Dyck
July 1 Patroon Stephen Van Rena-
selaer, at the mills
2 Evert Van Nes' ^afe
4 Cornells Swarthout
14 Jacob Bleecker
14 Abraham Cuyler, in the

church
16 Child of Wouter Knicker-
backer

18 Little son of Mr Catries, in

the English church

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 141

July 24 Wife of Meyndert Schuyler,
In the church
31 Margrietie, daughter of
Abram Lans^iu^
Aug 4 Child of Jacob van Benthui-
sen
5 Child of V P Douw, in the

church
5 Child of Benjamin Goewey
9 Jacob Seene

11 Son of Pieter Van Beuren

12 Jan Van Nes

13 Child of Abram Ja Lansing

14 Child of Benjamin Van

Vechte

15 Child of Mattys Van d Hey-

den

18 Child of Andries Van Wie

19 Johs Marselis jr, by Egbert

Brat
19 Little girl of Elisabeth d

Wandlaer
24 Child of Levynis Winne
24 Child of Dirck Van der Hey-

den

26 Child of Abram Lansing

27 Child of Wouter N Groes-

beck

29 Catriua, daughter of Elisa-

beth Wendell

30 Daughter of Calyntie Van

der Bergh
30 Child of Bastiaen Tymesse
Sept 4 Child of Daniel Hussen

5 Child of Jacobus Schuyler
5 Wife of Philip Winne
5 Daughter of Ayre Oothout
7 Child of Adriaan Quackenbos

7 Child of Robert Sanders

8 Child of Gysbert Van Brakel

9 Son of Gerrit Marselis [Ja-

cob]
10 Jochim, son of Johs Visscher
10 Gerrit, son of Heudk Gerritse
10 Child of Sybrant Quackenbos

10 Jochem, son of Johs Van der

Heyden

11 Two children of Benjamin

Bogart

12 Child of Hendk Bries

12 Child of Volkert Van den
Bergh

12 Daughter of Neeltie Brat

13 Giedcon Quackenbos

16 Child of Sybrant Goes Van

Schaick

16 Child of Benjamin Goewey

17 Daughter of Neeltie Brat
17 Child of Evert Lansingh
17 Child of Peter Schuyler

19 Little son of Evert Wendell

20 Nicolas Bleecker jr

20 Annake, daughter of Petrus

Bogardus
20 Catrina, widow of Willem

Groesbeck, her child

Sept 20 Daughter of Catrina, widow
of Martyn "Van Aalstyn
21 Child of Zacharias Haes
21 Child of John Willems
21 Child of Evert Lansingh
23 Child of Dirk Giver
23 Child of Isaac Hansen

23 Daughter of Arye Oothout

25 Child of Robert Wendell

26 Child of Abraham H Wendell
26 Child of Cornells C Van den

Bergh

26 Schieboleth Bogardus

27 Child of Rebecca, widow of

Hendk Brat

27 Child of Ryckait Hansen

28 Child of Johs Cloet

28 Child of Rynier Van Hoesen

30 Two children of Willem Gys-

bert Van den Bergh
Oct 1 Wife of Isaac de Voe

2 Child of Johannis Van Wie

2 Child of Nicolas Cuyler

3 Daughter of Willem Van d

Bergh
3 Child of Harmen Hun
3 Little son of Barent V Yeve-

ren
3 Child of Jacob Bogart jr

12 Child of Sybrant Goes Van

13 Child of James Stenhuys

20 Wife of Isaac Ouderkerk

25 Wife of Rutger Blecker
Nov 17 Maryte Winne

26 Child of Johannis Lansingh

jr
Dec 2 Child of Harme Knicker-
backer
3 Coenradt (Rutesmayor)
15 Child of John Fryer

21 Wife of Gerrit Rycksen

24 Child of ComelesWaldrum

25 Wife of Pieter Davids Schuy-

ler

1748
Jan 13 Geritie Rykerson

14 Little son of Catalyntie Rose-

boom
19 James, son of Rolf Schoon

26 Daughter of Jellis D Garmo
Feb 9 GeestieKipp

25 Annate Hilton

25 Obadya Cooper's child

28 Child of Johs Van Yeveren
Mar 2 Child of Pieter Schuyler

23 Wife of Isaac Fonda

29 Daughter of Cornelia Cooper

31 Child of Gerrit Marselis
Apr 3 Child of Dirck B VanSchoon-

hoven
3 Johs Wendel's cosyn (i. e.

nephew ?)
9 Wife of James Steinhuys
17 Wife of Obadya Coeper

142 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

Apr 19 Child of Jobs Ten Eyck

21 Wife of Pieter Van Beuren
.24 Marya Gerritse

May 16 Madame Margrita Collans, in
the cliurch
20 Wife of Abraham Vinhagen

24 Evert Ryckse

25 Johannis Beneway
30 Johaunis Hansen

Jun 10 Alyda Visscher
July 5 Child of Thomas Seeger
8 Nicholas Schuyler

10 Child of Jan Brat

17 Childof Adam Yates

20 Pieter Quackenbos

24 Child of Robert Sanders, near

his house
24 Child of Abraham Lansingh,

near his house
29 Child of Jacob H Ten Eyck
Aug 3 Jobs L Whitbeck
6 Jobs G Lansingh

15 Child of Antony Vaii der Zee

16 Wife of Andries [Mahaus]

17 Child of Jacob Egmond

27 Eachel, daughter of John
Whitbeck

29 Lydia Van Vechte, in the

church

30 Child of Hendk Van Nes
Sept 2 Catie Van Weie

4 Pieter Ryckman

11 Wife of Tomas Coeper

19 Melgert, son of David Groes-
beck

27 Two children of Cornells

Winne, by his house
Oct 2 GerritJs Lansingh

6 Child of Cornells Sanford

13 Wife of Volkert N Douw
24 Child of Cornells Van Nes

Nov 3 Bregie, sister of Cornells
Clasen
3 Wife of Tomas Scherp

6 Childof Johannis V Douw

1749
Jan 3 Rynier Van Hoesen

22 Child of Tomas Coyper

26 Tryntie Vrooman

26 Jacobus Van Schoonhoven

28 Jan Dreth
Feb 12 Willem Hilten

16 Child of Dirk Van Aesdale

17 Child of Jacob H Ten Eyck,

by his house
Mar 6 Child of Pieter Lansingh

18 Catrina, daughter of Claes

Van Woert
Apr 3 Wife of Jacob R Van Woert

7 Ragel Redliff'

10 Johannis Visscher

14 Sara, wife of Robert Lan-

singh
14 The child of Arye Oothout's
[daughter]

Apr 25 Daughter of Jobs Janz Lan-
singh
Jun 13 Child of Petrus Van Loon
14 Child of Robt Livingston

16 Wife of Barent Staats jr

17 Child of Cornells C Van der

Bergh
27 Child of Jobs Ten Eyck
July 1 Child of Robt Lansingh
2 Lievynis Lieversen
7 Gelyn Verplanck

20 Child of Jacobus Cleerment
31 Child of Mr Kartryt, in Eng-
lish church

Aug 3 Child of Volkert Van der
Bergh
11 Child of Bethe Wilsen

18 Child of Jacobus Cleement

23 Johannis Pruyn

31 Benjamin Van Vechte
31 Son of Berrit Staats
Sept 3 Child of Benjamin Hilten

17 Pieter Van Aelen
Oct 2 Debora Roseboom

6 of Jacob Lansingh

9 Child of Volkert P Douw

24 Child of Harme Gansvort
29 Gysbert Roseboom

Nov 4 Child of Jonas Oothout

6 Lyntie, wife of Abram Douw

11 Child of Killiaen Van Rensse-

laer
Dec 3 John, son of Ruben Van

14 Child of Abram Yates

25 Annatie, wife of Antony Van

dZee

26 Antie de Ridder

1750
Jan 3 Wife of Nicolas Cuyler, at the
flats

19 Wife of Joseph Yeats [Hen-

drike ?]
Feb 9 Child of John R Bleecker, in

the church
Mar 7 Child of Roelf, servant of

Pieter Winne
9 Marya Van Deusen

21 Child of Harmen B Visscher

22 Child of \ntony Brat jr
Apr 7 Bettie Wilson

12 Jobs Van Allen
17 Robert Wendell

24 Cornells Van Vechte

29 Son of James Stevenson, in
the church
May 4 Evert Wendell

25 Gerrit Ja Lansingh's child
June 7 MarteHogan

13 [Tunik ?] Hoogh

22 Luycas Hooghkerk's child

26 Child of Pieter D Wandelier
July 6 Child of Gerrit Van Franke

22 Daughter of Hendrick Lan-
eingh

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 143

July 25 Child of Jacob Ja Lansing
Aug 5 Child of Rychart Hansen

23 Abigail Verplank
Sep 15 Nicolaes Van Schaick

16 Wife of Jobs de Peyster, in

the church
28 Son of Hendrick Halenbeeck

30 Jobs F Van Yveren's child
Oct 17 Salomon Van Vechte, [on the

other side ?]
22 Jobs Vinhagen, near his
bouse
Nov 6 Luychas Hoogbkerk's wife

17 Child of Marte Bockley

18 Elbert Gerrits, in the church

19 Little daughter of Annake,

widow Heter Van Alen

28 Child of Philip Hansen

Dec 5 Child of David Van der Hey-
den

11 Child of Jobs Douw

31 Daughter of Adam Yaets

1751

Jan 4 Nicolaes Bleecker, in the
church
7 Dirck Ten Broeck, in the
church

14 Child of Staets Zantfort
30 Anna Kiscbenar

Feb 9 Daughter of Gerrit Van Zante
9 Child of John Fryer

17 Child of Barennardus Harscn
Mar 10 Child of Pieter M de Garmo

15 Child of Pieter D Wandelaer
19 Little son of Rvckart Hansen
21 Wife of Pieter D Wandelaer

25 Child of Willem Van Beuren,

at Papsknee

26 Child of Antony Van Yveren
Apr 3 Child of Willem Van Zante

4 Philip Loock, by his house

12 Child of Abraham Lausingh

16 Little girl of (Volkert P

Douw) Catie Cropel
21 Child ot Evert Seeger

25 Wife of Jacobus Groesbeck

29 Heudk de Witt's son's child
May 4 Little son of Gerrit G Van

der Bergh

18 Hendrick Douw

28 Child of Jobs MFlensburgh
June 4 Little child of Jobs Ten Eyck.
10 Child of Tobias Ten Eyck

26 Antony Ay Brat's wife
July 7 Antony Ay Brat's child

14 Child of Geradus Groesbeeck
18 Child of Tam Smitd

Aug 10 Child of Billy Bromly

26 Child of Michael Besset
Sep 2 Antony Van Zante

5 Annetie. wife of Claes Fonda

15 Wife of Adam Yates

Oct 13 Daughter of Sybrant A Van
Schaick

30 Wife of John G Roseboom

Nov 3 Children of Hendrick G Van
Nes

12 Child of John R Bleecker, in

the church

1752

Jan Wife of Volkert Douw

Feb 5 Barentie Everse
26 Arye Oothout

26 Daughter of Jobs Cloett
Mar 6 Wife of Jacob Maasen

9 Wife of Rolif Seeger
19 Jannetje, wife of Jobs Gr
Lansingh
Apr 16 Wife of Pieter Willems
May 4 Willem Van Scharluyn
Jun 2 Cornells de Hiller

27 Samuel Pruyn

30 Child of Killiaen Van Rensse-
laer
July 2 Elsie Cuyler, in the church
7 Child of Roelif, servant of
Pieter Winne

19 Child of Jobs Ten Eyck
9 Neeltie Beeckman

11 Asweurus Wendell
26 Children of Gerrit Jobs Lan •
Singh

28 Barent Staats, at the Hogh-

bergh
30 Child of Abram Yates
Aug 9 Child of Jobs Gansvoort
9 John Waters

17 Willem Van Beuren, at Paps-

knee

18 Daughter of Margrietie, wi-

doAv of Nicolas Bleecker
18 Child of Billy Bronbely
26 Elisabeth Hooghkerk
Sep 20 Child of Wilhelmus Van den
Bergh jr

26 Child of Wouter Knicker-

backer
30 Catie Witbeck, at Papsknee
Oct 1 The sister of Gerrit Van der
Bergh's wife
3 Wife of Marte D Stiller
5 Willem, son of David Groes-

5 Child of Dirk Olfer

5 Child of Geradus Lansingh

13 Cornells Winne, at Bethel-

hem

21 Ryer Gerrits

22 Child of John Jobs Lansingh
30 Child of Thomas Seeger

Nov 12 Child of Gerrit Van Franken
13 Child of Jacob VanSchayck

20 Child of Jobs Bleecker jr

23 Thomas Willems
Dec 4 Wife of Jobs Bleecker

27 Child of Jacob Coeper

29 Child of Antony Gose Van

Schayck
29 Child of Antony Egbertie
Brat

144 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

Jan 23 Coenraet Ten Eycke
Feb 6 Antony Coster, in the church
10 Child of Barenhardus Harsen

16 Child of John Jacobse Ever-

sen
23 Hester Van Aernem
Mar 5 Tryntie Waldrum

20 Elsie, dauEThter of Leendert
Gansevoort

25 Child of Jacob Bogart jr

29 Edward Collins in our church
May 4 Pieter Schuyler's child, at

the flats

19 Child of Abram Yatea

Jun 16 Child of Pieter Johs Garmo

26 Willem Mecryda

30 Abraham E Wendell
July 8 Child of Harmea Hun

28 Child of Isaac Hanse
Aug 1 Son of Gerrit Van Zante

10 Child of Johs Flensburgh

11 Child of Johs Gansevoort
13 Child of Marte Van Yveren

Sept 2 Volkert Douw

2 Pieter Schuyler jr, at the flats

3 Cornelis Slingerlandt, at Nis-

catha
6 Wife of John Bertely, by

Koeyeman
8 Child of AdriaenQ,uackenbo8
11 Child of Marte Van Yveren
13 Wife of Thomas Seger

17 Sarah Hoogkerk

22 Hendrick Bries, at Papsknee

23 Child of Philip Hansen

29 Child of Abram Coeper
Oct 16 Joseph Janz Van Zante

20 Mr. Smit the schoolmaster's

child

22 Wife of Benjamin Egbertz
Nov t John Roseboom [Doxter]

28 Child of Isaac Fonda
Dec 5 Child of Steven Van Schack

10 Jeramiah Schuyler, at the

flats
15 Child of Jacob Van dcr Hey-
den, near his house

1754

Jan 3 Ragel Van der Heyden, at the
flats
13 Elisabeth Corlaer, in the
church
Feb 5 Rabecca, mfe of Pieter Bo-
gart
22 Wife of Johs Van der Heyden
26 Christofi'el Yates
Mar 8 Ariaentie, wife of Douw Van
Vechten

11 Elisabeth, wife of Jonas

Oothout [was a Lansing]

18 A High Dutchman

Apr 25 Geertruy, wife of Ryer
Gerritz

Apr 25 Daughter of Johs Van Rens-
sellaer
29 Child of Martin Bockeley
May 10

19 Wife of Marte Bockely
Jun 13 Johs D Freest

23 Child of Isaac Freest
Jul 10 Child of Abram Bogart jr

10 Child of Gysbert Fonda, " ta-
vont ' '

17 Samuel Coeyman
Aug 11 Harme Hun's child

17 Child of Willem Winne

20 Catryn, wife of James Way

23 Child of Wouter Groesbeeck

28 Jan, son of Harm Van

Hoesen
Sept 1 Abram Pells

8 Child of Johs M De Garmo

8 Child of Herry Van Dyck

9 Wife of Samuel Cregier
22 Child of Pieter Waldrum
25 Wife of Petrus Hilton

27 Child of Cornelis Groot
Oct 2 Child of Petrus Hilten

7 Child of Theunis Van Vechte

10 Child of John Davids

11 Wife of Adriaen Brat

17 Cornelia, daughter of Johs

Freest

18 Wife of Antony Johs Brat

21 Child of Adriaen Brat
21 Child of Rykert Hansen

21 Child of Capt Hischen Hol-
land

27 Elisabeth Vischer, mother of

H Vischer

29 Hendrick Roseboom
Nov 12 Harmanis P WendeU

14 G«ertie Groesbeeck

25 Bettie Groesbeeck

26 Child of Gerrit Lansingh
Dec 3 Child of Ben Williams

7 Luyckas J Wyngart, in the
church

12 John Daniels

18 Catrina, wife of David Groes-

beek jun
18 Wife of Robert Berret

21 Wife of Wynant C Van den

Bergh

28 Wife of Hendrick Van Nes

1755

Jan 4 Annatie, wife of Ryckert Van

Francke
11 Jacob Eversen
14 Abraham Wendell
16 Child of Johs Yates, at

Greenbush

22 Wife of Robert Wendell, at

the flats

24 Child of Henry Van Dyck

27 Jannetie Gelen, in the church
Feb 5 Hendk Eversen

Mar 6 Eva Beeckman

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 145

Mar 13 Child of Jacob Johs Van der
Heyden
20 Child of Johs Johs Lansingh
22 Wife of Johannis Goewey
28 Abram To's Witbeck's wife,
at Papsknee
May 5 A child buried by David
Groesbeeck

6 Child of Abram Yates

7 Wife of Isaac Ouderkerk

8 Child of Johs Seeger's young-

est daughter
June 4 Jacob Maasen

6 Daughter of Geriit Van

Zante

7 Daughter of Salomon Goe-

wey

11 Child of Dirk Van der Hey-

den

12 Wife of Johs Fonda, at the

patroon's
July 9 Wife of Rutger Van Woert
11 Wife of Abraham Van Ar-

num (Ja Lansingh do)
19 Child of John Lausingh

21 Child of John Lansingh

22 Child of Pieter Gansvort

23 Child of Robt Berrit

24 Child of Geradus Lansingh

26 Child of Volkert P Douw, in

the church

29 Cornells Bogart

30 Child of David Abeel

Aug 3 Isaac Fryer, in the English
church
4 Marte Van Aelstyn, son of
MartjTi

10 Child of Bennonie

15 (Janna Peisen)

22 Child of Johs Johs Wendell

23 Child of Philip Deforeest
Sept 2

3 Child of Fredk Gerrits

6 Wife of Daniel Haelenbeeck

11 Child of Harm Gansevort

18 Child of Eobt Crannel
27

27 Child of Volkert Van den

Bergh
Oct 7 Child of Daniel Haelenbeck
8 Mayors Foot, by Pieter
Douw
21 Myndert Schuyler, in the
church

24 Willem Hilton, a young man

25 Isaac Fort

31 Johs N Schuyler, at the

Hoghbergh
Nov 3 Harm Ryckman

4 Child of Jacob Gerritz Van

Schayck

12 Johs Isa Wendell (in) Boston

16 A New-England officer, by

John E Wendell

19 Child of Arent Van Deusen

20 Cristina Cuyler, in the chiu'ch

13

Nov 22. Child of Pieter M de Garmo

24 Pieter Martin

25 Child of Andries Gardinier
Dec 3 Hendriekis M Beeckman

15 Child of Abram Peeck

17 Child of Abram P Bogart

1756
Jan 2 Elisabeth Brat, in the church
6 Douwe Isa Fonda's wife
6 Herry Abeel
21 Appeelonie Merit
21 By Johs Flensburgh, Sirsie-
man
Feb 2 Gerrit Roelfse

4 Wife of Rynier Meyndertse,

by R V Woert
14 Child of Maria Van der Hey-
den
Mar 4 Child of Jhs Knickerbacker
4 Child of Johs Ja Eversen
6 Child of Abraham Ten
Broeck

18 Willem Nicolaes, in the

church
20 Lybitie Olinde

20 Child (son) of Waldraven

Cloet

21 Child of Abram H Wendell

26 Child of Harme Gansevoort
Apr 6 Wife of Pieter Douw

6 Samuel Ten Broeck

8 Maria, wife of Cornells Van

Dyck
12 Johs, son of Willem Van

Zante
May 18 Child of Abram Van Francke
18 Cornells Waldrum

27 Son of John Raely

30 Wife of Jacob Van Woert
June 8 A son of Spinger

9 Luycas, son of Luyckas

Hoogkerke
21 Wife of Abram Mynderse
27 Thuuis Van Vechte
Jul 13 John Bries,by Jan Witbeeken
21 Child of Thunis Van Vechte
23 Child of Isaac Fonda jr

31 Child of Jacob Sprager
Aug 2 Johs Halenbeeck, by Abram

Yates
5 Rutger Bleecker, in the

church
10 Child of Johs Ten Eyck
10 Madame Van Driesen, in the

church
d4 Child of Fredk Cloet
17 Child of Rutger Van den

Bergh
23 Child of Harm J Visscher
26 Child Petrus Vosburgh

26 A [Abram Van Duse]

27 Mary Wyngart

28 Child of John M Beeckman
28 Child of John Cloet jr

28 Child of Johs JaMuUer

146

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,

Aug 29 Jesee Winne

30 Child of Abram Ja Lansingh
Sept 1 Child of Abram Van den
Bergh
1 Wife of Hendk Mayor
5 Child of Bastian T Visscher
5 Child of Antony Flensburgh

5 Jobs Brat Brat

11 Leindert Van Vechte

13 Daughter of Oldrick Van

Francke
17 Child of Jobs Vap Zante jr
19 John E Wendell

19 Wife of Harmanus Wendell

21 Child of Cornelis M Vanden

Bergh

22 A Roeyland man, by Jobs

Peys

25 Child of Andries Gardanier
27 Jesse D Forest

27 Jobs Arie Ootbout
29 A by Jobs Visscher Harme
Oct 2 A by Staets Santford

6 Jobs Poc ....

7 Wife of Albartus Maase

11 Child of Dirk BVan Schoon-

boven

12 Robert Berret

15 Child of Albartus Maase

15 Wife of Pieter Maase

16 Child of Robert Sanders, bu-

ried Barent

17 Jacob Lansingh, by his house

18 Maria, daughter of Aswerus

20 Son of Jacobus Schuyler

21 Pieter S Bogardus
24 Maria Van Aelstyn

26 Jobs Beeckman

26 JohsPierson

27 Pieter Lorkerman

29 Wife of Andries Gardinier

jun

30 Child of James Adam
30 Child of Pieter Maasen

Nov 4 Pieter Goewey

5 Barent, sou ot John Bleecker
7 Child of Martynis Cregier
18 Willem Bort, patooman
18 Child of Jobs Ja Eversen

29 Daughter of Jobs Ten Broeck
Dec 6 Hans Hansen

17 Jan Maasen jr

20 Henry Douvv, at Greenbusb

28 A Highdutchman's wife

30 Catie Van Schayck

31 Madame Elisabeth Van Rens-

selaer

1757
Jan 6 Wife of Harm Liverse
7 Willem Crennel

7 Little son of Geradus Grooes-

beeck

8 Child of a Highdutchman
10 Son of Edward Willems
16 Child of Harm Liverse

Jan 19 Jobs Redlif

21 Wifeof David Groesbeeck

22 Son of Edward Willems
24 Olderick Van Francke

26 Child of Geradus Groes-
beeck
Feb 1 Wife of Pieter Quackenbos
6 Son of Geradus Groesbeeck
9 Wife of John Kaar
13 Ragel Bogardus
Mar 15 Jobs, son of Roelf Seger

17 Child of the daughter of Jobs

Wyngart
31 Child of Jobs Coon
May 2 Catrina, wife of Isaac Vos-
bergh
3 Elisabeth Koster, in the
church

6 Two children of Volkert Van

den Bergh
9 Child of Abram Bogart
10 Johannis Bleecker
15 Wife of Abram H Wendell
28 Child of Jacob Van Schayck
30 Wife of Meyndert Marselis
30 Daughter of SjTuon Vedder
Jime 2 Child of Pieter Waldrum

7 Child of Jobs Van Yveren
17 Wife of Jobs Segers jr

23 Child of Pieter Hilton

24 Geoi'gie Lombers

26 Child of David Sprugert

30 Catrien, daughter of Gysbert

Van den Bergh
28 Child of Frans Lansingh
Jul 11 Sonof Dirk Brat VanSchoon-

hoven Cose
21 Child of the widow of Jesse

Winne

27 Wife of Jacob Roseboom
27 A man, by Staats Zautfort

31 Little son of Isaac D Fonda
Aug 3 Child of Jellis K Winne

5 Child of Gysbert Marselis
10 Child of Harm B Visscher

13 Child of Pieter Messel

14 Daughter of Dirk B Scboon-

hoven
24 Child of Jonas Ootbout

26 Child of Jacob Ja Lansingh

27 Gerrit Janz Lansingh

28 Child of Jobs M Beeckman
Sept 1 Child of Jobs M Flensburgh

2 Wife of Hendk Seeger

2 Child of Antony Van Yveren

5 Child of Jacob Bogart

7 Little girl of Jonas Ootbout

12 Child of Abram Freest

13 A Boston captain, by Abram

Lansingh

14 Sara Luykase

15 Child of Dom Freelinghuyse
20 CbiK of Pieter M D Garmo

29 John Fryer's child

29 Child of Hend Wendel
Oct 7 Child ot Pieter Jongs

Houses in Albany in 1786.

147

Oct 9 Child of Jacob G Van
Schayck
12 Child of Will Van den Bergh

jr
12 Child of Antony Van der Zee
14 Child of Michel Bessett
18 Child of Philip D Foreest
20 Child of Cornells Santford
20 Child of Marte Van Eyvere
22 Child of Johs Knickerbacker
Nov 9 Child of Bastiaen Visscher
12 Child of PetrusVosburgh

Nov 14 Hester Swits

21 Barent Sanders, in the church

22 Child of Thunis Van Woert
30 Child of Pieter Waldrum

Dec 1 Childof Johs Van Zante

5 An officer, by Symon Ridder
10 Child of Hendk Gerrits
12 Lena Lansingh
12 Child of Pieter Lansingh
12 Bastiner G

1599 burials.

HOUSES m ALBANY IN 1786.

In 1786 the number of houses in Albany was found by
actual enumeration to be 550. A statement of the number
of houses in the principal cities and towns at this time, will
serve to show their relative proportions.

Philadelphia 4900

New York, 3500

Boston, 2100

Baltimore, 1600

Charleston (S. C.),...1540

Albany, 550

New Haven, 400

Hartford, 300

It will be seen that Albany was the sixth in point of num-
ber. The census of Boston was found to be at that time,
14,640, exclusive of strangers, which gives seven persons to
a house. At this rate Albany would have had 3,850
inhabitants. To carry out the calculation, Philadelphia
would have contained 32,200 ; New York, 24,500; Baltimore,
13,300; Charleston, 10,780. The number of strangers
might have increased the estimate one-eighth. The popula-
tion of these places, however, is known to have differed con-
siderably from the above estimates.

148 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.

EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN EBENEZER CHURCH.

The edifice recently occupied
by this congregation as a place
of worship, and of which the en-
graving is but a poor sketch, was
pleasantly located on the corner
of Pine and Lodge streets. It
was very plainly constructed of
stone and stuccoed. The corner
stone was laid on Thursday, Sept.
21, 1816,1 by the Rev. Mr.
Mayer, the pastor, assisted by
Philip Hooker, the architect.
Its dimensions were 40 by 60
feet, and the expense of its erec-
tion was about $25,000. In
1848 it was repaired, and its in-
terior thoroughly renovated, at an
expense of upwards of 84,000.

We have not been able to as-
certain the precise date of the
first establishment of a Lutheran
church in Albany, but Father Jogues speaks of Lutherans
here in 1644. The early immigrants, coming from Hol-
land, were principally Calvinists, with strong predilections
for the principles propounded by the Synod of Dort, and em-
bodied under the name of the Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church; yet, although the predominating sect, they seem to
have found many difficulties in the way of supporting their

^ This edifice was demolished in October, 1868, and the corner
stone was found.containing an inscription engraved on copper, in the
follo^^ing words : " The corner stone of the Lutheran Church was
laid September 21, 1816, by Frederick Gr. Mayer, Pastor of the Con-
gregation, and P, Hooker, architect ; Charles' Newman, Christopher
Monk, John C. Feltman, Hennanus Henderer and Philip Talbot,
trustees." Not one of the persons mentioned on the plate survived
in 1868, but all had long been dead.

Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church, 149

own churcli, which was often without a pastor. Before
1680, however, the Lutherans had a church here, in spite of
the opposition they met with ] for they seem to have been
the first sect which the dominant party thought necessary to
restrain in their mode of worship.' Application had been
made at an early date, to the directors in Holland, to allow
professors of this creed liberty to elect a pastor, and perform
the free exercise of their religion in New Netherland. But
these privileges were refused, and orders were sent over " to
employ all moderate exertions to lure them to our churches,
and to matriculate them in the public reformed religion,'' -
Moderation is of little avail, where conscience interposes
scruples. Fathers were compelled, contrary to their prin-
ciples, to assist at the baptism of their children in the Dutch
church, and as well as the sponsors, to declare their belief in
the doctrines promulgated by the Synod of Dort. Many who
objected to this were imprisoned. In a letter dated March
10, 1656,'^ De Decker alludes to a certain placard drawn up
and published by the authorities at Beverwyck, " against the
congregation of some Lutherans, which has also been exe-
cuted against the contraveners and disobedient." The
Lutherans also sent over complaints, which led to the cen-
sure of Stuyvesant, and the aggrieved were permitted to
worship in their own houses. This, however, was not enough ;
they demanded freedom from interruption in their worsliip.
The director general avowed his determination to enforce
the law against schismatical worship. The Lutherans ap-
pealed to him, Oct. 24th, 1656, as follows ; " We, the united
brethren of the Augsburg Confession here in New Netherland,
show with all due reverence how that we have been obedient
unto your honor's prohibitions and published placards, unwil-
ling to collect together in any place to worship our God
with reading and singing, although we solicited our friends
in our fatherland to obtain this privilege ; who as our solici-
tors exerted themselves in our behalf by the noble directors
of the West India Company, our patrons; when after their
letters to us, containing their entreaties, they obtained that

^ O'Callaghcm's History of New Netherland, ii, 319 - 30.
^ Alba7iy Records, iv, 130.
' Fort Orange Records.

150 Evangelical Lutheran Ehenezer Church.

they resolved unanimously and concluded that the doctrine
of the unaltered Augsburg Confession might be tolerated in
the West Indies and New Netherland, being under their di-
rection, as is the practice in our fatherland under its ex-
cellent government; wherefore we address ourselves to your
honor, willing to acknowledge your honor, as dutiful and
obedient servants, with prayer that you will not any longer
interrupt our religious exercises, which we, under God's
blessing, are wishing to make, with reading and singing, till
as we hope and expect, under God's aid, next spring, a quali-
j&ed person shall arrive from our fatherland to instruct us,
and take care of our souls." Accordingly, in July of the
following year, the Rev. Johannes Ernestus Goetwater, a
Lutheran minister, arrived with a commission from the con-
sistory at Amsterdam, authorizing him to act as pastor to
the Lutheran congregation at the Manhattans. The Dutch
ministers, Megapolensis and Drisius, took active measures to
procure his instant expulsion, demanding that he should be
sent back to Holland in the same ship in which he arrived .
Sickness alone prevented the immediate execution of the
harsh and unchristian mandate, and he was put on the limits
of the city for the time being, and finally forced to embark
for Holland.' The department at Amsterdam, although
desirous of soothing the feelings of the Lutherans, could do
little to relieve their grievances, and in the hope of winning
ihem over, ordered some alterations to be made in the formula
of baptism, ns then practiced in the American orthodox
church, to make it less objectionable.

The British dynasty brought with it full permission to
the Lutherans to follow their mode of worship. On the
13th of October, 1669, Gov. Lovelace publicly announced
that he had " lately received letters from the duke, wherein
it is particularly signified unto me, that his royal highness
doth approve of the toleration given to the Lutheran church
in these parts. I do therefore expect that you live friendly
and peaceably with those of that profession, giving them
no disturbance in the exercise of their religion, as they
shall receive no countenance in, but on the contrary strictly
answer any disturbance they shall presume to give unto any
of you in your divine worship.''

O'CallagMii's History of New Netherland, ii, 345, 346.

Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 151

The Lutherans seem to have succeeded in gathering a
church here before 1670, for it is found that the functions
of their minister, the Rev. Johannes Fabritius, were in that
year suspended by the public authorities.^ It is supposed to
have been about this time that the Lutherans erected a church
and parsonage in Albany, fronting on Pearl street, between
Howard and Beaver streets, long since known as the Centre
Market.2 Capt. Abram Staets (or Staas'^) obtained a patent
of that lot on the 25th of October, 1653, which he sold to
the officers of the Lutheran congregation on the 28th of
March, 1680. The original deed, having the above date,
states that the lot was already occupied by a Lutheran church, 'i^
and a house in which the domine lived. The consideration
money is not stated, but it is distinctly set forth that the
Jirst and last penny were paid^ which certainly puts a very
credible finish to the aspect of the transaction. The follow-
ing is a copy of the original deed, and a translation :

Compareerde voor my Robert Li-
vingston, Seer, van Alhauy, Colonic
Eensselaerswyk ende Schaenhech-
tady, &ca, ten overstaen van de E. acht-
baar heercn, Mr. Andries Teller & Mr.
Cornells Van Dyk, commissarissen
der selver Gerechte, Maj. Abraham
Staas, d'welke verclaerde in waren
Rechten, vryen, E\ geudom te cederen
Transporteereu, en over te draegen,
aen en ten behoeve van Albert Bratt,
Myndert frederickse ouder Lingen,
Anthony Lespinard en Carsten i're-
derickse Diakens van d'Luyterse ge-
meente hier in Albany, seker buys
en Erv, staeuQe ende geiegen alhier
in Albany, met all es datteraen Aerde

Appeared before me. Robert Living-
ston, Secretary of Albany, Colony of
Rensselaerswyck and Schenectady,
etc., in the presence of the honorable
Messieurs Andries Teller, and Cor-
nells Van Dyck, commissaries of the
same jurisdiction, Maj. Abraham
Staets, who declares that in true
rights, free ownership, he grants,
conveys, and makes over, to and for
the behoof of Albert Bratt, Myndert
Frederickse, elders, Anthony Lispen-
ard. and Carsten Frederickse, deacons
of the Lutheran church here in Al-
bany, in a certain house, standing and
lying here in Albany, with all that
is fast in earth and nailed, on the

^Documentary History of ISfeio York, rv, 13, 22-3.

^ The Centre Market, which cornered on South Pearl and How-
ard streets was removed in 1868, to make room for a new building
for city purposes. The workmen, in digging for laying the founda-
tions, found the remains of several bodies, which were removed to
the new grounds of the Lutherans in the Rural cemetery. There
had been no burials here for nearly a century, and when the
grounds were surrendered to the city in 1816, but one body was
removed, that of John Christopher Hart wick, subsequently spoken
of in this article.

^He arrived 1643, in the same ship with Dom. Megapolensis, and
is believed to be the ancestor of those who take the name of Staats.

* The earliest allusion to this edifice that we have found in the
public records is in a deed of a lot made in 1674. See Albany County
Records, p. 100.

152 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.

& nagel vast is, op d'Eerste kil, be-
lendende ten suyden d'eerste kil,
voortz ten noorden d'gewesene ge-
mene Padt, nu gepossideert van Mr.
Pretty, Jacob Sanders, Johannes
Wendel, Myndert Harmense & Hend.
Cuyler, ten oosten d'gemeine wegh,
ten westen een cleyn killetje, Is
Breedt ten oosten Twalf Eoeden en
elf voet, & ten westen zes Eoeden
& vier voet, & lang aen de Zuydt-
syde een & twentigh Roeden & een
voet, & aen d'noort syde drie &
twentigh Roeden en Twee voeten,
alles Rhynlandsche maet, op welke
Erflf d'Luy terse Kerk nu staet, als
mede 't huj's voor d'Luyterse domi-
ne, synde van d'geheele Luj^erse
Gemeente gekocht & betaelt, aen
welke d'selve opgedraegen wort ;
Zulx by Cedent uyt doet uyt Cracht
van Grondtbrief hem verleentvan den
gewezenen Governr Richard NicoUs,
sub dato den 25 April 1667, zynde een
gedeelte van d'Erff waertoe in desen
gerefereert wordt, en dat vry en onbe-
swaert, souder eenige Lasten daerop
Btaende ofte uytgaende, behoudens
der heer zyn Keght, sonder dat hy
cedant in 't minste daerop meerder
heett pretentie, als bekenende daer
voor ten genoegen voldaen en be-
taelt te wesen, de eerste Penning
met den Laetaten, gevende derhalven
plenam actionem cessam, & volkome
macht aen d'voornoemde Persoonen,
in qualitae als kerken Raet zjmde
van d'Luyterse gemeente, synde voor
het gebruyck van d'heele gemeente
om met het voorsz buys en Ei-ffte
doen & te disponeeren'gelyk als zy
met haere Eyge Patrimoniale goode-
ren & affecten doen sonde mo. gen,
beloovende 't selve op & Jegens
eenen Ygelycken te waren & te vrj^en
voor alle commer, naemaeninge ofte
beswaernisse als Recht is, & vor-
ders hier tegens nimraer meer te
sullen doen nochte laeien geshieden
in geeniger maniere, onder verbant
als naer Rechten daertoe staende.

Actum in Albany, de 29 Maert, 1680.
Abram Staas.
My present,

Ro. LiviNGSTEN, Sec.

Concordat cum sua Principali quod
attestor.

Robert Livingsten, Seer.
Marginaliter.

A. Teller. Corn. Van. DyTc.

first kil, bounded to the south by the
first kil aforesaid, to the north the
late common path, now possessed
by Messrs. Pretty, Jacob Sanders
[Glen,] Johannes Wendell, Myndert
Harmense [Van der Bogert] and
Hendrick Cuyler, to the east the
highway, to the west the little kil,
breadth to the east 12 r. 11 ft, west
6 r. 4 ft., length on south side 21 r. 1
ft., on the north side 23 r. 2 ft., all
Rhynlandi measure, on which lot the
Lutheran church now stands, together
with the parsonage, being purchased
and paid for by the whole Lutheran
congregation, to whom the same is
now made over ; which this grantor, '
does by Airtue of a patent to him
given from the late Governor Rich-
ard Nicolls, of date the 25 April, 1667 ;
being a part of the lot to which refer-
ence is herein made ; free and unin-
cumbered, with no claims standing
or issuing against the same (except-
ing the lord's right) without the gran-
tor's making the least pretensions
thereto any more ; also acknowledg-
ing that he is fully paid and satisfied
therefor, the first penny with the
last; giving therefore /j^ewam actionem
cessam., and full power to the afore-
named persons in the character of the
consistory of the Lutheran church
being for the use of the whole con-
gregation, to do with and dispose of
the aforesaid house and lot as they
might do with their own patrimonial
estate and effects ; promising to pro-
tect and free the same from all such
trouble, claims and liens of each and
every person, as are lawful, and
further, never more to do nor suffer
anything to be done against the same,
in any manner, on pledge according
to laws therefor provided.

Done in Albany, the 29 March, 1680.

Was subscribed,

Abram Staas.

In my presence,

Ro. LiyiNGSTON, Seer.

La the margin,
A. Teller.
Corn. Van Dyck.

^ Tills is the orthography in most of the ancient records. A
Rhynland or Leyden foot is equal to 12f inches English measure,
and a Dutch or Amsterdam foot, about one inch less than the
Bhynland.

Evangelical Lutheran Ehenezer Church. 153

It will be seen by reference to the ancient map of the
city, on another page, bearing date 1695, that the same
spot is marked by a Lutheran church and burying ground,
fronting on South Pearl street, and extending from Howard
to J3eaver street; or rather to the palisades, which formed
the southern boundary of the city at that point.

We have not been able to learn anything further of the
history of this church, during the lapse of nearly a century ]
except that in 1714, the Rev. Thomas Barclay was holding
Episcopal services in " a small old chappell '' belonging to
the Lutheran cong-rcsation at unreasonable hours, and in
1746, William Christian Berkenmeyer was the Lutheran
minister in the city and county of Albany, i Although the
Lutherans still had possession of their lot in Pearl street,
yet it is known by tradition that about the close of the
revolution they had no church, but held their meetings for
worship in a private house on the corner of Howard and
Pearl street, a front room in which was fitted up with seats
sufficient to accommodate the few members belonging to the
congregation at that time. We believe there are no records
extant to account for these things, ^ or giving any information
as to the origin or organization of the church. It is found,
however, to have been regularly incorporated August 26,
1784, and on the 7th of September following, Rev. Henry
Moeller was called. The trustees were J. P Hildebrand,
Charles Newman, and Christian Ehring. The condition of
the church at this time may be gathered from a letter
written by Mr. Moeller in 1818, in which he says : " I wish
brethren, you would call to remembrance the condition of
your congregation in 1784 and 1785, when you had no
church, and I was your pastor.^ I traveled in company

^ Documentary History of the State of Neic York, iii, 594.

"^ It would seem that they had worshiped with the Episcopalians
by the following obscure entry, found in the book of minutes, writ-
ten in German. "1786, March. A unanimous resolution was passed
to build a church if possible. We are forced to do so, because tbe
brethren of the English church pulled down the edifice, and ap-
pointed an Episcopal minister for themselves. We paid £50 a year
as our share of the salary of the common minister."

^ 7 Nov. 1788. It was arranged with Rev. Henry Moller that
besides the seven Sundays already allowed to him for serving the

154 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.

with an elder, the now deceased Mr. Ehring, to New York,
Philadelphia, Schenectady, and adjacent country, and col-
lected, together with the generous donations of the citizens
of Albany, and with what the cheerfulness of the poor con-
gregation could aflford, the sum of £640 ($1,600), which
was esteemed a large collection of money at that time. The
honest Mr. John G. Greyer, now deceased, was treasurer, and
the building was paid for soon after it was finished. The
congregation had engaged to pay me £100 (S250), salary,
leaving to me one-third of the time free to attend the Low
Dutch congregation atLoonenburgh.i But finding that the
congregation proved unable to pay me more than £50,
besides furnishing me with fire-wood, I remitted the rest,
and employed myself in vacant congregations, some of
them laid in perfect wilderness, till I found my arduous
task would waste my strength before the ordinary time of
age, I took a call to Pennsylvania. After twelve years you
did me the honor to present me a second call. I found the
charge easier than before, but my travels to Helderberg and
Beaverdam, which congregations were necessary to make
up a necessary living, proved injurious to my health, to
which was added the heavy expense of keeping a horse and
chaise, and the increase of prices for fire-wood and other
necessaries. I left you the second time, and am now com-
fortably settled for the short rest of my life."

The records of the church to which we have had access,
extend no farther back than the 30 Aug., 1784. The congre-
gation then appears to have had no settled pastor. In the
year 1787 the trustees publicly expressed their acknowledg-
ments for the receipt of donations, to the amount of £552
13s. 2d.; more than £214 of which, they say, was obtained
in Albany and its vicinity. The total cost of their building ^

church at Tomhanick, he should have so many Sundays and holy
days in addition as will make a full third of a year, for which he
was to remit a full third of his nominal salary in cash, leaving £50,
($125) to be paid by the Albany congregation. The church officers
were Martin Hebeysen, Charles Newman, trustees ; John George
Geyer and John Conrad Ruby, elders ; George Klinck, deacon.

^Athens, Greene county.

^ The success of their collections is thus entered in the book of
minutes : " There was collected in New York ^104 ; in Philadelphia

Evangelical Lutheran Ehenezer Church, 155

was .£640 ($1,600). They used, witli permission of the com-
mon council, stone from the old fort at the head of State
street. Still, about ten years later a complaint was made of
hindrances, and that their church was still unfinished.

From the time Mr. Moeller (pronounced Miller) left in
1785, to 1794, the church was supplied with the word and
ordinances by neighboring ministers. Among these were
the Rev. Messrs. Schwertfeger, Groetz, and Johann Frede-
erick Ernst, pastor of Loonenburgh (Athens) and Claverack.
In June, 1794, Rev. Authon Theodore Braun (pronounced
Brown) became their pastor, and remained till 1800. In
1801 the Rev. Heinrich Moeller again took charge of the
congregation, and remained till 18U6. In 1807 the Rev.
Frederick George Mayer was settled as pastor, and remained
until he was removed by death in December, 1843. In July
of that year, the Rev. Henry Newman Pohlnian accepted
a call from the congregation, and was installed on the 24th
of September. Under his ministry the church gradually
increased in numberri, and there were in 1848 about one
hundred members at communion. In the fall of 1867, the
Rev. Dr. Pohlman resigned the charge of the congregation,
and was succeeded in the May following by the Rev. Samuel
P. Sprecher, under whose preaching there was a great acces-
sion of numbers, so that seats could not be had for all that
applied, and it was determined by the congregation to build
a new church. The streets had been regraded since the
erection of the church, which left much of the foundations
out of ground, and the walls had long continued to crack,
and the tower bid fair to become a rival of that of Pisa for
its lecuiing.

The services of the church were in German until 1808,
when at a meeting of the trustees, elders and deacons, held

£117. Having paid the traveling expenses there was left £198
4s. Qd. In tliis city £214 7s. 2d. In the neighborhood £63 19s. 2d.
On the inauguration day £17 18s. 7d. The work done by Christian
tradesmen no money was asked for ; the amount of this benefit to
the chm-ch was more than £50. The deceased Mr. Jacob Evertsen
left to the church a gift of £20. The oldest member, Mr. John
Evertsen, left also by his testament a bond to the benefit of the
church £41 Is. lOd. Other small donations were received, making a
total of £640. There was also given subsequent donations by the
congregation towards seating the church £19 3s.

156 Evangelical Lutheran Ehenezer Church

May 16th, at the house of Martin Hebeysen, it was resolved
that, the sermons, after Whitsunday, should be delivered in
English, except one sermon in the forenoon of the last
Sunday in each month. Notwithstanding this resolution
there was a meeting of the elders and deacons on the 4th of
Jan., 1812, which passed a resolution peremptorily directing
the pastor to preach altogether in the English language,
except the first Sunday in each month in the morning,
and to give notice thereof to the congregation in both lan-
guages.

At the close of the last century, an effort was made to
procure the location of a Lutheran seminary in Albany.
The Kev. John Christopher Hartwick died in 1796, pos-
sessed of a large estate, which he left by will for the endow-
ment of an institution for training up young ministers of
the gospel, and missionaries to be sent among the Indians,
according to the Augustan Confession and the tenets of the
Evangelical Lutheran church. The executors named in his
will were Jeremiah Van Rensselaer of Albany, and Frederick
A. Muhlenberg of Philadelphia, formerly a Lutheran min-
ister of New York, but at this time speaker of the house of
representatives in congress. His scheme contemplated the
erection of a town on his tract in Otsego county, to be called
New Jerusalem, where the theological school should be esta-
blished, in which " no heathenish author should be read,
until when, by divine providence, the revenues should
increase, classical learning might be added." The adminis-
trators, on looking into the affairs of the testator, found that
a large part of the landed estate, about 13,000 acres, includ-
ing the intended site of the New Jerusalem, was claimed by
Judge Cooper, who professed to have purchased it of Mr.
Hartwick at |2 per acre, payable at a distant time. Mr.
Hartwick had desired to be buried in the Lutheran church
of Albany, and his wishes were complied with. His remains
were first placed under the church in South Pearl street, and
removed from thence and placed under the pulpit of the
church in Pine street, in 1816; and when that edifice was
removed the remains of Hartwick were preserved to be depo-
sited under the new church. A marble tablet bearing his
inscription was placed in the floor of the church, in front of
the pulpit. It being uncertain that much of anything re-

Evangelical Lutheran JBbenezer Church. 157

mained to found the contemplated sctool, the trustees of the
church at Albany desired to have the institution connected
with their church, promising to raise $3,000 towards the
erection of a suitable building. In fact, they claimed the
estate, and deprecated the idea of erecting a college in the
wilderness, as a " monument like the pillar of Absalom/'
They say that the Oneida Indians were provided with a
Presbyterian minister forty years before, that " other nations
have the same, and now the Indians have sold all their land,
which will be inhabited by Christians, so that the whim of
a college and a New Jerusalem, may fall away, and it may be
better to support with it the congregation of Albany, which,
from the time of Grov. Van Tromp, has always been oppressed.
We, Lutherans of Albany, are the next heirs of Mr. Hart-
wick — ,....His own writings will show with what affection
we took care of him.'' At another time, writing to the cura-
tors of the estate, the trustees, who at this time were J.
Conrad Ruby, Martin Hebeysen. and Daniel Pohlman, still
complain of the neglect shown to their interests by those
having charge of the legacy, " mournfully observing that
our poor Ebenezer is entirely forgotten, notwithstanding we
appointed in our stead two worthy friends and gentlemen,
the most Rev. Dr. Kunze and Mr. Jeremiah Van Rensselaer,
our advocates for our distressed Ebenezer. Yet in their
twelve resolves, nothing appeared for such a poor flock of
Lutheran Christians to support their pious business. We
collect about £18 per annum from the members of our
church, -and no more. Our church is not finished and more
like to decay. But we are forgotten, though we know that
Hartwick loved us, for he would be with us, even when dead.
It is now in your power to support that poor church out of
an estate freely granted by the owner." The solicitations of
the trustees seem to have been crowned with partial success ;
for on the 17 th of October, 1801, articles of agreement, drawn
by Peter E. Elmendorf, were entered into between them and
the trustees of the estate, by which all the estate was to be
deposited with the trustees of the church, within two years,
for the purposes of the seminary, subject to the order of the
curators, John C. Kunze and Jeremiah Van Rensselaer. The
foundation of an edifice was laid in Park street; but the

14

158 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.

arrangement seems to have given so much dissatisfaction
among the Lutheran churches, as to lead to its abandonment.
Accordingly at a meeting of the trustees on the 14th April,
1808, they resolved that since it was found impossible to
execute the trust committed to them, they would redeliver
the property unto the hands of the surviving executor, Jere-
miah Van Rensselaer ; and two years after the materials used
for the foundation were ordered to be sold. The seminary
was finally located at Hartwick, in Otsego county, and is now
in successful operation under a special charter, obtained of
the legislature in 1816. '

In 1816 the city corporation purchased the lot on South
Pearl street, which had been in possession of the congre-
gation almost a century and a half, and paid for it $3*2,000.
The boundaries were a little differently described at this day,
as follows : " on the east by South Pearl, late Washington
street; on the south by the Rutten kil; on the west by a
small run of water called Fort Killitie ] ~ and on the north by
Howard, late Lutheran street.^' The common council con-
veyed to the congregation the lot which they now occupy on
Pine street, in consideration of some property so indefi-
nitely described that it is not now easy to locate it; but is
represented as being between the west side of Eagle street
and the east side of Pearl street. This lot on Pine street
occupying the square formed by Pine, Lodge, Steuben, and
Eagle streets, was a huge clay hill, at that time hardly worth
the cost of excavating. The expense of partial excavation was
$5,000. They afterwards built a session room and parsonage
on the premises, the former having been consecrated on the

^ See Session Laws, c. 166 ; also the Hartmck Memorial, passim.

"^ This property was purchased by the city for the purposes of a
market. There was at the time a small market on a portion of the
lot, called Fly market, sometimes Cassidy's market, it being occu-
pied by Cassidy and Fredem-ich. A portion of that market building
is still (1868) standing, forming the corner of Howard and William
Street. It was first erected in the centre of Market street, nearly op-
posite Stanwix Hall (now Broadway), and was removed to this spot,
the ground being leased of the church. A view of the vicinity west of
William street is given in vol. ix of this work, showing an unsightly
landscape, with the Fly market as it then appeared. The lots west
of William street were sold for building lots, and covered with cheap
tenements, most of which still remain.

Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church, 159

10th of July, 1836. The westerly portion of the lot was
occupied by Van Wormer's tavern and other wooden build-
ings, the lots having been let on long leases, and could not
be controlled by the officers of the church. In 1834 the
state purchased the ground on Eagle street, occupied by the
State Hall, for $5,000. With this money the trustees exca-
vated and began to build upon such lots on Park and Lan-
caster streets as were not encumbered by long leases. This
had been their second cemetery, and was so occupied by them
until the cemeteries were removed about 1803, to the new
grounds appropriated to that purpose west of Knox street.
The old cemeteries extended from Eagle street west to
Hawk street, and required a vast amount of excavation to
make proper grades for streets and building lots. The deed
of the last cemetery lot is dated 1 Nov., 1803, and it was
formally surrendered to the city in 1868, when the bodies
interred in it were removed to the Rural cemetery, in com-
mon with the remains in all the cemeteries. The process
of removal had been gradual by families for a period of
nearly twenty years before this, so that but 938 bodies re-
mained in the Lutheran ground, when the city undertook
the work, and of these but 44 had head stones or plates on
their coffins by which they could be distinguished.

The unsightly buildings owned by the lessees on Pine and
Steuben streets being an eyesore to the neighborhood, and
being beyond the control of the trustees, the common council,
against the remonstrances of the trustees, took the property
for public use, and it was set apart as a square attached to
the State Hall, about the year 1835. The property was ap-
praised at $9,475, of which amount the church was assessed
$■1,545.14, or about one-sixth the whole amount of ap-
praisal. In 1868, wheo the old building came to be razed,
it was found that -the line on Pine street was 63 feet 3 in. in
width, and on Steuben but 57 feet, which was insufficient for
the structure they wished to erect ; whereupon the trustees
memorialized the common council for sufficient ground to lay
their foundations and equalize the width of the lot on the
west line ; which was granted to the extent of six feet on
Pine street, and twelve on Steuben. The old edifice was
thereupon immediately demolished, the congregation wor-
shiping, during the building of the new church, in the

160 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church,

Lecture room of the Second Presbyterian church, which the
trustees of that society very kindly and courteously rented
to them for their use.

The Church Treasury Stolen.

Att a Court of Mayor and Aldermen held for ye Citty of
Albany, y^ 17th day of August, 1686. Present Peter
Schuyler, Jan Jans Bleeker, Johannes Wandel, Dirck Wes-
sells, Adrian Gerritse, Levinus Van Schaik. Hercules, ye
negro of Myndert Frederikne being brought before ye Court
by warrant of ye May'' to answer ye fellonious taking out of
his master's house a small chest wherein some bags of wam-
pum ^ was contained, belonging to ye Poor of ye Lutheran
Church, and being examined doth confess ye fact y^ upon
Thursday night last he came to his master's house, and find-
ing ye window of y^ chamber open, went in and stole away
ye small chest wherein ye money of ye poor of ye Lutheran
Church was kept, and broke ye chest open without ye gate,
at ye water side with an axe Ordered^ y^ ye ^^ Negroe be
committed and secured in ye Common Goale till ye next
Court of Sessions, when he is to be brought to his tryall. —
Albany Records, III, 4.

The Tomb of Hartwick.

In the will of Rev. John C. Hartwick, he devised £40
for the construction of a stone coffin and vault for his burial
under the pulpit of Ebenezer church in Albany^ and £40
for the support of its minister. He died at the Livingston
manor house quite suddenly and unexpectedly, on his way
to Albany, 17 July, 1796. The Hartwick Memorial^ pub-
lishen by J. Munsell, at Albany, 1867, gives full particulars
of him and the institution founded with the wreck of his
estate. His bones are still in the custody of the Lutheran
church, and follow it in all its migrations. The following
is an exact copy of an entry in the church book showing the
faithfulness with which they executed their trust in regard
to Hartwick's remains. The style in which it is wriUen
shows the transition which the German was undergoing into
English, and is as good as could be expected, when it is con-

^ The currency was at this time beaver skins and wampum, or
seawant, the money of the Indians, made of shells.

Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 161

sidered that the preaching was all in German for twelve
years later than this :

" Be it Rememberet, That the once Reverendet John
Christoper Hardwig Lutheren Minister had by the making
his Last Will and Testament wished and with the Consent of
the Trustees and Vestery of the Lutheren Ebenezar church
in this City albany Direcdet that affter his Death his Corp
Should be entered unter the pulpit in said Ebenezar church
for wich he bequeadet Ceartain Sums of monney to the Use
of said church out of the Revenue of his Estead as may be
seen more clear and full in his Last will. Sometime affter
said Hartwig on a journey from New Yorke to Albany fell
Sick and Dieeth in the East Camp not completing his
Endendet journey to Albany was hurried in the Lutheran
Church there. The Trustees and Vestery in Albany being
anxious to perform there Duty in answering Hardwig's
Request, but as a Ceartain Condition in there Deeth given
to Ebenezar Church for a pias of Land By our Most Re-
spectfull Corporation had not bin permitted to Enter the
Corp in there Church without forfitting the pias of Burring
ground the Trustees and Vestery Peditioned to there hon-
ners the Corporation for Permission and there Pedition has
bin Grraciously grandet and one of the Trustees with the
Minister Mr. Brown went to the Camp and fetched the
Corp with wich they arrived here in Albany this 17 Febr.,
1798 and the 21 Instant sat him by unter the floar untel
further orders. About the beginning of May 98 the Coffin
had bin secured with Stone Coffin Brickwork and Covered.
with a Marvel Sepulcher Stone wich is visible to all such that
are anxious to Look at it. And so has the Lutheren church
in Albany Called Ebenezar, become the Dwelling houss
of the Corp of John Christoph'" Hartwig until the Coming
of his and our Lord. The Trustees dought propper to give
Notice of there proceedings to the Most Reverent Docter
Kuntz one of the Administrators in a litter they Do wish
and hope that in Consideration of all there performences an
annual allowance be grandet and Stippendit to the Church
out of the Estate of hartwig for the use mentainence and
supporting said church fourthy pounds are particular men-
tioned and grandet in his will for permission to Enter his
Corp in the Lutheren Church unter the pulpit put it appears
that out of the fourthy pounds Mr. Renselar made a Reduc-

162 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church,

tion for transporting the Corp from the Camp to Albany
and for some other Expences on that account/'

The following is the inscription in defective German upon
the tablet placed in the floor of the old church in front of
the pulpit. It may have been correctly written in German,
and engraved by some other nationality :

Hier ruhet

Johann C. Hartwich

Prediger der Evangelisch

Lutherischen Kirche.

Gebokren in Sax-Gotha

den 6 Januer 1714

Gestorben
den 16 Julius 1796.

Seines alters
82 Jahre 6 Monat

Das kurzgesteckte ziel der tage,
1st siebenzig, ist achtzig iahr,

Ein innbegrif von mueh und plage,
Auch wennesnoch so kostlich war.

Gefliigelt eilt mit uns die zeit,

In eine lange ewigkeit.

Extracts from the Records.

2d June, 1786, the cornerstone of the new church was
laid; on the north-east corner under the third stone from
the top there was laid down in a square short bottle, a
Lutheran catechism, and also a memorandum in it, as follows :

" This church was erected in the year of our Lord 1786,
by the Evangelical Lutheran congregation of this city of
Albany, under the propitious direction of its pastor, the
Rev. Henry Moller, a member of the reverend Ministerium
of the Lutheran confession in North America; at which
time Messrs. Charles Neumann, Christopher Beckmann and
John Leonhard, were trustees; and Messrs. John Horn,
John Georg Geyer, Omy Legrange, Gottfried Enax, Doctor
Medic, and Mr. Kling were church counsel; Messrs. J. G.
Geyer and Christian Ehring were treasurers.

" Deus sol et scutum.''

Evangelieal Lutheran Ebenezer Church, 163

12th September, 1786, deeds were exchanged between the
mayor of the city and the corporation, with the trustees, for a
small lot of land in Washington [now South Pearl] street,
for an acre on the hill where the hospital formerly stood.
[This was what now forms the site of the State Hall, and of
the church lot on Pine and Lodge streets, with the inter-
vening space planted with trees.]

Membership of the Congregation.

30 Dec. 1788, the congregation consisted of the following
heads of families :

Christian Ehring,

Charles Newman,

John Gr. Greyer,

Christopher Beekman,

Matthew Kugler,

John Ostrander,

Martin Hebeysen,

Andreas Roller,

John Tillman, for his wife

Margaretta.
John Hendrick Niemeyer,
George Klinck,
Bernhard Bauer,
John Matthew Horn,
Michael Henn,
John Hood,
Christian Benter,
John Leonhard,
Nicholaus Michel,
John C. Fredenreich,
John Arnhout,
Omie LaGrange,
John C. Buby,

Henry Dowmann,

J. G. Hildebrand,

Wendel Hildebrand,

John Huth, for his wife,

John Jacobsen,

Evert Jansen,

Philip Wagener, for his wife,

Charles Bowmann,

Mr. Erzberger, for his wife

Begin a,
C. F. Diefenbach,
Samuel Hendrick(Henderer?)
John Zeilman,
Gerhard Mercelis,
Johannis Rattenaur,
Conrad Freitag,
Andreas Benter,
Jorgen Benter,
John Gross,
Daniel Leonhard,
John Geyer,

Jacob Kummig.

43

The real property of the congregation consisted at this
time of a church, a parsonage adjoining, and a lot renting
for £2 10s. per annum, and five lots renting for £2 2s. 6d.
each. Also six house lots in the second ward adjoining

164 Evangelical Lutheran Ehenezer Church.

Duke street, with a house and barn, leased to one Ashmore.
Another lot renting for £2 10s. and a burying ground
adjoining. The personal property consisted of debts amount-
ing to £30; a pewter tankard, a pewter bread box, an iron
bread mould, a silver chalice, a small silver plate, a table
cloth, a napkin ; a tankard and oval dish of pewter, for
baptism; a pewter plate for gathering alms; a small funeral
cloth ; a small chest for the books and papers of the officers.
The society was in debt nearly £200.

9 March, 1790. The trustees, vestry and pastor accepted
of a new grave yard, the one on State street, which has just
been surrendered to the city, in common with all the grounds
in that vicinity.

6 Feb. 1792. The members of the congregation at this time
were 39, and had changed much. The names of Greorge
Klinck, Michael Henn, John Hood, the three Benters, Nicho-
las Michael, John Arnhout, Omie Lagrange, J. Gr. Hilde-
brand, Wendel Hildebrand, Jacob Jacobsen, Evert Jansen,
Philip Wagener, Charles Bowman, Mr. Erzberger, Gerhard
Marcelis, Johannis Battenaur, Conrad Freitag, John Gross,
and Jacob Kummig, disappear, being nearly one-half; and
in their places come Jacob Thunrick, Daniel Pohlman, John

Matthew Dirk, Batterman, Peter Young, Peter Horn,

Christina Boff, Johannes Young, Thomas Butts, George

Geiger, Anthony Santvoord, Daniel Shueyder, Brum-

ley, George Herris, Frederic Sharley, Margaret Enak. — 39.

The inventory of the property was substantially the same.
The debts due the church were £52 : 11 : 6, and it owed
£74 : 17 : 3.

2 Jan. 1795. A subscription of £10 : 10s. was made by
the members in the city, and the members from the Boght
paid £2:0:6. The stove cost £15:7: 6.

5 Jan. 1795. There was a balance in the treasury of the
poor, of £5:13 :9.

27 March 1795. A list of members is given again, show-
ing considerable change. Christian Ehring, a prominent mem-
ber, disappears. Three Henderers appear, Jacob, Jacob Jr.,
and Harmanus, John Walls, William Gels, Jacob Hayne,
John Disney, John Van Benthuysen's wife, John Arnhout
reappears, Daniel Dirkes, Isaac Wormer, Christopher Baker,
Adam Roman, Ezekiel Tiffney's wife, Conrad Betz, Wm Gif-

JEvangelicat Lutheran Ehenezer Church. 165

fert, Thomas ButtZj'Michael Henn reappears, Jacob Blumen-
thalFs wife, Jacop Rottly's wife, Frederick Thaile. — 38.

The rents of the lots had been considerably increased ;
the outstanding debts were £22! lis., and there was £14: 6:10
in the treasury, and it is recorded in large characters " The
Corporation is in no Debt." Signed by John C. Fredenreich,
Charles Newman, and Martin Hebeysen.

26 Aug. 1796. " It was agreed that the church chist should
be compleadet egain with three different locks." This fur-
nished each trustee with a key (J. Conrad Ruby, Daniel
Pohlman and Martin Hebeysen). Thus the chest could be
opened only when all were present.

The following record was entered by J. C. Ruby,
clerk of the board : " It hath bin omidet to insert that
the Trustees J. Conrad Ruby and Martin Hebeysen con-
cludet to get a bell into their church. They presendet to
his Excelency our Lieut. Governor and Likewise to his honor
the mayor a Pedition to Collect as much money to purchase
a bell. The Pedition was generously Exepdet and Grandet.
They went with their Pedition to all principle Citiiens
first and so in their Turns called upon every Christian Citi-
zens on the ?8th August, 1796. But the subscribed Dona-
tions have not bin called for till the third and fourth week
in August, 1797, and with the Blessing of God the bell is put
into the stippel of Ebenezer church and fully paid with the
collected money. The bell cost 55 pound, the hanging there-
of cost 15 pound." Other expenses were paid to the amount
of £7 : 17 : 10 ; in all £77 : 17 : 10. The whole amount col-
lected was £84 : 17 : 2, or S212.16. This bell was first used
as an alarm bell on a British man of war, and weighed 288
lbs. It was transferred to the church on Pine street, and
in 1850 cracked, when it was sold for about $88, and a new
one procured, as large as the tower would admit, which was
about 1,000 lbs.

166 Reformed German Church,

REFORMED GERMAN CHURCH.

The followers of Zwinglius, who differed from the Luther-
ans in some matters relating to the sacrament J took the
name of German Reformed. In the Albany (ra2;e^^e, printed
by the Robertsons in 1772, was published an advertisement
of a lottery to be drawn in March of that year, for the bene-
fit of the German Reformed Church, which is the first we hear
of them in this place. Lotteries were not an unusual means
of raising money even for churches at that day. The
spot pointed out as the location of this edifice, is between
Orange and Patroon streets, west of Ten Broeck street, where
its foundation had an altitude considerably above the present
grade of the latter street, overlooking a deep ravine on the
south. The object to be attained by the selection of so re-
tired a location, is somewhat difl&cult to conceive, unless it
was to set it " upon a hill that it should not be hid," for it
was far out of town at that day. An idea of its remoteness
may be had from the circumstance of some one having
opened a tavern so far from any landmark, that he described
it as " situated on the pleasant road to the German church."
A cross road ran diagonally up the hill from what is now
Orange street to Patroon street, both of which were then
common roads, and the church stood a little west of the
cross-road, with a burying ground in front. It was a wooden
edifice about fifty feet square, with a tower at the north en-
trance, furnished with a bell. It was provided with an organ,
the first one known to have been used in a church in Albany.
The only notice we can find respecting it in the public ar-
chives, is an act passed March 27, 1794, "for the relief of
Paul Hochstrasser and others," as follows : " Whereas it
hath been represented that Paul Hochstrasser, John Abbet
and John Tillman, having expended large sums of money in
erecting a building for the Reformed German congregation
in the city of Albany with sundry appurtenances, which sums

^ Serious disturbances arose about 1845 in Prussia, in consequence
of an edict of the king, directing the union of these two churches
in one.

Sabbath Evening School. 167

were never reimbursed by the said congregation through
the means of their inability. And whereas also it has been
further represented, that the said congregation is dispersed,
and the building become usele'ss : Be it enacted by the peo-
ple of the state of New York represented in Senate and
Assembly, That Abraham Hun, Teunis Ts. Van Vechten
and John C. Cuyler, be, and are hereby appointed trustees for
the purpose of selling the aforesaid building, with the
appurtenances, exclusive of the right of soil ; and out of the
moneys therefrom arising, to settle with all such persons
who may have any demands against the same ; and should
the moneys therefrom arising not be competent to satisfy the
said claims, they shall be and hereby are authorized to pay
each claimant a just proportion of the moneys arising from
the said premises, according to his, her, or their respective
demands/' The church appears to have been sold accord-
ingly, and afterwards occupied by the Seceders. It was
subsequently taken down, and the frame work is still stand-
ing near Lydius street, about two miles out. On the 14th
of April, 1803, Paul Hochstrasser and John Ram applied
to the consistory of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Ijhurch
for permission to bury their deceased relatives in the ground
belonging to that church, alleging that the grave yard of the
German Reformed Church had become almost a public com-
mon ; that the former wished to take up the remains of his
mother, and the latter those of his children, and deposit
them elsewhere. When the pier was built, the lot upon
which this church stood was excavated, and the earth used
to fill in that work. The bones of the dead buried there
were placed in boxes, and left by the road side in a ravine,
till some one having occasion to use the boxes, the bones
were turned out upon the ground, and afterwards plowed
under.

SABBATH EVENING SCHOOL.

On March 24, 1816, a sabbath evening school was esta-
blished at Mr. Young's school room, in Washington street,
and appears to have been countenanced by the Moral Society.
It was attended by 150 children and 50 adults.

168 German Evangelical Lutheran Church.

GERMAN EVAKGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH.

The building occupied by this congregation is situated in
State street, above Swan. It was originally built for the
use of a Methodist congregation, and purchased of them in
1842, for eighteen hundred dollars.

It will have been seen in our account of the Lutheran
Ebeuezer church, that the use of the German language in
the services of the sanctuary, virtually ceased in 1808. But
the large number of immigrants from Germany rendered it
necessary for the pastor of that church to resume its use in
1834. Accordingly from that time a service in that lan-
guage was held in the evening of the Lord's day, and occa-
sionally during the week. After the erection of the Lecture
Room of the Ebenezer Church, on the corner of Lodge and
Steuben streets, in 1836, the Germans were regularly sup-
plied with the word and ordinances in their mother tongue,
by the Rev. William Moellman, from Hanover, in Germany.
And when he accepted a call from Cincinnati, and removed
to that city, the services were continued with more or less
regularity by the Rev. F. G. Mayer, the pastor of Ebenezer.

In 1841, in consequence of the rapid increase of the
German population, and the inconvenience of holding ser-
vice in two languages, it was deemed expedient to organize
a separate congregation, which was done on the 8th of
August in that year. Early in 1842, by the effective aid
of the mother church, and the kind liberality of the citizens
of Albany, they succeeded in purchasing the church above
mentioned, which was set apart for the worship of God in
the German language, with appropriate solemnities, on the
10th of May. The first pastor of this church was the Rev.
George Saul, who remained with them a year and seven
months, and then removed to Canajoharie. He was suc-
ceeded by the Rev. Edward Meyer, in October, 1842, who,
after a ministry of four and a half years, resigned his charge,
and removed on the first of May, 1847, to Lockport, Nia-
gara county. While he was their pastor, the congregation,

German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 169

at the cost of $500, purchased a lot for a burial ground on
the north side of the Schenectady turnpike in Washington
street, which was consecrated with appropriate solemnities,
"on the 26th of November, 1846.

On the 26th of September, 1847, the Rev. Frederick
William Schmidt was installed, and entered upon the dis-
charge of his ministerial duties. Under his ministry the
church increased in members and usefulness. During the
latter part of his ministry, however, a part of the congregation,
living in the southern portion of the city, separated from the
church and organized another congregation, building a church
on the corner of Nucella and Franklin streets. The Rev.
F. W. Schmidt died on the 17 March, 1855, and was suc-
ceeded by the Rev. C. M. Wossidlo from Prussia. Under
his ministry the church was divided once more, and the
Evangelical Lutheran church of St John's was built in Cen-
tral avenue. The old church in State street, having become
too small for the congregation, was torn down, and a new and
large brick building erected on the same site, costing $8,000,
which was dedicated in January, 1856. In the fall of the
same year Rev. Mr. Wossidlo resigned, and was succeeded by
the Rev. H. H. Ebsen, who labored here until the fall of
1861. Owing to various causes the congregation had dimin-
ished, but after Mr. Ebsen's resignation united with the
Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of New York, and called
the Rev. R. Adelberg, formerly of Saugerties, N. Y., its
present pastor, under whose ministry the congregation rapidly
increased, counting about 500 communicants, and beautified
and improved the church at a cost of about $4,000.

The other German Lutheran congregation in Nucella
street was successively served by Revs. Messrs. Rechenberg,
Hennicke, Fischer and Ernst, and St. John^s church in
Central Avenue by Revs. Hennicke, Fachtmann and Hoff-
mann, and both are in a prosperous and flourishing condition.

15

170 First Presbyterian Church.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The Presbyterian Church in Albany, was formed at the
conclusion of the French war, in the year 1763. In October
of that year the corporation of the city executed a deed in
trust for the congregation, to John Macomb, Daniel Edgar,
Samuel Holladay, Robert Henry, Abraham Lyle and John
Munro, for the ground on which the first building for public
worship was erected by the church. This lot was bounded
on the north by Beaver street, on the east by William street,
on the south by Hudson street, and on the west by Grand
street, including, it is supposed, all the ground now com-
prised within these boundaries. The house erected on this
spot was of wood, of considerable size^ with a tall steeple,
and fronted to the east. It was occupied by the church till
A. D. 1796. From the date of the formation of the church,
A.I). 1763,tillthecommencementof the war-of the revolution,
the church had two pastors, viz. : Rev. William Hanna, who
remained with them two years, and was succeeded by the
Rev. Andrew Bay, who continued in the pastoral charge for
five years. The only elders known to have been ordained in
the church during this time, were Robert R. Henry and
Matthew Watson. There are to be found, however, during
this period no sessional records nor any records of communi-
cants, baptisms, marriages or deaths. On the 12th of July,
1785, a unanimous call was given to the Rev. John McDonald,
who was ordained and installed pastor of the church on the
8thof November of the same year, and continued in that office
till A. D, 1795. On the first of January, 1786, the church,
which has been scattered, and without stated services during
the war, was reorganized, and four elders and two deacons
were ordained. The first communion after the new organi-
zation was held on the third sabbath of April, 1787, when
116 members were admitted. In the spring of 1794, pro-
posals were issued for building a brick church, the materials
for which were already procured, as well as the lot, extend-
ing on Washington (Pearl) street, from Beaver street to
Store lane (Norton street.) The building was completed

First Presbyterian Church.

171

in 1796, in an elegant style for the day, being altogetlier the
best church edifice in the city, and was opened on the 20th

yjBST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, CORNER SOUTH PEARL
AND BEATER STREETS.

of November of that year. Its dimensions were 64 by 76
feet. In 1831 an addition of 16 feet was made to it on the
north end, and the interior remodeled, so as to place it in
advance of the other churches again for internal elegance.
On the 3d of October, 1798, Eliphalet Nott was installed
pastor of the church, where he continued to preach until he
was removed to the presidency of Union College, which office
he filled to a great a2;e,

172 First Presbyterian Church,

Ministers.

1763 Rev. William Hanna continued till 1765.

Rev. Andrew Bay continued five years.

1785 Rev. J. McDonald continued till 1795.
1795 Rev. David S. Bogart, a licentiate from the Dutch classis,
New York, supplied the pulpit for about two years.
1798 Rev. Eliphalet Nott continued till September, 1804.
1804 Rev. John B. Romeyn continued till October, 1808.
1809 Rev. William Neill continued till August, 1816.
1817 Rev. Arthur Jos. Stansbury continued till June, 1821.
1822 Rev. Henry R. Weed continued till November, 1829.
1830 Rev. John N. Campbell ; died March, 1864.
1864 Rev James M. Ludlow ; resigned 1868.

- In 1849 a new edifice was completed for this society, on
the corner of Hudson and Philip streets. The old church
was sold by auction on the 13th of Dec, for |17,550. Dr.
J. N. Campbell preached a farewell discourse in it on the
3d March following, and on the 10th of the same month,
the new edifice was open for public worship, the pastor
officiating alone in the dedication. The following descrip-
tion of the new edifice was written by the late Sherman
Croswell :

The new edifice, for the accommodation of this large and
increasing congregation was in the course of construction
about two years. It was the third house built for the use of
this society, the first two having been previously alluded to.
The engraving opposite is a faithful representation of the
edifice, which was the noblest specimen of church architec-
ture in the city, as yet completed.

The following are the names of its principal artificers :

H. Rector, architect; Joshua R. Hayes, mason; Alexan-
der Gray, stonecutter; James Dennison & Co., carpenters;
Boyd & McDonald executed the mastic on the exterior, the
plaster, stucco and fresco work of the interior.

The workmanship, throughout, could scarcely be sur-
passed in elegance and stability.

The entire building occupies an area of about one hundred
and twenty by seventy-five feet; and for the convenience of
this brief description, the building may be arranged under

First Presbyterian Church, 173

three general divisions : the tower, occupying the east end ;
the centre, or main body of the building; and the projection
at the west end.

The tower is twenty-six feet square, and one hundred and
fifty-six high ', its external ornaments consisting of four
octagonal turrets — one at each corner, terminating in pin-
nacles ; two belt mouldings ] three clock faces ; panelled
belt; five windows; the entrance doors, and the parapet.

The body of the building is ninety seven by seventy-five
feet, and forty-four feet to the top of the parapets ; and
relieved externally with eighteen buttresses, four turrets,
and perforated for twelve windows.

The projection at the west end is about thirty by seven
feet, and contains two angle buttresses, cornice and parapet.

The turrets and buttresses present their usual display of
corbels, pediment mouldings, crocketed angles, and termi-
nating finials to their respective pinnacles; the belt and
eave cornices are well formed and judiciously arranged ; the
paneled course is filled with tracery; the clock faces fur-
nished with architrave mouldings, crocketed bands, and
terminating finials ; the tower windows furnished with cor-
bels, crocketed heads, and finials ; and the principal entrance
door has recessed jambs, columns, head-moulding, tracery,
cornice, tudor-leaf parapet, side buttresses, and side and
centre pinnacles. The parapets to the main body of the
building, and to the projection at the west end, are plain ;
that to the tower, open, and somewhat ornamented. The
windows have double mullions, transoms, tracery heads, and
are glazed with colored and figured glass manufactured for
the express purpose. The facing to foundations, the steps,
window heads, dressings, and all external ornaments are of
cut stone ; the other portions masticated to imitate stone.

The principal entrance is into the east side of the tower.
The towftr contains the inner porch, the screen doors, and
the organ and bell lofts ; also the apartment designed for
the clock. The entrance to the organ, and to the choir
gallery, is also through a portion of the tower ; and the west
side of the tower is perforated and arched.^ in order to pre-
sent a full view of the organ. The screen wall, dividing the
hall and lobbies from the nave and aisles, is perforated for
three doors corresponding with the inner passages along the

174 First Presbyterian Church.

several ranges of pews, and also for two doors leading to the
galleries. Between the front and screen walls is a transverse
hall which contains the staircases, all conveniently arranged
to give easy access to the different portions of the building.
The area west of the screen wall, about seventy-seven by
sixty-four feet, is divided by two ranges of columns into
nave and side aisles ; the columns form the support of the
two ranges of galleries, and of the spandrels of the groined
ceiling; the centre portion, or nave, terminating at its west
end in the recess containing the pulpit, steps, and private
entrance; and at the east end, in the organ loft and gallery
for the choir.

The main ceiling is formed into three general divisions,
corresponding with the nave and side aisles, by -groined
arches, ornamented with ribs, bosses, and the usual display
of ornament, and laid off to represent blocks of cut stone
masonry, and frescoed; the ribs descend along the different
curves of the arches, and rest in a cluster of mouldings upon
the ornamented caps of the columns, and upon ornamented
corbels along the walls. The ceilings of the galleries, and
also those of the porch and hall, are ornamented with span-
drels, resting upon corbels, and the angles filled with tracery.
In each panel of the galleries, between the columns, are
presented five arches resting upon corbels ; and from each
corbel rises a pinnacle, the arches and pinnacles ornamented
with crockets and finials, and terminate below the gallery
cornice ; the unoccupied spaces are filled with tracery panel-
ing. The gallery for the choir is finished similar to the
others, except that the main divisions and angles are formed
by projecting octagonal paneling, in form of turrets, and the
tracery within the arches perforated quite through.

Within the projection at the west end is formed the
recess which terminates the west end of the nave, the floor
of the recess forming the area occupied by the pulpit and
steps. The recess is ornamented with columns, panels and
tracery, and a blank window finishes its centre; the window
presenting all the variety of mullions, tracery, transom
crowned with tudor leaf, usual in ornamental windows. In
one side of the recess is a private entrance, with a corre-
sponding blank door at the opposite side, the arches of both
finished with crockets and finials. The pulpit is not in a

• First Freshyterian Church 175

suj95cient state of forwardness to admit of a particular descrip-
tion, but will doubtless be in character with the other por-
tions of the building.

The main floor is intended to contain one hundred and
fifty-eight pews, and the gallery forty-two. The choir will
be of sufficient size to accommodate thirty persons. About
twelve hundred persons can be accommodated in pews, gal-
lery and choir, if required. The building is intended to be
warmed by means of two furnaces located in the basement.

This church edifice, though entirely divested of the tran-
septs, clere-story, high ceiling, and lofty spires which cha-
racterize the cathedral form of church edifices, will be found
nevertheless, upon careful inspection, to present, in both
general design and in detail, objects worthy the attention of
the amateur and lover of the mechanic arts.

The lot on which this edifice is erected is on Hudson
street, 150 feet in length, and on Philip street, on which
it fronts about 148 feet in breadth, enclosed by an iron fence
of gothic structure. The organ, which is already put up,
and is a full organ with three banks of keys, was made by
Messrs. Appleton & Warren of Boston. The supposed
cost of the whole structure will be nearly seventy thousand
dollars.

In 1857 an addition of 30 feet was made to the west end
of the church, giving it an entire length of 127 feet. The
entire cost of lot, edifice, furniture and fixtures, was $110,000,
which was fully paid for in October, 1861.

Reminiscences.

At the ordination of Mr. McDonald in 178.5, the society
gave a public dinner to the three ministers who ordained
him, probably to give eclat to the event. The trustees
appropriated the seat on the right hand of the main door
to the use of the corporation, and the opposite one to the
governor; the pew on the right hand of the pulpit to
the minister, and that on the left hand to the elders and
deacons. The clerk was allowed 3s. for publishing mar-
riages, and 6f?. for every person christened. Three pounds
($7.50) was the price fixed for burying an adult under the
church, and 30s. for a person under 14 years of age. It
was ordained that " children must behave well/' and cour-
tesy was enjoined toward strangers. It was the sexton's

176 First Presbyterian Church.

duty to warn persons to attend funerals, and to walk before
the corpse, for which he was allowed a fee of 12s. On
the 4th of January, 1790, it was resolved that " 1,000 cop-
pers be stamped Church Penny, and placed in the hands of
the treasurer, for the purpose of exchanging with the con-
gregation at the rate of twelve for one shilling, in order to
add respect to the weekly collections/' i The Presbyterian
burying ground was on Hudson street, above Pearl, and
that as well as the church, is spoken of as being on the hill,
while the region below is called the plains. On the 17th
of May, 1792, Stephen Lush and Leonard Gansevoort, Jun.,
conveyed to the trustees of the Presbyterian church, " the
lot on the plains," in consideration of £110 ($275). The
title seems to have been considered doubtful. The corpora-
tion lease and release is drawn in consideration of 5s. The
lot is thus described in the first mentioned lease : "abutting
to the north the creek or kil called the Fuyck's kil; to the
south on the common highway ; to the west the hills; and to
the east Anthony De Hooghe's." The lot was used for a
stave yard, through which the kil passed, and still passes,
about midway under the church, being arched over as a
drain. The entrance into Washington street, as it was then
called, from State street, was through a gate, which was
taken away some years later, when the street was opened to
its present width. On the 15th of July, 1793, the trustees
decided that the salary of the precentor, Mr. McFarlan, was
inadequate, and voted him £8 (820) per annum. On the
day the church was opened for public service, the Rev. Dr.
Smith, president of tjnion College, preached two sermons.
A call had been given to the Rev. David S. Bogert, of the
city of New York, to become the pastor of the church, with
a salary of $1,000 per annum. At a subsequent day, in
order to prevent the passing of vehicles during service, the
trustees procured the passing of a law which allowed two
chains to be stretched across the street, at each end of the
church, which effectually barricaded it to all but foot pas-
sengers. The chains were removed in 1832.

^ Three of these pennies were found about 1864, and have been
sold to collectors of coins as high as $25 for a single one. One of
them was spaded up in the garden of Mr. J, Carson Brevoort in
Brooklyn, on Long Island.

Bethel for Watermen.

177

BETHEL FOR WATERMEN.

The above institution commenced its operations in May,
1843, in the following manner. A few pious persons, who
were convinced that boatmen had been too long neglected,
resolved to try the experiment of establishing meetings in
the city for their benefit. They procured a suitable room in
Stanwix Hall, fitted it up for service, and invited Rev. John
Miles, a Wesleyan Methodist minister, to labor for and with
them, Mr. Miles accepted the invitation, and entered upon
the duties of his office by preaching his first bethel sermon
on State Street Bridge, sabbath morning, May 14, 1843,
from Proverbs, xi, 30. "He that winneth souls is wise.''
A board of managers was early formed, consisting of twelve,
from different sections of the Christian church. At their
first meeting, held to adopt measures to sustain the cause, the

178 Bethel for Watermen,

following preamble and resolution were offered, and unani-
mously adopted : " From a conviction that it is our impera-
tive duty to do good unto all men, even to the neglected
boatmen, sailors and strangers (as many such persons are
constantly arriving in our city,) we the undersigned think
it necessary that somethino; should be done in their behalf;
and we agree to form ourselves into a board of managers for
the Albany Bethel; to enact laws by which it shall be go-
verned, and to do all we can to have it permanently sustained/'
The room in Stanwix Hall was kept but one year, as at
the close of the same, Clark Durant, E'-q., who had shown
himself a very warm friend of the undertaking, by contribut-
ing liberally towards its support, came forward and purchased
the neat and commodious house lately occupied by the Third
Presbyterian Church, for which he paid $5,000, and ten-
dered its use gratuitously, so long as it could be sustained
as a free bethel. The building of which the above is a
representation, was situated in Montgomery street, between
Orange and Columbia streets; its dimensions were 50 by
60 feet. Mr. Miles was long its chaplain, faithful and
devoted in the discharge of his duties. The meetings were
all public, and the seats all free. The Bethel was entirely
free from any sectarian influence, having no organized
church, but standing entirely on neutral ground. It was
supported by the voluntary subscriptions of those who took
an interest in the spiritual and temporal welfare of water-
men and the stranger within our gates. There was also a
sabbath school connected with it which was commenced in
June, 1844.

The New York Central rail road company purchased all
the territory around the Bethel, and would have purchased
that also, but that Mr. Durant refused to sell. This cut off
a long stretch of the dock that had been before used for
water craft, and isolated the building to such an extent, that
it was found necessary to remove to other quarters. But it
is believed that the Bethel movement has been abaodoned
for several years past,

Jewish Synagogues, 179

JEWISH SYNAGOGUES.

There are three Hebrew congregations in this city. The
Bethel Congregation consisted originally ofsixteen.members,
all of them Germans, who came over in 1837, from Europe,
and after having been for a short time in New York, they
settled in this city in the fall of 1837. Before that time
there were very few Israelites residing in Albany. There
are now about 250 members in the congregation. Their
place of worship is called a synagogue, where they perform
their service in the Hebrew language. Their meeting days
are every sabbath or Saturday, and besides on thirteen holi-
days and twenty-seven half-holidays. Their first place of
worship was in Bassett street, but on the 2d of September,
1812, they dedicated a new synagogue at No. 76 Herkimer
street, formerly a church belonging to the Hibernian Bene-
volent Society; which cost, after having been altered and
repaired, about $3,500. This has since been transferred to
Ferry street, late Methodist Episcopal Church. There is
one minister or rabbi to the congregation, who is elected
annually, for the term of one year. Mr. Henry Seehling
was the second minister, and was succeeded by Rabbi Vise
Traub. The present rabbi is Bev. Herman Birkenthal.

In the spring of the year 1841, three members and eight
seat holders quitted the Bethel Congregation and commenced
a new society under the title of Beth Jacob-, which counts
at present about forty members. Their service is the same
as the Bethel Congregation. They met at No. 8 Rose street-
until some time during 1848 they erected a synagogue in
Fulton street, at an expense of $4,500.

The congregation Anshe Emeth, was formed of a portion
of Bethel congregation, about 1851. They purchased the
Baptist Church in South Pearl street, below Lydius, and now
constitute the largest congregation in the city. The present
rabbi is Rev. Max Schlessinger.

Each congregation has a separate burial ground. There is
also a Mutual Benefit Society of Israelites in this city, to
which nearly all the members of the Bethel Congregation
belong. The object of this society is to support the poor
sick, as well as their own members, and to give relief to the
families of the poor and the sick, and to see that in case of
death the corpse is properly buried.

180 Universalist Church,

UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.

There was preaching occasionally by Universalist clergymen
in this city, for a few years previous to 1829. In the fall of
hat year the first Universalist meeting house in Albany was
erected on Herkimer street, being a temporary wooden build-
ing 50 by 27 feet. Subsequently it was elevated for the
purpose of forming a basement and lOJ feet added to its
depth; it then had cost about $1,500. On the 1st of March,
1830, it was resolved to form a Universalist Society. March
23, 1830, the first Universalist Society was organized, when
about thirty persons signed the constitution, which contains
a confession of Christian faith; the society therefore com-
prises the church. The Rev. Wm. S. Balch commenced
his labors in the latter part of February, 1830, who, in
consequence of poor health, removed at the expiration of
three months. The Rev. Isaac D. Williamson commenced
his labors on the 17th of June,. 1830, and resigned the 1st
of May, 1837. The brick meeting house in Green street,
now occupied by the society, was commenced the 25th of
July, 1833, and completed in August, 1834. It is a sub-
stantial, neat, and convenient edifice, 80 by 48 feet, con-
structed in accordance with the Grecian Doric order, and
with the lot, cost about $14,000. The Rev. Stephen R.
Smith commenced his labors the 18th of September, 1837,
and left the society on the 1st of May, 1842 ; was succeeded
by Rev. S. B. Britton, who left the society in April, 1843,
after which the Rev. L. B. Mason supplied the desk until
the fall of 1845, when he left in consequence of ill health.
The society was then without stated preaching until the
spring of 1846, when Rev. S. B. Britton returned and
remained for one year, after which Rev. R. P. Ambler
preached for about eight months ; since which there has
been no settled pastor until November 1st, 1848, when Rev.
W. H. Waggoner was engaged as pastor, and installed on
the 20th of December. There was a Sunday school attached
to the society, consisting of more than one hundred scholars.
The library consisted of 200 volumes, of very carefully se-
lected books. The congregation numbered about four hun-
dred and had sixty communicants. It dissolved about 1866.

Society of Friends. 181

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.

The Society of Friends in the city of Albany first met for
religious worship in diiTerent places, where they could obtain
suitable rooms, from 1827 to 1833, a considerable part of
the time in the Lancasterian School House, in Eagle street,
by permission of the common council. In 1835 they be-
came an organized society, and built a meeting house on the
south side of Plain street, below Grand. The dimensions
of the building are 36 by 42 feet, and 22 feet walls above
the basement, and seated so as to accommodate about four
hundred persons. It has a large and commodious basement,
which is occupied as a school room. The school is under
the charge of a member of the society, and numbers about
50 pupils. This edifice was erected by the society here,
with the assistance of the Yearly Meeting of New York, at
an expense of $5,000, when the congregation numbered -
about 150 persons.

16

182 Ajicieni Albany.

ANCIENT ALBANY.

The denizens of this ancient city know by tradition that
it was formerly protected against the incursions of the French
and Indians, by palisades, a kind of fortification, consisting
of upright posts planted firmly in the ground, and peculiar
in the manner of its use to the settlements of this country.
Occasionally in making excavations, the relics of these
ancient wooden walls are met with, but from the difficulty
we have had in gathering authentic oral information about
the limits which they described, we are inclined to believe
that few if any at this day can give a satisfactory account
of them. The accompanying diagram shows the line of
these old defenses. It is not known whether it was drawn
after any accurate survey, but could hardly have been other-
wise, from its correspondence with the same portion of the
city at the present day. We can see how the curvatures
and diagonal lines presented by our streets had their rise in
the course of the protecting enclosure, which latter was run
to correspond with the declivities on either side of the high
ground upon which this part of the city stands, and termi-
nating in a regular fort at Lodge street. It was drawn in
1695, by the Rev. John Miller, a chaplain in the British
army, and is unquestionably a true picture of the form and
boundaries of the city a century and a half ago — reaching
from Hudson to Steuben street on Broadway, and from the
river west to Lodge street. A more extended line of pali-
sades was afterwards constructed, bounded by Hamilton
street on the south, and crossing Broadway on the north at
the house occupied by the late venerable Abraham Van
Vechten, a little north of Orange and y?n Tromp streets.
The north gate was placed there, and was a local name as
late as the beginning of the present century, dividing the
city of Albany from the Colonic, which was a separate town,
until the year 1815, when a portion of it was annexed, and
called the fifth ward. It was a century after this draft of
the city was made before it began to increase very rapidly

Flan of Albany y 1695.

w

183

E

PLAN OF ALBANY, 1695.

1. The Fort.

2. Dutch Calvinist Church.

Dr. Delliua pastor.

3. German Lutheran Church.

4. Its burying place.

5. Dutch Calvinist burying place.

6. Stadt House.

7. Blockhouses.

9. A great Gun to clear a gulley.

10. Stockade.

11. City Gates, six in all.

184 RuttenKil

in population, since which it has expanded around this
nucleus, " as from a stroke of the enchanter's wand."

The following is the description given of Albany in 1695,
by the author alluded to :

'' As the city of New York is the chief place of strength
belonging to this province for its defence against those
enemies who come by sea, so Albany is of principal con-
sideration against those who come by land, the French and
Indians of Canada. It is distant from New York 150 miles,
and lies up Hudson's river on the west side, on the descent
of a hill from the west to the eastward. It is in circumfer-
ence about six furlongs, and hath therein about 200 houses,
a fourth part of what there is reckoned to be in New York.
The form of it is septangular, and the longest line that which
buts upon the river, running from the north to the south.
On the west angle is the fort, quadrangular, strongly stock-
aded and ditched round, having in it twenty-one pieces of
ordnance mounted. On the north-west side are two block-
houses, and on the south west as many : in the south-east
angle stands one blockhouse ; in the middle of the line from
thence northward is a horned work, and on the north-east
angle a mount. The whole city is well stockaded round,
and in the several fortifications named are about thirty guns."

RUTTEN KIL.

The grading of the great Hudson street ravine, anciently
known as the Rutten kil, was nearly completed in 1847,
from Hawk to Lark streets, and from near Lydius to State.
During a period of about three years, from 50 to 250 per-
sons, and 60 teams, were employed upon the work of grading
and filling this extensive area. The ravine, originally 300
feet broad and 50 feet deep, throughout its entire length,
received the lofty banks upon its borders, and was raised to
a convenient grade, thereby furnishing a large tract for
habitation, that had long been waste, or only occupied for
brick kilns, and dirty reservoirs, where truant boys fished
and bathed. Not less than 600,000 yards of excavation were
made in blue clay, and an equal amount of filling was done
by one contractor.

City of Albany.

185

ARMS OF THE CITY OF ALBANY.

CITY OF ALBANY.

Albany enjoys an eligible situation on the west bank of
the Hudson river, near the head oY tide water. Its latitude
is 42° 39' 3" north ; its longitude 73° 32' west of G-reen wich,
and 3° 13' east of Washington. The city of New York is
distant meridianally 135J miles; by the road on the west
side of the river 145 miles ; by the river a little less. The
distance of Boston is 164 miles ; of Montreal, 230 ; of Wash-
ington, 370. The city appears to great advantage from the
river, having a south-eastern aspect; rising rapidly from the
bank, and presenting its public buildings in bold relief. Its
habitations occupy the alluvial valley of the Hudson, about
a quarter of a mile in width, and ascend three hills of about
140 feet elevation, separated by deep valleys, through which
considerable streams of water formerly ran, known as the
Foxen kil, the Rutten kil, and the Beaver kil. The view
from either of the heights is picturesque ; to the north may
be seen the city of Troy and adjacent villages, and in the
distance the hills of Vermont. To the east the beautiful
extent of country lying beyond the Hudson river; and to the
south the Helderbergs, and the Catskill mountains with the

river flowing at their base Before the arrival of white

men, it was known to the Indians in the valley of the Mo-

186 City of Albany.

hawk, by the name of Schaughnaughfada, or Scho-negh-
td-da, which signified over the plains ; a name which the
Dutch applied to an Indian settlement where the city of
Schenectady now stands, as being over the plains from

Albany The first European vessel which is known to

have penetrated this region, was the Half Moon, Captain
Henry Hudson, in September, 1609. A boat from that ves-
sel is said to have moored at some point on what is now
Broadway. Several Dutch navigators followed during the
next three or four years, and erected trading houses at
Albany and New York, for the purpose of collecting furs
of the Indians. Our city, therefore, is, next to Jamestown,
Va., the oldest colony in the Union. One of the early
pioneers in this traffic, was Hendrik Chrystiaense (or Cors-
tiaensen), by whom a fort was erected in 1614, on the island
below the city, known as Marten Gerritsen's or Castle island,
Boyd's island, etc. This island, which contains about 70
acres, will soon be difficult to indentify, having been several
years ago connected with the main land at the north end by
an embankment, and a narrow inlet behind it, is rapidly
filling up. That fort appears on the Figurative Map made
in 1616, found by Mr. Brodhead in Holland. It was a
stockade, 50 feet square, encircled by a ditch 18 feet wide,
and was defended by two pieces of cannon, and 11 stone
guns, and garrisoned by 12 men under Jacob Jacobs Elkens.
The trading house within the fort was 36 by 26 feet. When
it was carried away by the spring freshet in 1617, a spot was
chosen near the outlet of the Norman's kil and a fort erected
there. That place was abandoned in 1623.anda newfortbuilt
in what is now Broadway, at the steam boat landing, the site
of .the Susquchannah rail road office. The fort mounted eight
large cannon, called by the Dutch stone gesiucken, by which
it is understood that they were loaded with stones instead of
iron balls. It was named Fort Orange, in honor of the
prince of Orange, who then presided over the Netherlands.
This fort was intended to afi'ord convenient accommodations
for traffic with the Indians, and to serve as a protection
against sudden attacks from them. It was only occupied
during the autumn and winter by the traders, who as yet
made no attempts at colonization In 1630, the com-
missary of the Dutch West Indian Company, purchased of

City of Albany, 18T

the Indians two tracts on the west side of the river, for
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, a wealthy pearl merchant of Amster-
dam. The territory thus acquired included the fort, and
the same year a number of colonists sailed from the Texel
with their families, provided with farming implements,
stock, and all other necessaries, and arrived at the mouth of
the river on the 24th of May, after a passage of sixty-four
days. On their arrival at Fort Orange, they were provided
with humble accommodations in the vicinity. The names
of the settlers that arrived this year are given by Dr.
O'Oallaghan, in his History of New Netherlands vol. I, p.
433, as follows : Wolfert G-erritsen, superintendent of farms.
Rutger Hendricksen van Soest, superintendent of the brew-
ery. Soger Hendricksen van Soest, shepherd and plowman.
Brandt Peelen van Nieukerke, schepen ; he died in 1644 ;
his descendants take the name of Brandt. Simon Dircksen
Pos. Jan Tyssen, trumpeter, Andries Carstenssen, mill-
wright. Laurens Laurenssen and Barent Tomassen, sawyers.
Arendt van Cuyler, commissary. Jacob Jansen Stol ; suc-
ceeded Hendrick Albertsen as ferrymaster. Martin Gerrit-
sen van Bergen ; he had a lease of Castle Island, in 1668,
which afterwards took his name. Claes Arissen. Boeloflf
Jansen van Maesterlandt, wife and family ; came out as
farmer to the patroon at $72 a year. Claes Claessen, his
servant. Jacques Spierinck, Jacob Govertsen, Beynert
Harmensen, and Bastiaen Jansen Krol. Albert Andriessen
Bradt de Noorman. It was from him that the Norman's kil
takes its name, the water privilege of which he leased ; as
well as a large farm situated on that stream, which fell into
the hands of Teunis Slingerland, who married his daughter,
Engeltje Seven years later (1637) Mr. Van Rensse-
laer purchased the tract on the opposite side of the river,
"for certain quantities of duffels, axes, knives, and wampum,"
and thus became the proprietor of a tract of country 24 miles
along the river, and 48 in extent, east and west. Over this
extensive tract he possessed all the authority of a sovereign,
and made a large outlay for its settlement, giving it the
name of Rensselaerswyck. The administration of justice and
the management of its financial affairs he committed to
the care of a commissary general. Fortunate in the selec-
tion of these, his colony prospered much more than that at

188 City of Albany.

New Amsterdam, and it was to the good offices of Van Cur-
ler, or Corlear, the first commissary, that the colonists at
New Amsterdam were indebted more than once, for their

preservation from the hands of the Indians In 1642

Mr, Van Rensselaer sent over the Rev. Johannes Megapo-
lensis as minister of Rensselacrswyck, at his private expense.
It is not certain that he visited the colony himself. He died
in 1646, and the estate descended to his son Johannes, then
a minor, between whose agent and Gov. Stuyvesant serious
difficulties occurred, which it was necessary to refer to the

states general of Holland for arbitration In 1664 the

province came into the possession of the English, when the
name of Beverwyck, by which it had been known, was
changed to Albany, that being one of the titles of the Duke
of York'. It had also been equally well known as William-
stadt. Fort Orange, and the Fuyck,' which latter signifies
the bend in the river. Fort Orange was built in 1623, and
Williamstadt in 1647 at the head of State street. The right
of soil was confirmed to the patroon by a new patent, but
the government was retained in the hands of the colony.

In 1686, Gov. Dongan granted a charter to the citizens

of Albany. At first a trading station, then a hamlet, next
a village, it was now dignified with the title of city. It has
finally become the capital of the state — the Empire State !
The charter gave the city an area of one mile in width on
the river, and extending in a north-west direction, at the
same width, thirteen and a half miles to the north line
of the manor of Rensselacrswyck; containing 7,160 acres.
Peter Schuyler, the friend of the Indians, was named the
first mayor, and the first common council consisted of the
following persons: Peter Schuyler, mayor; Isaac Swinton,
recorder; Robert Livingston, town clerk; Dirk Wessels,
Jan Jans Bleecker, David Schuyler, Johannes Wendell,
LevinusVan Schaick, Adriaen Gerritsen, aldermen; Joachim
Staats, John Lansingh, Isaac Verplanck, Lawrence Yan Ale,
Albert Ryckman, Melgert Wynantse, assistant aldermen ;

^ The origin of tMs term for the settlement, which signifies the
form of a hoop-net, and is pronounced fowk, is also ascribed to the
form of Broadway between State and Steuben streets. See Albany
County Records.

City of Albany, 189

Jan Bleecker, chamberlain; Richard Pretty, sheriff; James

Parker,, marshal The Schuyler family, for several

generations, exerted a powerful influence over the Indians.
In all the treaties with them the city of Albany bore a
conspicuous part; and so entirely had they won the con-
fidence of the savages, that from the date of its settle-
ment, it was never invaded by a hostile tribe ; although, in
1689, when the citizens refused to submit to the adminis-
tration of Leisler and Milborne, they yielded allegiance
through fear of an Indian invasion .During the revolu-
tion, the Albany committee nobly sustained their countrymen
in the struggle. Burgoyne had boasted at the commence-
ment of the campaign, that his army should revel upon the
spoils of Albany ; but he only visited the city as a captive.
Sir Henry Clinton twice attempted to invade it, but met

with sufficient obstacles to prevent his success In

1795 the town of Colonic was annexed, forming the fifth
ward. It became the capital of the state in 1807. Since
the introduction of steamboats and the completion of the
canals, the growth of the city has been rapid, and the lines
of railroads, which connect it with Boston and Buffalo, are
giving it a still greater impulse. From its central position,
Albany forms a kind of natural entrepot between New York
and a vast interior country, comprising the Canadas, part of
Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and even Wisconsin and Iowa, on
the one side, and parts of the New England states on the
other. Flour and other agricultural products form the prin-
cipal articles of export. The city has about 120 streets, and
is divided into ten wards. Its population, by the last census
[1845], was 41,139. Each ward elects two aldermen who,
together with the mayor and recorder, form the Common

Council The architecture of the citv has undergone

a very great change in the last 30 years. Many of tiie pub-
lic and private buildings of Albany are now of an elegant
and costly character. The Capitol, occupied for legislative
purposes, the state courts and the state library; the State
Hall, erected for the accommodation of the public officers;
the City Hall, occupied for city and county business, and
the Albany Academy, all face the public square at the head
of State street, and the foot of Washington street. A few rods
south of these is the County Jail, and the Medical College,
in Eagle street. The Female Academy is a handsome edifice,

190 City of Albany.

situated in North Pearl street. The Albany Exchange is
situated at the foot of State street. The Orphan Asylum is
located one mile west of the City Hall, and the Penitentiary
near Lydius street on the Delaware turnpike. These will
be more fully described in another place, as well as the

churches, and other important buildings The trade,

commerce and manufactures of Albany are important, and
rapidly increasing. Its iron foundries are among the largest
in the country. More stoves are manufactured here, than
in any other city or town in the Union. It has extensive
manufactories of piano fortes, leather, coaches, sleighs, hats,
caps and bonnets, the three latter to the amount of nearly
a million of dollars a year. In addition to the above, the
Albany Nail Works, near Troy, the most extensive establish-
ment of the kind in America, are principally owned in
Albany, as also an extensive satinet factory, and flouring mills
on the Patroon's creek. The Erie and Ohamplain canals, which
form a junction ei^ht miles above, enter the Hudson at the
north end of the city, where a capacious basin has been
formed, of more than a mile in length, by means of a pier
inclosing a part of what was anciently termed the Fuyck, or
bend in the river, of 32 acres area, affording a winter harbor
for boats, as well as safe protection to vessels navigating the
river or canals, and commodious wharfage. The Mohawk
and Hudson railroad, among the first roads built in the
country, and connected with the Utica and Schenectady,
and Saratoga and Schenectady railroads, terminates at
Albany. The Albany and West Stockbridge railroad
connects with the Western railroad at the state line, between
Massachusetts and New York, forming a continuous line of
railroads from Albany to Boston. The termination of these
railroads and canals at Albany, renders it the centre of trade
and transshipment, and has opened to the enterprise of her
merchants and artisans an extent of country unsurpassed in
its wealth and resources. In 1832 a company was incorpo-
rated with a capital of three millions, to connect Albany
with New York by a railroad on the margin of the river,
but it was not until 1847 that efficient measures were taken
to carry out that great project, when a new charter was
granted by the legislature, the stock subscribed, and a por-
tion of the road is already constructed, and will be in opera-
tion over a considerable length of it in 1849.

County of Albany,

191

COUNTY OF ALBANY.

Albany county was organized under Gov. Dongan, in 1683,
when it comprised the whole of the state north and west of
Dutchess and Ulster counties, and part of Vermont. In 1757,
the number of taxable inhabitants was 3,800; in 1767, 5,014 j
and in 1786, after several counties had been set off, 72,360.
In 1772 a very large tract was severed and took the name of
Montgomery county, out of which a good many counties have
since been formed. In the same year Washington county was
also set off on the east side of the Hudson. On the 4th of
April, 1786, an act passed the legislature, erecting the south-
east part of the county of Albany into a new county, by the
name of Columbia. In 1788, Clinton county was formed from
the northern extremity, whose census in 1790 was 1,222? and
that of Columbia county 27,552, of which 1,630 were slaves.
The following is a table of the towns which comprised the
county of Albany in 1790, and the census of each; the or-
thography is also preserved :

Towns.

Males.

Females.

Slaves.

Total.

Albany,

Water-Vliet,,..-

Rensselaerwyck,

Stephentown,

Schohary,

Duansburgh,

Schenectady,

Hosack,

Halfmoon,

Goxsakie,

Saratoga,

1,467
3,456
3,972
3,652

979

787
1,979
1,542
1,818
1,626
1,625

836
3,640

786
2,515
1,559
1,266
1,260

873
1,450

1,467
3,481
3,504
3,362

936

704
1,871
1,455
1,668
1,488
1,394

844
3,117

694
2,404
1,428
1,179
1,134

869
1,316.

572

730

■ 572

28

154
4

467
36

121

302
62

308
66

137
48
65
57
31
6
11

3,506
7,667
8,048
7,042
2,069
1,495
4,317
3,033
3,607
3,416
3,081
1,988
6,823
1,617
4,967
3,052
2,502
2,425
1,748
2,777

Cattskill,

Ballston,

Schaticook,

Cambridge,

Stillwater,

Easton,

Pittstown,

Freehold,

Rensselaer- Ville,

37,088

34,315

3,777

75,180

192 County of Albany,

It was ascertained that the county of Ontario at the same
time exceeded three thousand! In 1791, the legislature
divided Albany into three counties, Albany, Rensselaer and
Saratoga. By this arrangement, the population of Albany
was 28,192, Rensselaer 29,634, and Saratoga 16,463.
The rapidly increasing population of the state required the
division of the other large counties which had been formed
by the dismemberment of Albany ; the counties of Tioga,
Otsego and Herkimer were cut off from Montgomery, in
portions that afterwards admitted of subdivisions. In 1794
the legislature had in contemplation a design to take another
corner from Albany county ] but at the adjournment of that
body, it remained in the senate, which passed a resolution at
its close, that the further consideration of the bill entitled
" An act to erect certain lands into a separate county by the
name of Delaware," be postponed until the next session.
The boundaries of the proposed county described in the bill
are curious: "All that part of the counties of Albany,
Ulster and Otsego, beginning at the Susquehanna river, at
the mouth of the Unadilla, and running from thence along
the division line, between the counties of Otsego and Tioga
southerly, to the mouth of a brook called Aughquago, which
runs into Delaware river near a place called the Cook house ;
and thence down the said river to a place ten miles below
Shohakin, measured along the said river as it runs, and
thence hortheastly to the mouth of a creek called the East
kill, which runs into the Schoharie kill ; and up the middle
of the Stony kill to the head thereof to a hemlock- tree
marked with the letters W. 1. 1. W., and thence northwest to
the Adiquataygie or Charlotte river ] and thence down the
middle thereof to the Susquehanna river ; and thence down
the middle of the same to the place of beginning, shall be
and hereby is erected into a separate county by the name
of Delaware." This county was not formed until 1797,
when it was taken wholly from Otsego and Tioga. The
county of Albany then comprised the following towns :
Albany, Schenectady, Catskill, Coxsackie, Schoharie, Berne,
Coeymans, Bethlehem, Rensselaerville, Watervliet, Duanes-
burgh, Freehold. The number of electors in the city was
765 ; in the County, 6,087. The following is a list of the

County of Albany,

193

taxable inhabitants of the towns in the county of Albany,
in July, 1795 :

Albany, 806

Watervliet, 573

Coxsackie, 600

Catskill, 354

Freehold,.... 524

Coeymans, 354

Bethlehem, 350

Rensselaervilie, 495

Schohary, 507

Duanesburgh, 400

Berne, 386

Schenectady, 747

In 1809, the corporation of the city of Schenectady ap-
plied to the legislature for another division of xllbany county,
taking the city of Schenectady, the towns of Duanesburgh,
and Princetown, and so much of the town of Watervliet as
lay beyond the manor line. On a division of the house
there were 8 in favor of the new county. This was the
final subdivision, leaving the county as it now stands, when
it consisted of Albany, Coeymans, Watervliet, Rensselaer-
vilie, Berne, Colonic, Bethlehem, and Guilderland. Some
of these have been subdivided, and otherwise altered, but
the territory is believed to be the same. Its boundaries will
be seen on the accompanying map. It consists of the fol-
lowing towns, with the date of their incorporation :

1686 Albany

1795

Berne

1688 Watervliet

1803

Gruilderlaad

1790 Rensselaervilie

1815

Westerlo

1791 Coeymans

1822

Knox

1793 Bethlehem

1832

New Scotland

The greatest length of the county is 28 miles ; breadth
21 ; containing an area of about 515 square miles ; or 329,-
110 acres according to the last census. The far greater por-
tion of it belongs to the manor of Rensselaer. The surface
is uneven, and in the south-west part hilly and mountainous.
The soil in the vicinity of the Hudson is good, and much of
it highly cultivated -, but in the interior sandy plains occur,
most of which were formerly considered mere barrens; they
are susceptible of cultivation, however, and under good hus-
bandry are made to yield abundantly. These plains are
from ten to eleven miles broad, and stretch from north to
south nearly through the whole county. On the Mohawk

17

194 County of Albany,

the land is rugged and sterile. The agricultural produc-
tions of the county are oats, corn, rye, buckwheat and
barley, principally. Wheat is again becoming more gene-
rally cultivated. Potatoes are raised in considerable quanti-
ties. The western part is favorable to grazing, and butter
is there largely produced. Sheep husbandry is also large
and increasing. The Helderberg hills extend through the
western part of the county, uniting with the Catskill range
on the south. They are from 400 to 500 feet in height and
precipitous, but quite uniform, displaying no isolated peaks.
They furnish an abundance of fuel, consisting principally of
hemlock, beech, sugar maple, black birch, bass-wood, and
white ash. The swamps afford black ash, and soft maple,
with a portion of elm. The eastern sides of the hills abound
with sugar maple, beech, bass-wood and white ash, while
the ridges and western aspects, abound with a greater pro-
portion of hemlock. In the eastern part of the county
yellow and white pine ; black, white and chestnut oak ]
chestnut, walnut, in the wet land elm, and hemlock is often
found near the streams. The rocks are principally com-
posed of lime and sandstone, abounding in organic remains.
The most important mineral productions are bog iron ore,
which is found in various places ; marl and water limestone
is found in Bethlehem, and in the city of Albany is a
mineral spring, which evolves carbonic acid, and contains
ingredients similar to those found in the celebrated springs
at Biillston and Saratoga. There are also several sulphur
springs in the county, but none of them have acquired much
celebrity. Epsom salts are found at Coeymans Landing,
and petroleum in Guilderland. Extensive explorations have
been made for coal on both sides of the river, in this region ;
and although large sums have been expended in the search
during a period of full half a century, without any success,
and the state geologists have determined that coal can not
exist in this locality, there are still found persons anxious
to continue the effort to find it. In the limestone of the
Helderberg hills are several extensive caverns, in which are
found crystals and stalactites of various degrees of beauty
and perfection. Calcareous spar and alum also occur in the

county The county is well watered. The principal

rivers and creeks are the Mohawk on the north-east, the

A Remarkable Winter, 195

Hudson on the east, the Norman's kil, Vlamans kil,
Haivnakraus kil, Coeymans creek, Provost creek, Cats kil,
and Patroon's creek, &c., running into the Hudson on the
east and south, the Foxes' creek and others flowing west ;
together with several rivulets emanating from durable
springs and lakes. Most of these have valuable waterfalls,
affording great facilities for manufacturing, and are now
made available to a great extent. The Foxen kil and Kut-
ten kil, formerly considerable runs of water flowing through
the city of Albany, are now obliterated, and their ancient
beds turned into sewers. The Beaver kil, or Buttermilk
creek, once a mill stream, affording considerable water
power, is also nearly extinguished. The principal waterfall
is the Cohoes, having a perpendicular descent of nearly 70
feet, possessing great picturesque beauty, and much resorted
to during the summer months by visitors from all parts of
the county. The total fall of the Mohawk here is 140 feet,
affording power sufl&cient to propel at least one million of
spindles, with all the necessary apparatus.

A REMARKABLE WINTER.

A meteorological table was kept for the month of Janu-
ary, 1802, and published in the Gazette, by which it appears
that the lowest range of the thermometer was 10°, and
the highest 55^° above zero. The winter was so remark-
ably mild as to have more the appearance of April, the river
was navigable 17 days, so that vessels passed from Albany
to New York, and at no time was the ice strong enough for
any team to pass on it, and not more than \\ inches of snow
fell within two miles of the city during the months of DC'
cember and January.

196

Cheap Postage System in Albany,

OPERATION OF THE CHEAP POSTAGE SYSTEM IN

ALBANY.

The returns of the postmaster, Mr. James D. Wasson, of
the number of letters, newspapers, pamphlets and maga-
zines received at the Post Office in Albany during the
month of October, 1845, were as follows :

No. of unpaid and paid letters at 5 cents, .
" " " " at 10 " .

" free letters, at 5 " .

at 10 " .

" dropped letters, at 2 " .

" printed circulars, at 2 " .

" newspapers chargeable and free,. .
" pamphlets and magazines,

34,656

3,804

162

65

730

257

19,280

410

The following is a transcript of the returns for October,
1843, no account having been kept in 1844 :

No. of letters at 6 cents, 2,127

10 " 3,372

12i " 10,006

18f " 8,182

25 " 864

" " to postmasters, 1,597

" " to members of Congress, 172

" drop letters, 1,629

" regular papers, 10,030

" free papers, 9,503

" irregular papers, 1,752

" pamphlets, periodical, 623

" " not periodical, 39

The receipts for the month of October, during the years
1843, '44 and '45, were as follows, viz :

October, 1843, $3,497 76

1844, 2.860 71

1845, 2.225 76

The falling off in the receipts of 1844, under the old rates,
compared with 1843, was $637.35; and in 1845, under the
c heap postage system, compared with 1844, $624.65. But
these deficiencies have been far more than realized since, and
the system is working well, the business of the office having
increased in a very rapid ratio.

Civil Officers of Albany, 1693. 197

CIVIL OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF ALBANY, 1693.

The militia of the county consisted of 359 men, commanded
by Major Peter Schuyler, divided into five companies of foot
and one of horse.

Peter Schuyler Esq Mayor
Pirck Wessels Esq Recorder
Robt Livingston Esq Town Clerk
John Apeel Esq"" Sheriffe

The Aldermen, Collectors, Assessors and Constables elec-
tive.

The Mayor's Court hath the Power of the Comon Pleas.

In each county there is a court of Comon Pleas whereof
the first in the Commission of the peace is Judge, and is to
be assisted with any two of the three next in the commission
of the Peace.

The Mayor and Aldermen are Justices of the Peace and
have power to hold Quarter Sessions in the Cittys of N. York
& Albany.

Justicesof the Peace: — In the County of Albany to joyne
the Mayor Recorde"" and Aldermen in the Quarter Sessions.

Effhbert Theunisse "^ Nicholas Ripse

^ ^g Sanders Glenn I ,-, ^^
^ Peter Vosbrough [ ^

Gerryt Theunisse

Kilian van Ranslaer
Martin Gerritse
Dirck Theunisse

The following is a list of the officers of the militia of the
county of Albany, in the year 1700, when the regiment
numbered 371 men.

Peter Schuyler, Col., Lt. Col., Dyrck Wessels, Maj.,

Field officers.

Of a Foot Company in the city of Albany:- — Johannes
Bleeker, Captain; Johannes Roseboome Lieut.; Abra: Cuy-
ler, Knsigne; Com^ Officers.

Of another Foote Com^ in ye said city : — Albert Rykman,
Captain; Wessel ten Broek, Lieut.; Johannes Thomasse,
Ensigne.

198 The Overslaugh^ etc.

Of another Foot Compa in the said County: — Martin
Cornelise, Captain; Andris Douw, Lieut.; Andris Koyman,
Ensign.

Of another Foot Comp^^ in the said County : — Gerrit Teu-
nisse, Captain; Jonas Douw, Jochem Lamerse, Lieut^.; Volc-
kart V. Hoes^.m, Abra. Hanse, Ensignes.

Of a Foot Compa in ye town of Schenectady : — Johannes
Sanderse Glen, Captain ; Adam Woman, [Vrooman?] Lieut.
Harman V. Slyke, Ensigne.

Of the Troope of Horse in ye said Regiment : — Kilian
Van Renslaer, Captain; Johannes Schuyler, Lieut. Bennone
V. Corlaer, Cornet; Anthony Bries, Quartermaster.

THE OVERSLAUGH.

The legislature passed an act, in April, 1790, for the im-
provement of the navigation at the Overslaugh, by allowing
the proprietors o? Mills and Papskni islands to erect a dam to
prevent the passage of the water between them and throw
it into the main channel. This, it was thought, would
more effectually benefit the navigation, than the employ-
ment of " an unwieldy machine, which at best only aflfords a
temporary relief

MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS.

The number of bricks manufactured in Albany during
the last fifteen years, has averaged sixteen millions per annum,
until the year 1847, when the quantity produced was only
half that number in consequence of the reduced price, $2.50
per thousand.

Albany Academy,

199

ALBANY ACADEMY.

As early as 1804, a meeting of citizens was held at the
City Tavern, on the 18th March, to take into consideration
the expediency of instituting an academy. The Lieutenant-
Governor, Mayor, Chancellor, Rev. Eliphalet Nott, Rev.
John DeWitt, and Messrs. Henry and Beers, were appointed
a committee to report a plan of an institution. The com-
mittee's plan was submitted at a subsequent meeting, on
the 5th May, and approved. It was proposed to make the
academy a reorganization of the city schools, by fusing
them all in one. But the project was allowed to slumber
until, in January, 1813, the common council made an ap-
propriation for the establishment of a city academy, and a
meeting of citizens to confer upon the subject was called at
the Capitol, on the 28th of that month. At that meeting
Archibald Mclntyre was appointed chairman, and a com-
mittee of fourteen was chosen to devise a plan of the future
institution. The project of a male academy now began to
be agitated in good earnest. The board of common council
offered the lot in the public square which the Academy now
occupies, and also appropriated the amount that should be

200 Albany Academy,

received from the sale of the lot and materials of the old
jail which stood in the rear of the large building now occu-
pied by the State Normal School, and which it was antici-
pated would produce $12,000. In addition to this it was
thought necessary to raise $30,000 by private subscription,
to complete the requisite sum for erecting a suitable build-
ing and establishing a permanent income.

The institution was incorporated by the Regents of the
University, on the 4th of March in the same year, at the
instance of the corporation of the city, and appropriate grants
were made for its endowment. The trustees named in the
charter were Stephen Van Rensselaer, John Lansing, Archi-
bald Mclntyre, Smith Thompson, Abraham Van Vechten,
John V. Henry, Henry Walton, Rev. Messrs. William Neill,
John M. Bradford, John McDonald, Timothy Clowes, John
McJimpsey, Frederick G. Mayer, Samuel Mervin, and Mayor
and Recorder ex officio.

The building was commenced in 1815. On Saturday,
the 29th of July, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the corner
stone was laid by Philip S. Van Rensselncr The c^-^-^er
plate deposited on this occasion had the following inscrip-
tion : " Erected for an academy, anno 1815, by the corpora-
tion of the city of Albany; Philip S. Van Rensselaer,
mayor; John Van Ness Yates, recorder ; building commit-
tee, Philip S. Van Rensselaer, John Brinckerhoff. Chauncey
Humphrey, James Warren and Killian K. Van Rensselaer.
Seth Geer, architect, H. W. Snyder, sculpt.

The Academy was announced to open on the second
Monday (11th) of September, under Rev. Benjamin Allen,
of Union College, and Messrs. Neill, Beck and Sedgwick
were the committee to receive applications for admission.
The courses of instruction were temporarily commenced in
the large wooden building on the south-east corner of State
and Lodge streets, belonging to Killian K. Van Rensselaer,
which was burnt in 1847. The faculty under which the
Academy opened, consisted of Rev. Benjamin Allen, princi-
pal; Rev. Joseph Shaw, professor of languages; and Moses
Chapin (now Judge Chapin, of Oanandaigua), tutor.

The Academy was completed in 1817, and the school
opened in it on the 1st September. The courses of instruc-
tion have been regularly pursued to the present time, 1848.

School of mb, 201

In August, 1817, the trustees appointed Dr. Theodric
Romeyn Beck principal of the institution, which office he
resigned at the close of the summer term, in 1848, having
occupied with distinguished ability and universal satisfac-
tion a station which was far from being a sinecure, during
the long period of thirty-one years His resignation was
followed by that of the whole faculty, when the trustees,
deeming it expedient to reorganize the institution, chose a
new set of professors.

The Academy building which was commenced in 1815,
and completed in 1817, is constructed of free stone, from
near Newark, New Jersey, an excellent and durable build-
ing material ; and notwithstanding the length of time it has
stood, is still one of the most attractive edifices of the city.
It is situated on the north west corner of the public square,
on a line with the Capitol. The main building is 70 by 80
feet, and the wings 30 by 45 feet, three stories high, includ-
ing the basement. It commands a view down Steuben street,
having an extensive park in front, surrounded by a sub-
stantial iron fence, and planted with ornamental trees. The
cost of its erection was about $100,000.

SCHOOL OF 1785.

A school was opened in May by Elihu Goodrich and John
Ely. The classical term academy had not yet come into
use. The Latin and Greek languages were taught, and the
most useful branches of mathematics, as well as the element-
aries. It went on the high pressure principle — through hy
daylight. Hours of study from 6 to 8, 9 to 12, 2 to 5, and
6 to 8. The magisters seem to have been willing to bestow
at least time and diligence. Their terms were for Greek
and Latin, and mathematics, 20s.; writing and cyphering,
16s.; reading and spelling, 128. To all which singing
" by the latest and most approved method " was added for
12s.

202

Albany Female Academy.

ALBANY FEMALE ACADEMY.

This institution was founded in the year 1814, under the
designation of the Union School ; a name apparently s^ug-
gested by the circumstances attending its origin. A num-
ber of the most influential citizens, desirous to obtain for
their daughters the benefit of a superior education, united
for the purpose of securing the services of a competent
instructor, rented a suitable building in Montgomery street,
and appointed as principal Mr. Horace Goodrich. The
original subscription list, which, amid the loss of other
documents connected with the early history of the Academy,
has been preserved, is as follows :

" We, the undersigned, agree to send to Union School in
Montgomery street, under the tuition of Mr. Horace Good-
rich, the number of female scholars affixed to our names,
for the space of one year, from the first day of May next;
and we also agree to pay to Ebenezer Foot twenty-four
dollars for each scholar in four equal quarterly payments,

Albany Female Academy. 203

the first payment to be on tlie first of August next. Feb.
24, 1814.

John Ely, 1

Moses Allen, 2

James Scrymser, 1

Matthew Gill, 2

Uriah Marvin, 2

Thomas Gould, 1

Solomon Allen, 1

William Fowler, 1

Nicholas Bleecker, 1

Abram Van Vechten,... 1

Benjamin Knower, 1

T. & J.Russell, 4

Edward Brown, 1

G. Stewart, 1

Harmanus Ten Eyck,... 1

James Kent, 1

John V. Henry, 3

John Reid, 1

Isaac Hutton, 1

Asa H. Center, 1

Nathaniel Davis,

Arthur Roorback,

John Stearns,

It appears from this paper that Mr. Ebenezer Foot was
preeminently active in commencing the Academy, and so
far as an individual can claim an honor in which, however,
several probably to some extent, participated, he may be re-
garded as its founder. In a memoir of Mr. Foot, prepared
and published at the request of friends, by his brother Sa-
muel A. Foot, of Geneva, we find the following statement,
which evidently conveys no more than the truth on this mat-
ter. " One act of Mr. Foot's life should not be omitted or
forgotten wherever his name is mentioned. The present
Female Academy in Albany owes its existence mainly, if not
entirely, to him. It is now, and has been for some years,
one of the most valuable and useful institutions in the coun-
try. It was commenced in February, 1814, under the name
of the Union School, in Montgomery street. The original
subscription paper is now before the writer. It bears date
on the 24th day of that month. The subscriptions are pay-
able to Mr. Foot, and it is within the knowledge and recol-
lection of the writer that he started the project and obtained
most of the subscriptions. The principal motive of Mr. Foot,
no doubt, was to establish a good female school in his neigh-
borhood, to which he might send his daughter. If this was
his sole motive, it was a good one. But whatever the motive,
whether to qualify his own daughter, or those of his neigh-
bors and friends, for the duties of American ladies, or, more
expansive still, to elevate and adorn the female character,
and store the female mind with useful knowledge, his name

204 Albany Female Academy.

should be kindly remembered by every pupil who has enjoyed
or may enjoy the benefits of the institution, and by every
friend of female education."

During the first six years and upwards of the existence of
Union School, no records were kept of its proceedings, or if
kept, they have not been preserved ; but no doubt it continued
to increase, throughout this period, in numbers and reputa-
tion; for, in 1821, an act of incorporation was obtained from
the legislature. Theboardof directors named in the charter,
consisted of

James Kent, president,
Gideon Hawley,
Asa H. Center,
John y, Henry,
Teunis Van Vechten,

Peter Boyd,
Rev. John Chester,
Joseph Russell,
William Fowler.

Five of these, it will be seen, were among the original
subscribers, and thus had the satisfaction of seeing the en-
terprise which they began, consolidated and rising into fame.

In the same year, 1821, a more spacious building was
reared, still in Montgomery street, the first stone of which
was laid on the 16th June; and so rapidly did the school in-
crease, that in 1827 an additional building was required, and
erected accordingly. These edifices continued to be occupied
by the Academy till 1834, when its celebrity and numbers
became so great as to justify and demand the erection of the
splendid and commodious edifice where the classes now meet.
On the 12th of May, in that year, the new building was
opened, when an address was delivered by the president, Rev.
John Ludlow.

Letter from Mr. Booth on the Origin of the
Academy.

Having noticed in the Albany papers a slight inaccuracy
in regard to the age of the Albany Female Academy, I have
thought that a true history of the origin and early progress
of the school might be acceptable to the friends of that insti-
tution.

Ebenezer Foot, a lawyer of eminence, residing in Mont-
gomery street, Albany, was the prime mover in establishing
the school. He associated with him Chancellor Kent, John
V. Henry, Isaac Hutton, Thomas Gould, Dr. Stearns, Dr.

Albany JFemale Academy, ^05

Ely, Thomas and Joseph Russel, Asa TI. Center, Nathaniel
Davis, and others. They leased a lot in Montgomery street
north of the Third Presbyterian Church, and erected a cheap,
one-story building. They employed Horace Goodrich as
their first teacher, a graduate of Union College, son of Col.
Goodrich, of Milton, Saratoga county. He commenced the
school on the first of May, 1814. This is the origin of the
Albany Female Academy. Mr. Goodrich resigned his
situation at the end of the first year, and I was appointed
his successor. I commenced my labors the first of May,
1815 While Mr. Goodrich had charge, the school was
becoming popular, and applications for admission were made
which could not be accommodated. During my first year
in the school, the trustees added another story to the build-
ing, thus creating a second department in the school.
Thomas Osborn, a young Irishman, educated abroad, was
the first teacher in it. The second, Lucas Brodhead, a
graduate of Union. The third, Frederick Mathews, a
graduate of Harvard. About 1820, it was thought advisa-
ble to erect a larger and more permanent building. Accord-
ingly, a 7 per cent, stock was created, and I was called upon
to obtain subscriptions for it. The .plan was successful, the
money raised, and a three-story brick building was erected
sufficiently large to accommodate 120 pupils. This build-
ing was situated on the east side of Montgomery street, a
little north-east of the Delavan. While the means were
being raised for the erection of the building, an act of incor-
poration was obtained, with the title of The Albany Female
Academy, through the infiuence of the Hon. Charles E.
Dudley, then state senator. Having occupied the situation
of principal, with a slight interruption, until the spring of
1824, I then resigned it, and Mr. Mathews was appointed
my successor. But Mr. M. being of very slender constitu-
tion and delicate health, held the situation but a short time,
and Mr. Crittenton, now of Brooklyn, was appointed his
successor. The subsequent history of the institution is
familiar to the citizens of Albany.

Your obedient servant,

Lebbeus Booth.
Ballston Spa, Nov. 16th, 1859.

18

206

State Normal School,

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

This institution was established in 1844, by an act of the
legislature, for the instruction and practice of teachers of
common schools in the science of education and the art of
teaching. An annual appropriation of $10,000 was made
for its support, to be paid out of the literature fund. Each
county in the state is entitled to send to the school a number
of pupils, of either sex, equal to twice the number of mem-
bers it sends to the assembly, where they have the privilege
of remaining until they graduate, defraying all their own ex-
penses, except those of tuition and mileage. Females are
not admitted under 16 years of age, nor males under 18.
On entering the institution they are required to sign a pledge
to devote themselves to the business of teaching district
schools. The summer term commences on the first Monday
in May, and the winter term on the first Monday in Novem-
ber. The number of graduates during the four years since
its organization, is as follows: 1845, 34; 1846, 110; 1847,
110; 1848, 96; total, 350. The number of students dur-
ing the last term was 146 females, and 147 males ; total 293.

J

School Ajypropriation, etc, 207

Attached to the institution is an experimental school, the ob-
ject of which is to afford each normal pupil an opportunity
of practicing the methods of instruction and discipline incul-
cated at the school, as well as to ascertain his aptness to
teach, and to discharge the various other duties pertaining
to the teacher's responsible ofl5ce. The experimental school
has 70 pupils, between the ages of six and sixteen, 35 of
whom are free pupils. The edifice now occupied by the
school, No. 119 State street, was built by the Mohawk and
Hudson Rail Road Company, and used by that corpora-
tion several years as a depot for the passenger trains, until
the termination of the road was changed to Maiden Lane.
The common council contributes the rent of the building to-
wards the encouragement of the enterprise. In return for
which, the free seats in the experimental school are given to
fatherless children residing in the city of x\lbany. At the
last session of the legislature, an appropriation of $15,000
was made for the erection of a new edifice for the purposes of
a school, and the city appropriated the lot occupied by Engine
House No. 9, corner of Howard and Lodge streets. A spa-
cious and convenient building was in progress of erection,
when the first edition of this volume was printed, which was
made ready for occupation in the summer of 1849.

SCHOOL APPROPRIATION.

An act passed the legislature, 7th of April, 1795, appro-
priating £20,000 annually for the term of five years, for
the purpose of encouraging and maintaining schools in the
state. The proportion allotted to Albany county waa
£1,590, or $3,975; the law to go into operation on the 7th
April. It was a stride towards the free school system.

GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

Frederick Beasly, John B. Romeyn, and John M. Bradford,
clergymen in Albany, made proposals to the city in 1806, for
the establishment of a grammar school, "of such a nature
that it might be easily converted into an academy." The first
step required by the proposers was a fund of $10,000.

208 Traveling in New York in 1796.

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF TRAVELING IN NEW
YORK IN 1796.

[In 1795, Mr. Isaac Weld, Junior, viewing tlie frightful
progress of anarchy in Europe, was desirous of " ascertaining
whether in case of future emergency, any part of the United
States might be looked forward to as an eligible place of
abode." He accordingly made the tour of the United
States and Canada, and like a great many others that had
preceded him, found very little to his taste, and nothing to
give him the " slightest wish to revisit it." He could not
learn that the trees in the wilderness were any where more
than seven or eight feet in diameter ! nor was there much
of any thing on a sufficiently grand scale to meet his antici-
pations, except the musquitoes which he found at White-
hall. He arrived at New York in the summer of 1796,
and gives the following account of his approach to, vexa-
tions at, and departure from, Albany.]

Being anxious to proceed on our journey before the sea-
son was too far advanced, and also particularly desirous of
quitting New York on account of the fevers, which, it was
rumored, were increasing very fast, we took our passage for
Albany, in one of the sloops trading constantly on the
North river, between New York and that place, and em-
barked on the 2d day of July, about two o'clock in the
afternoon. Scarcely a breath of air was stirring at the time ;
but the tide carried us up at the rate of about two miles and
a half an hour. The sky remained all day as serene as
possible, and as the water was perfectly smooth, it reflected
in a most beautiful manner the images of the various objects
on the shore, and of the numerous vessels dispersed along
the river at different distances, and which seemed to glide
along, as it were, by the power of magic, for the sails all
hung down loose and motionless. The sun, setting in all
his glory, added fresh beauties to this calm and peaceable
scene, and permitted us for the last time to behold the
distant spires of New York, illumined by his parting rays.

Traveling in New York in 1796. 209

To describe all the grand and beautiful prospects presented
to the view on passing this noble river, would be an endless
task; all the various effects that can be supposed to arise
from a happy combination of wood and water, of hill and
dale, are here seen in the greatest perfection. After sunset,
a brisk wind sprang up, which carried us on at the rate of
six or seven miles an hour, for a considerable part of the
night; but for some hours we had to lie at anchor at a
place where the navigation of the river was too dif&cult to
proceed in the dark. Our sloop was no more than seventy
tons burthen by register ; but the accommodations she
afforded were most excellent, and far superior to what
might be expected on board so small a vessel ; the cabin
■was equally large with that in a common merchant vessel
of three hundred tons, built for crossing the ocean. This
was owing to the great breadth of her beam, which was no
less than twenty-two feet and a half, although her length
was only fifty-five feet. All the sloops engaged in this
trade, are built nearly on the same construction ; short,
broad, and very shallow, few of them draw more than five
or six feet of water, so that they are only calculated for
sailing upon smooth water. The highlands, as they are
called, extend along the river on each side for several miles.
The breadth of the river is here considerably contracted,
and such sudden gusts of wind, commencing from between
the mountains, sometimes blow through the narrow passes,
that vessels sometimes have their topmasts carried away.
The captain of the sloop we were in, said that his mainsail
was once blown into tatters in an instant, and a part of it
carried on shore. When the sky is lowering, they usually
take in sail going along this part of the river.

About four o'clock in the morning of the 4th of July,
we reached Albany, the place of our destination, one hun-
dred and sixty miles distant from New York. Albany is
a city, and contains about eleven hundred houses ; the num-
ber however is increasing fast, particularly since the removal
of the state government from New York. In the old part
of the town the streets are very narrow, and the houses are
frightful ; they are all built in the old Dutch taste, with
the gable end towards the street, and ornamented on the
top with large iron weathercocks ; but in that part which has

210 Traveling in New York in 1796.

been lately erected, the streets are commodious and many
of the houses are handsome. Great pains have been taken
to have the streets well paved and lighted. Here are four
places for public worship, and an hospital. Albany is in
summer time a very disagreeable place; it stands in a low
situation, just on the margin of the river, which runs very
slow here, and towards the evening often exhales clouds of
vapors ; immediately behind the town, likewise, is a large
sandbank, that prevents a free circulation of air, while at
the same time it powerfully reflects the rays of the sun,
which shines in full force upon it the whole day. Notwith-
standing all this, however, the climate is deemed very salu-
brious. The inhabitants of this place, a few years ago, were
almost entirely of Dutch extraction ; but now strangers are
flocking to it from all quarters, as there are few places in
America more advantageously situated for commerce. The
flourishing state of its trade has already been mentioned ;
it bids fair to rival that of New York in process of time.
The fourth of July, the day of our arrival at Albany, was
the anniversary of the declaration of American independ-
ence, and on our arrival we were told that great prepara-
tions were making for its celebration. A drum and trum-
pet, towards the middle of the day, gave notice of the
commencement of the rejoicings, and on walking to a hill
about a quarter of a mile from the town, we saw sixty
men drawu up, partly militia, partly volunteers, partly
infantry, partly cavalry ; the latter were clothed in scarlet,
and mounted on horses of various descriptions. About
three hundred spectators attended. A few rounds were
fired from a three pounder, and some volleys of small arms.
The firing was finished before one hour was expired, and
then the troops returned to town, a party of militia officers
in uniform marching in the rear, under the shade of um-
brellas, as the day was excessively hot. Having reached
town, the whole body immediately dispersed. The volun-
teers and militia officers afterwards dined together; and so
ended the rejoicings of the day; no public ball, no general
entertainment was there of any description. A day still
fresh in the memory of every American, and which appears
so glorious in the annals of their country, would, it might
be expected, have called forth more brilliant and more

Traveling in New York in 1796. 211

general rejoicings ', but the downright phlegmatic people in
this neighborhood, intent upon making money, and enjoying
the solid advantages of the revolution, are but little disposed
to waste their time in what they consider idle demonstra-
tions of joy.

We remained in Albany for a few days, and then set off
for Skenesborough, in Lake Champiain, in a carriage hired
for the purpose The hiring of this vehicle was a matter
attended with some trouble, and detained us longer in the
town than we wished to stay. There were only two carriages
to be had in the whole place, and the owners having an
understanding with each other, and thinking that we should
be forced to give whatever price they asked, positively re-
fused to let us have either of them for less than seventy dol-
lars, equal to fifteen guineas. We on our part as positively
refused to comply with a demand which we knew to be ex-
orbitant, and resolved to wait patiently in Albany for some
other conveyance, rather than submit to such an imposition.
The fellows held out for two days, but at the end of that
time, one of them came to tell us we might have his carriage
for half the price, and accordingly we took it. Early the
next morning we set off, and in about two hours arrived at
the small village of Cohoz, close to which is the remarkable
fall in the Mohawk river, about ten miles from Albany.

[Having alluded to the Whitehall mosquitoes, we give
the traveler the benefit of his record of them.]

Skenesborough is most dreadfully infested with mosqui-
toes; so many of them attacked us the first night of our
sleeping there, that when we arose in the morning our faces
and hands were covered all over with large pustules, pre-
cisely like those of a person in the small-pox. This hap-
pened too, notwithstanding that the people of the house,
before we went to bed, had taken all the pains possible to
clear the room of them, by fumigating it with the smoke of
green wood, and afterwards securing the windows with
gauze blinds; and even on the second night, although we
destroyed many dozens of them on the walls, after a similar
fumigation had been made, yet we suffered nearly as much.
These insects were of a much larger size than any I ever saw
elsewhere, and their bite was uncommonly venomous. Gen.
Washington told me, that he never was so much annoyed by

212 Lancaster School.

mosquitoes in any part of America, as in Skenesborough,
for they used to hite through the thickest hoot ! Mosquitoes
appear to be particularly fond of the fresh blood of Euro-
peans, who always suffer much more the first year of their
arrival in America than they do afterwards. The people of
the country seem quite to disregard their attacks. Wherever
they fix their sting, a little tumor or pustule usually arises,
supposed to be occasioned by the fermentation when mixed
with the blood, of a small quantity of liquor, which the
insect always injects into the wound it makes with its spicula,
as may be seen through a microscope, and which it probably
does to render the blood more fluid. The disagreeable itching
this excites, is most effectually allayed by the application of
volatile alkali ; or if the part newly stung be scratched, and
immediately bathed in cold water, that also affords considera-
ble relief; but after the venom has been lodged for any
time, scratching only increases the itching, and it may be
attended with great danger. Repeated instances have occur-
red of people having been laid up for months, and narrowly
escaping the loss of a limb, from imprudently rubbing a
part which had been bitten for a long time. Great ease is
also derived from opening the pustules on the second day
with a lancet, and letting out the blood and watery matter.

LANCASTER SCHOOL.

In August, 1810, the corporation had under consideration
the project of establishing a free school, on the plan of
Joseph Lancaster. As yet it is believed there were no pub-
lic schools in the city. The society of mechanics had a
number of years previously erected a building in Chapel
street, called Mechanics Hall, and maintained a school out
of their own funds, but it is presumed that its benefits were
chiefly confined to the children of mechanics.

Commission of John Abeel, 1694. 213

COMMISSION OF JOHN ABEEL, 1694.

[ I am indebted to A. Hejer Brown for the following copy
of an ancient commission in his possession. John Abeel
was the first mayor of Albany who was commissioned in this
way, Peter Schuyler, who preceded him, having been named
in the charter. In digging for the purpose of laying the
foundation of the iron railing which was placed in front of
the Middle Dutch Church a few years ago, the workmen ex-
humed the bones of many persons that had been interred
there, among them doubtless those of Mr. Abeel, as his tomb-
stone was thrown out with the others, and was afterwards
placed in the pavement of the side walk. This document is
written in a very bold old English character, and has the
original seal attached, which is a cake of wax about three
inches in diameter, and three-fourths of an inch in thickness,
stamped with the British arms. In copying it the original
orthography has been preserved.]

William & Mary by the Grace of Grod of England
Scotland France & Ireland King & Queen defenders of the
Faith &c To our loving subject John Abeel Esqr Greeting
Reposing special trust and confidence in your Loyalty pru-
dence and circumspection We do hereby nominate consti-
tute and appoint you to be Mayor of the city of Albany for
one year next ensuing y- fourteenth of October instant w^^
full power and authority to execute and perform all things
whatsoever belonging to said ofl&ce in as full and ample man-
ner as any former Mayor of the said city hath done or might
have lawfully done executed and performed To Hold Ex-
ercisse and enjoy the said oflfice of Mayor of the said city with
all things thereunto belonging and to have and receive all fees
Salarys profitts perquisites benefits advantages priviledges
immunities prehemmencys and appurtenances Whatsoever
to the said ofl&ce belonging or in way appurtaining during
the term aforesaid In Testimony whereof we have caused
the seal of our province of New York in America to be here-
unto afl&xed Witness Benjamin Fletcher our Capt General

214 Books in 1772.

and Governor in Chiefe of our Province of New York Pro-
vince of Pensilvania County of New Castle and the Terri-
torys and Tracts of Land depending thereon in America and
Vice Admiral of the same Our Lieut and Commander in chief
of the Militia & of all the forces by Sea & Land within our
Colony of Connecticut and of all the forts and places of
Strength within the same on this fourth day of October in
the sixth year of our Reign Anno Dom 1694

I>AviD Jamison P Secry

BOOKS IN 1772.

The literature vended at this day seems to have been
confined to a very limited number of books promiscuously
arranged in the catalogues of other goods. For instance,
John Heughan of Schenectady, advertises " Scotch Snuff,
Tobacco, Bibles^ Testaments, Spelling Books, Knives and
Forks, Writing Paper, Ink Powder, Quills, Razors," &c.
James Gourlay & Co. in Cheapside street, next door to
the king's arms, Albany, after a copious enumeration of
articles, arrive at " Penknives, Pins, Bibles, Testaments^
Spelling Books, Green and Bohea Tea, Cotton, Pepper,
Chocolate, Playing Cards, Shirt Buttons, Curtain Calicoes,
Ink Powder, Knee Garters," etc. Thomas Barry, near the
Dutch Church, had " Pins, None-so-pretty of different colors,
Testaments, Spelling Books, Histories, Black Breeches Pat-
terns," &c.

1785, under the head of dry goods, were advertised by
Thomas Barry " at his store near the Dutch Church," as
just imported from Europe and now opening.for sale. Bibles,
Testaments, Spelling Books, Primers, and Entick's Pocket
Dictionaries, Snuff, Tobacco boxes and fiddle strings, ratti-
netts and shalloons, best China and love ribbons, &c., &c.
At the same time Robinson & Hale advertise Bibles with
Psalms and Psalm books, Testaments and Spelling Books,
Primers and Pocket Dictionaries, Young Men's Companions
and Arithmetics, which are enumerated rather fantastically
with red China tea pots, and shoemaker's tools.

JBarloio's Prediction of the Erie Canal. 215

BARLOW'S PREDICTION OF THE ERIE CANAL.

The great American poem of Joel Barlow, although a
popular book in the last century, is probably unknown to a
great many of his countrymen; and few of his admirers,
perhaps, ever expected to see the Vision of Columbus quoted
in after years, to claim the fulfillment of a prediction. The
work was published in 1787, when that magnificent project,
the Erie Canal, if it had any other place than in the imagi-
nation of the poet, was probably regarded only as the
visionary chimera of an enthusiast. But the printed scheme
of the poet may have awakened the attention of some strong
mind to undertake the task of carrying out, what we now
behold in successful operation, and which was foreshadowed
in these words :

" He saw, as widely spreads the unchannell'd plain,
Where inland realms for ages bloom'd in vain.
Canals, long winding, ope a watery flight.
And distant streams, and seas, and lakes unite.

From fair Albania, to'w'rd the falling smi.
Back through the midland lengthening channels run.
Meet the far lakes, the beauteous towns that lave.
And Hudson joined to broad Ohio's wave."

It was thirty years after this was published, that the Erie
Canal was commenced, and more than forty before the
opening of the Ohio Canal. In 1807, the Vision of ( olum-
hus was metamorpliosed into The Columhiad. In the mean-
time Philip Schuyler and his coadjutors had succeeded in
connecting the Hudson with the lakes, by short canals and
locks around the falls of the Mohawk, into Wood creek,
which is thus alluded to by the poet :

" From Moliawk's mouth, far westing with the sun,
Thro all the midlands recent channels riin,
Tap the redundant lakes, tlie broad hills brave.
And Hudson marry with Missouri's wave.
From dim Superior, whose uncounted sails
Shade his full seas and bosom all his gales.
New paths unfolding seek Mackenzie's tide.
And towns and empires rise along their side."

CLOSING AND OPENING OF THE RIVER, 1785 to 1849.
From the Annual Report of the Regents of the University.

Winters.

River close'd or
ob. with ice.

River open or
Iree of ice.

Days
closed

Remarks.

1785-86

March 23, 1786

Eight times in the last

1789-90

Feb.

3,

1790

March 27, 1790

52

65 years has the Hudson

1793-91

Dec.

8,

1790

March 17, 1791

99

closed before the 1st De-

1791-92

Dec.

8,

1791

cember ; nine times

1792-93

Dec

12,

1792

March 6, 1793

M

vv^ithin the same space

179.3-94

Dec.

26,

1793

March 17, 1794

81

the river was open till

1794-95

Jan.

12,

1794

the first and second

1795-96

Jan.

23,

1795

weeks in January, and

1796-97

Nov.

28,

1796

once till 3d February.

1797-98

Nov.

26,

1797

In the majority of cases

1798-99

Nov.

23,

1798

the navigation . closed

1799-18

Jan.

6,

1800

between the 7th and

1800-01

Jan.

3,

1801

20th December. In fif-

1801-02

Feb.

3,

1802

teen of the sixty-five

1802-03

Dec.

16.

1802

years, the river remain-

1803-04

Jan.

12,

1804

April 6, 1804

84

ed closed for more than

1804-05

Dec.

13;

1804

one hundred days, and

1805-06

Jan.

9,

1806

Feb. 20, 1806

42

in 1843, 136 days — the

1806-07

Dec.

11,

1807

April 8, 1807

121

longest on record. The

1807-08

Jan.

4,

1808

March 10, 1808

65

years 1741, 1766, 1780,

1808-09

Dec.

9,

1808

and 1821 are the only

1809-10

Jan.

19;

1810

ones in a century, in

1810-11

Dec.

14,

1810

which the river has

1811-12

Dec.

20,

1811

closed over below

1812-13

Dec.

21,

1812

March 12, 1813

83

Powle's Hook, so as to

1813-14

Dec.

22,

1813

be crossed on the ice.

1814-15

Dec.

10,

1814

In 1842 the river opened

1815-16

Dec.

2,

1815

on the 8th January, and

1816-17

Dec.

16,

1816

April 3, 1817

122

was not closed again

1817-18

Dec.

'7,

1817

March 25, 1818

108

during the winter. In

1818-19

Dec.

14,

1818

April .3, 1819

110

the year 1806, it will be

1819-20

Dec.

13,

1819

March 25. 1820

102

seen, the navigation

1820-21

INov.

13,

1820

March 15, 1821

123

was obstructed only 42

1821-22

Dec.

13,

1821

March 15, 1822

92

days; and the average

1822-23

Dec.

24,

1822

March 24, 1823

90

during the whole 65

1823-24

Dec.

16,

1823

March 3, 1824

78

years is less than 90

1824-25

Jan.

5,

1825

March 6, 1825

60

days.

1825-26

Dec.

13,

1825

Feb. 26, 1826

75

1826-27

Dec.

24,

1826

March 20, 1827

86

1827-28

Nov.

25.

1827

Feb. 8, 1828

50

1828-29

Dec.

23,

1828

April 1, 1829

100

Time of Opening.

1829-30

Jan.

11,

1830

March 15, 18.30

63

1830-31

Dec.

23,

18.30

March 15, 1831

82

1850, March 10

1831-32

Dec.

5.

1831

March 25, 18.32

111

1851, February 25

1832-33

Dec.

21,

18.32

March 21, 1833

83

1852, March 28

1833-34

Dec.

13,

18.33

Feb. 24, 1834

73

1853, March 28

1834-35

Dec.

16,

1834

March 25, 1835

100

1854, March 17

18-^5-36

Nov.

30,

1835

April 4, 18.36

125

1855, March 27

1836-37

Dec.

T,

1836

March 28, 1837

111

1856, April 10

1837-38

Dec.

13,

18.37

March 19, 1838

94

1857, March 18

1838-39

Nov.

25,

1838

March 21, 18.39

116

1858, March 19

18.39-40

Dec.

18,

1839

Feb. 21, 1840

65

1859, March 3

1840-41

Dec.

5,

1840

March 24, 1841

109

1860, March 6

1841-42

Dec.

19,

1841

Feb. 4, 1842

47

1861, March 6

1842-43

Nov.

29,

1842

April 13, 1843

1.36

1862, April 3

1&4.3-44

Dec.

9,

1&43

March 14. 1S44

95

1863, April 2

1844^5

Dec.

11,

1844

Feb. 24, 1845

74

1864, March 12

1845-46

Dec.

4,

1845

March 15, ia46

100

1865, March 14

1846^7

Dec.

15,

1846

April 6, 1847

112

1866, March 11

1847-48

Dec.

24,

1847

March 22, 1848

89

1867, March 24

1848-49

Dec.

27,

1848

March 19, 1849

82

1868, March 17

Closing of the Hudson Eiver. 217

Notes.

1817-18. This winter was long and intensely cold. On
the third of March, 1818, the ice moved in a body down-
wards for some distance, and there remained stationary.
The river was not cleared until March 25th.

1820-21, The river closed on the 13th, opened on the
20th, and finally closed December 1. This was one of the
four winters during a centui-y in which the Hudson, between
Powles' Hook and New York, was crossed on the ice ; the
other three being 1740, '41, 1765, '66, and 1779, '80.

Jan. 12, 1824. The river was clear of ice and remained
so for several days.

1827-28. The river opened and closed repeatedly during
this winter. Dec. 21, it closed a second time.

1830-31. Opened in consequence of heavy rains, and
closed again on the 10th January, 1831.

1832-33. Opened again January 3 ; closed again Janu-
ary 11.

1834-35. March 17. River opened opposite to the city.
March 18, Steamboat John Jay came to Van Wie's Point;
ice at the overslaugh.

1847-48. Dec. 24. River closed. Dec. 31. River opened.

As the river throughout to New York, has not always been
clear of ice on the days stated above, the time at which the
first steamboat passed from New York to Albany, or vice
versa ^ is also added for a few years.

1835, March 25.

1836, April 10.

1837, March 31, Robert L. Stevens.

1838, March 19, Utica.

1839, March 25, Swallow.

1840, February 25, Mount Pleasant.

1841, March 26, Utica.

1841, February 6, Telegraph. In consequence of heavy
rains, the river opened in front of the city of Albany on the
8th of January, and can hardly be said to have closed again
during the season. The ice, however, continued piled up
some miles below, at and about Beeren island, near Schodack
Landing, and thus rendered the channel impassable. Cold

19

21 8 Centennial Anniversary.

weather followed about the middle of February, and 'again
obstructed the navigation. A steamboat arrived on the 1st
of March, 1842.

1843, April 13, Utica.

1844, March 18, 11 A. m., Utica.

1845, February 24, steamboat Norwich at 1 A. M., from
New York. Left that city on the 22d, at 8 P. M. River
full of ice from West Point upwards. Ice opposite Albany,
stationary, except a small portion that broke away yesterday
opposite Lydius street.

1846, March 18, steamboat Columbia and Oneida arrived.

1847, April 7, steamboat Columbia.

1848, March 22, steamboat Admiral.

1849, March 18, steamboat Columbia.

CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY.

On Saturday, the 22d day of July, 1786, the corporation
and citizens of Albany celebrated the Centennial Anniver-
sary of the charter of the city. " At 11 o'clock the corpo-
ration convened in the council chamber, at the City Hall,
where they were joined by a great number of citizens; when
the bells of the several churches began to ring, they marched
in procession westward of the city, where a number of toasts
were drank, under the discharge of cannon from the Fort.''

The order of procession was as follows: 1, The Sheriff; 2,
Under Sheriff; 3, Constables; 4, Mayor; 5, Recorder; 6,
Aldermen; 7, Assistants; 8, Clerk and Chamberlain; 9, City
Marshall ; 10, The Ministers, Elders and Deacons of the
Dutch, Lutheran, Episcopal, Presbyterian and ♦German
Churches; 11, Fire and Engine Companies; 12, Members of
the Legislature, Judges, Justices, and Counsellors at Law;
13, Officers of the Army and Militia; 14, Citizens at large.
In addition to the above, we are told that " the countenances
of the inhabitants bespoke great satisfaction on the occasion.^'

Incidents of a Northern Winter, 219

INCIDENTS OF A NORTHERN WINTER.

\_From the Albany Argus.']

1848, January 1. Weather mild and rainy. Lake Cham-
plain clear of ice.

January 2. Steamboats Norwich and Columbia arrived
from New York.

January 7. Weather cold and fine. Thermometer marked 4
degrees above zero. Columbia left for New York at 1 o'clock,
last boat.

January 9. Snow 6 to 8 inches deep. Steamboat landed
mail at New Baltimore.

January 10. Thermometer marked zero at 7 o'clock, A.M.

January 11. Thermometers at Albany, 17 to 18 below
zero. At Amsterdam, 36 below. Rochester, 8 below Troy,
16 below. New York and Brooklyn, 3 above. Boston, 10
below. Fryburgh, Me., 36 to 39 below. Franconia, N. H.,
45 below. The steamboat Columbia, which left New York
the night before, was compelled to return after running up
the river 30 miles.

January 14 and 15. A general thaw. Weather continued
to be warm the rest of the month.

February 1. Four to six inches of snow fell.

February 2. Weather warm again.

February 4. The steamboat Columbia came within two
miles of Albany.

February 5. Snow fell to a considerable depth.

February 6. Snowed most of the day. Steamboat came to
Coeymans.

February 9. Thermometer at zero. Hudson closed to New-
burgh.

February 11. Thermometer at zero.

February 12. Floating ice in New York harbor, for the first
time this winter.

February 19. Blue birds seen atBloomingdale, New York

February 20. Heavy rain storm from the south.

•220 Cold Days in the Last Century.

February 23. Steam ferry boat Boston, crossed to East
Albany,

February 24. Weatber very cold again ; thermometer five
degrees above zero.

February 28. River open to Hudson.

March 3. Snow storm all day.

March 9. About a foot of snow fell during the night.

March 12. Thermometer 10 degrees below zero.

March 15. Thermometer at zero at 7 A. M. At Schenec-
tady seven below.

March 16 and 17. Thermometer at zero.

March 18. Thermometer 23 degrees above zero.

March 21. Steamboat Columbia at Van Wie's Point.

March 22. Ice passed out of the river. Steamboat Ad-
miral arrived at Albany.

COLD DAYS IN THE LAST CENTURY.

On the first of February, 1789, the thermometer at noon
indicated 18° above zero, and on the following morning at
6 o'clock was 24° below, being 6° colder than had been ever
known in the city. This memorandum was taken from the
weather book keptatthe museum opposite Denniston's tavern
in Green street.

On the 3d Nov. of the same year a snow storm began at
10 in the morning and continued through the day, the
weather being remarkably cold, and having every appear-
ance of the setting in of winter, a circumstance not before
recollected by any of the inhabitants.

On the 9th Dec, 1790, the thermometer indicated 10°
below 0, and the weather was pronounced colder for the
season than had ever been known before in this city.

Hudson River. 221

HUDSON RIVER

This river bears the name of one of the early navigators,
who united invincible fortitude to unwearied assiduity, and
who is identified with its history. " This noble river was first
discovered by Henry Hudson, in 1609, while in the employ of
the Dutch East India Company. By some it is believed that
he sailed up that river as far as the present site of the city of
Albany, in a small vessel called the Half Moon ; but, it is
doubtful if any visions of futurity presented to his mind the
present importance and celebrity of this beautiful stream,
bearing his own name." It rises from numerous sources in
the Adirondack mountain region of Essex and Hamilton
counties, west of Lakes George and Champlain. Its prin-
pal head branches are the Adirondack river, Boreas river,
Indian river, Schroon river and the Sacandaga river ; the
Hoosick river flows into it from the east in the county of Rens-
selaer, and the Mohawk empties into it between the counties
of Albany and Saratoga ; from this point it is navigable to
its mouth, a distance of 160 miles. Its whole length is 320
miles; the tide flowing up for about half that distance. On
the upper part of this river, justly celebrated for its varied
and romantic beauties, are several picturesque falls, of which
Baker's falls and Glen's falls are the most noted. The re-
gion of country where it takes its rise, was but little known
until of late. In 1836, the state geologists, under an act to
provide for a geological survey of the state of New York,
commenced their operations ; since then this vast wilderness
has been fully explored, new localities discovered, and new
names given ; thus furnishing a great mass of information in
regard to the sources of this river, and the mountain region
from whence it takes its rise. Here are mountain peaks of
Alpine appearance, containing vast deposits of iron ore and
other minerals, well worthy a visit by the scientific admirers
of wild and romantic scenery. In the head waters of the
Hudson, are to be found trout, and other fish of fine flavor,
in great abundance; and in its tide waters are taken annu-

222 Hudson River,

ally large quantities of shad, herring, bass, sturgeon and
many other kinds of fish. From its mouth to the city of
Hudson, a distance of 116 miles, it is navigable for ships of
a large burthen, and to Albany and Troy for steam boats of
a large class. When we reflect that this important river re-
ceives the tributary waters of the great western and northern
lakes, by means of the Erie and Champlain canals, and then
commingles with the Atlantic ocean, after passing the High-
lands, the Palisades, and through the secure and spacious bay
of New York, well may we give it the appellation of the
NOBLE Hudson. — DistumelVs Gazetteer.

The combined action of the tides, arriving in the Hudson
by East river and the Narrows, at different periods, carries
the swell upward at the rate of 15 to near 25 miles an hour;
and this circumstance clearly evinces a high superiority of
oceanic influence in the Hudson. Swift sailing vessels, leav-
ing New York at young flood, have repeatedly run through
to Albany with the same flood tide. The time of high water
is the same at Pollopell island, at the northern limit of the
Highlands, as at New York ; at Albany it is 3 hours 30 min-
utes later, where the common tides are little more than one
foot. The passage of this river through the Highlands,
without any impediment to its navigation, save that of a
crooked though deep, and in some places a narrow channel,
is a singular fact in geography, and it affords a pleasing diver-
sity? of scenery. The Highlands are about sixteen miles
wide, and their hills and mountains present many features of
vast sublimity. The water is but seldom salt or brackish at
Poughkeepsie, and water casks are often filled below the
Highlands. Much has been said about extending sloop navi-
gation upward, on this river, above where nature has placed
its limit, and immense sums of money have been expended,
to little purpose. Few rivers roll down so much alluvial
matter as the Hudson, say between Waterford and the head
of ship navigation, and this alluvion increases with the open-
ing of the land adjoining, and the decrease of the waters in
the Hudson. While the Batten kill, Hoosac river, and the
Mohawk, pour in their alluvion, it will be a very hard mat-
ter to make the navigation better than nature has made it.
We may remove a sand-bar in one place, at the expense of
obstructions in some other place, but all this alluvial mat-

Opening and Closing of the Canxil^ etc, 223

ter will rest somewhere. The quantity is increasing and
will increase, till a different plan is adopted, which shall
carry this alluvion farther down the river. This may be done
by throwing in all the water of the Mohawk at Waterford,
connecting the islands by piers or moles, so as to make as
straight and narrow a channel as may be, and a strong cur-
rent, to the deep tide waters below. — Spafford^s Gazetteer.

OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE CANAL FROM 1824
TO 1849 INCLUSIVE.

The following table shows the days of opening and closing
of the canal during twenty-five years.

No.

No.

Year.

Opened.

Closed.

days.

Year.

Opened.

Closed.

days.

1824.

AprH 30

Dec.

4

219

1837.

April 20

Dec. 9

234

1825.

" 12

5

238

1838.

" 12

Nov. 25

228

1826.

. " 20

18

213

1839.

. " 20

Dec. 16

228

1827.

. " 23

18

241

1840.

. " 20

" 3

227

1828.

. Mar. 27

20

269

1841.

. " 26

Nov. 29

218

1829.

. May 2

17

230

1842.

. " 20

" 23

281

1830.

. AprQ 20

17

242

1843.

. May 1

Dec. 1

214

1831.

. " 16

1

230

1844.

. April 18

Nov. 26

223

1832.

. " 25

21

241

1845.

. " 15

" 29

228

1833.

. " 10

12

238

1846.

. " 16

" 25

224

1834.

. " 17

12

240

1847.

. May 1

Dec. 21

234

1835.

. " 15

Nov. 30

230

1848.

. " 1

" 9

223

1836.

. " 25

((

26

216

1849.

. " 1

" 5

219

IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT.

The prisoners confined for debt in the City Hall, which
was the jail also, celebrated the 5th July, 1790 (the 4th be-
ing Sunday.) There was an allusion to the 15th year of
American independence^ and their confinement for debt. Their
fifth toast was : " May the time come when no honestman shall
be confined for debt." The time did arrive, in less then half
a century, when not even the dishonest man was confined for
debt.

224 Births, Marriages and Deaths, 1848.

BIBTHS, MARRIAGES AKD DEATHS, 1848.

Abstract made from the returns of marriages, births and
deaths which took place in the city of Albany during the
year 1848:

Marriages. — Whole number of marriages returned, 629
do in which both parties resided in the city, 226 ; do one of
the parties, 298 ; do both parties resided out of the city
105; do the parties resided in Massachusetts, 29; Connect!
cut, 5; Rhode Island, 2; and other states, 6.

The marriages took place in the several months as follows
January 34, February 38, March 21, April 45, May 57
June 47, July 51, August 61, September 73, October 80
November 63, December 59.

Married in St. John's church, 104; do St. Joseph's, 71
do St. Mary's, 69; total 244.

Births. — Whole number of births returned, 1,325; males
448, females 350, sex not stated 502; males (colored) 9,
females do 9, sex net stated do 7 ; 44 twin children, of
which 22 are males and 10 females, and 12 the sex not given.

The births occurred in the several months as follows :
January 97, February 70, March 108, April 85, May 92,
June 87, July 117, August 120, September 103, October
116, November 98, December 130, unknown 102.

Deaths. — The number of deaths returned for 1848 is 1218;
males 645, females 488, males (colored) 2, do females 3, sex
not stated 80, married 206, unmarried 726, not stated 286,
native born 815, foreigners 403.

Deaths in the several months as follows : January 126,
February 99, March 121, April 89, May 90, June 72, July
136, August 145, September 104, October 91, November 69,
December 76; total, 1,218.

Diseases. — 151 died of consumption, 59 of diarrhoea, 29 of
congestion of the brain, 26 of croup, 24 by accident, 20 of
scarlet fever, 21 of teething, 13 of typhus fever, 13 of whoop-
ing cough, 252 other diseases, 601 disease not stated.

Ferry Rates 1784. 225

Number of those who died — Number of those who died —

unde:
over

IT the age

ofl

year is

232

over 50

y'rs

and under 55,

40

1 year and under 5,

319

55

«

60,

23

5 "

10,

66

60

((

65,

26

10 "

15,

31

65

((

70,

17

15 "

20,

27

70

K

75,

19

20 "

25,

62

75

it

80,

9

25 "

30,

59

80

<t

85,

14

30 "

35,

59

85

«

90,

7

35 "

40,

60

90

(i

95,

3

40 "

45,

51

95

((

100,

1

45 "

50,

38

age

not

given.

55

Average age of the persons dying, 20 years and 20 days.

FERRY RATES 1784.

The city ordinance regulating the Ferry rates, was as fol-
lows :

For transporting every person across, except a suck-
ing child, 2 coppers.

For every man, ox, horse or cow, 9 pence.

do. live sheep or lamb, 3 do.

do. dead do, 2 do.

do. barrel of rum, sugar, molasses, or other full

do, 6 do.

do. pail of butter, 1 do.

do. firkin or tub of butter, 2 do.

do. wagon and two horses, 3 shillings.

do. full chest or trunk, 6 pence.

do. empty do, 5 coppers.

do. skipple [3 pecks] of wheat or other grain,. . 1 do.

do. cwt. of lead, pewter or other metal, 4 do.

do. chaise or chair and horse, 15 pence.

do. saddle without a horse, 2 coppers.

do. dozen pair of shoes or boots, 2 do.

do. do. steel traps, 6 do.

And all other articles and things not enumerated, in the same
proportion to the rates above specified.

These rates were doubled after sunset until sunrise ; and
it was enjoined upon the ferry master to keep at least two
boats and a scow, two of which should be constantly manned
by four able hands.

226 An Albany Merchant's Stock in 1790.

AN ALBANY MERCHANT'S STOCK IN 1790.

The following is an exact copy of the advertisement of an
eminent merchant doing business in this city in the latter
part of the last century.

It will be seen how many articles of that day have becoine
obsolete, or changed their names.

Kobert M'Clallen,

No 10 State Street, north-west corner of Green Street, Albany,

Has lately imported in the Goliah, Capt. Jones, from London, a
large and general assortment of GOODS, suitable for the present
season, which he will dispose of, wholesale and retail, at a very low
advance, viz :

Brown, blue and striped cam-

blets ;
Irish Linens ;
A variety of purple and chintz

shawls ;
Dark blue and spotted cotton

handkerchiefs ;
Chintzes and calicoes ;
Black fring'd Handkerchiefs ;
Men's and boy's castor and felt

hats ;
Plated shoe and knee buckles ;
Common brass and steel do.
Bar lead ;

Duck and pigeon shot ;
Gun powder ;
London pewter ;
Dutch tea-pots ;

With a variety of other arti-
cles.

Also, a constant supply of
Liquors and Groceries ;

Swede's iron ; Crawley & blis-

ter'd steel ;
Common rum ;
Window glass, 6 by 8, 7 by 9,

8 by 10.

Pots and pearl ashes, staves,
and other kinds of country pro-
duce taken in payment.

SUPERFINE, second and
coarse cloths with trimmings
suitable ; Drab, mix'd and blue
Yorkshire Plains ;

Black satinetts and lastings ;

Green, blue and drab Halfthicks';

Scarlet cloaking with Trim-
mings;

Mixt, blue and claret twill'd coat-
ings ;

Claret, red and mix'd plain do.

2, 2^ and 3 point blankets ;

Striped do.

Men's ribb'd and plain white and
black worsted hose ;

Ditto, striped, silk and cotton do.

Blue, yellow, green, red & white
flannels ;

Green, red and blue broad baize ;

Drab, blue, mixt and green sin-
gle-folded naps ;

Imperial and basket buttons ;

Fashionable and common coat
and vest buttons ;

Velvet and worsted toilonette
vest patterns ;

Purple and garnet wildbores ;

Plain and twill'd olive velvets ;

Corduroys and superfine thick-
setts ;

Durants, Calimancoes and mo-
reens :

An Albany Merchant's Stock in 1790. 227

Besides those enumerated in this advertisement, other
merchants mention the following articles, equally curious for
their names :

Tammies,

Persians and Pelongs,

Osnabrigs,

Women's sliammy gloves and

mits,
Cruel of all colors.
None-so-pretty-do. ,
Plain and spotted Swanskin,
Faggot trimming.
Blue sagatha,
Bandanoe,
Lungee Romals,
Culgee,
Setetersoy,
Denmark fancy,
Pullicat silk,
Croncard muslin.

CD

Black Swanskin,

Camlets and Camletees,

Bed bunts,

Dowlass and Woolen checks

Leather breeclies.

Black everlastings.

Silk Damascus and Lorettas,

Ticklenburglis,

Moseens,

Buff and White Royal Rib, ex-
cellent for Breeches and Jack-
ets,

Buff and olive Cotton Denim,

Swandown Counterpanes,

Drab Forest cloth.

Printed Velvets.

In a lecture delivered years ago, by the Hon. Mr. Sturges
of Boston, on trade and finances, he referred to the singular
changes of the fashions. Nankeens, said he, were once im-
ported in large quantities. As late as 1820 there were one
million of dollars worth imported — now there is none. In
1806, Canton crape was first used; in 1810, ten cases were
imported — in 1816, there were 21,000 pieces; in 1826, the
importations amounted to a million and a half of dollars;
and in 1842 the article was not imported ! Yet the country
has lost nothing by the caprice of fashion, as our country
women appear as lovely in ninepenny Lowell calico, as in
Canton crape.

Silk was once imported in large quantities from China ; a
cargo of near a million dollars worth was once landed in this
country, and now the whole yearly importations from China
amount to less than $100,000. Great changes have also
taken place in regard to the pay of our Chinese importations.
In 1818, $7,000,000 in specie were carried to China, but
now our purchases are paid for in bills of exchange on Eng-
land, from the proceeds of the opium trade. The fur trade
was commenced in 1787, and in 1808 there were fifteen
Americans engaged in it, and now it has ceased altogether.

228 Adoption of the Federal Constitution,

CELEBRATION OF THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL
CONSTITUTION, 1788.

The delegates nominated by the two parties for the conven-
tion to decide on the adoption of the federal constitution were
the following:

FEDERAL.

Abraham Ten Broeck,
Jacob Cuyler,
Francis Nicoll,
Jeronemus Hoogland,
Peter Gansevoort, jr.,
James Grordon,
John W. Schermerhorn,

ANTI-FEDERAL.

Robert Yates,
John Lansing, jr.,
Henry Oothoudt,
Peter Vrooman,
Israel Thompson,
Anthony Ten Eyck,
Dirk Swart.

By the returns from the counties of Albany, Montgomery,
Washington, Columbia, Dutchess, Ulster, and Orange, 37
anti-federal candidates were elected to the convention for
considering the United States Constitution. The counties
of New York, Westchester, Kings, and Richmond gave 19
federal. The Counties of Queens sending 9, was divided.
The whole number of delegates sent was 67. In New York
the vote was decidedly federal; some of the opposite candi-
dates receiving only thirty votes and the highest, which was
given for Gov. Clinton, being but 134. The following is
the canvass of the votes for the federal delegates, and will
show the strength of the electors in that city, at that period.

FEDERAL.

John Jay, 2735

Richard Morris, 2716

John SlossHobart, 2713

Alex. Hamilton,. 2713

Robt. R. Livingston,... 2712

Isaac Rosevelt, 2701

James Duane, 2680

Richard Harrison, 2677

Nicholas Low, 2651

ANTI-FEDERAL.

Gov. Clinton, 134

Col. Willett, 108

William Denning, 102

The remainder each about 30

r

Adoption of the Federal Constitution. 229

The convention came to a decision on the 26tb July, 1788,
yeas 30, nays 17 ; by which New York adopted the Consti-
tution, being the 11th on the catalogue.

When the vote was taken in congress 11 states were repre-
sented; the two members from Rhode Island were excused
from voting, and of the 22 members remaining there was but
one dissenting voice, which was that of Mr. Yates, member
from New York — the other New York member, Mr. L'-
Hommedieu, voting ic the affirmative.

The city of Albany, not to be behind her sister cities in
patriotic display, set apart the 8th of August as a day of
public rejoicings, to celebrate the ratification of the consti-
tution of the United States by the convention of the state
of New York, xllmost every trade and profession seems to
have united in the jubilee, with appropriate emblems, and
formed a truly imposing procession, notwithstanding the
preponderance of the anti-federal party at the polls. A page
of the Gazette of August 28, is occupied with the proceed-
ings, as follows:

Account of the Rejoicings in the city of Albany, on Friday, August
8, 1788, on celebrating the Ratification of the Constitution for the
Oomrnment of the United States, by the Convention of the State
of New York. .

At sunrise, a gun was fired to announce the day.

At 10 o'clock, A. M., 11 guns were fired for the citizens
to assemble in the fields near Watervliet.

At lOj o'clock one gun for forming the procession.

At 11, the procession was formed, when the whole line on
the march saluted the Constitution.

Immediately after the salute, the procession moved, in the
following order :

The Albany troop of Light Horse, in full uniform, com-
manded by Captain Gransevoort.

Music.

The Constitution, neatly engrossed on parchment, sus-
pended' on a decorated staff, and borne by Major-General
Schuyler, on horseback.

Standard of the United States, carried by Colonel John
A. Wendell.

20

230 Adoption of the Federal Constitution.

Eleven ancient citizens, each representing a state that had
ratified the Constitution, bearing a scroll of parchment, with
the name of the state endorsed in capitals.

Axemen: ornamented with garlands of laurels.

An elegant plough, guided by Stephen Van Rensselaer, Esq.

Sowers : John Cuyler, Esq., and Capt. Jacob Lansing.

A neat l.arrow, guided by Francis Nicoll, Esq.

Farmers : neatly dressed, with various implements of hus-
bandry.

Farmers' Flag : Green silk — a sheaf of wheat. Motto —
God speed the plough.

Brewers : preceded by a dray carrying a butt.

Carpenters : preceded by a carriage drawn by two horses,
on which was erected a workshop 14 feet by 7; highly deco-
rated. The flag of crimson silk, with a coat of arms. Motto —
We unite.

Gold and Silversmiths : preceded by a carriage bearing
a Gold and Silversmith's shop, 12 feet by 7 — covered with a
canopy supported by pillars 7 feet high. All the implements
of art in the shop, and three artists and an apprentice indus-
triously employed. Flag, blue silk with a coat of arms.

Boat Builders : with their tools decorated.

Tinmen and Pewterers : with implements of their craft
ornamented.

Block and Pumpmakers : with their tools ornamented.

Blacksmiths : A carriage, drawn by six horses, support-
ing a blacksmith's shop 14 feet by 8, containing a forge, bel-
lows, and all the apparatus of the trade, one sledge man, two
vice men, one clink, all at work ] who made and completed
during the procession, a set of plough-irons, a set of scythe
mountings, two axes, and shoes for three horses, and followed
by master workmen. The ^ag^ b^ack silk with coat of arms.
Motto —

With hammer in hand,
All arts do stand.

Clock and Watchmakers : An apprentice bearing an
embellished eight-day time piece.

Sail Makers.

Barbers : handsomely dressed, bearing implements of
their craft, decorated. Flag, white silk and coat of arms.
Motto — Honor and Honesty.

Adoption of the Federal Constitution. 23t '

Bakers : properly dressed, bearing implements of their
art, decorated — an escutcheon, a loaf ornamented.

Nailers : each wearing a clean white apron, preceded by
a carriage drawn by four horses, supporting a nailer's shop,
11 by 9 — nailers at work. Flag blue silk, coat of arms.
Motto —

With hammer and heart.
We'll support our part.

Clothiers.

Tobacconists : dressed in white frocks, each carrying a
hand of tobacco decorated with ribands.

Carmen : In proper dress, preceded by a horse and cart
carrying a hogshead marked No. 11. Flag white silk, and
coat of arms. Motto — We hope to rest in God.

Ship Joiners and Shipwrights : With implements of
their art ornamented.

Riggers.

Hatters : With decorated tools, preceded by a flag, car-
ried by Mr. Solomon Allen. Coat of arms. Motto — Success
to American Manufactures.

Inspectors of Flour.

Millers, in proper dress.

Weavers : Bearing shuttles decorated. Flag, purple
silk, with coat of arms. Motto — Weave truth loitJi trust.

Printers : Preceded by apprentices, decorated with blue
sashes, carrying yolumes of newspapers. A white silk flag
carried by Charles R. Webster -, in an escutcheon the Bible,
the Constitution, Sept., 1787, Ratification of the State of
New York, July 26, 1788. On a wreath a hand holding a
composing stick, proper.^ Motto — Our freedom is secured.

Mr Webster, and Stoddard' and Babcock"-, apprentices,
decorated with blue sashes, carrying quires of paper, &c.

Painters and Glaziers.

Tailors : Ornamented with yellow sashes and cockades,
wearing green aprons, preceded by Messrs. Henry and Gib-
son. A flag of green silk, with a coat of arms Motto —
Concordia parva res crescunt.

Coach Makers : Preceded by a flag of blue silk and coat
of arms. Motto — Post nuhila Phoebus; followed by a car-

^ Printer in Hudson. ' Printer in Lansingburgh,

232 Adoption of the Federal Constitution,

riage drawn by four horses, on which was erected a large
workshop, handsomely decorated, with several men at work,
who framed a coach and put several wheels together.

Turners : properly dressed, preceded by a flag of pink
colored silk, with a coat of arms. Motto —

We turn to serve the common weal,
And drive the trade with skill and zeal.

Masons and Bricklayers : In their proper dress, carry-
ing the implements of their trade ornamented. Flag — blue
silk with coat of arms.

Saddlers and Harness Makers : With implements of
their craft. A flag of blue silk with coat of arms. Motto —
Our trust is in God.

Tanners and Curriers : Carrying the implements of
their branches, decorated. A flag of pink silk, with coat of
arms.

Brass Founders : Neatly dressed in green aprons and
white cockades, carrying implements of the profession, pre-
ceded by an air furnace neatly constructed.

Coopers : Preceded by Benjamin Winne, aged 84 years;
on a carriage drawn by 4 horses, a cooper shop, well con-
structed, ornamented with 11 pillars, each crowned with a
cask : several men at work. Flag, carried by Mr. Robert
Hewson, of red silk, with coat of arms.

Butchers : In uniform of white frocks and blue sashes,
driving 2 beautiful oxen, ornamented with ribbons, pre-
ceded by music. Flag — blue silk, with coat of arms.
Motto — Ma?/ we never want /at cattle.

Cordwainers : A carriage drawn by 2 horses, on which
a handsome shop, 12 feet long and 6 wide was erected. In
the shop, Mr. Fredenrich and several journeymen and ap-
prentices at work, dressed in white, with aprons, yellow
sashes and cockades. The carriage was preceded by Mr.
David Groesbeck and Mr. Anthony Hallenbake, and fol-
lowed by masters, journeymen and apprentices — Mr. Mat-
thew Fryer carrying a yellow silk flag with a coat of arms.
State Standard, carried by Major John D. P. Ten
Eyck.

Gj.ass Makers : Dressed in green, carrying various tools
and implements of their profession — globes, bottles and other
specimens of their manufactory.

Adoption of the Federal Constitution. 233

A Bateau : Elegantly painted and decorated ; on a car-
riage drawn by two gray horses, neatly caparisoned, loaded
with goods proper for the Indian trade, navigated by a pro-
per number of bateaumen furnished with setting- poles,
paddles, &c., which were used with great skill during the
procession. Mr. Gerardus Lansingh, in the character of a
trader, and an Indian, properly dressed and ornamented, sit-
ting in the stern. During the repast, the bateau made a
voyage towards the Mohawk country, and returned with a
full cargo of peltry.

Captains of Vessels : Preceded by Capt. Philip Lan-
sing, carrying a flag of blue silk, on which was a sloop with-
out sails. Motto — God sends sails.

Merchants and Traders, with their clerks, preceded
by Mr. Jacob Cuyler, carrying a white flag, in an escutcheon,
one ship inward and another outward bound — supported by
two sheaves of wheat. Motto — 3Iay our expo7'ts exceed our
imports.

The Corporations of the Dutch, Episcopal and Presby-
terian Churches, preceded by the Clergy.

Sherifi" and his deputies, with white wands.

Constables with their staves.

Grand Jury.

Members of Corporation.

Judges and Justices of Common Pleas.

The Chancellor.

Gentlemen of the Bar, in gowns, followed by their stu-
dents.

School masters, followed by their scholars.

Surveyor General.

Adjutant General, and officers of Militia, in complete uni-
form.

Physicians and students.

Detachment of Artillery, commanded by Capt. Lieut.
Male Standard blue silk, on which was a field piece, mortar,
and burning shell.

The Procession moved with the greatest regularity
through Watervliet, Market (now Broadway), and State
street, to the Federal Bower, which the van reached at
half-past twelve o'clock, announced by the firing of a gun.

234 Adoption of the Federal Constitution.

This edifice made an highly elegant appearance. It was
erected on a most advantageous part of the heights west of
Fort Frederick ; commanding the most extended prospect of
any situation near the city ; and when the flags of the re-
spective divisions were displayed on its battlements, that of
the United States in the centre, that of the State on the
right, and the farmers on the left, the coup d'ceil was
extremely pleasing.

The edifice was 154 feet in length and 44 in breadth, and
was raised on 4 rows of pillars, 15 feet in height, which were
close wreathed with foliage and composed of 11 arches in
front.

From the architrave, which was clothed with verdant
branches, festoons of foliage were suspended, which crossed
the arches ; above the centre of which, were white oval me-
dallions, with the name of a ratifying state on each.

When the procession had drawn up in a line, at the rear
of the bower, the company marched off, in regular divisions
to the tables, which were plentifully covered with substantial
American cheer ; handsomely arranged under the direction
of Mr. Wm. Van Ingen. And the tables, which were
eleven in number, placed across the colonnade, in a line with
the arches, were by no means sufficient for the company.

After dinner, the following toasts were drank, each hon-
ored with the discharge of eleven guns :

1. The United States.

2. The States which ratified the New Constitution.

3. The Convention of this State.

4. The Eleventh Pillar in the Federal edifice.

5. General Washington.

6. The friendly powers of Europe.

7. Agriculture and Commerce.

8. American Manufactures.

9. Inland navigation and the Fur trade restored.

10. The memory of those Heroes who have fallen in de-
fence of American Liberty.

11. Concord and confidence at home, and respectability
abroad,

12. May virtue, patriotism and harmony prevail, and dis-
cord be banished from all American councils.

13. May the union of the States be perpetual.

Adoption of the Federal Constitution, 235

A gun was fired, as a signal for again forming the pro-
cession, which was done with the utmost regularity and dis-
patch. The-Toute then taken was down State street into Pearl
street, and through it, Columbia street. Market street and
Court street, into a spacious pasture south of Fort Orange;
where the whole formed a semicircle. After 11 guns had
been fired from the Fort, answered by three cheers from the
whole, the respective divisions marched ofi" at intervals, and
as they passed the Fort, received a salute of a single gun,
which they returned with three cheers,

JAMES FAIRLIE, Esq., was the Marshal of the pro-
cession. His assistants were Thos. L. Witbeck, Casparus
Hewson, John Cuyler, Jr., and John Bleecker.

It may be mentioned, by way of episode, that when the
procession reached Grreen street, a party of anti-Federalists,
as they were then called, who had collected there, made an
assault upon it, and a skirmish ensued. One of the principal
actors in the scene was the late Mr. Jonathan Kidney. A
cannon had been procured, and heavily charged ; and the
excitement was so great, that it would undoubtedly have
been discharged upon the line of procession, had not Mr.
Kidney prevented it by driving the end of a file into the
fuse, and breaking it off". The lighthorse made a charge
upon the assailants, who scampered out of the way. The pro-
jecting oven of the old Stone House was torn down to fur-
nish missiles. Among the wounded on the occasion was
Mr. James Caldwell, who received a brick upon his forehead.

The election of members of Assembly, terminated in
the success of the anti-Federal party, and seems to have been
the first party struggle growing out of the dissension on the
question of the Constitution. The vote of the two parties
in the county of Albany, as canvassed by the supervisors,
on the 27th May, 1798, stood as follows. John Younglove
seems to have the votes of both.

ANTI-FEDERAL. : FEDERAL,

John Lansing, 3048 i Stephen Van Rensselaer,.. 1953

Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, 3042 I Leonard Gransevoort, 1888

John Duncan, 2990

Cornelius Van Dyck, 3033

John Thompson,. , , 3006

Henry K. Van Rensselaer, 2911
John Younglove,. 4807

Richard Sill, 1877

Hezekiah Van Orden, 1871

John Knickerbacker, 1868

Isaac Vrooman, . , 1851

236 Frospects of the City in 1789.

CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE CITY IN 1789.

A writer in the Gazette of this year gives the following
account of its condition, improvements and prospects :

Every thinking man, who takes a prospective view of this
city, and contemplates what it was seven or eight years ago,
and what it now is, will be astonished at the improvements
in the city, and the increase of commerce, manufactures,
&c., since that period. Then some of the principal streets
were shamefully neglected, without a pavement sufficient
even for a foot passenger to walk on, without annoying him-
self with filth. We have a prospect, ere another year shall
transpire, of seeing the principal streets not only comfortably,
but elegantly paved. In addition to which, the wharves have
been repaired and enlarged, and the city adorned with seve-
ral new private buildings, which would not disgrace some of
the principal cities in Europe, and would ornament any in
America.

At that period a competent English teacher was scarcely
to be found. We now have an academy, which flourishes
under the direction of Mr. Merchant, a gentleman who has
always given such proofs of his abilities, as to render enco-
mium entirely superfluous.

At that period not more than seventy, at the utmost cal-
culation, shops and stores were kept in this city Now we
behold Market and State streets crowded with stores, and
rents in those streets enhanced to such a degree as to put
houses out of reach of the inconsiderable traders. Nor had we
manufactories of any kind, but depended on importation
entirely for every manufactured article. Now we see the
citizens stimulated by motives of public spirit, daily pro-
moting them. Messrs. Stevenson, Douw & Ten Eyck have
erected a nail manufactory, in which nails of every descrip-
tion are manufactured as cheap, and pronounced to be su-
perior to any imported.

Much praise is also due to James Caldwell, of this city,
jnerchant, for his spirited exertions in promoting the manu-

Prospects of the City in 1789.

237

facture of tobacco of every description, snuff, mustard and
chocolate, for which purpose he has, at great expense, erected
mills wtjich are ranked among the first in America ;
and in which every article manufactured is of the best in-
gredients, and allowed to be of superior quality.

What a glorious prospect lies before us ! A thriving city,
situated in the heart of a fertile, extensive and growing
country, possessing all the advantages of trade that can
be desired, united to the power (some trivial inconve-
niences excepted) of enjoying those of navigation. Such
are the blessings which Nature has bestowed on us. And
I flatter myself I am not too sanguine, when I indulge the
idea, that I shall live to see the day when this city, adorned
with every necessary public building, and other improve-
ments, will become the fixed seat of government and of the
legislature; shipping of considerable bulk, owned by our own
merchants, opening their canvas before our wharves, and
wafting the produce of our country to distant quarters of
the globe: in short, that the city will wear an aspect as
different from what it did seven years ago, as twilight is
from noon-day.

238 A Tobacco Estahlishmeni of 1790.

A TOBACCO ESTABLISHMENT OF 1790.

It is believed that Mr. James Caldwell was the first
great tobacco manufacturer of this region.

The editor of the Grazette, in the fall of 1790, gave a de-
scription of the recently erected tobacco works of this gen-
tleman, prefaced by some laudatory and prophetic remarks
on the present and future condition of the city. " V^hile
we receive daily accounts of the progress of manufactures
in our infant country," he says, " it affords us a singular
pleasure to have it in our power to present the flattering
prospects we have of vicing in this respect with any other
town on the continent. As the peculiar advantages of our
situation entitle us to look forward to the period loheM a com-
merce^ great beyond calculation^ must circulate through this
jplace^ we have equal reasons, from the advances already
made, to anticipate the flourishing state of our manufac-
tures." The establishment recently put in operation by Mr.
Caldwell, is selected as an instance of the enterprise of the
day — the site of which was occupied for the same purpose,
by his partner and successor, Mr. Solomons, until about
twenty years ago.

" The buildings belonging to these works extend on a line
along the front about 200 feet. That part which contains
the machinery of the mills is 42 feet front. One water
wheel of 3J feet wide with li inches water, by an upright
shaft, puts in motion the snuff"-mill, which consists of 4 mor-
tars, 16 rollers, and a snuff bolt. A mustard mill, with 2
large rollers, 4 mortars and stampers; a charcoal mill, with
a run of stones and cocoa roaster; an engine for cutting
smoking tobacco ; a machine for cutting tobacco for the
snuff-mill ; and a large grindstone for the use of the
works. It likewise gives motion to an elegant colos-
sal figure of a man, represented in the act of turning a
winch, from which all the machinery apparently receives
motion.

" The tobacco is pressed and brought to the knife of the
cutting machine on a plan entirely new, without manual la-

A lobacco Establishment of 1790. 239

bor. All these works, together with a kiln for preparing
the mustard seed, are on the first and second floors. Any
part may be set in motion or stopped without afiecting the
others. On the third floor is a kiln for tobacco. Both kilns
are on a new and improved construction. Here are a num-
ber of hands constantly employed in packing snuff" and to-
bacco. The house for drying and curing tobacco adjoins
the mill on the west, and is 70 feet in front. The fire-places
are constructed with such improvements as not to require
one-fourth the wood commonly consumed for the like pur-
poses. The upper part is occupied as a store-room for tobacco.
The house on the west contains the tobacco manufactory;
on the lower floor of which are nine complete presses, and a
room where the tobacco is formed into rolls, in a manner
never before discovered, without either pios or thorns — of
which invention the merit is solely due to the manufacturer.
On the second floor the spinning is done, where ^4 hands
are constantly employed in the various parts of the business.
There is a machine by which one boy can turn for five or six
tables, and can stop either, when occasion requires, without
interrupting the rest. This last improvement has been of-
ten attempted in Europe and America, but has never been
brought to the perfection it is here.

" The water is conveyed to the mills by a ti^3nch, and
from thence passes off" by a subterraneous conduit, over which
is the main road; and the water-wheel is so sheltered that
neither can be perceived from the inside or outside of the
mill. Besides these buildings, there is an elegant and com-
modious dwelling-house and several out-houses belonging to
the manufactory, all disposed in such a manner as to make a
beautiful appearance. They are situated about one mile
from the centre of the city, and 400 yards west from the
mansion-house of Stephen Van Rensselaer, Esq., at the en-
trance of the delightful valley, through which a never fail-
ing stream passes, that turns a number of oth^r mills within
sight of each other.

"Mr. Christopher Batterman,^a young man, a native of
Boston, is the architect, to whose ingenuity the plan of the

1 He is believed -to have been the ancestor of the Battermans re-
siding in Guilderland ; having removed to the glass-works after

240

Board of Trade,

works, and the various improvements in the execution are
to be ascribed — as he was solely entrusted by Mr. Caldwell
with the construction of them. He intends to make Albany
his residence. The snu£f-mill is in such high perfection, that
by going only nine months in the year, more snuff can be
produced, it is said, than is consumed annually in the north-
ern part of America. We may add, without prejudice or
vanity, that these works are superior to anything of the
kind in America; and give evidence of an emulation which
will in a few years, in all probability, place Albany on a foot-
ing with the first cities on the continent/^

July 12. 1794. — " The extensive and beautiful works, be-
longing to Mr. Caldwell, situated about a mile north of this
city, were entirely consumed by fire, together with between
five and six thousand pounds worth of stock. The whole loss is
estimated at upwards of £13,000. The fire broke out between
the hours of one and two in the naorning of Saturday, in the
chocolate mill, but by what means it caught, no one is able
to determine. Nothing was saved of all that range, but one
small kitchen.''

These works were soon rebuilt. The plate opposite is a
representation of the appearance of the establishment, but
it is not now known whether before or after the fire.

BOARD OP TRADE.

This association of merchants commenced business on the
15th of May, 1848.

The following were its officers :

William Chapman, President.
Benj. C.Raymond, IstVice-Pres.
Thos. Schuyler, 2d Vice-Presi-
dent.
David H. Carey, Sec'y.

Rufus K. Viele, Treasurer.

Chas. Wright, M. H. Read, O. N.
Chapin, T. P. Crook, John
Tweed! e, Com. of Reference.

this establishment was completed, where he resided during his life,
and left a large and valuable estate.

_~" '^^.rr:-" ,- ■ • —

-zr . \_: ~ "

■ -^-- .- .

-•- ^'' =- > =- 5-i.

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— — .~r

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-" -[^^S:;/ ^r

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ir:^

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»» 00 r'cAtoi* 9/ Geant * r7

.V View of Rkxsselakrv ille, ^Manufactory

IVie /iro/ic/t^ of J\r JAMES CAIuDli^J^. I.J^^.off/ie C/ry of
.1/ i'^ ri I/. :\rercfnnt. with a distant Pros/eect dfWwAsowsYdvcr
and t/ie Seat of Stephen Tan Reufsclaer.£>/J/''><'.

Custom House. 241

CUSTOM HOUSE.

The custom touse was established in 1833, and was
thought by some persons to be a proper subject for a little
ridicule. In truth the business of conducting it was not
very arduous for the first year. There were then but two
vessels trading regularly to Boston, namely the schooner
Visscher and sloop Greorge Washington, owned by Davis &
Centre, whereas now there are above a hundred. Besides,
there are several lines of steam propellers trading to difi"er-
ent ports, which have come on the river quite recently, of
which we believe the Mohawk was the pioneer. There is
a line of steam packets between Albany and Hartford, do-
ing a brisk business, and another to Philadelphia. One has
recently been established between this city and New London
and Norwich. And when it is considered what an enor-
mous quantity of freight is taken overland by the railroad,
it is remarkable that the packet business should increase so
rapidly. Mr. William Seymour was the first collector, and
the first license entered on his book is under the date of
July 12, 1833. After this became a port of entry, the go-
vernment made an appropriation for the improvement of
the navigation of the river. It was contemplated to carry
a dyke up from a point 25 miles below the head of tide wa-
ter, at an estimated cost of $860,000, which would efi'ectu-
ally relieve the channel of the bars that now obstruct it,
and relieve the business men scattered over an immense re-
gion of country of the vexations and embarrassments caused
in various ways by the daily detention of vessels. The dyke
was constructed a part of the distance contemplated, and
there abandoned. But it was of great advantage to our
commerce, enabling schooners of over 200 tons to reach
the city, and steam boats of far greater tonnage made their
regular trips at low water. The dyke however went to ruin.
A few hundred dollars would have repaired the first breach.
Only a part of the ve-sels trading to this port were registered
bere; hence the whole number registered from 1841 to 1848

21

242 Hibernian Provident Society,

did not much exceed 500. The Rochester steam boat was
the largest vessel licensed at our port, being nearly 500 tons.
The vessel of the largest tonnage that arrives here is the
steam boat Isaac Newton, .of about 1,300 tons. [These im-
provements were renewed about 1866, and completed, giving
more of surface water to the tides.]

HIBERNIAN PROVIDENT SOCIETY.

On the 17th April, 1833, Jas. Halliday, Jas. Maher,
Patrick Cassidy, William L. Osborne, Peter C. Doyle,
Thomas Gough, Wm. O'Donnell, Michael Cagger, and
others, were incorporated under the name of the Hibernian
Provident Society, the avowed objects of which were chari-
table; "to create a fund by a general subscription among
the members, which should contribute to their mutual
advantage; if, by reason of sickness, they should at any
time become destitute of the conveniences of life ; and also
to organize in one body a numerous class of Irishmen, re-
siding in this city, and to concentrate their moral energies,
so as to bring fairly before the American people the repub-
lican features of their national character; that a number of
individuals should combine and reserve a portion of the
fruits of their industry, while enjoying health and happiness,
for the establishment of a fund for their support, when over-
taken by misfortunes or infirmities; especially, that a body
of men, who have been oppressed in their native land, by a
despotic government, and who are influenced by the same
associations and sympathies, and are led on by the same
devotion in the path of freedom, should associate together
for the purpose of vindicating their national character, and
of procuring for themselves, in a proper time, the privileges
of American citizens." The officers of the society for the
year 1848, are as follows :

Patrick Grrady, President.
John Reynolds, 1st Vice-Presi-
dent.
Joseph Clinton, 2d do.
John Daly, Recording Secretary.

Michael Fives, Corresponding

Secretary.
Richard Brovm, Treasurer.
Nicholas Markey, Physician.

Mohawk and Hudson Bail Boad. 243

MOHAWK AND HUDSON RAIL ROAD.

This was one of the first rail roads constructed in the
state. On the 17th April, 1826, Stephen Van Rensselaer,
George W, Featherstonehaugh, and others received a char-
ter from the state, for the purpose of constructing a rail
road between the Mohawk and Hudson rivers; the capital
stock was fixed at $300,000, with permission to increase it
to $500,000, or $31,000 per mile, and the time for complet-
ing the road was limited to six years. The work was com-
menced in 1830, and a double track completed in 1833. It
was originally constructed with an inclined plane at each
end of the road ; the one at Albany a little more than half
a mile in length, and both of them having a rise of 1 foot
in 18. The road was laid out 15f miles in length, 6 of
which were at a level, and the rest of it, with the exception
of the two inclined planes, had an ascending grade of about
1 foot in 250. The width of the excavations is 36 feet,
that of the embankments 26 feet. The deepest excavation
is 47 feet, and the highest embankment 44 feet. Greatest
altitude 353 feet above tide water at Albany. Stone blocks
were placed three feet apart, from centre to centre, laid on
broken stone, and cross sleepers of wood rested upon them,
seven inches in diameter and 8 feet long, supporting the
timber rails, on which were placed iron bars, three-fifths
by two and a half inches, with the upper corners rounded
to Ij inches width ; and the width between the rails 4 feet
9 inches. When the road had been constructed in this man-
ner, it was found to have cost $1,100,000, or upwards of
$70,000 per mile, for the double track. The stock sold at
one time for 30 per cent premium, but subsequently went
down to 25 cents on the dollar, and the road in unskillful
hands, was on the point of being abandoned. At this junc-
ture some of our enterprising men took the matter in hand,
bought up the stock, and with the assistance of a loan from
the city corporation, set about a complete reconstruction of
the road. The inclined planes were abandoned, and by a
little more circuitous ascent of the rising ground at each

244 Mohawk and Hudson Bail Boad.

terminus, and the use of heavy locomotives, it has become
a popular and profitable concern. The company relaid the
road with a heavy rail in part in 1843, and fully completed
relaying: it during the last season. The distance is now about
17 miles. On the 22 Sept., a train of three cars, filled with
passengers by invitation, crossed the road from x\lbany in
30 minutes, and returned in 24 minutes, the speed being at
the rate of 1 mile in \m. 25s., or 42^ miles an hour.

The following table shows the comparative condition of
the company's operations in 1846 and 1847 :

1846. 1847.

No. passengers, 174,653 229,401

Receipts from passengers, $92,194 $110,051

" freight, &c., 33,641 51,323

$125,835 $164,374

Repairs and running road, 41,766 60,310

Miles run by passenger trains, 45,357 49,674

" freight, &c„ 16,515 22,821

Cost of construction to Jan. 1, 1847, . $1,472,966

Jan. 1,1848,. 1,473,253

The receipts of the road in 1848 were $60,595; 1844,
$89,882; 1845, $98,494. The receipts of 1848 were up-
wards of $175,000.

The road is fully equipped, as the company own six loco-
motives, thirty first class passenger cars, twenty-two second
class passenger cars, thirty-six freight cars, thirty-four bag-
gage cars. With good management and economy the com-
pany was enabled to resume its dividends in October, 1847,
since which it continued to pay regular dividends, every
six months, until it was consolidated as a part of the Cen-
tral rail road line.

St. Andrew's Society, etc.

245

ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY.

This society usually holds its anniversary about the 30th
of November. It was organized on the 10th of October,
1803, and celebrated the nativity of its patron saint on the
30th of November following. At the first election of officers,
the following persons were chosen : John Stevenson, presi-
dent, Geo Ramsey, vice-President; Andrew Brown, 2d vice-
president; Rev. John McDonald, chaplain; Dr. Wm. Mc-
Celland, physician; William Milroy, treasurer; Archibald
Mclntyre, secretary; Peter Boyd, assistant secretary; and
Daniel Gumming, Peter Sharpe, John Kirk, John Grant,
George Pearson, Thomas Barker, Wm. French, John D.
Cunningham, managers. It will be perceived that but one
of the above is now left among us, but their nanies will be
familiar to the older citizens. The avowed object of the
society, was to afford relief to poor and unfortunate Scottish
immigrants, without regard to religious or political distinc-
tions; and we are informed that its finances are in a very
flourishing condition, and that a large amount is annually
dispensed for benevolent purposes. At a meeting held at
the City Hotel, on the 9th Dec, 1848, the following were
elected officers of the Society for the ensuing year :

James Taylor, President.
Andrew Kirk, 1st Vice President.
D. D. Ramsey, 2d Vice Presi-
dent.
Peter Bullions, Chaplain.
James McNaughton, Physician.
William Gfray, Treasurer.

James Dickson, Secretary.

Daniel Campbell, Assistant Se-
cretary.

Alexander Gray, Peter Smith,
Nathan Algie, Hugh Dickson,
Geo. Young, Managers.

ALBANY SOCIETY OF BROTHERLY LOVE.

This Society of Israelities, was incorporated by act of
legislature. May 7, 1844, its avowed objects being charita-
ble and benevolent, to afford relief to its members in the case
of sickness and infirmity. The persons named in the act of
incorporation, were Moses Schloss, Solomon Mark, Isaac
Cohen, Lewis Sporborg, and Myer Stern.

246 Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time,

STAGE AND MAIL ROUTES IN OLDEN TIIVIE.

In June, 1785, a company of stage proprietors undertook
to make the land passage to New York from Albany, " the
most easy and agreeable, as -well as the most expeditious,'^ by
performing the journey in two days, at 8c?. a mile; but in
the fall of the year, " for the ease of the passengers," the
time of running was changed to three days, and the price
raised to 4c7. a mile, " agreeably to act of assembly." This
was a chartered company, the legislature having in the above
year granted to Isaac Van Wyck, Talmage Hall and John
Kinney, the exclusive right " to erect, set up, carry on, and
drive," stage wagons between Albany and New York, on
the east side of the Hudson river, for a term of ten years,
and restrained all opposition under a penalty of £200. They
were to have at least two covered wagons, each drawn by four
able horses, the fare was limited to 4c7. a mile, and the trips
to be performed once a week, under the penalty of the for-
feiture of their charter. At this time the post office at Al-
bany served not only for the adjoining towns, as Schenectady
and Greenbush, but also for Orange and Dutchess counties,
Cherry Valley, &c., and letters were advertised even for
Vermont. By the post office arrangements of January,
1786, the New York mail arrived twice a week, Wednesdays
and Saturdays. The post office business jit this time could
not have been very extensive, there being but two mails in
the week, one from New York, and the other from Spring-
field, which were so unimportant that for several years after
the routes were called cross-roads in the government con-
tracts, and terminated at the city. The communication with
the neighboring counties and states was kept up by post
riders, who met at certain points and interchanged letters
and papers, and when the business was not sufficient to sup-
port them, subscriptions were raised for the purpose among

such citizens as were interested in their continuance In

1789 a stage commenced running from Piatt's Inn in Lan-
singburgh, to Lewis's City Tavern, Albany, three times a

Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time. 247

week, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The bill of fare

down and back was 4s.; fare one way 3s In 1790 a post

of this kind left Albany on Monday afternoon, and reached
Schenectady the same day ; was at Johnstown on Tuesday,
at Canajoharie on Wednesday, at Fort Plain on Thursday,
at Fort Hunter and Warrensbush on Friday, and arrived at
Albany, on its return, Monday forenoon. The post to Ver-
mont left the city on Monday evening, arrived at Pittstown
on Tuesday, at Bennington on Wednesday, at Little White
Creek and Cambridge on Thursday, at Tomhannic and
Schaghticoke on Friday, and at Hoosic on Saturday. This
was also the mode, and almost the only means, of circulating

newspapers at that day It was mentioned at this time

(1790), that the trade and commerce of the United States
had been greatly benefited by the regulations at the general
post office, whereby the mail was transported five times a
week between New York and Philadelphia; and the post
master general had signified his intention to make the same
arrangements between New York and Baltimore, at the be-
ginning of the next year In February, 1790, the legisla-
ture granted Ananias Piatt the exclusive right of running a
stage between Albany and Lansingburgh. Four years later,
Mr. Piatt, " grateful for public custom," undertook to run
his stage twice a day from Lansingburgh to Albany and back.
In the winter of 1795 he had increased the number of
daily trips to six. In the summer of 1796, the amount of
traveling had increased so much as to employ twenty stages
daily between Waterford, Lansingburgh, Troy and Albany,

averaging more than 150 passengers a day In 1791, the

post master general was authorized by law to extend the post
route from Albany to Bennington, Vt. ; and the first mail
reached that place on the 25th of March, the anniversary of
the settlement of the town thirty years before. The printers
complained of the careless and irregular manner in which
the New York mail was carried. It appears that the contract
required the mail to be carried but once a week, though fhe
carriers generally took it twice, and thereby exceeded their

contract It may be here remarked, that the length of all

the post routes in the state, is now, 1848, above 13,000

miles In 1792, by the act of congress for extending post

roads, and fixing the rates of postage, the mail route from

248 Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time,

Albany to Bennington was extended through the state of
Vermont to the north part of this state on Lake Cham-
plain ; and a post road established from Albany through
Schenectady to Canajoharie. The rates of postage on news-
papers were about the same as they are now, with the excep-
tion of the odious three cent appendage. A post was esta-
blished in the same year from Albany to Whitestown, as a
private enterprise, which performed the route once a fort-
night. Several gentlemen in the Genesee country, esta-
blished another to meet the one at Whitestown, by which a
communication was opened between Albany snd thenar wes^.
The latter post passed through Geneva, Canandarqua, Cana-
wargus and Williamsburgh. Towns were then few and far
between. There were but 7 in Saratoga county, 3 in Her-
kimer, and 4 in Montgomery. Postmaster General Pick-
ering's advertisements for contracts to carry the mails, also
proposed to extend the post road west of Albany, "from
Connojorharrie to Whitestown, and thence to Kanandarqua,^^
About the same time a private post was established from
Niagara to the Genesee river, where it met the one previously
mentioned, and interchanged letters and papers. By this
means a chain of communication was opened through the
whole extent of the state, and the Messrs. Webster in Al-
bany received and forwarded letters gratuitously to every part
of the country where there were no mails. Some one proposed
this year to establish a line of stages from Albany to Whites-
town, a project which the editor of the Gazette says, would
have been ridiculed at an earlier day, but which the great
intercourse with the western country might justify, and
answer a valuable purpose, if the proprietors could succeed
in contracting for the mail. In the spring of 1793, Moses
Beal " erected a stage," to use his own words, " for the
accommodation of passengers from Albany to Schenectady,
Johnstown, and Canajohary, once a week.'' It left Albany
at 6 o'clock on Friday morning, and arrived at Canajoharie
the next day. The fare was 3c. a mile It returned on Tues-
day. He proposed to go occasionally as far as Little Falls, if
desired ? The success of these enterprises emboldened others;
and we find that one John Hudson, innkeeper, established
a line of stages to run between Albany and Schenectady,
three times a week ] and John Rodgers, of Ballstown, ran a

Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time, 249

line from that place to connect with it, by which a regular
communication was now first established for the convenience
of those who visited the springs. The fare was 4s. to Sche-
nectady ; those who continued through were charged 3c/. a
mile. A still bolder scheme was undertaken, to connect the
city with the valley of the Connecticut, by a line of stages to
Northampton. Arrangements having been made in the fall
of the above year, a stage started from each end of the line
on Tuesdays and Fridays, in the morning, and met at Pitts-
field in the evening, accomplishing the entire route in two
days. The proprietors, in their appeal to the public for pa-
tronage, remark, that the difficulty of extending a line of
stages across the mountains, had always been considered
insurmountable, but reflecting that such an establishment
would complete the line of an expeditious and sure communi-
cation from " Portland, in the province of Maine," through
a rich and flourishing country, to Whitestown, in the western
part of the state of New York, a distance of upwards of 400
miles, they had determined to make the experiment. The

fare was 4c. amile In 1794 the post routes from Albany,

or centering in Albany, had increased to five, as follows,
preserving the orthography of the postmaster-general. 1st.
From Albany to Kinderhook, Hudson, Clermont, Redhook,,
RhinebeckjPoughkeepsie, Fishkill, Pickskill and New York,
once a week. 2d. From Albany to Lansingburgh, Benning-
ton, Manchester, Rutland, Middleburgh, Vergennes and
Burlington, once a week. 3d. From Albany to New Le-
banon, Pittsfield, Worthington, Northampton and Brook-
field, once a week. 4th. From Albany to Kinderhook,
Stockbridge and Springfield, once a week. 5th. From
Albany to Schenectady, Johnstown, Canajohary, German
Flatts, Whitestown, Old Fort Schuyler, Onondaga, Aurora,
Scipio, Geneva and Kanandaigua, once in two weeks. A.
branch ran from Canajohary through Cherry Valley to

Cooperstown, once a week In January, 1795, Mr. John

Hudson ran two stages, one of four horses and the other of
two, daily between Albany and Schenectady, and Ananias
Piatt soon after went upon the same line, making four trips
a day. The fare to New York by stage this year, was reduced
to £3 4s. ($8). It is understood that the price was usually
$10. In the following year it was reduced to $6 in the sum-
mer; the fare from Albany to Port Schuyler was S2.50; to

250 Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time.

Whitestown, $3...... In the same year also (1796), the mails

made the transit between Albany and Philadelphia, a dis-
tance of about 260 miles, in three days, and from Boston to
Philadelphia in four days, from Savannah to Philadelphia in

thirteen days The post roads diver" ing from Albany were

further increased in 1797, through northern towns. A list
of the roads and distances in various directions from Albany,
this year, was as follows :

Albany to Hartford and New Haven.

Miles,

Sheffield, 4

Canaan, 4

Norfolk, 6

Dr. Bidwell's, 4

Phelps's (Green Woods),. ... 5
Austin's (New Hartford), ... 5

Case's (Symsbury), 7

Northington, 4

West Hartford, 5

Hartford, 4

Middletown, 15

New Haven, 23

Miles.
Col. Visscher's and John

Staats's, Greenbush, 1

McKown's, 4

Smith's, 6

John Miller's 1

Kinderhook Plains, 4

Kinderhook Mills, 2

Buck's Tavern, 5

Spencertown, 7

Green river 5

Derby's, 5

Egremont, foot of Nabletown

mountain, 1

Cook's, 4

Baker's, in Gt. Barrington, . . 1

138

Albany to Nla.gara.

Miles.

Humphrey's Tavern, 2

McKown's, 3

Douw's, 2

Truax's, 5

Schenectady, 4

Groat's, 12

John Fonda's, ^ 12

Conally's, 7

Roseboom's Fer., Can'joharie, 3

Hudson's (Indian Castle), ... 13

Aldridge's (German Flatts),. 11

Brayton's, 13

Old' Fort Schuyler, 3

Whitestown, 4

Rome (Fort Stanwix), 12

Whitestown to Laird's Ta-
vern, 9

Oneida Castle, 8

Wemp's, 5

John Denna's, 7

Miles.

Foster's, 5

Morehouse's, ' 6

Keeler's or Danforth's,.. . .,. . 5

Carpenter's, 15

Buck's, 3

Goodrich's, 8

Huggins's, 4

Cayuga, 7

Seneca, 3

Geneva, 11

Amsden's, 6

Wells's, 8

Sanburne's (Canandarqua), . . 4

Sears's & Peck's, 13

Genesee river, 14

Indiantown Tonawanda,. ... 40
Niagara, 35

310

Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time, 251

Albany to Montreal.

Miles.

Flatts, 5

Waterford, 7

Half-Moon, 6

Stillwater, 4

Ensign's, 6

Du Mont's Ferry, 8

Fort Edward, 12

Sandy Hill, 2

Fort Ann, 10

Skeensborougli, 12

Dr. Smith's, 8

Miles.

Burlington, 70

Sandbar, 14

John Martin's, 14

Savage's Point, 6

Windmill " 6

Isle au Noix, 12

St. John's, 14

Laperara, 18

Montreal, 9

232

Albany to Boston.

Miles.

McKown's, 5

Strong's, 9

Schermerhorn's, 7

Lebanon Springs, 9

Pittsfield, 7

Partridge field, 10

Worthington, 10

Chesterfield, 7

Miles.

Northampton, 13

Belchertown, 15

Brookfield, 15

Leicester, „ 13

Worcester, , 13

Boston, 44

177

Note. — From Worcester to Boston the country is almost one con-
tinued village, and houses of entertainment in no instance of two
or three miles.

Albany and New York to Philadelphia.

Miles.

Greenbush, 1

McKown's,* 4

Smith's, 6

J. Miller's, 3

Kinderhook Plains, 4

Kinderkook, 4

Claverack, 14

Livingston's Manor, 7

Swart's, 15

Rhinebeck, 9

Staatsburg, 6

Miles.

Poughkeepsie, 11

Fishkill, 14

Nelson's (Highlands), 11

Peekskill, 9

Odell's, 10

Conklin's, 12

Kingsbridge, 12

New York, 15

Philadelphia, 95

260

Nothwithstanding these facilities for travel, the publish-
ers of newspapers were still dependent upon the postriders
who traversed the country on horseback, distributing papers
and letters. The advertisement of one of these is given to

252 Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time. _

illustrate the subject. It is copied in fac simile from the
Northern Budget^ printed at Troj, in 1799.

NEWS I NEWS!

Aaron Oliver, Poji- Rider y

'\T7'ISHES to inform the Publick, that he has ex-
tended his Route ; and that he now rides thro*
the Towns of Iroy, Pittjiown, Hoojick, Mapletowriy
Part of Bennington^ and Shaftjbury, Peter/burgh^ Ste-
phentown, Greenbujh and Schodack.

All Commands in his Line will be received with
Thanks, and executed with Punftuality.

He returns his fmcere Thanks to his former Cus-
tomers ; and intends, by unabated Diligence, to merit
a Continuance of their Favours.

Cfer rugged bills^ and vallies 'wide,

He ne-ver yet hasfaiPd to trudge it j
^s Jieady as the fioiving tide.

He hands about the Northern Budget.
June 1 8, 1799.

So little improvement was made in regard to speed, that
in 1804; a line of staoes commenced running between Albany
and New York, which occupied three days in the journey,
lodging the first night at Rhinebeck, and the next at Peeks-
kill, The avowed object of this line was the ease of the
traveler, who was allowed all the time requisite to make
the passage agreeable. As far as time was concerned, surely
no one could desire to be longer on the road. Fare $8.
The steam boats soon after this introduced a new mode of
conveying travelers, and the mail, with ease and comfort to

Stage and Mail Routes in Olden Time, ■ 253

the passenger, and a considerable increase of speed In

1811 a line of stages was formed from Albany to Niagara
Falls, which accomplished the journey in three days, at the
following rates: from Albany to Utica, $5.50; Utica to
Geneva, $5; Geneva to Canandaigua, $5.75; and from

thence to Buffalo at 6c. a mile In 1814 a line of stages

was established by a Mr. Hicks, to run between Albany
and Brattleboro', to carry the mail twice a week, but to
make the trip between the two places in one day. It was
thought the journey to Boston could be performed with

greater safety by this route than any other In 1818 a

line of stages commenced running between Albany and
Montreal, on the west side of Lake Champlain, transporting
the mail three times a week. By continued gradations,
Albany became the centre of a large amount of stage travel,
which increased from year to year until about 1830, the
dawning of the rail road era. Lines of stages diverged to
every point of the compass, and its streets were thronged
with vehicles departing and arriving at all hours of the
day and' night. There were several lines daily to Buffalo,
to Montreal, to New York, and to Boston. There was a
line to Boston by the way of Charlestown, N. H., one by
Brattleboro', Vt., one by Greenfield, Mass., and one by Spring-
field, Mass., and one by Hartford, Ct. Besides these there
were numerous less important lines. The firms of Thorp &
Sprague and Baker & Walbridge, owned an incredible
number of stage coaches, which were subsequently laid up on
the completion of the rail roads, and other improvements in
traveling, and many hundreds of worn out horses went to
their rest. The glory of this business has departed ; its
tired horses and tired men have been superseded by the
iron horse, which never tires. Troy is now the seat of
staging operations in this region ; a few straggling lines take
the northern routes over the mountains, and short lines
penetrate sections of the country remote from the rail roads.
One line still (1848) occupies the route, over the Cherry
Valley turnpike, terminating at Syracuse ; through in 24
hours; fare $2.75, or thereabout. This route accommo-
dates such as halt at by-places, or are a little doubtful of
their entire personal safety behind a locomotive. Mr. Jq-

22

254 General Hamilton at Quarantine,

seph Webster, who is the veteran stager of the day, also
traverses the Helderberg ridge with a six horse team, to
Rensselaerville, and another line leaves the Clinton Hotel,
keeping up a communication with Schoharie. Thus rapidly
faded out a business that employed the largest capital, for a
time, that was engaged in any enterprise then being con-
ducted in this city.

GENERAL HAIVIILTON AT QUARANTINE.

On Monday evening, the 23d September, 1793, the Hon.
Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury of the United
States, and his lady, arrived at Greenbush opposite to this
city, from the seat of government. As they were supposed
to have been afflicted with the yellow fever then prevalent
in Philadelphia, the city physicians, by request, immediately
visited them, and on their return published the following
certificate :

Albany, September 23, 1793.

This is to certify that we have visited Col. Hamilton and his
lady, at Greenbush, this evening, and that they are appa-
rently in perfect health ; and from every circumstance we
do not conceive there can be the least danger of their convey-
ing the infection of the pestilential fever, at present prevalent
in Philadelphia, to any of their fellow-citizens. (Signed)
Samuel Stringer, W. Mancius, H Woodruff, W. McClallen,
Cornelius Roosa.

In consequence of which on Tuesday morning an order
was granted by the mayor, that Col. Hamilton and lady be
allowed to cross the ferry ; but only after quite a spicy cor-
respondence between the mayor, physicians, and General
Schuyler, whose daughter was Mrs. Hamilton.

Albany County Bible Society.

255

ALBANY COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY.

This institution seems to have been founded in 1810. The
first annual sermon was preached bj the Rev. Samuel Blatch-
ford on the 12th Feb, 1811, in the North Dutch Church. It
was incorporated by act of legislature, passed April 8, 1811.
The managers named in the charter were Rev. John M.
Brtidford, Rev. William Neill, Rev. Samuel Blatchford, Har-
manus Bleecker, John Stearns, John H. Wendell, Stephen
Yan Rensselaer, Philip Van Rensselaer, Rev. Eliphalet Nott,
Abraham Van Vechten, John Woodworth, Douw Fonda,
Rev. John JMcJimpsey, Rev. Frederick Gr. Mayer. On the
6th February, 1814, a sermon was preached by Dr. Nott in
the North Dutch Church, in aid of the funds of the society,
when a collection of S-71 was taken. The society has been
in operation nearly 39 years, during which time the following
ministers have preached the annual sermon by appointment :

Samuel Blatchford 1811

Eliphalet Nott 1812

J. M. Bradford 1813

William Neill 1814

Alexander Proudfit 1815

JohnDe Witt 1816

J.M.Bradford 1817

John Chester 1818

A. J. Stanshurv 1819

Joseph Shaw ." 1820

Thomas McAuley 1821

Walter Monteath 1822

Henry R. Weed 1823

John Ludlow 1824

James Martin 1825

James Christie 1826

Isaac Ferris 1827

Henry R. Weed 1828

Mark Tucker 1829

E. D. Griffin 1830

The whole number of Bibles circulated since the formation
of the society appears, by the report of 1849, to haye been

William B. Sprague . . .

. 1831

James R. Wilson

. 1832

William Lochead

1833

J. N. Campbell

. 1834

William James

. 1835

E N. Kirk

. 1836

Edwin Holmes

1837

Thomas E. Yermilyea .

. 1838

I. N. Wyckoff

1839

Ezra Huntincrton

1840

William B. Sprague. . .

1841

Edward D. Allen

1843

Noah Levings . .

1843

Duncan Kennedy

1844

W. H. Campbell

1845

Henry N. Pohlman

1846

William B. Sprague . . . .

1847

Allen Steele

1848

J. N. Campbell

1849

Benjamin N. Martin . . . .

1850

256 A Price Current of Goods.

15,147 ; of Testaments, 20,757. The number of Bibles dis-
tributed gratuitously during the year 1848, was 465 ; Testa-
ments, 680. The number sold during that year was 242
Bibles, 1,342 Testaments. The amount of receipts into the
treasury during that year was $1,532.77. The whole amount
contributed to the American Bible Society by this institution
in thirty-eight years, was $15,638.98.

A PRICE CURRENT OF GOODS, .

Usually imported at London from Albany — July, 1750.

Beaver coat, per lb 4s 9d to 5s

Beaver parchment, per lb 4s 9d to 5s

Indian dressed deer skins, per lb 2s 6d to 2s 3d
Deer skins in the hair, per

skin, about , 6s or 7s

Bear skins, per skin 15s to 16s or 17s

Raccoons, do about Is 9d

Cats, do 3s to 3s 6d

Otters, do ...*. ,.. 7s to 8s

Grey foxes, do 2s 3d to 2s 6d

Red foxes, do 3s 6d to 4s

Martins, do about 3s 4d

Fishers, do 7s 6d to 8s

Wolves, do about 8s 6d

Musquash, do 6d to 9d

Minks, do about 2s 6d

Tar, perbbl lis to 12s

Turpentine, per cwt 10s to lis

Ancient Commerce of Albany. 257

ANCIENT COMMERCE OF ALBANY.

It has been the custom with fancy scribblers, since the
triumph of steam, to amuse the public with vuMdh. facetise at
the expense of the honest zeevaarderen who were wont to
navigate the Hudson in the last century, till the youngsters
of this day have become pretty thoroughly imbued with the
idea that the ancient commerce of the river is only worth
remembering for the amusement it affords in that way. The
real character of the old skippers ought to be rescued from
such imputations, and their sturdy, honest enterprise placed
in its true light. We give below the manifest of the sloop
Olive Branch, Captain Abraham Bloodgood, as a sample of
what was occasionally done in the way of distant voyages
before the Revolution. Capt. Bloodgood is still remembered
by some of the older citizens,* as are also most of the con-
signors, the memory of whom will be singularly enough
awakened by this article. The original account of sales of
this voyage, from which we copy, is in the possession of Mr.
Robert H. Waterman of this city. It affords a very interest-
ing diary of the success of the adventure to Antigua and St.
Christopher's with a very curiously assorted cargo of Albany
merchandise, consisting of flour, herrings, horses, one negro
man, and a great variety of the produce of this latitude; in
exchange for which he brought back eighty-one pounds of
cotton, a much rarer article then than now, some cash, and
much rum.

Account Sales of the Sloop Olive Branch, in a Voyage to the West
Indies from New York, commencing Nov. M, 1770.
Sold at Antigua, viz :

One ton of Flour, the property of Henry Van Ranslar,
weigliing Nt. 30C. Iqr. 41b — sold for 21s. pr. C. — sold
to Messrs. Paterson & Hartshorn, £31 16 03

* He was the grandfather of Simeon De Witt Bloodgood, late of this city, and
resided in the vicinity of the Fort Orange Hotel. He superintended the build-
ing of that house for Simeon De Witt, the surveyor-general, while the latter
was absent from the city. The original Fort Orange Hotel, it is well known,
occupied the site of the old fort of that name, which stood opposite the Steam
Boat Landing. It fell a victim to the great fire of August, 1848. The Susque-
hanna rail road oflace occupies its site.

258 Ancient Commerce of Albany,

One ton ditto, the property of John Stevenson weighing,
Nt. 30C. Oqr lOilb— sold for 21s. 3d. pr C— Mr.
John Lindsay, £32 05 11

Sold one ton ditto, the property of. Richard Van Zant,
weighing 27C. Oqr. 191b, for 2l8. pr. C. — Patterson
and Hartshorn, 29 02 09

One ton ditto the property of Jane Van Houser, weigh-
ing 32C. Oqr. 151b— sold for 21s pr C— Mr. John
Lindsay, , . . . .

One ton ditto the property of Doctr. Samuel Stringer,
weighing 31C. Iqr. 141b.— sold for 21s. 3d. pr. C— Mr.
John Lindsay, 33 16 02

One ton ditto, the property of Nicholas Cuyler, weigh-
ing 27 C. 2qr. 01b. — sold for on an average, a 2l8. 6d.
pr C. — different people, 29 11 03

One ton ditto, the property of Peter Silvester, Esqr., 2

barr's, wg 355 Nt. a 24s 4 05 02

1 barr. ditto, sold wg 1901b. Nt a 21s 2 01 02

13 barr. ditto, wg. 248 Nt. a 2l8 26 01 05

£223 04 07

Sales of Fish, viz :

14 barrs. Herring, the property of Col. Philip Schuyler —

sold a 12s— sold to Bustie Ent\\atch, Esqr £8 08 00

1 barr. do— sold Mr. Carr 1 00 00

10 barrs. do, the property of Henry and RobertLansingh,

a 12s.— Entwich, Esq 6 00 00

20 barrs. do., the property ef ditto, sold Mr. John Rose, a

20s 20 00 00

3i barrs ditto, the property of do., sold a 20. — Mr. Carr. 3 10 00

£38 18 00

Sales of Staves, viz :
7050 Nt. Thd. Staves the property of self and comp'y, a

£8pr. M. £62 16 00

32 Ducks, sold a 33s. pr. doz'n 4 08 00

2 Turkeys, « 7s 0 14 00

3 1-2 Bushels of Pease, a 9s 1 11 06

18 Pine Plank, « 2s. 6d 2 05 00

15 Ditto Boards, a Is. 6d 1 02 06

An Horse Arning, ■ . . . 1 10 00

11 empty water casks, a 8s. 3d 4 10 09

10 Caggs Pease sold for Mrs. Lynot 3 00 00

10 ditto do., for do 2 10 00

2 ditto do., for do 0 05 06

2 ditto do., for do 0 10 00

3 barrs. of Apples sold for Isaac Van Volkenberg, a 248. 3 12 00

2 ditto, do. for do. a 20s 2 00 00

2 ditto, do. for do. « 7s. 6d w... • 0 15 00

20 Geese sold for ditto, a 5s 5 00 00

Ancient Commerce of Albany. 259

1 ditto sold for do. a 4. 6d £ 0 04 06

2 brrs. Apples, sold for William Salsberry , 2 08 00

2 ditto, do. for do a 12s ' 1 04 00

2 ditto, do. for do. a 12s 1 04 00

1 ditto do. for do 1 00 00

30 bunches of Onions, sold for Mr. Alex. Mac Lean, add. 1 02 06

2 hhds. ditto, sold for ditto 4 09 00

11 Bunches ditto, sold for ditto, a7d 0 06 05

1 Hhd. do. for do. 122 Bunches, a Qd 3 01 00

1 Hhd. do. for do, 113 do. a 7d 3 06 00

150 strings sold at vandue, for do. loose onions. ...... 0 13 00

6 empty Hhds. for do. a 8s 2 08 00

1 small horse for self and Doctr. Stringer 13 04 00

Sales at St. Chrtstophek's, viz ; —
1 Sorrel horse, the property of William Hunn marked P.

V. Z : 7 00 00

1 small Mare the property of William Pemberton.. ... 14 00 00

1 Bay horse, the property of Francis Vina, marked H. I. , 7 00 00

1 Black horse, the property of John Ross, marked I. L. S . 8 00 00

1 Bay horse, the property of Doctor Sam Stringer, ... 13 00 00

1 Sorrel horse the property of Robert Henery 17 00 00

1 Dark Bay horse, the property of Henry Glen, marked

B. V. B 13 10 00

1 Blackhorse, the property of Mr. Wemp, marked P.M., 14 15 00

1 Black horse, the property of Abraham Bloodgood. ... 14 00 00

2 horses, the property of Abraham Tenbrook, marked I .

D. &. A. T. B '. 39 16 00

1 Negroe Man, the property of Mr. Staats, 51 00 00

Total, £591 01 09

Jletums from the West Indias, yiz :
19 Hogsheads Rum for James Bloodgood & Comp'y 0.

B., containing 2053 gal « 2s 6d £256 22 06

Hhd's to contain the aboye Rum 21 07 06

12 Barr's Limes for do 6 08 00

Cash received at Antigua for freight, 15 10 00

9 Hhd's Rum for Sundry Shippers, pr. their several

accounts, 145 17 00

81 lb Cotton, « 6d 2 0100

£447 16 00

These ventures to the "West Indies seem to have been more
common to Lansingburgh and Hudson, after the war of the
revolution, than to Albany, from the fact that the editor of
the Albany Gazette, in 1790, marvelled that the citizens of
Albany should remain inactiye spectators while their neigh-

260 Ancient Commerce of Albany.

bors on the north and the south were " participating in all the
blessings of this valuable trade." As an instance in the com-
merce of Lansingburgh, it was announced that the sloop
Arabia, Capt. Johnson, which sailed for the West Indies in
June, had sailed again in October on her second voyage
thither, with a valuable cargo.

On the 12th of April, 1791, it was mentioned as a con-
gratulatory event that 40 sail of vessels had arrived at this
port in one day, or passed it for Troy and Lansingburgh ;
that 18 vessels, of which 16 were of from 40 to 80 tons lay
at the port of Lansingburgh, and that the sloop Nancy had
performed a trip from thence to New York and back in seven
days. In November of the same year it was again announced
as an, extraordinary occurrence, that 42 vessels of from 40 to
100 tons, principally above 70, were at anchor in the port
of Albany.

Among other feats of sloop navigation in those days, we are
told that Capt. William Van Ingen, of the sloop Cincinnati,
sailed from Albany on the 5th December, 1794, and arrived
at New York on the 9th; disposed of his cargo, took in a
valuable freight, and returned to this port on the 16th. The
navigation had then been uninterrupted for nine months, and
was still unimpeded by ice.

The examples of speedy voyages, which were boasted of in
the last century, read a little oddly now, but yet the sloops,
under a good wind, were an over match for the steamboats
for a long time after the latter made their appearance on the
river. In the year 1794, one Col. Wm. Colbreath, sheriff
of Herkimer, left this city on Sunday morning, on a sloop
for New York, and returned on Thursday afternoon, the
11th, having performed the journey in a little more than four
days, including a day and a half he was in New York. The
feat was perhaps as much a matter of wonder and admiration,
as when the steam boat had been so much improved as to
make the passage from New York to Albany in 24 hours.

In the early days of the steam boat, Christian Miller
being in New York with his son, William C, then a lad,
and being desirous of getting home speedily to attend to
business, put his son aboard a sloop, and took the steam boat
himse-lf, the fare of which was then eight dollars. The
sloop fare was but two dollars ] but sloops which carried

Ancient Commerce of Albany. ^61

passengers, and little freight, drew but little water ; and this
one, having the advantage of a strong wind, landed at the
Albany dock before the steam boat.

But the most remarkable of all the expeditions from this
port, was the

Voyage of an Albany Sloop to China.

In the fall of 1785, the sloop Experiment, 80 tons burden,
Capt. Stewart Dean, was fitted out at the port of Albany for
China. It was very properly considered a hazardous voyage
for so small a craft. She was laden with an assorted cargo,
for a regular trading expedition, and was the second adven-
ture from the United States to Canton. She left New York
on the 18th December, and was absent eighteen months.
Her return trip was made in four months and twelve days,
with a cargo consisting principally of teas and nankins.
Several pieces of costly damask silk were also brought to
order, or for family gifts. One of the heir-looms in the family
of a descendant of the mate of the Experiment, residing in
Schenectady, is a dress, made of the silk referred to, in the
fashion of that day. Capt. Dean also brought home thirteen
sets of China ware, to order, for such families as could afford
and thought proper to indulge in such luxuries. These
articles were so much valued that they have passed from
mothers to daughters, down to the present time ; and, though
much broken and scattered, are objects of curiosity, not only
from the associations connected with this singular voyage,
but as showing the form and style of China ware sixty years
ago. A set which belonged to Capt. Johnson, a revolutionary
veteran, whose house stood with its gable to the street, on
the corner of South Pearl and Howard streets, where the
Centre Market now stands, was divided among his descend-
ants. One set, however, has been preserved nearly complete,
and is in the possession of Mrs. Abraham Ten Eyck, in
Broadway. These sets being mostly brought to order, had
the initials of the owners' names gilded upon each piece.

It was matter of surprise to the hatives and Europeans in
those seas, to see so small a vessel arrive from a clime so
remote from China, and gave them an exalted conception of
the enterprise of the citizens of the United States. At some
of the ports where the Experiment touched, it is said that

262

Ancient Commerce of Albany.

she was atl object of alafm to tlie inhabitants, who mistook
her for a tender to a fleet of men-of-war. She returned to
New- York on Sunday, April 22, 1787, without the loss of a
man during the voyage. On her arrival she was visited by
at least two-thirds of the citizens, it is said ) very few of
whom had expected her return.

Capt. Dean made several voyages to China subsequently,
when the famous merchant Howqua formed so favorable an
opinion of him that he was accustomed to send over a chest
of black tea occasionally for the captain, long after the latter
had discontinued his voyages. Capt. Dean died in New
York, a few years since, aged 85, at the house of Mr. Ro-
derick Sedgwick.

It is mentioned about this time that a sloop of 40 tons
had twice visited the Cape of Good Hope without loss, which
was considered the most difl&cult and dangerous part of the
route to China.

It was on one of the Hudson river sloops that Alexander
Hamilton wrote the outline of his papers, in The Federalist ^
while on atrip to Albany.

The first vessel that sailed to China from the por<t of New
York, was the Empress of China. Qapt. Greene, who sailed
Feb. 22, 1784.

First Practical Steam Boat, 1807.

Freeholders in 1720.

263

A LIST OF THE FREEHOLDERS OF THE CITY AND
COUNTY OF ALBANY. 1720.i

FIRST WARD.

Evert Wendell
Jno Dunbar
Harmanis Wendell
Peter Van Brugh
Joliannis Schuyler
Antoney Van Schaick
Mindert Schuyler
Antoney Vanschaick Snor
Robert Livingston Junr
Tho: Williams
Coonrodt Tennyck
Joseph Yates Junr
Jacob Roseboom
Jacob Staats
John Rosie
Wm . Hogan
Johannis Van Alen
Jacob Lansen
Baltis Van Bentheusen
Hamianis Ryckman
Fred. Mindertsen
Daniell Kelly
Johannis Vandenberg
Joseph Vansante
Joseph Yeats Snor
Winant Vanderpoel
John Kidney
Mindert Lansen
Obediah Cooper "*■
Johannis Vansante
Matthews Flantsburgh
Tobias Ryckman

Peter Ryckman
Wm. Hilton
Johannis De Garmoe
Claes Van Woort
Henry Holland
John Collins
Hend : Halenbeek
Peter Gramoe
Johannis Ratclif
Luykas Hooghkirck
Hendrick Oothout
Nicolas Winegaert
Cornells Vandyke
Johannis Lansen
Luykas Winegaert
Ryert Gerritse
Gose Van Schaick
Barent Egbertsen
Bastian Visser
Antony Bregardes
Thomas Wendell
Johannis Tenbroeck
Antoney Coster
Danl. Flantsburgh
Johannis Beekman
Johannis Wendell Jimr
Antoney Van Schaick Junr
Philip Livingston
Jacob Beekman
Rev. Thomas Barclay
David Grewsbeck
Stephanis Grewsbeck

Johannis Cuyler
Nicos: Bleeker
Abram : Cuyler
Warner Van Ivera

SECOND WARD.

Reyner Mindertsen
Barent Sanders
Wm. Grewsbeck
Guisbert Marselis

1 See Documentary History of New York, Vol. i, page 370.

264

Freeholders in 1720.

Herpert Jacobsen
Arent Pruyn
Johaunis Mingaell
Johannis Hansen
Seibolet Brigardes
David Van Dyke
Johannis Vinliagen
Abram Kip

Cornelis Schermerhorn
Hendrick Tennyck
Johannis Beekman Snor
Gerrit Lansen -
Issack Kip
Nanning Visser
Hendrick Roseboom
Mindert Roseboom
Andries Nach

Jan : Janse Bleeker
Johannis Bleecker
Christofell Yeats
Phillip WendeU
Jan Lansen
Gerrit Roseboom
Cornelis Van Scherline
Johans : Evertse Wendell
Abram : Lansen
Johannis Roseboom
John Hogan
Johannis Visser
Benj. Egbertsen
Johannis Grewsbeck
Claes Funda
Wm. Jacobsen

THIRD WAED.

Isaac Funda
Samuell Babington
Gerrit Van Ness
Albert Rjckman
Cornelis Borghaert
Johannis Hun
Phillip Van Vechten
Lenord Gansivoort
Jan : Evertsen
Evert Janse
Jacob Evertse
Jno : Solomonse
Hendrick Hansen
Abram : Schuyler
Derrick Brat
Johannis Van Ostrande
Johannis Evertsen
Tunis Egbertsen
Derrick Tenbroeck
David Schuyler
Win ant Vandenbergh
Take! Derrickse
Johannis Backer
Thomas Long

John Gerritse
Elbert Gerritse
Issac Borghaert
Cornelis Maasse
Jan Maasse
Barnt Brat

Jacob Borghaert Junr
Jacob Visser
Jacobus Luykasse

Winegaert
Johannis Pruyn
Wessell Tenbroeck
Peter Winne
Jacob Muller
Johannis Muller
Samll : Pruyn
Reuben Ven Vechten
Cornlis Switzs
Guisbert Vandenbergh
Teirck Harminse Visser
Tunis Brat
Peter Walderom
Rutger Bleecker
Harpert Vandeusen

SCHONECTADY.

Jonathan Stevens Adam Vroman

William CoppernoU Phillip Schuyler

Claes Frause David Le^vis

Teirck Franse Mindert Guisling

Yellous Fonda Peter Quacumbus

Freeholders in 1720.

265

Abram Meebe
Benj. Van Vlack
Marte Powlisse
Harma Van Slyck
Sanders Gelon
Evert Van Eps
Arent Van Petten
John Weemp
Simon Switzs
Jacob Switzs
Mindert Weemp
Arent Brat

Hendrick Vrooman Junr
Harmanis Vedder
Dow Aukus
Johannis Mindertsen
Adam : Smith
Abram Trueax
Rob : Yeats
Abram : Lytliall
Assweris Marselis
Abram : Groot
Hendrick Vroman Snor
Wouter Vroman
Jno. Baptist Van Epps
Derrick Brat
Jan Barentse Wemp
Barent Vroman
Jan Vroman
Gerrit Van Brackell
Arent Danilse
Simon Vroman
Lawrence Chase
Cornlis Vander Volgen .
Abram De Grave
Daniell Danielse
Cornelis Footman
Sam : Hagardoring '
Guisbert Van Brakell
Volkert Simonse
Jacob Schermerhorn
Jacobus Vandyke
Helmes Vedder
Arnout De Grave

Johannis Teller
Albert Vedder
Derrick Groot
Gerrit Simonse
Yealons Van Vost
Victore Pootman
Jan Delemont
Caleb Beck
Nicholas Schuyler
Johannis Gelen
Jacob Gelen
Jesse De Grave
Carle Hanse Toll
Daniell Toll
William Marrinas
Arent Schennerhorn
Esays Swaert
Johannis Vroman
Andries De Grave
Joseph Clament
John Bumstead
Harma Phillipse
Jereme Thickstone
Jacob Van Olinda
Arent Vedder
Peter Vroman
Daniell Janse
Peter Danielse
Jan Danielse
Jan Meebe
Johannis Peek
Jacobus Peek
Claes Van Petten
Cornelis Van Slyck
Marte Van Slyck
Cornelis Feele
Arnout Brat Junr
Johannis Vedder
Tunis Vander Volgen
Claes Van Petten
Andries Van Petten
Jan Schermerhorn
Wouter Swaert
Arent Pootman

KENDEKHOOK AND PAKT MANNOR OF LIVINGSTON.

Jochim Van Valkenburgh
Isaac Fansborough
Casper Rouse
Peter Van Alen

23

Lamert Huyck
Burger Huyck
Johannis Huyck
Derrick Gardineer

266

Freeholders in 1720.

Peter Van Slyck
Jno : Gardineer
Evert Wider
Derrick Goea
Peter Fausburgli
Peter Van Buren
Jno : Goes
Mattias Goes
Luykas Van Alen
Jacobus Van Alen
Evert Van Alen
Johannis Vandeusen
Cornells Schermerhorn
Johannis Van Alen
Gerrit Dingmans

Bartlemeus Van Valkenbnrgli
Thomas Van Alstine
Coonrodt Burgaert
Stephanis Van Alen
John Burgaert
Abram : Van Alstine
Lawrence Van Schauk
Elias Van Schauk
Jurie Klaime
Guisbert Scherp
Lawrence Scherp
Hendrick Clawe
Lamert Valkenburgh
Melgert Vanderpool
Lenord Conine

THE NORTH PABT OP THE MANNOH OF LIVINGSTON.

Robert Livingston Esqr
Peter Colle
Killian Winne
Jan Emmerick Plees
Hans Sihans
Claes Bruise
Jonat : Rees
Coonrodt Ham
Coonrodt Schureman
Johannis Pulver
Bastian Spikerman
Nicolas Smith
Baltis Auspah
Jno : Wm : Simon

Hanse Jurie Prooper
Abram Luyke
Broer Decker
Jurie Decker
Nicolas Witbeck
Johannis Uldrigh
ffitz : Muzigh
Coonrod Kelder
David Hooper
Gabriell Broose
Solomon Schutt
Jacob Stover
Johanis Roseman
Nicos : Styker

CLAVERACK.

Tobias Tenbroeck
Cornells Mulder
Cornlis Esselstine
Jeremias Mulder
Derrick Hogoboom
Cornells: Huyck
Isaac Vandusen
Jno : Hoose
George Sidnem
Richard Moor
John Hardyck
Hendr : Van Salsbergen
Jacob Van Hoosem
Kasper Van Hoosem
Jan Van Hoosem
Saml Tenbroeck
Peter Hogoboom
Rob : Van Deusen

Casper Conine

Frank Hardyke

Johannis Van Hoosem

John Bout

Wm : Halenbeck

Johannis Coole

John Rees

Wm: Rees

Johannis Scherp

Andries Rees

Ghondia Lamafire

Hendrick Whitbeck

Jurie Fretts

Hendrick Lodowick

Jacob Eswin

Jurie Jan

Cloude Lamatere

Nicos : Vanduse Cats Kills.

Freeholders in 1720.

267

COXHACKY AKD CATS KILLS.

Mindert Scbut
Wessell Tenbroeck
Wm : Leflferrese
Helme Janse
Saml Van Vechten
Gerrit Van berghen
Marte Van berghen
Frank Salisbury
Jno Brunk
Minkas Van Schauk
John Albertse
Arent Van Schauk
Michael Collier
Comelis Van Wormer

Johannis Halenbeek
Casper Halenbeek
Jan Van Loan
Albert Van Loan
Jno : Van Loan Junr
Abram : Provoost
Jacob Halenbeek
Jno : Casperse
Coonrodt Hotlen
Philip Conine
Jno : Vanhoosem
Lenord Brunk
Peter Brunk
Isaac Spoor

CANASTIGONIE.

Jno : Quacmnbus
Jno : ffoort
Jacob Pearse
Derrick Brat
Maes Rycksen
Evert Rycksen
Gerrit Rvcksen
Nicholas Van Vranken
Lapion Kanfort
Comelis Christianse

Eldert Timonse
Jno : Quakenboes Jnnr
Peter Ouderkerk
Jacob Cluit
John Cluit
Frederick Cluit
Saml : Creeger
Derrick Takelsen
Mattias Boose Snor
Johannis Christianse

HALF MOON.

Jacobus Van Schoonhoven
Evert Van Ness
TDaniell Fort
Corn'ls Vanburen
Conelis Van Ness
Isaac Ouderkerk
Lavinus Harminse
Tunis Harminse

Winant Vandenbergh
Roolif Gerritse
Hendrick Roolifse
Jno : De Voe
Daniell Van Olinda
Eldert Ouderkerk
Cornells Vandenbergh

8CHAATK00KE.

Saml Doxie Martin Delamon

Curset Fether Lewis Fele

Johannis Knickbacker Daniell : Ketlyne

Derrick Van Vechten Peter Winne

Johannis De Wandelaer Adrian Quacumbus

Simon Danielse Abram Fort

268

Freeholders in 1720.

COLLONEY RENSELAEKS WYCK.

Wouter Barheyt
Joliannis Valkenburgh
Jno : Barheyt
Isaac Van Alstine
Jacob Scherinerliorn
Jacob Scliermerhorn Jr
Johns : Ouderkerk
Claes Gardineer
Andries Gardinier
Hend : Valkenburgh
Jacob Valkenburgh
Andries Huyck
Maes Van Buren
Corn'lis Van Vechten
Jonat : Witbeek
Martin Vanburen
Barent Geritse
Jan Witbeek
Jonas Dow
Andries Dow
Folcort Dow
Jno. Van Vechten
Gerrit Lansen
Volcort Van Vechten
Melgert Vandeuse
Rut Vendeuse
Tho: Witbeek
Luykas Witbeek
Solomon Van Vechten
Cap : Hendrick Van

Renselaer
Philip F'oreest
Martin Van Alstine
Albert Roolifse
Marte Van Alstine Junr
Jno : Funda
Derrick Vanderhyden
Gerrit Vandenbergh
Albert Brat
Cornells Van Alstine _
Johns : Wendell

Jan : Van Alstyne
Adrian Oothout
Peter Coyeman
Barent Staats
Andries Coyeman
Samuell Coyeman
Jno : Witbeek
Coonrod Hooghteeling
Storm Backer
Jno : Backer
Hendrick Van Wyen
Wm : Van Alen
Daniell Winne
Gerrit Van Wie
Jan Van Wie
Gerrit Vandenbergh
Hendr : Dow
Albert Singerlant
Evert Banker
Wouter Vanderse
Killian Vanderse
Johannis Appel
Peter Husyele
Derrick Hagodoru
Andries Brat
Storm Brat
Ome Legrange
Johns : Legrange
Johonnis Simonse
Nicos : Grewsbeek
Jno : Oothout
Mindert Marselis
Jacob Lansen
Abram Ouderkerk
Peter Schuyler Esqr
Abram Wendell
William Ketlyne
Frans Pryn
Jaac Falkenburgh
Claes Bovie
Phillip Wendell

Pursuant to an Order of Court of Judicature held for the Pro-
vince of New York on the Eleventh Day of June 1720, Directed to
Gerrit Vanschaick high Sherif of the City and County of Albany ;
A Returne of the free holders of the said City and County.

Gerret Vanschaijck Sheriff

Description of Albany in 1823. 269

DESCRIPTION OF ALBANY IN 1823.

BY HORATIO GATES SPAPFORD, li.L, D.

Albany city, the capital of the state of New York, and of
the county of Albany, is situated on the west bank of Hudson
river, near the head of tide water, 144 miles north of the city
of New York, 30 miles north of Hudson, 6 miles south of
Troy, and 15 about southeast from Schenectady. In wealth,
population, trade, and resources, it is next in rank to the city
of New York, in this state, and takes about the sixth or
seventh rank among the principal towns in the United States.
The city of Albany, agreeably to the charter, is one mile wide
on the river, and extends due northwest to the north line of
the manor of Rensselaer, holding its width of one mile, and
is about 13 J miles long, the right of soil of which is the
absolute property of the corporation in perpetuity. It is
bounded northerly by the township of Watervliet, and by
the county of Schenectady; southerly by Guilderland and
Bethlehem ; easterly by the Hudson or the county of Rens-
selaer : and, with the small exception noticed below, the
boundaries have never been altered from the original charter,
granted in 1686. The area is about 7,160 acres, which also
constitutes a township, for all the purposes of civil govern-
ment. Of this extent, only a small proportion is under popu-
lous improvement, or any kind of cultivation, the western
part having a sterile clay or sandy soil, principally in wood,
while the compact population is immediately on the margin
of the Hudson. To the stranger, the situation of Albany is
seldom thought pleasing; for the ground is singularly uneven,
and there is a peculiar dissonance of taste in the plan of the
city, as well as in the style of its architecture. A low alluvial
flat extends along the river, and in the rear of this rises the
river-hill, abruptly, to near the height of the plain which
extends to Schenectady. This flat is from 15 to 100 rods
wide; and the hill, which is composed of alternate strata of
fine blue clay and silicious sand, though deeply gullied by

STO Description of Albany in 1823.

some small water- courses, rises, within half a mile of the
river in the direction of State street, till it gains an elevation
of 163 feet; thence, for another half mile, the ascent is about
60; making about 220 feet above the level of the river, in
the distance of one mile.

The principal streets of Albany are parallel with the river,
except State street, a spacious and central one that extends
from the Hudson to the Capitol, being nearly east and west,
with several others, less considerable, intersecting the main
streets nearly at right angles. South Market, formerly Court
street, extends from the Ferry, at the southern extremity of
the compact part and near the south bounds of the city to
State street, and has a large share of population and business.
North Market street opens opposite this, and extends from
State street to the northern bounds of the city, and near to
the Mansion House of Major General Stephen Van Rens-
selaer. These streets thus extend through the city nearly
parallel with the Hudson, between which there are several
other streets, less extensive, as Dock street. Quay street, &c.,
populous, principally occupied with store houses, shops, &c.
State street extends from the river in a narrow avenue to the
open area at the meeting of North and South Market streets,
where it opens to the liberal width of 150 to 170 feet, and ex-
tends 1,900 feet to the Capitol, with an average ascent of 6J
feet in 100. The Public Square, an open space of liberal ex-
tent, spreads a handsome area on the east side of the Capitol ;
and from the centre of this, Washington street, spacious and
level, extends westward in a right line on a commanding plain,
to the junction of the Great Western turnpikes. These streets
have been laid out in a style which may be characterized as
modern in Albany, being straight and spacious. North Pearl
street extends north from State street to the northern extrem-
ity of the city, just on the brow of the river-hill, and next
west of North Market street : and South Pearl, formerly
Washington street, opens on the south side of State street,
opposite North Pearl street, extending south to the south
bounds of the city, ranging just at the foot of the river-hill.
Between this and South Market street, there are several
other streets, and a compact population, crowded, on the
North towards State street, but thin in the southern part
where South Pearl street diverges westward from the river,

Description of Albany in 1823. 271

between which lie the grounds formerly denominated the
Pasture, from their being appropriated to grazing. The flats
here were originally subject to annual inundation, and though
recently raised some feet, are now hardly above high-water
mark. North and South Market streets are the most popu-
lous and rich, and do by far the most business. But, through
the compact population on each side of State street, other
streets extend from the hill to the river, parallel to State
street, which are closely built, and contain many very valu-
able brick houses and stores; these are intersected by others
also in opposite directions, a bare enumeration of which would
be useless and uninteresting, while it would swell this article
far beyond the limits assigned to it.

The position of Albany was first chosen by a commercial
people, for a military post, that should extend the trade with
the [ndians, and give to that trade a better security and
character. Here seemed the head of the tide, and sloop
navigation; and here the adventurers found a good ship-
channel so close in with the shore as to save docking, — and
a fertile intervale of low and rich alluvion, where they erected
a stockade to guard against surprise by the Indians. This
was about 1614.

This establishment was on the bank of the river, in what
has since been called the Pasture, immediately above the
Steam-Boat Dock. About 1623 it was enlarged, better stock-
aded, and called Fort Orange, according to the best accounts.
A later work was erected on the river-hill, in a more com-
manding position, but retained the same name, except in a
very limited circle, where it was called Williamstadt, till
1664, when the whole country passed into the hands of the
English, who gave the present name in compliment to the
Duke of York and Albany, then lord proprietor.

The charter of Albany, incorporating " the ancient settle-
ment there as a city," was granted in 1686, a few months
previous to that of New York, and Albany has now the oldest
charter of any city in the United States.

The plan of this city, the style of its public and private
works, with the whole character of its police and municipal
regulations, are much improved within the last twenty years.
Originally, the inhabitants had to consult present conve-
nience, rather than taste and future elegance, more congenial

272 Description of Albany in 1823.

too with the Dutch character; though if Yankee, or Anglo-
American ostentation, enjoying the ease and luxury of opu-
lence and progressive improvement, reproach with parsimony
the ancient character of the inhabitants of Albany, a just
discrimination may find the happy medium, perhaps, some-
where between these extremes of national character. A
Dutch purse, talk as we may about parsimony, contracted
views, want of taste, &c., &c., is yet a very good thing with
which to embellish an estate, or a town. The corporation of
this city was formerly rich, but it became lavish, if not pro-
digal, though aiming, perhaps, only at liberality and public
spirit, and it is now poor, and involved in debt. Many
improvements have been made, but in doing this it is now
felt that they have been rather in a style of extravagance,
in which the good people have been paying " too dear for
their whistle^' " Pride was not made for man,^' or rather,
too much of it, any more than for cities, or communities.
Property in Albany is very much depreciated in value, by
the imposition of taxes, to pay for past follies. But let us
look at its public buildings and works.

The Capitol, or State House, erected for the use of the
legislature, certain ofl&cers of state, the higher courts, &c.,
was in part designed, also, for city officers, and erected in
part at the expense of the city. The whole expense exceeds
^120,000, $34,000 of which was paid by the city. This
building stands at the head of State street, adjoining the
public square, and on an elevation of 130 feet above the level
of the Hudson. It is a substantial stone building, faced
with freestone taken from the brown sandstone quarries on
the Hudson below the Highlands. The east front, facing
State street, is 90 feet in length; the north, 115 feet; the
walls are 50 feet high, consisting of 2 stories and a basement
story of 10 feet. The east front is adorned with a portico of
the Ionic order, tctrastile ; the columns, 4 in number, are
each 3 feet 8 inches in diameter, 33 feet in height exclusive
of the entablature which supports an angular pediment, in
the tympanum of which is to be placed the arms of the
State. The columns, pilasters, and decorations of the door
and windows, are of white or gray marble, from Berkshire
county in Massachusetts. The north and south fronts have
each a pediment of 65 feet base, and the doors are decorated

Description of Albany in 1823.

273

with columns and angular pediments of freestone. The ascent
to the hall at the east or principal front, is by 15 stone steps.
48 feet in length. This hall is 58 feet in length, 40 feet in

Capitol of the State.

width, and 16 in height, the ceiling of which is supported
by a double row of reeded columns; the doors are finished
with pilasters and open pediments ; the floor vaulted, and
laid with squares of Italian marble, diagonally, chequered
with white and gray. From this hall, the first door on the
right hand opens to the Common Council Chamber of the
corporation of Albany; opposite this, on the left, is a room
for the Executive and Council of Revision. On the right,
at the west end of the hall, you enter the Assembly Chamber,
which is 56 feet long, 50 wide, and 28 in height. The
speaker's seat is in the centre of the longest side, and the
seats and table for the members are arranged in front of it,

274 Description of Albany in 1823.

in a semicircular form. It has a gallery opposite the speaker's
seat, supported by 8 antique fluted Ionic columns ; the frieze,
cornice, and ceiling-piece (18 feet diameter), are richly
ornamented in stucco. From this hall, on the left, you are
conducted to the Senate Chamber, 50 feet long, 28 wide, and
2^ feet high, finished much in the same style as the Assembly-
Chamber. In the furniture of these rooms, with that of the
Council of Revision, there is a liberal display of public muni-
ficence, and the American eagle assumes an imperial splen-
dor. There are two other rooms on this floor, adjoining those
first mentioned, which are occupied as lobbies to accommo-
date the members of the legislature.

From the west end, in the centre of the hall, you ascend
a staircase that turns to the' right and left, leading to the
Galleries of the Senate and Assembly Chambers, and also to
the Supreme Court Room, which is immediately over the
hall : its dimensions are 50 feet in length, 40 in breadth,
and 22 in height. This room is handsomely ornamented in
stucco. An entresole or mezzazine story, on each side of
the Court Room, contains four rooms for jurors and the uses
of the courts.

The attis story contains a Mayor's Court Room, a room
for the Society of Arts, for the State Library, and the State
Board of Agriculture. The basement story contains the
County Clerk's Office, cellars and vaults for storage, and
dwelling rooms for the Marshal of the city. In the Com-
mon Council Room, there are portraits of some distinguished
Americans, — and before revising this article, I took some
pains, without success, to look at, so that I could at least
enumerate them. In the Assembly Chamber, there is an
admirable full length portrait of Washington, by Ames, of
Albany, and in the Senate Chamber, one of George Clinton,
unrivalled in faithfulness, and unexcelled in execution.
The walls of these chambers are hung with maps, and I very
lately had occasion to regret the difficulty of gaining access
to th. m.

This building is roofed with a double-hip, or pyramidal
form, upon the centre of which is erected a circular cupola,
20 feet diameter, covered with a domical roof, supported by
8 insulated columns, of the Ionic order, and contains a small
bell for the use of the courts. The centre of the dome sustains

Description of Albany in 1823. 275

a pedestal, on which is placed Themis, facing State street, a
carved figure in wood of 11 feet in height, holding a sword
in her right hand, and a balance in her left.

The Public Square, on the southwest of which stands the
Capitol, has recently been laid out in the style of a Park,
surrounded by a handsome fence, levelled, laid out into walks
and avenues, and planted with shrubbery and trees, the latter
of very diminutive size. - Facing this on the west is Gregory's
Row, a handsome range of well-finished brick buildings,
extending also around the corner and up the south side of
Washington street, on the north side of which there are some
good buildings, and extending northward, facing the Acad-
emy Park. Washington street avenue, across the Public
Square, seems to divide it into two parks, Capitol Park and
Academy Park, separately enclosed, the latter laid out and
planted in the same style as the former. On the northwest
corner of the Public Square, opposite the Capitol, north of
Washington street, stands the Albany Academy, a large and
elegant pile of masonry, faced with the red sandstone of Nyac,
the same as that used in the Capitol. It is truly an elegant
building, in design and execution the most chaste in the city,
though in common with every other it is set rather too much
in the ground, but makes a good appearance and has a com-
manding prospect. I have not time to describe it minutely,
nor does it comport with my plan to do so. It cost the city
$91,802.45, exclusive of the lot on which it is erected, and
a donation to the trustees of the old jail, and lots of ground
on which it was situated. It is three stories in height, has
a front of 90 feet, five teachers, and about 140 students.
The State Hall, erected by the state, for the principal public
offices, is a plain, substantial edifice, two stories and abasement,
situated on the south side of State street, midway between
the Capitol and the Banks. This building accommodates
the principal offices of state, such as the Secretary's, Comp-
troller's, Treasurer's, Surveyor-General's, and the Clerk of
the Supreme Court's offices. The Jail, probably one of the
best constructed in the state, cost the city $40,525.86; and
the Lancaster School House, from a very bad policy, $23,-
918.93 : to this may be added as an item, that the corporation
contracted a debt of $32,000 for the purchase of a site from
the Lutheran Church, for a market. Among the other public

276 Description of Albany in 1823.

buildings, we may notice three banks, and twelve houses
for worship, belonging to Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Lu-
therans, Baptists, Methodists, some Independents and Sece-
ders, and Roman Catholics.

The Arsenal is a large brick edifice, filled with military
stores belonging to the state of New York, situated in the
north part of the city, late Colonic. The City Powder House
stands on the plain at the Washington Square; and a Powder
House, erected in 1811, by the state, at the expense of S3, 000,
stands on an eminence of the plain, near the three mile-stone.
The Alms House is also on the plain, near the Washington
Square, the annual expense of which, with the support of
the poor, is about $8,000.

There are two Ferries, one to Greenbush village, from the
south part, and one to Bath village from the north part, on
the border of Watervliet. From the south or principal
ferry, the docks, or quays, extend north along the river,
nearly one mile, and the street fronting this is pretty com-
pactly built for the most of that distance. Here are usually
seen from 80 to 200 sloops and schooners, with a scene of
activity honorable to the character of the place. The usual
tides at Albany are from one to three or four feet; but varia-
ble according to the wind, and the strength of the current
in the Hudson. To this city, the sloop navigation may be
said to be pretty good.

There are a great many associations for business purposes,
and many literary, charitable, humane, and benevolent socie-
ties, which I have not room to notice, and a Chamber of Com-
merce, Marine Society, &c., &c. There are also an Insurance
Company, and a Savings Bank. The Albany Library, is a
very respectable one, as is the Apprentices' Library, and its
Water Works, for supplying the city with pure and whole-
some water, are entitled to particular consideration. Ames's
Gallery of portraits, Mr. Cook's Reading Room, and the Mu-
seum of Mr. Trowbridge, must not be omitted. The city is
well supplied with printing establishments, having one daily,
three semi-weekly, and two weekly newspapers, and printing
and bookselling business to a great amount. Steamboats run
daily between this city and New York, and there are stages
in abundance, daily, in all directions, for Albany is a great
thoroughfare, and will probably continue such, if nothing

Description of Albany in 182B. ^77

more. The Post-Office is well located, in North Market
street, a little north of State street, near the two Mansion
Houses, hotels, and the Albany, and Mechanics and Farmers'
Banks. There are three Air Furnaces in this city, which
make a very great variety and amount of castingjs ; and there
are many mechanical establishments, in the different trades,
though Albany, in proportion to its wealth and population, is
not conspicuous in the extent of its manufactures, having no
water-power for hydraulic works. The substitution of steam-
power, and the very great importance to such a place, of mills,
factories, &c., seem to have been strangely overlooked.

But let us turn our attention to the Canals, and the great
Basin, from which so much is anticipated at Albany. The
Erie Canal, and the Champlain Canal, having formed a junc-
tion in Watervliet, 8 J miles north of this city, flow on in one
channel, which enters the present city of Albany in the Fifth
ward, late part of Colonie, three fourths of a mile from the
Capitol, where there is a small Basin, and descends to the
Hudson in the rear of the State Arsenal, near the north ferry.
From this place, a Basin is to be made, extending down stream,
on the west side of the river, about 4,000 feet in length, to
Hodge's dock, in the line of Hamilton street. It will em-
brace the west part of the river, extending along in front of
the city, formed by an outer mole of 80 feet in width, and
about 18 in height, on the east side of which there is to be a
street of 25 feet in width. The Basin will be from 80 to 300
feet in width, averaging 10 feet water. It is connected with
the Canal, at the upper end, by a boat lock, and with the
Hudson river at the lower end, by a sloop lock. The works
are rapidly progressing, and are intended to be completed in
1824, being more than half finished. Should the Canal con-
tinue to terminate here, this Basin will doubtless be of great
importance to Albany, but I rather suspect it will ultimately
be extended downward to the head of ship navigation.

The town of Colonie, described in the first edition of my
Grazetteer, in 1813, has since been consolidated or abolished,
the northern part being annexed to Watervliet, and the
southern to Albany, forming the Fifth ward, February 25,
1815. But for this, this good old Dutch city would not have
had its Canal, which does not come within the limits of its

24

278 Description of Albany in 1823.

old charter, thougli the Basin will, and extend almost down
to the first position of Fort Oranu:e, noticed above.

There are many companies of firemen, well regulated, and
well provided with engines and other means of efi"ective ope-
rations. But while a well-timed vigilance guards against
the ravages of the fire of the elements, it were well to check
the destruction arising from that of the tiiind. A deplorable
defect in the system of public guardianship exists somewhere,
and the small groceries and shops that retail ardent and
other spirits are so numerous as to call loudly for reform.

The city of Albany is governed by a Mayor, Recorder,
10 Aldermen, and 10 Assistant Aldermen, denominated in
the laws, "the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty." The
Common Council must consist of 5 aldermen, 5 assistants,
and the mayor or recorder, to be competent to the enacting
of laws. For the better administration of justice, the city is
divided into five wards, each of which elects two aldermen
and two assistants, with such other officers as are found neces-
sary to the purposes of government, including, also, the usual
town officers, such as supervisors, assessors, &c., each ward
being a town, as respects elections, officers, &c. The charter
election is held on the last Tuesday in September, and the town
election, on the day of general town elections in this state.
A large proportion of the houses are of brick, well secured
against fire. The whole number of houses and stores is about
2000. There are also a Mechanic Hall, Uranian Hall, and
sundry school-houses, in addition to the buildings already
enumerated. The shipping, including that annually paying
wharfage in this city, amounts to about 400, principally
sloops, and an immense amount of business is done, principally
with New York, though a good deal with Boston, Philadel-
phia, &c. The shipment of wheat, annually, is probably to
the amount of two to three millions of dollars. Importations,
principally from England, are made to a great amount, in
the dry goods and hardware business, in which are embarked
very great capitals. The Troy Iron and Nail Works, a very
extensive concern, is owned in Albany

The annual expenses of the city amount to about $45,000.
In 1821, the expenditures were 845,614, including $11,168
to commissioners of the city stock; and the receipts for the
same year, $49,507, $14,000 of which was for support of poor

Description of Albany in 1823. 279

and night watch, raised by tax. The city debt amounted to
$250, :M2, for the reduction of which, there was a sinking
ftind of $106,108, $81,000 of which is in city lands. To
these notices it may be proper to add, as an evidence of the
public spirit in which these burdens have been imposed, that
the corporation of Albany, in 1813. publicly offered a reward
ot $1,000, for the discovery of amine of fossil coal, if within
five miles of the navigable waters of the Hudson river, and
of a stratum not less than four feet. The coal to be sure,
has not been discovered, but no one will pretend to say it
never will be, or that such a discovery would not be of im-
mense importance to the city of Albany, and the public.

Mills' Island, in the Hudson, a very large and valuable
one, commencing just below the city, is principally in Beth-
lehem, partly in Albany The principal obstructions to the
navigation of the Hudson below this city, to a free sloop
navigation, are, the bar or bars, or rather the flats, sand-bars,
and narrow channels, called the Overslcigh^ or Ooerslaugh^
in Bethlehem, three miles below, and Winne's Bar, also in
Bethlehem, eight miles. Attempts have been made, and
are still making, to remove these, but not with the success
desired. Should the dam and sloop lock, below Lansingburgh,
prove as beneficial as it is hoped they may, the same means
will probably be resorted to here, for the benefit of Albany
and Troy. The alluvial matter has been steadily increasing
in the Hudson, say from ten or twelve miles below Albany,
ever since the first survey of the river, and it is a perfectly
rational conjecture, that it will continue to increase, and to
multiply the obstructions to navigation.

Albany has a Globe Manufactory, entitled to distinguished
notice, and a Lyceum of Natural History, recently established,
for which it has a room in tlie Academy. The actual dis-
tance between Albany and New York, by land, is only 144
miles, and perhaps no more measured on the ice, but the
sloop channel may still be safely reckoned, as formerly, at
160 miles, or very nearly. This city pays annually $500
towards the support of the Lancaster School, which also
receives $676 from the school fund, and collects about $250
a year for tuition money. The annual expense of this very
excellent school, is about $1400, and the number of scholars
600 to 800 It jvas founded during the mayoralty, and by

280 Description of Albany in 1823.

the exertions of the late Mayor P. S. Van Renssehier, a good
deed for the people, bj a man of good deeds.

Population, in 1820, including the annexation from the
late town of Colouie, 12,630: of this number, there were
employed in agriculture, 75; in commerce and trade, 468;
in manufactures and trades, 909; 288 foreigners not natu-
ralized; 648 free blacks, 109 slaves; taxable property,
$3,970,070; schools, 1, the Lancaster school receiving all
the public moneys, an excellent plan, for populous towns;
public moneys received in 1821, $1,101.98, the school being
kept twelve months in twelve; number of children therein,
in 1821, 685: electors, 2,357; acres of improved land, oc-
cupied, ],515; number of cattle, 654; horses, 653; sheep,
272: yards of cloth made in families in 1821, 1,023: 1
distillery. Albany has no water power for hydraulic works.

The first settlement of this city was made by some Hollanders
about 16P2, and next to Jamestown in Virginia, it is the
oldest settlement in the United States. In 1614, a tempo-
rary fort was erected. Fort Orange was built about 1623.
Albany received its charter in 1686. And it is worthy of
remark that this city was enclosed by stockade defence
against the Indians about 1745, when there were six block-
houses erected, the last of which with the last remaining
vestige of that work, was destroyed by fire in the summer
of 1812.

Albany is situated in north latitude 42° 39', and 73° 13'
west longitude, from the Royal Observatory of England.
Distances from Albany: to the city of New York, 144 miles;
Philadelphia, 234; Washington city, 373; Boston, 171;
Hartford, 92; Quebec, 394; Montreal, 247; Buffalo, by
Utica, by land, 296 ; via Cherry- Valley, 282 ; by the Canal
360 ; to Detroit, 664.

The eastern section of the Erie Canal was completed,
opened for navigation, when boats descended to the Hudson
at Albany, and the great festival was held, Oct. 8, 1823.
This completes the line of Canal navigation from Albany
to Rochester. It was a great day^ celebrated with great
pomp, a grand display of all sorts of pride and ceremonies,
attended, probably, by 30,000 people. The Champlain
Canal was completed September 10, 1823. — Spafford's Ga-
zetteer^ 1825,

Dr» Morse's Description of Albany in 1789. 281

DR. MORSE'S DESCRIPTION OF ALBANY IN 1789.

[The following extract from Morse's American Geography
will serve to correct a very common error in relation to the
singular position in which the reverend doctor is said to have
placed the citizens of Albany in regard to the streets! It is
extracted from the original edition, published in 1789, a copy
of which we happen to possess. This edition is now so rare,
that it was with great difficulty a copy could be procured,
two or three years ago, for the British Museum. It will be
seen that the people, as well as the houses, are placed in a
true and proper position, as far as their standing is concerned,
and the doctor's English will be vindicated.]

The city of Albany is situated upon the west side of Hud-
son's river, 160 miles north of the city of New York, in
latitude 42° 36', and is by charter one mile upon the river,
and 16 miles back. It contains about 600 houses, built most-
ly by trading people on the margin of the river. The houses
stand chiefly upon Pearl, Market and Water streets, and six
other streets or lanes which cross them nearly at right angles.
They are built in the old Dutch Gothic style, with the gable
end to the street, which custom the first settlers brought
with them from Holland. The gable end is commonly of
brick, with the heavy moulded ornament of slanting with
notches, like stairs, and an iron horse, for a weather cock, on
the top. There is one little appendage to their houses, which
the people, blind to the inconvenience of it, still continue,
and that is the water gutters or spouts which project from
every house, rendering it almost dangerous to walk the streets
in a rainy day. Their houses are seldom more than one
story and an half high, and have but little convenience, and
less elegance ; but they are kept very neat, being rubbed
with a mop almost every day, and scoured every week. The
same neatness, however, is not observed in the streets, which
are very muddy most of the year, except those which are
paved ; and these are seldom swept and very rough.

The city of Albany contains about 4000 inhabitants, col-
lected from almost all parts of the northern world. As great

282 Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 1789.

a variety of languages are spoken in Albany, as in any town
in tlie United States. Adventurers, in pursuit of wealth, are
led here by the advantages for trade which this place affords.
Situated on one of the finest rivers in the world, at the head
of sloop navigation, surrounded with a rich and extensive
back country, and the store-house of the trade to and from
Canada, and the Lakes, it must flourish, and the inhabitants
cannot but grow rich. Hudson, however, is their rival.
Other rivals may spring up.

Albany is said to be an unsociable place. This is natur-
ally to be expected. A heterogeneous collection of people,
invested with all their national prejudices, eager in the pur-
sut of gain, and jealous of a rivalship, can not expect to en-
joy the pleasures of social intercourse or the sweets of an
intimate and refined friendship.

A gentleman of observation and discernment, who resided
some time in Albany, has made the following observations,
which, though of general application, I beg leave to intro-
duce under this particular head.

To form a just idea of the manners and customs of the in-
habitants, we must confine ourselves to the Dutch, who being
much the most numerous, give the tone to the manners of the
place. Two things unite more particularly to render these
disagreeable to foreigners; first, a natural prejudice which
we all possess in favor of our own, and against the manners
of another place or nation : secondly, their close union, like
the Jews of old, to prevent the innovation of foreigners, and
to keep the balance of interest always in their own hands.

It is an unhappy circumstance when an infant nation adopt
the vices, luxuries and manners of an old one ; but this was
in a great measure the case with the first settlers of Albany,
most of whom were, immediately from Amsterdam. Their
diversions are walking and sitting in mead houses, and in
mixed companies they dance. They know nothing of the
little plays and amusements common to small social circles.
The gentlemen who are lively and gay, play at cards, billiards,
chess, &c., others goto the tavern, mechanically, at 11 o'clock,
stay until dinner, and return in the evening. It is not un-
common to see forty or fifty at these places of resort, at the
same time; yet they seldom drink to intoxication, unless in
company, or on public occasions, when it is thought to be no
disgrace.

Dr. Morsels Description of Albany in 1789. 283

They seldom admit many spectators to their marria^jes ;
but the day after, the groom prepares a cold collation, with
punch, wine, &c., to partake of which, he expects all his
friends will come, at 11 o'clock without any invitation. A
dictator, with absolute power, is then appointed to preside at
each table, or in each room, and it seldom happens that any
are suffered to leave the house, until the whole circle exhibits
a shocking specimen of human depravity.

Their funeral ceremonies ' are equally singular. None
attend them without a previous invitation. At the ap-
pointed hour they meet at the neighboring hou?es or stoops,
until the corpse is brought out. Ten or twelve persons are
appointed to take the bier all together, and are not relieved.
The clerk then desires the gentlemen (for ladies never walk
to the grave, nor even attend the funeral, unless of a near re-
lation) to fall into the procession. They go to the grave,
and return to the house of mourning in the same order.
Here the tables are handsomely set and furnished with cold
and spiced wine, tobacco and pipes, and candles, paper, &c.,
to light them. The conversation turns upon promiscuous
subjects, however improper, and unsuitable to the solemnity
of the occasion, and the house of mourning is soon converted
into a house of feasting.

The best families live extremely well, enjoying all the con-
veniencies and luxuries of life ; but the poor have scarcely
the necessaries for subsistence.

The ground covered by this city charter, is of a thin, poor
soil. In the river before the city is a beautiful little island,
which, were it properly cultivated, would afford a faint re-
semblance of Paradise.

The well-water in the city is extremely bad, scarcely drink-
able by those who are not accustomed to it. Indeed all the
water for cooking is brought from the river, and many
families use it to drink. The water in the wells, if Kalm
was well informed, is unwholesome, being full of little insects,
resembling, except in size, those which we frequently see in
stagnated rain water.

The public buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for
Presbyterians, one for Germans or High Dutch, one for
EpiscopaMans — a hospital and the City Hall,

284 Albany in 1796.

ALBANY m 1796.

In tlie edition of 1796, the notice of Albany was some-
what varied, as follows :

Many new houses have lately been built in this city, all in
the modern style, the inhabitants are paving the streets in
the New York plan, with foot-ways, and making other im-
provements.

The city of Albany contains about twelve or fourteen hun-
dred houses, and 5000 inhabitants, collected from various
parts. As great a variety of languages are spoken in Al-
bany, as in any town in the United States, but the English
predominates, and the use of every other is constantly lessen-
ing. Adventurers, in pursuit of wealth, are led here by the
advantages for trade which this place affords.

Albany is unrivalled in its situation. It stands on the
bank of one of the finest rivers in the world, at the head of
sloop navigation. It enjoys a salubrious air, as is evinced
by the longevity of its inhabitants. It is the natural em-
porium of the increasing trade of a large extent of country
west and north; a country of an excellent soil, abounding
in every article for the West India market; plentifully
watered with navigable lakes, creeks and rivers ; as yet only
partially peopled, but settling with almost unexampled rapid-
ity, and capable of affording subsistence and affluence to
millions of inhabitants No part of America affords a more
eligible opening for emigrants than this. And when the
contemplated locks and canals are completed, and conve-
nient roads opened into every part of the country, all which
will, it is expected, be accomplished in a few years, Albany
will probably increase and flourish beyond almost every other
city or town in the United States. The trade of Albany,
indeed, already increases with great rapidity. They sensi-
bly feel the good effects of establishments made immediately
after the peace. These effects will multiply when the im-
mense quantities of produce which are now sold to supply
the multitudes of new settlers (who will soon be able to sup-

Albany in 1776.

285

ply themselves), shall be diverted from these channels and
sent to Albany.

The well water in the city is extremely bad, scarcely
drinkable by those who are not accustomed to it. It oozes
through a stiff blue clay, and it imbibes in its passage, the
fine particles common to that kind of soil. This discolors
it, and when exposed any length of time to the air, it ac-
quires a disagreeable taste. Indeed all the water for cook-
ing is brought from the river, and many families use it to
drink. But the inhabitants are about to remedy this incon-
venience by constructing water-works, to convey good water
into the city.

At Bath, opposite this city, a large, neatly finished, and
ingeniously constructed hathiny-liouse has lately been erected,
divided into four apartments in which the visitants may be,
accommodated at pleasure, with a warm, cold, or shower bath,
only by the turning of a cock.

The public buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for
Presbyterians, one for Grermans or High Dutch, one for
Episcopalians, a hospital, the city hall, a handsome brick
gaol, and the city hotel.

A bank was established here in 1794.

286 Bond of the Aldermen of Schenectady^ 1766.

BOND OF THE ALDERMEN OF SCHENECTADY, 1766.

[The following is printed from the autograph copy, found
among the Vrooman papers, of a bond given by the alder-
men and assistants of Schenectady, in 1766 to carry out
certain measures in case of their being sworn into office.
The orthography and capitalizing of the original is pre-
served throughout.]

Know all men by these Presents, That wee John Sanders
Caleb Beck, Abraham Fonda Joseph R. Yattes, John Glen
Junr. & Ryer Schermerhorn Esqrs. Ellected aldermen for
the Borrough town of Schenectady, and Henry Glen, Nicolas
Van Petten, John Visger, Junr. Abm. Wemple, Nicolas
Degraaf, & Andries Truax Gentlemen Ellected Assistants
for said Borrough, are Jointly & Severally held & firmly
bound unto Isaac Vrooman & John Duncan Esqrs. of said
Borrough in the Sum of five hundred Pounds Current Money
of the Province of New York to be paid to the said Isaac
Vrooman & John Duncan for which Payment well & truly
to bee made wee hereby bind ourselves severaly & Joinly
firmly by these Presents Sealed with our Seals dated this 5th
day of Deer. 1766, in the Seventh Year of His Majestys
Reign.

The Condition of this Obligation is Such That if the above
Bounden Aldermen & assistants as above, Shall do well &
truly Qualify in their respective Ofices as aldermen & assist-
ants for the Borrough of Schenectady within Eight days
after the Governor Grants a New or additional Charter for
the said Borrough with the Alterations or Amendments to
the Present Charter of the following Articles Vizt. Th it the
Boundarys of the Corporation shall be extended according
to letters Pattent, dated Novr. 6th. 1764, And that the Al-
dermen shall not be for life, but that they shall be Ellected
Yearly or Every three years, as the Governor shall be pleased
to Grant, And that none of the Inhabitants of said Borrough
shall be Oblig'd to take out a Licence for there Wagons but
to use them at there will and Pleasure And that the Children
of the Freeholders and free men give a Certain Sum Not
Exceeding Six Shillings for there freedome then this Ob-

Family Itecordfrom the Gi^oesheck Bible . 287

ligation to be Void and of no Effect otherwise to remain in
full force. John /Sanders

Sealed and Delivered Caleb Beck

in the presence of us ^ 7 7 r-r 7

Matthew Lynd Abraham ±onaa

Alexander Campbell Joseph R. YateS

J no Glen Jr.
John Glen Jr for Ryer Schermerhorii
Signed Sealed & delivered by Jno Glen Junr. for
Kyer bchermerborn, in Presence of us

Alexander Campbell

Edward Burrovves Henry Glen

Si^d Seald & Deliverd in the Presenc of us JSficola es Van petteil
By Andr. Truax ^ , ^r • t

John Visger John Visger Jr.

Alexander Campbell ^^^ Wempel

Aendres Truax
nicolas degraf

FAMILY RECORD FROM THE GROESBECK BIBLE:

Now in the Possession of DAVID GROESBECK of Albany.

1724 Nov 8. I, David Groesbeck senior, married Maria Van Der

Poel who died January 18, 1757.

1725 Aug 2. My son William was born. Died Oct 3, 1752.

1726 Dec 24. My daughter Catrina was born. Died Jan 1,1732.
1728 Aug 5. My son Da\dd was born (m. 1752). Died Mar 30, 1795.
1730 Apr 30. My daughter Mary was born. Died Jan 26, 1732.
1732 Apr 13. My son Melleghast was born. Died Sep 18, 1748.
1734 Feb 23. My son John was born. Died Jan 23, 1737.

1736 Apr — . My son Abram died (born dead ?).

1737 May 8. My daughter Cathryna was born.

1739 Apr 30. My daughter Gertruy was born. Died Aug 25, 1745.
1741 Jul 12. My son John was born.

1745 Mar 12. My daughter Catelyna was born. Died Jan 6, 1766.
1766 (1763 ?). David Groesbeck senior died.

1692 Mar 17. My father (David Groesbeck sen, son of WiUiam Claas

Groesbeck) was born.
1763 Feb 3. My father died.

1752 Dec 23. I, David Groesbeck jim, married Catrina Vedder,

1753 Jun 17. My son William was born.

1754 Nov 30. My son CorneMs was born.
1754 Dec 15. My wife died.

1765 Sep 28. I married Sara Winne, who was born July 21, 1734 ;

died 20th April, 1818.
1795 Mar 30. David Groesbeck junior died.
1818 Apr 20. Sarah Winne, his widow, died.

288 Banks.

BANKS.

The banks are open every day in the year, from ten A. M.
to two P. M. except Sundays and holidays. The interest
for discount in the banks in this city, is fixed at 7 per centum
per annum. Three days of grace are allowed, und the dis-
count taken for the same. Every bill or note offered for
discount, must be delivered the day preceding the day of
discount. Bills or notes lodged at the banks for collection,
when protested for non-payment, the person lodging the same
pays the charge of protest. Deposits of money, or notes for
collection, must be entered in dealer's book at the time of
deposit. No interest allowed on deposits.

The first bank that went into operation in this city was
the Bank of Albany, incorporated 10 April, 1792, and was
the second bank chartered in this state, and the fourth in
the union. It failed 11 May, 1861.

A great many projects were on foot in the year 1792.
The capitalists were eager for a bank, and a meeting was
called on the 3d of February, at Lewis's Tavern (south side
of State street, corner of Pearl, removed to widen the street),
to discuss the subject. At this meeting came Goldsbrow
Banyar, who was opposed to the enterprise. What will you
do with the money? demanded he, contemptuously. 1 ivill
take the whole of it! respoi]ded James Caldwell, fiercely.
There was at this time, it is believed, but one bank in the
state, the Bank of New York, the stock of which was fifty
per cent above par. It was decided that the interests of the
northern part of the state required the location of a bank at
Albany. Some one writing for the newspapers, confidently
asserted that a hundred thousand dollars would be subscribed
in a few hours in the city alone; but it was liberally resolved
that the neighboring places should be permitted to share in
the honors and emoluments of the enterprise. At a subse-
quent meeting, the outlines of a plan for the establishment
of a bank were presented. The name of the institution to
be The Albany Bank ; the capital, $75,000, to be divided
into 500 shares, of $150 each; $15 to be paid on subscribing,

Banks. 289

and the remainder in three installments ; 13 directors to con-
stitute the board, 9 of whom to be residents of the city.
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, Jacob Vanderheyden, and Barent
Bleecker, were to open the books for subscriptions in the
week following, and to close them as soon as five hundred
shares should be subscribed. Accordingly the committee
opened the books on the 17th of February, and the stock
was overrun in amount in less than three hours. After the
books were closed offers of 10 per cent advance were made
on the stock, and on Saturday, the day following, it rose to
one hundred per cent, cash. Application was immediately
made, to the legislature for a charter, and as the prospect of its
being granted was more or less doubtful during tlie progress
of the bill, the price of the stock rose or fell, creating no little
excitement and speculation in this quiet region, where stock
transactions were quite a novelty. At one time it is said to
have stood at |100 premium on a share, upon which only
$15 had been paid. Stephen Van Rensselaer was elected
president. Towards the close of the session the act of incor-
poration became a law. The first election of directors was
held on the 12th of June, at the City Tavern, and resulted
as follows; Abraham Ten Broeck, Cornelius Glen, Stephen
Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, John Maley,
Abraham Van Vechten, Henry Cuyler, John Stevenson,
James Caldwell, Jacob Vanderheyden, Goldsbrow Banyar,
Daniel Hale, Elkanah Watson. At a meeting of the direc-
tors thus chosen, Abraham Ten Broeck was elected president.
The bank was opened for deposits on the 16th of July, and
began to discount on the 17th. The rate of interest was 6
per cent. In September, notice was given that notes of 45
days only would be discounted. The act of incorporation
limited the capital stock to $260,000 ; each share to be 400
Spanish milled dollars, or its equivalent. This did nut ex-
haust the idle capital, and those who were unable to get bank
stock, proposed to build an aqueduct. Whether they de-
signed to throw cold water on the former project does not ap-
pear, but it will be allowed that their scheme promised to
furnish an equally useful circulating medium.

In the month of January, 1794, in accordance with the
provisions of the charter, the capital of the bank was in-

25

290 Banks.

creased $54,000, being 135 shares, at $400 each ; and there
being a larger amount subscribed for than was required, a
committee, consisting of Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, Jacob
Van Derhejen and John Maley, appointed for the purpose,
made the following distribution :

Ninety-four persons, 1 share each 94

Five " 2 " " 10

One " 3 " " 3

One " 8 " " 8

Two " 10 " '' 20

Making, as above 135 shares.

By subsequent enactments of the legislature, and by sub-
scriptions on the part of the state, the capital of the bank was
increased to $320,000, and it continued at that amount until
the year 1820, when the sum of $100 on each share was re-
turned to the stockholders, thus reducing the capital of the
bank one-fourth, and the value of each share to $300.

In the year 1832, when the charter of the bank was ex-
tended to January, 1855, for the purpose of more widely
diffusing the stock of the bank, the par value of the shares
was reduced to the sum of thirty dollars, and the number
thereof proportionably increased.

The first building used for a banking house was an old-
fashioned Dutch edifice, standing on the Caldwell lot in
North Pearl-street, third north of State-street, and which
was then owned by Casparus Hewson. In February, 1794,
the bank purchased the lot now next north of the Merchants'
Bank, and subsequently erected thereon a building for bank-
ing purposes, and occupied the same until the year 1810.
The same building was subsequently used for the post office.
In the year 1809, the bank purchased the property on the
corner of State and Court streets, now Broadway, and erected
thereon a splendid banking house. This building was occu-
pied by the bank from February, 1810, until the year 1832,
when it was torn down for the purpose of widening State
street, and the award made to the bank by the commissioners
for the property taken was forty-seven thousand dollars.
During this year the bank succeeded in procuring a lease for
the term of 21 years of the lot No. 42 State street, on which

Banks. 291

a building was also erected by the bank, and by tbe terms of
the lease the value thereof was to be appraised at the expir-
ation of the above term, and the value thus fixed was to be
paid to the bank by the lessor.

Before the expiration of the lease, they purchased the lot,
on which the Merchants' National Bank now stands, and
erected the building now standing there.

The affairs of the bank were long managed with great
prudence and considerable ability; and in proportion to its
capital, it possessed more specie than any other bank in the
country. The current price of its stock was from 45 to 50
per cent above par.

The presidents of the bank, from 1792 to 1861, when it
failed, were

Abraham Ten Broeck 1792 to 1798.

Jeremiah Van Rensselaer 1798 to 1806.

Philip S. Yan Rensselaer 1806 to 1810.

Dudley Walsh 1810 to 1814.

John Van Schaick 1814 to 1820.

Barent Bleecker 1820 to 1840.

Jacob H. Ten Eyck 1840 to 1861.

During this period of seventy years, there were but four
cashiers, namely: Gerrit W. Van Schaick, 1792 to 1815;
John Van Zandt, 1815 to 1832; Jellis Winne, Jr. 1832 to
1849; E. E. Kendrick, 1849 to 1861. Of the presidents
and cashiers only the last incumbents are living in 1869.

James Van Ingen and Harmanus P. Schuyler were the
first clerks ; and on the appointment of James Van Ingen
to a clerkship in the house of assembly, John Van Zandt
was appointed his successor, in which capacity he was con-
tinued till his promotion to the office of cashier, in the year
1815.

The late John W. Yates was for many years a teller in
this bank, and it was probably owing in a great measure
to the business habits acquired and the discipline enjoined
in discharging the duties pertaining to that station, that
secured to him the appointment of cashier of the New York
State Bank in the year 1803.

July 26, 1792. Resolved, That the cashier cause to be
engraved bills of the following denominations;

292 Banks.

One bill of 25; 1 bill of 30; 1 bill of 40; 1 bill of 50.
The said bills to correspond with the paper intended for
half-dollar bills.

Sept. 29, 1792. Resolved, That from and after the 27th
inst., no discount will be made on notes or bills having more
than 45 days to run.

On the same day they resolved to discount notes for gentle-
men residing in Troy, Schenectady and Waterford, and in
the Colonic.

Sept., 1795. The President presented a letter signed by
Philip Schuyler, David Brooks and John Cantine, requesting
the Loan of $1,500 for the purpose of treating with the
Oneida Indians. It was done.

Oct., 1796. Resolved, That the cashier be requested to
send $30,000 in specie to New York, by Capt. Matthew
Trotter, to take up our notes in the New York Bank to that
amount.

Novr. 27, 1800. Resolved, That John Willard be ap-
pointed an additional clerk to this bank, at the salary of
three hundred dollars pr. annum; that his duties be pointed
out to him by the cashier, and that two sureties be taken, in
the sum of four thou&and dollars, for the true performance
of his duties.

24th Jany., 1801. Resolved, That the great calls on the
bank for money to sustain the wheat and potash speculations,
will render it inconvenient to receive the paper of any other
bank for the space of one mouth after this day.

Resolved, That Stephen Lu.sh, Philip S. Van Rensselaer,
and Simeon Dewitt, be a committee to call on Messrs. Aaron
Burr, Brockholst Livingston, and Richard Harrison, direc-
tors of the Manhattan Bank, for the purpose of enquiring
of them whether it is the intention of the directors of said
bank to establish a branch in this place, or its neighborhood.
If so, the directors of the Bank of Albany think it necessary
to apply to the legislature of this state for a declaratory act
against it. If, however, the directors of the Manhattan
Bank think proper to enter into an agreement with the
Bank of Albany not to establish a branch at Albany or its
neighborhood, that in such c^se they are not disposed to
make the application with intention to injure them; and
that the committee make report as soon as convenient.

NEW YORK STATE BANK.

Banks. 293

New York State Bank. — This was tlie second banking
institution in Albany, and went into operation in 1803.
The bank was incorporated with a capital of $460,000. At
a meeting of the directors on the 25th of March, 1803. John
Tayler was chosen president, and John W. Yates, cashier.
It commenced business on Wednesday, Sept. 7; banking
hours from 9 to 12, and from 2 to 4. Notes offered for
discount were to be drawn payable at the bank, unless the
drawer resided in the city of Albany or New York. Dis-
counts were made for 36 days. In December the bank
altered its hours of business, opening at 9, and closing at 2.
On the 10th May, 1804, they commenced business in their
new bankiog house, where they have ever since continued.
By the act of incorporation, the comptroller, together with
John Tayler, Thomas Tillotson, Abraham Gr. Lansing, Peter
Gansevoort, Jr., Elkanah Watson, John R. Bleecker, Francis
Bloodgood, John Robison, Gilbert Stuart, John de Peyster
Douw, Richard Lush, and Thomas Mather, were constituted
the first directors. The business was to be confined to the
city of Albany, the rate of interest to be 6 per cent., and
the state reserved the right of subscribing 3,000 shares.
Thomas Mather, who died in 1850, was the last survivor of
this board. Gorham A. Worth was the first teller.

At the first meeting of the board, the directors appointed
a committee to obtain from the Bank of Albany a supply of
bank paper on which to print their first notes. That com-
mittee, at a subsequent meeting of their board, reported
that the directors of the Bank of Albany " deemed it inex-
pedient to supply the State Bank with paper.'^
• At a meeting of the board, Sept. 9, 1803, it was resolved
that $20,000 in specie should be remitted to the Manhattan
Bank, and the cashier, associated with a director, was ap-
pointed to carry the resolution into effect.

On the 7th of Dec. 1803, the board " Resolved, That the
president deliver to the cashier 1,000 sheets of bank paper
for the purpose of printing."

The lot on which the bank stands was purchased of the
late Isaiah Townsend. Smith & Boardman were th-e builders.
Philip Hooker, architect.

The late Francis Bloodgood succeeded Gov. Tayler as
president, and upon his demise, Rufus H. King was elected

294 Banks.

president in 1840; and upon his death in 1867, Gen.
Franklin Townsend was elected to the office.

Mr. Yates died in 1828, and was succeeded as cashier by
his son Richard Yates, whose successor was A. D. Patchin.
J. B. Plumb succeeded Mr. Patchin, and was in turn suc-
ceeded by John H. Yan Antwerp, now (1869) in office.

In 1850 the charter of the bank expired, when it closed
up its business, paying back to its stockholders their capital
with a handsome surplus. Under the same name, with new
articles of association, and the same officers, it commenced
business on the 1st Jan., 1851. Nearly all the old stock-
holders subscribed for equal amounts in the new association.

The Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, the third bank
in Albany in order of time, was incorporated in 1811. The
history of the origin and infancy of this institution, would be
quite interesting to the present generation, since there were
some phases in banking operations at that remote period,
which are unknown now. The capital stock was limited to
600,000 dollars. The first election for directors was held
on Monday, June 1, 1812. It seems to have been very
generally understood among the stockholders for some time
previous, that two federalists should be admitted into the
board, the directors named in the law being all democrats;
but whose seats should be vacated for their admission, was
not so easily agreed upon. The election opened at 10 o'clock,
at the Columbian Hotel, in Court street, and was continued
to a late hour in the afternoon. It was a warm and animated
contest, and finally resulted in the election of the following:
Solomon Southwick, president; Benjamin Knower, Elisha
Dorr, Isaac Denniston, Benjamin Yan Benthuysen, William
Fowler, George Merchant, Thomas Lennington, Giles W.
Porter, Willard Walker, Walter Weed, Peter Boyd and Isaac
Hutton. The two latter were elected in the place of Spencer
Stafi'ord and John Bryan. Of that board it is believed there
are no survivors. The bank was chartered ostensibly for the
benefit of the mechanics and farmers of Albany county.
In 1834, notice was given of an application to the legislature
for an amendment of the charter, so as to authorize the election
of president and directors without reference to the pursuits or
employments in which they may be engaged.

MECHANICS AND FARMERS' BANK.

Banks, 295

Gorham A. Worth, who had been teller of the New York
State Bank, and was afterwards president of the City Bank
in New York, was the first cashier of this institution, and
brought his kinsman, Thomas W. Olcott, from Hudson to
fill the office of clerk. Mr. Olcott long since rose, by regular
gradations, to fill the highest office in the institution, which
he not only still holds, but has acquired a world wide dis-
tinction as a banker. Under his direction, the bank has
ever been conducted with signal ability and success. In
1853, on the second expiration of its charter, it closed up its
business, dividing, besides the par value of its stock, fifty per
cent surplus, and went into operation under the new law,
with the same officers. During the war of the rebellion it
again wound up its afi"airs, and came under the National
bank system; which, however, it abandoned in 1868, and is
now doins; business under the laws of this state.

o ...

The Commercial Bank, the fourth banking institution
in this city, was incorporated in 1825. An attempt was
made as early as 1813 to establish a bank under this title,
with a capital of $1,250,000; but it did not succeed, and
the present bank never had any connection with that enter-
prise. The first directors were: Willard Walker, Joshua
Tuffs, George W. Stanton, Lewis Benedict, William Cook,
David D. Gregory, Seth Hastings, Ira Jenkins, Joseph
Alexander, Robert Gilchrist, Richard Marvin, John Town-
send, Asa H. Center. It is believed that but one of these
survives (1869). Joseph Alexander was elected the first
president, and held the office until the defalcation of Cashier
Bartow, in October, 1835. The bank has at different times
lost nearly the whole amount of its capital, by peculation ;
but by extraordinary good management recovered itself again,
and enjoys a high reputation for its soundness, and the
amount of business transacted. The Albany Savings Bank^
the oldest institution of the kind in the state, incorporated
in 1820, is connected with this bank.

The Canal Bank was incorporated in 1829, with a
capital of 8300,000. John T. Norton, Jeremiah Clark,
Edward C. Delavan, Lyman Root, Israel Smith, John J.
Godfrey, Aaron Thorp, David Wood, Henry L. Webb,
James Gould, Alexander Marvin, Edwin Croswell, James
Porter, Richard Varick DeWitt, Lyman Chapin. John

296 Banks.

T. Norton was elected the first president, and Theodore
Olcott, cashier. In 1848 it failed. It was the first bank
failure in Albany.

The Albany City Bank was incorporated in 1834,
with a capital of 8500,000. The first directors were Erastus
Corning, Chauncej Humphrey, Martin Van Alstyne, John
Knower, Samuel S. Fowler, John L. Schoolcraft, Garret W.
Ryckman, Anthony Blanchard, William Smith, William
Seymour, Peter Wendell, Thomas M. Burt, Albert Gallup.
Erastus Corning was elected the first president, and Watts
Sherman was appointed cashier. It has been eminently
successful, and is still under the presidency of the first in-
cumbent, although but five of the original directors survive
in 1869.

The Albany Exchange Bank was incorporated in
1838, to continue 662 years, with a capital of 8311,100, pri-
vileged to increase it to 810,000,000. It was among the
earliest associations under the general banking act, passed
in April of that year. Its first board of directors was com-
posed of John Q. Wilson, president; Geo. AV. Stanton, vice-
president ; Alfred Douglas, Galen Batchelder, Frederick J.
Barnard, Lansing G. Taylor, John Thomas, Robt. Hunter,
Oliver Steele, Henry Greene, J. M. Newton, Jas. McNaugh-
ton, Giles Sanford, Samuel Stevens, and Robt. L. Noyes.
Soon after the organization, and before the institution com-
menced business, John Q. Wilson and Robert Hunter
resigned as directors, and Ichabod L. Judson and Gaylor
Sheldon were appointed to fill the vacancies. A vacancy
thus arising in the office of president, George W. Stanton
was elected president, which office he filled until his death in
April, 1849.

The following statement of its financial vicissitudes was
published anonymously. As a bank, the institution had the
reputation of being unfortunate. As part of the securities
for its circulating notes, the board purchased at a discount
from the par value $50,000 of the bonds of Arkansas. These
bonds were entered up in the bank's assets at par, and the
nominal profit accruing was divided as profits to stockholders.
Two years afterwards the state of Arkansas stopped paying
interest on the bonds, and they were unsaleable at any price.
Thus one-sixth of the actual capital of the bank was rendered

Banks, 297

wholly unavailable and unproductive. In 1848, about S8,000
was lost by failuie of the Canal Bank. In 1850, about $20,000
by failure of J. & A. Groesbeck ; and in 1853, $60,000 by
Northern Railroad. The average net dividends paid to stock-
holders from the date of commencement of business in 1839,
to January, 1861, was five and three-tenths per cent, annu-
ally. From the losses connected with bank failures at the
outbreak of the war in 1861, about $60,000 was lost.

So severely had the institution suffered, that its solvency
was doubted in quarters where good credit is valuable. Its
stock was offered at seventy cents on the dollar without find-
ing buyers. In this state of things, the present cashier of
its successor, the National Albany Exchange Bank, was in-
vited to take charge of its affairs as cashier. The damaged
assets of the concern were carefully gathered up and strict
economy instituted. Its business was carefully studied and
cultivated, and it was soon observable that strict business
principles, applied with fidelity and assiduity, told sensibly
in resuscitating the concern from its weakened condition.
The board of directors in July, 1861, against the dictates of
sound judgment and in violation of business principles, not-
withstanding it was known that the capital was largely im-
paired, declared their usual dividend of three per cent, against
the remonstrance of their then financial ofiicers. Dividends
were thereafter suspended for two years. The bank invited
the business of the government and was appointed agent of
the treasury in distributing its loans, in which service its
officers exerted themselves earnestly, faithfully, and with
success. Although receiving no government deposits, the
incidental advantages to it of the business of the government
were of value.

After the 'suspension of dividends for two years, during
which period the losses incurred at the outbreak of the war
were made up, in January, 1864, a dividend of four per cent,
was paid to stockholders and that rate was regularly continued
semi-annually until closing its business in February, 1865, to
form a national bank. In regular and special dividends de-
clared and paid since that time, including the final dividend
just declared by the receiver, the capital of the bank at par,
and seventy-two and six-tenths per cent, in profits, have been
paid to the stockholders, making an annual average of divi-

298 Banks,

dend of profits from January, 1861, to the close of its business,
of eighteen and fifteen-one-hundreths per cent, besides mak-
ing up $60,000 loss of capital.

The bank closed its business as a state association on 31st
January, 1865, and the National Albany Exchange Bank
having been organized for that purpose, succeeded to its busi-
ness. Its affairs are placed in charge of the present receiver,
C. P. Williams, who has closed all its interests, paid all its
liabilities, and to-day makes a final distribution of its assets.
All the labor of closino; the business of the institution has
been conducted without expense to its stockholders, except
for actual disbursements, which, besides taxes paid, was less
than $500.

The Merchants Bank was organized 19 January, 1853.
The first board of directors consisted of John Tweddle,
Billings P. Learned, Richard Van Rensselaer, Matthew J.
Hallenbeck, Gilbert L. Wilson, Maurice E. Viele, Henry
P. Pulling, Joseph N. Bullock, John Sill. John Tweddle
was elected president, and still presides (1869), and John
Sill was cashier.

The Union Bank was organized June 8, 1853. The
first officers were Billings P. Learned, Gilbert C. Davidson,
William N. Strong, Chauncey Vibbard, Amos P. Palmer,
Charles Coates, George H. Thacher, William L. Learned,
John H. Reynolds, D. D. T. Charles, Alfred Wild, Le Roy
Mowry, Adam Cottrell. Mr. B. P. Learned was elected
president, and still holds the office, and A. P. Palmer, cashier.

Besides these there were three other banks organized
about the same time : the National Bank, the Bank of
THE Capitol, and the International Bank j all of which
failed in a few years after their organization.

Harmanus Bleecker. 299

HARMANUS BLEECKER.

Mr. Bleecker was a descendant of the celebrated Jan
Jansen Bleecker, the ancestor, it is believed, of all who
bear that name in this state. Jacob Bleecker, the father
of Harmanus, was a merchant and a much esteemed citizen.
After having received a classical education, Mr. Bleecker
entered upon the study of the law in the office of John V.
Henry and James Emott, who were eminent counsellors of
the day ; and was admitted to practice at the bar of this state
in 1801, in the 22d year of his age. He entered into part-
nership with Theodore Sedgwick, late of Stockbridge ; which
connection endured for many years, and proved honorable and
lucrative to both. Mr. Bleecker in particular became known
throughout the state as an eminent advocate, and his name is
frequently to be found on the pages of the reports of the days
when Kent, and Spencer, and Thompson, and Van Ness, were
the great luminaries of the science.*

He was also successful in his political career. Having
been several years a member of assembly for this county, he
was in 1810 elected to congress, where be served during the
stormy period of the last war with Grreat Britain, and acting
with the federal party, was one of those who opposed the war.
At various times he was honored with other important trusts,
indicative of the high opinion entertained of him. His name
is found in the first board of managers of the Albany Bible

* It will he seen, in the following list of students who acquired
their profession in his office, that includes it many who have, by their
talents and worth, risen to places of eminence and distinction.

Henry D. Sedgwick, Robert Sedgwick, Solomon South wick, John
W. Taylor (Speaker of the House of Representatives, 1825-26),
David Rust, Henry Jones, Abraham Holdridge, Cornelius R. D.
Lansing, Jacob Dox, Peter P. J. Kean, Jacob Sutherland (Judge
of old Supreme Court), Henry W, Channing, John Rodman, Thomas

D. Higgins, Sterling Goodenow, Isaac Truax, Gideon Hawley, Peter
Gansevoort, Henry Starr, David Raymond, Ebenezer Baldwin,
William Darling, Abraham Schuyler, Henry H. Fuller, John Porter,

E. P. Storrs, James Dexter, Gilbert L, Thompson, James C. Blood-

300 Harmanus Bleecker.

society, incorporated in 1811. He was a regent of the uni-
versity for several years ; a commissioner on the part of this
state, for settling the boundary between New- York and New-
Jersey. Grov. Clinton, to whom he had been actively op-
posed for many years previous^ offered him the post of adjutant
general, which he declined, while he appreciated the mag-
nanimity that dictated the proposal. On ^the accession of
Mr. Van Buren to the presidency, Mr. Bleecker was sent to
that Hague as the American minister, where he made an im-
pression that will not be effaced in our generation. It was
during his residence at the Hague that he married a lady of
that country. Miss Sebastiana Cornelia Mentz, with whom he
visited Holland once after the close of his mission.

Mr. Bleecker was one of the most cultivated gentlemen in
the state. After his return from Holland, he continued the
study of literature in all its varied departments, and paid much
attention to theology. Though by association, and by family
and inherited sympathies, identified with the older times and
people of this country, no man entered more zealously into
every progress of the times, and rejoiced that for the great
multitude of the people the advancing years were, more and
more, years of education and comfort and prosperity. A
truer republican our country did not possess; and he carried
with him in his diplomatic career, and in his residence abroad
the dignity and the simplicity of an American, never ceasing,
in every proper and courteous way to commend his country
and his country's institutions to the respect of the European.
He spoke and wrote the Dutch language with perfect purity
and elegance; which, united to his engaging manners and
irresistible dignity, procured for him, on retiring from his

good, John D. Crocker, Cornelius Gates, Frederick Matthews,
Bargood E. Hand, Richard V. De Witt, Frederick "Wliittlesey
(Judge of Supreme Court), N. N. Hall, Henry J. Linn, C. V. S.
Kane, Metcalf Yates, Hamilton Bogart, John B. Van Schaick,
Augustus Beardslee, Henry G. Wheaton, S. V. R. Bleecker, W.
Dvier Henderson, Charles Fenno Hoffman, Bradford R. Wood,
David Dudley Field, D. A. Noble, Philip S. Van Rensselaer, Harvey
Hyde, Charles Walsh, S. Cook, P. V. S. Wendover, E. T. T. Martin,
Israel T. Hatch, Leonard Bement, W. H. Bogart, John B. Luce,
Charlemagne Tower, John James Kane, Henry H. Martin, Charles
N. Rowley, Cambridge Livingston, John W. Bradford, Francis
Randall.

Harmanus Bleecker. 301

mission at the Hague, an official expression of regret at his
departure from the Dutch government, a compliment the
more flattering as it is almost without a precedent.

The Hon. Harmanus Bleecker died at his residence on
the corner of Chapel and Steuben streets, on the 19th of
July, at the age of seventy years. The ancient house in
which he was born on the 19th of October, 1779, stood upon
the next lot south, and was taken down a few years ago, when
he erected the block which now occupies its site. He was
possessed of an ample fortune, which enabled him to consult
his taste in the occupation of his time during the latter years
of his life, a privilege of which he availed himself wisely.

The pedigree of his branch of the family is as follows :

I. Jan Jansen Bleecker, a native of Meppel, in the
province of Overyssel, Holland, came to New- Amsterdam in
1658, and subsequently settled at Albany. He was one of
the first aldermen named in the charter of Albany, 1686;
was recorder from 1696 to 1699, and mayor in 1700. Died
Nov. 21, 1732, aged 91. In 1667 he married Margaret, daugh-
ter of Rutger Jacobsen. His children were Johannes,
Rutger (recorder 1725, mayor 1726 to 1728), Nicholas,
Hendrick, Catharine, Jane, Margaret, Rachel.

II. Johannes, born 1668; married Anna Koster 1693;
succeeded his father as recorder of Albany 1700, and as
mayor 1701 ; member of the general assembly 1701 and 1702 ;
died Dec. 20, 1738, aged 70. His children were, Johannes,
Gertrude, Nicholas, Hendrick, Margaretta, Anna, Jacob,
Anthony.

III. Jacob, born March 1, 1715; married Margaret Ten
Eyck; died 1747, leaving one son, Jacob.

IV. Jacob, born July 22, 1747; married Elizabeth Wen-
dell 1776. He left two sons, Jacob I. (died unmarried), and
Harmanus.

V. Harmanus, born Oct. 9, 1779; married Sebastiana
Cornelia Mentz, daughter of Dirk Mentz and Immetje Keyser
of Holland; died July 19, 1849, without issue.

The armorial ensigns of the family are thus described :
Arms, az., two embattled chevrons or, empaling, arg. a
rose branch ppr. Crest, a phaeon, or.

26

302 . Vanderheyden Palace,

VAKDEKHEYDEN PALACE.
Erected 1725; Demolished 1833.

This venerated edifice was situated in North Pearl street,
the second lot below the corner of Maiden lane, on the site
now occupied by the Baptist church. It was built in 1725
by Johannes Beekman, a worthy burgher of the day. The
bricks were imported from Holland/ as were those of many
of the houses erected at that time; and it is supposed to
have been, at the time of its demolition, one of the best
specimens of the ancient Dutch architecture remaining in
the state. It was occupied by Mr. Beekman as his family
residence until his death in 1756, after which his two daugh-
ters continued to reside in it until their marriage, a short
time previous to the war of the revolution. The eldest con-
nected herself with a gentleman of the name of Bain, belong-
ing to the English army, and the youngest to Mr John
McRae. The former moving shortly after her marriage to
the West Indies, McCrea and his wife continued to occupy
the mansion as their place of abode until after the war com-
menced, when they removed from the city, and the house
was rented. It was afterwards occupied by Mr. George Mer-
chant as an academy ; and some eminent professional men are
still left to relate the interesting events of many happy hours
they spent under his tuition. In 1778 the mansion was pur-
chased by Mr. Jacob Vanderheyden, for the consideration
of £1,158, lawful money of New York ($2,895,) and it was
from this gentleman that it received the appellation by which
it has since been familiarly known, that of the Vanderhei/den
Palace. It continued to be used as an academy until the

/ This is a common tradition of all the old houses ; yet there were
brick and tile makers here, and abimdant material for the manu-
facture of the article. Possibly bricks were brought over as
ballast in some cases. It is asserted that the timbers of certain
houses, also, were imported from Holland, although the best of tim-
ber abounded here, which could be had at the mere cost of cutting
and hauling.

a

804 Vanderheydeii Palace.

great fire of 1797, wlien the dwelling in which Mr. Vander-
heyden lived being consumed, he took up his residence in
this house, and continued to occupy it till his death, which
occurred in 1820. His family remained there but a few years
beyond that event, after which the tenants became as various
as they were numerous. The site having been selected by
the Baptist society for the location of a new church, this
venerable edifice, having stood one hundred and eight years,
bowed to the spirit of improvement. Its dimensions were
50 feet front by 20 in depth, having a hall and two rooms
on a floor. Although it had been somewhat modernized inter-
nally, the massive beams and braces projecting into the rooms,
the ancient wainscoting, and the iron figures on the gable
ends, involuntarily carried the mind back to dwell upon the
days of old. It arrested the antiquarian fancy of Washington
Irving, and is described by him in the story of Dolph Hey-
liger, in Bracebridge Hall, as the residence of Heer Antony
Yanderheyden.i The weatherfane, a horse under great stress
of speed, now glitters above the peaked turret of the portal
at Sunny Side, Mr. Irving having secured that relic from
the hands of the destroyer, to adorn his unique country seat.
Of the gable enders that graced Pearl street in the palmy
days of the Yanderheyden Palace, when the street was yet
carpeted with verdure, instead of paving stones, none re-
main on the same side of the way j but one on the corner
of Columbia, and another on the corner of State street, are
the last representatives of the olden style of architecture on
Pearl street; the former described in Hist. Coll. Albany^ ii,
31.

^The first Vanderheyden in Albany, seems to have been Jan
Cornelissen, who made his will 1663, and- seems to have come from
Sevenbergen, in Holland (see Albany County Records, 332). Jacob
Tyssen Vanderheyden was contemporary with him, and the pro-
genitor of the family, through his son Dirck, who purchased the
site of the present city of Troy, in 1720. Ibid., 129, note.

I

The Stevenson House.

305

THE STEVENSON HOUSE.
Erj:cted 1780; Demolished 1841.

The above engraving will be recognized by many as an
old acquaintance. It was a massy and spacious edifice, com-
menced by the late John Stevenson, Esq., at the time of the
breaking out of the American revolution, and finished about
1780, fifteen years after the completion of the present Man-
sion House of Stephen Van Rensselaer. For nearly half
a century it was the mansion of the Stevenson family, and
was occupied by Mr. Van Buren during the period he held
the office of governor of this state. It was afterwards rented
as a hotel, and finally became the headquarters or committee
rooms of the democratic party of the city, when its walls
resounded to the eloquence of Counsellor Gaffney, and other
favorite orators of the day. Its architecture was of a style

306 Tke Stevenson House,

that became popular at a period subsequent to that of the
erection of its neighbor; a few specimens of which still
remain in different parts of the city.

It was in the adjoining building, on the left, that Mr.
James Stevenson commenced the practice of the law, and
that Mr. John Lovett had his office. It was in that building
also that Mr. Jacob Green, afterwards professor of chemistry
in Jefferson College, Philadelphia, for some time kept a book-
store ; and it was in this bookstore that Mr. John T. Norton,
now a retired merchant, made his debut in Albany, as a
clerk.

The Wendell House,

307

THE WENDELL HOUSE.

No. 98 Statb Street : Erected 1716 ; Demolished 1841.

This ancient edifice stood on the south side of State street,
the easterly line being a little over one hundred feet west
of the westerly line of South Pearl street. It was built
and occupied by Harmanus Wendell, in the year 1716, as
was indicated by the iron figures upon its front, after the
manner of the day. The figures are barely observable in
the woodcut on close inspection ; the engraver not having
given them sufficient prominence. Mr. Wendell was en*
gaged in the fur trade, and no doubt many a curious and
characteristic scene of Dutch and Indian traffic was carried
on within its walls. The building was torn down on the
sixth day of September, 1841 , for the purpose of erecting

308 The Wendell House,

a four story brick store on its site, by Messrs. John V. L.
Pruyn and Henry H. Martin, the present owners of the
property. The door and bow windows in the first storey,
and the steps in front exhibit the lower portion of the build-
ing in its original situation, as ascertained from persons who
occupied it long since. Some years before its demolition,
the steps were removed, and the doors and windows length-
ened so as to conform to the level of the street -, previously
to which, a covered passage way had been constructed for
the side entrance, with a door in front, which was its situa-
tion when it was taken down. The Stevenson House,
•described on a subsequent page, and razed at the same time,
adjoined the lot on the east, with the passage way referred
to between. This relic of the olden time had become so
dilapidated by its great age, and the walls so impaired by
the excavations made around them, as to render its removal
necessary. The editor of the Albany Argus alluded to the
subject at the time, and made the following retrospective
observations in connection with the event :

" What changes has it not witnessed in its life of one
hundred and twenty-five years! Then, the great and far
west, save the French posts at Detroit, Michilimackinac,
Chicago and Du Quesne (Pittsburgh), the French settle-
ments at New Orleans and at Natchez, and a few scattered
hamlets or posts on the Ohio and Illinois, was inhabited
solely by the nations and tribes of Indians, from the six
nations of our own colony and region, to the more remote
Ottawas, Wyandots, Ottagamies, Hurons, Chippewas, etc.
Only thirty-five years before, the adventurous La Salle had
launched the first v^essel on the great lakes, had reached the
Mississippi, and traced it to its mouth. It was only a few
years after the first great council of all the distinguished
chiefs of the various tribes from Quebec to the Mississippi
had been convened at Montreal, with barbaric pomp and
imposing ceremonial, and the power of New France strength-
ened by new alliances with the natives. It was fifteen years
after the expedition under M. Cadillac had established the
post at Detroit. It was only three years after the chiefs of
the Ottawas, having been invited to Albany, returned, dis-
affected to the French, and at once commenced the siege of
Detroit. It was nearly half a century before the English

The Wendell House. 809

conquest of New France and the Pontiac war, or gigantic
confederation of that remarkable chief The principal seats
of the fur trade were Michilimackinac, Montreal and Albany ;
and the traffic between the two latter places was as active
and prosperous as it could be, in the hands of the subjects
of rival powers.

" The city (ancient Beverwyck) and the manorial settle-
ment, including Fort Orange, were little else than a fortified
village, with the old church at the foot and in the middle
of State street, a few stores and trading places in Chapel
street (then Barrack street), and scattered residences on
the margin of the river and in the vicinity of Fort Orange, -
afterwards called Court, now Market street. The city char-
ter had then been granted about thirty years; and the
appearance of the city is described as being that of a small
town, with two principal streets crossing each other, in one
of which (State street) were all the public buildings, viz :
the town-house, two churches (English and Dutch), guard-
house, market, etc. There were three docks : lower, or
king's dock, middle and upper, and vessels were unloaded
by the aid of canoes lashed together, on which a platform
was built and the goods placed. The population may have
numbered 1000 : it was 3506 seventy-four years afterwards
(in 1790).

" In the progress of improvement, these two buildings
are soon to give place to a spacious structure, for stores,
public rooms, etc., etc. We confess that we regret the dis-
appearance of these antique remains of the early history of
our city. Upon the demolition of the ancient tenement of
the fur dealer, which will quickly follow its associate at the
corner of North Pearl and Steuben streets, not more than
one of that age will remain in State street, and scarcely
another in the city , although a few in North Pearl street,
and in the colonic, of an uncertain age, but full a century
in years, will continue to present their gables to the eyes of
the curious. We regret it, because, go where you will in
this new country, you see only the impress and handiwork
of the present age. Even in places tlie earliest settled in
the country — and where the trace and fashion of its dawn
exist if anywhere — ' every thing ancient, everything vene-
rable, every memorial of other times, is swept away, or

BIO State Street in 1792...

carefully concealed, under modern alterations or thick strata
of paint and whitewash; as ifvit were a sin to recall old
things and scenes, or a duty to dwell only among the very
latest devices of the architect and the calculator of rents
and profits/'

State Street in 1792.

In connection with the foregoing, a diagram of the section
of State street lying between Pearl and Lodge streets, is
introduced. The original map appears to have been made
from actual survey by John Bogert, in 1792. The dimen-
/ sions of the lots upon State street, and the name of the owners
at that time, are given ; together with the location of the
Episcopal Church and the Fort, edifices which disappeared
nearly three-quarters of a century ago. Indeed, the fort
began to be demolished immediately after the close of the
war of the Revolution, and the stone was used for public
purposes. (See Hist. Coll., it, 239.)

The old English Church, which stood in the centre of State
street opposite Berg (miscalled Barrack), i now Chapel street,
was erected in 1715. The hindrances which the common
council gave the builders of this church, are found in the
minutes of their proceedings, published in vol. vii of this
work, p. 32, et seq. The board was opposed to its being
built in the street ; but the governor protected the workmen
when they were imprisoned. It was alluded to by Kalm
thirty-four years afterwards as being built of stone, without
a steeple, and standing directly under the fort. The tower
on the west end was a distinct structure, erected after 1750.
The hell was cast in England, and was used in St Peter's
Church until the second edifice was razed, bearing this in-
scription : " St. Peter's Church in Albany, 1751 ; J. Ogilvie,
minister; J. Stevenson, E. Collins, wardens." The Rev.
Thomas Ellison was the last rector who officiated in the old
church.

^ This street was situated so high as to be at first called Berg
straat, or Hill street. The Dutcli pronounced the word berg in
two syllables, as har-g, or bar rag, or harrak, and it thus came to
be known by the English as Barrack street. It was occupied by
Indian traders,

PLAN

Survey of Stale Street

ALBANY,

M\DE IN

17 9 2,

BY

JOHN BOGERT.

John Green.

Lewis.

Fort.

LODGE

John Sanders. o

CO

Rev, T. EUison. ^

Robt. Yates, Esq. gi
John Easton. §|

Jacob Van Ingen. ^
Bloomendall. ,^3

CVS

o
H. Wendell. 51

Oi

■t-4

Roseboom. ^

o"

Abm. Wendell. ^
^

o

John Stevenson. "^

t-

o
Shephard. o

CO
STREET. Z

158 feet wide.

153 feet wide.

STREET.

°? BARRACK STREET.

Elm
Tree.

Philip S. Van
Rensselaer.

'^ Webster.

S. Pruyn.

Livingston.

149 feet wide.

PEARL STREET.

Bait, Lydius.

312 State Street in 1792.

On the northwest corner of the church, and directly in
contact with it, stood the City Fire Engine House. The
engine kept within it was the only one which the authorities
provided for the protection of the city against fire. It is repre-
sented to have been a very superior machine, and was one of
the only two manufactured by the elder John Mason, a cele-
brated machinist of Philadelphia — its counterpart was for a
long time in possession of the Diligent Fire Company of that
city. But the first fire engine ordered by the city was
procured in 1763, by Harme Gansevoort, in England, and
cost £159, or, $397.50.

As we contemplate the map, and reflect upon the changes
which have been wrought upon the owners and occupants of
these lots during the last half century, a melancholy yet agree-
able interest is awakened. A multitude of thoughts will pre-
sent themselves to the octogenarian, skilled in antique lore
and traditions of early times, of scenes that will remain unwrit-
ten. Beginning at the foot of the map on the south side,
the name of Mr. Lewis marks the site of the City Tavern
then, and until the Tontine was opened by Matthew Gregory,
the great house of the day. It belonged and was probably
built by OQC of the Schuylers. I was informed by Mrs. Solo-
mon Southwick that its interior ornamentation and finish
was unusually elaborate for the houses of that day. The date
upon the front ran across that and the Staats house, a part
of which remains upon the latter Anno — Z)omi/u' having been
upon the corner house, and the date 1667, extended across
the front of both houses.

It was removed to open the street, which was a narrow
arched passage way at this time, having a gate to protect the
entrance into the street below, known as Washington street,
now South Pearl. A. part or the whole of the Shepard lot
was also subsequently taken in extending the breadth of the
street.

The street in the rear of the lots above Pearl, now Howard
street, is described in a Dutch deed of 1680, given by Dr.
Abram Staats to the Lutheran Church, as " the old road
belonging to Mr. Pretty, Jacob Sanders, Johannes Wendel,
Myndert Harmense, and Hendrick Cuyler." Mr. Pretty was
the first sherifi" under the English charter, and occupied the
whole or a part of the large lot afterwards owned by Mr.
John Stevenson.

State Street in 1792. 313

Of the Wendell house we have already spoken. In the rear
of it was the printing office of Solomon Southwick, where the
Albany Register \f3iS, issued, and the state printing performed
by him, and is still standing, and known as Henry's Old
Museum.

The house and lot designated as the premises of Mr. Rose-
boom, were for a time the residence of Thomas Shipboy,
another merchant, who died in the year 1798. The old. edi-
fice is concealed behind a modern front, but its zuydelyh
aspect indicates its origin unmistakeably. Mr. Shipboy
afterwards occupied the house No. 56 State street, sub-
sequently the store of the late Christian Miller — the strong
walls of which have also been carried up so as to present the
appearance of a modern structure.

The two next are the site of the American Hotel, belonging
recently to the descendants of the late William James, but
now to Hon. Erastus Corning. They were occupied by the
great printing and publishing house of the Hosfords, which
went down in 1826. In 1674 they seem to have belonged to
Myndert Harmense Vandebogart. {Albany County Records^
100).

The lots occupied by Van Ingen and Easton were patented
by Gov. Lovelace in 1668 to Jochem Wesselse Backer.
They are described in the conveyance to Hendrik Cuyler
in 1774, as "standing and lying together here in Willem-
stadt upon the hill, to the west of Myndert Harmense [Van
de Bogartj, to the east of the town's fence [stockade], to
the south of the street, and to the north of the fence of the
Lutheran Church" {Alb. Co. Records., 100). At the time
this map was made there was a two-story house on the Van
Ingen lot, which was occupied by Izrahiah Wetmore as a
tavern from 1818 to 1822. In 1825 Archibald Craig
erected a fine residence there, which is called Mansion
house in the Directory of 1827; in 1828 it was purchased
by the Hon, Erastus Corning, and has been occupied by
him to the present day.

The Easton lot was sometime in possession of Gerrit
Luycasse Wyngaart, who seems also to have purchased the
adjoining lot on the west, which then had a depth of only
30 feet by reason of the stockadoes which passed up diag-

27

314

State Street in 1792.

Yates House.

onallj from the corner of Beaver and South Pearl streets to
the fort. It was purchased by William Grould, who erected
a graceful modern edifice thereon, and acquired a handsome
fortune upon the premises as a law bookseller. It is now the

property of Mr. Corning, who
purchased it at the sale of Mr.
Gould's estate.

Robert Yates, who occupied
the lot bearing his name, was a
man of great intellectual power,
and became chief justice of the
state. It was afterwards occu-
pied by his son, John Yan Ness
Yates, until his death. In 1855
it was demolished, and Mr. Phi-
lip Wendell erected an elegant
dwelling house with a freestone
front upon its site, which he now
occupies (1869).
The house occupied by Mr. Ellison was standing in 1850,
looking much the worse for its age, although it never had
any pretension to elegance. It was long the well known
chair factory of L. McChesney. This is also the property
of Mr. Philip Wendell, who built a manufactory upon it.

The late Killian K. Yan Eensselaer married a descendant
of Mr. John Sanders, of Schenectady, and inherited the lot
which bears the name of the latter on the map. Mr. Yan
Rensselaer erected a large dwelling house upon the premises,
about 1796, in which he resided till his death. It is now
occupied by his sons Richard and Barnard S. (1869), the last
survivors of the family.

A large wooden building, which was built before the revo-
lution, and we believe for a time used as a tavern, occupied
the corner of John Green. In this building the Albany
Academy was opened in 1815. It was burnt in 1847 ; when
a substantial brick edifice was erected upon its site, by the
heirs of the late Killian K. Yan Rensselaer, to whom the
property belongs.

^ The position of the Fort is believed to be very accurately
given. The northeast bastion occupied the ground where the
Episcopal Church now stands. Its foundations were as high

State Street in 1792.

315

as the top of that church. It was the fourth place selected
for a fort, and was first, it appears, inclosed by stockades
merely. The diagram here given was made by the Rev.
John Miller, a chaplain of the English army, in 1695, when
it was surrounded by a ditch. For several years the fort
supplied material for buildings and the public sewers.

West.

1. Grovemor of Albany's house.

2. Officers' lodgings.

3. Soldiers' loogiugs.

4. Flag-staflf mount.

5. Magazine.

6. Dial mount.

7. Town mount.

8. Well.

9. Sentry boxes.

11. Sally port.

12. Ditch fortified with stakes.

13. Gardens,

14. Stockade.

15. Fort gate.

The square in the occupation of William Muir was long
since divided up for residences and shops.

The house of the worthy old mayor, Philip S. Van Rens-
selaer, younger brother of the patroon, was occupied by his
widow until her death in 1855, at the age of 90, when it was
sold to Hon. Erastus Corning for $32,500. It is now occu-
pied by E. Corning, Jr. (1869).

The next three lots form the well-known Webster Corner.
After the memorable fire of 1793, in which the printing
office of Mr. Webster was consumed, he took the white house
on the Livingston lot, which remained until 1860, when it
was demolished and Tweddle Hall erected upon the site of

316 State Street in 1792.

the three Webster lots. The two lots above it were purchased
and built upon by himself and brother George, where they
resided during their lives. The corner property also came
into their hands, and became the theatre of a very extensive
printing and publishing business. In the palmy days of the
establishment, it was customary twice a week to load with
school and other books for the western country, one of those
old-fashioned, two-story freight wagons, so common before
the opening of the canal. There were no heresies in those
days against Webster's Spelling Book.

Intimately associated with the reminiscences of this corner,
is the elm tree which throws its rugged arms across the street,
and enjoys so extraordinary a degree of popular favor. It
has been so extensively cropped from time to time that it now
is only an abridgment of itself. This corner was the property
of Philip Livingston, one of the signers of the Declaration of
Independence, who was born in Albany in 1716 ; and the
earliest reminiscence we have of the tree, is the circumstance
of his having, when a young man, rebuked a sailor, whom he
observed preparing his knife to cut it down, then a mere
switch. From this datum we may infer that the elm has an
age of a century and a half.

The Lydius Corner, opposite, was occupied at the time of
the survey by a very eccentric old gentleman, Balthazar
Lydius. He died on the 17th November, 1815, aged 78, and
was the last male descendant of his family, which was ancient
and respectable. The house in which he lived was supposed
by many to have been imported from Holland : bricks, wood-
work, tiles, and ornamental irons, with which it was profusely
adorned, expressly for the use of the Rev. Gideon Schaets,
who arrived in 1652. The materials for the house arrived
simultaneously with the old bell and pulpit, 1657. It was
supposed to be the oldest brick building in North America
at the time of its removal in 1832. The modern Apothecaries
Hall was erected by Mr. George Dexter upon its site. For
a view of the old house, see Historical Collections of Albany^
II, 17.

A Scene of the Bevoluiion in Albany, 317

A SCENE OF THE KEVOLUTION IN ALBANY.

In the spring of 1778, we went down to Bethlehem and
brought home our cattle that had wintered there. As we
were driving them slowly back, and as we entered Albany
on our return, we met in State street a procession of novel
character moving slowly up the hill. We perceived seven
persons dressed in white, and soon learned they were of that
unfortunate class of disaffected men, who to bad political
principles had added crimes against society, which even a
stateofwar would not justify. At Shodack they had distin-
guished themselves by a series of desperate acts not to be pa-
tiently endured by the community, and when they were taken
prisoners their fate seemed inevitable. These men had been
confined for some time in the city prison, now known as the
Old Museum, and had once made their escape, but only to
enjoy their liberty for a few hours. Indeed the whole city was
underarms when we saw them moving to the fatal spot where
they were to suffer. The public indignation was also much
excited by their conduct in prison, and the circumstances
attending their being brought to suffer the sentence of the
law. They were confined in the right hand room of the lower
story of the prison. The door of their apartment swung in a
place cut out lower than the level of the floor. When the
sheriff came to take them out he found the door barricaded.
He procured a heavy piece of timber, with which he in
vain endeavored to batter down the door, although he was
assisted in the operation by some very athletic and willing
individuals. . During the attempt the voice of the prisoners
was heard threatening death to those who persevered in the
attempt, with the assertion that they had laid a train of powder
to blow up themselves and their assailants. Indeed it was
well ascertained that a quantity of powder had passed into
their possession, but how, could not be known.

It was afterwards found placed under the floor and arranged
to produce the threatened result. The sheriff could not
effect his entrance, while a crowd of gazers looked on to see

318 A Scene of the Revolution in Albany.

the end of this singular contest. Some one suggested the
idea of getting to them through the ceiling, and immediately
went to work to effect a passage by cutting a hole through.
While this was going on the prisoners renewed their
threats, with vows of vengeance, speedy, awful and certain.
The assailants however persevered and as I was informed,
and never heard contradicted, procured a fire-engine, and
placed it so as to introduce the hose suddenly to the hole in
the ceiling, and at a signal inundated the room beneath.
This was dexterously performed. The powder and its train
were in an instant rendered useless. Still, however, to
descend was the difficulty, as but one person could do so at a
time. The disproportion of physical strength that appa-
rently awaited the first intruder, prevented for some time
any further attempt. At last an Irishman, by the name of
McDole, who was a merchant, exclaimed, " Give me an
Irishman's gun, and I will go first.'' He was provided
instantly with a formidable cudgel, and with this in his hand
he descended, and at the same moment in which he struck
the floor, he levelled the prisoner near him, and continued
to lay about him valiantly until the room was filled with a
strong party of citizens who came to his assistance through
the hole in the ceiling. After a hard struggle they were
secured, and the door which had been barricaded by brick
taken from the fire-place was opened.

They were almost immediately taken out for execution, and
the mob was sufficiently exasperated to have instantly taken
their punishment into their own hands. The prisoners
seemed to me when moving up the hill to wear an air of great
gloom and ill nature. No one appeared to pity them, and
their own hopes of being released by some fortunate circum-
stance, as by the intervention of the enemy, had now vanished
for ever.

They arrived in a few minutes at the summit of the hill,
near or at the very place now covered with new and elegant
edifices, north and east of the Academy, and there upon one
gallows of rude construction ended they their miserable lives
together. — Sexagenary.

A Canadian Invasion. 319

A CANADIAN INVASION.

In the year 1687 the French in Canada made preparations
to invade the Five Nations which were under the protection
of New York. This was three years before the invasion by
the French, which resulted in the destruction of Schenectady.
The authorities of Albany seem to have been always on the
alert 3 and information was received at Albany in the fall,
of the movements of the enemy, whereupon the following
proceedings were had in council. (^See Doc. Hist. iV. Y.y
vol. i, p. 272.)

Council Held at ffort James ; ffriday the ninth of September
1687. Present His Excy the Govern ^ &c.

Tnformacon being given to his Excy and some of the
Members of ye Board that ye ffrench at Canada are providing
fifteen hundred pair of Snowshews.

Ordered that ye Mayor and Magistrates of Albany send
ordi"* to the five Nations to bring Down their Wives Children
and old men least ye ifrench come uppon them in the Winter
and none to stay in the Castles but ye yong men. That
they who come be setled some at Cats Kill Levingstons land
and along ye River where they can find Conveniency to be
neer us to assist them if they should want and that they send
Downe with them all ye Indyan Corne that can be spared
by ye Young Men who are to stay in ye Castles.

Councill Held at ffort James ; Sonday the ll^^of Septemb^
1687. Present His Excy the Govern •• &c.

Letters from Albany giveing account that the people there
are in great Consternation thro apprehension that ye ffrench
will come down uppon them this Winter.

Resolved that Every tenth man of all ye Militia troupes
& Companys within the Province Except those who were
out ye last yeare a whaling be Drawn out to go up thither.

Accordingly, forces were sent to Albany, and Gov. Dongan
came up himself to assist in sustaining the Indians against

320

A Canadian Invasion,

their enemies. By tlie report of Robert Livingston, made
ot the Council, April 30, 1688, of his disbursements at Albany,
for the maintenance of the forces, gifts and presents to the
Indians; and relief of French prisoners, from August 11,
1687, to June 1, 1688, amounted to £2067 6s. 4d. It ap-
pears that these expenses required a new levy of £2556 4s.
to be made upon all the inhabitants and free holders of the
province, of which sum the proportion allotted to the city
and county of Albany was £240 ($570.) The pay of officers
and soldiers employed in the service, was as follows :

The Major ten Shillings Cur"

per diem.

The Captn of horse £0.10.0

The Lievt do 0. 7 0

The Cornett - - - 0. 6.0

The Quartermaster - 0. 5.0

The Corporall - - 0. 2.0

The Trumpiter - 0. 2.0

The Troopers - - 0. 1.6

Money of this Province.

per diem.
TheCaptoffflfoott - - £0.8.0
The Lievt - - 0.4.0

The Ensigne - - 0.3.0

The Sergeant - 0.1.6

The Corporall - - 0.1.0

The Drumbeater - 0-1.0

The rest of the private men 0.0.8

Chronicle of Events in Albany, 321

CHRONICLE OF EVENTS IN ALBANY, 1847 AND 1848.

September, 1847.

13. The Albany Morning Express^ a penny daily paper
commenced by Stone & Henly,with a reported sale of 1,600
copies of the first number. James Stanley Smith, editor.
This constituted the fifth daily paper in the city at this time.

Capt. Abram Van OLinda of the Albany Republican

Artillery, killed at the battle of Chapultepec, in Mexico.

The fall examination of the State Normal School com-.

menced. At the close of the exercises 64 graduates received

their diplomas The superintendent of the Alms House

reported to the Common Council, that the establishment had
in charge 404 persons, the majority of them sick.

14. John H. Webb, of the late firm of Webb & Hummer,
in this city, died at Hartford, Ct.

15. News received of the battles of Contreras and Cheru-
busco, which were fought in Mexico on the 18th and 19th
of August, in which Lieut. Jacob Grriffin of Albany was
among the wounded.

16. First frost of the season A fire occurred at No.

164 North Pearl street, which destroyed the large carpenter's
shop of John Jervis, a two-story dwelling house, with several
adjoining sheds. The firemen had a quarrel on the occasion.

17. Andrew Hamburgh died, aged 24.

18. Hannah Leavitt died, aged 51 ; wife of N. K. Leavitt.

19. Rev. John McCloskey installed, by Bishop Hughes,

the first bishop of the new diocese of Albany Mary Law

died, aged 55.

20. Upwards of a hundred vessels in port,

22. Flour $5.75 William T. Lee, formerly of this city,

died at Philadelphia, aged 27.

23. Margaret Nugent died, aged 33; wife of Henry P.
Nugent.

24. The Democratic County Convention met; two sets of
delegates appeared from one of the wards ; failing to eff'ect a
compromise, a separation took place, the Barnburners choos-

322 Chronicle of Events in Albany, [Oct.

iug Peter Cagger to tlie state convention proposed to be held
at Syracuse, and the Old Hunkers choosing Henry Rector.
Both parties nominated Conrad A. Ten Eyck for Assembly.

Charles C. Yail died, aged 21 John Stanwix died,

aged 39 Lydia Piatt died, aged 82; widow of the* late

Annanias Piatt.

25. The following steam boats were advertised to leave
for New York this day : Hendrik Hudson, Captain Crutten-
den; Isaac Newton, Capt. Peck; South America, Capt.
Hultse; Columbia, Capt. Tupper; Rip Van Winkle, Capt.
Riggs; Alida, Capt. Gr. D. Tupper; New Jersey, Capt.

Hitchcock; all night boats except the Alida Martha

Tappin died, aged 78 Wm. J. McDermott died, aged

25 ; a printer, of New York, formerly of this city.

27. Over 20,000 bushels of corn arrived by canal this

day The first term of the Court of Appeals held in this

city, closed its session, having exhausted the calendar of 40
cases.

29. The Whig County Convention met, and nominated
Robert H. Pruyn for Assembly.

30. The amount of flour transported over the Boston and
Albany Rail Road since the 1st of January, 352,317 barrels
more than the quantity transported in the same space of time
last year. Receipts for September, 47,527 barrels.

October, 1847.

1. Catharine Van Benthuysen died, aged 33.

4. Mary M. Dexter died, wife of George Dexter.

5. The district schools of the city held a celebration. The
scholars, numbering near 2,000, marched in procession with
banners to the park in South Pearl street, below Lydius,
known as Kane's Walk, where addresses were delivered and
several pieces of music sung. The nine district schools of

the city are attended by about 5,000 pupils, usually James

Clark died, aged 74; a merchant of good standing and
wealth, for many years extensively engaged in the dry goods

line, on the corner of Broadway and State street Mary

A. Davidson died, aged 75.

6. G-reat meeting at the Capitol of the friends of a general

manufacturing law. Fire in the sheds behind the two-story

brick row, 182 and 192 North Pearl street; loss-about ^300.

1847.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 323

8. Great meeting of tliat portion of the democratic party
known as the Barnburners. There was much rain from
above, and indignation from below. John Van Buren recited
the wrongs and perils of himself and coadjutors at the recent
convention at Syracuse, where they were voted out as irregu-
lar delegates. His speech was received with great applause
on all sides.

9. During the week ending this day, 16,000 barrels of
flour were transported over the rail road to Boston.

10. Abigail Osgood died, aged 28.

13. A convention of Antirenters met in the city, and
adopted candidates from the tickets of the other parties, of
such men as were known to entertain favorable views of their
cause.

14. A meeting of the friends of the Wilmot Proviso, for
the disposition of the slavery question, convened at the City
Hall. Mr. Lewis of Ohio was the principal speaker on the
occasion.

15. Mary Osborn died, aged 69; wife of Jeremiah Osborn.
Chas. Van Ostrand died in New York, of an enlarge-
ment of the heart, aged 37; formerly a compositor in the
office of the Albany Argus.

16. Ann Eliza Henderson died at Jersey city ; widow of
David Henderson, and eldest daughter of Archibald Mcln-
tyre of this city.

17. An attempt made to fire the buildings in the rear of
McAuley's bakery in Grand street; it was discovered in

season to prevent much damage Mary Mott, formerly of

Albany, died at Battle creek, Michigan.

18. The members of the Comqion Council, and other citi-
zens, took passage in the Hendrik Hudson, to witness the
ceremony of laying the corner stone of the Washington

Monument, which took place on the 19th Moses Cook

died at Syracuse, aged 35; late of this city Martha S.

Mills died, aged 26.

19. The store of Matthew Jordan entered by burglars,

corner of Broadway and Steuben street Several bakers

prosecuted for selling light bread ; the trial adjourned, the
bakers contending that the Common Council have no right
to regulate the price of bread, or its weight A stated ses-
sion of the United States Circuit Court opened at the City

324 Chronicle of Events in Albany, [Oct.

Hall, with a large amount of criminal business on the calen-
dar. Judge Conkling presiding A select committee of

the House of Assembly reported a bill to tax bachelors and
widowers ; but the house disagreeing, it was referred to the

committee of the whole An omnibus commenced running

from the Exchange to Newton's Corners on the Shaker road.
......Elizabeth Evertsen, widow of Evert Evertsen, aged 88,

run over by a horse and cart, as she was crossing State street,
and so badly injured as to cause her death.

20. The Young Men's Association numbered 1,300 mem-
bers Nicholas Brower died, aged 53.

21. Capt. Frost, a stranger, walking late at night in Quay
street, was knocked down by two ruffians, and robbed, and

thrown into the Basin ; but was rescued, and his life saved

Bichard Schuyler and Robert Allen, concerned in an assault
and battery upon Thomas Sampson, captain of a canal boat,
with intent to kill, were captured and committed.

23. The trustees of the First Presbyterian Church, having
purchased a lot for a new building on the corner of Hudson
and Philip streets, contracted with J. R, Hays and Henry
Rector for its erection, at $50,000. The foundations were

begun Flour, $6.50; wheat, $1.40 ; corn, 71 cents ;

rye, 86 cents ; barley, 80 cents. In consequence of the
scarcity of vessels, and the inability of the rail road company
to transport flour rapidly enough to meet the eastern demand,
freights had advanced materially.

24. A collection taken in St. Joseph's Church for the
purpose of raising funds to build a Cathedral in Albany ;
$4,500 were received Peter Bulson died, aged 78.

25. A special committee of the Common Council reported
in favor of removing the dead in the Arbor Hill Burying
Ground (which are frequently exposed by persons digging
there for sand), to a suitable vault in the Albany Rural Ceme-
tery on the Troy road. No action was taken upon the subject.
The ground is now an open space, the bones being depo-
sited in the centre.

26. A meeting of the elder branch of the democratic party
was held at the Capitol in the evening, the younger branch
holding a convention at the same time in Herkimer. These
events were invested with extraordinary interest.

1847.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 325

28. Aurelia McGowan died, aged 40 ; wife of Minos Mc-

Gowan Dorothy E. Brown died, wife of Stephen A.

Brown.

29. Great meeting of the Barnburners at the Capitol ;
Mr. Wilmot, author of the famous proviso, was present, and
delivered a long speech. John Van Buren followed, and
received great applause for the eloquence, wit and sarcasm of
his harangue Genesee wheat 81.45.

30. Margaret Dermody died, aged 52, wife of Patrick Der-
mody.

31. Robert Lottridge died, aged 77 Thomas L. Wilson

died, aged 26 The number of deaths at the Alms House

for the last three months, 202 ; the great majority of cases
being ship fever, a new epidemic. Permits granted since
May 1st, 1200.

November, 1847.

1 . Whig rally at the Capitol ; said to have been '' not very

large, but enthusiastic." Splendid aurora borealis in the

evening There were 105 sloops and schooners lying at

the Pier, and the Basin was choked with all sorts of craft,

making preparation for the close of navigation Frances

H. Deforest died, aged 17; wife of James P. Deforest.

2. The election resulted, as usual, in the triumph of the
whigs.

3. Lucretia Johnson died, aged 68.

4. The weather extremely fine for the season ; in the lan-
guage of the editor of the Troy Budget," The golden sunshine

sleeps on the russet earth as quiet as an infant's slumber !"

Crawford Livingston died of consumption at the Mansion
House in Columbia county. He opened the first express
office in this city, known as Pomeroy's Express.

5. The steam tug Commerce left the Pier for New York,
with a convoy of 8 tow boats, and 12 lake boats, all heavily
laden ; and the North America left with 21 lakers in the same
condition. This was characterized as a hig haul. An
impetus was given to it by a dreadful scowl in the heavens.

Fire in Tivoli Hollow ; a large establishment in which

several kinds of manufacturing operations were carried on,

28

326 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Nov.

was burnt down ; loss upwards of $20,000 Wm. L.

Cranston died, aged 26.

9. This day was fixed upon by the Millerites for ending
the functions of the Earth ; but as on several other days pre-
viously appointed for the same catastrophe, the planet con-
tinued its accustomed functions, and left the deluded sect in
great perplexity Sarah Thomas died, aged 58.

10. There had been transported over the rail road to Bos-
ton, up to this time, ten months, 455,221 barrels of flour.

11. The number of prisoners in the Penitentiary was 100.
Flour $6.12 ; wheat $1.38 ; barley 87c.

13. Catharine Ostrander died at Tully, aged 97; widow of
John Ostrander a revolutionary ofl&cer and former sheriff of
Albany.

17. Warm day for the season Charlotte McCauley

died, aged 42.

18. Flour $5.87 ; two-rowed barley 87c. ) rye 92c. ; corn
75c John Long died, aged 26.

20. An affray between two engine companies, Nos. 5 and
6 ; one of No. 5's men had his jaw broken by a blow with a
pipe Martin White died, aged 64.

21. Elizabeth Baillie died, aged 74.

22. The weather at this time much resembled summer.

Thomas Waters died of apoplexy, aged 65 Charles

Van Loon, pastor of a Baptist church in Poughkeepsie, died
of apoplexy, aged 28. He was native of Albany, and a young
man of extraordinary talents.

23. Opening lecture before the Young Men^s Association
by Benjamin F. Butler, and a poem by Epes Sargent.

25. Thanksgiving day ; dark and gloomy A footrace

at the Bull's Head ; principal competitors Steeprock and
Smoke, two Indians : Smoke won the race by 50 yards, mak-
ing 10 miles in Ih. lis. ; the track heavy after a rain ; 500
spectators supposed to have been present Brilliant north-
ern light in the evening.

27. A forged draft presented and paid at the Exchange
Bank, purporting to have been drawn by Tweddle & Darling-
ton for $1,805.25 Thomas Rock died, aged 31.

28. The thermometer fell to 7° in the morning; the cold
was felt severely on account of the suddenness of the
change James Alfred Green died, aged 25 Alfred

1847. J Chronicle of Events in Albans/. 327

Groodwin died at Hartfort, Ct. ; he was of the firm of Good-
win & McKinney, hatterg, of Albany.

29. Flour $6.12; no wheat in market; barley 75c. ; oats
48c. ; among the produce which arrived in the Albany
Basin since the morning of the 27th, were 47,000 barrels
flour, 52,000 bushels wheat, 20,000 bushels barley, 20,000
bushels oats, 390,000 pounds cheese, nnd 160,000 pounds
butter. The receipts of flour exceeded 20.000 barrels a day
about this time A slight fail of snow.

30. The mercury in the thermometer went down to zero.

The number of arrests for criminal ofiences cognizable

at the police office during the year ending this day, was
2,859; being about 200 less than the previous year.

December, 1847.

1. The corner stone for a synagogue to accommodate the
Jewish congregation of Beth Jacob was laid with appropriate
ceremonies, at the corner of Lydius and Fulton streets, by

Rabbi Wise The amount of tolls at the canal collector's

oflace in this city since the opening of navigation was
$358,067.72; do. 1846, 8263,551.03; showing an increase

of 94,51 7. (»9, or 35 per cent Michael Dwyer robbed

Olivette Michal, a catholic priest, of $875, on the Troy

Boad ; and was apprehended a few days after Laughlen

McPherson died, aged 89. He had resided in the city about
twenty years, and was janitor of the Geological Rooms at the
time of his death.

4. A rain storm had continued 48 hours, and showed no

symptoms of a termination John W. H. Canoll died

aged 47.

5. Susan Anderson died, aged 67. She was one of the 18
persons who first united to form a Baptist society in this city
in the year 1811.

6. The corner stone of the edifice for the use of the First
Presbyterian Church was laid without special ceremony, on

the corner of Hudson and Philip streets T. W. Truax,

one of the night police, in attempting to stop a pair of
aff"righted horses, received a blow which resulted in death.

7. The first popular election of chief engineer of the fire
department took place, when James McQuade received 240
votes and John Niblock 208; majority for the former 82

328 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Dec.

So great was the contest that absentees were brought from
New York and Philadelphia, and only 44 voters were missing.

At a meeting of the Christian Mutual Benefit Society,

Lemuel Jenkins was chosen president for the ensuing year.

9. A festival held at the City Hall for the benefit of the

Union Mission Sunday School Canal closed. (?) The

receipts of some of the principal articles of breadstuff's at
Albany and Watervliet were as follows : Flour 3,951,722
barrels; wheat 3,897,576 bushels ; corn 6,021,144 bushels.
The value of the property received at the above places by
canal, was estimated at 872,365,986.

10. Rev. Dr. Scoresby of England, lectured before the
Young Men's Association, in the Third Presbyterian Church
on the Telescopes of Lord Rosse.

12. The river, swollen by the heavy rains of almost two
weeks' continuance, overflowed its limits and submerged the
Quay and lower part of the city.

13. A man by the name of Burns was drowned in the
river at the foot of Hamilton street, by the capsizing of a

boat James Manning died, aged 23 ; one of the reporters

for i\iQ Albany Atlas.

15. Mary Ridgeway died, aged 56.

16. Mr. Parsons, proprietor of the Carlton House, was
knocked down and robbed of $138 in the ofl&ce of that hotel,

at 4 o'clock in the morning Phoebe Lewis died, aged

75 ; wife of Col. Henry Lewis Store of Mr. Shoemaker

in Broadway, robbed by two boys, who were apprehended.

17. Charles D. Townsend died, aged 69. He had been a
practitioner of medicine in the city nearly half a century, and

acquired considerable eminence in his profession Oliver

Johnson died at Madeira, whither he had gone for the
recovery of his health.

18. First sleighing of any note.... ..William Roberts died,

aged 25 James Radliff" died, aged 62 Elizabeth

Veazie died, wife of Moses K. Veazie.

19. Catharine Irving died, aged 17.

23. The Middle Dutch Church, which had been closed
several months for repairs, was opened, having undergone
many improvements and decorations. The first commu-
nication by magnetic telegraph with St. Louis, Missouri

William Hale died, aged 57.

1847.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 329

24. The Columbia steam boat arrived from New York, and
was the last boat up this season.

25. Christmas — the day fine, and the sleighing of the best

kind Fire in the bakery of Stephen Paddock; damage

about $300.

26. Heman J. Whelpley died, aged 41; a legal practi-
tioner of extensive business, and an active member of the

whig party Margaret Delehanty died, aged 53; widow

of the late Daniel Delehanty The morning train west

(it being Sunday) had but about half a dozen passengers;
and the four trains during the day, (two each way) carried
but sixty-seven altogether. This state of things was a most
powerful argument, undoubtedly, for the suspension of the
Sunday trains, which was soon after effected.

30. William I. Winne died, aged 45.

31. The Housatonic train was detained by a dense fog,
and did not arrive at the depot in East Albany till 10

o'clock at night The trustees of the fire department

disbursed $429 to indigent and disabled firemen during the
year.

January, 1848.

1. New Year — the weather scarcely cold enough to

require fire A steam boat left New York, expecting to

reach Albany, but was debarred by the ice Lieut. Griffin

arrived from the seat of war in Mexico, where he had been

twice wounded David P. Page, first principal of the

State Normal School, died, aged 38 James Connolly,

while walking on the Quay, was assaulted by a blow, which
caused his death.

2. A fire at 2 o'clock in the morning destroyed the frame
building at the head of Yan Woert street.

4. The legislature commenced its session under the new

constitution, which limited its duration to 100 days The

governor's message, consisting of 12,000 words, was tele-
graphed to New York in 8 hours. It was transmitted to Sche-
nectady by rail road, in 29 minutes, and from thence to Utica
in 2 hours 1 minute.

7. River closed.

8. Peter Carmichael died, aged 38 James Boyd died,

aged 38.

330 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Feb.

11. Thermometer ranged from 15° to 18° below zero.

21. William B. Winne died, aged 90. He was 48 years
pen ny-postman

22. A pair of horses belonging to a farmer in Nassau, while
crossing the river at the Greenbush Ferry, broke through
the ice and were drowned.

24. Robert Taylor died, aged 45.

29. Jane K. Wyckoff, wife of Rev. I. N. Wyckoff, died.

Willard Walker died, aged 79; long an intelligent and

enterprising merchant.

30. Isaiah Breakey, physician, died, aged 50 James

A. Coulter died, aged 28 Hugh Riddle, a convict in the

Penitentiary, committed suicide.

81. The sabbath schools in the city numbered 33, with

554 teachers, and 2,497 scholars Number of criminal

arrests in the city during the month, 214 Alms House

expenses for the month, $3,544.

February, 1848.

1. Annual meeting of the New York State Medical So-
ciety : Dr. Alex. H. Stevens, president ; Dr. Alex. H. Thomp-
son, vice-president ; Dr. Peter Van Buren, secretary; Dr.
Peter Van OLinda, treasurer.

2. The committee of the whole in the House of Assembly,
struck out the enacting clause of the bill to encourage the
discovery of coal in the counties of Albany and Rensselaer.

A special meeting of the Common Council, on the

resignation of the ward physicians, to devise means of sup-
plying the poor with medical attendance Meeting of the

Board of Trade to elect its officers ; Wm. Chapman, president.

4. Jasper Hallenbake, M. D., died at New Orleans, aged

39; formerly of Albany Snow storm commenced on

Friday and continued till Saturday evening; the mildness of
the weather prevented its accumulation.

7. Major-General Quitman arrived in the city from Mexico
and met with an enthusiastic reception ; after which he made
the tour of the town, escorted by the military.

9. Mayor's Court, Recorder Wright presiding, who an-
nounced that there were 16 persons in jail awaiting trial.

The civil calendar numbered 12 cases Catharine Mahar

diedj aged 25.

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 331

10. Elisha C. Porter died, aged 34.

12. Livingston Ludlow Humphrey died, aged 28.

14. Catharine Van Zandt died, aged 60; widow of John

Van Zandt Upwards of 7,000 valentines passed through

the post office.

17. The sheriff going out to Berne to sell property, taken
for rent, was followed by forty men on horseback, blowing
horns and insulting him and his posse. No bids being made
on the property, he brought away a pair of horses and a
wagon.

19. William Jenkinson died, aged 81 Emma Webster

died, aged 21 ; wife of M. L. Webster The Directors of

the New York and Albany Kail Road decided on adopting
the river line of survey, ten to two.

20. The number of convictions for state prison offences in
the city during the last ten years, 335. Three persons in that
time were convicted of murder, of which number, one was
hung. The number of petit-larceny convictions, 800.

21. Aurora borealis, which assumed such an unusual
appearance, as to cause an alarm of fire.

22. The anniversary of Washington's birthday celebrated

with great enthusiasm George W. Hawley died, aged

39 John Carroll died.

23. Elizabeth Davis died, aged 53 Jane Anderson

died, aged 29.

24. Announcement of the death of John Quincy Adams.
John W. Jackson died, aged 66.

25. William Nordin died, aged 56.

26. Amy Roberts died, aged 80.

27. Navigation open as far north as Hudson.

29. Prof. Agassiz commenced his course of lectures on

Natural History at the Albany Female Academy Lester

Bucklin Brown died, aged 22 Jane Frazer died, aged

77 ; wife of John Frazer During the month there were

175 cases under medical treatment at the Alms House, of
which 7 died.

March, 1848.
1. A fire about 1 o'clock in the morning, at No. 83 Quay
street, which communicated with about 20 brick and wooden
buildings on the Dock and Broadway, below Hamilton street.

332 Chronicle of Events in Albany, [March

Richard Gillespie, a printer, was killed by the falling of
a wall, and two persons were burnt in the house where the
fire originated. Loss of property estimated at $70,000.

2. Richard Van Zandt died, aged 23.

3. Benjamin Van Benthuysen died, aged 70; Laura A.
Bowers died, aged 26 ; wife of Augustus Bowers.

4. Horace H. Grladding died, aged 20 ; Miss Buddington,
a pupil of the Normal School, died.

5. Richard Rosier died, aged 73 ; Isabella Orr died, aged
57 ; wife of Samuel Orr.

6. Joseph Curtiss died, aged 71 ', Melissa Prime died,
aged 34; James H. Brown died, aged 42.

7. Circulation of the Albany Eveniiig Journal^ daily,
weekly and semi-weekly, stated to be 14,400.

8. Stephen Traver died, aged 37.

10. The grand jury presented " the rum and beer shops"
of the city and county as a very serious evil, nearly all the
business brought before the grand jury originating in these
places ; that in their opinion the great expenses incurred by
the county for Alms House, Penitentiary and Jail expen-
ditures, grow out of the riots, robberies, assaults and batte-
ries, and violations of the sabbath that occur or are con-
nected with these places.

11. Thomas W. Harman, attorney, died at Schenectady,
formerly a resident in Albany.

12. Alice Adaline Tallman died, aged 44; wife of

Jonathan Tallman Ruth Ann Glovenbury died suddenly,

suspected to have been murdered A meteor observed

about 11 o'clock in the evening, in the northwest, which
burst with an intonation resemblino^ distant thunder.

13. Among the bills reported in the Assembly was one for
the removal of the capital to New York; one for the con-
struction of a bridge over the Basin; and one against the

construction of a bridge over the Hudson at Albany

Ambrose Spencer died at Lyons, aged 83 ; he was many
years chief justice of the state, and w.as regarded as one of
the most distinguished jurists which the country has

produced. He was interred at Albany Lawrence L.

Schuyler died, aged 49.

14. A meeting of citizens of Watervliet, when several
thousand dollars were subscribed towards building a plank

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 333

road from Albany to the Mohawk river, witli a view to its

continuance to Saratoga The managers of the Married

Sociable transmitted to the treasurer of the Orphan Asylum
$304.50, the avails of their ball given on the 7th in aid of
the funds of that institution.

15. Cold day; 3° below 0, at 5 o'clock in the morning.

Philip Vanderlip died, aged 54.... ..Odd Fellows' Hall,

Cooper's Building, corner Green and State streets, dedicated.

17. St. Patrick's day celebrated with unusual ceremonies
at the Catholic churches, and by the Hibernian Provident

Society Thomas Lee died, aged 59 David B. Beatson,

late of .Albany, died in New York, aged 40.

18. The funeral of Judge Ambrose Spencer took place
from St. Peter's church. The procession was one of the most
imposing that had been witnessed in many years. He was
born in Salisbury, Conn., 1765, and became a citizen of
Albany in 1804, in which year he received the appointment
of attorney-general of the state, and resided here until 1839.
His house in Washington street was afterwards occupied by

his son, John C. Spencer, until the death of the latter

Capt. John Cook, of the Artillery, left the city for the army
in Mexico, and was escorted to the depot by his company.

19. Chapelof the Penitentiary formally dedicated; sermon

by Dr. WyckoflF on the occasion Richard Graves died.

Mrs Elizabeth Foot died, aged 44 Henry Y.

Lansing died, aged 29.

20. Capt. B. S. Roberts, of the Mounted Rifles, who was
the first to plant the American flag upon the national palace
of Mexico, and the first to enter the halls of the 3fontezumas,
arrived in Albany and received calls at the Mansion House.

Sarah Bay Livingston died at New York; widow of the

late Edward Livingston and youngest daughter of the late
Chancellor Livingston.. ....Rebecca Elizabeth Mix died, aged

22 John Niblock, walking in the evening in Broadway,

was assailed and stabbed in both arms.

21. The steam boat Columbia reached Van Wie's Point,
six miles below the city.

22. The ice slipped away quietly, without subjecting us to
the usual annoyance of high water, and the steam boat
Admiral arrived during the day, and left again in the

334 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Apb.

evening for New York Charles Quackenboss died of

congestion of the brain, aged 33.

23. Sarah Tompkins died, aged 38.

24. The bill authorizing the construction of a bridge
across the Basin at the foot of State street, of the full width
of the street, and another for opening a street on the Pier to
the same width, passed the Assembly.

27. The steam boat Isaac Newton, on her way up the

Hudson, ran down and sank a schooner The first tow

boat fleet of the season arrived from New York, consisting
of 17 barges, conveyed by the old Commerce, and laden with

spring importations for Albany merchants principally

The chamberlain reported that the whole expense of medical

service for the poor since May 1, 1847, was $2,832.12

Amount of business done at the justices' court, for the year
ending this day, as follows: whole number of suits 2,400;
amount of fees $3,300; of which $1,189.83 remained uncol-
lected. Each of the members of the court (three justices and
one clerk) received $527.56 ; do. the previous year $738.87.

28. The two sections of the Democratic party united in the

nomination of Dr. Thomas Hun for mayor Albany and

Cohoes Rail Road bill passed the senate.

29. Nicholas Van Rensselaer, a soldier of the revolution,
died, aged 94. He was with Montgomery at the storming
of Quebec; was at Ticonderoga, Fort Miller, Fort Ann, and
at Remis's Heights, and was deputed to convey the intel-
ligence of Burgoyne's surrender to the citizens of Albany.

30. The Whigs nominated John Taylor for mayor.

31. Anna Maria Tyler died, aged 51; wife of Benjamin
O. Tyler.

April, 1848.

1. William Caldwell, a retired merchant, died, aged 72.
His place of business, in which he succeeded his father,
James Caldwell, was at No. 58 State street. Since his re-
tirement, he resided principally at Caldwell, Lake George,
where he had a large estate. (See Random Recollections

of Albany, p. 97) Margaret Jane Bell died, aged 21 ;

daughter of Joseph Bell.

3. Isabella Adeline Peckham, died ; wife of Rufus H.
Peckham, and daughter of Rev. Wm. B. Lacy.

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 835

4. John T. Richards died, aged 23 Richard Thompson

died, aged 45.

6. A fire in Chapel street destroyed a carpenter's shop

and the candle factory of Josiah Winants Hon. Wm. H.

Seward delivered an eulogy on the late John Quincy Adams,

in the North Dutch Church A splendid display of aurora

borealis.

7. Charles Davis died, aged 26 Maria Vibbard died,

aged 30; wife of Philip G. Vibbard.

9. Caroline Schmidt died, wife of Rev. F. W. Schmidt,
pastor of the German Lutheran Church.

11. Charter election, which resulted in the success of the
Whig candidate for mayor, by 129 majority. The vote stood
for John Taylor 3,115 -, for Dr. T. Hun 2,977 .The le-
gislature appropriated $15,000 for the erection of an edifice
for the State Normal School — a sum quite inadequate to the
purpose.

12. The legislature, having sat out its term of one hun-
dred days, prescribed by the new constitution, adjourned at
2 o'clock in the afternoon, having passed 381 laws.

13. Catharine Douw died, widow of John D. P. Douw.

Mary Ann La Grange died, aged 51 Gertrude Van

Sanford died, aged 67.

14. The new steam tug Baltic, intended for the service of
the Albany Tow Boat Company, came up to take her place in

the line A halibut, captured ofi" St. George's Bank,

weighing upwards of 300 lbs., displayed in the Albany fish

market Meeting of Germans, French and Poles at the

National Hotel, to celebrate the establishment of a republic
in France, and the rapid progress of republicanism through-
out Germany and Europe.

15. The law went into efiect prohibiting dogs from running

at large without muzzles A fire in the vicinity of the

Basin above Colonic street, destroyed much property and
rendered several families houseless. A riot among the fire-
men.

18. Meetins: of the new board of Common Council for
organization. The following appointments were made : L.
D. Holstein, clerk ;H. H. Hickcox,dep. chamberlain; Hooper
C. Van Vorst, attorney; George W. Carpenter, surveyor;
Samuel McElroy, assistant surveyor ; Nelson W. Scovel,

836 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Aps.

marslial ; John McBride, overseer of poor ; Henry B. Fay,
almshouse physician.

19. Cold day, snow fell to a considerable depth, accom-
panied by a piercing wind from the north Mary Jane

Wright died, aged 29 ; wife of Samuel Wright.

20. James Farrell died, aged 78 Garrett Middleton

died, aged 42.

22. Joseph Grraham died, aged 35 The Armenia, a

new steam boat, left New York at 7 o'clock in the morning,
made the usual landings, and arrived at the dock at 4 o'clock.

A fire, supposed to have been incendiary, consumed the

out houses in the rear of 111 Washington street; 2 horses
burnt.

24. Great fires ; commenced on the corner of Westerlo
and Church streets, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and before
it was quelled, destroyed twenty buildiugs on Church,
Westerlo, Dallius and John streets, and among them the
Free Missionary Protestant Church. Loss estimated at 830,-
000. This fire was hardly subdued, before another broke
out about 10 o'clock in the evening, near the corner of Green
and Beaver streets, which destroyed about twenty more

buildings, valued at more than $60,000 Margaret Yates

died; wife of Benjamin Yates.

25. William Hamburgh died, aged 20.

26. Chester Moore died of apoplexy, aged 55 Sarah

Dodge died, aged 83; widow of Edmond Dodge Catha-
rine M. Van Buren died, aged 30 ; wife of S. G. Van Buren.

27. Elizabeth Whalen died, aged 64; wife of Jeremiah
Whalen.

28. Jewish Synagogue, Beth Jacob, in Fulton street,

consecrated Greatmeeting at the Capitol of the friends

of progressive liberty, to congratulate on the recent move-
ments in Europe.

29. Jane McXaughton died, wife of Peter McNaughton.

The Carlton House, corner of South Pearl and State

streets, took fire, and narrowly escaped destruction A

portion of the walls of the Westerlo street church, which
was burnt at the late fire, were blown down by the high wind,
and buried two boys.

30. Mary Mahar died, aged 60 ; wife of James Maher

Sarah Schuyler died, widow of Harmanus P. Schuyler.

1848.] Chronicle of JSvents in Albany. B37

May, 1848.

1. The Common Council made tlie annual appointments of
watchmen, street-inspectors, &c., and offered a standing
reward of $100 for the discovery of any person engaged in
setting fire to any building in the city.

2. James Foster died, aged 62 Elizabeth M. Osbrey

died, aged 28 ; wife of William L Osbrey.

3. Caroline Smith, accused of stealing a child, having
several times escaped the hands of justice, was finally tried
and convicted, and sentenced to three years imprisonment at
Sing Sing.

4. Betsey Bentley died, aged 80 ; widow of Capt. Randall
Bentley James Gough died, aged 37.

6. The steam boats Alida and Hendrik Hudson left New
York at 7 o'clock in the morning, and arrived at Albany,
the former at 2 o'clock 55 minutes, and the latter 15 minutes
after, having made but one landing on the way up. The
time made by the Alida was as follows : Caldwell 9^.
7m. ; West Point, 9A. 34m. ; Newburgh, 9A. 55 Jm.; Pough-
keepsie, lOA. 4:{)m.; (landed 21m.); Hyde Park, llA. ;
Catskill, 12^. 31m.; Athens, 12^. 42m.; Albany, 2h, 55m.
The two boats not more than 15m. apart during the whole
eight hours, with an ebb tide.

6. Peter Drum died, aged 45.

8. Steam propeller iVlbany arrived from Hartford, in-
tended for freight and passengers ; length 140 feet, burden

240 tons; built in Philadelphia Alfred Wickes died,

aged 30.

9. Mrs. Merrifield, wife of Richard Merrifield, died

Meeting of the friends of Ireland at the City Hall; adopted
a constitution, and elected officers, John Tracy in the chair j
Robt. Higgles and Matthew Jordan, secretaries; Wm. Hawe,
treasurer.

10. Hannah Vosburgh died, aged 82 George W.

-Gardner died, aged 35 Nearly 1,000 Swiss emigrants ar-
rived by the morning boats, on their way to Wisconsin.

11. Abram Pittenger died, aged 47.

12. High water ; a rise of 5 feet in 17 hours ; docks over-
flowed William Newton of Albany died at Vera Cruz,

aged 24.

29

338 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [June

13. The Albany and Cohoes Rail Road Company elected

its officers Two frame houses in Centre street destroyed

by fire Levi S. HoflFman died, aged 45 Ann Taylor

died, wife of Robert Taylor.

14. Severe frost, which nipped many tender buds

Edmund Hall, arrested for a robbery committed the night
previous.

15. The Board of Trade commenced operations in the ro-
tunda of the Exchange The camphene store of S. T.

Thorn, in Church street, took fire, which communicated
with twenty-five other buildings before it was arrested. A

Dutch immigrant lost $1,450 in gold, his all, Fires and

robberies were of daily occurrence to an extent never before
known.

18. William A. McKown died, aged 39.

19. Michael Henley died.

24. William B. Emerson died, aged 36.

30. A sportsman's club organized, at a meeting of citi-
zens at the Broadway House; having for its object the ob-
servance of the law for the preservation of game.

31. John Gr. Russ drowned in the Basin, in attempting to
get on board a canal boat ; his wife and children were pre-
sent at the occurrence Business of the justices' court for

the month of May ; suits commenced, 270 ; amounts received

for costs, $194.12; amount outstanding, $115 A frost at

some places near the city.

June, 1848.

1. Capt. Edward Whitney died, aged 49 Mary

Schuyler died, aged 68; widow of Samuel Schuyler

Elizabeth Garretson died,

2. James C. Mull, stabbed several days previously by an
insane man, died of his wounds.

4. Matthew Gregory died, aged 91 ; he was an officer of
the revolution, and one of the few survivors of the ancient
order of Cincinnati. He came to this city soon after the
war, was successful in business, and retired with an ample
fortune. (See Random Recollections of Albany^ Munsell's ed.,
p. 80).

5. The Albany County Court entertained an application
for the incorporation of the village of Cohoes, under the act

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 339

of 1847. The village contained an area of If square miles,
and had a population of 4,200 inhabitants,

7. The great menagerie of Sands, Lent & Co., entered the
city, presenting a pageant of some interest. The huge
gilded chariot, drawn by four large elephants, contrasted
singularly enough with tl;e Liliputian chariot, drawn by
eight Shetland ponies — a new era in Caravans.

12. The Common Council refused to grant $250 towards
defraying the expenses of the Fourth of July Celebration,
whereat much wrath and indignation was enkindled.

17. The Pearl Street House burnt Andrew Lloyd

died, aged 74 Abby M. Delavan died, aged 47; wife of

Edward C. Delavan.

22. The firemen had a riot on the corner of State and
Pearl streets. The walks and streets were plentifully sprink-
led with bricks and stones, on the following morning, and
the doors and windows of the houses in the vicinity, pre-
sented indelible marks of the force with which the missiles
were hurled.

26. Anna Garrison died, aged 97.

27. A meeting in the park, announced by the blaze of tar
and the roar of cannon, to respond to the nomination of
Taylor and Fillmore.

29. Anna Matilda Visscher died.
80. James Lightbody died, aged 88.

July, 1848.

1. Elizabeth Campbell died, aged 18.

2. Corner stone of the Catholic Cathedral laid, on the

corner of Eagle and Lydius streets, by Bishop Hughes

Charles Sayles died, aged 70.

4. The national holiday celebrated with its usual accom-
paniments, but with an unwonted sullenness, on account of
what was deemed an overweening parsimony on the part of
the Common Council in withholding supplies for ammunition

ad libitum The remains of Capt. Abraham Van OLinda

arrived in the morning, from Mexico, and were escorted to
the City Hall.

5. Twentieth anniversary of the Albany Female Seminary,
under Rev. Mr. Garfield.

340 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [July

7. The funeral honors to the remains of Capt. Van OLinda

were performed. The eulogy by Col. John Sharts A

man killed by an accident, while laying the foundation of
the Cathedral, in Lydius street John Summers died.

8. As an instance of commercial despatch quite extraordi-
nary, the steam propeller Mohawk arrived from Hartford in
the morning, was unladen, took in about 300 tons of freight,
mostly corn, and sailed on her return the same evening.

9. Catharine Staats died, aged 65; wife of William N.
Staats Bridget English died, wife of Patrick English.

11. Canal Bank closed by order of the comptroller, and a

commission issued to investigate its concerns Splendid

display of aurora borealis in the evening Seventh anni-
versary of the Alumnse of the Albany Female Academy.

13. The workmen engaged in laying gas pipes in Broad-
way, above Steuben street, came in contact with the founda-
tion of the ancient mansion of Gen. Ten Broeck, which half
a century before stood across Broadway at that point. At the
time it was built it was outside of the city walls or stockades.

The Boston City Guards arrived, as the guests of the

Albany Burgesses Corps, by whom they were received and es-
corted.. Enthusiastic meeting of the friends of Ireland at

the Capitol, Hon. Erastus Corning presiding. There was uni-
versal sympathy for the cause of Ireland, in view of the ex-
pected outbreak in that country, for freedom from British do-
minion.

14. This, it is believed, was the first day of the discon-
tinuance of the Sunday train of cars west George S.

Brown died, aged 38.

15. Anna T. Gough died, wife of John T. Gough.

16. Garret Hogan died, aged 65. He had filled the
offices of county treasurer, deputy sheriff, and various other
places of trust, with great fidelity and zeal for the public in-
terest. He resigned the office of secretary of the Albany
County Mutual Insurance Company, on account of ill health,
some time before his death, the business of which he had con-
ducted with faithfulness nearly eight years.

17. The steam boat Oswego arrived from New York with
a fleet of 5 barges and 24 lake boats in tow, all heavily laden.

Upwards of 300 men engaged in the construction of a

new depot to accommodate the increasing trade between this

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 341

city and Boston. Its dimensions were 750 feet by 183 feet;
believed tohavebeen the largest building in theUnited States.

18. Dr. Henry McHarg died, aged 23 William Long

died, aged 62 Henry B,. Gossman died at Cayuga Bridge,

aged 28 ; formerly of Albany Ann Kilkenny died, aged

29 ; wife of Francis Kilkenny.

19. Feast of St. Vincent observed at St, Joseph's Church,
by the celebration of the pontifical high mass by Bishop
McCloskey, and the panegyric of St. Vincent was delivered

by Rev. Dr. McCaffrey, of Maryland The Rev. Benj. N.

Martin was installed pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian
Church. The Rev. E. N. Kirk and the Rev. Mr. Fisher of
Cincinnati, former pastors of the church, officiated on the

occasion Meeting of the Barnburners at the Capitol, to

respond to the nomination of Martin Van Buren for pre-
sident.

20. John Leonard died, aged 18.

21. About 700 recruits passed through the city in the
morning, destined for the newly acquired territory in Mexico.

24, Sarah Justina Fassett died, aged 23,

25. Company H, 1st Regiment New York Volunteers,
Capt Farnsworth, arrived on board the Hendrik Hudson,
and were gallantly received by the several military companies
of the city, consisting of the Albany Republican Artillery,
Albany Burgesses Corps, Emmet Guards^ Van Rensselaer
Guards, and Washington Riflemen, Capt. Farnsworth suc-
ceeded to the command on the death of Van OLinda. Of
the 70 privates who left the city, but 45 returned.

28. Anniversary of the district schools. The pupils
assembled in the Capitol park, to the number of upwards of
2,000, and walked in procession to Kane's walk, corner of
South Pearl and Westerlo streets, where appropriate exer-
cises were held,

29. John S. Vandervolgen died.

30. Cornelius Alexander died A robber assaulted

alady in the street, who was accompanied by another lady and
a gentleman, and wrested from her hand a purse of money
and a ring valued at $20, with which he fled and eluded
pursuit.

3L A new organ of great power, recently placed in the
Middle Dutch Church, was opened for public inspection. It

342 Chronicle of Events in Albany, [Aug.

was tlie largest in the city, and cost $4,000 A meeting

at the Capitol of the friends of Ireland, the mayor in the chair.

Great rain storm at night, which damaged streets and

houses. Nea'rly 2 inches of rain fell, about a week^s supply
in a rainy season.

August, 1848.

1. Jacob Featherly died, aged 45 Elizabeth Damming

died, aged 17.

2. Jeremiah Smith died, aged 88.

3. Mariah Hallenbake died, aged 21 ; wife of Christopher
Hallenbake.

4. Margaret Bryan died, aged 24 John G-lass fell

from a tow boat and was drowned.

6. Charlotte Hoard died, aged 84; widow of Jonathan
Hoard, a revolutionary soldier.

8. Four military companies arrived from New York as the
guests of the Emmet Guards. They were accompanied by
Lothian^s Band ; and having extended their visit to the
Watervliet Arsenal, and Troy, returned by the evening boat
to New York.

10. Dr. Jonathan Eights died at his residence, corner
North Pearl and Columbia streets, aged 75. He practiced
his profession in this city nearly half a century, with dis-
tinguished skill and success, and was universally esteemed

and respected William Updike died of paralysis, aged

34 Mary Jane Van Buren died, aged 22.

12. Thos. Sullivan, a deaf mute, run over by the Troy rail
road train and killed.

13. James Aiken died of paralysis, aged 59.

15. Dr. Morrell made an ascension in a balloon from the
Mineral Spring Garden in Ferry street. The ropes were
cut about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and the balloon rose

majestically, and took a northerly direction Thomas

Maher, aged 8 years, was drowned in the pond at the head
of Canal street, formed by the pent up waters which for-
merly supplied the Foxes kil. This was the sixth life lost
in the pond during two years.

17. The Great Fire. It broke out in a small shed ad-
joining the Albion Hotel, corner of Broadway and Herkimer
streets, said to have been occasioned by a washerwoman's

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 343

bonnet taking fire. The flames spread with great rapidity
before a south wind, taking in their course both sides of
Broadway and Church street, and crossing to the Pier, swept
every thing down as far as the cut at the foot of Maiden lane.
The large buildings in the vicinity of the Eagle Tavern
presented a temporary barrier to the flames, which having
passed, they swept on as far as the corner of Hudson street.
The wind then suddenly shifted to the north, and drove
the fire in an opposite direction. At night it commenced
raining, which rendered the buildings less combustible, and
assisted in staying the conflagration. Besides the great num-
ber of buildings consumed, vast quantities of every kind of
property perished with them. The losses of the insurance
companies was full half a million, and the whole loss could
not have been much short of three millions of dollars, con-
tained in about 600 houses. The exact area burnt over, in-
cluding Basin and Pier, was 37 acres, about one-thirtieth of
the whole city. It extended 700 feet west from the river
on Herkimer street, 350 on Dallius, running northwardly;
900 feet on Union street, continuing in the same direction ;
300 feet east on Hudson, and 1,600 on Quay street, running
south. This was the most densely populated part of the
city Robert Harvey died, aged 48.

21. The Common Council ordained that no wooden build-
ing or buildings wholly or partially covered with wood, should
thereafter be erected in any part of the city of Albany, east of
Lark street; and that every eaves trough, cornice and gutter
should be made of metal or other incombustible material.

22. Isaac Brown died at Somerville, N. J., aged 49; for-
merly a hardware merchant in Albany.

23. Eliza Salisbury died, aged 28; wife of William

Salisbury Benjamin P. Gregory, formerly of Albany,

died at Jersey city, aged 43.

25. Betsey McCarty died, aged 21.

26. Whig meeting called at the Capitol on the receipt of
Gen. Taylor's letter, accepting the nomination of the democrats
of Charleston, S. C, to run on their ticket with Gen. Butler.
Great indignation was expressed at this unexpected turn
of things, and the disposition prevailed to throw the General
overboard ; but it was wisely determined to postpone the act
to Monday night James Hanley, shot at a riot of firemen

344 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Sept.

on the 19th, died of the wound after a week of intense
suffering.

27. Perry Tucker died, aged 47.

28. The Common Council decided to improve the burnt
district by widening and straightening the streets, and rais-
ing the grade of Broadway between Hamilton and Lydius

streets Adjourned indignation meeting of the Whigs at

the Capitol, convened to digest the Taylor and Butler nomi-
nation at Charleston, S. C. It was decided that the alarm
of Saturday evening was groundless, and that there was no
danger to be apprehended from the circumstance of Gen.
Taylor having accepted a democratic nomination.

September, 1848.

1. Col. Robert E. Temple returned to the city from the
Mexican campaign George Eugan died of wounds re-
ceived by the fall of the draw at the Boston Ferry two
weeks before.

2. Mrs. Elizabeth Van Schaack died, aged 42 ; wife of
John Van Schaack.

3. Rev. Elias Vanderlip died, aged 84. He was the pa-
triarch of the Methodist Episcopal Church in this city. He
was born at Carl's Neck, Staten Island, Feb. 10, 1765, and
left fatherless at an early age. When the British took New
York, he was apprenticed to the shoe-making business. In
1787, he became a convert in the M. E. Church. In 1792,
he first began to exhort. In 1796, he settled in Albany
and opened a shoe store, but lost all his stock by fire ; he was
then invited to Niskayuna (now Watervliet) to preach. In
1800, he was ordained a deacon, and his first appointment was
to Pittsfield circuit in 1802. In 1804, he was ordained an
elder. In 1805, his name was put down for Albany. He
preached from 1805 to 1836, when he was obliged by old
age to desist. In April last he was laid upon his bed with a
broken thigh, from which, with the frosts of years thick
upon him, and fearless of death, his immortal spirit winged
its flight to a better world.

5. Althia A. Loveland died; a pupil of the Normal

School from Franklin, Delaware county Mary Relay died,

aged 86 ) widow of Robert Relay.

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 345

7. Hon. John C. Spencer, of Albany, delivered the Address
before the State Agricultural Society, at its annual fair, in
Buffiilo.

9. The receipts of the Albany and Boston rail road, for the
week ending this day, were $17,000 for passengers alone,
being the largest sum received from that source in any one
week since the opening of the road.

12. The new steam ferry boat, T. W. Olcott, commenced

running at the Albany and Boston Rail Road Ferry

Barney Flinn died, aged 34; a volunteer in the company
under Col. Temple.

13. Nomination of Gen. John A. Dix, by the Barnburner
or Free /S'oiY convention at Utica, for the office of governor of

the state The house of A. McCowan robbed of money

and jewelry.

14. Frost ; fires necessary in the morning.. ..Annual ex-
hibition of the Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural Society,

at the Geological Rooms Meeting of the Clay whigs at

the Capitol, when it was resolved to abandon Taylor, and

adopt Henry Clay, and attempt to carry his election

Meeting of the rail road companies at Utica, when it was
resolved to reduce the fare between Albany and Buffalo to

$9.75, being an average of 3 cents a mile Elizabeth

Wads worth died, aged 73.

15. Elizabeth Somers died, aged 48; widow of the late
John Somers.

18. The Common Council resolved to extend the area of
the steam boat landing south to Lydius street.

19. The members of the city corporation proceeded in a
body to Congress Hall to pay their respects to Gen. Worth.

On the opening of the Mayor's court the grand jury

came in with thirty indictments without having finished their
business. There were 170 criminal cases on the calendar

before The last remittance from the New York relief

committee to the sufferers by the fire in Albany, amounting

in the whole to $12,035 A ship carpenter by the name

of Paul, while engaged at work on a boat, fell into the Basin

and was drowned Flour $5.75 to $5.87J ; wheat $1.30;

oats 34 cents ; pork $13. The receipts by canal this day
were : flour 6,236 bushels ; ashes 47 do ; whiskey, &c.
7,600 gallons; corn, 3,296 bushels; barley 2,755; oats 7,246;

346 Ghrordcle of Events in Albany, [Oct.

wheat 4,948; peas and beans 225; clover and grass seed

1,100 lbs.; butter 49,520; cheese 20,262; wool 1,527

Sarah Winne died, aged 80 ; widow of Kilian I. Winne.

Elizabeth Loucks died, aged 63 ; wife of John H. Loucks.

Esther S. Meech died, aged 20.

20. Henry Z. Whitney died, aged 23.

21. The seventh semi-annual examination of the State
Normal School, when 96 pupils graduated.

22. Snow on the neighboring hills The heavy iron

rail on the Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road being completed ,
an experimental trip was made with three cars, resting upon
India rubber springs, and drawn by the 31ohawk locomotive,
built by McQueen. The trip was performed in 30 minutes,
and the return trip in 24 minutes, being at the rate of 42 J
miles an hour.

23. Dr. Christopher C. Yates died at Parishborough,
Nova Scotia; he was originally from Albany, and took a
very active and decided part in the controversy on the great

question of the origin and treatment of yellow fever

John W. Lightbody died, aged 26.

25. William R. Cantine died, aged 49 Thomas Flood

died, aged 39.

26. Meeting at the Capitol of the Old Hunkers^ to ratify the
state nominations. R. AV. Peckhara, Esq., and Mike Walsh
were the principal orators, and the consumption of tar was
enormous!

27. First heavy frost of the season, which had been unu-
sually cold with rain 13 days Thomas Gale died, aged

28 Peter H. Hilton died Abraham T. Evertsen

died, aged 41 Hannah Ten Eyck died, wife of William

Ten Eyck.

28. Convention of Antirenters, who nominated Gen. John
A. Dix for governor and George W. Patterson for lieutenant
governor.

29. Ellen Ann Graham died, aged 18.

30. David Hemphill died, aged 39.

October, 1848.

2. At a meeting of the Common Council, the committee
on the reorganization of the Fire Department reported in
favor of paying firemen §30 per annum, and appointing a

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 847

chief engineer, with a salary of §700j to devote his time

wholly to the duties appertaining to his office Matthew

Clerton died, aged 73.

4. Jane Van Schaack died ; widow of the late Nicholas
Van Schaack.

5. The county convention of Whigs nominated John L.
Schoolcraft for congress, and James Kidd for county trea-
surer Sarah A.nn Holliday died, aged 33 ; wife of James

Holliday Elizabeth Delehant died, aged 32; wife of

Andrew Delehant.

6. Flour, 85.50 to 85.87; buckwheat, $2.12; wheat,
$1.27; corn, 67c.; barley, 71c. to 74c.

7. Trotting match on the Troy road for a purse of $200.
Jack Rossiter and Lady Moscow were the only competitors;
the former won all three heats; time 2.38, 2.39, 2.37. After
which Ferguson and McGovern had a two mile foot race for
a purse of 830. Ferguson took it in 11.27 minutes.

8. F. W. Ingmire ordained as a minister of the gospel at

the Pearl Street Baptist Church William Maternaghan,

an auctioneer, long in the employ of J. I. Jones, found

drowned in the river below the city John A. Wilson

died, aged 51.

9. The steam boat Oswego reached the dock with 36 boats
in tow ; 13 barges and 23 lakers.

10. The Albany Burgesses Corps elected their officers for
the ensuing year.

11. William K. Amsden died, aged 28.

13. Robert Lyle, a native of Scotland, died Catherine

Carey died, aged 23.

14. The steam propeller Hartford made her first landing
here ; intended to run in connection with the Albany, be-
tween this city and Hartford ; being the third steam packet
plying between the two cities. Her capacity about fifty tons
greater than the Albany.

15. A fire destroyed the steam saw mill of Clement
Warren in Water street, corner of Quackenbush, a large
quantity of lumber adjoining, and the fur shop of George C.
Treadwell. Loss about 810,000.

16. Elvenah C. Anderson died, aged 16 Harriet Booth

died, aged 21 Mrs. Prudence White died, aged 60.

848 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Nov.

17. Mrs. Ann Bassett died at Penn Yan, aged 86; widow
of the Rev. John Bassett, formerly pastor of the Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church in Albany Mrs. Almira Bar-
nard died, aged 55.

20. James Keeler died at Summit, Wisconsin, aged 76;
forty years a resident in Albany.

22. Arthur Quinn died, aged 36.

23. The rail road train from Buffalo, under the new
arrangement, came through in 17 hours ; the usual time was

24 hours; a gain of nearly one-third James Butler died,

aged 40.

24. Sale of Dutch Church lots on Snipe, Knox, and Sand

streets, at $32.50 to $37.50 each James Frazer died, aged

52.

26. The hall corner of Green and Beaver streets, fitted
up for the use of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows,
was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies.

27. The iron cover of the great tank belonging to the gas
company, in the process of erection in the north part of the
city, fell about 2 o'clock, while more than 30 persons were
at work upon it, by which one was killed, and others severely
injured. The damage sustained by the company was about

$1,000 Griles Fredericks killed by the accident at the

gasworks Catharine Foy died, aged 50; wife of Philip

Foy.

29. Greorge L. Thomas shot by Jane Elizabeth Britton,

in John street Jane Connick died, aged 72; widow of

Andrew Connick Elizabeth Scott died, aged 59.

30. Dense fog; the steam boats due in the morning did not
arrive till 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The boats which left
this city the day before, were overtaken by the morning boats.

George Charles died, aged 81 Dr. Amos N. Burton

died, aged 87.

31. William Duncan Topp died, aged 42.

November, 1848.

1. Mutual agreement of the jewelers to close their stores

at 8 o'clock in the evening Rev. W. H. Waggoner settled

pastor of the Universaiist Church.

2. The stables of Judge Gansevoort and Watts Sherman
in Washington street set on fire and consumed in the evening.

1848.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 849

3. William Annesley died, aged 81.

4. Whig torch-light procession in the evening, daring
which several outrages and serious accidents occurred.

5. Rev. B. T. Welch announced to his congregation, the
First Baptist Church, in Pearl street, that he had accepted
a call to the Pierrepont street church in Brooklyn.

7. Election day ; the Whig ticket elected by a large ma-
jority; on the presidential electors, the vote stood for Taylor
3473 ; Cass 1883 ; Van Buren 1376 ; for congress, J. L.
Schoolcraft 3818; C. Bouton 1500; B. B. Wood 1351; for
assembly, R. H. Pruyn 1729; H. Rector 558; Amos Dean
631; Joel A. Wing 1858; Eli Perry 1011; J. R. Van
Rensselaer 27; Stewart 727. Connected with the usual bal-
loting, a vote was taken to get the public sentiment on the
scheme of supplying the city with water at the public ex-
pense. The vote for water was 4405; no water 6; brandy

and water, strong, 1 By a wonderful achievement of art

and science in the telegraph, the result of the elections in
Massachusetts and other more remote states was pretty cer-
tainly known before 9 o'clock in the evening; and within
twenty-four hours after the closing of the polls, it was ascer-
tained almost beyond question that Gen. Zachary Taylor
was elected president by a large majority of votes.

10. Cold morning ; thermometer indicated 15-j-O. Some

of the ponds in the vicinity frozen over Cecilia Williams

died in Xew York ; wife of Ezra Williams, and daughter of
the late Sebastian Visscher, of Albany Jeremiah Wal-
lace died, aged 80.

11. The mayor acknowledged a donation from the Shakers

of blankets to the value of several hundred dollars A

snow storm commenced in the evening Jennet White

Autey died, aged 48 ; wife of Alex. Autey.

13. Elizabeth Kelley died, wife of Michael Kelley,

20. Snow storm.

21. Monument erected in the cemetery over the grave of
Maj. Lewis N. Morris, who fell at the battle of Monterey.

22. Christopher Anthony died, aged 25.

23. Steam boat Belle left this port with 29 boats in tow,
and arrived at New York in 42 hours. The tonnage of this

fleet was 4,500, and its probable value $170,000 Patrick

Morrison died, aged 26.

30

350 Chronicle of Events in Albany, [Dec.

24. Uriah Marvin died, aged 79.

25. Silas Houghton, an aged and respected citizen died.
Mary Leslie died, aged 53.

26. Joseph S. Clark died, aged 68 Joseph Blake

died, aged 39,

27. The Common Council at a full meeting passed a new

fire law, entirely reorganizing the fire department James

Hays, a news boy, in attempting to jump from the cars fell

under the wheels, and was killed The steam boat Belle left

the dock with 39 boats in tow, and arrived in New York in
46 hours. This was by far the largest number of boats ever
attempted to be towed by one steam boat on the Hudson
river.

28. The firemen held an indignation meeting at the Capitol,
and had a procession with banners in honor of the new fire
law, which was not framed in consonance with their views

and feelings Joseph Robinson died, aged 62 Francis

Finnegan died, aged 53.

December, 1848.

5. Presidential electors of the state of New York met at
the Capitol at 4 o'clock afternoon, and having organized
adjourned to the following day, when they cast their votes
unanimously for Zachary Taylor for president of the United

States .Alida Visscher died, aged 82, widow of the late

Teunis Gr. Visscher.

6. Horace Pierce died, aged 42.

7. Great competition between the Isaac Newton and Rip
Van Winkle steam boats; prices of fare to New York 50 cts.
toO.

8. Margaret Mayer died, widow of the late Frederick Gr.
Mayer.

9. The canals closed by order of the commissioners, in
order to prosecute the enlargement. The weather was still
extremely mild, after a week of rain, and no ice had yet

formed either in the canal or river Dr. John H. Doug:-

lass, an aged and wealthy citizen of Troy, fell and expired in

the Capitol, while attending the comptroller's tax sale

Beermah B. Herner died, aged 35.

10. Elizabeth Van Bergen died Julia Ann Shaw died

11. Edward Harty died, aged 64.

1848.] Chronicle of Events in A Ihany. 351

14. Henry M. Fergusen died, aged 61. Thaddeus Pome-
roy died at Clinton, Mich., aged 30, formerly of Albany.

16. Athaliah Serviss died, wife of William Serviss.

17. Charles Roarke died, aged 41.

18. Fire in the area of the Carlton House Christiana

M. Vandenburgh died, aged 47; wife of John A. Yanden-
burgh.

20. James Goadby precipitated himself from a third story
window upon the street pavement, in a fit of derangement,

which caused his death Sarah Beuchanan died, aged 65.

James Maroney drowned in the Canal Basin Rev.

W. H. Wagoner installed pastor over the Universalist church.

21. Snow; no steam boat left for New York Nancy

Lo^ett died John MacNamara died, aged 30.

22. First sleighing Cynthia Y^ebster died at Albion,

Orleans county, aged 78 ; widow of the late Charles R.
Webster of Albany.

23. John Thomas, Jr. died John Timmons, a dray-
man, killed by a locomotive in attempting to cross the rail

road track before the train The cold weather completely

closed the river, but the Columbia forced her way up
through the ice.

24. Jane D. Thompson died, aged 80 Harriet Bassett

died, aged 16.

26. David Thomas died.

26. A train arrived from New York by the Housatonic
road, which opened on Christmas for the winter travel, pro-
mising to make daily trips in eight hours, by daylight

Fanny Perceval died, aged 50 ; wife of George Percevarl.

27. Rev. Rutger Yan Brunt installed pastor over the
Third Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany ; the
former pastor. Dr. William H. Campbell, preached the
installation sermon.

28. The river completely shut, no boat having arrived.

29. Jane Ann Boyd died, daughter of the late Peter Boyd.

30. Ceremony of presenting a sword to Gen. Wool took
place at the Capitol. The sword, the gift of the state, valued
at $1,700 was presented by the governor, John Young, and
was in approbation of his distinguished services in the war

with Mexico Seventy freight cars left the depot for

New York by the Housatonic road.

352 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Jan.

31. Trinity church, corner of Herkimer and Franklin
streets, purchased by the South Baptist Society, was first used
by them for public worship.

January, 1849.

1. New year; weather pleasant, and sleighing good

Hon. Hamilton Fish and George W. Patterson, Governor

and Lieut. Governor elect, inaugurated at the Capitol

Michael McKown died of a wound inflicted by William

Maxsted, Dec. 9th Total commitments to the penitentiary

for the year ending December last, 363 ) to the jail, 1,961.

2. Cold day; mercury 2° above zero The Governor's

message, by means of the magnetic telegraph, was promul-
gated at the western and southern extremities of the state
simultaneously with its being read in the Capitol.

5. Dr. Wing gave notice in the Assembly of a bill for the
removal of the Halenbeek burial ground, corner of S. Pearl

and Hamilton streets Benedict Lewis died, aged 66

John Paterson died, aged 76.

6. Peter Courtright died, aged 34.

7. Warner Daniels, junior, formerly of this city, died in

New York, aged 31 Mrs Euphemia, wife of William

Chambers, died, aged 31 Mrs. Philo D. Lyon died

Eev. Orville Dewey, D. D., having accepted an invitation to
preach for the Unitarian Society one year, entered upon the

duties of his office Weather very cold, the mercury

little above zero, Fahrenheit's scale.

8. Ice on the river one foot in thickness : By means of
a temporary bridge on to it at the foot of State street, an un-
interrupted and safe communication is formed with East
Albany.

9. William Bradley Cole, a printer, from Albany, died at

Nassau, Bahama islands, aged 27 Nineteen paintings

and sixteen Allston and Stewart medals, prizes allotted to
the Albany members of the American Art Union, arrived,

and were exhibited at Little & Co. 's Bookstore Alderman

Jenkins reported the following schedule of the state of the
City Rail Road Sinking Fuad, viz : Amount of sinking fund,
Jan. 1, 1849, $231,597.38. Loaned on bonds and' mort-
gages on property in the city, $209,617 \ city stock, $20,000 ;
cash in bank, $1,980.38.

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1849.J Chronicle of Events in Albany, 855

10. The corporation directed application to be made to the
legislature for a law to designate the place of landing and
departure of steam boats Dr. Fay, the almshouse physi-
cian, reported, that during the last three months, 183 inmates
required medical treatment, 122 of whom were cured, 15 died,

and 46 are still under treatment Receipts of the Albany

& Boston Rail Road Company over those of last year, $6,000.

11. Aggregate valuation of the real estate in the city, $8-
209,957.00; personal, $2,729,881.00; total, $10,939,838.00.
Amount of taxes assessed for city purposes, $172,079.34 ; for
county purposes, $71,463.10; total, $243,542.44. Incorpo-
rated companies pay taxes on $2,004,634.86 ; private indi-
viduals, $725,246.98; total, $2,729,881.84 Meeting of •

the Society for the relief of the poor, held in the Middle

Dutch Church Amount of profits received at St. Vincent's

Orphan Fair, held by the Sisters of Charity, $3144.64

The coldest day yet ; mercury ranging from 8 to 12° below
zero Dorothea, wife of Capt James Wilson, died, aged 35.

12. Amos Pilsbury reappointed superintendent of the
Penitentiary for three years ; and William W. Forsyth and
Samuel Pruyn of the city, and Gilbert J. Van Zandt of Wa-

tervliet, chosen directors for the same term The death

of the Rev. Noah Levings, D. D., former pastor of the M. E.
Church in Division street, was announced by telegraph.

13. Louisa, wife of W. W. Van Zandt, and daughter of

W. Dowd, died, aged 27 The Albany California Company

left New York in the ship Tarolinta Telegraph not in

operation.

14. Sarah E. Ford died, aged 25 Change of weather,

resulting in a January thaw William Hill, a newsboy,

fell through the ice, but was rescued alive.

15. Hon. D. D. Barnard delivered an address in the court
room at the City Hall, on the Life and Character of tlie late

Chief Justice Ambrose Spencer The weather moist

throughout the day, and rain at intervals.

16. The streets and sidewalks covered by a thick coating
of ice.

17. Cynthia, wife of Brunson A. Baldwin, died, aged 25.

Prof. Emmons delivered an address on Agricultural

Science, in the assembly chamber, before the State Agricul-
tural Society .John B. Gough lectured before the State

356 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Feb.

Temperance Convention Patrick Coyle, Michael Flood

and Peter Halpen were killed by gas escaping from a pipe
which they were repairing. Coyle was injured by the rope
with which he was lowering himself with intent to relieve the
other two.

18. Richard Moehrie, an old inhabitant of the city, found

dead in his bed Concert for the benefit of the Mission

Sabbath School, held in Dr. Campbell's Church, Pearl street.

19. Nathaniel E,. Packard died, aged 64.

20. James McGrath, junior, died, aged 28.

21. Trinity Church, in Broad street, opened for divine
service.

22. Christian Mary St. John died, aged 33.

23. Frederick Fink, a native portrait painter, died at his
father's residence at Littlefalls. Lewis Farnhamdied, aged

23 Commencement of the Albany Medical College held :

number of students about 100, of whom 20 graduated, re-
ceiving the degree of M. D. Valedictory address by Dr.
Armsby.

24. James McCulloch died. Lawrence Courtright died,
aged 38.

25. Mrs. Elizabeth Blake died, aged 24 George

McKenzie died, aged 62 Passengers by the Housatonic

route who left New York at 8 A. M., arrived in the city at 5 p. M.

26. Mrs. Barbara Hamburgh died, aged 45. Elizabeth
McHarg, sister of the late John P. McHarg, died at Bethle-
hem, aged 76. John C. Ostrander, formerly of Albany,
died at Boonville, Missouri, aged 45.

28. Wells S. Hammond, of Cherry Valley, son of Hon.
Jabez D. Hammond, died suddenly at Stanwix Hall in this
city

31. Catharine O'Connor died.

February, 1849.

1. Catharine, wife of Conrad Van Alen, died Caucus

was held in the assembly chamber at the Capitol : nominated
Hon. William H. Seward for U. S. senator, in the place of
Hon. John A. Dix.

2. William Rennie drowned.

4. Jason Rudes died, aged 74. Prudence, wife of James
Kelly, died.

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 357

5. Cornelius Lynch died, aged 35.

6. Ship Robert Bowne sailed from New York for Cali-
fornia, with twenty miners from Albany onboard Chris-
topher Keeler died, aged 83.

7. Sale of the medical library of the late Dr. Eights.
9. Isaac Ward, father of J. C. Ward, died.

12. Amos S. Fasset, late of this city, died, at Vienna,
Oneida county.

15. Francis Fiske died A pair of oxen from Wyoming

county, weighing nearly 5,(K)0 pounds, were exhibited and
purchased by Mr. D. D. Shaw.

16. Thermometer, at 5 J A. m., at 11° below zero Mrs.

Frances Maria, wife of Mr. James E,. Whyte, died, aged 53 .

18. John Topp died. aged49. William Kane died, aged 75.

19. Mrs. Sally White died, aged 58 Mr. C. Leach, of

Eaton. Madison county, sold, at Warford's cattle exchange,
three oxen for Brighton market, weighing over 2,200 lbs. each,
at $9 per hundred.

20. Jellis Winne, junior, cashier of the Bank of Albany,
resigned his office on account of ill health.

21. Nathaniel Tarbell, aged about 37, was killed on the
Troy road, near the city, by the upsetting of the stage coach
of which he was driver.

22. Washington's birthday celebrated. Members of the
legislature and several Albanians, partook of an annual din-
ner at Troy Mrs. Ann Lydiott died.

24. Four inches of snow fell during the night Mr.

Jennings, in Green street, exhibited a hog weighing 949 lbs.
dressed.

27. Streets covered with ice and remnants of snow heaps.

28. The ladies of the Universalist Society held a tea party
for the benefit of the funds of their church.

March, 1849.

1. David Schwartz died, aged 73.

4. Betsey, wife of Samuel Steele, died, aged 60. Mrs.
Catharine Hart died, aged 37. Catharine, wife of Adam
Stewart, died, aged 30.

5. The directors of the Albany Savings Bank reported
S707,595.62 as the amount of its deposits, most of which is

in sums less than $100 Ann Alida, wife of Col. De-

Russey, died at Fortress Munroe, after a short illness, aged

358 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [March

about 40. "This lovely woman'' says a correspondent of
the Evening Post, "was the daughter of Isaac Denniston
esquire, of Albany, and as amiable as she was lovely. No
one acquainted with the society of that city about twenty
years since, can have forgotten how much this lady was
admired; nor how, with two other ladies, connections of her
family, equally beautiful, though of diflFering styles of beauty,
she was a grace that attracted universal homage. It was not
often that so much personal elegance could be found in such
close affinity. With a refined taste, a love of letters, and a
more than ordinary talent, this lady was the cynosure of
every eye. And now that she has passed away from the
friends who loved her, and the circle she adorned, we call to
mind, with the deepest emotion, those virtues, talents and
attractions, which made the morning of life so brilliant;
which drew around her in after years the most devoted
friends, and now enshrine her memory in hearts where her
living image was ever present.''

7. Ice in the river yet nearly three feet in thickness

A. J. Winters, a grocer from Albany, was killed in attempt-
ing to get into the cars at Rome, Oneida county.

9. Jacob Featherly died, aged 25. Hannah, wife of
Stephen Parsons, died at New Baltimore, aged 90.

11. James H. Crane died.

12. Christina, wife of Oliver H. Perry, died, aged 28.
Geoige H. Scrafford died, aged 37. Thomas Dutson died,

aged 63 A canal was cut through the ice to East Albany

for the use of the Boston and Albany ferry boat.

13. Mrs. Sylvester Topping died Weather quite

springlike A baker's sleigh, with two men and other

loading, fell through the ice : recovered.

14. Mrs. N. S. Washburn died. Mrs. Margaret Rankin
wife of John Ogden Bey, formerly from Albany, died at

Oakwood farm near Cayuga Bridge, aged 47 A canal

cut through the ice, for the use of the Bath ferry boat.

16. Curtis Ware, aged 37, died.

17. Steamer Columbia, Capt. Hulse, arrived about lip. M.,
making her way through the ice ; the first boat since the

closing of the river in December High Mass said in St.

Mary's Church in honor of St Patrick's anniversary,

Mrs. Mary Ann McGarvey died, aged 45.

1849. J Chronicle of Events in Albany. 359

19. Steamer Columbia left, heavily laden with passengers
and freight Peter McKenna died, aged 80,

20. James Branion died of consumption, aged 17. Mrs.
Ann Groot died in her 60th year.

21. The ice from the Mohawk floated past the city

Steamer Oregon came to the new landing place; her first

trip since the closing of navigation Sloop Miriam of

Albany, Capt. Johnson (a colored man), arrived from New

York in 17 hours Miss N. C. Brainard died. Grace,

wife of William Kennedy, died.

23. Martin Van Alstyne, for many years a successful

hardware merchant in the city, died, aged 65 At

the meeting held at the City Hall, to take into consideration
the frauds of the Canal Bank, Teunis Van Vechten was
chairman.

24. John I. Burton, aged 24, died. Michael Daley was
found dead in the street, having, in a fit of delirium, sprung
from the second story window of his house.

25. A wall in Liberty street, standing since the late fire,

was blown down, damaging several adjoining buildings

Deborah, wife of John Burton, died, aged 66.

26. A bill to establish a hospital in Albany passed the

lower house At the request of the supervisors, the

Legislature has recently abolished ward assessors, and sub-
stituted a board of three individuals John Hermans

died in the 29th year of his age. John Van Ness, junior,
died.

27. Mary Bard, wife of R. S. Warren, died, aged 32

Mr. Saxton lectured on California in the Assembly Chamber.

28. Jonathan Kidney, a soldier of the revolution, and one

of the oldest inhabitants of the city, died The boats

from New York were greatly impeded by a severe wind
storm.

29. Bev. Stephen Bush and wife, from this city, as
missionaries to Siam, arrived at Batavia, Island of Java, in
98 days.

31. A machine for sewing and stitching was exhibited at
the Mansion house The finance committee of the Com-
mon Council reported that the city debt on the first of May
last, was $877,896. 00.

360 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Apr.

April, 1849.

3. Hannah Beekman, widow of Peter Douw Beekman,
died, aged 83.

4. Henry Williams died, aged 69 The Common

Council appropriated $100 for an alarm bell at the Little

Basin Mr. Bokee, of the Senate, reported favorably

on the bill for the removal of the Halenbeek burial ground.

5. Mary Ann, wife of Andrew D. Kirk, died.

6. Mary Ann, wife of Alexander Thompson, died, aged 19.

7. The city gave the members of the legislature a compli-
mentary dinner at Congress Hall Samuel Grould, a

colored fireman on board the lolas, was killed while repairing
the waterwheel.

8. The South Baptist Church, corner of Franklin and Her-
kimer streets, formerly owned by the Trinity Church, was
opened for divine service under the pastoral care of Rev.

Mr. Wines George W. Stanton, president of the Exchange

Bank, died, aged 69. Rensselaer Van Schelluyne died, leav-
ing an elder brother the last male descendant of an ancient
and wealthy family.

9. The public charity of the city treasury for coal, &c.,
delivered to the poor, was $3,102.87 ; less by $1,816.42 than
last year.

10. Edward M. Teall died. Adelaide M., wife of Jason

Collier, died City election, resulting in the choice of the

Whig candidate for mayor. Friend Humphrey.

12. John R. Black died, aged 78. Eleanor A., wife of

Reuben Wilson, died, aged 21 The committee of the

Assembly having in charge the case of Judge Harris with the
Canal Bank, exonerated him of any blame.

13. Rachel, widow of the late David P. Winne, died.

15. Alfred Dorr died, aged 43. Mrs. Rachel Douw Van
Schelluyne died.

16. Law establishing a court of special sessions went into
operation.

17. The new Common Council met ; the mayor was sworn
in, and the appointments made Catherine, wife of Wil-
liam Francis, found dead in her bed.

18. Uriah St. John died, aged 21. Catherine, wife of
James Riley, died, aged 34. Catherine Nichols died.

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 361

19. Barent Hayan died, aged 68.

20. A meeting was held to organize the Albany and Scho-
harie Plank Road Company, Teunis Van Vechtenin the chair.
Hannegan died.

22. Mrs. Irene Pierce died, aged 65. Charles H. Weller

died An unsuccessful attempt was made by incendiaries

to set fire to H. Kuapp's store on Quay street.

23. Mary Elizabeth, wife of M. J. Thomas, formerly of
Albany, died at St. Augustine.

24. The Court of Special Sessions was opened by the Re-
corder and Justice Cole A meeting was held by the la-
dies of Dr. Wyckoff's church, in favor of the Portuguese exiles.

Cornelius Cassidy died, aged 75. Amelia Ward died,

aged 20.

25. John Cassidy died, aged 48.
27 John Martin died, aged 60.

28. The water was let into the canal its entire length

A rail road car, of novel construction, from the coach factory
of James Grould & Co., was placed on the Champlain and St.
Lawrence rail road.

30. Mary A., wife of Mark L. Linn, died.

May, 1849.

2. Hugh D. Elliot, civil engineer, son of the late Robert
Elliot of Albany, died, aged 28, at Junction, Virginia.

3. The steamer Isaac Newton brought up over 900 passen-
gers, one of whom, a Grerman boy, was born a few hours pre-
vious to landing : the mother assisted in unlading the baggage.

4. Steamer Oregon, Captain St. John, arrived at her wharf
with 840 passengers.

7. Jane, wife of Gfeo. T. Clark, formerly of Albany, died,
in Michigan, aged 34 General Worth died, at San Anto-
nio de Bexar, of cholera The first meeting of the mer-
chants on change this season took place.

9. A boy about seven years old, son of Michael Forrester,

was burnt to death by his clothes taking fire Luther

Wheeler died, aged 32. David Evans died, aged 42. Wil-
liam Whipple died, aged 40 Dr. Dill and Mr. Simpson,

lately from Ireland, lectured in Dr. Sprague's church on the
religious wants of Ireland.

31

362 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [May

10. Mrs. Catherine Angus died, aged 70.

11. Samuel Pruyn was chosen chairman of the board of
supervisors ; James M. Whelpley, clerk.

13. Benjamin Welch died, aged 76 Rev. Dr. Dewey,

of the Unitarian Church, preached his farewell sermon to
his people.

14. Margaret, wife of Richard Cosgrove, died, aged 28

Abraham and Hiram Pangburn were found dead in a shanty
on the island a little below the city : intemperate.

15. The Albany Daily Messenger, a penny print, by B. F.
Romaine, editor, made its appearance The Express an-
nounced Lewis Benedict as the postmaster to succeed Mr.

Wasson Alida Wynkoop, widow of Dr. Jonathan Eights,

died, aged 77. John Mcintosh died, aged 39.

16. Isaac P. Hand died, aged 46 The ground was

broken for the site of the chapel of the Holy Innoceuts,
corner of North Pearl and Colonic streets.

17. Elizabeth McCluskey died, aged 60.

18. Francis, wife of Cornelius McDonald, died, aged 25.

Thomas Murtough died News reached the city of the

wreck of the steamer Empire, on her upward trip.

19. Sarah, wife of Edward Kellogg and daughter of Seth

Hastings, died William Marvin, brother of John and

Alexander Marvin of this city, died at New London, Con-
necticut, aged 74.

21. The materials for a monument to be erected in the
Albany Cemetery, over the remains of Judge Spencer, arrived.

22. Ann, wife of Levi H. Palmer, died. Erectus Tubbs
died, Aris, wife of Stephen Townsend, died, aged 67.
George T. Clark, merchant, of Dewitt county, Michigan,
formerly of Albany, died, aged 47.

23. Jabez W. Knowlton died, aged 26. Sarah M. Pugs-
ley died, aged 43 Eight individuals subscribed $18,000

to the stock of the Albany and Cohoes Railway.

24. Over 4,000 hogs reported running at large in the
streets.

25. The work of placing a sewer nine feet deep in Hamil-
ton street, was completed A propeller named M. T. Rey-
nolds, intended for the navigation of the canal, appeared in
the basin.

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 363

28. Ann B., widow of tlie late Douw B. Sliugerland, died,

aged 65 Rev. J. B. Davenport, of Syracuse, accepted a

call to the rectorship of Grace Church, and commenced his
labors.

29, The work of planking the western turnpike com-
menced above Snipe street Mrs. Ellen McMillan was

found dead in her bed : verdict intemperance.

31. Elijah Cobb died, aged 35. Caroline M. Lightbody
died, aged 23.

June, 1849.

1. The new iron bridge, built by F. Townsend & Co. for
the Pier Company, at the foot of Hamilton street, was swung

over the opening: time occupied about one minute The

district school on Arbor Hill was opened with appropriate

exercises Catherine J. Angus, wife of Charles W. Mink,

died, aged 42.

2. Mrs. Grace H. Shattuck died, aged 58.

3. The severe storm cut off telegraphic communication
with the west : 15 or 20 poles were blown down.

4. Henry Husthouse, aged 18, died of cholera Mer-
cury in the thermometer rose to 89° in the shade.

5. M. Maurice Strakosch, pianist, gave a concert in the
Female Academy.

6. The mayor, as chairman of the board of health, re-
quested physicians, hotel keepers, &c., to report at his office,
every day at noon, the cases of cholera occurring in their
practice or houses.

7. The ceremony of laying the corner stone of the chapel
of the Holy Innocents took place under the direction of lit.

Rev. Bishop Whittingham, of the diocese of Maryland ,

Robert M. Seymour, formerly of the firm of Seymour, Wood
& Co., died in New York, aged 51.

8. Isaac Matson died at the Northern Hotel, of cholera, at
3 A. M. : he was from New York.

9. Daniel Lafferty, aged 27, was drowned near the Colum-
bia street bridge Two cases of cholera reported to the

Board of Health : one fatal, an emigrant.

10. John Powers died, aged 50 John Schoonmaker

died, aged 54, at his residence, corner of Orange street and
Broadway Conrad A. Ten Eyck, one of the justices of

864 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [June

the Justices' Court, died suddenly by the bursting of a
blood-vessel, aged 61.

11. Three cases of cholera reported since the 9th : one

death Steamer New World made her first trip to Albany

from New York : intended for a day boat.

12. The Board of Health report only one case of cholera :
fatal. Two deaths of those cholera patients reported on the
11th, occurred Albany Hydrant Company dissolved.

13. One new case of cholera reported : no deaths...... The

citizens in the neighborhood of the Arbor Hill burying
ground commenced converting it into a park ; the bones were

collected into a mound in the centre The body of a man

about 40 years of age, was found in the river at the foot of
Bleecker street.

14. The Temperance Pavilion, a large tent erected in North
Pearl street by Mr. Van Wagner, the Poughkeepsie Black-
smith, was crowded to excess.

15. Several persons arrested for putting up signs protrud-
ing more than eighteen inches from the front of the build-
ings Two cases of cholera reported, both fatal.

16. Three young lads in a sail boat capsized in the river
below the city, and Charles Laasing, one of them, drowned.
Two cases of cholera reported : no deaths.

17. Dr. N. A. Jewett died, aged 46 George Winne,

son of Jellis Winne of Albany, died at St. Paul, Minnesota
territory.

18. John Gr. Chifferder, a German youth, found in a pond

south of the old rail road Mr Hughes, of Dove street,

died by cholera.

19. Daniel W. Talcott died, aged 60. John Ryan died
aged 85. George Smith, aged about 30, was drowned in the
canal.

20. Mrs. Elizabeth Lockwood, widow of Jared Lockwood,
formerly of Albany, died at Stamford, Connecticut, aged 85.
...... One fatal case of cholera reported.

21. Nelson W. Perry died, aged 21 One cholera

case reported, fatal The body of a man named Welch

was found upon a pile of lumber near Bath Ferry

The mercury rose to 98° in the shade. A man named Rich-
ardson, working on one of the canal boats, died suddenly from

heat Belden B. Batty, of Albany, accidentally shot at

San Francisco, and died.

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 365

22. Catherine Bleecker died. Mrs Elizabeth Phillip
died, aged 50. James L. Schemerhorn died, aged 34.

23. Two fatal cases of cholera reported.

24. James R. Roe, and Hannah his wife, died Two

cases of cholera reported ; not fatal.

25. Four cases of cholera; none reported fatal.

26. James B. Baker died, aged 44 A boatman

from Philadelphia, and two residents in Snipe street, died
of cholera.

27. One fatal case of chojera reported.

28. Eight cases of cholera; three of which are reported
as fatal.

29. Mrs. Boylan, residing in East Albany, died by cholera.

Amey A. Brown, on a visit from Brooklyn, died of

cholera.

30. The SundaT/ Dutchman, a. new weekly, appeared

Five cases of cholera; one fatal Capt. Thomas Wiswal

died, aged 49 Number of cases of cholera for June, 41;

deaths, 22.

July, 1849.

1. 0. Gr. DeGroff, formerly of Albany, died at Cincinnati
of cholera, aged 50.

2. Gen. Herrera and family from Mexico, took lodgings at

Congress Hall Seven cases of cholera reported, five

of which were fatal.

3. Eleven cholera cases reported; four deaths The

second exhibition of the Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural
Society was held in the Agricultural Rooms, State street.

4. National anniversary was celebrated. Three proces-
sions: 1st, Regular, consisting of state and city officers, mili-
tary, fire and boat companies, citizens and strangers; 2d,
Independent, carmen, &c. ; 3d, Young Men's Association.

Six cases of cholera reported for the last forty-eight

hours; one fatal L. Z. Harvey died.

5. Mrs. Harriet Stafford, widow of the late Spencer Staf-
ford, died....... At a meeting of the county court, the grand

jury, after a few hours absence, came into court, and reported
they. had attended to and disposed of all the business before

them, and found no bills 7,443 barrels of flour arrived

by canal,

366 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [July

7. Henry Marvin, son of the late Uriali Marvin of this

city, died. at East Chatham, aged 52 Three cases of

cholera reported : no deaths The Receiver of the Canal

Bank gave notice that 40 cents, the final dividend and full

amount of the circulating bills, would be paid Concert

by the JDistins, singers and performers on the sax-horn

Among other produce received by canal, there were 10,478
bbls. flour, 30,945 lbs. butter, and 29.111 lbs. cheese.

7. Eleven cases of cholera reported at noon for the last
twenty-four hours, four of which were fatal.

8. J. C. Witt, agent of the Western Rail Road Company,
died at Sharon Springs : he was a gentleman of great energy

of character and excellent reputation Conrad Treadwell

died.

9. The mayor reported that within the last 48 hours, ten

cases of cholera had occurred, four of which were fatal

Parker Sargent appointed justice in the Police Court, in

place of Conrad A. Ten Eyck, deceased AdamFrazier,

formerly of this city, died at Cincinnati.

10. The county board of supervisors met, and were organ-
ized under the law giving them legislative powers Eight

cases of cholera reported to the board of health; two fatal.

Cornelius J. Cuyler died, aged 511 years, John W.

Diamond died, aged 50.

11. Seven cases of cholera, two of which were fatal, and

one death of the cases reported yesterday Alexander

Worden died, aged 39 Charles I. Wager drowned while

bathing near the lower ferry.

12. Sixteen cases of cholera reported for the last 24 hours,
three of which were fatal, and one of the seven reported on

the 11th since dead Mercury in the thermometer at

9 a. m. was 86°; 96° at 2 p. m.; and at 7 p. m., 93°

Frances F., wife of Israel Smith, junior, and daughter of Capt.
Charles H. Bell, U. S. N., died. Jane, daughter of Michael
McCafferty, died, aged 22.

18. Eleven cases of cholera reported to the mayor as
chairman of the Board of Health; three fatal. Two of the

cases previously reported proved fatal Water in the

Hudson lower than had been known for many years.,

At 58 State street, at 4 J a. m., the thermometer stood at over
82°; at 7 A. M. it fell to 71*" Ellen,wife of Thomas Dunn,

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 367

died. J. W. Butler died. Arthur Gibbous, son of S. Staf-
ford, aged 18, died at the American Charles Russell,

one of a sailing party of five, was drowned by the upsetting

of his boat, aged 23 Tobias Morgan, formerly the slave

of John D. Yischer, died of cholera, aged 60.

14. Thirteen cases of cholera reported ; four fatal. Orfe

previously reported terminated fatally John Butler, a

cartman, died of cholera.

15. Mrs. Elizabeth Nugent died, aged 38.

16. Forty-six cases of cholera reported for the lasfc- forty-
eight hours, ending at noon ; thirteen of which were fatal.

Three deaths from cases previously reported Thomas

Monkland died Frances, wife of William Worth, died,

aged 41. Solomon Hayes, long and favorably known in
Albany, died from cholera, aged 64.

17. Seventeen cases of cholera; three fatal. Two cases

formerly reported; terminated fatally Victor Post died,

aged 33. Samuel Vail died, aged 83.

18. Nine cases of cholera in the city and four in the hos-
pital, one of the latter fatal The steamer Alida arrived

at her wharf in seven hours from New York, running time.

Stephen Squire of Fulton ville, Montgomery county, died

in this city... James Sickles died, aged 75.

19. Thirteen cliolera cases were reported to the board for the
last 24 hours ; six fatal. Three of the fatal cases had been
before reported.. ..'..Harmanus Bleecker, a prominent and
well known citizen, universally respected, died in the 70th year

of his age. (See p. 301.) The steamer New World left

New York at 13 minutes after 7 a.m., reaching Poughkeep-
sie in three hours sailing time and landed her passengers at
Albany, 3 J P. M. ; making all her landings.

20. Eight cases of cholera reported to the board. Four

deaths of those previously reported The steamer Alida

reached her landing place five minutes before 3 p. M., making
the whole trip in 6 hours 51 minutes sailing time.

21. Thirteen cases of cholera reported ; eight in the city,
and five at the hospital; two fatal. Two deaths also oc-
curred of those previously reported Jane, widow of

Arthur Hooper, died, aged 76. Elizabeth, wife of Adam Ar^^-
etrong, died, a»ed 72,

368 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [July

22. Thomas Moss died in tte 58th year of his age. Jellis
Winne, junior, died, aged 71. Lydia, wife of Thomas

Carson, died, aged 66 The body of John D. Morey, a

young man about nineteen years of age, was found in a deep
ravine north of the city. Death by suicide.
* 23. Twenty-two cases of cholera reported as having oc-
curred since noon of the 21st ; five fatal. One of these, Ira
Hinckley from Osterville, Mass., died on board the schooner

Oliver at the wharf; he was about 19 Margaret Trotter,

widow of the late Gen. Matthew Trotter, died, in her 80th year.

Mary, widow of the late Jason Eudes, died, aged 72,

Roswell Wilson, of the firm of Callanan & Wilson died,
at Whitewater, Wisconsin.

24. Thirteen cases of cholera were this day reported; two
of which were fatal. Two also of the cases reported at a
prior day proved fatal.

25. A very large and brilliant halo (corona) appeared

round the sun a little before noon Fourteen cases of

cholera reported as having occurred since last report. Three

fatal besides one death of a case reported previously

Ann, wife of Benjamin Ward, died, aged 63.

26. The board of health reported that seven cases of
cholera have been stated to them as having occurred since
last report. One fatal and one more death of the 14 yester-
day reported Elizabeth Singer died, in the 70th year of

her age. Sally Clark died, aged 70. Mary Quinn died, aged
20. Jane, wife of James Morrow, died. James Allen died,
aged 82. Barney Lyman died of consumption, aged 21.

A good southerly wind brought up a large number of

sail vessels from the east, which in some measure prevented
the steamer's intelligence (this day telegraphed) having
any tendency to depress the market.

27. Sixteen cases of cholera; five fatal. Four cases pre-
viously reported have terminated fatally. Six of the six-
teen cases embrace the report of Drs. Martin and Wiltsie for

two days Bridget McMannus died, aged 55. John B.

Smith died, in the o3d year of his age.

28. Eleven cases of cholera; four fatal, within the last 24

hours. One also of a previous report died. Lord, an

emigrant lately from England, died. Mrs, Winaford Allen
died, aged 60. Cornelius Higgins died, aged 83^ years.
Abigail Walker died, aged 66,

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 369

29. Ann Eliza, wife of Jacob Grriffin, died S. H. Ship-
ley from Baton Rouge parish, Louisiana, and Mr. Cochrane,
both belonging to a party from Mississippi, died in the city
of the prevailing epidemic ; they were properly cared for.

Martin Truesdell, for many years captain of the steam

boats Utica and South America, died atCoxsackie, of bron-
chitis. Having retired from business, he was elected a mem-
ber of the legislature for the session of 1848 Margaret,

wife of Benjamin Yan Aernam of this city, died at Guilder-
land, aged 47.

30. For the last 48 hours thirty-one cases and twelve
deaths by cholera were reported. Two deaths of cases

previously reported Thirteen buildings and an immense

quantity of lumber in Water street were consumed by fire.

Its origin not ascertained The new building erected at

the expense of the state on the corner of Lodge and Howard
streets, was taken possession of by the Normal School, and
the evacuation of the old building in State street, completed
this -day.

81. Sixteen new cases of cholera and seven deaths

A woman and her child were found dead by cholera in Orange
street. They died alone, leaving a child 2 J years old the only
representative of the family, the father having died of the

same disease a few days previous The mayor published

a respectful request to the citizens to observe the 3d August
as a day of fasting and humiliation, agreeably to the recom-
mendation of the President of the United States, that if con-
sistent God would avert from us his judgments....... William

Dennison, a native of Ireland, died. George M. Mosher

died, aged 53 At 6 o'clock a. m., the thermometer stood-

at 82 deg., at noon it had descended to 72 deg., and 6 P. M. it
was below 65 deg Rev. Mr. Taggart ordained and in-
stalled pastor of the Unitarian church. Rev. Messrs. Dewey

and Pierpont assisted in the exercises Number of cases

requiring medical aid in the Alms House during the month

of July, 249, cured 162 ; died 57 ; under treatment 37

Number cases of cholera for July, 843 ; deaths, 125.

August, 1849.

1. Nine cholera cases, and one of them fatal, were re-
ported. A fatal termination of a case formerly reported

370 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Aug.

was also given in Steam boat South America ran down

a sloop loaded with coal, which sunk in 20 feet water

Number of prisoners in the Penitentiary 178 ; upwards of

50 being females Number of paupers in the Alms House

405. Expenses of the last quarter $2,678.

2. Twenty-four cases of cholera, including seven fatal,

were reported. Of a former report two proved fatal

John Moore died of the prevailing epidemic, aged 66.

3. Great national fast — business generally suspended,

and the churches well attended No meeting of the board

of health; five cases reported of cholera, two deaths David

C. Wainwrightdied, aged 93. Lucius Allen died, aged 41.

4. Thirty-one cases of cholera reported for the last 48
hours; 9 fatal, and one fatal of the cases reported before.

5. Edward Pacey, a caulker, extensively known, died of
cholera, aged 84.

6. Twenty-five cases of cholera, seven of them fatal, were
reported as having occurred within the last 48 hours. Three
of a former report also proved fatal. A strong southerly
wind prevailed and brought with it in the afternoon an

abundant and seasonable rain Ann, wife of William

Clemshire died. James Pacey died of cholera, aged 19.

7. Eight cases of cholera ; two deaths. Two deaths of
cases previously reported. John P. Cassidy died in New
York, formerly of Albany.

8. Six cases of cholera ; one fatal. One fatal of those re-
ported yesterday Jane Mitchell died, aged 15.

9. Eleven cases of cholera ; two fatal. One death of those
previously reported. Also four deaths not reported on the
6th and 7th Anna Maria Soulden died.

10. A great deal of rain fell during the night, which was

much needed by vegetation Ten cases of cholera, and

one death ; also one death of the cases previously reported.
The board of health required the sextons to report all buri-
als, since May 1, under a penalty of |25 for non compliance.

11. Eleven cases of cholera; one fatal. Three deaths of
previous cases. A marked change was now observable in

the progress of the disease A salmon weighing twelve

pounds was caught in the river above Bath, said to be the
first known to have been taken in the Hudson. It was
served up at the Mansion House.

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 371

12. Kev. William W. Halloway was installed pastor of the
Third Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, corner of Ferry
and Green streets. *

13. Twenty-six cases of cholera ; seven fatal, in last 48

hours; and four deaths of cases previously reported

Johannah Durrie, widow of the late Horace Durrie, and
daughter of the late Daniel Steele, of this city, died at
Aurora, Cayuga county The Albany Republican Artil-
lery made a pleasure excursion to Hudson by steam boat.

14. Seven cases of cholera 3 three fatal within the last
24 hours, with two deaths from cases of a former report.

15. Eleven cases of cholera; two fatal Anna, wife of

E. Wickes, Jr., died, aged 29.

16. Cholera eleven cases, two fatal; five deaths of previ-
ous cases. Mrs. Ralph Pratt died.

17. Anniversary of the great fire of 1848 Seven cases

of cholera, three fatal, and three deaths of previous cases.
Abby, wife of John Townsend, and daughter of the late
Ambrose Spencer, died, aged 60.

18. Eight cases of cholera, two fatal ; two deaths of pre-
vious cases, Samuel Grross died, aged 72. Harriet L., wife
of John Dixon, died, aged 50. Isabella, wife of Neil Mc-

Cotter died, aged 54 An agreement was eff'ected between

the Albany and Schoharie Plank Road Company, and the
Turnpike Company, by which the two roads would be made
to intersect, and arrangements made to prosecute the plank
road to its completion.

20. Twelve cases of cholera in last forty-eight hours, three
fatal; and two fatal of previous cases. Lucretia Shaver died,
aged 83.

21. Eight new cases of cholera, three fatal ; four cases fatal
of those before reported. Nathaniel White died, of cholera,
aged 57. He came to this city from Hartford, Connecticut,
in 1808, at the age of 16, and was apprenticed as a book-
binder to the late Mr. Daniel Steele. It is not an uninter-
esting fact that Mr White began his apprenticeship in the
same establishment with two prominent and highly valued
citizens now living, Mr. Lemuel Steele and Mr. Isaac New-
ton, and one now deceased, the late Mr. 0. R. Van Ben-
thuysen. And he has remained in the same establishment,
from that day to the present, without interruption, a period

372 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Aug.

of nearly forty-one years, under the successive firms which
have conducted it with eminent and deserved success, viz :
Messrs. JD. Steele, Packard & Van Benthuysen, and C.
Van Benthuysen.

22. Seven new cases of cholera were reported ; six at the
hospital and one in the city — two deaths of those formerly
reported. Mr. Leoline Jenkins, son of Lemuel Jenkins,
Esq., of this city, died while on a visit to G-reenviile, Greene
county, N. Y.

23. One case of cholera reported fatal, and three deaths
of cases formerly reported. At 9 A. M. Isaac Whitney died,

aged 34 Severe rain most of the day; wind north-east;

Owen Tierney died, aged 35. Isaac L. Whitney died, aged
34. Elias Fink, formerly of Albany, died at Danube, Her-
kimer county, aged 42.

24. Ten new cases of cholera reported ; no death. One
of a former report proved fatal. At noon, Caroline Enz

died, aged 18. John Cahill died Canal Receipts —

Flour 4,244 barrels; ashes 62 do.; whiskey 24 do; corn
11,149 bushels; oats 83 do. ; wheat 2,655 do. ; peas 50 do. ;
butter 10,129 pounds ; cheese 17,057 do ; lard 150 do.; Wool
61,054 do. ; hams and bacon 3,588 do.

25. Fifteen cases of cholera reported. Seven of which
were fatal. Also two deaths of cases previously reported.

Almira, wife of Alexander Nichols, died. Mrs. Hen-

nessy died, aged 60. Elizabeth, wife of G-errit Yates, died,
aged 74.

27. Sabbath — No cholera report; but the interments

were numerous Ann Moran died, aged 19^ years. Mrs.

Elizabeth Wagoner died.

27. Seventy-six cases of cholera reported for the last for-
ty-eight hours; eleven of which were fatal Charles

Quinn died. Mrs. Bhoda Dean, formerly of Barnard, died at
the residence of her son Amos Dean in this city, aged 80.
Catharine, daughter of Peter Johnson, died, aged 19.
Wife of Robert C. Russell died. Bridget O'Connor died,

aged 39 Tivoli flour from New Genesee wheat sold

$6.371 ; western 85.25 to 85.75; corn 58 cents; wheat 81. 25 to
$1.31.

28. Twenty cases of cholera reported since yesterday's
report; ten fatal. This high proportion of fatal cases is pro-

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 873

bablj rightly ascribed to an indiscreet use of unripe fruits.

William McLaughlin died, aged 55 John G. Stewart,

a colored barber, known as a man of considerable ability as a
writer, and as the editor of several papers, was found dead
in his chair, by a customer who entered his shop at the Little
Basin.

29. The Jersey Blue, a three masted steam-propeller,
Captain Daniel Van Buskirk, made her first appearance at
the dock with a cargo of coal and iron. She is rated at
222 tons, was built at Newark, and made the trip from that
city in less than twenty-four hours.

30. Twelve cases cholera; eight fatal. One death of pre-
vious cases Michael McAuley died, aged 43. Aaron

Williams died, aged 48. Mrs. Amelia Fosket, lately of
this city, died at the residence of her son at Blue House,
Cobleton district, S. C, aged 62 years.

31. Nineteen cases cholera; seven fatal Robert H.

Burgess died, aged 50. Mary Ann Williams died, aged 54.

William Hillman died Total number of cholera cases

for August, 345 ; deaths, 150 : as otherwise reported, 348

cases and 154 deaths Almshouse physician reported

211 cases for month of August, requiring aid; 122 cured,
52 died, and 37 under treatment.

September, 1849.

1. Six cases cholera ; two deaths, and three deaths of pre-
vious cases Cornelius D. R. Lansing died, aged 63.

Albany and .Sandlake Plank Road Company elected

their officers for the ensuing year.

2. Julia L., wife of Dr. John Yan Buren, died. C. P.
Allen died. Robert Malloy died. Thomas Wallace, for-
merly of this city, died at Detroit, aged 86.

3. Twenty-two new cases, thirteen deaths, for 48 hours

last past Louisa W., wife of Rev. T. R. Rawson, died.

Benjamin Wilson died, aged 83. Neil McCotter died, aged

57. James B. Van Huysen died, aged 49 Burgesses

Corps made an excursion to Saratoga Springs A man

named Sheridan, a mason, fell from the scaffolding of a
building, corner of Patroon and Ten Broeck streets, and was
killed ; his age 56.

32

374 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Sept.

4. Three cases cholera, one death. Three deaths of pre-
vious cases William Sanford, son of Giles Sanford of

this city, died at Astoria, N. Y., aged 26.

6. Six cases cholera, four deaths. The physicians were
united in the opinion that the disease as an epidemic, had
in a great measure left the city ; that where it now occurred it
was invited by imprudence or by a peculiarly unfavorable
loofelity ', wherefore the board determined to discontinue

their daily reports Eleanor, widow of the late Milo

Shaw, died. Clara, wife of George H. Cogswell, died, aged
31. John C. Brown died, aged 48.

6. The president, Zachary Taylor, arrived from the west,

and took the steam boat for New York Betsey, wife

of Nicholas Brate, died, aged 38.

7. Ann Eliza, wife of Henry K. Duncan, died at West
Point, aged 25.

8. Hon. Henry Clay arrived in the city from Kinder-
hook, where he had been to visit Mr. Van Buren.

10. John Slack, aged 66, formerly of Albany, died at
Guilder land, of a fall from a hay mow.

11. Frederick A. Fargo, aged 83, was killed by being

run over by the train at Rome Nancy A., wife of John

Henry, formerly of Albany, died in New York, aged 25.

12. Splendid display of aurora borealis towards midnight.

13. An immense kettle cast at Townsend's Furnace, for
the purpose of manufacturing salt at Syracuse. Its dimen-
sions were 9 feet across the brim, 9 feet deep, and 7 feet
across the bottom; weight 12 tons.

14. Amey Mott, late of this city, died at Battle Creek,
Mich., in the 82d year of her age.

15. At 4 o'clock A. M., Catherine Tracey died A

collection of $800 taken at St. John's Church in Ferry
street, in aid of the erection of the Cathedral ; making over
$5,000 collected in that church altogether, for that purpose.

16. Jane Madison, wife of Jasper Latham and daughter
of the late H. E. G. McLaughlin, of Chelsea, Vt., died,
aged 40. Ann Hardy, daughter of James Freeman, died,
aged 29 ^ years. Timothy Ensign, late of the firm of
Ensign & Thayer, in this city, died at Windsor, Conn.

18. The Hose Depot, so long a source of contention as to
where it should be located, was commenced on the site of

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 375

the old hay-market lots, corner of Plain and Phillip streets.

Mary, wife of George Geary, died, aged 50. Sarah,

wife of Andrew McKnight, died Baron Hecker, the Ger-
man exiled patriot, came up the river in company with some
50 of his countrymen, en route for his farm on the banks of
the Mississippi, in Illinois.

19. James Robinson died, aged 60 The Common Coun-
cil held a special meeting to settle the pier question, &c

Mr. O'Reilley was granted permission to erect telegraph posts
within the bounds of the city under the supervision of the
street committee. The chamberlain ordered to borrow S30-

000 to meet the pier settlement First trip on the Hudson

river rail road with passenger cars from New York to Peeks-
kill.

20. Mr. Ralph Clark, formerly of Albion, Wis., died, aged

25 The Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural Society's

annual exhibition closed to-day.

21. Joseph Hogeboom died, aged 32^ years. Elizabeth,

daughter of the late Nathaniel R. Packard, died, aged 19

The city and pier company closed their negotiations and came
to terms with regard to the Basin — the city paying the pier
company ^30,000 — the latter to maintain the bridge.

22. An unusually strong south wind prevailed the whole

day, accompanied in the evening with rain " On Saturday

evening at seventeen minutes' past 11 o'clock, the Sun rode
calmly and mildly over the autumnal equinox, and cast his
golden anchor on the wintry coast of Autumn. But as yet,
the vast ocean of air through which he sails, is glowing and
transparent with the memory of the long Summer days that
have passed over it, darting their rich beams to its very
depths. Even as we write, however, the remembrance fades,
like the sky's blanching souvenirs of sunset; and in the
gray distance the cold ghosts of Winter glare and wave their
frozen wings, which creak on icy hinges — while in the si-
lence of midnight a prophetic voice of wailing and desola-
tion moans fitfully at the casement.'' — Tribune.

23. John Simons died A riot caused by some evil dis-
posed persons throwing stones at a canal boat loaded with im-
migrants, occurred at the Little Basin Ann K. Fitch,

formerly of Greenwich, Conn., died,

376 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Oct.

24. Weather cloudy and cold Edward Thomas died,

aged 24 = Joseph Curdy, a laborer, committed suicide by

cutting the arteries of both arms with a razor, and died sit-
ting in a chair,

25. The body of John Donahue was found in the river at
the foot of Bleecker street — supposed to have been drowned
on Saturday night — aged 40.

26. The A. R. Artillery annual target excursion — the
cup awarded to W. A. Davis for the best shot, and the gold
medal to James H. Chadwick, for 2d best The first quin-
quennial meeting of the State Normal graduates was held in

the lecture room of the new building John Crippin died,

aged 28. Patrick Murray died in his 65th year. Hannah
B. wife of Amos P. Palmer, died at Newton's Corners.

27. The spike factory belonging to the Albany Nail
Works, near Troy, and owned by Corning, Winslow & Co.
of this city, was destroyed by fire, loss $40,000 above in-
surance John York died, aged 26.

28. George W. Worcester, formerly of this city, died at
the hospital, New York, aged 30.

29. The travel between this city and Albany, says the
Troy Whig, is immense. The cars, which run hourly, carry
a large number of passengers : while the stages which run
half-hourly, are crammed full nearly every trip. The num-
ber of persons going to and coming from Albany daily is pro-
bably in the neighborhood of two thousand. This would be
equal to 60,833 per calendar month, and 730,000 a year !
This estimate does ntt, we think, fall short of the mark.

October, 1849.

1. A rain storm during the whole day refreshed the earth

which had sustained a long drouth Henry Holmes died.

Casper Walter died.

2. Albany Medical College opened with a lecture by Dr.

T. R. Beck Capt. Henry Terbush, of the steam boat A.

L. Lawrence killed by the machinery of the boat. James

Carroll died, aged 57.

3. Working Men's State Convention assembled The

flags of shipping were displayed at half mast on account of
the death of Henry Terbush, captain of the steamer A. L.
Lawrence Henry A. Newman died, aged 23.

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 377

4. Severe rain storm The O'Reily Telegraphery re-
ported from Catskill, though fully connected to Newburgh.
Nathan 0. Banks, junior, of Putnam county, in going aboard
the Isaac Newton, walked off the plank and was drowned.

5. Moses Wallace died Rain in the morning and at

intervals through the day.

6. Rain again this morning. Telegraphery announced
at 3 P. M. rain in New York and Buffalo ; very rainy in
Albany.

7. Still the rain fell. A strong northerly wind prevailed.
The fourth day without sunshine or even at night star light.
Patrick O'Brien died, aged 25.

8. Stars were visible at 5 A. M. At 6 rain again com-
menced, but cleared away at 8 A. M., when the sun for the
first time in four days was visible George Mossop, a na-
tive of Dublin, in connection with the Albany Museum,

died, aged 35 T. D. Sprague, editor of the American

Literary Magazine of this city, died at Andover, Conn.,
aged 30.

9. Frost and a thick fog overspread the city. The mail
and other New York steamers were accordingly delayed till

noon The Synod of Albany (0. S. ) met in the First

Presbyterian Church. The 25th regiment of N. Y. Militia,

Col. Frisbie, went into encampment for three days

George H. Welch, of the firm of Adams & Welch, died,
aged 28.

10. The Albany, Rensselaerville and Schoharie Plank
Road Co. was organized. Lansing Pruyn as president, David

H. Cary, treasurer, and Charles M. Jenkins, secretary

Iron fence around the State Hall grounds completed.

11. A heavy and drenching rain which commenced on

the evening of the 10th, continued till midnight

Mrs. M. A. Record died, aged 41. Peter Wall died, aged

41 A Multitude of Fishes. — Mr. T. Carman of this

city, in company with another, took on Thursday night at
the Troy dam, no less than 7,000 fish, of the sucker tribe !
They were all towed down in large floating cars, alive and
kicking, and were in the market in good order. They were
brought down by the freshet which has swollen the river,
and in this instance no doubt, the pockets of enterprising
and experienced fishermen.

378 Chronicle of Events in Albany. [Oct.

12. Mrs. Kebecca BoUes, wife of Jeremiah Wallace, died,

aged 30 years The water in the river was over the docks

in many places.

13. Thomas I. Morgan died, aged 38. Mary E. Hoff-
man, daughter of the late Levi S. Hoffman, aged 14, died.

Mrs. Kaesel died Specimens of coal exhibited in the

city, said to have been obtained by boring at Coeymans.
Half a million of dollars have been spent in this neighbor-
hood in searching for coal, without any success, and the
geologists have decided that there can be none.

14. The house of Edward Thies, in North Ferry street,
entered by burglars and robbed of various articles.

15. Stephen C. Keeler died.

16. Elizabeth, widow of the late Robert Lottridge, died,
aged 65.

17. Plank road on the old Cherry Valley turnpike com-
pleted to Guilderland.

18. Antirent Convention ; said to have been attended
with small effect.

19. Barley Trade of Albany. — The city of Albany is
known far and wide as the barley market of the Union.
At this market, five-sixths of the barley received every year
at tide-water from the barley growing counties of the west
is bought and sold. The trade lasts about two months, and
during that time a very brisk business is done. As an evi-
dence of the increasing demand for this article, we would
mention that in 1844 the whole quantity of barley received
at tide water from the canals did not exceed 820,000 bushels,
while the quantity of the new crop of the present year
which had reached ti-de-water on the 22d inst., was 650,101
bushels. Of this new crop, 498,000 bushels have been
reported as sold here, in the daily reports of the Argus.
This is about five-sixths of the whole receipts, and if to
this we add the lots which were sold here to arrive and
which do not enter into the reports of the daily sales, the
proportion of sales to receipts is more than five-sixths.
The sales here may be thus classified : Two rowed barley,
252,400 bushels; four rowed, 201,900; mixed, 43,700.
Total, 498,000 bushels.

20. Peter Donelly, a member of the Albany Artillery,
died A company of nearly 300 Portuguese refugees,

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany » 379

under the charge of the American and Foreign Christian
Union, arrived from New York in the steam boat, to spend
the sabbath, on their way to Illinois.

21. Christopher Joselyn alias Lillie was killed in South

Broadway, near the steam boat landing Jane Moore, wife

of M. D. Moore, died at East Albany, aged 35. David B.
Douglass, LL.D., died at Geneva College, where he was profes-
sor of mathematics and natural philosophy ; he laid out the
grounds of the Albany Rural Cemetery.

23. John Martin died, aged 32 Great storm of

wind and rain with heavy thunder, in the evening, destroy-
ing the circus tent and doing other damage.

24. Robert C. Russell died, aged 51.

25. The Common Council resolved to submit the water
question to the people at the ballot box, where they might
decide which of the projects for supplying the city they

would choose, or decline to have water Mary Elizabeth

Norton died, aged 18. Anna Layton died, aged 16. Sar-
telle Prentice died, aged 83. David Sheridan died, aged
22. Rosanna McDonald died, aged 19.

26. Dense fog, detaining the steam boats from New York
till nearly 11 o'clock a.m.

27. Delia Adams, wife of Sherman Croswell, died, aged
39. Anna Eliza, wife of William B. Winne, died, aged 37.

29. Peter Wendell, M.D., died, aged 64.' He was the
longest resident practitioner of medicine in the city, and
next to Dr. Bay the oldest. Dr. Wendell was a native of
this city — born in 1 786. He received the best education
that the city afforded, and at the usual time* entered the
office of the late Dr. Wm, McClelland, then one of the princi-
pal physicians here. During his course of study, he
attended two courses of lectures at the University of Penn-
sylvania. On his return he commenced the practice of
medicine. This was in 1807, and we need scarcely add how
extensive and lucrative this proved duriug the long period
of 42 years. Dr. Wendell received the honorary degree of
doctor of medicine from the University of Pennsylvania
some fifteen years or more after he had attended it as a student.
In 1823, he was chosen by the legislature a regent of the
university, of which body he became chancellor in 1842,
and to which last office he has since been annually reap-

380 Chronicle of Events in Albany, [Nov.

pointed Great storm in the evening. The wind blew

a hurricane, and the rain fell in torrents. The streets
descending from the hill became rivers, washing down great
quantities of stones, clay and sand; the sewers in some
instances became clogged, and the turbid streams overflow-
ing the side walks, poured a torrent into the, basements.
The telegraph wires were blown down in all directions.
The Isaac Newton gallantly breasted the storm, and reached
her landing place at the usual hour. The tide in the river

was higher than had been known for several years

Statement of the amount of freight started from the depot
at East Albany : 10,053^ barrels of flour: 942 barrels of
apples; 1,405 boxes of cheese ; 75 bales of wool; 1,159
firkins of butter ; 958 barrels of beef. Eight trains, with
361 cars, were sent east; the receipts for freight were $5,423.

30. Margaret Matilda, wife of Amasa Bates, died, aged 30.

31. Ellen, wife of Smith T. Van Buren, and youngest
daughter of the late Wm. James, died, aged 27. Mary,
wife of John Grifl&n, died, aged 62. Henry Blake died,

aged 70 A slight fall of snow in the morning The

aggregate of all assessments approved and confirmed during
the year to this date was $66,482.50 ; on account of which
there has been received during the same time $36,952,93,
leaving a balance of $29,520.51 due the city The earn-
ings' of the Albany and Schenectady Rail Road for the
month of October were $19,276; same time last year, $14,-
732 ; excess in 1849 (equal to 31 per cent) $4,544.

November, 1849,

1. Ice made in the open cisterns of the city for the first
time this season, which had thus far been remarkably free

from frosts Mrs. Amanda Emerson died, aged 52

Michal Querk, an Irish laborer, crushed to death by a canal
boat.

2. There are five flouring mills in successful operation in or
near this city, four of them are worked by water and one by
steam power. They have each four run of stones and con-
sume annually about 400,000 bushels of wheat. The mil-
lers supply themselves in a great measure with grain from
the market, and these mills are now turning out a goodly
quantity of flour which forms a small addition to our daily

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany, 881

supply. Mr. C. N. Bement, has also a small steam mill in
Hudson street, for flouring various kinds of grain for family
use-

3. Eliza, wife of Gr. Gr. Vandenburgh of this city, died at
Burdett, Tompkins county, aged 60.

4. A fire on the corner of Broad and Nucella streets con-
sumed two buildings, one of them owned and occupied by
Mr, Thomas Fisher, who some time since lost his eyesight at
a fire in Grreen street, since which he had been allowed the
privilege of selling cofi'ee and cakes from a wagon in State
street for a subsistence. The fire was undoubtedly the work
of an incendiary. While the fire was at its height, and
Mr. Fisher and his family had escaped from the house, and
the excitement somewhat subsided, he made known to
several friends that a trunk, which was on the first floor
under his bed, contained, besides valuable papers, over $100
in money. Mr. William Bradt, a courageous and daring
young man, volunteered to attempt its rescue, and the next
moment was in the room. The bed and a portion of the
floor was on fire, and the room filled with smoke The
young man secured the trunk, but was so near suffocated as
to be unable to regain the street with it, and was drawn
from the building with the trunk in his arms, by one of the
hooks of a hook and ladder company, completely exhausted.
His hands, eyebrows and clothes were much singed. An
offer from Mr. Fisher of $100 as a reward for his intrepidity,
was promptly declined by him.

5. Fanny, wife of John C. Heermance, died, aged 43

The street committee of the Common Council reported in
favor of opening Lydius street, from Allan to Magazine street,
which would make that street an uninterrupted thorough-
fare of thirteen miles in length. •

6. Rachel, wife of Peter Putman. died at Canajoharie,

aged 40; formerly of Albany The evening boat for

New York was detained by the fog till 6 o'clock this morn-
ing. The boat due this morning from New York did not

arrive till 8 o'clock in the afternoon Robert H. Pruyn

elected to the Assembly by a majority of 292 votes over
the democratic competitor, Dr. Barent P. Staats. The entire
Whig ticket elected in the city,

382

Chronicle of Events in Albany.

[Nov.

Judicia/ry
State

7. Sarah, wife of Robert Collins, died, aged 41

The followine; table' is aa abstract of the official returns of
the county vote :

Whig. Maj.

Spencer 5916 302

Wright 6766 1197

W. Hunt 6933 1329

Morgan 6859 1130

Stevens 6244 117

A.Hunt 6872 1159

Seymour 6660 743

Beach 6444 313

Squire 6369 134

Johnson 6466 425

Beardsley^ 6385 326

Lay* 6598 689

McKown* 6612 852

Landon* 6362

Winne* 7041

Blaisdell 6018

Senator .
Shei'iff . .
Cleric . . .
Justice . .
Coroners.

Bem.

. Jewett 6218

Hogeboom. . . 5569

, Lott 5604

Randall 5729

Chatfield .... 6127

Welch 5713

CampbeU .... 5917

FoUett 6131

Clark 6235

McEwen 6041

Fenner 6059

Blanchard 5909

Daw 5769

, Brower 6199

Parker 6080

Wadsworth . . 6019

9. After nearly a week of rainy weather the river com-
menced rising, and the merchants on the dock began to hoist

their goods to the second loft A Drummond light

exhibited successfully for the first time in this city, from top

of the Museum Canal boat Hartford, belonging to

J. H. Mallory & Co., arrived from Buffalo with 875 barrels
of flour between decks — the largest quantity ever brought
by one boat John Gill died, aged 39.

10. Such of the forwarders and flour merchants along the
dock and pier as had not secured their stock from the
freshet, met with losses by the sudden rise on Friday night.
Everything presented the appearance of a spring freshet,
only that the damage was much greater in not being pro-
vided against, at a busy season. Much property was carried
away by the overflowing of the pier, and vessels even
broke from their moorings. The freshet extended as far
as Hudson Mary Teresa Shallow died, aged l8.

11. The water in the river had fallen two feet since Fri-
day night Trinity Church took fire from its furnace

in the evening, but was only slightly damaged Samuel

W. Harned died, aged 59. Mrs. Honourah Conway died,
aged 52.

* Elected.

1849.] Chronicle of Events in Albany. 383

12. Capt. Samuel A. Brooks died.

13. Ann Stewart died, aged 83 Josiah Miirton, a

hand on a schooner, fell overboard and was drowned; age
17 Annual meeting of Albany County Medical So-
ciety; address by Dr. James McNaughton, on cholera.

14. Mary A, wife of George E. Cady, died, aged 37

The Emmet Guards went down to New York to participate
in the funeral obsequies of Gen. Worth on the 15th.

15. Philo Colvard died, aged 74. Hannah Margaret, wife
of Thomas Jordan, late of Albany, died at Troy, aged 26.

16. Thomas McGuire died, aged 34.

17. The rail road took from this city and delivered in
Boston, during the week ending this day, 29,300 barrel's
flour, averaging nearly 5,000 barrels a day.

19. Deidamia, widow of the late Timothy Adams, of

Barre, Mass., died, aged 74 Joseph May hew, mate of

a Rhode Island sloop, fell overboard and was drowned; aged
40 Very rainy from New York to Buffalo.

20. Selah Belden died, aged 35 Canal receipts at

Albany : Flour 9,743 brls ; ashes 26 do. ; beef 284 do. ;
pork 10 do. ; whiskey, &c., 42 do : corn 15,268 bushels ;
barley 7.630 do. oats, 6,159 do. ; rye 3,960 do. ; wheat 2,200
do; potatoes 7 do.; butter 11,528 lbs.; wool 27,130 do. ;
hams and bacon 29,370 do.

21. The canal boat Hartford, Capt. Van Alstyne, which
left Buffalo on the 10th inst., arrived at this port with 910

barrels flour shipped to J. H. Mallory & Co Henry H.

Dodge died by the wound of a pin, aged 18.

22. Nearly 300 emigrants came up from New York,
among whom were a number of Hungarians.

23. Collins W. Simonds died, aged 30 Canal receipts

at Albany, Nov. 23 : Flour 22,101 barrels. ; ashes 64 do ;
beef 1,816 do. ; whiskey, &c., 202 do. ; corn 8,750 bushels.;
barley 13,713 do. ; oats, 7,823 do. ; wheat 2,010 do. ; peas 46
do ; potatoes 693 do. ; seed 6,300 lbs. ; butter 57,950 do. ;
wool 14,954 do.; hams and bacon 4,292 do.

25. Barbary Hamburgh died, aged 24. A laborer by

the name of Coughlin, fell from the Cathedral and was
killed ; his age 35.

25. Mary Brower died, aged 71. Maurice O'Conner
died, aged 70. Patrick McNamara died, aged 44. Mrs.
Martha Jacobs died, aged 68.

384 Chronicle of Events in Albany, [Nov. '49.]

26. Martha Russell, of New Bedford, died, aged 76

The Water Works Company proposed to supply the city
more effectually with water by increasing their capital to
$450,000, and forcing water up from the river The fi-
nance committee of the Common Council reported that the
sum of $168,003.36 be raised by a tax for the support of the
city government for the ensuing year, as follows :

For expenses of night police $18,000.00

<' public lamps, 10,000.00

" contingent expenses (ordinary) $30,000.00

" expense of fire department 20,000.00

On account of payment to pier pro-
prietors to obtain their consent to
the law relative to expenditures
for excavating Albany Basin, &c. 10,000.00

60,000.00

To pay interest on city debt 45,500.00

On account of sinking fund 10,000.00

For support of common schools 9,003.36

" alterations and repairs district school No. 10 500.00

For temporary relief of city poor 5,000.00

For probable balance that will remain unpaid
May 1, 1850, on assessments and apportion-
ments for improving streets 10,000.00

$168,003.36

27. Mrs. Elizabeth M. Noyes died.

29. Thanksgiving The Albany and New York steam

tug Oswego arrived at New York having 41 canal barges
and boats in tow, all deeply laden with produce of various

kinds, the largest and almost the last tow of the season

Philo Redman murdered on the Schenectady turnpike.

30. James Birmingham died, aged 50 The canal re.

ceipts at Albany during the 4th week in Nov., were : Flour
103,743 barrels ; ashes 466 do.; beef 9,459 do. ; pork 587
do. ; whiskey, &c., 737 do. ; corn 24,902 bushels ; barley
52,906 do.; oats 32,458 do.; rye 9,716 do.; wheat 14,241
do. ; peas 765 do. ; potatoes 7,970 do. ; seeds 147,615 lbs. ;
butter 533,270 do.; cheese 610,725 do. ; lard 137,280 do. ;
wool 121.865 do. ; hams and bacon 14,146 do.

INDEX.

Abantzeue, Indian sachem, 15

Abbet, John, builds church, 166

Abeel, Christoffel, child buried, 132,
138
David, child buried, 145
G.. his letter about Frielinghuy-

sen, 121
Henr}'. buried, 145
Jan Stoffelse, his seat in church,

127
John, sheriff, 197; mayor's com-
mission, 213

Abrahamse, Melgert, wile buried, 133

Academy, attempt to organize, 199;
incorporated by the regents, 200;
Merchant's, 236 ; park, 275

Adam, James, child buried, 146

Adams, John Quincy, death announc-
ed, 331 ; eulogv on, 335
Mrs. Timothy. d"ied, 383

Adelberg, K., Lutheran pastor, 169

Adirondack mountains, source of Hud-
son, 221

Admiral, steam boat, 218, 220; first
steam boat up, 333

Adriaensen, Maryn, 24

Aelstyne. Cornells Martise, child bu-
ried, 140.
Gysbert M., child bu.ried, 140 ; see

Van Aelstyn.
Jacob, buried, 133

Agassiz, lectures, 331

Agniez at burning of Schenectady, 72

Aiken, James, died. 342

Air furnaces, 277

Albany, ancient plan of, 183 ; descrip-
tion of, 185 ; described by Kalm,
54 ; dimensions of city, 188 ; set-
tlement of, 18; its rail road lacili-
ties, 1S9; its exports, 189; popu-
lation 1815, 189; centre of trade
and transshipment, 190; popula-
tion in 1790, 191 : electors in 1797,
192 ; slaves in 1790, 191 ; towns in
county. 1797. 192 ; taxable inhabit-
ants, 1795. 193; towns set off, 1809,
193; incorporated, 193, 271; super-
fices of county. 193; agricultural
products, 194; civil officers, 1693,
197 ; described by Weld, 209 ; con-
dition and prospects, 1789. 236;
post office 1785, 246 ; ancient com-
merce of, 257 ; description of, 1823,

33

Albany, continued —

269 ; city so called 1664. 271 ; char-
ter obtained 1686, 271 : treasury
impoverished, 272; public build-
ings, 272 ; city government, 1823,
278; income and expenses, 1825,
278 ; first settlers 1612. 280 : latitude
and longitude of, 280. 281 ; style of •
architecture, 281 ; characteristics
of the people, manners and cus-
toms, 282; Morse's account of,
1786, 281; do. 1796, 284; Catholic
diocese, first bishop installed, 321 ;
real estate valuations, 1848, 355;
debt in 1849, 359; finances, 1849,
3^ ; first fort at, 11

Academy, account of, 199 ; its loca-
cation and cost, 189, £75 ; first site,
314

Argus, 219

Burgesses corps entertain Boston
City Guards, ?>40

City Bank incorporated, 296

County Medical Society, meeting- of,
383

coimty, statistics of, 191; divided,
192

Daily Messenger appeared, 362

Evening Journal circulation, 332

Exchange Bank incorporated, 296

Exchange building, 190

Female Academy, account of, 202;
first edifice, 205; second edifice,
205 ; anniversary, 340

Female Seminary, anniversary, 339

Gazette, of 1772, 166; Webster's,
195, 259

Library, 1823, 276

Medical College, commencement,
356 ; opening lecture, 376

Morning Express begun, 321

Nail Works burnt, 376

propeller, arrived, 337

Register, 313

Rensselaerville and Schoharie Plank
Eoad Co.. 377

Republican Artillery in Mexican
war, 321 ; excursion, 371

Rural Cemetery, architect died, 379

Savings Bank incorporated, 295;
report of funds. 357

Society ot Brotherly Love, 245

Tow Boat Company, 335

386

Index,

Albertse, John, freeholder, 267
Albertseii, Barent, 65. See De Noor-
man.

Hendrick, ferry master, 64; died,
74 ; settler, 187
Albion Hotel, great fire began at, 342
Aldermen, first board of, 63; assist-
ant, 63

justices of the peace, 197
Aldridge's inn, 250
Alexander, Cornelius, died, 341

Joseph, bank director, 295
Algie, Nathan, 245
Algonquin or Canada Indians, 13
Aliua, steam boat, 322; quick trips,

337, 367
Allen, Kev. Benjamin, first principal
of Academy, 200

C. P., died, 373

Edward D., 255

James, died, 368

Lucius, died, 370

Moses, founds school, 203

Robert, arrested, 324

Solomon, founds school, 203

Mrs. Winaford died, 368
Allertsen, Francis, 71
Alms, how to be received in the church,

110
Almshouse of Dutch church, size and
location of, 102

County, deaths at, 325; expense
of, 276, 330 ; health, 309 ; mortal-
ity, 331 ; paupers at, 321 ; re-
port, 355 ; statistics, 370 ; sani-
tary report, 373
Ambler, R. P., Universalist pastor, 180
American Hotel, 313

Literary Magazine, editor died, 377
Ames's gallery, 270; his portrait of

Washington, 274
Amsden, William K., died, 347
Amsden's inn, 250

Amsterdam, letter from, 38; foot de-
fined, 152
Anderson, Elvenah C, died, 347

Jane, died, 331

Susan, died, 327
Andros, Sir Edmund, sent over as

governor, 98; contest with the

church ofllcers, 81
Anglomania iu Albany, 116
Angus, Mrs. Catharine, died, 362
Anne, queen, presents of, 61
Annesly, William, died, 349
Anshe Emeth, Jewish society, 179
Anthony, Christopher, died, 349
Anthony's Nose, promontory, origin

of name, 74
Anti-federal vote, 1788, 228
Antigua, voyage to, 257
Antirent convention, 323, 378
Apothecaries Hall, ancient site of, 316
Appel, Johannis, freeholder, 268
Apple trees, 1749, 48

Appleton & Warren, organ builders,

175.
Apprentices library, 1823, 276
Ai'abia sloop, 260
Arbor hill buria! ground, removal of,

324; converted into a park, 364;

district school, 363
Architecture of the city, 189
Area of the city, 269
Arissen, Claes, 65, 187
Armen, Abram, 131
Ai-menia, steam boat, arrived, 336
Arms of Norway, ship, 71

Rensselaerswyck, vessel, 29, 30;
confiscated, 31

the city, 185
Armsby, Dr., address by, 356
Armstrong, Adam, died, 367
Arnhout, John, 163, 164
Arsenal of 1823, 276
Artillery, target excursion, 376
Ashmore, 164

Aswerus, daughter Maria buried, 146
Athens, church at, 154, 155
Aughquago, 192
Augsburg confession adhered to by

Lutherans, 149, 150
Aukus, Dow, freeholder, 265
Aurora stage, 249

borealis, 325, 331, 3-35, 340, 374
Auspah, Baltis, freeholder, 266
Austin's inn, 250
Autey, Mrs. Alex., died, 349
Avarice of the people, 58

Babcock, Elisha, 231
Baberrik, child buried, 131
Babington, Samuell, freeholder, 264
Bachelor tax proposed, 324
Backer, Jochem Wesselse, his lots, 313

Johannis, freeholder, 264

John, freeholder, 268

Storm, freeholder, 268
Baillie, Elizabeth, died, 326
Bain, married, 302

Baker, Captain, commander at Albany,
97

Christopher, 164

James B., died, 365

& Walbridge, stagers, 253
Baker's falls, 221

inn, 250
Bakers in procession, 2-31 ; prosecuted,

323
Bakker, Willem Juriaensen, 71 ; sen-
tenced, 76
Balch, Wm. S., Universalist pastor, 180
Baldwin, Mrs. Brunson A., died, 355

Ebeuezer, law student, 299
Balloon ascension, 342
Ballston , population, 1790, 191 ; springs ,

194 ; stage, 248
Baltic, steam tug, 335

Index,

387

Baltimore, No. houses in, 147 ; mails,

247
Bancker, Garryt, his lot, 102
Bauckers, 73 ; Elizabeth, buried, 135
Bank of Albany, 277, 285 ; account of,
288; oppose Branch, 292

New York, 288

the Capitol organized, 298
Banker, Evert, grant of land to, 95;

his seat in church, 127 ; freeholder,

268; buried. J 35
Banks, Nathan O., droAvned, 377

notices of, 288
Banyar, Goldsbrow, opposed to bank,

288 ; bank director, 289
Baptisms, register of, 81, 88, 96 ; first

in new church, 86
Baptist Church sold to Jews, 179 ; site
of Vanderheyden house, 302

society, early member, 327
Baptists, 276
Baraet, see Berret.
Barbers in procession, 230
Barclay, John, 68

Thomas, worships in Lutheran
church, 153 ; freeholder, 263
Bard, Mary, 359
Barents, Annetje, 65

Ida, witness against slanderers, 125
Barentsen, Egbert, child buried, 133

Gilles, 72
Barheyt, John, 268

Wouter, freeholder, 268; buried,

lai

Barhyt, Barent, child buried, 132

Barker, Thomas, 245

Barley trade of Albany, 378 ; 1749, 49 ;
price of, 347

Barlow, Joel, predicts Erie canal, 215

Barnard. Almira. died, 348

Daniel, address on Spencer, 355
Frederick J., bank director, 296

Barnburner convention, 324 ; meeting
of, 325; nomination, .345; secede,
321 ; meeting of, 323 ; nominate
\^an Bur en, 341

Barrack street, so miscalled, 310

Barry. Thomas, merchant, 1785_, 214

Bart^ Willem, Patroonman, buried, 146

Bartow, Henry, cashier, 295

Basin, excavations, 384; its dimen-
sions, 277, 278; question settled,
375

Bassett, Rev. John, his ministry, 83 ;
notice of, 123: first English
preacher, 124 ; term of ministry,
88. See Besset.
Harriet, died, 351
Migael, child buried. 136
Mrs. John, died, 348
street, first synagogue in, 179

Bastiner G., buried, 147

Batchelder, Galen, bank director, 296

Bateau in procession, 1788, 233

Bateaux described by Kalm, 47

Bates, Mrs. Amasa, died, 380

Bath in 1796, 285 ; ferry boat, ice cut

for, 358
Batterman, Mr., 164

Christopher, architect of tobacco
works, 239
Battv, Beldon B., died, 364
Bauf, Bernhard, 163
Baxtei, Major, has use of pasture, 98
Bay, Andrew, Presbyterian pastor, 170,

172
Beal, Moses, erects a stage, 248
Beardslee, Augustus. 300
Bear's island,^30; Coorn's defense of,

33. See Beereu island
Beasly, Frederick, proposes grammar

school. 207
Beatson, David B., died, 333
Beaux Stratagem represented, 117
Beaver dam, Lutheran church at. 154

kil, 185

skins, size and price of, 26 ; circu-
lating medium, 128
Beck, Caleb. 286, 287 ; freeholder, 265

Theodric Romevn, 200; principal,
201 : lecture by, 376
Becker, Coeuraet, buried, 134

Jobs, child buried, 132; wife
buried, 132
Beekman, buried, 137

Christopher, 163 ; trustee, 162

Debora, buried, 139

Eva, buried, 144

Hendrick, buried, 145

Hendrick Jacobse, buried, 140

Jacob. 136; child buried, 132;
freeholder, 263

Johannis, child buried, 131, 139;
servant buried, 137: freeholder,
263 : his residence, 302 ; buried,
134, 140, 146 (difierent persons)

Johannis Senior, freeholder, 264

Jobs J., child buried, 134, 145

Jobs M., child buried, 146

Mrs. Peter Douw, died, 360

Neeltie, buried, 143

R., buried Hogan's child, 134

Thierck, buried, 139
Beeren island, 15, 30, 31, 32; protest

against, 33 ; ice obstructed at, 217 ;

niills near, 67
Belchertown stage, 251
Belden. Selah, died, 383
Bell, Margaret Jane. died. 334

from ' Holland, 81, 85 : tolled at
funeral, 86 ; of St. Peters. 318
Belle, steam boat, large tow, 349, 350
Bellomont, Earl of, sends Dom. Dellius

to Canada, 95
Bement, C. N., flour mill, 381

Leonard, 300
Benedict, Lewis, bank director, 295;

postmaster, 362
Beneway, Johannis, buried, 142

Gerrit, buried H. Halenback, 137

888

Index.

Beneway, Geurt, child buried, 136
Hendrick, buried, 133

Bennington, 252 ; stages to, ^8, 249 ;
post to, 247

Bennonie, child buried, 145

Benter, Andreas, 163, 164
Christian, 163, 164
Jargeu, 163, 164

Bentley, Betsey, died, 337

Berg, Gysbert de, see Van Wesepe
street, miscalled Barrack, 310

Berghoorn, Adriaen, 71

Berkenmeyer, William Christian, Lu-
theran minister, 1746, 153

Berly, Domine, buried in English
church, 137

Berne incorporated, 193; taxable in-
habitants, 1795, 193: antirenters,
331

Berret, Robert, buried, 146; wife
buried, 144 ; child buried, 145
Wyntie, buried, 140

Bertely, John, wife buried, 144

Besset, Magiel, child buried, 134, 137 ;
son buried, 130.
Michael. 135, 139 ; child buried, 143,
147. See Bassett.

Beth Jacob, Jewish Society, 179 ; syn-
agogue, 327, 336.

Bethel for watermen, account of, 177

Bethlehem, settlement of, 37; incor-
porated, 193; taxable inhabitants,
1795, 193 ; limestone and marl in,
194 ; island, 70

Betz, Conrad, 164

Beuchanau, Sarah, died, 351

Bever kil, 195 ; old highway on, 103.
skins purchased by Hudson, 3.

Beverwyck, Albany so called till 1664,
22 ; brewery, 40 ; corner stone of
church laid, 69 ; only ten houses
in 1646, 37 ; named Albany, 188

Bible Society, county, 255

Bidwell's inn, 250

Binker, admiral, 98

Birkenthal, Herman, Jewish rabbi, 179

Birmingham, James, died, 384

Births, marriages and deaths, 1848,
224

Bissels, Adam^ 16, 42, 43
Gerrit, 42

Black, John R., died, 360

Blacksmiths preferred to missionaries
by the Indians, 62 ; in procession,
230

Blake, Mrs. Elizabeth, died, 356
Henry, died, 380
Joseph, died, 350

Blanchard, Anthony, bank director, 296

Blatchford, Rev. Samuel, 255

Bleecker Hall, 124
Anne, 301
Anthony, 301

Barent, bank president, 291 ; bank
director, 289

Bleecker, Catherine, 301 ; died, 365

Gertrude, 301

Harmanus, 255 ; book of burials,
131 ; memoir of, 299

Hendrick, 301

Hon. Harmanus. died, 301, 367

Jacob, 299, 301 ; buried, 140 ; child
buried, 140

Jacob, Jr., 84

James, 84

Jan, first chamberlain, 63, 189

Jan Jansen, 69, 299; first alder-
man, 63, 160, 188; freeholder,
264; buried, 134; posterity of,
301

Jane, 301

Johannis, Captain, 197 ; freeholder,
264 ; buried, 136, 146 ; wife bur-
ied, 143 ; children of, 301

John J., 84

John, Jr., son buried, 133, 144 ;
daughter buried, 134

John, marshal, 235

John N., 84

John R., child buried, 142, 143

John R., bank director, 293

Jobs, son Barent buried, 146

Margaret, 301

Margarette, 301

Margrietie. 143 ; buried, 135

Nicholas, founds school, 203, 301

Nicholas, Jr, child buried, 135, 138

Nicolaes, child buried, 134,135. 136
143; freeholder, 263; buried, 143

Nicolas, Jr., buried, 141

Rachel, 301

Rutgert, 101, 104, 301 ; church
deacon, 105; freeholder, 264; wife
buried, 141 ; buried, 145

S. V. R., law student, 300

house, ancient parsonage, 124
Block, Adrien, 9
Blockhouses 1745, 280 ; last one burnt

1812, 280; location, 183, 184

and pump makers, 230
Bloemmaert, Catharina, 43

Coustantiua, 43

Juflvrouw Anna, 43

Samuel, 16, 42, 43
Bloodgood, Abraham, 257, 259

Francis, bank president, 293

James, 259

James C, law student, 299

Simeon De Witt, 257
Bloomendall, residence, 311
Blyckers, Jenneke, buried, 136
Board of Trade, 361 ; 1848, 240 ; elec-
tion, 330 ; opened, 338
Boa.tbuilders in procession, 230
Bockley, Marte, child buried, 143, 144 ;

wife buried, 144
Bogardus, Antony, buried, 138; son
buried, 135

Anneke, daughter of Petrus. buri-
ed, 141

Index.

389

Bogardus, Epharin. child buried, 132,
134; buried 139
Evert, buried, 139
Rev. Ev., married Anneke Jans,

65
Harme, 139
Pieter S., buried. 146
Ragel, buried, 146
Scheeboleth, buried, 139, 141; wife

buried, 140 ; child buried, 142
See Bregardus, and Brigardes
Bogart, Abram, child buried, 146;
sister buried, 137
Abram, Jr., child buried. 144
Abram P., child buried, 145
Benjamin, 138; child buried, 141
Coruelis, buried, 145
Hamilton, 300
Isaac, children buried, 134 ; buried,

132
Jacob, child buried, 136, 146
Jacob, Jr., child buried, 141, 144
Pieter, wife Rebecca buried, 144
Rev. David S., 172
W. H., law student, 300
Bogert, Cornells, sou buried, 131

David S., Presbyterian pastor, 176
Isaac, 84 ; child buried, 134, 140
Jacob C, 135
John, surveyor, 310
Boghardij. Harmanus a, 75
Boght, church at, 83,123; Lutherans

at, 164
Boom, Jobs, buried, 138
Boon, Francois, 74
Boose, Mattias, Sr., freeholder, 267
Booth, Harriet, died, 347

Lebbeus, account of Female Acade-
my, 204
Boreas river, head waters of Hudson,

221
Bor^haert, Cornells, freeholder, 264
Isaac, freeholder, 264
Jacob, Jr., fi'eeholder, 264
Borrelingen, Joris, 72
Bos, Cornells Teunissen, commissary,

66
Bosie, Frans Wey, child buried, 140
Boston. Captain bnried, 146
Boston City Guards arrived, 340 ; com-
merce with, 278; distance of,
185, 280; ferry accident, 344;
flour sent to, 322, 323; freight
depot built, 341 ; houses in, 147 ;
rail road to, 189, 190 ; receipts,
355 : stages, 250, 251, 253; trade
with, 1833, 241
Boundaries of the city, 269
Bout, Eversen, sells his farm in Pavo-
nia, 69
John, freeholder, 266
Bouton. C, candidate for assembly,

349
Bovie, Catreen, buried, 140
Claes, freeholder, 268

Bovie, Mattys, son buried, 140
Bowers, Laura A. mfe Aug. Bowers,

died, 332
Bowman, Charles, 163, 164
Bowne, Robert, California ship sailed,

357
Boyd & McDonald, workers in mastic,
172
James, died, 329
Jane Ann, died, 351
Peter, 204, ai5 ; bank director, 294
Boyd's (or Martin Gerretseu's) island,

186
Boylan, Mrs., died, 365
Bracebridee Hill, 304
Bradford, llev. John M., 85, 255; term
of ministry, 88 ; trustee of aca-
demy, 200; proposes grammar
school, 207
John W., law student, 300
Bradt, 65. See De Noorman,

Albert Andriessen de Noorman,

65, 1S7
John B., 84

William, intrepidity of, 381
Brainard, Miss N. C, died, 359
Brandt, descendants of Brandt Peelen
Van Nieukerke so called, 64. See
Van Niewkerk.
Branion, James, died, 359
Brants, Gerritje, married Goosen Ger-

ritsen Van Schaick, 70
Brass-founders in procession, 232
Brat, Adreiaen, child buried, 136, 137,
144 ; wife buried, 144
Albert, freeholder, 268 ; buried at

Flats, 134
Andries, wife Voyntie buried. 137;
freeholder, 268 ; child buried, 137
Anna buried in church, 133
Anthony, child buried, 134 ; buried
Roseboom's child, 136 ; buried
N. Ryckman, 136
Anthony Ay., wife buried, 143;

child buried, 143
Antony Egbertie, child buried, 143
Antony Jobs, wife buried, 144
Antony Jr., child buried, 142
Arent, freeholder, 265
Arnout, Jr. freeholder, 265
Barent, ancient grave digger, 131
Barent, Jans, buried, 138
Barnt, freeholder, 204
Benjamin, child buried, 132
Daniel, buried G. Marselis, 137

buried J. Marselis, 139
Derrick, freeholder, 265, 266, 267

buried, 135
Egbert, buried A. Ryckman, 136 ,
children buried, 132 ; buried J.
Marselis, 141
Egbert, child buried, 132
Elizabeth buried, 145.
Gerret, wife buried, 137; child
buried, 139

390

Index,

Brat, Hendrick buried, 139 ; child bu-
ried, 141

Jan, child buried, 137, 142

Jobs, buried, 138 ; child buried, 146

Neeltie, daughter buried. 141

Rebecca, child buried, 141

Storm, freeholder, 26S

Susana, 131

Theunis, burial of, 131

Tunis, freeholder, 264

Vullenpie, buried, 138
Brate, Mrs. Nicholas, died, 374
Brats, Benjamin, buried, 136
Bratt, Albert, Lutheran elder, 151
Brattleboro', stage to, 253
Braun, Anthon Theodore, Lutheran

minister, 155, 161
Brayton's inn, 250
Breakey, Dr. Isaiah, died, 330
Bregardus, Antony, freeholder, 263.

See Bogardus
Brewers in procession 1788, 230
Brewer's street, 102
Brewery, 1637, 36 ; first superintend-
ent, 64
Bricklayers in procession, 232
Bricks, manufacture of, 198 ; importa-
tion of, 302
Bridge over basin, 334; pier company

to maintain, 375
Bries, Anthony, quartermaster, 198

nendk, buried, 144 ; child buried,
141 ; at Papsknee, 134

John, buried, 145
Brigardes, Seibolet, freeholder, 264
Brigham. Richard. 75
Brinckerhofl; John, 200
British chaplain, 182
Britton, S. B.. Universalist pastor, 180

Jane Elizabeth, homicide, 348
Broad and Nucella streets, 381
Broadway improved, 344

House game club, 338
Brockholes, Major, has use of pasture,

98
Brockholst, Captain Anthony, 126
Brodhead, Lucas, teacher, 205
Bronck, Jonas, 40

Mrs. John, 68

Pieter, tavern keeper, 76
Bronck's kil (Coxsackie creek), 68
Bronly, Bromly, Bronbely, Billy, child

buried, 1.38, 143
Brookfleld stage, 249, 251
Brooks, Capt Samuel A., died, 383

David, 292
Broon, ISTedt, servant of Jef [Mrs.]

Livingston, buried, 135
Broose, Gabriell, freeholder, 266
Brouwer, Capt. Jan, 17

Pieter Clemeutsen, 10
Brouyn, Jan, buried, 134
Brower, Mary, died, 383

Nicholas, died, 324

Brown, Amey A., died, 365

A. Heyer, 213

Andrew, 245

Dorothy E., died, 325

Edward, founds school, 203

George S., died, 340

Isaac, died, 343

James H., died, a32

John C, died, 374

Lester Bucklin, died, 331

Richard, 242. See Braun
Bruise, Claes, freeholder, 266
Brumley, 164
Brunk, Peter, freeholder, 267

Juo., freeholder, 267

Lenard, freeholder, 267
Bryan, John, bank director, 294

Margaret, died, 342
Buck's inn, 250
Buckwheat, price of, 347
Buddington. Miss, died, aS2
Buffalo rail road, connection with, 189 ;

stage to, 253 ; distance to, 280
Bullions, Peter, chaplain St. Andrews

society, 245
Bullock, Joseph N., bank director,

298
Bui son, Peter, died, 324
Bumstead, John, freeholder, 265
Bunick, 67

Bunsen, Hendk, child buried, 135
Burgaert, Coonradt, freeholder, 266

John, freeholder, 266. See Bogart
Burgess, Robert, died, 373
Burgesses corps, excursion to Sara-
toga, 373
Burgojme, boast of, 189 ; religious

services during his approach, 122
Burial customs, 129 ; fees, 175 ; ground,

ancient, 130 ; expenses of 1719.

131 ; ground of Jews, 179
Burials, record of, 131 ; required to be

reported, 370
Burlington stage, 249, 251
Burns, drowned, 328
Burr, Aaron, bank director, 292
Burrowes, Edward, 287
Burt, Thomas M., bank director, 296
Burton, Dr. Amos N., died, 348

John J., died, 359

Mrs. John, died, 359
Burnt district improved, 344
Bush, Rev. Stephen, missionary, 359
Bushwick, Rev. Bassett at, 83
Butchers in procession, 232
Butler, Benjamin F., lecture by, 326

J. W., died, 367

James, died, 348

John, 367
Buttermilk creek extinct, 195
Butts, Thomas, 164
Buttz, Thomas, 165
Buys, Jan Cornells, 66
Bylvelt, Juriaen, 67

Index,

391

Cady, Mrs. George E., died, 383
Cagger, Michael, 242

Peter, head of barnburners, 322
Cahill, John, died, 372
Caldwell, James, 334 ; in celebration,
1788, 235; tobacco factory, 236,
238 ; burnt, 240 ; advocates bank,
288 ; bank director, 289
William, died, 334
lot, first bank on, 290
California expedition, 355
Calmar, 71
Calvinists, first settlers consisted of,

148
Cambridge. Mass., population 1790,

191 ; Wash. Co., poft to, M7
Campbell. Alexander, 287
Daniel, 245

Dr. William H., sermon by, 351
Elizabeth, died, 339
John N. Presbyterian pastor, 172,
5:55
Canaan, stage, 250

Canada, 4l1 great river of, 13; In-
dians, 1.3 ; Indian trade, 57 ; settle-
ment begun, 13
Canadian invasion, 319
Canajoharie, post to, 247; post road,

248; stage to, 248,249
Canal Bank, incorporated, 295; fail-
ure, 297, 340, 359, 360 : dividend,
366
basin. 190
enlargement, 350
opening and closing of, 223
receipts, 345, 346, 372, 383, 384
street pond, 342
Canandaigua, 200 ; post route, ^8 ;

stage to, 250, 253
Canastigeone, freeholders, 1720, 267
Canawargus, post route, 248
Canoes described bv Kalm, 47
Canoll, John W. H., died, 327
Cantine. John, 292

William R., died, 346
Canton, sloop voyage to, 261
Cape Cod. Hudson sails to, 1

Good Hope, voyage to, 262
Capitol, described, 189 ; bill to remove,
332 ; distance from Broadway,
270; cost of building, 272; its
elevation, 272; description of,
273, 274 ; park, 275
Caravans, new feature, 3-39
Carey, Catherine, died, 347

David H., sec. board of trade, 240
Carlton House, robbery at, 328 ; fire in,

351
Carman. Mr. T., great haul of fishes,

377
Carmen in procession, 2.31
Carmichael, Peter, died. 329
Carpenter, see Teunissen, Jan

George W., city surveyor, 335
Carpenter's inn, 250

Carpenters in procession 1788, 230
Carr, Mr., 258

Carre, Sir Robert, captured New Am-
sterdam, 58
Carroll, James, died, 376

John, died, 331
Carson, Mrs. Thomas, died, 368
Carsten, Anna Marytie, buried, 131
Carstenssen, Audries, settler, 64, 187
Carteris, Mr., child buried, 140
Cary, David H., 377
Case's inn, 250

Casperse, Jno., freeholder, 133, 267
Cassidy, Cornelius, died, 361

John, died, 361

John P., died, 370

Patrick, 242
Cassidy' s market, 158
Castle island, 13, 15, 16, 37, 186 ; leased
to Vauderdonck, 23; Vander
Donck's house on, .34 ; leased by
Martin GerretsenYan Bergen, 65,
187 ; farm on, 74

Rensselaer, Rensselaer stein so
called, 31
Cateris, Mr., child buried in the Eng-
lish church, 139
Cathedral, accident at, 340 ; collection

to build, 324, 374; corner stone

laid, 339
Catholic churches, celebrate St. Pa-
trick's, 333
Catries, Mr., son buried, 140
Catskil creek, 195; freeholders, 1720,

267; Indians take refuge at, 319;

mountains, seen from Albany, 185,

194; population 1790, 191; taxable

inhabitants, 1795, 193; telegraph

completed to, 377
Caves in the Helderberg, 194
Caj'uga stage, 250
Cayugas, 13
Celebration of the federal constitution,

1788, 228
Cell, Jan, child buried, 138
Cemeteries removed to Knox street,159
Cemetery of Lutherans, 151
Centennial anniversary of charter, 218
Center, Asa H., founds school, 203,

205; director academy, 204; bank

director, 295
Central avenue, Lutheran church, 169 ;

rail road, 244
Centre market, its removal, 151 ; cost

of lot, 275
Chadwick, James H., 376
Chamber of Commerce, 1823, 276
Chambers, Mrs. William, died, 352
Champlain canal, 277 ; completed, 280 ;

lake, 13, 219
Channing, Henry W., 299
Chapel street, miscalled Barrack, 310
Chapin, Lyman, bank director, 295

Moses, tutor, 200

O. N., 240

392

Index,

Chapman, William, president board

trade, 240, 330
Chapultepeck,VanOLuida killed at, 321
Charcoal of black pine, 54
Charles, D. D. T., bank director, 298
George, died, 348
n, his snuffbox in Albany, 38
Charleston, number of houses in, 147
Charlestown, stage to, 253
Charter of privileges for patroons, 15,
17 ; of city granted 1686, 63, 271 ;
oldest charter in Union, 271 ; cele-
bration of, 218
Chase, Lawrence, freeholder, 265
Cheapside street, 1772, 214
Cherry- Valley, distance of, 280; stage

to, 249, 253 ; road planked, 378
Cherubusco, battle of, 321
Chesapeake bay, \isited by Hudson, 1
Chester, Rev. John, 255; director

academy, 204
Chesterfield stage, 251
Chifferder, John G., drowned, 364
Chimneys of the ancients, 53
China ware, import of, 261
Chocolate factory, 237
Cholera, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369,
370, 371, 372, 373, 374; began 1849,
363
Christening fee, 175
Christian Mutual Benefit Society, 328
Christianse, Cornells, freeholder, 267
Henry, pioneer, 186
Jan, buried, 140
Johannis, ft-eeholder, 267
Christie, James, 255
Christmas, 1847, 329
Chronicle of Events, 321
Church ordered to be built, 25 ; lotte-
ries, 166 ; pasture, 271 ; penny, 176 ;
street 25 80
Churches m 1749, 54 ; 1789. 283 ; 1796,

210, 285 ; 1823, 276
Cincinnati, sloop, 260
City bounds, how first determined,
97 ; gates, their locations, 183 ;
hall, 223 ; its purposes, 189 ; rail
road sinking fund, report on,
352 ; sell pasture to pay debts,
98; records relating to the
church, 124
Tavern (alias Lewis's tavern), 289 ;
meeting at, 199 ; its location, 312
Civil officers, 1693, 197
Claesen, Claes, settler, 187

Hans, 10
Claessen, Bregie, 142
Claes, 65

Cornells, buried in his Orchard,
136 ; wife Susanna buried, 138 ;
sister Bregie buried, 142
Clament, Joseph, freeholder, 265
Clark, George T., died, 362
James, died, 322

Clark, Jeremiah, bank director, 295

Joseph S., died, 350

Mrs. Geo. T., died, 361

Ralph, died, 375

Sally, died, 368
Classis of Amsterdam, churches subor-
dinate to, 80
Claverack, church at, 155 ; stage, 251 ;

freeholders. 1720, 266
Clawe, Hendrick, freeholder, 266
Clay of Albany unsuitable for tiles, 55
Clay, Henry, arrived, 374

whigs, meeting, of, 345
Cleerment, Jacobus, child buried, 142
Clemshire, Mrs. William, died, 370
Clerk in church to be appointed. 111
Clermont stage, 249
Clerton, Matthew, died, 347
Clinton county, set off, 191

Geo., portrait of, 274

Gov., 228, 300

Henry, invaded Albany, 189

Joseph, 242
Clock, Abraham, 74
Clock and watch makers, 230
Cloet, Fredk., child buried, 145

Jobs, child buried, 135, 141, 143

John, Jr., child buried, 145

Waldraven, children buried, 139,
143. See Cluet
Cloth manufactures, 1820, 280
Clothiers in procession, 231
Clowes, Timothy, trustee of Aca-
demy, 200
Cluett, Jan, buried at Niskayawene,132

Frederick, freeholder. 267

Jacob, freeholder, 267

John, freeholder, 267
Coach makers in procession, 231
Coal, alleged discovery of, 377: reward

for discovery, 279; reward with-
drawn, 330
Coates, Charles, bank director, 298
Cobb, Elijah, died. 363
Cobes, L., 127

Cochrane, Mr., died of cholera. 369
Codirectors of Rensselaerswyck, 1630,

42
Coeper, Abram. child buried, 144

Jacob, child buried, 143

Obadya, freeholder, 263; child
buried, 141 ; buried, 137 ; wife
buried, 141

Thomas, child buried, 138, 139, 142
Coetus controversy, 122
Coeyman, Pieter, buried on Beeren
island, 138

Samuel, buried, 144
Coeymans, Andreas, 68

Anne Margaret, 68

Ariantje, 68

Barent, name extinct, 68

Barent Pieterse, 72

Charlotte A., 68

Index.

393

Coeymaus, Elizabetti, 68
Gerritje, 68

Jaunetje, 68

Marjdca,'68

Peter, 68

Samuel, 68

creek, 195

creek, saw mill on, 71

iucorporated, 193

Landing, salts found at, 194

mills at, 67 ; see Coyemans, Koey-
mans

purchased of patroon. 68

taxable inhabitants 1795, 193
Cogswell, Mrs. Geo. H., died. 374
Coh3u, Isaac, 245

Cohoee, rail road bill passed, 334 ; rail
road corapanj', officers elected,
338 ; rail road subscription to,
362; waterfall, 195 ; village incor-
porated, 383
Cohoz, 1796, 211
Colbreath, Col. Wm., speedy voyage,

260
Cole, Justice, opens court of special
sessions, 361

William Bradley, died, 352
Coleman. John, killed by Indians, 1
Coleman's point, 1

CoUans, Madam Margrita, buried, 142
CoUe, Perer, freeholder, 266
Collections on the History of Albany,

96
Collier, Mrs. Jason, died. 360

Michael, freeholder, 267
Collins, Edward, buried, 144

E., warden, 310

John, freeholder, 263

Mrs. Eobert, died. 382
Collones Renselaers-Wyck, 268
Colonial administration, complaint of,

69
Colonic annexed, 189, 277, 280 ; claims

of partners extinguished, 43 ; sepa-
rated from city, 182 : town of, 193
Colonists, terms of labor, 20, 21
Colony of Rensselaerswick, its condi-
tion, 20
Columbia county, set off, 191 ; returns,
228

Hotel, 294

steam boat, 218, 219, 322, 329, 333,

351 , 358, 359
Colvard. Philo, died, 383
Colvin, Antho (Colve, Gov.). 98
Commerce of the city, 380, 383, 384 ; of
1823,276; of canal, 328; of the
Hudson in 1749, 46

steamtug, 325 ; brings up first tow,
334
Commercial Bink, account of, 295
Commissarissen, 19
Common council, how formed, 189 ; of

1823, 278 ; of 1849 ; met, 360 ; visit

Washington, 323

Conally's inn, 250

Conine, Casper, freeholder, 26

Lenard, freeholder, 266

Philip, freeholder, 267
Conkling, Judge of Q. S. court, 3-^4
Conklin^s inn, 251
Connecticut valley, stage to, 249
Connick, Mrs. Andrew, died, 348 '
Connolly, James, killed, 329
Consistor^, great, 84
Constitution, 229 ; celebration of, 228
Coustapel, see Vandcrblaes
Contreras, battle of, 321
Contributions, how taken in the old

church, 128 ; bags, 86
Conway, Mrs. Honourah, died, 382
Cook, Capt. John, joined army, 333

Moses, died, 323

S., 300

William, bank director, 295
Cookery and food in 1749, 60, 61
Cook's inn, 250

reading room, 276
Coole, Johannis, freeholder, 266
Coon, Jobs, child buried, 146
Cooper, Cornelia, daughter buried, 141.
See Coeper.

Judge, leaser of Hartwick, 156

Obediah, freeholder, 263 ; child
buried. 141
Cooper's building, hall dedicated, 333
Coopers in procession, 232
Cooperstown stage, 249
Coorn, Nicolaus, 29, 32, 33; became

fiscaal. 34
Coppernoll, William, freeholder, 264
Cordwainers in procession, 232
Corlaer, Elisabeth, buried, 144. See

Van Curler.
Corlear, see A^an Curler.
Corn, annual receipt, 328; price of,

324, 326, 347, 372; fields, 1749, 45,

49 ; on the island. 52
Corneel, Maragrieta, buried, 134
Cornells, Marten, convert, 126

Saertje, 77
Cornelissen, Broer, 72

Coryn, 67 ; erects saw mill, 71

Hendrick, 66

Jan, carpenter, 67. See Van Vech-
ten.

Martin, captain, 198; his seat in
church, 127 '

Pieter, builds horse mill, .35, 36.
See Van Mimichendam.
Corning, Hon. Erastus, 313, 314, 315;
bank president, 296; president
of city meeting, 340

Hon. Erastus, Jr., his house, 315

Winslow & Co.'s nail works burnt,
376
Corona, 368

Corrie, Mr., child buried, 140
Corstiaensen, Hendrick, pioneer, 9,
186 ; erects a fort, 11

394

Index.

Corstiaensen, Johan, 74
Cosgrove, Mrs. Kichard, 362
Coster, Antony, freeholder, 263; bu-
ried, 144
Hendk, buried, 139
Cottomaclv, Indian sachem. 15
Cottrell, Adam, banli director, 298
Coughlin fell from Cathedral, 383
Coulter, James A., died, 330
County Bible Societj', 255

estates of Albany merchants, 57
jail. 189
Court of appeals, first term, 322
of common pleas, 197
special sessions opened, 361
street, 101
Courtney, John, child buried, 139
Courtright, Peter, died, 352

Lawrence, died, 356
Courts first established, 18
Coxsackie creek, 68; called Peter
Bronck's kil, 76 ; freeholders, 1720,
267; population, 1790, 191; tax-
able inhabitants, 1795, 193
Coyeman, Andries, freeholder, 268;
ensign, 198
A rent, 67

Barent Pieterse, account of, 67
David, 67
Jacob, 67

Pieter, freeholder, 268
Samuel, freeholder, 268. See
Coeymans.
Coyle, Patrick, killed, 356
Coyper, Tomas, child buried, 142
Craig, Archibald, his house, 313
Crane, James H., died, 358
Crannel, Robt., child buried, 145
Cranston, Wm. L., died, 326
Creeks and rivers, 195
Cregier, Jannetje, buried at Nisceauna,
135
Martynis, child buried, 146
Samuel, freeholder, 267 ; child bu-
ried, 133, 140 ; wife buried, 144
Crennel, William, buried, 146; child

buried. 133
Creynen, Jan, 72

Criminal arrests, 1848, 330 ; business,
365; indictments, 345; statistics,
331, 352
Crippen, John, died, 376
Crittenton, Alonzo, principal, 205
Crocker. John D., 300
Crook, T. P., 240
Cropel, Catie, buried, 143
Croswell, Edwin, bank director, 295
Mrs. Sherman, died, 379
Sherman, describes Presb. church,
172
Crown point, mode of going to, 62
Cruttenden, Captain Robert G., 322
Crynnesen, Cornells, 73
Cumming, Daniel, 245
Cunningham, John D., 245

Curdy, Joseph, suicide, 376
Currency, depreciation of, 21 ; in 1686,

160
Curtiss, Joseph, died, 332
Custom house, account of, 241
Customs, ancient, 123
Cuvel, Ariaentje, 66
Cuyler, Abraham, ensign, 197 ; free-
holder, 263 ; buried, 140 ; daugh-
ter buried, 131
Catharine, buried, 135
Cornelius J., died, 366
Cornelius, mayor, 114 ; child bu-
ried, 132, 139
Cristina, buried, 145
Elsie, buried, 143
Hendrick, 152,312; his lots, 313;
buried, 131, 134; child buried,
132
Henry, bank director, 289
Jacob, federalist, 228 ; merchant,

1788, 233
J ohannis, freeholder, 263; church
elder, 101, 105; his seat in
chiirch, 127 ; wife buried, 139
John, 230

John C, trustee, 167
John, Jr., marshal, 1788, 235
Jobs A., buried, 140 ; child buried,

134, 140
Maria, burial of, 131
Nicolas, 258; wife buried, 142;
child buried, 141

Daley, Michael, suicide, 359

Daly, John, 242

Dam. Jan Jausen, 66

Damen, Cornells Jansen, cuyper, 66

Hendrickje, 66

Jan, 67

Neiltje, 66

Willem Jansen, 66. See Dam.
Danforth's inn, 250
Daniels, Arent, freeholder, 265

Bettie, son buried, 134

Daniell, freeholder, 265

Jan, freeholder, 265

John, buried, 144

Peter, freeholder, 265

Simon, freeholder, 267

Symon, buried, 140

Warner, Jr., died, 352
Danker' s Journal, 81
Dankers and Sluyter, their Journal,

126
Darling, William, 299
Davenport, Rev. J. B., rector Grace

church, 363
Davids, John, child buried, 144
Davidson. Gilbert C, bank director,
298'

Mary A., died, 322
Davis & Centre, merchants. 241

Charles, died, 335

Index.

395

Davis, Elizabeth, died, 331

Nathaniel, founds school, 203, 204
W. A., prize shot, 376
Davits, Christoffel, 71
De Backer, Harry, feat of gunning, 74
De Decker, 149

Deforeest, David, daughter buried, 140
Chattrina, buried, 138
Frances H., wife J. P., died, 325
Jesse, buried, 140
Jobs, child buried, 132, 133, 134,

13(3, 137, 139 ; buried, 144
Philip, buried, 145
Philyp, buried, 133
De Garmo, Dirck, buried, 13S
Jellis, child buried, 134, 141
Johannis, freeholder, 2G3
Jobs M., child buried, 144
Jobs, son Jacob buried, 140
Mattys, child buried, 132, 134
Pieter, buried, 145
Pieter M., child buried, 143
De Grave, Abram, freeholder, 265
Andries, freeholder, 265
Arnout, freeholder, 265
Jesse, Ireeholder, 265
De Groff, O. G., died, 365
De Hiller, Cornells, buried, 143
De Hooges, Antony, secretary, 77, 92 ;
colonial secretary, 20; builds
horse mill, 36 ; attempts to stab,
76; his lot, 176; died, 74
De Hulter, Johannes, 42
D'Iberville, burns Schenectady, 72
De la Court, Jan, 38
De Laet, Johannes, 42
De Mctselaer, Teunis, 72
De Noorman, Albert Andriessen
Bradt, 65, 187
Andries, 65
Bareut, 65
Dirck, 65

Engeltje, 65 ; married, 187
Eva, 65
Gisseltje, 65
Jan, 65

Storm Vanderzee, 65. See Bratt
De Peyster, Jobs, children buried, 132,
133, 134, 1:35, 138 ; wife buried, 143
De Reus, Gerret, 20

Geri-et Teuuissen, 65
De Riddcr, Antie, buried, 142

Gerrit. child buried, 138
De Russy, Ann Alida, died, 357
De Stillel-, Martie, wife biu-ied, 143
De Tracy, letter to Van Curler, 41
De Truy. Philip, marshal of New

Netherland, 33
De Yoe, Jno., freeholder, 267
Isaac, 141, wife buried, 141
Jan, buried, 139; wife buried, 139
De Vos, Andries, 72
De Vries, 26, 42

De Wandelaier, Johannis, freeholder,
267 ; child bmied, 131

De Wandelaer, Pieter, buried, 143;

wife and child buried, 142
De Witt, Captain Jarn, 9

Hendk, son's child buried, 143
John, on academy committee, 199 ;

preaches annual sermon, 255
Rev. Dr., 73
Richard Yarick, law student, 300;

bank director, 295
Simeon, house built, 257 ; on bank
coiniuittGG 2Q2
De Wolflf, Abel, vote of thanks to, 127 ;

church depositary, 126
Deacons, first under charter, 104, 105 ;

their powers and duties, 106, 108
Dead room, 1.30
Dean, Amos, candidate, 349

Capt. Stewart, voyage to China,

261 : died, 262
Mrs. Rhoda, died, 372
Deaths, 1848, 224

Debt of city 1823, 279 ; 1849, 359 ; im-
prisonment for, 223
Decker, Broer, freeholder, 266

Jitrie, freeholder, 266
Deely, wife Tryntie buried, 132
Degraef, Nicolas, 286, 287
Delamon, Martin, freeholder, 267
Delavan, Edward C, bank director,

295 ; Mrs. Edward C. died, 339
Delaware county set off, 192 ; Indians,
13 ; river explored by Dutch, 12 ;
turnpike, 190
Delehaut, Mrs. Andrew, died, 347
Delehanty, Margaret, widow of Daniel,

died, 329
Delemont, Jan, freeholder, 265
Dellius, Godfridus, newly arrived pas-
tor, 127 ; his salary, 127 ; succeeds
Dom. Schaets, 81 ; record of bap-
tisms, 95, 96 ; term of ministry, 88 ;
deposed, 82, 195 ; acquired church
pasture, 97, 98, 99, 100
Deming, Elizabeth, died, 342
Democratic conventions, 324; coimty

convention, 321
Democratic party, nominations, 334
Denna's inn, 250
Denning, William, 228
Deunisou, James, & Co., carpenters,
172
William, died, 369
Denniston and Lydius streets, 80

Isaac, bank director, 294 ; daughter
died, 358
Denniston's tavern, 1789, 220
Derby's inn, 250
Dermody, Margaret, died, 325
Derrickse, Takel, freeholder, 264
Detroit, distance of, 280
Dewy, Rev. Orville, pastor loci, 352,

369 ; farewell sermon, 362
Dexter, George, his store, 316
James, law student, 299
Mary M., wife of George, died, 323

396

Index.

Dey, Mrs. John Ogden, died, 358
Diamond, Jotin W., died, 366
Dickson, Hugh, 245

James, 245
Diefenbach, C. F., 163
Dill, Dr., lecture on Ireland, 361
Dingmans, Gerrit, freeholder, 266
Dirk, John Matthew, 164
Dirkes, Daniel, 164
Dirksen, Jan., 74
Disney, John, 164
Distins, saxhorn performers, 366
District school anniversary, 341
Dix, John A., nominated by antirent-

ers, 346 ; nominated for governor,

345
Dixon, Mrs. John, died, 371
Docks in 1823, 276 ; none in 1749, 56
Documentary History of New York,

263
Dodge, Henry H. died, 383

ISarah, died, 336
Dogs prohibited, 335
Dominie's hoeck (Van Wie's point), 71
Donahue, John, drowned, 376
Doncassen, Catalj'n, 71
Donelly, Peter, died, 378
Dongan, Thomas, charters Albany, 63,

98, 188; conveys pasture, 99; or-
ganized Albany county, 191 ; sus-
tains Indians, 319
Donway, John, child buried, 140
Dorr, Alfred, died, 360

Elisha, bank director, 294
Douglas, Alfred, bank director, 296

David B., died, 379

John H., died, 350
Douw, Abram, wife Lyntie buried, 142

Audries, freeholder, 268; lieuten-
ant, 198

Catharine, widow of J. D. P., died,
335

Hendrick, freeholder, 268 ; buried,
143

Henry, buried, 146

Johannis V., child buried, 142

John de Peyster, bank director,
293 ; member of great consistory,
84

Jobs, child buried, 136, 137, 138,
139, 143

Jonas, freeholder, 268

Jonas, lieutenant, 198; buried at
Greenbush, 135

Js Fonda, child buried, 137

Pieter, buried M. Foot, 145 ; wife
buried, 145

V. P., child buried, 141, 142, 145 ;
little girl bm-ied, 143

Volkert, freeholder, 268; buried,
144 ; wife buried, 143

Volkert N., child buried, 137;
wife buried, 142
Douw^s building, 129 ; inn, 250
Dowmann, Henry (Bowman?), 163

Dox, Abraham, buried, 140

Jacob, 299

Peter, president of consistory, 85
Doxie, Samuel, freeholder, 267
Doyle, Peter C, 242
Draeyers, Gerritie, 136
Drama first introduced, 117; de-
nounced, 119
Drawyer, Charlotte Amelia, 68
Draver, Captain, commander at Al-
bany, 98
Dress, stjie of, 1649, 58
Dreth, Jan, buried, 142
Dries, Hendrick, 74
Drisius, expels Luthei'an minister, 150
Drum, Peter, died, 337
Drummoud light exhibited, 382
Du Bois, Kev. Gualterus, temporary

supply, 82 ; term of ministry, 88 ;

baptisms by, 96
Du Mont's ferry stage, 251
Duane, James, 228
Duanesburgh, taxable inhabitants,

1795, 193; population 1790, 191
Dudley, Charles E., aids Female Aca-
demy, 205
Duke of York, ship, 38

sti-eet, 164
Dunbar, Januetie, buried in English
church, 131

Jno., freeholder, 263

Kobt., child buried, 136
Duncan, Mrs. Henry K., died, 374

John, assemblj'man, 235 ; receives
bond of Schenectady aldermen,
286
Dunkirkers, danger of capture by, 91
Dunn, Mrs. Thomas, died. 366
Durant, Clark, purchases Bethel, 178
Durrie, Mrs. Horace, 371
Dutch Cah-inist church, its location,
183; in 1749, 54; corner stone
laid, 69, 70 ; accoiint of, 78 ; ear-
liest account of, 79

ancient step stone, 129 ;

antiquities of, 127, 128

burial ground, 130

call pastor to succeed Domine
Schaets, 126

capacity of old edifice, 83

chartered, 82

church edifice, dimensions of, 102,
111

collections, how taken, 123

consistory, members and powers
of, 105, 109

fines at Fort Orange appropriated
to support of, 85

first edifice, 92

first English preaching, 124

first in Albany, 80 ; subordinate to
classis of Amsterdam, 80; of
1656, erected, 81, 86

garden lot, 103, 111

incorporated, 101

Index,

897

Dutch, loans money to the patroon, 92

minister's house, size and loca-
tion, 102, 111

ministry, provision for the succes-
sion of, 109 ; payments of salary,
109, 110

new edifice, 1798, 83

no pastor in 1804, 84

not to disturb national church of
England, 104

officers of, 101

old edifice demolished, 85

pasture, patent of, 9T, 99

pastures, location of, 102. 103, 111

poor house, location of, 102

preachine in Dutch, 83

proposal to build domine's house,
125

pulpit supplied from Holland, 122

rebuilt, 1T15, 82

record of burials, 131

records of. in city hall, 124-127

services in Dutch. 101

stained windows, 86

subscriptions to pastor's fare, 127

to conform to articles of Synod of
Dort, 111

the state church. 149; in cele-
bration, 1788, 233; mentioned
bv Morse, 283, 285; lots sold,
348

East India Company, 221

foot, dimensions of, 152 ; naviga-
tors \isit Albany, 186 ; prisoners
ransomed, 13; settlements, con-
dition in 1630, 17 ; traffic, 307

West India Company purchase ter-
ritory, 186, 187; supply pulpit
and bell, 81
Dutchess county returns, 228
Dutson, Thomas, died, 358
Duyster, Dierck Cornelissen, 15
Dwyer, Michael, apprehended, 327
Dyke constructed in river, 241

Eagle Tavern burnt, 343
Easton, population 1790, 191

John, his residence, 311, 313
Ebbing. Jeremias, 42
Ebsen, H. H., Lutheran church, 169
Economy of the people, 60
Edgar, Daniel, trustee. 170
Eel, Everte Jacobse, child buried, 132
Eendracht. emisrant ship, 17. 75
Egberts, Thunis, child buried, 131
Egbertsen, Barnt, freeholder, 263;
wife buried, 132; daughter bu-
ried, l;35
(Egbertsen, Egbertz), Benjamin,
freeholder, 264 ; children buried,
132, 134 ; mfe buried, 144
Egbert Bart, child buried, 136, 140
Teunis, freeholder, 264 ; child bu-
ried,134, 136

34

Eghemond, Jacob, buried, 135; child

buried, 133, 142
Egremont stage, 250
Ehring, Christian, Lutheran trustee,

153, 154, 162, 163, 164
Eights, Dr. Jonathan, died. 342; li-

^ brary sold, 357 ; widow died, 362
Elders, first under charter, 104, 105;

their powers and duties. 106, 108
Elections 1823, 278 ; in 1820. 280
Elkens, Jacob Jacobz, 11, 186
EUet, Mr., child buried, 133
Elliot, Hugh D., died, 361
Ellison, Thomas, rector, 310 , his resi-
dence, 311, 314
Elmendorf, Peter E., attorney, 84, 157
Elmtree reminiscence, 316
Elsevier, Abraham, 43
Ely, John, founds school, 201, 203, 205
Eiherson, Mrs. Amanda, died, 380

William B., died, 338
Emmet Guards, guests of, 342
Emmons, Prof., address, 355
Emott, James, 299
Empire steamer wrecked, 362
Empress of China, first vessel from

New York, 262
Enak, Margaret, 164
Enax, Gottfried, council, 162
Engan, George, died, 344
Engelsprecker, Catriena, buried, 137

Nicholas, buried, 135
England, 310 ; Hudson returned to, 8 ;

imports from, 278 ;
English, first Lutheran preaching in,
156 ; hatred of, by citizens, 60 ;
preaching introduced, 124

Mrs. Patrick, died, 340
Englishman, child buried, 132
Ensign, Timothy, died, 374
Ensign's inn, 251
Entwitch, Bustle, 258
Enz, Caroline, died, 372
Episcopal church in, 1749, 54; location

in 1792, 310 ; site of ancient fort,

314 ; in celebration, 1788, 233
Episcopalians, 276, 283, 285 ; worship

with Lutherans, 153
Equinoctial afflatus, 375
Erie Canal, 277 ; predicted, 215 ; length

of, 280 ; opened, 280
Erie lake, 13
Ernst, Johann Frederick, Lutheran

minister. 155. 169
Erzberger, Mr., 163, 164; Regina, 163
Esopus, fort built at, 37 ; Kingston,

baptisms at, 96
Esselstine, Cornells, freeholder, 266
Eswin, Jacob, freeholder, 266
European trade in hands of the .'pa-
troon, 25
Evangelical Luth. Ebenezer Church,
148. 156

of St. John, 169
Evans, David, died, 361

398

Index.

Eversen, Barentie, buried, 143

Hans, buried at Lutheran cliurch,

137
Hendk, buried, 144
Jacob, buried, 144
Jobs, child buried, 138
Jobs Ja., child buried, 139, 144,

145, 146 ; buried, 138
Everteen. Abraham T., died, 346

Elizabeth, widow of Evert, died,

324
Jacob, donor to Lutheran church,

155
Jacob, freeholder, 264
Jan, freeholder, 264
Johannis, freeholder, 264
John, oldest member Lutheran

church, 155
John, wife buried, 132
retook N. York, 98
Express, first office opened, 325

Pabritius, Johannes, Lutheran minis-
ter suspended, 151

Pachtmann, Rev., Lutheran church,
169

Fairlie, James, marshal, 1788, 235

Falkenburgh, Jaac, freeholder, 268

Fansborough, Isaac, freeholder, 265

Fansburgh, Peter, freeholder, 266.
[Flansburgh ?]

Fargo, Frederick A., died,*374

Farmers in procession 1788, 230

Farnham, Lewis, died, 356

Farnsworth, Capt., 341

Farrell, Jamee, died, 336

Fassett, Amos S., died, 357
Sarah Gustina, died, 341

Past day for cholera, 369

Fay, Dr., almshouse report, 355

Henry B., almshouse physician,
336

Featherly, Jacob, died, 342, 358

Feathers tonhaugh, George W., 243

Federal bower erected for celebration,
1788, 233
vote 1788, 228

Feele, Cornells, freeholder, 265

Fees of first officers, 19

Feltman, John C, church trustee, 148

Female Academy, its location, 189

Fergusen, Henry M., died, 351

Ferlyn, Jasper, 66

Ferries, 1823, 276

Ferris, Isaac, 255

Ferry-master, first, 74
rates, 1784, 225

Pether, Curset, freeholder, 267

Feudal pretensions maintained, 34

Ffoort, Jno, freeholder, 267

Field, David Dudley, law student, 300

Fiele, Abram, buried, 139
Lewis, freeholder, 267
Thomas, child buried, 135

Fiele, Thunis, child buried. 139
Fifth ward, formed 1815, 277
Figurative map, 1616, 186
Finances of city, 38-1
Finhagen, Abram, child buried, 139.

See Vinhagen
Fink, Elias, died, 372

Frederick, died, 356
Finnegan, Francis, died, 350
Fire, 331, 335, 336, 338

arms seized, 31 ; supplied to In-
dians, 17
department, reorganized, 346
engine companies' aflYay, 326;

house in State street, 312
in North Pearl street, 322
in Van Woert street, 329
in Water street, 369
law, new, 350

the great, of 1848, 342 ; relief for
345
Firemen, indignation meeting, 350 ;

riot, 339
First Baptist church ordination, 347
or Beaver kil, 152
Presbyterian church, 170; corner
stone laid, 327 ; purchase new
lot, 324
ward freeholders, 1720, 263
Fischer, Rev., Lutheran pastor, 169
Fish, governor, inaugurated, 352
Fisher, Rev. Mr., 341
Thomas, burnt out, 381
of Hudson river, 222
Fishkill stage, 249, 251
Fiske, Francis, died, 357
Fitch, Ann K., died, 375
Five Nations, trade with, 12; treaty

with, 13, 14 ; invaded, 319
Fives, Michael, 242
Flantsburgh, Daniel, freeholder, 263
Matthews, freeholder, 263. See
Flensburgh
Flats, account of, 63 ; bouwery at, 76 ;
stage to, 251 ; Van Curler's farm, 40
Flensburgh, Antony, child buried, 146
Daniel, child buried, 131
Hannah, buried, 136
Jobs, child buried, 144 ; Sirsiemon

buried, 145
Jobs M., child buried, 138, 143, 146
Mattys, child buried, 132, 133;
buried. 136
Fletcher, Benjamin, governor, 213;

grants of land, 95
Flinn, Barney, died, 345
Plodder, Jacob, 71

Jacob Janse, 127 ; his seat in
church, 74
Flood, Michael, killed, 356

Thomas, died, 346
Flour, annual receipts, 328 ; arrival
of, 365, 372, 382, 383 ; price of, 324,
statistics of, 326, 327, 345, 347, 372 ;
receipts, 384

Index.

399

Flouring mills, 190, 380-
Flower of Gelder, ship, 93
Fly Market, on Howard street, 158
Flyt, Tarn, mother-in-law buried, 132
Fog, detained hoats, 381
Fonda, Abraham, 386, 287; child bu-
ried, 136

Abram Js, child buried, 139

Claes, wife Annetie buried, 143;
children buried, 132, 135; free-
holder, 264

Douw, 84, 255; children buried,
133, 136

Douwe Isa, wife buried. 145

Gysbert, child buried, 144

Hendk, child buried, 139

Isaac D., son buried, 146

Isaac, Jr., child buried, 145

Isaac, wife buried, 141 ; child bu-
ried, 132, 144 ; freeholder, 264

Jan, buried, 137

John, freeholder, 268

Jobs, wife buried, 145

Martie, buried, 140

Pieter, buried, 134 ; wife buried,
138 ; child buried, 133, 135

Rabecka, buried. 132

Yellous, freeholder, 264
Fonda's inn, 250
Fontaine, M., captive, 41
Food in 1749, 61

Foot, Ebenezer, founds Female Aca-
demy, 202, 203, 204

Mayors, buried, 145

Mrs. Elizabeth, died, 333
Ford, Sarah E., died, 355
Foreest, Philip, freeholder, 268

Philip D., child buried, 147

Jesse D., buried, 146
Forest trees described by Kalm, 51, 52,

54
Forgery, 326

Forrester, Michael, boy burnt, 361
Forsyth, William W., penitentiary

director, 355
Fort, Abram, freeholder, 267; child
buried, 139

Daniell, treeholder, 267

Isaac, buried, 145

Jacob, children buried, 139

Sara, child buried, 140
Fort Amsterdam, court of appeal at, 18

Ann stage, 251

Edward stage, 251

first erected, 1614, 186, 280; car-
ried away, 13

Frederick, in 1788, 234; location
of, 54, 56, 311, 314 ; plan of, 183 ;
its location, 184

Hunter, post to, 247

James, council at, 319

Killitie, run of water, 158

Orange, built 1623, 15, 188, 271 ; its
location, 80, 186 ; debarred of
free navigation, 33 ; ground ta-

Fort Orange, continued —

ken for in 1652, 97; captured
by Col. Nichols, 58 ; mentioned
in 1788, 235; built, 280; hotel
built, 257 ; immigrants, 17
Plain, post to, 247
Schuyler, stage fare to, 249
St. Frederick, 62

Fortune, trading vessel, 9, 10

Fosket. Amelia, died, 373

Foster, James, died, 337

Foster's inn, 250

Fourth Julv celebration 1796, 210 ; by
jail prisoners, 1790, 223, 365;
appropriation denied, 339
Presbyterian church installation,
341

Fowler, William, founds school, 203 ;
director academy, 204 ; bank di-
rector, 294
Samuel S., bank director, 296

Fosen (see Vossen) kil, 42, 185, 195,
342; pond, 342

Foy, Mrs. Philip, died, 348

Francis, Mrs. William, died, 360

Franse, Claes, freeholder, 264
Teirck, freeholder, 264

Frazer, James, died, 348

Jane, wife John Frazer, died, 331

Frazier, Adam, died, 366

Fredericksen, Carsten, Lutheran dea-
con, 151
Hendrick, 71

Myndert, Lutheran elder, 151 ;
[Smit] treasurer, 160

Fredenrich, Mr., cordwainer, 232
John C, 168; trustee, 165

Fredenrick's, market, 158

Fredericks, Giles, killed, 348

Free Missionary Protestant church,
burnt, 336

Freehold, 191 : population, 1790 ; taxa-
ble inhabitants, 1795, 193

Freeholders of Albany, 1720, 263

Freeman, Ann Hardy, died, 374

Freest, Abram, child buried, 146
Isaac, child buried, 144
Jobs, children buried, 133, 144

Freitag, Conrad, 163, 164

Frele, Hagau, wife buried, 140

Frelin, Isaac, child buried, 138
Thunis, child buried, 135

Frelinghuysen, Rev. Theodoras, his
ministry, 82 ; term of ministry, 88 ;
children buried, 113, 115, 116, 146;
embarks for Holland, 120, 121

Fi-ench, aided by Glen, 72; defenses
against, 182 ; invade Five Nations,
319 ; prisoners redeemed, 320 ; pro-
hibited from trading with English,
57

French, Wm., 245

Frenchmen violate the sabbath, 127

Freshet, 328; described by Kalm, 53;
1647, 34

400

Index.

Fretts, Jurie, freeholder, 266

Frisbie, Col., 377

Frost, 48, 345, 346, 377, 380; first in 1847,
321
Capt., robbed, 324

Fry, Elizabeth, conversion of, 123

Fryer, Isaac, child buried, 132, 145
John, child buried, 141, 143, 146
Matthew, cordwainer, 232

Fuller, Henry H., 299

Funeral customs, 129, 283

Fur trade, effort to secure, 25 ; in 1749,
56 ; 1787, 227

Fuyck (pronounced Fowk), 22 ; defini-
tion of, 188

Fuyck' s kill, or Beaver kill, 176

Fyn, Catryn, buried, 135

G. Bastiner, buried, 147

Gaftuey, Dennis B., 305

Gale, Thomas, died, 346

Gallows to be kept, 18

Gallup, Albert, bank director, 296

Game, club for preservation of, 338

Ganesvoort, Captain of light horse, 229

71 ; house, size and location of, 102
Gansevoort, captain of light horse, 229

Harme, child buried, 138, 142, 145 ;
procures engine, 312

Hendk, buried, 140

Jobs, child buried, 143, 144

Judge, stable burnt, 348

Leehdert, children buried, 134, 136,
144

Leonard, 84 ; freeholder, 264 ; con-
veys church lot, 176 ; federal can-
didate, 235

Maria, buried, 137

Peter, jr., federalist, 228; law stu-
dent, 299 ; bank director, 293

Pieter, child buried, 145
Garden lots in the pasture, 98
Gardener, George W., died, 337
Gardenier, Andries, freeholder, 268 ;
children buried, 133, 145, 146;
wife buried, 146

Abram, child buried, 139

Claes, ■ freeholder, 268; child bu-
ried, 140

Derrick, freeholder, 265

Jno., freeholder, 266
Garfield, Rev. Mr., principal, 339
Garmo, Pieter, M. D., child buried,
146. (De Garmoe)

Pieter, freeholder, 203 ; buried, 137

Pieter Jobs, child buried, 144
Garretson. Elizabeth, died, 338
Garrison, Anna, died, 339
Gas pipes laid, 340 ; tank, accident, 348
Gates, Cornelius, law student, 300

Gerret, 86

John, 84
Gazette reports constitutional celebra-
tion, 229

Geary, Mrs. George, died, 375

Gecommltteerden, 19

Geer, Seth, architect, 200

Geiger, George, 164

Gelon, Sanders, freeholder, 265

Gels, William, 164

General Hamilton at quai-antine, 254

Genesee river stage, 250; country

post route, 248; river post route,

248
Geneva post route, 248; stage, 249,

250, 253
Geological rooms, janitor of, died, 327
Geology of the county, 194
Gerechtsbode, a court messenger, 19
Gerechts persoonen, 19
Geritse, Barent, freeholder, 268
German Evangelical Lutheran church,
168; burial ground, 169; por-
tion of congregation build new
church, 169 ; preaching in Ger-
man, 168

exiles arrived, 375

Flatts stage, 249

Jews arrive, 179

language ceased in Lutheran Eb.
church, 156, 168

Lutheran church, its location, 183

reformed church, 166
Gerritse (Gerritsen, Gerritz, Gerryt-

sen, Gari-ison), Adrian [Papen-

dorp], first alderman, 63, 66, 160,

188
Gerritsen, Claes, 72

Elbert, freeholder, 264; buried,
143 ; wife buried, 133

Fredk., child buried, 145

Goosen [Van Schaick?],69

Henderick, child buried, 138, 141,
147

Jan, 67, buried, 132

John, freeholder, 264

Maria, buried, 142 ; son buried, 134

Marten, 64; justice, 197; his seat
in church, 126; his island, 65,
102, 186 ; his pasture, 103. See
Van Bergen.

Roolif, freeholder, 267

Ryer, buried, 143; wife buried, 144

Ryert, freeholder, 263

Wolfert, 15; superintendent of

farms, 64 ; early immigrant, 187

Geyer, John George, Lutheran elder,

154, 162, 163
Gibbons, Arthur, died, 367
Gibson, Mr., tailor, 231
Giffert, Wm., 164

Gilchrist, Robert, bank director, 295
Gill, John, died, 382

Matthew, founds school, 203
Gillespie, Richard, killed, 332
Gladding, Horace, H., died, 332
Glass, John, drowned, 342

makers in procession, 232 ; works,
239

Index,

401

Glen. Cornelius, bank director, 289

Henry, 28. 259. 286

Jacob, freeholder, 265 ; buried,
139 ; children buried, 136

Jacob Sanders, 152

Jaunetie, buried, 144

Johannes Sanderse, captain, 198

Johannis. freeholder, 265

John, Junr.. 286, 287

Sander Lendertsen, 71

Sanders, justice, 197
Glen's falls, 221
Globe manufactory, 279
Glovenbnry. Ruth Ann, died, 332
Gnats, found by Kalm. 51
Goadby, James, suicide, 351
Godfrey. John J., bank director, 295
Godyu." Samuel, 16. 42
Goes, Derrick, freeholder, 266

Juo., freeholder, 266

Mattias. freeholder, 266
Goet water. Ernestus Johannes, 150
Goewerk, Solomon, wife buried, 132
Goewey. Benjamin, child buried, 141

Johannes, wife buried, 145

Pieter, buried, 146

Salomon, child buried, 131, 133,
1:^4, 145
Goewick. Jobs, child buried, 134
Goldsmiths in procession 1788, 230
Goliah, importing ship, 226
Good Hope, yacht, 32
Goodenow. Sterling, 299
Goodrich, Elihu. opens school, 201,
205

Horace, principal of school, 202
Goodrich's inn. 250
Goodwin, Alfred, died. 327
Gordon, James, federalist, 228
Gossman, Henry R., died, 341
Gough, Anna T., 340

James, died, 337

John B.. lecture of. 3.55

Mrs. John T., died, 340

Thomas. 242
Goold. James, bank director, 295 ; new

style of car, 361
Gould, Samuel, killed, 360

Thomas, founds school, 203, 204

William, his house, 314
Gourlay, James, merchant, 1772, 214
Governor's island, rent of house on,

35
Govertsen, Jacob, settler. 65, 187
Grace church, rector of, 363
Grady. Patrick, 242
Graham, Ellen Ann. died, 346

Joseph, died, 336
Grammar school proposed. 207
Grand jury indictments, 345
Grant, John, 245

Mrs., her American Lady, 114, 121
Grasmeer, Wilhelmus, pastor 1650, 88
Graves, Richard, died, '^^l
Graveyard, first, 25

Gray. Alexander, stone-cutter, 172, 245

William, 245
Great Barrington, stage, 250
Green, Jacob, bookseller. 306

James Alfred, died. 326

John, his lot, 311, 314
Green river stage, 250

Wood's inn, 250
Greenbush, 252 ; ferry, accident at,

330; Indian name of, ^; stage,

251, 253
Greene, Captain, voyage to China, 262

Henry, bank director. 296
Gregory, Benjamin P., died, 343

David D., bank director, 295

Matthew, opens Tontine, 312 ;
died, a38
Gregory's row, 275
Grennie, Willm, child buried, 133
Greveraedt, Sara, buried, 132, 140

Isaac, child buried, 133, 134, 137,
138, 140
Grewsbeck, Da\dd, freeholder, 263

Johannis, freeholder, 264

Nicos, freeholder, 268

Stephanis, freeholder, 263

Wm., freeholder, 263. See Groes-
beeck
Griffin, E. D., 255

Lieut. Jacob, wounded, 321, 329

Mrs. Jacob, died. 369

Mrs. John, died, 380
Grist mills, 1639, 35
Groat's inn, 2.50

Groeningen, Westerlo from, 122
Groesbeeck family record, 287

Abram. died. 287

Annietie, child buried, 140

Bettie, buried, 144

Catelyni, died, 287

Catriua, 141. 287 ; died, 287

Cornells, 84, 287

Cornelius, last of the voorleezers,
130

David, cordwainer, 232

David, family record, 287; died,
287

David, jun., died, 287; wife Ca-
trina, buried, 144

David, voorzinger, 130; children
buried, 134, 135, 136, 138, 142.
143

Geertie, buried, 144

Geertrny, buried. 140

Geradus, child buried, 139, 143,
146

Gerrit, 84

Gertruy, died, 287

J. and A., failure of, 297

Jacobus, child buried, 136; wife
buried, 143

John, died, 287

John, 287

Mary, died, 287

Melgert, 142 ; died, 287

402

Index,

Groesbeeck, Nicolaee, child buried,
132; wife buried, 133; cliild
buried, 133; daughter Giertury,
buried, 139

Nicolas, Js., buried, 139

Stephanus, buried. 138

WiUem, buried. 131, 139; wife
Catrina, buried, 141

William, voorleezer, 130; died,
287

William Claas, 287

Wouter, child buried, 138, 144

Wouter, Js, child buried, 139

Wouter N. child buried, 141
Groetz. Mr., Lutheran minister, 155
Groot. Abram, freeholder, 2G5

Cornells, child buried. 144

Derrick, freeholder, 265

Mrs. Ann, died, 359
Gross, John, 164

Samuel, died. 371
Guilderland incorporated, 193

petroleum found at, 194
Guisling, Mindert, freeholder, 264
Gunpowder, price of, 1640, 17
Gysbertsen, Claee, 72

Lubert, 66

Haes, Zacharias, child buried, 127, 141
Hagardorin^, Sam., freeholder, 265
Hagodom, Derrick, freeholder, 268
Haivnakraus kil. 195
Hale, Capt. Lieut, of artillery, 233

Daniel, bank director, 289

William, died, 328
Hallenbake, Anthony, cordwainer, 232

Casper, fi-eeholder, 267

Casper Jacobse, 99, 103

Mrs. Christopher, died, 342

Daniel, child buried, 145 ; wife bu-
ried, 145

Dortie, buried in the Lutheran
graveyard, 138

Hendrick, freeholder. 263; child
buried. 132, 133, 137. 143

Isaac, child buried, 138

Jacob, freeholder. 267

Dr. Jasper, died. 330

Johannis, freeholder, 267; Johs,
buried, 145

Matthew J., bank director, 298

Wm., freeholder, 266

burial ground, bill for removal,
352

burial ground, report on removal,
360
Half moon, freeholders of 1720, 267

discovery ship. 1. 186, 221

population, 1790,191 ; stage to. 251
Halibut, large, 335
Hall, Edmund, arrested, 338

N. X., 300

Talmage, 246

Halliday, James, 242

Halloway, Kev. William W., installed,

371
Halpen, Peter, killed, 356
Ham, Coonrodt, freeholder, 266
Hamburgh, Andrew, died. 321

Barbara, died. 356, 383

William, died. 336
Hamel. Hendrick. 16
Hamilton, Alex., 228 ; plans Federal-
ist, 262 ; at quarantine. 254
Hamilton street, sewer built. 362
Hammond, Wells S., died, 356
Hand. Bargood E., 300

Isaac P., died, 362
Handelaer street, now Broadway, 81
Hanley, James, shot, 343
Hanna. William. Presbyterian pastor,

170, 172
Hannegan, died, 361
Hanse, Abraham, ensign, 198

Hans, child buried. 132

Hendrick, buried. 132

Isaac, child buried. 144

Eyck. child buried. 135
Hansen, Debora. buried, 137

Hans buried. 146

H;ins, child buried, 133

Hans, son Pietre, buried, 136 :

Hendrick. freeholder. 264

Isaac, child buried. 139, 141

Jacob, child buried, 139

Johs. freeholder. 264; buried,
142 : wife buried. 140

Philip, child buried, 14-3. 144

Evkert. child buried. 135, 136, 141.
143, 144 : wife buried. 135
Hardyck. John, freeholder, 266

Frank, freeholder. 266

Harman. Thomas W.. died, 332
Harmans, Myndert, his pasture, 103
Harmanse, Myndert. 312 ; his pasture,

99
Harme, Johs Visscher buried. 146
Harmensen, Reynert. 65 ; settler. 187
Harminse. Lavinus, freeholder, 267

Tunis, freeholder. 267
Hamed, Samuel W., died, 382
Harris, Judge, exonerated, .360
Harrison, Richard, 228 ; bank director,

292
Harsen, Barenhardus, child buried,

143. 144
Hart. Mrs. Catharine, died, 357
Hartford, commerce with. 241 ; dis-
tance of, 280 ; No. houses in, 147 ;

stage. 250. 253; canal boat, lar^e

load. 382. 383 ; propeller, first trip,

347
Hartwick, John Christopher, died. 156;
tablet, 162 : body removed. 151 ;
tomb of. 160, 161; Albany Lu-
therans heirs of. 157

Memorial. 100. 158 : Seminary. 158
Harty, Edward, died. 350

Index.

403

Harvey, L. Z., died, 365

Robert, died. S43
Hastings, Setti, bank director, 295
Hatch, Israel T., 300
Hatters in procession, 231
Haver island, 15
Ha we, 'tVm., treasurer. 33~
Hawley, George W., died. 331

Gideon, law student, 299 ; director
academy. 204
Hayes, Solomon, died, 367
Hayne, Jacob, 164
Haynn. Barent, died, 361
Hays. James, liilled, 350

J. R.. builder, 172, 324
Heathen children, provision to edu-
cate, 93
Heheysen. Martin. Lutheran trustee,

154. 156, 157, 163, 165
Hebrew language, services in, 179
Hecker, Baron, arrived, 375
Heermauce, Mrs. J. C, died, 381
Helderberg, Luthera- church at, 154

hills, 194; stage over, 254; seen
from Albanv. 185
Hemphill, David,"'died, 346
Henderer, Harmanus, 164 ; church
trustee, 148

Jacob, 164

Jacob, Jr., 164
Henderson. Ann Eliza (Mclntyre),
died, 323

Wm. Duer, 300
Hendrick, Samuel, 163
Hendricksen, Captain Cornells, Jr.,
12

Gerrit, 71

Robert, 66

Rutger, see Van Soest
Hendrik Hudson, quick trip, 337
Hendrycks, Hans, his lot, 102
Henerv, Robert, 259
Henley. Michael, died, 338
Henn, Michael, 163, 164, 165
Hennessy, Mrs., died, 372
Hennicke, Rev., Lutheran pastor, 169
Henry. Mr., tailor. 231

Mrs. John, died, 374

John v.. 299; director academy,
204; founds school. 203, 204;
trustee of academy, 200

Robert, trustee, 170

Robert R., elder, 170
Henry's Old Museum (removed, 1869),

313
Herbertsen, Andries, 72; see Vander

Blaes ; armorial window, 86 ; kiUs

Seger Van Yoorhout, 74
Hercules, negro thief, 160
Herkimer county, set off, 193; towns

in, 248
Hermans. John, died, 3.59
Herner, Beermah B., died, 350
Herrera, Gen., in town, 365
Herrick, Jacob, 76

Herris. George, 164
Heughan, John, merchant 1772, 214
Hewson, Casparus, marshal. 1788, 235;
his house first bank, 290

Robert, 232
Heyliger, Dolph, 304
Hiberuia Benevolent Society, church
of, 179

Provident Society, 242. 333
Hickcox, H. H., deputy chamberlain,

335
Higgens, Thomas, 76
Higgins, Cornelius, died, 368

Robt., secretary, 33'?

Thomas D., 299
High dutchman buried, 144; wife bu-

' ried, 146 ; child buried, 146
Highlands, stage. 251
Hildebrand, J! P., Lutheran trustee,
153, 163, 164

Wendel, 163, 164
Hill, William, accident, 355
Hillman, William, died, 373
Hilton, Annate, buried, 141

Benjamin, child buried, 139, 142

Peter H.. died, 346

Pieter, child buried, 144, 146 ; wife
buried, 114

Ryckert, daughter buried, 140

Willem. freeholder, 265 ; buried,
142, 145
Hinckley, Ira. died, 368
Hipkius, George, buried, 136
Historical Collections of Albany, 86,

128. 304
Hitchcock, Captain, 322
Hoard, Mrs. Jonathan, died, 342
Hobart, John Sloss. 228
Hochstrasser, Paul, builds church,

166. 167
Hoek, Xed, child buried, 138
Hodges dock at Hamilton street, 277
Hoffman. Charles Fenno, law student,
300

Levi S., died, 338

MaryE., died, 378

Rev., Lutheran pastor, 169
Hog, large. 357
Hogan. Daniel, child buried. 134

Garret, died, 340

John, freeholder. 264

Jurian, child buried, 132, 135

Marte, buried, 142

Willem, freeholder, 263 ; child bu-
ried, 135, 136. 138
Hogeboom, Derrick, freeholder, 266

Joseph, died. 375

Peter, freeholder, 266
Hogs running in streets, .362
Holdridge, Abraham, law student, 299
HoUaday, Samuel, trustee, 170
Holland, 27 ; pulpit from, 85

Capt. Hischen, child buried, 144

Edward, wife buried. 136

Henry, freeholder, 263

404

Index.

Holliday, Mrs. James, died, 347
Holmes, Edwin, 255

Henrj', died, 376

Johau, 74
Holstein, L. D., clerk common council,

335
Holy Innocents, ground broken for

church of, 362: corner stone laid,

363
Hongers, Hans, 9
Hood, John, 163, 164
Hooge Berg, farm on. 75
Hoogh [Tuuik?], buried. 142
HooiJjhkerk, Elizabeth, buried, 143

Judick, buried, 135

Luykas, freeholder, 263; buried,
137 ; wife buried, 143 ; son Luy-
cas. buried, 145

Luykas, Jr., child buried, 137, 142

Rage], child buried, 135

Sarah, buried, 144
Hooghleeling, Coon rod, freeholder, 268
Hooglaud, Jeronemus, federalist, 228
Hooker, Philip, lays corner stone, 148 ;

architect State Bank, 293
Hooper, Mrs. Arthur, died, 367

David, freeholder, 266
Hoose, Juo., freeholder, 266
Hoosic, 252 ; population of, 1790, 191 ;
post to, 247

river, tributary of Hudson, 221,
222
Hoossett, Gillis, 15
Horn, John, trustee, 162

John Matthew, 163

Peter. 164
Horse mill, 1646, 35 ; locations of, 30

troop of, 198
Horticultural exhibition, 345, 365, 375
Hose depot commenced, 374
Hosford's printing office, 313
Hospital, 283; 1796, 210; bill passed,

359
Hotlen, Coonrodt, freeholder, 267
Houghton, Silas, died. 350
Hour glass used in church service, 88
Housatonic, rail road time, 356;
opened, 351

train detained by fog, 329
Houses friii:htful. 209

style olF, in 1749, 55

in Albany 1786, 147 : in 1695, 1S4 ;
1789, 281; 1796,284
Houten, Joris, 66
Houttuyn, Dutch ship, 25
Howard street, formerly Lutheran,

158 ; called the old road. 312
Howqua, China merchant, 262
Hubertsen, Adriaen, 69
Hudson, Henry, discoverer, 221

discovers Hudson's river, 1

Hendrik, steam boat, 322

his visit, 186

John, stager, 248 ; John, his stage,
249

Hudson, rail road, 1849,190; survey,
331 ; first trip, 375
river. 246, 279. 334 ; commerce of,
1747, 44, 46; account of, 221,
closings and openings of, 216,
217 ; discovery of, 1 ; named, 9
stage, 249
Hudson's inn, 250
Huggin's inn, 250
Hughes, Mr., died. 364
Hultse, Captain, 322
Humphrey, Chauncey, 200 ; bank di-
rector, 296
Friend, candidate for mayor, 360
Livingston Ludlow, died, 331
Humphrey's tavern, 250
Hun, Abraham, trustee, 167

Dirck, daughter buried, 136 ; child

buried, 137
Harmen, child buried, 141, 144
Johannis, freeholder, 264 ; child-
ren buried, 134
Thomas, nominated for mayor,

334 ; vote cast for, 335
William, 259
Hungarian emigrants, 383
Hunter, governor, 61

Robt., bank director, 296
Huntiu^on, Ezra, 255
Husen, Daniel, child buried, 135, 141
Hushouse, Henry, died, 363
Husyele, Peter, freeholder, 268
Huth, John, 163
Hutton, Isaac, founds school, 203 ;

bank director, 294
Huyck, Andries, freeholder, 268
"Burger, freeholder, 265
Cornells, freeholder, 266
Johannis, freeholder, 265
Lamert, freeholder, 265
Hyde, Harvey, 300
Hydrant company dissolved, 364

Ice, accident on, 330 ; formed in river,
53 ; thickness of, 352, 358 ; river,
1785, 1868, 216

Immigrants, first from Holland, 187

Imprisonment for debt, 223

Incendiaries, reward for discovery of,
337

Incidents of a northern winter, 219

Independents, 276

Indian baptisms, 96 ; Castle, stage to,
250 ; in celebration 1788, 233 ; com-
missioners, 123 ; confederation
1618, 13 ; conferences, 61 ; corn, 3 ;
money, 160 ; racers, 326 ; river,
head waters of Hudson, 221 ;
trade, 271 ; represented in celebra-
tion, 233; traders occupy Berg
street, 310 ; traffic, 307 ; dishonesty
of, 44 ; wheat, 6

Indians, 68 ; attack Hudson, 1 ; cheat-
ed in trade, 56, 57; defence

Index,

405

Indians, continued —

against, 182 ; escaped, from Hud-
sou, 2; influence of Schuylers
over, 189 ; had tobacco, 3, 4, 5 ;
Lutheran missionaries to, 156;
maintenance of, 320
Indiantown, stage, 250
Ingmire, F. W., ordained, 347
Inhabitants of Albany, characterized

by Kalm, 58, 59
Insurance company, 1823, 276
International bank organized, 298
lolas, steam tug, accident on, 360
Ireland, lectures on, 361 ; meeting of

friends. 337, 340, ai2
Irocoisia Lake, 13
Iron bridge at Hamilton street, 363
Iroquois confederation, 13 ; defeated

by Algonquins, 13
Irving, Catharine, died, 328

Washington, 304
Isle au jSToix stage, 251
Israelites, first organization of, 179 ;

society Brotherly Love. 245
Ivet, Robert, his account of Hudson's
voyage, 1

Jackson, Jacobs, Mrs. Martha, died,
383

John W., died, 331
Jacob sen, Bregje, 74

Casper, his pasture, 99, 103

Harpert, son Gerret buried, 137

Herpert, freeholder, 264

Jacob. 164

Jan, 66

John, 163

Margaret, children of, 301

Nys, 72

Pieter, 72

Kutger (see Van Schoonder-
woert), 69, 72, 77, 85, 301 ; lays
corner stone. 81

Wm.. freeholder, 264

anns of Rutger, 86
Jacobus, freehokler, 267
Jail in 1796, 285 ; on Eagle street, 275 ;

old, to be sold, 200; on State

street, donated to Academy, 275
James, William, 255, 313
Jamestown, Ya., priority of settle-
ment, 186
Jamison, David, secretary, 214
Jan, Jurie, ft-eeholder, 266
Janse, Auneke, descendants of, 95

Daniell, freeholder, 265

Evert, buried in the Lutheran
church. 132

Evert. [Wendell] freeholder, 264

child buried, 132

Helme, freeholder, 267

Johannes, his seat in church, 127

Thos., owned the pasture, 97;
died, 98

Janse, Volkert (Douw), 98
Jansen, Dirck, 20

Evert, 163, 164

Hans, 67

Mauritz, 68

Michel, 70

Roeloft", 65

Volkert, 71
Jay. John, steam boat, 217, 228
Jenkins, Alderman, report on railroad
funds, 352

Charles M., secretary, 377

Ira, bank director, 295

Lemuel, president of society, 328

Leoline, died, 372
Jenkinson, William, died, 331
Jennings, exhibits large hog, 357
Jersey Blue, propeller, 373
Jervis, John, shop burnt, 321
Jewett, Dr. N. A., died, 364
Jewish congregation, synagogue be-
gun, 327 ; synagogues, account of,

179 ; Beth Jacob.'consecrated, 336
Jogues, Father, in Albanv, 1644, 148
Johnson, Capt., 260, 261; quick trip
of sloop, 359

John B., died, 83 ; term of minis-
try, 88

Lucretia, died, 325

Mrs. Peter, died, 373

Oliver, died. 328
Johnstown, post to. 247, 248, 249
Jonas, Pieter, child buried, 146
Jones, Captain. 226

Henry, law student, 299
Jonker's street, now State street, 81
Jordan, Matthew, secretary, 337

Mrs. Thomas, died, 383
Joris, Burger, smith, 70
Joseljm, Chistopher, alias Lillie, 379
Judson, Ichabod L., bank director,

296
Jurriaensen, Annetje, 72

Willem, 77
Justices' court, 364 ; statistics, 338

of the peace, first, 19

Kaar, John, wife buried, 146

Kaesel, Mrs., died, 378

Kalm, Peter, visits Albany, 43; allu-
sion to churches, 310

Kanamoak, Indian sachem, 15

Kanaudaigua stage, 249.

Kanandarqua, post to, 248. See Can-
andaigua

Kane, C. V. S., 300
John James, 300
William, died, 357

Kane's Walk, celebration at, 322

Kanfort, Lapion, freeholder, 267

Kartryt, Mr., child buried. 142

Kasperse, Jan, buried, 133. See Cas-
perse

406

Index,

Katskill. 29; first patentee, 72; inten-
tion of Yander Donck to pur-
chase, 27, 28; settlement at,
hindered, 37

Indians, 67, 68. See Catskill.
Kean, Peter P. J., law student, 299
Keeler, Christopher, died, 357

James, died, 348

Stephen C, died, 378
Keeler's inn, 250
Keldar, Coonrod, freeholder. 266
Kelley, Mrs. Michael, died. 349
Kellogo:. Mrs. Edward, died, 362
Kelly, Daniell, freeholder, 263

Mrs. James, died, 356
Kendrick, E. E., cashier, 291
Kennedy. Duncan, 255

Mrs. William, died, 359
Kenningh, Tomas, 76
Kent, James, pres. academy, 204;

founds school, 203, 204, 299
Kerckbuurte. order for, 25
Ketlyne, Daniell, freeholder, 267

William, freeholder, 268
Kettelhuys, Joachim, see Cremyn
Kettle, large, 374
Key of Calmer, ship, 71
Kidd, James, nominated for county

treasurer, 347
Kidney, John, freeholder, 263

Jonathan, in celebration 1788,
235 ; died, a59
Kidnie, Jacobus, child buried, 136
Kidnie, Roelif, child buried, 133
Kieft, at war with Indians, 30
Kies, Jan Clementsen, 10
Kikebell, Thomas Davitse, 94 ; hus-
band of Aneke Schaets, 126
Kilkenny, Mrs. Francis, died, 341
Killys, Gretie, 131

Kinderhook. baptisms at. 96: con-
verts at, 82; freeholders 1720;
265; stage, 249, 2.50. 251; viola-
tion of sabbath at, 125

Mills stage, 250
King, Rufus H., bank president, 293
Kings county returns, 228
Kingsbridge stage, 251
Kingston, church, application of, 124
Kinney, John, ^46
Kip, Abram, freeholder, 264

Geestie, buried, 141

Issack, freeholder, 264
Kipp, Abraham, buried, 133
Kirk, Andrew, 245

Mrs. Andrew D., died, 360

Rev. E. N., 255, 341

John, 245
Kirkmasters, their duties, 107, 108,

110
Kischenar, Anna, buried, 143
Kittell, Willem. buried. 140
Klariue, Jurie, freeholder, 266
Klinck, George, 163, 164; Lutheran

deacon, 154

Kling;, Mr., council, 162

Kloedt, Geradus, buried, 139

Knapp, H., store burnt, 361

Kiiickerbacker, Harme, child buried.
141
Johannis, freeholder, 267 ; 'child-
ren buried, 145, 147
John, federalist candidate, 235
Wouter, child buried, 136, 138, 140,
143

Knower, Benjamin, founds school,
203 ; bank director, 294
John, bank director, 296

Knowlton, Jabez W.. died, 362

Knox incorporated. 193

Kool, Lambert, child buried, 139

Koorn, Nicolaus, 74

Koster, Anna, married, 301
Elizabeth, buried, 146

Krol. Bastiaen Jansen, 15, 65: settler,
187

Kugler. Matthew, 163

Kummig, Jacob. 163, 164

Kuntz, Doctor, administrator of Hart-
wick, 161

Kunze, Rev. Dr., curator, 157

Labbadie, Jan. 66
Laet, Johannes de, 16
Lafferty, Daniel, drowned, 363
La Garce, privateer, 66
Lagrange, John, wife buried, 139

Marj' Ann. died, 335

Johannis, freeholder, 268

Omie, 163, 164 ; freeholder, 268
Lagraniel, Christiaan, child buried,

140
Laird's tavern, 250
Lake Champlain. mail to, 248 ; stage

to, 253
Lamalire, Ghondia, freeholder, 266
Lamatere, Cloude, freeholder, 266
Lambertse, Jochem, deputy sheriff,

125
Lamerse, Jochem, lieutenant, 198
Lancaster school, project of, 212 ;

school, cost of, 275 ; statistics of,

279. 280: house used by Society

of Friends, 181
Lang. Clara. 131

John, 1.31
Lansen, Abram, freeholder, 264

Gerrit, freeholder, 264, 268

Jacob, freeholder, 263

Jacob, freeholder, 268

Jan, freeholder, 264

Johannis, freeholder, 263

Mindert, freeholder, 263. See
Lansing
Lansing, Abr., son Jacob buried, 138 ;
daughter Margaret buried, 141 ;
^^ife buried, 134; child buried,
141

Abraham G., bank director, 293

Index,

407

Lansin;?, Abraham, Jr., child buried,
134
Abram, buried, 138 ; child buried,

131, 142, 143
Abram Ja, child buried, 141 ; child

drowned, 364
Capt. Jacob, 230
Capt. Philip, in celebration 17S8,

233
Charles, drowned, 364
Cornelius D. R., died, 373
Cornelius R. D., 299
Elsje, 139; buried, 136
Frauciskis, child buried, 139
Gerardus, 84

Gerret Ja, child buried. 136
■ Gerrit. buried, 135 ; child buried,

132
Gerrit A 84

Gerrit Joiis, child buried, 136, 137
Giertie, buried, 136
Henry Y., died, 333
Jacob, daughter Elsie buried, 139
Jacob J., member of consistory, 84
Jacob Ja, child buried, 84, 143
John, assistant aldei'man, 63
John, jr., anti-federalist, 228
John, trustee of academy, 200 ;

assembly man, 235
Jobs G., wife buried, 1-32
Jobs Ja, wife Catlyutie buried 139
Jobs Jr., child buried, 133
Peter, 84

Robert, child buried, 138
Sanders, 84
Lansingburgh, commerce, 259, 260;

stage from, 247, 249
Lansingh, Abram, buried a Boston
captain, 146 ; servant Jobs bu-
ried, 136
Abram Ja, child buried, 146
Elizabeth, buried, 133
Evert, child buried, 141
Frans, child buried, 146
Gerrardus, Indian trader, 233 ;

child buried, 143, 145
Gerret G., child buried, 1-39 ; wife

buried, 139
Gerrit, child buried, 144
Gerrit Ja, buried, 139 ; wife bu-
ried, 137, 13S ; child buried, 137,
142
Gerrit Janz, buried, 146
Gerrit Jobs, child buried, 138
Gerrit Jobs, children buried, 143
Gerrit Js, buried, 142
Hendrick, daughter buried, 142
Henry, 258

Isaac, son Jobs buried, 139
Ja, wife buried, 145
Jacob, buried bv his house, 146 ;

child buried, 133, 142
Jacob Ja, child buried, 146
Jan, buried, 132
Johannis, Jr., child buried, 141

Lansingh, John, child buried, 145
John, first alderman, 188
John Jobs, child buried, 143, 145
Jobs, daughter buried, 133; wife

buried, 138
Jobs G., buried, 142 ; child buried,

134
Jobs Gr, wife Jannetye buried,

143
Jobs Jacobse, wife buried, 137;

child buried, 139
Jobs Janz, daughter buried, 142
Lena, buried, 147
Madalena, buried, 1.39
Pieter, child buried, 142, 146, 147
Robert, 258; child buried, 137,
142 ; wife buried, 140 ; wife
Sarah buried, 142

Laperara stage, 251

Latham, Mrs. Jasper, died, 374

Latitude of Albany, 280, 281

Laurensen, Lawrens, 64; settler, 187

Law, Mary, died, 321

Lawrence, steamer, 376

Laws first established, 18

Lawyers in gowns, 2.33

Lay ton, Anna, died, .379

Leach, C, sells large oxen, 3.57

Learned, Billings P., bank president,
298
William L., bank director, 298

Leavitt, Hannah, wife of N. K., died,
321

Lebanon Springs stage, 251

Lee, Thomas, died, 333
William T., died, .321

Leedyiis, Mallie, buried, 135. See
Lydius

Leendertsen, Cornells, 71
Willem, brass founder, 76

Lefferrese, Wm., freeholder, 267

Legislature, feted, 360 ; session lim-
ited, 229

Leicester sta^e, 251

Leisler, administration of, 189; im-
prisoned, 81 ; complaint against,
124

Lenni Lenape Indians, 1.3, 14

Lennington, Thomas, bank director,
294

Leonard, John, died, 341

Leonhard, Daniel, 163
John, trustee, 162, 163

Leslie, Mary, died, 350

Leviugs, Rev. Noah, 255 ; died, 355

Levingston, Robert, buried, 132

Lewis, Benedict, died, 352
David, freeholder, 264
Hellagont, child buried, 140
Phebe, wife of Col. Henry, died,
328

Lewis's tavern, 288, 311, 312; its lo-
cation, 289; called also City tav-
ern, 289, 246

Leydeu foot defined, 153

408

Index.

L'Hommedieu, Ezra, votes Coustitu-

tiou, 229
Liberty in Europe, meeting, 336
Lievens, Annetje, 70
Lieversen, Lievynis, buried, 142. , See

Liversen
Light Horse, 229
Lightbody, Caroline M., died, 363

James, died, 339

John W., died, 346
Lighting city, expenses of, 384
Lincoln, Benjamin, in Albany, 123
Lindsay, John, 258
Linn, Henry J., 300

Mrs. MarkL., 361

Rev. John Blair, 85
Lispenard, Anthony, Lutheran deacon,

151
Little Basin, alarm bell, 360

Falls, stage to, 248

Fox, ship, 9

White Creek, post, 247
Liverse, Harm, wife buried, 146 ; child

buried, 146
Liversen, Ragel, buried, 140. See

Lieversen
Livingston, Brockholst, bank direc-
tor 292

Cambridge, 300

Crawford, died, 325

Dr., theory of an early church, 79

John H., term of ministry, 88

Mr., first preacher in English, 124

Pieter, child buried at Flats, 135

Philip, his residence, 311, 315;
born in Albany, 316

Phylip, freeholder, 263; child bu-
ried, 131

Rev. Dr.. 83

Robert R., 228

Robt., child buried, 140, 142; first
clerk of Albany, 163, 188, 197 ;
freeholder, 263, 266 ; his seat in
church, 127; Indian commis-
sioner, 320 ; report on church
pasture. 97: report on Dutch pas-
ture, 97, 98; witnesses, died, 152

Sarah Bay, died, 333
Livingston's Manor stage, 251 ; ma-
nor, Indians take refuge at, 319
Lloyd, Andrew, died, 339
Lochead, William, 255
Lockwood, Mrs. Jared, died, 364
Lodowick. Hendrick, freeholder, 266
Lombers. Georgie. buried, 146
Long Island, near Bethlehem, 70

John, died, 326

Thomas, freeholder, 264

William, died, 341
Longevity, 284
Longitude of Albany, 280
Loock, Philip, buried, 143
Lookermans, Govert, 32

Jacob, his seat in church, 127

Pieter, buried, 146

Loonenburgh, 154 ; low Dutch church
at, 155

Lord, , died, 368

Lothian's Band, 342

Lotteries for benefit of churches, 166

Lottridge, Robert, died, 325
Mrs. Robert, died, 378

Loucks, Mrs. John H., died, 346

Lovelace, Gov., his grant not recog-
nized, 98 ; grant to Coeymans, 68 ;
permits Lutheran worship, 150

Loveland, Althia A., died, 344

Lovett, John, his oifice, 306
Nancy, died, 351

Low, Nicholas, 228

Luce, John B., 300

Ludlow, James M., presbyterian pas-
tor, 172
John, 2.55 ; address by, 204

Lush, Richard, 84 ; bank director, 293
Stephen, conveys church lot, 176 ;
on bank committee, 292

Lutheran street now Howard, 158

Lutherans, 276, 283, 285 ; oppressed by
Van Tromp, 157 ; restrained in
their worship, 149 ; early inAlbany,
148

Lutheran Church, 275; ancient loca-
tion, 312 ; before 1670, 151 ; history
of. 148 ; first edifice, 151 ; deed of
church lot, 151 ; cemetery, 151 ;
dimensions of church lot, 152;
first church and parsonage, 152 ;
used by Episcopalians, 1714, 153;
society incorporated 1784, 153 ;
records of, 154 ; collections for
building, 154 ; succession of the
ministry, 155 ; effort to secure
Lutheran semmary, 156; custo-
dian of Hartwick's remains, 156,
160 ; oppressed, 157 ; abandon
seminary, in Park street, 158;
sell ancient church lot, 158 ; ac-
quire lot on Pine street, 158, 163 ;
build session house and parsonage,
158; build houses on cemetery
lots, 159; deed cemetery to city,
159 ; remove dead to Rural ceme-
tery, 159; erect new church in
1869, 159 ; treasury stolen, 160 ;
comer-stone of church, 1686, 162 ;
records, 162, 165 ; church council,
1686, 162 ; membership, 1788, 163 ;
real and personal estate, 163, 164 ;
new cemetery, 1790, 164; Boght
members, 164 ; treasury balance,
164; membership 1795, 164, 165;
treasure chest, 165 ; bell procured,
165 ; aid German congregation,
168 ; the German language disused,
1.56, 168 ; fence, 313 ; road to, 102 ;
slanderous members of, 125 ; semi-
nary, 150

Luyck, Johannes, 38

Abraham, freeholder, 266

Index,

409

Luyckasse, Claes, buried, 133

Sara, buried, 146

Jacobus, child buried, 132; buried,
132
Lyceum of Natural History, 279
Lydiott, Ann, died, 357

Catharine, buried, 132

Kev. John, succeeds Dellius, 82;
died 1709, 82 ; term of ministry,
88

street, city gate near, 101
Lyle, Abraham, trustee, 170

Robert, died, 347
LjTnan, Barney, died, 308
Lynch, Cornelius, died, 357
Lynd, Matthew, 287
Lynot, Mrs., 258
Lyon, Mrs. Philo D., died, 352
Lythall, Abraham, freeholder, 265

Maase, Albartus, child buried, 146 ;
wife buried, 146

Cornells, 66 ; freeholder, 204

JaquemjTina, buried, 132. See
VanBuren.
Maasen, Jacob, buried, 145 ; child bu-
ried, 134, 137; wife buried, 143

Jan, freeholder, 264 ; child buried,
132, 133

Jan, Jr., buried, 146

Pieter, child buried, 146 ; wife
buried, 146
MacLean, Mr. Ales., 259
MacNamara, John, died, 351

Patrick, died, 383
Macomb, John, trustee, 170
Magsilse, Eyck, buried, 132
Mahans, Andries, wife buried, 142
Mahar, Catharine, died, 330

James, 242

Mary, wife of James, died, 336

Thomas, drowned, 342
Maine, Hudson visits coast of,l
Maley, John, 290 ; bank director, 289
MaUoy, Robert, died, 373
Manchester, stage, 249
Mancius, Dr. W., 254
Manhattan bank, specie sent to, 293 ;
directors of, 292

fort at, 12

river, 11, 13
Manhattans, 21, 37, 69; first Lutheran

minister at, 150
Mauhatters, bring furs, 12
Manhattes, settlers arrive at, 17
Manna-hatta, visited by Hudson, 8
Manners of the people, 114, 115, 116
Manning, Capt., sent to command the
fort, 97

James, died, 328
Mannix, Geertje, 74
Mansion houses (hotels), 1823, 277;

sewing machine at, 359
Manufactories, deficient, 277

35

Manufacturers meeting, 322
Manufactures, 190; 1789,236
Mapletown, 252
Maquaas Indians, deluded by Dellius,

95 ; tract on, 64. See Mohawks
Marcelis, Gerhard, 164
Marine society, 1823, 276
Mark, Solomon, 245
Market in State street, 54, 56

street, now Broadway north, 233
house, 158
Markey, Nicholas, 242
Maroney, James, drowned, 351
Marriage customs, 283
Marriages, 1848,^24; fee for publish-
ing, 175 ; records of, 88
Marrinas , William, freeholder, 265
Marselis, Assweris, ft-eeholder, 265
Gerrit, child buried, 134, 141
Gerrit, son [Jacob] buried, 141
Guisbert, freeholder, 263; buried,

137
Gysbert, child buried, 146
Johannes, child buried, 137;

buried, 139
Jobs, Jr., buried, 141
MjTidert, freeholder, 268 ; child bu-
ried, 132, 133, 134 ; wife buried,
146
Martensen, Catalyntje, 66
Martin, Rev. Benj. N., 255; installed,
341
Dirck, wife and child buried, 137
E. T. T., 300

Garritson's island, 99, 186
Henry H., 308 ; law student, 300
James, 255
John, died, 361, 379
Pieter, buried, 145
Martin's inn, 251

Marvin, Alexander, bank director, 295
Henry, died, 365
Richard, bank director, 295
Uriah, founds school, 203 ; died, 350
William, died, 362
Maryland, 363

Mason, John, engine builder, 312
L. B., Universalist pastor, 180
Masons in procession, 232
Mastersen, Simon, 9
Maternaghan, William, drowned, 347
Mather, Thomas, bank director, 293
Mathews, Frederick, .300 ; teacher, 205
Matson, Isaac, died, 363
Mauritius, river, 11
Maxsted, William, assault by, 352
Mayer, Frederick George, Lutheran
minister, 155 ; lays corner stone,
148 ; preaches in German, 168 ;
trustee of Academy, 200 ; mana-
ger of Bible Society, 255
Mrs. Frederick G., died, 350
Mayhew, Joseph, drowned, 383
Mayor, Hendk, wife buried, 146
Mayor, a justice of the peace, 197

410

Index.

Mayor's court, power of, 197 ; calendar,

330
McAuley, attempt to burn bakery of,
323

Michael, died, 373

Thomas, 255
McBride, John, overseer of poor, 336
McCafferty, Jane, died, 366
McCarty, Betsy, died, 343
McCawIy, Charlotte, died, 326
McChesney, L., chair factory, 314
McClallen, Eobert, his advertisement,

226
McClelland, Dr. Wm., 245, 254
McCloskey, Rev. John, bishop, 321, 341
McCluskey, Elizabeth, died, 362
McCotter, Neil, died, 373

Mrs. Neil, died, 371
McCowan, A., 345
McCulloch, James, died, 356
McDermott, Wm. J., died, 322
McDole, captures tories, 318
McDonald, Mrs. Cornelius, died, 362

John, presbyterian pastor, 170,
172, 175, 245; trustee of aca-
demy, 200

Eosanna, died, 379
McElroy, Samuel, surveyor, 335
McFarlan, Mr., precentor, 176
McGarvey, Mary Ann, died, 358
McGowan, Aurelia, wife of Minos,

died, 325
McGrath, James, Jr., died, 356
McGuire, Thomas, died, 383
McHarg, Elizabeth, died, 356

Dr. Henry, died, 341
Mcintosh, John, died, 362
Mclntyre, Archibald, 245; chairman,

199; trastee of academy, 200
McJimpsey, Rev. John, 255 ; trustees

of academy, 200
McKenna, Peter, died, 359
McKensie, George, died, 356
McKnight, Mrs. Alex., died, 375
McKown, Michael, died, 352

William A., died, 338
McKown's inn, 250, 251
McLaughlin, Wm., died, 373
McMannus, Bridget, died, 368
McMillen, Mrs. Ellen, died, 363
McNaughton, Jas., 245 : bank director,
296 ; address on cholera, 383

Jane, wife of Peter, died, 336
McPherson, Laughlen, died, 327
McQuade, James, chief engineer, 327
McRae, John, married, 302
Mechanic's Hall, 298 ; school in, 212
Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, 1823,

277 ; account of, 294
Mecryda, Willem, buried, 144
Medical college, 189
Meebe, Abram, freeholder, 265

Jan, freeholder, 265
Meech, Esther S., died, 346
Megapolensis, Dirck, 73, 90

Megapolensis, Hellegond, 73, 90
Jan, 73, 90

Johannes, first pastor, 23, 24, 79 ;
his voyage, 151 ; term of minis-
try, 88 ; his call, 89 ; sent as pas-
tor, 188 ; Maquaa tract, 64 ; expels
Lutheran minister, 150 ; retired
from Fort Orange, 80
Johannis, Jr., 73
Samuel, 73, 80, 90
Mentz, Sebastiana Cornelia, 300 ; mar-
ried, 301
Mercelis, Gerhard, 163
Merchant, George, bank director, 294 ;
his academy, 303
Horace, his academy, 236
Merchants in celebration, 233
Merchants' Bank organized, 298
National Bank, 291
stock in 1790, 226
Merit, Appelonie buried, 145
Merrifield, Mrs. Richard, died, 337
Mervin, Samuel, trustee of academy,

200
Messel, Pieter, child buried, 146
Methodist Episcopal church, sold to
Jews, 179 ; ancient pastor died,
344
Methodists, 276
Metselaer, see De Metselaer
Mexico, recruits for, 341
Mey, Cornelius Jacobsen, 9, 10
Meyer, Rev. Edward, Lutheran pastor,

168
Meyndertsen, Neeltje, 64
Rynier, buried, 145
Jan Jansen, 15
Meynten, Willem, 71
Michael, Olivette, robbed, 327

Nicholaus, 163, 164
Michaelius, Rev. Jonas, 79
Middle Dutch Church, site of a burial
place, 130 ; burial lot, 131 ; burial
place, 213; repaired, 328; new
organ, 341; meeting held in, 355
Middleburgh stage, 249
Middleton, Garrett, died, 336
Middletown stage, 250
Migael, Jobs, bm-ied, 133
Milborne, Jacob, complaint against,

124; administration of, 189
Miles, Rev. John, pastor of bethel,

177, 178
Military of 1796, 210
Militia statistics, 1693, 197 ; 1700, 197
Mill creek, Greenbush, 15, 73
Mill, patroon's, 22
Miller, Christian, his house, 260, 313
John, his plan of Albany, 182,

315
William C, 260
Millerite prophecy unfulfilled, 326
Miller's inn, 250, 251
Millers in procession, 231
Mill's island, 198, 279

Index,

411

Mills, Martha, died, 323
Milroy, "William, 245
Milten, Jan, wife buried, 132
Minder tsen, Fred, freeholder, 263
Johaunis, freeholder, 265
Reyner, freeholder, 263. See Mj'n-
dertse
Mineral Spring Garden, balloon ascen-
sion, 342
Min2:aell, Johanni?, freeholder, 264

Ilarytie, buried, 135
Minister's house, 102
Mink, Mrs. Charles W., died, 363
Minqiias, hiinting grounds, 12, 13
Missel, Pieter, child buried, 140
Mission sabbath school concert, 356
Missionaries declined by the Indians,

61,62
Mitchell, Jane, died, 370
Mix, Rebecca Elizabeth, died, 333
Moehrie, Richard, died, ;356
Moeller, Henry, Lutheran minister,

153, 155, 162
Moellman, William, Lutheran pastor,

168
Moenimines castle, 15
Mohawk river, 194, 195 ; tributary of
Hudson, 221 ; broke up, 359 ;
plank road to, 333 ; castle at
mouth of, 15
and Hudson rail road, 243 ; first in
the country, 190 ; speed on, 346 ;
building used for Normal School,
207
Indians, bring fiirs, 12; converts
among, 82 ; their territory, 68 ;
land sterile, 194 ; supplied with
firearms, 17 ; one of the five na-
tions, 13. See Minquaas, Min-
quas.
propeller, a pioneer, 241 ; speedy
trip of. 340
Mohegans, 13, 14 <

Mohican island, 70
Monk. Christopher, church trustee,

148
Monkland, Thomas, died, 367
Monoculi in Albany water, 54
Monteath, Walter, 255
Montgomery county, returns, 228 ; set
oft", 191; towns in, 248
street, female academy in, 203, 204
Montreal, distance of, 185, 280 ; routes,

251,253
Moor, Richard, freeholder, 266
Moore, Chester, died. 336
Mrs. M. D., died, 379
John, died, 370
Moral Society, 167
Moran, Ann, died, 372
Morehouse's inn, 250
Morey, John D., suicide, 368
Morgan, Thomas I., died, 378

Tobias, died, 367
Morrell, Dr., aeronaut, 342

Morris, Maj. Lewis K, monument to,
349

Richard, 228
Morrison, Patrick, died, 349
Morrow, Mrs. James, died, 368
Morse's Description of Albany, 1789,

281
Moses, buried, 133
Mosher, George M.. died, 369
Moss, Thomas, died, 368
Mossop, George, died, 377
Mott, Amey, died, 374

Mary, died, 323
Mount Pleasant steam boat, 217
Moussart, Toussaint, 16, 42
Mowry, Le Roy, bank director, 298
Muhlenberg, Frederick A., trustee of

Hartwick, 156
Muir, A., his petition, 125

Wm., his lot, 311,315
Muldey, Cornells, fi-eeholder, 266

Jacob, child buried, 132

Jeremias, freeholder, 266
Mull, James C, died, 338
MuUer, Jacob, freeholder, 264 ; daugh-
ter buried, 139

Elizabeth, child buried, 133

Johannes, freeholder, 264 ; buried,
132
Muller, Jobs Ja., child buried, 145
Muuro, John, trustee, 170
Murphy, Henry C, 79
Murray, Patrick, died, 376
Murton, Josiah, died, 383
Murtough, Thomas, died, 362
Museum of Trowbridge, 276 ; ancient

city prison, 317; exhibits Drum-

mond light, 382
Musquitoesrgigantic, 208, 211
Mustard factory, 237
Muzi^h, tfitz, freeholder, 266
Myndersey, Abram, wife buried, 145
Myndertse, Fredk, buried, 137; wife
buried, 134; daughter buried,
135

Rynier, son buried, 133

Nabletown mountain, 250
Nach, Andries, freeholder, 264
Nachtenack (now Watei'ford), 70
Nail factory, 1789, 236 ; works, 190
Nailers in procession, 231
Nancouttaushal, Indian sachem, 15
Nankins, importations of, 227
Narrows passed by Hudson, 1
National bank organized, 298

hotel, meeting of foreigners at, 335

prejudices, 60
Navigation, efi"ort to improve, 1790, 198
Nawanemit, Indian sachem, 15
Negagans, 15
Neger, Jan de, 76

Negro servants in 1749, 60; sold in
I West Indies, 257

412

Index,

Neill, William, Presbyterian pastor,

172, 255; trustee of academy, 200
Nelson's inn, 251
New Amsterdam, 79; its perils, 188;

captured by Sir Robt. Carre, 58
New Brunswick inhabited by Albany

Dutchmen, 55
New England officer buried, 145
Newfound Land, Hudson sails to, 1
New France, permit to visit, 10 ; set-
tlement commenced, 13
New Hartford inn, 250
New Haven, No. houses in, 147; stage

route to, 250
New Jersey steam boat, 322
New Jerusalem, in Otsego county, 156,

157
New Lebanon stage, 249
New London, commerce with, 241
New Netherland, 41 ; Vanderdonck's
Beschi*yvinge, 64; erected into a
province, 15 ; figurative map of, 10
New Scotland incorporated, 193
New Sweden taken, 58
New World, steam boat, quick trips,

367
New Year, 352 ; 1848, 329
New York, Hudson arrived at, 1 ; No.
houses in, 147 ; distance of, 185,
279, 280, 281 ; stage journey to,
246,251,252; merits, 247 ; relieves
sufferers by fire, 345 ; county
returns, 228
lights and shades of traveling in,

208
State adopted federal constitution,

229
State Bank, account of, 293 ; cash-
ier, 291
volunteers, arrived. 341
Newark (read Nyack), 201
Newman, Charles, Lutheran trustee,
148, 153, 1.54, 162, 163, 164, 165
Henry A., died, 376
Newspapers, 1823, 276
Newton, Isaac, competition, 350 ; large
load, 361; steamboat, 322,334;
tonnage of, 242
J. M., bank director, 296.
William, died, 337
Newton's Corners, omnibus to, 324
Niagara, stage to, 250, 253 ; Indian
treaty at, 123 ; post route, 248 ;
river, 13
Niblock, John, candidate for chief en-
gineer, 327; stabbed, 333
Nichols, Catharine, died, 3(30

Mrs. Alexander, died, 372
Nicolaes, Willem, buried, 145
Nicoll, Francis, federalist, 228, 230
Nicolls, Richard, governor, 41, 71 ; re-
ceived the province, 97; his
grant not recognized, 98 ; patent
lot to Staats, 152 ; takes Albany,
58

Nicolls, W., 100

Niemeyer, John Hendrick, 163

Niewenhuysen, Rev. Mr., 80

Night police, expense of, 384

Nightengale, trading vessel, 10

Noble, D. A., 300

Nordin, William, died, 331

Norfolk stage, 250

Normal school in Lodge street opened,

369 ; on State street, 200
Norman's kil, 67, 195 ; fort erected on,
13 ; fort on, 186 ; lease of water
power, 65 ; origin of name, 187 ;
treaty of the, 14
North America, 14 ; steam tug, 325

Dutch church, 87 ; collection, 255 ;
voorzingers of, 139

gate, its location, 182

Slarket street, business of, 271

Pearl street, 321

river, closed by ice, 24th Nov.,
1646, 34
Northampton, stage to, S49, 250, 251
Northern Budget, post rider, 252

rail road, failure of, 297
Norton, John T., clerk, 306; bank
president, 295

Mary Elizabeth, died, 379
Norwich, commerce with, 241

steam boat, 218, 319
Nostrandt, Jacob Jansen, 71
Nott, Eliphalet, presbyterian pastor,

171, 173, 253; on academy com-
mittee, 199
Noyes, Mrs. Elizabeth M., died, 384

Robt. L., bank director, 296
Nucella, Johannes Petrus, term of

ministry, 88 ; baptisms by, 96 ;

temporary supply, 82
Nucella street Lutheran church, 169
Nugent, Elizabeth, died, 367

Margaret, wife H. P., died, 321
Nyack stone (instead of Newark), 201 ;

sandstone used in public build-
ings, 275
Nyssen, Wolf, executed, 76

O'Brien, Patrick, died, 377

O'Callaghan's History New Nether-
land, 9, 39, 40, 41, 43, 64, 76, 150 ;
theory of the first church, 79

O'Connor, Bridget, died, 372
Catharine, died, 336
Maurice, died. 383

O'Donnel, Wm., 242

O'Reilly, Henry, 375; telegraphery,
377

Oats, price of, 327, 345

Obstructions in river, 222

Odd Fellows' Hall, dedicated, 333, 348

Odell's inn, 251

Ogilvie, J., rector, 310

Olber, Dirke, child buried, 141, 143

Index,

413

Olcott, Theodore, cashier, 296

Thomas W., hank clerk, 295

ferry boat, 345
Old Fort Schuyler stage, 249, 250
Old Hunker convention, 324; meeting

346
Old Hunkers nominations of, 322
Old stone church, 127
Olinde, Lybitie, buried, 145
Olive Branch, manifest of sloop, 257
Oliver, buried B. Brat's daughter, 136

Aaron, post rider, 252
Olyfer [Oliver] John, Jr., buried, 133
Oneida castle stage, 250

Indians, 13 ; presbyterians among,
157 ; treaty with, 292

steam boat, 218
Onisquathaw, 65
Onondaga stage, 249
Onoudagas, 13
Ontario county, population of, 192

lake, 13
Oosterum, Garrit Willems, 66
Oothoudt, Adrian, freeholder, 268

Aeltie, buried, 136

Arye, daughters buried, 134, 141,
142 ; buried, 143

Hendrick, freeholder, 263 : buried,
134

Henry, anti-federalist, 228

Jan, Jr., child buried, 133

Jno, freeholder, 268

Jobs, buried, 138

Johs Arie, buried, 146

Jonas, children buried, 140, 142,
144, 146; wife Elizabeth buried,
186

Volkert, child buried, 135
Orange county, returns, 228

fort, 79
Oregon, brings large load, 361
Organ, first in Albany, 166
Orphan asvlum, aid to, 333 ; its loca-
tion, 190
Orr, Isabella, wife of Samuel, died,

332
Osbom, Mary, wife of Jeremiah, died,
323

Thomas, teacher, 205

William L., 242
Osbrey, Elizabeth M., wife Wm. L.,

died, 337
Osgood, Abigail, died, 323
Ostrander, Catharine, widow of John,
died. 326

John, 163

John C, died, 356
Oswego, steam boat, large tow, 340,

347, 384
Otsego county, set off". 192
Otter skins purchased by Hudson, 3
Ouderkerk, Abraham, freeholder, 268 ;
buried, 138; children buried,
133, 134

Eldert, freeholder, 267

Ouderkerk, Isaac, freeholder, 267;
wife buried, 141, 145 ; child
buried 138, 141
John, freeholder, 268 ; children

buried, 138
Johs, buried, 140; child buried,

136
Maycke, buried, 140
Peter, freeholder, 267
WiUem, buried, 140
Overslaugh, effort to subvert, 198 ;

obstructs navigation, 279
Oxen, large, 357

Pacey, Edward, died, 370

James, died, 370
Pachonakelick, island, 70
Packard, Elizibeth. died, 375

Nathaniel R.. died, 356
Paddock, Stephen, fire in bakery, 329
Paerde hoeck (Horse point), 73
Page, David P., died, 329
Painters in procession, 231
Palisades, the city fortified with, 182
Palmer, Amos P., cashier. 298

Mi-s. Amos P., died, 376

Mrs. Levi H., died, 362
Pangburn, Abraham, died, 362

Hiram, died, 362
Papendorp, Adraien Gerritse, 160. See

Gerritsen, Adriaen
Papsickenekaas. See Papskanea
Papskanea, 16, 198 ; farm at, 66
Park street, ancient cemetery on, 159 ;

Lutheran seminary in, 157
Parker, James, first marshal, 63, 189
Parsonage of the Dutch church, 124
Parsons, Mr., robbed, 328

Mrs. Stephen, died, 358
Partridgefield stage, 251
Passapenock island, 15
Pasture, church, 271 ; dimensions of.

99 ; laid out into lots, 101 ; patent

of, 97, 99
Patchin, A. D., cashier, 294
Patroon's creek, factories on, 239 ;
mills on, 190, 195

house robbed, 40

encouraged to settle colonies. 15
Patterson and Hartshorn, 257, 258

John, died, 352
Patterson, George W., inaugurated,

352 ; nominated by autirenters,

346

Paul, , drowned, 345

Pay of oflicers and soldiers 1688, 320
Peach trees unsuccessful, 49
Pearl street house burnt, 339

street widened, 288
Pearse, Jacob, freeholder, 267
Pearson, George, 245

Jonathan, transcript of church
records, 96
Peas 1749, 50

414

Index.

Peck, captain of steamer, 322
Pecklaam, Isabella Adeline, wife R. W.,
died, 334

K. W., political speaker, 346
Peek, Abram, child buried, 145

Jacobus, freeholder, 265

Johannis, freeholder, 265
Peekskill staije, 249, 251, 252
Peelen, Brant, 20, 70
Peisen, Janna, buried, 145
Pelgrom, Paul, 9
Pells, Abram, buried, 144

Evert, brewer, 24
Pemberton, William, 259
Pemmerton, Jer., children buried, 132,

134, 135
Penitentiary, convict died by suicide,

330; its location, 190; prisoners

in, 326, 370 ; supt., reappointed, 355
Penny-post, ancient, 330
Penobscot bay, Hudson visits, 1
Perceval, Mrs. George, died, 351
Perry, Eli, candidate, 349

Mrs. Oliver H., died, 358

Nelson W., died, 364
Peter sburgh, 252
Peys, Jobs, buried a Roeyland man,

146
Phelps's inn, 250
Philadelphia, commerce with, 241, 278

distance of, 280

No. houses in, 147

stage route to, 247, 250, 251
Phillip, Elizabeth, died, 365
Phillipse, Harma, freeholder, 265
Physicians decline office, 330
Pickering, Timothy, in Albany, 123

postmaster general, 248
Pier, earth used to fill, 167

its extent, 190

question meeting, 375
Pierce, Horace, died, 350

Mrs. Irene, died, 361
Pierpont, Rev. Mr., 369
Pierson, Jobs, buried, 146
Pietersen, Wy brant, 71
Pilsbury, Amos, reappointed super-
intendent. 355
Pinchon, William, grant of land to, 95
Pine grove, 35

sti'eet, Lutheran church on, 158
Pittenger, Abram, died, 337
Pittsfield stage, 249, 251
Pittstown, population, 1790, 191 ; poet

to, 247, 252
Plains of sand, 193
Plan of Albany, 1695, 183
Planck, Jacob Albertsen, first sheriff

of Rensselaerwyck, 19, 66; his

demise, 22
Planter's plea, allusion of, to Rensse-

laerswyck, 17
Piatt, Ananias, first stage to Albany,

246. 247, 249 ; stage to his inn, 246
Plees, Jan Emmerick, freeholder, 266

Plumb, J. B.. cashier, 294

Poc. . , Jobs, buried, 146

Poetanock, 15

Pohlman, Daniel, trustee, 157, 164, 165

Henry Newman, Lutheran minis-
ter, 155
Police statistics, 327
Pomeroy, Thaddeus, died, 351
Pomeroy's express, origin of, 325
Poog, Johan, 72
Poor, collections for, 93 ; expenses for

coal, 360 ; expenses of, 384 ; house

of Dutch church, size and location

of, 102 ; meeting for relief of, 355
Pootman, A rent, freeholder, 265

Cornells, freeholder, 265

Yictore, freeholder, 265
Population, classes of first, 20; 1820,

280 ; 1789, 281 ; 1796, 284 ; 1790, 309 ;

1716, 309
Pork, price of, 345
Poi-pesses, at Albany, 51
Porter, Elisha C, died, 331

Giles W., bank director, 294

James, bank dii'ector, 295

John, 299
Portland, stage route to, 249
Portuguese exiles, meeting in favor

of, 361 ; refugees arrived, 378
Pos, Simon Dirckson, 64; settler, 187
Post, Victor, died, 367
Post office 1785, 246 ; 1823, 277 ; opera-
tions of 1845, 196

riders, dependence upon, 251

routes, 246, 247, 248, 249
Postage statistics, 1845, 196
Potato raising, 194
Poughkeepsie stage, 249, 251
Powder house, 276
Powers, John, died, 365
Powles Hook, river closed at, 217
Powlisse, Marte, freeholder, 265
Pratt, Mrs. Ralph, died, 371
Prentice, Sartelle, died. 379
Presbyterian church, First, 170; first
church edifice, 170 ; second edi-
fice, 171 ; succession of the min-
istry, 172; third edifice, 172:
description of, 172, 173 ; size of
lot, 175 ; seatings in 1785, 175 ;
fees of clerk, 175 ; sexton's
duties, 176; church pennies
stamped, 176 ; location of burial
ground, 176 ; pastor's salary,
176; street barricaded with
chains, 176 ; in celebration 1788,
233

minister, among Oneidas, 157
Presbyterians. 276, 283, 285
Pretty, Richard, first sheriff of Albany,

63, 152, 189, 312
Price current of goods, 256
Prime, Melissa, died, 332
Prince Maurice's river, 11
Princetown, set ofi', 193

Index.

415

Printers in procession, 231
Prooper, Hanse Juris, freeholder, 266
Proiidfit. Alexander, 255
Provoost, Abram, freeholder, 267

creek, 195
Pruyn, , 84

Arent, freeholder, 264; child bu-
ried, 132

Casparus, 84

Frans, freeholder, 268; child bu-
ried, 132

Johannis, freeholder, 264 ; buried,
142

John v. L., his house, 308

Lansing, president, 377

Robert H., norainated for assem-
bly, 322 ; elected, 349, 381

S., his lot, 311

Samuel, freeholder, 264; buried,
132, 140, 143

Samuel, penitentiary director, 355 ;
supervisor, 362

Tarns Jr., child buried, 132
Public buildings, 1789, 283 ; 1796, 285

square, at capitol. 270. 275
Pugsley, Sarah M., died, 362
Pulling, Henry P., bank director,

298
Pulpit, ancient, 123 ; from Holland, 81,

85,87
Pulver, Johannis, freeholder, 266
Pumpkins raised by Indians, 3
Putnam, Mrs. Peter, died, 381

Quackenbos, Adriaan, freeholder, 267 ;
child buried, 140, 141, 144

Charles, died, 334

Cornelie, buried, 135

Gideon, buried, 141

Jno. freeholder, 267

Jno. Jr., freeholder, 267

John P., 84

Jobs, child buried, 133

Peter, fi-eeholder, 264

Pieter, buried, 142

Pieter's wife buried, 146

Sybrand, child buried, 132, 136,
141
Q.uackenbush, Gerrit, 84

Henry, 84
Q.uaker delegates, 123
Quarter sessions, 197
Quay submerged, 328
Quebec, distance of, 280
Queen Anne confirms patent of Coey-

mans, 68
Queens county, returns, 228
Querk, Michael, died, 380
Queues proscribed. 60
Quinn, Arthur, died, 348

Charies, died, 372

Mary, died, 368
Quitman, Major Gen., arrived, 330

RadliflF, James, died, 328

Raedtsvrienden, 19

Raely, John, son buried, 145

Raetspersoonen, 19

Rail road freight. 383; receipts, 345;

speed, 244, 329, 348 ; survey adopt-
ed on river line, 331
Rain. 372, 375, 376, 377, 379, 380, 382,

383
Rain siorm, 327, 342
Ram, John, 167
Ramsey, D. D., 245

George, 245
Randall, Francis, 300
Randolph. Beverly, in Albany, 123
Random Recollections of Albany, 334
Ransselaer's Stein. 28.
Ratclif, Johannis, freeholder, 263
Rattenaur. Johannis, 163, 164
Rawson, Mrs. T. R., died, 373
Raymond, Benj. C, vice president
board of trade, 240

David. 299
Read, M. R, 240
Rechenberg, Rev., Lutheran pastor,

169
Rechtmayor, Coenraet, wife buried,

135 ; child buried, 136
Record, Mrs. M. A., died, 377
Recruiting officer represented, 118
Rector, H., architect, 172, 324; candi-
date for office, 349 ; head of old

hunkers, 322
Redhook, sta^e, 249
Rediff, Anna Sixberry, buried, 137
Redlif, Jacobus, child buried, 133, 136,
137, 138 ; Jobs, wife. Sella, bu-
ried, 137 ; Johs. daughter buried,
138 ; buried, 146

Joseph, child buried, 138

Labrej'h, child buried, 132

Ragel. buried, 142

Willem. buried, 135 ; son buried,
133
Redman, Philo, murdered, 384
Rees, Andries, freeholder, 266

John, freeholder, 266

Jonat, freeholder, 266

Wm., freeholder, 266
Reformed German church, 166

Protestant Duich church, 148

See Dutch church.
Reid, John, founds school, 203
Relay, Mrs. Robert, died, 344
Reminiscences of Presbyterian church,

175
Rennie, Willem, drowned, 356
Rensselaer county, set off, 199
Renselaer, Hendk., buried, 137

Jeremiah, administrator, 161. See
Van Rensselaer
Rensselaer's stein, protest against, 31,

82, 33
Rensselaerville and Schoharie plank

road, organized, 377; incorporated,

416

Index,

Eeneselaerville, continued —

193 ; population, 1T90, 191 ; stage,
254 ; taxable inhabitants, 1795,
193

Rensselaerwyck, 33, 40, 67, 92 ; codi-
rectors of, 16; colonie formed,
16 ; colony of, 9 ; derivation of
name, 187 ; emigrant ship, 70 ; first
settlers, 64 ; Fort Orange belonged
to, 97; its progress, 20, 21, 22;
lands adjoining Fort Orange be-
longed to, 97 ; manor of, 193 ; mills
erected in, 35 ; partnership interest
in, 43 ; population 1790, 191 ; unin-
jured by the war, 37 ; wheat pro-
duct, 64 ; emigrant ship, 66

Republican (democratic) vote, 228;
meeting of foreisners, 335

Restless, discoveries of, 12

Reust, Catharine, 43
Marg't, 43

Revolutionary scene 1778, 317

Reynolds, John, 242

John H., bank director, 298
M. T., propeller, 362

Rhinebeck stage, 249, 251, 252

Rhode Island, in vote for constitu-
tion, 229

Rhynland foot defined, 152

Richards, John T., died, 335

Richardson, died, 364

Riclimoud county returns, 228

Ridder, Cornells, buried, 138

Hendk, child buried, 132, 133, 136,

137
Symon, buried an officer, 147

Riddle, Hugh, died, 330

Ridgeway, Mary, died, 328

Riggs, Capt., 322

Riley, Mrs. James, died, 360

Ripse, Nicholas, justice, 197

River closed, 351; 1848, 329; low
water, 366; navigation, improve-
ment of, 241 ; open, 331, 333; 1849,
358 ; opening and closing of, 216

Rivers and creeks, 195

Riviere van den Vorst Mauritius, 11

Roarke, Charles, died, 351

Roberts, Amy, died, 331

Capt. B. 8., bravery of, 333
William, died, 328

Robertsons, first printers here, 166

Robinson, James, died, 375
Joseph, died, 350

Robison & Hale, merchants, 214
John, bank director, 293

Rochester steam boat, tonnage of, 242

Rock, Thomas, died, 326

Rodgers, John, stage, 248

Rodman, John, 299

Roe, Hannah, died, 365
James R., died, 365

Roelifl'sen, Gerrit, 139 ; buried, 145
Jobs, daughter buried. 139; son
Gerrit buried, 139. See Roolifse.

Roeyland man buried by Johs Peye, 146
Roff-, Christina, 164
Rogers, William, Jr., 140
Roller, Andreas, 163
Romaine, B. F., published Daily Mes-
senger, 362
Roman, Adam, 164
Roman Catholics, 276

law in force at Albany, 18
Romayn, Francois, 43
Rombelie, Jonethan, buried, 131
Romeyn, John B., Presbyterian pas-
tor, 172; proposes grammar Bchool,

207
Roolifse, Albert, freeholder, 268

Hendrick, freeholder, 267. See
Roeliftsen.
Roorback, Arthur, founds school, 203
Roosa, Dr. Cornelius, 254
Root, Lyman, bank director, 295
Rose, Mr. John, 258
Roseboom, Asueros, wife buried, 139

Catalyntie, son buried, 141

Deborah, buried, 142

Gerret, freeholder, 264; daughter
buried, 132 ; buried, 136

Gerritie, buried, 140

Gysbert, buried, 142 ; child buried,
135

Hend. M., child buried, 136

Hendk, freeholder, 264; child
buried, 134; daughter Debora
buried, 139 ; buried, 144

Hendrick H., buried, 140; child
buried, 134, 135, 136

Jacob, freeholder, 263 ; wife buried,
146 ;■ child buried, 131, 132, 135

Johannis, freeholder, 264; church
elder, 101, 104, 105; lieutenant,
197 ; buried, 138

[Doxter] John, buried, 144

John G., wife buried, 143

Maria, buried, 137; daughter bu-
ried, 137

Mindert, freeholder, 264 ; church
officer, 101, 104, 105; buried, 131

residence, 311, 313
Roseboom' 8 inn, 250
Roseman, Johannis, freeholder, 266
Rosendal, 69
Rosevelt, Isaac, 228
Rosie, Elizabeth, buried, 132

Jan, buried, 136

John, freeholder, 263
Rosier, Richard, died, 332
Ross, John, 259

Rosse's telescopes, lecture on, 328
Rottly, Jacob, 165
Rouse, Casper, freeholder, 265
Rowley, Charles N., 300
Royal Americans, at the Flats, 113
Ruby, John Conrad, Lutheran elder,

154 ; trustee, 157, 163, 165
Rudes, Jason, died, 356
I Mrs. Jason, died, 368

Index.

417

Rum shops, presented by grand jury,
332

Eunners employed to learn habits of
Indians, 12

Euss, John G., drowned, asS

Eussell, Charles, drowned, 367

Joseph, director academy, 204, 205
Martha, died. 3&4
Eobert C„ died, 379
Mrs. Eobert C died, 372
T. and J., found school, 203

Eust, David, law student, 299

Eutesmayor, Coenradt, buried, 141

Eutgers, "Herman, 73 : his lot, 102

Eutgersen, Evckert, 70

Eutland stage', 249

Euttenkil, 42, 158, 185, 195 ; grading of,
184

Euyckman, Albert, assistant alder-
man, 63. See Eyckman.

Euyter, Claes Jansen, 71
Fredk. Jr., buried, 139
Philip, buried, 139

Eyan, John, died, 364

Eyckman, Albert, freeholder. 264 ; first
alderman, 188 ; his seat in
church, 127 ; captain, 197 ; bu-
ried, 136. See Euyckman.
Albert, jr., 131

D., dausrhter Hettie buried. 136
Garret W., bank director, 296
Harmanis, freeholder, 263; buried,

145
Neeltie, buried, 136
Peter, freeholder, 263; buried,

142; wife buried, 132
Pieter, child buried, 134
Tobyas, freeholder, 263; wife bu-
ried, 1.38 ; child buried, 132
Wilhelmus, child buried, 138
Willem, child buried, 139

Eyckse, Jobs, wife buried, 140

Eycksen, Evert freeholder, 267

Gerrit, freeholder, 267 ; wife bu-
ried, 141 ; daughter bnried, 133
Maes, fi-eeholder, 267

Eyckser, Evert, freeholder, 267 ; bu-
ried, 142; son buried, 133

Eye, price of, 324, 326

Eyersen, Jan, 70

Eyerssen's island, 68

Eykerson, Geritie, buried, 141

Sabbath evening school, 1816, 167;

school statistics, 330
Sacandaga river, head waters of Hud-

son,'"221
Sacrament scoffed at, 77
Saddle and harness-makers, 232
Sagisguwa, Indian sachem. 15
Sailmakers in procession. 230
St. Andrew's Society, 245
St. Christopher, 259 ; sloop voyage to,

357

St. John, Christian Mary, died, 356
St. John's Lutheran church, 169

Uriah, died, 360

stage, 251
St. Loiiis. first telegraph from, 328
St. Patrick's dav. celebrated, 333, 358
St. Peter's church, 17.51, 310
St. Vincent, feast of, 341 ; orphan fair,

355
Salisbury, Captain, commander at
Albany, 98

Frank, freeholder, 267

Major, has use of pasture, 98 ^

Mrs. William, died. 343
Salmon found by Hudson, 2

taken in river, 370
Salomonse, Chatie, buried, 138
Salomonse. Jan. buried, 133
Salsberry. William, 2.59
Sampson. Thomas, assaulted, 324
Sanburne's inn. 250
Sandbar stage, 251
Sander. Mr., see Glen.
Sanders. Barent, freeholder, 263 ;
buried, 147 ; wife buried, 136

Elsje, buried. 134

Jacob. 312

John. 286, 287 ; his lot, 311. 314

Eobert, child buried, 138, 141.
142 : son Barent buried. 146 ; wife
buried, 137 ; his pasture. 99, 103
Sandlake plank road election. 373
Sands. Lent & Co.. circus, 338
Sandy Hill stage, 251
Sanford, Cornells, child buried, 142

Giles, bank director, 296

William, died. 373
Sannahagog, tract purchased. 15
Santford, Cornells, child buried, 147

Staets. buried, 146
Santvoord. Anthony. 164
Sapanakock island." 68
Saratoga county, set off, 192

towns in, 248
Saratoga, population 1790. 191 ; mine-
ral springs, 194; first stage to,

249
Sargent, Epes, poem by, 326

Parker, police justice, 366
Satinet factory, 19«0
Saul, Eev. George, Lutheran pastor,

168
Savage's point stage, 251
Savannah, stages to, 250
Saveiy, William, Quaker preacher, 123
Savings bank, 1823, 276
Saw mills, 57, 67 ; 1639, 35 ; 1749, 45

at Coeymans, 71
Saxhorn performers, 365
Saxton, Mr., lecture of, 359
Sayles, Charles, died. 339
Schaatkooke freeholders 1720, 267
Schaats, Ann eke S., 94

Aneke, sent to her husband, 126

Bartolomeus, 94

418

Index.

Schaats, Eev. Gideon, account of, 93 ;
his house, 316 ; reconciled to
Dom. Eensselaer, 125; services
required at Kingston, 124; term-
of ministiy, 88 ; applies for a suc-
cessor, 81, 126 ; children of, 94 ;
death, 80, 127
Reynier, killed, 94

Schaghticoke, post to, 247 ; population
1790, 191

Schausrhnaughtada. Indian name of
Albany, 186

Schenck, Isbrand, 43
Wessel, 9

Schenectady, 246 ; bond of aldermen,
286 ; burning of, 71 ; definition of
name, 186; 'Dellius to preach at,
127 ; destruction of, 319 ; foot com-
pany, 198; freeholders, 1720, 264;
heir-loom in, 261 ; population 1790,
191 ; rail road returns, 380 ; require
services Dom. Schaats, 125; stage
to, S48, 249, 250 ; post to, 247 ; post
road. 248 ; settled by Van Curler,
41, 64; taxable inhabitants, 1795,
193; violation of sabbath in, 127

Schepenen, 19

Schermerhorn, Arent, freeholder, 265
Cornelis, freeholder, 264. 266
Jacob, freeholder, 265, 268
Jacob Jansen, property confis-
cated, 75
Jacob, Jr., freeholder, 368; buried

at Papsknee, 138
James L., died, 365
Jan, freeholder, 265
John W., federalist, 228
Maritie, buried, 133
Ryer, 286, 287

Scherimerhorn's inn, 251 ; pasture, 103

Scherp, Guisbert, freeholder, 266
Johannis, freeholder, 266
Lawrence, freeholder, 266
Thomas, daughter buried. 136 ; son
Tomie buried, 137 ; wife buried,
142

Schlessinger, Max, Jewish rabbi, 179

Schloss, Moses, 245

Schmidt, Caroline, died, 335

Frederick William. Lutheran pas-
tor, 169 ; died, 169

Schodack, 252

landing, ice obstructed at, 217

Schoharie creek, 68

Schoharie, population 1790, 191 ;
stage, 254 ; taxable inhabitants
1795, 193; plank road company,
361, 371

School appropriation 1795, 207

School, cost of, 384

Schoolcraft, John L., bank director,
296 ; nominated for congress, 347 ;
elected to congress, 349

Schoolmaster, early, 71

Schoon, Rolf, son James, buried, 141

Schoonhoven, Dirk B., daughter bu-
ried. 146
Schoonmaker, Johannis, buried at

Papsknee, 133 ; child buried, 133

John, died, 365
Schot, Angeneetie, child buried, 137
Schout fiscaal, or sheriff, 19
Schredell, Lowis, buried, 140; child

buried, 133
Schroon river, head waters of Hudson,

221
Schureman. Coonradt, freeholder, 266
Schut, Mindert, freeholder, 267
Schutt, Solomon, freeholder, 266
Schuyler, Abram, freeholder, 264

Abraham, 84 ; law student, 299

Alida, married, 38 ; buried, 133

Arent, his seat in church, 126

Captain John, sent to Canada, 95

Captain Philip, his seat in church ,
125

Col. Philip, 258

David, freeholder, 264 ; first alder-
man, 63, 188; lot of widow, 102;
wife buried, 131

David A., child buried, 135, 136,
139

Gen. Philip, 254, 292 ; builds canals,
215

Hai-manis, child buried, 132

Harmanus P., 84 ; bank clerk, 291

Jacobus, buried at the Hogeberg,
135

Jacobus, son buried. 141, 146

Jeremiah, buried, 144

Jeremias. child buried. 133 ; daugh-
ter buried at Flats, 139

Johannis, freeholder, 263; lieute-
nant, 198 ; his seat in church,
126 ; buried, 137, 140 ; wife bu-
ried, 136

Jobs, Jr., buried at Flats, 137;
child buried at Flats, 124, 134,
137 ; buried, 140

Jobs iST., buried, 145

Lawrence L., died, 332

Madame, 114

Maj. Gen., in celebration 1788, 229

Mar}', widow Samuel, died, 338

Mindert, freeholder, 263 ; buried,
145 ; wife buried, 141

Nicholas, freeholder, 265; buried,
142

Peter, Col., 101, 197; buried, 132 ;
witness to church patent, 113 ;
entitled to seat in church, 126;
first mayor, 63, 160, l&S, 197,
213: freeholder, 268; child bu-
ried. laS, 134, 135, 136, 137, 140,
141, 144

Pieter, child buried, 140

Pieter Davids, wife buried, 141

Pieter, Jr., buried, 144

Philip, freeholder, 264

Philip, Jr., his seat in church, 126

Index,

419

Schuyler, Philip P., 84

Richard, arrested, 324

Sanuake, buried, 140

Sara, buried near her residence by
Pieter, 137

Sarah, widoAv of Harmanus P., 336

Thos., vice president board of
trade, 240

arms, 86

family, influence of, 189

fiats, 113
Schuylers, house of, 312
Schuylkill, discovered by Dutch, 12
Schwartz, David, died, 357
Schwertfeger, Mr., Lutheran minister,

155
Scipio, stage, 249
Scnapion, Captain, commander at

Albany, 98
Scoresby, Rev. Dr., lecture of, 328
Scotia, settled by Glen, 71
Scott, Elizabeth, died, 348
Scove], Nelson W., city marshal, 335
Scraftbrd, George H., died, 358
Scrymser, James, founded school, 203
Scuth, Jan Willemsen, 76
Sears and Peck's inn, 250
Seceders, 276; have a church, 167
Second Ward, freeholders, 1720, 263
Sedgwick, Henry D., law student, 299

Robert, law student, 299

Roderick, 262

Theodore, 200, 299
Seeger, Evert, child buried, 143

fiend k, wife buried, 146

Johs, two girls buried, 134, 135,
145

Roelif, son Johs buried, 146 ; wife
bm-ied, 143

Thomas, child buried, 143; wife
buried, 144
Seehling, Henry, Jewish rabbi, 179
Scene, Jacob, buried, 141
Seger family, 74. See Sieger.
Segers, Cornells, 75 ; forbidden to
brew, 36

Jannitje, married, 75

Johs, interment by, 134

Johs, Jr., wife buried, 146
Semesseeck, purchased, 15
Seneca stages, 250
Senecas, 13

Sentence of banishment, 1644, 39
Servants principally negroes, 60
Serviss, Mrs. William, died, 351
Settlers in Rensselaerswyck, names

of, 64
Seward, Wm. H., delivers eulogy, 335 ;

nominated for senator, 336
Sewing machine, advent of, 359
Sexagenary, 318
Sexton's lees and duties, 176
Seymour, Robert M., died, 363

William, bank director, 296 ; first
collector of customs, 241

Shaftsbury, 252

Shaker road, omnibus on, 324

Shakers, charity of, 349

Shallow, Mary Teresa, 382

Sharp, John, buries French child, 131

Peter, ^45
Sharts, Col. John, eulogy by, 340
Shattuck, Mrs. Grace H., died, 363
Shaver, Lucretia, died, 371
Shaw, D. D., purchases large oxen,
357

Joseph, professor, 200, 255

Julia Ann, died, 350

widow of Milo, died, 374
Sheep husbandry, 194
Sheflield stage, 250
Sheldon. Gaylor, bank director, 296
Shephard lot, 311, 312
Sheridan, David, died, 379

killed, 373
Sheriff's posse go to Berne, 330
Sherman, Watts, cashier, 296 ; stable

burnt, 348
Sherp, Tomas, child buried, 135
Ship fever, new epidemic, 325

joiners in procession, 231
Shipboy, Thomas, his house, 313
Shipley, S. H., died, 369
Shipping 1823, 278
Shueyder, Daniel, 164
Shoemaker, Mr., store robbed, 328
Shoes, want of in the colony, 31
Shrove Tuesday misdemeanors, 125
Sickel, Zacharias, child buried, 135,
140 ; wife buried, 139

James, died, 367
Sickonssen, Indian sachem, 15
Sidnem, George, freeholder, 266
Sieger, Evert, child buried, 139

Johs, son buried, 139
Sieskasin, 67
Signs abridged, 364
Sihans, Hans, freeholder, 266
Sikenekomptas, Paep, Indian sachem,

15
Sill, John, cashier, 298

Richard, federal candidate, 235
Silversmiths in procession 1788, 230
Silvester, Peter, 258
Simonds, Collins W., died, 383
Simons, John, died, 375
Simonse, Gerrit, freeholder, 265

Jno. Wm., freeholder, 266

Johannis, freeholder, 268

Volkert, freeholder, 265
Simpson, Mr., lecture on Ireland, 361
Singer, Elizabeth, died, 368
Singerlant, Albert, freeholder, 268
Sisters of charity, fair of, 355
Sixberry, Anna, daughter of Billy,
buried, 137

Billy, buried, 136

Evert, child buried, 1.38
Skeensborough stage, 251 ; difficulty

of travel to 1796, 210

420

Index,

Skippers in procession, 233

Slack, John, died, 374

Slaghboom, Antonia, 40

Slave population, 191

Slaves in 1823, 280

Sleighing, first, 1847, 328 ; first, 1848,

351, 352
Slingerland, Arent, child buried, 139
Cornells, buried, 144
Jobs, child buried, 140
Mrs. Douw B., died, 363
Tennis, Go ; settler, 187 ; buried,
139 ; child buried, 132 ; wife bu-
ried, 138. See Singerlant.
Sloop Experiment, voyage to China, 261
Miriam, quick trip, 359
Nancy, trip of, 2G0
navigation, head of, 271
speed of, 222
traveling, 208

voyages to West Indies, 257; to
China, 261
Sloops, number in port, 325
Sloughter, Col. Henry, 97
Smackx island, 15, 16
Smit, Mr., child buried, 144
Smitd, Tarn, child buried, 143
Smith, Adam, freeholder, 265
& Boardman, builders, 293
Caroline, child stealer, 337
Cornells Tomassen, 69
George, drowned, 364
Israel, bank director, 295
James Stanley, editor, 321
Jeremiah, died, 342
John B., died, 368
Mrs. Israel, Jr., 366
Nicolas, freeholder, 266
Peter, 245
Eev. Dr., president Union College,

176
Stephen R., Universalist pastor,

180
Thomas Sanderssen, 77
William, bank director, 296
inn, 250, 251
Smoke, foot racer, 326
Snow, 346, 351, 357
Snow shoes, 319
Snuft' factory, 237,240
Snyder, H. W., engraver, 200
Society of Arts, 274

of Friends, account of, 181
Soil of county, 193
Solomons, Jan, his lot, 102
Solomonse, Jno, freeholder, 264

Levi, tobacconist, 238
Somers, Mrs. John, 345
Souldeh, Anna Maria, died, 370
South America, steam boat, 322

Baptist Society, 352 ; church open-
ed, 360
Market street, business of, 271
Pearl street, formerly Washington,

Southwick, Solomon, bank president,
294 ; his printing office, 313 ; law
student, 299
Mrs. Solomon, 312
Spafibrd's account of Albany, 269, 280 ;
his theory of river obstructions,
222
Special sessions established, 360, 361
Spencer, Ambrose, 299; address on,
355 ; died, 332; buried, 333; monu-
ment to, 362
John C, agricultural address, 345;
his house, 333
Spencertown stage, 250
Spierinck, Cornells, 72

Jacques, 65 ; settler, 187
Spikerman, Bastian, freeholder, 266
Spinger, son buried, 145
•Spoor, Isaac, freeholder, 267
Sporborg, Lewis, 245
Sportsmen's club organized, 338
Spouts to houses, 281
Sprague, T. D., died, 377

William B., 255
Sprecher, Samuel P., Lutheran minis-
ter 155
Springfield stage, 249, 253
Springs, 195

Sprager, Jacob, child buried, 145
Sprugert, David, child buried, 146
Squire, Stephen, died, 367
Staats (see Staes), Dr. Abraham, 73,
312 ; his garden, 99, 103 ; sells lot
to Lutherans, 151 ; embarked,

Barent, freeholder, 268; buried,

at Hoghbergh, 143 ; son buried,

142; daughter buried at Hoge-

bergh, 134

Barent A., child buried, 140

Barent, Jr., son buried, 139; wife

buried, 142
Dr. Abram, 73, 312
Eysabell, buried, 139
Henry, 84

Jacob, freeholder, 263 ; buried, 135
Jochim, of Hooge Berg, 75, 84 ; first
alderman, 188; his seat in church,
127 ; assistant alderman, 63
Mr., sells his negro man, 259
Mrs. William N., died, 340
William, 84

house, on State street, 312
inn, 250
Staatsburgh stage, 251
Stadt House, its location, 183
Staes, see Staats.
Stafl"ord, Mrs. Harriet, died, 365
Spencer, bank director, 294
Stage and mail routes in olden time,
246
fare, 246, 247, 249
Stages in 1823, 276
Staging run out, 253, 254
Stained glass windows, 128

Index.

421

Stansbuiy, Arthur Jos., Presbyterian

pastor, 172, 255
Stanton, George W., bank director,

295, 296 ; died, 360
Stanwix Hall, first bethel in, 177, 178

John, died, 322
Staple right claimed by Coorn, 32
Starr, Henry, law student, 299
State Hall, described, 275; location of,
163 ; lot purchased, 159 ; its pur-
poses, 189
Medical Society, meeting of, 330
Normal school quinquennial, 376 ;
account of, 206 ; annual examina-
tion, 346; bill passed, 335; ex-
amination, 321 ; first principal
died, 329
street, 164 ; 1792, 310, 311 ; average

frade, 270; burial ground, 130;
ridge sermon on, 177

States-General, commission adventur-
ers, 9

Stealing, how punished, 1644, 40

Steam boat, first up, 329 ; landing de-
signated, 355 ; site of Fort Orange,
257 ; impeded, 359 ; race, 337 ;
South America, caused accident,
370 ; speed, 367

Steam boats, 1823, 276

Steamer Alida, quick trip, 367
New World, first trip, 364
Oregon, early boat, 359

Stearns, John, 203, 255 ; founds school,
204

Steele, Mrs. Samuel, died, 357
Oliver, bank director, 296

Steeprock, foot racer, 326

Steinhuys, James, wife buried, 141;
child buried, 141

Stephentown, 252; population, 1790,
191

Step stone of the church, its location,
129

Stern, Myer, 245

Steveniersen, Arent, 69

Stevens, Dr. Alex. H., pres. society, 330
Jonathan, freeholder, 264
Robert L., steam boat, 217
Samuel, bank director, 296

Stevenson, Abraham (Croaet), 70
Douw & Ten Eyck, nail makers,

236
James, his oflice, 306; son buried,

J 42, wife buried, 138
John, 245, 258 ; bank director, 289 ;
his residence, 305 ; warden, 310,
311, 312; family residence, 305;
house, account of, 305

Stewart, Mrs. Adam, died, 357
Ann, died, 383
G., founds school, 203
John G., died, 373
candidate, 349. See Stuart

Stillwater, population 1790, 191 ; stage,
251

36

stockades erected, 11 ; object of, 271 ;

of 1745, 280 ; location of, 313 ; lines

of, 182, 184
Stockbridge stage, 249
Stoddard, Ashbel, 231
StofTelsen, Ryer, 71
Stol, Jacob Jansen, ferry master, 64 ;

settler, 187
Stone gestukken; or guns, 186

& Henly, 321

house in Green street, 235
Stoney point, 76
Stores in 1789, 236
Storrs, E. P., 299
Stover, Jacob, freeholder, 266
Stoves unknown in 1749, 53
Strakosch, pianist, 363
Street barricaded with chains, 176
Streets in 1789, 281; narrow, 209;

number of, 189 ; paved in 1749, 55
Stringer, Samuel, Dr., 254, 258, 259
Strong, William N., bank director,

298
Strong's inn, 251

Stuart, Gilbert, bank director, 293
Sturgeon, 51

Stuward, John, buried, 135
Stuyvesant, Gen. Petrus, became go-
vernor, 37; disturbs colony, 188;

took ground for Fort Orange, 97 ;

arrests Schermerhorn, 75; com-
plaints against, 66 ; permits Luth-

theran worship, 149
Styker, Nicos, freeholder, 266
Suckers, great haul of, 377
Sullivan, Thos., killed, 342
Summers, John, died, 340
Sunday collections in old church, 128

Dutchman appeared, 365; trade

prohibited during sermon time,

125 ; trains discontinued, 340 ;

suspension of, 329

Sunnyside, old irons from Albany,

304
Susquehanna rail road, office, site old

fort Orange, 257
Sutherland, Jacob, 299
Swallow, steam boat, 217
Swart, Dirk, antifederalist, 228

Esays, freeholder, 265

Wouter, freeholder, 265
Swarthout, Cornells, buried, 140
Swart's inn, 251
Swartw^out, Roeloff, 65
Sweers, Isaac, 43
Sweetsen, Barens, 90
Swinton, Isaac, first recorder, 63, 188
Swiss emigrants, 337
Swits, Isaac, daughter buried, 134

Tjerck, buried, 137
Switzs, Coruelis, freeholder, 264 ;
daughter Femmitie buried, 132

Hester, buried, 147 ; son buried,
134

Isaac, son buried, 134, 135, 140

422

Index,

Switzs, Jacob, freeholder, 265

Simon, freeholder, 265
Symonse, Johs, wife Susanna buried,

136
Symsbury stage, 250
Synagogues first organized, 179
Synod of Albany, 377
Syracuse stage, 253

Taggart, Rev. Mr., ordained, 369
Tailors in procession, 231
Takelsen, Derrick, freeholder, 267
Talbot, Philip, church trustee, 148
Talcott, Daniel W., died, 364

S. v., 131
Tallman, Alice Adaline, wife of Jona-
than, died, 332
Tanners and curriers, 232
Tappin, Martha, died, 322
Tarbell, Nathaniel, killed, 357
Tawalsontha creek, fort erected on, 13
Tawassgunshee, fort erected at, 13
Tax for war expenses 1688, 320
Tayler, John, bank president, 292
Taylor, Ann, died, 338

& Fillmore, nomination, 3.39

Gen., indignation meeting, 343

James, president St. Andrews So-
ciety, 245

John, nominated for mayor, 334 ;
elected mayor, 335

John W., law student, 299

Lansing G., bank director, 296

Robert, died, 330

Zachary, arrived, 374

ticket elected, .S19

vote cast for, 350
Tea, introduced about 1700, 60
Teall, Edward M., died, 360
Telegraph announcements, 377 ; posts

permitted, 375 ; results of, 349
Telegraphic feat, 329, 352
Teller, Andries, commissaris, 151

Willem, wife buried, 134; wife's
sister buried, 136

Johaunis, freeholder, 265
Temperance Pavilion, erected, 364
Temperature 1802, 195

described by Kalm, 53

high, 364, .366

low, 326, 327, 330, 349, 352, 355, 357,
369
Temple, Col. Robert E., returned from

Mexico, 344
Ten Broeck, Abraham, child buried,
145; ships horses, 259; bank
director, 289; bank president,
291 ; federalist, 228

Anna, buried, 134

Christiena, buried, 1.33

Dirck, freeholder, 264; child bu-
ried, 133, 134, 136; buried, 134,
143

Ten Broeck, Dirk, church deacon, 104,
105 ; church officer, 101

Dirk Wessels, 160

Gen., foundations of mansion
found, 340

Johannis, freeholder, 263; child
buried, 132, 134, 135, 146

Saml., freeholder, 266 ; buried, 145

Tobias, freeholder, 266

Wessell, freeholder, 264, 267 ; lieu-
tenant, 197
Ten Eyck, Abraham, 84

Anthony, anti-federalist, 228

Coenraet, freeholder, 263 ; buried,
144; daughter Catrina buried,
137 ; daughter Gertie buried, 138

Conrad A., candidate for assembly,
,322; died, 363

Geertie, buried, 135

Harmanus, founds school, 203

Hendrick, freeholder, 131, 264;
son buried, 134

Jacob, child buried, 84, 135, 140

Jacob B., child buried, 134, 136, 139

Jacob C, child buried, 139

Jacob H., child buried, 137, 142 ;
bank president, 291

Johs, child buried, 142, 143, 145

Maj. JohnD. P., 2.32

Margaret, married, 301

Mrs. Abraham, has ancient china
set 261

Mrs. William, died, 346

Peter, 68

Tobias, child buried, 143
Terbush, Capt. Henry, killed, 376
Teunise, Cornells, his seat in church,
127

Claes, 75

Gerrit, captain, 198

Jan, 72

Jannetje, 72. See Theunisse.
Texel, colonists sail from, 17, 187
Thacher, George H., bank director,

298
Thaile, Frederick, 165
Thanksgiving day, 384
Theunisse, Dirck, justice, 197

Eghbert, justice, 197

Gerryt, justice, 197
Thickstone, Jereme, freeholder, 265
Thies, Edward, house robbed, 378
Third Presbyterian church edifice, a

bethel, 178; location of first edi-
fice, 205
Third R. P. Dutch church, installation,

351 371
Third ward, freeholder, 1720, 264
Thomas, David, died, 351

Edward, died, 376

George L., shot, 348

John, bank director, 296

John, Jr., died, 351

Mrs. M. J., died, 361

Sarah, died, 326

Index,

423

Thomasse, Johannes, 98; (Mingael?)

ensign, 197
Thompson, Dr. Alex. H., vice presi-
dent, soc. 330

Gilbert L.. 299

Israel, anti-federalist, 228

Jane D., died, 351

John, assemblyman, 335

Judge, 299

Mrs. Alexander, died, 360

Richard, died, 335

Smith, trustee of Academy, 200
Thorn, S. T., store burnt. 338
Thorp, Aaron, bank director, 295

& Sprague, stagers, 253
Thuurick, Jacob, 1(54
Tides described by Kalm, 52

velocity of, 222
Tierney, Owen, died, 3T2
Tiers, Johan, 66
Tiffney, Ezekiel, 164
Ti^er, trading vessel, 9
Tile kiln owned by Herbertsen, 72

makers, early, 302
Tiles brought from Holland, 55
Tillman, John, builds church, 163, 166

Margaretta, 163
Tillotson, Thomas, bank director, 293
Timber, import of, 302
Timmons, John, killed, 351

Eldert, freeholder, 267
Tinsmiths in procession, 230
Tioga county, set off, 192
Tivoli flour, price of, 372

hollow, fire at, 325
Toasts at Constitutional celebration,

1788, 234
Tobacco found with Hudson river

Indians, 3, 4, 5 ; establishment,

1790, 236, 238 ; burnt, 240
Tobacconists in procession, 231
Toll, Carle Hanse, freeholder, 265

Daniell, freeholder, 265
Tomassen, Barent, 64 : settler, 187

Cornells, Smith, 69
Tomhannic, post to, 247; church at,

154
Tompkins, Sarah, died, 334
Tonawanda, stage, 250
Tontine, 312
Topp, John, died, 357

William Duncan, died, 348
Topping, Mrs. Sylvester, died, 358
Tory execution, 317, 318
Tower, Charlemagne, 300
Town Hall in 1749, 55
Townsend, Dr. Charles D., died, 328

Franklin, bank president, 294

Isaiah, his lot in State street, 293

John, bank director, 295

Mrs. John, died. 371

Mrs. Stephen, died, 362
Townsend's furnace, large cast, 374
Tracey, Catharine, died. 374
Tracy, John, chairman, 337

Trade in 1789, 282; 1796, 284; begun

with Indians, 12 ; and commerce,

190
Trading house, dimensions of, 186;

first erected, 11
Traub, Vise, Jewish rabbi, 179
Travel between Troy and Albany,

1849, 376
Traveling in New York, 208
Traver, Stephen, died, 332
Tread well, Conrad, died, 366

George C, fur shop burnt, 347
Treaty with Five Nations, 14
Trees of Albany, 1749, 51, 52
Trinity church, occupied by Baptists,

352 ; opened, 356 ; sold, 360 ; took

fire, 382 ; New York, its property

coveted, 96
Trotter, Capt. Matthew, transports
specie, 292

widow of Gen. Matthew, died, 368

John H., copies records, 96
Trotting match, 347
Troy Budget, eloquent on the weather,
325 ; ancient post rider, 252

Iron and Nail Works, 278

owned by Vanderheyden, 304 ; seat
of staging operations, 253 ; stage
1796, 247 ; seen from Albany, 185
Truax's inn, 250
Trueax, Abram, freeholder, 265

Andries, 286, 287

Henry, 814

Isaac, 84 ; law student, 299

T. W., killed, 327
Truesdell, Martin, died, 369
Tubbs, Erectus, died, 362
Tucker, Mark, 255

Ferry, died, 344
Tufts, Joshua, bank director, 295
Tapper, Capt. G. D., 322
Turners in procession, 232
Tuscameatick, Indian name for Green-
bush, 24
Tweddle & Darlington, check forged,
326

John, 240 ; bank president, 298

Hall, built, 315
Twenty-fifth reo:iment encamp, 377
Tyler, Annia Maria, wife B. O., died

334
Tymese, Marietie, buried at Nistaga-
yoene, 133

Bastiaen, child buried, 141
Tyssen, Claes, 72

Jan, settler, 187 ; trumpeter, 15, 64

Uldrigh, Johannis, freeholder, 266
Ulster county returns, 228
Union Bank, organized, 298

Mission Sunday School, 328

School, founded, 202
Unitarian church. Dr. Dewey left, 362 ;

ordination, 309; Dewey, pastor, 352

424

Index.

United New Netlierland company, 11,
12 ; charter expired, 13

United States circuit court, 323
constitution, 229

Universalist church, account of, 180 ;
settled pastor, 348; pastor in-
stalled, 351 ; tea party, 357

Updike, William, died, 342

Uranian Hall, 278

Utica, distance of, 280 ; stage to, 253
steam boat, 217, 218

Uylenspiegel, Claes Teunissen, 75

Vagabonds sent over as colonists, 59
Vail, Charles C, died, 322

Samuel, died, 367
Valkenburgh, Hend., freeholder, 268

Jacob, freeholder, 268

Johannis, freeholder, 268

Lamert, freeholder, 266
Van Aelen, Jobs, wile buried, 138

Pieter, child buried, 138; buried,
142. See Van Alen
Van Aelstine Abram, freeholder, 266
Van AelstjTi, Isaac, buried, 139 ; child
buried, 135

Janetie, buried, 132

Maria, buried, 146. See Aelstjoi

Martyn, daughter buried, 141 ; son
MaVte buried, 145
Van Aeriiam, Mrs. Benjamin, died,
369

Hester, buried, 144
Van Aesdale, Dirk, child buried, 142
Van Ale, Lawrence, assistant alder-
man, 63, 188
Van Alen, Mrs. Conrad, died, 336

Evert, freeholder, 266

Jacobus, freeholder, 266

Johannis, freeholder, buried, 263,
266

Luykas. freeholder, 266

Maretie, buried, 135

Peter, freeholder, 265 ; daughter
Annake buried, 143

Stephanis, freeholder, 266

Wm. freeholder, 268
Van Allen, Jacob, 68

Cornelis, fi-eeholder, 268; child
buried, 138

Gysbert, buried, 139

Isaac, freeholder, 268

Jan, freeholder, 268 ; buried, 186

Marte, Junr.. freeholder, 268

Martin, ft-eeholder. 268 ; died, 359 ;
bank director, 296

Martynis C, buried, 139

Thomas, freeholder, 2^6
Van Amersfoort, Jan Dircksen, 71, 74
Van Amsterdam, Albert Jansen, 74

Jacob Jansen, 69

Guysbert Classen, 69
Van Antwei-p, John H., cashier, 294
Van Allen, Nicholaes,bttried, 133

Van Armen, Abram, child bnned,

133,137,145 ^ .„

Van Arnem, Jan, son buried, 139;

child buried, 138 .

Van Amum, Abraham, wife buried,

145 . ^_

Van Baal, J. H., church depositary, 12b
Van Baden, Hans Vos, 72
Van Baasle, Johan Helms, 73
Van Beaumont, Anna, 38
Van Beeck, Nicholaus, 42
Van Benthusen, Baltis, freeholder,
263 , _,.

Benjamin, died, 332; bank direc-
tor, 294

Catharine, died, 322

Catlyne, 131 ..

Gerret, child buried, 136; wife
buried, 136

Jacob, child buried, 141

John, 164
Van Bergen. Adriaen, 23

Elizabeth, died, 350

Gerrit. U

Martin Gerritsen, account of, &4 ;
settler, 187

MjTidert. 64
Van Bergh, Wynant C, child buried,

140
Van Berghen, Gerrit, freeholder, 267

Marte. freeholder. 267
Van Bersingeren, Adriaen Cornelis-

sen, 74
Van Beuren, Barent, child buried at
Papsknee, 137

Cornelis, son buried at Papsknee,
135

Marte, buried near his own house,
137

Pieter, son buried, 141 ; wife bu-
ried, 142

Willem, buried, 143 ; child buried
at Papsknee, 143
Van Brackelen. See Van Breuckelen
Van Brackell, Gerrit. freeholder, 265
VanBrakel, Guisbert, freeholder, 265 ;

child buried, 141
Van Breda, Claes Jansen, 72
Van Breman, Jan Jansen, 75
Van Breuckelen, Cornelis Teunissen,

20, 66, 67
Van Briestede, Tryntje Jansen. 69
Van Broeckhuysen, Michael Jansen,
68

Mauritz Jansen, 68
Van Brugge, Carl, 76
Van Brugh. Peter, freeholder, 263 ; bu-
ried, l37

Sara, buried, 137
Van Brunt, Rev., Rutger, installed,

351
Van Bunick. Gysbert Adriaensen, 71

Thomas Jansen, 69
Van Buren, Catharine M., 336

Cornelis, freeholder, 267

Index.

425

Van Buren, Dr. Peter, secretary me-
dical society, 330

Hendrick, 66

John, political speech of, 323 ;
speech of, 325

Maas, 66

Maasen Cornells Maessen, 66;
freeholder, 268 ; buried at Scho-
dack, 135

Martin, freeholder, 268 ; nominated
for president, 341 ; his residence,
305 ; vote for, 349

Mary Jane, died, 342

Mrs. John D., died, 373

Mrs. Smith T., 380

Peter, freeholder, 266

Steyntje, 66

Tobias, 66
Van Bylet, Hellegonda, 37
Van Campen, Jacob Jansen, 72
Van Ceureu, Barent, wife buried at

Papsknee, 138
Van Corlaer, Bennone, cornet, 198.

See Van Cui-ler.
Van Cortland, Oloff Stevensen, 37

Stephanus, 39
Van Cremyn, Joachim Kuttelhuys, 73
Van Cuelen, Mathais, 16
Van Curler, Areudt, assistant com-
missaris, 19 ; commissaris, 79 ;
commissary-general, 40; account
of him, 41 ; his death, 41 ;
magistrate of the colony, 64 ;
went to Holland, 32; colonial
secretary, 20; settler, 187, ISS;
aids Van der Donck, 34 ; orders
Van der Donck out of his house,
34 ; builds church, 92 ; effort to
injure, 27 ; drowned, 41

Beuoni, 198
Van d Zee, Antony, Annatie wife, bu-
ried, 142
Van de Heyden, Cornelia, buried, 132

David, child buried, 134, 143 ; son
Nanningh, buried, 136

Derrick, freeholder, 268; pur-
chased site of Troy, 304 ; buried,
136 ; child buried, 141, 145

Heer Antony, his residence, 304

Jacob, buried, 139; child buried,
132, 144 ; bank director, 289 ; his
residence, 302, 304 ; on bank com-
mittee, 290

Jacob Jobs, child buried, 145

Jacob Tyssen, 304

Jan Cornelissen, first settler, 304

Jochem, wife buried, 139

Jobs, child buried, 132; son Jo-
chim,buried,141 ; wife buried,144

Jobs D., child buried, 138

Maria, child buried, 145

Mattys, child buried, 136, 137, 138,
141
Van de Heyden, Ragel, buried, 144

palace, account of, 302

Vanden Bergh, Abram, child buried,

133, 146
Calyntie, daughter buried, 141
Chatriena, buried, 133
Cornelis, freeholder, 267: child

buried, 138, 142
Cornelis C, child buried, 135, 141
Cornelis M., child buried, 146
Gerit W., child buried, 134, 138
Gerret B., child buried at Papski-

nee 132 135
Gerrit C.,' child buried at Paps-
knee, 133, 134
Gerrit, freeholder, 268; sister of

wife, buried, 143
Gerrit G., son buried, 143
Guisbert, freeholder, 264; child

buried, 131; daughter Catrien

buried, 146
Johannis, freeholder, 263
Mattys, buried, 139 ; child buried

at Papsknee, 133
Mrs. G. G., died, 381
Mrs. John A., died, 351
Rutger, child buried, 145
Susanna, 138
Thunis, buried, 132
Volkert, child buried, 135, 141,

142, 145, 146
Wilhelmus, Jr., child buried, 143
Will, child buried, 141, 147
Willem Guysbert, two children

buried, 141
Willem H., child buried, 131
Willemhelmus, child buried, 135
Winant, freeholder, 264, 267 ; wife

Volckie buried, 140; daughter

Volkie buried. 137
Wynant C, child buried, 131, 134 ;

wife buried, 144
Vander Belt, Adriaen Teunissen, 72

Simon Walings, 69
Vander Blaes, Andries Herbertsen

Constapel, 72
Vander Bogart, Harmen, 66

Harman Mynderts, 75 ; died, 76
Myndert Harmanse, 182 ; his lots,

313
Vander Donck, Adriaen, 29, 74; ar-
rived, 72 ; sheriff of the colony, 23 ;
bad conduct of, 26, 27, 28 ; his Ver-
toogh, 69; complains of Stuyve-
sant, 66 ; office ceased, 34 ; his
description of Xew Netherland,
64, 69 ; his house burnt, 34 ; his
stud drovnaed, 73; occupied Cas-
tle island, 74
Vander Huygens, Cornelis, 31, 33
Vanderlip, Rev. Elias, died, 344

Philip, died, 333
Vander Poel, Abram, infant buried,

132 ; daughter buried, 134
Maria, died, 287
Tander Poel, Melgert, freeholder, 266
Winant, freeholder, 263

426

Index.

Vanderse, Killian, freeholder, 268

Wouter, freeholder, 268
Vander Volgen, Cornlis, freeholder,

265

John S., died, 341

Tunis, freeholder, 265
Van der Zee, Anthony, child buried,
138, 142, 147; wife buried, 138

Storm, 65

Willem, child buried, 140
Vandeuse, Melgert, freeholder, 268
Van Deusen, Abram, child buried, 136

Arent, child buried, 140, 145

Harpert, freeholder, 264; child
buried, 133; daughter buried,
134 \ wife buried, 132 ; Jacobse,
buried, 137

Johannis, freeholder, 266

Marya, buried, 142

Mattervis, child buried, 134

Melchert A., buried at Papsknee,
137. See Vendeuse.

Rob., freeholder, 266

William Jacobse, church officer,

101, 104, 105 ; buried, 133

Van Doom, Cornells Lambertsen, 73

Van Driesbergen, Gertrude Dries, 74

Van Driessen, Petrus, pastor of Dutch

church, 101, 104, 105; child bu-
ried, 131 ; Madame, buried, 145 ;

baptisms, by, 96; builds church,

86 ; his ministry, 82 ; his successor

how to be appointed, 109; term of

ministry, 88 ; buried, 136
Van Dublin, Jan Andriessen, 76
Van Duse, Abram, buried, 145

Nicos : freeholder, 266
Van Duesen, Abram, child buried, 136

Isaac, freeholder, 266

Eutger, buried at Papsknee, 133
Van Dyck, Anthony, buried, 136

Cornells, freeholder, 263; com-
missaris, 151 ; buried, 140 ; child
buried, 132 ; son buried, 135 ;
two daughters buried, 136 ; wife
Maria buried, 145

Cornelius, assemblyman, 235

David, freeholder 264 ; buried, 134
child bui'ied, 134

Herry, child buried, 144

Jacobus, freeholder. 265

Maria, buried, 137

witnesses, died, 152
Van Edam, Dirck Jansen, 68

Jan Michaelsen, tailor, 70

Rynier Tymansseu, 69

Tys Barentsen Schoonmaker, 69
Van Eechelen, Jan, 65
Van Eivere, Antie, buried, 131. See

Van Ey verse
Van Epps, Jno., Baptist, freeholder,

265
Van Eps, Evert, freeholder, 265
Van Es, Cornells HendrickseD,73

Elizabeth, 73

Van Eyvere, Marte, child buried,
147.

See Van Eivere
Van Francke, Abram, child buried,
145

Gerrit, child buried, 142, 143

Rickert, buried, 139. 140; wife
Annatie, buried, 144

Ulderick, buried, 146 ; child buried,
133 ; daughter buried, 146 ; wife
buried, 140. Sec Van Vranken
Van Franiker, Jan Terssen, 67
Van Frederickstad, Arent Andries-
sen, 68
Van Gertruydenburgh, Paulus Jansen,

73
Van Goesen, Jobs, child buried, 137
Van Hamelward, Adam Roelantsen,
71

Martin Hendricksen, 71
Van Harinckhouck, Johan, 16
Van Hoosen, Jacob, freeholder, 266

Harme, son Jan buried, 144 ; wife
buried, 139; child buried, 133

Harmen, son buried, 134

Hendk, child buried, 138

Jan, 77

Jan, freeholder, 76, 266

Jno., freeholder, 267

Johannis, Iteeholder, 266

Kasper, freeholder, 266

Maria, buried, 139

RjTiier, buried, 142

Rynier, child buried, 141

Volckart, ensign, 198

Volckert, buried, 132
Van Houser, Jane, 258
Van Houten, Roeloff Cornelissen, 71
Van Houtten, Jan Creyne, 74
Van Huysen, James B., 373
Van Ickensburgh, Lucas Smith, 73
Van Ingen, Jacob, 311, 313

Cap. Wm., 234, 260

James, 291
Van Ivera, Warner, freeholder, 263
Van Loan, Albert, 267

Jan, freeholder, 267

Jno., Jr. 267
Van Loon, Charles, 326

Jacob, 84

Jan, 126

Petrus, child buried, 142
Van Luyter, Arendt Teunissen, 74
Van Luj'derdorp, Juriaen Bestval, 73
Van Lybergen, Arnoudt, 9
Van Merkerk, (Nieuwkerk) Cornelia

Teunissen, 70
Van Munickendam, Pieter Cornelis-
sen, 20, 68
Van Nes, Aeltie, buried at Half Moon,
1.35

Catharina, buried, 137

Cornells, freeholder, 267 ; child bu-
ried, 142 ; Evert, freeholder, 267 ;
wife buried, 140

Index.

427

Yan Nes, Gerrit, freeholder, 264 ; child
buried, 138 : daughter buried,
134 ; wife Catlyntie, buried, 137

Hendk Gerret, child buried, 140

Hendrick G., buried, 143; wife
buried, 144 ; child buried, 142

Jan, buried, 141

John, Jr., died, 359

Judge, 299
Van Nieukerke, Brandt Peelen, alder-
man, 64, 187

Gerritje, 64

Lisbet, 64
Van Niewenhuysen, Rev. "Wilhelmus,

term of ministry, 88
Van Nordinge, Pieter Nicolaussen, 70
Van Nykerk, Claes Jansen, 69
Van O Linda, Capt. Abraham, killed,
321 ; remains received, 329 ;
funeral honors to, 340

Daniel, freeholder, 267

Dr. Peter, treasurer medical soci-
ety, 330

Jacob, freeholder, 265
Van Orden, Hezekiah, federalist can-
didate, 235
Van Ostrand, Chas., died, 323

Johannis, freeholder. 264

John, child buried, 136
Van Petten, Andries, freeholder, 265

Arent, freeholder, 265

Claes, freeholder, 265 ; his seat in
church, 127

Nicolas, 286, 287
Van Rensselaer, Barnard, his house,314

Cap., Hendrick, freeholder, 268

Domine, complaint against Leisler,
124

Domine N. refused pastor's seat
in church, 125

Eleanora, 37

Hellegonda, 37, 38

Henry, 257

Henry K., assemblyman, 235 ;
church elder, 101, 104, 105

Henry Wolters, 37

J. R., candidate, 349

Jan Baptiste, 37, 38

Jeremiah, 290; assemblj-man, 235;
bank director, 289 ; bank presi-
dent, 291 ; curator, 157; execu-
tor of Hartwick, 156, 158

Jeremiah H., buried, 133

Jeremias, 37, 38, 41

Jeremias, patroon buried, 138 ; ex-
ecutors of, 39

Johannes, second patroon, 37,
188 ; sends over Dom., Schaets,
93

Jobs, child buried at Greenbush,
136 ; daughter buried, 144 ; wife
buried, 140

Katie, buried, 133

Kiliaen, 29, 39, 42, 43, 80; pur-
chases first tract, 15, 16; pur-

Van Rensselaer, continued —

chases territory, 187; his rank
in the association, 16; sends
over Megapolensis, 89; agree-
ment Avith, 90 : justice, 197 ; his
garden, 99, 103; merchant of
Amsterdam, 27; captain, 198;
child buried. 137, 142, 143

Kiliaen K., 84; letter from, 128;
200 ; his house. 314

Mallie, 131

mansion, 270

Maria. 37. 38, 39

Madame Elizabeth, buried, 146

Mr., first patroon died, 188 ; Aisited
his colonv, 22

Nicolaus, 38, 39, 80 ; suspected of
being a papist, his controversy,
81 ; died, 334

Philip, 255; his residence, 311, 315

Philip S., bank president, 291
founder of Lancaster school, 280
laid Academy corner stone, 200
law student,^300 ; on bank com
mittee, 292

Richard, 43; bank director, 298;
church depositary, 126; his
house, 314; vote of thanks to,
127

Ryckert, 38

Solomon. 84

Stephanis, child buried, 134, 135 ;
daughter buried, 138 ; son buried,
138

Stephen, 255 ; bank president, 289;
in procession, 1788, 230; procures
Mohawk and Hudson rail road
charter, 243 : federal candidate,
235; manor house, 239; era of
mansion, 305 ; triistee of Acade-
my, 200 ; patroon, buried, 140

Susan, 37

archives, 79

arms, 86 ; in church window, 128

vault, Westerlo bui-ied in, 122
Van Rotterdam, Hans Jansen, 71

Jan Jansen, killed, 72
Van Ruth. Claes Jansen, 72
Van Salsbergen, Hendr., freeholder, 266
Van Sanford, Gertrude, died, 335
Van Santvoort, Anthony, 84
Van Schaick, Anna, buried, 137

Anthony S., wife buried, 137 ; child
buried, 132

Antoney, freeholder, 263; buried,
136; daughter Catriena buried,;
138 ; daughter Elsie, buried, 137
his seat in church, 127

Antoney, Jr., freeholder 263

Antony Gose. child buried, 143

Arent, freeholder, 267

Calie, daughter Catharina buried,
135 ; daughter Elizabeth, bu-
ried, 137; buried, 146

Claes, wife buried, 137

428

Index,

Van Schaick, Gerrit, 268
Gerrit W., cashier, 291
Goosen Gerritsen, 64, 70
Gose, freeholder, 263 : buried, 132,

135; child buried, 132, 133
Jacob, child buried, 143, 146
Jacob Gerritz, child buried, 145,

147
John, bank president, 291
John B., law student, 300
Jobs, child buried, 136, 137
Levinus, first alderman, 63, 160

188 ; his seat in church, 127
Marytie, buried, 137
Miukas, freeholder, 267
Mrs. John, died, 344
Mrs. Nicholas, died, 347
Neeltie, buried, 133
Nicolaes, buried, 143 ; child buried,

135
Steven, child buried, 144
Sybrand, child buried, 139, 135;

Gert daughter buried, 139
Sybrant, his seat in church, 127
Sybrant A., daughter buried, 136,

143
Sybrant G., child buried, 140, 141
Sybrant H., child buried, 140
Van Scharluyn, buried, 135
Johannis, buried, 140
Willem, buried, 143
Van Scharluyne, Dirk, child buried,

133 ; wife buried, 133
Van Schauk, Elias, freeholder, 266

Lawrence, freeholder, 266
Van Schelluyne, Cornells, 84
Van Schelluyne, Mrs. Rachel Douw,
died, 360
Rensselaer, died, 360
Van Scherline, Cornells, freeholder,

264
Van Scherluyne, Geertruy, buried, 135
Van Schurlynse, Cornelus. buried, 132
Van Schie, Rev. Cornelia, died, 82;
buried, 138; term of ministry, 88 ;
child buried, 135, 136
Van Schoonderwoerdt, Cornells Corn-
lissen, 72
Cor.ielis Gerritsen, 73
Margaret, 69

Rutger Jacob sen, account of, 69
Tennis Jacobsen, 72
Van Schoonhoven, Dirck B., child bu-
ried, 141, 146 ; son buried, 146
Gerrit, wife buried, 138
Jacobus, buried, 142
Van Sitterich, Nicolaus, 16
Van Sleswyck. Juriaeu, 74
Van Slyck, patentee of Katskill, 37
Cornells, freeholder, 265
Cornells Antonissen, 72
Harma, freeholder, 265; ensign,

198
Jacques, 72
Marte, freeholder, 265

Van Slyck, Peter, freeholder, 266

island, 72
Van Soest, Rutger Hendricksen, 64;
his arrival, 187
Seger Hendricksen, 64; his arri-
val, 187
Van Steltyn, Evert Pels, 73
Van Stoutenburgh, Jacob Jansen, 76
Van TienhovenV C., defends Stuyve-

sant, 66
Van Tromp, Governor, oppressed Lu-
therans, 157
Van Tweenhuysen, Lambrect, 9
Van Twiller, Elizabeth, 37
Rykert, 38

Wouter, relation of patroon, 38
Van Utrecht, Jacob Adriaensen, 71
Van Valkenburgh, Bartlemeus, free-
holder, 266
Isaac, 258

Jacobus, child buried, 136
Jochim, freeholder, 265
Lambert, 75
Van Vechte,Thuni8, buried, 145; child
buried, 144, 145
Geertruy, buried, 139
Harmen, buried, 139 ; child buried,

133, 1.35
Jannitje Teunissen, 74
Jno., freeholder, 268
Jobs, buried at Papsknee, 137 ;

child buried, 1.37, 139
Jobs, Jr., child buried, 136
Leindert, buried. 146
Lydia, buried, 142
Lysbeth, daughter buried, 140
Phillip, freeholder, 264
Reuben, freeholder, 264 ; buried,

135 ; son John buried, 142
Samuel, freeholder, 267
Solomon, freeholder, 268 ; buried,

143 ; wife buried, 133
Tennis, chairman, 359, 361 ; direc-
tor academy, 204
Teunis Cornelissen, 70, 71
Tennis Dircksen, 71
Teunis Ts., 84 ; trustee, 167
Volcort, freeholder, 268
Volkert, church officer, 101, 104,
105
Van Vechten, Abraham, 255 ; bank
director, 289 ; founds school,
203; his house, 182; trustee of
academy, 200
Benjamin, buried, 142; child bu-
ried, 141
Cornells, of great consistory, 84
Corn'lis, freeholder, 268; buried,

142
Derrick, freeholder, 267
Douw, wife Ariaentie buried, 144
Gerrit Teunisse, child buried at

Papsknee, 137 ; buried, 140
Jobs, buried, 140 ; buried at Paps-
knee, 135

Index.

429

Van Vechteu, Philip, wife buried, 135
Van Vee, Pieter Hert^ers, died, 74
Van Vere, Maryn Adriaensen, 65
Van Velde, Sweer Teunissen, 75
Van Verduym, Joham Latyn, 69
Van "Vlaclv, Benj., freeholder, 265
Van Vlecburgh, Cristen Cristyssen

Noorman, 69
Van Voorhoiit, Claes, 74
Cornelis, 74
Cornells Segers, 74
Jannitje, 74
Lysbeth, 74
Neltje, 74
Seger, 74
Van Vorst, Hooper C, city attorney,
335
Yealous, freeholder, 265
Van Vranken, Nicholas, ft-eeholder, 267
Van "W"aah\'5xk, Claes Jansen, 73
Van Wagner, lecturer on temperance,

364
Van Wely, Anna, 37
Joannes. 37
Susan, 37
Van Wesepe, Gysbert Cornelissen, 75
Van Westbroek, Cornelis Teunissen,

65
Van Wie, Andries, child buried, 141
Catie, buried, 142
Gerrit, freeholder, 268 ; buried, 140 ;
wife buried, 139
Hendk, child buried, 138
Hendrick, wife buried, 138
Jan, freeholder, 268
Jobs, child buried, 138, 141
Rut buried, D. Brat, 135
Van Wie's Point, first settler at, 71
Van Winkle, Rip, 322; competition,

350
Van Woert, Anna, buried, 137

Claes, freeholder, 263 ; daughter
Catrina. buried, 142
Henry, 84

Jacob, son buried, 138; son Johs

buried, 140; wife buried, 145;

Jacob R., child buried, 138; wife

buried, 142
Jacob Thunnise, buried, 133
Pieter, buried M. Ouderkerk, 140 ;

daughter Sanna buried, 138
Rut buried Anna Brat, 133 ; buried
D. Vischer, 136; buries Brat's
child, 132; buried R. MejTi-
dertse, 145 ; buries Susanna
Brat, 131 ; buried V. Brat, 138 ;
child buried, 131; daughter
Elizabeth buried, 140
Rutger, wife buried, 145
Sander, buried, 140 ; child buried,

139
Thunis, child buried, 147
Van Wormer, Cornelis, freeholder, 267
Van Wormer' s tavern on Pine street,
159

Van Wyck, Isaac, 246
Van Wyen, Hendrick, freeholder, 268
Van Yeveren, Antony, child buried,
138, 143, 146

Barent, buried, 139 ; son buried, 141

Casparus, buried. 130

Jacob, buried, 139

Johas RjT^ir, buried, 139

Johs, child buried, 138, 141, 146

Johs F., child buried, 143

Marte, child buried, 144

Ryner, son biiried, 139
Van Zaudt, Catharine, widow of John,
died, 331

Gilbert J., penitentiary director,
355

John, cashier. 291

Mrs. W. W., died, 355

Richard, 258

Richard, died, 332
Van Zante, Antony, buried, 143

Da^id, child buried, 139 ; wife bu-
ried. 139

Gerret, child buried, 134, 138;
daughter buried, 143, 145; son
buried, 144

Johanuis. freeholder, 263

Johs jr.. child buried, 146, 147

Johs, wife buried, 138 ; child bu-
ried, 133

Joseph, freeholder, 263

Joseph Janz, buried, 144

Joseph, wife biu-ied, 138

Willem, child buried, 143; son
Johs buried, 145
Vas, Rev. Petrus, temporary supply,

82; terra of ministry, 88; bap-
tisms by. 96
Vasburgh, Petrus, child buried, 145
Veazie, Elizabeth, wife of Moses, died,

328
Ved'der, Albert, freeholder, 265

Arent, freeholder, 265

Catrina, married, 287

Harmanis, freeholder, 265

Helmes, freeholder, 265

Johannis, freeholder, 265

John, 84

Johs Symonse, daughter buried,
134

Lymon, (Symon ?), wife buried, 139

Symon, child buried, 134 ; daugh-
ter buried, 146

Volkert S., 84
Vendeuse, Rut., freeholder, 268
Verbeek, Johannes, 67
Vergennes stage, 249
Vermilyea, Thomas E., 255
Vermont, embraced in Albany county,

191 ; post to, 247 ; seen from Al-
bany, 185
Vei"plank, Abigail, buried, 143

Abram, buried, 137

Gelyn, buried, 142; child buried,
135

430

Index,

Verplank, Isaac, assistant alderman,
63 ; first alderman, 188 ; daughter
buried, 133

Mrs. Abraham, 68

Philip, child buried, 132
Vibbard, Chauncey, bank director, 298

Maria, wife of P. G., 335
Viele, Cornelise Arnout, his seat in
church, 127

Maurice E., bank director, 298

Eufus K., treas. board trade, 240
Vina, Francis, 259
Vinhagel, Elizabeth, baptized, 86
Vinhagen, Abraham, Avife buried, 142

Johannis, freeholder, 264 ; buried,
143
Virginia, permit to visit, 10
Visger, John, 286, 287
Visscher, Alj^da, buried, 142

Anna Matilda, died, 339

Bastiaen, freeholder, 263 ; buried,
136 ; child buried, 147

Bastian T., child buried, 146

Dircktie, buried, 136

Fredk, wife buried, 136

H., mother Elizabeth, buried, 144

Harm B., child buried, 136, 138,
142, 146

Harm J., child buried, 145

Harmen, buried, 138

Isaac, buried, 133

Jacob, freeholder, 264

Johannis, buried, 142 ; John, child
buried, 134, 140 ; daughter buried
at Hogeberg, 134 ; son Jochim,
buried, 141 ; freeholder, 264

John D., slave died, 367

Mrs. Teunis G., died, 350

Nanning, freeholder, 264; buried,
133

Sebastian, 349

Teirck Harminse, freeholder, 264

Therck Harmeuse, wife buried, 131

Thunis, buried, 133

Tierck, child buried, 132

Willem, buried, 133

inn, 250

schooner, 241
Vlamans kil, 195

Vlensburgh, Daniel, buried, 132;
child buried, 132

Mattys, child buried, 132. See
Flensburgh.
Voert, Jacob Van Rutze, child buried,

138
Volckertsen, Thuys, 10
Volkertsen, Cornells, 10
Volktie, Engeltje, trial for slander, 125

Solomon, 125
Voorleezers, last of the, 130
Voorzingers, or voorleezers, 130
Vos, Hans. See Van Baden.
Vosbergh, Abram, child buried, 136

Catrina, 146

Hannah, died, 337

Vosbergh, Isaac, wife Catrina, buried,
146. See Vasburgh.

Peter, justice, 197

Petrus, child buried, 147
Vosje, see Van Schoonderwoerdi
Vossenkil, 185 ; see Foxen kil
Voyage of an Albany sloop to China,

261
Vroman, Adam, freeholder, 264

Adam, lieutenant, 198

Barent. freeholder, 265 ; buried,
140

Hendrick, Jr., freeholder, 265

Hendi'ick, Sr., freeholder, 265

Isaac, federalist candidate, 235, 286,
287

Jan, freeholder, 265

Johannis, freeholder, 265

Peter, anti-federalist, 228

Peter, freeholder, 265

Simon, freeholder, 265

Tryntie, buried, 142

Wouter, freeholder, 265

papers, 286

Wadsworth, Elizabeth, died, 345
Wagenaer, Jacob Aertsen, 74
Wageuer, Philip, 163, 164
Wager, Charles J., drowned, 366
Waggoner, W. H., Universalist pastor,

180 ; settled, 348 ; installed, 351
•Wagoner, Elizabeth, died, 372
Wainright, David C, died, 370
Waldrum, Cornells, buried, 145 ; child
buried, 141

Peter, freeholder, 264 ; buried, 132

Pieter, child buried, 132, 140, 144,
146, 147

TrjTitie, buried, 144

Willem, child buried, 132, 134, 135,
137
Walker, Abigail, died, 368

Willard, bank director, 294, 295 ;
died, 330
Wall, Peter, died, 377
Wallace, Jeremiah, died, 349

Moses, died, 377

Mrs. Jeremiah, died, 378

Thomas, died, 373
Walls, John, 164
Walsh, Charles, 300

Dudley, bank president, 291

Mike, political speaker, 346
Walter, Casper, died, 376
Walton, Henry, trustee of Academy,

200
Wampum, circulating medium, 128;
manufacture, 57 ; offered to Hud-
son by the Indians, 4
Wandel, Johannes, alderman, 160
Wandlaer, Elizabeth, girl buried,

141
: War expenses 1688, 320

Index.

431

Ward, Amelia, died, 361

Mrs. Benjamin, died, 368

Isaac, died, 357
Ward assessors abolished, 359
"U'ards, number of, 189
Ware, Curtis, died, 358
Warren, Clement, saw mill burnt, 347

James, 200

Mrs. R. S., died, 359
Warrensbush, post to, 247
Washburn, Mrs. N. S., died, 358
Washington, Gen., on Whitehall mus-
quitoes, 211 ; monument, lay-
ing of, 323 ; portrait by Ame's,
274; birthday, celebration, 331,
357

city, distance of, 185, 280

county, returns, 228 ; set of, 191

sloop, 241

square, 276

street, now South Pearl, 158, 312
Wassou, J. G., postmaster. 196, 362
Water, as found in 1749 by Kalm, 53,
54 ; in wells, 283, 285

power, 195 ; deficient, 277

question submitted to vote, 379

vote for supply of, 319

works 1823, 276 : company pro-
posed to supply city, 384
Waterford, first owner, 70; stage

fi-om, 247, 251
Waterman, Robert H., 257
Waters, John, buried, 143

Thomas, died, 326
Watervliet, 229 ; population 1790, 191 ;

taxable inhabitants, 1795, 193;

incorporated, 193; plank road,

332 ; street, 233
Watson, Elkanah, bank director, 289,
293

Matthew, elder, 170
Way, James, wife Catron, 144
Weathercocks, 209
Weavers in procession, 231
Webb & Dummer, firm of, 321

Henry L., bank director, 295

JohnH., died, 321
Webster, Charles R., his post route,
248 ; his residence, 311; in proces-
sion 1788, 231 ; letter to, 128

Emma, wife M. L., Webster, died,
331

George, 316

Joseph, stager, 254

Mrs. Charles R., died, 351

corner, its location, 315

spelling book, 316
Weed, Rev. Henry R., 255; presbyte-
rian pastor, 172

Walter, bank director, 294
Weelysburg, on Castle island, 74
Weemp, John, freeholder, 265

Mindert, freeholder, 265
Welch, Benjamin, died, 362

George H., died, 377

Welch, Rev. B. T., retired from Baptist
church, 349

, died, 364

Weld, Isaac, traveler. 208
Well water, unwholesome, 283, 285
Weller, Charles H., died, 361
Wells, state of in 1749, 53, 54
Wells's inn, 250
Welysburg, 23

Wemp, Jan Barentsen, 75 ; freeholder,
265. See Weemp.

Mr., 259
Wemp's inn, 250
Wemple, Abm., 286, 287
Wendell, Abram, freeholder, 268 ; resi-
dence, 311 ; buried, 144

Abraham E., buried, 144

Abram H., wife buried, 146 ; child
buried, 138, 141, 145

Arieantie, buried, 137

Asweurus, buried, 143

Col. John A., in procession, 229

Doctr. Epharim, buried at Flats,
133

Elizabeth, married, 301 ; buried,
139; daughter Catrina, buried,
141

Ephraim. child buried, 132, 133, 134,
135

Evert, freeholder, 263; buried,
142 ; his pasture, 99, 103 ; child
buried, 132 ; son buried, 141 ;
son Wendell, buried, 139; daugh-
ter, buried, 140

Harmanis, freeholder, 263 ; buried,
134; his house, 307; residence,
311 ; wife buried, 146

Harmanis P., buried, 144

Harmanus A., 84

Harmanus H., child buried, 138

Hend, child buried, 146

Hester, buried, 137

Isaac, son buried at the Flats, 133,
135

Jacob, buried at Greenbush, 139 ;
child buried at Greenbush, 134,
138

Johannes, freeholder, 268 ; first al-
derman, 63, 188; his seat in
church, 126 ; his residence, 152,
312 ; buried at the Flatts, 133 ;
son buried at the Flats, 133;
Cosyn, buried, 141.

Johannis, jr., freeholder, 263

Johans Evertse, freeholder, 264;
buried, 136 ; child buried, 133

John E., buried a N. E. officer,
145 ; buried, 146

John H., member of great consis-
tory, 84; manager of Bible So-
ciety, 255

Johs H., buried, 138

Jobs Isa, buried, 145

Johs Jan, daughter Sannaka bu-
ried, 139

432

Index,

Wenclell, Jolis Jobs, child buried,
145

Oliver, desires stained glass win-
dow, 128
Peter, bank director, 296; died,

379
Philip, freeholder, 264, 268; bu-
ried, 137 ; son John buried, 133 ;
daughter buried, 135; wife bu-
ried, 135
Philip, 2d, his house, 314
Robert, buried, 142; wife buried,

144 ; child buried, 139, 141
Susanna P., buried, 140
Thomas, freeholder, 263; Thomas,

buried, 133
arms, 86

house, account of, 307
Wendover, P. V. S., 300
Wessels, Dirk, first alderman, 63, 160,
188 ; free merchant, 66
Dirick, his garden, 99, 103 ; his seat
in church, 127 ; lieutenant colo-
nel, 197 ; recorder, 197. See Ten
Broek.
West Hartford stage, 250

India Company, 21, 37 ; completed
its arrangements, 14; owned Fort
Orange, 97
Indies, voyage to, 260
Stockbridge, rail road to, 190
Westchester county returns, 228
Westercamp, Hendrick, 76
Westerlo, Rev. Eilardus, his arrival,
122, 124 ; his ministry, 82, 88, 124 ;
died, S3
town incorporated, 193
Western turnpike planked, 363

rail road, 190
Wetmore, Izrahiah, his tavern, 313
Weyland, or pasture, 42
Whale ascended the river, 34, 35

fishery, 16
Whalen, Elizabeth, died,'336
Whalers in 1687, 319
Wheat, 1749, 49; annual receipt, 328;
found among Hudson river In-
dians, 9 ; price of, 324, 326, 345,
347, 372 ; shipped 1823, 278
Wheaton, Heni-y G., law student, 300
Wheeler, Luther, died, 361
"Wlielpley, James M., clerk, 362

Heman J., died, 329
Whig county convention, 322 ; election
triumphant, 325 ; meeting at capi-
tol, 325 ; meeting to denounce Tay-
lor, 343, 344, 345; nominations,
347 ; ticket elected, 381 ; torch light
procession, 349
Whigs, 334

Whipple, William, died, 361
Whitbeck, Hendrick, freeholder, 266
John, daughter Rachel buried, 142 ;

son buried, 140. See Witbeck
Jobs L., buried, 142

White, Martin, died, 326
Mrs. Prudence, died, 347
Mrs. Sally, died, 357
Nathaniel, died, 371
Whitehall musquitoes, 208
Whitestown, post to, 248 ; stage, 249,

250 ; stage fare to, 250
Whitney, Capt. Edward, died, 338
Henry Z., died, 346
Isaac, died, 372
Whittlesey, Frederick, 300
Whj'te, Mrs. James R., died, 357
Wickes, Alfred, died, 337

Mrs. E., Jr., 371
Wieler, Evert, freeholder, 266.
Wild, Alfred, bank director, 298
Willard, John, clerk, 292
Willems, Edward, son buried, 146
John, child buried, 141
Pieter, wife buried, 143
Thomas, buried, 133, 143; son
Philip buried, 137
Willemsen, Adrian, banished, 39, 74

Matheld, 73, 90
Willemstadt, fort built, 188 ; so called,

1664, 271, 313
Willet, Col., 228

Elbert, 84
Williams, Aaron, died, 373
Ben, child buried, 144
C. P., receiver of Exchange bank,

298
Henry, died, 360
Mary Ann, died, 373
Mrs. Ezra, 349
Thos., freeholder, 263
Williamsburgh post route, 248
Williamson, Isaac D., Universalist

pastor, 180
Wilmot, speech of, 325

proviso meeting, 323
Wilsen, Bethe, child buried, 142
Wilson, Benjamin, died, 373
Bettie, buried, 142
Gilbert L., bank director, 298
James R., 255
John A., died, 347
John Q., bank president, 296
Mrs. James, died, 355
Mrs. Reuben, died, 360
Roswell, died, 368
Thomas L., died, 325
Wilton, Jacobus, child buried, 139
Winants, Josiah, factory burnt, 335
Melgert, assistant alderman, 63
Wincoop, Pieter, 74
Wind and rain, 375, 376, 380
Windmill point stages, 251
Windows, stained, 86
Winegaert, Jacobus Luykasse, free-
holder, 264
Luykas, freeholder, 263
Nicolas, freeholder, 263
Wines, Rev. Mr., pastor, 360
Wing, Joel A., candidate, 349

Index.

433

Winnc, Benjamin, child buried, 135,
138 ; in procession 1788, 232

Coruelis, buried, 143 ; two children
buried. 142

Daniel, Jr.. child burled, 139

Danicll, freeholder, 268

Elsje, son buried, 132

Fraus, daughter buried, 132

George, died, 304

Jan, buried, 1.35

Jcllis, Jr., cashier, 291; resigned,
357 ; died, 3GS

Jellis K., child buried, 146

Jesse, buried, 146; child buried,
146

Killiau, freeholder. 266 ; of Pakesie,
buried, 1-10 ; child buried, 136

Killiau J., 84

Levynis, child buried, 139, 140, 141

Marvtie, buiied, 141

Mrs."'Da\-id P., died, 300

Mrs. Killiau J., died, 346

Mrs. William B., died, .370

Peter, freeholder, 264, 267 ; son bu-
ried, 133

Philip, daughter buried, 139 ; wife
buried, 141

Pieter, child of servant, buried,
142, 143

Sara, married, 287

Willem, child buried, 144

William B., died, .330

William I., died, 329
Winners bar, 279
Winter of 1802, 195; incidents 1848,

219 ; in last century, 220
Winters, A. J., killed, a58
Wise, Rabbi, lays corner stone, 327
Wiswall, Capt. Thomas, died, 365
Witbeck, Abram, child buried, 134,
138

Abram, To's wife bxxried, 145

Andreas, 68

Andries, Jr., child buried, 132, 1.34

Anna, buried, 1.33

Catie, buried, 143

Jan, freeholder, 268

Jno., freeholder, 268

Jobs P., buried, 1.37

Jonatan, freeholder, 268 ; child bu-
ried, 140

Jonatan Jr., wife [Machtel] bu-
ried, 140

Luykas, freeholder, 268

Luykas Tomase, child buried, 40

Nicolas, freeholder, 260

Tho., freeholder, 268; buried at
Papsknee, 133

Thos. L., marshal, 1788, 235
Witbeeken, Jan, buried J. Bries, 145
Witsen, Gerrit, 9

Jonas, 9
Witseut, Thomas, 05
Witt, J, C, died, 366
Wolfertsen, Jacob, 72

Wolford's cattle exchange, 357
Women in 1749, their frugality and

cleanliness, 60
Wood, Bradford R., law student, 300,
candidate for assembly, 349

David, bank director, 295
"Wooden buildings prohibited, 343
Woodruff, Dr. H., 254
Woodworth, John, 255
Wool, General, sword presented to, 351
Worcester, George W., died, 376

stage, 251
Wordeu, Alexander, died, 366
Working Men's State Convention,

assembled, .370
Wormer, Isaac, 164
W^orth, Gen., compliment to, 345;
died, 361 ; fimeral obsequies, 383

Gorham A., bank teller, 293 ; cash-
ier, 295

Mrs. William, died, 367
Worthington, sta^e, 249, 251
Wossidlo, C. M., Lutheran pastor, 109
Wright, Chas., 240

Deodatus, recorder, 3.30

Mary Jane, wife of Samuel, died,
336
Wyck, Actum R., 92
Wyckoff, I. N., 255, 333

Jane K., wife of Isaac N., died,
330
Wynantse, Melgert, first alderman, 188
Wyngart, Abra, wife buried, 1.35

Gerrit, Luycasse, his lot, .313

Jobs, child buried, 1.35, 136 ; child
of daughter, buried, 146

Luyckas J., buried, 144

Mary, buried, 145
W^ynkoop, Alida, see Eights, Mrs. J.

Pieter, 28, 30, 31
Wyt, Dirk, child buried, 138

Dirck, wife Annata, 139

Yachts seen by Kalm, 46
Yates, Abram, buried J. Halenbeeck,
145 ; child buried, 140, 142, 143,
144, 145

Abraham, Jr., opposes constitu-
tion, 229

Adam, child buried, 136, 139;
daughter buried, 143; wife bu-
ried, 143

Christofell, freeholder, 264 ; buried,
144

Dr. Christopher C, died, 346

Huybertie, buried, 133

John Van Ness, his house, 314 ;
recorder, 200

John W., teller, 291 ; cashier, 293,
294

Johs, child buried, 1.39, 144

Joseph, child buried, 133

Joseph, wife [Hendrike], buried,
142

434

Index,

Yates, Joseph, Junr, freeholder, 268
Joseph, Snor, freeholder, 263
Joseph K., 286, 287
Margaret, wife Benj., died, 336
Metcalf, law student, 300
Mrs. Gerrit, 372
Richard, cashier, 294
Rob., freeholder, 265
Robert, anti-federalist, 228
Robt., his residence, 311, 314

Yonkers street, 102

York, John, died, 376

Young, George, 245
Johannes, 104

Young, John, governor, 351
Mr., school teacher, 167
Peter, 1&4

Men's Association, census of,
324; lecture, 326; lecture by
Scoresby, 328
Younglove, John, assemblyman, 235

Zantfort, Staets, child buried, 143

Staats, a man buried by, 146
Zeilmau, John, 163
Zevenhuyzen, Hans, 69
Zwinglius, followers of, 166