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Full text of "The annals of Albany"

Ml NSELL, JOEL, an American printer, was born 
at .Ncrthfield, Mass., April 14, 1808. He settled at 
Albany m 1827, and published the Albany Minerva in 
28. He afterwards published various papers, weekly 
and daily. He thoroughly studied the art of printing, 
practically and historically. A large part of his valul 
able collection of works relating to the history of print- 
ing was purchased for the New York State Li&ary 
He has edited and published Annals of (kfeST(tO 
vok, 1850-58), and several other works o^-fcVhis- 

#857); 
(1858). 
societies 



> - ~ v / J * ^ ^J, IVi V/UH^i. 

: Chronology of Paper and Pa 

Every- Day Rook of History and ,,. 

H<- published many antiquarian works 

and individuals. He died Jan. 15. 1880 




Presented to the 

LIBRARY of the 

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 

by 

3ITTA.7.IO LEGISLATIVE LI3PJL1Y 







^L I 





ANNALS OF ALBANY. 



BY JOEIvMUNSELL. 



VOL. I. 




SEEN BY 

PRESERVATION 
SERVICES 



DATE 



ALBANY; 

J. MUNSELL, 58 STATE STREET. 
1850. 




LA 




PEEFACE. 



This work was begun as an annual publication, in the 
year 1849, and the contents of this volume were principally 
comprised in the Albany Annual Register of the years 
1849 and 1850. In this edition a part of the ephemeral 
articles of the first have been omitted, and historical and 
antiquarian matter substituted. The principal aim of the 
work was to preserve the memory of the time-honored 
institutions of the city. The form of a periodical was 
adopted for the convenience of continuing the publication 
from time to time as facts should be collected, and in the 
hope of enlisting others to collect materials. The coopera- 
tion of all who may take an interest in such matters is 
still solicited, in collecting whatever may tend to throw 
light upon the past, as well as to preserve authentic memo- 
rials of the present. Ancestral papers, of an historical, 
genealogical or statistical character ; memoirs of eminent 
citizens deceased ; historical accounts of religious, literary, 
charitable and benevolent institutions ; also of public and 
private corporations ; maps and charts of the city at dif- 
ferent periods, or of portions of it ; descriptions of antiqui- 
ties, and rare and curious relics ; in short, whatever, con- 
nected with the ancient or modern history of Albany, shall 
tend to illumine the path or lighten the labors of the future 
historian, will be duly appreciated. These are the main 



6 Preface. 

objects of the work, although other departments have been 
introduced, in keeping with the original plan, which will 
be omitted in the future volumes. A synopsis of the events 
of each year is given, descending sometimes to particulars 
which may, perhaps, be considered trivial by some readers. 
Undoubtedly many omissions will be observed of matters 
necessary to give completeness to the articles introduced ; 
we shall be glad to receive from those who may notice 
errors or omissions, the sum of their knowledge, for future 
use. Above all, we crave a liberal share of patience at 
the public offices, and of the oldest inhabitant, to whom we 
are already indebted for many favors, and much valuable 
information. We hope to be instrumental in arresting 
much that is perishable from entire oblivion, and out of 
the abundance of material at hand propose to compile a 
volume annually. 



CONTENTS. 



Discovery and first voyage up Hudson's River, 1609, 9 

Names of settlers in Rensselaerswyck, from 1630 to 1646, 15 

Sentence of Willem Juriansen Bakker, 24 

Mayors of Albany from 1684 to 1849, 25 

Streets, lanes, alleys, $c., 1849, 26 

An act for the division and equalization of the wards, 28 

Banks, with historical reminiscences, 31 

Insurance companies, 34 

Clergy, 1848, 35 

Practicing attorneys, 1848, 36 

Practicing Physicians, 1848, 37 

Albany charter officers, 1686, 37 

Officers of the city of Albany, 1848-9, 38 

Officers of companies and societies, 1848-9, 39 45 

Custom House, 46 

Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, 46 

Income and expenditures of the city, 1842 to 1848, 48 

County officers, 1848, 49 

Alphabetical list of counties, towns and post-offices, 50 

Stage and mail routes in olden time, 56 

Principal routes of travel diverging from Albany, 61 

Public offices, buildings, c., . . 71 226 

Albany Academy, 75 

Albany Female Academy, 80 

State Normal School. 84 297 

Houses in Albany, 1786, 85 

Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany, 86 

Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church, 122 

German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 129 293 

First Presbyterian Church, 130 

Bethel for Watermen, 133 

Jewish Synagogues, 134 

Universalist Church, 135 

Ancient Albany, 137 

City of Albany, 138 

County of Albany, 142 

Albany County Penitentiary, 149 

Commission of John Abeel, 152 

Lights and shadows of travelling in New York fifty years ago, 153 



8 Contents. 

Chronicle of events in Albany, 1847-8, 159 

Colony of Rensselaerswyck, from 1614 to 1646, 183 

Kiliaen van Rensselaer, 203 

Executors of Jeremias van Rensselaer, 204 

Arent van Curler, 205 

Correctors of Rensselaerswyck, 1630, 206 

Business directory, 1849, 209 

Albany County Bible Society, . , , 229 

List of freeholders of the city and county of Albany, 1720, 231 

Dutch church burials, 1722 to 1757, 235 

Family record from Groesbeck Bible, 249 

Biographical sketch of Gen. Philip Schuyler, 250 

Ancient commerce of Albany, 258 

Voyage of an Albany sloop to China, 261 

Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749, , ^62 

Harmanus Bleecker, 276 

Vanderheyden Palace, 278 

The Wendell House, 280 

The Stevenson House, 283 

State Street in 1792, 285 

A Canadian invasion, 288 

A scene of the Revolution in Albany, 289 

Births, marriages and deaths, 1848, 295 

Civil officers of the city of Albany, 1693, 302 

Operation of the cheap postage system in Albany, 1845, 303 

Barlow's prediction of the Erie Canal, 1787, 304 

Description of Albany in 1823, , , . . , 305 

Distances of county towns from Albany, 313 

Dr. Morse's description of Albany, 1789, 314 

Albany in 1796, 316 

Corporations and associations, 1849, 31 7 

An Albany merchant's stock in 1790, 322 

Hudson River, .... 324 

Books in 1772, ,.,... 325 

Closing and opening of the river since 1785, 326 

Incidents of a northern winter. . , 328 

Opening and closing of canal, 1824 to 1849, ,..'.. 329 

Celebration of the adoption of the constitution, 1788, 330 

Cold days sixty years ago, 329 

Centennial anniversary, 335 

Memoranda of 1784-5, , , , 336 

Conditions and prospects of the city in 1789, 338 

A Tobacco establishment of 1790, 339. 

Annals of Albany for 1 849, 341 

Schedule of real and personal estate, 1847, 367 

Bond of the aldermen of Schenectady, 1766, 368 

Index , , , ', . . , , 3 



ANNALS OF ALBANY. 



DISCOVERY AND FIRST VOYAGE UP HUDSON RIVER. 

The third Voyage of Master HENRY HVDSON toward Noua Zembla, and 
at his returne, his passing from Farre I lands, to New-found Land, 
and along to fortie four degrees and ten minutes, and thence to Cape 
Cod, and so to thirtie three degrees; and along the Coast to the North- 
ward, to fortie two degrees and an halfe, and vp the Riuere neere to 
fortie three degrees. Written by ROBERT IVET, of Lime-house. 

Henry Hudson sailed from Amsterdam on the 20th March, 1609, o. s., 
in the yacht Half-Moon, with a crew of about twenty Dutch and English 
sailors, on a voyage for the discovery of a north-west passage to India. 
He encountered ice and storms, which disabled his vessel, and about the 
middle of July ran into Penobscot bay, on the coast of Maine. From 
thence he proceeded along the coast southerly till he arrived at Chesapeake 
bay about the middle of August, when he tacked about and coasted north- 
ward until, on the third of September, at three o : clock in the afternoon, 
he came to three great rivers, and stood for the northernmost. Proceeding 
leisurely, on the sixth he passed through the Narrows, and was attacked 
by the Indians, who killed John Coleman, one of his men, who was buried 
at Coleman's point, at Sandy hook. On the ninth the vessel arrived in 
New York harbor, which they perceived to be a very good one for all 
winds, and rode all night. 4 

On the twelfth of September, at two o'clock in the afternoon, Hudson 
weighed anchor, and began the memorable ascent of the great river which 
perpetuates his name. He proceeded two leagues against the wind, and 
came to anchor. Twenty-eisrht canoes full of men, women and children 
came out from the shore, of whom the mariners were wary. They brought 
oysters and beans, and had "great tabacco pipes of yellow r copper, and 
pots of earth to dresse their meate in." The remainder of the narrative 
is copied verbatim from the edition published by the New York Historical 
Society, Transactions, i, 138, et seq. 

The thirteenth, faire weather, the wind northerly. At seuen of the 
clocke in the morning, as the floud came we weighed, and turned foure 
miles into the Riuer. The tide being done wee anchored. Then there 
came foure canoes aboord : but we suffered none of them to come into our 
ship. They brought great store of very good oysters aboord, which wee 
bought for trifles. In the night I set the variation of the compasse, and 
found it to be 13 degrees. In the afternoone we weighed, and turned in 
with the floud two leagues and a halfe further, and anchored all night, 
and had fiue fathoms soft ozie ground, and had an high point of land, 
which shewed out to us bearing north by east fiue leagues off vs. 



10 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609. 

The fourteenth, in the morning being very faire weather, the wind 
south-east, we sayled vp the Riuer twelue leagues, and had fiue fathoms 
and fme fathoms and a quarter lesse; and came to a streight between two 
points, and had eight, nine, and ten fathoms: and it trended north-east 
by north, one league, and we had twelue, thirteene and fourteene fa- 
thomes. The Riuer is a mile broad : there is very high land on both 
sides. Then wee went vp north-west, a league and an halfe deepe water. 
Then north-east by north fiue miles, then north-west by north two leagues, 
and anchored. The land grew very high and mountainous. The river is 
full of fish. 

The fifteenth, in the morning was misty vntil the Sunne arose: then it 
cleered. So wee weighed with the wind at south, and ran vp into the 
Riuer twentie leagues, passing by high Mountaines. Wee had a very good 
depth, as six, seuen, eight, nine, ten, twelue and thirteen fathoms, and 
great store of Salmons in the Riuer. This morning our two Sauages got 
out of a port and swam away. After we were vnder sayle they called to 
vs in scorne. At night we came to other Mountaines, which lie from 
the Riuers side. There we found very louing people, and very old men: 
where wee were well vsed. Our Boat went to fish, and caught great store 
of very good fish. 

The sixteenth, faire and very hot weather. In the morning our Boat 
went againe to fishing, but could catch but few, by reason their Canoes 
had beene there all night. This morning the people came aboord, and 
brought vs eares of Indian Corne, and Pompions, and Tabacco: which wee 
bought for trifles. Wee rode still all day, and filled fresh water; at night 
wee weighed and went two leagues higher, and had shoald water : so wee 
anchored till day. 

The seuenteenth, faire Sun-shining weather, and very hot. In the 
morning as soon as the Sun was vp, we set sayle, and ran vp six leagues 
higher, and found shoalds in the middle of the channell, and small Hands, 
but seuen fathoms water on both sides. Toward night we borrowed so 
neere the shoare, that we grounded : so we layed out our small anchor, 
and heaued off againe. Then we borrowed 1 on the banke in the channell, 
and came aground againe ; while the floud ran we heaued off againe, and 
anchored all night. 

The eighteenth, in the morning was faire weather, and we rode still. 
In the after-noone our Master's Mate went on land with an old Sauage, a 
Gouernor of the Countrey; who carried him to his house and made him 
good cheere. 

The nineteenth, was faire and hot weather : at the floud, being neere 
eleuen of the clocke, wee weighed, and ran higher vp two leagues aboue 
the shoalds, and had no lesse water than fiue fathoms: wee anchored, and 
rode in eight fathomes. The people of the countrie came flocking aboord, 
and brought vs Grapes, and Pompions, which we bought for trifles. And 
many brought vs Beuers skinnes, and Otters skinnes, which wee bought 
for Beades, Kniues, and Hatchets. So we rode there all night. 

The twentieth, in the morning was faire weather. Our Masters Mate 
with foure men more went vp with our Boat to sound the Riuer, and 
found two leagues aboue vs but two fathoms water, and the channell very 
narrow; and aboue that place seuen or eight fathomes. Toward night 
they returned; and we rode still all night. 



Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609. II 

The one and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind all southerly: 
we determined yet once more to goe farther up into the Riuer, to trie 
what depth and breadth it did beare ; but much people resorted aboord, so 
we went not this day. Our carpenter went on land and made a fore-yard. 
And our Master and his Mate determined to trie some of the chiefe men of the 
countrey, whether they had any treacherie in them. So they took them 
down into the cabbin, and gave them so much wine and aqua vitae, that 
they were all merrie; and one of them had his wife with him, which sat 
so modestly, as any of our countrey women would do in a strange place. 
In the end one of them was drunke, which had been aboord of our ship all 
the time that we had been there : and that was strange to them , for they 
could not tell how to take it. The canoes and folke went all on shoare ; 
but some of them came againe, and brought stropes of Beades : some had 
six, seven, eight, nine, ten; and gaue him. So he slept all night quietly. 

The two and twentieth was faire weather : in the morning our Masters 
Mate and foure more of the companie went vp with our Boat to 
sound the Riuer higher vp. The people of the countrey came not aboord 
till noone : but when they came, and saw the Sauages well, they were 
glad. So at three of the elocke in the after-noone they came aboord, and 
brought Tabacco, and more Beades, and gaue them to our Master, and 
made an Oration, and shewed him all the countrey round about. Then 
they sent one of their companie on land, who presently returned, and 
brought a great Platter full of Venison, dressed by themselues; and they 
caused him to eate with them : then they made him reuerence, and de- 
parted all saue the old man that lay aboord. This night at ten of the 
elocke, our Boate returned in a showre of raine from sounding of the Riuer; 
and found it to bee at an end for shipping to goe in. For they had beene 
vp eight or nine leagues, and found but seuen foot water, and vnconstant 
soundings. 

The three and twentieth faire weather. At twelue of the elocke wee 
weighed, and went downe two leagues to a shoald that had two channels, 
one on the one side, and another on the other, and had little wind, whereby 
the tide layed vs upon it. So, there wee sate on the ground the space of 
an houre till the floud came. Then we had a little gale of wind at the 
west. So wee got our ship into deepe water, and rode all night very 
well. 

The foure and twentieth was faire weather: the winde at the north- 
west, wee weighed and went downe the Riuer seuen or eight leagues; 
and at halfe ebbe wee came on ground on a bank of oze in the middle of 
the Riuer, and sate there till the floud. Then wee went on land, and ga- 
thered good store of chestnuts. At ten of the elocke wee came off into 
deepe water, and anchored. 

The five and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind at south a stiffe 
gale. We rode still, and went on land to walke on the west side of the 
Riuer, and found good ground for Corne, and other garden herbs, with 
great store of goodly oakes, and walnut trees, and chestnut trees, ewe 
trees, and trees of sweet wood in great abundance, and great store of slate 
for houses, and other good stones. 

The sixe and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind at south a stiffe 
gale, we rode still. In the morning our carpenter went on land with our 
Masters Mate, and foure more of our companie to cut wood. This morn.-* 



12 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609. 

ing, two canoes came vp the Riuer from the place where we first found 
louing people, and in one of them was the old man that had lyen aboord 
of vs at the other place. He brought another old man with him, which 
brought more stropes of beades, and gave them to our Master, and shewed 
him all the countrey there about, as though it were at his command. So 
he made the two old men dine with him, and the old mans wife , for they 
brought two old women, and two young maidens of the age of sixteene or 
seuenteene yeeres with them, who behaued themselues very modestly. 
Our Master gaue one of the old men a Knife, and they gaue him and vs 
Tabacco. And at one of the clocke they departed down the Riuer, making 
signes that wee should come down to them 5 for wee were within two 
leagues of the place where they dwelt. 

The seuen and tweniieth, in the morning was faire weather, but much 
wind at the north, we weighed and set our fore top-sayle, and our ship 
would not flat, but ran on the ozie bank at halfe ebbe. Wee layed out 
anchor to heaue her off, but could not. ,. So we sate from halfe ebbe to halfe 
floud: then wee set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle, and got downe 
sixe leagues. The old man came aboord and would have had vs anchor, 
and goe on land to eate with him: but the wind being faire, wee would 
not yeeld to his request. So hee left vs, being very sorrowful for our de- 
parture. At flue of the clocke in the afternoone, the wind came to the 
south-south-west. So wee made a boord or two, and anchored in fourteene 
fathomes water. Then our Boat went on shoare to fish, right against the 
ship. Our Masters Mate and Boat-swaine, and three more of the com- 
panie went on land to fish, but could not finde a good place. They tooke 
foure or five and twenty Mullets, Breames, Bases, and Barbils; and re- 
turned in an houre. We rode still all night. 

The eight and twentieth, being faire weather, as soon as the day was 
light, we weighed at halfe ebbe, and turned downe two leagues belowe 
water ; for the streame doth runne the last quarter ebbe : then we anchored 
till high water.. At three of the clocke in the afternoone we weighed, 
and turned downe three leagues, vntill it was darke-, then wee anchored. 

The nine and twentieth was drie close weather: the wind at south, and 
south by west, wee weighed early in the morning, and turned downe three 
leagues by a lowe water, and anchored at the lower end of the long Reach , 
for it is sixe leagues long. Then there came certaine Indians in a canoe 
to vs, but would not come aboord. After dinner there came the canoe 
with other men, whereof three came aboord vs. They brought Indian 
wheat, which we bought for trifles. At three of the clocke in the after- 
noone we weighed, as soone as the ebbe came, and turned downe to the 
edge of the Mountaines, or the northermost of the Mountaines, and an- 
chored : because the high land hath many points, and a narrow channell, 
and hath many eddie winds. So we rode quietly all night in seuen fathoms 
water. 

The thirtieth was faire weather, and the wind at south-east a stifFe gale 
between the Mountaynes. We rode still the afternoone. The people of 
the countrey came aboord vs, and brought some small skinnes with them, 
which we bought for kniues and trifles. This a very pleasant place to 
build a towne on. The road is very neere, and very good for all winds, 
saue an east-north-east wind. The Mountaynes look as if some metall 
or minerall were in them. For the trees that grow on them were all 



Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609. 13 

blasted, and some of them barren, with few or no trees on them. The 
people brought a stone aboord like to emery (a stone vsed by glasiers to 
cut glasse), it would cut iron or steele. Yet being bruised small, and 
water put to it. it made a colour like blacke lead glistering; it is also good 
for painters colours. At three of the clocke they departed, and we rode 
still all night. 

The first of October, faire weather, tha winde variable betweene the 
west and the north. In ihe morning we weighed at seuen of the clocke 
with the ebbe, and got downe below the Mountaynes, which was seuen 
leagues. Then it fellcalme and the flood was come,, and wee anchored at 
twelue of the clocke. The people of the Mountaynes came aboord vs, 
wondering at our ship and weapons. We bought some small skinnes of 
them for trifles. This afternoone, one canoe kept hanging vnder our 
sterne with one man in it, which we could not keepe from thence, who 
got vp by our rudder to the cabin window, and stole out my pillow and 
two shirts, and two bandeleeres. Our Masters Mate shot at him, and 
strooke him on the brest, and killed him. Whereupon all the rest fled 
away, some in their canoes, and some leapt out of them into the water. 
We manned our boat, and got our things againe. Then one of them that 
swamme got hold of our boat, thinking to ouerthrow it. But our cooke 
took a sword, and cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned. By this 
time the ebbe w r as come, and we weighed and got downe two leagues, by 
that time it was darke. So we anchored in foure fathomes water, and 
rode well. 

The seconde, faire weather. At break of day wee weighed, the wind 
being at north-west, and got downe seuen leagues-, then the floud was 
come strong, so we anchored. Then came one of the Sauages that 
swamme away from vs at our going vp the Riuer with many other, think- 
ing to betray vs. But we perceived their intent, and svffered none of 
them to enter our ship. Whereupon two canoes full of men, with their 
bowes and arrowes shot at vs after our sterne : in recompence whereof we 
discharged sixe muskets, and killed two or three of them. Then aboue 
an hundred of them came to a point of land to shoot at vs. There I shot 
a falcon at them, and killed two of them: whereupon the rest fle'd into 
the woods. Yet they manned off another canoe with nine or ten men, 
which came to meet vs. So I shot at it also a falcon, and shot it through 
and killed one of them. . Then our men with their muskets- killed three 
or four more of them. So they went their way; within a while after, wee 
got downe two leagues beyond that place, and anchored in a bay, cleere 
from all danger of them on the other side of the Riuer, where we saw a 
very good piece of ground : and hard by it there was a cliffe, that looked 
of the colour of a white greene, as though it were either copper, or siluer 
myne: and I think it to be one of them by the trees that grow vpon it. 
For they be all burned, and the other places are greene as grasse, it is on 
that side of the Riuer that is called Manna -hatta. There we saw no 
people to trouble vs : and rode quietly all night ; but had much wind and 
raine. 

The third, was very stormie; the wind at east-north-east. In the 
morning, in a gust of wind and raine, our anchor came home, and we 
droue on ground, but it was ozie. Then as we were about to haue out an 
anchor, the wind came to the north-north-west, and droue vs off againe. 



14 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609. 

Then we shot an anchor, and let it fall in foure fathomes water, and 
weighed the other. Wee had much wind and raine, with thicke weather, 
so we rode still all night. 

The fourth, was faire weather, and the wind at north-north-west, wee 
weighed and came out of the Riuer, into which we had runne so farre. 
Within a while after, wee came out also of The great mouth of the great 
Riuer, that runneth vp to the north-west, borrowing vpon the norther 
side of the same, thinking to haue deepe water: for wee had sounded a 
great way with our boat at our first going in, and found seuen, six, and fiue 
fathomes. So we came out that way, but we were deceiued, for we had 
but eight foot and an halfe water: and so to three, fiue, three, and two 
fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, fiue, sixe, seven, eight, 
nine and ten fathomes. And by twelue of the clocke we were cleere of 
all the inlet. Then we took in our boat, and set our mayne-sayle and 
sprit-sayle, and our top-sayles, and steered away east-south-east, and south- 
east by east, off into the mayne sea: and the land on the souther side of the 
bay or inlet, did beare at noone west and by south foure leagues from vs. 

The fift, was faire weather, and the wind variable between the north 
and the east. Wee held on our course south-east by east. At noone I 
obserued and found our height to bee 39 degrees 30 minutes. Our com- 
passe varied sixe degrees to the west. 

We continued our course toward England, without seeing any land by 
the way, all the rest of this moneth of October. And on the seuenth day 
of Nouember, stilo nouo, being Saturday, by the Grace of God, we safely 
arriued in the Range of Dartmouth, in Deuonshire, in the yeere 1609. 



Settlers of Rensstlaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 15 

NAMES OF SETTLERS IN RENSSELAERSWYCK. 

1630 TO 1646. 

'Compiled from the books of Monthly Wages and other MSS. See O'Callaghan's Hist. 
ofN. Netlierland, i ; 433. 

1630. 

Wolfert Gerritsen, superintendent of farms. 

Rutger Hendricksen van Soest, superintendent of the brewery. 

Seger Hejidricksen van Soest, shepherd and ploughman. 

Brandt Peelen van Nieukerke, schepen; had two daughters, Lisbet and 
Gerritje. The latter married Goosen Gerritsen van Schaick. The 
father died in 1644. He is mentioned by the Rev. Mr. Megapolensis - 
in his tract on the Maquaa Indians, and by Van der Donck in his 
Beschryvinge van N. N., as having raised wheat off one field in 
Rensselaerswyck eleven years in succession. The land was ploughed 
twelve times in that period ; twice the first and once every succeed- 
ing lyear, when the stubble was ploughed and the wheat sown and 
harrowed under. Van der Donck adds: "There are many thous- 
and morgens of as good land there as that of which we have spoken." 
Several descendants of this individual reside in Albany county, 
where they go by the name of Brandt. 

Simon Dircksen Pos, was one of Minuet's council in 1624; died in 1645. 

Jan Tyssen, trumpeter, Fort Orange. 

Andries Carstenssen, millwright. 

Laurens Laurenssen, \ 

Barent Tomassen, { sawyers. 

Arendt van Curler, was a magistrate of the colony until the time of his 
death, and one of the leaders of the settlement at Schenectady, 1641. 

Jacob Jansen Stol, succeeded Hendrick Albertzsen as ferry-master at 
Beverwyck. 

Mertin Gerrittsen van Bergen, married Neeltje Meynderts; his oldest 
son was Gerrit; his second, Myndert van Bergen. In the year 1668, 
he had a lease of Castle Island, called after him, Martin Gerritsen's 
Island, and in 1690 he lived south of that island, on the west side of 
the river. He had property in Katskili, Coxsackie,, and Albany, of 
which place he was magistrate for a long time. 

Claes Arissen. 

Roeloff Jansen van Maesterlandt, wife and family; came out as farmer 
to the Patroon, at $72 a year. The Rev. Ev. Bogardus,, of New 
Amsterdam, married his widow. 

Claes Claessen, his servant. Jacques Spierinck. 

Jacob Govertsen. Raynert Harmensen* 

Bastiaen Jansen Krol, Fort Orange. 

Albert Andriessen Bradt, de Noorman, married Annetje Barents, by 
whom he had eight children, viz. Barent-, Eva, (who m. Roeloff 
Swartwout;) Storm; Engeltje, (who m. Teunis Slingerland. of 
Onisquathaw;) Gisseltje, (who m. Jan van EecheleH;) Andries, Jan, 
and Dirck. The tradition is, that one of the above children was 



16 Settlers of Remselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 

born on ship-board, on the passage out, in the midst of a heavy 
storm, in consequence of which he was called Storm van der Zee. 
Barent Albertsen succeeded his father, in 1672, as lessee of the water 
privileges on the Normans Kill, for which he was to pay $ 150 a 
year; and Slingerland succeeded, in 1677, as lessee of the farm which 
his father had occupied until then on the above stream. Albert de 
Noorman died 7th June, 1686, and Swartwout, mentioning the oc- 
curence, says: he was "een van de oudste en eerste inwoonders 
der colonie Rensselaerswyck." At the time of his decease, he was 
proprietor of some lots arid houses on the island of Manhattans. It 
was after this man that the creek south of Albany was called the 
Noormans Kill. Many of his descendants are still met with in and 
around the latter city. 

1631. 

Maryn Adriaensen van Veere. This was the freebooter who afterwards 
played so prominent a figure in Kieft's time. 

Thomas Witsent. 

Gerrit Teunissen de Reus, schepen, had a well-stocked farm in Greenbush. 

Cornells Teunissen van Westbroek. 

Cornells Teunissen van Breukelen, Raedts persoon; the descendants of 
this man now call themselves van Brackelen. 

Johan Tiers. 

Jasper Ferlyn. 

Gerrit Willems Oosterum. 

Cornelis Maessen van Buren Maassen (in Galderland) and Catalyntje 
Martensen, his wife, came out in the ship Rensselaerswyck. In the 
passage out was born their first child, Hendrick; had besides him, 
four other children, viz. Martin, Maas, Steyntje, and Tobias, all of 
whom were living in the colonie in 1662. Steyntje married, 1663, 
Dirck Wessels, "free merchant here." The father had a farm at 
Papskenea. He and his wife died in 1648, and were both buried on 
the same day! (Beyde op eenen dagh zyn begraaven. MS.) 

Cornelis Teunissen Bos, bouwknecht to Cornelis Maassen, was commis- 
sary at Fort Orange previous to 1662. 

1634. 

Jan Labbadie, carpenter, native of France, was subsequently commissary 
to the Patroon, and after that held a like office at Fort Orange, 
under the company. He married the widow of Mr. Harman van der 
Bogaert. He came out previous to this year, and was part owner 
of the Garce. 

Robert Hendricksen. Adriaen Gerritsen. 

Lubert Gysbertsen, wheelwright. Jan Jacobsen. 

Jacob Albertzen Planck, officier, sheriff. Joris Houten, Fort Orange. 

Hendrick Cornelissen. 

Jan Jansen Dam, or Damen; married Ariaentje Cuvel. He removed 
subsequently to New Amsterdam, where he was elected one of the 
Eight Men-, amassed considerable wealth, and was one of the owners 
of the privateer La Garce. In 1649-50 he went to Holland with C. 



Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 17 

van Tienhoven, to defend Stuyvesant against the complaints of Van 
der Donck and others, and died on his return, 18th June, 1651. He 
does not seem to have had any children. He had three brothers, 
Cornells Jansen, Cuyper; Cornelis Jansen Damen-, and Willem 
Jansen Damen; and two sisters, Neiltje, and Hendrickje. He adopted 
the son of the last-named sister Jan Cornelis Buys who assumed 
his name, having been left 600 Car. guilders. Jan Damen, at his 
death, willed 400 Car. guilders to the poor of Bunick, province of 
Utrecht. The inventory of his personal property fills ten folio pages 
in the records. 

1635. 

Jan Terssen van Franiker. Juriaen Bylvelt. 

Jan Cornelissen, Carpenter. Johannes Verbeeck ; Raedt Persoon, 

1658, 1661. 

1636. 

Barent Pieterse Koyemans, alias Barent the Miller, entered the service 
of the first Patroon, at 30 guilders a year. Three brothers accom- 
panied him to Rensselaerswyck in 1636 : viz. David, Jacob, and Arent, 
who was a lad. It is presumed that they came originally from 
Utrecht. Barent worked in the Patroon's grist-mill until 1645, in 
the fall of which year he took charge, with Jan Gerritsen, his part- 
ner, (who came out with him,) of the Patroon's saw-mills, being al- 
lowed 150 gl. each a year for board, and 3 stivers a cut for every 
plank they sawed. He remained in this employment until 1647, 
having cut between three and four thousand boards in that time. 
Previous to 1650, he lived a little south of the 5th or Patroon's creek, 
and in 1655 took a nineteen years' lease of a farm of maize-land at 
24 gl. per annum. In 1657 he rented, in company with Cornelis 
Theunis van Breukelen, for three years, the Upper Mills, (as the 
mills on the Patroon's creek were called, in contradistinction to those 
on the Norman's kill.) which he leased on his own account in 1660 
for 13 years. This lease expired in 1673, about which time he 
purchased, by consent of the Commissioners at Albany, from the 
Katskill Indians, a large tract of land, some twelve or fifteen miles 
south of that city, on the west side of the river. The place had been 
known, for many years previous, as offering peculiar advantages for 
the erection of saw-mills, Cryn Cornelissen and Hans Jansen having 
erected saw-mills on the creek immediately north of Beeren Island 
as early as 1651. Coeymans had, no doubt, these advantages in 
view when he made his purchase, which began at a point on the 
shore called Sieskasin, opposite the middle of Jan Ryersens island 
called by the Indians Sapanakock, and ran south to the mouth of 
Pieter Bronck's kill, as Coxsackie creek was then called. Following 
up this creek to its head, the line then went west until it struck the 
head of the waters falling into the Hudson, all,the land on which be- 
longed to the Katskill Indians, the waters flowing west to the Scho- 
harie creek being the property of the Mohawks. The line then went 



18 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 

northerly to the bounds of Rensselaerswyck, and thence returned to 
the Hudson River. A patent was obtained for this tract, twelve miles 
deep and some eight or ten front, from Gov. Lovelace, on 7th April, 
1673. But falling as it did within the original bounds of Van Rens- 
selaer's colonie, Coeymans purchased out the Patroon's claims, 22d 
Oct., 170G, agreeing to pay a quit-rent of nine shillings a year, and 
he finally obtained letters patent from Queen Anne, confirming the 
whole to him and his heirs forever, 6th Aug., 1714. This purchase 
now constitutes the ancient town of Coeymans, in the county of 
Albany. Barent Pietersen had five children Andreas, Samuel, 
Peter, Ariantje, and Jannitje. Andreas moved to the Raritans, New 
Jersey, where he purchased a considerable tract of land, and where 
some of the Coeymans still reside. Peter married twice : by his first 
wife he had Mayica, who married Andreas Witbeck; and Elizabeth, 
the wife of Jacob van Allen. By his second wife, Charlotte Amelia 
Drawyer, he had Gerritje, who married John Barclay, mayor of 
Albany; Anne Margaret, who married Peter Ten Eyck, and Char- 
lotte A., who married John Bronck. Mrs. Abraham Verplanck of 
Coeymans is grand-daughter to this Mrs. Bronck. All the descend- 
ants of Barent Coeymans, after the first generation in a direct line, 
were females. Owing to this singular circumstance, the family 
name is now extinct in this state. 

Pieter Cornelissen van Munnichendam, millwright. 

Dirck Jansen van Edam. Mauritz Jansen,) -p ,, 

Arent Andriessen van Frederickstad, Michel Jansen , f ^ 

This Michel brought out his wife and two children. Van Tienhoven 
says he came out as a "boereknecht," or servant. He amassed a 
fortune in a few years, in the fur-trade, but not being able to agree 
with the head men of the colonie, he removed, in 1646, to the island 
of Manhattans. He purchased Eversten Bout's farm in Pavonia, 
with some stock, for 8,000 gl., and was appointed one of the delegates 
to Holland in 1649, against the colonial administration, but owing to 
the unsettled state of his private affairs he could not accept that 
appointment. It was in a room in this man's house, in New Am- 
sterdam, that Van der Donk wrote his celebrated " Vertoogh," or 
Remonstrance against the maladministration of affairs in New 
Nether land. 

Jacob Jansen van Amsterdam. 

Simon Walings van der Belt; was killed at Pavonia, in 1648, by some 
savages from the south. 

Gysbert Claessen van Amsterdam. Hans Zevenhuyzen. 

Cristen Cristyssen Noorman van Adriaen Hubertsen. 

Vlecburgh and wife. Rynier Tymanssen van Edam. 

Tys Barentsen Schoonmaker van Ed:im. Thomas Jansen van Bunick. 

Cornelis Tomassen, smith, and wife. 

Arent Steveniersen, wife and two. children ; he married,, anno 1637, the 
widow of Cornelis Tomassen, by whom he had two, other children* 

Johan Latyn van Verduym. Claes Jansen van Nykerk;. 






Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 19 

Rutger Jacobsen van Schoenderwoerdt ; married in New Amsterdam, 
anno 1646, Tryntje Jansen van Briestede, (who died at her son's in 
Rosendal, in 1711). By her he had two daughters and one son. 
Margaret, one of the daughters, married, in 1667, Jan Jansen Bleeck- 
er, who came from Meppel, province of Overyssel, to America, 
In 1658, and was the ancestor of the present highly respectable 
Bleecker family in this state. Rutger Jacobson was a magistrate in 
Rensselaerswyck as early as 1648, and continued to fill that office 
as late as 1662, and perhaps later. He owned a vessel on the river 
in 1649, in which year he rented, in partnership with Goosen Ger- 
rittsen., the Patroon's brewery, at 450 gl. a year, payable in addition 
one guilder for every ton of beer which they brewed. This duty 
amounted in the first year to 230 gl., and in the following season 
they worked up 1,500 schepels of malt. On the 3d of June, 1656, 
he laid the corner-stone of the "new church," in Beverswyck, and 
we find him subsequently part proprietor of Pachonakelick, called 
by the Dutch Mohican's, or Long Island, below Bethlehem. He had 
the character of an upright citizen, and to his credit it must be add- 
ed, he rose by his honest industry from small beginnings. 

Ryckert Rutgerson-, was engaged, when he first came out, at 130 gl. per 
annum for a term of 6 years. In 1648 he took a 6 years' lease of 
Bethlehem Island, at 300 gl. per annum, besides the tenths. He re- 
ceived three horses, and two or three cows on halves, and the Pa- 
troon was to build him a barn and dwelling-house, he cutting and 
drawing the timber, and boarding the carpenters. He was exempt 
from rent and tithes for the first year. In 1652 he surrendered his 
lease to Jan Ryersen, after whom this island has since been named. 

N. B. The Settlers of 1636 came out in the ship Rensselaerswyck, hav- 
ing sailed from Holland on the 1st October of that year. 

1637. 

Jan Michaelsen van Edam, tailor, and his boy. 

Pieter Nicolaussen van Nordinge. 

Teunis Cornelissen van Vechten, succeeded Michel Jansen on his farm 
in 1646, and lived in 1648 in the south end of Greenbush. 

Burger Joris, smith, 

Jan Ryersen; the island situate opposite the junction of the towns of 
Bethlehem and Coeymans, on the Hudson, was called Jan Ryersen's 
island, in consequence of this man having lived there in 1652. 

Abraham Stevensen, surnamed Croaet, a boy. 

Cornells Teunissen van Merkerk. 

Goosen Gerritsen van Schaick; married, 1st, Gerritje Brants, daughter 
of Brant Peelen^, 2d, in July,, 1657, Annetje Lievens. He was a 
brewer in the colonie in 1649, in which year he accepted, after a 
good deal of solicitation, the office of magistrate, or Gerechts per- 
soon. Was afterwards one of the part owners of Nachtenack, the 
Indian name for the site of the present village of Waterford, Saratoga 
county. 

Willem Juriaeaen Bakker, was banished from the colonie in 1650, at 
the age af seventy years, in consequence ,of his repeated misdeeds. 



20 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 

1638. 

Jan Dircksen van Amersfoort. Gerrit Hendricksen. 

Wybrant Pietersen. Cornells Leendertsen. 

Willem Meynten. Francis Allertsen, cooper. 

Martin Hendricksen van Hamelwaard. RoeloffCornelissenvanHouten. 

Adriaen Berghoorn. Volckert Jansen. 

Hendrick Fredricksen. Jacob Jansen Nostrandt. 

Christoffel Davits-, lived in 1650 on a farm at Dominie's Hoeck, now 
called Van Wie's Point. 

Claes Jansen Ruyter. Jacob Flodder, his man. 

Gysbert Adriaensen van Bunick; came out in the Key of Calmar. 

Teunis Dircksen van Vechten; came out with wife, child, and two ser- 
vants, in the "Arms of Norway," and had a farm in 1648 at Green- 
bush, north of that occupied by Teunis Cornelissen van Vechten. 
He is referred to in 1663 as "an old inhabitant here." 

1639. 

Jacob Adriaensen van Utrecht. Ryer Stoffelsen. 

Cryn Cornelissen; obtained a license in 1651 to erect a sawmill in com- 
pany with Hans Jansen van Rotterdam, on what is now Coeyman's 
Creek. 

Adam Roelantsen van Hamelwaard ; previously a schoolmaster in New 
Amsterdam. 

Sander Leendertsen Glen; married Catalyn Doncassen. He was one of 
the Indian traders at Beverswyck, and finally moved to Scotia, near 
Schenectada, of which tract he obtained a patent from Gov. Nicolls, 
in 1665. Reference is made probably to this gentleman by the 
French in their account of the burning of Schenectady, anno 1690, 
in the following terms: "At daybreak some men were sent to the 
dwelling of Mr. Sander, who was Major of the place at the other 
side of the river. He was not willing to surrender, and began to 
put himself on the defensive, with his servants and some Indians. 
But as it was resolved not to do him any harm, in consequence of 
the good treatment which the French had formerly experienced at 
his hands, M. d'Iberville and the great Agniez proceeded thither 
alone, promised him quarter for himself, his people and property, 
whereupon he laid down his arms on parole." 

Pieter Jacobsen and wife. Johan Poog. 

Gilles Barentsen. Claes Jansen van Breda. 

Cornelis Spierinck. Class Tyssen. 

1640. 

Nys Jacobsen. Jannitje Teunissen. 

Jan Teunissen, carpenter. 

Teunis Jacobsen van Schoenderwordt, brother to Rutger Jacobsen ; had 
90 gl. a year salary for the first three years, and 100 for the next 
three. He became a trader in 1651. 

Andries Hubertsen Constapel van derBlaes; married Annetje Juriaen- 
sen; owned a tile kiln in Beverswyck, and died in 1662. 



Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 21 

Andries de Vos, brother-in-law to Barent Pieterse Coeymans-, was 
Gerechts persoon, or magistrate, in 1648. 

Adriaen Teunissen van der Belt. Jan Creynen. 

Jan Jansen van Rotterdam; was killed in the Indian war, 1644. 

Jacob Jansen van Campen. Cornells Keyne van Houtten. 

Jan Cornelissen van Houtten. Claes Gerritsen. 

1641. 

Adriaen van der Donck, officier, or Sheriff. 

Cornells Antonissen van Slyck, alias Broer Cornelissen, was the first 
patentee of Katskill, anno 1646. Van Slyck's Island, opposite Sche- 
nectada, was so called after one of his sons, Jacques, to whom it 
was granted, 13th Nov., 1662, by Director Stuyvesant. 

Claes Gysbertsen. Joris Borrelingen, Engelsman. 

Jacob Wolfertsen, Claes Jansen van Ruth. 

Tennis de Metselaer. 

Cornelis Cornelissen van Schoonderwoerdt, alias " Vosje." 

1642. 

Dominie Johannes Megapolensis, Jun., 
Matheld Willemsen, his wife, 

Hellegond, Dirck, Jan, and Samuel, their children. Samuel M., 
the last named son, was sent to Harvard;College in 1657 ; spent three 
years there, and then proceeded to the University of Leyden, where 
he was licensed, in 1662, as a minister, and obtained the degree of 
M. D. On his return, he became Collegiate pastor of the church 
at New Amsterdam, and was appointed by Gev. Stuyvesant one of 
the commissioners to negotiate with the British the articles relating 
to the capitulation of the Province. Rev. Dr. De Witt. 

Abraham Staes, surgeon. 

Evert Pels van Steltyn, brewer, and wife; lived at the Mill Creek, 
Greenbush. 

Cornelis Lambertsen van Doom. Joachim Kuttelhuys van Cremyn. 

Johan Helms van Baasle. 

Juriaen Bestval van Luyderdorp, (near Leyden). 

Claes Jansen van Waalwyck. Paulus Jansen van Gertruydenburgh. 

Hans Vos van Baden, court messenger; was sheriff's constable in New 
Amsterdam in 1661. 

Lucas Smith van Ickemsburgh ; left the colonie in the spring of 1646, with 
the character of "een eerlyk ende vroom Jongman" an honorable 
and virtuous young man. 

Cornelis Crynnesen. 

Cornelis Hendricksen van Es, Gerechts persoon or magistrate. His 
daughter, Elizabeth, married one Banckers. " Cryn Cornelissen 
declares that, in the spring of 1643, while conveying some of the 
guests, on the ice, to the wedding of Van Es's daughter, a mare be- 
longing to him, (Cryn), and a stud belonging to Van der Donk, were 
drowned in the neighborhood of Black, or Horse's point (omtrent 
de Swarte, ofte Paerde Hoeck) for which he understands Van der 
Donck received 150 guilders ($60) from the wedding party." MS. 



22 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646, 

Cornells Gerritsen van Schoonderwoerdt. 

Wm. Fredericksen van Leyden, free carpenter. 

Antonie de Hooges M commis, afterwards Secretary of the Colonie. His 
daughter, and only child, says Bensen, "married Herman Rutgers, 
the ancestor of the respectable family of the name among us." De 
Hooges died 1658. The well-known promontory in the Highlands 
was called Anthony's Nose, after him. 

Johan Holmes. 

Juriaen van Sleswyck. 

Johan Corstiaenssen, mariner. 

Hendrick Albertsen; second time of <his coming out. He was the first 
ferrymaster in Beverwyck; died in 1648 or 1649, 

Gertrude Dries van Driesbergen, Hendrick Dries, her brother, 

his wife. 

Albert Jansen, van Amsterdam. Jan Jansen Flodder, carpenter. 

Geertje Mannix, widow, and two Pieter Wyncoop, commis. 
children. 

Nicolaus Koorn, sergeant or wachtmeester; succeeded Van der Donck 
as Sheriff. 

Adriaen Cornelissen van Bersingeren. Arendt Teunissen van Luyten. 

Cornelis Segers van Voorhoudt ; succeeded Van der Donck on the farm 
called Weelysburgh, on Castle island-, married Bregje Jacobsen, by 
whom he had six children-, Cornelis, Claes, Seger, Jannitje, Neltje, 
and Lysbeth. The last named married Francois Boon, without her 
parents' consent, and was disinherited, having been left by will only 
1 Flemish. Seger married Jannitje Teunissen van Vecthen, and 
was killed, anno 1662, by Andries Hubertsen in a brawl Many of 
the Segers family are still residents of the county of Albany. 

Jacob Aertsen Wagenaar. 

Jan Creyne van Houtten. 

Jan Dircksen, Engelsman, van Amersfoort. 

Kerry de Backer. " I have known a gunner, named Harry de Backer, 
who killed at one shot from his gun, eleven gray geese out of a large 
flock." Van der Donck. 

Adrian Willemsen; banished for theft in 1644. 

1643, 1644, 1645. 

Pieter Hertgers van Vee, was one of the commissaries of the court at 
Fort Orange in 1654; died in Holland, 1670. 

Abraham Clock. 

Jan Barentsen Wemp, removed subsequently to Schenectady, where he 
became proprietor of some land* His widow married Sweer Teu- 
nissen van Velde.. 

Richard Brigham. 

Lambert van Valckenburg. 

Jacob Jansen Schermerhorn, married Jannitje, daughter of Cornelis Se- 
gers. He was a prominent trader in Beverwyck in 1648, when he 
was arrested, by Stuyvesant, on a charge of selling fire-arms and 
ammunition to the Indians. His books and papers were seized, and 



Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 23 

himself removed a prisoner to Fort Amsterdam, where he was sen- 
tenced to banishment for five years, and the confiscation of all his 
property. By the interference of some leading citizens the first part 
of the sentence was struck out, but his property was totally lost. 
These proceedings against Schermerhorn formed, subsequently, a 
ground of complaint against Stuyvesant to the States General. 

Claes Teunissen, alias " Uylenspiegel." 

Gysbert Cornelissen van Wesepe ; called also Gysbert op de Berg, from 
the fact of his having lived on a farm called the " Hooge Berg," 
situate on the east side of the river, a little below Albany, which 
he rented in 1649 at 300 gl. a year. This farm still retains its origin- 
al Dutch name, and is now owned by Joachim Staats, Esq. 

1646. 

Jan Jansen van Bremen; lived in Bethlehem, and moved, anno 1540, 
to Katskill. 

Harman Mynderts van der Bogaert, arrived in New Neterland, anno 
1631, as surgeon of the company's ship the Eendracht; he continued 
in the company's service to 1633, after which he resided in New 
Amsterdam until appointed commissary to Fort Orange. He was 
highly respected, though from all accounts he appears to have been 
of an irascible temper, An instance is mentioned of his having at- 
tempted, in the excitement of a high quarrel, when both appear to 
have been in a violent passion, to throw the Director-general out of 
a boat in which they were sailing on the river; he was, it is added, 
with difficulty prevented from accomplishing his purpose. He oc- 
casionally wrote his name Harmanus & Boghardij. He came, I be- 
lieve, to a violent death in 1649. Carl van Brugge succeeded him 
as commissary at Fort Orange. 

Jan van Hoosem. Hendrick Westercamp. 

Jacob Herrick. 

Jan Andriessen van Dublin, leased abouwerie in 1649, described as lying- 
"north of Stoney point, being the north half of the Flatt." 

Tomas Higgens. Jan Willemsen Scuth. 

Wolf Nyssen ; executed. Willem Leendertsen, brass-founder. 

Pieter Bronck; built a tavern in Beverwyck, in 1651, which was then 
the third at that place ; afterwards lived at Coxackie, the creek at 
which place was called by the Dutch, Peter Bronck's kill. 

Tomas Kenningh. Jacob Jansen van Stoutenburgh. 

Jan de Neger; Scherprechter, or hangman to the colonie. 



24 Sentence of Willem Juriaensen Bakker. 

SENTENCE OF WILLEM JURIAENSEN BAKKER. 

As the minute in the Gerechts rolle, or court register, of the sentence 
pronounced against this public disturber will afford some idea of the 
strictness of the police in those days, we are tempted to translate it. 
CTCallaghan's Hist, of N. Netherland, p. 437. 

"Their worships, the Commissioners and Council of the colonie of 
Rensselaerswyck, having duly considered and weighed the demand of the 
Honorable Director, as prosecutor against Willem Juriaensen Bakker, and 
finding that he was already banished out the colonie by their Worshipful 
Court, on the 4th February, 1644; and afterwards because that he at- 
tempted on the Lord's highway with a knife to stab the person of Antonie 
de Hooges, then commis to the Noble Patroon, whereby he, in as much 
as in him lay, did commit a murder, for which he, on the 28th August, 
1647, was banished from the colonie; and he having by petition prayed 
for a respite, which was granted to him, he pledged all his goods, and 
also subjected himself to the banishment of his person, should he happen 
to insult any person within or without the court, or to do any thing that 
should be displeasing, or worthy of punishment. Therefore, the Honora- 
ble Prosecutor, recapitulating the same, has set forth, to wit, that he, 
the Delinquent, hath .so frightened and shocked a certain woman, [Saertje 
Cornelis, wife of Thomas Sanderssen Smith], hat according to her com- 
plaint, she hath miscarried; Secondly, that he hath unjustly censured 
some honorable people, among others some of the Worshipful Court here, 
asserting, as relates to the agreement between him and Jan van Hoesem, 
that they had written a falsehood ; Thirdly, having been quietly spoken 
to about the purchase of two beasts, he entering the house, called out 
that he had a knife in his sleeve, and that, if he were meddled -with, he 
should pay the Honorable Prosecutor with it. Besides, being summoned 
on account of these enormities, he did openly insult the Honorable Prose- 
cutor here, saying, 'I must bury you; I am summoned before the court; 
I must hang.' Moreover have we been assured by trustworthy persons, 
'that he hath said to certain females who were proceeding to partake of 
the Lord's Supper, 'Is it a bit of bread you want? Come to my house 
and I'll give you a whole loaf;' and divers other things. [On being 
asked his age, ' to the contempt of the court, he said he was about twenty- 
one, though it is known to us that he is at least seventy years of age.] 
WHEREFORE, he being a blasphemer, a street-scold, a murderer as far as 
his intentions are concerned, a defamer, a contemner of law and justice, 
and a disturber of the public peace, their Worships of the court aforesaid 
have adjudged and sentenced, as they do hereby sentence and adjudge, 
that the aforesaid sentence of banishment shall stand fast, and he Willem 
Juriaensen, is hereby banished out the district and jurisdiction of this 
colonie, from now henceforth and forever, to leave by the first vessel, and 
never more to return, on pain of corporal punishment: all with costs of 
court. Thus sentenced, c., in College, this 18th July, 1650, to the 
knowledge of me, "A. DE HOOGES, Secretary. 

"27th July, 1650. Resolved, that Willem Juriaensen shall be con- 
veyed on board of Rutger Jacobsen, and then released, Rutger Jacobsen 
promising to give him a passage in his yacht to the Manhattans." 



Streets, Lanes, Alleys, fyc. 27 

Franklin St., from Lydius to southern boundary, 1st east South Pearl. 

Fulton street, from Lydius to Plain, 1st west South Pearl. 

Gansevoort St., from river to western boundary, southernmost street. 

Grand street, from Beaver to Arch. 

Hawk street, from northern to southern boundary, 1st west Eagle. 

Hamilton street, from river to western boundary, 1st north Lydius. 

Hare street, from head of Orange to western boundary. 

Herkimer street, from river to South Pearl. 

Howard street, from South Pearl to Eagle, 1st south State. 

Hudson street, from river to western boundary. 

Hudson Square, fronts on Washington, Partridge and Ontario. 

High street, from State to Lydius, 2d west Eagle. 

Jackson street, from Colonie to Spencer, 1st east Broadway. 

James street, from State to Columbia, 1st west do. 

Jay street, from Eagle to Lark, 3d south Stale. 

John street, from river to Franklin, 1st north Ferry. 

Jefferson street, from Eagle to Delaware Square, 1st south Lydius. 

Knox street, from Elk to southern boundary, 1st west Lark. 

Lark street, from southern boundary to Patroon,4th west Eagle. 

Lawrence street, from river to Broadway, 1st north canal basin. 

Lewis Alley, from Grand west. 

Lumber street, from river to western boundary, 3d south canal basin. 

Lydius street, from river to western boundary. 

Lancaster street, from Eagle to western boundary, 2d south State. 

Lodge street, from Beaver to Columbia, 2d west North Pearl. 

Liberty street, from Hudson to Lydius, 1st west Broadway. 

Maiden Lane, from river to Eagle, 1st north State. 

Mercer street, from Delaware turnpike to Alms House Square. 

Montgomery street, from Steuben to northern boundary. 

Morris street, from Delaware Square to northern boundary. 

Morton street, from Clinton to Dove. 

Mulberry street, from river to Franklin, 3d south Lydius. 

North Ferry street, from Bath ferry to Broadway. 

North Lansing street, from river to Broadway, 2d south canal basin. 

North Pearl street, from Slate to northern boundary. 

North Square, fronts on Lark, Canal, Knox and Elk. 

Norton street, (late Store Lane,) from Green to South Pearl. 

Nucella street, from river to Gansevoort. 

Ontario street, northern to southern boundary, 2d west Alms House. 

Orange street, from river to Hare, 4lh north State. 

Park street, from State to Lancaster, 1st west Eagle. 

Partridge street, from southern boundary to Schenectady turnpike. 

Patroon street, from Broadway to western boundary, 6th north State. 

Perry street, beginning at Alms House Square, southern to northern 

boundary. 
Pier, runs from foot of Hamilton, north 4323 feet, and 80 feet broad 

to the foot of Lawrence street, forming a basin of an area of 32 and 

1-lOth acres. 

Pine street, from Chapel to Eagle, 2d north of State. 
Philip street, from Lydius to Hudson, 3d west South Pearl. 
Plain street, from South Pearl to Philip, 1st south Hudson. 
Pleasant street, from Western to Schenectady turnpike. 
Plumb street, from river to Franklin, 1st south Bassett. 



28 Wards. 

Providence street, from Delaware turnpike to Alms House Square. 

Quackenbush street, from river to Broadway. 

Quail street, from northern to southern boundary, 1st west Alms House. 

Quay street, along the dock, from " to Orange street. 

Kensselaer street, from river to South Pearl, 2d south Ferry. 

Robin street, from Alms House Square to Washington, 1st west Snipe. 

Rose street, from Hamilton to Lydius, 1st west Green. 

Sand street, from Lark to western boundary. 

Schuyler street, from river to Clinton, 4th south Ferry. 

Second street, from Ten Broeck to western boundary. 

South Lansing street, from river to Franklin, 1st south Herkimer. 

South Pearl street, from State to Gansevoort. 

Spencer street, from river to Broadway, 1st south Lumber. 

Spruce street, from Eagle to Lark, 1st north Elk. 

State street, from river to western boundary. 

Steuben street, from river to Eagle, 2d north State. 

Snipe street, beginning at Alms House, to northern boundary. 

Swan street, from southern to northern boundary, 2d west Eagle. 

Ten Broeck street, from Patroon to Colonie, 1st west North Pearl. 

Third street, from Ten Broeck to western boundary. 

Union street, from Lydius to Hudson, 2d west Broadway. 

Van Tromp street, from Broadway to North Pearl, 1st n. Columbia. 

Van Schaack street, from North Pearl to Cross, 1st west Canal. 

Van Woert street, from Broadway to western boundary. 

Van Zandt street, from South Pearl to Philip, 1st north Lydius. 

Vine street, from river to Franklin, south Nucella. 

"Warren street, from Eagle to Alms House Square, 2d south Ferry. 

Washington St., from Academy and Capitol Parks to western boundary. 

Washington Square, fronts on Stale. Knox, Lydius and Willett. 

Water street, from northern boundary to Steubea, 1st west Quay. 

Westerlo street, from river to Delaware Square, 2d south Lydius. 

William street, from Hudson to Howard, 1st west South Pearl. 

Wilson street, from Broadway to Ten Broeck, 1st south Lumber. 

Willett street, from State to Lydius, 1st west Lark. 

Yates street, from Delaware Square to western boundary. 



AN ACT 

For the Division and Equalization of the Wards of the City of Al- 
bany , and for other purposes. Passed March 3Qth, 1841. 

FIRST WARD. Beginning at a point where the south bounds of the 
city intersect the west line of Rensselaer street; thence running north 
along the east bounds of the city to a point opposite the centre of Arch 
street; thence westerly through the centre of Arch street to the cen. 
tre of Hallenbake street; thence northerly through the centre of Hal- 
lenbake street to the centre of ^rch street from the west; thence westerly 
through the centre of Arch street to the centre of Eagle street; thence 
southerly through the centre of Eagle street to the south bounds of the 
city; thence easterly along said south bounds to the place of beginning. 



Wards. 29 

SECOND WARD. Beginning at the intersection of the centre of Arch 
street with the east bounds of the city, and running thence northerly 
along the said bounds of the city to a point opposite the centre of Her- 
kiraer street; thence westerly along the centre of Herkimer street to the 
centre of Pearl street: thence southerly along the centre of Pearl street 
to the centre of Westerlo street; thence westerly along the centre of 
Westerlo street to the centre of Hallenbake street; thence northerly 
along the centre of Hallenbake street to the centre of Westerlo street 
from the west; thence westerly along the centre of Westerlo street to 
the centre of Eagle street; thence southerly along the centre of Eagle 
street to the centre of Arch street; thence easterly along the centre of 
Arch street to the centre of Hallenbake street; thence southerly along 
the centre of Hallenbake street to the centre of Arch street from the 
east; thence easterly along the centre of Arch street to the east bounds 
of the city and place of beginning. 

THIRD WARD. Beginning at a point in the easterly bounds of the 
city opposite the centre of Herkimer street, and running thence northerly 
along said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of Hamilton street; 
thence westerly along the centre of Hamilton street to the centre of Eagle 
street; thence southerly along the centre of Eagle street to the centre of 
Westerlo street; thence easterly along the centre of Westerlo street to 
the centre of Hallenbake street; thence southerly along the centre of 
Hallenbake street to the centre of Westerlo street from the east; thence 
easterly through the centre of Weslerlo street to the centre of Pearl 
street; thence northerly through the centre of Pearl street to the centre 
of Herkimer street; thence easterly along the centre of Herkimer street 
to the place of beginning. 

FOURTH WARD, 'Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city 
opposite the centre of Hamilton street, and running thence northerly 
along said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of State street 
bridge; thence westerly through the centre of State street bridge and 
State street to the centre of Eagle street; thence southerly along the cen- 
tre of Eagle street to the centre of Hamilton street; thence easterly along 
the centre of Hamilton street to the east bounds of the city and place of 
beginning. 

FIFTH WARD. Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city 
opposite the centre of State street bridge; thence running northerly along 
said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of Columbia street bridge; 
thence westerly along the centre of said bridge and of Columbia street 
to the centre of Pearl street; thence northerly along the centre of Pearl 
street to the centre of Fox street; thence westerly along the centre of 
Fox street to the centre of a street thirty-six Ryland feet in width, and 
leading from Fox to Spruce streets; thence southerly through the cen- 
tre of said street to the centre of Spruce street; thence easterly through 
the centre of Spruce street to the centre of Eagle street; thence southerly 
through the centre of Eagle street to the centre of State street; thence 
easterly along the centre of State street and of the State street bridge to 
the east bounds of the city and place of beginning. 

SIXTH WARD. Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city 
opposite the centre of the Columbia street bridge, and running thence 
northerly along said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of Lum- 
ber street; thence westerly along the centre of Lumber street to the cen- 
tre of Ten Broeck street; thence southerly along the centre of Ten Broeck 



30 Wards. 

street to the centre of Patroon street; thence easterly along the centre of 
Patroon street to the centre of Chapel street; thence southerly along the 
centre of Chape! street to the centre of Canal street; thence easterly along 
the centre of Canal street to the centre of Pearl street; thence southerly 
along the centre of Pearl street to the centre of Columbia street; thence 
easterly along the centre of Columbia street and the Columbia street 
bridge to the east bounds of the city and place of beginning. 

SEVENTH WARD. Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city 
opposite the centre of Lumber street, and running thence northerly along 
the east bounds of the city until it strikes a point opposite a red cedar 
post with brick around it, standing on the west bank of the Hudson river, 
which post is distant twenty-two chains and thirty-six links from the 
south-east corner of the storehouse of Stephen Van Rensselaer, on a 
course, north forty degrees and twenty minutes west; thence westerly to 
the said cedar post; thence north forty-eight degrees west to the west 
bounds of the late town of Colonie; thence southerly along said west 
bounds to the centre of Lumber street; thence easterly along the centre 
of Lumber street to the east bounds of the city and place of beginning. 

EIGHTH WARD. Beginning at the intersection of the centre of Canal 
and Chapel streets; thence running northerly along the centre of Chapel 
to the centre of Patroon street; thence westerly along the centre of Pa- 
troon street to the centre of Ten Broeck street; thence northerly along 
the centre of Ten Broeck street to the centre of Lumber street; thence 
westerly along the centre of Lumber street to the west bounds of the 
late town of Colonie; thence southerly along said west bounds to the 
centre of Patroon street; thence easterly along the centre of Patroon 
street to the centre of Lark street; thence southerly along the centre of 
Lark street to the centre of Spruce street; thence easterly along the cen- 
tre of Spruce street to the centre of a street leading from Spruce to Canal 
streets, of thirty-six Ryland feet in width; thence northerly along the 
centre of said street to the centre of Canal street; thence easterly along 
the centre of Canal street to the place of beginning. 

NINTH WARD. Beginning at the intersection of Eagle and State 
streets, and running thence northerly along the centre of Eagle street to 
the centre of Spruce street; thence westerly along the centre of Spruce 
street to the centre of Lark street; thence northerly along the centre of 
Lark street to the centre of Patroon street; thence westerly along the 
centre of Patroon street to the west bounds of the late town of Colonie; 
thence southerly to the south side of Patroon street; thence westerly 
along the north range of the city to the west bounds thereof; thence 
southerly along said west bounds to the centre of Lydius street; thence 
easterly along the centre of Lydius street to the centre of Main Avenue; 
thence northerly through the centre thereof to the centre of State street; 
thence easterly along the centre of State street to the place of beginning. 

TENTH WARD. Beginning at the intersection of the centre of Eagle 
street with the south bounds of the city, and running thence north through 
the centre of Eagle street to the centre of State street; thence westerly 
through the centre of State street to the centre of Main avenue; thence 
southerly through the centre of Main avenue to the centre of Lydius 
street; thence westerly along the centre of Lydius street to the west 
bounds of the city; thence southerly along said west bounds to the south 
bounds of the city; thence easterly along said south bounds to the place 
of beginning. 



Banks. 31 

BANKS. 

The banks are open every day in the year, from ten A. M. to two p. 
M., except Sundays and holidays. The interest for discount in the banks 
in this city, is fixed at 7 per centum per annum. Three days of grace 
are allowed, and the discount taken for the same. Every bill or note 
offered for discount, must be delivered the day preceding: the day of dis- 
count. Bills or notes lodged at the banks for collection, when protested 
for non-payment, the person lodging the same pays the charge of pro- 
test. Deposits of money, or notes for collection, must be entered in 
dealer's book at the time of deposit. No interest allowed on deposits. 

BANK OF ALBANY, No. 42 State street: incorporated April 10, 1792; 
charter expires in 1855; capital, $240,000; shares, $30 each; dividends, 
May and November; discount day, Thursday. Jacob H. Ten Eyck, pre- 
sident; Jellis Winne, jr., cashier; J. H. Ten Eyck, Teunis Van Vechten, 
Harmon Pumpelly. Henry Bleecker, Volkert P. Douw, William Walch, 
Benjamin Tibbitts. David Newland. J. Winne, jr., Andrew D. Lansing, 
Daniel Cady, directors; E. R. Phelps, teller; N. Bleecker, jr., book- 
keeper; John Sill, discount clerk; Charles Lansing and Henry Wilkin- 
son, clerks. 

Reminiscences. A great many projects were on foot in the year 1792. The capi- 
talists were eager for a bank, and a meeting: was called on the 3d of February, at Lewis's 
Tavern, (south side of State street, corner Pearl,) to discuss the subject. There was at 
this time, it is believed, but one bank in the state, the Bank of Few York, the stock of 
which was fifty per cent, above par. It was decided that the interests of the northern 
part of the state required the location of a bank at Albany. Some one writing for the 
newspapers, confidently asserted that a hundred thousand dollars would be Kubscribed in 
a few hours in the city alone; but it was libernlly resolved that the neighboring places 
should be permitted to share in the honors and emoluments of the enterprise. At a subse- 
quent meeting, the outlines of a plan for the establishment of a bank were piesented. The 
name of the institution to be The Albany Bank; the capital, $75,f>00, to be divided into 
500 shares, of 8150 each: $15 to be paid on subscribing, and the remainder in three in- 
stalments ; 13 directors to constitute the board, 9 of whom to be residents of the city. 
Jeremiah Van Ren*selaer, Jacob Vanderheyden, and Barent Bleecker, were to open the 
books for subscriptions in the week following, and to close them as soon as five hundred 
shares should be subscribed. Accordingly the committee opened the books on the 17th 
of February, and the stock was overrun in amount in less than three hours Alter the 
books were closed, offers of 10 per cent, advance were made on the stock, and on Satur- 
day, the day following, it rose to one hundred per cent. cash. Application was immedi- 
ately made to the legislature for a charter, and as the prospect of its being granted was 
more or less doubtful during the progress of the bill, the price of the stock rose r,r fell, 
creating no little excitement and speculation in this quiet region, where stock transac- 
tions were quite a novelty. At one lime it is said to have stood at $100 premium on a 
share upon which only $15 had been paid. Sit-phen Van Rensselaer was elected presi- 
dent. Towards the close of the session the act of incorporation became a law. The 
first election of directors was held on the 12th of June, at the City Tavern, and resulted 
as follows: Abraham Ten Broeck, Cornelius Glen, Stephen Van Kensselaer, Jeremiah 
Van Rensselaer, John Maley, Abraham \ an Vechten, Henry Cuyler, John Stevenson, 
James Caldwell, Jacob Vandei heyden, Goldsbrow Banvar, Daniel Hale, Elkanah W at- 
son. At a meeting of the directors thus chosen, Abraham Ten Hroeck was elected pre- 
sident. The bank was opened for deposits on the 16th of July, and began to discount on 
the 17th. The rate of interest was 6 per cent. In September notice was given that notes 
of 45 davs only would be discounted. 'I he act of incorporation limited the capital stock 
to S'260,000; each share to be 400 Spanish milled dollars, or its equivalent This did not 
exhaust the idle capital, and those who were unable to get bank stock, proposed to build 
an aqueduct. Whether they designed to throw cold water on the farmer project does not 
appear, but it will be allowed that their scheme promised to furnish an equally useful 
circulating medium. 

In 1797 a report was published in the New Vork papers that the Albany Bank had fail- 
ed, on account of the great influx of counterfeits of its own bills. The bank had now 
been in operation five years, aiid there bad not yet been a counterfeit discovered. Its af- 



32 Banks. 

fairs appear to have been managed with great prudence and considerable ability, and in 
proportion to its capita], possessed more specie than any other bank in the country. The 
current price of its stock was from 45 to 50 per cent, above par. The banking house was 
originally located in Pearl street, and afterwards removed to the building next to the 
Mansion House on the south; in February, 1S10, it was removed to the north rast corner 
of State and Court streets, the present *ite of the Exchange; and when the latter building 
was erected, the bank was removed to No. 42 State street, where it now remains. 

NEW YORK STATE BANK, No. 69 State street: incorporated in 1803 ; 
charter expires in 1851 ; capital, $369,000; shares, $28; dividends, 5 per 
cent, serni-annually, in March and September; discount day, Monday. 
Rufus H. Kins:, president; J. B. Plumb, cashier; Rufus H. King, G. Y. 
Lansing, JoefRathbone, M. T. Reynolds, William Adams, R. Boyd, P. 
Gansevoort, W. E. Bleecker, W. C. Miller, L. Chapin, J. B. Plumb, A. 
Mclntyre, directors; H. A. Allen, teller; John S. Leake and H. S. Lan- 
sing, book-keepers; John H. Van Antwerp, corresponding clerk; William 
McHarg and John Strother, clerks; Isaac Fondey and James A. Chest- 
ney, western department. 

Reminiscences, This bank was incorporated with a capital of $460,000. At a meeting 
of the directors on the 25th of March, 1803, John Taylor was chosen president, and John 
W. Yales cashier. It commenced business on Wednesday, Sept. 7; banking hours from 
9 to 12, and from 2 to 4. Notes offered for discount were to be drawn payable at the bank, 
unless the drawer resided in the city of Albany or New York. Discounts were made for 
86 days. In December the bank altered its hours of business, opening at 9, and closing 
at 2. On the 10th of May, 1904, they commenced business in their new banking house, 
where they have ever since continued. By the act of incorporation, the comptroller, to- 
gether with John Taylor, Thomas Tillotson, Abraham G. Lansing, Peter Gansevoort, 
Jr., Elkanah Watson, John R. Rleecker, Francis Bloodgood, John Robinson, Gilbert 
Stewart, John D. P. Douw, Richard Lush, and Thomas Mather, were constituted the 
first directors. The business was to be confined to the city of Albany, the rate of inte- 
rest to be 6 per cent., and the state reserved the^right of subscribing 3000 shares. 

MECHANICS' AVD FARMERS' BANK, corner of Broadway and Exchange 
street: incorporated in 1811; charter expires in 1853; capital, $442,000; 
shares, $17; dividends, semi-annually, in May and November; dis- 
count days, Tuesdays and Fridays. Thomas W. Olcott, president; 
Samuel S. Fowler, vice-president; Edward E. Kendrick, cashier; Thos. 
W. Olcott, Samuel S. Fowler. Friend Humphrey, Henry Newman, Jameg 
Kidd, Lemuel Steele, Thomas Hillhouse, Hugh Humphrey Harmanus 
Bleecker, W. W. Forsyth, James B. Jermain, Robert Shepherd, directors; 
Thomas Olcott, teller; O. M. Beach, second teller; Theodore Olcott, 2d, 
third teller; Constantine Kowalski, general book-keeper; William Mc- 
Hench, discount clerk; James A. Pratt, entry clerk; Edmund Winne, 
clerk; John F. Jenkins, notary; John Highland, porter; T. W. Olcott, 
pension agent; Lemuel Jenkins and Robert Shepherd, accountants. 

Reminiscences. The history of the origin and infancy of this institution, would be 
quite interesting to the present generation, since there were some phases in banking ope- 
rations at that remote period, which are unknown now. The capital stock was limited 
to 600,000 dollnrs. The first election for directors was held on Monday, June 1, 1812. 
It seems to have been very generally understood among the stockholders for some time 
previous, that two federalists should be admitted into the board, tho directors named in 
the law being all democrats; but wl ose seats should be vacated for their admission, was 
not so easily agreed upon. The election opened at 10 o'clock, at the Columbian Hotel, 
in Court street, and was continued to a late hour in the afternoon. It was a warm and 
animated contest, and finally resulted in the election of the following: Solomon South- 
wick, president; Benjamin Knowcr, Elisha Dorr, Isaac Denniston, Benjamin Van Ben- 
Ihuysen, William Fowler, George Merchant, Thomas Lennington, Giles W. Porter, 
Willard Walker, Walter Weed, Peter Boyd and Isaac Hutton. The two latter were 
elected in the place of Spencer Stafford and John Bryan. Of that board it is believed 
there are three or four survivors. At the next annual election Isaac Hutton was elected 
president, and the direction consisted of Thomas Lennington, Peter Boyd, Benjamin 



Banks. 33 

Knower, Russell Forsyth, William Fowler, William Boyd, Elisha Dorr, Walter Weed, 
Giles W. Porter, Benjamin Van Benthuysen, Charles E. Dudley and Thomas Herring. 
This bank has ever been conducted with signal ability and success. 

COMMERCIAL BANK, No 40 State street: incorporated in 1825; charter 
expired in 1847, and the institution is now under the general banking 
law; capital, $300,000; shares, $20; dividends, July and January; 
discount days, Mondays and Thursdays. John Townsend, president; 
John L. Schoolcraft, vice-president; James Taylor, cashier; John Town- 
send, J. L. Schoolcraft, John Gott, James Homer, Augustus James, 
Giles Sanford, James D. Wasson. Robert H. Pruyn, Andrew White, 
Anthony M. Strong, Anthony Gould, William C. Durant; John B. Was- 
son, teller; Frederick S. Pease, book-keeper; George C. Lee, Charles 
Lansing, James G. Stafford, clerks; John F. Batchelder, discount and 
Savings Bank clerk. 

Reminiscences On the 20th of October, 1813, John Bogart, George Webster, E. F. 
Backus, Joseph H. Webb and Vinal Luce gave notice of application to ihe legislature 
for a charter to incorporate the Albany Commercial Bank, with a capital of 81, 250,000. 
The banking capital of the state was at this time 20,350 000, exclusive of 9810,000 which 
the state reserved the privilege of subscribing; making an aggregate $21,160,000. Noticed 
of application were now given for eighteen more hanks, with an aggregate capital of $15,- 
250,000. Three of these were from Albany, viz.: the Merchants' Hank, Commercial 
Bank, and North River Bank; in New York, Millers' Bank, Grocers' Bark, Commission 
Company, Coal Company, Patent Cloth Manufacturing Company, Nortii River Compa- 
ny, Vermont Mining and Smelting Company; also one at Utica, Schenectady, Johnstown, 
Cooperstown, Auburn, Canandaigua, Geneva and Oxford, No bank, however, was 
chartered in Albany until 1825, when the Commercial Bank went into operation, having 
no connection with the one above contemplated The present bauk has at different times 
lost nearly the whole amount of its capital by peculation, but by extraordinary good ma- 
nagement recovered itself again, and enjoys a high reputation for its soundness and tbo 
ability of its officers. 

CANAL BANK, No. 40 State street: incorporated in 1829; charter ex- 
pires in 1854; capital, $300,000; shares, $20. This bank failed in July, 
1848, the first bank failure in Albany, and its affairs are in the hands of 
a receiver. 

ALBANY CITY BANK, No. 47 State street: incorporated in 1834; char- 
ter expires in 1864; capital, $500,000; shares, $100; dividends, April and 
October; discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. Eraslus Corning, pre- 
sident; Watts Sherman, cashier; Erastus Corning, Ellis Baker, Martin 
Van Alstyne, Bradford R. Wood, William Seymour, John V. L. Pruyn, 
John Knower, James M. Cook. Watts Sherman, William Smith. William 
Humphrey, H. H. Martin, Eli Perry, directors; C.L. Garfield, teller; D. 
W. C.Rice and John T. Marshall, book-keepers; Isaac Fondey, discount 
clerk and notaryp ublic; Simeon J. Leake, corresponding clerk; T. A. 
Knower, in western department; Jacob Downing, jr., Dudley Van Vliet, 
F. Van Vliet and Story, clerks. 

ALBANY EXCHANGE BANK, No. 3 Exchange Building: certificates 
filed December 11, 1838, to continue 662 years; capital $311.100, with 
privilege to increase to $10,0 0,000; dividends, January and July; dis- 
count days, Tuesdays and Fridays. George W. Stanton, president; 
Noah Lee, cashier; George W. Stanton, Samuel Stevens, James Me- 
Naughton, John Taylor, Oliver Steele, John M Newton, Ichabod L. 
Judson, Samuel Pruyn, Galen Batchelder, Gaylor Sheldon, L. G. Tay- 
lor, William McElroy, F. J. Barnard, directors; Andrew McElroy teller ; 
Joseph M. Lovelt, bookkeeper; Wm. H. Lee, discount clerk; John 
Ward, clerk. 



34 Insurance Companies. 

ALBANY SAVINGS BANK: incorporated in 1820 ; being the oldest in the 
state. Open at the Commercial Bank, No. 40 State street, every day, 
to receive deposits. It pays an interest of 5 per cent, per annum to de- 
positors, payable half-yearly, on the third Wednesday in January and 
July. John Townsend, president ; Teunis Van Vechten, 1st vice-presi- 
dent; Samuel Stevens, 2d vice-president; John L. Winne, 3d vice presi- 
dent ; William Fewton, William McHarg, James Taylor, Rufus H. King, 
Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Gerrit Y. Lansing, John I. Boyd, Frederick I. Bar- 
nard, Benjamin Tibbits, James Stevenson, William E. Bleecker, Robert 
H. Pruyn, Harmon Pumpelly, James D. Wasson, Friend Humphrey, di- 
rectors ; James Taylor, treasurer : Robert H. Pruyn, secretary. Open, 
during banking hours, from 10 to 2 o'clock. 



INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

ALBANY INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 56 State street: incorporated March 
8, 1811; charter expires 1851; capital, $300,000; shares, $60. Teunis 
VanVechten, president; Stephen Groesbeck, secretary; Gerrit Y. Lan- 
sing, Rufus H. King, Augustus James, Marcus T. Reynolds, Lewis 
Benedict, Archibald Mclntyre, John Townsend, Wm. C. Miller, Henry 
Bleecker, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Herman Pumpelly, John T. Cooper, di- 
rectors. 

The original charter fixed the shares at 8100, and limited the number at 500. The di- 
rectors named in the actof incorporation were, Elisha Jenkins, Philip S. Van Rensselaer, 
Isaiah Townsend, Dudley Walsh, Henry Guest jr., Charles Z. Plan, Simeon De Witt, 
Stephen Lush, Chas. D. Cooper, Thomas Gould, John Woodworlh, Peter Gansevoort, 
Christian Miller. 

FIREMEN'S INSURANCE COMPANY, corner of State and Green streets; 
Incorporated in 1831; charter expires 1861; capital, $150,000; shares, 
$10. James Stevenson, president; Richard Van Rensselaer, secretary; 
John Taylor, Peter Gansevoort, Thomas McElroy, Hush Humphrey, 
George \V. Stanton, Lemuel Steele, Egbert Egberts, William Adams, 
Lansing Pruyn, John M. Newton, Lyman Chapin, Benjamin Tibbits, 
Stephen Van Rensselaer, Henry Newman, Gerrit V S. Bleecker, Joel 
Rathbone, E. P. Prentice, A. E. Brown, Joseph Davis, J. H. Ten Eyck, 
C. A. De Forest, Andrew White, S. S. Peck, A. Van Vorst, directors. 

MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF ALBANY, 
No. 450 Broadway: incorporated in 1836; charter expires 1856. Eras- 
tus Corning, president; Matthew Trotter, secretary; B. P. Staats, Eli 
Perry, Watts Sherman, Daniel Fry, H. H. Martin, Giles Sanford, John 
Knower, J. G. Cotrell, Peter Relyea, Ellis Baker, John Van Valken- 
burgh, Jared A. Post, directors. 

MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, S. Groesbeck, agent, 
No. f>6 State street. 

AMERICAN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, William C. Miller, 
agent. No. 56 State street. 

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF LONDON, Wm. 
Lacy, agent, Argus Office. 

FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., D. S. Durrie, agent, 
Albany. 






Clergy. 




EQUITABLE LIFE INSURANCE, ANNUITY AND TRUST COMPANY, L. 
Birdseye, agent, No. 59 State street. 

CITY FIEE INSURANCE COMPANY or NEW YORK, P. W. Groot, agent, 
No. 49 State street. 

-<TNA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., John F. Jen- 
kins, agent, No. 7 Commercial Buildings. 

PROTECTION INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., John F. Jen- 
kins, agent, No. 7 Commercial Buildings. 

PROTECTION INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY, L. Norton, agent, 
No. 10 Douw's Buildings. 

EAGLE LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, C. W. 
Bentley, No. 80 Quay street; Wm. C. Schuyler, No. 10 Douw's Buildings; 
S. P Carter, at Wells & Co.'s Express Office, agents. 

MUTUAL SAFETY INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, J.W. Ford, 
agent, No. 460 Broadway. 

LEXINGTON FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, Heminway 8c 
Dowd, agents, No. 2. Exchange, first floor. 

COLUMBUS INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, H. C. Southwick. 
agent, No. 15 Exchange, first floor. 

NORTH AMERICAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, S. Groesbeck, agent, 
No. 56 State street. 

CAMDEN FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY, 
C. \V. Bentley, agent, No. 80 Quay street. 

NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, E. Satterlee, agent, No. 61 
State street. 

LEXINGTON FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, agent. 

FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY AT SOMERVILLE, Lambert 
Norton, agent, No. 10 Douw's Buildings. 

HOPE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., Henry 
R. Gosman, agent, No. 440 Broadway. 

NORTH WESTERN INSURANCE COMPANY, J. W. Ford 3 agent, No. 460 
Broadway. 



CLERGY. 

J. W. Belknap, Arbor Hill Meth., J. Miles, Bethel, 

S. D. Brown, Washingston st. " S. F. Morrow, Associate Pres., 

J N. Campbell, 1st Presbyterian, J. Newbourg, Bethel Jacob, 

W. H. Campbell, South Dutch, H. N. Pohlman, Evan. Eb. Luth., 

W. S. Clapp, Green st. Baptist, H. Potter, St. Peter's, 

J. Clark, Hudson st. Methodist, Wm. Putnam, St. Mary's, 

J. J. Conroy, Ct. Joseph's, T. R. Rawson, City Missionary, 

B. M. Hall, Garretson Station, L. A. Sandford, Ferry st. Meth., 

E. A. Huntington, 3d Presbyterian, F. W. Schmidt, Ger. Evan. Luth., 

D. Kennedy, North Dutch, E. Selkirk, Trinity, 

W. I. Kip, St. Paul's, W. B. Sprague, 2d Presbyterian, 

T. A. Kyle, St. Mary's, R. Warren, State st. Baptist, 

M. Lawer, German Methodist, B. T. Welch, North Pearl " 

J. Lowrey, Wesleyan u Barry, South '' " 

B. M. Martin, 4th Presbyterian, I. Wise, Synagogue, 

J. McCloskey, bishop, Cathedral, I. N. Wyckoff, Middle Dutch. 

P. McCloskey, St. John's, 



36 



Practicing Attorneys. 



PRACTICING ATTORNEYS. 



Otis Allen, 

C. L. Austin, 

R. L. G. Bancroft, 

D. D. Barnard, 
W. Barnes, 



Nicholas Hill, Jr., 
Robert J. Hilton, 
W. J. D. Hilton, 
L. D. Holstein, 
Thomas D. James, 



L.Benedict, Jr., Sur'gateCharles M. Jenkins, 



Lucien Birdseye, 
A. Blanchard, 
Charles H. Bramhall, 
Dudley Burwell, 
J. B. Brinsmade, Jr., 
James Brown, 
John I. Burton, 
Peter Cagger, 
J. Callanan. Jr., 

D. Campbell, 
William R Cantine, 
William Cassidy, 
John Cole, 

John A. Collier, 
Joseph S. Colt, 
A. J. Colvin, 
S. Daniels, Jr., 
Amos Dean, 

E. F. De Lancey, 

E. A. Doolittle, 
Isaac Edwards, 
James Edwards, 

F. S. Edwards, 
M. Fairchild, 



B. P. Johnson. 
R. L. Joice, 
N. G. King, 
Hale Kingsley, 
James L'Amoreaux, 
W. L. Learned, 
Charles B Lansing, 
L. J. Lansing, 
Jacob Lansing, 
E. C. Litchfield, 
John A. Livingston, 
J. D. Livingston, 
H. H. Martin, 
H. S. McCall, 
W. C. McHarg, 
Matthew McMahon, 
D. McMartin, 
Orlando Meads, 
W. D. Morange, 
A. Morrell, 
John Newland, 
Richard H. Northrup, 
John Olcott, 
J. F. OToole, 



Wm. W. Frothingham, William S. Paddock, 



Dennis B. Gaffney, 
Albert Gallup, 
Peter Gansevoort, 
F. W. Gibb, 
Stephen Groesbeck, 
William J. Hadley, 



S. Paddock, Jr., 
Levi H. Palmer, 
William Parmelee, 
S. H. H. Parsons, 
George W. Peckham, 
R. W. Peckham, 



S.H.Hammond, Dis.dtty Calvin Pepper, 



Nathan Hawley, 
Ira Harris, 
Hamilton Harris, 
John E. Hermans, 
S. F. Hisgins, 
John J. Hill, 



Calvin Pepper, Jr., 
John Percy, 
John K. Porter, 
John V. L. Pruyn, 
Robert H. Pruyn, 
C. A. PugsJey, 
Marcus T. Reynolds, 



Julius Rhoades, 
A. D. Robinson, 
James R. Rose, 
James B. Sanders, 
M. Sanford, 
William C. Schuyler, 
George Scoville, 
Jacob M. Settle, 
S. O. Shepherd, 
E. J. Sherman, 
Cyrus Stevens, 
John C. Spencer, 
Samuel Stevens, 
Alfred B. Street, 
J. B. Sturtevant, 
Azor Taber, 
Cornelius Ten Broeck, 
A. Ten Eyck, 
M. Trotter, 
John J. Tyler, 
T. B. Van Buren, 
J. S. Van Rensselaer, 
S. D. Van Schaack, 
Teunis Van Vechten, 
Abraham Van Vechten, 
H. C.VanVorst, 

C. C. Wasson, 
Robert D. Wasson. 
Wm. G. Weed, 
Robert H. Wells, 
J. I. Werner, 
Henry G. Wheaton, 
James M. Whelpley, 
A. D. L. Whipple, 
William D. White, 
Jonas Wickes, 
John Q. Wilson, 

G. L. Wilson, 
E. S. Willett, 
Bradford R. Wood, 

D. Wright, Recorder, 
Horace Wyman, 

T. G. Younglove, 
Wm. A. Young. 



DENTISTS. 



J. C. Austin, 
Josephus Brockway, Jr., 
J. Monroe, 
Alexander Nelson, 
Robert Nelson, 



David Newcomb, 
N. B. Sherwood, 
S. Van Namee, 
U. H. Wheeler. 
J. S. Wood. 



Practicing Physicians. 



37 



PRACTICING PHYSICIANS. 



James H. Armsby, 
William Bay, 
U. G. Bigelow, 
James P. Boyd, 
James M. Brown, 

Carhart. 

J. H. Case, 

Edward H. Clark, 

Mason F. Cogswell, 

James Cox, 

Dr. Curtis, 

H. B. Fay, dims House. Physician, 

D. E Fonda, 

John 0. Flagler, 

Samuel H. Freeman, 

Edmund E. W. Gale, 

Patrick Gannon, 

C. C. Griffin, 

Otto Heinsius, 

John W. Hinkley, 

Thomas Hun, 

Abel Lyon, 

James McNaughton, 

Peter McNaughton, 

Alexander McNaughton, 

Alden March, 

Nicholas Markey, 

David Martin, 

John V. P. Quackenbush, 



Barent P. Staats, 
Peter P. Staats, 

B. A. Sheldon, 
Rufus B. Spcrry, 
John Swinburne, 
R. H. Thompson, 
John F. Tow r nsend, 
John H. Trotter, 
Peter Van Buren, 
John Van Buren, 
Peter Van OLinda, 

C. C. Waller, 
Peter Wendell, 
Herman Wendell, 
David Wiltsie, 
Joel A. Wing, 
William I. Young, 
E. D. Jones, 

J. A. Paine, 

Henry D. Paine, 

Horace M. Paine, 

J. M.Ward, 

Noah S. Dean, 

John Fondey, 

Andrew W. Russell, } Botanic, 

William B. Stanton, | 

Gerrit Westervelt, J 

George Cooke, Lock Hospital, 

Dr. Lacroix, Lock Dispensary. 



Hom&opalhic, 



ALBANY CHARTER OFFICERS. 



The original charter of the city of Albany was granted by Gov. Don- 
gan, on the 22d of July, 1686, and the following persons were the first 
who officiated under the charter. 

Aldermen. 

Peter Schuyler, Mayor, Dirk Wessels, 
Isaac Swinton, Recorder, Jan Jans Bleecker, 
Robert Livingston, Clerk, David Schuyler, 
Jan Bleecker, Chamberlain, Johannis Wendell, 

Lavinus Van Schaack, 
Adrian Garretse. 

These were good substantial Dutch burghers, as their names indicate. 
The charter has undergone important alterations since that day, and the 
city councils are filled with the descendants of all nations and tongues 
upon earth. The succession of mayors from 1686 to 1848, will be found 
on page 25. The annual election takes place in April, and the follow, 
ing are the present city officers, who hold their places until April, 1349. 



Richard Pretty, Sheriff, 
James Parker, Marshal. 



Assistant Jlldermcn- 
Joachim Staats, 
John Lansing, 
Isaac Verplanck, 
Lawrence Van Ale, 
Albert Ruyckman, 
Melgert Winantse. 



38 Officers of the City of Albany. 

OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF ALBANY. 

Clerk L. D. Holstein. 

Chamberlain Christopher W. Bender. 

Deputy Chamberlain H. H. Hickcox. 

Attorney Hooper C. Van Vorst. 

Surveyor George W. Carpenter. 

Assistant Surveyor Samuel McElroy. 

Marshal Nelson Scovel. 

Overseer of the Poor Thomas Kirkpatrick. 

Superintendent of the dims Hoiu>e John Morgan. 

Superintendent of the N. D. David Benson. 

Superintendent of the S. D. Geoige H. Herbert. 

Police Justices John O. Cole and S H. H. Parsons. 

Deputy Excise Officer- C. W. Bender. 

Superintendent of the Markets Jacob Featherly. 

Chief Engineer of the Fire Department James P. Gould. 

dssiitant Engineers P. B. Leddy, J. Parker. S. P. Winne, R. J. Grant, 
G. W. Burdick. 

dims House Physician Henry B. Fay. 

City Physicians 1st district, James M. Brown; 2d, John Swinburne; 
3d, Alexander W. McNaughton; 4ih, Alfred Clark; 5th; B. A. Sheldon. 

Police Constables George Brainard, EJisha Mack 3d, Thomas Cowell, 
Charles Phillips, B. B. Whalen, Robert Nixon. 

Ciiy Inspectors 1st and 2d wards, John Milliman; 3d and 4th, Wm. 
Leggat; 5ih and 6th, Harmon G. Wynkoop; 7th and 8th, S.V. A. Hilton} 
9th and 10th, Richard Bygate. 

Captains cf the Night Police John Vandervolgen, Absalom Sharp, 
Henry Poltenburgh, Levi Ewing, John N. Parker, Walter Coleman. 

Assistant Captains James L. Coley, Nicholas W. Groot, William F, 
Peacock, Henry Hubbell, Royall Thompson, Joseph Coughlry. 

Inspector of Weights and Measures Paul C. Barney. 

Fence Viewers John Morgan, Barent Sanders,. 

Receiver of Taxes H. H. Hickcox, deputy chamberlain. 

Supervisors 1st ward. Richard Parr; 2d, Matthew McMahon; 3d, J, 
Hurdis; 4th, Franklin Townsend; 5th, Wm. White; 6th, Samuel Pruyn; 
7th, George W. Welch; 8lh, Oliver Wallace; 7th, James A. Tiemere; 
10th, Adam Van Allen. 

Assessors 1st ward. Philip Foy; 2d, Abraham M. Purdy; 3d, James 
P. Gould; 4th, Cyrus L. Woodruff: 5th, Levi Chapman; 6th, Garret L. 
Winne; 7th, Josiah Patterson; 8th, Myers Henderer; 9th, Sylvester 
Rathbone; 10th, Job R. Borden. 

Ward Constables 1st ward, John McDonald ; 2d, John Kinney ; 3d, 
Daniel Van Buskirk; 4th, Amos Dodge; 5th, John R. Peacock; 6th, Ar- 
chibald Thompson ; 7th, Samuel Winchester; 8th, FiancisBray; 9th, 
William Pearcey; 10th, S V. R. Braytcn. 

School Commissioners Gerrit V. S. Bleecker, John O. Cole, John 
Simpson, Eli Perry, Henry B. Haswell, John O. Flagler, James Maherj 
George W. Carpenter, Thomas Me Elroy. 

Justices of the Justices' Court Abraham Morrell, Conrad A. Ten 
Eyck, David Russell; David Kussell, clerk. 

Harbor Master Thomas Hillson, Jr. 

Dock Matter John L. Hyatt. 

U. S. Collector of Customs Albert Gallup. 



Common Council and Standing Committees. 



COMMON 

John Taylor, Mayor. 
Deodatus Wright, Recorder. 
1st ward Wm. L. Osborn, 

Lucien B. Laney. 
2d ward George B. Riggs, 

John \V. Harcourt. 
3d ward Charles W. Godard, 

Stephen T. Thorn. 
4t h ward George T. Ladue, 

Abram Koonz. 
bthward Henry Bleecker, 



COUNCIL. 

James McNaughton. 
Qlhward J. A. Livingston, 

Charles M. Jenkins. 
lihward John Benson, 

William Gillespie. 
8th ward P. M. McCall, 

John Harrison. 
9thward William Gumming, 

Richard H. Thompson, 
Wth ward Michael Artcher, 

Daniel E. Basselt. 



STANDING COMMITTEES. 

.Academies and Schools Thompson, Gillespie, Godard. 
Accounts Bleecker. McCall, Thompson. 

.Applications to the Legislature McNaushton, Harcourt, Bleecker. 
dims House Artcher, McCall, McNaughton. 
Board of Health Mayor, Recorder, McNaughlon, Laney, Riggs. 
Board of Magistrates Recorder, Livingston, Jtnkins, Osborn, Har- 
rison. Cummins. 

City Hall Mayor, Recorder, Harrison, Benson, Bassett, Artcher. 
Engines Gumming, Harrison, Thorn. 
Fcrry-r-Thorn, Riggs, Lad UP. 
Finance Jenkins, Lanev, Bleecker. 

Flagging and Paving, Af. D. Livingston, McCall, Bleecker. 
Flagging and Paving, S D. Bassett, Laney, Koonz, 
Lamps Koonz, Benson, Jenkins. 
Law Recorder, Osborn, Jenkins. 
Levels Godard, Harcourt, Cumminr, 
Markets Ladue Gillespie. Koonz. 
Navigation Godard, Harcourt, Ladue. 
Night Po/iee Artcher, Osborn, Lad'ie. 
Police Gumming, Harrison, Koonz. 
Streets Bassett, Rigss, Godard. 
Wells and Pumps Thompson, Gillespie, Thorn, 
Livingston, McCall, Bleecker. 



ALBANY GALLERY OF FINE ARTS. 

The following gentlemen were elected trustees at the annual meeting 
held on the evening of the 1st of January, viz: John L. Schoolcraft, E. 
Satterlee, J. McD. Mclntyre, Dr. Herman Wendell, Wm. W. Forsylh, 
Orlando Meads, Dr. David Ncwcornb, James Kidd, Dr. J. A. .Armsby. 

ALBANY EXCHANGE COMPANY. 

Directors. John Townsend, John O. Wilson, James McNaughton, 
Samuel Stevens, R. H. King, Andrew White, Friend Humphrey, 



40 Incorporated Companies, fyc. 

ALBANY WATER WORKS COMPANY. 

The officers and trustees of the Albany Water Works are as fol- 
lows: 



O. Meads, Treasurer. 
John Meads, Robert Boyd, Eli 
Perry, Wm. E. Bleecker, Deo- 



datus Wright, recorder (ex offi- 
cio), Trustees. 



ALBANY HYDRANT COMPANY. 

The following are the trustees of this company for the year commenc- 
ing July, 1848. John Townsend. Erastus Corning, Watts Sherman, 
James D. Wasson, Rufus W. Peckham, John Taylor, John C. Spencer. 

DE WITT CLINTON ENGINE NO. 2. 

At an annual meeting of this company, held at their house, Dec. 23, 
1848, the following were the officers elected for the ensuing year: 



Wm. O'Brien, Foreman. 
Wm. Kilbourne, 1st Assistant. 
Peter Donelley, 2d Assistant. 



James Jones, Clerk. 
Richard Waddy, Steward. 



EAGLE ENGINE CO. NO. 7. 

At a meeting of Eagle Engine No. 7, held December 27th, 1848, the 
following persons were elected officers for the enguing year: 



Edward Stevens, Foreman. 
Julius Tremper, 1st Assistant. 
C. M. Beach, 2d Assistant. 
L. W. Murray, Clerk. 



J S. Harrison, Steward. 
Edmund Stevens, T. A. Johnstone, 
Delegates to Fire Department. 



NEPTUNE ENGINE CO. NO. 10. 

At a meeting of Neptune Engine Co. No. 10, held at their house on 
the evening of December 22, 1848, the following gentlemen were elected 
officers of said company for the ensuing year: 



Archibald Young, Foreman. 
Benjamin Turner, 1st Assistant. 
Sylvester Lawler, 2d Assistant. 



Samuel N. Payn, Clerk. 

Jno. Hayden, Steward. 

Patrick McLaughlan, Treasurer. 



ALBANY AND COHOES RAIL ROAD COMPANY, 
The following were elected officers of this company; M. T. Reynolds, 
John L. Schoolcraft, E. P. Prentice, James Edwards, Theodore Olcolt, 
Archibald McClure, James Kidd, A. White, C.F.Crosby, David Ha- 
milton, Egbert Egberts, Wm. N. Chadwick. 

MOHAWK AND HUDSON RAIL ROAD. 

Directors. John T. Norton, Watts Sherman, Rufus H. King, Gerrit 
Y. Lansing, Edward C. Delavan, Harmen Pumpelly. H. H. Martin, Au- 
gustus James, Isaac Newton. 

Office, Dean streetj above Maiden lane. 



Benevolent Societies, fyc. 41 

FIRST GREAT WESTERN TURNPIKE. 

Directors. Gerrit Y. Lansing, Teunis Van Veehten, Gideon Hawley, 
John V. L. Pruyn, John Townsend, C. Y. Lansing, R. J. Hilton, Henry 
Bleecker, John T. Cooper, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Robert H. Pruyn, \Vm. 
C. Miller, Stephen Groesbeek. 

ALBANY AND BETHLEHEM TURNPIKE. 
Directors. Marcus T. Reynolds, Rufus H. Kin?, Philip S. Van Rens- 
selaer, Wm. McHarg, Joel Rathbone. John V. L.'Prvyn, Robert Boyd, 
Ezra P. Prentice, George Dexter. 

CHRISTIAN MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. 
Officers for the year 1849. 



Friend Humphrey, President. 
Isaac P. Hand, Edward B. Slason, 
Vice-Presidents. 



Thos. W. Valentine, Rec'g Sec'y. 
Wm. Tuton, Financial Secretary. 
Noah Lee, Treasurer. 



Abram Kirk, Corresponding Sec'y. 

Place of meeting, Sons of Temperance Hall, No. 7 North Pearl street, 
on the 1st and 3d Tuesday evenings in each month. 

BOARD OF TRADE. 

This association of dealers commenced business on tie 15th of May, 
1848. The following are its officers: 



William Chapman, President. 
Benj. C. Raymond, 1st Vice- Pres. 
Thos. Schuyler, 2d Vice-President. 
David H. Carey, Sec'y. 



Rufus K. Viele, Treasurer. 

Chas. Wright, M. H. Read, 0. N. 
Chapin, T. P. Crook, John 
Tweedle, Com. of Reference. 



HIBERNIAN PROVIDENT SOCIETY. 

On the 17th April, 1833, Jas. Halliday, Jas. Maher, Patrick Cassidy, 
William L. Osborne, Peter C. Doyle, Thomas Gough, Wm. O'Donnell, 
Michael Cagger, and others, were incorporated under the name of the Hi- 
bernian Provident Society, the avowed objects of which were charitable; 
" to create a fund by a general subscription among the members, which 
should contribute to their mutual advantage; if, by reason of sickness, 
they should at any time become destitute of the conveniences of life; and 
also to organize in one body a numerous class of Irishmen residing in 
this city, and to concentrate their moral energies, so as to bring fairly 
before the American people the republican features of their national 
character; that a number of individuals should combine and reserve a 
portion of the fruits of their industry, while enjoying health and happi- 
ness, for the establishment of a fund for their support, when overtaken 
by misfortunes or infirmities; especially, that a body of men who have 
been oppressed in their native land, by a despotic government, and who 
are influenced by the same associations and sympathies, and are led on 
by the same devotion in the path of freedom, should associate together 
for the purpose of vindicating their national character, and of procuring 



42 



Benevolent Societies. 



for themselves, in a proper time, the privileges of American citizeas." 
The officers of the society for the year 1848, are as follows: 



Patrick Grady, President. 
John Reynolds, 1st Vice-president. 
Joseph Clinton, 2d do. 
John Daly, Recording Secretary. 



Michael Fives, Corresponding Se- 
cretary. 

Richard Brown, Treasurer. 
Nicholas Markey, Physician. 



ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY. 

This society held its 47th anniversary, on the 30lh of November last. 
It was organized on the 10th of October, 1803, and celebrated the na- 
tivity of its patron saint on the 30th of November following. At the first 
election of officers, the following persons were chosen; John Stevenson, 
president, Geo Ramsey, vice-president; Andrew Brown, 2d vice-presi- 
dent; Rev. John McDonald, chaplain; Dr. Wm. McCelland, physician; 
William Milroy, treasurer; Archibald Mclntyre, secretary; Peter Boyd, 
assistant secretary; and Daniel Cumming, Peter Sharpe, John Kirk, 
John Grant, George Pearson, Thomas Barker, Wm. French, John D. 
Cunningham, managers. It will be perceived that but one of the above 
is now left among us, but their names will be familiar to the older citi- 
zens. The avowed object of the society } was to afford relief to poor 
and unfortunate Scottish immigrants, without regard to religious or po- 
litical distinctions; and we are informed that its finances are in a very 
flourishing condition, and that a large amount is anually dispensed for 
benevolent purposes. At a meeting held at the City Hotel, on the 9th 
Dec., 1848, the following were elected officers of the Society for the en- 
suing year: 



James Taylor, President. 
Andrew Kirk, 1st Vice President. 
D. D. Ramsay, 2d Vice President. 
Peter Bullions, Chaplain. 
James McNaughton, Physician. 
William Gray, Treasurer. 



James Dickson, Secretary. 
Daniel Campbell, Assistant Sec'y. 
Alexander Gray, Peter Smith, Na 

than Algie, Hugh Dickson, Geo,. 

Young, Managers. 



MECHANICS' BENEFIT SOCIETY. 

At the annual election of this Society, held on the 7th Aug., the fol- 
lowing persons were elected for the ensuing year: 



Eli Abby, President. 

W. A. Carr, Wm. Vosburgh, Vice- 

Presidents. 

Jas. A. Buckbee, Treasurer. 
R S. Cushman, Secretary. 
S. L. Hodgkins, Assistant Secrt tary. 



J.W. Hinkley, Physician. 

S. G. Mink, Alex. Selkirk, L. G. 
Hoffman, J. P. Wilson, Thos. E. 
Lee, T. M. Sulliff, J. H. Bowne, 
Oliver Houlle, Wm. A. F. Mo 
Nab, Wm. A. Rice, Stewards. 



ALBANY SOCIETY OF BROTHERLY LOVE. 
This Society of Israelites, was incorporated by net of legislature, May 
7, 1844, its avowed objects being charitable and benevolent, to afford 
relief to its members in case of sickness and infirmity. The persons 
named in the act oi incorporation, were Moses Schloss, Solomon Mark, 
Isaac Cohen, Lewis Sporborg, and Myer Stern. 



Religious Societies, fyc. 43 

ALBANY CITY TRACT SOCIETY. 

The annual meeting of the Society, for the election of officers and di- 
rectors for the ensuing year was held on the 26th Oct., 1843. 



Friend Humphrey, President. 

Hugh Humphrey, Robert Boyd, R. 
V. DeWitt, LemM Jenkins, Wm. 
C. Miller, Wm. McElroy, Vice- 
Presidents. 

Erastus H. Pease, Secretary. 

Philip Phelps, Treasurer. 

Alexander Folsom. Matthew Trot- 
ter, Austin H. Wells, T. S. Berry, 



Geo. B. Hoyt, Walter R. Bush, 
Wm. N. Strong, G. W. Benjamin, 
Jeremiah Waterman, James B. 
Sanders, H. S. McCall, Daniel 
Campbell, Abram Kirk, Daniel 
Fry,G.C.Treadwell,T.R.Ra\Y- 
son, William Gibson, Rufus K- 
Viele, Directors. 



ALBANY COUNTY 
Officers for 1848. 

Rev. Wm. B. Sprague, D. D., Pre- 
sident. 

Rev. J. N. Campbell, D.D., 1st Vice- 
President. 

Rev. I. N. Wyckoff, D. D., 2d Vice- 
President. 

Philip Phelps, Rec'g Sec'y. 

Lemuel Jenkins, Cor'g Sec'y. 

William C. Miller, Treasurer. 

Rev. Ezra A. Huntington, D. D., 
Duncan Kennedy, D. D., William 
H Campbell, D. D., Henry N. 



BIBLE SOCIETY. 

Pohlman, D. D., F. W. Schmidt, 
Andrew Witherspoon, Luman A . 
Sandford. Thomas Armitage, J. 
W, Belknap, Messrs. Archibald 
Mclntyre, Rensselaer Weslerlo, 
Nathaniel Davis, Israel Smith, 
Daniel Fry, Abraham Keyser, 
George W. Benjamin, Managers. 
Rev. Dr. J. N. Campbell, Wm. C. 
Miller, Nathaniel Davis, Dan'l 
Fry, Ex. Com. 



ALBANY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 

At an annual meeting of the Albany County Medical Society, held at 
the City Hall, November 14th, 1848, the following named persons were 
elected as its officers, viz: 



James McNaughton, President. 
John Swinburne, Vice President. 

B. A. Sheldon, Secretary. 

C. C. Walker, Treasurer. 
C. C. Griffin, Librarian. 



P. McNaughton, Jas. H. Armsby, 
U. G. Bigelow, J. H. Case, and 
David R. Burris, County Censors. 

Richard H. Tompson, delegate to 
State Medical Society for 4 years. 



ALBANY AND RENSSELAER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Joel Rathbone, President. 

D. Thos. Vail, Herman Wendell, 

E. P. Prentice, V. P. Douw, Vice- 

Presidents. 

B. P. Johnson. Secretary. 
A. E. Brown, Treasurer. 

Annual meeting in July. 



Amos Bris:ss, S. E. Warren, J. M. 
Lovett, Wm. Bruswell, J. McD. 
Mclntyre, James Henry, William 
Newcomb, James Wilson, A, 
Osborn. 



44 Military Companies. 

ALBANY REPUBLICAN ARTILLERY. 
The following persons are the officers for 1848: 

Edward Riley, 1st Lieutenant. 
Philip Guardenier, 2d Lieutenant. 
Michael Bennett, Orderly Serg't. 
Hiram Putnam, Geo. Fredenrich, 

John Murdon, Sergeants. 
Wm. H. Guardenier, Joseph Baker, 



CIVIL. 

George Fredenrich, President. 
Joseph Baker, Vice- President. 
Edward Riley, Secretary. 
Jacob Fredendall, Treasurer. 



MILITARY. 

Jacob Fredendall, Captain. 



John Guardenier, Edward Gre- 
gory, Corporals. 



ALBANY BURGESSES CORPS. 
The officers of this company are as follows: 

W. K. Whitney, Orderly Sergeant. 
J. Whalen, J. Hogan, F. H. Kee- 

ler, Sergeants. 

James Weed, John Duff, S. Wil- 
kins, R. Henly, Corporals. 



CIVIL. 

John F. Schults, President. 
Wm. H. Low, Vice- President. 
J. C. Cuyler, Secretary. 
S. W. Whitney, Assistant Sec'y. 
F. H. Keeler, Treasurer. 



MILITARY. 

Wm. J. Thomas, Captain. 
E. J. Lansing, 1st Lieuteuant. 
E. R. Brower, 2d Lieuteuant. 
C. Jordan, 3d Lieutenant. 



STAFF. 

Cyrus Stevens, Quarter Master. 
H. Van OLinda. Pay Master. 
J. F. Schults, Surgeon. 
Wm. Davis, Chaplain. 



ALBANY EMMET GUARDS. 
The following are the officers for 1848-9: 

CIVIL. N. Hussey, 1st Lieutenant. 

James W. Morange, President. 
Wm. Dwyre, Vice-President. 
P. T. Hewett, Secretary. 
Mich'l O'Sullivan, Assistant Sec'y. 
P. Maher, Treasurer. 



MILITARY. 
John Osborn, Captain. 



P. H. Griffin, 2d Lieutenant. 
John Dunden, 3d Lieutenant. 
Thos. Kellett, Orderly Sergeant. 
P. O'Conner, M. Cassidy, J. Me- 

Manus, Sergeants. 
Wm. Maloy, B. Cooney, J. Feeney, 
Michael O'Suliivan, Corporals. 



ALBANY WASHINGTON RIFLEMEN. 
The following are the officers of this company: 

CIVIL. Wm. P. Faff, 1st Lieutenant. 

Wm. P. Paff, President. 

Lochner, Secretary. 

Fr. Shadelle, Treasurer. 



MILITARY. 

Chris. Triger, President. 



Hen. Schweitzer, 2d Lieutenant. 

J. Huber, Orderly Sergeant. 

G. Lochner, Th. Hoffman, Dl. 

Frederick, Sergeants. 
J. Ranseler, Wrn. Smite, J. Roshe, 

J. Bahmer, Corporals. 



Odd Fellows Sons of Temperance Masons. 45 

1. 0. OF 0. F. 

American No. 32, Wednesday evening, at Cooper's Building. 

City Degree No. 11, Tuesday evening, Broadway, cor. Steuben. 

City Philanthropic No. 5, Fiiday evening, at Cooper's Building. 

Clinton No. 7, Monday evening, corner of Broadway and Steuben. 

En-Hakkore Encampment No. 5, meets on the second and fourth 
Saturdays of each month, at Cooper's Building. 

Excelsior Degree No. 15, meets on the first and third Fridays 
of each month, at Odd Fellow's Hall, corner of Green and Beaver. 

Fireman's No. 19, Friday evening, Odd Fellow's Hall, corner of 
Green and Beaver. 

German Colonial No. 16, Monday evening, Odd Fellow's Hall, 
corner of Green and Beaver. 

Herman's Degree No. 31, meets first and third Wednesdays of 
each month, in Church, near Ferry. 

Hope Lodge No. 3, meets Tuesday evening, at Cooper's Building. 

Mount Carmel No. 349, Thursday evening, Church, near Ferry. 

Mount Hermon No. 38, Monday evening, Church, near Ferry. 

New York Encampment No. 1, meets on the first and third Satur- 
days of each month, nl Cooper's Building. 

Phoenix No. 41, Tuesday evening, Odd Fellows' Hall, cor. Green 
and Beaver. 

Samaritan No. 93, Monday evening, at Cooper's Building. 

Scho-negh-ta-da No. 356, Thursday eve., Broadway, cor. Steuben. 

Union No. 8, Thursday evening, at Cooper's Building. 



SONS OF TEMPERANCE. 

Albany Division No. 24, meets Monday evening, at Hall in State. 
Clinton No. 76, Thursday evening, at Commercial Building. 
Eagle No. 306, Thursday evening, at No. 3 North Pearl. 
Empire Temple No. 33, Friday evening, at Commercial Building. 
En Hakkore No. 129, Wednesday evening, at No. 7 North Pearl. 
Fort Orange No. 187, Thursday evening, at No. 7 North Pearl. 
Tivoli Temple No. 22, Friday evening, at S. of T. Hall, State. 
Mutual Alliance No. 130, Monday evening, at No. 7 North Pearl. 



MASONIC BODIES. 

Mount Vernon Lodge No. 3, corner of Broadway and Steuben. 
Master's Lodge, 

Temple Chapter No. 5, St. John's Hall, Broadway, cor. Steuben. 
Temple Lodge, corner of Broadway and Steuben. 
Unitas Concordia Fratrum, 
Washington Lodge, 



46 Custom House Mohawk (J- Hudson Rail Road. 



CUSTOM HOUSE. 

ALBERT GALLTTP, DEPUTY COLLECTOR, 407 BROADWAY. 
The Custom House was established in 1833, and was thought by some 
persons to be a proper subject for a little ridicule. In truth the bu- 
siness of conducting it was not very arduous for the first year. There 
were then but two vessels trading regularly to Boston, namely the 
schooner Visscher and sloop George Washington, owned by Davis & 
Centre, whereas now there are above a hundred. Besides, there are 
several lines of steam propellers trading to different ports, which have 
come on the river quite recently, of which we believe the Mohawk was 
the pioneer. There is a line of steam packets between Albany and 
Hartford, doing a brisk business, and another to Philadelphia. One 
has recently been established between this city and New London and 
Norwich. And when it is considered what an enormous quantity of 
freight is taken overland by the rail road, it is remarkable that the packet 
business should increase so rapidly. Mr. William Seymour was the first 
collector, and the first license entered on his book is under the date of 
July 12, 1833. Afier this became a port of entry, the government made 
en appropriation for the improvement of the navigation of the river. It 
was contemplated to carry a dyke up from a point 25 miles below the 
head of tide water, at an estimated cost of $860,000, which would effect* 
ually relieve the channel of the bars that now obstruct it, and relieve the 
business men scattered over an immense region of country of the vex- 
ations and embarrassments caused in various ways by the daily detention 
of vessels. The dyke was constructed a part of the distance contem- 
plated, and there abandoned. But it was of great advantage to our com- 
merce, enabling schooners of over 200 tons to reach the city, and steam 
boats of far greater tonnage make their regular trips at low water, The 
dyke however is fast going to ruin. A few hundred dollars would have 
repaired the first breach, but it will now require many thousands, and 
public attention will probably be effectualiy aroused to remedy the evil 
only by some unexpected and overwhelming calamity, arising from the 
neglect. But a part of the vessels trading to this port are registered 
here; hence the whole number registered~since the first January 1841, 
does not much exceed 500. The Rochester steam boat is the largest 
vessel licensed at our port, being nearly 500 tons. The vessel of the 
largest tonnage that arrives here is the steam boat Isaac Newton, of 
about 1,300 tons. 



MOHAWK AND HUDSON RAIL ROAD. 

This was one of the first rail roads constructed in the state. On the 
17th April, 1826, Stephen Van Rensselaer, George W. Featherstone- 
haunh, and others received a charter from the state, for the purpose of 
constructing a rail road between the Mohawk nnd Hudson rivers; the 
capital stock was fixed at $300,000, with permission to increase it to 
$500,000, or about $31,000 per mile, and the time for completins the road 
was. limited to six years. The work was commenced in 1830, and % 






Mohawk Hudson Rail Road. 47 

double track completed in 1333. It was originally constructed with an 
inclined plane at each end of the road; the one ai Albany a little more 
than hall' a mile in length, and both of them having a rise of 1 loot in 18. 
The road was laid out 15' miles in length, 6 of which were at a level, 
and the rest of it, with the exception of the two inclined planes, had an 
ascending giade of about 1 foot in 250. The width of the excavations 
is 36 feel, that of the embankments 26 feet. The deepest excavation is 
47 feet, and the highest embankment 44 feet. Greatest altitude 353 
feet above tide water at Albany. Stone blocks were placed three feet 
apart, from centre to centre, laid on broken stone, and cross sleepers of 
wood rested upon them, 7 inches in diameter and 8 feet long, support- 
ing the timber rails, on which were placed iron bars, three- fifths by two 
and a half inches, with the upper corners rounded to 1 inches width; 
and the width between the rails 4 feet 9 inches. When the road had 
been constructed in this manner, it was found to have cost $1,100,000, or 
upwards of $70,000 per mile, for the double track. The stock sold at 
one time for 30 per cent premium, but subsequently went down to 25 
cents on the dollar, and the road in unskilful hands, was on the point of 
being abandoned. At this juncture some of our enterprising men took 
the matter in hand, bought up the stock, and with the assistance of a 
loan from the city corporation, set about a complete reconstruction of 
the road. The inclined planes were abandoned, and by a little more 
circuitous ascent of ihe rising ground at each terminus, and the use of 
heavy locomotives, it has become a popular and profitable concern. The 
company relaid the road with a heavy rail in part in 1843, and fully 
completed relaying it during the last season. The distance is now about 
17 miles. On the 22d Sept., a train of three cars, filled with passengers 
by invitation, crossed the road from Albany in 30 minutes, and returned 
in 24 minutes, the speed being at the rate of 1 mile in 1m. 25s.. or 42 
miles an hour. 

The following table shows the comparative condition of the company's 
operations in 1846 and 1847. 

1846 1847 

No. passengers, 174,653 229,401 

Receipts from passengers, $92,194 $110,051 

" freight, &c., 33,641 51,323 

$125,835 $164,374 

Repairs and running road, 41,766 60,310 

Miles run by passenger trains, 45,357 49,674 

" Ireight, &c,, 16,515 22,821 

Cost of construction to Jan. 1 , 1847 $1, 472, 966 

'* Jan. 1, 1848, 1,473,253 

The receipts of the road in 1843 were $60,595; 1844, $89,882; 1845, 
$93,494. The receipts of 1848 were upwards of $175.000. 

The road is fully equipped, as the company own six locomotives, 
thirty first class passenger cars, twenty-two second class passenger cars, 
ihiriy six freight cars, and thirty-four baggage cars. With good ma- 
nagement and economy the company was enabled to resume its dividends 
in October, 1847, nnce which it has continued to pay regular dividends, 
every six monihs. 



48 



City Income and Expenditures. 









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government, . . , 



County Officers. 



49 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 

Clerks. 

Lawrence Van Deusen 
Martin Butts 
John C. IVIoore 
Francis E. Baillett 
Etienpzer B. Cobb 
I Matthew P. Bemus 
Green M. Tuthill 
Burr B. Andrews 
Charles H. Jones 
James Storm 
Samuel Hotchkiss 
Wm. McLaughry 
Joseph T. Adriance 
Moses Bristol 
Edmund T Williams 
Henry S. Brewster 
Stephen Wait 
Samuel C. Holden 
Isaac Van Schaack 
John C. Holmes 
Slandish Barry 
James G. Lynde 
John M. Hicks 
Lucian Clark 
William H. Whiting 
A. Scott Sloan 
John C. Nash 
Chester S. Brumley 
James Conner 
John Van Horn 
Patrick Mahon 
Vivus W. Smith 
Alex. H. Howell 
Albert S. Benton 
Herman Goodrich 
Jabez H. Gilbert 
Charles McLean 
Reuben D. Barnnm 
Abraham D. Snedeker 
Ambrose H. Sheldon 
Joshua Mersereau, Jr. 
Isaac A. Blauvelt 
Martin Thatcher 
Jas. W. Horton 
Silas H. March 
Stephen Maham 
Ebenezer Ingalls 
Paul C. Cook 
J. Wickham Case 
Matthew Decker, Jr. 
Moses Stevens 
I Norman Crittenden 
'Benj. M. Hasbrouck 
IThomas Archibald 
Henry Shipherd 
Alex. B. Williams 
Munson I. Lock wood 
Abel Webster 
Russell R. Fargo 

This and seme other lables are subject to important change?; they can only be given 
as they are at the time of printing, 

5 



Counties. 


Sheriffs. 


Albany 
Allegany 


Oscar Tyler 
Joshua Rathbun 


Broome 


Benj. T. Miller 


Cattaraugus 
Cayuga 


Alonzo A Gregory 
Joseph P. Swift 


Chautauque 


Jarvls B Hice 


Chemung 


Wm. Skellenger 


Chenango 


Wm. Church 


Clinton 


Harvey Bromley 


Columbia 


Jacob R. Hollenbeck 


Cortlar.d 


George Ross 


Delaware 


De Witt C. Thomas 


Dutchess 


David N. Seaman 


Erie 


Timothy A. Hopkins 


Essex | Norman Page 


Franklin | Benjamin W. Clark 


Fulton 


Daniel Potter 


Genesee 


John Sprague 


Greene 


Robert Fulton 


Hamilton 


Robt. G. Ostrander 


Herkimer 


Wm. I. Skinner 


Jefferson 


Walter Collins 


Kings 


Daniel Van Voorhis 


Lewis 
Livingston 


George Shepard 
Wm. Scott 


Madison 


Wm. R. Brand 


Monroe 
Montgomery 
New York 


George Hart 
David W. Erwm 
John J. V. Westervelt 


Niagara 
Oneida 


Franklin Spalding 
Lester Barker 


Onondaga 
Ontario 


Joshua C. Cuddeback 
Phineas Kent 


Orange 


Edward L. Welling 


Orleans 


Austin Day 


Oswego 


Alvin Laurence 


Otsego 


John Brown 


Putnam 


Wm. W. Taylor 


Queens 


Isaac Willetts 


Rensselaer 


Gilbert Cropsey 


Richmond 


Jacob M. Guyon 


Rockland 


Asbury De Noyelles 


St. Lawrence 


Josiah Waid 


Saratoga 


Thomas Low 


Schenectady 


John G. Van Voast 


Schoharie 


Tobias Bouck 


Seneca 


Hugh Chapman 


Steuben 


Henry Brother 


Suffolk 


David R. Rose 


Sullivan 


Neal Benson 


Tioga 


John J. Sackett 


Tompkins 


John P. Andrews 


Ulster 


Charles Brodhead 


Warren 


James Lawren 


Washington 


Daniel T. Payne 


Wayne 
Westchester 


George W. Barnard 
James M. Bates 


Wyoming 


Abraham Smith 


Yates 


Martin Holmes 



Surrogates. 
Lewis Benedict, Jr. 
Wm. G. Angel 
E. C. Kattel 
Rensselaer Lamb 
Jacob R. How 
Orton Clark 
J. W. VVisner 
S. M. Purdy 
Lemuel Stetson 
C. B. Dutcher 
Daniel Hawks 
Edwin More 
John P. H. Tallman 
Peter M. Vosburgh 
H. H Ross 
J. R. Flanders 
John Wells 
H. U. Soper 
L. Tremain 
John Dunham 
Ezra Graves 
L. H. Brown 

A. B. Hodges 
Francis Seger 
Scott Lord 
James W. Nye 
Moses Sperry 
S. fielding, Jr. 
Charles McBean 
H. Gardner 

0. S. Williams 

1. T. Minard 
M. H. Sibley 

B. F. Duryea 
H. R. Curtis 
O.H.Whitney 
Hiram Kinne 
Azor B. Crane 
Henry I. Hagner 
G. T. Blair 

H B. Metcalf 
W. F. Fraser 

B. G. Baldwin 
J. C. Hulbert 
S. W. Jones 
Demosthenes Lawyer 

'J. K. Richardson 
David McMaster 
,A. T Rose 
I A. Dimmick 

C. P. A very 
Alfred Wells 
Wm. Masten 

E. H. Rosekvans 
Joseph Boies 
G. H Middleton 
L. C. Platt 
VV. Riley Smith 
Andrew Oliver 



50 



Counties, Towns and Post Offices 



ALPHABETICAL LIST of the COUNTIES, TOWNS and POST OFFICES 
in the State of New York, and the Distances of the County Towns 
from Albany. 



ALBANY COUNTY. 


CATTARAUGUS CO 


Hanover Ripley 


ALBANY City fall's Mills 


Ash ford Machias 


Harmony Salem Cross 


Berne Helderbergh 
Bethlehem Knowersville 


Bucktoolh Mansfield 
Burlon Napoli 


Irving Roads 
Jamestown Sheridan 


Cedar Hill Knox 


Carrol ion New Albion 


Levant Sherman 


Clarkesville New Salem 
Coeymans New Scotland 


Chapelsburgh North Perrys- 
Cold Spring burgh 


Magnolia Silver Creek 
MAYVILLE 336Smith's Mills 


Coeymans Preston Hol- 
Hollow low 


Connewango Olean 
Dayton Otto 


Mina Stockton 
Nashville Union Ellery 


Cohoes Reidsville 


Delavan Perrysburgh 


North Clymer Van Buren 


Cooksburgh Rensselaervill 


East Leon Persia 


Oregon Harbor 


Dormansville South Berne 


East Otto Portville 


Panama Vermont 


Dunnsville do. Westerlo 
East Berne Watervliet 


Elgin Randolph 
ELLICOTT- Rice 


Poland Villenovia 
Pom fret Volusia 


Guilder! and Centre 


VILLE, 292 Sandusky 


Portland Westfield 


Guilderland Westerlo 


Fairview Seelyburgh 


CHEMUNG COUNTY. 


Centre West Troy 


Farmersville Sociality 


Baldwin Millport 


ALLEGANY CO. 


Franklinville South Valley 


Beaverdams Moreland 


Alfred Hobbieville 
Allen Centre Hume 


Freedom Ten Mile Sp'g 
Great Valley Tunungwant 


Big Flats No. Chemung 
Catharines Post Creek 


Almond Hunt'sHollow 


Hinsdale Mills 


Catlin Salubria 


Amity Independence 
Andover Little Genesee 
ANGELICA 256 INIixville 


Humphrey Versailles 
Kill Buck W'stHinsdale 
Leon Yorkshire 


Cayuta Seeley Creek 
Chemung Southport 
Dix Townsend 


Belfast New Hudson 


Little Valley 


ELMIRA 198 Van Ettenville 


Birdsall Nile 


CAYUGA COUNTY. 


Erin Veteran 


Black Creek North Almond 
Bolivar Oakland 


AUBVRN, 172 Niles 
Aurelius Nine Corners 


Fairport Wellsburg 
Martin's Hall West Cayuta 


Burns Ossian 


Aurora North Sterling 


CHENANGO CO. 


Canakadier Philip's Creek 


Brutus O \vasc o 


Bainbridge New Berlin 


Caneadea Philipsville 


Cato Poplar Ridge 


do Centre Centre 


Centre Almond Pike 


Cato 4 CoruersPort Byron 


Columbus N'th Norwich 


Centre hide- Porlageville 


Cayuga Scipio 


Coventry NORWICH 110 


pendence Richburgh 


Conquest Scipioville 


Coventryville Otselic 


Centreville Rockville 


East Genoa JSemproniiis 


East Greene Oxford 


Clarksville Rushford 


Five Corners Sennet 


East Guilford Pharsalia 


Cuba Scio 


Fleming Sherwood's 


E.M'DonoughPitcher 


Eagle Short Tract 


Fosterville Corners 


EastPharsalia do Springs 


East Hill Spring Mills 


Genoa South Venice 


Geneganlslet Plymouth 


East Koy Wellsville 


Ira Springport 


German Preston 


East Pike West Almond 


Kellogsville Square 


Greene Sherburne 


Friendship do Clarksville 


King's Ferry Sterling 


Guilford SmithvilleFlats 


Genesee do Genesee 


Ledyard Summer Hill 


do Centre Smyrna 


do Valley Whitesville 


Levanna Throopsville 


King's Settle- S. Bainbridge 


Granger WhitneysVal- 


Little Sodus Union Springs 


mem S . New Berlin 


Grove Wirt ley 


Locke Venice 


Linklaen South Otselic 


BROOME COUNTY. 


Marlville Victory 


McDonough W. Bainbridge 


Barker OsbornHollow M> n1z ^ eed ^ r1 
B1NGHAMTON145, Port Crane | Montezuma WeslNiles 


Mount Upton WestLinklaen 
New Berlin White's Store 


Castle Creek Sandford 


Moravia 


CLINTON COUNTY. 


Centre Shawsville 


CHAUTAUQUE CO. 


An Sable Pe-as'eyville 


Chenango SoutliWindsor 


Arkwright Clymer 


KeekmantownPerry's Mills 


do Forks Susquehannah 


Barcelona Cljmer Centre 


Black Brook Peru [1G2 


Colesville Triangle 


Blockville De Wittville 


Cadyville PLATTSBURGH 


Couklin Union 


Busli Dunkirk 


Champlain Retlford 


Corbetlsvillc Union Village 


Carroll Ellery 


Chazy Rouse's Point 


Harpersville Upper Lisle 


Cassadaga Ellicolt 


Clinton Saranac 


Kattelville ValloniaSp'gs 


Centre tther- Ellington 


Clintonville Schuyler's 


Lisle Vestal 


man Fluvanna 


Coopersville Falls 


Maine W. Colesville 


Charlotte Fredonia 


Ellenburgh Union Falls 


Nanticoke Whilney's 


Chautauque French Creek 


Farrell Place West Chazy 


New Ohio Point 


Cherry Creek Frewsburgh 


Mooers West PI alls- 


Niuevah Windsor 


Clear Creek Gerry 


New Sweden burgh 



in the State of New York. 



51 



COLUMBIA COUNTY 


Attlehury North East 


WestMoriah Wilmington 


Ancram HUDSON 29 
Ancram Lead Kinderhook 

Mines Livingston 
Austerlitz MaldenBridge' 
Canaan MellenviHe 


Barrytown do Centre 
Beekman Pauling 
Campbellville Peeksville 
ChaimingsvillePine P.ains 
ChesnutRidgePleasan! Plains 


\Vestport Woodwards- 
Willsborough ville 
FRANKLIN COUNTY 

Biingor F'rtCovington 
Belmont Franklin 


CanaanCentreAIoffet's Store '^"> r _ a , val! ^ h 
do 4 CornersXew Britain ClintonHollowPo'KEEPSiE ,3 
Chatham New Concord glove Poughquag 
do Centre Ne w Lebanon Crum Elbow Pulver's Cor- 


Bombay flarrietstown 
Brandon Hogansburgh 
Burke M ALONE 212 
Chateaugay Merrillsville 


do 4 CornersNew Lebanon 
Claverack Centre 


jjover ners 
Federal Store Quaker Hill 


Constable Moira 
Dickinson S'thDickinson 


Clermont New Lebanon 
Copake Springs 
Elizaville Niverville 
Flatbrook N'thChatham 
Gallatin Smoky Ho! low 
Gallatinville Spencertown 
Germantown Stockport 
Ghent Stuyvesant 
Greenport do Falls 
Green River Taghkanic 
Harlemville Valatie 
Hillsdale W.Taghkanic 
Hoffman's Gate 


Fishkill Red Hook 
do LandingRhinebeck 
do Plains Rock City 
FreedomPlainsSalt Point 
Glenham Schultzville 
Hart'sVillage Shenandoah 
Hull's Mills South Amenia 
Hyde Park South Dover 
Jackson Cor- Sprout Creek 
ners Staatsburgh 
La Grange Stanford 
Leedsville Stanfordville 
Litharow Stormville 
Mabbettsville Tivoli 


Duane W. Constable 
EastConstableWestville 
FULTON COUNTY. 

Bleecker Mill's Corners 
Broadalbin Newkirk's 
Brocket's Mills [ners 
Bridge Newton's Cor- 
Caroga Northampton 
Cranberry Northville 
Creek Oppenheim 
Ephratah Osborn's 
Garoga Bridge 
Gloversville Perth 


CORTLAND CO. 1 

Blodget'sMillsKeeney's Set- 
Cincinnatus tlement 


Manchester Union Vale 
Milan IBridgeUp'rRedHook 
VewHacken- Verbank 


Hoesville Riceville 
JOHNSTOWN45 Sammonsville 
Kingsborough Union Mills 


Cortlandville Little York 


sack Wellington 


Lassellsville Vail's Mills 


CORTLAND Marathon 
VILLAGE 140McGrawsville 
Cuyler Preble 
East Homer Scott 
East Solon Solon 
East Virgil SouthCortland 
Freetown Truxton 
do CornersUnion Valley 
Hartford Virgil 


N. Hamburgh do Hollow 

ERIE COUNTY. 

Akron Hamburgh on 
Alden the Lake 
Amherst Harris's Hill 
Angola Holland 
Aurora Lancaster 
Black Rock Morton's Cor- 


Mayfield West Perth 
GENESEE COUNTY 

Alabama Elba 
Alexander Le Roy 
BATAVIA 283 Linden 
Be rgen N o rt h Be rgen 
Bethany OakfieM 
Brookville Pavilion 


Homer Willett 


Boston ners 


Byron do Centre 


DELAWARE CO. 


Brant Newstead 


Corfu Pembroke 


Andes Middletown 
Arkville Moresville 
Barboursville New Road 
Bloomville North Harp- 
Bo vina e r>fi el d 


BUFFALO 325 North Boston 
Cheektowaga N'th Clarence 
Clarence Reservation 
Golden Sardinia 
Collins South Wales 


Darien Centre South Byron 
East Bergen Stafford 
East Bethany Stone Church 
E. Pembroke West Bergen 


BovinaCentre N'th Kortright 
Cabin Hill Pappakunk' 
Cannonsville Partridge's 


do CentreSpringville 
Uoncord Tonawanda 
East Evans Town Line 


GREENE COUNTY, 

Acra Lexington 
Athens do Heights 


Clovesville Island 


E. Hamburgh Wales 


Big Hollow Medway 


Colchester Pepacton 


Eden Wales Centre 


BushnellsvilleNew Balti- 


Davenport Roxbury 
do CentreShavertown 


Eleysville Water Valley 
P^vans Williamsville 


Cairo more 
CATSKILL 34 Oak Hill 


DELHI 77 Sidney 


Griffin's Mills Willink 


Cornwallville Palenville 


Deposit Sidney Centre 


Hamburgh Zoar 


Coxsackie Prattsville 


East Branch Sidney Plains 


ESSEX COUNTY. 


Durham Scienceville 


East Franklin S'th Kortright 
Franklin Stamford 
Hamden Stratton's Falls 


AuSableForksNewcomb 
Chesterfield Port Henry 


Kast Durham South Cairo 
East Kill South Durham 
E. Lexington Tannersville 


Hancock Tompkins 
Harpersfield Trout Creek 


ELIZABETH- Port Kent 
TOWN 126 St Armand 


Gny Head Union Society 
Greenville West Kill 


Hobart Walton 


Essex Schroon Lake 


Hunter W. Lexington 


Kortright West Daven- 




Kiskatom Windham 


Masonville port 
Meredith W.Meredith 


Keene Split Rock 
Keeseville Ticonderoga 


Leeds do Centre 
HAMILTON CO. 


DUTCH ESS COUNTY. 


Lewis Upper Jay 


A rietta Hope 


Adriance Amenia Union 


Minerva Wadham's 


Benson Hope Centre 


Amenia Arthursburgh 


Moriah Mills 


Gilman Lake Pleasant 



52 



Counties, Towns and Post Offices 



Long Lake Sageville 


LEWIS COUNTY. 


Parma Centre South Chili 


Morehouse Wells 
Morehouseville 


Brantlngham Lyonsdale 
Collinsville MARTINS- 


Penfield Spencerport 
Perrinton Sweden 


HERKIMER CO. 


Constableville BURGH 142 


Pittsford Webster 


Cedarville Mohawk 
Cold Brook Newport 
Columbia Newville 
Crain'sCornersNorway 


Copenhagen Monterey 
Croghan Osceola 
Deer River Pinckney 
Denmark Stow's Square 


Riga Wesi Greece 
ROCHESTER W T . Henrietta 
Rush [251 West Webster 
Scoltsville Wheatland 


Danube Ohio 


Diana Turin 


MONTGOMERY CO. 


Dennison's Ohio City 
Corners Page'sCorners 
Devereux Payne's Cor- 


Greig Watson 
Harnsburgh West Leyden 
Houseville W'stLowville 


Ames Hagaman's 
Amsterdam Mills 

A nrifcvill A TJallvi!l< 


East Schuyler ners [low 


Indian River West Martins- j p^P ' VrTna viii 


Eatonville Payne's Hol- 


Leyden burgh 


Burtonville Minden 


Fairfield Pottsville 


Lowville West Turin 


Canajoharie Palatine 


Frankfort Russia 
Frankfort Hill Salisbury 
Germanflats do Centre 
HERKIMER 80 Schuyler 
Jlion Stark 
Jacksonburgh Starkville 
Jordanville VanHornsville 
Litchfield Warren 
Little Falls WestSchuyler 
Manheim W.Windfield 
do Centre Wil mot 


LIVINGSTON CO. 

Avon Mivonie 
Caledonia Moscow 
Conesus Mount Morris 
Cuylerville N'thDansville 
Dansville Nunda 
East Avon Portage 
East Spring Ridge 
Water River Road 
Fowlersville Forks 


Charleston do Bridge 
do 4 CornersPort Jackson 
Cranesville Root 
Flatcreek St. Johnsville 
FONDA 42 Salt Spring- 
Fort Hunter ville 
Fort Plain Spraker's 
Freysburg Basin 
Fultonville Stone Arabia 
Glen Tribes' Hill 


Middleville Windfield 


GENESEO 238 Scottsburgh 
Gibbonsville South Avon 


NEW YORK. 

Haerlem NEwYoRKl45 


JEFFERSON CO. 

Adams North Wilna 
Adams Centre Omar 
Alexandria Orleans 
do CentreOxbow 
Antwerp Pamelia 
Bel ville do 4 Corners 
Black River Perch River 


Greigsville Sparta 
Groveland Spottswood 
do CentreSouth Avon 
HemlockLakeSpring Water 
Kysorville Union Corners 
Lakeville West Conesus 
Leicester West Sparta 


King's Bridge 
NIAGARA COUNTY. 

Cambria Olcott 
Chalmers Orange Port 
County Line Pekin 
Hartland Pendleton 
Hickory Cor- Porter 


Brownville Philadelphia 
Burr's Mills Pierrepont 
Cape Vincent IVtanor 


Livonia 
MADISON COUNTY. 


ners Ransom ville 
Johnson'sCr'k Revnales' 
Lewiston Basin 


Carthage Pillar Point 
Champion Piesis [la 


Bennett's Cor-Lenox 
ners Madison 


LOCKPORT 300 Ruyalton 
Locust Tree Somerset 


Clayton Point Peninsu- 
Depauville Redwood 
Dexter Robert's Cor- 


Bouckville Morrisville 
Bridgeport Nelson 
Brookfield New Wood- 


Middleport So Royalton 
MountCambriaWheatneld 
New Fane Wilsons 


East Rodman Rodman [ners 
Ellisburgh Rutland 
Evans' Mills Sackett'sHar- 
Felt's Mills bor [ners 
Great Bend Sanford'sCor- 
Henderson Smithville 
Hounsfield South Rutland 
Lafargeville Sterlingville 
Le Ray Stone Mills 
Le Raysville Stowell'sCor- 
Limerick ners 
Lorraine Theresa 
Lyme Three Mile 


Canastota stock 
Cazenovia No. Brookfield 
Chittenango Oneida 
Clockville Oneida Lake 
De Rtiyter Or.eidaValley 
Earlville Perryville 
East HamiltonPeterboro' 
EATON 103 Poolville 
Erieville Pratt's Hollow 
Fenner Siloam 
Georgetown Smithfield 
Hamilton Stock-bridge 
Lebanon Sullivan 


Niagara Falls Youngstown 

ONEIDA COUNTY. 

Alder Creek Kirkland 
Annsville Lairdsville 
Augusta Lee 
Ava Lowell 
Babcock Hill McConnells- 
Big Brook Marcy [ville 
Boonville Marshall 
Bridgewater NewHartford 
Camden New London 
Cassville N.York Mills 
Clinton North Bay 


Mannsville Bay 
Military Road WATER- 


MONROE COUNTY. 

Adams's Hanforcl's 


Deansville North Gage 
Deerfield N'th Western 


Millen's Bay TOWN 160 
Nat uralBridge Wilna 
North Adams Woodville 


Basin Landing 
Brighton Henrietta 
Brockport HoneoyeFalls 


Delta Oneida Castle 
Durham ville Oriskanv 
East Florence do 'Falls 


KINGS COUNTY. 


Charlotte Irondequoit 


Florence Paris 


BROOKLYN 146Flatlands 


Churchville Mendon 


Floyd [nersParis Furnace 


Bushwick Fort Hamilton 


Clarkson Mumford 


Greene's Cor- Pine 


East New Gravesend 


do CentreNorth Chili 


Higginsville Prospect 


York New Utrecht 


Egypt O'Connelville 


Hizerville Remsen 


Flatbush Williamsburg 


Greece Parma 


H ol 1 and Patent Rome 



in the State of New York. 



Sangerfield Verona 


ORANGE COUNTY. 


West Monroe West Wil- 


Sauquoit Vienna 
Sconondoa Walesville 
South TrentonWaterville 
Steuben West Branch 
Stokes West Camden 


Accommoda- Monroe 
tionville do Works 
Amity Montgomery 
Bloomingrove Mount Hope 
Bullville Newburgh 


Williamstown liamstown 
OTSEGO COUNTY. 

Burlington Otego 
do FlatsOtsego 
Butternuts Otsdawa 


Taberg Western 
Trenton Westernville 
do Falls Westmoreland 
UTIPA 93 West Vienna 
Vernon WHITES- 
do Centre TOWN 96 


Canterbury NewHampton 
Chester New Miltbrd 
Coldennam New Vernon 
Cornwall New Windsor! 
Craigsville Otisville 
Crawford Oxford Depot 


Cherry Valley Pitlsfield 
Colliersville Plainfield 
CoopERSTowNRichfield 
Decatur [66 do Springs 
Sast Spring- Rose boom 
field SchuylerLake 


ONONDAGA CO. 


Cuddehackvill P .ilipsburgh 
Deer Park Poit J or vis 


3ast Worces- South p]dmcs- 
ter ton 


Amber Manlius Centre 


Edenville Riclgebury 


".dmeston South Valley 


Apulia Marcellus 


Farmingham St Andrews 


3xeter do Worces- 


Baldwinsville do Falls 


Finchville SalisburyMills 


^arrattsville ter 


Belle Isle Marietta 


Florida Scotchtown 


jilbertsville Springfield 


Borodino Mottville 


Gaines Slate Hill 


Martwick Unadilla 


Brewerton Navarino 


GOSHEN 105 South Middle- 


do Seminary do Centre 


Camillus Onondaga 


Hamptonburg town 


liaurens do Forks 


Canal do Hollow 
Cardiff Oran 


Highland MillsSugar Loaf 
Huguenot Turners 


Slaple Grove West Burling. 
Vlaryland ton 


Cicero Otisco 


Kendall Unionville 


Middle field West Edmes. 


Clay Plainville 


Knowlesville Walding 


do Centre ton 


Delphi Plank Road 


Little Britain Walkill 


Vlilford West Exeter 


De Witt Polkville 


Lyndonville Warwick, 


do Centre West ford 


Elbridge Pompey 


Medina Wells' Corner 


VTount Vision West Laurens 


Euclid do Centre 


Middle Hope West Point 


New Lisbon do Oneonta 


Fabius Salina 


Minisink West Town 


Daksville Westville 


Fairmount Skaneateles 
Fayetteville So. Marcellus 
Geddes So. Onondaga 
Hartsville Spafford 
Howlet Hill do Hollow 
Jack's Reef SYRACUSE 146 
Jamesville Tully 
Jordan TullyValley 
Kirkville Van Buren 
Lafayette do Centre 
Liverpool Vesper 
Lysander Watervale 
Mandana Wellington 


ORLEANS COUNTY. 

ALBION 257 Murray 
Barre North Ridge- 
Barre Centre way 
Carlton Oak Orchard 
Clarendon Ridge way 
East Carlton Shelby 
East Gaines Shelby Basin 
Gaines South Barre 
Hindsburgh Waterport 
Holley ' West Carlton 
Hul burton, West Gaines 


Oneonta Worcester 
PUTNAM COUNTY. 

DARMEL 106 Milltown 
Hold Spring Patterson 
Doanesburgh Philips! own 
Farmers' MillsPutnamValley 
Haviland Hoi-Red Mills 
low South East 
ent Towners 
QUEENS COUNTY. 
Astoria Jericho 
Buckram Manhasset 


Manlius Windfall 


Kendall \ ates 

TVTillxrill A 


College Point Merrick 




IVllUVlllC 


East NorwichNewtown 


ONTARIO COUNTY. 


OSWEGO COUNTY. 


Farmingdale North Hemp- 


Allen's Hill Naples 
Bristol North Bloom- 
Bristol Centre field 
Canadice Norton's Mills 
CANANDAT- Oak's Corners 


Albion Palermo 
Amboy Parish 
Boyleston Phoenix 
Butterfly Port Ontario 
Central SquareRedfield 


Flushing stead 
Glen Cove Oyster Bay 
Hempstead South 
do Branch Oyster Bay 
JAMAICA 158 Rockaway 


GUA 222 Orleans 


Cleveland Richland 


Jerusalem Roslyn 


Centrefield Phelps 


Colos.se Roosevelt 


South Syosset 


Chapinville Port Gibson 


Constantia Salmon River 


RENSSKLAER CO. 


Cheshire Reed's Cor's 


Fulton Sand Bank 


Alps Grafton 


EastBloomfielRichmond 


Gilbert's Mills Sandy Creek 


Berlin Greenbush 


Farminarton do Mills 


Granby Schroeppel 


Brunswick Hoag's Corner 


Flintcreek Rushville |Greenboro' Scriba 


Brainard's Hoosick 


Geneva Seneca 'Hannibal South Albion 


Bridge Hoosick Falls 


Gorham Seneca Castle Hastings do Richland 


Castleton Junction 


Hall's Corners South Bristol Hinmansville, Texas 


Centre Berlin Lansingburgh 


Honeoye Victor Hull's CornersUnion Settle- 


Defriestville Nassau 


Hopewell AVest Bloom- Kinney's4Cor ment 


Eagle Mills North Steven. 


Larned's Cor- field Mexico Union Square 


East Green- town 


ners West Farm- New Haven Vermillion 


bush Petersburgh. 


Manchester ington Orwell Volney 


East Nassau do 4 Corners 


do Centre .OSWEGO 167 West Amboy 


East SandlakePittstown 



Counties, Towns and Post Offices 



Poestenkill South Scho- 


Ketcham Cor-Rexford Flats 


Ervvin Centre Pond Settle. 


Potter Hill dack 


ners Saratoga 


Gibson ment 


Prospect Hill South Steven 


Malta do Springs 


Goff's Mills Prattsburgh 


Ray merlon town 


Maltaville Schuylerville 


Greenwood Pultney 


Saudlake Tomhannock 


Mechanicsvill South Corinth 


Hammond's Purdey Creek 


Sc aghticoke TROY 6 


Milton Stillwater 


Mills Rathboneville 


Schodack West Sandlak 


Moreau Visscher Ferry 


Hartsville Reading 


do Centre do Stephen- 


Mt Pleasant Waterford 


Haskenville do Centre 


do Lantl'g town 


North Galway West Charlton 


Hornby Shannon 


Stephentown Wynantskill 


Northumber- do Day 


Hornellsville South Came- 


RICHMOND CO. 


land do Greenfield 


Howard ron 


Castleton Southfield 


Pope'sCorners do Milton 


Hunter's LandSouth Dansvill 


Northfield Stapleton 
North Shore Tompkinsville 
RICHMOND 158\Vestfield 


Porter's do Whiteskle's 
Providence Corners 
Quaker SpringWilton 


Jasper do Hill 
Kenned ysville do Pultney 
Lindley Sugar Hill 


Rossville 


SCHENECTADY CO. 


Lindleytown Tlturston 


ROCKLAND CO. 


Braman's Cor.Mariaville 


Mt Washing-Tobehanna 


Clarkstown Orangetown 
Haverstraw Piermont 
Mousey Ramapo 
Nanuet RocklandLake 
North Haver- Scotland 


Duanesburgh Niskayuna 
East GlenvillePrincetown 
Glenville Quaker Street 
HoffmansFer-Rotterdam [15 
ry SCHEXECTADY 


ton Towlesville 
Mud Creek Troupsburgh 
North Cohoc- Tyrone 
ton Urbana 
North Reading Wayne 
do Thurston"West Addison 


straw Tappantown 


SCHOHARIE CO. 


do Urbana do Greenw'd 


Nyack West Hemp- 
do Turnpike stead 


Argosville Gilboa 
3arnerville Hyndsville 


Orange do Troups- 
Painted Post burgh 


ST. LAWRENCE CO. 


Blenheim Jefferson 


Palchin's Mills West Union 


Brasher Morley 


Bruckabeen Lawyersville 


Peltonville Wheeler 


Brasher Fa 11 Morristown 


Broome Leesville 


Pine Grove Woodhull 


Back Bridge Nicholviile 
CANTON 206 Norfolk 
Colton Oak Point 


Byrneville Livingstonvill 
Carlisle Middleburgh 
Central BridgeMorseville 


Pineville Wormleys 

SUFFOLK COUNTY. 


De Kalb Ogdensburgh 
De Peyster Oswegatchie 
East Pierpont Parishville 
Edwards Pierpont 
Edwardsville Pitcairn 


>harlotteville North Blen- 
Cobleskill heim 
do CentreRichmondville 
?onesville SCHOHARIE 32 
SastCobleskillSeward 


Amagansett Miller's Place 
Babylon Moriches 
Baiting Hollo'Mount Sinai 
Bellport New Village 
Bridghampton Northport 


Flackville Potsdam 


3sperei.ce Sharon 


Brookhaven Orient 


Fine Rackett River 
Fowler Raymondville 
Fullersville Richville 


? ranklinton do Centre 
"'ulton Sloanville 
Fultonhara Summit 


3entreport Patchogue 
Cold Spring Port Jefferson 
Harbor Quogue 




Gallupville Waldensville 


Uommack Riverhead 


Hammond Russell 


Gardnersville Wright 


Horam Sag Harbor 


Helena Shingle Creek 
Hermon Somerville 
Heuvelton South Canton 


SENECA COUNTY. 

^anoga Seneca Falls 
Covert Sheldrake 


Cutchogue Sayville 
Dix Hills Setauket 
East HamptonShelter Island 


Hopkintown do Edwards 
Lawrenceville do Hammond 


Banner South Lodi 
?ayette Townsendvill 


Fireplace Smithtown 
Flanders Southampton 


Lisbon Southville 


lunius Tyre 


3ood Ground Southold 


Louisville Stockholm 
Macomb Waddington 


L,odi Varick 
do Centre Waterloo 


Greenport Speonk 
HermitageDe- Stony Brook 


Madrid WcstPotsdam 
Massena do Stockholm 


DVID 197 West Fayette 
Romulus do Junius 


pot Success 
Huntington SUFFOLK 226 


Matildaville Wrightsburgh 
SARATOGA COUNTY 


STEUBEN COUNTY. 

Addison Cohocton 


[slip Upper Aque- 
Jamesport boque 
Vtanorville Wading River 


BALLSTON 30 East Line 


Arkport Cold Spring 


Mattituck West Hills 


do CentreEdgecombe's 
Barkersville Corners 


Avoca Mills 
BATH 216 Cooper'sPlains 


Middle Island Yaphauk 


Bemis' HightsEdinburgh 


Bennett CreekCorning 


SULLIVAN COUNTY. 


Blenheim Fortsville 


Bradford Cossville 


Barryville Collikoon 


Burnt Hills Galway 


BrimmersvilleDansville 


Beaverbrook Fallsburgh 


Charlton Grangerville 


Cameron Doty's Corner 


Beaverkill Forestburgh 


Clifton Park Greenfield 


Campbell East Cameron 


Bethel Fosterdale 


Corinih do Centre 


do Creek do Canisteo 


BloomingburgGales 


Coveville Hadley 


do Town do Painted 


Bridgeville Glen Wild 


Day Half-Moon 


Canisteo Post 


Burlingham Grahamsville 


Dean's CornerJoiiesville 


Catoii Erwin 


Cochecton Hartwood 



in the State of New York. 



55 



Hasbrouck Purvis 


Rondout The Corner I South Butler West Wai- 


Liberty Rockland 


Rosendale Tuthill [South Sodus worth 


Lumberland Sandburgh 


Saugerties Ulsterville Walworth Williamson 


Monticello Thompson 
Mamakating Thompsonville 


Shandaken Warwarsing West Butler Wolcott 
do Centre West Camp |Westburgh 


Narrowsburg West Broak- 


Shawangunk do Hurley 


WESTfHESTER CO. 


Neversink ville 


Shokan Woodstock 


BEDFORD 130 Port Chester 


Parksville White Lake 


Southwick 


Cortland Poundridge 


Philipsport Woodbourne 
Pond Eddy Wurtsboroug' 


WARREN COUNTY. 

Athol Hyde 


Cortlandtown Rye 
Cross River Salem Centre 


TIOCA COUNTY. 


Bolton Johnsburgh 


Croton Falls Scarsdale 


Apalachin Nichols 


CALDWELL 62 Luzerne 


Dobb's Ferry Shrub Oak 


Barton OWEGO 167 


Chester Pottersville (East Chester Sing Sing 


Berkshire Richford 


Chestertown Queensbury j Greenburgh Somers 


Campbell Sliawnee 


Glen's Falls Stony Creek Harrison South Salem 


Candor Smithsboro' 


Hague The Glen 


LewisboroughTarrytown 


Canfield's South Owego 
Corners Spencer 


Horicon Warrensburg 


Mamoroneck The Purchase 
Moringville Tuckahoe 


Factoryville Tioga 


WASHINGTON CO. 


Mt. Pleasant Verplanck 


Flemineville Tioga Centre 


Anaquascook Hartford 


New Castle Vista 


HalseyValley West Candor 
Newark West Newark 


Argyle Hebron 
Bartenviile Jackson 


do RochelleWestchester 
North Castle West Farms 


do ValleyWillseyville 


Buskirk's Kingsbury 
Bridge Lake 


do Salem do Somers 
Ossinsinsr WHJTEPLAINS 


TOMPK1NS CO. 

Burdett Mecklinburgh 


Cambridge LowHampton,Peeksville Whitlockville 
Centre Cam- Middle Gran- Pelham Yonkers 


Caroline Mott'sCorners 


bridge ville 


Pine's Bridge Yorktown 


do CentreNewfield 


Centre White North Argyle 


Plessantville 


Cayutaville North Hector 


Creek do Easton 


WYOMING COUNTY. 


Danby do Newfield 


Comstock's do Granville 


A ttio.i ATidi) !.! in r\' 


Dryden do Lansing 
East Lansing Peruville 
Enfield Reynoldsville 


Landing do Greenwich %* Centre N^hj'ava 
Dresden do Hebron Bennillgton do Sheldon 
E. GreenwichNorth White n..JuT Hn wth*>rs_ 


do Centre Searsburgh 


Easton Creek 


,-,,. ,. , , 


Etna Seneca 
Groton Slaterville 


East Salem Patten's Mills 
Fort Ann Putnam 


Covington Orangeville 


Hector South Danby 
ITHACA 170 do Lansing 
Jacksonville Speedsville 


Fort Edward Salem 
Fort Edward SANDYHILLSO 
Centre Shusan 


Dale Perry 
Eagle do Centre 
Eist China Pike 


Lake Ridge Trumansburg 
Lansing Ulysses 
Lansingville Varna 
Logan Waterbury 
Ludlowville West Dryden 


Fort Miller South Argyle 
Galesville do Easton 
Granville do Granville 
Greenwich do Hartford 
Griswold'a West Hebron 


do Java Sheldon 
Gainesville Strykersville 
Genesee Falls Varysburgh 
Hermitage Vernol 
Java \VARSAW 303 


McLean West Groton 


Mills White Creek 


do Village Wethersfield 


ULSTER COUNTY. 


Hampton Whitehall 


Johnsburgh do Spring 


Accord MarMetown 


WAYNE COUNTY. 


La Grange Wyoming 


Amesville Marlborough 


Alloway Marion 


YATES COUNTY. 


Beach Hill Milton 


Arcadia Newark 


Barrington Middlesex 


Bruynswick Modena 


Butler Ontario 


Benton Milo 


Esopus Napanock 


Clyde Palmyra 


do Centre do Centre 


Glasco New Hurley 


East Palmyra Port Glasgow 


Big Stream North Middle- 


High Falls New Palts 


Fairville Pultneyville 


Point sex 


Hurley Landing 


Galen Red Creek 


Branchport Penn Yan 


KINGSTON 98 New Paltz 


Huron Rose 


Dundee Potter 


Kyserike Olive 


Locke Berlin Salmon Creek 


Ferguson Cor Rock Stream 


Lackawack do Bridge 


LYONS 181 Savannah 


Italy South Milo 


Lake Hill Plattekill 


Macedon Sodus 


do Hill Starkey 


Lloyd River Side 


do Centre do Centre 


do Hollow West Dresden 


Maiden Rochester 


Marengo do Point 


Jerusalem Yatesville 



The longest day in Great Britain is 17 hours and 2 minutes. In the 
United States, it is only 14 hours and 50 minutes. The shortest day in 
Great Britain is 7 hours and 20 minutes, in the United States it is 9 
hours and 10 minutes. 



56 Stage and Mail Routes. 



STAGE AND MAIL ROUTES IN OLDEN TIME. 
In June, 1785, a company of stage proprietors undertook to make the 
land passage to New York from Albany, " the most easy and agree- 
able, as well as the most expeditious," by performing the journey in 
two days, at 3d. a mile; but in the fall of the year, " for the ease of the 
passengers," the time of running was changed to three days, and the 
price raised to 4d. a mile, " agreeably to act of assembly." This was a 
chartered company, the legislature having in the above year granted to 
Isaac Van Wyck, Talmage Hall and John Kinney, the exclusive right 
" to erect, set up, carry on, and drive," stage wagons between Albany 
and New York, on the east side of the Hudson river, for a term of ten 
years, and restrained all opposition under a penalty of 200. They were 
to have at least two covered wagons, each drawn by four able horses, 
the fare was limited to 4d. a mile, and the trips to be performed once a 
week, under the penalty of the forfeiture of their charter. At this time 
the post office at Albany served not only for the adjoining towns, as Sche- 
nectady and Greenbush, but also for Orange and Dutchess counties, 
Cherry Valley, &c., and letters were advertised even for Vermont. By 
the post office arrangements of January, 1786, the New York mail ar- 
rived twice a week, Wednesdays and Saturdays. The post office busi- 
ness at this time could not have been very extensive, there being but 
two mails in the week, one from New York, and the other from Spring- 
field, which were so unimportant that for several years after the routes 
were called cross-roads in the government contracts, and terminated at 
the city. The communication with the neighboring counties and states 
was kept up by post riders, w r ho met at certain points and interchanged 
letters and papers, and when the business was not sufficient to support 
them, subscriptions were raised for the purpose among such citizens as 
were interested in their continuance In 1789 a stage commenced run- 
ning from Platt's Inn in Lansingburgh, to Lewis's City Tavern, Albany, 
three limes a week, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The bill of 

fare down and back was 4s.; fare one way 3s In 1790 a post of this 

kind left Albany on Monday afternoon, and reached Schenectady the 
same day; was at Johnstown on Tuesday, at Canajoharie on Wednesday, 
at Fort Plain on Thursday, at Fort Hunter and Warrensbush on Friday, 
and arrived at Albany, on its return, Monday forenoon. The post to 
Vermont left the city on Monday evening, arrived at Pittstown on Tues- 
day, at Bennington on Wednesday, at Little White Creek and Cambridge 
on Thursday, at Tomhannic and Schaghticoke on Friday, and at Hoosic 
on Saturday. This was also the mode, and almost the only means, of 

circulating newspapers at that day It was mentioned at this time 

( 1790) , that the trade and commerce of the United States had been greatly 
benefitted by the regulations at the general post office, whereby the mail 
was transported five times a week between New York and Philadelphia; 
and the post master general had signified his intention to make the same 
arrangements between New York and Baltimore, at the beginning of the 

next year In February, 1790, the legislature granted Ananias Platt 

the exclusive right of running a stage between Albany and Lansing- 
burgh. Four years later, Mr. Platt, " grateful for public custom," un- 
dertook to run his stage twice a day from Lansingburgh to Albany and 
back. In the winter of 1795 he had increased the number of daily trips 



Stage and Mail Routes. 57 

to six. In the summer of 1796, the amount of travelling had increased 
so much as to employ twenty stages daily between Waterford, Lansing- 
burgh, Troy and Albany, averaging more than 150 passengers a day... .In 
1791, the post master general was authorized by law to extend the post 
route from Albany to Bennington, Vt.; and the first mail reached that 
place on the 25th of March, the anniversary of the settlement of the 
town thirty years before. The printers complained of the careless and 
irregular manner in which the New York mail was carried. It appears 
that the contract required the mail to be carried but once a week, though 
the carriers generally took it twice, and thereby exceeded their con- 
tract It may be here remarked, that the length of all the post routes 

in the state, is now, 1848. above 13,000 miles In 1792, by the act of 

congress for extending post roads, and fixing the rates of postage, the 
mail route from Albany to Bennington was extended through the state 
of Vermont to the north part of this state on Lake Chatnplain; and a 
post road established from Albany through Schenectady to Canajoharie. 
The rates of postage on newspapers were about the same as they are 
now, with the exception of the odious three cent appendage. A post 
was established in the same year from Albany to Whitestown, as a pri- 
vate enterprise, which performed the route once a fortnight Several 
gentlemen in the Genesee country, established another to meet the one 
at Whitestown, by which a communication was opened between Albany 
and the far went. The latter post passed through Geneva, Canandar- 
qua, Canawargus and Williamsburgh. Towns were then few and far 
between. There were but 7 in Saratoga county, 3 in Herkimer, and 
4 in Montgomery. Postmaster General Pickering's advertisements for 
contracts to carry the mails, also proposed to extend the post road w*st 
of Albany, " from Connojorharrie to Whitestown, and thence to Kanan- 
darqua." About the same time a private post was established from 
Niagara to the Genesee river, where it met the one previously mentioned, 
and interchanged letters and papers. By this means a chain of com- 
munication was opened through the whole extent of the state, and the 
Messrs. Webster in Albany received and forwarded letters gratuitously 
to every part of the country where there were no mails. Some one pro- 
posed this year to establish a line of stages from Albany to Whitestown, 
a project which the editor of the Gazette says, would have been ridi- 
culed at an earlier day, but which the great intercourse with the west- 
ern country might justify, and answer a valuable purpose, if the pro- 
prietors could succeed in contracting for the mail. In the spring of 1793- 
Moses Beal c> erected a stage," to use his own words, " for the accom, 
modation of passengers from Albany to Schenectady, Johnstown, and 
Canajohary, once a week." It left Albany at 6 o'clock on Friday 
morning, and arrived at Canajoharie the next day. The fare was 3c. 
a mile. It returned on Tuesday. He proposed to go occasional!) as 
far as Little Falls, if desired! The success of these enterprises embold- 
ened others; and we find that one John Hudson, inn keeper, established 
a line of stages to run between Albany and Schenectady, three times a 
week; and John Rodgers, of Ballston, ran a line from that place to con- 
nect with it, by which a regular communication was now first established 
for the convenience of those who visited the springs. The fare was 4s. 
to Schenei-tady; those who continued through were charged 3d. a mile. 
A still bolder scheme was undertaken, to connect the city with the val- 
ley of the Connecticut, by a line of stages to Northampton. Arrange- 



58 Stage and Mail Routes. 

ments having been made in the fall of the above year, a stage started 
from each end of the line on Tuesdays and Fridays, in the morning, and 
met at Pittsfield in the evening, accomplishing the entire route in two 
days. The proprietors, in their appeal to the public for patronage, re- 
mark, that the difficulty of extending a line of stages across the moun- 
tains, had always been considered insurmountable, but reflecting that 
such an establishment would complete the line of an expeditious and 
sure communication from " Portland, in the province of Maine," through 
a rich and flourishing country, to Whitestown, in the western part of the 
state of New York, a distance of upwards of 400 miles, they had de- 
termined to make the experiment. The fare was 4c. a mile. ... In 1794 
the post routes from Albany, or centering in Albany, had increased to 
five, as follows, preserving the post master general's orthography. 
1st. Form Albany to Kinderhook, Hudson. Clermont, Redhook, Rhine- 
beck, Poughkeepsie, Fishkill, Pickskill and New r York, once a week. 
2d. From Albany to Lansingburgh, Bennington, Manchester, Rutland, 
Middleburgh, Vergennes and Burlington, once a week. 3d. From Alba- 
ny to New Lebanon, Pittsfield, Worthington, Northampton and Brook- 
field, once a week. 4tb. From Albany to Kinderhook, Stockbridge and 
Springfield, once a week. 5th. From Albany to Scheneclady, Johns- 
town, Canajohary, German Flatts, Whitestown, Old Fort Schuyler, On- 
ondaga, Aurora, Scipio, Geneva and Kanandaigua, once in two weeks. 
A branch ran from Canajohary through Cherry Valley to Cooperstown, 

once a week In January, 1795, Mr. John Hudson ran two stages, one 

of four horses and the other of two, daily between Albany and Sche- 
nectady, and Ananias Platt soon after went upon the same line, making 
four trips a day. The fare to New York by stage this year, was re- 
duced to 3. 4s. ($3). It is understood that the price was usually $10. 
In the following year it was reduced to $6 in the summer; the fare from 

Albany to Fort Schuyler was $2'50; to Whitestown. $3 In the same 

year also (1796), the mails made the transit between Albany and Phila- 
delphia, a distance of about 260 miles, in three days, and from Boston 
to Philadelphia in four days, from Savannah to Philadelphia in thirteen 

days The post roads diverging from Albany were further increased 

in 1797, through northern towns. A list of the roads and distances in 
various directions from Albany, this year, was as follows: 

ALBANY TO HARTFORD AND NEW HAVEN. 

Miles. 

Sheffield, 4 

Canaan, 8 

Norfolk, 6 

Dr. Bid well's, 4 

Phelps's (Green Woods) , 5 

Austin's (New Hartford), 5 

Case's (Symsbury), 7 

Northington, 4 

West Hartford, 5 

Hartford, 4 

Middletown, 15 

New Haven, 23 

138 



Miles. 
Col.Visscher's and JohnStaats's 

Greenbush, 1 

McKown's, 4 

Smith's 6 

John Miller's 1 



Kinderhook Plains, 4 

Kinderhook Mills, 2 

Buck's Tavern, 5 

Spencertown, 7 

Green river 5 

Derby's, 5 

Egremont, foot of Nabletown 

mountain, 1 

Cook's, 4 

Baker's, in Gt. Barringlon ... 1 



Stage and Mail Routes. 



59 



Carpenter's 
Buck's 



ALBANY TO NIAGARA. 
Miles. 

Humphrey's Tavern, 2 

McKown's, 3 

Douw's, 2 

Truax's, 5 

Schenectady, 4 

Groat's 12 

John Fonda's, 12 

Conally's, 7 

Roseboom'sFer.(Can'joharie), 3 

Hudson's (Indian Castle),.. .. 13 

Aldridge's (German Flatts),.. 11 

Brayton's, 13 

Old Fort Schuyler 3 



Whitestown, 4 

Home (Fort Stanwix), 12 

Whitestown to Laird's Tavern, 9 

Oneida Castle, 8 

Wemp's, 5 

John Denna's, 7 

ALBANY TO 

Flatts, 5 

Waterford, 7 

Half-Moon, 6 

Sti 11 water, 4 

Ensign's, 6 

Du Mont's Ferry, 8 

Fort Edward, 12 

Sandy Hill, 2 

Fort Ann, 10 

Skeensborough, 12 

Dr. Smith's, 8 



Miles. 

Foster's, 5 

Morehouse's, 6 

Keeler's or Danforth's, 5 

15 
3 

Goodrich's, 8 

Huggins's, 4 

Cayuga, v 7 

Seneca, 3 

Geneva, 11 

Amsden's, 6 

Wells's, 8 

Sanburne's (Canandarqua),. .. 4 



Sears's & Peck's, 13 

Genesee river, 



14 

40 



Indiantown Tonawanda,... 

Niagara, 35 

310 

MONTREAL. 

Burlington, 70 

Sandbar, 14 

John Martin's 14 

Savage's Point, 6 

Windmill " 6 

Isle au Noix, 12 

St. John's, 14 

Laperara, 18 

Montreal, 9 

232 



McKown's, 5 

Strong's, 

Schermerhorn's, 

Lebanon Springs, 

Pittsfield, 

Partridgetield 

Worthington 



ALBANY TO BOSTON. 

Northampton, 13 

Belchertown, 15 

Brookfield, 15 

Leicester, 13 

Worcester, 13 

Boston, 44 



Chesterfield," 7 177 

Note. From Worcester to Boston the country is almost one continued 
village, and houses of entertainment in no instance of two or three miles. 



ALBANY TO NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 



Greenbush. 



McKown's. 4] 



Smith's 
J Miller's, 



Kinderhook, 4 

Claverack, 14 

Livingston's Manor, 7 

Swart's, 15 



Kinderhook Plains, 4 l| Rhinebeck, 9 



60 



Stage and Mail Routes. 



Miles. 

Staatsburgh, 6 

Poughkeepsie, 11 

Fishkill, 14 

Nelson's (Highlands), ... 11 

Peekskill, 9 

Odell's, 10 



Miles. 

Conklin's, 12 

Kingsbridge, 12 

New York, 15 

Philadelphia, 95 

260 



So little improvement was made in regard to speed, that in 1804 a line 
of stages commenced running between Albany and New York, which 
occupied three days in the journey, lodging the first night at Rhinebeck, 
and the next at Peekskill. The avowed object of this line was the ease 
of the traveller, who was allowed all the time requisite to make the pas- 
sage agreeable. As far as time was concerned, surely no one could de- 
sire to be longer on the road. Fare $8. The steam boats soon after this 
introduced a new mode of conveying travellers and the mail, with ease 

and comfort to the passenger, and a considerable increase of speed In 

1811 a line of stages was formed from Albany to Niagara Falls, which 
accomplished the journey in three days, at the following rales: from, 
Albany to Utica, $5'50; Utica to Geneva, $5; Geneva 1o Canandaigua, 
$5 75; and from thence to Buffalo at 6c. a mile. . . .In 1814 a line of stages 
was established by a Mr. Hicks, to run between Albany and Brattle- 
boro', to carry the mail tw r ice a week, but to make the trip between the 
two places in one day. It was thought the journey to Boston could be 

performed with greater safety by this route than any other In 1818 

a line of stages commenced running between Albany and Montreal, on 
the west side of Lake Champlain, transporting the mail three times a 
week. By continued gradations, Albany became the centre of a large 
amount of stage travel, which increased from year to year until about 
1830, the dawning of the rail road era. Lines of stages diverged to every 
point of the compass, and its streets were thronged with vehicles de- 
parting and arriving at all hours of the day and night. There were 
several lines daily to Buffalo, to Montreal, to New York, and to Boston. 
There was a line to Boston by the way of Charlestown, N. H., one by 
Brattleboro', Vt., one by Greenfield, Mass., and one by Springfield, Mass , 
and one by Hartford, Ct. Besides these there were numerous less im- 
portant lines. The firms of Thorp & Sprague, and Baker & Walbridge, 
owned an incredible number of stage coaches, which were subsequently 
laid up on the completion of the rail roads, and other improvements in 
traveling, and many hundreds of worn out horses went to their rest. The 
glory of this business has departed; its tired horses and tired men have 
been superseded by the iron horse, which never tires. Troy is now the 
seat of staging operations in this region; a few straggling lines take the 
northern routes over the mountains, and short lines penetrate sections 
of the country remote from the rail roads. One line still occupies the 
route, over the Cherry Valley turnpike, terminating at Syracuse; through 
in 24 hours; fare $2'75, or thereabout. This route accommodates such 
as halt at by-places, or are a little doubtful of their entire personal sa/ety 
behind a locomotive. Mr. Joseph Webster, who is the veteran stager 
of the day. also traverses the Helderberg ridge with a six horse team, 
to Rensselaerville, and another line leaves the Clinton Hotel, keeping 
up a communication with Schoharie. 



Routes of Travel. 61 



PRINCIPAL ROUTES OF TRAVEL DIVERGING FROM 
ALBANY. 

ALBANY TO TROY. 

During the season of navigation there are three modes of conveyance 
between Albany and Troy, viz.: 

1st. By stage which leaves the General Stage Office, No. 436 Broad- 
way, Albany, and the hotels on River street, Troy, half-hourly, from 
6 A. M. to 7 P. M. Fare 12 cents. 

2d By steamboat, hourly, from the foot of State street, Albany, and 
the Steamboat Landins, River street, Troy. Fare 12 cents. 

3d. By the Troy and Greenbush Rail Road, hourly, from about 6 A. 
M. to 7 P. M., from the East Albany depot, and the east end of the rail 
road bridge, Troy. Fare 20 cents. 



BETWEEN ALBANY AND BUFFALO. 

Between Albany, Niagara Falls and Buffalo, there are several routes 
and modes of conveyance. 

1st. By rail road to Sclvenectady, thence by rail road or packet boats 
running on the Erie canal. 

2d. By rail road or canal to Rome, thence by stage on plank road and 
stearn boat, via. Oswego. 

3d. By rail road, stage or canal to Syracuse, thence by rail road or 
canal and steam boat, via. O&wego. 

4th. By rail road or canal to Rochester, thence by rail road, canal or 
steam boat. 

At Ulica, Rome, Syracuse and Rochester, passengers can change from 
the cars to the packets or line boats, and vice versa, without any incon- 
venience. There are also many points between Schenectady and Utica, 
where a change may be made. 

BY ERIE CANAL AND PACKET BOATS. 

During the season of canal navigation, there are two daily lines of 
packet boats from Schenectady to Buffalo, navigating the Erie canal. 
Leave Schenectady for Buffalo about 9 A. M. and 9 P. M., or on the 
arrival of the morning and evening cars from Albany. Fare from 
Schenectady to Albany, by rail road, 50 cents. Leave Buffalo also about 
the same hours for Schenectady, arriving morning and evening in time 
for passengers to proceed without delay by rail road to Albany. At 
Lockport the packet boats connect with the cars running between Lock- 
port and Niagara Falls, and which connect with cars between Niagara 
Falls and Buffalo. Travellers who wish a more economical mode thaa 
by packet or cars, can travel by line boats, which afford good accommo- 
dations at a cheap rate. The usual charge for passage and board being 
about one and a half cents per mile, or one cent per mile without board. 
Line boats reach Buffalo from Albany in about seven days. Distance 
364 miles. 

5 



62 



Routes of Travel. 



PACKET BOAT TO BUFFALO. 



Stopping Places. 


a, 

o 
* 


5 
o 
H 


Stopping Places. 


< 






ii 

"o 
H 


Port Schuyler, 


6 
1 
2 
1 

3 
6 
7 
4 
9 
8 
5 
2 
8 
9 
3 
3 
5 
4 
2 
5 
7 
1 
5 
9 
3 
1 

! 

I 

3 
4 
2 
3 
5 

3 
5 

4 
8 
1 
2 
4 
2 
5 
2 


6 
7 
9 
10' 
13 
19 
26 
30 
39 
47 
52 
54 
57 
66 
69 
72 
77 
81 
83 
88 
95 
96 
101 
110 
113 
114 
117 
125 
127 
129 
132 
136 
133 
141 
146 
150 
153 
158 
162 
170 
171 
173 
177 
179 
184 
186 




4 
1 
5 
1 
2 
6 
6 
5 
5 
4 
6 
1 
3 
5 
4 
3 
2 
2 
1 
1 
3 
3 
4 
6 
10 
2 
3 
3 
2 
5 
4 
6 
2 
1 
4 
4 
3 
3 
3 
2 
7 
7 
12 
8 
1 
3 


190 
191 
196 
197 
199 
205 
211 
216 
221 
225 
231 
232 
235 
240 
244 
247 
249 
251 
252 
253 
256 
259 
263 
269 
279 
281 
284 
287 
289 
294 
298 
304 
306 
307 
311 
315 
318 
321 
324 
326 
333 
340 
352 
360 
361 
364 


West Troy 




Junction Champlain Canal, 








Port Byron 












Clyde, 




Lock Berlin, 








Lockville, 






Port Gibson 










Fort Plain, 




St Johnsville, 






" Centre, 


Indian Castle . . . . 




LittleFalls, 




Herkimer Lower Bridge... . 
" Upper " ... 
Frankfort 


Bushnell's " 


Pittsford 


Billin a hurst's Basin ...... 


thica 




York Mills, 










Adams's * ' 




Cooley's " 


Wood Creek 






Holley, 
























Medina, 




Shelby Basin 


Kirkville, 




Manlius, 












Geddes, 




Belisle, 










Black Rock 


Peru, 


Buffalo, 



Routes of Travel. 



63 



BY RAIL ROAD. 

Leave Albany for Buffalo and intermediate places about 7 A. M , and 
1 and 7 P. M.; running through to Buffalo in about seventeen hours, and 
connecting at Buffalo with boats running to all ports on tlie upper lakes. 
Leave Buffalo for Albany about 8A.M., and 1 and 5 P. M., connecting 
with the morning and evening steam boats for New York, and cars for 
Boston, &.c. 



Stopping Places. 



o 

CM 


"5 




i 

OJ 

e 


Stopping Places. 


OH 
O 




.2 
o 
H 


1 




17 


It 


50: 




j 


165 




Hoffman's Ferry, . . 


9 


96 


75 




4 


169 




Crane's Village, 


4 
4 


30 
34 


90 
1 00 


Auburn, 26 miles,.. 


5 
1] 


174 
185 


5-05 


Tribe's Hill, 


5 
ft 


39 
44 


1 15 
30 


jSeneca Falls, 
Waterloo, 


5 
3 


190 
193 




Yost's 


6 


50 


45 


Gae's .......... 


3 


196 






3 


53 


55 


Genevq 


4 


200 




Palatine Bridge, 
Fort Plain 


3 
3 


56 
59 


65 
75 


Oak's Corners, .... 
Vienna 


5 
3 


205 
208 






9 


61 


85 


Clifton, 


4 


212 




St John^ville 


1 


64 


90 




4 


216 




East Canada Creek, 


3 


67 


2-00 




3 


219 




Little Falls, 


7 


74 


2-20 


Canandaigua, 


.3 


900 




Herkimer ........ 


7 


81 


2*40 




10 


?32 






3 


84 


2'60' 


Fisher's 


4 


236 




Utica, 94* miles,.. . 


11 
4 


95 
99 


275 


Railroad Mills,.... 


1 
5 


237 
242 






3 


10? 






5 


247 






7 


1()9 




Roche c ter, 77 miles 


4 


251 


7-55 


Green's Corners, ^. . 


5 


114 




Cold Water 


6 


257 






4 


1IS 




Chili 


4 


961 




Onei Ja . . . . 


4 


]99 




Churchville ..... 


4 


265 






3 


125 




Wardville 


3 


96* 






3 


]9S 






4 


979 






3 


131 




Byron, 


4 


976 




Chi ttpnan p o, 


9 


133 




Bata via, .......... 


7 


283 




Kirkville 


5 


13S 




Alexander ........ 


8 


991 




]Vlanlius 


9 


140 




Attica 44 miles 


4 


295 




De Witt 


^ 


145 




Darien City 


4 


299 




Syracuse, 53 miles,. 


3 




14S 
150 


4-25 


Darien Centre, .... 
\|,Jcn 


2 
6 


301 
307 






fi 


156 




Town Line 


4 


11 




Hish Embankment, 


a 


159 






6 


317 




Half- Way House,.. 
Elbridse 


2 
3 


161 
164 




Cheektawaga, 
'Buffalo i 


4 
5 


321 
326 


9-75 



At a meeting of the superintendents of the several rail roads forming 
the line between Albany and Buffalo, in October, 1848, the following 
schedule was adopted, which went into operation on the 23d of that 
month. 



64 



Routes of Travel. 



GOING WEST. 



Leave Albany, ...... 7 

Schenectady.. 8 
Utica, ...... ..12 

Syracuse,.... 3 

Auburn ....... 4 15 

Rochester,... 8 30 

Arrive at Buflalo,.. .12 30 A. M. 



P.M. 



P.M. 
" 



2 
3 

830 " 
2230A.M. 
230 " 
9 " 
1 



P.M. 



GOING EAST. 



2 P. M. 

730 " 

1 15 A. M. 

3 

7 " 

1230p.M. 

1 30 " 



P. M. 
(I 



7 
8 

12 night, 
250A/M. 
345 " 
9 ' 
1 P.M. 



9 P. M. 

1 15A.M. 

530 ' 

7 15 " 

1015 " 

2 15p.M. 

3 15 " 



Leave Buffalo, 7 A.M. 

" Rochester,.... 11 15 " 

" Auburn, 3 20 p. M. 

" Syracuse, 5 15 " 

" Utica, 8 15 " 

11 Schenectady,. .12 15 A. M. 
Arrive at Albany,... 1 15 " 
On the 1st of November, the fares on this line were reduced from $12 
to $9-75. as follows: 
Albany to Schenectady,... $0'50|| Auburn to Rochester,... .. $250 

Scheneclady to Utica, 2'25 Rochester to Buffalo, 2*25 

Utica to Syracuse, ToOj 

Syracuse to Auburn, '7511 Total, $9.75 

It is understood that each train departs within half an hour after its 
arrival at each of the intermediate places mentioned in the above list. 



DISTANCES FROM ALBANY TO NEW YORK, 

ON THE HUDSON RIVER. 



Overslaugh, 3 

Castleton, 8 

Schodack Landing, 10 ( 

Coeymans 12; 

New Baltimore, 14 

Kinderhook Landing 18 

Coxsackie, 21 

Hudson, 29 

Catskill, 34 

Bristol, or Maiden, 43 

Saugerties, 4-1 

Upper Redhook, 45 

Lower Redhook, 48 

Rhinebeck, 55 

Pelham, 6l| 

Hyde Park, 65J 

Poughkeepsie, 7li; 

Milton, 75 j 

New Hamburgh, 78; . 

Newburgh,..: 84' 



New Windsor, 86 

Cornwall, 88 

Cold Spring, 91 

West Point . 93 

Culd well's Landing, 101 

V'erplanck's Point, 104 

Grassy Point, 106 

Teller's Point, 1 10 

Sing Sing 112 

Tarry town,. 118 

Piermont 121 

Dobbs's Ferry, 123 

Hastings, 125 

Yonkers, 128 

Spuy ten Duy vel Creek, 132 

Fort Lee, N. J., 135 

Man hat la nvi lie, 137 

Bull's Ferry, N. J., 139 

New York, 145 



Routes of Travel. 



ON THE 

Greenbnsh, 


EAST SIDE OF THE HUDSON RIVER. 


,. 76 




10 


Fishkill, 


89 


Kinderhook .... 


. 20 




99 




25 


Peekskill, 


.... 108 




. 33 




118 




44 




120 




46 




126 




51 




132 


Lower Redhook . 


54 


|Yonker<5 


137 




60 




141 


Hyde Park, 


70 


NPW York. . 


154 


ON THE 

Coeyroan*! . . 


WEST SIDE OF THE HUDSON RIVER. 
. 12 NTonr TTnrlow 


... 83 




14 




87 




20 


Walden 


90 


Athene 


28 




94 


Catskill 


34 




104 


IMalden or Bristol 


43 




109 


Ulster . . . 


46 




115 




49 




121 


Kin^ton, . . . . t 


58 




131 




66 




150 


NewPallz 


74 




174 









ALBANY TO NEW YORK. 

BY HOUSATONIC RAIL ROAD AVD STEAMBOAT. 



Slopping Places. 


a, 
c 

cu 


1 
H 


Stopping Places. 




C 

I 


1 




1 

7 
8 
7 
5 
5 
5 
2 

2 

(3 
7 
2 
3 

7 
4 
8 


l\ 

16 ! 
23 

23 
32 
38 

40 
41 
49 
55 
62 
64 
67 
74 
78 
86 




6 
6 
6 
6 
4 
4 

,s 

3 

12 
11 
11 
8 

8 
3 
4 


92 
98 
104 
110 
114 
118 
123 
133 
136 
148 
159 
170 
178 
186 
189 
193 


Schodack, 


New Milford 










East Chatham 






Bottsford's 






West Stockbrid p e, 






Black Rock, 






Sheffield 


Greenwich Point 




N>w Rochelle 


Canaan 


Throw's Neck 


Canaan Falls Village . ... 


I Hell Gate 


West Cornwall, 


Blackwell's Island, 




New York 


Kent, 





66 



Routes of Travel. 



DISTANCES FROM NEW YORK TO OREGON. 



Miles. 
St. Louis, (shortest way, and 

not by rivers,) 1, 033 

Independence, 266 

Blue, at Burnett's Trace, 520 

Bigg Platte, 25 

Up " 25 

Up the same 117 

Across the North Fork of the 

same 31 

(Jp North Fork to Cedar Grove 18 

Up the same to Chimney,. ... 18 

Scott's Bluffs, 20 

FortLarima, 33 

Big Sprine, at the foot of the 

Black Hills, 

Keryen North Fork, 

Crossing of the same, 34 

Sweet Water 55 

Up same to the snow on Rocky 

Mountains, 60 

Main divide of the same,.... 40 
Waters running to the Pacific 

Ocean 2 

Little Sandy, 14 

Big " 14 

Green river, 25 

Down the same, 12 

Black Fort of Green river,.. . 22 



Miles. 

FortBridge, 35 

Koag river, 35 

Down same to the hills that 

run on same, 57 

Down same to the Great San- 
dusky 38 

Partnith, first waters of the 

Columbia, -,,.- 25 

Fort Hall, on Snake river,.... 58 

I Partnith again, 11 

I Cock Creek 87 

jSolomon Falls, 42 

i Crossing Snake river, 27 

'Boiling Spring, 

I Down the same to Fort Barse, 40 

30 I Burnt River, 41 

j Up the same 26 

' Across to Powder to the Lame- 
pens, 18 






Grand Round, 

Utile river, over Blue Mount, 43 

Dr. Whiteman's, 29 

Walla- walla, 25 

Dallas, 120 

Fort Vancouver, 100 

Mouth of the Columbia river, 120 

Total, 3,440 



The lime occupied in travelling the above overland, is about five 
months. The voyage by sea round Cape Horn, from six to eight months. 



ALBANY TO KEENE. 

BY STAGE 



Stopping Places. 


Distance 


1 


Stopping Places. 


Distance 


CJ 




49 


2'25 




88 


3-75 




6? 


2 75 


Cambridgeport, 


88 


4 00 




66 


3-00 


Saxon River, 


93 


4-25 




70 


3-50 


Bellow? Falls, 


97 


4-50 




78 


3 7o 


Walpoie 




4-50 


Athens. 


82 


3-75 


Keene, .'. 




4-50 



Clarendon,. . . . 
Shrewsbury,.. . 
Mount Holley,. 
Cavendish,. .. . 



Second Route. 



4-00 


Chester, 


4 25 


Bellows Falls, 


4-50 


Walpoie, 


4-75 


Kepnp. . 



4-75 
5-00 
5-00 
5-00 



Routes of Travel. 



67 



ALBANY TO BOSTON. 

BY RAIL ROAD. 



Stopping Places. 


a. 



eS 




Stopping Places. 


a. 
B 

51 


3 

o 
H 


Schodack, 


8 


s 


North Wilbraham 


6 


111 




7 


16 




10 


117 




jj 


*>S 


Warren 


4 


197 


East Chatham, 


5 


28 




? 


131 


Canaan, 


3 


33 




1 


133 







36 




? 


136 


State Line, 


} 


3S 




5 


138 




n 


41 




4 


143 


Shaker Village, 


3 


46 




9 


147 


Pittsfield, 


^ 


49 




6 


156 


Dalton, 


3 


54 




6 


16?, 


HinsJale, 


^ 


57 




4 


168 


Washington 


3 


6' ? 




4 


m 


Becket, 


q 


65 




3 


176 


Chester Factory, 


7 


71 




4 


179 


Chester Village 


9 


81 




4 


183 


Russell,.... 


s 


84 




4 


187 


Westfield, 


i 


qo 




9 


191 


West Springfield, 


9 


100 




? 


193 


Springfield, 


fi 


102 




5 


195 


Wilhrnhnm 


3 


108 


'Boston 





200 



ALBANY TO SARATOGA. 

BY BAIL ROAD. 

Schenectady, 17; Ballston, 32; Saratoga, 39. Fare through $1'62. 
Leave Albany about 9AM. and 4 P. M Leave Saratoga about 6 and 
11 A. M. During the winter season there is but one train, daily, be- 
tween Albany and Saratoga. 



ALBANY TO BRATTLEBORO', VT. 

BY STAGE. 



Stopping Places. 


Distance 


I 


Stopping Places. 


Distance 


1 




OR 


1 25 




60 


3 00 




34 


1 50 


IBrattleboro, 


75 


3-50 



Routes of Travel. 



ALBANY TO BURLINGTON. 

BY STAGE. 



Stopping Places. 




2 


o 

rt 


Stopping Places. 


c 
rt 


g 






E* 






pf. 




Q 






Q 






ino 


5-00 






5'00 










110 


7'00 















ALBANY TO HAVERHILL. 

BY STAGE. 



Stopping Places. 


Distance 


o3 

1 


Stopping Places. 


Distance 


S 




Pittsfield 


10^ 


5-75 


Chelsea, 


136 


6-00 


Bethel, 


118 


5-50 




IfSfS 


6-75 


Royalton 


J90 


5 25 


Haverhillj 


IfiO 


7-00 


Sherburn, 


100 


Second 
14-75 


Route. 


im 


6-25 


Woodtock 


ins 


5'50 




h^s 


7-00 




12S 


5-75 









Leaves Albany Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, about 7 A. M., 
returning on alternate days. 



ALBANY TO RUTLAND. 

BY STAGE. 



Stopping Places. 


Distance 


<u 
L 

i 
h 


Stopping Places. 


Distance 


8 






19 


1-00 




63 


3-00 


^Janibrid^e. 


31 


T25 




71 


3-50 




-Ifi 


]'75 




79 


3-75 




54 


2' 25 


Rutland 


90 


4-25 



Routes of Travel. 



69 



ALBANY TO CANADA. 

Summer Routes. 

During the season of navigation, there are three routes to Canada. 

1st. By rail road and the Champhin canal. By this route travellers 
go by rail road, via. Troy to the Borough, 18 miles; thence by packet 
boat to Whitehall. The packet usually leaves the Borough about 3 o'- 
clock, P. M., and arrives at Whitehall the following morning, in time 
for travellers to take the steam boats running to the various ports on 
Lake Champlain. 

2d. By rail road and stage, via. Saratoga Sprinss. By this route tra- 
vellers can go from Saratoga, via. Sandy Hill to Whitehall, or through 
Glen's Falls to Caldwell, and hy steam boat 36 miles to the foot of Lake 
George, thence by stage three miles to Ticonderoga. 

3d. By stage, via. Troy on the east side of the Hudson river. 

We are indebted for some of the preceding tables to Miller's Eastern 
and Western Guide Book, published by the Merriams of Troy; a useful 
little work for the traveler, presenting tables of routes on all the great 
thoroughfares, and other necessary information, for twenty-five cents. 



ALBANY TO WHITEHALL. 

BY STAGE. 



Stopping Places. 


cC 

_o 




"5 

1 


Stopping Places. 


(_ 






1 


Troy, 


6 


6 


Fort Miller, 


8 


41 




5 


11 


" Edward 


7 


48 




7 


18 


Sandy Hill . 


9 


50 


Stillwater . 


] 1 


25 


Glen's Falls . 


^ 


53 


Schuylerville, 


4 


33 


Whitehall, 


18 


71 



B 

West Troy, 


Y Cl 

6 
2 
3 
8 
4 
2 
2 
5 
3 
2 


-IAMPL 

8 

111 

19 
23 
25 
27 
32 
40 
37 


A1N CANAL. 

Fort Miller, 


3 
3 
5 

2 

1 
5 
4 
4 
8 


40 
43 
48 
50 
51 
56 
60 
64 
72 




Moses's Kill 


Waterford 




Mechanicsville 


Glen'-? Falls Fr 


Stillwater Village 


Dunham's Basin ...... 


Bleekcr's Basin ..... 




Wilber's " 


Fori Ann 








Whitehall, 


Saratoga Bridge, 





70 



Routes of Travel. 



WHITEHALL TO MONTREAL. 

BY LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 



Stopping Places. 


5 


Benson, Vt., 


13 


Orwell " 


7 








9 


Brid CT eport " ........ 


q 


Chimney Pt." 


6 




2 




11 




7 




7 



3 
I 

H 


Stopping Places. 


s 




'o 
H 


13 


Burlington, Vt., 


14 


82 


90 


|Porl Kent, 


10 


92 


94 




15 


107 


?6 


Chazy, 


16 


123 


35 




q 


132 


41 

4S 


Iseaux Noix C.,. . . . .. 


12 
19 


144 
156 


51 


La Prairie R R 




171 


64 




q 


180 


6S 









ALBANY" TO MONTREAL. 

Winter Route. 





r 


QJ 




_i 

c 




Stopping Places. 


5 


E 

r* 


Stopping Places. 


a 


3 














ta 




5 






Q 






7q 


3'75 




no 


6 75 


Sudbury . . . 


qi 


4 50 ; 


Burlinlonj 


HO 


7-00 




106 


5-00 1 




30 


14'00 




117 


5-75I 









The time of arrival and departure on all the thoroughfares vary at 
different seasons of the year, and the fare on all is subject to fluctuation 
on the packet and stage lines. 



A TRIP TO NEW YORK IN '97. 

It is mentioned in the papers of 1797, as an instance of remarkable 
despatch, that Col. William Colbreath, sheriff of Herkimer, left this 
city on Sunday morning, May 7th, on boarJ a vessel for New York, and 
returned on Thursday afternoon, llth, having in a little more than four 
days, including a day and a half he was in New York, performed a jour- 
ney of three hundred and thirty miles. 



Public Offices, Buildings, 



71 



PUBLIC OFFICES, BUILDINGS, &c. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

Arsenal, cor. Broadway and Law 

rence. 

Capitol, head of State street. 
Geological Rooms, corner Slate and 

Lodge. 

Normal School, 119 State street, 
State Hall, op. Academy Park. 

CITY AND COUNTY. 

Albany Academy, fronts Academy 
Park. 

Alms House, Lydius street cont. 

City Hall, Eagle street, fronting 
Washington. 

Jail, corner Eagle and Howard. 

Medical College, formerly Lancas- 
ter School, Eagle street. 

Penitentiary, Delaware turnpike. 

Powder House, Washington Square. 

PARKS AND PLACES. 

Academy Park, op. Slate Hall. 

Bull's Head Course, Troy road. 

Canal Basin, fronts Water, Law- 
rence, Montgomery and De Witt. 

Capitol Park fronts on Eagle and 
State street. 

Cemeteries, Slate, above Knox. 

Centre Market, corner South Pearl 
and Howard. 

Clinton Park, North Pearl street 

Glass Works Square, corner Broad- 
way and Ferry. 

Hay Scales and'Yard, corner Plain 
and Philip 

Hudson Street Park, corner Hudson 
and Liberty, 

Little Basin, above first lock. 

Lydius Street Park, cor. Eagle and 
Lydius. 

Mineral Spring Garden, 58 Ferry. 

National Garden, 770 Broadway. 

Newton's Corners, Shaker road. 

Rural Cemetery, Troy road. 

Steam Boat Landing, Broadway, 
between Lydius and Hamilton, 

Townsend's Park, junction Wash- 
ington streel and turnpike. 

Washington Market, foot of Colum- 
bia street. 



PUBLICATIONS. 

Albany Argus, MerchYs Exchange. 
Albany Atlas, cor. Broadway and 

Beaver. 
Albany Daily Express, Green near 

Slate. 

Albany Daily Knickerbocker, Mu- 
seum Building. 
Albany Evening Journal, corner of 

James and State streels. 
Albany Freeholder, 34 Washington. 
A Ibany Patriot, Commerc'l Build'gs. 
Albany Spectator, 80 Slate street. 
Albany Switch, Beaver street. 
Busy Bee, Arbor Hill. 
Chrisiian Palladium, Commercial 

Buildings. 
Cultivator, 10 and 12 Green street. 
Horticullurist, 10 and 12 Green st. 
Howard's Special Term Reports, 57 

Hawk street, 
Mechanics' Advocate, Commercial 

Buildings. 
Odd Fellows' Literary Magazine, 11 

Cooper's Buildings. 

TAVERNS AND REFECTORIES. 

Albany and Troy House, 31 Dean. 
Albion Hotel, corner of Broadway 

and Herkimer. 

American Hotel, 100 State street. 
Beardsley's Hotel, 28 Washington. 
Boston Hotel, 15 and 17 Dean. 
Boston House, cor. Broadway and 

Ferry. 

Broadway House 505 Broadway. 
Bull's Head Tavern, Lydius st. 
Carlton House, cor. Stale and Pearl. 
Cily Holel, 23 Broadway. 
City Hall Coffee House, cor. Eagle 

and Maiden Lane. 
'Clinton Hotel, cor. Pearl andBeavcr. 
jConsres-s Hall, fronts Washington 

street and Capitol Park. 
Cornucopia, cor. State and Green. 
'Delavan House, fronts Broadway, 

Steuben and Montgomery. 
Eagle Street Hotel, corner Eagle 

and Daniel. 



72 



Eastern Hotel, cor. Broadway and 

John. 

Franklin House, 176 State street. 
Hudson Street Temperance House, 

Lafayette House, 19 Montgomery. 
Lumbermen's Exchange Hotel, 192 

Water. 

Mansion House, Broadway. 
Marhle Pillar, under Museum. 
McCardle's, Beaver street. 
Northern Hotel, corner of Broad. 

way and Orange. 
Otseao House, 74 Washington. 
St. Charles, Hudson street. 
Saratoga House, 719 Broadway. 
Stauwix Hall, corner of Broadway 

and Maiden Lane. 
Washington Hall, South Pearl. 

CHURCHES. 

Baptist Church, First, Green street. 

between Hamilton and Division. 
Baptist Church, Second, cor. North 

Pearl and Maiden Lane. 
Baptist Church, Third, State street, 

opposite the Capitol. 
Baptist Church, Fourth, South Pear) 

head of Herkimer. 
Baptist Church, African, Hamilton. 



Public Offices, Buildings, fyc. 



Episcopal Church, Grace, Spring, 

above Lark. 

Friends' Meeting House, Plain st. 
Lutheran Church, corner. Pine and 

Lodge. 
Lutheran Church, German, State 

near Swan. 
Methodist Episcopal Church, first, 

Hudson, above Grand. 
Methodist Episcopal Church, second 

North Pearl, above Columbia. 
Methodii-t Episcopal Church, third, 

corner Ferry and Franklin. 
Methodist Episcopal Church, fourth, 

corner Washington and Swan. 
Methodist Episcopal Church, fifth, 

Swan, between Lumber & Third. 
Methodist African Church, State, 

rear of District School IS'o. 2. 
Methodist Epis. Israel Church, Jef- 
ferson, above Eagle. 
Presbyterian Church, first, corner 

S. Pearl and Beaver. 
Presbyterian Church, sec'd Chapel, 

above Maiden Lane. 
Presbyterian Church, third, North 

Pearl, opposite Clinton Square. 
Presbyterian Church, fourth, Broad- 
way, above Spencer. 
Presbyterian Church, Associate, 



above Pearl. corner Chapel and Canal. 

Bethel, Montgomery street. jSynasogue, Fulton street. 

Cath.j.ic v ailiedial, cor. of Lydius Synagogue, Rose street. 

an ' Kn^'e. (Unitarian Church, Division street. 

Catholic, St. Mary's, corner Chapel. Universalist Church, Green, below 

and Pine. I Hamilton. 

Catholic, St. John's, Ferry street. | 
Catholic, St. Joseph's, corner North MISCELLANEOUS. 



Pearl and Lumber. 
Catholic, German, corner Hamilton 

and Philip. 
Dutch Reformed Church, first, cor. 

Van Schaick and North Pearl. 
Dutch Reformed Church, second, 

Beaver, above Green. 
Dutch Reformed Church, third, cor. 

Ferry and Green. 
Episcopal Church, St. Peter's, cor. 

State and Lodge. 
Episcopal Church, St. Paul's, South 

Pearl, below Beaver. 
Episcopal Church, Trinity, Broad, 

below Lydius. 



Albany Museum, corner State and 

Broadway. 
Apothecaries' Hall, cor. State and 

North Pearl. 
Atlas Buildings, cor. Beaver and 

Broadway. 

B eecker Hall, 531 Broadway. 
Blunt's Buildings, cor. South Pearl 

and State. 

Commercial Buildings, cor. Broad- 
way and Hudson. 
Cooper's Buildings, cor. State and 

Green. 
Douw's Buildings, corner State and 

Broadway. 



Public Offices, Buildings, 



73 



Orphan Asylum, head of Wash. st. 
do. do. St. Vincent's, North 
Pearl near Lumber. 



G allery of Fine Arts, No. 528 Broad- 

way. 
Gas Co.'s Office, Bleecker Hall. 



Water Works Reservoir, cor. Eagle Gas Company's Works, cor. Grand 
and Steuben. and Arch. 

General Stage Office, under Museum. 

OFFICES, ETC. Justices' Court, over Centre Market. 

Adjutant General's Office, State Hall Magnetic Telegraph Office, Ex- 
Albany Apprentices' Library, 41; change Building. 

Hudson. ! Mayor's Office, City Hall. 

Albany and Boston R. _R. office, Mayor's Court, City Hall. 



cor. Maiden Lane and Dean. 

Albany Burgesses Corps, armory in 
Exchange" Building, 

Albany City Bank, 47 State. 

Albany Emmet Guards, armory 
No. 32 Green street. 

Albany Institute, Academy Building 

Albany Insurance Co., 56 State. 

Albany Republican Artillery, armo 
ry in Atlas Buildings. 

Albany Savings Bank, 38 State. 

Albany and Schenectady R. R. of 
fice, Dean street. 

Attorney General's Office, State 
Hall. 

Bank of Albany, 42 State. 

Bank Department, State Hall. 

Baths, Norton street. 

Board of Trade, meet in Exchange 
daily. 

Canal Collector's Office, 193 Water. 

Canal Department, Stale Hall. 

Chamberlain, City Hall. 

City Marshal, City Hall. 

City Surveyor, City Hall. 

Commercial Bank, 38 State. 

Common Council, City Hall. 

Comptroller's Office, State Hall. 

Clerk Court of Appeals, State Hall. 

County Clerk's Office, City Hall 

County Treasurer's Office, cor. Steu- 
ben and Broadway. 

Court of Appeals, Capitol. 

Crier of Courts, 327 State. 

Custom House, 407 Broadway. 

Deputy Sheriff (Ferguson), cor. Pa- 
troon and Hawk. 

Exchange Bank, Merchants' Ex- 
change. 

Firemen's Insurance Co. cor. Green 
and State. 



Mechanics' Benefit Society, corner 

Broadway and Stale. 
Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, cor. 

Broadway and Exchange st. 
Mutual Insurance Company, 450 

Broadway. 

National Fire Insurance Co, 61 State 
New York State Bank, 69 State. 
Pension Office, Mechanics' and Far- 
mers' Bank. 

Police Office, over Centre Market. 
Post Office, Exchange Building. 
Secretary of Slate, State Hall. 
Sexton 1st Baptist Ch. 65 Green. 

do. 1st Dutch, rear chuich. 

do. Lutheran, rear church. 

do, 1st Methodist, 146 Lydius. 

do. 2d Methodist, rear church. 

do. 3d Methodist, basement. 

do. Middle Dutch, 38 Beaver. 

do. 1st. Presbyterian, 48 Beaver. 

do. 4th Pres.. 118 North Pearl. 

do. St. Mary's, 58 Chapel. 

do. St. Joseph's, 188 N. Pearl. 
Sheriff's Office, Jail. 
Stale Agricultural Rooms, cor. State 

and Lodge. 

Stale Library, Capitol. 
Supreme Court Clerk's Office, State 

Hall. 
Superintendent Northern District, 

City Hall. 
Superintendent Southern Dislrict, 

City Hall. 

Surveyor General, Stale Hall. 
Surrogate's Office, Cily Hall. 
Under Sheriff, 73 State. 
Water Works Co.'s Sec. and Treas., 

442 Broadway. 
VoungMen's Association, Exchange 

Building. 



74 



District and other Schools. 



ENGINE HOUSES. 

No. 1, 11 Chapel. 
2,43 do. 

3, Alms House. 

4, 75 Grand. 

5, 236 Washington. 

6, cor. Hawk and Fayette. 

7, 41 Hudson. 

8, (burnt,) 

9, (torn down,) 

10, 10 Wilson. 

11, 106 Arch. 

12, Second St., Arbor Hill. 



SCHOOLS. 

Albany Classical Institute, Eagle, 
below State. 

Albany Female Academy, North 
Pearl, above Maiden Lane. 

Albany Female Seminary, 67 Divi- 
sion. 

Albany Medical College, cor. Lan- 

| caster and Eagle, 

sClassical Institute, 7 North Pearl. 

'Friends' School, 10 Plain. 

|C. D, Marsh, basement Universalist 



, church. 
Hook and Ladder, No. 1, 34 Plain. Miss Allison, basement Universalist 

do. do. No.2,Patroonst. church. 

Tivoli Hose, 32 Plain. Misses Beekman, 56 Westerlo. 

Axe Company, Steuben street. Mrs. Brinckerhoff, 112 State. 

Misses Cantine. 18 Van Tromp. 

DISTRICT SCHOOLS. iMiss Cassidy, 63 Chapel. 

No. 1, South Pearl, south of Schuy- Mr. Center, basement 3d Pres. ch. 

ler. iMiss Collier, Hudson street. 

2, State street, between Hawk Miss Crane, 125 Hamilton. 



and Swan. 

3, Van Tromp street. 

4, Union, near Lydius. 

5, N. Pearl, south of Lumber. 

6, Junction, west of Perry st. 

7, Canal street. 

8, Lydius, west of Grand. 

9, Cor. Ferry and Dallius. 

10, Washington street, east of 
Lark. 



Miss Kidd, 73 Division. 

Miss Pierce, Franklin House. 

Miss Skerritt, 4 High. 

Miss Wood bridge, 46 South Pearl. 

St. John's, cor. ^Dallius and Rensse- 

laer. 
Wilbcrforce School, in rear of Dis- 

trict School House No. 2, in Ches- 

nut street. 



GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 

Frederick Beasly, John B. Romeyn, and John M. Bradford, clergy- 
men in Albany, made proposals to the city in 1806, for the establishment 
of a grammar school, l< of such a nature that it might be easily con- 
verted into an academy." The first step required by the proposers was 
a fund of $10,000. 



LANCASTER SCPIOOL. 

In August, 1810, the corporation had under consideration the project 
of establishing a free school, on the plan of Joseph Lancaster. As yet 
it is believed there were no public schools in the city. The society of 
mechanics had a number of years previously erected a building in Chapel 
street, called Mechanics' Hall, and maintained a school out of their own 
funds, but it is presumed that its benefits were chiefly confined to the 
children of mechanics. The building is now occupied as a piano forte 
manufactory. 



Albany Academy. 



75 




ALBANY ACADEMY. 

As early as 1804, a meeting of citizens was held at the City Tavern, 
on the 18th March, to take into consideration the expediency of institu- 
ting an academy. The Lieutenant-Govenor, Mayor, Chancellor, Rev. 
Eliphalet Nott, Rev. John DeWitt, and Messrs. Henry and Beers, were 
appointed a committee to report a plan of an institution. The com- 
mittee's plan was submitted at a subsequent meeting, on the 5th May, 
and approved. It was proposed to make the academy a reorganization 
of the city schools, by fusing them all in one. But the project was al- 
lowed to slumber until, in January, 1813, the common council made an 
appropriation for the establishment of a city academy, and a meeting of 
citizens to confer upon the subject was called at the Capitol, on the 28th 
of that month. At that meeting Archibald Mclntyre was appointed 
chairman, and a committee of fourteen was chosen to devise a plan of 
the future institution. The project of a male academy now began to be 
agitated in good earnest. The board of common council offered the lot 
in the public square which the Academy now occupies, and also appro- 
priated the amount that should be received from the sale of the lot and 
materials of the old jail which stood in the rear of the large building 
now occupied by the State Normal School, and which it was antici- 
pated would produce $12,000. In addition to this it was thought neces- 
sary to raise $30,000 by private subscription, to complete the requisite 
sum for erecting a suitable building and establishing a permanent in- 
come. 

The institution was incorporated by the Regents of the University, on 
the 4th of March in the same year, at the instance of the corporation of 
the city, and appropriate grants were made for its endowment. The 
trustees named in the charter were Stephen Van Rensselaer, John Lan- 
sing, Archibald Mclntyre, Smith Thompson, Abraham VanVechten, John 



76 Albany Academy. 

V. Henry, Henry Walton, Rev. Messrs. William Neill, John M. Brad- 
ford, John McDonald, Timothy Clowes, John McJimpsey, Frederick G. 
Mayer, Samuel Mervin, and the Mayor and Recorder ex officio. 

The building was commenced in 1815. On Saturday, the 29th July, 
at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the corner stone was laid by Philip S. Van 
Rensselaer. The copper plate deposited on this occasion had the follow- 
ing inscription : " Erected for an academy, anno 1815, by the corporation 
of the city of Albany ; Philip S. Van Rensselaer, mayor ; John Van 
Ness Yates, recorder ; building committee Philip S. Van Rensselaer, 
John Brinckerhoff, Chauncey Humphrey, James Warren, and Killian K. 
Van Rensselaer. Seth Geer architect, H. W. Snyder, sculpt.' 7 

The Academy was announced to open on the second Monday (1 Hh) of 
September, under Rev. Benjamin Allen, of Union College, and Messrs. 
Neill, Beck and Sedgwick were the committee to receive applications for 
admission. The courses of instruction were temporarily commenced in 
the large wooden building on the southeast corner of Stale and Lodge 
streets, belonging to Killian K. Van Rensselaer, which was burnt in 1847. 
The faculty under which the Academy opened, consisted of Rev. Ben- 
jamin Allen, principal; Rev. Joseph Shaw, professor of languages; and 
Moses Chapin, (now Judge Chapin, of Canandaigua) tutor. 

The Academy was completed in 1817, and the school opened in it on 
the 1st September. The courses of instruction have been regularly 
pursued to the present time, 1848. In August, 1817, the trustees ap- 
pointed Dr. Theodric Romeyn Beck principal of the institution, which 
office he resigned at the close of the summer term, in 1848, having oc- 
cupied with distinguished ability and universal satisfaction, a station 
which was far from being a sinecure, during the long period of thirty- 
one years. His resignation was followed by that of the whole faculty, 
when the trustees, deeming it expedient to reorganize the institution, 
chose a new set of professors, consisting of the following, with which 
the fall term commenced: 

Rev. WM. H. CAMPBELL, D. u., recently pastor of the Third Ref. Prot. 
Dutch Church in Albany, Principal and Professor of the Latin and 
Greek languages. 

Dr. T. R. BECK, Lecturer of Physiology and Physical Geography. 

GEORGE H. COOK, A. M., of the Rensselaer Institute, Prof, of Mathe- 
matics and Natural History. 

Rev. JOHN SESSIONS, A. M., of theSandlake Academy, Prof, of English 
Language and Logic. 

JULIAN MOLINARD, Prof, of the French Language. 

JAMES N. CROCKER and WILLIAM J. WRIGHTSON, who had been pre- 
viously connected with the institution, tutors. 

The above compose the present faculty of the Academy, and the 
number of students is 230. 

In 1831, William Caldwell, of the city of Albany, presented $100 to 
the trustees of the Academy, to be invested in stock, the income of 
which should be devoted to the purchase of a gold medal, to be given at 
each annual examination, to the student who shall have made the great- 
est proficiency in mathematics, and natural philosophy; the student to 
be of at least three years standing in the Academy, and the medal to be 
given but once to the same individual. In 1837, Gen. Stephen Van 
Rensselaer presented $100, in trust, to be appropriated in the same man- 



Albany Academy. 



77 



ner, as a reward for the greatest proficiency in the Latin and Greek Ian- 
guages, subject to the same reservations, except that the student must 
be of at least four years standing in the Academy. The late Henry W. 
Delavan also made a bequest to the Academy, which came into the hands 
of the trustees in 1839, of $2000, directed to be deposited in the Savings 
Bank, the income of which is applied to the teaching of such a number 
of poor boys, in the useful branches of English education, as the income 
of the fund will allow; no boy enjoying the benefit of the fund more 
than two years. The names of the students who have obtained the 
Caldwell medal, are as follows: 1831, William Austin; 1832, no public 
examination in consequence of the prevalence of the cholera; 1833, 
Henry Waldron; 1834, Aurelian Conkling; 1835, John Newland ; 1836, 
Henry K. Viele; 1837, George B. Hoyt; 1838, Charles N. Waldron; 
1839, Joseph B. Brown; 1840, William J. Gibson; 1841, John J. Olcott; 
1842, Philip Phelps; 1843, William Wrightson ; 1344, Andrew McEIroy ; 
1845, John K. Croswell ; 1846, Francis B.Hall; 1847, Frank Jones; 
1848, Jacob 0. Koonz. The names of those who have received the Van 
Rensselaer Medal, are as follows: 1837, Isaac L. K. Miller ; 1838, Henry 
F. Greene; 1839, Charles K. McHars; 1840, Gilbert L. Wilson; 1841, 
Philip Phelps; 1842, John C. Bullons; 1843, Oliver Bronson; 1844, 
Samuel G. Courtney ; 1845, William T. Wrightson ; 1846, John K. Cros- 
well ; 1847, Jacob L. Pearse; 1848, Henry L. Bullions. 

The following table comprises a complete list of the trustees since the 
institution went into operation. The present trustees may be known by 
the dates that are wanting in the exit column. 



StephenVan Rensselaer 1813 to 1819 



John Lansing 
Archibald Mclntyre 
Smith Thompson 
Abm. Van Vechten 
John V. Henry 
Henry Walton 
William Neill 
John M. Bradford 
John McDonald 
Timothy Clowes 
John McJimpsey 
Frederic G. Mayer 
Samuel Merwin 
Thedore Sedgwick 
John Duer 
Harmanus Bleecker 
Charles D. Cooper 
John Lansing 
William James 
T. Romeyn Beck 
John Chester 
John W. Yates 
Arthur J. Stansbury 
William A. Duer 
Gideon Hawley 
John Van Schaick 



1813 to 1816 
1813 to 1826 
1813 to 1821 
1813 to 1818 
1813 to 1815 
1813 to 1818 
1813 to 1814 



James Kent 
William B. Lacey 
Ebenezer Baldwin 



1813 to 1813 
1813 to 1817 
1813 to 1813 
1813 to 1813 
1813 to 1823 
1813 to 1815 James Stevenson 



1819 to 1823 

1819 to 1825 

1820 to 1830 



Ph. S. Van Rensselaer 1821 to 1824 



Philip S. Parker 
Henry R. Weed 



John Ludlow 
Charles R. Webster 
Isaac Ferris 
Peter Gansevoort 
Alfred Conkling 
Isaac Fondey 
James Stevenson 



1813 to 1823 John T. Norton 



1813 to 1813 
1813 to 1822 
1813 to 1817 
1815 to 1817 

1815 to 1832 
1815 

1816 to 1829 

18 17 to 1828 
1817 to 1821 

1817 to 1820 

1818 to 1842 
1818 to 1818 



Nicholas F. Beck 
William B. Sprague 
Oliver Kane 
Richard V. DeWitt 
Archibald Campbell 



1821 to 1831 

1822 to 1831 

1823 to 1826 
1823 to 1834 
1823 to 1834 

1825 to 1836 
1825 

1826 to 1836 
1826 to 1829 
1828 

1829 to 1834 

1829 to 1830 
1830 

1830 to 1834 
1831 

1831 to 1847 



Ph. S. Van Rensselaer 1833 to 1841 



James Goold 
William C. Miller 
John N. Campbell 
Richard Yates 
Thomas E. Verrailye 
Thomas W. Olcott 



1834 
1834 
1835 

1835 to 1837 

1836 to 1839 
1836 



78 



Albany Academy. 



1837 to 1847 



William H. Campbell 1842 



James P. Boyd 
Orlando Meads 



1847 
1847 



1819 to 1826 
1826 to 1832 
1834 to 1842 
1842 to 1848 
1848 



Isaac N. Wyckoff 
Horatio Potter 1840 

Teunis Van Vechten 1841 

The mayors and recorders of the city have also been, ex officio, trus- 
tees, from 1813 to the present time. 

The presiding officers of the board have been as follows: 

Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer, LL. D., senior trustee, 1813 to 1819 

Rev. John M. Bradford, D. D., do 

William James, Esq., do 

Gideon Hawley, LL. D., 

Hon. James Stevenson, 

Theodric Romeyn Beck, M. D., LL. D., senior trustee, 

Those who have acted as clerks of the board are as follows: 
Henry Waldron, Esq., 1813 to 1813 

Rev. Timothy Clowes, LL. D., 1813 to 1816 

T. R. Beck, M. D., 1816 to 1848 

Rev. Wm. H. Campbell, D. D., 1848 

The office of principal has fallen but to three persons, as follows : 
Rev. Benjamin Allen, LL. D., 1815 to 1817 

T. Romeyn Beck, M. D., LL. D., 1817 to 1848 

Rev. Wm. H. Campbell, D. D., 1848 

The succession of the faculty is as follows : 
Professors of Greek and Latin |H. L. V. D. Holstein 

Languages. 



Rev. Joseph Shaw 
Rev. Peter Bullions 



18 15 to 1824 
1824 to 1848 



Rev. Wm. H.Campbell 1848 
Prof. Mathematics and Natural 



Philosophy . 



1819 to 1826 



J. Molinard 



1835 to 1839 
1839 



Lecturer on Chemistry. 
Lewis C. Beck 1831 to 1834 



Tutors. 



1826 to 1832 
1832 to 1848 



Michael O'Shaunessy 
John Thompson 



Michal O'Shaunessy 
Joseph Henry 
Philip Ten Eyck 
George H. Cook 1848 

Lecturer Physiology and Physical 

Geography. 
T. Romeyn Beck 1848 

Prof. English Literature. 
Charles'Clapp 1835 to 1837J 

Hugh Blair Jolly 1837 to 1841 j Rey ^^ _ 

Prof. English Language^and Logic | Henry Carpenter 



Moses Chapin 1815 to 1816 

Rev. Isaac Ferris 1816 to 1817 

John B. Crocker 1817 to 1817 

1817 to 1819 
1819 to 1820 

Dr. William O'Donnel 1820 to 1829 
William Soul 1829 to 1830 

Daniel D. T. Leech 1829 to 1831 
Georsje W. Carpenter 1831 to 1835 
Rev. Sam'l McArlhur 1831 to 1833 
W.Griffiiths 



Alex. B. McDoual 
Philander D. Young 
John S. Holmes 
Rev. Samuel Center 
Rev. John Sessions 



1841 to 1342 Alex. B. McDoual 

1842 to 1843; Edward p. Edwards 

1843 to 1844j Davi( j p. Robertson 

1844 to 1848 Samuel S. Smith 



1848 



Prof. Modern Languages. 



J. Molinard 

M. Leon Cheronoet 

H. Picard 



1830 to 1830 



Austin H. Wells 
Andrew Shiland 
Rufus K. Crocker 



1830 to 1831) James N. Crocker 



1831 to 1834 

1833 to 1834 

1834 to 1835 

1834 to 1835 

1835 to 1841 
1S35 to 1840 

1836 to 1838 
1838 to 1847 

1840 to 1840 

1841 to 1844 
1844 to 1847 
1847 



1831 to 1835' William T. Wrightson 1847 



Schools. 79 

The Academy building which was commenced in 1815, and completed 
In 1817, is constructed of free stone, from near Newark, New Jersey, an 
excellent and durable building material ; and notwithstanding the length 
of time it has stood, is still one of the most attractive edifices of the 
city. It is situated on the north-west corner of the public square, on a 
line with the Capitol. The main building is 70 by 80 feet, and the wings 
30 by 45 feet, three stories high, including the basement. It commands 
a view down Steuben street, having an extensive park in front, sur- 
rounded by a substantial iron fence, and planted with ornamental trees. 
The cost of its erection was about $100,000. 



SCHOOL OF 1785. 

A school was opened in May by Elihu Goodrich and John Ely. The 
classical term academy had not yet come into use. The Latin and 
Greek languages were taught, and the most useful branches of mathe- 
matics, as well as the element aries. It went on the high pressure prin- 
ciple through by daylight. Hours of study from 6 to 8, 9 to 12, 2 to 5, 
and 6 to 8. The magisters seem to have been willing to bestow at least 
time and diligence. Their terms were for Greek and Latin, and mathe- 
matics, 20s. ; writing and cyphering, 16s.; reading and spelling, 12s. 
To all which singing " by the latest and most approved method" was 
added for 12s. 



SCHOOL APPROPRIATION. 

An act passed the legislature, 7th of April, 1795, appropriating 20,- 
000 annually for the term of five years, for the purpose of encouraging 
and maintaining schools in the state. The proportion allotted to Albany 
county was 1,590, or $3975; the law to go into operation on the 7th. 
April. It was a stride towards the free school system. 



SABBATH EVENING SCHOOL. 

On March 24, 1816, a sabbath evening school was established at Mr. 
Young's school room, in Washington street, and appears to have been 
countenanced by the Moral Society. It was attended by 150 children 
and 50 adults. 



SUNDAY SCHOOL. 

It was announced that a Sunday Free School would be opened on Sun- 
day, March 21, 1813, at the school room of George Uphold, in Van 
Tromp street, where several useful branches of English education would 
be taught from the hours of 6 to 8 in the morning, and 12 to 2 in the 
afternoon, free of all expense. 



80 



Albany Female Academy. 




ALBANY FEMALE ACADEMY. 

This institution was founded in the year 1814, under the designation 
of the Union School; a name apparently suggested by the circumstances 
attending its origin. A number of the most influential citizens, desirous 
to obtain for their daughters the benefit of a superior education, united 
for the purpose of securing the services of a competent instruotor, rented 
a suitable building in Montgomery street, and appointed as principal Mr. 
Horace Goodrich. The original subscription list, which, amid the loss 
of other documents connected with the early history of the Academy, has 
been preserved, is as follows: 

" We, the undersigned, agree lo send to Union School in Montgomery 
street, under the tuition of Mr. Horace Goodrich, the number of female 
scholars affixed to our names, for the space of one year, from the first 
day of May next; and we also agree to pay to Ebeneeer Foot twenty- 
four dollars for each scholar in four equal quarterly payments, the first 
payment to be on the first day of August next. Feb. 24, 1814. 



John Ely, 1 

Moses Allen, 2 

James Scrymser, 1 

Matthew Gill, 2 

Uriah Marvin, 2 

Thomas Gould, 

Solomon Allen, 

William Fowler, 

Nicholas Bleecker, 

Abram Van Vechten, 

Benjamin Knower, 



T. & J. Russell, 4 

Edward Brown, 1 

G.Stewart, 1 

Harmanus Ten Eyck, 1 

James Kent, 1 

John V. Henry, 3 

John Reid, 1 

Isaac Hutton, 1 

Asa H. Center, 1 

[Three names torn away.] 



Albany Female Academy. 81 

It appears from this paper that Mr. Ebenezer Foot was preemi- 
nently active in commencing the Academy, and, so far as an individual 
can claim an honor in which, however, several probably to some extent, 
participated, he may be regarded as its founder. In a memoir of Mr. 
Foot, prepared and published_at the request of friends, by his brother 
Samuel A. Foot, of Geneva, we find the following statement, which 
evidently conveys no more than the truth on this matter. " One act of 
Mr. Foot's life should not be omitted or forgotten wherever his name 
is mentioned. The present Female Academy in Albany owes its ex- 
istence mainly, if not entirely, to him. It is now, and has been for 
some years, one of the most valuable and useful institutions in the coun- 
try. It was commenced in February, 1814, under the name of the 
Union School in Montgomery street. The original subscription paper is 
now before the writer. It bears date on the 24th day of that month. 
The subscriptions are payable to Mr. Foot, and it is within the know- 
ledge and recollection of the writer that he started the project and ob- 
tained most of the subscriptions. The principal motive of Mr. Foot, no 
doubt, was to establish a good female school in his neighborhood, to 
which he might send his daughter. If this was his sole motive, it was 
a good one. But whatever the motive, whether to qualify his own 
daughter, or those of his neighbors and friends, for the duties of 
American ladies, or, more expansive still, to elevate and adorn the 
female character, and store the female mind with useful knowledge, his 
name should be kindly remembered by every pupil who has enjoyed or 
may enjoy the benefits of the institution, and by every friend of female 
education." 

During the first six years and upwards of the existence of Union 
School, no records were kept of its proceedings, or if kept, they have 
not been preserved ; but no doubt it continued to increase, throughout 
this period, in numbers and reputation; for, in 1821, an act of incorpo- 
ration was obtained from the legislature. The board of directors named 
in the charter, consisted of 



James Kent, president, 
Gideon Hawley, 
Asa H. Center, 
John V. Henry, 



Peter Boyd, 
Rev. John Chester, 
Joseph Russell, 
William Fowler. 



Teunis Van Vechten, 

Five of these, it will be seen, were among the original subscribers, 
and thus had the satisfaction of seeing the enterprise which they began, 
consolidated and rising into fame. 

In the same year, 1821, a more spacious building was reared, still in 
Montgomery street, the first stone of which was laid on the 26th June; 
and so rapidly did the school increase, that in 1827 an additional build- 
ing was required, and erected accordingly. These edifices continued 
to be occupied by the Academy till 1834, when its celebrity and numbers 
became so great as to justify and demand the erection of the splendid 
and commodious edifice where the classes now meet. On the 12th of 
May, in that year, the new building was opened, when an address 
was delivered by the president, Rev. John Ludlow. The following 
persons then constituted the board of trustees and the faculty: 



Albany Female Academy. 



TRUSTEES. 



Rev. John Ludlow, 
Gideon Hawley, 
James Clark, 
Israel Smith, 
Richard M. Meigs, 
Edwin Croswell, 
Jacob Sutherland, 



John T. Norton, 
James Vanderpoel, 
Ph. S. Van Rensselaer, 
Richard V. De Witt, 
Thos. W. Olcott, 
Ira Harris, 



FACULTY. 



Alonzo Crittenton, principal. 
Henry Hart, professor. 
Henri Picard, prof, of French. 
Ann Charlotte Lynch, teacher. 
Harriet B. Hopkins, " 
Charlotte E. Andrews, " 



Ann Hickcox, 
Harriet E. Fassett, 
Catharine Pierce, 
Harriet N. Kirk, 
Emina Whitney, 



teacher. 



At the present time the trustees and faculty are as follows : 

TRUSTEED. 

Greene C. Bronson, President. 

Edwin Croswell, 

Thomas W. Olcolt, 

Ira Harris, 

Rev. I. N. Wyckoff, 

Harmon Pumpelly, 



John Q. Wilson, 
Rev. W. B. Sprague, 
Rev. Duncan Kennedy, 
Jas. McNaughton, 
Marcus T. Reynolds, 
Amasa J. Parker. 



FACULTY. 



L. Sprague Parsons, Principal. 
Chas. Murray Nairne, Professor. 
Julien Molinard, Prof. French. 
Harriet E. McDoual, teacher. 
Mary Pynchon, " 



Lucy Jane Fassett, teacher. 

Jeannie Miller, 

Emeline Harvey, 

S. A. Bayeux, 

R. Packard, Prof. voc. Music, 



besides various professors of the ornamental branches of female educa- 
tion, who do not form part of the regular faculty. 

Since the incorporation of the Academy there have been six presi- 
dents, as follows : 

James Kent, Chancellor of New York, deceased. 

Rev. John Chester, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, de- 
ceased. 

Rev. John Ludlow, now provost of the'University of Pennsylvania. 

Rev. Isaac Ferris, now President Rutger's Institute, New York. 

Rev. John N. Campbell, pastor First Presbyterian Church. 

Hon. Greeae C. Bronson, Judge Supreme Court. 

The principals of the Academy since the foundation have been five, 
namely : 



Alonzo Crittenton, 
L. Sprague Parsons. 



Horace Goodrich, 
Lebbeus Booth, 
Frederick Matthews, 
Of these, Messrs. Goodrich and Matthews are dead. Mr. Booth, 
on-in-law of the founder, is resident at Ballston; Mr. Crittenton is 




Albany Female Academy. (f) ^ f it 



principal of the Female Academy at Brooklyn ; and Mr. Parsons is 
now in office. 

It will be seen that some of the most distinguished men in the state and 
country have been, or are, connected with the Albany Female Academy; 
and if, as is contemplated, a fuller history of the institution than the 
present sketch, be given to the public, it will also be seen how many 
American ladies, occupying useful, honorable and high places in society, 
have received their education at this celebrated school. 

This notice would be incomplete if it said nothing of the system and 
course of instruction pursued in the Academy. 

The school consists of six departments, and one of French, which may 
all be gone through in the space of eight years. Less lime, except in 
extraordinary cases, would be insufficient to do justice to the scheme. 
The studies of the first or highest department require two years, and one 
year additional for ancient and modern languages is strongly recom- 
mended, and frequently taken. The course is in all respects complete j 
the system thoroughgoing, judicious and substantial. The writer had 
no acquaintance with the Academy till within these last two years; but 
now for upwards of twelve months, he has had the best opportunity 
daily of observing it, and comparing it with similar institutions, both in 
this country and in Europe, and it is but due to truth and justice to 
declare, that the Albany Female Academy is superior to most, and 
second to none of these, both in the cultivation of mind, and in the 
maintenance of that cheerfulness of heart, buoyancy of spirit, and 
unforced love of knowledge, whtch many have deemed, in the case of 
females, incompatible with such faithful and severe intellectual disci- 
pline as is herej practiced. No young lady, unless in the rare instances 
of incorrigible incapacity, can pass clearly and continuously through the 
present course of the school, without an accurate knowledge of the ordi- 
nary parts of an English education, and a highly respectable acquaintance 
with literature and science. In regard to those who have talent and 
diligence enough to graduate, much stronger terms may be employed. 
It is understood that until lately, the method of which too many colle- 
ges set an example, and which perhaps could not, without difficulty, be 
departed from in a female Academy was pursued of granting diplo- 
mas to all who had passed over the curriculum, without any very rigid 
examination as to the extent of their profiting by it. This, the usual 
plan, has, however, been abandoned in the Albany Female Academy, 
and a special examination of the strictest and most impartial kind has 
been instituted, so that now it is certain that no person can receive a 
diploma unless she fairly and fully proves herself to be all that the 
diploma affirms she is. Graduation implies not simply attendance dur- 
ing the usual time at school, but also an extensive and accurate know- 
ledge of literature, philosophy, mathematics and natural science, and a 
diploma from this institution of learning is one of the highest intellectual 
honors that a lady can obtain. Nor do strictness of discipline, and care 
in the distribution of honors appear to affect the Academy injuriously, 
but the reverse, for it never was more flourishing than at the present 
day. The number of scholars with which the school commenced in 1814, 
was about 33; at present, and notwithstanding the institution of many 
seminaries, upon the same model, it exceeds 300, drawn from all parts 
of the United States. 



84 



State Normal School. 




STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

This institution was established in 1844, by an act of the legislature, 
for the instruction and practice of teachers of common schools in the 
science of education and the art of teaching. An annual appropriation 
of $10,000 was made for its support, to be paid out of the literature fund. 
Each county in the state is entitled to send to the school a number of 
pupils, of either sex, equal to twice the number of members it sends to 
the assembly, where they have the privilege of remaining until they 
graduate, defraying all their own expenses, except those of tuition and 
mileage. Females are not admitted under 16 years of age, nor males 
under 13. On entering the institution they are required to sign a pledge 
to devote themselves to the business of teaching district schools. The 
summer term commences on the first Monday in May, and the winter 
term on the first Monday in November. The number of graduates dur- 
ing the four years since its organization, is as follows: 1845, 34; 1S46, 
110; 1847, 110; 184?, 96; total, 350. The number of students during 
the last term was 146 females, and 147 males; total, 293. Attached to 
the institution is an experimental school, the object of which is to afford 
each normal pupil an opportunity of practicing the methods of instruc- 
tion and discipline inculcated at the school, as well as to ascertain his 
aptness to teach, and to discharge the various other duties pertaining to 
the teacher's responsible office. The experimental school has 70 pupils, 
between the ages of six and sixteen, 35 of whom are free pupils. The 
edifice now occupied by the school, No. 119 State street, was built by 
the Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road Company, and used by that corpora- 



Houses in Albany in 1786. 85 

tion several years as a depot for the passenger trains, until the termina- 
tion of the road was changed to Maiden lane. The common council 
contributes the rent of the building towards the encouragement of the 
enterprise. In return for which, the free seats in the experimental school 
are given exclusively to fatherless children residing in the city of Albany. 
At the last session of the legislature, an appropriation of $15,000 was 
made for the erection of a new edifice for the purposes of a school, and 
the city appropriated the lot occupied by Engine House No. 9, corner of 
Howard and Lodge streets. A spacious and convenient building is in 
progress of erection, which will be ready for occupation in the summer 
of 1849. The executive committee having charge of the institution con- 
sists of Christopher Morgan, superintendent of common schools, chair- 
man; Gideon Hawley, Samuel Young, Harmanus Bleecker, and William 
H. Campbell, the latter acting as secretary. The faculty consists of: 
Geo. R. Perkins, A. M., Principal and Professor of Mathematics, 
Win. F. Phelps, Permanent Teacher of Experimental School, 
Darwin G. Eaton, Teacher of Mathematics, etc., 
Sumner C. Webb, Teacher of Arithmetic, etc., 
Silas T. Bowen, Teacher of Grammar, Mathematics, etc., 
Wm. W. Clark, Teacher of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, 
Truman H. Bowen, Teacher of Vocal Music, etc., 
Elizabeth C. Hance, Teacher of Reading and Geography, 
Ann Maria Ostrom, Teacher of Drawing, etc. 

The first principal of the institution, was David P. Page, who died in 
January, 184S, at the early age of 38. He was succeeded by Prof. Geo. 
R. Perkins, whose reputation as a mathematician is so well known. Un- 
der these, and a corps of excellent teachers, the school has attained a 
lasting reputation in the short space of four years. 



HOUSES IN ALBANY IN 1786. 

In 1786 the number of houses in Albany was found by actual enume- 
ration to be 550. A statement of the number of houses in the principal 
cities and towns at this time, will serve to show their relative propor- 
tions: 



Philadelphia, 4600 

New York, 3500 

Boston, 2100 

Baltimore, 1900 



Charleston (S. C.),. . . 1540 

Albany, 550 

New Haven, 400 

Hartford, 300 



It will be seen that Albany was the sixth in point of number. The 
census of Boston was found to be at that time 14,640, exclusive of stran- 
gers, which gives seven persons to a house. At this rate Albany would 
have had 3,850 inhabitants. To carry out the calculation, Philadelphia 
would have contained 32,200; New York, 24,500; Baltimore, 13,300; 
Charleston, 10,780. The number of strangers might have increased the 
estimate one eighth. The population of these places, however, is known 
to have differed considerably from the above estimates. 

8 



86 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 




REFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH IN ALBANY. 

The establishment of this church in Holland is said to have been con- 
summated immediately after the decision of the Synod of Dort, in 1619. 
The colonists of New Netherland brought with them a strong attachment 
to the doctrines, worship and government of the church at home, and how- 
ever deeply interested in secular pursuits, it is known that in very good 
time they took rneasm-es to establish among them the regular ministrations 
of the gospel. There are no records preserved in the church, by which 
to ascertain the exact time when it was organized in this part of the 
colony, though it is claimed by some to have been coeval with the first 
settlement. Dr. Livingston, a noted preacher in the early part of the 
present century, says, there were documents in existence which rendered 
it certain that a considerable church was organized in New York, as early 
as 1619, and that records were extant, containing the names of members 
in full communion, dated 1622. At another time, speaking of the Albany 
settlement, he says, " It is very certain that they had ministers there as 
early, if not before, any were at New York." Dr. O'Callaghan, on the 
other hand, asserts that in 1640 no church or clergyman existed yet in Rens- 
selaerswyck, although the colony at New Amsterdam erected a church 
in 1633; but that in 1642 the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis, " the pious 
and well learned minister of the congregation of Schoorel and Berge," 
came out under the patronage of the patroon, and arrived on the llth of 
August. It is ascertained by documents preserved in the Van Rensselaer 
archives, that the conditions upon which the above named clergyman ac- 
cepted the call to Rensselaerswyck, were, a free passage, and board for 
himself and family ; an outfit of 300 guilders ($120), and an annual salary 
of 1100 guilders ($440), 30 schepels (22^ bushels) of wheat, and 2 firkins 
of butter, for the first three years; and if the patroon was satisfied with 
his services, he was to receive an additional sum of 200 guilders ($80) per 
annum, for another term of three years. The minister's family consisted 
of himself and wife, and four children. A house for the dominie had 
been cortracted for, but was not erected when he arrived; the carpen- 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 87 

ter of the colony not being a reliable man, if Commissary Van Curler's 
account of him is correct; but a house constructed entirely of oak 
was purchased on his arrival, for $120. We are led to infer that the 
church edifice was, likewise, unprepared for the use of the minister ; for 
the commissary wrote to the patroon that he intended to have one built 
during the summer, " in the pine grove," 34 feet long by 19 wide; a 
building previously begun not proving satisfactory for the purpose. The 
church was clustered in among the other buildings around Fort Orange, 
which stood near the river between Denniston and Lydius streets, and 
the church yard was in the rear, on what is now Church street. The 
furniture of this church consisted of a pulpit ornamented with a canopy, 
pews for the magistrates and the deacons, and nine benches for the con- 
gregation; the expense of all which was $32. A new stoop was added 
to the building in the year 1651, and the church continued to accommodate 
the faithful till 1656, a period of 13 years from the time of its erection. 
Mr. Megapolensis retired from the colony in 1649, with the intention of 
returning to Holland ; but he was persuaded to remain at Now Amster- 
dam, where he still resided when that place was surrendered to the Eng- 
lish, as did also his brother William, who lent the weight of his influence 
to prevent the doughty governor, Stuyvesant, from firing upon the enemy. 
He died in 1670. 

In 1652 the Rev. Gideon Schaats (or Schaets) was sent over to supply 
the pulpit at Albany for three years, under a salary of 800 guilders per 
annum ($320), which was afterwards increased to 1000, and then to 1300 
guilders per annum. He is said to have been 45 years of age when he 
arrived in the colony, and was accompanied by his two sons and daughter. 
He is supposed to have died in 1683. 

The Rev. Mr Niewenhuysen (or Niewenhuyt) was a colleague of Mr. 
Schaats as early as 1675. In that year the Rev. Nicholas Van Rensselaer 
(or Nicholas Ranslaer) arrived here, and set up a claim not only to tho 
pulpit, but also to the manor itself; but failed to obtain either. The Duke 
of York recommended him to Sir Edmund Andross for a living in one of 
the churches at New York or Albany. Suspected of being a papist, Mr. 
Niewenhuysen disputed his right to administer the sacraments, on the 
ground that he was not approved by the Classis of Amsterdam, to which 
the Dutch churches here held themselves subordinate. In this controversy 
the governor took the part, of Mr. Van Rensselaer, and summoned Niew- 
enhuysen before him to answer for his conduct ;* but he was so grossly 
maltreated, and so frequently harassed by fruitless and expensive attend- 
ances before the council, that the greater part of the people resented the 
usage he met with ; and the magistrates of Albany, in retaliation, impri- 
soned Mr. Van Rensselaer for " several dubious words " uttered in a ser- 
mon. The governor in turn ordered him to be released, and summoned 
the magistrates to attend him at New York, where warrants were issued 
to compel them to give security in 5,000 each, to make out good cause 
for confining the minister. Leisler, who was one of them, refused to 
comply, and was imprisoned. Sir Edmund, fearful that a great party 
would rise up against him, was at last compelled to discontinue his eccle- 
siastical jurisdiction, and refer the controversy to the decision of the con- 
sistory of the Dutch church at Albany. It is said that Mr. Van Rensse- 
laer's popularity with the prince grew out of his having predicted, while 

Nw York Records, vol. iii, p. 54 et seq. 



88 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

Charles II. was in exile, the day of his restoration; and it is furthermore 
related that the people of Albany held his prophetic pretensions in high 
estimation, out of which proceeded many strange tales. 

A stone church was erected in 1656, at the intersection of what was 
then or afterwards called Yonker's and Handelaer's streets, now known 
as State street and Broadway. The corner stone was laid by Rutger 
Jacobsen, and the pulpit and bell, promised to be sent over by the Dutch 
West India Company, arrived in due time, and served the congregation a 
century and a half. 

In 1683, the Rev. Godfredius Dellius arrived, to assist Mr. Schaats in 
the ministry, who was now about 76 years of age. The Register of Bap- 
tisms commences this year, with the name of Mr. Dellius at the head of 
the page, and has been tolerably well kept ever since. At the time Mr. 
Dellius arrived in the colony, the church is said to have been very 
numerous, to which great additions were made by him, especially among 
the Mohawk Indians. Unhappily he was led into extravagant speculations 
in land, which involved him in difficulties, and led to his dismissal in 1699, 
when he returned to Holland. The history of the dominies in New Neth- 
erland exhibits a succession of active labors in an unpromising and rather 
uninviting field; and a series of private woes and difficulties, which drove 
several of them back to the shores of Europe. The flock was widely ex- 
tended. Besides the colony of Rensselaerswyck, it embraced the Mohawk 
Indians, and the settlements on the river. There was a considerable in- 
gathering of neophytes from Kinderhook and more remote places, in all 
directions. 

In 1700, the Rev. Nucella was the officiating minister; and in 

1703 the Rev. John Lydius commenced his labors, which terminated in 
1709. The pulpit seems to have been vacant two years. The baptismal 
register has the name of Rev. Gualterus Du Bois, who resided in New 
York, in 1710 ; and that of Rev. Petrus Vas, in 1711 ; neither of whom ap- 
pear to have been settled pastors. 

In 1712 the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen was called, and continued his 
ministerial labors until his death, whieh took place about the 1st of Febru- 
ary, 1738. In the meantime the church was rebuilt, namely, in 1715, upon 
the site of the old one, at the confluence of State with Court and Market 
streets, and a patent or charter procured in 1720. The Rev. Cornelis 
Van Schie began to officiate as his colleague in 1733 ; after whose de- 
cease, in August. 1744, the Rev. Theodoras Frelinghuysen occupied the 
pulpit till 1760, when he abruptly left the church and returned to Holland. 
The story of this ill-fated divine, as told by Mrs. Grant, excites our com- 
passion for a worthy, zealous, and high-minded man. The account of 
his tragical end is variously told, and may have had a legendary origin. 

In the latter part of the year 1760, the Rev. Eilardus Westerlo arrived 
from Holland, and entered upon the pastoral charge. He became one of 
the most eminent ministers of the Dutch church in America, and died in 
1790, at the early age of 53, in the thirty-first year of his ministry, greatly 
revered and lamented by his people. 

During the occupation of New York by the British, the Rev. Dr. Living- 
ston occasionally assisted Dr. Westerlo, from 1776 to 1779; but when 4 a 
call was given him in 1780, he declined its acceptance. A disposition was 
manifested by some of the prominent members of the church, twenty years 
after, to give him a call to pre&ch to them in the Dutch language ; but 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 89 

the trustees reluctantly consented, after several refusals, to grant a salary 
for the purpose; and when they finally acceded to it, the sum was too 
small, and the doctor had become too infirm to leave his charge in New 
York, if he had entertained the wish to do so. 

In 1787 the Rev John Bassett was associated with Dr. Westerlo. The 
church had now become comparatively wealthy and numerous. In 1798, 
during his ministry, the congregation having become too large for the di- 
mensions of their ancient church, a new one was completed, in North Pearl 
street, and services were held weekly in both places. About this time, 
serious differences arose between Mr. Bassett and his consistory, which led 
to his withdrawal from the church in 1804. He removed to the Boght, 
and afterwards to Bushwick, Long Island, where he died in 1820. 

The Rev. John B. Johnson became the colleague of Dr. Bassett in 1796, 
and continued here until 1802, when he withdrew, and removed to Brook- 
lyn. He died at Newtown. Long Island, on the 29th August, 1803. In 
consequence of impaired health he had withdrawn from the cares of a 
large congregation, and accepted a call where less exertion was re- 
quired; but his disease was too deeply rooted, and the change proved 
ineffectual to his relief. After the death of his wife, who left him in April 
with three infant children, he rapidly declined. He was distinguished by 
abilities which marked him for extensive usefulness, and his mind was im- 
proved by a liberal education and indefatigable study. He enjoyed great 
popularity with his people, and during his ministry very gratifying acces- 
sions were made to the church. The two ministers preached alternately 
in the old and new churches. 

By the removal of Mr. Bassett in 1804, the church was left without a 
pastor. At this juncture, a meeting of the great consistory was called 
for the purpose of deliberating upon the concerns of the church, and to 
decide upon the call of a pastor. This body was composed of the acting 
board, and the surviving members of all former boards of consistory, and 
met on the 27th of May, 1805. The following members attended: 



John Veeder, 
John N. Bleecker, 
John B. Bradt, 
John H.Wendell, 
John D. P. Douw, 

Pruyn. 

Henry Truax, 
Douw Fonda, 
Gerrit Quackenbush, 
Killian J. Winne, 
Sol'n Van Rensselaer, 
Harmanus P. Schuyler, 
Anthony Van Santvoort, 
(, Jacob Ten Eyck) 
jLeonard Gansevoort, 
Gerrit Groesbeeck, 



Henry Quackenbush, 
Henry Staats. 
Isaac Truax, 
John Gates, 
Gerrit A. Lansing, 
Peter Lansing, 
Joachim Staats, 
James Bleecker, 
Elbert WiHett, 
John J. Bleecker, 
John H. Wendell, 
Cor's Van Schelluyne, 
Philip P. Schuyler, 
Cornelius Van Vechten, 
William Staats, 
Abraham Schuyler, 
John P. Quackenboss, 



K. K. Van Rensselaer, 
Jacob Bleecker, Jr., 
Teunis Ts.Van Vechten, 
Harmanus A. Wendell, 
Henry Van Woert, 
Casparus Pruyn, 
Gerardus Lansing, 
Jacob J, Lansing, 
Gornelius Groesbeeck, 
Richard Lush, 
Sanders Lansing, 
Isaac Bogert, 
Jacob Van Loon, 
Volkert S. Veeder, 
Peter E. Elmendorf, 
Abraham Ten Eyck. 



In the absence of any pagtor, Mr. Peter Dox had presided over the meet- 
ings of the board for a long time. They determined to call the Rev. John 
M, Bradford, under a salary of $1500. He was to be required to preach 



90 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 

but once on each sabbath during the first year, and his salary was to be 
increased $250 in the event of his marriage. The Rev. Mr. Linn, who had 
been an occasional preacher here several years, was also engaged to preach 
once on each sabbath. Mr. Bradford was ordained and installed pastor of 
the church on the llth of August, ]805. 

The project of another new church began to be agitated early in 1799, 
to be located upon the ancient church yard, where it was subsequently 
built. In 1805, the ground occupied by the old church at the foot of State 
street, was sold to the city corporation, for $5,000, and in the spring of 
the following year it was taken down, and the materials used in the con, 
struction of the church on Beaver street. A great deal of interest still 
attaches to this venerable edifice, and its demolition was viewed with pain, 
ful emotions by many of the old people, who had been so long accustomed 
to worship there. It had served the purposes of the congregation nearly 
a century, aqd was invested with an unusual religious affection and vene- 
ration j the inarch of improvement has seldom overturned a nobler struc- 
ture. The site had been selected for the church just a century and a half 
preyioqs. The one erected in 1643 had before 1656 become inadequate to 
the accommodation of the community, and it had been determined in the 
course of the preceding year to erect a new building. To assist this good 
work the patroan and codirectors subscribed 1000 guilders, or $400, and 
1500 guilders were appropriated from the fines imposed by the court at 
Fort Orange. In the early part of the summer, Rutger Jacobsen, one of 
the magistrates, laid the corner stone of the sacred edifice, in presence of 
the authorities, both of the town and oolonie, an.d of the assembled inha. 
bitants. A temporary pulpit was, at first, erected for the use of the mi. 
nister, but the settlers subscribed twenty-five beavers to purchase a more 
splendid one in Holland. The chamber at Amsterdam added seventy-five 
guilders to this sum, for "the beavers were greatly damaged;" and "with 
a view to inspire the congregation with more ardent zeal," presented 
them the next year with a bell, " to adorn their newly constructed little 
church."* A fragment of this bell is still preserved, it is said, in one of 
the churches, bearing the inscription, " Anno 1601." And when in 1715, 
the original structure was beginning to decay, and the congregation, 
becoming too numerous for its dimensions, the foundations of a new one 
were laid around it, and the walls carried up and enclosed before the first 
was taken down, so that the customary services were interrupted only 
three sabbaths. This enlargement was made in the third year of the mi. 
nistry of the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen ; and the ingenuity of the scheme 
by which so great a work was accomplished without materially interrupt- 
ing the weekly services, seems to have been a subject of great admiration 
and universal remark, in all time since, The edifice which had been con, 
structed in this extraordinary manner, was in the Gothic style, and is sup 
posed to be correctly delineated in the accompanying engraving. It 
occupied almost the entire width of State street, and extended partly 
across Broadway. 

When the church was demolished, very few of the armorial bearings upon 
its stained windows escaped destruction ; still a few relics were preserved. 
Among these, is one of its small windows; also, the weather-fane, and 
one of the bags in which the contributions were taken. But above aU the 

Hist. N. Nelh., i,, 3Q7, 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 



91 




old pulpit is still in existence, and forms 
a very interesting relic. It was sent 
over Irom Holland in 1656, and was 
continued in the service of the church 
150 years. It is constructed of oak, 
octagonal in form, about four feet high, 
and three feet in diameter. Although 
in a dismounted state, and rather off 
at the hinges, it is otherwise in a very 
good state of preservation. The ac- 
companying engraving represents it 
very accurately, as it now stands in 
the attic of the North Dutch Church. 
The bracket is seen in front, upon 
which the dominie placed the hour glass, when he commenced his dis- 
course. This pulpit was occupied by a long line of ministers, whose me- 
mory has been so much neglected, that it has been with great difficulty 
and labor we have traced their names even, and that imperfectly. The 
following is the best account we are able to give of the succession of the 
ministry. 

1642 to 1649, Rev. Johannes Megapolensis. 
1652 to 1683, Rev. Gideon Schaats. 

J675 Rev. . Niewenhuysen. 

J6.83 to 1699, Rev. Godfredius Dellius. 

1699 to * =- Rev. Nucella. 

J703 to 1709, Rev. John Lydius. 

1710 no pastor, Rev. GualterusDu Bois. (occasional) 

1711 do. Rev. Petrus Vas. ( do. ) 

1712 to 173S, Rev. Petrus Van Driessen. 
1733 to 1744, Rev. Cornelis Van Schie. 

mi to 1760, Rev. Theodorus Frelinghuysen. 

1760 to 1790, Rev. Eilardus Westerlo. 

1776 to 1779, Rev. John H. Livingston, (occasional) 

1787 to 1804, Rev. John Bassett. 

1796 to 1802, Rev. John B. Johnson. 

1805 Rev. John M. Bradford. 

The minutes of the board of consistory were very imperfectly kept pre- 
vious to the year 1790. The records of the church which we have seen, 
consist principally of registers of baptisms and marriages, kept often in a 
very obscure manner, in which the elections of church officers are some- 
times interspersed. Soon after the above date, however, a new spirit 
geems to have animated the board, which was composed of some of the 
most eminent men of the city. They entered upon the business of erecting 
a large church, surpassing all others in the city; and among other im- 
provements and regulations which they introduced, they caused the minutes 
of the board, as far as they had been kept, to be fairly transcribed, and 
insisted upon their being properly and fully noted. Since then their trans- 
actions have b*en very well preserved. 

We have traced the history of this church, one of the oldest in the 
United States, down to the year 1805, when a new era begins. The church 
now consists of three congregations, an account of which is deferred to a 
future time, 



. 






92 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

APPENDIX. 

Call of the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis. Whereas, by the state of the 
navigation in the East and West Indies, a door is opened through the 
special providence of God, also in New Netherland, for the preaching 
of the gospel of Jesus Christ, for the salvation of men, as good fruits 
have been already witnessed there, through God's mercy ; and whereas 
the brethren of the Classis of Amsterdam have been notified that Mr. 
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer hath within the said limits in the North River, 
as patroon or lord, founded a colony named Renselaerswyck, and would 
fain have the same provided with a good, honest, and pure preacher ; 
therefore they have observed and fixed their eyes, on the reverend, pi- 
ous and well-learned Dr. Joannes Megapolensis, junior, a faithful ser- 
vant of the gospel of the Lord, in the congregation of Schorel and 
Berg, under the Classis of Alkmaar, whom ye have also called, after 
they had spoken with the said lord, Mr. Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, in the 
same manner as they, with his honor's approbation, do hereby call him 
to be sent to New Netherland, there to preach God's word in the said 
colony, to administer the holy sacraments of baptism and the Lord's 
supper; to set an example to the congregation, in a Christian like man- 
ner, by public precept ; to ordain elders and deacons according to the 
form of the holy apostle Paul, 1 Tim., iii., 1 ; moreover to keep and 
govern, with the advice and assistance of the same, God's congregation 
in good discipline and order, all according to God's holy word, and in 
conformity with the government, confession and catechism of the Nether- 
land churches and the synodal acts of Dordrecht, subscribed by him to 
this end, with his own hand, and promised in the presence of God, at 
his ordination, requesting hereby all and every who shall see and read 
these, to respect our worthy brother as a lawfully called minister, and 
him to esteem by reason of his office, so that he may perform the duty 
of the gospel to the advancement of God's holy name and the conver- 
sion of many poor blind men. May the Almighty God, who hath call- 
ed him to this ministry, and instilled tl.is good zeal in his heart, to pro- 
claim Christ to Christians and heathens in such distant lands, strengthen 
him more and more, in this his undertaking, enrich him with all sorts of 
spiritual gifts; and bless overflowiugly his faithful labors; and when 
the Chief Shepherd, Christ Jesus, shall appear, present him with the 
imperishable crown of eternal glory. Amen. Thus given in our clas- 
sical assembly at Amsterdam, this 22d day of March, 1642. Signed in 
the name and on behalf of the whole body. Wilhelmus Somerus, loco 
praesidis ; Zloahar Svvalmius, scriba classis ; Jonas Abeels, elder. Ex- 
amined and approved by the directors of the West India Company, 
Chamber of Amsterdam, 6th June 1642 (sisned) Charles Looten, Elhs 
de Raet. Mr. Megapolensis embarked in the Houttuyn, and arrived at 
the colony in August of 1642. O'Callaghan's Hist. N. Neth., i., 449, 

The First Church. In commissary Van Curler's letter to the patroon, 
dated June 16, 1643, he says: " As for the church, it is not yet con- 
tracted for, nor even begun. I had written last year to your honor, that I 
had a building almost ready, namely, the covenanted work, which 
would have been for Dom. Megapolensis ; and this house was not agree- 
able to the taste of Dom. Johannes 5 in other respects it was altogether 
suitable for him, so that i have laid it aside, That which I intend to 






Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 93 

build this summer in the pine grove (in het greynen bosch), will be 34 
feet long by 19 feet wide. It will be large enough for the first three or 
four years, to preach in, and can afterwards always serve for the resi- 
dence of the sexton, or for a school." Ibid., i.,459. 

Note of Hand. It appears that in 1647, the church was rich enough 
to loan money to the patroon, as will be seen by the following note of 
hand to the deaconry: "I, the undersigned, Anthonie de Hooges, 
have, on the part of the noble patroon of the colonie of Rensselaers- 
wyck, borrowed from the diaconie of the aforesaid place, for the term 
of one year, to be repaid in cash, at the option of the lenders, with ten 
per cent interest per annum, the sum of three hundred guilders in sea- 
wan, whereof one hundred and twenty is in ordinary seawan. promis- 
ing thankfully to produce at the aforesaid time, in stated specie afore- 
said, to the diaconie of the aforesaid place. In testimony whereof, 
have I subscribed this acte with mine own hand. Aclum R. Wyck, 9th 
May, 1647." Ibid, t.. 471. 

Agreement between Dom. Megapolensis and the Patroon. The condi- 
tions upon which Mr. Megapolensis accepted the call " to administer 
and promote divine service in the colonie for the term of six successive 
years, according to previous demission from his classis/' were as fol- 
lowe : " Firstly, Dr. Johannes Megapolensis 39 years old, with his 
wife, Machtelt Willemsen, aged 42 years, besides his children, HeJle- 
gond, Derrick, Jan, and Samuel, aged 14, 12, 10 and 8 years, shall furn- 
ish and provide themselves with clothing, furniture and other utensils, 
and these put up in such small and compact parcels, as can be properly 
stowed away in the ship. In the mean lime, as his six years and his 
salary shall commence so soon as be shall set foot in the aforesaid colo- 
nie, the patroon, in addition to free board for them all in the ship, until 
they reach the colonie, shall over and above make him a present, for 
future serivce, at once, of three hundred guilders, without deduction. 
And in case it happen, which the Lord God in his mercy forbid, that he 
and his family come to fall in the hands of the Dunkirkers, the pa-troon 
promises to use all diligence to procure his ransom; to forward him af- 
terwards on his voyage, according as occasion shall again offer, and to 
cause to be paid him during his detention, for the support of himself and 
family, forty guilders per month; and also so much here monthly, after 
he shall have received his liberty and orders, and shall have conveyed 
him hither, until he embarks. On his arrival, by God's help, in the co- 
lonie, the patroon shall cause to be shown to him where he and his shall 
lodge at first, until a fit dwelling shall be erected for him. So soon as 
he shall reach the colonie, his hereafter mentioned salary shall com- 
mence, and his board and wages cease, and the palroon be discharged 
therefrom. Which salary, in order that he and his family shall be able 
honorably to maintain themselves, and not be necessitated to have re- 
course to any other means, whether tilling the land, commerce, rearing 
of cattle, or such like ; but by the diligent performance of his duties, for 
the edifying improvement of the inhabitants and Indians, without being 
indebted to any person, which he also acknowledges to observe ; where- 
fore the patroon promises to cause to be paid to him for the first three 
years' salary, meat, drink, and whatever else he may claim in that re- 
gard, one thousand, or ten hundred guilders yearly, one half here in 



94 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

this country, the remaining half in proper account there, according as 
he requires it, ia provisions, clothing, and such like, at the ordinary and 
accustomed prices; and a further yearly addition of thirty schepels of 
wheat I say thirty schepels and two firkins of butter, or in place 
thereof, sixty guilders in money's worth. Should the patroon be satis- 
fied with his service, he shall give him yearly, the three following years, 
an increase of two hundred guilders. In case of decease within the 
aforesaid six years, at which time the salary shall cease, the patroon 
shall pay to his widow, besides the supplement of the half year in which 
he shall have entered, a yearly sum of one hundred guilders, until the 
expiration of the aforesaid six years. He shall, besides, befriend and 
serve the patroon, in all things wherein he can do so without interfering 
with or impeding his duties. The aforesaid Johannes Megapolensis 
having also promised to comport himself in the said colonie as a loyal 
subject and inhabitant thereof, the above named palroon, on his side, 
also promises, for him and his successors, to perform and execute what 
is hereinbefore set forth, and to furnish him with due acte and commis- 
sion, sealed with the seal of the patroon and the colonie; and in acknow- 
ledgment of the truth, without fraud, guile, or deceit, has this writing 
been signed by both sides. In Amsterdam, this 6lh of March, 1642." 
Ibid, i., 448. 

The Rev. Gideon Schaats the second clergyman in Albany, was born- 
in ? 1607. He was originally engaged as minister of the colonie of Rensse- 
laerswyck, but in 1657, he was appointed '' at the request of the inhabi- 
tants of Fort Orange and Beverwyck," minister of the latter place, at 
a salary of 1200 guilders, " to be collected for the greatest part from the 
inhabitants." The following is a contract under which he first came to 
this country: "We, Johan Van Rensselaer, patroon, and codirectors of 
the Colonie Rensselaerswyck in New Netherland, having seen and ex- 
amined the actes granted by the venerable Classis of Amsterdam to 
Dominie Gideon Schaats, so have we invited and accepted the said 
Gideon Schaats as preacher in our aforesaid colonie, there to perform 
divine service in quality aforesaid. To use all Christian zeal there 
to bring up both the heathens and their children in the Christian re- 
ligion. To leach also the Catechism there, and instruct the people in 
the holy scriptures, and to pay attention to the office of schoolmaster 
for old and young. And further to do everything fitting and becoming 
a public, honest and holy teacher, for the advancement of divine service 
and church exercise among the young and old. And, in case his rever- 
ence should take any of the heathen children there to board and to edu- 
cate, he shall be indemnified therefor as the commissioners there shall 
think proper. And he is accepted and engaged for the period of three 
years, commencing when his reverence shall have arrived thither in the 
Colonie Rensselaerswick, in the ship the Flower of Gelder, his passage 
and board being free ; and he shall enjoy for his salary, yearly, the sura 
of eight hundred guilders, which shall be paid to his reverence there 
through the patroon's and codirectors' commissioners; and in case of 
prolongation, the salary and allowance shall be increased in such man- 
ner as the parties there shall mutually agree upon. And as a donation, 
and in confirmation of this reciprocal engagement, one hundred guilders 
are now presented to the dominie. And in addition the sum of three 
hundred guilders to be deducted from the first earned wages in the colo- 






Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 95 

nie, which moneys he doth hereby acknowledge to have received, acquit- 
ting thereof the palroon and codirectors. Finally, should the dominie 
require any money to the amount of one hundred guilders, to be paid 
yearly here, and to be deducted there, the said payment, on advice from 
the commissaries there, shall be made here, to the order of the afore- 
said dominie. Whereupon, the call, acceptance, and agreement are con- 
cluded, each promising on his side, with God's help, to observe and fol- 
low the same, which each has promised, and in testimony thereof have 
both signed this. In Amsterdam, this eighth of May, XVI hundred two 
and fifty." Was signed Johan Van Rensselaer, Toussaint Mussart, for 
the codirectors, Gideon Schaats called minister to Rensselaerswick. 
Ibid, if., 567. 

Mr. Schaats's Children. The Rev. Mr. Schaats had three children, 
two sons and one daughter. Reynier, the oldest, removed to Schenec- 
tady, where he was killed, with his son, at the great massacre, Feb. 10, 
1690. Bartolomeus, the second, passed over to Holland, 1670, but re- 
turned and settled as a silversmith in New York, where he died about 
1720, having a son, Reynier, from whom are descended all of the name 
now in this country. AnnekcS., the daughter, married Thomas Davitse 
Kikebell, of New York. She was by no means a favorite with some of 
the female portion of her father's congregation, who carried their feel- 
ings so far, at one time, as to object to approach the Lord's supper in 
her company. Her father resented this. Indeed, already female gossip 
had been caught busy at a tea party with even the dominie's character j 
a prosecution for slander ensued, and the parties had to pay heavy dama- 
ges. Out of this probably arose the ill-will towards the daughter, who 
was sent by the magistrates to her husband at New York. The dominie 
in consequence, resigned his charge over the church, after having preach- 
ed a sermon on 2 Peter, i., 12-15. He was, however, reconciled to his 
flock, and Anneke returned to her father, by whom she seems to have 
been much loved." Ibid, ii., 568. 

Dom. Dellins Deposed. When the Earl of Bellomont arrived as gov- 
ernor of the province, in 1688, Mr. Dellius was despatched in company 
with Capt. John Schuyler, to Canada, to convey the account of the 
peace of Ryswick, and to solicit a mutual interchange of prisoners. 
The dominie allowed his Indian agency to involve him in serious dif- 
ficulties. The Assembly of 1699 took into consideration sundry extrava- 
gant grants of land which had been made by Col. Fletcher to several of 
his favorites. Among these were two grants to Mr. Dellius, who was 
accused of having fraudulently obtained the deeds, according to which 
the patents had been granted. One of these, dated Sept 3, 1696, under 
the seal of the province, was made by Col. Fletcher for a tract of land 
" lying upon the east side of the Hudson river, between the nothermost 
bounds of Saraghtoga and the Rock Rossian," containing about 70 miles 
in length, and 12 miles broad, subject to a yearly rent of one raccoon 
gkin! Another grant was made to Dominie Dellius, William Pinchon 
and Evert Banker, dated July 30, 1697, for "a tract on the Mohawk 
river, 50 miles in length, and two miles on each side of the river, as it 
runs," subject to an annual rent of one beaver skin for the first seven 
years, and five yearly forever thereafter. On the 12th May, 1699, the 
Assembly resolved that, " It having appeared before the house of rep- 



96 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

resentatives convened in general assembly, that Mr. Godfrey Dellius. 
has been a principal instrument in deluding the Maquaas Indians, and 
illegal and surreptitious obtaining of said grants, that he ought to be 
and is hereby suspended from the exercises of his ministerial function 
in the city and county of Albany." 

Church Records. The book of baptisms and marriages commenced by 
Mr. Dellius in 16S3, and continued to the present day, has been of great 
service to many, who from various motives have sought to trace their 
ancestry, and to others who have resorted to it for the purpose of per- 
feeling papers to obtain pensions; but above all the heirs of Anneke 
Jantz are there enabled to make out their parentage, and get it estab- 
lished by the certificate of the church master; which having obtained 
they carefully deposit it in a capacious wallet, with as much satisfaction, 
apparently, as if they had overcome a great obstacle, and were actually 
pocketing 'trinity church itself. The resort to the books for the above and 
similar purposes has been so great, that they have become a good deal 
defaced. In order to the entire preservation of so valuable a record, 
two large folio volumes have been procured, into which all the names 
have been copied in a fair and legible hand. Posterity is indebted for 
this laborious performance to the industry of Dr. John H. Trotter, who, 
with the zeal and perseverance of a Dutch commentator, has given up 
his leisure hours for many months, to the arduous task of decyphering 
and transcribing several hundred pages of Dutch and Indian names, 
many of them almost unintelligible. "The baptisms during the minis- 
try of Dom. Dellius, embracing about sixteen years, were more than 
1100. Among these Indian names frequently occur. Under the date of 
July 11, 1690, are the following: 

Suongara (Little Plank), aged 40; baptismal name David. 

Kowajatense, wife of the above, aged 30 ; named Rebecca. 

Tekaneadaroga aged 22; named Isaac. 

Tejonihokarawe (Open the Door), aged 30; named Hendriek. 

Karanondo (Uplifter}, aged 50; named Lydia. 

Kaadejihendara aged 12; named Seth. 

Siouheja (Lively), named Rachel. 

Skanjodowanne (Eagle** Beak), named Manasse. 

Sagonorasse (Fast Binder), aged 12; named Adam. 

Karehodongwas (ihePlucker),a%ed 16, wife of Isaac; namedEunice. 

dug. 6, 1690. Son of Eunice, aged 9 months; named Simon. 

Kwaorate, mother of Eunice, aged 60; named Lea. 

Karehojenda, ased 30, daughter of Lea; named Alida. 

Waniho, as:ed 40; named Josine.. 

Daughter of Josine, ased 9; named Jakomine. 

Son of Josine, a<?ed 7; named Josua. 

The whole number of baptisms on record is about 14,000. The first 
baptisms under the successor of Mr. Dellius, who was Dom. Nucella, 
bear date Sept. 3. 1699. In 1701, baptisms seem to have been made of 
a considerable number of persons belonging to Kinderhook, and in 1707 
and 1708, at Esopus. (Kingston). On ^the 23d and 30th April, 1710, 61 
baptisms are entered by Mr. Gualterus DuBois, who left his settlement 
at New York the previous year. la 1711, the following baptisms were 
made by Rev. Petrus Vas, who wag a settled pastor at Kingston: March 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 



97 

4th, 14; llth, 7; Oct. 7th, 16; 12th, 2; 14th, 8; 20th, 3. Also in 1712, 
by the same, Feb. 10th, 15; 17th, 5. On the 20th April 1712, the first 
entry is make by Rev. Petrus Van Driessen, of 29 baptisms. 

Early Members of the Church. We are indebted to Mr. S. V. Talcott 
for the following names of the members of the Reformed Protestant 
Dutch Church of the city of Albany, "as they were numbered at the 
end of the year 1683," in the handwriting of Mr. Dellius. 



Juriaen Teunis, Gerrit Swart, 


Areaantje Wynandts (his 


Ariaentje Teunis, 


Antonia Swart, 


wife), 


Abraham Staats, 


Wouter Van Den Uythost, 


Laurens Van Alen, 


Tryntje Staats, 


Leendert Phlipsen (Conyn), 


Elbertje Van Alen, 


Willem Teller, 


Agnietje Leenderts (his wife) 


Tryntje Rutten (now Rose. 


Marritje Teller, 


Anna Van der Heyden, 


boom), 


Jan Becker, 


Arien Van Elpendam, 


Jan Jans Bleecker, 


Mari Becker, 


Gerrit Van Esch, 


Grietjen Bleecker (da. of 


Aarnout Coruelis Vilen, 


Marietje Van Esch, 


Van Schoendemund), 


Gerrigje Vilen, 


Herman Tomes (Hun?), 


Jan Byvang, 


Andries Teller, 


Catelyntje Tomes (his wife). 


Belia Byvang, 


Sephia Teller, 


Anna Ketel, 


Gerrit Lansing, 


Johannes Provoost, 


Grietje Gouws (she is dead), 


Elsje Lansing, 


Cornelis Van Dyck, 


Taakel Dircks, 


Hendrick Lansing, 


Lysbet Van Dyck, 


Marritje Taakels (his wife), 


Lysbet Lansing, 


Catryn Rutgirs, 


Wynand Gerrits (Van der 


Jan Lansing, 


Anaetje Lives (married Goo- 


Poel), 


Geertje Lansing, 


sen GerritseuVan Scayck, 


Tryntje Wynands (his wife), 


Jan Nack, 


July, 1657), 


Pieter Loockerman, 


Jan Vinhagel, 


Jochum Staats, 


Marretje Lookermans, 


Marretje Vinhagel, 


Lysbet Bancker, 


David Schuyler, 


Geertje Bout, 


Margeriet Schuyler, 


Catelyntje Schuyler, 


Willem Bout, 


Richart Pritti, 


Peiter Mees Vrooman, 


Luycas Gerrits, 


Lysbet Pritti, 


Folikje Vrooman, 


Antje Lucas, 


Annetje Staats, 


Jacob Mees Vrooman, 


Isaac Verplanck, 


Jan Tomes, 


Lysbeth Vrooman. 


Abigail Verplanek (da. of 


Geertruyt Tomes, 


Aalbert Ryckman, 


Bogert), 


Jacob Schermerhoorn (im- 


Nelletje Ryckman, 


Johannes Beeckman, 


migrated J645?), 


Sybrent Van Sehayck, 


Machtelt Beeckman (da. of 


Janetje Schermerhorn (da. 


Lysbet Van Sehayck (now 


Jacob J. Schermerhorn), 


of Cornelis Segers), 


Corlaar), 


Nicolaas Van Rotterdam, 


Meindert Hermans (Van Den 


Jacob Staats, 


Lysbet Van Rotterdam, 


Bogert), 


Ryckje Staats, 


Harmen Bastiaans(Visscher) 


Helcen Hermens (his wife ; 


Willem Percker, 


Hester Bastiaans (da. of . 


and da. of Jacob Jans 


Maria Percker, 


Tierk), 


Schermerhorn), 
Evert Wendel the Father, 


Robbert Levinchston, 
Alida Levinchston (da. of 


Robbert Sanders (Glen?), 
Eisje Sanders (Glen), 


Merritje Wendels. 


Schuyler), 


Jacob Sanders (Glen), 


Johannes Wendell, 
Lysbet Wendell (now Schuy- 


Phlip Freest, 
Tryntje Freest (da.of Kip) 


Caatje Sanders (now Douw) 
Nicolaas Rips, 


ler), 


Gerrit Hardeuberch, 


Marie Nicolaas Rips, 


Hendrick Cuyler, 


Joapje Hardenberch, 


Jacob Coenraats, 


Annetje Cuyler, 
Henderick Roosenboom. 


Abraham Van Tricht, 
Lysbeth Van Tricht (now 


Geertje Jacobs (his wife), 
Johannes Roosenboom, 


Gysbertje Roosemboom (da 


Variderpoel), 


Margeriet Roosenboom, 


of Lansing), 


Symen (Jacobs) Schermer- 


Jan Cloet, 


Jan Onderkerck, 


horn, 


Bata Cloet (da. of ~ Slih. 


Dirck Wesselie Ten Brouck. 


Wilmje Schermerhorn (now 


tenhast), 


Styntje Ten Brouck (da of 


Winnen), 


Pieter Davids Schuyler, 


Cornelis Maasen Van Beu- 


Johannes de Wandelaar, 


Alida Schuyler (da. of Sligh. 


ren?). 


Sara de Wandelaar (da. of 


tenhast). 


Marten Krygier, 
Jannetje Krygier (da. of 


Schep-Moes), 
Johannes Van Sandt, 


3uysbert Marselis, 
Barbar Marselis (his wife, 


Hend ricks), 
Adriaan Gerrits (Papendorp) ; 
Jannetje Gerrits (his wife), 


Margeriet Van Sandt, 
Melchert Wynaudts (Van- 
derpoel), 


da. of Claas Jacobs Groes. 
beck), 
Willera Claes Groesbeeek. 


9 



93 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 



GeertruytGroosbeeck (da. of 


Catryn Van der Poel, 


Schuyler), 


Anna Van der Poel, 


Johannes Roos, 


Hendrick Van Esch, 


Cornelia Roos, 


Annetje Van Esch, 


Jan Gilbert, 
Cornelia Gilbert (da. of 


Luycas Pieters (Coeyman), 
Ariaantje Lucass [his wife], 


Van den Bergh), 


Adam Winnen, 


Evert Wendel (the son), 


Anna Winnen (now Teu- 


Lysbeth Wendel (da. of 


nisse), 


Glen), 


Marten Jans, 


Cornells Scherluyn, 


Jannetje Martens (his wife, 


Geertruyt Scherluyn (da of 


and da. of Cornelis), 


Harman B Visscher), 


Marritje Quakelbosch, 


Rachel Rettle, 


Douwe Jelis (died Nov. 27, 


Jacob Loockerrnan, 


1700), 


Tryntje Loockerrnan, 
Caatje Loockerman (now 


Rebecca Douws (his wife), 
Wouter Quakelbosch, 


Ten Brock), 
Jacob Abrahams, 


Neeltje Quakelbosch, 
Jan (Pieters) Quakelbosch, 


Catelyntje Jacobs (his wife), 
Nicolaes Van Elslant, 


Machtelt Quakelbosch (da 
of Jan Post), 


Aaltje Frans (Pruyn), 


Reinier (Pieters) Quakel- 


Johannes Appel, 


bosch, 


Anetje Appel, 


[,ysbit Quackelbosch, 


Johannes Tomes (Mingaal), 


Folekje Brabauders, 


Mari Jans (Mingall, da. of 


Margnet Ketel, 


Jan Jans Oothoul), 


Ysbrant Elders, 


Jacobus Turck, 


Jan de Noorman (the elder); 


Caatje Turck (da. of Van 


Marritje Noorman (now 


Benthuisen), 


Carbith), 


Levinus Van Schayck, 


Jan (Andries) Douw 3 


MargarietVan Schayck, 


Catryn Douw, 


Henderick Bries, 


Arien Appel, 


Marie Bries (now Loker- 


Wouter de Rademmaecker, 


mans), 


Grieije Wouters (his wife), 


Reimer Barents, 


Gernt Reyers, 


Bastiaan Harmens (Visscher) 


Anuetje Reyers, 


Dirckje Bastiaans (his wife, 


Marrelje Van Schayck, 


and da. of Teunis Teunisse 


Geertje Brickers, 


de Metsaaler), 


Marretje Zacharias, 


Maas Cornelis (Van Buren), 
Jacomyn Maas (his wife), 


Robbert Sickels, 
Cornelis Van der Hoeven, 


Willem Guysberts (Van den 


Melje Van der Hoeven, 


Bergh), 


Merselis Jans, 


Catryn Willems (his wife), 


Annetje Marselis (his wife), 


Cornelis Guysberts (Van den 


Pieter Bogardus, 


Bergh), 
Pieter Winne, 


Wyntje Bogardus (da. of 
Cornelis Bosch), 


Tanne Winne, 


Marten Gerrits (Van Bergen) 


Levinus Winne, 


Jannetje Martens (his wife. 


Jan Salomons (Goewey), 
Caatje Salomons (his wife. 


Nieltje Myndert, 2d wife)! 
Teunis Cornelis (Van Vech 


and da. of Lookerman) 


ten), 


Barbar Salomons (Goewey) 


Hester-Teunissen (his wife), 


Dirck Bensing, 


Geertje Van der Hoeven, 


Tytje Bensing, 


Jurian Coller, 


Lysbet Herds (now Kaer), 
Huyberije Jeedts, 
Pieter Schuyler, 
Engeltje Schuyler, 


Lysbeth Coller, 
Andries de Sweed (i. e., An. 
dries Alberts Bratt), 
Neeltje Andries (da. of Teu- 


Arent Schuyler, 


nis Sway). 


Maria Van Renselaar, 


Tennis Slingerlandt, 


Ciliaan Van Renselaar, 


Celia Slingerlant, 


Anna Van Renselaar, 


Jan Hendricks (Van den 


Teunis (Cornelis) Van der 


Bergh), 


p oe l Maria Jans, 



Jan Van der Hoeven, 

Jannelje Ver Wey, 

Sara Ketel, 

Sela Ketel (now Rachel Van, 

der Heyden), 
Ant je Cross, 
Paulyn Jans, 

Wyntje Paulyns (his wife), 
Ryck Michiels. 
Jannetje Paulyns. 
Anna Pieterse (Van Slyck), 
Hendrick Maes (Van Beu- 

ren), 

Lysbeth Hendricks (his wife), 
Gerrit Gysberts (Van den 

Berg), 

Teunije Gerrits (his wife), 
Frerick de Drent, 
Jannelje Vries (now Sals- 

berry), 

Hendrick Marselis, 
Barent Pieters (Coeyman), 
Jacob Salomons (Goewey), 
Lyntje Salomons (his wife), 
Geertruyt Rinckhout, 
Mattys Hooghteeling, 
Maria Hooghteeling, 
Jan Jacobs Van Oostrant, 
Agniet Van Oostrant, 
Phlip Leenderts (Conyn), 
Wyntje Phlips (his wife, and 

da. of Dirks), 

Gerrit Lamberts (Van Val- 

kenburgh), 
Marie Jochems, 
Dirck Teunis (Van der Vech- 

ten), 
Janneije Dircks (rather Van 

der Vechten), 
Gerrit Teuuis (Van der Vech. 

Grielje Gerrits (Van der 

Vechten\ 

Magcleleen Quakelbosch, 
Andries Jans (Witbeck), 
Jan Bronck, 
Commerlje Bronck (da. of 

Lendert Conyn). 
Melchert Abrams (Van Deu. 

sen), 

Engeltje Abrams (his wife), 
Hendrick Abels (Ridden. 

haas). 

Sephia Abels (now Nak), 
Johannes (Jans) Oothout, 
Hendrick (Jans) Oothout, 
Jacobus Jans, 
Jannetje Jacobs (his wife), 
May ken Jacobus 
Abraham Van Breemen, 
Marrelje Van Bremen, 
Johannes Jans UVitbeck) 
Lysbet Jans (Witbeck, da. 

of Leendert Conyn), 
Claes Van Pelten, 
Jsje Van Petten, 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 



99 



Cornelis Teunis (Van Vech-IAalbert (Jacobs) Gerdenier, 


Catelyntje Ten Brouck, 


ten), 


Marretje Aalberts (his wife), 


Martina Bicker (now Hoo- 


Annetje Cornelis (his wife), 


Jannetje Lamberts (VanVol- 


gen), 


Marten Cornelis (VanBeuren 


kenburgh), 


Susanna Wendel, 


Marretje Martens (his wife), 


Tarn Kreeve, 


Benony Van Corlar, 


Cornelia Martens (now Van 


Jannetje Kreeve, 


Jan Ratlife, 


Deusen), 


Aaltje Adams, 


AntjeVanEsch (nowRidder) 


Angeltjie Andries (wife of 


Teuwis Cool, 


Martina Teunis, 


Andries Jans Witbeck ?), 


Marretje Teuwis (his wife), 


Cornelia Ten Broeck, 


Geertje Gvsberts, 


Ariaantje Hendriks, 


Susanna Barents, 


Hendrick Ver Wey, 


Teuwis Abrams, 


Sara Sanders (now Greeven- 


Teunis de Metselaar, 


Helena Teuwis (his wife), 


rood). 


Egbertje Teunis (his wife), 


Samson Sensing, 


Maria Kateluyne (now Bratt) 


Wilmje Teunis (now Bratt), 


Tryntje Samsons (his wife 


Dyrckje Luyckens, 


Symen Schouten, 


a Mathus), 


Antje Becker, 


Cypjen Schouten, 


Johannes Sensing, 


Abraham Staats, Jr., 


Andries Hans, 


Mattys Hooghteeling 


Elbert Gerrits, 


Gerretje Andries (his wife. 


Nanning Harmens (Visscher) 


Jan Huyberls, 


and da. of Teunis TeunisselCornlis Stephens (Muller), 


Johannes Bleycker, Jr., 


de Metselaar), 


Jlilletje Cornelis (a Looker- 


Antoni Bries, 


Jsje Hans, 


man his wife), 


Gerrit Lansing, Jr., 


Jacob Van Oostrant, 


2aasper Leenderts (Conyn), 


Herbert Jacobs (Van Deusen) 


Mees Hogenboom, 


Colette Caspars (Winnen 


Hendrick Rosenboom, Jr., 


Catryn Hogenboom, 


his wife), 


Jan A heel, 


Ariaantje Hoogenboom, 


Mayken Martens, 


Maria Parcker, 


Antoni Van Schayck, 


sabella Dellius, 


Catryn Villeroy, 


Marietje Van Schayck (da. 


Dorete Volkens (Douw?}, 


Sara Hardenberch, 


of Van der Poel), 


Datryntje Volkeas (Douw), 


Annetje Lives, 


Roeloff Gerrits, 


Vlaria Schuyler (now Van 


Abraham Cuyler, 


Geertruyt Roelofs (his wife) ; 


Dyck), 


Dirck Barents Bratt, 


Jan Grulters, 


Mayken Jacobs, 


Solomon Frederick Booch. 


Hermen Lievens, 


Anerigje Jans, 


Elizabeth Van Gelder, 


Marrelje Hermens (Liever- 


?hlip Wendell, 


Symon Van Esch, 


sen), 


Sastian Harmans (Visscher), 


Catharina Van Schayck, 


Jan Van Esch, 


Rebecca Everts (wife of 


Debora Van Dam (wife of 


Aaltje Van Esch, 


Hanssen), 


Hendrick Hansse), 


Barent Bratt, 


Hester Bricker (now Slinger- 


Margriet Jurries, 


Susanna Bratt, 


land), 


Zytje Marselis (wife of Jo. 


Geurt Hendricks, 


Aaltje Arents, 


seph Jansse), 


Marrelje Geurten (his wife), 


Andries Jans, 


Est de Ridder, 


Andries Carstels, 


Barentje Jans, 


Cornelis Martens, 


Harmen JansKnickelbacker, 


Jonas Volkens (Douw), 


Jacob Vosbergh, 


Lysbet Harmens (his wife, 


Dhillian Winne, 


Isaac Vosberch, 


and da. of Bogert), 


Thomas Winne, 


Abraham Jans (Van AU 


Wessel Ten Broeck, 


Barentje Vollewever (sur- 


styne?), 


Elsje Ten Broeck (now Cuy- 


named Schaats, 


Lambert Jans (Van Alstyne?) 


ler), 
Lambert Van Valkenborgh, 


Facob Teunis Van Schoon- 
derwooert, 


Isaac Jans (Van Alstyne?), 
Dorotche Vosburgh, 


Alida Vintage! (now Viss- 


VTargriet Van Dam, 


Teuntje Jans (Van Alstyne ? 


cher), 
Gysje Vanderheyden (now 


[Jester Harmens (Visscher), 
Willemymtje Nack, 


now Winnen,) 
Manetje Vosburgh, 


Geesje Kip), 
Cornelia Van der Heyden, 
Jan Tysens Hoes (i.e., Goes?) 


Sara Chyler (now Van Anna Vosburgh, 
Brugge), Geertruy Sickles, 
Maria Sanders Xnow Rose- Est Bancker, 


Styntje Hoes, 
Jochum Lamberts (Van Val- 


boom), 
Gerritje Costers (now Rose- 


Elizabeth Bancker (an Abeel 
his wife), 


kenburgh), 


boom), 


David Christiaans, 


Eva Jochum (his wife, da. 


Alida Everts (nowOothout), 


Abraham Isaacks, 


of Vrowman), 


Paulus Martens Van Ben- 


Anna Sickels, 


Pieter Vosburgh, 


thuysen, 


Cornelia Van Male, 


Jannetje Pieters (Vosburgh), 
Geertruyt Vosburgh, 


Wouter Pieters Quake'. bosch 
Pieter Hendricke De Hass, 


Johannes Schuyler, 
Margriet Schuyler, 


Mara Jacobs (now VanVech- 


Pieter Tomes Mingaal, 


Cornelia Vroman, 


ten), 
Jan Martens, 


Helena Byvang, 
Rebecca Claes (Groesbeck? 


Lysbeth Lansing (now Bratt), 
Judick Marselis (wife of Lu- 


Pirchje Jans (his wife), 


now Van Schaak), 


cas Lucasy), 



100 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 



Andries Hans Huyck, 
Catryn Andries (a Van Val. 


Tester Davids, 
iVeyntje Fransen (Clauw?), 


Jrietje Takel, 
Barbar Jans (wife of Gerrit 


kenburgh his wife), 


Fudick (Jans) Van Housen, 


Rikse), 


Cornelia Tys (Goes?), 


rlenderick Van Renssalaer, 


Elsje Wendell (now Slaats), 


Geertruy Jans Witbeck (now 


Foseph Jans, 


annetje Oothout (Van 


wife of Bareut Gerritsen), 


Jan Fondaas, 


Schaack). 


Marretje Hendericks (now 


Vlarretje Van Petten (now 


September 17th, 1692. 


Schermerhorn), 


Van Allen), 


3anastasji (Indian), 


Ariaantje Gerrits, 


Catelyntje Van Petten (now 


Jerrit Rosenboom, 


Lyntje Winne (now Witbeek] 


Van Vechten), 


'ieter Verbrugge, 


Lysbeth Roseuboom (now 


Margriet Hans (now Viss- 


Stephanus Groesbeeck. 


Van Deusen), 


cher), 


December 23d, 1692. 


Johanna Bratt (now Kete- 


Henderick Van Dyck, 


lenderik (Indian). 


luyn), 


Abraham Schuyler, 


April 13th, 1693. 


Henderikje Van Schoonho- 


Cornelia Van Olinda, 


Antoni Coster, 


ven (now Poppi), 


Arieenije Van der Heyden. 


Johannes Gerrits (Van Vech- 


Ariaantje Van Schoonhoven, 


On July llth, 1690, the fol- 


ten), 


Frans Pieters Clauw, 


lowing Indians : 


larten Winnen, 


Elsje Fransen Clauw, 


Paulus, 


VI elchert Vanderpoel, 


Adam Dingman, 


Laurens, 


Elizabeth Kreigir, 


Geertje Martens, 


Maria. 


Tryntje Wendell (now Mil- 


Geertruy Ten Broeck (now 


On October 22d, 1091, the 


lington,) 


Schuyler), 


following Indians : 


Veeltje Schermerhorn (now 


Anna de Peyster, 


David, 


Ten Eyck), 


Annetje Gerrits, 


Rebecca, 


Elizabeth Ten Brock (now 


Eytje Pieters, 


Lydia. 


Coster), 


Caatje Bleycker (now Cuy- 


At the same time the fol- 


Katrine Nack, 


ler), 


lowing persons: 


Jeertruy Van Benthuysen 


Eva Vinhagel (now Beek- 
rnan), 


Sara Harmens (Visscher), 
Marretje Gerrits, 


(now Becker), 
Maria Van der Poel (of Neo- 


Willem Jacobs (Van Deusen} 


Jannetje Blyker, 


borum), 


James Willet, 


Marritje Vanhagel, 


Dornelis (Indian), 


Maria Wendell, 


Anna Coster, 


Claas Jans. 


Abraham Kip, 


On March 24th, 1692, the 


October 25th, 1693. 


Henderick Greefradt, 


following Indians: 


Fohannes Harmens (Viss- 


Johannes Pruyn, 


Isak, 


cher), 


Jan Jans Post, 


Rachel, 


VIoeset (Indian), 


Johannes Bratt, 


Rebecca, 


Harta do. 


Huybert Gerrits, 


Eunice, 


Sara do. 


Rut Melcherts, 


At the same time the fol- 


Fose do. 


Cornelis Gerrits, 


lowing persons: 


April 6th, 1694. 


Anna Sanders, 


Meindert Schuyler, 


Dieter Hogenboom, 


Maria Van Renssalaer (now 


Jacobus Van Dyck, 


Fohannes Kip, 


Schuyler), 


Johannes Rvkman, 


Jacobus Van Schoonhoven, 


Jacomyntje Vile, 


Willem Van Allen, 


3eertruy Van Schoonhoven, 


Mayken Oothout (wife of 


Tammus Noxen, 


Jecominlye Van Schoonho- 


Thomas Harmensen, Jr. ?) 


Luthers Jans ( Witbeck), 


ven (now Van Deusen), 


Coatje Melcherts (Van der 


Andries Douw, 


Geertje Willems, 


Poel ? now Witbeck), 


Pieter Lucas Koeyman, 


Anna Bogardus, 


Jannetje Cobus, 


Debora Staats (now Rose- 


Lydia Ten Brock, 


Rachel Melcherts (Van der 


boom), 


Lysbeth Slingerlandt, 


Poel?), 


Elsje Rutgers (now Schuy- 


Christine Pruvn, 


Cornelia Coljer, 


ler), 


Catelyntje Schuyler (now 


Catarine Van Allen (now Van 


Maria Banker, 


Abeel), 


der Poel), 


Anna Gansevoort, 


Susanna Wendell. 


Nelletje Quakelbosch, 


Christina Ten Broek, 


Claartje Brott, 


Francyntje Hendericks. 


Antje Van der Heyden, 


Elsje Hans, 


Geertruy Hoogenboom, 


Murietje Pruyn (wife of El- 


Jannelje Swart (now Van 


Neeltje Slingerlandt, 


bert Gerretsen, 


der Zee), 


Engletje Lives, 


Rachel Cuyler (now Schuy- 


Alida Fondaas (now Van 


Geertruy Jans, 


ler), 


Vechten), 


Margriet Brickers, 


Tryntje Rykman, now Breese 


Hester Fondas (wife of John 


Susanna Lansing, 


Marritje Loakermau (no\v 


Dircksen), 


Hermen Rutgers, 


Fonda), 


Lysbeth Jans, 


Cornelia Van Vreedenburch 


Marritje Bogardus (now Van 


Geertje Quakelbosch (now 


(now Van Yselsteyu), 


Vechte.n), 


Groesbeck). 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 



101 



July 6th, 1694. 
Gideon (Indian), 
Alida do. 

December 26th, 1694. 
Meellje Van Bergen (now 

Douvv), 

Dirk Van der Heyden, 
David Schuyler, 
Margriet (Indian), 
Eva do. 

Maria do. 

Elsje do 

January 20th, 1695, of Kin- 

derhook. 
Arieentje Barents (wife of 

Pieter Martens), 
Robbert Teuis (VanDeusen) : 
Johannes Van Allen. 

March 21st, 1095. 
Thomas Harmens (Hun?), 
Hendrick Hans, 
Tarn Williams. 
Agneetje Gansevoort (his wif< 
Franz Winne, 
Elsje Gansevoort (Winnen), 
Claas Sivers, 
Albert Rykmen, 
Gerrit Ryks, 
Rachel Winne (of Schenec 

tady), 

Hendrik Pruyne, 
Tryntje Cnrnelis (wife of 

Pieter Waldroa), 
Sara Foreest, 
Claartje Quakelbosch (wif< 

of Dirk Take! sen), 
Annelje Hogenboom, 
Rachel Slingerlandt, 
Maria Wendell, 
Dewertje Van Petten, 
Anna Van Petten (wife o 

Claas Siversend,) 
Daniel Bratt, 
Pieter (Indian), 
Joseph do. 
Tierk do. 
Agniet do. 
Lea do. 
Susanna do. 

December 25th, 1695. 
Cornelis Bogardus, 
Brant (Indian), 
Jacob do. 

January 22d, 1696. 
Jan Teuwis (Van Deusen), 
Marrietje (Van Deusen) 



aurens Claas (VanSchaick) 
atelynlje Teuwi.s, 
innetje Joehums (wife of 
Isaac Jans). 

April 9lh, 1696. 
[yndert Rosenboom, 
bram Lansing, 
atrine Staat (now Schayk). 
aartje Brats (wife of Rey- 
nier Mynderts). 
nna Glen (now Wendell), 
laria Salisburry, 
[ayken Van Esch (now 

Wendell), 
targreetje Pels, 
aartje Van Deusen. 

June 26th, 1696 
ntoni (Indian), 
torcas do. 
larent do. 
latrine do. 

September 18th, 1696. 
ohamies (Indian), 
Arem do. 

April 1st, 1697. 
I ayken Van Esch (now On 

derkerck), 
Innetje Schaats, 
Margriet Ryks, 
Slizbeth Lansing (now Groes 

beck), 
Susanna Wendell (now 

Wyngaard), 
largriet Schuyler (no 

Livingston), 
Catrena Van Schayk (no\ 

Quakkenbosch). 

December 27th, 1697. 
Sara Van Allen, 

January 13th, 1698. 
Guysbert Scharp, 
Hendrik Jans (Witbeck), 
Sara Jans (Witbeck), 
Marritje Jans (Witbeck), 

April 21st, 1698. 
Hagar (Indian), 
Jacomine do. 
Luycas Lucas (VanHookerl 
Solomon Cornels (Van Vec" 

ten), 

Hasuera Marselis, 
Maas Ryks, 
Harman Rykman, 
Robbert Levingston, Jr., 
Margriet Levingston, 
Margriet Van Trigt, 



argriet Blyker, 

argriet Harmens, 

atelina Wendell (now 

Schuyler), 

eeltje Gerrits, 

rkje Winne, 

ara Marselis, 

:arrhje Roelofs (Kidni), 

elena Pruyn, 

ammertje Lokerman (Oot- 

hout). 

inuary 8th, 1699, from Kiu- 
derhook. 

st Van Allen, 

lephenas Van Allen, 

[anuel Van Schaack, 

ysbeth Arnoutse Van Eli. 
April 6lh, 1699. 

leyer Gerrits. 

acobus Schuyler, 

idries Nack, 
Hendrick Douw, 

an Jans Van. Aarnen, 

Vouter Quakelbosch (mar- 
ried Cornelia, da. of Law- 
rence Bogert), 

ilatthyse Nak, 

ilaria Verplank, 

Geertje Gerrits (Van den 
Bergh), 

.ysbeth Gansevoort, 

largriet Rykman, 

jysbeth Viele (from Neobo. 
rum), 

lelena Fonda, 

Antje Quakelbosch, 

osina Maas (Van Buren?), 

-Jillitje Gansevoort, 

Vlaria Quakelbosch, 

>Ieeltje Marinus, 

Elachel Douw, 

Cornelia Quakelbosch, 

Anna Pruyn, 

Canastasji (Indian). 

September 8th, 1699. 

Jonathan Braadhorst. 
January 5th, 1700. 

Susanna Wendells. 

May 8th, 1700. 

Claes Fonda, 

Daniel Winnen, 

Isack Ouderkerck, 

Lysbet Wendell, 

Mary Ingolsbie, 

Rachel Bogardus, 

Susanna Trujex. 



Patent of Church Pasture. Thomas Dongan, Captain Generll and 
Governour in Chief in &. over y e Province of New Yorke & Territoryes 
Depending thereon in America under his most sacred Majesty James 
y e Second by y e Grace of God King of England Scotland France and 
Ireland Defender of y e faith &c To all to whom this presents shall 
come sendeth greeting Whereas by virtue of a certaine Deed of Bar- 
gaine & Sale from ye Mayor Aldermen & Commonalty of y citty of Al 



102 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

bany bearing Date ye first day of November in ye third year of his said 
Majestyus Reigne &. in y e year of our Lord one thousand six hundred 
f-ighty & Seaven GodfriJus Dellius of ye said Citty Clerk stands seized 
in his owne Right and to his own use of an Estate of Inheritance in fee 
simple of & in a certain Piece or Parcell of Land commonly called or 
known by ye JVame of ye Pasture Scituate Lyeing and being to the South- 
ard of ye said Citty nere ye place where ye old Fort stood and extended 
along Hudsons River till it comes over against y e most Northerly Point 
of ye Island Commonly Called Martin Garritsons Island haveing to 
y e East Hudsons River to ye South ye Manor of Rensselaerswyck to 
y e West ye highway Leading to ye towne ye Pasture late in ye tenure 
and occupacon of Martin Garrittse & ye Pasture late in ye tenure and 
occupacon of Casp r Jacobs to y e North y e several pastures late in y e 
tenure & occupacion of Robert Sanders Myndart Harmanse & Evert 
Wendall & ye several Gardens late in ye tenure & occupacon of Dirick 
VVesselJs Killian Van Renslaer & Abraham States together with all and 
singular ye Profits Commodityes & Apputences whatsoever to the said 
Pasture Piece or Parcell Land & Premissess or any part or parcell 
thereof belonging or in any wise Appurtaineing or to or with y e same now 
or at any time heretofore belonging or used Occupied or Enjoyed as Part 
or Parcell or Member thereof & whereas ye said Goodfridus Dellius has 
made his request unto me yt I would on ye behalfeof his Majesty grant 
& confirm unto him ye said Goodfridus Dellius his Heirs and Assigns 
y e before mencoried Pasture Piece or Parcell of Land & Premisses with 
y e Appurtences Know y ee y* by virtue of my Commission & Authority 
from his most sacred Majesty 8c Power in me being and Residing in Con- 
sideracon of ye Acquit Kent or Chiefe Rent herein after Reserved and 
other Good & Lawful Consideratonsme thereunto moving I have Given 
Granted & confirmed and by these presents Do hereby Give Grant & 
Confirm unto ye said Godfridus Dellius his Heirs & Assigns forever 
all yt ye before Recited Pasture Piece or Parcell of Land & Premissess 
with all and every y e Hereditaments and Appurtenances to have and 
hold all yt ye said Pasture Piece or Parcell of Land & Premissess with 
all and singular ye Herditaments & Appurtenances to y e said Godfridus 
Dellius his heirs and Assigns forever to y e only Proper use and behoofe 
of him ye said Godfridus Dellius his Heirs and Assigns forever to bee 
holden of his most sacred Majesty his Heirs and Successors in free and 
Comon Soccage According to yQ tenure of East Greenwich in y county 
of Kent in his Majestys Realme of England Yielding Rendering and 
Paying therefore Yearly and every Yeare to his said Majesty his Heirs 
and Successors forever as a Quitt Rent one shilling Good and Lawful! 
Mony of this Province att Albany to be paid to such officer or officers 
as from time to time shall be empowered to Receive the same in Leew 
& Stead of all Services Dues and Demands whatsoever in testimony 
whereof I have Signed these Presents with my hand Writing Caused 
ye same to be recorded in ye Secretary's Office & y e Scale of this his 
Majestey's Province to be hereunto affixed this thirtieth Day of July in 
y e fourth yeare of his Ma ties Reigne and in y e Yeare our Lord 1688. 

THOMAS DONGAN. 

May itt please yo r Excy the Attorney Gener* 1 has Perused this Grant 
& finds nothing therein contained Prejudiciall to his Majestyes Interest 

Exxd July ye 30 : 1688 W. NICOLLS, 






Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 103 

City Records. Among the records in the City Hall, are three volumes 
in Dutch, written generally in a good character, embracing about thirty 
years of the close of the seventeenth century, in which are frequent 
allusions to church matters, coming under the notice of the council. 
Some of the city authorities procured the translation of these records a 
few years ago, but the work was very imperfectly done, in an abridged 
or mutilated form. Being unable to read the originals, we have copied 
a few items from the translated volume. 

1676. A request of the consistory of Kingston, that Dominie Schaats 
might come over to administer the Lord's supper and baptism, which 
was denied because Dominie Schaats was a settled minister, but if they 

wanted Dominie Rensselaer would agree thereto Dominie Van Rens- 

selaer preferred a complaint against Jacob Lesler and Jacob Milborne, 
for slandering his orthodoxy and ridiculing his preaching and the talents 
graciously bestowed on him by the Lord &c. &c., requests consequently 
that it may please the court to give a verdict about this matter as will 
be most convenient with the truth and justice, and also with the welfare 
of Christ in the city Mandate of his excellency the governor gene- 
ral to the court to do their utmost endeavors to prevent, to smooth 
and to remove the divers disputes arisen between the pastors and some 
of the members of the Reformed Dutch Church Reconciliation be- 
tween Dominie Van Rensselaer, Jacob Lesler and Jacob Milborne, 
also between Dominie Schaats and some members of the consistory, 
whereby all the former disputes and ecclesiastical discords are thrown 
in the fire of love. 

Feb., 1677. Proclamation was made prohibiting all misdemeanors 
which have often occurred here on Shrove Tuesday, viz,: riding at a 

goose, cat, hare and ale, &c., on a penalty of/25 seawan Order 

of the court to prevent and punish severely the shameful violation of 
the sabbath especially committed by the inhabitants of Kinderhook, and 
the appointment of Jochem Lambertse deputy sheriff strictly to attend 
to it. 

1678. Captain Philip Schuyler complains about it being refused to 
Dominie N. Van Rensselaer by the consistory to take his seat in the 
usual pastor's pew with the elders Resolved and ordered that Cap- 
tain Philip have a suitable seat in the church, behind that of the magis- 
trates. 

Feb., 1679. A. Muir requests in the name of the court and consistory 
of Schenectady, that Dominie Schaats may be sent four Sundays in one 
year to administer the Lord's supper to said place and community, 
which request is granted in so far that Dominie Schaats is allowed to 
go four times in one year to administer the holy sacraments, but not on 
a Sunday, whereas it would be unjust to let the community be here 

without preaching Appeared before the court Dominie Schaats, the 

e^-'er and two deacons, who voluntarily offer to take to their charge the 
rebuilding of the dominie's house, to be in future a suitable dwelling for 

the pn^tor, requesting a deed of conveyance No person may sell 

any footer victuals during the time of service on the Lord's day, but 

after the sermon Proclamation by which is expressly cautioned 

against the violating of the Lord's day as by deplorable experience was 
found that a great deal of the inhabitants were committing Sum- 
moned before the court on request of Dominie G. Schaats and the con- 
sistory of the Reformed Dutch Church, Ida Barents, to be inquired 



104 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

about the slanderous manner in which some of the members of the Lu- 
theran church, and especially a certain Engeltye, the wife of Solomon 
Volktie, should have expressed herself in the presence of said Ida 
Barents, on account of the church and consistory. Appeared before the 
court Engeltje, to whom the accusation was read, whereupon she prayed 
and received pardon, on condition of better behavior in future. 

1631. Petition of the consistory of the Reformed Dutch Church com- 
munity, according to the repealed and earnest solicitation of Dominie 
Schaats, that it would please the court to do their utmost endeavors to 
obtain them a good orthodox pastor for their church, which is favorably 
answered by the court, and resolved in consequence to summon several 
of the principal citizens, in order to know their opinion of the matter. . . . 
May. Whereas, Captain Anthony Brockholst has been pleased to give 
his approbation for the obtainance of a new pastor for the Reformed 
Dutch Church. It is resolved by the court to collect a sum of money of 

the community to defray the expenses of his passage hither Letter 

of Captain Brockholst about the sending of Aneke, the daughter of 
Dominie Schaats with her children to New York to her husband Thps. 
D. Kikebel, and order of the court to said Aneke to depart thither with 

the first opportunity June. Appointment of two elders and two 

deacons to collect the contributions of the members of the community 

for the new appointed pastor Resolved that there shall be written 

to the classis of Amsterdam for the sending of a good orthodox pastor 
for the Reformed Dutch Church of Albany, who will enjoy a yearly 
salary of /800 in beaver, and the contribution in behalf of his passage 
thither, amounts to the sum of /648 beaver, which is deposited with 
Messrs. J. H. Van Baal, Richard Van Rensselaer and Abel De Wolff, 

to be used for said purpose Dec. The sheriff, ex officio, claims of 

Jan Van Loon /SOU seawan, for a fine having greatly upbraided and 
injured Martin Cornells, who had changed the Roman Catholic religion 
for the Protestant, and calumniated the Protestant church itself by say- 
ins: among other things to Marten, that he had turned from God to the 
devil, on which several witnesses were examined. 

May, 1632. Resolution about making a new gallery in the north side 
of the church, by means of contribution on the community. Contract 

with an architect to build another gallery in the church List of 

twenty four persons who are entitled because of their contributions to 
seats on the new made gallery in the church, as follows: Peter Schuyler 
Philipse, Arent Schuyler, Philip Schuyler, Jr., Johannes Schuyler, Mar- 
tin Geiritsen, Johannes Wendell, Johannes Cuyler, Joachim Staats, 
Levinus Van Schayck, Sybrant Van Schayck, Jacob Lokermans, Robert 
Livingston, Albert Rykman, Martin Cornelise, Claes Van Petton, Dirk 
Wessells, Cornells Teunise, Johannes Janse, Myndert Harmense, Jan 
Stoffolse Abeel, Anthony Van Schayck, Jacob Janse Flodder, Arnout 

Cornelise Viele, Evert Banker Consented that Robert Livingston 

may occupy for himself and his posterity, a seat on the new gallery, as 

a reward for his trouble in getting contributions Resolution of the 

court to write to the commissaries of Schenectady, to get information 
whether it was true that the sabbath could be so dreadfully violated 
there by some Frenchmen, and that such should rather be nourished 
than hindered by the officer, L. Cobes. 

Aug , 1633. Citation of the Reformed Dutch Church to inquire how 
much of them would please to contribute for the salary of the Holland 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 105 

arrived pastor, Dominie Godefrideus Dellius. List of the subscribers 
amounts to /1200 beaver, or 350 pistareens. Determination about 
the just beginning of the ministerial year of Dominie Dellius, and some 
dispositions in the notarial contract made at Amsterdam, the 20th July, 
1682, especially on account of the increase of his yearly salary, in case 
of the death of Dominie Schaats. Information given by Dominie Del- 
lius of his being willing to perform the notarial contract of his duties 

but will be pleased in being paid with Dutch money Disposition on 

account of the yearly salary of Dominie Dellius, being finally fixed at 
the sum of f9QO Dutch money, and also a determination ot Dominie 

Dellius to preach to the community of Schenectady once a month 

Resolution of the court to write a letter of thanksgiving to the classis 
of Amsterdam, on account of their paternal care in sending of the reve- 
rend, godly and deep learned Dominie Godefredius Dellius, and also to 
write a letter of thanks to Richard Van Rensselaer and Abel de Wolff, 
for their exertions Nov. Nomination of four members of the Re- 
formed Dutch Church delivered to the court, to elect two of ihem to be 
church wardens. 

Jlct of Incorporation. George by the Grace of God King of Great 
Britain, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, Sec., to all to whom 
these presents shall come or may concern, sendelh greeting : Whereas our 
loving subjects the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen, Johannes Cuyler, Johan- 
nes Rooseboom, Henrych Van Rensselaer, William Jacobse Van Deu- 
sen, Rutgert Bleecker, Volkert Van Veghten, Myndert Rooseboom and 
Dirck Tienbroock, the present ministers, elders and deacons of the Re- 
formed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, in our province 
of New York, by their humble petition presented to our trusty and well 
beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, president of our council for our pro- 
vince of New York, in council have set forth that the inhabitants of 
Albany, descended of Dutch ancestors, have from the first settlement of 
this province by Christians, hitherto held, used and enjoyed the free 
and undisturbed exercise of their religion and worship in the Dutch 
language, after the manner of the established Reformed Protestant re- 
ligion in Holland, according to the common rules, institutions and church 
government of the national synod of Dort, in Holland, in the year of our 
Lord Christ one thousand six hundred and eighteen, and one thousand 
six hundred and nineteen. And that the said minister, elders and dea- 
cons, and their ancestors and predecessors, at their own charge and 
expense, erected, built and hitherto maintained a church within the city 
of Albany aforesaid, and have dedicated the same to the service and 
worship of Almighty God, situate, lying and being in the high street 
commonly called Yonkers street, nigh the bridge in the city of Albany, 
containing in length on the south side thereof seven rod, three foot four 
inches; on ihe north sideseven rod, three footone inch, Ryland measure, 
and in breadth on the east and west ends, sixty-one foot and five inches, 
wood measure. And are now notonly quietly and peaceably seized and 
possessed of their said church, but are likewise seized of sundry other 
demesnes to and for their sole and only proper use and behoof of their 
said church and congregation, that is to say. one certain messuage or 
tenement and lot of ground in the aforesaid city of Albany commonly 
called the Dutch minister's house, situate, lying and being in the 



i06 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

Brewer's street, on the east side thereof, in the third ward of the said 
city, being in front from the southward to the northward five rod ten 
inches, and behind toward Hudson's river, six rod fifteen inches, Ryland 
measure, and in length from the said street to the city stockadoes, bound- 
ed on the south side by Jan Solomons, and on the north side by that 
of the late Hans Hendrycks and the widow of David Schuyler. Also 
one other certain messuage or tenement and lot of ground, situate, lying 
and being in the city aforesaid commonly called poor house or alms 
house, in the first ward of the said city, bounded on the south by the 
high street that leads to the burying place to the north of Rutten kill, 
and to the east of Harman Rutgers, and to the west by the lot of Garryt 
Bancker, containing in breadth towards the street that leads to the Lu' 
theran church by the said Rutten kill, six rod one foot and the like breadth 
in the rear, and in length on the east side, eight rod and two inches, all 
Ryland measure. Also that certain parcel of land commonly called and 
known by the name of the pasture, situate, lying, and being to the south- 
ward of the city of Albany, near the place where the old fort stood, ex- 
tending along Hudson's river, till it comes over against the most north- 
erly point of the island commonly called Marten Gerrytsen's island, 
having to the east Hudson's river, to the south the manor of Rensselaers- 
wyck, to the west the highway that leads to the city aforesaid, the pas- 
tures now or late in the tenure and occupation of Martin Gerrytsen, and 
the pasture now or late in the tenure or occupation of Casper Jacobs, to 
the north the several pastures late in the tenure and occupation of Robert 
Saunders, Myndert Harmans and Evert Wendell, and the several gardens 
late in the occupation of Dirck Wessells, Killian Van Rensselaer and Abra- 
ham Staats, together with the old highway from Beaver kill to the end of 
Schermerhorn's pasture, adjoining to the same on the west side thereof. 
Also that certain parcel of pasture land situate, lying, and being to the 
southward of the said city, and to the westward of the before mentioned 
pasture, near and about the limits of the said city on the manor of 
Rensselaerswyck, containing in breadth along the wagon way, six and 
twenty rod, and in lensth towards the woods, eight and twenty rod, and 
in breadth towards the woods twenty five rod. And also all that 
certain garden lot of ground situate, lying, and being in the great pas- 
ture, containing in the breadth six rod and five foot, and in length eight 
rod and two foot, and stretching backwards with another small lot of three 
rod and two foot in length, and in breadth one rod and two foot Ryland 
measure; praying that they may by charter or patent under the great 
seal of the province of New York, be incorporated and made one body 
politic in fact and name, and thai they and their successors forever here- 
after, may not only be enabled to use, exercise and enjoy their aforesaid 
privileges, and the free use and exercise of their said religion and wor- 
ship in manner aforesaid, by the name and style of the ministers, elders 
and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of 
Albany, with such other liberties and privileges as have been formerly 
granted to other Reformed Protestant Dutch churches within the pro- 
vince of New York, with variations, additions and commissions, as long 
usage and experience has taught them to be most agreeable to their well 
being and circumstances, but also the grant and confirmation of all those 
their said inheritances and demesns, to hold to them, the said minister, 
elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 107 

of Albany, and to their successors and assigns for ever. We being 
willing to encourage and promote the said pious intentions and the free 
use and exercise of their said reformed protestant religion, to the 
same congregation and their successors for ever, in the said city of 
Albany, know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and 
meer motion, we have given, granted, ratified, and confirmed, and do by 
these presents for us, our heirs and successors for ever, give, grant, 
ratify and confirm unto all the inhabitants of Albany, so as aforesaid 
descended of Dutch ancestors, and professing I he said reformed protest- 
ant religion, and to their successors for ever, the free use and exercise 
of their worship, doctrine, discipline and church government, according 
to the canons, rules, institutions and directions of the Reformed Pro- 
testant Dutch Church in Holland, instituted and approved by the National 
Synod of Dort, and that no person nor persons whatsoever in communion 
of the said Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany aforesaid, or 
at any time or times hereafter, shall be molested, disquieted, or disturbed 
in the free use and exercise of their said religion and worship, they 
behaving themselves peaceably, and not abusing this liberty to licentious- 
ness, profaneness, and the civil injury or outward disturbance of the 
National Church of England, as by law established, or other reformed 
protestant churches in the aforesaid city of Albany. And to the end 
the same liberties and privileges be hereafter for ever supported, main- 
tained, and continued to them and their successors for ever, we of our 
especial grace, certain knowledge and meer motion, do likewise will and 
grant for us, our heirs and successors for ever, unto the same Pelrus Van 
Driessen, the present minister of the same congregation at Albany, 
Johannes Roseboom, Henryck Van Renssalaer, and William Jacobse 
Van Deusen, the present elders of the same church, and unto Rutgeit 
Bleecker, Volkert Van Veghten, Myndert Roseboom, and Dirk Tien- 
broock, the present deacons of the same church, and the inhabitants of 
Albany communicants of the said church, that they be as they are 
hereby created and made one body corporate and politick in fact and 
name, by the name of the minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed 
Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, and that they and their 
successors for ever, shall and may by that name have perpetual suc- 
cession, and be able and capable in the law to sue and be sued, 
plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be 
defended, in all and singular suits, quarrels, controversies, differences, 
strifes, matters and things whatsoever, and in all courts whatsoever, 
either in law or equity, of what kind sover, as also by the same name, 
to have, hold, take, receive, be seized of, possess and enjoy to them 
and their successors forever their said church, parsonage or minister's 
dwelling-house, alms-house, and other their demesnes or inheritances, 
by fee simple, before mentioned, and such other demesnes or inherit- 
ances to purchase and acquire to them and their successors and assigns 
for ever, and by the same name, the same lands, hereditaments and ap- 
purtenances, or any part of them (excepting only the same church); 
to alienate, bargain, sell, grant, demise, sell and to farm-let to any other 
person, or persons, body corporate and politic, whatsoever at their will 
and pleasure, in fee simple for life, or Jives, or for term of years, as to 
them shall seein most convenient and profitable, as any other person or 
persons, body corporate or politic, may or can do, not exceeding the 



108 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

yearly value of three hundred pounds over and above what they now 
stand seized and possessed, or for the common use and benefit of the 
same Dutch Church and of all the members of the same congregation. 
And we do further will and grant that the minister, elders and deacons 
of ihe same church, for the time being, for ever hereafter, be the con- 
sistory of the same church, and shall and may have, keep and use a 
common seal to serve for all grants, matters and things, whatsoever be- 
longing to the same corporation, with such device or contrivance thereon 
as they or their successors for ever shall think fit to appoint, with full power 
to break, new make and alter the same at their will and discretion ; and 
the same consistory shall have and enjoy the like powers and privileges 
as a Dutch consistory in the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Hol- 
land do, or may or ought to use and enjoy. And we do will and grant 
that the same Pefrus Van Driessen be the first minister of the said 
church at the time of this our grant, and the same Johannes Cuyler, 
Johannes Roseboom, Henryck Van Rensselaer and William Jacobse 
Van Deusen, be the first elders of the said church at the time of this 
our grant ; and that the same Rutgert Bleecker, Volkert Van Veghten, 
Mynderi Roseboom and Dirk Tienbroock, be the first deacons of the 
said church at the time of this our grant, to all intents and purposes; 
and that the said ministers, together with the said four elders and four 
deacons, or the minister, elders and deacons for the time being, and the 
major numbers of them whereof the minister for the time being always 
to be one be the consistory of the said church, and have and shall have 
full power and authority, at all time and times for ever hereafter, to act 
in all their church affairs and business, by majority of voices, in as full 
and ample manner as if the minister and all the said four elders and 
four deacons were personally present and did actually and severally 
give their votes. But in case of the death, absence or removal of their 
said minister, then, and in any of these cases, the elders and deacons of 
the same church, for the lime being, or the major number of them, whereof 
the first elder in nomination we will always to be one, and shall preside, 
shall have, use and exercise all the power and authorities of a consis- 
tory to all intents and purposes, and shall manage and order the church 
afiairs in as full and ample manner as if their said minister were alive, 
present and consenting thereunto, any thing in these presents to the 
contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. And we will and 
grant that the same elders and deacons continue in their respective offi- 
ces until the next anniversary election. And the said elders and their 
successors, for ever hereafter, have and shall have the full power and 
authority of receiving and paying the moneys given for the maintenance 
of the minister or ministry of the same church, whether the same arise 
by legacy, donation or voluntary contributions or collection from the in- 
habitants or members of the same congregation, and are to keep exact 
and true accounts to the consistory, when thereunto by them required 
And that the said deacons and their successors for ever hereafter, have 
and shall have the sole power and authority of receiving and paying 
all the moneys collected and offered at the administration of the Holy 
Sacrament of our Lord's Supper, and in church in the times of divine 
icrvice of preaching, for the maintenance of the poor, and are to Keep 
and render exact and true accounts thereof to the consistory aforesaid, 
when thereunto bv them rpnm'red. which election of the same elders 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 109 

and deacons of the same church is to be at Albany on every second Sa- 
turday of December, annually, forever, by majority of voices, of the 
consistory, in the manner following : That is to say, on each second 
Saturday of December, annually for ever at Albany, shall be chosen 
two new elders and two new deacons, who, together with the two elders 
and two deacons last in nomination in this our charter, shall serve for 
the year ensuing in their respective offices, and for ever thereafter, the 
two new ones shall be chosen and added to the younger two elders and 
deacons of the preceding year, so always as to preserve the number 
of four elders and four deacons of the said church. And moreover we do 
will and grant unto the said minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed 
Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and to their successors 
for ever, that on the second Saturday of December next, and on every 
second Saturday of December annually forever herealter at Albany, 
shall be elected and chosen four discreet persons by the majority of 
voices of the consistory aforesaid, to be kirkmasters of the said church, 
whose office and charge is and shall be to bui-d and repair the same 
church and cemetery, parsonage, alms-house, and all other the he- 
reditaments and appurtenances to the said church belonging, and to 
have the ordering and direction of the pews and seats in the said church, 
and the breaking of the ground in the cemetery for burying of the dead, 
and shall have and receive all the rents and revenues of the said 
church, coming therefrom or from any other of the said church's inheri- 
tances ; also, the payments of all sum and sums of money laid out and 
expended, or to be laid out and expended, in such necessary build- 
ings and reparations of all which the said kirkmasters are likewise 
to keep and surrender exact and true accounts to the said consis- 
tory aforesaid, two of which four kirkmaslers last nominated, at the 
next election shall continue in the same office for two years and two 
new ones yearly for ever hereafter, to be elected and chosen to 
serve with the two predecessors in like manner as with the elders 
and deacons aforesaid and not otherwise. And it is our will and 
desire that the two elders, two deacons and Iwo kirkmasters, who shall 
be superseded by a new annual election of two others to succeed in their 
respective places, shall account and deliver up their several respective 
charges and moneys to their successors respectively, if any thereof be 
in their hands and possession, respectively in public manner. And we 
do likewise will and grant that the said kirkmasters shall be under the 
direction of the said consistory for the time beins. And in case there 
shall not be enough in the hands either of the elders, deacons or kirk- 
masters, for the performing and finishing of any of their respective 
charges and trust of their particular respective funds before mentioned, 
which they be hereby respectively impowered to receive and manage, 
that then it shall and may le lawful to and for the consistory aforesaid, 
to order and direct the lending of what sum shall be necessary out of 
any of the aforesaid funds towards deficiency of any other of the said 
funds, so that there be no failure of any of the same three several charges 
or trusts upon any unforseen contingency or emergency. And we do 
likewise will and grant lhat in all elections of officers or other acts or 
orders of the consistory the minister or president of the consistory shall 
have but one vote. And if it shall happen there be an equal division of 
the voices or votes, so that the matter, or thing in dispute cannot receive 

10 



110 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

the determination of a majority of voices, that then it shall and may 
be lawful to determine the same by lot. leaving it to the sole wisdom of 
God to determine the same as he shall think fit. And we do likewise 
will and grant that it shall be in fhe power of the minister of the said 
church, for the time being, by himself or in case of his death, absence or 
removal, in the president or firsi elder who shall preside for the time being, 
or in the power of the major number of the whole consistory for the 
lime being, to call a meeting of the consistory for the good and service 
of the said church, and the affairs of the said corporation, whensoever 
they shall see meet within the said ciiy of Albany ; and in case it shall 
please God that any of the said elders, deacons or kirkmasters, for the 
lime being, shall happen to die, remove, or otherwise be disabled from 
serving and officiating in their respective offices, within the year for 
which they are so chosen or appointed to serve ; we do will and grant 
that it shall and may be lawful to the consistory, for the time being, to 
assemble and meet together at Albany, at any other time of the year 
than the lime of anniversary election, and so often as there shall be oc- 
casion to elect and choose other elders, deacons and kirkmasters in their 
respective rooms and stead, to officiate for the remaining part of the 
year until the next anniversary election ; which person or persons so 
chosen as aforesaid into any of the aforesaid offices of elders, deacons 
or kirkmaster, shall have like power and authority to act in their re- 
spective offices as if they had been elected and c atirmed at the afore- 
said time of the anniversary election aforesaid, or as if the same per- 
sons so dying, being absent or otherwise disabled, were alive, present 
and capable to do the same ; and we do will and grant unto the said 
minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church 
in the city of Albany, and to their successors for ever, the advowson 
and patronage of the said church; (that is to say ) lhat after the decease 
of the aforesaid Petrus Van Driessen, or next and all other avoidances 
thereof, lhat it shall and may be lawful to and for the elders and dea- 
cons of the aforesaid church or Ihe consistory of the aforesaid church 
and Iheir successors for ever, to presenl and call another minister to 
succeed in th? ture of souls in the aforesaid church and congregation of 
the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, provided 
always such minister, so called or presented by them to the said living, 
be always a person amenable to the laws of Great Britain and this Pro- 
vince, and pay due obedience and allegiance unto us and our royal heirs 
and successors, the kings and queens of Great Britain. And thai il 
shall and may be lawful to and for the presenl minister or incumbent 
of Ihe said church and his successors, or any of them lo have, lake, receive 
and keep for his end and Iheir own use and support, thai maintenance 
that now is or shall be agreed upon between him or them and Ihe said 
consislory from time to time, and at all times hereafter. And il shall 
and may be lawful lo and for the said elders of the same church, and 
Iheir successors for ever, lo collect and receive the voluntary subscrip- 
lions of Ihe inhabilanls of Albany, belonging lo Ihe said congregation, 
for and towards the paymenl of Iheir said minisler, or Iheir minister for 
the lime being, and to pay and cause to be paid unto the said minister 
and his successor, the minister of the said church, for the time being, 
his yearly stipend or salary, according to agreement, by quarterly even 
payments thereof, or otherwise, as it shall be agreed upon by and be- 
tween Ihem, Ihe said minisler of ihe said church and Ihe aforesaid con- 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. Ill 

sistory. And we do will and grant that the said deacons of the said 
church, and their successors for ever, shall and may lawfully and peace- 
ably, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, at the meeting of 
the said congregation for the public service and worship of Almighty 
God, to collect and receive the free and voluntary alms and oblations of 
the members of the said congregation, and the free and voluntary offer- 
ings made by the communicants at their receiving of the holy sacrament 
of the Lord's Supper for the uses aforesaid, and to dispose thereof for 
the pious and charitable uses aforesaid. And we do will and grant that 
the kirkmasters aforesaid, and their successors for ever, shall and may 
from time to time, and at all times hereafter, and so often as it shall be 
necessary, shall and may demise, grant, and to farm let, of the demesnes 
of the said church, demisable and grantable to nnd for the profit and 
advantage of the said church, and receive and collect the rents and reve- 
nues arising therefrom, or otherwise, and apply the same for and 
towards the buildings and reparations of the said church and parsonnge, 
and other the hereditaments belonging to the said minister, elders and 
deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, 
and such other uses as are proper and necessary, provided always that 
the said elders, deacons and kirkmasters in their separate offi:es, be 
always accountable to and under the direction of the consistory of the 
said church for the time being, and not otherwise. And we do further 
will and grant that it shall and may be in the power of the consistory 
of the said church, and their successors for ever, if they shall agree 
thereupon, ?.nd find themselves able and capable of mantaining him at 
any time or times hereafter, to nominate and call one or more able and 
sufficient minister, lawfully ordained according to the constitution afore- 
said, in all things to assist and officiate in the ministry which doth 
belong to the sacred office and function of a minister of the gospel in 
the said church, provided always that there be no preheminency or su- 
periority in that office, and not otherwise. And we do likewise will and 
grant to the said minister, elders, and deacons of the Reformed Pro- 
testant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, and their successors for 
ever, that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the consistory of the 
said church, to nominate and appoint a clerk or precentor, schoolmaster, 
sexton, bellringer, and such and so many other officers and servants of 
the same church, as they shall think convenient and necessary, and to 
call them by the same or what other names they shall think fit. And 
vye do will and grant that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the con- 
sistory of the said church, and their successors from time to lime, and 
at all times hereafter, to make rules, orders, and ordinances for the 
better discipline and goveinment of the said church, provided always 
that such rules, orders, and ordinances shall not be binding, nor effect 
any other of our reformed protestant subjects within the same city, than 
the voluntary members of their said congregation, and be no ways re- 
pugnant to our laws of Great Britain and of this colony, but agreeable 
to the articles of faith and worship agreed upon rnd instituted by the 
National Synod at Dort, aforesaid. And further of our especial grace, 
certain knowledge and meer motion, we have given, granted, ratified, 
and confirmed unto the aforesaid minister, elders, and deacons of the 
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and to their 



112 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

successors and assigns for ever, all that their said church and ground 
whereon it standeth, their said parsonage or minister's dwelling house, 
with its herditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or any 
ways appertaining, and all the alms house or poor house aforesaid, all 
that the pasture or pastures, and all other the premises aforesaid, to- 
gether with all and singular edifices, buildings, gardens, orchards, back- 
sides, wells, ways, hollows, cellars, passages, privileges, liberties, profits, 
advantages, hereditaments, and appurtenances whatsoever, to all and 
every of them belonging, or in any ways appertaining. And all that 
our estate, right, title, interest, properly and demand of, into or out of 
the same or any part of any of them, and the revertions, remainders, 
and the yearly rents and profits of the same, saving only the right and 
title of any other person or persons, body corporate and politick what- 
soever, to any of the premises hereby granted, or meant, mentioned, 
and intended to be hereby granted, or to any of them, to have and to 
hold, all that their said church and ground parsonage or minister's dwell- 
ing house, alms house or poor house, pasture or pastures, and all and 
singular other the premises with their and every of their heridiatnients 
and appurtenances unto the aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the 
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, their succes- 
sors and assigns for ever, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and 
behoof of the aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed 
Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and their successors 
and assigns for ever, (save only as before is saved and expressed) to be 
holden of us, our heirs and successors for ever, free and common soccage 
as of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within our 
realm of Great Britain, yielding, rendering and paying therefore, 
yearly and every year, for ever unto us, our heirs and successors for 
ever, at our custom house in New York, unto our and their receiver 
general for the time being, on the feast day of the Annunciation of the 
Blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called Lady Day, the annual rent of 
one pepper corn, if the same be lawfully demanded, in lieu and stead of 
all other rents, services, dues and duties and demands whatsoever, for 
the same church parsonage, alms house, pastures, and all other the above 
granted premises, with the heriditaments and appurtenances. And we 
do hereby will and grant unto the aforesaid minister, elders, and dea- 
cons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, 
and to their successors for ever, that these our letters shall be made 
patent, and that they and the record of them remaining in our secretary's 
office of our province of New York, shall be good and effectual in the 
law to all intents and purposes whatsoever, according to the true intent 
and meaning of them, and shall be construed, reputed, esteemed and 
adjudged in all cases most favorable for the benefit and behoof of the 
aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch 
Church in the city of Albany and of their successors forever, notwith- 
standing the not true and well reciting of the premises, or of the limits 
and bounds of any of them, or any part of them, any law or other 
restraint, incertainty or imperfection whatsoever to the contrary thereof 
in any way notwithstanding. In testimony whereof we have caused 
the great seal of our province of New York to be affixed to these pre- 
sents, and the same to be entered of record in one of the books of pa- 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 113 

tents in our said secretary's office remaining. Witness our said trusty 
and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, president of our council at 
Fort George, the 10th day of August, in the 7th year of our reign, anno 
domini 1720. 

John Henry Lydius. The council of the province in 1747, brought 
serious charges against John Henry Lydius, son of the dominie, alleging 
that he was a person of desperate fortunes; that he had resided several 
years in Canada, married a woman there of the Romish church, after 
having abjured the protestant religion, and that his intrigues, together 
with other popish emissaries, had tended to alienate the friendship of 
the Indians and perplex the administration. 

Rev. Mr. Frelinghuysen. A regiment came to town about this time, 
the superior officers of which were younger, more gay, and less amen- 
able to good counsel than those who used to command the troops, which 
had formerly been placed on this station. They paid their visits at the 
Flats,* and were received; but not as usual, cordially; neither their 
manners nor morals being calculated for that meridian. Part of the 
Royal Americans, or independent companies, had at this time possession 
of the fort; some of these had families: and they were in general per- 
sons of decent morals, and a moderate and judicious way of thinking, 
who, though they did not court the society of the natives, expressed no 
contempt for their manners or opinions. The regiment I speak of, on 
the contrary turned those plain burghers into the highest ridicule, yet 
used every artifice to get acquainted with them. They wished in short 
to act the part of very fine gentlemen; and the gay and superficial in 
those days were but too apt to take for their model the fine gentleman 
of the detestable old comedies. These dangerously accomplished heroes 
made their appearance at a time when the English language began to 
be more generally understood ; and when the pretensions of the mer- 
chants, commissaries, &c., to the stations they occupied were no longer 
dubious. Those polished strangers now began to make a part of gene- 
ral society. At this crisis it was that it was found necessary to have 
recourse to billets. The superior officers had generally been either re- 
ceived at the Flats, or accommodated in a large house which the colonel 
had in town. The manner in which the hospitality of that family was 
exercised, the selection which they made of such as were fitted to asso- 
ciate with the young persons who dwelt under their protection, always 
gave a kind of tone to society, and held out a light to others. 

MadameSchuyler's sister was married to the respectable and intelligent 
magistrate, f who administered justice not only to the town, but to the 
whole neighborhood. In their house, slso, such of the military were 

' The residence of the Schuylers. 

t Cornelius Cuvlcr, mayor of Albany, who had been a most successful Indian trader 
in his youth, and had acquired large possessions, and carried on an extensive commer- 
cial intprcourae with the traders of that dav, brineing from Kurope quantities of those 
goods that best suited them, and pending back their peltry in exchange ; he was not only 
wealthy, but hospitable, intelligent, and liberal minded, as appeared by his attachment 
to the army; which was, in those days, the distinguishing feature of those who in know- 
ledge and candor were beyond others. [It will be seen by reference to tho list of mayors 
of Albany, pnge "23, that the authoress has committed a mistake in the name of this per- 
son, Mrs. Grant returned to England in 1768, when but 13 years of age, and there was 
no mayor of the name during her residence in America.] 



114 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

received and entertained, as had the sanction of her sister's approbation. 
This judicious and equitable person, who in the course of trading in 
early life upon the lakes, had undergone many of the hardships, and 
even dangers, which awaited the military in that perilous path of duty, 
knew well what they had to encounter in the defence of a surly and 
self-righted race, who were little inclined to show them common indul- 
gence; far less gratitude. He judged equitably between both parties; 
and while with the most patriotic steadiness he resisted every attempt 
of the military to seize any thing with a high hand, he set the example 
himself, and used every art of persuasion to induce his countrymen to 
every concession that could conduce to the ease and comfort of their 
protectors. So far at length he succeeded, that when the regiment to 
which I allude arrived in town, and showed in general an amiable and 
obliginsr disposition, they were quartered in different houses; the supe- 
rior officers being lodged willingly by the most respectable of the in- 
habitants, such as not having large families, had room to accommodate 
them. The ColonpJ and Madame happened, at the time of these ar- 
rangements, to be at New York. 

In the meanwhile society began to assume a new aspect; of the satel- 
lites, which on various pretexts, official and commercial, had followed 
the army; several had families, and those began to mingle more fre- 
quently with the inhabitants, who were as yet loo simple to delect the 
surreptitious tone of lax morals and second-handed manners, which pre- 
vailed among many of those who had but very lately climbed up to the 
stations they held, and in whose houses the European modes and diver- 
sions were to be met with; these were not in the best style, yet even in 
that style they began to be relished by some young persons, with whom 
the power of novelty prevailed over that of habit; and in a few rare in- 
stances, the influence of the young drew the old into a faint consent to 
these attempted innovations; but with many the resistance was not to 
be overcome. 

In this state of matters, one guardian genius watched over the com- 
munity with unremitting vigi'ance. From the original settlement of 
the place there had been a succession of good quiet clergymen, who 
came from Holland to take the command of this expatriated colony. 
These good men found an easy charge, among a people with whom the 
external duties of religion were settled habits, which no one thought of 
dispensing with; and where the primitive state of manners, and the con- 
stant occupation of the mind in planting and defending a territory where 
every thing was, as it, were, to be new created, was a preservation to 
the morals. Reliaion being never branded with tho reproach of imputed 
hypocrisy, or darkened by the frown of austere bigotry, was venerated 
even by those who were content to glide thoughtless down the stream 
of time, without seriously considering whither it was conveying them, 
till sorrow or sickness reminded them of the great purpose for which 
they were indulged with the privilege of existence. 

The dominies, as these people called their ministers, contented them- 
selves with preaching in a sober and moderate strain to the people; and 
living quietly in the retirement of their families, were little heard of 
but in the pulpit; and they seemed to consider a studious privacy as 
one of their chief duties. Dominie Frelinghuysen, however, was not 
contented with this quietude, which he seemed to consider as tending to 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 115 

languish into indifference. Ardent in his disposition, eloquent in his 
preaching, animated and zealous in his conversation, and frank and 
popular in his manners, he thought it his duty to awaken in every breast 
that slumbering spirit of devotion, which he considered as lulled by se- 
curity, or drooping in the meridian of prosperity, like tender plants in 
the blaze of sunshine. These he endeavoured to refresh by daily ex- 
hortation, as well as by the exercise of his public duties. Though rigid 
in some of his notions, his life was spotless, and his concern for his 
people warm and affectionate; his endeavors to amend and inspire 
them with happier desires and alms, were considered as the labor of 
love, and rewarded by the warmest affection, and the most profound 
veneration ; and what to him was of much more value, by a growing soli- 
citude for the attainment of that higher order of excellence which it was 
his delight to point out to them. But while he thus incessantly "al- 
lured to brighter worlds, and led the way," he might perhaps insensibly 
have acquired a taste of dominion, which might make him unwilling to 
part with any portion of that most desirable species of power, which 
subjects to us, not human actions only, but the will which directs them. 

The progress which this regiment made in the good graces of his 
flock, and the gradual assimilation to English manners of a very inferior 
standard, alarmed and grieved the good man not a little; and the intel- 
ligence he received from some of the elders of his church, who had the 
honor of lodging the more dissipated subalterns, clid not administer 
much comfort to him. By this time the Anglomania was beginning to 
spread. A sect arose among the young people, who seemed resolved to 
assume a lighter style of dress and manners, and to borrow their taste 
in those respects from their new friends. This bade fair soon to undo 
all the good pastor's labors. The evil was daily growing ; and what, 
alas, could DomineFrelinghuysen do but preach. 1 This he did earnestly, 
and even angrily, but in vain. Many were exasperated but none re- 
claimed. The good dominie, however, had those who shared his sor- 
rows and resentments; the elder and wiser heads of families, indeed a 
great majority of the primitive inhabitants, were stedfast against inno- 
vation. The colonel of the rigiment, who was a man of fashion and 
family, and possessed talents for both good and evil purposes, was young 
and gay : and being lodged in the house of a very wealthy citizen, who 
had before, in some degree, affected the newer modes of living, so cap- 
tivated him with his good breeding and affability, that he was ready to 
humour any scheme of diversion which the colonel and his associates 
proposed. Under the auspicies of this gallant commander, balls began 
to be concprted, and a degree of flutter and frivolity to take place, which 
was as far from elegance as it was from the honest, artless cheerfulness 
of the meetings usual among them. The good dominie more and more 
alarmed, not content with preaching, now began to prophesy: but like 
Cassandra, or to speak as justly, though less poetically, like his whole 
fraternity, was doomed always "to deliver true predictions to those who 
never heeded them. 

Now the very ultimatum of degeneracy, in the opinion of these simple 
good people, was approachiog; for now the officers, encouraged by the 
success of all their former projects for amusement, resolved to new 
fashion and enlighten those amiable novices whom their former schemes 
bad attracted within the sphere of their influence; and fpr this purpose, 



116 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

a private theatre was fitted up, and preparations made for acting a play; 
except the Schuylers and their adopted family, there was not perhaps 
one of the natives who understood what was meant by a play. And by 
this time, the town, once so closely united by intermarriages and num- 
berless other ties, which could not exist in any other state of society, 
were divided into two factions; one consisting almost entirely of such of 
the younger class, as having a smattering of New York education, and 
a little more of dress and vivacity, or perhaps levity, than the rest, were 
eager to mingle in the society, and adopt the manner of those strangers. 
It is but just, however, to add, that only a few of the more estimable 
were included in this number; these, however, they might have been 
captivated wilh novelty and plausibility, were too much attached to 
their older relations to give them pain, by an intimacy with people to 
whom an impious neglect of duties the most sacred was generally im- 
puled, and whose manner of treating their inferiors, at that distance 
from the control of higher powers, was often such as to justify the im- 
putation of cruelty, which the severity of military punishments had 
given rise to. The play, however, was acted in a barn, and pretty well 
attended, notwithstanding the good dominie's earnest charges to the con- 
trary. It was the Beaux Stratagem; no favorable specimen of the deli- 
cacy or morality of the British theatre; and as for the wit it contains, 
very little of that was level to the comprehension of the novices who 
were there first initiated into a knowledge of the magic of the scene, 
yet they " laughed consumedly," as Scrub says, and actually did so, 
" because they were talking of him." They laughed at Scrub's gestures 
and appearance, and they laughed very heartily at seeing the gay young 
ensigns, whom they had been used to dance with, flirting fans, display- 
ing great hoops, and with painted cheeks and colored eye-brows, sailing 
about in female habiliments. This was a jest palpable and level to 
every understanding; and it was not only an excellent good one, but 
lasted a long while; for every time they looked at them when restored 
to their own habits, they laughed anew at the recollection of their late 
masquerade. 

The fame of these exhibitions went abroad, and opinions were formed 
of them no way favorable to the actors or to the audience. In this re- 
gion of reality, where rigid truth was always undisguised, they had not 
learned to distinguish between fiction and falsehood. It was said that 
the officers familiar with every vice and every disguise, had not only 
spent a whole night in telling lies in a counterfeited place, the reality of 
which had never existed, but that they were themselves a lie, and had 
degraded manhood, and broke through an express prohibition in scrip- 
ture, by assuming female habits; that they had not only told lies, but 
cursed and swore the whole nisht,and assumed the character of knaves, 
fools, and robbers, which every good and wise man held in detestation, 
and no one would put on unless they felt themselves easy in them. 
Painting their faces, of all other things, seemed most to violate the Al- 
banian ideas of decorum, and was looked upon as the most flasrant 
abomination. Great and loud was the outcry produced by it. Little 
skilled in sophistry, and strangers to all the arts u that make the worse 
appear the better reason," the young auditors could only say "that in- 
deed it was very amusing; made them laugh heartily, and did harm to 
nobody, ?) Q harmless, indeed, and agreeable did this entertainment 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 117 

ippear to the new converts of fashion, that the Recruiting Officer was 
jiven out for another night, to the great annoyance of Mr. Frelinghuy- 
sen, who invoked heaven and earth to witness and avenge this contempt, 
not only of his authority, but, as he expressed it, of the source from 
whence it was derived. Such had been the sanctity of this good man's 
life, and the laborious diligence and awful earnestness with which he 
inculcate 1 the doctrines he taught, that they had produced a corres- 
pondent effect, for the most part, on the lives of his hearers, and led 
them to regard him as the next thing to an evangelist; accustomed to 
success in all his undertakings, and to " honor, love, obedience, troops 
of friends," and all that gratitude and veneration can offer to its most 
distinguished object, this rebellion against his authority and contempt 
of his opinion, (once the standard by which every one's judgment was 
regulated), wounded him very deeply. The abhorrence with which he 
inspired the parents of the transgressors, among whom were many 
young men of spirit and intelligence, was the occasion of some family 
disagreements, a thing formerly scarcely known. Those young people, 
accustomed to regard their parents with implicit reverence, were un- 
willing to impute to them unqualified harshness, and therefore removed 
the blame of a conduct so unusual to their spiritual guide; " and while 
he thought, good easy man, full surely his greatness was a ripening, 
nipt his root." Early one Monday morning, after the dominie had, on 
the preceding day, been peculiarly eloquent on the subject of theatrical 
amusements, and pernicious innovations, some unknown person left 
within his door a club, a pair of old shoes, a crust of black bread, and 
a dollar. The worthy pastor was puzzled to think what this could 
mean; but had it too soon explained to him. It was an emblematic 
message, to signify the desire entertained of his departure. The stick 
was to push him away, the shoes to wear on the road, and the bread 
and money a provision for his journey. Too conscious, and too fond of 
popularity, the pastor languished under a sense of imaginary degrada- 
tion, grew jealous, and thought every one alienated from him, because 
a few giddy young people were stimulated by momentary resentments 
to express disapprobation in this vague and dubious manner. Thus, 
insensibly, do vanity and self-opinion mingle with our highest duties. 
Hai the dominie, satisfied with the testimony of a good conscience, gone 
on in the exercise of his duty, and been above allowing little personal 
resentments to mingle with his zeal for what he thought right, he might 
have felt himself far above an insult of this kind; but he found to his 
cost, that "a habitation giddy and unsure hath he that buildeth on the 
fickle heart" of the unsteady, wavering multitude. 

Madame now returned to town with the Colonel; and finding this 
general disorder and division of sentiments with regard to the pastor, as 
well as to the adoption of new modes, endeavored, with her usual good 
sense, to moderate and heal. She was always of opinion that the in- 
crease of wealth should be accompanied with a proportionate progress 
in refinement and intelligence; but she had a particular dislike to peo- 
ple's forsaking a respectable plainness of dre^s and manners for mere 
imperfect imitation and inelegant finery. Liberal and judicious in her 
views, she did not altogether approve the austerity of the dominie's 
opinions, nor the vehemence of his language; and as a Christian, she 
still less approved his dejection and concern at the neglect or rudeness 



118 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

of a few thoughtless young persons. In vain the Colonel and Madame 
soothed and cheered him with counsel and kindness; night and day he- 
mused on the imagined insult; nor could the joint efforts of the most 
respectable inhabitants prevent his heart from being corroded with the 
sense of imagined unkindness. At length he took the resolution of 
leaving those people so dear to him, to visit his friends in Holland, pro- 
mising to return in a short time, whenever his health was restored, and 
his spirits more composed A Dutch ship happened about this time to 
touch at New York, on board of which the dominie embarked ; but as 
the vessel belonging to Holland was not expected to return, and he did 
not, as he had promised, either write or return in an English ship, his 
congregation remained for a great while unsupplied, while his silence 
gave room for the most anxious and painful conjectures; these were not 
soon removed, for the intercourse with Holland was not frequent or 
direct. At length, however, the sad reality was but too well ascertained. 
This victim of lost popularity had appeared silent and melancholy to 
his shipmates, and walked constantly on deck. At length he suddenly 
disappeared, leaving it doubtful whether he had fallen overboard by 
accident, or was prompted by despair to plunge into eternity. If this 
latter was the case, it must have been the consequence of a temporary 
fit of insanity; for no man had led a more spotless life, and no man was 
more beloved by all that were intimately known to him. He was, in- 
deed, before the fatal affront, which made such an undue impression on 
him, considered as a blessing to the place ; and his memory was so be- 
loved, and his fate so regretted, that this, in addition to some other re- 
currences falling out about the same time, entirely turned the tide of 
opinion, and rendered the thinking as well as the violent party, more 
averse to innovations than ever. Had the Albanians been Catholics, 
they would probably have canonized Mr. Frelinghuysen, whom they 
considered as a martyr to levity and innovation. He prophesied a great 
deal; such prophecy as ardent and comprehensive minds have delivered, 
without any other inspiration but that of the sound, strong intellect, 
which augurs the future from a 3omparison with the past, and a rational 
deduction of probable consequences. The affection that was entertained 
for his memory, induced people to listen to the most romantic stories of 
his being landed on an island and become a hermit; taken up into a 
ship when floating on the sea, into which he had accidentally fallen, and 
carried to some remote country, from which he was expected to return, 
fraught with experience and faith. I remember some of my earliest re- 
veries to have been occupied by the mysterious disappearance of this 
hard-fated prstor Mrs. Grant's American Lady, p. 170, d seq. 

A rumor, not well authenticated, was common among the people, that 
he embarked, on his return, in the same vessel with the person appoint- 
ed to supersede him. and when made acquainted with the fact, very soon 
disappeared, and was supposed to have thrown himself into the sea. 

Rev. Eilardus Westerlo.This divine was born in the province of 
Groeninsen, Holland, in 1738, and received a thorough university edu- 
cation. It was still a custom with the American churches to send to 
Holland for ministers to supply their pulpits ; and in answer to the re- 
quisition of the church at Albany for a pastor, Mr. Westerlo, who was 
then at the University of Groeningen, was induced to accept the call, 



Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 119 

He arrived here in 1760, and entered upon the pastoral charge in Octo- 
ber of that year, having been previously installed in Holland. He 
proved to be a man of great powers of mind, extensive erudition, and 
became one of the most eminent ministers of the Dutch church in Ame- 
rica. He possessed caution and prudence, and great dignity o/ manners, 
yet was affable and courteous to all. His pastoral duties were discharged 
with exemplary fidelity over a field unusually extensive. He took a 
conspicuous part in severing the church from its dependence upon the 
mother country, and its r organization upon the present plan. During 
the war of the American revolution, he took strong grounds in the cause 
of the people, and at a most critical time, when Burgoyne was advanc- 
ing on the city from the north, he animated and inspired the people by 
having his church open every day for the purpose of prayer and address. 
He died on the 26th of December, 1790, at a time of Hie when age tad 
scarcely begun 1o impair his frame, and was buried in the family vault 
of Stephen Van Rensselaer, his funeral obsequies being attended by a 
large concourse from the city and neighborhood. Amid the arduous 
cares of his ministry, he found time to prepare a Hebrew and a Greek 
Lexicon, in 2 vols., folio, which remain in manuscript, in the posses- 
sion of his son, Rensselaer Westerlo, Esq. 

Dominie Bansett. In 1793 Benjamin Lincoln, Timothy Pickering ano 
Beverly Randolph passed through Albany on their mission of peace td 
the Indians at Niagara. They were accompanied by delegates from the 
society of Friends, among whom was William Savery, an eminent mi- 
nister, under whose faithful preaching while in England, Elizabeth Fry 
was transformed from a gay girl into a steadfast Christian, and a phi- 
lanthropist of world-wide renown. The commissoners were received 
with great civility here; Dominie Bassett waited upon them, and intro- 
ducing himself promised to offer up prayers for the success of their 
pious design, and added that a thousand or more people would unite 
with him in his supplications. He seemed to the good Quakers to be a 
good-natured, tender-spirited man. 

dncient Customs. The pyramidal roof and belfry of the old church 
are familiar to the present generation, from the print of it; but where 
is the remembrancer of its customs? The men sat wilh hats and muffs 
during divine service, and in the midst of the dominie's sermon, uprose 
the deacons and presented to each hearer a small black bag, containing 
a little bell, borne on the end of a staff, somewhat resembling a shrimp 
net. In this way the contributions were collected. The tinkle of the 
bell roused the sleepy and diverted for the moment the busy thoughts of 
the traders from muskrat and beaver skins. The bags, wilh their load 
of coppers and half joes being duly replaced, the dominie resumed the 
broken thread of his discourse. The Indians are said to have dreaded 
the coming of a Sunday before they had closed the sale of their peltry, 
for to their apprehension it seemed that the man in black spoke sharply 
to the people about the bargains they had been driving, and that the 
drift of the sermon might be guessed at by the lower prices offered for 
their skins on Monday. The practice of taking collections for the poor 
during the sermon was discontinued in 1795. 

Antiquities of the Old Stone Church. In demolishing the old church, 
care was taken to preserve only a small portion of the armorial bearings 






120 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 

on the stained glass windows. The late Killian Van Rensselaer, writing 
to Charles R. Webster, from Washington, in March, 1806. says: " I had 
no idea the old church would have been so soon demolished. I would 
have given a great deal to have been in Albany when the windows were 
attacked, for I would certainly have given $100 for the old family coat 
of arms. I had directions from Mr. Oliver Wendell in Boston, to obtain 
the glass containing his family arms at any price, and in case of his 
death to deposit it in the Cambridge Museum. Pray make some inqui- 
ries about the remnant saved, and if possible save it for me. as well as 
the Van Rensselaer arms. You will find the name at the foot of the 
glass on which the heraldry appears." One of the old church windows 
is preserved, a small one, in a shattered condition; also the pulpit and 
the weathercock, and a bag and pole, with which it was customary to 
take the contributions, which was done in this wise. The minister 
paused in the midst of his sermon, when the deacons arose, and taking 
up these implements, brought them to a perpendicular position against 
their shoulders. An address was then pronounced from the pulpit upon 
the collection about to be taken in aid of the poor members of the church, 
and the ceremony was then accompanied by the singing of the choir. 
This was designed to give solemnity to the rite. The form of the re- 
ceptacle concealed the amount of the gift, so that the munificent were 
not incited by ostentation, nor the needy to deposit their scanty pittance 
with diffidence. The collection so taken, however, was not unfrequently 
plentifully mixed with a variety of coin unrecognized by the statute, 
consisting of any substance that fell into the bag with a chinking sound. 
The deacons, to rid themselves of this class of contributors, procured a 
number of shining, open plates, for the purpose ; but their chagrin may 
be imagined, when, on presenting themselves thus equipped before the 
audience, they found some of the honest burghers expressing their in- 
dignation at the innovation, by turning their backs upon them. A little 
war, wordy but bloodless, ensued ; the plates, however, carried the day, 
and still maintain their place; and the gleanings eleemosynary are sel- 
dom mingled with base coin. .... The stone 
step which was placed at the entrance to 
the porch on the south side, still retains 
its original position, in the street, and points 
out the precise spot of the vestibule to the 
ancient sanctuary, and is the indentical 
stone which was impressed by the foot- 
steps of several generations, in passing to 
their devotions. It may be discerned when 
the streets are in a tolerable state of clean- 
liness, on the left of the cross-walk that leads from Douw's Building 

to the Exchange When the church in State street was about to be 

removed, the trustees of the church at the Boght, where Mr. Bassett 
then officiated, applied for the old pulpit; but it having been resolved 
to preserve that relic in the church, they next applied for the pew doors 

and hinsest, which were granted to them In July. 1802, Mr. William 

Groesbeeck, who had been clerk of the church for a great number of 
years, died, and the desk he had occupied was hung in mourning. He 
was succeeded by his sons, Cornelius and David, who were the last of 
the voorzingers. 




Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 121 

Burial Customs and Ceremonies. The burial ground for a great num- 
ber of years was the present site of ihe Middle Dutch Church, where 
the bodies are said to have been found lying in some places three or 
four tiers deep. The dead were removed from under the church in 
State street to this ground, after it had been selected for a place of 
burial. When the church was built, the grave stones were laid down 
upon the graves, and covered over to the depth of three feet, and we 
are told that it was customary, when the ground was wholly occupied, 
to add a layer of earth upon the surface, and commence burying over 
the top of the last tier of coffins. There is now in the possession of 
Mr. Harmanus Bleecker, a book of burials in this church yard, embrac- 
ing about 35 years. When the basement of the house occupied by Mr. 
E. H. Pease was excavated, the boxes were discovered in which the 
bodies of the revolutionary soldiers, killed or deceased during that war, 
were buried. These relics have been frequently disturbed by the im- 
provements constantly going on. After the lot was abandoned as a 
place of burial, the new church yard was located south of the Capitol 
Park in the vicinity of State street. The graves were many feet above 
the surface of the lots, as they now are, vast excavations having been 

made in that part of the city The Indian commissioners previously 

spoken of, are said to have witnessed a burial, and been surprised at the 
ways of the people. No women attended the body to the grave, as they 
had been accustomed to see ; but after the corpse was borne out, they 
remained to eat cakes, and drink spiced wine. They retired quietly 
before the men returned, who resumed the feast and regaled themselves. 
Spiced wine, and cakes, and pipes were provided, and wine was sent 
to the friends of the family. The best room in the house was specially 
appropriated as " the dead room," and was rarely opened but to be 
aired and cleaned. 

Sale of the Padure. In 1791 the consistory directed 'the ground 
commonly distinguished as the church pasture," to be laid out into lots. 
They lay on the " west side of Court street, leading from the ferry to the 
town." At this time a gate swung across the way a little above Ly- 
dius street, and a common road from thence to the ferry lay along the 
bank of the river through the pasture. Although the names of some of 
the streets in that region have been changed within a few years, several 
of them still bear the names of the ministers. The area which ihey in- 
tersect was once the propeily of the church, and when sold produced 
less than a hundred dollars a lot. These have since been filled in to a 
considerable extent and rendered valuable. There were comparatively 
but few lots built upon south of Lydius street, between Pearl and Broad- 
way, so late as twenty years ago, though now teeming with a dense 
population. 

The parsonage, or as it is termed in the charter, the minister's house, 
which belonged to the congregation, and was occupied by Mr. Westerlo 
during the last six years of his life, was the building more recently 
known as the Bleecker House, and was taken down three or four 
years since, to make room for Bleecker Hall. The first preaching in 
English was by Mr. Livingston, about 1776; in 1782 Mr. Westerlo began 
to preach in English, and Mr. Bassett, his colleague, was the first set- 
tled English pastor. 

11 



122 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 

EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN EBENEZER CHURCH. 

The edifice occupied by this congre- 
galion as a place of worship, is plea- 
santly located on the corner of Pine and 
Lodge streets. It is constructed of 
stone, and is said lo be a very creditable 
specimen of architecture, though of ra- 
ther moderate size. The corner stone 
was laid on Thursday, Sept. 16, 1816, 
by the Rev. Mr. Mayer, the pastor, as- 
sisted by Philip Hooker, Ihe archilect. 
Its dimensions are 40 by 60 feet, and the 
expense of its erection was about $25,- 
000. In 1848 it was repaired, and its 
interior thoroughly renovated, at an ex- 
pense of upwards of $4.000. 

We have not been able to ascerlain 
the precise dale of Ihe firsl eslablish- 
menl of a Lulheran church in Albany. 
The early immigrants, coming from 
Holland, were principally Calvinists, 
with strong predilections for the princi- 
ples propounded by the Synod of Dort, 
and embodied under the name of the 
JReformed ProtestanlDulch Church; yet, 
although the predominating sect, they 
seem to have found many difficulties in 
the way of supporting their church, which was oflen without a pastor. 
Before 1630, however, the Lutherans had a church here, in spite of the 
opposition they met with; for they seem to have been Ihe first sect which 
the dominant party thought necessary to restrain in their mode of wor- 
ship.* Application had been made al an early date, to the directors in 
Holland, to allow professors of this creed liberty to elecl a pastor, and 
perform the free exercise of their religion in New Netherland. But 
these privileges were refused, and orders were sent over " to employ all 
moderate exertions lo lure Ihem lo our churches, and to matriculate 
them in the public reformed religion."! Moderation is of Jitlle avail, 
where conscience interposes scruples. Fathers were compelled, con- 
trary lo Iheir principles, to assist at the baptism of their children in the 
Dutch church, and as well as the sponsors, lo declare their belief in the 
doctrines promulgated by the Synod of Dort. Many who objected to 
this were imprisoned. In a letler dated March 10, 1656.$ De Decker 
alludes to a certain placard drawn up and published by the authorities 
at Beverwyck, " against the congregation of some Lulherans, w r hich 
has also been executed against ihe contraveners and disobedient." The 
Lulherans also senl over complainls, which led to the censure of Stuy- 
vesant, and the aggrieved were permitted to worship in their own houset. 
This, however, was not enough: they demanded freedom from interrup- 

* O'Callaghan'a History of New IS'etberland, p. 219-20, vol. 2. 

J Albany Records, IV., 130. J Fort Orange Record*. 




Evangelical Lutheran Ebcnezer Church. 123 

tion in their worship. The director general avowed his determination to 
enforce the law against schismatical worship. The Lutherans appealed 
to him. Oct. 24th, 1656, as follows: " We, the united brethren of the 
Augsburg Confession here in New Netherland, show with all due reve- 
rence how that we have been obedient unto your honor's prohibitions 
and published placards, unwilling to collect together in any place to 
worship our God with reading and singing, although we solicited our 
friends in our fatherland to obtain this privilege; who as our solicitors 
exerted themselves in our behalf by the noble directors of the West 
India Company, our patrons; when after their letters to us, containing 
their entreaties, they obtained that they resolved unanimously and con- 
cluded that the doctrine of the unaltered Augsburg Confession might be 
tolerated in the West Indies and New Netherland, being under their di- 
rection, as is the practice in our fatherland under its excellent govern- 
men! ; wherefore we address ourselves lo your honor, willing to acknow- 
ledge your honor, as dutiful and obedient servants, with prayer that you 
will not any longer interrupt our religions exercises, which we. under 
God's blessing, are wishing to make, with reading and singing, till as 
we hope and expect, under God's aid. next spring, a qualified person 
shall arrive from our fatherland to instruct us, and take care of our 
souls." Accordingly, in July of the following year, the Rev. Johannes 
Ernestus Goetvvater, a Lutheran minister, arrived with a commission 
from the consistory at Amsterdam, authorizing him to act as pastor to 
the Lutheran congregation at the Manhattans. The Dutch ministers, 
Megapolensis and Drisius. took active measures to procure his instant 
expulsion, demanding that he should be sent back to Holland in the 
same ship in which he arrived. Sickness alone prevented the immedi- 
ate execution of the harsh and unchristian mandate, and he was put on 
the limits of the city for the time being, and finally forced to embark for 
Holland.* The department at Amsterdam, although desirous of sooth- 
ing the feelings of the Lutherans, could do little to relieve their griev- 
ances, and in the hope of winning them over, ordered some alterations 
to be made in the formula of baptism, as then practiced in the American 
orthodox church, to make it less objectionable. 

The British dynasty brought with it full permission to the Lu- 
therins to follow their mode of worship. On the 13th of October. 1669, 
Gov. Lovelace publicly announced that he had " lately received letters 
from the duke, wherein it is particularly signified unto me, that his royal 
highness doth approve of the toleration given to the Lutheran church in 
these parts. I do therefore expect that you live friendly and peaceably 
with those of that profession, giving them no disturbance in the exercise 
of their religion, as they shall receive no countenance in, but on the 
contrary strictly answer any disturbance they shall presume to give unto 
any of you in your divine worship." It is supposed to have been about 
this time that the Lutherans erected a church and parsonage in Albany, 
where the Centre Market now stands. Capt. Abram Slaets (or Staas f) 
obtained a patent of that lot on the 25th of October, 1653, which he sold 
to the officers of the Lutheran congregation on the 28th of March, 1680. 
The original deed, having the above date, which we have examined 

* O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, ii., 315, 346. 

t He arrived 16J2, in the same ship wiih Dora. Megapolensis, and is beliered to be this 
mnceator of those who take the name of SlaaU. 



124 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 

with a great deal of interest, is in good ancient Dutch, and was made By 
Robert Livingston, " Secretary van Albany, Colonie Rensselaerswyck 
cnde Schaenheehtady." It recites that Major Abram Staas, in the pre- 
sence of Andries Teller and Cornelis Van Dyck, commissaries, conveyed 
the premises to Albert Bratt, Myndert Frederikse (Jl) , Anthony Lispenard 
and Carsten Frederikse, elders and deacons of the Lutheran congrega- 
tion. The lot was described as being bounded on the east by the public 
highway, 12 rods 11 feet; on the south by the first kill and the common 
road, 21 rods 1 foot; on the west by the little kill, (cleyn killitie,) 6 rods 
4 feet; and on the north by the old road, belonging to Mr. Pretty, Jacob 
Sanders, Johannes Wendell, Myndert Harmense, and Hendrick Cuyler, 
23 rods 5 feet. Ryland* measure. It also states that the Jot was already 
occupied by a Lutheran church, and a house in which the dominie lived. 
The consideration money is not stated, but it is distinctly set forth that 
the first and last penny were paid, which certainly puts a very creditable 
finish to the aspect of the transaction. 

It will be seen by reference to the ancient map of the city, on another 
page, bearing date 1695, that the same spot is marked by a Lutheran 
church and burying ground, fronting on South Pearl street, and extend- 
ing from Howard to Beaver street; or rather to the palisades, which 
formed the southern boundary of the city at that point. 

We have not been able to learn anything further of the history of this 
church, during the lapse of nearly a century; in the meantime a Ger- 
man Reformed congregation seems to have erected a house of worship 
on Arbor Hill (C). Although the Lutherans still had possession of 
their lot in Pearl street, yet it is recollected by some of the elder citizens, 
that about the close of the revolution they had no church, but held their 
meetings for worship in a private house on the corner of Howard and 
Pearl street, a front room in which was fitted up with seats sufficient to 
accommodate the few members belonging to the congregation at that 
time We believe there are no records extant to account for these 
things, or giving any information as to the origin or organization of the 
church. It is found, however, to have been regularly incorporated Au- 
gust 26, 1784, and on the 7th of September following, Rev. Henry Moel- 
ler was called. The trustees were J. P. Hildebrand, Charles Newman 
and Christian Ehring. The condition of the church at this time may 
be gathered from a letter written by Mr. Moeller in 1818, in which he 
ays: ''I wish, brethren, you would call to remembrance the condition 
of your congregation in 1784 and 1785, when you had no church, and I 
was your pastor. I traveled in company with an elder, the now de- 
ceased Mr. Ehring, to New York, Philadelphia, Scheneciady, and adja. 
cent country, and collected, together with the generous donations of the 
citizens of Albany, and with what the cheerfulness of the poor congre* 
gation could afford, the sum of 640, which was esteemed a large eoli 
lection of money at that time. The honest Mr. John Geyer, now de- 
ceased, was treasurer, and the building was paid for soon after it was 
finished. The congregation had engaged to pay me 100 salary, leaving 
to me one third of the lime free to attend the Low Dutch congregation 
at Loonenburgh, But finding that the congregation proved unable to 
pay me more than 50, besides furnishing me with fire-wood, I remitted 

'This is the orthogranhy in most of the ancient records. A Rynland or Leyden foot 
is equal to 12 3-3 inches English measure, aqd a Dutch or Amsterdam loot, about ou 
inch less than the Rynland.. 



Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 125 

the rest, and employed myself in vacant congregations, some of them 
laid in perfect wilderness, til! I found my arduous task would waste my 
Strength before the ordinary time of age, I took a call to Pennsylvania. 
After twelve years you did me the honor to present me a second call. 
I found th? charge easier than before, but my travels to Hel 'erberg and 
Beaverdam, which congregations were necessary to make up a neces- 
sary living, proved injurious to my health, to which was added the 
heavy expense of keeping a horse and chaise, and the increase of prices 
for fire-wood and other necessaries. I left you the second time, and am 
now comfortably settled for the short rest of my life." 

The records of the church to which we have had access, extend no 
farther back than the 2Sth of May, 1786, when the communion was ad- 
ministered. The congregation then appears to have had no settled pas- 
tor. In the following year the trustees publicly expressed their acknow- 
ledgements for the receipt of donations, to the amount of 552 12s. 2d.- t 
more than 214 of which, they say, was obtained in Albany and its 
vicinity. The total cost of their building was 640 ($1600). About 
ten years later a complaint was made of hindrances, and that their 
church was still unfinished. 

From the time Mr. Moeller left, in 1785, to 1794, the church was 
supplied with the word and ordinances by neighboring ministers. Among 
these were the Rev. Messrs. Schwertfeger^ Groelz, and Johann Fre- 
derick Ernst, pastor of Loonenbursh (Athens) and Claverack. In 
June, 1794, Rev. Anthon Theodore Braun became their pastor, and re- 
mained till 1800. In 1S01 the Rev. Heinrich Moeller again took charge 
of the congregation, and remained till 1806. In 1807 the Rev. Frede- 
rich George Mayer was settled as pastor, and remained until he was 
removed by death in December, 1843. In July of that year, the Rev. 
Henry Newman Pohlman, the present efficient pastor, accepted a call 
from the congregation, and was installed on the 24th of September. 
Under his ministry the church is gradually increasing in numbers, and 
there are at present about one hundred members in communion. The 
services of the church were in German until 1808, when at a meeting of 
the trustees, elders and deacons, held May 16th at the house of Martin 
Hebeysen, it was resolved that the sermons, after Whitsunday, should be 
delivered in English, except one sermon in the forenoon of the last 
Sunday in each month. 

At the close of the last century, an effort was made to procure the 
location of a Lutheran seminary in Albany. The Rev. John Christo- 
pher Hartwick died in 1796, possessed of a large estate, which he left 
by will for the endowment of an institution for training up young minis- 
ters of the gospel, and misionaries to be sent among the Indians, accord- 
ing to the Augustan Confession and the tenets of the Evangelical Lu- 
theran church. The executors named in his will were Jeremiah Van 
Rensselaer of Albany, and Frederick A. Muhlenberg of Philadelphia, 
formerly a Lutheran minister of New York, but at this time speaker of 
the house of representatives in congress. His scheme contemplated the 
erection of a town on his tract in Otsego county, to be called New 
Jerusalem, where the theological school should be established, in which 
" no heathenish author should be read, until when, by divine providence, 
the revenues should increase, classical learning might be added." The 
administrators, on looking into the affairs of the testator, found that a 
large part of the landed estate, about 13,000 acres, including the intended 



126 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 

site of the New Jerusalem, was claimed by Judge Cooper, who profess- 
ed to have purchased it of Mr. Harlwick at $2 per acre, payable at a 
distant time. Mr. Hartwick had desired to be buried in the Lutheran 
church of Albany, and his wishes were complied with. A marble tablet 
bearing his inscription (B) is placed in the floor of the church, in front of 
the pulpit. It being uncertain that much of anything remained to found 
the contemplated school, the trustees of the church at Albany desired to 
have the institution connected with their church, promising to raise $3,- 
000 towards the erection of a suitable building. In fact, they claimed 
the estate, and deprecated the idea of erecting a college in the wilder- 
ness, as a " monument like the pillar of Absalom." They say that the 
Oneida Indians were provided with a Presbyterian minister forty years 
before, that " other nations have the same, and now the Indians have 
sold all their land, which will be inhabited by Christians, so that the 
whim of a college and a New Jerusalem, may fall away, and it may be 
better to support with it the congregation of Albany, which, from the time 
of Gov. Van Tromp, has always been oppressed. We, Lutherans of 
Albany, are the next heirs of Mr. Hartwick. . . . His own writings will 
show with what affection we took care of him." At another time, 
writing to the curators of the estate, the trustees, who at this time were 
J. Conrad Ruby, Martin Hebeysen and Daniel Pohlman, still complain 
of the neglect shown to their interests by those having charge of the 
legacy "mournfully observing that our poor Ebenezer is entirely for- 
gotten, notwithstanding we appointed in our stead two worthy friends 
and gentlemen, the most Rev. l)r. Kunze and Mr. Jeremiah Van Rens- 
selaer. our advocates for our distressed Ebenezer. Yet in their twelve 
resolves, nothing appeared for such a poor flock of Lutheran Christians 
to support their pious business. We collect about 18 per annum from 
the members of our church, and no more. Our church is not finished 
and more like to decay. But we are forgotten, though we know that 
Hartwick loved us, for he would be with us, even when dead. It is now 
in your power to support that poor church out of an estate freely grant- 
ed by the owner." The solicitations of the trustees seem to have been 
crowned with partial success; for on the 17th of October, 1801, articles 
of agreement, drawn by Peter E. Elmendorf, were entered into between 
them and the trustees of the estate, by which all the estate was to be 
deposited with the trustees of the church, within two years, for the pur- 
poses of the seminary, subject to the order of the curators, John C. 
Kunze and Jeremiah Van Rensselaer. The foundation of an edifice 
was laid in Park street; but the arrangement seems to have given so 
much dissatisfaction among the Lutheran churches, as to lead to its 
abandonment. Accordingly at a meeting of the trustees on the 14th 
April, 1808, they resolved that since it was found impossible to execute 
the trust committed to them, they would redeliver the property into the 
hands of the surviving executor, Jeremiah Van Rensselaer; and two 
years after the materials used for the foundation were ordered to be 
sold. The seminary was finally located at Hartwick, in Otsego county, 
and is now in successful operation, under a special charter, obtained of 
the legislature in 1816. (See Session Laws, e. 166.) 

In 1816, the city corporation purchased the lot on South Pearl street, 
which had been in possession of the congregation almost a century and 
a half, and paid for it $32,000. The boundaries were a little differently 
described at this day, as follows: " on the east by South Pearl, late 






Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 127 

Washington street; on the south by the Rulten kill; on the west by a 
small run of water called Fort Killitie; and on the north by Howard, 
late Lutheran street." There was at the lime a small market on How- 
ard street, above the church, called Fly market. The common council 
presented to the congregation the lot which they now occupy on Pine 
street, on condition of the removal of their dead from the old burying 
ground on Pearl street. The expense of excavating the lot was $5,000. 
They have since built a consistory and parsonage on the premises, the 
former having been consecrated on the 10th of July, 1836; the state hay- 
ing previously, 1832, purchased the westerly and unoccupied part of their 
lot, for $45,000, upon which the State Hall was erected. With this 
money the trustees excavated and built upon the property fronting on 
State, Park and Lancaster streets, which was occupied by them as a 
cemetery unlil the common council granted them their present cemetery 
lot by deed dated Nov. 1, 1803. These old cemetry grounds have been 
excavated to a great depth to make proper grades for streets and build- 
ing lots the cemetries of all the churches having been removed from 
thence to their present location west of Knox street, on the south side 
of State, at about the same time. 

(A) Att a Court of Mayor and Aldermen held for ye Citty of Albany, 
y 17th day of August, 16S6. Present Peter Schuyler, Jan Jans Bleeker, 
Johannes Wandel, Dirck Wessells, Adrian Gerritse, Levinus Van Schaik. 
Hercules, y e negro of Myndert Frederikse being brought before y e 
Court by warrant of y e May r to answer y e fellonious taking out of his 
master's house a small chest wherein some bags of wampum was con- 
tained, belonging to y e Poor of y e Lutheran Church, and being examined 
doth confess y 3 fact y l upon Thursday night last he came to his master's 
house, and finding y e window of ye chamber open, went in and stole 
awayye small chest wherein y e money of y poor of y e Lutheran Church 
was kept, and broke ye chest open without y e gate, at y e water side 
with an axe Ordered, y* ye s d Negroe be committed and secured in 
y e Common Goale till y e next Court of Sessions, when he is to be brought 
to his tryall. Jllbany Records, in., 4. 

(B) The following is the inscription on the tomb stone alluded to: 

Hier ruhet 

Johann C. Hartwick 

Prediger der Evangelisch 

Lutherischen Kirche 

Gebohren in Sax-Gotha 

den 6 Januer 3714 

Gestorben 
den 16 Julius 1796 

Seines alters 
82 Jahre 6 Monat 
Das kurzoesteckte ziel der tage, 
1st siebenzig. ist aghlzig jahr, 
Ein unnbegrif von mueh und plage, 
Auch wennsnoch so kostlich war. 
Gefliigelt eilt mit uns die zeit, 
In eine lange ewigkeit. 



128 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 

(C) The followers of Zwinglius. who differed from the Lutherans 
in some matters relating to the sacrament,* took the name of German 
Reformed. In the Albany Gazette, printed by the Robertsons in 1772, 
was published an advertisement of a lottery to be drawn in March of 
that year, for the benefit of the German Reformed Church, which is 
the first we hear of them in this place. Lotteries were not an unusual 
means of raising money even for churches at that day. The spot 
pointed out as the location of this edifice, is between Orange and Patroon 
streets, west of Ten Broeck street, where its foundation had an altitude 
considerably above the present grade of the latter street, overlooking a 
deep ravine on the south. The~object to be attained by the selection of 
so retired a location, is somewhat difficult to conceive, unless it was to 
set it <; upon a hill that it should not be hid," for it was far out of town 
at that day. An idea of its remoteness may be had from the circum- 
stance of some one having opened a tavern so far from any landmark, 
that he described it as "situated on the pleasant road to the German 
church.'' A cross-road ran diagonally up the hill from what is now 
Orange street to Patroon street, both of which were then common 
roads, and the church stood a little west of the cross-road, with a bury- 
ing ground in front. It was a wooden edifice, about fifty feet square, 
with a tower at the north entrance, furnished with a bell. It was pro- 
vided with an organ, the first one known to have been used in a church 
in Albany. The only notice we can find respecting it in the public 
archives, is an act passed March 27, 1794, " for the relief of Paul Koch- 
strasser and others," as follows: "Whereas it hath been represented 
that Paul Hochstrasser, John Abbet and John Tillrnan, having expended 
large sums of money in erecting a building for the Reformed German 
congregation in the city of Albany with sundry appurtenances, which 
sums were never reimbursed by the said congregation through the means 
of their inability. And whereas also it has been further represented, 
that the said congregation is dispersed, and the building become useless : 
Be it enacted by the people of the state of New York represented in 
Senate and Assembly, That Abraham Hun, Teunis Ts. Van Vechten 
and John C. Cuyler, be, and hereby are appointed trustees, for the pur- 
pose of selling the aforesaid building, with the appurtenances, exclusive 
of the right of soil ; and out of the moneys therefrom arising, to settle 
with all snch persons who may have any demands against the same ; 
and should the moneys therefrom arising not be competent to satisfy the 
said claims, they shall be and hereby are authorized to pay each claim- 
ant a just proportion of the moneys arising from the said premises, ac- 
cording to his, her, or their respective demands." The church appears 
to have been sold accordingly, and afterwards occupied by the Seceders. 
It was subsequently taken down, and the frame work is still standing 
near Lydius street, about two miles out. On the 14th of April, 1803, 
Paul Hochstrasser and John Ram applied to the consistory of the Re- 
formed Protestant Dutch Church for permission to bury their deceased 
relatives in the ground belonging to that church, alleging that the 
grave yard of the German Reformed Church had become almost a public 
common; that the former wished to take up the remains of his mother, 
and the latter those of his children, and deposit them elsewhere. When 

* Serious disturbances have recently arisen in Prussia, in consequence of an edict of 
the king, directing the union of these two churches in one. 



German Evangelical Lutheran Church. 129 

the pier was built, the lot upon which this church stood was excavated, 
and the earth used to fill in that work. The bones of the dead buried 
there were placed in boxes, and left by the road side in a ravine, till 
some one having occasion to use the boxes, the bones were turned out 
upon the ground, and afterwards plowed under. It is believed that there 
is one member of this church still living, who now attends the Lutheran 
church. 



GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. 

The building occupied by this congregation is situated in State street, 
above Swan, It was orisinally built for the use of a Methodist congre- 
gation, and purchased of them in 1842, for eighteen hundred dollars. 

It will have been seen in our account of the Lutheran Ebenezer 
Church, that the use of the German language in the services of the 
sanctuary, virtually ceased in 1808. But the large number of immi- 
grants from Germany rendered it necessary for the pastor of that church 
to resume its use in 1834. Accordingly from that time a service in that 
language was held in the evening of the Lord's day, and occasionally 
during the week. After the erection of the Lecture Room of the Ebe- 
nezer Church, on the corner of Lodge and Steuben streets, in 1836, the 
Germans were regularly supplied with the word and ordinances in their 
mother tongue, by the Rev. William Moellman, from Hanover, in Ger- 
many. And when he accepted a call fron Cincinnati, and removed to 
that city, the services were continued with more or less regularity by 
the Rev. F. G. Mayer, the pastor of Ebenezer. 

In 1841, in consequence of the rapid increase of the German popula- 
tion, and the inconvenience of holding service in two languages, it was 
deemed expedient to organize a separate congregation, which was done 
on the 8th of August in that year. Early in 1842, by the effective aid 
of the mother church, and the kind liberality of the citizens of Albany, 
they succeeded in purchasing the church above mentioned, which was 
set apart for the worship of God in the German language, with appro- 
priate solemnities, on the 10th of May. The first pastor of this church 
was the Rev. George Saul, who remained with them a year and seven 
months, and then removed to Canajoharie. He was succeeded by the 
Rev. Edward Meyer, in October, 1842, who, after a ministry of four and 
a half years, resigned his charge, and removed on the first of May, 1847, 
to Lockport, Niagara county. While he was their pastor, the congre. 
gation, at the cost of $500, purchased a lot for n. burial ground on the 
north side of the Schenectaday turnpike in Washington street, which 
was consecrated with appropriate solemnities, on the 26th of November. 
1846. 

On the 26th of September, 1847, the Rev. Frederick William Schmidt, 
the present efficient pastor, was installed, aod entered upon the discharge 
of his ministerial duties. Under his ministry the church is increasing 
in members and usefulness. The debts of the congregation are nearly 
discharged, a balance of three hundred dollars only remaining; and the 
hope is fondly entertained that a German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 
gp necessary for the spiritual well being of this important part of our 
population in this city, is firmly established on a sure and solid basis, 



130 First Presbyterian Church. 

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The Presbyterkin Church in Albany, was formed at the conclusion 
of the French war, in the year 1763. In October of that year the cor- 
poration of the city executed a deed in trust for the congregation, to 
John Macomb, Daniel Edgar, Samuel Holladay, Robert Henry, Abra- 
ham Lyle and John Munro, for the ground on which the first building 
for public worship was erected by the church. This lot was bounded 
on the north by Beaver street, on the east by William street, on the south 
by Hudson street, and on the west by Grand street, including, it is sup. 
posed, all the ground now comprised within these boundaries. The 
house erected on this spot was of wood, of considerable size, with a tall 
steeple, and fronted to the east. It was occupied by the church till A. 
D. 1796. From the date of the formation of the church, A. D. 1763, till 
the commencement of the war of the revolution, the church had two 
pastors, viz.: Rev. William Hanna, who remained with them two years, 
and was succeeded by the Rev. Andrew Bay, who continued in the pas- 
toral charge for five years. The only elders known to have been or- 
dained in the church during this time, were Robert R. Henry and Mat- 
thew Watson. There are to be found, however, during this period, no 
sessional records, nor any records of communicants, baptisms, marriages 
or deaths. On the 12th of July, 1785. a unanimous call was given to 
the Rev. John McDonald, who was ordained and installed pastor of the 
church on the 8th of November of the same year, and continued in that 
office till A. D. 1795. On the first of January, 1786, the church, which 
had been scattered, and without stated services during the war, was re- 
organized, and four elders and two deacons were ordained. The first 
communion after the new organization was held on the third sabbath 
of April, 1787, when 116 members were admitted. In the spring of 1794, 
proposals were issued for building a brick church, the materials for 
which were already procured, as well as the lot, extending on Washing- 
ton (Pearl) street, from Beaver street to Store lane (Norton street.) The 
building was completed in 1796 in an elegant style for the day, being 
altogether the best church edifice in the city, and was opened on the 20th 
of November of that year. Its dimensions were 64 by 76 feet. In 1831 
an addition of 16 feet was made to it on the north end, and the interior 
remodeled, so as to place it in advance of the other churches again for 
internal elegance. On the 3d of October, 1798, Eliphalet Nott was in- 
stalled pastor of the church, where he continued to preach until he was 
removed to the presidency of Union College, which office he has ever 
since filled. During the past season a new edifice has been erected for 
the use of the congregation, on the corner of Hudson and Philip streets. 
The following is a list of the ministers, elders, and deacons of the church, 
since its first organization. 

MINISTERS. 

1763 Rev. William Hanna continued 1795 Rev. David S. Bogart a licen- 
till 1765. j tiate from the Dutch classis, New 

Rev. Andrew Bay continued York, supplied the pulpit for 

five years. I about two years. 

1785 Rev. J. McDonald continued 1798 Rev. Eliphalet Nott continued 
till 1795. I till September, 1804, 



First Presbyterian Church. 



131 



1804 Rev. John B. Romeyn con- 
tinued till October, 1808. 

1809 Rev. William Neill continued 
till August, 1816. 



1817 Rev. Arthur Jos. Stansbury 
continued till June, 1821. 

1822 Rev. Henry R. Weed con- 
tinned till November, 1829. 

1830 Rev. John N. Campbell. 



TRUSTEES. 



With the places of their nativity as far as ascertained. 

1785 Robt. Henry; Matthew Wat- 
son ; Theodorus Van Wyck Gra- 
ham ; Danl Mclntire, Scotland; 
James Boyd, Scotland ; John Ro- 
bison, Scotland; John W. Wen- 
dell, Boston ; Robt. McClelland ; 
Hunloke Woodruff, Elizabeth- 
town, N. Y. 

1787 James Bloodgood ; Jas Cald- 
well, Ireland; Abraham Eights, 
New York. 

1789 Richard Sill; Alex. Chesnut. 

1790 Charles R. Webster, Hartford 

1791 Enoch Leonard. 

1792 John V. Henry, Albany. 

1796 Elisha Kane, Dutchess county ; 
Wm. McClelland. 

1797 Francis Bloodgood; Geo Pear- 
son. 

1799 James Barkley; John Grant, 
Scotland. 

1801 Peter Sharp; John Cuyler. 

1802 Gilbert Stewart. 

1803 Wm. P. Beers, N. E.; Wm 
Caldwell, Albany ; James Kane, 
Dutchess co. 

1804 Andrew Brown. 

1805 Isaac Hutton. 

1806 Tho. Mather, Lyme ; George 
Webster, Hartford. 

1807 Robert R. Henry, Albany ; 



Eleazer F. Backus, New Haven ; 
John Boardman, Weather sfieldj 
Hugh Boyd, Lansingburgh. 

1809 John Woodworth, Schodack. 

1810 Charles Z. Platt. 

1811 Wm. Boyd, Scotland. 
1813 Peter Boyd, Albany. 

1816 Isaiah Townsend, Orange co ; 
John Marvin, Lyme. 

1820 Wm. James, Ireland ; Elisha 
Dorr, Lyme. 

1821 Isaac Hamilton jWm.McHarg, 
Albany. 

1823 Willard Walker, S. Brookneld. 

1824 Wm. Fowler; James King. 

1832 Rufus H. King, Ridgefield, Ct. 

1833 Robert Gilchrist. 

1835 Jatnes McNaughton, Scotland. 

1836 Levi Philips, Mass. 

1838 Andrew E. Brown, Albany. 

1840 John Gibson, Albany. 

1841 Alden March, Mass.; Benj. 
Tibbitts. 

1845 Isaiah Townsend, Albany ; 
Wm. White. Albany; Wm. Mitch- 
ell, Albany.' 

1846 Danl Fry, Albany. 

1847 Robert Boyd, Albany; John 
D. Hewson, Albany. 

1848 Anthony M. Strong, Albany; 
Wm. C. Durant. 



There are now four Presbyterian churches in the city. It is proposed 
to give an account of the others in future, if the necessary facts can be 
procured. 



DEACONS. 



1786 James Boyd, John Folsom. 

1794 Peter McHench, James Chest- 
ney. 

1805 James Hodge, Andrew Hoff- 
man. 

1812 Chester Bulkley. 



1820 Stephen J. Rider, Green Hall. 
1823 Abraham Covert. 
1832 Walter R. Morris. 

1836 Amos Fassett. 

1837 Elihu Russell, William G. 
Brown. 



132 



United Presbyterian Church. 



1819 John Woodworth, Theodorus 
Van Wyck Graham, Timothy 
Fassett. 

1820 Peter McHench. Peter Boyd. 
1823 Green Hall, Stephen J. Rider, 

Jo&iah Sherman. 
183J Israel Williams. 
1837 Amos Fassett, Elias Warner. 
1842 Elihu Russell, Daniel Fry, 

Frederick S. Pease. Thomas Me- 

Mullen. 



1786 Matthew Watson, Robert R. 
Henry, Daniel Mclntyre, Peter 
Sim, John Boyd. 

1787 Joseph New-land, John Fol- 
som. 

1790 Donald McLeod, Abraham 
Eights, Hunloke Woodruff. 

1794 James Boyd, Isaac Hutton. 

1805 Elias Willard, Gilbert Stew- 
art, John Boardman. 

1812 Ananias Platt, Nehemiah B. 
Bassett. 

Reminiscences. At the ordination of Mr. McDonald in 1785, the society gave a public 
dinner to the three ministers who ordained him, probably to give eclat to (he event. The 
trustees appropriated the seat on the right hand of the main door to the nse of the cor- 
poration, and the opposite one to the governor; the pew on the right hand of the pulpit to 
the minister, and that on the left hand to the elders and deacons. The clerk was allowed 
3s. for publishing marriages, and 6rf. for every person christened. Three pounds ($7.- 
50,) was the price fixed for burying an adult under the church, and 3<>*. for a person un- 
der 14 years of age. It was ordained that "children must behave well?" ami courtesy 
was enjoined towards strangers. It was the sexton's duty to warn persons to attend 
funerals, and to walk before the corpse, for which he was allowed a fee of 12s. On the 
4lh of January, 1790, it was resolved "that 1,000 coppers be stamped church penny, and 
placed in the hands of ibe treasurer, for the purpose of exchanging with the congregation 
at tho rate of twelve for one shilling, in order to add respect to the weekly collections." 
The Presbyterian burying ground was on Hudson street, above Pearl, and that as well 
as the church, is spoken of at being on the hill, while the region below is called the plains. 
On the 17th of May, i792, Stephen Lush hud Leonard Gansevoort, Jun.. conveyed to 
the trustees of the Presbyterian church, " the lot on the plains," in consideration of 
110 ($275). The title seems to have been considered doubtful. The corporation lease 
and release is drawn in consideration of 5a. The lot is thus described in the first men- 
tioned lease: " a'urttintr to the north to the creek or kill called the Fuyck's kill; to the 
south on the common highway, to the west the hills-, and lothe east Anthony De Hoage's." 
The lot was used for a stave yard, through which the kill passed, and still passes, about 
midway under the church, being arched over as a drain. The entrance into Washington 
street, as it was then called, from State street, was through a gate, which was taken away 
some years later, when the street was opened to its present width. On the 15th of July, 
1793, the trustees decided that the salary of the precentor Mr. Me Parian, w is inade- 
quate, and V)tcd him j8 (S-0) per annum. On the day the church was opened for 
public service, the Kev. Dr. Smith, president of Union College, preached two sermons. 
A call had been given to the Rev. David S. Uogert, of the city of New York, to become 
the pastor of the church, with a salary of 81,000 per annum. At a subsequent day, in 
order to prevent the passing of vehicles during service, the trustees procured the passage 
of a law which allowed two chains to be stretched across the street, at each end of the 
church, which effectually barricaded it to all but foot passengers. The chains wer re- 
moved about twenty years ago. 



UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Mr. McDonald, who was deposed in 1795, by the Presbytery of Al- 
bany, removed to Canada. At a meeting of the Presbytery of Montreal, 
Sept. 15, 1800, he was restored to the exercise of the ministry, and in 
the following year laid the foundation of an edifice on the corner of 
Chapel and Canal (then Fox) streets, and organized a church, under 
the name of the United Presbyterian Church. It is now known by 
another title . The materials for its history were not fully obtained in 
season for this publication. 



Bethel for Watermen. 



133 



fol 




BETHEL FOR WATERMEN. 

The above institution commenced its operations in May, 1843, in the 
following manner. A few pious persons, who were convinced that boat- 
men had been too long neglected, resolved to try the experiment of es- 
tablishing meetings in the city for their benefit. They procured a suit- 
able room in Stan wix Hall, fitted it up for service, and invited Rev. John 
Miles, a Wesleyan Methodist minister, to labor for and with them. Mr. 
Miles accepted the invitation, and entered upon the duties of his office 
by preaching his first bethel sermon on State Street Bridge, Sabbath 
morning, May 14, 1843, from Proverbs, xi. ; 30. " He that winneth souls 
is wise." A. board of managers was early formed, consisting of twelve, 
from different sections of the Christian church. At their first meeting, 
held to adopt measures to sustain the cause, the following preamble and 
resolution were offered, and unanimously adopted : " From a conviction 
that it is our imperative duty to do good unto all men, even 1o the neg- 
lected boatmen, sailors and strangers, (as many such persons are con- 
stantly arriving in our city,) we the undersigned think it necessary that 
something should be done in their behalf; and we agree to form ourselves 
into a board of managers for the Albany Bethel; to enact laws by which 
it shall be governed, and to do all we can to have it permanently sus- 
tained. 1 ' The room in Stanwix Hall was kept but one year, as at the 

12 



V 
134 Jewish Synagogues. 

close of the same, Clark Durant, Esq., who had shown himself a very 
warm friend of the undertaking, by contributing liberally towards its 
support, came forward and purchased the neat and commodious house 
Jately occupied by the Third Presbyterian Church, for which he paid 
$5000, and has tendered its use gratuitously, so long as it can be sus- 
tained as a free bethel. The building, of which the above is a repre- 
sentation, is situated in Montgomery street, between Orange and Colum- 
bia streets; its dimensions are 50 by 60 feet. Mr. Miles is still the chap- 
lain, faithful and devoted in the discharge of his duties. The meetings 
are all public, and the seats all free. The Bethel is entirely free from 
any sectarian influence, having no organized church, but standing en- 
tirely on neutral grou-nd. It is supported by the voluntary subscriptions 
of those who take an interest in the spiritual and temporal welfare of 
watermen and the stranger within our gates. There is also a sabbath 
school connected with it, which was commenced in June, 1844. 



JEWISH SYNAGOGUES. 

There are two Hebrew congregations in this city. The Bethel Con- 
gregation consisted originally of sixteen members, all of them Germans, 
who came over in 1837, from Europe, and after having been for a short 
time in New York, they settled in this city in the fall of 1837. Before 
that time there were very few Israelites residing in Albany. There are 
now more than 100 members in the congregation. Their place of wor- 
ship is called synagogue, where they perform their service in the Hebrew 
language. Their meeting days are every sabbath or Saturday, and be- 
sides on thirteen holidays and twenty-seven half-holidays. Their first 
place of worship was in Bassett street, but on the 2d of September, 1842, 
they dedicated a new synagogue at No. 76 Herkimer street, formerly a 
church belonging to the Hibernian Benevolent Society ; which cost, after 
having been altered and repaired, about $3500. There is one minister 
or rabbi to the congregation, who is elected annually, for the term of 
one year. Mr. Henry Seehling was the second minister, and held the 
place about five years, when he was succeeded by the present incum- 
bent, Rabbi Vise Traub, about four years since. 

In the spring of the year 1841, three members and eight seat holders 
quitted the Bethel Congregation and commenced a new society under 
the title of Beth Jacob,~ which counts at present about forty members. 
Their service is the same as the Bethel Congregation. They met at 
No. 8 Rose street, until some time during 1848 they erected a synagogue 
in Fulton street, at an expense of $4,500. The officiating minister is 
Rabbi Jacob Newborgh. 

Each congregation has a separate burial ground. There is also a 
Mutual Benefit Society of Israelites in this city, to which nearly all the 
members of the Bethel Congregation belong. The object of this society 
is to support the poor sick, as well as their own members, and to give 
relief to the families of the poor and the sick, and to see that in case of 
death the corpse is properly buried. 

The Congregation, as well as the Mutual Benefit Society, are sup- 
pc rted by monthly contributions and free offerings. 



Society of Friends Universalist Church. 136 

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 

The Society of Friends in the city of Albany first met for religious 
worship in different places, where they could obtain suitable rooms, 
from 1827 to 1833, a considerable part of the time in the Lancastrian 
School House, in Eagle street, by permission of the common council. 
In 1835 they became an organized society, and built a meeting house on 
the south side of Plain street, below Grand. The dimensions of the 
building are 36 by 42 feet, and 22 feet walls above the basement, and 
seated so as to accommodate about four hundred persons. It has a large 
and commodious basement, which is occupied as a school room. The 
school is under the charge of a member of the society, and numbers 
about 50 pupils. This edifice was erected by the Society here, with the 
assistance of the Yearly Meeting of New York, at an expense of $5000. 

he congregation numbers about 150 persons. 



UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. 

There was preaching occasionally by Universalist clergymen in this 
city, for a few years previous to 1829. In the fall of that year the first 
Universalist meeting house in Albany was erected on Herkimer street, 
being a temporary wooden building 50 by 27 feet. Subsequently it was 
elevated for the purpose of forming a basement and 10^ feet added to 
its depth; it then had cost about $1500. On the 1st of March, 1830, a 
meeting was held to take into consideration the formation of a Univer- 
salist Society, when it was resolved to form one. On the 23d of March, 
1830, the first Universalist Society in the city of Albany was organized, 
when about thirty persons signed the constitution, which contains a 
confession of Christian faith; the society therefore comprises the church. 
The Rev. Wm. S. Balch commenced his labors in the latter part of Feb- 
ruary, 1830, who, in consequence of poor health, removed at the ex- 
piration of three months. The Rev. Isaac D. Williamson commenced 
his labors on the 17th of June, 1830, and resigned the 1st of May, 1837. 
The brick meeting house in Green street, now occupied by the society, 
was commenced the 25th of July, 1833, and completed in August, 1834. 
It is a substantial, neat, and convenient edifice, 80 by 48 feet, construct- 
ed in accordance with the Grecian Doric order, and with the lot, cost 
about $14,000. The Rev. Stephen R. Smith commenced his labors the 
18th of September, 1837, and left the society on the 1st of May, 1842; 
was succeeded by Rev. S. B. Britton, who left the society in April, 
1843, after which the Rev. L. B. Mason supplied the desk until the fall 
of 1845, when he left in consequence of ill health. The society was 
then without stated preaching until the spring of 1846, when Rev. S. B. 
Brilton returned and remained for one year, after which Rev. R. P. 
Ambler preached for about eight months; since which there has been 
no settled pastor until November 1st, 1848, when Rev. W. H. Waggoner 
was engaged as pastor, and installed on the 20th of December. There 
is a Sunday school attached to the society, consisting of more than one 
hundred scholars. The library consists of 200 volumes, of very care- 
a lly selected books. The congregation numbers about four hundred, 
nd has sixty communicants, 



136 



Plan of Albany, 1695. 

w 




E 

PLAN OF ALBANY, 1695. 

1. The Fort. I 7. Blockhouses. 

2. Dutch Calvinist Church. Dr. Dellius 8. Stadt House. 

pastor. j 9. A great Gun to clear a gull&y. 

3. German Lutheran Church. 10. Stockade. 

4. Its buryin? place. 11. City Gates, six in aJJ. 

5. Dutch Calvinist burying place. 



Ancient Albany. 13? 



ANCIENT ALBANY. 

The denizens of this ancient city know by tradition that it was for- 
merly protected against the incursions of the French and Indians, by pa- 
lisades, a kind of fortification, consisting of upright posts planted firmly 
ia the ground, and peculiar in the manner of its use to the settlements 
of this country. Occasionally in making excavations, the relics of these 
ancient wooden walls are met with, but from the difficulty we have had 
in gathering authentic oral information about the limits which they de- 
scribed, we are inclined to believe that few if any ut this day can give a 
satisfactory account of them. The accompanying diagram shows the line 
of these old defences. It is not known whether it was drawn after any 
accurate survey, but could hardly have been otherwise, from its corres- 
pondence with the same portion of the city at the present day. We can 
see how the curvatures and diagonal lines presented by our streets had 
their rise in the course of the protecting enclosure, which latter was run 
to correspond with the declivities on either side of the high ground upon 
which this part of the city stands, and terminating in a regular fort at 
Lodge street. It was drawn in 1695, by the Rev. John Miller, a chap- 
lain in the British army, and is unquestionably a true picture of the 
form and boundaries of the city a century and a half ago reaching 
from Hudson to Steuben street on Broadway, and from the river west to 
Lodge street. A more extended line of palisades was afterwards con- 
structed, bounded by Hamilton street on the south, and crossing Broad- 
way on the north at the house occupied by the late venerable Abraham 
Van Vechten, a little north of Orange and Van Tromp streets. The 
north gate was placed there, and was a local name as late as the be- 
ginning of the present century, dividing the city of Albany from the 
Colonie, which was a separate town, until the year 1815, when a por- 
tion of it was annexed, and called the fifth ward. It was a century 
after this draft of the city was made before it began to increase very 
rapidly in population, since which it has expanded around this nucleus, 
" as from a stroke of the enchanter's wand." 

The following is the description given of Albany in 1695, by the author 
alluded to : 

" As the city of New York is the chief place of strength belonging to 
this province for its defence against those enemies who come by sea, so 
Albany is of principal consideration against those who come by land, 
the French and Indians of Canada. It is distant from New York 150 
miles, and lies up Hudson's river on the west side, on the descent of a 
hill from the west to the eastward. It is in circumference about six 
furlongs, and hath therein about 200 houses, a fourth part of what there 
is reckoned to be in New York. The form of it is septangular, and the 
longest line that which buts upon the river, running from the north to 
the south. On the west ansle is the fort, quadrangular, strongly 
stockaded and ditched round, having in it twenty one pieces of ordnance 
mounted. On the north-west side are two "blockhouses, and on the 
south west as many : on the south-east angle stands one blockhouse; 
in the middle of the line from thence northward is a horned work, and 
on the north-east angle a mount. The whole city is well stockaded 
round, and in the several fortifications named are about thirty guns." 



13S 



City 




CITY OF ALBANY. 

Albany enjoys an eligible sitnatioo on the west hank of the 
river, near the head of 'tide water. Its mtitnde is 42= 39* 3* north ; its 
lomntndeT?? 3T west of Greenwich, and ^ IS east of Washington. 
The city of New York is distent meridional IT 1354 miles; by the road 
on the west side of the river 145 miles ; by the river a little less. The 
distance of Boston is 164 miles; of Montreal, 230; of Washington, 37O- 
The city appears to great advantage from the river, having n 



rapidly from the bank, and 

Its habitations oeeapy the alluvial valley of the 
rter of a mile in width, and ascend three hills of 
14* feel elevation, separated by deep valleys, throng* which eon. 



c: waier 



kin, and the Beaver kflL 



formerly ran, known as the Foxen kin, the 
kflL The view from either of the heights 



is pietaresane; to the north may be seen the city of Troy and ad 
villages, and in the distance the hills of Vermont. Totheeastthe 
Ural extent of conntry lying beyond the Hudson river; and to the 



nntry lying beyond 
and the Catskiil 



with the river lowm? at 
the arrival of white men, it was known to the 
wMBlmj nftfctMwhwwtvtnfce lamecf. 

the 
wheW the'aty of Sehenectndy 

as being over the plains from Albany The first Ea- 

ei which is known to have penetrated this resion, was the 



in Sept, 1609. A 

to have moored at tome point on whi 
Several Dntch navigators followed daring the next three or fov 
and erected trading honses at Albany and New York, for tha 
" roikrting fare of the Indmns. Our city, therefore, is, next 
wn, Ya., the ofcirrt colony in the Union. One of the early 
thistramc,wasQendrickCarTStance(or 



City of Albany. 139 

whom a fort was erected in 1614, on the island below the city., known 
as Marten Gerritsen's or Castle Island, Boyd's island, etc. This island, 
which contains about 70 acres, will soon be difficult to identify, having 
been several years ago connected with the main land at the north end 
by an embankment, and the narrow inlet behind it, is rapidly filling up. 
That fort appears on the Figurative Map made in 1616, found by Mr. 
Broadhead in Holland. It was a stockade, 50 feet square, encircled by 
a ditch 18 feet wide, and was defended by 2 pieces of cannon, and 1 1 stone 
guns, and garrisoned by 12 men under Jacob Jacobs Elkens. The trading 
house within the fort was 36 by 26 feet. When it was carried away by 
the spring freshet in 1617, a spot was chosen near the outlet of the Nor- 
man's kill and a fort erected there. That place was abandoned in 1623, 
and a new fort built in what is now Broadway, at the new steam boat 
landing, near the site of the Fort Orange Hotel. The fort mounted 
eight large cannon, called by the Dutch stone gestucken, by which it is 
understood that they were loaded with stones instead of iron balls. It 
was named Fort Orange, in honor of the Prince of Orange, who then 
presided over the Netherlands. This fort was intended to afford con- 
venient accommodations for traffic with the Indians, and to serve as a 
protection against sudden attacks from them. It was only occupied 
during the autumn and winter by the traders, who as yet made no at- 
tempts at colonization In 1630, the commissary of the Dutch West 

India Company, purchased of the Indians two tracts on the west side of 
the river, for Ktliaen Van Rensselaer, a wealthy pearl merchant of Am- 
sterdam. The territory thus acquired included the fort, and the same 
year a number of colonists sailed from the Texel with their families, 
provided with farming implements, stock, and all other necessaries, and 
arrived at the mouth of the river on the 24th of May, after a passage of 
sixty-four days. On their arrival at Fort Orange, they were provided 
with humble accommodations in the vicinity. The names of the settlers 
that arrived this year, are given by Dr. O'Callaghan, in his History of 
New Netherland, vol. 1, p. 433, as follows: Wolfert Gerritsen, super- 
intendent of farms. Rutger Hendricksen van Soest, superintendent of 
the brewery. Seger Hendricksen van Soest, shepherd and plowman. 
Brandt Peelen van Nieukerke, schepen; he died in 1644; his descendants 
take the name of Brandt. Simon Dircksen Pos. Jan Tyssen, trumpeter, 
Andries Carstenssen, millwright. Laurens Laurcnssen and Barent TO- 
massen, sawyers. Arendt van Curler, commissary. Jacob Jansen Stol; 
succeeded Hendrick Albertsen as ferrymaster. Martin Gerrittsen van 
Bergen ; he had a lease of Castle Island, in 1668, which afterwards took 
his name. Claes Arissen. Roeloff Jansen van Maesterlandt, wife and 
family; came out as farmer to the patroon at $72 a year. Claes Claessen, 
his servant. Jacques Spierinck, Jacob Govertsen, Raynert Harmensen, 
and Bastiaen Jansen Krol. Albert Andriessen Bradt, de Noorman. It 
was from him that the Norman's kill takes its name, the water privilege 
of which he leased; as well as a large farm situated on that stream, 
which fell into the hands of Teunis Slingerland, who married his 

daughter, Engeltje Seven years later (1637) Mr. Van Rensselaer 

purchased the tract on the opposite side of the river, " for certain 
quantities of duffels, axes, knives and wampum," and thus became the 
proprietor of a tract of country 24 miles along the river, and 48 in extent, 
east and west. Over this extensive tract he possessed all the authority 



140 City of Albany. 

of a sovereign, and made a large outlay for its settlement, giving it the 
name ol'Rensselaerswyck. The administration of justice and the man- 
agement of its finaacial affairs he committed to the care of a commissary 
general. Fortunate in the selection of these, his colony prospered 
much more than that at New Amsterdam, and it was to the good offices 
of Van Curler, or Corlear, the first commissary, that the colonists at 
New Amsterdam were in'debled more than once, for their preservation 

from the hands of the Indians In 1642 Mr. Van Rensselaer sent 

over the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis as minister of Rensselaerswjck, 
at his private expense. It is not certain that he visited the colony him- 
self. He died in 1646, and the estate descended to bis son Johannes, 
then a minor; between whose agent and Gov. Stuyvesant serious diffi- 
culties occurred, which it was necessary to refer to the states general of 
Holland for arbitration In 1664 the province came into the pos- 
session of the English, when the name of Beverwyck, by which it had 
been known, was changed to Albany, that being one of the titles of the 
Duke of York. It had also been equally well known as Williamstadt, 
Fort Orange, and the Fuyck, which latter signifies the bend in the river. 
Fort Orange was built in 1623, an I Williamstadt in 1647 at the head of 
State street. The right of soil was confirmed to the patroon by a new 

patent, but the government was retained in the hands of the colony In 

1686, Gov. Dongan granted a charter to the citieeas of Albany. At first 
a trading station, then a hamlet, next a village, it was now dignified with 
the title of city. It has finally become the capital of the state the 
EMPIRE STATE! The charter gave the city an area of one mile in width 
on the river, and extendins in a north-west direction, at the same 
width, thirteen and a half miles, to the north line ofthe manor of Rens- 
selaerswyck; containing 7,160 acres. Peter Schuyler, the friend of the 
Indians, was namesl the first mayor, and the first common council con- 
sisted of the following persons: Peter Schuyler, mayor; Isaac Swinton, 
recorder; Robert Livingston, town clerk; Dirk Wessels, Jan Jans 
Bleecker, David Schuyler, Johannes Wendell, Lavinus Van Schaick, 
Adrian Gerritsen aldermen; Joachim Staats, John Lansingh, Isaac Ver- 
planck, Lawrence Van Ale, Albert Ryckman, Melgert Wynantse, assist- 
ant aldermen; Jan Bleecker, chamberlain; Richard Pretty, sheriff; 
James Parker, marshall The Schuyler family, for several genera- 
tions, exerted a powerful influence over the Indians. In all the treaties 
with them the city of Albany bore a conspicuous part; and so entirely 
had they won the confidence of the savages, that from the date of its 
settlement, it was never invaded by a hostile tribe; although, in 1689, 
when the citizens refused to submit to the administration of Leisler and 
Milborne, they yielded allegiance through fear of an Indian invasion. 
....During the revolution, the Albany committee nobly sustained their 
countrymen in the struggle. Burgoyne had boasted, at the commence- 
ment of the campaign, that his army should revel upon the spoils of 
Albany; but he only visited the city as a captive. Sir Henry Clinton 
twice attempted to invade it, but met with sufficient obstacles to prevent 

his success In 1795 the town of Colonie was annexed, forming 

the fifth ward. It became the capital of the slate in 1807. Since the 
introduction of steam boats and the completion of the canals, the growth 
of the city has been rapid, and the lines of rail roads, which connect it 
with Boston and Buffalo, are giving it a still greater impulse. From its 



City of Albany. 141 

central position, Albany forms a kind of natural entrepot between New 
York and a vast interior country, comprising the Canadas, part of Ohio, 
Michigan, Illinois, and even Wisconsin and Iowa, on the one side, and 
parts of the New England states on the other. Flour and other agri- 
cultural products form the principal articles of export. The city has 
about 120 streets, and is divided into ten wards. Its population, by the 
last census, was 41,139. Each ward elects two aldermen who, together 

with the mayor and recorder, form the Common Council The 

architecture of the city has undergone a very great change in the 
last 30 years. Many of the public and private buildings of Albany are 
now of an elegant and costly character. The Capitol, occupied for legis- 
lative purposes, the state courts and the state library; the State Hall, 
erected for the accommodation of the public officers; the City Hall, oc- 
cupied for city and county business, and the Albany Academy, all face 
the public square at the head of State street, and the foot of Washington 
street. A few rods south of these is the County Jail, and the Medical 
College, in Eagle street. The Female Academy is a handsome edifice, 
situated in North Pearl street. The Albany Exchange is situated at the 
foot of State street. The Orphan Asylum is located one mile west of 
the City Hall ; and the Penitentiary near Lydius street on the Delaware 
turnpike. These will be more fully described in another place, as well 
as the churches, and other important buildings The trade, com- 
merce and manufactures of Albany are important, and rapidly increas- 
ing. Its iron foundries are among the largest in the country. More 
stoves are manufactured here, than in any other city or town in the 
Union. It has extensive manufactories of pianofortes, leather, 
coaches, sleighs, hats, caps and bonnets, the three latter to the amount 
of nearly a million of dollars a year. In addition to the above, the 
Albany Nail Works, near Troy, the most extensive establishment of the 
kind in America, are principally owned in Albany, as also an extensive 
satinet factory, and flouring mills on the Patroon's creek. The Erie 
and Champlain canals, which form a junction eight miles above, enter 
the Hudson at the north end of the city, where a capacious basin has 
been formed, of more than a mile in length, by means of a pier inclosing 
a part of what was anciently termed the Fuyck, or bend in the river, of 
32 acres area, affording a winter harbor for boats, as well as safe pro- 
tection to vessels navigating the river or canals, and commodious wharf- 
age. The Mohawk and Hudson rail road, among the first roads built in 
the country, and connected with the Utica and Schenectady, and Saratoga 
andSchenectady rail roads, terminates at Albany. The Albany and West 
Stockbridge rail road connects with the Western rail road at the stale line, 
between Massachusetts and New York, forming a continuous line of rail 
roads from Albany to Boston. The termination of these rail roads and 
canals at Albany, renders it the centre of trade and transhipment, and has 
opened to the enterprise of her merchants and artisans an extent of 
country unsurpassed in its wealth and resources. In 1832 a company 
was incorporated with a capital of three millions, 1o connect Albany 
with New York by a rail road on the margin of the river, but it was 
not until 1847 that efficient measures were taken to carry out that great 
project, when a new charter was granted by the legislature, the stock 
subscribed, and a portion of the road is already constructed, and will be 
jn operation over a considerable length of it in 1849. 



142 



County of Albany. 



COUNTY OF ALBANY. 

Albany county was organized under Gov. Dongan, in 1683, when it 
comprised the whole of the state north and west of Dutchess and Ulster 
counties, and part of Vermont. In 1757, the number of taxable inhabitants 
was 3,800; in 1767, 5,014; and in 1786, after several counties had been 
set off, 72,360. In 1772 a very large tract was severed and took the name 
of Montgomery county, out of which a good many counties have since 
been formed. In the same year Washington county was also set off on the 
east side of the Hudson. On the 4th of April, 1786, an act passed the 
legislature, erecting the southeast part of the county of Albany into a new 
county, by the name of Columbia. In 1788, Clinton county was formed 
from the northern extremity whose census in 1790 was 1222 ! and that of 
Columbia county 27,552, of which 1630 were slaves. The following is a 
table of the towns which comprised the county of Albany in 1790, and the 
census of each ; the orthography is also preserved. 



Towns. 


Males. 


Females. 


Slaves. 


Total. 




1,467 


1,467 


572 


3 506 


Water. Vliet, 


3,456 


3.481 


730 


7,667 


Rensselaerwyck, 


3,972 


3,504 


572 


8,048 


Stephentown 


3 652 


3 362 


28 


7 042 




979 


936 


154 


2,069 


Duansburgh, 


787 


704 


4 


1,495 




1 979 


,871 


467 


4 317 




1,542 


,455 


36 


3,033 




1,818 


.668 


121 


3,607 




1 626 


488 


302 


3 416 




1,625 


,394 


62 


3,081 


Cattskill, 


836 


844 


308 


1,988 


Ballston , 


3 640 


3,117 


66 


6,823 




786 


694 


137 


1,617 




2,515 


2,404 


48 


4 967 


Stillwater 


1,559 


1,428 


65 


3 052 




1 266 


1 179 


57 


2 502 




1,260 


1.134 


31 


2 425 




873 


869 


6 


1 748 


Rensselaer-Ville,. 


1 450 


1 316 


\l 


2 777 














37,0>'8 


34,315 


3.777 


75,180 



It was ascertained that the county of Ontario at the same time exceeded 
three thousand! In 1791, the legislature divided Albany into three ooun. 
ties, Albany, Rensselaer and Saratoga. By this arrangement, the popula. 
tion of Albany was 28,192, Rensselaer 29,634, and Saratoga 17,463. 
The rapidly increasing population of the state required the division of the 
other large counties which had been formed by the dismemberment of 
Albany ; the counties of Tioga, Otsego and Herkimer were cut off from 
Montgomery, in portions that afterwards admitted of subdivisions. In 1794 



' "1 





County of Albany. 145 

the legislature had in contemplation a design to take another corner from 
Albany county ; but at the adjournment of that body, it remained in the 
senate, which passed a resolution at its close, that the further considera- 
tion of the bill entitled "An act to erect certain lands into a separate 
county by the name of Delaware/' be postponed until the next session. 
The boundaries of the proposed county described in the bill are curious : 
" All that part of the counties of Albany, Ulster and Otsego, beginning at 
the Susquehanna river, at the mouth of the Unadilla, and running from 
thence along the division line, between the counties of Otsego and Tioga 
southerly, to the mouth of a brook called Aughquago, which runs into 
Delaware river near a place called the Cook house ; and thence down the 
said river to a place ten miles below Shohakin, measured along the said 
river as it runs, and thence northeasterly to the mouth of a creek called the 
East kill, which runs into the Schoharie kill; and up the middle of the 
Stony kill to the head thereof, to a hemlock tree marked with the letters 
W. I. I. W., and thence northwest to the Adiquataygie or Charlotte 
river; and thence down the middle thereof to the Susquehanna river; 
and thence down the middle of the same to the place of beginning, shall 
be and hereby is erected into a separate county by the name of Delaware." 
This county was not formed until 1797, when it was taken wholly from 
Otsego and Tioga. The county of Albany then comprised the following 
towns: Albany, Schenectady, Catskill, Coxsackie, Schoharie, Berne, 
Coeymans, Bethlehem, Rensselaerville, Watervliet, Duanesburgh, Free- 
hold. The number of electors in the city was 765; in the county, 6087. 
The following is a list of the taxable inhabitants of the towns in the 
county of Albany, in July, 1795 



Albany, 806 

Watervliet, 573 

Coxsackie, 600 

Catskill 354 

Freehold,, 524 

Coeymans, 354 



Bethlehem, 350 

Rensselaerville, 495 

Schohary 507 

Duanesburgh, 400 

Berne, 386 

Schenectady, 747 



In 1809, the corporation of the city of Schenectady applied to the legis- 
lature for another division of Albany county, taking the city of Schenec- 
tady, the towns of Duanesburgh, and Princetown, and so much of the town 
of Watervliet as lay beyond the manor line. On a division of the house 
there were 8 in favor of the new county. This was the final subdivision, 
leaving the county as it now stands, when it consisted of Albany, Coey- 
mans, Watervliet, Rensselaerville, Berne, Colonie, Bethlehem, and Guil- 
derland. Some of these have been subdivided, and otherwise altered, but 
the territory is believed to be the same. Its boundaries will be seen on the 
accompanying map. It consists of the following towns, with the date of 
their incorporation : 



1686 Albany 
1688 Watervliet 

1790 Rensselaerville 

1791 Coeymans 
1793 Bethlehem 



1795 Berne 

1803 Guilderland 

1815 Westerlo 

1822 Knox 

1832 New Scotland. 



j/yd uetmenem isdz IN ew Scotland. 

The greatest length of the county is 28 miles ; breadth 21 ; containing 

13 



I , * , . . , V *!<% ' - 

WN ^H^I ^w WOTK *PWP HP^WI^ vnfm ^r ^*wjyw ^w^v wvwwr V9 ^M WK 

* . v 

h ^^ ^^^ V^kM^^kw >^* felW^ ftk^t^^jy^ ^ iJUhJ^ AMft^ MfeJM>Jki^S^ t^LM^Jlw **l 
* . . * , ' t * * i * \ ' . . ' . ' , , ' . ' . , ' , ' t v \ .'V 

^UMk kuA touK AkMtfMM M4te\Jv% WokikJl A'ti 
W^^^ % VW Vr? ^^W^P^ i^^Vw TWTP^WI^ WW 

'V . V * . -. > * ' 'V * i * 



P9 9WM WRV^ttRPN^i^x ^ VM 4^NMRHV1^^K WMv 
wn\ ^K ^ffA xVWIPWs 'IPPPRPW ^WRl ^W^ \4Mp 



... .... . .v ......... ..... . > I ...1 -. ..>.,. ..-, . S 




frriUfl water paver 
fall the Coboe7 hariog 



E 



visitors from all 

is 140 

ofspiadles,wiiAallthe 
statistics of 



o/ <4/&<my. 147 

abo Bearhr extbgtttthed. The principal water- 
a perpeadknilir JMeiat of Dearly 70 feet, pot- 



tVoftbe 



TW total fcl/oftbe Mo- 
to propel at lea* one 



The statistics of the county, a* presented by the last 



1 



City of Albany, 
Bethlehem, ... 

Bern. 





New Scotland, 



WesterJo, 

Watery Uet, .. 



2,3*7 
27,647 
29,293 
22,179 
19,5*1 
2 ^ 
20,2*1 

i m 

23,303 



1? 



M,734 



34.630 
26>70 



!i M ,< a 

,750( 



41,20* 
39,420 



,501 
,079 

,w 

,821 

, MB 



29,670, 5,672 



,565 
,790 
,473 
,494 

,082 
,601 

,768 
. 1C 
5,537 



41,139 
3,315 
3,667 
2,978 
2,995 
2,161 
I, 
I, M 

gs 

11,209; 



7^77 
705 

M 

681 
682 
500 
754 

Mi 

2 m 



l ** 

775 
|,M3 

767 
694 
612 

K^3 

1'S 

i-, no 



Cityof 



CoeymaM, . 
GaiJderlaad, 



Kox,.... 
New Scotland,. 



Wester lo 
WalerrJtel, 



laerv 



!3 




2 2 



11 1 






----- 






-> _>:* 3 



i l 



3 ,'3 


7 



Mttltt 12 1 9 



i 



148 Assembly Districts A Remarkable Winter. 



1 Medical College 
3 Academies 


40 lunatics 
26,840 neat cattle 


2 Female Seminaries 


13.939 milch cows 


1 Normal School 


10,780 horses 


160 Inns 


66,536 sheep 


172 Wholesale stores 


32,870 hogs 


642 retail do 


28,921 acres oats 


478 groceries 


624,038 bush, do harvested 


2 oil mills 


15,705 acres rye 


15 iron works 


163,894 bush, harvested 


1 distillery 


10.250 acres corn 


2 asheries 


208-254 bush, do harvested 


7 breweries 


5,341 acres wheat 


46 manufactories 


44,149 bush, do harvested 


1 paper mill 


421 acres flax 


1 clover mill 


34,984 Ibs. raised 


3 oil cloth factories 


5,762 acres potatoes 


9 rope factories 


404.594 bush, raised 


4558 farmers 


173 acres turnips 


858 merchants 


12,219 bush, raised 


203 manufactories 


10,973 acres buckwheat 


4729 mechanics 


183.274 bush, raised 


187 attorneys 


491 acres beans 


88 clergymen 

A Ct U ' 


4,487 bush, raised 


142 physicians 
9 Indians 


3,522 acres peas 
51,252 bush, raised 


26 blind 
15 deaf and dumb 


7,603 acres barley 
120,978 bush, raised 



ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS. 

The city and county of Albany is divided into four districts, as follows: 

1st List. First and second wards of Albany, towns of Bethlehem, 
Coeymans, Westerlo and Rensselaerville. 

2d Dist. Tenth ward of Albany, towns of Guilderland, New Scot- 
land, Knox and Berne. 

Zd Dist. Third, fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth wards of Albany. 

4th Disf .- Seventh and ninth wards of Albany, and town of Water- 
Tliet. 



A REMARKABLE WINTER. 

A meteorological table was kept for the month of January, 1802, and 
published in the Gazette, by which it appears that the lowest range of 
the thermometer was 10 deg., and the highest 55^ deg. above zero. The 
winter was so remarkably mild as to have more the appearance of 
April; the river was navigable 17 days, so that vessels passed from 
Albany to New York, and at no time was the ice strong enough for any 
team to pass on it, and not more than ! inches of snow fell within two 
miles of the city during the months of December and January, 



Albany County Penitentiary. 



149 




ALBANY COUNTY PENITENTIARY. 

This establishment is located near the junction of Lydius street with 
the Delaware turnpike, about half a mile distant in a westerly direction 
from the Capitol. The lands belonging lo it include four entire squares, 
as laid down upon the city map, and contain between ten and twelve 
acres. The buildings occupy a beautiful and commanding elevation, 
facing eastward, and present an imposing appearance. As will be seen 
by the engraving, they comprise a centre building, three stories high 
besides the basement, 50 feet front and 75 in depth; and two wings, 
each 100 feet long and 50 feet wide, exclusive of the octagonal towers 
"which flank them. The interior of the south wing forms a spacious 
hall, 98 feet long, 46 feet wide, and 32 feet high, in the centre of which 
is a massive block of 96 cells, four tiers in height, with stair cases and 
surrounding galleries. These cells are each, in the inside, 7 feet by 4, 
and 7 feet high, supplied with iron bed steads and other necessary fur- 
niture. Each cell has a separate and distinct ventilator. The doors are 
made of round iron bars, which when closed admit nearly as much air 
and light as when open. The hall is also well ventilated, spacious, light 
and airy. Besides these, there are 10 larger cells in the octagon towers; 
making in all 106 cells. This wing is appropriated exclusively to male 
convicts. In the north wing, occupied by the females, is a block of 40 
cells, similar to those just described, with 8 larger ones in the towers, 
corresponding with those in the southern octagons, making a total of 48 
cells. The remainder of this wing is divided into work rooms for the 
women, and for various other uses. The whole prison contains 154 
cells, or dormitories, of which about 144 are used for ordinary purposes. 
The number, however, can be increased from time to time as occasion 
may require. The front portion of the central building is appropriated 
to the residence of the superintendent, his family and the subordinate 
officers. On the first story, in rear, are the guard chamber, matron'* 
room, &c., &c. In the rear of the second story is the male hospital, a 
fine apartment 28 by 32 feet $ also a female hospital, and a dispensatory 






150 Albcmy County Penitentiary. 

connected with both. The third story is handsomely fitted up as a 
chapel, 36 by 48 feet, furnished with pulpit, seats, &c., in which divine 
service is regularly held on each sabbath day. A sabbath school has 
likewise been instituted. The rear part of the basement is devoted to 
the culinary operations of the prison, most of which are performed by 
steam j adjoining this is the laundry and bake house. The whole estab- 
lishment is warmed by hot air furnaces, and furnished with a copious 
supply of good water; and hot and cold water are distributed wherever 
necessary. 

A brick wall. 14 feet high, extending 105 feet beyond the wings, paral- 
lel with the front, and running thence 200 feet to the rear, on each side, 
has been erected. This wall, surmounted by towers, or guard-houses, 
at the angles, and a sentry walk at top, surrounds the whole prison 
yard, in the centre of which is a range of work-shops for male convicts, 
150 feet long by 28 wide, with cellars of the same size beneath, for the 
prison stores. 

The dimensions of the prison, including the walls and yard, are 460 feet 
front and rear, and 250 feet deep, covering an area of nearly Ihree acres. 
All the buildings are constructed of brick and stone, and are fire-proof. 
The bricks were mostly made on the ground, and all the work, usually 
denominated laborer's work, in and about the premises, from the com- 
mencement of the establishment, has been performed by the prisoners. 
The ground was purchased at the very low price of $3000. The cost of 
the buildings, exclusive of convict labor, was $35,000. Including in- 
terest on that part of the money borrowed for the purpose, and all other 
contingencies, the total cost is somewhat upwards of $40,000, which by 
law is directed to be raised in eight equal annual instalments. Three 
of these instalments have been already added to the county taxes and 
paid, without enhancing the previous rate of taxation, for the reason, 
that the former average annual amount of criminal expenses were, by 
this change of system, sufficiently lessened to defray them ; and it is 
believed that this effect will continue until the whole is paid. The un- 
dertaking therefore adds nothing to the public burden ; on the contrary 
it must result in pecuniary gain, for the county acquires this valuable 
property, (which will always be worth its cost), entirely from the savings 
made on the former system. 

The Penitentiary is principally designed for the confinement, employ- 
ment and reformation of vagrants and petty criminals, for whom no 
adequate provision had previously existed. Before its erection, it had 
been customary to punish these delinquents by simple incarceration in 
the county jail, where, in utter idleness, corrupted and corrupting each 
other by indiscriminate intercourse, they remained until the expiration 
of their sentences, and in most cases, when discharged it was only to 
return thither in a few days, or weeks at most, to go through the 
same routine. This course of treatment, so far from having any ter- 
rors, or constituting any punishment, had an opposite effect. The jail 
became a fruitful source of demoralization and vice, while the cost of 
its maintenance, coupled with the attendant expenses of trials, courts 
and juries, was annually increasing at an alarming rate. In 1843 the 
supervisors took the subject into serious consideration. They deter- 
mined that some measures should be adopted whereby this class of 
persons might if possible be reclaimed, and at the same time be cqm. 






Albany County Penitentiary. 151 

pelled to earn, if not all, atleast a part of their subsistence. The neces- 
sary legislative authority was obtained in 1344. Messrs. Samuel Pruyn 
and Barent P. Staats of the city of Albany, and Lewis M. Dayton of 
the town of Rensselaerville, were appointed commissioners to devise a 
system of punishment, and a plan for the construction, management and 
discipline of a penitentiary. In due time the commissioners made their 
report, which being approved, the ground was purchased, and the 
buildings commenced in the summer of 1845. The south wing was 
first erected, and became ready for the reception of male prisoners in 
April, 1846. During the remainder of that year, and the beginning of 
the next, the central edifice and north wing were built, and in June, 
1847, females were first admitted. The whole number of convicts which 
have entered the Penitentiary up to the first of November, 1848, is 831, 
of which number 143 then remained, namely, 101 males, and 42 females. 

The county authorities were extremely fortunate in their arrange- 
ments. In 1846 Amos Pilsbury, for many years previously the warden 
of the Connecticut state prison, accepted the office of superintendent or 
principal keeper of the Penitentiary, for which he was eminently fitted 
by his long experience and great success in the management of prisons 
and prisoners. The discipline established is that known by the name 
of the silent system. It contemplates united labor, perfect order, silence 
and obedience. The physical and mental necessities of the convicts are 
carefully and fully supplied, and they are constantly, by night as well 
as by day, under the personal surveillance of the officers. The limits 
of this article will not admit of a lengthened detail of the precise mode 
pursued; it is sufficient to say that it has been attended with beneficial 
effects ; several cases of complete and radical reformation have occurred, 
in which the subjects have returned to a moral and virtuous course of 
life. Under the experienced government of Mr . Pilsbury, it is said 
that in the Albany Penitentiary the silent, or as it is sometimes called 
the Auburn system, is more perfectly and efficiently administered than 
in any other prison. Besides the superintendent, there are also a deputy- 
keeper, 4 assistants, 2 guards, or watchmen, a matron, and assistant. 
The institution is also provided with a chaplain and physician. The 
whole is under the joint control of the supervisors of the county and 
the mayor and recorder of the city ; who, through a board of three in- 
spectors by them appointed, direct its concerns. 

One feature in the management of the Penitentiary should be favor- 
ably noticed, as creditable to the good sense of the county government. 
The institution being purely benevolent and philanthropic in its objects, 
the supervisors early and wisely determined that no political or partizan 
considerations should enter into or influence its affairs. On this prin- 
ciple they have acted, and to it in a great measure may the success of 
the enterprise be attributed. Without enquiring into the particular 
creed of individuals on political subjects, it is quite sufficient that the 
persons to whom its direction is confided, are honest, capable, and dis- 
charge their duties with fidelity. 

The commissioners deserve commendation for the ability with which 
they have discharged an important trust. Especially to Samuel Pruyn, 
now and for many years one of our city supervisors, belongs the credit of 
originating and accomplishing this great philanthropic design. His in- 
defatigable zeal and perseverance, aided by the good counsel of his col- 



152 Commission of John Abeel. 

leagues, Dr. B- P. Staats and Lewis M. Dayton, has overcome every diffi- 
culty and discouragement. The Albany Penitentiary is destined to be the 
pioneer of a new system of criminal punishment. Already has the 
county of Erie imitated it, and in Ihe county of Onondaga preparations 
are making for a similar establishment. If it be a desideratum that the 
county prisons in the slate of New York shall become self-supporting 
institutions, and at the same time reformatory in morals, there is no 
hazard in predicting that the example will be extensively followed. 
The county of Albany has aided materially in hastening a great and im- 
portant result in political economy. The larger counties will sooner or 
later adopt the plan, while the smaller onts may unite together and 
erect district penitentiaries. 



COMMISSION OF JOHN ABEEL 1694. 

I am indebted to A. Heyer Brown for the following copy of an ancient 
commission in his possession. John Abeel was the first mayor of Albany 
who was commissioned in this way, Peter Schuyler, who preceded him, 
having been named in the charter. In digging for the purpose of laying 
the foundation of the iron railing which was placed in front of the Mid- 
dle Dutch Church a few years ago, the workmen exhumed the bones of 
many persons who had been interred there, among them doubtless those 
of Mr. Abeel, as his tombstone was thrown out with the others, and 
was afterwards placed in the pavement of the side walk. This docu- 
ment is written in a very bold old English character, and has the original 
seal attached, which is a cake of wax about three inches in diame- 
ter, and three-fourths of an inch in thickness, stamped with the British 
arms. In copying it the original orthography has been preserved. 

WILLIAM &, MARY by the Grace of God of England Scotland France 
& Ireland King & Queen defenders of the Faith &c To our loving 
subject John Abeel Esqr Greeting Reposing special trust and confidence 
in your Loyalty prudence and circumspection We do hereby nominate 
constitute and appoint you to be Mayor of the city of Albany for one 
year next ensuing y e fourteenth of October instant w th full power and 
authority to execute and perform all things whatsoever belonging to said 
office in as full and ample manner as any former Mayor of the said city 
hath done or might have lawfully done executed and performed To 
Hold Exercisse and enjoy the said office of Mayor of the said city with 
all things thereunto belonging and to have and receive all fees Salarys 
profitls perquisites benefits advantages priviledges immunities pre- 
hemmencys and t appurtenances Whatsoever to the said office belong- 
ing or in any way appurtaining during the term aforesaid In Testimony 
whereof we have caused the seal of our province of New York in 
America to be hereunto affixed Witness Benjamin Fletcher our Capt 
General and Governor in Chiefe of our Province of New York Province 
of Pensilvania County of New Castle and the Territorys and Tracts of 
Land depending thereon in America and Vice Admiral of the same Our 
Lieut and Commander in chief of the Militia & of all the forces by Sea 
& Land within our Colony of Connecticut and of all thefortsand places 
of Strength within the same on this fourth day of October in the sixth 
year of our Reign Anno Dom 1694 DAVID JAMISON P Secry 




Travel in Ntw York, 1796. 153 



LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF TRAVELING IN NEW YORK 
FIFTY YEARS AGO. 

[In 1795, Mr. Isaac Weld Junior, viewing the frightful progress of an- 
archy in Europe, was desirous of " ascertaining whether in case of future 
emergency, any part of the United States might be looked forward to 
as an eligible place of abode. 1 ' He accordingly made the tour of the 
United Slates and Canada, and like a great many others of his genus, 
found very little to his taste, and nothing to give him the " slightest 
wish to revisit it." He could not learn that the trees in the wilderness 
were any where more than seven or eight feet in diameter! nor was 
there much of any thing on a sufficiently grand scale to meet his antici- 
pations, except the musquitoes which he found at Whitehall. He ar- 
rived at New York in the summer of 1796, and gives the following ac- 
count of his approach to, vexations at, and departure from, Albany.] 

Being anxious to proceed on our journey before the season was too 
far advanced, and also particularly desirous of quitting New York on 
account of the fevers, which, it was rumored, were increasing very fast, 
we took our passage for Albany, in one of the sloops trading constantly 
on the North river, between New York and that place, and embarked 
on the 2d day of July, about two o'clock in the afternoon. Scarcely a 
breath of air was stirring at the time; but the tide carried us up at the 
rate of about two miles and a half an hour. The sky remained all day 
as serene as possible, and as the water was perfectly smooth, it reflected 
in a most beautiful manner the images of the various objects on the 
shore, and of the numerous vessels dispersed along the river at different 
distances, and which seemed to glide along, as it were, by the power of 
magic, for the sails all hung down loose and motionless. The sun, set- 
ting in all his glory, ad led fresh beauties to this calm and peaceable 
scene, and permitted us for the last time to behold the distant spires of 
New York, illumined by his parting rays. To describe all the grand 
and beautiful prospects presented to the view on passing this noble 
river, would be an endless task; all the various effects that can be sup- 
posed to arise from a happy combination of wood and water, of hill and 
dale, are here seen in the greatest perfection. After sunset, a brisk 
wind sprang up, which carried us on at the rate of six or seven miles 
an hour, for a considerable part of the night; but for some hours we 
had to lie at anchor at a place where the navigation of the river was 
too difficult to proceed in the dark. Our sloop was no more than seventy 
tons burthen by register; but the accommodations she afforded were 
most excellent, and far superior to what might be expected on board so 
small a vessel ; the cabin was equally large with that in a common mer. 
chant vessel of three hundred tons, built for crossing the ocean. This 
was owing to the great breadth of her beam, which was no less than 
twenty-two feet and a half, although her length was only fifty-five feet. 
All the sloops engaged in this trade, are built nearly on the same con- 
struction; short, broad, and verp shallow, few of them draw more than 
five or six feet of water, so that they are only calculated for sailing 
upon smooth water. The highlands, as they are called, extend along 
the river on each side for several miles. The breadth of the river is 
here considerably contracted, and such sudden gusts of wind, commenc- 



154 Travel in New York, 1796. 

ing from between the mountains, sometimes blow through the narrow 
passes, that vessels sometimes have their topmasts carried away. The 
captain of the sloop we were in, said that his mainsail was once blown 
into tatters in an instant, and a part of it carried on shore. When the 
sky is lowering, they usually take in sail going along this part of the 
river. 

About four o'clock in the morning of the 4th of July, we reached 
Albany, the place of our destination, one hundred and sixty miles distant 
from New York. Albany is a city, and contains about eleven hundred 
houses; the number however is increasing fast, particularly since the 
removal of the state government from New York. In the old part of 
the town the streets are very narrow, and the houses are frightful; they 
are all built in the old Dutch taste, with the gable end towards the 
street, and ornamented on the top with large iron weathercocks; but in 
that part which has been lately erected, the streets are commodious, 
and many of the houses are handsome. Great pains have been taken 
to have the streets well paved and lighted. Here are four places for 
public worship, and an hospital. Albany is in summer time a very dis- 
agreeable place; it stands in a low situation, just on the margin of the 
river, which runs very slow here, and towards the evening often exhales 
clouds of vapors; immediately behind the town, likewise, is a large 
sandbank, that prevents a free circulation of air, while at the same time 
it powerfully reflects the rays of the sun, which shines in full force upon 
it the whole day. Notwithstanding all this, however, the climate is 
deemed very salubrious. The inhabitants of this place, a few years 
ago, were almost entirely of Dutch extraction; but now strangers are 
Hocking to it from all quarters, as there are few places in America more 
advantageously situated for commerce. The flourishing state of its 
trade has already been mentioned; it bids fair to rival that of New 
York in process of time. The fourth of July, the day of our arrival at 
Albany, was the anniversary of the declaration of American indepen- 
dence, and on our arrival we were told that great preparations were 
making for its celebration. A drum and trumpet, towards the middle 
of the day, gave notice of the commencement of the rejoicings, and on 
walking to a hill about a quarter of a mile from the town, we saw sixty 
men drawn up, partly militia, partly volunteers, partly infantry, partly 
cavalry; the latter were clothed in scarlet, and mounted on horses of 
various descriptions. About three hundred spectators attended. A few 
rounds were fired from a three pounder, and some volleys of small 
arms. The firing was finished before one hour was expired, and then 
the troops returned to town, a party of militia officers in uniform march- 
ing in the rear, under the shade of umbrellas, as the day was excessively 
hot. Having reached town, the whole body immediately dispersed. 
The volunteers and militia officers afterwards dined together; and so 
ended the rejoicings of the day ; no public ball, no general entertainment 
was there of any description. A day still fresh in the memory of every 
American, nnd which appears so glorious in the annals of their country, 
would, it might be expected, have called forth more brilliant and more 
general rejaicings ; but the downright phlegmatic people in this neigh- 
borhood, intent upon making money, and enjoying the solid advantages 
of the revolution, are but little disposed to waste their time in 
they consider idle demonstrations of joy. 



Travel in New York, 1796. 155 

We retrained in Albany for a few days, and then set off for Skenes- 
borough, in Lake Champlain, in a carriage hired for the purpose. The 
hiring of this vehicle was a matter attended with some trouble, and de- 
tained us longer in the town than we wished to stay. There were only 
two carriages to be had in the whole place, and the owners having an 
understanding with each other, and thinking that we should be forced 
to give whatever price they asked, positively refused to let us have either 
of them for less than seventy dollars, equal to fifteen guineas. We on 
our part as positively refused to comply with a demand which we knew 
to be exorbitant, and resolved to wait patiently in Albany for some other 
conveyance, rather than submit to such an imposition. The fellows 
held out for two days, but at the end of that time, one of them came to 
tell us we might have his carriage for half the price, and accordingly 
we took it. Early the next morning we set off, and in about two hours 
arrived at the small village of Cohoz, close to which is the remarkable 

fall in the Mohawk river, about ten miles from Albany From hence 

we proceeded along the banks of the Hudson river, through the town of 
Stillwater, which receives its name from the uncommon stillness of the 
river opposite to it, and late in the evening reached Saratoga, thirty-five 
miles from Albany. This place contains about forty houses, and a 
Dutch Reformed church, but they are so scattered about ; that it has not 
the smallest appearance of a town. In this neighborhood, upon the 
borders of a marsh, are several very remarkable mineral springs ; one 
of them, in the crater of a rock, of a pyramidical form, about five feet 
in height, is particularly curious. This rock seems to have been formed 
by the petrifactions of the water: all the other springs are likewise sur- 
rounded with petrifactions of the same kind. The water in the princi- 
pal spring, except at the beginning of the summer, when it regularly 
overflows, remains about eight inches below the rim of the crater, and 
bubbles up as if boiling. The crater is nine inches in diameter. The 
various properties of the water have not been yet ascertained with any 
great accuracy ; but it is said to be impregnated with a fossil acid and 
some saline substance; there is also a great portion of fixed air in it. 
An opportunity is here afforded for making some curious experiments. 
If animals be put down into the crater, they will be immediately suffo- 
cated; but if not kept there too long, they recover again upon being 
brought into the open air. If a lighted candle be put down, the flame 
will be extinguished in an instant, and not even the slightest spark left 
in the wick. If the water immediately taken from the spring be put into 
a bottle, closely corked, and then shaken, either the cork will be forced 
out with an explosion, or the bottle will be broken,- but if left in an open 
vessel, it becomes vapid in less than half an hour. The water is very 
pungent to the taste, and acts as a cathartic on some people, as an 
emetic on others. 

Of the works thrown up at Saratoga by the British and American 
armies during the war, there are now scarcely any remains. The 
country round about is well cultivated, and the trenches have been 
mostly levelled by the plow. We here crossed the Hudson river, and 
proceeded along its eastern shore as far as Fort Edward, where it is 
lost to the view, for the road still runs on towards the north, whilst the 
river takes a sudden bend to the west. Fort Edward was dismantled 
prior to the late American war ; but the opposite armies, during that 



156 Travel in New York, 1796. 

unhappy contest, were both in the neighborhood. The town of the 
same name, is at the distance of one or two hundred yards from it, and 
contains about twenty houses. Thus far we had got on tolerably wellj 
but from hence To Fort Anne, which was also dismantled prior to the 
late war, the road is most wretched, particularly over a long causeway 
between the two forts, formed originally for the transporting of cannon, 
the soil here being extremely moist and heavy. The causeway consists 
of large trees laid side by side transversely, some of which having de- 
cayed, great intervals are left, wherein the wheels of the carriage were 
sometimes locked so fast, that the horses alone could not possibly ex- 
tricate them. To have remained in the carriage over this part of the 
road, would really have been a severe punishment; for although boasted 
of as being the very best in Albany, it had no sort of springs, and was 
in fact little better than a common waggon; we therefore alighted, took 
our guns, and amused ourselves with shooting as we walked along 
through the woods. The woods here had a much more majestic ap- 
pearance than any that we had before met with on our way from Phila* 
delphia; this, however, was owing more to the great height than to the 
thickness of the trees, for I could not see one that appeared more than 
thirty inches in diameter; indeed, in general, the girt of the trees in the 
woods of America is very small in proportion to the height, and trifling 
in comparison of that of the forest trees in Great Britain. The thickest 
trees I ever saw in the country was that of a sycamore, which grew 
upon the bank of the Skenandoah river, just at its junction with the 
Patowmac, in a bed of rich earth, close to the water; yet this tree was 
no more than about four feet four inches in diameter. On the low 
lands in Kentucky, and on some of the bottoms in the western territory, 
it is said that trees are commonly to be met with seven and eight feet 
in diameter. 

Beyond Fort Anne, which is situated at the distance of eight miles 
from Fort Edward, the roads being better, we once more mounted into 
our vehicle ; but the miserable horses, quite jaded, now made a dead 
stop; in vain the driver bawled, and stamped, and swore; his whip had 
been previously worn out some hours, owing to the frequent use he 
had made of it, and the animals no longer feeling its heavy lash, seemed 
as determined as the mules of the abbess of Andouilles to go no farther* 
In this situation we could not help bantering the fellow upon the excel- 
lence of his cattle, which he had boasted so much of at setting out, and 
he was ready to cry with vexation at what we said ; but having acci- 
dentally mentioned the sum we had paid for the carriage, his passion 
could no longer be restrained, and it broke forth in all its fury. It ap- 
peared that he was the owner of two of the horses, and for the use of 
them, and for driving the carriage, he was to have had one-half of the 
hire; but the man whom we had agreed with, and paid at Albany, had 
given him only ten dollars as his moiety, assuring him, at the same 
time, that it was exactly the half of what we had given, although in 
reality it fell short of the sum by seven dollars and a half. Thus cheat- 
ed by his companion, and left in the lurch by his horses, he vowed ven- 
geance against him on his return ; but as protestations of this nature 
would not bring us any sooner to our journey's end. and as it was ne- 
cessary that something should be immediately done, if we did not wish 
to remain all night in the woods, we suggested the idea, in the mean* 



Travel in New York, 1796. 157 

time, of his conducting the foremost horses as postillion, whilst one of 
our seivants should drive the pair next to the wheel. This plan was 
not started with any degree of seriousness, for we could not have sup- 
posed that a tall meagre fellow, upwards of six feet high, and clad in a 
pair of thin nankeen breeches, would very readily bestride the raw 
boned back of a horse, covered wilh the profuse exudations which the 
intense heat of the weather, and the labor the animal had gone through, 
necessarily excited. As much tired, however, wilh our pleasantries as 
we were of his vehicle, and thinking of nothing, I believe, but how he 
could best get rid of us, he eagerly embraced the proposal, and accord- 
ingly, having furnished himself with a switch from the adjoining thicket, 
he 5 mounted his harnessed Rosinante. In this style we proceeded; but 
more than once did our gigantic postillion turn round to bemoan the 
sorry choice he had made; as often did we urge the necessity of getting 
out of the woods; he could make no answer; so jogging slowly along, 
we at last reached the little town of Skenesborough, much to the amuse- 
ment of every one who beheld our equipage, and much to our own satis- 
faction ; for, owing to the various accidents we had met with, such as 
traces breaking, bridles slipping off the heads of the horses, and the 
noble horses themselves sometimes slipping down, &c., &c , we had been 
no less than five hours travelling the last twelve miles. 

Skenesborough stands just above the junction of Wood creek with 
South river, as it is called in the best maps, but which, by the people in 
the neighborhood, is considered as a part of Lake Champlain. At pre- 
sent there are only about twelve houses in the place; but if the naviga- 
tion of Wood creek is ever opened, so as to connect Lake Champlain 
with the North river, a schi-me which has already been seriously thought 
of, it will, doubtless, soon become a trading town of considerable im- 
portance, as all the various productions of the shores of the lake will 
then be collected there for the New York and Albany markets. Not- 
withstanding all the disadvantages of a land carriage of forty miles to 
the North river, a small portion of flour and potash, the staple commo- 
dities of the state of New York, is already sent to Skenesborough from 
different parts of the lake, to be forwarded to Albany. A considerable 
trade also is carried on through this place, and over Lake Champlain, 
between New York and Canada. Furs and horses principally are sent 
from Canada, and in return they get East India goods and various manu- 
factures. 

Skenesborough is most dreadfully infested with musquitoes; so many 
of them attacked us the first night of our sleeping there, that when 
we arose in the morning our faces and hands were covered all over 
with large pustules, precisely like those of a person in the small- 
pox. This happened too, notwithstanding that the people of the house, 
before we went to bed, had taken all the pains possible to clear the 
room of them, by fumigating it with the smoke of green wood, and after- 
wards securing the windows with gauze blinds; and even on the second 
night, although we destroyed many dozens of them on the walls, after a 
similar fumigation had been made, yet we suffered nearly as much. 
These insects were of a much larger size than any I ever saw elsewhere, 
and their bite was uncommonly venomous. Gen. Washington told me, 
that he never was so much annoyed by musquitoes in any part of Ame- 
rica, as in Skenesborough, for they used to bile through the thickest boot ' 

14 



158 Eutten Kill Brick. 

Musquitoes appear to be particularly fond of the fresh blood of Eu- 
ropeans, who always suffer much more the first year of their arrival in 
America than they do afterwards. The people of the country seem 
quite to disregard their attacks. Wherever they fix their sting, a little 
tumor or pustule usually arises, supposed to be occasioned by the fer- 
mentation when mixed with the blood, of a small quantity of liquor, 
which the insect always injects into the wound it makes with its spicula, 
as may be seen through a microscope, and which it probably does to 
render the blood more fluid. The disagreeable itching this excites, is 
most effectually allayed by the application of volatile alkali ; or if the 
part newly stung be scratched, and immediately bathed in cold water, 
that also affords considerable relief; but after the venom has been lodged 
for any time, scratching only increases the itching, and it may be at- 
tended with great danger. Repeated instances have occurred of people 
having been laid up for months, and narrowly escaping the loss of a 
limb, from imprudently rubbing a part which had been bitten for a long 
time. Great ease is also derived from opening the pustules on the 
second day with a lancet, and Jetting out the blood and watery matter. 



RUTTEN KILL. 

The grading of the great Hudson street ravine, anciently known as 
the Rutten kill, was nearly completed in 1847, from Hawk to Lark 
streets, and from near Lydius to State. During a period of about three 
years, from 50 to 250 persons, and 60 teams, were employed upon the 
work of grading and filling this extensive area. The ravine, origin- 
ally 300 feet broad and 50 feet deep, throughout its entire length, re- 
ceived the lofty banks upon its borders, and was raised to a convenient 
grade, thereby furnishing a large tract for habitation, that had long 
been waste, or only occupied for brick kilns, and dirty reservoirs, where 
truant boys fished and bathed. Not less than 600,000 yards of excava- 
tion were made in blue clay, and an equal amount of filling was done 
by one contractor. 



MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS. 

The number of bricks manufactured in Albany during the last fifteen 
years, has averaged sixteen millions per annum, until the year 1847, when 
the quantity produced was only hall that number in consequence of the 
reduced price, $2.50 per thousand. 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 159 

CHRONICLE OF EVENTS IN ALBANY, 1847 AND 1848. 
SEPTEMBER, 1847. 

13. The Albany Morning Express, a penny daily paper commenced 
by Stone &. Henly, with a reported sale of 1600 copies of the first num- 
ber. James Stanley Smith, editor. This constituted the fifth daily paper 

in the city at this time Capt. Abram Van OLinda of the Albany 

Republican Artillery, killed at the battle of Chapultepec, in Mexico. 

The fall examination of the State Normal School commenced. 

At the close of the exercises 64 graduates received their diplomas 

The superintendent of the Alms House reported to the Common Council, 
that the establishment had in charge 404 persons, the majority of them 
sick. 

14. John H. Webb, of the late firm of Webb & Dummer, in this city, 
died at Hartford, Ct. 

15. News received of the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco, which 
were fought in Mexico on the 18th and 19th of August, in which Lieut. 
Jacob Griffin of Albany was among the wounded. 

16. First frost of the season A fire occurred at No. 164 North 

Pearl street, which destroyed the large carpenter's shop of John Jervis, 
a two story dwelling house, with several adjoining sheds. The firemen 
had a quarrel on the occasion. 

17. Andrew Hamburgh died, aged 24. 

18. Hannah Leavitt died, aged 51; wife of N. K. Leavitt. 

19. Rev. John McCloskey installed, by Bishop Hughes, the first bishop 
of the new diocese of Albany Mary Law died, aged 55. 

20. Upwards of a hundred vessels in port. 

22. Flour $5.75 William T. Lee, formerly of this city, died at 

Philadelphia, aged 27. 

23. Margaret Nugent died, aged 33; wife of Henry P. Nugent. 

24. The Democratic County Convention met; two sets of delegates 
appeared from one of the wards; failing to effect a compromise, a sepa- 
ration took place, tbe Barnburners choosing Peter Cagger to the slate 
convention proposed to be held at Syracuse, and the Old Hunkers choos- 
ing Henry Rector. Both parties nominated Conrad A. Ten Eyck for 

Assembly. Charles C. Vail died, aged 21 John Stanwix 

died, aged 39 Lydia Plait died, aged 82; widow of the late An- 

nanias Platt. 

25. The following steam boats were advertised to leave for New York 
this day: Hendrik Hudson, Captain Cruttenden: Isaac Newton, Capt. 
Peck; Soulh America, Capl. Hultse; Columbia, Capt. Tupper; Rip Van 
Winkle, Capt. Riggs; Alida, Capt. G. D. Tupper; New Jersey, Capt. 

Hitchcock; all night boats except the Alida Martha Tappin died, 

aged 78 Wm. J. McDermott died, aged 25; a printer, of New 

York, formerly of this city. 

27. Over 20,000 bushels of corn arrived by canal this day The 

firsl term of Ihe Court of Appeals held in this city, closed its session, 
having exhausted the calendar of 40 cases. 

29 /The Whig Counly Convention met, and nominated Robert H. 
Pruyn for Agserably, 



160 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

30. The amount of flour transported over the Boston and Albany 
Rail Road since the 1st of January, 352,317 barrels more than the 
quantity transported in the same space of time last year. Receipts for 
September, 47 ; 527 barrels. 

OCTOBER, 1847. 

1. Catharine Van Benthuysen died, aged 33. 

4. Mary M. Dexter died, wife of George Dexter. 

5. The district schools of the city held a celebration. The scholars, 
numbering near 2,000. marched in procession with banners to the park 
in South Pearl street, below Lydius. known as Kane's Walk, where ad- 
dresses were delivered and several pieces of music suiig. The nine 
district schools of the city are attended by about 5,000 pupils, usually. 

James Clark died, aged 74; a merchant of good standing and 

wealth, for many years extensively engaged in the dry goods line, on 

the corner of Broadway and State street Mary A. Davidson died, 

aged 75. 

6. Great meeting at the Capitol of the friends of a general manufac- 
turing law Fire in the sheds behind the two story brick row. 182 

and 192 North Pearl street; loss about $300. 

8. Great meeting of that portion of the democratic party known as 
the Barnburners. There was much rain from above, and indignation 
from below. John Van Buren recited the wrongs and perils of himself 
and coadjutors at the recent convention at Syracuse, where they were 
voted out as irregular delegates. His speech was received with great 
applause on all sides. 

9. During the week ending this day, 16,000 barrels of flour were 
transported over the rail road to Boston. 

10. Abigail Osgood died, aged 28. 

13. A convention of JLntlrenters met in the city, and adopted can- 
didates from the tickets of the other parties, of such men as were 
known to entertain favorable views of their cause. 

14. A meeting of the friends of the Wilmot Proviso, for the disposi- 
tion of the slavery question, convened at the City Hall. Mr. Lewis of 
Ohio was the principal speaker on the occasion- 

15. Mary Osborn died, aged 69; wife of Jeremiah Osborn Chas. 

Van Ostrand died in New York, of an enlargement of the heart, aged 
37; formerly a compositor in the office of the Albany Argus. 

16. Ann Eliza Henderson died at Jersey city; widow of David Hen- 
derson, and eldest daughter of Archibald Mclntyre of this city. 

17. An attempt made to fire the buildings in the rear of McAufey's 
bakery in Grand street; it was discovered in season to prevent much 

damage Mary Molt, formerly of Albany, died at Battle creek, 

Michigan. 

18. The members of the Common Council, and other citizens, took 
passage in the Hendrik Hudson, to witness the ceremony of laying the 
corner stone of the Washington Monument, which took place on the 19lh. 

Moses Cook died at Syracuse, aged 35; late of this city 

Mariin S. Mills died, aged 26. 

19. The store of Matthew Jordan entered by burglars, corner of 
Broadway and Steuben street. ..... .Several bakers prosecuted for sell. 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 161 

ing light bread ; the trial adjourned, the bakers contending that the 
Common Council have no right to regulate the price of bread, or its 

weight A stated session of the United States Circuit Court opened 

at the City Hall, with a large amount of criminal business on the calendar. 

Judge Conkling presiding A select committee of the House of 

Assembly reported a bill to tax bachelors and widowers; but the house 

disagreeing, it was referred to the committee of the whole An 

omnibus commenced running from the Exchange to Newton's Corners 

on the Shaker road Elizabeth Evertsen, "widow of Evert Evert- 

sen, aged 88, run over by a horse and cart as she was crossing State 
street, and so badly injured as to cause her death. 

20. The Young Men's Association numbered 1,300 members 

Nicholas Brower died, aged 53. 

21. Capt. Frost, a stranger, walking late at nicht in Quay street, was 
knocked down by two ruffians, and robbed, and thrown into the Basin; 

but was rescued, and his life saved Richard Schuyler and Robert 

Allen, concerned in an assault and battery upon Thomas Sampson, cap- 
tain of a canal boat, with intent to kill, were captured and committed. 

23. The trustees of the First Presbyterian Church, having purchased 
a lot for a new building on the corner of Hudson and Philip streets, 
contracted with J. R. Hays and Henry Rector for its erection, at $50,- 

000. The foundations were begun Flour, $6.50; wheat, $1.40; 

corn, 71 cents; rye, 86 cents; barley, SO cents. In consequence of the 
scarcity of vessels, and the inability of the rail road company to trans- 
port flour rapidly enough to meet the eastern demand, freights had ad- 
vanced materially. 

24. A collection taken in St. Joseph's Church for the purpose of rais- 
ing funds to build a Cathedral in Albany; $4,500 were received 

Peter Bulson died, aged 78. 

25. A special committee of the Common Council reported in favor of 
removing the dead in the Arbor Hill Burying Ground (which are fre- 
quently exposed by persons digging there for sand), to a suitable vault 
in the Albany Rural Cemetery, on the Troy road. No action was taken 

upon the subject , .The store of R. Reno, in South Pearl street, was 

entered by burglars, and $5 in cents carried away. 

26. A meeting of the elder branch of the democratic party was held 
at the Capitol in the evening, the younger branch holding a convention 
at the same time in Herkimer. These events were invested with ex- 
traordinary interest. 

28. Aurelia McGowan died, ased 40; wife of Minos McGowan 

Dorothy E. Brown died, wife of Stephen A. Brown. 

29. Great meeting of the Barnburners at the Capitol; Mr. Wilmot, 
author of the famous proviso, was present, and delivered a long speech. 
John Van Buren followed, and received great applause for the eloquence, 
wit and sarcasm of his harrangue Genesee wheat $1.45. 

30. Margaret Dermody died, aged 52; wife of Patrick Dermody. 

31. Robert Lottridge died, aged 77 Thomas L.Wilson died, 

aged 26 The number of deaths at the Alms House for the last 

three months, 202; the great majority of cases being ship fever, a new 
epidemic. Permits granted since May 1st, 1200. 



162 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

NOVEMBER, 1847. 

1. Whig rally at the Capitol; said to have been " not very large, but 

enthusiastic." Splendid aurora borealisin the evening ^There 

were 105 sloops and schooners lying at the Pier, and the Basin was 
choked with all sorts of craft, making preparation for the close of navi- 
gation Frances H. Deforest died, aged 17; wife of James P. De- 
forest. 

2. The election resulted, as usual, in the triumph of the whigs. 

3. Lucretia Johnson died, aged 68. 

4. The weather extremely fine for the season ; in the language of the 
editor of the Troy Budget, " The golden sunshine sleeps on the russet 

earth as quiet as an infant's slumber!" Crawford Livingston died 

of consumption at the Mansion House in Columbia county. He opened 
the first express office in this city, known as Pomeroy's Express. 

5. The steam tug Commerce left the Pier for New York, with a con- 
voy of 8 tow boats, and 12 lake boats, all heavily laden; and the North 
America left with 21 lakers in the same condition. This was character- 
ized as a big haul. An impetus was given toil by a dreadful scowl in the 

heavens Fire in Tivoli Hollow; a large establishment in which 

several kinds of manufacturing operations were carried on, was burnt 
down ; loss upwards of $20,000 Wm. L. Cranston died, aged 26. 

7. Townsley's store, 73 Quay street, entered by burglars, who failed 
to get remunerated for their labor. 

9. This day was fixed upon by the Millerites for ending the functions 
of the Earth; but as on several other days previously appointed for the 
same catastrophe, the planet continued its accustomed duties, and left 
the deluded sect in great perplexity Sarah Thomas died, aged 58. 

10. There had been transported over the rail road to Boston, up to 
this time, ten months, 455,221 barrels of flour. 

11. The number of prisoners in the Penitentiary was 100 Flour 

$6-12; wheat $1-38; barley 87c. 

13. Catharine Ostrander died at Tully, aged 97; widow of John 
Ostrander a revolutionary officer and former sheriff of Albany. 

17. Warm day for the season Charlotte McCauley died, aged 42. 

18. Flour $5'87; two-rowed barley 87; rye 92; corn 75e John 

Long died, aged 26. 

20. An affray between two engine companies, Nos. 5 and 6; one of 
No. 5's men had his jaw broken by a blow with a pipe An un- 
suspecting person was lured up Hudson street to the new level, and there 
robbed of his watch and $150 Martin White died, aged 64. 

21. Elizabeth Baillie died, aged 74. 

22. The weather at this time much resembled summer Thomas 

Waters died of apoplexy, aged 65 Charles Van Loon, pastor of a 

baptist church in Poughkeepsie, died of apoplexy, aged 28. He was a 
native of Albany, and a young man of extraordinary talents. 

23. Opening lecture before the Young Men's Association by Benjamin 
F. Butler, and a poem by Epes Sargent. 

25. Thanksgiving day; dark and gloomy A foot race at the 

Bull's Head; principal competitors Steeprock and Smoke, two Indians; 
Smoke won the race by 50 yards, making 10 miles in Ih. lls. ; the track 

heavy after a rain; 500 spectators supposed to have been present 

Brilliant northern licrht in the evening, 






Chronicle of Events in Albany. 163 

27. A forged draft presented and paid at the Exchange Bank, pur- 
porting to have been drawn by Tweddle & Darlington for $1805'25 

Thomas Rock died, aged 31. 

28. The thermometer fell to 7 in the morning; the cold was felt 

severely on account of the suddenness of the change James Alfred 

Green died, aged 25 Alfred Goodwin died at Hartford, Ct. ; he 

was of the firm of Goodwin & McKinney, hatters, of Albany. 

29. Flour $6*12; no wheat in market; barley 75c. : oats 48c.; among 
the produce which arrived in the Albany Basin since the morning of the 
27th, were 47,000 barrels flour, 52,000 bushels wheat, 20.000 bushels 
barley, 20,000 bushels oats, 390,000 pounds cheese, and 160,000 pounds 
butter. The receipts of flour exceeded 20,000 barrels a day about this 
time A slight fall of snow. 

30. The mercury in the thermometer went down to zero The 

number of arrests for criminal offences cognizable at the police office 
during the year ending this day, was 2,859; being about 200 less than 
the previous year. 

DECEMBER, 1847. 

1. The corner stone for a synagogue to accomodate the Jewish con- 
gregation of Beth Jacob was laid with appropriate ceremonies, at the 

corner of Lydius and Fulton streets, by Rabbi Wise The amount 

of tolls at the canal collector's office in this city since the opening of 
navigation was $358,067'72; do 1846, $263,551-03; showing an increase 

of 94,517-69, or 35 per cent Michael Dwyer robbed Olivette 

irlic^al, a catholic priest, of $875, on the Troy Road ; and was appre- 
hended * few days after Laughlen McPherson died, aged 89. He 

had resided in \he city about twenty years, and was janitor of the Geo- 
logical Rooms at the time of his death. 

4. A rain storm had continued 48 hours, and showed no symptoms of 
a termination John W. H. Canoll died, aged 47. 

5. Susan Anderson died, aued 67. She was one of the 18 persons 
who first united to form a baptist society in this city in the year 1811. 

6. The corner stone of the edifice for the use of the First Presbyterian 
Church was laid without special ceremony, on the corner of Hudson and 

Philip streets T. W. Truax, one of the night police, in attempting 

to stop a pair of affrighted horses, received a blow which resulted in 
death. 

7. The first popular election of chief engineer of the fire department 
took place, when James McQuade received 240 votes, and John Niblock 
208; majority for the former 32. So great was the contest that absent- 
ees were brought from New York and Philadelphia, and only 44 voters 

were missing At a meeting of the Christian Mutual Benefit 

Society, Lemuel Jenkins was chosen president for the ensuing year. 

9. A festival held at the City Hall for the benefit of the Union Mission 
Sunday School. 

10. Rev. Dr. Scoresby of England, lectured before the Young Men's 
Association, in the Third Presbyterian church, on the Telescopes of 
Lord Rosse. 

12. The river, swollen by the heavy rains of almost two weeks' 
continuance, overflowed its limits and submerged the Quay and lower 
part of the city. 



164 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

13. A man by the name of Burns was drowned in the river at the 

foot of Hamilton street, by the capsizing of a boat James Manning 

died, aged 23; one of the reporters for the Albany Alias. 

15. Canal closed. (?) The receipts of some of the principal articles 
of breadstuffs at Albany and Watervliet were as follows: Flour 3.951,. 
722 barrels; wheat 3,897.576 bushels; corn 6,021,144 bushels. The 
value of the property received at the above places by canal, was esti- 
mated at $72,365,986 Mary Ridgeway died, aged 56. 

16. Mr. Parsons, proprietor of the Carlton House, was knocked down 
and robbed of $13S in the office of that hotel, at 4 o'clock in the morn- 

ing Phoebe Lewis died, aged 75; wife of Col. Henry Lewis 

Store of Mr. Shoemaker in Broadway, robbed by two boys, who were 
apprehended. 

17. Charles D. Townsend died, aged 69. He had been a practitioner 
of medicine in the city nearly half a century, and acquired considerable 

eminence in his profession Oliver Johnson died at Maderia, 

whither he had gone for the recovery of his health. 

18. First sleighing of any note William Roberts died, aged 25. 

James Radliff died, aged 62 Elizabeth Veazie died, wife 

of Moses K. Veazie. 

19. Catharine Irving died, aged 17. 

23. The Middle Dutch Church, which had been closed several months 
for repairs, was opened, having undergone many improvements and 

decorations .The first communication by magnetic telegraph with 

St. Louis, Missouri .William Hale died, aged 57. 

24. The Columbia steam boat arrived from New York, and was the 
last boat up this season. 

25. Christmas the day fine, and the sleighing of the best kind 

Fire in the bakery of Stephen Paddock ; damage about $300. 

26. Heman J. Whelpley died, aged 41>, a legal practitioner of ex- 
tensive business, and an active member of the whig party Mar- 
garet Delehanly died, aged 53; widow of the late Daniel Delehanty. 

The morning train west (it being Sunday) had but about half 

a dozen passengers; and the four trains during the day, (two each way) 
carried but sixty-seven altogether. This state of things was a most 
powerful argument, undoubtedly, for the suspension of the Sunday 
trains, which was soon after effected. 

30. William I. Winne died, aged 45. 

3J. The Housatonic train was detained by a dense fog, and did not 

arrive at the depot in East Albany till 10 o'clock at night The 

trustees of the fire department disbursed $429 to indigent and disabled 
firemen during the year. 

JANUARY, 1848. 

1. New Year the weather scarcely cold enough to require fire 

A steam boat left New York, expecting to reach Albany, but was de- 
barred by the ice Lieut. Griffin arrived from the seat of war in 

Mexico, where he had been twice wounded David P. Page, first 

Principal of the State Normal School, died, aged 38 James Con- 
nolly, while walking on the Quay, was assaulted by a blow, which caused 
his death. 

2. A fire at 2 o'clock in the morning destroyed the frame building at 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 165 

the head of Van Woert street The crockery store of Van Heusen 

& Charles in State street, robbed. 
4. The legislature commenced its session under the new constitution, 

which limited its duration to 100 days The governor's message, 

consisting of 12,000 words, was telegraphed to New York in 8 hours. 
It was transmitted to Schenectady by rail road, in 29 minutes, and from 
thence to Utica in 2 hours 1 minute. 

7. River closed. 

8. Peter Carmichael died, aged 38 James Boyd died, aged 38. 

11. Thermometer ranged from 15 to 18 below zero. 

21. William B. Winne died, aged 90. He was 48 years penny-post- 
man The store of T. S. Still well broken open and robbed. 

22. A pair of horses belonging to a farmer in Nassau, while crossing 
the river at the Greenbush Ferry, broke through the ice and were 
drowned. 

24. Robert Taylor died, aged 45. 

26. The city was refreshed with a shower of rain. 

29. Jane K. Wyckoff, wife of Rev. I. N. Wyckoff, died Willard 

Walker died, aged 79; Jong an intelligent and enterprising merchant. 

30. Isaiah Breakey, physician, died, aged 50 James A. Coulter 

died, aged 28 Hugh Riddle, a convict in the Penitentiary, commit- 
ted suicide. 

31. The sabbath schools in the city numbered 33, with 554 teachers, 

and 2,497 scholars Number of criminal arrests in the city during 

the month, 214 Alms House expenses for the month, $3,544. 

FEBRUARY, 1848. 

1. Annual meeting of the New York State Medical Society; Dr. Alex. 
H. Stevens, president; Dr. Alex. H. Thompson, vice-president; Dr. Peter 
Van Buren, secretary; Dr. Peter Van OLinda, treasurer. 

2. The committee of the whole in the House of Assembly, struck out 
the enacting clause of the bill to encourage the discovery of coal in the 

counties of Albany and Rensselaer A special meeting of the Com- 

mon Council, on the resignation of the ward physicians, to devise means 

of supplying the poor with medical attendance Meeting of the 

Board of Trade to elect its officers; Wm. Chapman, president. 

4. Jasper Hallenbake, M. D., died at New Orleans, aged 39; formerly 

of Albany Snow storm commenced on Friday and continued till 

Saturday evening; the mildness of the weather prevented its accumula- 
tion. 

6. The store of W. &, A. Kerr entered ; a bootless depredation. 

7. Major-General Quitman arrived in the city from Mexico, and met 
with an enthusiastic reception; after which he made the tour of the 
town, escorted by the military. 

9. Mayor's Court, Recorder Wright presiding, who announced that 
there were 16 persons in jail awaiting trial. The civil calendar num- 
bered 12 cases Catharine Maher died, aged 25. 

10. Elisha C. Porter died, aged 34. 

11. A stranger from Poiighkeepsie robbed of a watch valued at $170, 
at a bowling saloon in Washington street. 

12. Livingston Ludlow Humphrey died, aged 23. 



166 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

14. Catharine Van Zandt died, aged 60; widow of John Van Zandt. 
Upwards of 7,000 valentines passed through the post office. 

17. The sheriff going out to Bern to sell property taken for rent, was 
followed by forty men on horseback, blowing horns and insulting him 
and his posse. No bids being made on the property, he brought away 
a pair of horses and a wagon. 

19. William Jenkinson died, aged 81 Emma Webster died, aged 

21 ; wife of M. L. Webster The Directors of the New York and 

Albany Rail Road decided on adopting the river line of survey, ten to 
two. 

20. The number of convictions for state prison offences in the city 
during the last ten years, 335. Three persons in that time were con- 
victed of murder, of which number one was hung. The number of petit 
larceny convictions, 800. 

21. Aurora borealis, which assumed such an unusual appearance, as 
to cause an alarm of fire. 

22. The anniversary of Washington's birthday celebrated with great 

enthusiasm George W. Hawley died, aged 39 John Carroll 

died. 

23. The store of Samuel W. King on Arbor Hill, robbed of a quantity 

of goods and money Elizabeth Davis died, aged 53 Jane 

Anderson died, aged 29. 

24. Announcement of the death of John Quincy Adams John 

W. Jackson died, aged 66. 

25. William Nordin died, aged 56. 

26. Assault upon Mortimer J. Smith, editor of the Castigator, with 
slung shot, by two men disguised Amy Roberts died, aged 80. 

27. Navigation open as far north as Hudson The store of David 

Van Cott, in Lydius street, robbed of $50 worth of cigars. 

29. Prof. Asassiz commenced his course of lectures on Natural His- 
tory at the Albany Female Academy Fire in Dean street, No. 3 ; 

porter house burnt Lester Bucklin Brown died, aged 22 

JaneFrazer died, aged 77; wife of John Frazer During the month 

there were 175 cases under medical treatment at the Alms House, of 
which 7 died. 

MARCH, 1848. 

1. A fire about 1 o'clock in the morning, at No. 83 Quay street, which 
communicated with about 20 brick and wooden buildings on the Dock 
and Broadway, below Hamilton street. Richard Gillespie, a printer, 
was killed by the falling of a wall, and two persons were burnt in the 
house where the fire originated. Loss of property estimated at $70,000. 

2. Richard Van Zandt died, aged 23. 

3. Benjamin Van Benthuysen died, aged 70; Laura A. Bowers died, 
aged 26; wife of Augustus Bowers. 

4. Horace H. Gladding died, aged 20 ; Miss Buddington, a pupil of 
the Normal School, died. 

5. Richard Rosier died, aged 73; Isabella Orr died, aged 57; wife of 
Samuel Orr. 

6. Joseph Curtiss died, aged 71; Melissa Prime died, aged 34} James 
H. Brown died, aged 42. 




Chronicle of Events in Albany. 167 

7. The house 14 Jay street robbed of the entire clothing of a lodger. 

Circulation of the Albany Evening Journal, daily, weekly and 

semi-weekly, stated to be 14,400. 

8. The store of Mr. Hadley on the Dock broken open and robbed of 
a bad $20 bill Stephen Traver died, aged 37. 

10. The grand jury presented " the rum and beer shops "of the city 
and county as a very serious evil, nearly all the business brought before 
the grand jury originating in these places ; that in their opinion the 
great expenses incurred by the county for Alms House, Penitentiary 
and Jail expenditures grow out of the riots, robberies, assaults and bat- 
teries, and violations of the sabbath that occur or are connected with 
these places. 

11. Thomas W. Harman, attorney, died at Schenectady, formerly a 
resident in Albany. 

12. Alice Adaline Tallman died, aged 44; wife of Jonathan Tallman. 

Ruth Ann Glovenbury died suddenly, suspected to have been 

murdered A meteor observed about 11 o'clock in the evening, in 

the northwest, which burst with an intonation resembling distant 
thunder. 

13. Among the bills reported in the Assembly was one for the remo- 
val of the capital to New York; one for the construction of a bridge over 
the Basin; and one against the construction of a bridge over the Hudson 
at Albany Ambrose Spencer died at Lyons, aged 83 ; he was ma- 
ny years chief justice of the state, and was regarded as one of the most 
distinguished jurists which the country has produced. He was interred 

at Albany Lawrence L. Schuyler died, aged 49 A house in 

Green street robbed of a box of jewelery valued ?.t $100 Attack 

upon Mortimer J. Smith, editor of the Castigator, by several persons, 
one of whom struck him in the face with a slung shot. 

14. A meeting of citizens of Watervliet, when several thousand dol- 
lars were subscribed towards building a plank road from Albany to the 

Mohawk river, with a view to its continuance to Saratoga The 

managers of the Married Sociable transmitted to the treasurer of the 
Orphan Asylum $304'50, the avails of their ball given on the 7lh in aid 

of the funds of that institution A lad robbed the store of Ford 8c 

Grant of $30. 

15. Cold day; 3 below 0, at 5 o'clock in the morning Philip 

Vanderlip died, aged 54 Odd Fellows' Hall, Cooper's Building, 

corner Green and State street, dedicated Broadway Theatre rob- 
bed of $91 in specie. 

17. St. Patrick's day celebrated with unusual ceremonies at the Cath- 
olic churches, and by the Hibernian Provident Society Thomas 

Lee died, ased 59 David B. Beatson, late of Albany, died in New 

York. aged^40. 

18. The funeral of Judge Ambrose Spencer took place from St. Pe- 
ters church. The procession was one of the most imposing that had 

been witnessed in many years Capt. John Cook, of the Artillery, 

left the city for the army in Mexico, and was escorted to the depot by 
his company. 

19. Chapel of the Penitentiary formally dedicated; sermon by Dr. 

Wyckoff on the occasion The stores of Ainsworth &, Northrup and 

Samuel Carey, in State street, robbed ; the booty very small Rich- 



163 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

ard Graves died Mrs. Elizabeth Foot died, aged 44 Henry 

Y. Lansing died, aged 29. 

20. A farmer from Knox robbed of his pocket book by the ostler of 

Lockwood's tavern Capt. B. S. Roberts, of the Mounted Rifles, 

who was the first to plant the American flag upon the national palace 
of Mexico, and the first to enter the halls of ihe.Montezumas, arrived in 
Albany and received calls at the Mansion House Sarah Bay Liv- 
ingston died at New York; widow of the late Edward Livingston and 

youngest daughter of the late Chancellor Livingston Rebecca 

Elizabeth Mix died, aged 22 John Niblock, walking in the eve- 
ning i*i Broadway, was assailed and stabbed in both arms. 

21. The steam boat Columbia reached Van Wie's Point, six miles 
below the city. 

22. The ice slipped away quietly, without subjecting us to the usual 
annoyance of high water, and the steam boat Admiral arrived during the 

day, and left again in the evening for iN'ew York Charles Quacken- 

boss died of congestion of the brain, aged 33. 

23. Sarah Tompkins died, aged 38. 

24. The bill authorising the construction of a bridge across the Basin 
at the foot of Slate street, of the full width of the street, and another 
for opening a street on the Pier to the same width, passed the Assembly. 

26. The leather factory of C. Hepinslall, in Washington street, rob- 
bed of a quantity of leather. 

27. The steam boat Isaac Newton, on her way up the Hudson, ran down 

and sunk a schooner The first tow boat fleet of the season arrived 

from New York, consisting of 17 barges, conveyed by the old Commerce, 
and laden with spring importations for Albany merchants principally. 
The chamberlain reported that the whole expense of medical ser- 
vice for the poor since May 1, 1847, was $2,832 12 Amount of busi- 
ness done at the Justices' court, for the year ending this day, as follows: 
whole number of suits 2,400; amount of fees, $3 300; of which $1,189-83 
remained uncollected. Each of the members of the court (three justices 
and one clerk) received $527 56; do. the previous year $738'87. 

23. The two sections of the democratic party united in the nomina- 
tion of Dr. Thomas Hun for Mayor The store of F. P. Malburn in 

Lydius street robbed of $20; that of H. Knowlton in Broadway of 75 
cents; and an unsuccessful attempt made to enter that of A. B. Brown. 
Albany and Cohoes Rail Road bill passed the Senate. 

29. Nicholas Van Rensselaer, a soldier of the revolution, died, aged 
94. He was with Montgomery at the storming of Quebec; was at Ti- 
conderoga, Fort Miller, Fort Ann, and at Bemis's Heights, and was 
deputed to convey the intelligence of Burgoyne's surrender to the citi- 
zens of Albany A young man of fashionable appearance arrested 

for passing counterfeit money. 

30. A house in Orange street robbed of a watch by Catharine Tan- 
ner The whiss nominated John Taylor for mayor. 

31. Anna Maria Tyler died, aged 51; wife of Benjamin 0. Tyler. 

APRIL, 1848. 

1. William Caldwell, a retired merchant, died, aged 72. His place of 
business, in which he succeeded his father, James Caldwell, was at 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 169 

No. 58 State street. Since his retirement, he resided principally at 

Caldwell, Lake George, where he had a large estate Margaret 

Jane Bell died, aged 21; daughter of Joseph Bell. 

3. Isabella Adeline Peckham, died; wife of Rufus H. Peckham, and 
daughter of Rev. Win. B. Lacy. 

4. John T. Richards died, aged 23 Richard Thompson died, 

aged 45. 

'5. The dwelling house 21 Green street robbed of a quantity of clothing. 

6.. A dwelling robbed of $30 A fire in Chapel street destroyed 

a carpenter's shop and the candle factory of Josiah Winants Hon. 

Wm. H. Seward delivered an eulogy on the late John Quincy Adams, in 
the North Dutch Church A splendid display of aurora borealis. 

7. Fire corner Green and Bleecker streets Charles Davis died, 

aged 26 Maria Vibbard died, aged 30; wife of Philip G. Vibbard. 

8. An attempt to rob William Gibbs, on the Troy road, who defended 
himself so well as to escape with his life and money. 

9. Caroline Schmidt died, wife of Rev. F. W. Schmidt, pastor of the 
German Lutheran Church. 

10. The store of James Taylor, corner of Green and South Lansing 
streets, robbed of $10 in specie. 

11. Charter election, which resulted in the success of the whig can- 
didate for mayor, by 129 majority. The vote stood for Taylor 31 15; for 

Hun 2977 The legislature appropriated $15,000 for the erection of 

an edifice for the State Normal School a sum quite inadequate to the 
purpose. 

12. The legislature, having sat out its term of one hundred days, pre- 
scribed by the new constitution, adjourned at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, 
having passed 331 laws. 

13. Catharine Douw died, widow of John D. P. Douw Mary 

Ann La Grange died, aged 51 Gertrude Van Sanforddied, aged 67. 

14. The new steam tug Baltic, intended for the service of the Albany 
Tow Boat Company, came up to take her place in the line A hali- 
but, captured off St. George's Bank, weighing upwards of 300 Ibs., dis- 
played in the Albany fish market Meeting of Germans, French 

and Poles at the National Hotel, to celebrate the establishment of a re- 
public in France, and the rapid progress of republicanism throughout 
Germany and Europe. 

15. The law went into effect prohibiting dogs from running at large 

without muzzles A fire in the vicinity of the Basin above Colo- 

nie street, destroyed much property and rendered several families house- 
less; loss about $12,000. A riot among the firemen. 

18. Meeting of the new board of Common Council for organization. 
The following appointments were made: L. D. Holslein, clerk ; H. H. 
Hickcox, dep. chamberlain; Hooper C. Van Vorst, attorney; George 
W. Carpenter, surveyor; Samuel McElroy, assistant surveyor; Nelson 
W. Scovel, marshal; John McBride, overseer of poor; Henry B. Fay 
alms-house physician. 

19. Cold day; snow fell to a considerable depth, accompanied by a 

piercing wind from the north Mary Jane Wright died, aged 29 

wife of Samuel Wright. 

20. James Farrell died, aged 78 Garrett Middleton died, aged 

15 



170 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

21. Riot, corner South Pearl and Rensselaer streets ; two persons 
broke into the store of Albert Allen, beat and robbed him, and were ar- 
rested therefor. 

22. Joseph Graham died, aged 35 The Armenia, a new steam 

boat, left New York at 7 o'clock in the morning, made the usual land- 
ings, and arrived at the dock at 4 o'clock A fire, supposed to have 

been incendiary, consumed the out houses in the rear of 111 Washing- 
ton street; 2 horses burnt. 

23. Fire on the corner of Dallius and Herkimer streets burnt off' the 
roof. 

24. Great fires; commenced on the corner of Westerlo and Church 
streets, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and before it was quelled, destroyed 
twenty buildings on Church, Westerlo, Dallius and John streets, and 
among them the Free Missionary Protestant Church. Loss estimated 
at $30,000. This fire was hardly subdued, before another broke out 
about 10 o'clock in the evening, near the corner of Green and Beaver 
streets, which destroyed about twenty more buildings, valued at more 
than $60,000 Margaret Yates died; wife of Benjamin Yates. 

25. The store of Burrows & Nelligar, corner South Pearl and Plain 
streets, robbed of $28 William Hamburgh died, aged 20. 

26. Chester Moore died of apoplexy, aged 55 Sarah Dodge died, 

aged 83; widow of Edmond Dodge Catharine M. Van Buren 

died, aged 30 ; wife of S. G. Van Buren. 

27. Elizabeth Whalen died, aged 64; wife of Jeremiah Whalen. 

28. Jewish Synagogue, Beth Jacob, in Fulton street, consecrated. 
Great meeting at the Capitol of the friends of progressive liber- 
ty, to congratulate on the recent movements in Europe. 

29. Jane McNaughton died, wife of Peter McNaughton The 

Carlton House, corner of South Pearl and State street, took fire, and 

narrowly escaped destruction; loss about $1000 A tw r o story frame 

house, corner of Centre and Colonie streets, took fire about 9 o'clock 

and was partially destroyed Ten Eyck's soap and candle factory 

in Green street took fire about 10 o'clock About 1 o'clock the 

Carlton House was again on fire, but was soon extinguished At 

11 o'clock in the evening, a fire was discovered in John street, which 
consumed a shed and stable ; a horse was badly burnt The coro- 
ner and four men going in a wagon to hold an inquest on the body of a 
man drowned, were precipitated down the embankment of a canal 
bridge above the Patroon's mansirn, and the whole party so severely 

injured, that another coroner was called to officiate A portion of 

the walls of the Westerlo street church, which was burnt at the late 
fire, were blown down by the high wind, i.nd buried two boys. 

30. A carpenter shop on the Patroon's creek burnt The Dundee 

Warehouse, corner S. Pearl and Division street, set on fire in the base- 

men t Mary Maher died, aged 60; wife of James Maher 

Sarah Schuyler died, widow of liarmanus P. Schuyler. 

MAY, 1848. 

J. The Common Council made the annual appointments of watchmen, 
street-inspectors, &c., and offered a standing reward of $100 for the dis- 
covery of any person engaged in setting fire to any building in the city. 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 171 

2. James Foster died, aged 62 Elizabeth M. Osbrey died, aged 

28; wife of William L. Osbrey. 

3. Caroline Smith, accused of stealing a child, having several times 
escaped the hands of justice, was finally tried and convicted, and sen- 
tenced to three years imprisonment at Sing Sing. 

4. A fire 9t 2 o'clock in the morning destroyed two houses and a stable 
in Denniston street, and burnt three horses. Two robberies were com- 
mitted at the same time Betsey Bently died, aged 80; widow of 

Capt. Randall Bentley. James Gough died, aged 37. 

5. The house corner of Broadway and Lumber streets burnt at 1 
o'clock in the morning The steam boats Alida and Hendrik Hud- 
son left New York at 7 o'clock in the morning, and arrived at Albany, 
the former at 2 o'clock 55 minutes, and the latter 15 minutes after, hav- 
ing made but one landing on the way up. The time made by the Alida 
was as follows : Caldwell 9h. 7m.; West Point, 9h. 34m. ; Newburgh, 
9h. 55iw. ; Poushkeepsie lOh. 40m. ; (landed 2lm.); Hyde Park 11*.; 
Catskill, 22/i. 31m. ; Athens, 12A. 42m. ; Albany, 2h. 55i. The two 
boats not more than 15m. apart during the whole eight hours, with an 
ebb tide. 

6. Peter Drum died, aged 45. 

8. Steam propeller Albany arrived from Hartford, intended for freight 
and passengers; length 140 feet, burden 240 tons; built in Philadelphia, 
Alfred Wickes died, aged 30. 

9. Mrs. Merrifield, wife of Richard Merrifield, died.. , . , . , Meeting 
of the friends of Ireland at the City Hall; adopted a constitution, and 
elected officers, John Tracy in the chair; Robt. Higgins and Matthew 
Jordan, secretaries; Wm. Hawe, treasurer. 

10. Hannah Vosburgh died, aged 82 George W. Gardner died, 

aged 35 Nearly 1000 Swiss emigrants arrived by the morning 

boats, on their way to Wisconsin. 

11. Store of Daniel Brown, corner Broadway and Colonie streets, rob- 
bed of $10 cash and other articles Abram Pittinger died, aged 47. 

12. High water; a rise of 5 feet in 17 hours; docks overflowed.. 

William Newton of Albany died at Vera Cruz, aged 24. 

13. The Albany and Cohoes Rail Road Company elected its officers. 

Two frame houses in Centre street destroyed by fire Levi 

S. Hoffman died, aged 45 ..... .Ann Taylor died, wife of Robert Taylor. 

14. Severe frost, which nipt many tender buds., ,,., .Edmund Hall, 
arrested for a robbery committed the night previous, 

15. The Board of Trade commenced operations in the rotunda of the 

Exchange The camphene store of S. T. Thorn, in Church street, 

took fire, which communicated with twenty-five other buildings before 
it was arrested. A Dutch immigrant lost $1450 in gold, his all. 

16. The store of George Dexter, 57 State street, robbed of $25, 

17. Two fires occurred, attended with small damage. 

18. William A. McKown died, aged 39. 

19. An attempt made to fire the buildings between Philip and Grand 
streets without success. Michael Henley died, 

20. The office of Joy & Monteath, on the Dock, robbed of $8 in change, 
and over $300 in counterfeit money which had accumulated during 
several years business. 

23. Hazeltine's store in Washington street robbed of $60; also the 
of Joseph Dayjs in State street robbed of several dollars, 



172 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

24. The store of Daniel Fry robbed of $25, William B. Emer- 
son died, aged 36. 

29. David Newland's house, 456 Broadway, took fire; damage small. 

30. A sportsman's club organized, at a meeting of citizens at the 
Broadway House; having for its object the observance of the law for 
the preservation of game. 

31. John G. Russ drowned in the basin, in attempting to get on board 

a canal boat; his wife and children were present at the occurrence 

Business of the Justices' Court for the month of May; suits commenced, 
270; amounts received for costs, $194.12; amount outstanding, $115. 
A frost at some places near the city. 

JUNE, 1848. 

1. Capt. Edward Whitney died, aged 49 Mary Schuyler died, 

aged 63; widow of Samuel Schuyler Elizabeth Garretson died. 

2. Cowell's store on the dock broken open, and robbed of $15 

James C. Mull, stabbed several days previously by an insane man, died 
of his wounds. 

3. Shoe store of William Fossard broken open and robbed of boots 
and shoes. 

4. Matthew Gregory died, aged 91; he was an officer of tho revolu- 
tion, and one of the few survivors of the ancient order of Cincinnati. 
He came to this city soon after the war, was successful in business, 
and retired with an ample fortune. 

5. The Albany County Court entertained an application for the in- 
corporation of the village of Cohoes, under the act of 1847. The village 
contains an area of 1| square miles, and has a population of 4,200 in- 
habitants. 

6. A barn burnt on Arbor Hill ; a battle with paving stones between 
a crowd of boys, for the honor of drawing a hose cart. 

7. The great menagarie of Sands, Lent & Co., entered the city, pre- 
senting a pageant of some interest. The huge gilded chariot, drawn by 
four large elephants, contrasted singularly enough with the Liliputian 
chariot, drawn by eight Shetland ponies. 

12. The store of Mr. Van Heusen. corner of Broadway and Bleecker 
street, broken open, and a quantity of butter carried off. . . . The Com- 
mon Council refused to grant $250 towards defraying the expenses of 
the Fourth of July Celebration, whereat much wrath and indignation 
was enkindled. 

16. A fire in the charcoal vault of the Delavan House, which was ex- 
tinguished with small damage. 

17. A large building, supposed to he set on fire, situated between 

North Pearl and Ten Broeck streets, was burnt The Pearl Street 

House burnt Andrew Lloyd died, aged 74 Abby M. Dela- 
van died, aged 47 ; wife of Edward C. Delavan. 

22. Datus E. Frost's provision store, corner of Lydius and Swan streets, 
destroyed by fire, occasioned by the explosion of a camphene lamp. 
The firemen had a riot on the corner of State and Pearl streets. The 
walks and streets were plentifully sprinkled with bricks and stones, on 
the following morning, and the doors and windows of the houses in the 
vicinity, presented indellible marks of the force with which the missiles 
were hurled. 






Chronicle of Events in Albany. 173 

25. An attempt was made to break into the grocery store, corner of 
North Pearl and Van Schaick streets, but a series of difficulties inter- 
posed to render the enterprise unsuccessful. 

26. Anna Garrison died, aged 97. 

27. A meeting in the park, announced by the blaze of tar and the roar 
of cannon, to respond to the nomination of Taylor and Fillmore. 

29. Anna Matilda Visscher died. 

30. James Lightbody died, aged S3. 

JULY, 1848. 

1. Elizabeth Campbell died, aged 18. 

2. Corner stone of the Catholic Cathedral laid, on the corner of Eagle 

and Lydius streets, by Bishop Hughes Charles Sayles died, aged 

70. 

4. The national holiday celebrated -with its usual accompaniments, 
but with an unwonted sullenness. on account of what was deemed an 
overweening parsimony on the part of the Common Council in with- 
holding supplies for ammunition, ad libitum The remains of Capt. 

Abraham Van OLinda arrived in the morning, from Mexico, and were 
escorted to the City Hall. 

5. Twentieth anniversary of the Albany Female Seminary, under 
Rev. Mr. Garfield. 

7. The funeral honors to the remains of Capt. Van OLinda were per- 

formed. The eulogy by Col. John Sharts A man killed by an 

accident, while laying the foundation of the Cathedral, in Lydius street. 
John Summers died. 

8. As an instance of commercial despatch quite extraordinary, the 
steam propeller Mohawk arrived from Hartford in the morning, was 
unladen, took in about 300 tons of freight, mostly com, and sailed on 
her return the same evening. 

9. Catharine Staats died, aged 65; wife of William N. Staats 

Bridget English died, wife of~Palnck English. 

11. Canal Bank closed by order of the comptioller, and a commission 

issued to investigate its concerns Splendid display of aurora bo- 

realis in the evening Seventh anniversary of the Alumnae of the 

Albany Female Academy. 

13. The workmen engaged in laying gas pipes in Broadway, above 
Steuben street, came in contact with the foundation of the ancient man- 
sion of Gen. Ten Broeck, which half a century ago stood across Broad- 
way at that point. At the time it was built it was outside of the city 

walls or palisades The Boston City Guards arrived, as the guests 

of the Albany Burgesses Corps, by whom they were received and es- 
corted Enthusiastic meeting of the Friends of Ireland at the Capi- 
tol, Hon. Erastus Corning presiding. There was universal sympathy 
for the cause of Ireland, in view of the expected outbreak in that coun- 
try, for freedom from British dominion The store of Lehrberg & 

Lederer, in south Broadway, robbed of $1,500 worth of silks. 

14. This, it is believed, was the first day of the discontinuance of the 
Sunday train of cars west George S. Brown died, aged 38. 

15. Anna T. Gough died, wife of John T. Gough. 

16. Garret Hogan died, aged 65. He had filled the offices of county 



174 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

treasurer, deputy sheriff, and varions other places of trust, with great 
fidelity and zeal for the public interest. He resigned the office of se- 
cretary of the Albany County Mutual Insurance Company, on account 
of ill health, some time before his death, the business of which he had 
conducted with faithfulness nearly eight years. 

17. The steam boat Oswego arrived from New York with a fleet of 5 

barges and 24 Jake boats in tow. all heavily laden Upwards of 

300 men engaged in the construction of a new depot to accommodate 
the increasing trade between this city and Boston. Its dimensions are 
750 feet by 133 feet; believed to be the largest building in the United 
States. 

19. Feast of St. Vincent observed at St. Joseph's Church, by the cele- 
braiion of the pontifical high mass by Bishop McCloskey, and the pane- 
gyric of St. Vincent was delivered by Rev. Dr. McCaffrey, of Maryland. 

The Rev. Benj. N. Martin was installed pastor of ihe Fourth 

Presbyterian Church. The Rev. E. N. Kirk and the Rev. Mr. Fisher of 

Cincinnati, former pastors of the church, officiated on the occasion 

Meeting of the Barnburners at the Capitol, to respond to the nomina- 
tion of Martin Van Buren for president; Dr. Barent P. Staats in the 
chair. 

18. Dr. Henry McHarg died , aged 23 William Long died, aged 

62 Henry R. Gossman died at Cayuga Bridge, aged 28 ; formerly 

of Albany Ann Kilkenny died, aged 29; wife of Francis Kilkenny. 

20. John Leonard died, aged 18. 

21. An abortive attempt to fire the Tivoli Rail Road ?rlills, at the 

upper end of Broadway About 700 recruits passed through the 

city in the morning, destined for the newly acquired territory in Mexico. 

24. Sarah Juslina Fassett died, aged 23. 

25. Company H, 1st Regiment New York Volunteers, Capt. Farns- 
worth, arrived on board the Hendrik Hudson, and were gallantly re- 
ceived by the several military companies of the city, consisting of the 
Albany Republican Artillery, Albany Burgesses Corps, Emmet Guards, 
Van Rensselaer Guards, and Washington Riflemen. Capt Farnsworth 
succeeded to the command on the death of Van OLinda. Of the 70 pri- 
vates who left the city, but 45 returned. 

28. Anniversary of the district schools. The pupils assembled in 
the Capitol Park, to the number of upwards of 2000, and walked in 
procession to Kane's Walk, corner of South Pearl and Westerlo streets, 
where appropriate exercises were held. 

29. John S. Vandervolgen died. 

30. Cornelius Alexander died A robber assaulted alady in the 

street, who was accompanied by another lady and a gentleman, and 
wrested from her hand a purse of money and a ring valued at $20, with 
which he fled and eluded pursuit. 

31. A new organ of great power, recently placed in the Middle Dutch 
Church, was opened for public inspection. It was the largest in the city, 

and cost $4,000 A meeting at the Capitol of the friends of Ireland, 

the mayor in the chair Great rain storm at night, which damaged 

streets and houses. Nearly 2 inches of rain fell, about a week's supply 

in a rainy season The steam boat Oregon, on her trip down the 

river, came in contact with a sloop, by which several of her berths were 
stove in, and a young lady in one of them injured. 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 175 

AUGUST, 1848. 

1. Judge Harris robbed of his pocket book containing $300. at the 

rail road depot; the robber was immediately arrested Jacob 

Featherly died, aged 45 Elizabeth Demming died, aged 17. 

2. Jeremiah Smith died, aged 88. 

3. Mariah Hallenbake died, aged 21; wife of Christopher Hallenbake. 

4. The store 58 state street robbed of a large quantity of silks and 

other articles of dry goods The police officers arrested Lewis 

Van Cord at his house, and found in his possession a large quantity of 

stolen goods Margaret Bryan died, aged 24 John Glass fell 

from a tow boat and was drowned. 

6. Charlotte Hoard died, aged 84 ; widow of Jonathan Hoard, a rev- 
olutionary soldier. 

8. Four military companies arrived from New York as the guests of 
the Emmet Guards. They were accompanied by Lothian's Band; and 
having extended their visit to the Watervliet Arsenal, and Troy, returned 
by the evening boat to New York. 

10. Dr. Jonathan Eights died at his residence, corner North Pearl 
and Columbia streets, aged 75. He practiced his profession in this city 
nearly half a century, with distinguished skill and success, and was 

universally esteemed and respected William Updike died of pa 

ralysis, aged 34 Mary Jane Van Buren died, aged 22. 

12. Thos. Sullivan, a deaf mute, run over by the Troy rail road train 
and killed. 

13. James Aiken died of paralysis, aged 59. 

14. A man convicted of stealing a pair of hor-es from Chauncey Dex- 
ter, was sentenced to three years in the state prison. 

15. Dr. Morrell made an ascension in a balloon from the Mineral 
Spring Garden in Ferry street. The ropes were cut about 5 o'clock in 
the afternoon, and the balloon rose majestically, and took a notherly 

direction Thomas Maher, aged 8 years, was drowned in the pond 

at the head of Canal street, formed by the pent up waters which for- 
merly supplied the Foxen kill. This was the sixth life lost in the pond 
during two years. 

17. The Gr ^at Fire. It broke out in a small shed adjoining the Al- 
bion Hotel, (-/rner of Broadway and Herkimer streets, said to have been 
occasion':,! by a washerwoman's bonnet. The flames spread with great 
rapiuily before a strong south wind, taking in their course both sides of 
Broadway and Church street, and crossing to the Pier, swept every 
thing down as far as the cut at the foot of Maiden lane. The large 
buildings in the vicinity of the Eagle Tavern, presented a temporary 
barrier to the flames, which having passed, they swept on as far as the 
corner of Hudson street. The wind then suddenly shifted to the north, 
and drove the fire in an opposite direction. At night it commenced 
raining, which rendered the buildings less combustible, and assisted in 
staying the conflagration. Besides the great number of buildings con- 
sumed, vast quantities of every kind of property perished with them. 
The losses of the insurance companies was full half a million, and the 
whole loss could not have been much short of three millions of dollars, 
contained in about 600 houses. The exact area burnt over, including 
Basin and Pier, was 37 acres, about one-thirtieth of the whole city. It 



176 Chronicle of Eve7its in Albany. 

extended 700 feet west from the river on Herkimer street, 350 on Dal- 
lius, running northwardly ; 900 feet on Union street, continuing in the 
same direction ; 300 feet east on Hudson, and 1600 on Quay street, run- 
ing south. This was the most densely populated part of the city 

Robert Harvey died, aged 48. 

19. The store of Matthews Brown, corner of Chapel and Canal street 

robbed of $30 The firemen had a riot in South Pearl and State 

streets, as they were returning from a false alarm of fire, and several 
persons who took no part in the affray were severely injured. 

20. The sleeping apartment of Mr. Joseph Parker was robbed of $250 
and a gold watch. 

21. The Common Council ordained that no wooden building, or build, 
ing wholly or partially covered with wood, should thereafter be erected 
in any part of the city of Albany, east of Lark street; and that every 
eaves trough, cornice and gutter should be made of metal or other in- 
combustible material. 

22. Isaac Brown died at Somerville, N. J., aged 49 ; formerly a hard- 
ware merchant in Albany. 

23. Eliza Salisbury died, age! 28 ; wife of William Salisbury 

Benjamin P. Gregory, formerly of Albany, died at Jersey city, aged 43. 

25. Betsey McCarty died, aged 21. 

26. Whig meeting called at the Capitol on the receipt of Gen. Tay- 
lor's letter, accepting the nomination of the democrats of Charleston, 
S. C., to run on their ticket with Gen. Butler. Great indignation was 
expressed at this unexpected turn of things, and the disposition pre- 
vailed to throw the General overboard; but it was wisely determined to 

postpone the act to Monday night James Hanley, shot at the riot 

of the 19th, died of the wound after a week of intense suffering. 

27. Perry Tucker died, aged 47. 

28. The Common Council decided to improve the burnt district by 
widening and straightening the streets, and raising the grade of Broad- 
way between Hamilton and Lydius streets Adjourned indignation 

meeting of the whigs at the Capitol, convened to digest the Taylor and 
Butler nomination at Charleston, S. C. It was decided that the alarm 
of Saturday evening was groundless, and that there was no danger to 
be apprehended from the circumstance of Gen. Taylor having accepted 
a democratic nomination. 

30. Explosion of a steam boiler at the furnace of Ransom & Co., by 
which a portion of the roof and wall was blown off, and four of the 
workmen severely injured. 

SEPTEMBER, 1848. 

1. Col. Robert E. Temple returned to the city from the Mexican 

campaign John Hunt, forger of a check on the Exchange Bank 

for $1805, in November last, was arrested and committed for trial 

George Eugan died of wounds received by the fall of the draw at the 
Boston Ferry two weeks before. 

2. Mrs. Elizabeth Van Schaack died, aged 42 ; wife of John Van 
Schaack. 

3. Rev. Elias Vanderlip died, aged 84. He was the patriarch of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church in this city. He was born at Carl's Neck, 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 177 

Staten Island, Feb. 10, 1765, and left fatherless at an early age. When 
the British took New York, he was apprenticed to the shoe-making 
business. In 1787, he became a convert in the M.E. Church. In 1792, 
he first began to exhort. In 1796, he settled in Albany and opened a 
shoe store, but lost all his stock by fire ; he was then invited to Nis- 
kayuna (now Watervliet) to preach. In 1800, he was ordained a deacon, 
and his first appointment was to Pittsfield circuit in 1802. In 1804, he 
was ordained an elder. In 1805, his name was put down for Albany. 
He preached from 1805 to 1836, when he was obliged by old age to 
desist. In April last he was laid upon his bed with a broken thigh, from 
which, with the frosts of years thick upon him, and fearless of death, 
his immortal spirit winged its flight to a better world. 

5. Althia A. Loveland died; a pupil of the Normal School from Frank- 
lin, Delaware county Mary Relay died, aged 86 ; widow of Rob- 
ert Relay. 

7. Hon. John C. Spencer, of Albany, delivered the Address before 
the State Agricultural Society, at its annual fair, in Buffalo. 

9. Fire in the building north of the Mansion House, which was burnt 
out, leaving the walls standing. The jewelary store of Mulford & Wen- 
dell, the clothing store of Robert Freeman, the large law library of 
Samuel Stevens, and the Daguerreotype Rooms of Gavit, besides law offi- 
ces, work shops and store rooms, were considerably injured before they 
could be removed, or entirely consumed. Loss about $12.000, mostly 

insured The receipts of the Albany and Boston rail road, for the 

week ending this day, were $17,000 for passengers alone, being the 
largest sum received from that source in any one week since the opening 
of the road. 

12. The new steam ferry boat, T. W. Olcott. commenced running at 

the Albany and Boston Rail Road Ferry Barney Flinn died, aged 

34; a volunteer in the company under Col. Temple. 

13. Nomination of Gen. John A. Dix, by the Barnburner or Free Soil 

convention at Utica, for the office of governor of the state The 

house of A. McCowan robbed of money and jewelery. 

14. Frost ; fires necessary in the morning. . . . Annual exhibition of the 
Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural Society, at the Geological Rooms. 

Meeting of the Clay whigs at the Capitol, when it was resolved 

to abandon Taylor, and adopt Henry Clay, and attempt to carry his 

lection Meeting of the rail road companies at Utica, when it was 

resolved to reduce the fare between Albany and Buffalo to $9 75, being 
an average of 3 cents a mile Elizabeth Wadsworth died, aged 73. 

15. Fire in the wooden building, corner of South Pearl and Hamilton 

street; damage small Elizabeth Somers died, aged 48 ; widow of 

the late John Somers. 

18. The Common Council resolved to extend the area of the steam- 
boat landing south to Lydius street. 

19. The members of the city corporation proceeded in a body to Con- 
gress Hall to pay their respects to Gen. Worth On the opening of 

the Mayor's court the grand jury came in with thirty indictments with- 
out having finished their business. There were 170 criminal cases on 
the calendar before The last remittance from the New York re- 
lief committee to the sufferers by the fire in Albany, amounting in the 
whole to $12,035 A ship carpenter by the name of Paul, while 



178 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

engaged at work on a boat, fell into the Basin and was drowned 

Flour $5-75 to $5'87; wheat $1'30; oats 34 cents.; pork $13. There- 
ceipts by canal this day were: flour 6,236 bushels; ashes 47 do; whis- 
key, &c. 7,600 gallons; corn, 3,296 bushels; barley 2.755; oats 7,246; 
wheat 4,943; peas and beans 225; clover and grass seed 1.100 Ibs.; but- 
ter 49,520; cheese 20,262; wool 1,527 Sarah Winne died, agedSOj 

widow of Kilian I. Winne Elizabeth Loucks died, aged 63; wife 

of John H. Loucks Esther S. Meech died, aged 20. 

20. Henry Z Whitney died, aged 23. 

21. The seventh semi-annual examination of the State Normal School, 
when 96 pupils graduated. 

22. Snow on the neighboring hills The heavy iron rail on the 

Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road being completed, an experimental trip 
was made with three cars, resting upon india rubber springs, and drawn 
by the Mohawk locomotive, built by McQueen. The trip was performed 
in 30 minutes, and the return trip in 24 minutes, being at the rate of 
42 miles an hour. 

23. Dr. Christopher C. Yates died at Parishborough, Nova Scotia; he 
was originally from Albany, and took a very active and decided part in 
the controversy on the great question of the origin and treatment of 
yellow fever John W. Lightbody died, aged 26. 

25. Robert Sutton and Chauncey Van Lew, two notorious rogues, 

escaped from jail and eluded pursuit William R. Cantine died, 

a^ed 49 Thomas Flood died, aged 39. 

26. Meeting at the Capitol of the old Hunkers, to ratify the state no. 
minations. R. W. Peckham, Esq., and Mike Walsh were the principal 
orators, and the consumption of tar was enormous! 

27. First heavy frost of the season, which had been unusually cold, 

with rain 13 days ..Thomas Gale died, aged 28 Peter H.Hil. 

ton died Abraham T. Evertsen died, aged 41 Hannah Ten 

Eyck died, wife of William Ten Eyck. 

28. Convention of Antirenters, who nominated Gen. John A. Dix for 
governor and George W. Patterson for lieutenant governor. 

29. Ellen Ann Graham died, aged 18. 

30. Two persons returning from market at night were attacked 
without provocation, and severely beaten by three ruffians, who escaped 

detection The boarding house 659 Broadway robbed by a young 

man who got access under pretence of taking board.. , ,. , .David Hemp* 
hill died, aged 39. 

OCTOBER, 1848. 

2. At a meeting of the Common Council, the committee on the re- 
organization of the Fire Department reported in favor of paying firemen 
$30 per annum, and appointing a chief engineer, with a salary of $700, 

to devote his time wholly to the duties appertaining to his office 

Matthew Clerton died, aged 73. 

3. The shoe store of Jacob Lansing in Broadway robbed of a quantity 
of boots. 

4. Jane Van Schaack died; widow of the late Nicholas Van Schaack. 

The dwelling house of Elijah Simmons, in Pearl street, robbed 

of $40. 

5. The county convention of whigs nominated John 1i. Schoplcraft 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 179 

for congress, and James Kidd for county treasurer Saran Ann 

Holliday died, aged 33; wife of James Holliday Elizabeth Dele- 

hant, aged 32; wife of Andrew Delehant. 

6. Flour, $5-50 to $5-87; buckwheat, $2' 12; wheat, $1'27; corn, 67; 
barley, 71 to 74. 

7. Trotting match on the Troy road for a purse of $200. Jack Ros- 
siter and Lady Moscow were the only competitors; the former won all 
three heats; time 2'3S, 2'39, 2 37. After which Ferguson and McGovern 
had a two mile foot race for a purse of $30. Ferguson took it in 11.27 

minutes The grand jury came into court with the following in- 

dictmenls: burglary in the first degree, 3; assault and battery, 6; as- 
sault and battery on an officer, 1; grand larcency, 3; obtaining property 
tinder false-pretences, 1 ; indecent exposure, 2; passing counterfeit money, 
2; robbery, 1; sealed, 10. 

8. F. W. Ingmire ordained as a minister of the gospel at the Pearl 

Street Baptist Church Afire destroyed a barn in South Lansing 

street William Maternaghan, an auctioneer, long in the employ 

of J. I. Jones, found drowned in the river below the city John A. 

Wilson died, aged 51. 

9. Attempt to rob Newton's clothing store The steamboat Os- 

wego reached the dock with 36 boats in tow ; 13 barges and 23 lakers. 

10. The drug and medicine store of Burrows &. Nelligar robbed; the 
only booty was a few pennies The Albany Burgesses Corps elect- 
ed their officers for the ensuing year. 

11. Hunt, alias Webb, convicted and sentenced to five years imprison. 

ment, for a forgery on the Exchange Bank William K. A msden 

died, aged 28. 

13. John Gibson assaulted James Galvin with a knife, in Broadway, 

at 7 o'clock in the evening Robert Lyle, a native of Scotland, died. 

Catharine Carey died, aged 23. 

14. The steam propeller Hartford made her first landing here; in- 
tended to run in connection with the Albany, between this city and 
Hartford; being the third steam packet plying between the two cities. 
Her capacity about fifty tons greater than the Albany. 

15. A fire destroyed the steam saw mill of Clement Warren in Water 
Street, corner of Quackenbush, a large quantity of lumber adjoining, 

and the fur shop of George C. Treadwell. Loss about $10.000 

Another fire, in the basement of the Baptist Church in South Pearl 

street, during service; did but little injury Riot in the evening at 

a shanty in the burnt district. 

16. Elvenah C. Anderson died, aged 16 Harriet Booth died, 

aged 21... Mrs. Prudence White died, aged 60. 

17. Robbery of the house No. 1 Phrenix Place Mrs. Ann Bas- 

sett died at Penn Yan, aged 86; widow of the Rev. John Bassett, for- 
merly pastor of the Reformed Protestant Dutch CLurch in Albany 

Mrs. Almira Barnard died, aged 55. 

20. James Keeler died at Summit, Wisconsin, aged 76; forty years a 
resident in Albany. 

22. Arthur Quinn died, aged 36. 

23. The rail road train from Buffalo, under the new arrangement, 
came through in 17 hours; the usual time was 24 hours; a gain of nearly 
one third James Butler died, aged 40. 



180 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

24. Sale of Dutch Church lots on Snipe, Knox, and Sand streets, at 
$32.50 to $37.50 each- James Frazer died, aged 52. 

26. The hall corner of Green and Beaver streets, fitted up for the use 
of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was dedicated with appro- 
priate ceremonies. 

27. The iron cover of the great tank belonging to the gas company, 
in the process of erection in the north part of the city, fell about 2 o'- 
clock, while more than 30 persons were at work upon it, by which one 
was killed, and others severely injured. The damage sustained by the 
company was about $1,000 Giles Fredericks killed lay the acci- 
dent at the gas works Catharine Foy died, aged 50; wife of Philip 

Foy. 

29. A fire took in the basement of No. 8 Green street, which destroy- 
ed the building. Loss $20,000 The stable and slaughterhouse 

of James A.Putnam, on Arbor Hill, burnt George L. Thomas 

shot by Jane Elizabeth Britton, in John street Jane Connick died, 

aged 72; widow of Andrew Connick Elizabeth Scott died, aged 59. 

30. Dense fog; the steam boats due in the morning did not arrive till 
4 o'clock in the afternoon. The boats which left this city the day be- 

fore, were overtaken by the morning boats George Charles died, 

aged 81 Dr. Amos N. Burton died, aged 37. 

31. William Duncan Topp died, aged 42. 

NOVEMBER, 1848. 

1. Mutual agreement of the jewelers to close their stores at 8 o'clock 

in the evening Rev. W. H. Waggoner settled pastor of the Uui- 

versalist Church Trotting match on the Troy road, betvreen Jenny 

Lind and Mac, which was won by the latter in 2'38. 

2. The stables of Judge Gansevoort and Watts Sherman in Washing- 
ton street set on fire and consumed in the evening, 

3. William Annesley died, aged 81. 

4. Whig torch-light procession in the evening, during which several 

outrages and serious accidents occurred Barn burnt in the rear of 

14 Lumber street. 

5. Rev. B. T. Welch announced to his congregation, the First Baptist 
Church, in Pearl street, that he had accepted a call to the Pierpont 
street church in Brooklyn 

7. Election day; the whig ticket elected by a large majority; on the 
presidential electors, the vote stood for Taylor 3473; Cass 1833; Van 
Buren 1376 ; for congress, J. L. Schoolcraft 3318; C. Bouton 1500; B. 
R. Wood 1351; for assembly, R. H. Pruyn, 1729; H. Rector 558; Amos 
Dean 631; Joel A. Wing 1858; Eli Perry 1011; J. R. Van Rensselaer 
27; Stewart 727. Connected with the usual balloting, a vote was taken 
to get the public sentiment on the scheme of supplying the city with 
water at the public expense. The vote for water was 4405; no water 6; 

brandy and water strong, 1 By a wonderful achievment of art and 

science in the telegraph, the result of the elections in Massachusetts 
and other more remote states was pretty certainly known before 9 o'clock 
in the evening : and within twenty-four hours after the closing of the 
polls, it was ascertained almost beyond question that Gen. Zachary Tay- 
lor was elected president by a large majority of votes. 



Chronicle of Events in Albany. 191 

10. Cold morning; thermometer indicated 15+0. Some of the ponds 

in the vicinity frozen over A shanty erected on the burnt district 

took fire and was razed to the ground ; during which a man in attempt- 
ing to push off a sloop from the dock, fell overboard and was drowned. 

Cecilia Williams died in New York; wife of Ezra Williams, and 

daughter of the late Sebastian Visscher, of Albany Jeremiah 

Wallace died, aged 80. 

11. The mayor acknowledged a donation from the Shakers of blankets 

to the value of several hundred dollars A snow storm commenced 

in the evening Jennet White Autey died, aged 48; wife of Alex. 

Auley. 

13. Elizabeth Kelley died, wife of Michael Kelley. 

18. Fire in the basement of the Jewish Synagogue in Herkimer st. 

19. Fire in the bakery corner Union and Hamilton streets. 

20. Snow storm. 

21. Monument erected in the cemetery over the grave of Maj. Lewis 
N. Morris, who fell at the battle of Monterey. 

22. Christopher Anthony died, aged 25. 

23. Steam boat Belle left this port with 29 boats in tow, and arrived 
at New York in 42 hours. The tonnage of this fleet was 4500, and its 
probable value $170,000 Patrick Morrison died, aged 26. 

24. Fire in Broad street destroyed three houses and a stable 

Uriah Marvin died, aged 79. 

25. Silas Houghton, an aged and respected citizen died Mary 

Leslie died, aged 53. 

26. Joseph S. Clark died, aged 68 Joseph Blake died, aged 39. 

27. The common council at a full meeting passed a new fire law, en- 
tirely reorganizing the fire department James Hays a news boy, in 

attempting to jump from the cars fell under the wheels, and was killed. 

The steam boat Belle left the Dock with 39 boats in tow, and 

arrived in New York in 46 hours. This was by far the largest number 
of boats ever attempted to be towed by one steam boat on the Hudson 
river. 

28. The Firemen held an indignation meeting at the Capitol, and had 
a procession with banners in honor of the new fire law, which was not 
framed in consonance with their views and feelings Joseph Rob- 
inson died, aged 62 Francis Finnegan died, aged 53. 

DECEMBER, 1848. 

3. John Macready robbed the house of P. Maher in Ferry street, 
While the family were at tea, but was caught in the street by an officer. 

Case of affray and stabbing at the grocery of O'Connell, corner 

of Green and Lydius streets. 

5. Presidential electors of the state of New York met at the Capitol 
at 4 o'clock afternoon, and having organized, adjourned to the following 
day, when they cast their votes unanimously for Zachary Taylor for 

president of the United States Wesley Goodwin arrested on the 

complaint of his wife for brutal usage towards herself and children, 
for which he was sentenced to the Penitentiary one year.. .. ...Alida 

Visscher died, aged 82; widow of the late Teunis G. Visscher. 

6. Horace Pierce died, aged 42. 

16 



182 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 

7. Great competition between the Isaac Newton and Rip Van Winkle 

tteam boats ; prices of fare to New York 50 cts. to Stable burnt 

on the corner of Dove and Spring streets. 

8. Margaret Mayer died, widow of the late Frederick G. Mayer. 

9. The canals closed by order of the commissioners, in order to pro- 
secute ihe enlargement. The weather was still extremely mild, after a 
week of rain, and no ice had yet formed either in the canal or river. 

Dr. John H. Douglass, an aged and wealthy citizen of Troy, fell 

and expired in the Capitol, while attending the comptroller's tax sale. 
Beerrnah B. Herner died, aged 35. 

10. Elizabeth Van Bergen died Julia Ann Shaw died. 

11. Edward Harty died, aged 64. 

14. Henry M. Fergusen died, aged 61; Thaddeus Pomeroy died at 
Clinton, Mich., aged 30, formerly of Albany. 

16. Alhaliah Serviss died, wife of William Serviss. 

17. Charles Roarke died, aged 41. 

18. Fire in the area of the Carlton House Christiana M. Van- 

denburgh died, aged 47; wife of John A. Vandenburgh The store 

of James Osborne robbed of a few dollars in change. 

20- James Goadby precipitated himself from a third story window 
upon the street pavement, in a fit of derangement, which caused his 

death.. ./.. .Sarah Beuchanan died, aged 65 James Maroney 

drowned in the Canal Basin Rev. W. H. Wagoner installed pastor 

over the Universalist charch. 

21 Snow; no steam boat left for New York Nancy Lovett died. 

John MacNamara died, aged 30. 

22. First sleighing Cynthia Webster died at Albion, Orleans 

county, aged 78; widow of the late Charles R. Webster of Albany. 

23. John Thomas, Jr. died John Timmons, a drayman, killed by 

a locomotive in attempting to cross the rail road track before the train. 

The cold weather completely closed the river, but the Columbia 

forced her way up through the ice. 

24. Jane D. Thompson died, aged 80 Harriet Bassett died, 

aged 16. 

25. Slight fire in the Delavan House David Thomas died. 

26. A train arrived from New York by the Housatonic road, which 
opened on Christmas for the winter travel, promising to make daily 

trips in eight hours, by daylight Fanny Perceval died, aged 50; 

wife of George Perceval. 

27. Rev. Rutger Van Brunt installed pastor over the Third Reformed 
Protestant Dutch Church in Albany; the former pastor, Dr. William H. 
Campbell, preached the installation sermon. 

23. The river completely shut, no boat having arrived. 

29. Jane Ann Boyd died, daughter of the late Peter Boyd. 

30. Ceremony of presenting a sword to Gen. Wool took place at the 
Capitol. The sword, the sift of the state, valued at $1700, was present- 
ed by the governor, John Young, and was in approbation of his distin- 
guished services in the war with Mexico Seventy freight cars left 

the depot for New York by the Housatonic road. 

31. Trinity church, corner of Herkimer and Franklin streets, purchas- 
ed by the South Baptist Society, was first used by them for public wor- 
ship. 



Cvlony of Rensselaerswyck. 183 

THE COLONY OF RENSSELAERSWYCK. 



1614 TO 1646. 

The Dutch having in 1609 discovered and explored the North river, 
which has since taken the name of their navigator, Hudson, a number of 
adventurers followed in his track, who pursued a small trade with the 
Indians, and made further voyages of discovery along the coast and up 
the rivers. The most noted of these were Adrien Block, Hendrick 
Corstiaensen and Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, in the year 1614. We com- 
pile from the valuable History of New Netherland, by Dr. E. B. O'CAL- 
LAGHAN, the following account of the progress of the colony of Rensse- 
laerswyck for a period of thirty-three years. 

Intelligence of the discoveries made by Block and his associates hav- 
ing been transmitted to Holland, was received there early in the autumn 
of 1614. The united company by whom they had been employed, lost 
no time in taking the steps necessary to secure to themselves the exclu- 
sive trade of the countries thus explored, which was guarantied to 
them by the ordinance of the 27th of March. They sent deputies imme- 
diately to the Hague, who laid before the States General a report of 
their discoveries, as required by law, with a figurative map of the 
newly explored countries, which now, for the first time, obtained the 
name of NEW NETHERLAND. A special grant in favor of the interested 
parties was forthwith accorded by their High Mightinesses, in the fol- 
lowing terms : 

" The States General of the United Netherlands to all to whom these 
presents shall come, greeting. WHEREAS Gerrit Jacob Witsen, former 
burgomaster of the city of Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen and Simon Moris- 
sen, owners of the ship called the Little Fox, (het vosje,) Captain Jam 
de Witt, master-, Hans Hongers, Paul Pelgrom, and Lambrecht van 
Tweenhuysen, owners of the two ships called the Tiger and the For- 
tune, Captains Adriaen Block and Hendrick Corstiaensen, masters; Ar- 
noudt van Lybergen, Wessel Schenck, Hans Claessen, and Barens 
Sweetsen, owners of the ship the Nightingale, (Nochtegael,) Capt. Thuys 
Volckertsen, merchant in the city of Amsterdam, master; and Pieter 
Clementsen Brouwer, Jan Clementsen Kies, and Cornells Volkertsen 
merchants in the city of Hoorn, owners of the ship the Fortune, Capt. 
Cornelis Jacobsen Mey, master, have united into one company, and 
have shown to us by their petition, that after great expenses and dam- 
ages by loss of ships and other perils, during the present year, they, 
with the above named five ships, have discovered certain new lands 
situated in America, between New France and Virginia being the 
sea coasts between 40 and 45 degrees of latitude, and now called NEW 
NETHERLAND: "And whereas, they further represent that We did, in 
the month of March, publish, for the promotion and augmentation of 
commerce, a certain consent and grant, setting forth that whosoever 
should discover new havens, lands, places, or passages, should be per- 

17 



184 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

mitted exclusively to visit and navigate the same for four voyages, with- 
out permitting any other person out of the United Netherlands to visit 
or frequent such newly discovered places, until the said discoverers 
shall have performed the four voyages, within the space of time pre- 
scribed to them for that purpose, under the penalties therein expressed, 
c. v and request that We should be pleased to accord to them due testi- 
mony of the aforesaid grant in the usually prescribed form : Wherefore, 
the premises having been considered, and We, in our Assembly, having 
communication of the pertinent report of the petitioners relative to the 
discoveries and finding of the said new countrres between the above- 
named limits and degrees, and also of their adventurers, have consented 
and granted, and by these presents do consent and grant, to the said 
petitioners, now united into one company, that they shall be permitted 
exclusively to visit and navigate the above described lands, situate in 
America, between New France and Virginia, the seacoasts of which 
lie between the 40th and 45th degrees oi latitude, and which are now 
named New Netherland, as is to be seen on the figurative maps by 
them prepared; and to navigate, or cause to be navigated, the same for 
four voyages, within the period of three years, to commence from the 
first day of January, 1615, or sooner, without it being permitted, direct- 
ly or indirectly, to any one else to sail, to frequent, or navigate, out 
of the United Netherlands, those newly discovered lands, havens, or 
places, within the space of three years, as above, on penalty of the con- 
fiscation of the vessel and cargo, besides a fine of fifty thousand Nether- 
lands ducats, for the benefit of said discoverers. Provided, however, that 
by these presents we do not intend to prejudice or diminish any of our 
former grants and concessions; and it is also our intention that if any 
diputes or differences should arise from these our concessions, that they 
shall be decided by ourselves. We therefore, expressly command all 
governors, justices, officers, magistrates, and inhabitants, of the afore- 
said United Netherlands, that they allow said company peacefully and 
quietly to enjoy the whole benefit of this our grant, and to interpose no 
difficulties or obstacles to the welfare of the same. Given at the Hague, 
under our seal, paraph, and the signature of our Secretary, on the llth 
day of October, 1614." 

Having thus obtained for themselves the exclusive right to visit and 
trade with the countries in America, lying between the fortieth and 
forty-fifth degrees of north latitude, of which they strangely claimed to 
be the first discoverers, so shortly after Hudson's visit, the above named 
merchants, who now assumed the name and title of The United New 
Netherland Company, proceeded to make the arrangements necessary to 
draw from their new possessions the largest returns. On an island 
situated at the head of the navigation, near the west bank of the Manhat- 
tan river, now named De Riviere van den Vorst Mauritius, or Prince 
Maurice's river, and immediately below the present city of Albany, 
they caused a trading house to be erected, thirty-six feet long and 
twenty-six feet wide. Around this was raised a strong stockade, fifty 
feet square, which was next encirled by a moat eighteen feet wide, the 
whole being defended by two pieces of cannon and eleven stone guns, 
mounted on swivels, and garrisoned by ten or twelve men. This post 



Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 185 

was placed under the command of Jacob Jacobz Elkens, \rho continued 
here four years in the employ of this association, during which time he 
was well liked by the natives, with whose language he was thoroughly 
conversant. Another fort was erected, under the superintendence of 
Corstiaensen, on an elevated spot on the southern extremity of the island 
Manhattan, where an insignificant establishment had already existed in 
1613, as already stated. Possession was thus taken of the two most 
important points on the river, to which the powerful Mohawks, the 
fierce Manhatters, and the various other tribes in the neighborhood, 
brought their valuable furs to be exchanged for European trinkets and 
duffels The post at the mouth of the river was, however, the traders' 
head-quarters. Hither annually came the ships of the New Netherland 
Company, arid hence was annually exported whatever had been collected 
from the Indians, after their hunting season, at the neighboring coasts 
and rivers; from the distant castles of the Five Nations to the hunting 
grounds of the Minquas. Considerable activity consequently prevailed 
among the agents and other servants of the company in pushing trade, 
and exploring the adjoining coasts. Runners scoured the woods, in order 
to become acquainted with the habits of the Indians, their manner of 
dealing, and to establish friendly relations with those tribes to which 
the Dutch were not already known. 

The Restless having now thoroughly examined the coast as far as 
38, and penetrated up the Delaware as far as the Schuylkill, Capt. 
Hendrickson returned to Holland in the summer of 1616, from his second 
voyage, for the purpose of laying before the managers of the company the 
particulars of his explorations. On being presented to the States Gene- 
ral, he made a verbal report of his adventures, on the part of his employ- 
ers, who, at the same time, petitioned their High Mightinesses, setting 
forth that they had, at considerable expense, discovered and explored 
certain countries, bays, and three rivers, lying in latitude from 38 to 
40, with a small yacht called the Restless, of about eight lasts burden, 
commanded by Capt Cornelis Hendricksen, Jr., of Monnichendam, 
which yacht the petitioners had built in the aforesaid country. They 
thereupon demanded, in conformity with the provisions of the ordinance 
of March, 1614. the exclusive privilege of trading thither. 

Skipper Hendricksen's report, it is to be regretted, is both meagre and 
.brief. After the detail of the preceding discoveries, he described the 
country as well wooded with oak, pine, and hickory, which trees he add- 
ed, were in some places covered with vines. He stated that he found 
in those parts male and female deer, turkeys, and partridges, and that 
the climate was as temperate as that of Holland ; that he had traded 
for seal and sable skins, furs, and other peltries, with the Minquas, from 
whom he had ransomed three of the company's servants, who had left 
their employment among the Mohawks and Mohegans, having given, 
in exchange for them, beads, kettles, and other merchandise. 

Whether it was that the States General were dissatisfied with the small 
amount of information furnished in this report, or that other interests had 
by this time sprung up, which were anxious to participate in the advan- 
tages of the trade to America, or that paramount reasons of puplic policy 
influenced their deliberations, their high mightinesses laid this appli- 



186 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

cation on the table, and the exclusive grant to the New Netherland 
Company expired, by its own limitation, on the 1st of January, 1618, 
in the spring of which year, the breaking up of the ice r and the accom- 
panying freshet on the River Mauritius, or North river, did so much 
injury to the company's fort on Castle island, that their servants were 
obliged to abandon it, and to remove a few miles south, to the banks of 
the Tawalsontha creek, now called the Norman's kill. Here, on a hill, 
called by the Indians Tawassgunshee, they erected a new fortification, 
and concluded with the great confederacy of the Five Nations a formal 
treaty of alliance and peace. 

This celebrated Indian confederation was composed of five tribes, namely 
the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondngas, Cayugas, and Senecas, and generally 
known by the name of the Iroquois. They inhabited the country bound- 
ed on the east by the great River Manhattes and Lake Irocoisia, or 
Champlain; on the west by Lake Erie and the River Niagara-, on the 
north by Lake Ontario and the Great river of Canada; and on the 
south by the country of the Lenni Lenape, or Delawares. When the 
Dutch arrived in America, the tribes composing the Five Nations were 
at war with the Algonquin, or Canada Indians But the latter having 
formed an alliance with the French, who, some years previous to this 
date, had commenced the settlement of New France, as Canada was 
called, derived such powerful aid from the fire-arms of their European 
allies, that the Iroquois were defeated in almost every rencontre with 
their ancient enemy. Smarting under the- disgrace of tbese unexpected 
repulses, the Iroquois hailed the establishment among them r now of 
another European nation familiar with the use of those terrible instru- 
ments, which, almost without human invention, scattered death wher- 
ever they were directed, and defied the war club and bow and arrow as 
weapons of attack or defence. Though jealous by nature, and given to 
suspicion, the Indians exhibited none of these feelings towards the new- 
comers, whose numbers were too few even to protect themselves or to inflict 
injury on others. On the contrary, they courted their friendship, for 
through them they shrewdly calculated on being placed in a condition to 
cope with the foe, or to obtain that bloody triumph for which they 
thirsted. Such were the -circumstances which now led to that treaty of 
alliance, which, as the tradition goes, was concluded on the tanks of 
the Norman's kill, between the Five Nations and the Dutch. 

Nothing could surpass the importance the warlike inhabitants of those 
ancients forests attached to the ratification of this solemn treaty. Each 
tribe sent its chief as its ambassador to represent it on this occasion. 
The neighboring tribes the Lenni Lenape and Mohegans were invited 
to attend ; and there in the presence of the earth, their common mother 
of the sun, which shed its genial heat on all alike by the murmurs 
of that romantic stream, whose waters had been made to flow by their 
common Maker from all time, was the belt of peace held fast by the 
Dutch and their aboriginal allies, in token of their eternal union. There 
was the calumet smoked, and the hatchet buried, while the Dutch traders 
declared that they should forthwith erect a church over the weapon of 
war, so that it could no more be exhumed without overturning the sa- 
cred edifice, and whoever dared do that should incur the resentment of 



Colony of Rensselaerswyck. . 187 

the white men. By this treaty the Dutch secured for themselves the 
quiet possession of the Indian trade, and the Five Nations obtained the 
means to assert that ascen 'ancy which they ever after maintained over the 
other native tribes, and to inspire terror far and near among the other 
savages of North America." 

The West India Company having finally in 1623 concluded its pre- 
paratory arrangements, and completed, with the sanction of the States 
General, the articles of agreement between the managers and the other 
adventurers, lost no time in commencing operations and forming estab- 
lishments in New Netherland, which was erected into a province. A 
fortified post, called Fort Orange, was commenced on the west bank of 
the river Mauritius, as the North jiver was called, a few miles north of 
the redoubt which had been erected in 1618 on Tawalsoatha creek, and 
thirty-six (Dutch) miles from the Island of Manhattans. 

In 1629, a charter of privileges and exemptions was passed for the 
encouragement of patroons to settle colonies, and in the following year 
several wealthy and influential directors of the Dutch West India 
company hastened to avail themselves of its advantages. Bastiaea 
Jansen Krol, commissary, and Dierck Cornelissen Duyster, under- 
commissary at Fort Orange, having learned that a tract of land called 
Sannahagog, lying on the west side of the North river, extending from 
Beeren island, by the Indians called Passapenock, up to the Smackx 
island, and in breadth two days' journey, was for sale,, purchased the 
same from Paep Sikenekomptas, Nancouttanshal, and Sickoussen, the 
native proprietors, for Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a pearl-merchant in 
Amsterdam, and oae of the directors of the West India Company. 
Three momths afterwards, Gillis Hoossett purchased, in the presence of 
Jan Jansen Meyndertsen, Wolfert Gerrittsen, and Jan Tyssen, trumpeter, 
for the same gentleman, from Cottomack, Nawanemit, Abantzene, 
Sagisguwa, and Kanamoack, the lands lying south and north of Fort 
Orange, and extending to within a short distance of Moenimines Castle, 
then situated on what is now called Haver island, at the mouth of 
the Mohawk; and from Nawanemit, one of the last named chiefs, 
his grounds, called Semesseeck, stretching on the east side of the 
river, from opposite Castle island to a point facing Fort Orange, and 
thence from Pretanoek, the Mill creek, north to Negagons. These 
conveyances were subsequently ratified by the respective parties, in the 
presence of the Director-general and council of New Netherland, who 
signed an instrument to that effect, " sealed with the seal of New Neth- 
erland in red wax," on the same day that the charter of 1629 was 
proclaimed at Fort Amsterdam. Nearly seven years afterwards namely, 
ly, on the 13th April, 1637 an intervening district called Papsickenekaas 
or Papsskanea as the name is now pronounced, lying also on the east side 
of the river, and extending from opposite Castle island south to the point 
opposite Smackx island, and including the adjacent islands and all the 
lands back into the interior, belonging to the Indain owners, was purchased 
" for certain quantities of duffels, axes, knives, and wampum," also for 
Mr. Van Rensselaer, who thus became proprietor of a tract of country 
twenty-four miles long, and forty eight miles broad, containing, as is esti- 
mated,, over seven hundred thousand acres of land., which now compose 
the counties of Albany, Rensselaer., and part .of the county of Columbia . 



188 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

On the 1st of October 1630, a copartnership was entered into between 
Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Samuel Godyn. Johannes de Laet, and Samuel 
Bloemmaert, with whom were associated Adam Bissels and Toussaint 
Moussart, who, by the terms of the contract, were constituted codirec- 
tors, of Rensselaerswyck. The common stock of this association was 
divided into five shares, of which Van Rensselaer held two; De Laet, 
one; Godyn, one; and Bloemmaert and his associates, one; and the man- 
agement of the affairs of the colonie was committed to a board consisting 
of four persons or votes, of which Van Rensselaer represented, or held 
two; Bloemmaert, or Bissels, one; and De Laet, or Moussart, one. Van 
Rensselaer was, however, not to have any rank or authority in the 
colonie superior to his associates, except the title of patroon, which, with 
all its feudal honors, was vested in him alone, the partners binding them- 
selves to do fealty and homage for the fief on his demise, in the name, 
and on the behalf of his son and heirs. 

Another association was formed, a few days afterwards, between 
Godyn, Van Rensselaer, Bloemmaert, De Laet, Mathias van Cuelen, 
Hendrick Hamel, Johan van Harinckhouck, and Nicolaus van Sitterich, 
also directors of the West India Company, and Capt. David Pieterssen 
de Vries, for planting a colonie on the South river. Equalizing all 
expected advantages, they equipped a ship and yacht for that quarter, 
where they designed raising tobacco and grain, and prosecuting the 
whale-fishery, oil bringing then a fair price in Holland. Preparations 
were also made to expedite farmers and cattle to Rensselaerswyck: and 
everywhere, at home and abroad, things wore the aspect of prosperity, 
and u promised fairlie both to the state and undertakers." 

The condition of the Dutch settlements on the North river, at this time, 
is thus alluded to by a contemporary English writer: "This which they 
have settled in New England upon Hudson's river, with no extraordi- 
nary charge or multitude of people, is knowne to subsist in a comfortable 
manner, and to promise fairlie both to the state and undertakers. The 
cause is evident: The men whom they carrie, though they be not many, 
are well chosen, and known to be useful and serviceable; and they second 
them with seasonable and fit supplies, cherishing them as carefully as 
their owne families, and employ them in profitable labors, that are 
knowne to be of speciall use to their comfortable subsisting." The 
Planters' Plea; London, 1630. 

^ The inhabitants of Rensselaerswyck in 1640, who numbered at the 
time as many traders as individuals, noting the avidity with which the 
Mohawks sought after fire-arms, willingly paying the English twenty 
beavers for a musket, and from ten to twelve guilders for a pound of 
gunpowder, were desirous to share so profitable a trade. They commenced 
accordingly, to furnish fire-arms to these Indians. The profits which 
accrued became soon known, and traders from Holland soon introduced 
large quantities of guns and other munitions of war into the interior. 
The Mohawks, thus provided with arms for four hundred warriors, swept 
the country from Canada to the sea-coast, levying tribute on the sur- 
rounding terror-stricken tribes. 

The charter of 1629 having provided that every colonie should contain, 
within four years after its establishment, at least fifty persons over fif 



I 

Hi 





Ontario: 






Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 189 

teen years of age, one fourth of whom should be located within the 
first year, the parties interested in the settlement of Rensselaerswyck 
lost no time in complying with these conditions. Early in the spring of 
the following year a number of colonists, with their families, and pro- 
vided with farming implements, stock, and all other necessaries, sailed 
from the Texel, in the company's ship the Eendracht, Capt. Jan Brou- 
wer, commander, and arived in safety at the Manhattes, after a passage 
of sixty-four days. In a short time afterwards they landed at Fort 
Orange, in the vicinity of which they were furnished with comfortable 
farm-houses and other dwellings, at the expense of the patroon and his 
associates. Other settlers followed, with additional stock, each succeed- 
ing season, and thus were laid the foundations of those moral, wealthy, 
and prosperous settlements which we now behold in and around the 
present city of Albany. 

Invested as well by the Roman law, as by the charter, with the chief 
command and lower jurisdiction, the patroon became empowered to 
administer civil and criminal justice, in person, or by deputy, within 
his colonie; to appoint local officers and magistrates; to erect courts, and 
to take cognizance of all crimes committed within his limits-, to keep a 
gallows, if such were required, for the execution of malefactors, subject 
however, to the restriction that if such gallows happened, by any ac- 
cident, to fall, pending an execution, a new one could not be erected, 
unless for the purpose of hanging another criminal. The right to inflict 
punishments of minor severity was necessarily included in that which 
authorized capital convictions, and accordingly we find various instances, 
throughout the record of the local court, of persons who had, by breaking 
the law, rendered themselves dangerous to society, or obnoxious to the 
authorities, having been banished from the colonie, or condemned to 
corporal chastisement, fine, or imprisonment, according to the grade of 
their offences. 

In civil cases, all disputes between man and man; whether relating 
to contracts, titles, possessions, or boundaries; injuries to property, per- 
son, or character; claims for rents, and all other demands between the 
patroon and his tenants, were also investigated and decided by these 
courts; from the judgment of which, in matters affecting life and limb, 
and in suits where the sum in litigation exceeded twenty dollars, ap- 
peals lay to the director-general and council at Fort Amsterdam. But 
the] local authorities, it must be added, were so jealous of this privilege 
that they obliged the colonists, on settling within their jurisdiction to 
promise not to appeal from any sentence of the local tribunal. 

The laws in force here were, as in other sections of New Nelherland, 
the civil code, the enactments of the States General, the ordinances of 
the West India Company, and of the director-general and council, when 
properly published within the colonie, and such rules and regulations as 
the patroon and his codirectors, or the local authorities might establish 
and enact. 

The government was vested in a general court, which exercised exec- 
utive, legislative or muncipa], and judicial functions, and which was 
composed of two commissaries, (gecommittcerden;) two councillors, 
styled indiscriminately raetspersoonen, gerechts-persoonen, or raedts- 



190 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

vrienden, or schepenen, and who answered to modern justices of the peace. 

Adjoined to this court were a colonial secretary, a sheriff, or, schout 
fiscaal, and a Gerechts-bode, court messenger, or constable. Each of 
these received a small compensation, either in the shape of a fixed salary 
or fees; the commissaries and magistrates, fifty, one hundred, or two 
hundred guilders annually, according to their standing; the secretary 
one hundred guilders; and the court messenger one hundred and fifty, 
with the addition of trifling fees for the transcript and service of papers. 
The magistrates of the colonie held office for a year, the court appointing 
their successors from among the other settlers, or continuing those already 
in office, at the expiration of their term of service, as it deemed proper. 

The most important functionary attached to this government was, 
as throughout the other parts of the country, the schout-fiscaal, who, 
in discharge of his public functions, was bound by instructions received 
from the patroon and codirectors, similar in tenor to those given to the 
same officer at the Manhattans. No man in the colonie was to be sub- 
ject to loss of life or property unless by the sentence of a court composed 
of five persons, and all who were under accusation were entitled to a 
speedy and impartial trial. The public prosecutor was particularly 
enjoined not to receive presents or bribes, nor to be interested in trade or 
commerce, either directly or indirectly; and in order that he might be 
attentive to the performance of his duties, and thoroughly independent, 
he was secured a fixed salary, a free house, and all fines amounting to 
ten guilders [ $4 ], or under, besides the third part of all forfeitures and 
amends over that sum, were his perquisites. 

Jacob Albertsen Planck was the first sheriff of Rensselaerswyck. Ar- 
endt van Curler, who originally came out as assistant commissary, was 
appointed, soon after his arrival, commissary-general, or superintendent 
of the colonie, and acted as colonial secretary until 1642, when he was 
succeeded by Anthony de Hooges. Brant Peelen, Gerrit de Reus, Cor- 
nelis Teunissen van Breuckelen, Pieter Cornelissen van Munickendam, 
and Dirck Janssen were, if not the first, at least among the earliest 
magistrates of the settlement. 

The population of the colonie consisted at this remote period of three 
classes. Freemen, who emigrated from Holland at their own expense; 
farmers and farm-servants, who were sent out by the patroon, who judi- 
ciously applied his large resources in promoting the early settlement of the 
country, and in assisting the struggling industry of his people. To 
accomplish this laudable object, a number of farms were set off, on both 
sides of the river and adjoining islands, on which he caused dwelling- 
houses, barns, and stables to be erected. These farms were suitably 
stocked with cows, horses, or oxen, and occasionally, sheep; and fur- 
nished with ploughs, wagons, and other necessary agricultural imple- 
ments., ail which preliminary expenses were defrayed by the proprietor so 
that the farmer entered on the property unembarrassed by the want of capi- 
tal, which often tends to impede the progress of settlers in new countries. 
Some of those farms were then valued, and an annual rent was fixed, 
equivalent in some sort to the interest of the capital expended on their 
improvement, and payable semi-annually in grain, beavers, and wampum. 
Other farms were let out on halves, or for the third of their produce; the 



Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 191 

patroon was entitled, at the same time, to half the increase from the 
stock, reserved to himself one-tenth of the produce of each farm; and 
in various instances Stipulated for a yearly erkentenis, or acknowledge- 
ment, of a few pounds of butter. The tenant was privileged, however 
to compound, by the payment of a fixed annual sum for the tenths of 
the farm, or for his halves or thirds. He was bound, at the same time, 
to keep the fences, buildings, or farming- implements, in repair, and to 
deliver them up in the same good order in which he had received them, 
subject in all cases to ordinary wear and tear, but the patroon bore all 
risks of destruction of the buildings, cattle and other property which 
might accrue from war, or misunderstanding with the Indians. Wild 
or unimproved land was usually leased for a term of ten years free of 
rent or tenths, subject, however, to be improved by the lessee, all im- 
provements falling to the patioon on the expiration of the lease. In 
addition to the facilities above enumerated, each of the settlers, on "leav- 
ing Holland, were, like those sent by the West India Company to the 
Manhattans, generally furnished with clothing and a small sum in cash, 
the latter to be repaid, at some future occasion, in produce or wampum, 
with an advance on the principal of fifty per cent. This, however 
disproportionate it may now seem, can not be considered unreasonable or 
extravagant, when it is understood that the difference, at the time, 
between colonial and Holland currency was nearly forty per cent, while 
between the latter and the value of wampum it was vastly larger. The 
patroon was bound, at the same time, to supply his colonists with a 
sufficient number of laborers to assist them in the work of their farms. 
As compensation for his trouble in engaging these and for his advances 
in conveying them to America, he was entitled to the sum of sixteen 
guilders, or six dollars, per annum for each laborer, over and above the 
yearly wages which the farmer was to allow such servants, and which 
ranged from forty to one hundred and fifty guilders, and board. This 
sum provided these servants with necessary clothing, and in the course 
of time placed at their disposal wherewith to enter on a farm on their 
own account. It is to be remarked, however, that the first patroon 
seriously complained that his settlers not only threw altogether on him 
the payment of these wages, but took large quantities of goods from his 
store, for which they made no returns whatever, though they were 
bound to settle at the end of each year, and to hand in an account of the 
produce of the farm, distinguishing the patroon's tenths, halves, or thirds, 
the amount paid for wages, and their own expenses, so as to allow him 
to ascertain what his own profits and losses were at the close of each 
annual term. 

In return for his outlay and trouble, the civil code, which, it must be 
always borne in mind, was the fundamental law of this colonie, vested 
in the patroon several privileges common to the feudal system. At the 
close of the harvest, the farmer was bound to hand in a return of the 
amount of grain which he had for sale, after deducting what was due to 
the landlord by the lease, and offer to him or his commissary the pre- 
e'mption of such produce. In case he refused to buy it, then the farmer 
was at liberty to svll the same elsewhere. The like rule obtained in 
regard to cattle. When these were to be sold, the first offer was also t?$ 



192 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

be made to the patroon, in order, we presume, that he should have an 
opportunity of retaining the stock within the colonie. Every settler 
was, likewise, obligated to grind his corn at the ptttroon's mill, and the 
latter was equally obligated to erect, and keep such mill in repair, at 
his own expense, for the accommodation of his colonists. No person 
could hunt or fish within the limits of the colonie, without license 
from the patroon, who, on the exchange, sale, am! purchase of real 
estate within his jurisdiction, was entitled to the first offer of such prop- 
erty; or if he declined to resume it, to a certain portion of the purchase 
money, except such mutation occurred in the natural line of descent. 
Finally, it was his right, as " lord of the manor," to succeed to the 
estate and property of all persons who might die intestate within his 
colonie. 

Under the fostering care of its first patroon, and the prudent manage- 
ment of its local magistracy, the colonie of Rensselaerswyck progress- 
ively, though slowly, advanced. Portions of its inhabitants occasionally 
returned to Fatherland, to spread the tidings of their prosperity, and to 
invite their friends and relatives to join them in their new homes, which 
from the abundance and cheapness of provisions, deserved truly to be 
called " a land flowing with milk and honey. " A hamlet gradually 
arose. On account, it is said, of the crescent form of the bank of the 
river at this point, this hamlet was first called the Fuyck, or Beversfuyck, 
and afterwards Beverswyck, by which name the present city of Albany 
was legally known until 1664, though it was familiarly called the Fuyck, 
by the Dutch, for many years after the entire country had passed into 
the hands of other masters. 

In order to give greater stability to his settlement, and to become 
better acquainted with its condition, Mr. Van Rensselaer, it is alleged, 
visited the colonie in person in 1637. His stay in the country, if he ever 
did come, was, however, not very long. The demise or resignation of 
Sheriff Planck now required the appointment of a new officer, and the 
peculiar position of the settlers, surrounded on all sides by rude and 
unconverted savages, demanded the guardian supervision and solacing 
comforts of religion, for as yet neither church nor clergymen existed in 
Rensselaerswyck. To secure an efficient administration ot justice, and 
to provide a properly qualified clergyman for his people, consequently 
became a paramount duty. 

Adriaen van der Donck, "a free citizen of Breda," a lineal descendant 
of Adriaen van Bergen, part owner of the famous turf-sloop in which a 
party of Dutch troops were clandestinely introduced, in the year 1590, 
into the castle commanding that city, then in the hands of the Spanish, 
by which stratagem that stronghold fell into the hands of their High 
Mightinesses the States General, and a graduate of the University of 
Leyden, was selected as the successor of Sheriff Planck. He entered on 
the performance of his duties, as schout-fiscaal of Rensselaerswyck, in 
the course of a month or two after his appointment, having, previous to 
his departure from Holland, taken a lease from the patroon of the west 
half of Castle island, called Welysburg. 

The Rev. Johannes Megapolensis, ' ' the pious and well-learned minis- 
ter of the congregation of Schoorel and Berge," under the dassis of Alk- 



Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 103 

maer, was duly called to disseminate the light of the gospel among the 
Christians and heathen in the colonie, and regularly commissioned " to 
preach God's word there ; to administer the holy sacraments of baptism 
and the Lord's supper; to set an example, in a Christian-like manner, 
by public precept-, to ordain elders and deacons; to keep and govern, by 
and with the advice and assistance of the same, God's congregation in 
good discipline and order, all according to God's holy word, and in 
conformity with the government, confession, and catechism of the 
Netherland churches, and the synodal acts of Dordrecht." 

The allowance guarantied to this clergyman was free passage and 
board for himself, his wife and four children, who accompanied him to 
New Netherland; an outfit of three hundred guilders, or one hundred 
and twenty dollars, and an annual stipend, for the first three years, of 
eleven hundred guilders, ($440,) thirty schepels of wheat, and two firkins 
of butter, or in place thereof, should he prefer it, sixty guilders in cash. 
This salary was to be further increased by an addition of two hundred 
guilders a year,, for a second term of three years, if the patroon were, 
satisfied with his services. A pension of one hundred guilders per an- 
num was secured to his wife, in case of his demise within the above 
term, for and during whatever time might remain unexpired of his 
engagement. 

These preliminaries having been thus arranged, an obstacle was 
unexpectedly thrown in the way of Mr. Mcgapolensis's departure by the 
directors of the West India Company, who claimed the exclusive right 
to approve of his appointment. To this, however, the feudal lord of 
Rensselaerswyck demurred; and it was not until after a lapse of several 
months that a compromise was agreed to, the directors approving of the 
appointment under protest on the part of Mr. Van Rensselaer, saving 
his rights as patroon. 

The Rev. Mr. Megapolensis and family embarked, together with 
Abraham Staes, surgeon, Evert Pels, brewer, and a number of other 
freemen, farmers, and farm-servants, shortly after this, in the ship the 
Houttuyn, or Woodyard, which was freighted with a quantity of goods 
for the colonie between two and three hundred bushels of malt for 
Mr. Pels four thousand tiles, and thirty thousand stone for building 
besides some vines and madder, the cultivation of which the patroon 
was desirous of introducing among his people.* On the arrival of 
Mr. Megapolensis at Rensselaerswyck, a contract was concluded for the 
erection of a dwelling for himself and family, but the contractor having 
failed in fulfilling his agreement, a house belonging to Maryn Adriaensen, 
constructed entirely of oak, was subsequently purchased for his use, for 
the sum of three hundred guilders, or one hundred and twenty dollars. 
For the convenience of the settlers at Tuscameatick,(as Greenbush, at 
the opposite side of the river, was called by the Indians,) a ferry was 
next established near the foot of the Beaver's kill, (where it still continues 

' *Mr. Pels erected a brewery in the colonie ; Dr. Rlaes became one of the council in 
1643, am) was appointed president of tlie board in 1644, at a salary of 100 florins ($40) 
per annum He obtained license to trade in furs, and had al>o a considerable bouwerie, 
besides pursuing the practice of his profession. He was the ancestor of the Staats of 
the present day, the original name having assumed shortly afterwards the termination 
it now has. 



194 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

to ply,) and as it was the patroon's intention that the church, the min- 
ister's dwelling, the attorney-geueral's residence, and the honses for the 
trades-people and mechanics, should be erected in one vicinity, so as to 
constitute a kerckbuurte, or settlement around the church, orders were 
transmitted that no persons (farmers and tobacco planters excepted) 
should, for the future, establish themselves, after the expiration of their 
term of service, elsewhere than in the vicinity of the church, and accord- 
ing to the plan now sent out by the Houttuvn; for, it was justly 
observed, "if every one resides where he thinks fit, separated far from 
other settlers, they, should trouble occur, would be unfortunately in 
danger of their lives, as sorrowful experience hath demonstrated around 
the "Manhattans." A church, thirty-four feet long, and nineteen feet 
wide the first in this quarter was erected in the course of the follow- 
ing year. Though humble in its dimensions, when compared with 
modern edifices of a similar sacred character, it was considered, at this 
time, sufficiently ample for the accommodation of the faithful, u for the 
next three or four years, after which it might be converted into a school- 
house, or a dwelling for the sexton." A pulpit, ornamented with a 
canopy, was soon added for the preacher, as well as pews for the magis- 
trates and for the deacons, and " nine benches" for the congregation. 
The expense of all this necessary furniture amounted to the sum of 
thirty-two dollars. While providing accommodation for the living the 
dead were not forgotten. The church-yard lay in the rear, or to the 
west, of the patroon's trading-house in what is now very [correctly 
called Church street: and in order "to be safe from the ravages of the 
Indians," the infant hamlet, living and dead, nestled close under the guns 
of Fort Orange. 

One of the principal aims of the first founders of Rensselaerswyck 
seems to have been to secure for themselves the valuable trade in furs, 
the chief mart for which centered at the point where they made their 
purchase and commenced their settlement. To engross this the more 
effectually, all foreign and unlicensed traders were rigidly excluded from 
the colonie. The palroon and his partners were the only privileged 
importers of European merchandise, the company having, in conse- 
quence of the war and other causes, ceased to keep Fort Orange supplied 
with foreign goods. All settlers were bound under oath not to purchase 
any peltries from the Indians, on pain of forfeiting their goods and wa- 
ges, unless duly licensed to carry on such trade, for such a privilege was 
exclusively vested in the patroon by the sixth article of the charter. 
The majority of the settlers subsequently obtained such permission ; 
received goods on credit from the patroon's store, and every farmer, as 
De Vries observes, become a trader. They were, however, obliged to 
bring in all the furs which they purchased to the patroon's magazine, to 
be sent over to Holland to him, he retaining, as his share, half the profits. 
This condition was afterwards modified so far as to allow him to retain 
only the sixth beaver, and one guilder recognition, or duty, on each of 
the remaining five-sixths. This system soon produced results which 
were naturally to be expected. Competition raised the price of peltries 
nearly one hundred per cent. Prior to 1642 the price of a merchantable 
beaver, which averaged about an ell square, was six hands, or fathoms, 



Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 195 

of wampum. In the course of that year the article commanded from 
seven to seven and a half 5 but when the traders found that the agents of 
the patroon, as well as the officers at Fort Orange, did not refuse paying 
that price, they immediately offered nine ; and in the following year 
advanced the rate to ten fathoms of white wampum for each skin. A 
joint proclamation was hereupon issued by the authorities of Rensselaers- 
wyck, and those of the Fort, fixing the price of furs at nine fathoms of 
white, or four and a half of black wampum, and forbidding all persons 
whatsoever, whether.servants of the company or residents in the colonie, 
from going into the woods to trade in advance with the Indians, on pain 
of seizure of all their goods. Another proclamation was also issued, 
prohibiting all traders to come with their sloops within the limits of the 
colonie under the penalty of forfeiting the same. And on the following 
court-day a third proclamation followed, for the better securing the mo- 
nopoly of the import trade to the patroon, by which the inhabitants of 
the colonie were absolutely forbidden purchasing any goods from the 
local traders. Orders were given at the same time to Sheriff Van der 
Donck to enforce these regulations with strictness and severity. 

This functionary, between whom and Van Curler, and the other officers 
of the colonie, considerable jealousy and ill feeling already existed, had 
no desire to render himself unpopular with the colonists. "He should 
not" he said, "make himself the worst man in the colonie, nor be sus- 
pected by the colonists, for his term as officer was but short." He 
therefore not only refused to enforce these regulations, but when, a few 
days afterwards, the colonists, contrary to the prohibitions of the court, 
did purchase duffels and sundry other goods which had been surrepti- 
tiously introduced, he connived at their proceedings, and either told the 
suspected parties to put their goods out of his sight, or neglected entire- 
ly to execute his duty, or to make any seizures. Not content with 
this disobedience of orders, he proceeded, next, secretly to foment feelings 
of discontent and mutiny among the people, before whom he placed the 
abovementioned placards in a most odious light, and whom he persuaded 
into the belief that Van Curler was endeavoring " to steal the bread out 
of their mouths." His representations had eventually such an effect on 
the puplic mind, that a conspiracy was formed against the commissary- 
general among several of the colonists, who drew up a strong protest 




nounced Van Curler in the most vehement terms. Some proposed driving 
him from the colonie as a rogue; others, more vindictive and turbulent, 
insisted on taking his life. These threats, fortunately for the character 
of the settlers, were not followed up by any overt act. Van der Donck 
professed, all the while, an honest desire to second the wishes of the 
constituted authorities. But when the time for testing his sincerity 
arrived, he was found wanting in the fulfilment of his promise. 

It became apparent now from the ill-feeling which existed between 
Sheriff van der Donck and the other functionaries in the colonie, and 
which had already caused in two instances an exchange of blows, that 

18 



196 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

the former could not comfortably prolong his stay in Rensselaerswyck, 
or hold his office, very agreeably, much longer. He determined, indeed, 
to return to Holland in the course of the next year, as he was desirous 
to become a patroon himself, with which view he proceeded, with several 
colonists, to Katskill, to purchase the lands there from the Indians, for 
the erection of an independent colonie. But the moment the patroon 
of Rensselaerswyck received intelligence of this "dishonest," move on 
the part of "his sworn officer," he immediately forwarded instructions 
to Van Curler, couched in the following stringent terms : 

"The Patroon of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck having, on the sixth 
of this month, given a Commission toPieter Wyncoop, commis. onboard 
his ship, to purchase for a reasonable price from the natural owners and 
inhabitants, and from their chiefs, their lands lying about Katskill, in 
consequence of certain information which he had that Adriaen van der 
Donck, his sworn officer, dishonestly designed to purchase for him and 
his, to the prejudice of him, the patroon, his lord and master, the said 
lands, lying under the shadow of his colonie. Therefore he, by virtue 
of the sixth and twenty-sixth articles of his freedoms and exemptions^ 
doth claim that no person shall, against his will, approach within seven 
or eight miles of him ; also, that he hath power to enlarge his colonie, 
on condition of planting a proportionate number of colonists there, which 
number was, even by this vessel, so increased that he hath already in- 
cluded the same, from Ransselaers-Stein down to Katskill, remaining on 
the same side, within his resort. And, further, having obtained certain 
information that such is, indeed, also true, the commissary-general, 
Arendt van Curler, together with the aforesaid Pieter Wyncoop, are charg- 
ed not to inquire of the above-named Van der Donck if it be true, (inasmuch 
as the patroon hath by him sufficient proof thereof, ) but him to constrain, 
should he have done so, to desist, de facto, therefrom, and to cede and 
to make over to him, the patroon, all whatsoever he hath acquired, con- 
formably to his oath, having sworn to be true and faithful specially to 
him, his injury to prevent and his advantage to promote, both which in 
this matter have not happened ; and in case the said purchase be not yet 
effected, that he, in presence of the commissaries and council of the co- 
lonie, do promise, under oath, not to proceed therewith, but to respect 
him the patroon, and to afford to his (agents) all favor and help, that 
they may be allowed to make the aforesaid purchase to the best advan- 
tage ; and should he refuse the one, or the other, to secure his person, 
inasmuch as he also endeavored, per fas et nefas, (met minne ofte on- 
minne.) to return home in case the patroon should not consent to dis- 
charge him , and inasmuch as the lease of his bouwerie, which he hath 
taken and agreed for in person with the patroon, hath still long to run, 
which he can not set aside without consent, but shall be bound to keep 
during that time. And in witness of the truth hath the Patroon subscri- 
bed these with his hand, and sealed them with his and the colonie'sseal, 
in Amsterdam, this 10th September, 1643 

KJLIAEN VAN RENSSELAER, 

[Seal] "Patroon of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck: 

''In case Van der Donck should prove obstinate, he shall be degraded 






Colony of Remselaerswyck. 197 

from his office, and left on his bouwerie to complete his contracted lease, 
without allowing him to depart, and his office shall be conferred, provi- 
sionally, on Nicolaus Coorn, till further orders, divesting him of all pa- 
pers appertaining to his charge. But if he will desist, then his office, 
and his bouwerie, shall he be allowed to hold. Actum as above. 
"KILIA.EN VAN RBNSSKLAER, 

"in quality as herein above stated." 

This order, which had the effect of arresting Vander Donck's intended 
colonie at Katskill, was conveyed to New Netherland by the patroon's 
ship, The Arms of Rensselaerswyck, which was dispatched with an 
assorted invoice of merchandise, consisting of woollen, linen, and cotton 
goods, ready-made clothing, silks, glass, crockery, leather, fruit, cheese, 
spices, brandy, gin, wines, cordials, tobacco-pipes, nets, looking glasses, 
beads, axes, adzes, razors, knives, scissors, bells, nails, spoons, kettles, 
thimbles, pins, needles, threads, rings, shoes, stockings, gloves, combs, 
buttons, muskets, pistols, swords, shot, lead, canvass, pitch and tar, 
candles, stationery, and various other commodities, valued at twelve 
thousand eight hundred and seventy guilders, to be bartered with the In- 
dians and other inhabitants of the country for tobacco, furs, and other 
produce. To ensure entire success for this venture, the skipper, super- 
cargo, and pilot of the ship were allowed a direct pecuniary interest in 
the proceeds of the voyage. 

The system of licenses introduced by the patroon, and the profits which 
resulted, had already incited a number of private individuals to embark 
in the fur-trade. As a consequence, this staple was altogether taken out 
of the hands both of the patroon's and the company's servants, who could 
purchase scarcely a skin, while private traders exported thousands of 
peltries. A number of unlicensed traders now resorted to the colonie, 
who drew the Indians away into "secret trading places," where, by means 
of higher prices, they got possession of the most valuable furs, "not 
caring whether or not the trade was so injured as to render the patroon 
unable to meet the expenses of his colonie." Having thus "debauched" 
the savages, these interlopers succeeded next, by means of "wine and 
strong drink, which they sold at an usurious rate," in "perverting" many 
of the colonists, from whom they got, not only peltries, but even large 
quantities of grain, which the farmers disposed of without either respect- 
ing the Patoon's pre-emption right, or paying the tenths, or accounting 
for the halves or thirds which they were bound by lease to pay. 

To arrest these illicit proceedings, the patroon adopted two measures 
which would, he expected, put a stop to the injuries which his interests 
were sustaining from the competition that was then exhausting and im- 
poverishing his colonie. One of these was the erection of a fortified post 
and trading. house at Beeren, or Bear's Island, the southern boundary of 
his estate, which, by commanding the channel of the river, would ex- 
clude all vessels, but his own and those of the West India Company, from 
the upper waters of the Hudson. The other was, to send out a stock of 
goods sufficient to supply, through his establishments at Beverswyckand 
Beeren Island, the Mohawks and river Indians, and all the neighboring 
settlers, with whatever they may require in barter for their produce, 



198 Colony of Rensselaersicyck. 

whether furs or corn. It was with a view to carry out the latter part 
of this project, that the Arms of Rensselaerswyck now sailed with 
the ahove-mentioned valuable cargo. 

She arrived at the Manhattans while the war with the Indians was at 
its height, and at the moment when Kieft was sorely distressed for clo- 
thing for the troops which he had enlisted. A requisition was imme- 
diately made on Pieter Wyncoop, the supercargo of the ship, for a supply 
of fifty pairs of shoes to he distributed among the soldiers, payment for 
which was offered u in silver, beavers, or wampum," at such price as the 
supercargo might demand. But Wyncoop, perceiving that he could sell 
these goods to more advantage to the inhabitants than to the director, 
injudiciously refused to comply with this requisition. A forced levy was 
the result, and as many soldiers were equipped with shoes from the ship, 
as u killed five hundred of the enemy." The evil consequences of Wyn- 
coop's refusal did not stop here. The ship was immediately overhauled 
by authority of the director and council, and a considerable quantity of 
powder and a number of guns found on board, which were not enumerated 
in the manifest, and which Wyncoop was charged with intending to sell 
to the savages. These articles having been made contraband by law, 
and their introduction forbidden on pain of death, were, together with 
the ship, forthwith confiscated. 

Wyncoop now too late, perceived the error into which either his in- 
structions or his covetousness had plunged him. In the hope, however, 
of retrieving his loss, he instituted an action against Cornells Van der 
Huygens, the Fiscaal at Fort Amsterdam, against whom he protested, 
in strong terms, for having unloaded his ship, which proceeding he pro- 
nounced an insult, a reproach, and a wrong inflicted on the honorable 
patroon, "the first and oldest patriot of the land," and for which aggres- 
sion he now demanded redress from the director-general and council. It 
was much fitter for the fiscal, he added, to discharge and to confiscate 
such ships as came and traded hither without any commission, and there- 
by brought contempt on the country and its government, than to affront 
a patroon who hazarded so much for his colonists and New Netherland, 
He finally maintained that the powder which he had on board was for the 
ship's use, and for the defence of Rensselaers-Stein, or Castle Rensse- 
laer, as the fortification on Beeren Island was called. This plea profited 
nothing. The powder was not mentioned in the manifest, and the ex- 
planation which was offered was merely used as u a cloak" to cover the 
real design. "It is far from us," concluded the attorney-general," to 
insult the patroon. On the contrary, we are willing to aid him in pro- 
moting the welfare of his colonie. But it is you who are endeavoring to 
frustrate his noble plans, by associating exclusively with private traders, 
and striving to take them with you to the colonie in direct opposition to 
the commands of the patroon, who hath sent out this ship to keep free 
traders from that place. If your conduct is just, free merchants cannot 
be prevented trading thither, and they will be justified in so doing. I 
deny that any damage whatever has been done. Are you of a contrary 
opinion? Cite me before any court of justice, whenever you please." 



Colony of Rensselaerswyck, 199 

Arendt van Curler, finding that no satisfactory issue was to be ex- 
pected from this litigation, finally proposed that the ship should be re- 
leased, and the whole case referred to the Directors in Holland for their 
decision. As the vessel was suffering considerable injury from detention, 
this proposal was acceded to, "so that the patroon should have no reason 
to complain-," on the express condition, however, that no goods should 
be landed from the vessel until permission was obtained from the com- 
pany, and that such articles as were already seized by the attorney-gene- 
ral should remain confiscated, as they had not been included in the invoice. 
The vessel sailed soon after for Holland, whither Van Curler also pro- 
ceeded to give an account of his stewardship. 

In the mean time Nicolaus Coorn, "Wacht Meester," or commander 
in the service of the patroon, had completed his fort on Beeren Island. 
on which he mounted a number of cannon, sufficient not only for its de- 
fence, but for the complete command of the river. A claim to "staple 
right" was then boldly set up ; a toll of five guilders, or two dollars, 
imposed on every trading-craft passing up or down, which were also 
obliged to lower their colors in honor of Rensselaers-Stein. And thus a 
sovereign jurisdiction was asserted over this navigable highway against 
all persons, save and except the servants of the West India Company. 

It was in the summer of 1644, that the yacht the Good Hope, of which 
Govert Lookermans was master, sailed from Fort Orange for New Am- 
sterdam. Passing Beeren Island, the craft was hailed, and peremptorily 
ordered "to lower bis colors." On being asked for whom, the commander 
replied, "For the staple right of Rensselaerswyck." But the skipper re- 
fused, with an oath, to strike his flag "for any individual save the Prince 
of Orange and the Lords his masters-," whereupon Coorn fired several 
shots at the vessel, one of which, says the record, "perforated our 
princely flag," about a foot above the head of the skipper, "who kept 
the colors constantly in his hand." 

Such an outrage as this could not fail to create excitement at New Am- 
sterdam, when the particulars became known. Philip de Truy, "marshal 
of New Netherland," summoned Coorn to appear immediately at the Fort 
to answer for his conduct. The latter pleaded the authority of his pa- 
troon. But this was considered no justification. He was condemned in 
damages, and forbidden to repeat the offence on pain of corporal punish- 
ment. He was further required to obtain Van Rensselaer's approval of 
the sentence, which should be executed on him without fail, if that ap- 
proval were not forthcoming. This proceeding was followed soon after 
by a strong protest from attorney-general Van der Huygens, against the 
establishment on Beeren Island, which was declared to be inconsistent 
with the privileges granted to patroons and lords of manors. No patroon, 
it was maintained, could extend his colony, by the fifth article of the 
charter, more than four miles along one bank, or two miles on both sides 
of the river, while Beeren Island was more than two miles from the lim- 
its of the colonie. The bold attempt to construct a fort there, to com- 
mand the river, and to debar Fort Orange from free navigation, would, 
it was added, be ruinous to the company, it was therefore peremptorily 
ordered that no building whatsoever, much less a fortification, should be 



200 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

constructed beyond the limits of Rensselaerswyck, and Coorn was formally 
threatened with further prosecution should he persist in his lawless trans- 
actions. 

But Nicolaus Coorn, commander of Rensselaers-Stein, was not to be 
intimidated by the paper bullets of director Kieft's attorney-general. 
"As the vice commander of the honorable Van Rensselaer,he replied, .*-' I 
call on you, Cornells van der Huygens, attorney-general of New Netherland, 
not to presume to oppose and frustrate my designs on Bears Island: to de- 
fraud me in any manner, or to cause me any trouble, as it has been the will 
of their High Mightinesses, the States General, and the privileged West 
India Company, to invest my patroon and his heir with the right to ex- 
tend and fortify his colonie, and make it powerful in every respect. . . 
If you persist in so doing 1 protest against the act of vio- 
lence and assault committed by the honorable, Lords majors, which I 
leave them to settle, while this undertaking has nothing else in view 
than to prevent the canker of free traders entering his colonie. 

In the spirit in which this protest was drafted, were the feudal pre- 
tensions of the lord of Rensselaerswyck asserted and maintained, not- 
withstanding the conviction of Coorn and the warning of Van der Huy- 
gens, during the remainder of the patroon's life. The same policy was 
steadily continued by his executors for several years after his death, 
which event took place in Amsterdam, in the year 1646. 

With the demise of the first patroon terminated, also, Van der Donck's 
connection with the colonie. He was succeeded in his office of fiscaal 
by Nicolaus Coorn. He did not, however, quit Rensselaerswyck before 
experiencing a heavy loss in the destruction of his house on Castle Island 
by fire, in consequence of which he and his wife temporarily removed to 
Van Curler's residence, the hospitalities of which were generously offered 
to him by its proprietor. Differences of opinion now arose between him 
and Van Curler, as to the party on whom the loss of the house should 
fall; one maintaining that the property was at the risk of the patroon ; 
the other, of the lessee. A quarrel ensued. Van der Donck gave Van 
Curler the lie, whereupon the latter ordered him out of his house. Van 
der Donck removed immediately to Fort Orange, where he remained 
until the opening of the navigation, when he proceeded to the Manhat- 
tans. In the mean time, his claims were referred for adjustment to the 
proprietors in Holland. 

The winter which had just terminated, was remarkably long and se- 
vere. The North River closed at Rensselaerswyck on the 25th Novem- 
ber, and remained fro/en some four months. A very high freshet, une- 
qualled since 1639, followed, which destroyed a number of horses in their 
stables; nearly carried away the fort, and inflicted considerable other 
damage in the colome. "A certain fish of considerable size, snow-white 
in color, round in the body, and blowing water out of its head," made at 
the same time his appearance, stemming the impetuous flood. What it 
portended, "God the Lord only knew." All the inhabitants were lost in 
wonder, for "at the same instant that this fish appeared to us, we had 
the first thunder and lightning this year." The public astonishment 
had scarcely subsided, when another monster of the deep, estimated at 






Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 201 

forty feet in length, was seen, of a brown color, having fins on his back, 
and ejecting water in like manner, high in the air. Some seafaring 
people, "who had been to Greenland," now pronounced the strange visiter 
a whale. Intelligence was shortly after received that it had grounded on 
an island at the mouth of the Mohawk, and the people turned out in 
numbers to secure the prize, which was, forthwith, subjected to the pro- 
cess of roasting, in order to extract its oil. Though large quantities were 
obtained, yet so great was the mass of blubber, the river was covered 
with grease for three weeks afterwards, and the air infected to such a 
degree with the stench, as the fish lay rotting on the strand, that the 
smell was perceptibly offensive for two (Dutch) miles to leeward. The 
whale, which had first ascended the river, stranded, on its return to sea, 
on an island some forty miles from the mouth of the river, near which 
place four others grounded, also, this year. 

The greater number of the houses around forts Amsterdam and Orange 
were, in those days, low-sized wooden buildings, with roofs of reed or 
straw, and chimneys of wood. Wind or water mills were erected, here 
and there, to grind corn, or to saw lumber. One of the latter, situate 
on Nut or Governor's islanJ, was leased in 1639 for five hundred mer- 
chantable boards yearly, half oak and half pine. Saw and grist mills 
were built on several of the creeks in the colonie of Rensselaerswyck, 
where a horse mill was also erected in 104(3, of which the following is a Con- 
tract, dated Jan. 31 u The mill situate on the fifth kill being, to the great 
damage of the patroon. and inhabitants of the colonie, [Rensselaerswyck,] 
for a considerable time out of repair, or unfit to be worked, either by the 
breaking of the dam, the severity of the winter, or the high water, or 
otherwise; besides being out of the way, to the prejudice of the inhabi- 
tants in going and returning, a contract, af;er being duly pioposed to 
the court, is, therefore, made with Pieter Cornelissen to build a horse- 
mill in the Pine grove, whereby not only the colonie, but also, if so be, 
the navigators who come hither, maybe encouraged to provide themselves 
with other things. Pieter Cornelisz. shall complete the work for fl. 300, 
($ 120.) I furnishing him fl. 200 in stones, two good horses, the expense 
of which is to be divided between us, half and half. The standing work, 
plank, labor, and other expenses, we shall defray in common, bearing, 
each, equal profit and loss. On the completion of the mill, and on its 
being ready to go, Pieter Cornelissen shall work one day for himself and 
the other day for the patroon, and so forth; the patroon paying him one 
Rix dollar for his day. Should it happen, as we expect, that so great 
a demand shall arise, so that the mill will not supply all the colonie or 
strangers, (buytenwoonders,) then P. Cornelisz. is alone authorized and 
privileged to erect, in company with the patroon, another such mill, on 
These or such other conditions as are now, or shall hereafter be agreed on. 
Signed, ANTHONY BE HOOGKS, PTETER CORNELISSEN," Rensselaers- 
wyck MSS.) A mill worked by horses stood, in the course of the last cen- 
tury, as I am informed by an aged citizen, on the lot forming the northeast 
corner of Hudson and Grand streets, Albany. There was a mill also on 
the 3d or Rutten kill, in 1G4G. 



202 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 

A Brewery had been constructed previous to 1637, in the same quarter, 
by the patroon, with the exclusive right of supplying retail-dealers with 
beer. But private individuals were allowed the privilege, notwith- 
standing, to brew whatever quantity of beer they might require for con- 
surrption within their own families.* 

Rensselaerswyck was the only colonie which remained uninjured 
by the war. As a consequence its population generally prospered, and 
sundry farms were taken up, Beverswyck continued, however, in swad- 
ding clothes, for the city which in 1845 holds over forty thousand in- 
habitants, contained in 1646 no more than ten houses. Several farmers 
had at an early date begun another settlement south of Beverswyck, to 
which they gave the name of Bethlehem. A few bouweries were also 
cultivated on the east side of the river opposite Fort Orange. Katskill 
and its fertile bottoms had engaged at an early date the attention of the 
settlers at Rensselaerswyck, but the pretensions of opposite parties pre- 
Vented any planting of consequence in that quarter, and Van Slyck, who 
had received a patent for lands there, had as yet made no commencement. 
The country between Rensselaerswyck and the Manhattans, on both sides 
of the river, still remained a wilderness. It is true that the Dutch had 
built a fort at Esopus, in the year 1614, contemporaneously with the 
erection of their post on Castle island. This possibly might have been 
followed by the clearing of some small portions of land in that vicinity, 
but it is very doubtful whether any such settlements survived the destruc- 
tive war of 1644-5. 

Such was the state of the public affairs when General PETETIS STTJY- 
VESANT assumed the government of New Netherland, 

* 26 Dec. 1646 Whereas their Honors of the Couit of this Colonie find that Cornells 
Segersz. notwithstanding former placards and prohibitions, has still presumed to meddle 
with what is not his business with beer brewing directly contrary to the grant and au, 
therizaiimi given to ihe brewery of this colonie ; Theref re their honors expressly forbid 
the said Cornelia Segersz. to brew, or cause to be brewed, or o'herwise to manufacture 
any beer, except so much as shall be required by him for his own housekeeping, on 
pain of forfeiting twenty five Carolus guilders, besides tie brewed beer. The said Cornell* 
Segrrsz, is further warned that no cloak, or idle excuse shall hereafter avail, but that 
this ordinance shall be maintained and execuied on the spot, without court process, if 
he shall make any mistake. Let him, therefore, prevent his loss. Actum Rensselaers, 
wyck. 26th October 1640. Pursuant to the resolution of their honors the magistrates of 
this colonie. A. DB HOOQES, 



Kiliaen Van Rensselaer. 203 



KILIAEN VAN RENSSELAER, 

Merchant of Amsterdam, director of the West India Company, and 
one of the first patroons of New Netherland, was the thirteenth descendant 
in a direct line from Henry Wolters van Rensselaer. He married, firstly, 
Hellegonda van Bylet, by whom he had one son. Johannes, who after- 
wards married his cousin, Elizabeth van TwiJler. Kiliaen van Renssel- 
aer married, secondly, in 1627, Anna van Wely, daughter of Joannes van 
Wely, merchant of Amsterdam, by whom he had four daughters and four 
sons, namely: 1, Maria; 2, Jeremias, (who married Maria, daughter of 
Oloff Stevensen van Cortland;) 3, Hellegonda; 4, Jan Baptiste, (who 
married Susan van Wely;) 5, Eleonora; 6, Susan, (who married Jan de 
la Court;) 7, Nicolaus, (who married Alida Schuyler;) 8, Rickert, (who 
married Anna van Beaumont;) Kiliaen van Rensselaer's sister (Maria) 
married Rykert van Twiller, and thus, it is presumed, the relationship 
originated between Wouter van Twiller, second director-general of New 
Netherland, and the first patroon of Rensselaerswyck. Of the above 
children, Maria and Hellegonda died unmarried. Johannes succeeded 
his father as patroon, and Jeremias, Jan Baptiste and Ryckert were, in 
succession, directors of "the colonie." Nicolaus was a clergyman of the 
Dutch Reformed Church. On being introduced to Charles II., then in 
exile at Brussels, he prophesied the restoration 'of that monarch to the 
throne of England, which circumstance obtained for him afterwards a 
cordial reception at the Court of St. James, when he visited London as 
chaplain to the Dutch embassy. In acknowledgment of the truth of the 
prediction, the king presented him with a snufF-box, on the lid of which 
was set his Majesty's miniature. This royal relic is still in the possession 
of the Van Rensselaer family at Albany. 

Mde. Anna van Rensselaer died in Amsterdam on the 12th June, 1670, 
after a sickness of seven weeks, having survived her husband twenty- 
four years. Intelligence of her death, communicated by the following 
letter, was received in this country by her sons, Jeremias and Ryckert, 
on the 18th Sept., 1670: 

"AMSTERDAM, 12th June, 1670. 

"Dear Brothers On the 9th inst. I communicated to you, among other 
things, per ship Duke of York, Johannes Luyck, skipper, the low con- 
dition of our beloved mother, who accompanied me home, sick, from Cralo 
to Amsterdam, on the 1st of April. After lying so long, without any 
strong fever, or any great pain, troubled only with asthma, accompanied 
by considerable cough and phlegm, and the sprue, she took her departure 
with great piety from the Church Militant here, to the Church Triumphant 
above, on the 12th inst., being this day, about one hour after noon, in 
the presence of all our sisters and brothers who are in this country, and 
that with a full understanding and trust in the mercy of God, the merits 
of her and our Saviour Jesus Christ, which, through the grace of the 
Holy Ghost and the belief in the Triune God, so strenghtened her, that 
all her wishes were to be set free and to be with Christ, who hath taken 
her so mercifully to himself, that we all, though afflicted children, 



204 Executors of Jeremias Van Rensselaer. 

can not be sufficiently thankful to God for so gentle and holy a death. Her 
body will be committed to the earth in a Christian manner, as in duty 
bound, on Tuesday next, being the 17th inst. There is no doubt of a 
stately funeral. May the good God grant her, and us with her, a joyous 
resurrection at the last day. Amen." O'Callgharfs Histr. N. Netherland, 



EXECUTORS OF JEREMIAS VAN RENSSELAER. 
On the death of Jeremias van Rensselaer, in 1675, the affairs of the 
colonie of Rensselaerswyck were administered conjointly, during the 
minority of Kiliaeri van Rensselaer, (then twelve years old,) by the Rev. 
Nicolaus van Rensselaer, Mde. Maria van Rensselaer, and Stephanus 
van Cortlandt. Nicolaus had the directorship of the colonie 5 Mde,, van 
Rensselaer was the treasurer; and Stephanus van Cortlandt had the charge 
of the books. Four hundred schepels of wheat were appropriated to defray 
the yearly expenses of this administration, of which Dom. Nicolaus 
(who then officiated as second clergyman in Albany) received one half. 
The remainder was divided between Mde. van Rensselaer and her brother. 
Dom. Nicolaus dying in 1679, the chief management of the minor's 
affairs devolved on his mother and uncle. O'Callaghan. 



SENTENCE OF BANISHMENT, 1644. 

The following is a translation of a sentence of banishment pronounced on 
one of the colonists at this early period of its history. "By the President 
and Council of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. Having heard the free 
confession of Adriaen Willemsen, at present in confinement, to wit: 
That he on Saturday last, the 6th of Aug., at the house of the Patroon, 
where the Commissary-general, Arendt van Curler, resides, climbing in 
through the window of said house, stole seven beavers, and at noon of the 
following Monday, eight beavers and one drieling, [third of a skin], also, 
that on Saturday aforesaid he had stolen from the cellar of the said house 
a half [skin] which remained. And having, moreover, examined the de- 
mand of the prosecutor against the aforesaid delinquent, observing what 
appertains thereto; We have hereby ordered and adjudged, and do order 
and adjudge, that the said delinquent shall be taken to the public place 
where justice is executed, and there be ignominiously tied to a post for 
the space of two hours, with some of the stolen property on his head; 
after which he shall prostrate himself at the feet of the Worshipful Ma- 
gistrates, (de Edele Heeren van den Gerechte.) and beg of God and justice 
tor forgiveness; that he, moreover, shall be henceforward, and forever, 
banished out of this colonie, and never more return thereto. Done in 
Collegio, this 13th day of August, anno 1644. By order of their worships 
the President and Council of this Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. ARENDT 
VAN CviUB.* 1 O'Callaghan's Histr. N. Netherland, t, 320. 



Arent Van Curler. 205 



ARENT VAN CURLER. 

Arent van Curler was one of those characters who deserve to live in 
history. His influence among the Indians was unlimited, and in honor 
of his memory, these tribes addressed all succeeding governors of New 
York by the name of Corlaer. He possessed feelings of the purest 
humanity, and actively exerted his influence in rescuing from the savages 
such Christians as had the misfortune to fall into their hands, of whose 
danger he might receive timely notice. On his marriage with Antonia 
Slaghboom, the widow of Jonas Bronck, he visited Holland, and on his 
return moved to the Flatts above Albany, where he had a farm. He was 
proprietor of a brewery in Beverwyck, in 1661. Being a cousin of the 
Van Rensselaers, he had considerable influence in the colonie, where he 
was a magistrate to the time of his decease. He was one of the leaders 
in the settlement of Schenectady in 1661 -2-, and on the surrender of New 
Netherland, was specially sent for by Governor Nicoll, to be consulted 
on Indian affairs and the interests of the country generally. He was 
highly respected by the governors of Canada, and the regard entertained 
for him by M. de Tracy, viceroy of that country, will be best judged of 
by the following extract of a letter which that high personage addressed 
him, dated Quebec, 30th April, 1667: 

"If you find it agreeable to come hither this summer, as you have 
caused me to hope, you will be most welcome, and entertained to the 
utmost of my ability, as I have a great esteem for you, though I have 
not a personal acquaintance with you. Believe this truth, and that lam, 
sir, your affectionate and assured servant. TJKACY" 

Having accepted this invitation, Mr. Van Curler prepared for his 
journey. Gov. Nicoll furnished him with a letter to the viceroy. It 
bears date May 20th, 1667, and states that "Moiis'r Curler hath been 
importuned by divers of his friends at Quebec to give them a visit, and 
being ambitious to kiss your hands, he hath entreated my pass and lib- 
erty to conduct a young gentleman, M. Fontaine, who unfortunately fell 
into the barbarous hands of his enemies, and by means of Mons'r Curler 
obtained his liberty." On the 4th July following, Jeremias van Rensse- 
laer, writing to Holland, announces, that "our cousin Arendt van Curler 
proceeds overland to Canada, having obtained leave from our general, 
and been invited thither by the viceroy, M. de Tracy." In an evil hour 
he embarked on board a frail canoe to cross Lake Champlain, and having 
been overtaken by a storm, was drowned, I believe, near Split-Rock. 
In his death this country experienced a public loss, and the French of 
Canada a warm and efficient friend. O'Callaghan's Histr. N. Nether- 
land, t, 322. 



206 Codirectors of Rensselaerswyck, 1630. 



CODIRECTORS OF RENSSELAERSWYCK, 1630. 

The copartnership consisted of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Samuel Godyn, 
Johannes de Laet, and Samuel Bloemmaert, with whom were associated 
Adam Bissels and Toussaint Moussart. The contract, and the articles 
of agreement, are referred to in the judgment of the Court of Holland, 
dated 14th June, 1650, in re Bloemmaert at al. vs. Van Twiller et al., 
which judgment was ratified by the States General on the same day. 
(Hoi. Doc. v., 298. Alb. Rec. viii., 72, 73. Rensselaerswyck MSS.) It 
has been maintained, by some, that there was no partnership interest in 
the colonie of Rensselaerswyck, and that the claim of Bloemmaert, De 
Laet, and the other partners was not allowed. But the judgment here 
referred to shows that such an assertion is contrary to the fact. The suit 
was decided in favor of Bloemmaert and his associates, and the executors 
of the first patroon were condemned to account for the rents and profits, 
and to pay to each of the partners, or their heirs, their just quota. The 
partnership is, moreover, plainly admitted in the account of the disburse- 
ments for the first venture to Rensselaerswyck, anno 1630, wherein the 
sums advanced by the other codirectors are admitted and acknowledged. 
Ample evidence of the fact will be further found by reference to the 
Rensselaerswyck MSS., and to Holland Documents vi, 303, 304, 306. 
De Vries also mentions the circumstance. Subsequently, however, Jo- 
hanna de Laet, widow of Johannes de Hulter, and who married, sec- 
ondly, Jeremias Ebbing, sold to the Van Rensselaers, in the year 1674, 
all her right and claim, as heiress of Johannes de La'et, to the colonie of 
Rensselaerswyck, for the sum of fl. 5,762 lOst. or $2,301, which debt 
was discharged by the transfer to her of certain bouweries and lands 
which were deemed an equivalent. This lady was proprietor, among 
other tracts, of the Weyland, or pasture, lying between the third and 
fourth kills, now called, in the map of the city of Albany, Rutten and 
Fox creeks. On the 20th of April, 1685, Gerrit Bissels and Nicolaus van 
Beeck, (nomine uxoris,) both representing the children and heirs of Adam 
Bissels and Margt. Reust, entitled to one tenth part 5 and as attorneys 
for Abraham Elsevier (husband of Catharina Bloemmaert) and Isbrand 
Schenk, Constantina Bloemmaert, (widow of Isaac Sweers, in his life- 
time, vice-admiral in the service of Holland,) and Juffrouw Anna Bloem- 
maert, (widow of Francois Romayn,) children and heirs of Samuel Bloem- 
maert and Catharine Reust, conjointly entitled to one tenth part of the 
colonie of Rensselaerswyck, sold, in Amsterdam, to Richard and Kiliaen 
van Rensselaer, Patroon of said colonie, their respective shares, being 
two tenths, or one fifth of the whole, for gl. 3,600, payable in three equal 
yearly parts. Thus all claims on the part of the original partners, to any 
portion of the colonie, became finally extinguished ; and that estate vested 
altogether and exclusively in the Van Rensselaer family. O' > CaUaghan ! s 
Hist. ofN. Netherland, i, 127. 



Business Directory. 



209 



BUSINESS DIRECTORY FOR 1849. 



Artists. 

Ames Julius R 3 plain 
Hart James M 6 exchange 
Heaford & Scattergood 36 s pearl 
Forbes E exchange building 

Agricultural Implements. 

Emery II L 369 broadway 
Thorburn W cor broad way &. maiden lane 
Apothecaries. 

(See Drugs and Medicines.} 

Architects. 

Penchard G 17 douw's building 
Rector Henry S3 hudson 
Woolet WL IGsteuben 

Agency. 

Noonan Thomas cor chapel & steuben 
Patterson Josiah 63 lawrence 
Scovel Asliley 11 douw's building 

Auctioneers. 

Clark & Jones 73 stale 

Copp N P 47 Washington 

Homer W P 72 state 

Pillsbury L C under museum. 

Priest Allendorph & co cor state & green 

Bakers. 

Andrews F 16G Washington 
Beats Lvi 84 Beaver 
Blanchard E 79 church 
Graves green 
Hodge John 665 broadway 
Honeysett 194 hamilton 
Hunter R 36 Washington 
McCiifferty & Holmes 26 n pearl 
McEntee John 21 canal 
Paddock Stephen 77 s pearl 
Peden A Washington 
Pester William 343 state 
Peterson & Clark 8(17 broadway 
Pettingill Michael 89 beaver 
Prichard &. Packard 186 Washington 
Putnam C 59 lyd i us 
Turner John 56 hamilton 
Barbers. 

Andree Augustus 14UJ broadway 
Bertrand Louis spruce 
Bertrand J 1 dean 
Chambers John exchange basement 
Craimell Mat basement franklin house 
Crosby J G 1 maiden lane 
De Mun E 450 broadway 
Dengel Andrew 268 broadway 
Freeman & Van Vranken 379 broadway 
Gardner William 48 hamilton 
Garrison Thomas 29 s pearl 
Garrison Isaac 3 Catharine 
Highgate Charles 632 broadway 
Johnson Hiram 10T s pearl 
L'Arrive John 2 green 



Leavitt A J 628 broadway 

Lovey D J 170 s pearl 

Mitchell Francis cor steuben and chapel 

Morgan George 80 s pearl 

Norris JamesJ 10s pearl 

Norris Henry B 70 Washington 

Pope Thomas am eric an hotel 

Simoris Jacob 27 maiden lane 

Stratton.<fc Peterson 798 broadway 

Switzer Henry 276 broadway 

Tate John A 141 swan 

Van Epps F congress hall 

Van Vranken F cor hudson and dean 

Van Vrankin David 805 r road way 

Van Vrankin Robert 2 little basin 

Winters J H delavan house 

Bedsteads. 

Ting ley ft co xivoli (patroon's creek) 
Mayes J 

Blacksmiths. 

Boyle John 210 s pearl 
Caldwell William J 90 green 
Conkling J & A 89 green 
Haight James O 13 church 
O'Brien Matthew 25 Washington 
Percival George 251 broadway 
Percival Gordon canal basin 
Shaw Luton 99 green 
Whitney James 86 green 

Block and Pump-makers. 

Brainerd E 23 quay 
Wnite F W 2 division 

Boarding-houses. 

Carter Misses 140 state 
Charter Hannah 44 hamilton 
Douglas Mrs 26 maiden lane 
Fitch Misses 126 state 
Fuller Mrs 9 montgomery 
Furnald S 29 s pearl 
Grant Mrs 2 water 
Haskell Mrs 25 Columbia 
Ilnyek Miss E 10 rose 
Johnson Elizabeth 53 chapel 
Kirsinger M 7 howarcl 
Kreuder John 215 broadway 
Leggatt William 44 hudson 
McNaughton Robert 91 herkimer 
Munger Benjamin 6 norton 
Rogers Mrs 46 easle 
Salisbury Henry 12 s pearl 
Seagrave James 13 montgomery 
Sherman Rufus M 47 jay 
Somerindyck G W 21 hudson 
Westfall John S 7 union 
Worth William E 11 beaver 
Wright Elizabeth 29 westerlo 
Bookbinders. 
Harrison A L 445 broad way 




210 



Business Directory, 



Hoffman & Bender 71 state 
Seymour & Russ 82 state 
Steel e Charles 3SS broad way 
Van Benthuysen C 407 broad way 
Warner William J 7 n pearl 
Weed Parsons and eo 67 slate 

Booksellers and Publishers. 

Bender E 11 75 .state 
Durrie D S 38b broad way 
Henry James G7 state 
Hill Aaron 78 state 
Little & co 53 state 
lAird Joseph 19 philip 
Pease E H * co 82 state 

Boot and Shoe Dealers. 

Dix J G 40 1 broad way 
Huson D R 164 broad way 
Mead & Wait 488 broad \Vay 
Mitchell J P 390 broadway 
Osborn J 350 broad way 
Pittinger lyd ius 
Prest J & D 816 broad way 
Rankin G A 392 broadway 
Rnnkin William 3!)| Washington 
Robinson & Dwight 3S2 broadway 
Snell James 410 broudway 
Tripp J 57 Washington 
Wade .t Carroll 430 broadway 
Waterman Robert 53 s pearl 
Wilcox W M & son 6f>6 broadway 
Woolverton G A 356 broadway 

Boot and Shoe Makers. 

Arnold Selh 207 green 
Burton H 34 s pearl 
Chapman II E 8 s pearl 
Dunham Oscar 56 green 
Fossard William 99 state 
Laig lit John 3v> green 
Low John 116 church 
Ramsay D D 547 broadway 
Rodgers Sherlock 247 s pearl 
Sayles Alexander 90 green 
Stone G C 415 broadway 
Thompson William 6 ca'nal 
Whitney James 39 s pearl 
Young & Server 520 broadway 
Bowling Alleys. 

Cook John 164 state 

La Grange John J 21 norton 

McNab Peter 46 jaroes 

Montross Henry 39 Columbia 

Palmer & Booge 96 state 

Stryker J P cor church and herkimer 

Brass-founders. 
McElroy William 63 beaver 
Maxwell James !Jl s pearl 
Orr William 64 beaver 
Cuyler green 

Brewers. 

Amsdell William -western turnpike 
Boyd Robert 61 iVrry 
Burt Un cor rnontgomery and colonie 
Dunlop 28 quay 



Eggleston Putnirm & co 9 dean 
Kirk Andrew 904 broadway 
McKnight John 95 canal 
Taylor and sons S3 green 

Brickmakers. 

Bas.*ett D K 399 lyd ius 
Goodrich A M 308 lydius 
McCall Patrick M 86 Swan 

Brokers. 

Evertsen Jacob jr S exchange 
Gough Jot n T 15 merchants' exchange 
Groesbeeck brothers 13 exchange building 
Henclrickson John 36 state 
Kurd J N M 2$ green 
Ireland D D 20~green 
La Grange Gerrit 455 broadway 
Lansing Jacob J 5 james 
Payne G R 438 broadway 
Pitman R II 39?| broadway 
Rice B F 16 exchange building 
Squires Thomas 56 quay 
Van Vechten Gerrit W 28 green 
Washburn & co basement city bank 
Wilsou C V lumbermen's exchange 

Builders. 
(See Carpenters and Builders) 

Cabinet-makers. 

Alvord E tivoli 
Amsden J B 31 n pearl 
Arts & Riley 97 state 
Clemshire William 17 church 
Long W cor lydius and green 
Mc-Guire William 116 state 
Moseley H T 21 church 
Van Loon P 70 green 

(See Furniture tcarefiovses.) 

Cap-makers 
(See Furs and Caps, and Hals, Caps, <!jv; ) 

Carpenters and Builders. 

Adams Christopher rear of state 

Allanson Peter 1 elm 

Boardman William 46 howard 

Borden J R 41 ja^ 

Bruce and ClemsliTre patroon 

Cameron W 5 grand 

Courtwriglit E M cor herkimer and church 

Cunningham J bleecker 

Deforest J J & B S union below hamilton 

Hawley Aaron 54 bleecker 

Holdridge D F 74 eagle 

Jarvis J J cor broadway and spencer 

Jones William patroon 

Luce Edwin 22 franklin 

McGrath Morris H) arch 

Morse Henry lancasler 

Morse James A lancaster 

Owens James 109 l>eaver 

SexKMi & Poinier 49 franklm place 

Ward J C 166 lydius 

Carpetings. 

Corbiere William A 544 broadwoy 
K"onz Abrarn 43 grand 
Van Gaasbeck John 34 green 



Carpet Weavers. 

Koonz Abram cor grand and ha mil ton 
Ray Anna 297 Washington 

Carriage-makers. 

Caldwell William J 90 green 

Chesebro & Eimendorf 19 church 

Goold James & co cor ham and division 

Lloyd & Jones 80 hamilton 

Long & Silsby 2S4 s pearl 

Wemple J D W 53 hamilton 
Cartmen. 

Appleton William G7 Van Woert 

Austin Abraham 275 Washington 

Baldwin B A liamilton w dove 

Becker Hiram 152 orange 

Beers Benjamin 2 garden 

Bennett James 41 n lansing 

Birmingham James 15 rose 

Boone William 795 broad way 

Booth Thomas 47 fayette 

Butler J W 79 church 

Cain James orange w swan 

Carls John 59 s lansiug 

Carroll Owen 103 third arbor hill 

Chandler Jeremiah 7 clewitt 

Cheever C P 1" qtiuckenbush 

Clare William 19 orange 

Colter Matthew 81 broad 

Conner John 45 fayette 

Courtney Isaac 8 jay- 
Crawford Robert J40 green 

Crocker Anson 19 orange 

Cnrtin Bart westerlo near elm 

Cutler J jr 26 second arbor hill 

Cutler Lyman 51 colonie 

Ferguson John 143 orauge 

Finn Michael 30 canal 
Finn Patrick 72 canal 

Finnigan John '260 lydius 

Fitzpatrick Thomas basement exchange 

Flamlrew John IS orange 

Fowler Charles H 45 van woert 

Frost Jacob 49 fayette 

Fryer Isaac 410 bowery 

Gilvona Tliomas canal e swan 

Godden William 313 state 

Goewey Solomon 912 bro 

Gorman Archibald 99 scliuyler 

Gormlev Patrick 104 Jefferson 

Grady Patrick 9 westerlo 

Gritfiu Michael 45 n Lansing 

Grogan Hugh westerlo w swan 

Hamilton James 36 u lausiug- 

Hare George 181 spring 

Hart Patrick 40 franklin 

Haswell John E 960 s pearl 

Hatcher William westerlo w swan 

Hazard W H 126 n pe;irl 

Herring Thomas 140 s pearl 

Hibbard Truman 410 broadway 

Hosford Selah swan arb >r hill 

Hyde Harvey 38 water 

Johiwoo William 200 broadway 

Johnson Daniel 119 Jefferson 

J. olnisou Joha M \villet 



Business Directory. 



211 



Johnson John 51 bassett 

Kennedy Michael canal 

Laughlin Felix canal 

Lay John 121 third arbor hill 

Leach Edward 116 green 

Ledwidge Patrick 9 dewitt 

Levings J 790 broadway 

Long John 65 third arbor hilt 

Luther John 105 canal 

McCormiek John 174 broadway 

McGrath Morris 32 water 

McGuire Hugh cor state and park 

Mclntyre John 1 1 ferry 

McKown John A 55 grand 

Me Laughlin William spencer 

Me Williams John 45 van zandt 

Maher Thomas 72 n lansing 

Matthews Andrew 51 Lawrence 

Maxwell Joseph 40 franklin 

Moffit William 76 franklin 

Murray Peter cor schuyler and franklin 

Murray Dennis 57 canal 

Murray Francis John st alley 

Murtaugh Michael 21 clinton 

Neely Joseph 49 westerlo 

Nichols William 126 Jefferson 

Owens Ira 72 montgomery 

Pangburn John 36 spring' 

Percival J C 105 patroon 
Peters Edward 79 canal 

Poole John 65 n lausing 
Quinlan Michael 107 first 

Radliff Jacob 059 broadway 

Ramsay John 33 water 

Ramsay Philip 221 state 

Reed William 216 state 

Reed William H 216 slate 

Reed John S 216 state 

Relyea Levi 130 arch 

Richards Owen 172 hudson 

Rock Charles 64 Rensselaer 

Rose Henry 44 spring 

Schmertsef J A 76 patroon 

Seely John 35 lumber 

Seymour James 142 lydius 

Sharp A M westerlo we swan 

Sharp David westerlo we swan 

Sheridan Barney cor first aud swan 

Simons Benjamin 160 spring 

Simons George 11 knox 

Simons Henry 160 spring 

Simons Morris 175 orange 

Simons Peter 183 orange 

Skinner Charles 213 broad 

Smith Jacob 12 oran?e 

Stackpole John B 346 lydius 

Stevens Jesse 49 fayette 

Stevenson James 17 james 

Stewart Adam 47 fayette 

Storey Terence 47 van schaick 
Taylor Robert 200 green 
Thornton Philip 32 Jefferson 
Tompkins John B 142 jeffi-rson 
Truax CVS hamilton w dove 
Turner C 21 dewttt 



212 



Business Directory. 



Van Schoonhoven James 65 van woert 
Vine Robert 82 Washington 
WalkerS 1 74 Jefferson 
Walker E 14 lumber 
Walter P 57 rensselaer 
Watson Simeon 49 high 
Weaver Nicholas 53 dewitt 
Whalen William head of canal 
Wickham Elias 113 canal 
Wickham William 115 canal 
Winne Adam 35 Jefferson 
Wolf Philip 113 canal 
Wright S 141 green 

Cement, &C. 
Warner Jacob 33 broad way 
Woodruff Halsey cor plain and grand 

Chaii -makers. 

Bussey John state 
McChesney Lucas H 108 state 
Parnell W 93i-ptate 
Winne William' B 83 state 
Chandler. 

Dey Ermand John chapel n canal 
(See Soap and Candles ) 

China, Glass & Earthen ware. 

Fisher Mary 37 Washington 

Gregory aud co 51 state 

liees Thomas 98 state 

Mclntosh W S & EC 416 broadway 

Van Heusen Sc Charles 69 state 

Clergymen. 

Barry J K 2 franklin 

Beecher 31 grand 

Campbell John N 93 hudson 

Campbell William H Albany academy 

Clark J 29 plain 

Conroy John J 99 colonie 

Davenport grace church 

Ferguson slate st 

Frazer J 76 ferry 

Groube Bartholomew 35 grand 

Halloway W W 134 green 

Hunting! on E A 111 n pearl 

Jefferies R 19 plain 

Kennedy Duncan 55 n pearl 

Kip William I 126 slate 

McClaskey P 51 dallius 

McCloskey revdr 14 lodge 

Martin B N delavan 

Miles John delaware turnpike 

Morrow Samuel F 71 patroon 

Noble E 89 third arbor hill 

Pepper John 16 high 

Pohlman H N 136 Washington 

Potter Horalio 68 maiden lane 

Raw.son T R 45 high 

Schmidt F W 

Selkirk E 68 herkimer 

Sessions John Albany academy 

Sprague William B 51 Washington 

Stark D swan and Washington 

Taggart C M 74 division 

Trop Veist 78 arch 



Waggoner W H 131 Hamilton 
Warren C J delavan house 
Way P M wesleyan chapel 
Wise Isanc 77 ferry 
Wyckoff JN lOOIydius 

Clocks. 

(See Watches and Jewelry} 

Clothing Stores, 

Allen Hiron W 425 broadway 

Baird James 17 s pearl 

Bew L 307 broadway 

Bulger R 1 exchange building 

Cook Thomas cor broadway and hudson 

Derby Levi L 373 broadway 

Dix Perry 421 broadway 

Dorr Elisha 415 broadway 

Duncan & Jackson 403 broadway 

Duncan H R 483 broadway 

Heermans John 417 broadway 

Herman Solomon 54 s pearl 

Lawton Anthony 424 broadway 

Lynch John cor centre and n lansing 

Lynch Owen 10 little basin 

Matiimore Thomas 23 lawrence 

Murray Hugh 401 broadway 

Newberg J & S 329 broad way 

Newton R N 377 broadway 

Parker 459 broadway 

Rooney Michael D 399 broadway 

Sanders S and co 21 s pearl 

Sullivan T 13 little basin 

Swift Hugh 55 quay 

Tuey Thomas 3-ulansin 

White Isaac 331 broadway 

Street Richard 409 broadway 

Coach-ware and Saddlery. 

Steele Roswell 420 broadway 
Wright N 444 broadway 

Coal dealers. 
Belknap McKercher Sc Campbell cor 

spencer and montgomery 
Curran H D 205 broadway 
Groesbeck J & A 45 Columbia 
McAuley M cor arch and dallius 
Schuyler James cor bassett and franklm 
Taylor James 166 broadway 
White J G cor hudson and eagle 
Wilbur and Tbwnseud 175 broadwuy 

Coffee Factories. 

Chase L A and co 9 exhange 
Thomas Job a 10 exchange 

Commission Merchants. 

Crafts BF 115 pier 

Dorr and Englehart 31 quay 

Dwight H W 44 quay 

French and Stevenson 20 pier 

Gilbert Lucien M 38 quay 

Hale Sylvester 117 pier 

Jones Benjamin P 106 pier 

Read and Rawls 118 pier 

Root Arthur H 5 Hudson 

Savage James 121 pier 

Van Sickler R M and co 10 maiden lane 



Business Directory. 



213 



Confectioners. 

Anderson Mrs 570 broadway 
Anderson George 81 state 
Bowers David N 916 broadway 
Briare B 453 broadway 
Burt Edward 19 Columbia 
Campbell Mrs cor hamilton and green 
Clarkson M 98 state 
Dennison William 22 s pearl 
Fairchild M 60 state 
Jewett Miss C 71 n pearl 
Latham William G 11 wilson 
May Edward 5 n lansing 
Winn Mark cor s pearl pnd herkimer 
Coopers. 

Byrne John 112 pier 

Ha\ve Matthew 55 dean 

Hawe William 74 quay 

Parr Richard 94 franklin 

Radliff TJ 5-2 philip 

AVooley and Harris 120 washiugtoa 

Coppersmiths. 

Griffin P H cor Stephen andjauaes 
Smith Peter 16 beaver 

Counsellors. 

Allen Otis 5 douw's building 

Austin C TJ 37 state 

Bancroft R I,. G 445 broadway 

Barnard D D 1 academy park 

Barnes William 450 broadway 

Benedict Lewis jr city hall 

Bingham R H 450 broadway 

Birdseye Lucien 59 state 

Blanc-hard Anthony 94 state 

Bramhali C H 78 slate 

Brinsmatle J B douw's building 

Brown .'ames 445 broadway 

Burton J I 66 state 

Burwell Dudley exchange building 

Cagger Peter 57 state 

Callanan James jr 50 state 

Campbell Duncan 60 chapel 

Cassidy William atlas office law building 

Cole John 513 broadway 

Cole John O police office 

Collier John A 542 broadway 

Colt Joseph S 94 state 

Colvin Andrew 106 state 

Courtney S G 4 exchange 

Cross J R 8 howard 

Daniels .Spencer 66 state 

Dean and Newland commercial building 

Deforest Dewitl C 8 exchange build iug 

De Lancey E F 44 state 

Denniston Gerrit V S43 state 

Dexter James 3 n pearl 

Doolittle E \ 83 state 

Downing George 73 patroon 

Edwards F S 1 commercial buildiug 

Edwards Isaac 3 n pearl 

Edwards Jaies 4?0 broad way 

Ford John W 460 broadway 

Forsylh William W 6 state 

French James M 3 cliutcn square 



Frisbie John B mansion house 

Frothingham W W 513 broadway 

Gaffney Dennis B 81 slate 

Gallup Albert blunt's building 

Gansevoort Peter 13 douw's building 

Gibb Thomas W 50 state 

Groesbeck S A 56 state 

Hadley William J 83 state, 

Hammond L S 450 broadway 

Hammond S H 450 broadway 

Harris Hamilton 6 exchange building 

Harris Ira 6 exchaage building 

Harwell HB 87 s pearl 

Haw!ey N 21 douw's building 

Hawley Gideon 4 exchange building 

Higgins Solomoti F 75 state 

Hill Nicholas 57 state 

Hill John J 13 douw's building 

Hills A S 22 jay 

Hilton R J 78 state 

Hilton W J D 81 state 

Hoist ein L D city hall 

Howard N jr 57 hawk 

James Thomas D 66 slate 

Jenkins Charles M 44 state 

Joice R L commercial building 

Kelly W S 94 state 

King N G 450 broadway 

Kingsley Hale 59 slate 

L'Amoureux James 8 douw's building 

Lansing Jacob 68 state 

Lansing C Y 3 douw's buildings 

Lansing G Y 513 broadway 

Lansing Ch:irles B 513 broadway 

Lansing L F 450 broadway 

Learned William L 71 state 

Livingston John D 94 state 

McHarg William C 81 state 

McKov/n James 44 state 

McMahon Ms 37 slate 

Mc.Martin Duncaa 44 state 

Martin H H J52 state 

Meads Orlando 489 broadway 

Mink Charles VV 45 arch 

Morange William D 42 James 

Morrell A justices' court 

Newland John commercial building 

Nichols M C G 10 douw's building 

Northrop R H 8 douw's building 

Nugent H P state hall 

Olcott John J 2-5 n pearl 

Paddock William S 71 state 

Paige J C Y broadway 

Palmer Levi H 7 coster's fcuildiug 

Parker A J 143 Washington 

Parolee William 44-2 broadway 

Parsons S H II police office 

Peckham G W 94 state 

Peckham R W 94 state 

Pepper Calvin 16 high 

Pepper Calvin jr 183 hamilton 

Percy awl Hi^g-ins 75 state 

Porter John K 57 state 

Pruyn J V L 53 state 

Pruyu R H 513 broad way 



214 



Business Directory. 



Pugsley C A 443 broadway 

Raclcliff D V N 70S broadway 

Reynolds M T 25 n pearl 

Rhoades Julius b' exchange building 

Robertson William D 251 Washington 

Robinson A D 94 state 

Rose James R 75 state 

Russell David justices' court 

Sanders J B 9 douw's building 

Settle Jacob M city hail 

Sharp Alexander P 71 state 

Shepard S O above na and f bank 

Sherman Epaphras J 5U2i broadway 

Sternbergh Jacob 59 s pearl 

Stevens Samuel 480 broadway 

Stevens Cyrus 480 broadway 

Street A B state library 

Sturtevam 3 chapel 

Taber Azor G commercial building 

Ten Broeck C cor s'.euben and broadway 

Ten Eyck Anthony 53 Columbia 

Tillinghast J L franklin house 

Troiter Matthew coopers building 

Tyler John J blunt's building 

Van Buren Thomas B 115 green, 

Vanderpoel I 5 academy park 

Van Epps H V D 7 exchange buildiiug 

Van Hoovenburgh T S 450 broadway 

Van Rmsselaer B S 62 chapel 

Van Rensselaer J S 2 douw's building 

Van Rensselaer Richard cooper's building 

Van Schaack S D 25 n pearl 

Van Vechten Abraham state hall 

Van Vechten Teunis 44 state 

Van Yoj'st Hooper C 6 exchange building 

Van Wie Lansing SJefferson. 

Wasson C C 4 1 state 

Weed William G 59 state 

Werner John I 5!) state 

Westerlo Rensselaer 41 n pearl 

Wheaton Henry G S3 state 

Whelpley J M 75 slate 

Whipple A D L 81 state 

White William D commercial building 

Willett E S 78 state 

Wilson G L commercial building 

Wilson J Q 5 exchange 

Wood Bradford R 59 state 

Wood house D 106 state 

Wood^orth John 113 state 

Worcester Eldad 30 spring 

A V right Doodatus 3 n pearl 

Wyman H 4 stale 

Vales Win cor montgomery and coluiabia 

Yates Henry kane's park 

Young William A 4 exchange building 

Younglove T G 44 state 

Daguerreotypers. 

Churchill 54 state 

Gavit Daniel K 4 SO broadway 

Mead! and brother 2 exchange building 

bissou N E 496 broadway 

Dentists. 

5S3 broadway 



Brockway J 16 n pearl 

Douglass George 77 lydiu* 

Monroa Joshua 17 green 

Nelson R and A 22 n pearl 

Wheeler U H 18 n pearl 

Wood John S cor hudson and s pearl 

Distillers. 
Claason II S40 broadway 
Tracey and Ed sou cor mout and colonie 
Wilkinson Jacob 27 dean 

Dress-makers.; 

Cameron S 13 park 
Cluxton Nancy 65 arch 
Da -idson M R 56 Lafayette 
Grew. Mrs S 46 s pearl 
Hard) Aim 140jenerson 
Holcomb Hannah 41 lark- 
Kendall Mrs 238 broadway 
Lenox Miss 8i beaver 
McKee Mrs 43 orange 
Moclair Mary 615 broadway 
Pardon Maria 23 steuben 
Patterson Miss 44 orange 
West Miss E 64 chapel 
Wilbur D A 38 spring 
Wilcox Miss 92. hndson 

Drugs, Medicines, &c. 
Briggs R B 4 exchange 
Burrows and Nellegar 43 s pearl 
Burton B 1 delavan house 
Byrnes Jonathan 24 s pearl 
Dexter George 57 state 
Ford & Grant cor Washington and hawk 
Frothing harn C 440 broad way 
McClure A and co 74 statts 
Pierce William H 506 broadv/ay 
Pulling H P 70 state 

Springsteed & Bullock cor pearl & lydiu* 
Vandenbergh A F cor broadway & hudson 
Wharton W A 381 broadway 
Dry Goods. 

WHOLESALE. 

Rleecker George M 406 broadway 
King R H and co 49 state 
Sheldon, and Wood 467 broadway 
Smith Carey and Moseley 477 broadway 
Strong A M and W N 445 bxoadway 
Woodburn and Dey Ennand 35, state 

RETAIL 

Bailey and Ostrorn, 73 Washington 
Blatner and co 384 broadway 
Boyd S V 42.8 broadway 
Brown William G 490 broadway 
Colin J and I 72 s pearl 
Cook Joseph S 530 broadway 
Cyapo Seth 56 state 
DurTey Miss M 493 broadway 
EJirich J and co 2 s pearl 
E.r%vin William H 238 Washington 
Fryer and McMichael 326 broadway 
Gay and Mygalt 486 broadway 
Hendrickson Mrs 92^ s pearl 
Holmes Henry B 16 s pearl 
Humphrey J J 53 state 






Business Directory. 



215 



Ledderer Abram 53 * prarl 

Lehrberg and Lederer 380 broadway 

Levi Solomon 52 s pearl 

Luke S and H 6s pearl 

McElroy James G30 broadway 

McElroy William 645 broadway 

Mabbett J G 384 broadway 

Mesick Henry T 340 broadway 

Minster S 38]- s pearl 

Mork Philip J72spei;rl 

Mygatt Thomas 486 broadway 

Mylet Barthdomew 102 broadway 

Newwitter J 40 s pearl 

Perry N W 504 broadway 

Post'j A 474 b*oadw.ay 

Reedstone Isaac 37i s pearl 

Rogers W C 168 s pearl 

Sampson Alexander 209 s pearl 

Sheline Alfred 81 s pearl 

Shrishimer L 142 s pearl 

Schloss Moses 341 broadway 

Sporborg Joseph -36 s>peurl 

Stearns J O 538 broad way 

Stilwell William B 80 state 

Taylor and Deforest 423 broadway 

Van Alen C cor s pearl and hudson 

Van Aernem Bei;jamin 242 wa hington 

Van Gaasbeck & Emerson 452 broadway 

Van Ness & Brown cor broadw & lumber 

Walker Mrs 81 washiuglon 

Waterbury R P and co 595 broadway 

Waterrmm J E 63 Washington 

Watson W ILand co 08 state 

Wheeler T V L 581 broadway 

White George 554 broadway 

Wilder X II 57 Washington 

Wiles Lewis cor s pearl and state 

Wiles R P & T II cor hudson and s pearl 

Zeh David 40 liavvk 

Dyers. 

Condon James 36 orange 
Giffin William <?0 norton 
Laycock 17 norton 
Leddy P B 20 iiortoii 
Niblock John 43 hudson 

Eating-houses. 

Griffi:i S 6 green 
Thompson Mrs 96 state 
Wilbur Alvin 80s pearl 

Engravers. 

OX 'WOOD. 

Carson Robert II 6 exchange 
Pease R H 516 broadway 
on COPPER. 

Cooper D M 480 broadway 
-Gavit and Duthie exchange buildings 

Expresses. 

"Greene and co 14*exchange building 
Johnson R L 11 exchage building 
Thompson and co 11 exchange bidding 
Wells and co 11 exchange building 

Fancy Goods 

Shaw Matthew 750 broadway 
Speknaji B R and R L 494 broadway 



Finding Stoics. 

Covert A 53 dean 
Gross S jr 34 hudson 
Guest and Laney 43 dean 
Holt J and co 45 hudson 
Van Schaack John 43 dean 
Fire Brick. 

Bender M W cor dallius and westerlo 
Gott and Palmer cor Lundson and hawk 
Florists and Nurserymen. 
Wilson James near penitentiary 
Hall James del a ware turnpike 

Flour dealers. 

Akin E C 73 quay 

Artcher Michael 63 quay 

Averill and Marshall 38 quay 

Barrett and Prown 31 quay 

Bement Caleb 9 Hudson 

Bennett E B 65 quay 

Bentley C W 87 quay 

Blalner Henry 21 hamilton 

Bowman Peter E 49 quay 

Brown Thorns A 31 quay 

Carey J and D H 43 quay 

Chapman William and son 81 quay 

Chiptnanand Savage 151 piesr 

Clark A S 46 quay 

Camming Alexander 187 Washington 

Duraut E A 119 pier 

Durant Lathrop and co 35 quay 

Miller Nathaniel 599 broadway 

Patten M and S 39 quay 

Ring N and J 63 quay 

Sayles J and G M 62 quay 

Shepherd and co broadway upper end 

Smyth C T 40 quay 

Terry O G 120 pier 

Tweddle and Darlington S3 quay 

Wright and co 116 pier 

Fresh Fish. 

Parker Joseph north market 
Simmons E J centre market 

Fruit. 

Anderson J H 62 green 
Anderson James 25 s penrl 
A very and co 351 and 353 broadway 
Childs Daniel 644 broadway 
Clark Joseph S3 Washington 
Fairrhild Benjamin 28 second arbor hill 
Ford widow -Hi rcen 
Hagaman and Cowell 2~3 broadway 
Hawes Isaac L 276 Washington 
Holland Edward 39 n pearl 
Porter F cor hudson and broadway 
Robinson Primus 83 state 
Shank Robert 51 union 
Vanderlip D R cor n pearl and state 
Whitecar J 5-5 broadway 

Fur and Caps. 
Prentice J II and co 105 water 
Treadwell G C and co 449 broadway 

Furniture Warehouses. 
Harris E A 531 broadway 



216 



Business Directory. 



Howe D 98 state 

McKown A F cor s pearl and lydius 
Meads John jr 549 broadway 
Merrifield and Wooster 49 s pearl 
Parsons Harvey 5^6 broadway 
Winne John 15 n pearl 

Forwarding Merchants. 
Baker H C 103 pier 
Brainard B C 29 quay 
Brown William cor steuben and water 
Carter Joseph I cor quay and liudson 
Chamberlain and Olmsted 42 quay 
Chapin an 1 co 1 hudson 
Chase and co 1 14 pier 
Clark Charles V 90 pier 
Clarke W H and co 42 quay 
Cuyler C J 66 quay 
Evan? Louis E 49 quay 
Evertsen A 31 quay 
Gay George E 102 pier 
Godard C W 93 pier 
Greene and Mather 66 quay 
Hewett H B and co 1 1 1 pier 
Hovey O S 93 pier 
Huber Jacob 211 bowery 
Johnson and Curtis 66 quay 
Littlejohn Levi 8 96 pier 
McKissick S 65 quay 
Mai lory J H and co 1 hodson 
Moore George 19 pier 
O/msted D W 42 quay 
Patten J W 66 quay 
Pease J H and co 1 hudson 
Phelps Austin 21 lancaster 
Prosser E S cor state and quay 
Redfield Charles B 113 pier 
Schuyler T 20 quay 
Shaw B F 95 pier 
Terry O G 120 pier 
Travis and co 103 pier 
Vandevvater W II and co 101 pier 
Van Santvoord A 113 pier 
Wetmore and Richards 44 quay 
Williams II A 44 chapel 
Yard ley C 79 pier 

Gardens. 
Mineral Spring 58 ferry 
National 772 broadway 

Gardeners. 
Fitzgerald Patrick 32 canal 
Fortune Et'.ward cor lydius and swan 
Grady Thomas 82 church 
Hermitage William N 58 canal 
McDonald Cornelius 57 rensselaer 
Mayniird John 349 Washington 
Neely Robert 99 schnyler 
Switzer F 167 broad 
Turner Isaac 203 lumber 

Gas-fitters. 

Carroll M J lron<lw;iy 
Mmisig and Bormann 623 broadway 
Gents' Furnishing Stores. 

Baker T S 518 broarUvny 
Lansingh K V R 454 broudway 



Globes. 

Lancaster C and D 230 lydius 
Standish Z 271 Washington 
Glovers. 
Hill Thomas 78 state 
Newman Henry 557 broadway 

Grocers. 

WHOLESALE. 

Batcheldor G and E C 18 state 
Bulkley and Crapo 50 quay 
Cook and vying 12 state 
Crapo William 17 state 
Davis William 11 state 
Monteith and co 24 dean 
Schoolcraft Raymond and co 14 hudson 
Stanton G W cor quay and state 
Wadley M S and co 347 broadway 
Wait and Vernam 359 broadway 
Weidman and Shell 10 state 
Wilson and Grimwood 7 state 
AVilson aud Mintroll 

RETAIL. 

Armitage William M 58 canal 
Baillie Charles cor franklin and John 
Barker James 45 fayelte 
Bartholomew C cor hudson and high 
Barlley James 65 colonie 
Bender William M cor lydius and lark 
Bergen Charles 28 quay 
Birch G A 45 Washington 
Blair John S cor pine and chapel 
Blake Owen 15 Columbia 
Blank Thomas cor arch and church 
Bortle Richard 272 broadway 
Bracken widow 12clinion 
Brammall George C 60 beaver 
Brooks Jonathan jr 79 green 
Brower Alburtus 194 broadway 
Brown Daniel 25 lawrence 
Brown Matthew cor chapel and canal 
Bulger John 25 quay 
Burke John cor Hamilton and dove 
Burns John 117 pearl 
Burton S P 198 broadway 
Buss Charles cor hawk and green 
Butler Thomas 83 ferry 
Bygate Richard 373 lydius 
Byrne Michael 214 broadway 
Byrne James 120 broadway 
Cahill John ISO broadway 
Calverly Stubbs 124 broadway 
Campbell George 613 broudway 
Campbell Hugh 141 broad 
Campbell John W 9 ferry 
Canan Dennis 13 quay 
Carmody Patrick cor franklin & mulberry 
Carroll Eil ward 17 quay 
Chamberlain N W 860 broadway 
Chandler S T 178 broadway 
Chapman Morgan L 30 quay 
Clark James 680 broadway 
Clark John A 510 broadway 
Clark Luke cor maiden lane and lodge 
Clarke Michael 9 pine 






Business Directory. 



217 



Colin and Rothschild 133 s pearl 
Colemay Christopher 53 first arbor hill 
Conner James 42 union 
Conner Michael 56 colonie 
Cook Asher 5 exchange 
Corrigjin William 1GU green 
Costigan John 100 orange 
Couch John cor Washington and snipe 
Courtney Joseph cor dallius and John 
Cowell and Flaherty 117 quay 
Coyle Terence 13 Columbia 
Cramer Patrick cor rcns*e.laer & franklin 
Croister James 12G Washington 
Cummings George cor division and liberty 
Deforest Charles A cor green and hamilton 
Deforest Curtis 35 hamilton 
Dc-mpsey Patrick 48 van woert 
Demsey John cor van zandt and fulton 
Dermody Henry cor chapel & van schaick 
Diamond William M 76 n pearl 
Dickson L J 8 steuben 
Dillon John 136 s pearl 
Donchue John 40 van schaick 
Donnelly F and A 112 quay 
Donnelly Thomas 76 orange 
Donovan John cor church and mulberry 
Dooley Martin ISO s pearl 
Doo'.ey Michael 203 water 
Dormley Andrew cor quay and John 
Dowd John cor lumber and center 
Droogau C 3 morton 
Dunn Charles 192 broad way 
Dunn Philip 351 state 
Dunn Philip jr 323 state 
Eagan John 99 canal 
Eagan Patrick 81 quay 
Early Thomas 46 colonie 
Eaton S .S S2 Washington 
Eggleston .John M 22 quay- 
Elder George cor orange and chapel 
Erwm Robert 27 lumber 
Ewing P II cor hudson and daniels 
Falke Henry b44 broadway 
Falkes George cor clinton and alexander 
Farrell James little basin 
Feltman John C cor hudsor. and grand 
Finch Orville cor pearl and hudson 
Finn Timothy 68 green 
Fisher John D cor lydius and lark 
Fisher Michael 105 snipe 
Filzsirnmons and Smith 15 quay 
Flood Mrs cor orange and water 
Foley James 52 church 
Foot Truman S 311 broadway 
Fortune Edward cor lydius and swan 
Fox Patrick cor arch and green 
Frederick James C 90 Washington 
Fredenrich Philip centre market 
Freest E M P cor water and lawrence 
Frishee Edwin 71 Washington 
Fryer John 778 broad way 
Galipo Nelson cor colonie and centre 
Gates Owen T cor state and park 
Gaynor Thomas D 34 quay 
Geran Anthony 67 broadway 



bsort Washington 160 broadway 
Gould Francis 34 herkimer 
Grady Patrick 19 quay 
Grattan Patrick 328 Washington 
Gray James 152 lydius 
Griffin R M 201 broadway 
Halligan Patrick cor swan and westerlo 
Harrison John 71 canal 
Hart John 42 second 
Hart Owen cor church and green 
Hart and Stevens 37 hamilton. 
Haswell &. Ransom cor green & westerlo 
Hayes Edward 291 state 
Hayes Michael 87 green 
Hayes Michael 192 green 
Heffernaa Jams cor misselaer & s pearl 
Ht-nnessy Thomas 16 van zandt 
Hennessy widow 401 stale 
Iliggins Bernard 29 van woert 
Higgins Thomas 21 lawrence 
Hill George 61 pier 
Hill Henry 45 pier 
Hilton S V A 839 broadway 
Hiney Jacob 132 arch 
Hogeboom 1' and J 149 broadway 
Holler Jacob 1M) Washington 
IIoull Oliver third cor swan 
Hughes Thomas A cor l;irk and spring 
Hurst William 23 s pearl 
Isdell William cor lydius and broad 
Jones Thomas 133 broad 
Jordan Joseph A 22 clinton 
Joynt John 140 s pearl 
Kappes John 193 s pearl 
Keelin John cor arch and dallius 
Kelly Patrick cor arch and broad 
Kelly Thomas 40 montgomery 
Kennedy Dennis cor first and swan 
Kennedy Philip 58 union 
Kieley J P cor broad and schuyler 
Kiernan William cor eagle and elm 
Kiley J P cor arch find broad 
Killion Patrick 136 broadway 
Kilmer J G 211 green 
King 6 W 46 second arbor hill 
Kinney John S foot Columbia st bridge 
Kirkpalrick Edward centre market 
Kirkpatrick Mrs ceutre market 
Lawlor Fanton 261 state 
Lnwlor Martin cor lumber and water 
Lawrence Mary Ann 131 franklin 
Lee William 59 n lansing 
Leonard S S cor lyd ins & delaware turn. 
Leonard Thomas 78 franklin 
Lightbody Andrew cor church & westerlo 
Loc liner George 64 Washington 
Loomis S A cor s pearl and hamilton 
Lynch Barnard cor green and schuyler 
Lyons 14 quay 
Lyons Joseph 53 hawk 
McBnde J and W 2<i2 Washington 
McCafferty John 47 lumber 
McCarty 369 state 
McCaugan 191 broadway 
McClelland Joseph 61 eagle 



218 



Business Directory. 



McCole James 9 plain 
McEntee James 169 green 
ATcEntee John 21 canal 
McEvily Patrick 2 Howard 
McEvoy John cor green and rensselaer 
McGurvey James 22 Jackson 
McGinn Michael 100 schuyler 
MtfGinnU Patrick 174 moingonTery 
McGimriiy Patrick 5(3 broad 
McGovern John cor arch and dallius 
McGran Patrick 77 schuyltr 
McKennsi Barney 194 broadway 
McMahon Francis 59 n ferry 
McManus James 188 broadway 
MacNamara Hugh 227 Washington 
MeNulty Christopher 150 s pearl 
MacShane Felix 74 quay 
McShea James 225 broudw.iy 
Maher Robert 159 broadway 
Mallon Thomas w swan 
Malone James 78 beaver 
Malvy William cor lodge & maiden lane 
Martin Boyd cor fiird ami swan 
jKTarlin William 35-2 broadway 
Mead Titus cor water and n lerry 
Merrifiekl William eagle near lydius 
Miles Joseph cor arch and s pearl 
Miller Charles 
Mix H and S 265 s pearl 
Moulder Michael cor canal and chapel 
Monahan John 5 little basin 
M"ore Jasper 53 green 
Moore S B 4 division 
Morrow James cor ferry and broadway 
MoslainG 150 lark 
Mullen John 22 pier 
Mulligan P cor Jefferson and swan 
Murphy Edward lj;7 s pearl 
Murphy Patrick cor schuyler & alexander 
Murray Dennis 115 broad 
Murray John 8 Columbia 
Murray John cor westerlo and quay- 
Murray L 155 orange 
Murray Owen cof Hamilton and philip 
Neff Willianr cor daniel and beaver" 
Neff& Ford cor^broadw-ay and qunckenb 
Neville Isaac cor water and n landing 
Neville John 8 lydius 
Norton MU-Hael 114 canal 
Norwood David 81 orange 
Nowlau Jeremiah cor philip & van zandt 
Oberisi Charles 1 Columbia 
O'Conner John 37 division 
O'Flaherty P 160 spear 
O'Hanlon M 15 blrecker 
O'Neil M 12 n lansing 
Oppenheim G cor franklin and herkimer 
Osborn J H and II cor s pearl a-id lydius 
Patree S 174 broad 

Pemberton E & J cor n pearl & Columbia 
Perry Hiram 174 Washington 
Pester William 342 state 
Porter Jeremiah 3(39 Washington 
Power D 148 Broadway 
Putnam and Shaw foot Columbia 



Queeny M 199 wa'er 

Radfort WHliam F cor ferry and church 

Rafferty Cimrles 13 quay 

Ramsay James cor broadway and colonie 

Rankin S 108s pearl 

Reardon Timothy IS} broadway 

Riley Edward cop'swan and second 

Robison Mrs 377 state 

Rosengarten Joseph G~2 s pearl 

Rowe Matthew 56 lawrence 

Russell Jason 150 Washington 

Ryan Patrick 13S jeffersoh 

Sayles James 2 william 

Sayles James jr cor lumber and water 

Scanlan W 5 maiden lane 

Schwartz Simson cor green and ferry 

Schuyler Cortland and co 870 broadway 

Schuyler and "\ r an Antwerp 88 bassett 

Scott William B cor swan and second 

Serviss John D cor beaver and lodge 

Serviss William cor lydius and swan 

Shacklefr>n James 19 "lawrence 

Shaver John 90 Washington 

Sheridan William cor reiuselaer & dalliua 

Slioory Mi% 89 canal 

Shouts John A 2111 water 

Sickles John A 76 s p.-arl 

Simons John 780 broadway 

Simons N E and J C co-- lydius and rose 

Simpson John 235 s pearl 

Slack Granville cor lydiu- and dove 

Slave n Michael cor broadway & schnyler 

Smith and Packard cor green and hudion 

Smith Barney 17 second 

Smith Bernard 26!) s pearl 

Smith David 1 8~s pearl 

Smitfi Egfekiel 17 wa^'iington 

Smith Matthew cor broad and aiexander 

Spears Eoenezer 68 lawrence 

.Spencer Spencer 1U9 Washington 

Stein Myer 6S w. sterlo 

Sterne Isaac 3^ s pearl 

Stewart James 2-3 westerlo 

Sullift" E A 23 lancaster 

SutliffiGeorge 2S7 Washington- 

Sutliff T"M : 741 broadway 

Swartz Abram oor arch and broad 

Taggerty Mrs 1 clinton 

Tallrnan Darius 8 n lansing 

Tarbell G S 65 quay 

Thomson Alextuuler 93 church 

T lomson C N 50 philip 

Tiernan Owen 121 quay 

Triger C 259 Washington 

Van Aernem J B I'l water 

\ 7 anderlip E'R cor ereen and Hudson 

Van Valkenburgh William 14 n lansing 

Van Wormer Peter 237 Washington 

Van Zandt G D 646 broadway 

Veeder and Bates 114 s pearl 

Veeder V cor centre and n lansing 

Vickers John 259 P pearl 

Waddel James 192 n pearl 

Waddel Samuel cor n pearl and orange 

Wallace Christopher 103 orange 



Business Directory. 



219 



Wallace John 43 rensselaer 

Wallace M 713 broadway 

Walls Peter cor Jefferson and swan 

Walt* Charles 205 broad 

Weeks and Relyea 78 pier 

W^elch James 57 s pearl 

Westheimer Abraham cor Schuyler and s 

pearl 

Whitney James F 200 water 
Wilbur Renssdaer cor lydius and dallius 
Wilkins H w side little basin 
Wilkinson Abraham 45 grand 
Williams John H 9 n pearl 
Wilon J B cor pine and chapel 
Winne J L 734 broadway 
Wormer J C 291 Washington 
Wright H 163 broadway 
Young George cor pearl and beaver 
Young Sidney & co cor lydius and grand 
Young S and P 666 broadway 

Gunsmiths. 

Beebee blunt's building 
Churchill O cor green and beaver 
Scott W J and R H 9 beaver 
Van Valkenburgh S 11 beaver 

Hair-work. 

Blanchard J W 515 broadway 
Stiles Maria 23 Hudson 

Hardware dealers. 
Corning and co 451 broadway 
Davidson and Viele 46 state 
Fry Daniel 40 state 
Humphrey and co 41 state 
Miles N B 94 state 
Pruyn a:id Vosburgh 39 state 
Warren and Steele 66 state 

Hats, Caps and Furs. 
Bougliton Daniel 411 broadway 
Boyd Thomas 537 broadway 
Butters Silas 4S5 broadway 
Cotrell J G 48 state 
Dickson Hugh 54 state 
Frothingham William 444 broadway 
Hernck E S 400 broadway 
Hills Erastus 60 state 
Hussey N 397 broadway 
Mayell Alfred 426 broadway 
Milwain James 84 state 
Robins John S 35| s pearl 
Van Namee and co 402 broadway 

Herbs. 

Gould James S 413 broadway 
MeEIarg William 22 green 

Hides and Leather. 

(See Leather dealers ) 
Horticultural Articles. 
(See Seed stares ) 

Ice dealers. 

Hall and Ha w ley 

"Ink. 

Rosekrans & Ovens cor exchange & dean 
Starr Alexander 666| broadway 

20 



Intelligence Offices. 

Board man D 47| Hudson 
Burt John 22 s pearl 

Iron Fence-builders. 

Carls J D william 

Covert H W cor steuben and water 

Starks and Pruyn 48 liberty 

Jewelery. 

(See Watches and Jewelry.) 

Junk Shops. 

McClelland David 176 broadway 
Welch Benjamin 198 s pearl 

Justices. 

Cole J O police office 
Cornell Levi lower end s pearl 
Morrell A justices' court 
Parsons S H H police office 
Sargent Parker justices' court 
Lace Goods. 
Barclay C 512 broadway 
Hind man A G 534 broadway 
Leask John 522 broadway 

Law Booksellers. 
Gould Banks and Gould 104 state 
Little and co 53 state 

Leather dealers. 

Anable and Smith 30 sjate 

Hepinstall G 25 Hudson 

Holt J and co 45 hudson 
. Humphrey F cor state and dean 
l Ruyter John 18 Hudson 

Seymour Forsylh and co 6 state 

Van Schaack John 43 dean 
i Van Valkenburgh Frost and Ruyter 18 

hudson 
I Watson William and co 59 dean 

Liquors, Wines, &c. 
I Baker James B 7 steuben 
I Bratt G T cor william and Howard 
! Claason P J 105 green 
j Esmay Isaac 28 dean 
' Fake and Todd 24 stale 

Foot and Welden 311 broadway 

Knowlton Hosea 197 broadway 

Maher James 52 state 

Malburn Francis 18 lydius 

Mascord Edward 27 s pearl 

Reid and Cushman 7 dean 

Reno Rensselaer 9 s pearl 

Boerem Townsend 13 norton 

Livery Stables. 

Carter Charles 26 steuben 

Clemens George rear franklin house 

Dexier Chauncey cor Hamilton and liberty 

Fiisby Edward 161 s pearl 

Harris George cor moiden lane and James 

Reed Benjamin 4 william 

Slausson W F 79 maiden lane 

Taylor Thomas 114 s pearl 

Wallace A F 41 division. 

Yates H and H 56 montgomery 



220 



Business Directory. 



Locksmiths. 

Blackall J & W J cor Hamilton and fulton 
Lovie Alexander 86 green 
Wollensack John 16 van zaudt 

Looking-glass Manufacturers. 

Annesley Lawson 504 broadway 
Burton James and co 3 green 
Riley George 1 green 

Lumber. 

Barnard F J and son 230 water 
Birdsall William 37 pier 
Bloomingdale William H above n ferry 
Carroll Arlond 51 pier 
Coffee and Brush cor water and spencer 
Colburn D K 127 water 
Cooley Calvin and co 191 water 
Daltou William 13 ten broeck 
Dewitt William H 67 pier 
Easton Charles P 88 water 
Fassett Asa 37 pier 
Gay Lusher 32 pier 
Goodrich David 43 pier 
Griswold, Mattoon and co cor orange and 

water 

Had lam W cor montgomery and lumber 
Higbie Hammonds and co above n terry 
Hunt William H 1^7 water 
Ketchum R V R 127 water 
King James B 20 pier 
LordTS 18 pier 
Paddock Sjr 127 pier 
Rathbun Joshua 67 pier 
Rogers and Callender 116 water 
Romaine J P 118 water 
Ross William H 13 van tromp 
Sanford Giles above n ferry 
Talcott and Hosmer 61 quay 
Tyler Bullock and co 46 water 
Van Etter J B 11 pier 
Van Valkenburgh B 689 broadway 
Vose Franklin upper end pier 
W hippie S water n canal lock 
Whitlock Robert cor water &quackenbush 
Williams C P and co 29 pier 
Wilson and Mead above n ferry 

Machinists 

Battel Mellen cor orange and water 
Dwelle Albert 15 church 
Jagger Treadwell and Perry 110 beaver 
Lloyd Thomas cor John and quay 
Low 

Pollard C 160 state 
Rodgers John 33 lumber 
Townsend F and co cor hawk and elk 
Wheeler Melick and co cor union and 

bamilion 

Mahogany. 

Meads John jr 549 broadway 
Merrifield and Wooster 49 s pearl 

Maltsters. 
McCulloch W A and co cor dallius and 

rensseluer 

(See Brewert.) 



Marble Manufacturers. 

Dixon John 36 howard cor lodge 
Kenny Thomas K 232 state 

Masons. 
Hays J R 122 green 
Page Peter L 6 chesnut 
Todd Adam 9 high 
Woodruff Cyrus 30 grand 

Medicines. 

Herrick and co 6 james 
Mosher and co 49 Washington 
Perkins and Gardner 54 beaver 
Military Goods. 
Meacham R S 84 state 
Wright N and co 444 broadway 
Milliners. 

Adams Mrs 88 Hamilton 
Allen Mrs Jane 48 orange 
Andrus Miss 21 steuben 
Anslee Mrs 48 Washington 
Blanchurd J W 515 broadway 
Boyd Mrs 31 green 
Brayton Misses 47 green 
Courier Miss Ann 47 Washington 
Creswell Mrs 12 s pearl 
Davidson Miss 46 Hudson 
Easion Mrs Betsey 69 n pearl 
Ellis Miss S 4 s pearl 
Getty Miss 37 s pearl 
Gill Mrs E 6S s pearl 
Gilmore L 540 broadway 
Gough Mr* 589 broadway 
Gracie Mrs 608 broadway 
Harris Mrs 45 green 
Hempstead Elizabeth 524 broadwav 
Keeler Mrs C 105 lydiua 
Kimball Misses 86 Washington 
Law Miss 83 n pearl 
McCormick Mrs 43 orange 
McKinney Miss 44 s pearl 
Newton Miss 8 n pearl 
Purcell Frances 704 broadway 
Rawson Mrs E 330 broadway 
Roberts Mrs 74 chapel 
Singer Miss 50 s pearl 
Waterman Miss 20 s pearl 
Winants Mrs 37 s penrl 
Wooley Mrs 6 3 pearl 

Morocco. 

Colbern Peter cor arr*h and dallius 
Guest and Laney 43 dean 

Music Teachers. 
Austin Miss Mary 64 westerlo 
Cone II R 151 Hamilton 
Cone Solomon 21 jay 
Goold Henry 47 s pearl 
(iourley Mrs 117 n pearl 
Maeder 

Packard Russel 122 Washington 
Robinson Thomas L 38 n peart 
Shaw O J 793 broadway 
and others 



Business Directory. 



221 



Newspaper Depots. 

Cook Peter 464 broad way 
Gilbert P L under museum 

Newspaper Offices. 
Argus exchange building 
Atlas law building 
Common School Journal 67 state 
Cultivator 407 broadway 
Dutchman broadway 
Express 1 green 

Freeholder cor Washington and hawk 
Journal cor state and james 
Knickerbacker museum building 
Messenger broadway 
Palladium broadway 
Spectator broadway 
Switch beaver 

Notaries. 
Fondey Isaac city bank 
Jenkins John F 7 commercial building 
Lee Noah exchange bank 
Nurses. 

Barragar Harriet 166 hudson 
Birdsall Eliza 83 bleecker 
Bishop Elizabeth 31 second arbor hill 
Bo yd Mrs 25 wilson 
Defreest Mrs 19 Columbia 
Flansburgh Jemima 825 broadway 
Godfrey Abbe L 134 n pearl 
Lewis Widow Sarah 12 norton 
Lisk Sarah 17 Washington 
Morrison Mary 204 s pearl 
Patten Mrs 66 chapel 
Sickles Mary 174 n pearl 
Tetor Ann 154 orange 
Visscher Eliza 71 lumber 
Wands Mrs 20 s lansing 
Whitney Catharine 70 second 
Wiley Lydia 17 franklin 
Wood Eliza 25 van woert 

Oil-cloth Factories. 

Meech IT T 5 grand 

Russell E and son 501 broadway 

Oysters. 

Aldrich Adam 36 westerlo 
Barnes S S 774 broadway [ilton 

Burbanks C & G cor broadway and ham- 
Carle James F 84 Washington 
Cowell R 254 broadway 
Cowell and Higby 77 state 
Miicnamee and Cowell 94 quay 
Parker Joseph 606 broadway 
Radley William 81 canal 
Scott John 48 s pearl 
Thomas and Jones 291 broadway 
Traber Charles 19 lodge 
Van Bramer 113 pier 

Painters. 

Aid en Stephen H 20 beaver 
Gladding Freeman 12 william 
Gladding G W 93 state 
Gladding Joseph 93 state 
Gladding T C 49 hawk 



Gladding and Morrill 484 broadway 
Gregory L R 32 green 
Hinkley and Holmes trotter's alley 
Hurclis John 9 church 
Hutchins S B 10 beaver 
Porter Ira 535 broadway 
Rogers Stephen 617 broadway 
Seaion George E 2>1 s pearl 
Vedder John S lOSlydius 

Paints, Oils, and Glass 
Davis Joseph and co 78 state 
Ford and Grant cor Washington and hawk 
McCIure A and co 74 state 
Pulling H P 70 state 
Russell E and son 501 broadway 
Wharton W A 381 broadway 

Paper-hangings. 
Harris D jr 8 green 
Irwin William 336 broadway 
Richardson William 60 s pearl 
Steele and co 360 broadway 

Paper Warehouses. 
Pierce J M 75 Washington 
Whitney and Bennett 59 state 

Passenger Agents. 
Morse and Osterhout 6 maiden lane 
Morse C L and co 78 quay 
Nelligan David cor Hamilton and quay 
Osborn E 36 quay 
Ross John J 145 third 
Van Valkenburgh & co cor quay & hodge 
Weed Henry, 77 lawrence 

Pattern-makers. 
Gibbs S W 25 green 
Clement H 6 james 

Physicians. 
Adams H 91 state 
Armsby J H 669 broadwaj 
Bay William 22 n pearl 
Beck T Romeyn 29 elk 
Bigelow U G 30 s pearl 
Boyd James P cor hudson and grand 
Brown James M 97 herkimer 
Bucklin Daniel D 618 broadway 
Burton R J (thomsonian) 66 chapel 
Campbell John 60 chapel 
Cogswell Mason F 13 n pearl 
Cooke George 3 norton 
Cox James cor green and lydius 
Cunningham Samuel P 112 church 
Dean N S (botanic) 19 norton 
Elmendorf P E cherry hill 
Emmons Ebenezer 159 hudson 
Fay Henry B 5 n pearl 
Fonda D E 97 s pearl 
Cannon Patrick 690 broadway 
Geoghegan William 116 green 
Griffin C C 789 broadway 
Heinsius Otto cor hudson and union 
Herrick Lewis R 6 james 
Hinkley John W 33 hudson 
Hun Thomas 36 maiden lane 
Jones E D (homoeopathic) 34 lodge 



222 



Business Directory. 



Kane Hazel 53 Washington 

La Barte John 105 herkimer 

Lesczynski Albert cor broadway & lumb 

Levi Joseph 134 s pearl 

Lockrow V B 56 beaver 

McMurdy R S 24 second arbor hill 

McNaughton James 54 n pearl 

McNaughton Peter 556 broadway 

March Alden 72 hudson 

Markey N 74 green 

Martin David cor Columbia and broadway 

Masten William L 118 lydius 

Paine Henry D (homoeopathic) 70 chapel 

Paine John A (homoeop.) 563 broadway 

Quackenbush J V P 87 n pearl 

Rossman J B cor lydius and green 

Russell A W (botanic) 88 beaver 

Sheldon B A cor state and hawk 

Sperry Rufus D 70s n pearl 

Staats B P 53 n pearl 

Staats P P 42 lydius 

Stanton W B (botanic) 109 s pearl 

Swinburne John 66 eagle 

Thompson R H 1 Washington 

Townsend Howard 64 state 

Townsend John F 2 academy park 

Trotter J H 654 broadway 

Van Antwerp (magnetic) william st 

Van Buren John 3 Washington 

Van Buren Peter 115 green 

Van Olinda P cor green and hamilton 

Wendell Peter 7 academy park 

Wendell Herman " 

Westervelt Gerrit (botanic) 71 beaver 

Willard S D franklin house 

Wiltsie David 31 Columbia 

Wing Joel A 1 Washington 

Wood J L cor s pearl and hudson 

Pianofortes. 

Ballantine and Barhydt 22 union 
Boardman and Gray 4 n pearl 
Burns Francis P 5 james 
Tlsley F I 525 broadway 
Mayer and Collier 519 broadway 
Meacham R S 84 state 
Wood and Gombel 13 n pearl 

Plane-makers. 
Bensen and Crannell cor state and lodge 
Bensen and Munsell 42 howard 
Gibson John cor water and spencer 

Porter-houses. 

Adams John 31 hamilton 
Anthony Jacob 7 maiden lane 
Basher Joseph 1 17 arch 
Bendal Edward cor arch and broad 
Bergeron M 1 division 
Briggs W W 28 maiden lane 
Buckbee Daniel 6 stanwix hall 
Cane Jesse 31 union 
Chambers Thomas 79 s pearl 
Crannell J W 101 s pearl 
Dee Mrs 38 n pearl 
Elmendorf John 163 broadway 



Farrell Thomas 25 church 

Flynn John 3 division 

Gabel Nicholas 140 monigomery 

Gould James lower end s pearl 

House William All maiden lane 

Hughes John cor lydius and dallius 

Jacobs L C 104 pier 

Kranz John 8 rose 

Kreuder George 15 montgomery 

Lenny William 29 hamiltou 

Lovell Richard 62 beaver 

Luce Waller basement exchange 

McCotter Henry 10 Columbia 

McGowan William 4 beaver 

Molloy Joseph 3 clean 

Peebles John 14 beaver 

Quin Charles 4 howard 

Hector John 279 s pearl 

Reuter George 153 broadway 

Rose J 18 Washington 

Shallow John 33 hamilton 

Van Horn Fredas 167 s pearl 

Welch William cor green and mulberry 

Portrait Painters. 
Gladding T A 41 s pearl 
Palmer Sylvanus 22 douw's building 
Prime Augustus 496 broadway 
Shaver V P 25 van schaick 
Taggart J G mansion house 
Twitchell A W 593 broadway 
Van Zandt T K 75 knox 
Wagner M D delavan house 
Wilkies T 98 state 

Potter's Ware. 

Smith David 65 lark 

Wallace Oliver 103 orange 

Gott and Palmer cor hudson and hawk 

Printers. 
Andrews E arbor hill 
Hastings H J museum building 
Kilmer C 6 james 
Munsell Joel 58 slate 
New John 10 beaver 
Romaine B F 334 broadway 
Stone Henry cor green and state 
Van Benthuysen C 407 broadway 
Van Dyck H H law brilding 
Weed Parsons and co 67 state 

Printers on Copperplate. 

Cooper D M 480 broadway 

Gavit and Duthie exchange building 

Merchant 80 state 

Pease R H 516 broadway 

Produce. 

Appleton William 145 Washington 
Bedell Daniel 162 Washington 
Carmichael James 4 exchange 
Crauford R B 8 exchange 
Grant and Sayles 61 quay 
Hallenbeck M 1.7 hudson 
Hawley Cyrus 192 Washington 
Higgins Robert 264 Washington 
Rattoone William 197 Washington 



Business Directory. 



223 



Smith Patten and co 39 quay 
Wheeler H R 6 exchange 
Wing and Byrne 90 quay 

Provision dealers. 

Avery and co 351 and 353 broadway 

Chapman .1 A and co 3 state 

Crook and Palmer 9 state 

Cusliman and co 20 state 

Cushman P C and uo 198 hamilton 

Goffe W B and J 84 n pearl 

Hawkins H D 44 quay 

Jones John 675 broadway 

Judson Tchabod L 41 quay 

Kerr W and J cor s pearl and howard 

L'Amoure T E and G 39 Washington 

Lathrop Dyer 89 Washington 

Lord Joseph and son 29 Washington 

McCann Felix 45 quay 

McCulloch John 12 exchange 

McElroy T cor maiden lane and dean 

Merchant L & W 71 quay 

Peck S S 8 state 

Perry Eli 87 Washington 

Sanders J B and co 72 quay 

Smith Ralph 72 Washington 

Williams W C 289 Washington 

Real Estate Agents. 

Clark and Jones 73 state 
Fellows and Davis 20 green 
Fitzpatrick Anthony F 38 steuben 
Scovel A douw's building 

Refectories. 

Acker P basement museum 

Adams William cor state and green 

Anthony John 96 state 

Armstrong William cor arch and s pearl 

Battersby James cor patroon and n pearl 

Bedell Richard centre market 

Bergeron Joseph cor lydius and church 

Bradt William 252 broadway 

Cassidy Henry 36 water 

Charles George H cor green & herkimer 

Duff John All montgomery 

Franks John 17 hamilton 

Galvin John lock number 1 

Harris James B douw's building 

Harlwell William 580 broadway 

Hewson Joseph 196 water 

Houck P and J 3 s pearl 

Johnson Daniel C 20 lydius 

McCardell pier foot state and 15 bea -er 

McClusky B cor church and s lansing 

Maver and Gladding 130 state 

Miles James R cor broadway and maiden 

lane 

Moore Andrew 258 s pearl 
Reasoner Peter basement exchange 
Rice George E cor ferry and broadway 
Ruso F and F cor stale and pearl 
Strain J F basement exchange 
Taylor and Leslie 27 hudson 
Thayer W B 24 beaver 
Wilson J 29 hudson 



Saddles, Trunks, & Harness. 

Bell James N 473 broad way- 
Booth Alfred 105 s pearl 
Clandenuing William 607 broadway 
Lloyd and McMicken 342 broadway 
McChesney E 545 broadway 
Slason E B 375 broadway 
Smith William 311 broatlw.iy 
Traver George 24 Washington 
Van Vlack William 85 s pearl 
Whitney Charles 6 n lansing 
Whitney James 10 little, basin 

Sail-makers. 
Disney John 69 quay 
Moakley Peter cor hamilton and quay 

Sash-makers. 
Easterly Thomas 44 elm 
Fowler Gilbert C 96 herkimer 
Rose boom Charles 94 hudson 

Saw-filers. 

Anson Levinus 82 ferry 
Hermans C J 127 beaver 
Topping S 7 norton 

Seed Stores. 

Emery H L 396 broadway 
Thorburn William corner broadway and 
maiden lane 

Sextons. 

Blackall James 1st presbyterian 43 beaver 

Davison B C near s pearl baptist church 

Ensign Guy ferry st method 1st church 

Litchfield John n methodist church 

Pangburn W 36 spring 

Pottenbergh H north method ist 

Van Bergen P cor van schaick and chapel 

Vandenburgh A 38 beaver 

Wallace Moses 2 franklin place 

Watson Stephen 23 dove 

Weaver D L 65 green 

Wiley William ferry st melhodist 

Winne SP 1 18 n pearl 

Skippers. 

Austin Jeremiah 92 beaver 

Barnard George T 60 n lansing 

Buckbee E 27 dewitt 

Burns Walter 23 rensselaer 
j Cassidy George 128 s pearl 
I Ford Eliakim 120 green 

Gillespie Josiah 62 westerlo 
! Green M R 277 lydius 
I McEntee Thomas S 100 spring 
i Mink David 8 ferry 

Murray H L 60 westerlo 
I Page Nicholas 122 n pearl 
I Sherwood Stephen A 115 church 
! Silsby Thomas 17 franklin 
i Winne Gilbert 219 lumber 

Soap and Candles. 

Hartness John and co 56 jackson 
Strain Joseph cor church and herkimer 
Taylor and sons 83 green 
Ten Eyck M H 70 green 



224 



Business Directory. 



Ten Eyck J H and co 17 s laming 
Wells Agur 177 s pearl 

Soda Manufacturers. 
Hand and Murtlia cor Howard and s pearl 
Harris Jol.ii cor broadway and exchange 

Stonecutters. 

Gray Alexander cor franklin and John 
Jones James D 65 herkimer 

Stove Dealers. 
Baker C A 10 green 
Baker Samuel 16 green 
Callanan and Wilson 13 green 
Clark J H and co 4 green 
Coughtry Robert T 33 Washington 
Gregory E H and co 97 green 
Harvey Francis 7 green 
Hermance John C G39 broadway 
Hoy John 15 green 
Learned B P and co 8 maiden lane 
McCoy Clark and co 13 green 
McLoughlin C 22 hud son 
Pasco E L 5 green 
Quackenboss Angus 14 state 
Ransom S H and co 26 state 
Rathbone and co 9 green 
Seger Peter 44 Washington 
Shear J H 17 green 

Tremere & Wands cor beaver and green 
Van Wormer and McGarvey 14 green 
Vose and co cor maiden lane and dean 

Stove-works. 
Cobb William 192 Washington 
Jagger Tread well and Perry 110 beaver 
McCoy Clark and co monigomery 
Potts Jesse. C cor hamillon and grand 
Quackenboss A water 
Ransom and co broadway below s ferry 
Rathbone and co n ferry 
Vose and co cor broadway and basselt 
Steam Sawing and Planing. 
Gibson John cor water and spencer 
Warren Clement cor water & quackenb 

Tailors and Drapers. 
Booth William 47 high 
Carpenter and Kirk 71 state 
Chatterson J cor broadway and church 
Cook Thomas cor hudson and broadway 
Cooney Michael 495 broadway 
Davis R C 3 exchange 
Duesler Daniel 4S4 broadway 
Evans Robert 103s pearl 
Freeman Robert 482 broadway 
Harvey James M 468 broadway 
Howe S B 481 broadway 
Kirk Abram 497 broadway 
Lee T E and T 471 broadway 
Muir William O 52 state 
Relyea Peter 446 broadway 
Sard Grange 448 broadway 
Shamler William 3 stanwix hall 
Shepard J G 431 broadway 
Shepard S S 313 broadway 
Thorn William 13 beaver 



Topp William H 546 broadway 
Tailoresses. 

Arms Mrs 54 division 
Claudius Julius 50 church 
Reynolds Miss E 73 lumber 
Waldron Maria 20 daniels 
Wood Emeliiie 43 orange 

Teachers. 

Adams E S 59 grand 

Anthony C H eagle st 

Baldwin AT 119 n pearl 

Brinckerhoff Mrs 112 state 

Bulkley J W 172 n pearl 

Campbell Rev W H albany academy 

Gamine Misses 18 van tromp 

Crane Mary 125 hamilton 

Goeway Magdalen 20 orange 

Hall H T 7 n pearl 

Heely Emma A orphan asylum 

Heely Orissa orphan asylum 

Helme Joseph J 140 spring 

Hughes William H cor ferry and dallius 

Johnson Jeanette R 10 rose 

Lord Mrs Sarah L 19 philip 

McKaig Andrew 36 grand 

Marble Joel 218 'state 

Matthews N W arbor hill 

Merrifield Elizabeth 11 grand 

Millard Nehemiah 117 green 

Parsons L Sprague female academy 

Perkins G R normal school 

Purdy Mrs 13dallius 

Reynolds John 350 lyd i us 

Sessions Rev John albany academy 

Skerritt Misses 4 high 

Steele Samuel 52 westerlo 

Ten Eyck P female academy 

Trumbull R 157 lydius 

Valentine Thomas 182 Washington 

Wrightson William T 

Zelie James 228 state 

Teachers of Dancing. 

Deuchar Alexander 60 n pearl 
Graves A G 80 s pearl 
Shaw Eleanor T 153 state 

Tin-plate and Sheet-iron 
"Workers. 

Austin William cor green and hudson 
Bailey Edward 84 s pearl 
Baker Charles 5SO broadway 
Blakeman E C 92 state 
Born Joseph C 90 green 
Brooks David Washington 
Delehanty Michael 26 beaver 
Fuller Amasa 638 broadway 
Griffin John 716 broadway 
McLoughlin C 22 hudson 
Sager Peter 44 Washington 
Van Wormer and McGarvey 14 green 
Whalen Thomas 13 church 
Whitney and duett 18 beaver 



Business Directory. 



225 



Tobacco, Snuff and Cigars. 

Brower and Teelin 35 Washington 
Davis D L cor church and lydius 
Gott John 7 james 
Greer Alexander 822 broadway 
Payn am! McNaughtun 447 broadway 
Ridder T B 78 s pearl 
Sprague Horace 54 dean 
Van Cott P T 616 broadway 

Type & Stereotype-founders. 

Munsell J 53 ssate 
Van Benthuysen C 407 

Umbrellas. 
Weaver Daniel L 65 green 
Adams G 88 hamilton 

Upholsterers. 

Blair A and co 36 green 
Morange P M 502 broadway 

Variety Stores. 
Carter George T 446 broadway 
Harley Edward cor s pearl and schuyler 
Mascord William 620 broadway 
Nixon R 16 s pearl 
Pease R H 516 broadway 
Reid John 652 broadway 
Taylor Mrs 51 s pearl 
Van Schaack E 385 broadway 

Victuallers. 
Putnam Elisha 709 broadway 
Putnam James A north market 
Safford Peter 21 philip 
Stilwell & Collins cor green and division 
Swartz George centre market 
Todd Dorman and co 580 broadway 
Todd Robert 776 broadway 
Watches, Jewelry and Plate. 
Arms N T 42 s pearl 
Carson David 98 state 
Carson Thomas 98 state 
Crew J T 88 state 
Cutler J N 33 beaver 
Given A 550 broadway 
Hascy Alexander R 33 state 
Hascy Nelson 34 state 
Hood and Tobey 44 state 
Hoyt George B 394 broadway 
McHarg Alexander 12 green 
Marsh B 405 broadway 
Mix James 24 green 
Mix Visscher 14 green 
Mulford and Wendell 480 broadway 
Rice J T 21 s pearl 
Simpson and Beckel 408 broadway 
Waterman George 82 state 

Wheelwrights. 

Mascraft William 23 Washington 
Spring Hiram 76 church 

"Wine, Cider and Vinegar. 
Latham and Halsier 13 howard 
Spanier Louis 801 broadway 

Wines, Teas, &c. 
Hendrickson M and J 2 hudson 



Jordan Matthew 553 broadway 
Mitchell William 361 broadway 
Satterlee E R and E 61 slate 

Wood. 

Judson Isaac E 78 water 
Leonard Jacob 96 willett 
Luther J P and G W 26 quay 
McAuley Michael cor arch and dallius 
Strevel and Zeh 22 quay 
Taylor 166 broadway 
Wilbur and Townsend 175 broadway 

Wooden-ware, &C. 
Bicknell B 397 broadway 
Williams W II and co 511 broadway 

Wool. 

Chapin Lyman 44 quay 
Knower John 31 hudson 
Newman Henry 457 broadway 

Miscellaneous. 

Artists' materials James S Gould 413 

broadway 

Band and fnncy boxes Miss Frances Gal- 
pin 43 maiden lane. 

Basket maker Dominick Rossle 338 bow- 
ery 

Baths N S Dean 19 norton 
Bell founder Danu-1 Curtiss 23 church 
Bell hanger J & W J Blackall corner 

hamilton and fulton 
Bird slujfer PI Roberts 377 S'ate 
Bone dealer R H Thompson 7 clinton 
Bonnet and straw goods Joseph Walker 

536 broadway 

Bonnet bleacher M L Cutler 442^ broad- 
way 

Brush maker J B Armour 389 broadway 
Camphine S T Thorn corner broadway 

and church 

Carver Henry H Farnham 55 colonie 
Chemist Ebenezer Emmons 159 hudson 
Civil engineer and surveyor R V De 

Witt 56 state 
Clothes cleaner William Ogden, base. 

ment exchange 

Coach painter John W Johnson 90 green 
Combs and fancy goods B R <fe R L Spel- 
man corner broadway and maiden lane 
Coroner Levi Chapman 50 chapel 
Corsets Mrs Cook 36 S Pearl up stairs 
Crier Peter Ben east albany 
Die sinkers Daniel True 26 green 
Draughtsman E Forbes 9 exchange 

buildings 

Dredger d-c S N Payn?698 broadway 
Drum maker George Kilbourn 1.30 Or. 

ange 
Fancy box maker Frederick G Kaulseh 

63 green 

Feed store John Dailey 78 church 
File cutter ScMey and Linsenbolz 21 

church 

Fire engines John Rodgers 33 lumber 
Fishing tackle Steele & Warren 66 state 



226 



Furnaces and ranges William Cobb 192 

Washington 
Glue manufacturer Thomas Coulson 590 

bowery 

Gold beater William Barrett 49 hudson 
Grate manufactory Henderson & Weller 

584 broadway 

Grindstones Nathan Davis 77 quay 
Hay John Hilton cor herkimer and quay 
Hosiery Mrs Wiley 42 south pearl 
Images Clemente Tozoni 610 broadway 
India rubber goods James Mc-Mullen 

386 broadway 

Iron Foundry P W Lamb 45 liberty 
Linseed oil Deyermand & Davis 1 broad- 
way 
Lithographer R H Pease 561 broad. 

way 

lumber inrpector John Cornick 29 pier 
ffailor William McClusky 1(53 spring 
Night scavenger Joseph Dibble 64 clin- 

ton 

Oculist G A Knapp 496 broadway 
Oil Wickes & Tillinghast 13 hudson 
Optical instruments Joseph Gall 30 

green 

Patent agencu R V De \Vitt 56 state 
Pension agent L Jenkins mechanics' 

and farmers' bank 
Plumbers F W Ridgway 1 15 state. 
Plumb level J W Andrews corner hud- 
son and high 

Reporter William G Bishop 111 hudson 
Screw dock Hiram Fanning corner co- 

jumbia and dock 
Shade manufacturer Gaylord Heath 2 

park 
Ship chandler Leonard D Shaw 1 slate 



Public Places, Offices, fyc. 



Skip stores Cole and Van Nostrand 61 

quay 
Silk and worsted trimming- Miss M Van 

Horn 597 n pearl 
Silver-wa-e manufacture Godley & John- 

son 6 liberty 

Silver plate William Brown 13 church 
Silvtr smith Hall Hewsen & Brower 10 

plain 

Stationer G Cogswell 21 fayetle 
Sinter James Dicksou 65 beaver 
Staves and lumber Talcot & Hostner, 61 

quay 

Si earn feed mill Orias Hall broailway 
Surgical instruments Edward Owens 28 

beaver 
Surveyors J D Elliott stanwix hall, G 

W Carpenter city hall, Ellis cooper's 

building 

Sweep Charles Gibbons 82 van schaick 
Tnllnw chandler George W Paige 70 

canal 
Tea. dealers W S & C C Greenwood 598 

broad way 
Teacher of french 3 Molinard 2 park 

place 

Twiner George Jones 52 chapel 
Vndertaktr George Patterson 52 hudson 
Weigher and measurer Peter Cure 4 1 

philip 
Whitesmith John Lossing 217 washing. 

ton 

Whiteirasher Jacob Wickham 246 lydius 
Wood measurer John J Lagrange hamil- 

tou w dove 

Worsted store Mrs Paepke 23 n pearl 
Yankee notions Hezekiah Dickerman 55 

Washington 



PUBLIC PLACES, OFFICES, &c. 



Adjitant General's Office, Capitol. 

Albany Academy, Academy Park. 

Albany Alms-house, south Lydius 
west Delaware turnpike. 

Albany Apprentices' Library, 
Hudson 

Albany and Boston Railroad Office, 
Stanwix Hall, cor Maiden lane 
and Dean. 

Albany Bethel, Montaomery. 

Albany Bursesses Corps Armory, 
cor Broadway and Hamilton. 

Albany Emmet Guards, 379 Broad- 
way. 

Albany Female Academy, N Pearl. 



Albany Female Seminary, 67 Divi- 
sion. 
Albany Gallery Fine Arts, 528 

Broadway. 
Albany Insurance Company, 56 

State. 
Albany Medical College, Eagle 

between Lancaster and Jay. 
Albany Merchants' Exchange, 

Broadway foot of State. 
Albany Mineral Spring, Ferry near 

S Pearl. 
Albany Museum, cor State and 

Broadway. 
Albany Nursery, Western turnpike 

two miles out. 



Public Places, Offices , 



Albany Post-office, Merchants' Ex- 
change. 

Albany Republican Artillery Ar- 
mory, 379 Broadway. 
Albany Washington Riflemen, 379 

Broadway. 

Albany Waterworks, Eagle, Co- 
lumbia and Steuben. 
Albion Hotel, cor Herkimer and 

Broadway. 

American Hotel, 100 Stale. 
Apothecaries' Hall, cor State and 

N Pearl. 

Axe Company, 11 Steuben. 
Banks. 

Albany City Bank, 47 State. 

Albany Exchange Bank, Ex 
change Building. 

Albany Savings Bank, 40 State. 

Bank of Albany, 42 Slate. 

Commercial Bank, 40 State. 

Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, 
cor Broadway and Exchange. 

New York State Bank, 69 State. 
Baptist Churches. 

First Baptist Church, Green, be- 
tween Hamilton and Division. 

Second Baptist Church, N Pearl. 

Third Baptist Church, cor State 
and High. 

Fourth Baptist Church, S Pearl. 

Baptist Church, African, Hamil- 
ton, west of Pearl 
Beardsley's Hotel. 28 Washington. 
Bergeron's Albany House, cor Ly- 

dius and Church. 
Bleecker Hall, 531 Broadway. 
Blunt's Building, cor State & Pearl. 
Boston R. R. Temperance House, 

37 Dean. 

Boston Hotel, 15 Dean. 
Boston Packet Office, 102 Pier. 
Broadway House, Johnson's, 256 

Broadway. 
Broadway House, Mrs. Paris's, 

61S Broadway. 

Chamberlain's Office, City Hall. 
Canal Collector's Office, 198 Water. 
Capitol, head of State. 
Catholic Churches. 

Cathedral, cor Eagle, Jefferson 
and Lydius. 



227 



German Catholic Church, cor 
Philip and Hamilton 

St John's Church, Ferry. 

St Joseph's Church, cor Lumber 
and N Pearl 

St Mary's Church, cor Pine and 

Chapel. 
Centre Market, S Pearl between 

Howard and Beaver. 
City Hall Coffee House, cor Eagle 

and Maiden lane 
City Hotel, Broadway. 
City Hall, Eagle fronting Wash- 
ington. 

City Marshal, City Hall. 
City Surveyor, City Hall. 
Clinton Holel, cor Soulh Pearl and 

Beaver. 
Commercial Buildings, cor Hudson 

and Broadway. 

Complroller's Office, State Hall. 
Congress Hall, cor Washington and 

the Park. 

Cooke's JNews Office, 464 Broad- 
way. 
Cooper's Building, cor State and 

Green. 

County Clerk's Office, City Hall. 
County Treasurer's Office, corner 

Broadway &, Steuben, up stairs. 
Court of Appeals, 2d floor Capitol. 
Delavan House, Broadway. 
Douw's Buildings, cor Broadway 

and Stale. 

Dutch Tavern, 41 Liberty. 
Eagle St. Hotel, cor Eagle and 

Daniel. 

Eastern Holel, 144 Broadway. 
Emigrant Association Office, foot 

of Hamilton. 
Engine No. 1, 11 Chapel. 

do No .2, 

do No. 3, attached to Alms- 
house 

do No. 4, 75 Grand. 

do No. 5, 236 Washington. 

do No. 6, cor HawU&Fayette. 

do No. 7, 41 Hudson. 

do No. 8, Broadway. 

do No. 9, 

do No. 10, Wilson. 



228 



Public Places, Offices, 



Engine No. 11, 

do No 12, Arbor hill. 
Episcopal Churches 

Church of the Holy Innocents, 
cor Colonie and North Pearl. 

Grace Church, Spring. 

St Paul's Church, S Pearl. 

St Peter's Church, cor State and 

Lodge. 
Exchange Coffee House, 270 

Broadway. 

Exchange Hotel, 25 Maiden lane. 
Farmer's Hotel, 42 Washington. 
Farmer's Inn, 157 Washington. 
Firemen's Insurance Company, 

Cooper's Building. 
Fountain Inn. 926 Broadway. 
FranKlin House, State. 
Fuller's Albany and'Troy Express, 

464 Broadway. 
Gas Light Company's Works, cor 

Arch and Grand 
General Stage Office, under the 

Museum 

Geological Musem, Old State Hall. 
Gilbert's News Office, cor Broad- 
way and State. 

Greene & Co. 's Express, Exchange 
Hook and Ladder No. 1, 34 Plain, 
do No. 2, Patroon. 

Hose Company No. 1, 34 Plain. 
Hudson-street Temperance House, 

10 and 12 Hudson. 
Jail, cor Eagle and Howard. 
Jenkinson's Railroad House, 2 and 

4 Dean. 
Johnson's Northern Express, 11 

Exchange. 
Justice's Court, over the Centre 

Market. 

Kearney's Hotel, 173 Montgomery. 
Labraiche's Hotel; 19 Hamilton. 
Lafayette House, 19 Montgomery. 
Law Buildings, cor Broadway and 

Beaver. 

Lockwood's Hotel, 65 Washington. 
Lumbermen's Exchange, Little 

Basin. 

Lumbermen's Hotel, in Lumber- 
men's Exchange. 
Lutheran Church, corner Pine and 

Lodge. 



Lutheran Church German, State 

near Swan. 

Mansion House, 470 Broadway. 
Mechanics' Benefit Society, Douw's 

Buildings. 
Mechanics' and Farmers' Hotel, 38 

Hawk 
Methodist Episcopal Churches. 

African Methodist Church, State, 
rear of District School No. 2. 

First Methodist Epis. Church, 
Hudson, above Pearl. 

Second Methodist Epis. Church, 
N Pearl. 

Third Methodist Epis. Church, 
cor Ferry and Franklin. 

Fourth Methodist Epis. Church, 
cor Washington and Swan. 

Fifth Methodist Epis. Church, 
Swan, between Lumber and 3d. 

Wesleyan Methodist, N Pearl, 

above Patroon. 

Mineral Spring Garden, 58 Ferry. 
Mission Sabbath School, Rensse- 

laer between Green &. Franklin. 
Mission House School, 140 Spring 

above Lark. 

Mohawk and Hudson Railroad Of- 
fice, cor Dean and Maiden lane. 
Montoney's Public House, 15 

Washington. 

Mount Vernon Lo Ige of Freema- 
sons, cor Broadway &, Steuben. 
Munger's Hotel, cor Lydius and 

Dove. 

National Garden, 772 Broadway. 
National Hotel, 266 Broadway. 
Northern Hotel, cor Broadway and 

Orange. 
Normal School, cor Chapel and 

Howard. 

North River Hotel, 274 Broadway. 
Odd Fellows' Hall, cor Green and 

Beaver, and Cooper's Building. 
Orphan Asylum, head Washington. 
Otsego House, 74 Washington. 
Penitentiary, Delaware Turnpike. 
Pension Office, at Mechanics' and 

Farmers' Bank. 
Phoenix Hotel, opposite Steamboat 

Landing. 



Albany County Bible Society. 



229 



Picture Gallery, 41 S Pearl. 
Police Office, over Centre Market. 
Presbyterian Churches. 

First Presbyterian Ch., Hudson. 
Second Presbyterian Church, 

Chapel. 
Third Presbyterian Church, cor 

Clinton square and N Pearl. 
Fourth Presbyterian Church, 

Broadway. 
Associate Presbyterian Church, 

cor Chapel and Canal. 
Reformed Presbyterian Church, 

27 Westerlo. 

Reformed Prot. Dutch Churches. 
First Ref Prot. Dutch Church, 

North Pearl. 
Second Ref. Prot. Dutch Church, 

Beaver. 
Third Ref. Prot. Dutch Church, 

South Ferry. 

Saratoga House, 719 Broadway. 
Second Advent Chapel, Blunt's 

Buildings. 
Secretary of State's Office, State 

Hall. 

Sheriff's Office, Jail. 
State Arsenal, Broadway corner 

Lawrence. 
St Charles. Hudson. 
Slanwix Hall, cor Broadway and 

Maiden lane. 

State Agricultural Society, Old 
Slate Hall. 



State Hall, Eagle cor Steuben and 

Pine. 

State House, Eagle street. 
Steam's Inn. 163 S Pearl. 
St Vincent's Orphan Asylum, N 

Pearl. 
Supreme Court Clerk's Office, State 

Hall. 

Surrogate's Office, State Hall. 
Surveyor General's Office, State 

Hall. 
Synag-ogue Bethel Jacob, 88 and 90 

Fulion. 

Synagogue, Herkimer. 
Syracuse House, 21$ Broadway. 
Tallman's Hotel, 128 Water 
Telegraph Office, No. 2 Exchange 

Building. 
Telegraphery, O'Reilley's, under 

Museum. 
Temple Lodge, cor Steuben and 

Broadway. 

Unitarian Chapel, Division. 
Universalist Church, Green near 

Hamilton . 
United States Hotel, 91 Washing- 

ton. 

Washington Hall, South Pear!. 
Washington House, 17 Mont- 
gomery. 

Wells & Co.'s Express, Exchange. 
William Tell House, 91 Church. 
Wilson's Hotel, Hudson. 



ALBANY COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. 

This institution seems to have been founded in 1810. The first annual 
sermon was preached by the Rev. Samuel Blatchford on the 12th Feb' 
1811, in the North Dutch Church. It was incorporated by act of legis- 
lature, passed April 8. 1811 The managers named in the charter were 
Rev. John M. Bradford, Rev. William Neill, Rev. Samuel Blatchford, 
Harmanus BlrecKer, John Stearns, John H. Wendell. Stephen Van 
Rensselaer, Philip Van Rensselaer, Rev. Eliphalet Nott, Abraham 
Van Vechten, John Woodworth, Douw Fonda, Rev. John McJimpsey, 
Rev. Frederick G. Mayer. On the 6th February, 1814, a sermon was 



230 



Albany County Bible Society. 



preached by Dr. Nott in the North Dutch Church, in aid of the funds of 
the society, when a collection of $271 was taken. The society has been 
in operation nearly 39 years, during which time the following. ministers 
have preached the annual sermon by appointment : 



Samuel Blatchford 1811 

Eliphalet Nott 1812 

J. M. Bradford 1813 

William Neill 1814 

Alexander Proudfit 1815 

John De Witt 1816 

J. M. Bradford 1817 

John Chester 1818 

A. J. Stansbury 1819 

Joseph Shaw 1820 

Thomas McAuley 1821 

Walter Monteath 1822 

Henry R. Weed 1823 

John Ludlow 1824 

James Martin 1825 

James Chiistie 1826 

Isaac Ferris 1827 

Henry R. Weed 1828 

Mark Tucker 1829 

E. D. Griffin 1330 



William B. Sprague. . . . 1831 

James R. Wilson .. 1832 

William Lochead 1833 

J N. Campbell 1834 

William James 1835 

E. N. Kirk 1836 

Edwin Holmes 1837 

Thomas E. Vermilyea . . 1838 

I. N. Wyckoff 1839 

Ezra Huntingdon 1840 

William B. Sprague 1841 

Edward D. Allen 1842 

Noah Levings 1843 

Duncan Kennedy 1844 

W. H. Campbell 1845 

Henry N Pohlman 1846 

William B. Sprague 1847 

Allen Steele 1848 

J. N. Campbell 1849 



The Rev. Benjamin N. Martin is appointed to preach the next annual 
sermon. 

The whole number of Bibles circulated since the formation of the 
society appears, by the last report, to have been 15,147 ; of Testaments, 
20,757. The number of Bibles distributed gratuitously during the year 
1848, was 465; Testaments, 680. The number sold during that year 
was 242 Bibles, 1342 Testaments. The amount of receipts into the 
treasury during that year was $1,532 77. The whole amount contributed 
to the American Bible Society by this institution in thirty-eight years, is 
$15,638-98. 

The officers of the Society for 1849 are as follows 



Rev. William B. Sprague, D. D., 

President. 
Rev. John N. Campbell, D D., 

First Vice-Presi<!ent. 
Rev. I. N. \V vckoff, D. D., Second 

Vice-President. 

Philip Phelps, Rec. Secretary. 
Lemuel Jenkins, Cor. Secretary. 
William C. Miller, Treasurer. 
Rev. Ezra A. Huntington, D. D., 

Duncan Kennedy, D D , William 

H. Campbell, D. D., Henry N. 



Pohlman. D. D., F. W. Schmidt, 
Luman A. Sanford, Rutgers Van 
Brunt, J. Clarke, Benjamin N. 
Martin, Messrs. Archibald Me 
Intyre, Rensselaer Westerlo, 
Nathaniel Davis, Israel Smith, 
Daniel Fry, Abraham Keyser, 
George W.Benjamjn, Managers. 
Rev. Dr. J. N. Campbell, William 
C. Miller, Nathaniel Davis, Da- 
niel Fry, Ex. Committee. 



Freeholders in 1720. 



231 



A LIST OF THE FREEHOLDERS OF THE CITY AND 
COUNTY OF ALBANY. 1720.* 





FIRST WARD. 




Evert Wendell 


Daniell Kelly 


Nicolas Winegaert 


Jno Dunbar 


Johannis Vandenberg 


Cornelis Vandyke 


Harmanis Wendell 


Joseph Vansante 


Johannis Lansen 


Peter Van Brugh 


Joseph Yeats Snor 


Luykas Winegaert 


Johannis Schuyler 


Winant Vanderpoel 


Ryert Gerritse 


Antoney Van Schaick 


John Kidney 


Gose Van Schaick 


Mindert Schuyler 


Mindert Lansen 


Barent Egbertsen 


Antoney Vanschaick 


Obediah Cooper 


Bastian Visser 


Snor 


Johannis Vansante 


Antony Bregarde* 


Robert Livingston Junr 


Matthews Flantsburgh 


Thomas Wendell 


Tho: Williams 


Tobias Ryckman 


Johannis Tenbroeck 


Coonrodt Tennyck 


Peter Ryckman 


Antoney Coster 


Joseph Yates Junr 


Wm. Hilton 


Danl. Flantsburgh, 


Jacob Roseboom 


Johannis De Garmoe 


Johannis Beekman 


Jacob Staats 


Claes Van Woort 


Johannis Wendell Junr 


John Rosie 


Henry Holland 


Antoney Van Schaick 


Wm : Hogan 


John Collins 


Junr 


Johannis Van Alen 


Hend: Halenbeek 


Philip Livingston, 


Jacob Lansen 


Peter Gramoe 


Jacob Beekman 


Baltis Van Benthusen 


Johannis Ratclif 


Rev. Thomas Barclay 


Harmanis Ryckman 


Luykas Hooghkirck 


David Grewsbeck 


Fred. Mindertsen 


Hendrick Oothout 


Stephanis Grewsbeck 




SECOND WARD, 




Johannis Cuyler 


Johannis Vinhagen 


Philip Wendell 


Nicos: Bleeker 


Abram Kip 


Jan Lansen 


Abram: Cuyler 


CorneliusSchermerhom Gerrit Roseboom 


Warner Van Ivera 


Hendrick Tennyck 


Cornelis Van Scherfiae 


Reyner Mindertsen 


Johannis Beekman Snor Johans: Evertse Wen- 


Barent Sanders 


Gerrit Lansen 


dell 


Wm. Grewsbeck 


Issack Kip 


Abram : Lansen 


Guisbert Marselis 


Nanning Visser 


Johannis Roseboom 


Herbert Jacobsen 


Hendrick Roseboom 


John Hogan 


Arent Pruyn 


Mindert Roseboom 


Johannis Visser 


Johannis Mingaell 


Andries Nach 


Benj. Egbertsen 


Johannis Hansen 


Jan : Janse Bleeker 


Jonanis Grewsbeck 


Seibolet Brigardes 


Johannis Bleecker 


Claes Funda 


David Van Dyke 


Cristofell Yeats 


Wm. Jacobsen 




THIRD WARD. 




Isaac Funda 


Johannis Hun 


Jacob Evertse 


Samuell Babington 


Phillip Van Vechten 


Jno ; Solomonse 


Gerrit Van Ness 


Lenord Gansivoort 


Hendrick Hansen 


Albert Ryckman 


Jan : Evertsen 


Abram : Schuyler 


Cornelis Borghaert 


Evert Janse 


Derrick Brat 



* See Documentary History of New York, vol. I., page 370. 



232 

Johannis Van Ostrande 
Johannis Evertsen 
Tunis Egbertsen 
Derrick Tenbroeck 
David Schuyler 
Winant Vandenbergh 
Takel Derrickse 
Johannis Backer 
Thomas Long 
John Gerritse 
Elbert Gerritse 



Jonathan Stevens 
William Coppernoll 
Claes Franse 
TeirckFranse 
Yellous Fonda 
Adam Vroman 
Phillip Schuyler 
David Lewis 
Mindert Guisling 
Peter Quacumbus 
Abram: Meebe 
Benj. VanVlack 
Marte Powlisse 
Harma Van Slyck 
Sanders Gelon 
Evert Van Eps 
Arent Van Petten 
John Weemp 
Simon Switzs 
Jacob Switzs 
Mindert Weemp 
Arent Brat 



Freeholders in 1720. 

Issac Borghaert 

Cornells Masse 

Jan Masse 

Barnt Brat 

Jacob Borghaert Junr 

Jacob Visser 

Jacobus Luykasse 

Winegaert 
Johannis Pruyn 
Wessel Tenbroeck 
Peter Winne 

SCHONECTADY. 

Wouter Vroman 
Jno. Baptist Van Epps 
Derrick Brat 
Jan Barentse Wemp 
Barent Vroman 
Jan Vroman 
Gerrit Van Brackell 
Arent Danilse 
Simon Vroman 
Lawrence Chase 
Cornils Vander Volgen 
Abram De Grave 
Daniell Danielse 
Cornells Pootman 
Sam: Hagardoring 
Guisbert Van Brakell 
Volkert Simonse 
Jacob Schermerhorn 
Jacobus Vandyke 
Helmes Vedder 
Arnout De Grave 
Johannis Teller 



Jacob Muller 
Johannis Muller 
Samll : Pruyn 
Reuben Ven Vechten 
Cornlis Switzs 
Guisberl Vandenbergh 
Teirck HarminseVisser 
Tunis Brat 
Peter Walderom 
Rutger Bleecker 
Harpert Vandeusen 



HendrickVrooman Junr Albert Vedder 



Harmanis Vedder 
Dow Aukus 
Johannis Mindertsen 
Adam: Smith 
Abram Trueax 
Rob: Yeats 
Abram : Lythall 
Assweris Marselis 
Abram : Grout 



Derrick Groot 
Gerrit Simonse 
Yealous Van Vost 
Victore Pootman 
Jan Delemont 
Caleb Beck 
Nicholas Schuyler 
Johannis Gelen 
Jacob Gelen 



Carle Hanse Toll 
Daniell Toll 
William Marrinas 
Arent Schermerhorn 
Esays Swaert 
Johannis Vroman 
Andries De Grave 
Joseph Clarnent 
John Bumstead 
Harma Phillipse 
Jereme Thickstone 
Jacob Van Olinda 
Arent Vedder 
Peter Vroman 
Daniell Janse 
Peter Danielse 
Jan Danielse 
Jan Meebe 
Johannis Peek 
Jacobus Peek 
Claes Van Petten 
Cornelis Van Slyck 
Marte Van Slyck 
Cornelis Feele 
Arnout Bra Junr 
Johannis Vedder 
Tunis Vander Volgen 
Claes Van Petten 
Andries Van Petten 
Jan Schermerhorn 
Wouter Swaert 
Arent Pootman 



HendrickVrooman Snor Jesse De Grave 

KENDERHOOK AND PART MANNOR OF LIVINGSTON. 

Jochim Van Valken- Peter Van Alen Derrick Gardineer 

burgh LamertHuyck Peter Van Slyck 

Isaac Fansborough Burger Huyck Jno: Gardineer 

Casper Rouse Johannis Huyck Evert Wieler 



Derrick Go^s 
Peter Fausburgh 
Peter Van Buren 
Jno : Goes 
Mattias Goes 
Luykas Van Alen 
Jacobus Van Alen 
Evert Van Alen 
Johannis Vandeusen 



Freeholders in 1720. 

Cornelis Schermerhorn 
Johannis Van Alen 
Gerrit Dingmans 
Bart. Van Valkenburgh 
Thomas Van Alstine 
Coonrodt Burgaert 
Stephanis Van Alen 
John Burgaert 
Abram -.Van Alstine 



233 

Lawrence Van Schauk 
Elias Van Schauk 
JurieKlaime 
Guisbert Scherp 
Lawrence Scherp 
Hendrick Clawe 
Laniert Valkenburgh 
Melgert Vanderpool 
Lenord Conine 



THE NORTH PART OF THE MANNOR OF LIVINGSTON. 



Robert Livingston Esqr Bastian Spikerman 



Peter Colle 
Killian Winne 
Jan Emmerick Plees 
Hans Sihans 
Claes Bruise 
Jonat : Rees 
Coonrodt Ham 
Coonrodt Schureman 
Johannis Pulver 



Nicolas Smith 
Baltis Auspah 
Jno : Wm : Simon 
Hanse Jurie Prooper 
Abram Luyke 
Broer Decker 
Jurie Decker 
Nicolas Witbeck 



CLAVERACK. 



Tobias Tenbroeck 

Cornelis Mulder 

Cornils Esselstine 

Jeremias Mulder 

Derrick Hogoboom 

Cornelis : Huyck 

Isaac Vandusen 

Jno: Hoose 

George Sidnem 

Richard Moor 

John Harrtyck 

Hendr : Van Salsbergen John Rees 

Jacob Van Hoosem 



Kasper Van Hoosem 
Jan Van Hoosem 
Saml Tenbroeck 
Peter Hogoboom 
Rob: Van Deusen 
Casper Conine 
Frank Hardyke 
Johannis Van Hoofem 
John Bout 
Wm: Halenbeck 
Johannis Coole 



Johannis Uldrigh 
ffitz : Muzigh 
Coonrod Kelder 
David Hooper 
Gabriell Broose 
Solomon Schult 
Jacob Stover 
Johanis Roseman 
Nicos: Styker 



Wm: Rees 
Johannis Scherp 
Andries Rees 
Ghondia Lamafire 
Hendrick Whitbeck 
Jurie Frelts 
Hendrick Lodowick 
Jacob Eswin 
Jurie Jan 
CloudeLamatere 
Nicos: Vanduse Cats 
Kills. 



Mindert Schut 
Wessell Tenbroeck 
Wm: Lefferrese 
Helme Janse 
Saml Van Vechten 
Gerrit Van berghen 
Marte Van berghen 
Frank Salisbury 
Jno Brunk 
Minkas Van Schauk 

Jno: Quacumbus 
Jno : fioort 
Jacob Pearse 
Derrick Brat 



COXHACKY AND CATS KILLS. 

John Albertse Abram: Provoost 

Arent Van Schauk Jacob Halenbeek 

Michael Collier Jno: Caspfrse 

Cornelis Van Wormer Coonrodt Hotlen 

Johannis Halenbeek Philip Conine 

Casper Halenbeek Jno : Vanhoosem 

Jan Van Loan Lenord Brunk 

Albert Van Loan Peter Brunk 

Jno: Van Loan Junr Isaac Spoor 

CANASTIGONIE. 

Maes Rycksen Lapion Kanfort 

Evert Rycksen Cornelis Christianse 

Gerrit Rycksen Eldert Timonse 

Nicholas Van Vranken Jno: Quakenboes Junr 



234 



Freeholders in 1720. 



HALF MOON. 



Peter Ouderkerk 
Jacob Cluit 
John Cluil 
Frederick Cluit 
Sarnl : Creeger 
Derrick Takelsen 
Mattias Boose Snor 
Johannis Christianse 



Saml Doxie 
"Curset Fether 
Johannis Knickbacker 
Derrick Van Vechten 



Jacobus Van Schoonho- Tunis Harminse 



ven 

Evert Van Ness 
Daniell Fort 
Corn'ls Vanburen 
Conelis Van Ness 
Isaac Ouderkerk 
Lavinus Harminse 



Winant Vandenbergh 
Roolif Gerritse 
Hendrick Roolifse 
Jno : De Voe 
Daniel! Van Olinda 
Eldert Ouderkerk 
Cornelis Vandenbergh 



SCHAATKOOKE. 

Johannis DeWandelaer Daniell: Ketlyne 
Simon Danielse Peter Winne 

Martin Delamon Adrian Quacumbus 

Lewis Fele Abram Fort 



COLLONEY RENSELAERS WYCK. 



Wouter Barheyt Solomon Van Vechten 

Johannis Valkenburgh Cap: Hendrick Van 
Jno: Barheyt Renselaer 

Isaac Van Alstine Philip Foreest 

Jacob Schermerhorn Martin Van Alstine 
Jacob Schermerhorn Jr Albert Roolifse 



JanVanWie 
Gerrit Vandenbergh 
Hendr: Dow 
Albert Singerlant 
Evert Banker 
\Vouter Vanderse 



Marte Van Alstine JunrKillian Vanderse 



Johns: Ouderkerk 

Claes Gardineer Jno: Funda Johannis Appel 

Andries Gardinier Derrick Vanderhyden Peter Husyele 

Hend : Valkenburgh Gerrit Vandenbergh Derrick Hagodorn 

Jacob Valkenburgh Albert Brat Andries Brat 

Andries Huyck Cornelis Van Alstine Storm Brat 

Maes Van Buren Johns: Wendell Ome Legrange 

Corn'lis Van Vechten Jan: Van Alstyne Johns: Legrange 

Jonat: Witbeek Adrian Oothout Johonnis Simonse 

Martin Vanburen Peter Coyeman Nicos: Grewsbeek 

Barent Geritse Barent Slaats Jno : Oothout 

Jan Witbeek Andries Coyeman Mindert Marselis 

Jonas Dow Samuell Coyeman Jacob Lansen 

Andries Dow Jno: Witbeek Abram Ouderkerk 

Folcort Dow Coonrod Hooghteeling Peter Schuyler Esqr 

Jno. Van Vechten Storm Backer Abram Wendell 

Gerrit Lansen Jno: Backer William Ketlyne 

Volcort Van Vechten Hendrick Van Wyen Frans Pryn 

Melgert Vandeu,e W r m : Van Alen Jaac Falkenburgh 

Rut Vandeuse Daniell Winne Claes Bovie 

Tho : Witbeek Gerrit Van Wie Phillip Wendell 

Luykas Witbeek 

Pursuant to an Order of Court of Judicature held for the Province of 

New York on the Eleventh Day of June 1720, Directed to Gerrit Van- 
schaick hish Sherif of the City and County of Albany; A Returne of 
the free holders of the said City and County. 

GERRET VANSCHAIJCK Sheriff 



Dutch Church Burials. 



23/5 



DUTCH CHURCH BURIALS. 

The following is a complete copy of a record kept by Barent Brat, 
Clerk of the Dutch Church in the city of Albany, of the burials of 
persons belonging to that church from 1722 to 1757. The original book 
is in the library of the late Hon. Harmanus Bleecker, of which a copy 
has been taken by Mr. S. V. Talcott. These burials were made in the 
church yard on Beaver street, now occupied by the Second Dutch Church. 
The record is the more valuable since the usual memorials of the church 
yard are obliterated. 

22 Collo. Pieter Schuylef 

Feb. 16 Theunis Brat was buried Mch It Philip Splank's child* 

18 Maria Cuyler da of Abram* 20 Christoffel Abeel's child 

24 Young' child, da. of B aberrik 23 Claes Fonda's child 

Mch 23 Callyna Van Benthuysen Apl 7 Jaquernynna Mase 

Apl 17 Clara Lang's son John 9 Schiebolet Bogardus' child 

May 8 Susana Brat, my grandmother, 15 Hend. Cuyler 

Augt 25 Mattys Vlensburgh's child 
Nov Johs. Van der Heyd's child 
Deer 12 Epharim Borgardus' child 

1725 
Jany 9 Banit Egberise's wife 

13 Egbert Brat's child 

Feb 2 Jacob Beeckman's child 

Feb 6 Tobyas Ryckman's child 

9 Tierck Visscher* 

10 Job's Ten Broeck's child 

1U Claes Fonda's child 

17 Benjamin Egbertsen's child 

18 Hend. Halenbeek's child 

20 Abram Lansingh's child 
26 Gerrit Lansing's child 

Mch 29 Gose Van Schayck 
Apl 6 Jacob Bogert 

Egbert Brat's child 
17 Gose Van Schayck' s child 

21 Robert Levingston* 
May 3 Pieter Waldrum 

Isaac Fonda's child 
4 Cornelia Van de Heyden 
June 8 Femmetie da: of Cornells Swilts 

14 Johs Dpyster's child* 

31 Nicholaes Groesbeek's child 
July 26 Isaac Fryer's child 
Augt 2 Benjamin Brat's child was buried 

by Rut Van Woort 
8 Daniel Vlensburgh's child 

24 Daniel Vlensburgh 

25 Philip Splank's child* 
30 Volckerk Van Hoesen* 

Octr 3 Tryniie wife of Deely 
Nov 12 Jan Gerrelz* 

14 Gerret B Van den Bergh's child 
was buried at Papskinee 

26 Jan Cluectt was burried at Nis- 

kayawene 
Deer 17 Cornells Van Dyck's child 

19 Claes Fonda's child 



June 25 
30 

Augt 3 
15 
17 
19 

Sept 16 

Octr 1 

3 

8 

15 

21 

22 

24 

Novr IS 
19 
20 

Deer IS 
23 

Febr 7 
22 

Meh 

Apl 10 

25 

June 9 

July 21 

Sept 17 

18 

24 

Octr 15 

27 

Novr 21 
Deer 18 

Jany 1 
Feb 19 



1722 

Theunis Brat was buried 
Maria Cuyler da of Abram* 
Young- child, da. of B aberrik 
Callyna Van Benthuysen 
Clara Lang's son John 
Susana Brat, my grandmother, 

was buried in the church by 

Rut Van Woert 
GrtieKillys 
Cornel is Bogert 's son 
Job's Beekman's Jr. child 
Gysbert Van de Berg's child 
Willem H. Van de Berg's child 
Thunis Egberts' child 
Jonethan Rombelie 
Jacob Roseboom's child 
Mallie Van Renselaer 
Albert Ryckman's son Albert 
Solomon Goewy's child 
Ileiul. T. Eyck 
Myndert Roseboom 
Phylip Livingston's child* 
Abram Van Armen's 
Pieler van Dresen's child* 
Antie van Eivere* 
Maria Roseboom's daughter 
Willem Groesbeeck 

17-23. 

Daniel Flensburgh's child 
Jannetie Dunbar was buried in 

the English Church 
Wynant C Van de Bergh's child 
Johannes De Venda'aer's child 
Rut Van Woen'.s child 
A French child was buried by 

John Sharp 
Hend Cuyler's child 
Jacob Roseboom's child 
Anna Marytie Carsten 
David Schuyler's wife Annatie 
Therck Harrnese [Visscher] wife 

Femmetie 

Abram Laasingh's son 
Mattys de Garmo's child 
Jacobus Lychasse's child 

1724 

Harmanis Schuyler's child 
Hend rick Hanse* 



* This mark denotes that the person was buried under the church ; a privilege which 
was allowed to such as were willing to pay for it. 



236 



Dutch Church Burials. 



1726. 
Janry 22 An Englishman's child 

27 Egbert Brat's child 
Febry 1 Elisabeth Rosie* 
Mch 22 Everte Jacobse Eel's child 

29 Peter Ryckman's wife 
May 27 Labreyh Redlif's child 

30 Antony S. Van Schayck's child 
July 12 Gose Van Schayck Jr's child 
Augt 25 Johs Becker's wife 

Septr 3 Johs Becker's child 
4 Johs Dfreest's child 

11 Jacob Rose boom's child 
Oclr 17 Salomon Goewerk's wife 

20 Jeremie Penmtrton's child 
Novr 1 Arent Pruyn's child 

2 Tams Pruyn Jrs. child 
8 Evert Janse was buried in the 
Lutheren Church 

1727. 
Janry 5 Myndert Marselis' child 

19 Andrirs Witbeeck Jr. child 

23 Samuel Pruyn's daughter* 
Mch 6 Evert Wendell's child* 

12 Gerret Roseboom's daughter* 

24 Johannes Mnller 

May 26 Jacob Van der Heyden's child 

27 Tobias Ryckman's child 
Jan Maasen's child 

30 Jan Milten's wife 

31 Janetie Van Aelstyne 

June 2 Elsie Winne Jr. daughter of 

Frans Winne 
10 Rabecka Fonda 
12 Sara Greveraedt 
July 12 Hendk Ridder's child 
Augt 1 Mattys Flinsburgh's child 
6 Ephrim Wendell's child 
10 Jacob Mulder's child 

12 Thunts Van den Bergh 

13 Philyp Dforeest 
Sept 3 Han's Hanse's child 

Nicolaes Groesbeek's child 
4 Tarn Flyt's mother-in-law 

12 Thunis Slingerland's child 
10 Jacobus Luychasse 

16 Evert Janse's child 

18 Abram Van der Poel's infant 

25 Barent Barhyt's child 
Octr 2 Catharina Lydius* 

13 Catlynna wife of Johs G Lansing 
Frans Pruyn's little child 

Novr 26 Cornel us Cuyler's little child 
Deer 2 Johs Van der 'Heyden's child 

1728. ' 

Janry 31 Willem Waldrum's little child 
Feb 11 Maria wife of John Everts 
Ryck Magsilse 

26 Jan Lansingh* 

Mch 7 Sybrand Quackenbos' child 

28 Jurian Hogan's child 

May 6 Elsje Winne mother of Pieter 

27 Cornelus Van Schurhyuse 

29 Pieter son of Pieter Waldrum 
June 27 Leena wife of Herpert Van 

Deusen 



July 11 Engeltie wife of Melgert Abra- 

hamse 

Augt 4 Jan Maase's little child 
20 Lowis Schredel's child 
Sept 9 Harmen Van Hoesen's child 
27 Johs Lansing Jrs child 

Jeramias Schuyler's child 
Octr 5 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu- 
ried at the flats 
Novr 10 Johs Wendell's little son was 

buried at the flats 
Deer 7 Philyp Wendall's son John 

14 Pieter Schuyler's daughter was 

buried at the flats 
17 Isaac Wendell's little son was 

buried at the flats 
30 Nicolaes Groesbeeck's wife 

1729. 
Janry 13 Capt. Johannis Wendell was 

buried at the flats 
14 Johs Frest's little child 
Febry 6 Hans Hansen's little child 

20 Moses 

26 Isaac Verplank daughter Abigel 
Mch 12 Gerit Ryckse's daughter Alyda 

29 Aelyda Schuyltr 

June 13 Abram Ouderkerk's child 

21 Johs Bleeker Jr. litlie son 
Mattys Van den Bergh's child 

buried at Papsknee 
24 Willm Grennie's child 

30 Elizabeth Muller's child 
July 7 Jacob Eghemond's child 

13 Johs E. Wendell's child 
16 Dirck Ten Broeck's child* 

23 Anna Witbeeck daughter of 

Tamas Willms 
26 Roeslif Kidnie's child 
Augt 13 Johs Schoonmaker's child was 

buried at Papsknie 
18 Pieter Winne's little son 
Septr 13 Anna Brat was buried in the 

church by Rut. Van Woert 
Octr 1 Johs Van Zante's child 
12 Hendrick Benneway 
22 Roelif Kidney's child 
Novr 24 Johs de Foreest's child 
28 Christiena Ten Broeck* 
Deer 7 Gosen Van Schayck's child 

1730 
Feb 1 Maritie Schermerhorn 

1 1 Egbert Barentsen's child 

14 Douwe Fonda's child 

15 Harpert Van Deusen's child 

16 Andries Gardenier's two children 
Mch 7 Adam Van den Bergh's child 

15 Samuel Cregeer's child 
April 8 NanninghVischer 

9 Jacob Lansingh's child 

12 Dirck Van Scharluyne's child 
May 8 Johannis Schoonmaker was bu- 
ried at Papsknee 

22 Joseph Yats 
June 2 Epharim Wendell's child 

22 Dirck Van Schurluyne's wife 
July 13 Huybertie Yaets 



Dutch Church Burials. 



237 



* 18 Jacob Thunnise Van Woert 
Agt 1U Isaac Greveraet's child* 
Septr 5 Solomon Goewyck's child 
5 Isaac Greveraet's child* 
8 Thomas Wendell 
10 Elisabeth Lansingh 
16 Marielie Tymese was buried at 

Nistagayoene 

Octr 5 Jeramiah H. Van Renselaer 
13 Jacobus Redlif's child 
4 Jacob Alestyn 



Nov 
Deer 



Jan 

Feb 



Mch 

Apl 

May 



July 



Augt 



23 Neeltie Van Schayck 
7 Katie Van Rensselaer 
28 Jan Kasperse 
Claes Luyckasse 
Joseph Yates child 
1731. 

4 Jan Oothoudt Jrs. child 

5 Alida V.Vechten (wifeof Sol'n?) 

5 Ryner Myndertse's son Reynier 
9 Evert Ryckse's son Rychert 

14 Johs Dpeyster's child* 

27 Mr. Ellet's child 

30 Peter Fonda's child 

14 Willem Vischer 

15 Johs. Migael* 

1 Chatriena Van den Bergh 

6 Thomas Witbeck buried at 

Papsknee 

June 22 Rutger Van Dusen buried at 
Papskuee 

28 Abraham Kipp 

1 Nicolaes Van Arlen 

2 Doctr Epharim Wendell was 

buried at the flats 

5 Mattys Flen.sburgh's child 

6 Chattrina D Poorest 

19 Abram Van Armen's child 

21 Elbert Gerritse's wife Marytie 

22 Hendrick Ridder's child. 
June 28 Johs Quackenbos' child 
Augt 23 Uldrick Van Franke's child 
Sept 4 Hans Hansen's child 

8 Willem Jacobsen VanDeusen 

10 Harmen Van Vechten's child 
28 Jan Salomonse 

Oct 1 4 Gerrit C. Van den Bergh 

22 John Olyfer [Oliver?] Jr. 
Nov 2 Willem Rediif's child 

11 William Crennel's child 
14 Willim Redlifs little son 

16 Thunis Vischer's Isaac 

20 Johs. Lansingh's daughter 

21 Hendrick Halenbeck's child 

22 Hans Hansen's daughter 

23 Jacob Egmond'stwo children 
27 Myndert Marselis' child 

27 Ephraim Wendell's child 

28 David Van Dyck's child 

28 Harpert Van Deusen's daughter 

28 Pieter Ryckman's child 

30 Wynant C. Van de Bergh's 

child 
Dec 7 Meyndert Marselis' daughter 

7 Jer. Pemmerton's little son 



12 Hester Swits' son 

12 Johs. Seger's two little girls 

12 Gerit Van Zanten's child 

14 Jellis de Garmo's child 

15 Harmanus Wendell* 

15 Jacob Masen's child 

16 Johs. Hun's little son 

17 Johs. Schuyler's Jr. little son 

was buried at the flats 

17 Bettie Danielse' little son 

18 Symon Veeder's little child 

18 Mattys Dgamo's little child 

19 Isaac Greveraet's child* 

20 Thunis Egbertse's child 

21 AbrahamVandePoel's daughter 

23 Johs G. Lansingh's child 

24 Harmen Van Hoesen's little son 

25 David Van der Heyden's child 

25 Pieter Fonda's 

26 Stephanis V. Renselaer's child 

27 Anthony Bret's child 
27 Johs. Vischer's child 

27 David V. Dyck's 

28 Johs Goewyck's child 

30 Dirck Ten Broeck's Anna* 
30 Leendert Gansevoort's two chil- 
dren 
30 Abraham Ouderkerk's daughter 

30 Jacob B. Ten Eyck's child 

31 Gerit W. Van den Bergh's child 
31 Magiel Besset's child 

1732. 
Janry 3 Maria Gerritse's little son* 

3 David Groesbeeck's child 

4 Benjamin Egbertse's daughter 
6 Isaac Bogart's little son* 

6 Hendk Roseboom's child 
6 Daniel Hogan's child was buried 
by R. Beeckman 

6 Jan Brouyn 

7 Johs. Hun's daughter 

8 Wouter Barheyt 

8 Jacob Wendell's child was bu. 
ried at Greenbush 

12 Johs A. Cuyler's child* 

13 Albert Brat was buried at the 

flats 

14 Johs. Ten Broeck's child was 

buried at Greenbush 

15 Willem Waldrum's daughter 

16 Isaac Swits' little son 

17 Epharim Bogardus' child 

19 Andries Witbeck Jrs. child 

20 Hendk. Cuyler's little son 

22 Gerit Van Nes' daughter 

23 David Groesbeeck's child 
25 Isaac Swits' daughter 

25 Johs. Ten Broeck's little son was 
buried at Greenbush 

25 Hendrick Bries's son was buried 

at Papsknee 

26 Abram Witbeck's child 

26 Dirck Ten Broeck's little son* 
28 Johs Bleecker Jrs. daughter 
28 Gerrit Marselis' child 



238 



Dutch Church Burials. 



29 Jobs. Ten Broeck's child was 

buried at Greenbush 
31 Matte wis Van Deusen's child 
Feb 1 Gerrit C. Van Den Bergh's child 

was buried at Papsknee 
6 Hendrick T. Eyck's little son 

20 Nicolaes Bleecker's child 

27 Jobs Symonse Veeder's daugh. 

ter* 

Mch 10 Pieier Schuyler's child was bu- 
ried at the flats 

21 Arieje Oothout's daughter 

27 Johs Vischer's daughter was 

buried at Hogebergh 
April 6 Johs J. Beeckman's child 

6 Hendrick Bries' child was buried 

at Papsknee 

25 Willem Teller's wife Catrina 
May 18 Ryckie, wife of Abr. Lansing 

20 Hendrick H. Roseboom's child 
27 Jer. Pemmerton's two children 

June 9 Johs Dforiest's child 

14 Johs Dpeysler's child* 
July 12 Abraham Lansing Jrs child 
Agt 19 A man was buried by Johs Se- 

gers by order of the Mayor 
Sept 30 Johs Beeckman 
Octr 15 Antony Brat's child 
Novr 12 Migul Besset's child 

17 Johs J. Beeckman's child 

24 Jan Janse Bleecker* 
Deer 9 Salomon Goewey's child 

11 Freedk Myndertse's wife 

11 Maragrieta Corneel 

21 Jobs. Schuyler Jrs child was bu- 

ried at the flats 

29 Johs. D Foreest's children 
31 Elsje Sanders 
1733 

Jan 11 Isaac Bogert's little child 
23 Isaac Bogart's little child 
31 Barent Staets' daughter was bu- 
ried at the Hogebergh 
Feb 9 Coenraet Becker 

16 Sarah Roseboom was buried 

daughter of Jacob Roseboom 
Mch 3 Marrtie Van Alen 

13 Pieter Fonda's child 

21 Gelyn Splank's child 

April 8 Coenraet Rechtmayor's wife 

14 Maes Van Buren was buried at 

Schoodack 

22 A bra Wyngart's wife 
May 4 Mallie Leedyus* 

June 2 Ephram Wendel's child 
July 4 Antony Bogardus' son 
Agt 12 Jan Winne 
Septr 18 Barent Egbertse's daughter 
Octr 25 Rychert Hanse's wife* 
29 Maragrietie Bleecker* 

1734 
Jan'y 8 Jannetje Bogert, [wife Jacob C.] 

17 Aeltie Van Nes buried at the 

Halfmoon 
Febry 12 William Redlif 



March 4 Hend'k Bunsen's child 

17 Philip Van Vechten's wife 
17 Jobs Dpeyster's child* 
20 Elizabeth Banckers 
20 Ragcl Hoogkerke's child 

April 11 Catharin Cuyler* 

14 Geertruy Van Scherluyne 

24 Willemhelmus V. de Bergh's 

child 

May 25 Jacob Egmond 
June 23 Johs Van Vechten was buried 

at Papsknee 
July 10 Evert Banker 
Agt 10 Dom Van Schie's child* 

11 Nich Bieecker's Jr. child 

12 Ryck Hanse's child* 

12 Gysbert Roseboom's child 

19 Judick Hoogkerke 

27 Johs Dforetst's child 

28 Jannetje Ciregeer was buried at 

Nisceauna 
Sept 1 Jobs Seegers child 

1 Ephar. Wendel's daughter Su- 

sannah 

2 Jer: Pemmerton's child 

4 Harmen Vechten's child 

5 Benjamin Whine's child 

G Cornells Van Dyck's little son 

12 Isaac Swits' child 

13 Volkert V. Den Bergh's child 

15 Claes Fonda's little son 

17 SiephanusVanRenselaer's child 

20 Nicholas Van Schayck's child 
22 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu- 
ried at the flats 

Oct 8 Jacob T. Eyck's little child 

22 Johs. Ten Broeck's child 
Novr 10 Fredk Myndertse's daughter 

15 Cornelia Van Scbarluyn 

Deer 5 Gerret B. Van den Bergh's child 

18 David A- Sohuyler's little sou* 

1735 
Febry 5 Maria wife of P. Wendel 

11 Nedt Broon Servant of Jef: 

[Mrs?] Livingston 

16 Jacob Staats 

Mch 5 Ruben Van Vechte 
16 John Muward 

A pi 12 Isaac Van Allsteyn's child 

May Tomas Serp's child 

June 9 Dirck Brat was buried by Rut 
Van Wie 

July 2 Thunis Frelin's child 

Augt 27 Pieter Livingston's child was bu- 
ried at the flats 

Octr 12 Volkert Ootbout's child 

27 Cornells Van Beuren's little son 
was buried at Papsknee 

Novr 3 Hendk. H. Roseboom's child 

12 Catryn Fyn 

16 Jhs De Peyster's little child* 
21 Cornelia Quackenbos 
21 Jobs Wynsjart's child 
Deer 3 Zacharias Sixkel's child 

9 Sybrant Van Schayck's child 



Dutch Church Burials. 



239 



14 Nicholas Engelspreeker 

20 Elsje Wendell daughter of Philip 

1736. 
Jan. 12 Turryan Hogen's child 

18 Michael Besset's child 
26 Gerrit Lansing 

Mch 2 Geertie Ten Eyck 
Apl 8 Jobs Cloet's child 

10 Daniel Husen's child 

May 13 Catharina daughter of Catie Van 

Schaick 

June 23 David Groesbeeck's child 
July 5 Willem Hogen's wife 
5 Johs Dforeesl's rhild 
9 Pieler Livington's child was bu. 

ried at the flats 
29 Gose Van Schaick 
Augt 23 Nicholas Bleeeker's child 
Sept 28 Cornelis C. Van den Bergh's 

child 

Octr 4 Thunis Fiele's child 
5 Marytie Mingael* 

11 Jonas Douw was buried at 

Greenbush 

25 Willem Waldrum's child 
Nov 7 Jacobus Schuyler's child was 
buried at the hogeberg 

19 Rychart Hansen's -little son* 

24 Isaac Wendell's child was bu- 

ried at the flats 

29 Dominie. Van Schie's child* 
Deer 2 Thomas Sherp's child 

1737 
Jan 12 Albert Ryckman was buried by 

Egbert Brat 
23 Hans Hansen's little son Pieter 

25 David Groesbeeck's little son 
Feb 4 Antony Van Schaick 

Mch 22 Robt Dunbar's child 

26 Edward Holland's wife was bu- 

ried in the English church 
Apl 23 Bastiaen Vischer 
May 28 Jacob Bogart's daughter 
June 5 Johs Scuyler's wife* 
July 2 Migal Besset's son 

26 George hipkms [?] was buried 

in the English church 

27 Gerret J. Lansing's child 
Agt 2 Muttys Vander Heyden's child 

3 The sister of Wm Tellers wife 
11 Dirck Ten Broeek's little son* 

18 Johs. Ouderkerk's child 

28 Abram Fonda's child 

29 Jolis Dforeest's child 
Septr 3 Adam Yates' child 

16 Domine Van Schie's child 

19 Dirck Hun's little daughter 
19 Sy brant Quackenbos' child 

Octr 4 Jacobus V. Valkenbergh's child 
10 Nellie daughter of D. Ryckman 

Novr 1 Jan Rosie* 

19 Benjamin Brats daughter was 

buried by [Oliver?] 
29 Wouter Knickerbacker's child 



17 Douwe Fonda's child 

1738 
Jan 16 Gerret Van Benthuysen's wife 

18 Killian Whine's child 

Feb 3 Dom : Petrus Van Driesen* 

14 Cornelis Claseii was buried in 

his Orchard 

12 Migael Basset's child 
June 5 Coenraet Rechtmayor's child 
6 Gerret Van Benthu'isen's child 
9 Mattys Van der Heyden's child 

22 Barent Sanders wife* 
25 Johs Dforeest's child 

Augt 25 Elsje Lansing 

25 Hendk Bidder's child 

26 Nicolas Bleecker's child 
Sept 17 Hend M. Roseboem's child 

23 Jacobus Kidnie's child 

27 .'an Van Alstyn 
Octr 13 Dirck Vander Heyclen 

17 Neeltie Ryckman was buried by 
Antony Brat 

17 Hend'k H. Roseboom's child, do 
Novr 7 Casparus Van Geveren 
Deer 2 Abram Vosbergh's child 

3 John Van Ostrande's child 
12 Jenneke Blyckers 

23 Job's Bleecker* 

26 Gerritie Draeyers* 

31 Jacob B- Ten Eyck's child 

1739 

Jan 4 Willem Hogen's child 
Feb 2 Teunis Egbertse's child 

2 Dominie Van Schie's child* 
Jan 4 Johs Van Schayck's child 
Mch 12 Johs Van Vechte Jrs. child 

23 Jacob Beeckman 
Apl 7 Dircktie Vischer was buried by 

Rut Van Woert 

May 9 Jacob Glen's daughter* 
June 3 Geurt Benneway's child 
8 Mattys Flensburgh 

8 Adrieaen Brat's child 
July 10 Hannah Flensburgh 

14 Jacobus Redlif's child 

15 Hendrick Oottiout 
Agt 7 Fredk Vischer's wife 

21 Rychart Hansen's child 

22 Gerret Ja Lansing's child 

22 Johs Wyngart's child 

23 Johs Douw's child 

26 Wouter Knickerbacker's child 
26 Abram Van Deusen's child 
Sept 1 Abram Van Deusenjs child 

9 Abram Lansingh's'servant Johs 
23 David Van der Heyden's son 

Nanningh 
Octr 3 Leendt Gansvoort's da. Maria 

4 Egbert Bart Egbertse's child 
15 Theunis Eabertse's child 

21 Johs Van Rensselaer's child was 

buried at Greenbush 
23 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu. 
ried at the flats 



240 



Dutch Church Burials. 



26 Sybrat A. V. Schaick's little da. 
Novr 12 David A. Schuyler's child 

16 Susanna wife of Johs Symonse* 
19 Jacob Glen's child* 

27 Thomas Scherp's daughter 
Deer 18 Johs E Wendell 

12 Aeltie Oothout 

22 Giertie Lansing* 

21 Gerrit Roseboom 

31 Johs Van Schaick's child 

1740 
Jan 4 Anthony Van Dyck 

9 Jacobus Groesbee.-k's child 
16 Cornells Van Dyck's two daugh- 
ters 

19 Billy Sixberry 

20 Harm. B. Vischer's child 
Feb 12 Freedk Myndertse 

25 Hendk Bidder's little child 
Apl 1 Anna widow of Billy Sixberry's 

child [i. e Billy's child] 
27 Gerret Brat's wife 
29 Johs Maselis' child 
May 12 Antony Van Schaick's da. Elsie 
June 8 Gysbert Marselis was buried by 
Daniel Brat 

24 Claes Van Schayck's wife 

23 Jan Fonda 
July 4 Hendk Renselaer 

12 Pieler Van Brugh* 

22 Johs Schuyler* 

22 Adriaan Brat's child 

23 Isaac Greverael's child 
Augt 10 Abram Bogarl's sister 

12 Gerrit Teunisse Van Vechten's 

child was buried at Papsknee 

21 Johs De Forest's child 

25 Tjrck Swits 

Septr 30 Barent Van Beuren's child was 

buried at Papsknee 
5 Migal Besset's child 
19 Jacobus Redlif's child 
Octr 23 Marte Van Buren was buried 

near his own house 
Novr 3 Gerrit Johs Lansing's child 
29 Volkert N. Douw's child 

1741 

Jan 10 Johs Redlif's wife Selia 
27 Gerrit Ja Lansingh's wife 
29 Harpert Jacobse's son Gerret 
Feb 5 Elisabeth daughter of Catie Van 

Schayck 
5 Luychas Hooghkerk Jrs child 

13 Luychas Hooghkeerk's child 

26 Johs Beeckman 
Mch 6 Pieter Garmo 

9 Mattys Van der Heyden's child 
13 Luychas Hooghkerk 
Apl 3 Sara Schuylers was buried near 

her residence by P. Schyuler 
9 Maragrietie daughter of Maria 

Roseboom 
13 Thomas Scherp's son Tomie 

24 Anna Sixberry daughter of Johs 

Redlef 



June Abram Van Arnem's daughter 
28 Johs Schuyler Jrs daughter was 

buried at the flats 
July Hendk Halenbeeck's little child 

was buried by 
8 Gerrit Benneway 

10 Maria Roseboom 

12 Anna Van Schayck 
22 Johs Douw's child 
24 Johs Schuyler Jrs child was bu- 
ried at the flats 

Augt 12 Volkert N. Douw's child 
15 Robert Lansingh's child 
Beeckman 
Andries Brat's child 
Octr 6 Dirk Hun's child 

15 Coenraet Ten Eyck's daughter 

Catrina 
Novr 1 Thomas Willem's son Philip 

6 John Schuyler Jur. was buried 

at the flats 
Deer 1 Douwe Js Fonda's child 

12 Hans Eversen was buried at the 

Lutheran Church 
19 Arieaentie Wendell* 

1742 

Jan 6 Melchert A. Van Deusen was 
buried at Papsknee 

8 Dirck Martin's wife and child 
15 Angenectie Schot widow her 

child 
May 6 Obedia Coeper 

11 Sara Van Bruga* 

28 Johs Jacobuse Lansingh's wife 
June 16 Matty Van der Heyden's child 
July 6 Harpert Jacobse Van Deusen* 

7 Jacob Maasen's child 

8 Maria Van Dyck 

15 Johs Van Vechten was buried 

at Papsknee 
3 Jan Brat's child 
27 Johs Beeckman's servant 
31 Anna Van Woert 
Agt 5 Jolis Van Vechte's child 
6 Johs Van Goesen's child 

9 Willem Waldrum's child 

12 Jacob H. Ten Eyck's child 
Sept Zacharias Haes' child 

6 Hester Wendell 

19 Gerrit Ja Lansingh's child 
Oct 9 Johs Van Schayck's child 

15 Kiliaen Van Ranselaer's child 

24 Catriena Engelsprucker 
Novr 28 Abram Splank 

5 Debora Hansen* 

7 Dominie Berly was buried in the 

English church 

9 Johs Douw's child 

Deer 24 Voynlie wife of Andries Brat 

25 Johs P. Witbeck 

1743 
Jan 7 Maria Gansevoort 

27 Wynant Van den Bergh'sdaugh- 

ter Volkie 
Feb 13 Philip Wendell 



Dutch Church Burials. 



241 



15 Robert Sanders' wife* 
Mch 4 Catharina Van Ness 

9 Antony S. Van Schayck's wife* 

9 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu- 

ried at the flats 

27 Catlymie wife of Gerret Van 

Ness 

28 Marytie Van Schayck 

Apl 19 Antony Van Schayck's daughter 
Catriena 

21 Evert Sixberry's child 
May 24 Robert Lansing's child 

30 Chatie Salomoiise 
June 5 Gerrit Van Nes' child 

5 Johs D. Van der Heyden's child 

20 Jacob Schermerhorn Jr was bu- 

ried at Papsknee 
July 10 Johs Eversen's child 
Agt 4 Gerret Ja Lansingh's wife 

11 Barent Van Ceuren's wife was 

buried at Papsknee 
15 Antony Van Yveren's child 

19 Benumen Whine's child 

22 Jacobus RedliPs child 

26 Abram Wit beck's child 

31 Mattys Van der Heyden's two 

children 
Sept 6 Johs Van Zante's wife 

Antony Van der Zee's child 
Oct 1 Vullenpie Brat was buried by 

Rut Van Woert 
9 Wouter Knickerbacker's child 

21 Johs H Wendell 

24 Abraham Ouderkerk 
Novbr 1 Robert Sander's child* 

3 Jacob Van Ruize Voert's child 
13 Gertie, daughter of Coenraet Ten 

Eyck 
21 Henderick Gerritz's child 

27 David Groesbeek's child 
Deer 3 Johs Redlif 's daughter 

6 Thomas Coeper's child 

10 Gerrel W. Van den Bergh's child 
13 Stephanus Van Renselaer's son 

25 Joseph Redlif 's child 

1744. 
Jan 4 Wouier Groesbeek's child 

5 Dirck De Garmo 

6 Barent Jans Brat 

8 Isaac Frelin's liitle son 

13 Harmen Gansevort's child 

Rensselaer 

Febry 7 Dortie Halenbeeck was buried in 
the Lutheran grave yard 

14 Wilhelmus Ryckman's child 
Mar 2 Gerrit Van Sehoonhoven's wife, 

Lutheran 

3 Antony Van der Zee's child 

4 Harmanus H. Wendell's child 

7 Johs M. Flinsburgh's child 
April 17 Antony Bogardus 

20 Gerrit Johs Lansingh's child 

23 Cornells Rulder 

30 Pieter Coeyman was buried on 
Barren Island 



May 2 Cornelis Van den Bergh's child 
June 6 James Stievenson's wife* 
3 Johs Douw's child 

17 Jan Cell's child 

19 Isaac Frelen's child 

23 Johs Lansingh's wife 
July 8 Johs Van Yeveren's child 

9 Isaac Halenbeck's child 
13 Johs Van Wie's child 
17 Stephanus Groesbeck 
31 Antony Van der Zee's wife 
Augt 9 Benjamin Bogart's child 

10 Wouter Groesbeek's child 

11 Johs Jacobse Eversen 

13 Susanna Van den Bergh, wife 

of Cornelis Clasen 
16 Dom: Cornelis Van Schie* 
16 Gerrit W. Van den Bergh's child 
16 Jacob Van Woert's little son 

24 Harmen Vischer* 

25 Antony's Van der Zee's child 

26 Tobyas Ryckman's wife 
23 Jan Van Arnem's child 
29 Nicolas Blecker Jr's child 

31 Abraham H. Wendell's child 
Septr 2 I*aac Greveraet's child 
15 Bille Bronly's child 

26 Johs Brat's child 

Oct 6 Johs Van Aelen's wife 

14 Cornelis Van Alstyn's child 
Novbr 2 John Ouderkerk's children 

5 Pieter Fonda's wife 
Deer 8 Willem Hogen's 

14 Hendk Van Wie's child 
23 Hendrick Van Wie's wife 
23 Pieter Van Aelen's child 

1745. 

Jany 6 Jacob R. Van Woert's child 
22 Harme B Visscher's child 

25 Johs Roseboom* 
Febry 5 Johs Oothout 

15 Isaac Ouderkerk's child 
Mar 16 Teunis Slingerland's wife 
April 6 Sauna, da. of Pieter Van Woret 

27 Wilhelmus Ryckman's child 
May 8 Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (the 

Patroon) 

12 Jacob, son of Abram Lansing 
June 4 Gerret Van Zanl's child 

5 Ned Hock's child 
18 Hendk Van Hoesen's child 
20 Abraham Lansingh 
July 3 Joseph Van Zante's wife 

3 Jacob Wendell's child 

22 Johs Boom, a high Dutchman 

23 Gerrit d'Ridder's child 
Augt 4 Dirk Wyt's child 

18 Stephanub Van Rensselaer's da. 
22 Cristoffell Abeel's child 

26 Johs Dpeyster's little son* 

27 David Groesbeek's daughter 
Septr 1 Catlymie, da. or wife of Johs 

Ja Lansing 

4 Hendk, son of David A. Schuy- 

ler 



242 



Dutch Church Burials. 



5 Jacob Wendell was buried at 

Greenbush 

6 Scheeboleth Bogardus's Eph'm 
6 Jeramee Schuyler's daughter 

was buried at the flats 
10 Isaac Hansen's child 
10 Gerrit Brat's child 
13 Johs De Foreest's little son 
Septr 14 Geradus Groesbeek's child* 
16 Johs, son of Isaac Lansingh 

16 John Courtney's child 

17 Hendk Cosier* 

19 Saimaka Wendell, da. of Johs 
Van 

19 Sybrant Gert Van Schaick's da. 

22 Johs Ja Lansigh's child 
Octbr 2 Cornells Cuyler's child* 

5 Mr. Cateris's child was buried in 
the English church 

5 Abram Js Fonda's child 

6 Gerrit G Lansingh's wife 

20 Johs Douw's little child 

28 Johs Ja : Everson's child 

29 Jacob Hansen's child 

Novbr 8 Geertruy Van Vechte was buried 
in the Patroon's vault 

15 Elizabeth Wendell was buried 
at the fiats. 

17 Barent Staats Jr's son 

21 Walraven Cloet's son 

21 Arent Siingerland's child 

28 Benumen Hitten's child 

30 Asueros Rosebopm's wife 
Deer 4 Mad alena Lansingh 

5 Sander Van \V oert's child 

12 Debora Beeckman 

19 Eysabell Staats* 

22 Mattys Van den Bergh 

23 Daniel Whine Jr's child 

1746. 
Janry 11 David Van Zante's wife 

20 Lammerl Kool's child 

21 Jacob Muller's daughter 

26 Johannis Marselis was buried by 
Daniel Brat 

29 Johs Yates's child 

Feb 14 Tomas Coeper's little child 
Mar 8 Wailoven Cloet's daughter 

20 Gerret Van Wie's wife was bu. 

ried by his house 

April 1 Maria Van Hoesen in the Lu- 
theran church 
1 Son of Jacob Fort 

10 Jacob Van der Heylen 

11 Wife of Harme Van Hoesen at 

the Lutheran church 
11 Daughter of Jacob Fort 

13 Litile son of Jan Van Arnem 

14 Wife of Johannes Cuyler* 

15 Child of Wouter Js Groesbeck 

16 Jacoo Glen* 

21 Willem Groesbeck 

23 Harmen Van Vechten 
27 Child of Abram Fort 
May 1 Rychart Van Frauke 



3 Gysbert Van Alstyii 
12 Martynis C. Van Alstyn 
12 Jacob Van Ye veren 

12 Barent Van Y veren 

1-2 Son ol Ryner Van Y veren 

13 Child of Levynis Winne 

15 Johas Rynr Van Yveren 

16 Jacob C Ten Eyck's child 
19 Fredk Ruyter Jr 

26 John Lagrange's wife 
30 Johs Roelfise's daughter 
June 1 Philip Ruyter 

1 Michiel Bessel's child 

2 Son of Bobbert Wendell 

15 Daughter of Philip Winne 

17 Child of Adam Yates 

19 Wife of Jochem Van der Heyden 
24 Thierk Beeckman 

24 Geertruy, da. of Mich. Groesbeck 
24 Little child of Gerret G. Lansingh 

26 Gerret, son of Johs Rolifsen 

28 Abram Fielie 

29 Theunis Slingerland 

30 Annata, wife of Dirck Wyt 

30 Nicolas Js. Groesbeck 
July 1 Wife of Jan de Voe 

6 Isaac Van Aelstyn 

8 Child of Thunis Fiele 
10 Child of Abram Gardenier 
13 Hendrick Brat 

16 Child of Willem Ryckman 
23 Child of David Van Zante 
23 Evert Bogardus 

27 Geradus [K]loedt 
~ 27 Jan de Voe 

29 Child of Franciskis Lansing 

20 Debora, da. of Hendk H. Rose- 

boem 

20 Wife of Lymon Vedder 

31 Child of Evert Sieger 
31 Harme Bogardus 

Aug 1 Gerrit Ja Lansingh 

1 Child of Abram Finhagen 

2 Child of Johs Beeckraan 

2 Son of Johs Sieger 

3 Elsie, da. of Jacob Lansingh 
5 Daughter of Johs D'Foreest 

5 Wendell, son of Evert Wendell 

6 Wife of Zacharias Sischel 

6 Child of Sylvand Van Schayck 

7 Child of Michael Bessett 

8 Child of Hendk Fonda 

9 Child of Jacobus Wilton 
12 Child of Johs Van Vechte 

12 Daughter of Jesse. D'Foreest 

12 Jacob, son of Johs D'Garrn 

13 Child of Johs Slingerland 

14 Barent Vrooman 

15 Hendk H Roseboom 

16 Sylfrand H. Van Schaick's child 

17 Child of Johs Visscher 

18 Child of Frans Wey Bosie 

21 Child of Egbert B. Egbertse 

21 Ragel Livereen 

22 Johs A. Cuyler's child 



Dutch Church Burials. 



243 



22 Child of Sybrand H VanSchayck 

25 Willem Vancier Zee's child 

26 Willem Kittell 

26 Jolis, son of Jacob Van Woert 

26 Will em Ouderkerk 

26 Child of Sara Fort 

28 Wife of Johannes Beeckman 

31 Litlle child of Claes Gardiner's son 

in law 

Sept 4 Wife of Johs Ryckse 
5 Wife of Robt Lansing 
5 Daughter of Samuel Pruyn 
5 Child of Gysbert Mailstyn [i. e. 

Gysbert M Aelstyn] 
5 Child of Sybrant G VanSchaick 

7 Son of Mattys Bovie 

8 Zander Van Woert 

9 Hendrick Jacobse Beeckman 
9 Wife of Jonatan Witbeck jr. 

[Machtel] 

9 Child of Abram Van Arnem 

11 Wife of Johs Hansen 

12 Child of Mr Carte ris 

15 Child of Hellagont Lewis 
15 Child of Annietie Groesbeck 

15 Child of Robt Livingston 

16 Child of Wynant C~V Bergh 

17 Child of Pieter Schuyler 

18 Daughter of Rychert Hilton 

18 Child of Cornells Martise Aelstyne 

20 Daughter of Saml Criegeer 

21 Little son of Livynis Whine 

21 Elisabeth, daughter of Rut Van 
Woert 

21 Child of Jonas Oolhout 

22 Child of Isaac iSwitts 

25 Child of Jacob Bleeker 

27 Hendk Gansevoort 

28 Daughter of Lysbeih Van Vechten 
30 Johs Ouderkerk 

Oct 1 WifeofOlderick Van Franke 
1 Child of Zacharias Sischel 

4 Daughter of David Dforeest 
7 Child of Pieter Missel 

7 Child of Jonatan Witbeck 
11 Johannis Van Scharluyn 
17 Wife of Hugan Frele 

22 Son of Isaac Bogert 

26 Abraham Dox 

27 Johannis A Cuyler 

30 Child of Jacob Ten Eyck 
Noy 2 Marlie Fonda 

3 Susanna P Wendell 

5 Killiann Whine, a young man (of 

Pakesie) 
7 John Schuyler jr, in the church 

10 Daughter of Evert Wendell 

13 Child of Hendk Gerrit Van Nes 

14 Sara, daughter of Isaac Greeveraet 
16 Jan Cristiaense 

23 Gerrhie Roseboom, in the church 
23 Wynne Berril 

25 Child of Mr Corrie 
Dec 3 Child of Luykas Tomase Witbeck 



17 Daughter of AdriaenQuackenbos 

19 Catreen Bovie 

20 Gerrit Van Wie 

25 Johs Van Vechten 

26 Lowis Schredell 

31 Child of Richert M Van Franke 

1747. 
Jan 7 Child of Christiaan Lagraniel 

16 Child of Barent A Staats 

17 Sanuake Schuyler 

Feb 1 Child of Pieter Waldrun, near his 
house 

23 Wife of Johs Van Rensselaer, in 

the church 

Mar 2 Johs Schuyler, in the church 
12 Gerrit Teumsse Van Vechten 
14 Geertruy Groesbeck 
19 Maycke Ouderkerk, by Pieter Van 

Woert 
Apr 14 Volckie, wife of Wynant V de 

Bergh 

16 by William Rogers jr 

19 Child of John Donway 
May 1 Child of Arent Van Deusen 
9 Symon Daniels 

10 Son of John Whitbeck died and 

was buried 

25 Wife of Scheeboleth Bogardus 
Jun 10 Child of Abraham Yeats 

21 Cornells Van Dyck 

July 1 Patroon Stephen Van Rensselaer, 

at the mills 
2 Evert Van Nes' wife 

4 Cornelis Swarthout 
14 Jacob Bleecker 

14 Abraham Cuyler, in the church 
16 Child of Wouter Knickerbacker 

18 Little son of Mr Catries, in the 

English church. 

24 Wife of Meyndert Schuyler, in the 

church 
31 Margrietie, daughter of Abram 

Lansing 
Aug 4 Child of Jacob Van Benthuisen 

5 Child of V P Douw, in the church 
5 Child of Benjamin Goewey 

9 Jacob Seene 

11 Son of Peter Van Beuren 

12 Jan Van Nes 

13 Child of Abram Ja Lansing 

14 Child of Benjamin Van Vechte 

15 Child of Maiiys Van d Heyden 

18 Child of Andries Van Wie 

19 Johs Marselis jr, by Egbert Brat 
19 Little girl of Elisabeth d Waudlaer 
24 Child of Livynis Wiiine 

24 Child of Dirck Van der Heyden 

26 Child of Abram Lansiiisrh 

27 Child of Wouier N Groesbeck 

29 Catrina, daughter of Elisabeth 

Wendell 

30 Daughter of Calynlie Van der 

Bergh 
30 Child of Bastiaen Tymesse 



244 



Dutch Church Burials, 



Sept 4 Child of Daniel Hussen 
5 Child of Jacobus Schuyler 
5 Wife of Philip Wiune 
5 Daughter of Arye Oothout 
7 Child of Adriaau Quackenbos 

7 Child of Robert Sanders 

8 Child of Gys>-erl Van Brakel 

9 Son of Gerrit Marselis [Jacob] 
10 Jochim, son of Johs V'isscher 
10 Gerrit, son of Hendk Gerritse 
10 Child of Sybram Quackenbos 

10 Jochem, son of Johs Van der 

Heyden 

11 Two children of Benjamin Bogart 

12 Child of Hendk Bries 

12 Child of Volkert Van den Bergh 

12 Daughter of Neeltie Brat 

13 Giedeon Quackenbos 

16 Child of Sybrunt Goes VanSchaick 

16 Child of Benjamin Goevvey 

17 Daughter of Neeltie Brat 
17 Child of Evert Lansingh 
17 Child of Peter Schuyler 

19 Little son of Evert Wendell 

20 Nicolas Bleecker jr 

20 Aunake, daughter of Petrus Bo- 

gardus 
20 Catrina, widow of Willem Groes. 

beck's child 

20 Daughter of Catrina, widow of 

Martyn Van Aalstyn 

21 Child of Zacharias Haes 
21 Child of John Willems 
21 Child of Evert Lansingh 
23 Child of Dirk Olver 

23 Child of Isaac Hansen 
23 Daughter of Arye Oothout 

25 Child of Robert Wendell 

26 Child of Abraham H Wendell 

26 Child of Cornelis C Van denBergh 

26 Schiel>oleth Bogardus 

27 Child of Rebecca, widow of Hendk 

Brat 

27 Child of Rychart Hansen 

28 Child of Johs Cloet 

28 Child of Rynier Van Hoesen 

30 Two children of Willem Gysbert 

Van den Bergh 
Oct 1 Wife of Isaac de Voe 

2 Child of Johannis Van Wie 

2 Child of Nicholas Cuyler 

3 Daughter of Willem Van d Bergh 
3 Child of Harmen Hun 

3 Little, son of Barent V Yeveren 
3 Child of Jacob Bogart jr 

12 Child of Sybrant Goes Van Shaick 

13 Child of James Stenhuys 
20 Wife of Isaac Outlerkerk 

25 Wife of Rutger Blecker 
Novl7 Maryte Winne 

26 Child of Johannis Lansingh jr 
EL'' * >->i!'l ot II urine Kmckerbacker 

3 Coenradt (Ruiesmayor) 
15 Cliild of John Fryer 



21 Wife of Gerrit Ryckseff 

24 Child of Corneles Waldrum 

25 Wife of Pieter Davids Schuyler 

1743. 
Jan 13 Geritie Rykerson 

14 Little son of Catalyntie Roseboom 
19 James, son of Rolf Schoon 

26 Daughter of Jellis D Garmo 
Feb 9 Geeatie Kipp 

25 Annate Hilton 

25 Obadya Cooper's child. 

28 Child of Johs Van Yeveren 
Mar 2 Child of Pieter Schuyler 

23 Wife of Isaac Fonda 

29 Daughter of Cornelia Cooper 
31 Child of Gerrit Marselis 

Apr 3 Child of Dirck B VanSchoonhoven 
9 Johs Wendel's cosyn ( i. e. ne- 
phew ?) 

9 Wife of James Steinhuys 
17 Wife of Obadya Coeper 

19 Child of Johs Ten Eyck 

21 Wife of Pieter Van Beuren 

24 Marya Gerritse 

May 16 Madame Margrita Collans, hi the 
church 

20 Wife of Abraham Vinhagen 

24 Evert Ryckse 

25 Johannis Berreway 

30 Johannis Hansen 
Jun 10 Alyda Visscher 

July 5 Child of Thomas Seeger 
8 Nicholas Schuyler 

10 Child of Jan Brat 

17 Child of Adam Yates 

20 Pieter Quackenbos 

24 Child of Robert Sanders, near his 

house 
24 Child of Abraham Lansingh, near 

his house 

29 Child of Jacob H Ten Eyck 
Aug 3 Johs L Wliitbeck 
6 Johs G Lansingh 

15 Child of Antony Van der Zee 

16 Wife of Andries [Mahaiis] 

17 Child of Jacob Egmond 

27 Rachel, daughter of John Whitbeck 

29 Lydia Van Vechte, in the church 

30 Child of Hendk Van Nes 
Sept 2 Catie Van Weie 

4 Pieier Ryckman 

11 AVife of Tomas Coeper 

19 Melgert. son of David Groesbeck 
27 Two children of Cornelis Winne, 

by his house 
Oct 2 Gerrit J* Lansingh 

6 Child of Cornells Snnford 
13 AVife of Volkert N D;>uw 
24 Child of Cornelis Van Nes 
Nov 3 Bregie, sister of Cornelis Clasen 
3 AVife of Tomas Scherp 
6 Child of Johannis V Douw 

1749. 
Jan 3 Rynier Van Hoesen 



Dutch Church Buriah. 



245 



22 Child of Tomas Coyper 
26 Tryntie Vrooman 

26 Jacobus Van Schoonhoven 

28 Jan Dreth 
Feb12 Willem Hilten 

16 Child of Dirk Van Aesdale 

17 Child of Jacob H Ten Eyck. by 

his house 
Mar 6 Child of Pieter Lansingh 

18 Catrina, daughter of Claes Van 

Woert 

Apr 3 Wife of Jacob R Van Woert 
7 Ragel Redliff 

10 Johannis Visscher 

14 Sara, wife of Robert Lansingh 
14 The child of Arye Oothout's 

[daughter] 

25 Daughter of Johs Janz Lansingh 
Jun 13 Child of Petrus Van Loon 
14 Child of Robt Livingston 

16 Wife of Barent Staats jr 

17 Child of Cornells C Van der Bergh 

27 Child of Johs Ten Eyck 
July 1 Child of Robt Lansingh 

2 Lievynis Lieversen 

7 Gelyi Splanck 

20 Child of Jacobus Cleerment 

31 Child of Mr Kartryt, in English 

church 
Aug 3 Child of Volkert Van der Bergh 

1 1 Child of Bethe Wilsen 

18 Child of Jacobus Cleement 

23 Johannis Pruyn 

31 Benjamin Van Vechte 

3i Son of Berrk Staats 

Sept 3 Child of Benjamin Hilteu 

17 Pieter Van Aelen 
Ocl 2 Debora Roseboom 

6 of Jacob Lansingh 

9 Child of Volkert P Douw 

24 Child of Bar-me Gansvort 

29 Gysbert Roseboom 
Nov4 Child of Jonas Oothout 

8 Lynt'e, wife of Abram Douw 

11 Child of Killiaen Van Rensselaer 
Dec 3 John, son of Ruben Van Vechte 

J4 Child of Abram Yates 

25 Annatie, wife of Antony Van d Zee 

26 Antie de Bidder 

1750. 
Jan 3 Wife of Nicolas Cuyler, at the flats 

19 Wife of Joseph Yeats [Hendrike ?1 
Feb 9 Child of John R Bleecker, in the 

church 

Mar 7 Child of Roelf, servant of Pieter 
Whine 

9 Marya Van Deusen 

21 Child of Harmen B Visscher 

22 Child of Antony Brat jr 
Apr 7 Bettie Wilson 

12 Johs Van Allen 
17 Robert Wendell 

24 Cornelis Van Vechte 
29 Son of James Stevenson, in the 
church 



May 4 Evert Wendell 

25 Gerrit Ja Lansingh's child 
June 7 Marte Hoean 

13 [Tunik?J Hoogh 

22 Luycas Hooghkerk's child 

26 Child of Pieter D Wandelier 
July 6 Child of Gerrit Van Franke 

22 Daughter of HeiHrick Lansingh 
25 Child of Jacob Ja Lansing 

Aug 5 Child of Rychart Hansen 

23 Abigail Splank 

Sep 15 Nicolaes Van Schaick 

16 Wife of Johs de Peyster, in the 

church 

28 Son of Hendrick Halenbeeck 

30 Johs F Van Yveren's child 
Oct 17 Salomon Van Vechte, [on the 

other side.?] 

22 Johs Vinhagen, near his house 
Nov 6 Luychas Hooghkerk's wife 

17 Child of Marte Bockley 

18 Elbert Gerrits, in the church 

19 Little (laughter of Annake, widow 

Pieter Van Alen 

23 Child of Philip Hansen 

Dec 5 Child of David Van der Heyden 

11 Child of Johs Douw 

31 Daughter of Adam Y acts 

1751. 

Jan 4 Nicolaes Bleecker, in the church 
7 DJrck Ten Broeck, in the church 

14 Child of Staets Zantfort 
30 Anna Kisctenar 

Feb 9 Daughter of G^rrrt Van Zarrte 
9 Child of John Fryer 

17 Child of Baueimardus Harsen 
Mar 10 Child of Pieter M de Garmo 

15 Child of Pieter D Wandelaec 
19 Little son of Rychart Hansen 
21 Wife of Pieter D Wandelier 

25 Child of Willem Van Buren, al 

Papsknee 

26 Child of Antony Van Yveren 
Apr 3 Child of Willem Van Zante 

4 Philip Loock, by his house 

12 Child of Abraham Lansingh 

16 Little girl of (Volkert P Douw) 

Catie Cropel 

21 Child of Evert Seeger 
23 Wife of Jacobus Groesbeck 

29 Hendk de Witt's son's child 
May 4 Little son of Gerrit G Van der 

Bergh 

18 Hendrick Douw 

28 Child of Johs M Felensburgh 
June 4 Little child of Johs Ten Eyck 

10 Child of Tobias Ten Eyck 

26 Antony Ay Brat's wife 
July 7 Antony Ay Brat's child 

14 Child of Geradus Groesbeeck 

18 Child of Tarn Smitd 
Aug 10 Child of Billy Bromly 

26 Child of Michael Besset 
Sep 2 Antony Van Zante 



246 



Dutch Church Burials* 



5 Annetie, wife of Claes Fonda 
15 Wife of Adam Yates 
Oct 13 Daughter of Sybrant A Van 

Schaiok 

30 Wife of John G Roseboom 
Nov 3 Children of Hendnck G Van Nes 
12 Child of John R Bleecker, in the 
church 

1752. 

Jan Wife of Volkert Douw 
Feb 5 Barentie Everse 
26 Arye Oothout 

26 Daughter of Johs Cloett 
Mar 6 Wife of Jacob Maasen 

9 Wife of RolifSeeger 
19 Jannetje, wife of Johs Gr Lansingh 
Apr 16 Wife of Pieter Willems 
May 4 Willem Van Scharluyn 
Juu 2 Cornells de Hiller 

27 Samuel Pruyn 

30 Child of Killiaen Van Rensselaer 
July 2 Elsie Cuyler, in the church 

7 Child of Roelif, servant of Pieter 
Winne 

19 Child of Johs Ten Eyck 
9 Neeltie Beeckman 

11 Asweurus Wendell 

26 Children of Gerrit Johs Lansingh 

28 Barent Staats, at the Hoghbergb. 
30 Child of Abram Yates 

Aug 9 Child of Johs Gansvoort 

9 John Waters 

17 Willem Van Beuren, at Papsknee 

18 Daughter of Margrietie, widow of 

Nicolas Bleecker 
18 Child of Billy Bronbely 
26 Elisabeth Hooghkerk 
Sep 20 Child of Wilhelmus Van den 

Bergh jr 

26 Child of Wouter Knickerbacker 
30 Catie Witbeck, at Papsknee 

Oct 1 The sister of Gerrit Van der 

Bergh's wife 

3 Wife of Marte D Stiller 
5 Willem, son of David Groesbeeck 
5 Child of Dirk Olfer 
5 Child of Geradus Lansingh 
13 Cornelia Whine, at Bethelem 

21 Rver Gerrits 

22 Child of John Johs Lansingh 
30 Child of Tomas Seeger 

Nov 12 Child of Gerrit Van Franken 
13 Child of Jacob Van Schayck 

20 Child of Johs Bleecker jr 

23 Thomas Willems 
Dec 4 Wife of Johs Bleecker 

27 Child of Jacob Coeper 

29 Child af Antony Gose Van Schayck 
29 Child of Antony Egbertie Brat 

1753 

Jan 23 Coenradt Te Eycke 
Feb 6 Antony Coster, in the church 

10 Child of Barenhardus Harsen 
16 Child of John Jacobse Eversen 



23 Hester Van Arenero 
Mar 5 Tryntie Waldrum 

20 Elsie, daughter of Leendert Gan- 
sevoort 

25 Child of Jacob Bogart jr 

29 Edward Collins, in" our church 
May 4 Pieter Schuyler's child, at the flats 

19 Child of Abram Yates 
Jun 16 Child of Pieter Johe Garmo 

26 Willem Mecryda 

30 Abraham E Wendell 
July 8 Child of Harmen Hun 

28 Child of Isaac Hanse 
Aug 1 Son of Gerrit Van Zante 

10 Child of Johs Flensburgh 

11 Child of Johs Gansevoort 
13 Child of Marte Van Yveren 

Sept 2 Volkert Douw 

2 Pieter Sohnyler ir. at the flats 

3 Cornells Sliiigeilandt. ai iNiocatlia 
6 Wife of John Bertely, by Koeye- 

man 

8 Child of Adriaen Quackenbos 
11 Child of Marte Van Yveren 
13 Wife of Thomas Seger 

17 Sarah Hoogkerk 

22 Hendrick Bries, at Papsknee 

23 Child of Philip Hansen 

29 Child of Abram Coeper 
Oct 16 Joseph Janz Van Zante 

20 Mr Smit the schoolmaster's child 
22 Wife of Benjamin Kgbertz 

Nov 7 John Roseboom [ Doxter] 

28 Child of Isaac Fonda 

Dec 5 Child of Steven Van Schack 

10 Jeramiah Schuyler, at the flats 

15 Child of Jacob Van der Heyden, 
near his house 

1754. 
Jan 3 Ragel Van der Heyden. at the flats 

13 Elisabeth Corlaer, in the church 
Feb 5 Rabecca, wife of Pieter Bogart 

22 Wife of Johs Van der Heyden 
26 Christoffel Yates 

Mar 8 Ariaentie, wife of Douw Van 
Vechten 

11 Elisabeth, wife of Jonas Oothout 

[was a Lansing] 

18 A High Dutchman 

Apr 25 Geertruy, wife of Ryer Gerritz 
25 Daughter of Johs Van Rensellaer 

29 Child of Martin Bockeley 
May 10 

19 Wife of Marte Bockely 
Jan 13 Johs D Freest 

23 Child of Isaac Freest 
Jul 10 Child of Abram Bogart jr 

10 Child of Gysbcrt Fonda, "tavont" 
17 Samuel Coeyman 
Aug 11 Harme Hun's child 

17 Child of Willem Winne 

20 Catryn. wife of James Way 
23 Child of Wouter Groesbeeck 
23 Jan, son of Harm Van Hoesen 






Dutch Church Burials. 



247 



Sept 1 Abram Pells 

8 Child of Johs M De Garmo 

8 Child of Kerry Van Dyck 

9 Wife of Samuel Cregier 
22 Child of Pieter Waldrum 
25 Wife of Petrus Hilton 

27 Child of Cornells Groot. 
Oct 2 Child of Petrus Hilten 

7 Cnild of Theunis Van Vechte 

10 Child of John Davids 

11 Wife of Atlriaen Brat 

17 Cornelia, daughter of Johs Freest 

18 Wife of \ntony Johs Brat 
21 Child of Adriaen Brat 

21 Child of Rykert Hausen 

21 Child of CaptHischen Holland 

27 Elisabeth Vischer, mother of H 

Vischer 

29 Hendrick Roseboom 
Nov 12 Harmanis P Wendell 
14 Geertie Groesbeeck 

25 Bettie Groesbeeck 

26 Child of Gerrit Lansingh 
Dec 3 Child of Ben Williams 

7 Luyckas J Wyugart, in the church 

12 John Daniels 

18 Catrina, wife of David Groesbeek 

18 Wife of Robert Berret 

21 Wife of Wynant C Van denBergh 

28 Wife of Hendrick Van Nes 

1755. 
Jan 4 Annatie, wife of Rychert Van 

Franc ke 

11 Jacob Eversen 
14 Abraham Wendell 
16 Child of Johs Yates, at Greenbush 

22 Wife of Robert Wendell, at the 

flats 
24 Child of Henry Van Dyck 

27 Janr.etie Gelen, in the church 
Feb 5 Hendk Eversen 

Mar 6 Eva Beeckmau 

13 Child of Jacob Johs Van der Hey- 

den 

20 Child of Johs Johs Lansingh 
22 Wife of Johannis Goewey 

28 Abram To's Witbeck's Wife, at 

Papsknee 

May 5 A child buried by David Groes- 
beeck 

6 Child of Abram Yates 

7 Wife of Isaac Ouderkerk 

8 Child of Johs Seeger's youngest 

daughter 
June 4 Jacob Maasen 

6 Daughter of Gerrit Van Zante 

7 Daughter of Salomon Goewey 

11 Child of Dirk Van der Heyden 

12 Wife of Johs Fonda, at the pa- 

troon's 
July 9 Wife of Rutger Van Woert 

11 Wife of Abraham Van Arnera (Ja 
Lansingh do) 



19 Child of John Lansingh 

21 Child of John Lansingh 

22 Child of Pieter Gansvort 

23 Child of Robt Berrit 

24 Child of Geradus Lansingh 

26 Child of Volkert P Douw, in the 

church 

29 Cornells Bogart 
3d Child of David Abeel 
Aug 3 Isaac Fryer, in the English church 
4 Marte Van Aelslyn, son of Martyn 

10 Child of Beimome 

15 (Janna Peisen) 

22 Child of Johs Johs Wendell 

23 Child of Puilip Deforeest 
Sept 2 

3 Child of Fredk Gerrits 

6 Wife of Daniel Haelenbeeck 

11 Child of Harm Gansevort 

18 Child of Robt Crannel 
27 

27 Child of Volkert Van den Bergh 
Oct 7 Child of Daniel Haelenbeck 

8 Mayors Foot, by Pieter Douw 

21 Myndert Schuyler, in the church 

24 Willem Hilton, a young man 
2-5 Isaac Fort 

31 Johs N Schuyler, at the Hogh- 

bergh 
Nov 3 Harm Ryckman 

4 Child of Jacob Gerritz VanSchayck 

12 John Isa Wendell (in) Boston 

16 A New.England officer, by John 

E Wendell 

19 Child of Artnt Van Deusen 

20 Cristina Cuyler, in the church 

22 Child of Pieter M de Garmo 

24 Pieter Martin 

25 Child of Andries Gardinier 
Dec 3 Hendriekis M Beeckman 

15 Child of Abram Peeck 

17 Child of A bram P Bogart 

1756 

Jan 2 Elisabeth Brat, in the church 
6 Douwe Isa Fonda's wife 
6 Kerry Abeel 

21 Appeelouie Merit 

21 By Johs Flensburgh, Sirsieman 
Feb 2 Gerrit Roelfse 

4 Wife of Rynier Meyndertse, by R 

V Woert 

14 Child of Maria Van der Heyden 
Mar 4 Child of Jhs Knickerbacker 
4 Child of Johs Ja Eversen 
6 Child of Abraham Ten Broeck 

18 Willem Nicolaes, in the church 

20 Lybitie Olinue 

2D Child (son) of Walrt raven Cloet 

21 Child of Abram H Wendell 

26 Child of Harme Gansevoort 
Apr 6 Wife of Pieter Douw 

6 Samuel Ten Broeck 
8 Maria, wife of Cornells Van Dyck 
12 Johs, sou of Willem Van Zaute 



248 



Dutch Church Burials. 



May 18 Child of Abram Van Franc-he 
18 Cornells Waldrum 
27 Son of John Raely 

30 Wife of Jacob Van Woert 
June 8 A son of Spinier 

9 Luycas, sonof Luyckas Hoogkerke 
21 Wife of Abram Mynderse 
27 Thunis Van Vechte 
Jul 13 John Bries. by Jan Witbeeken 
21 Child of Thunis Van Vechte 
23 Child of Isaac Fonda jr 

31 Child of Jacob Spruger 

Aug 2 Johs Halenbeeck. by Abram Yates 
5 Rutger Bleecker, in the church 

10 Child of Johs Ten Eyck 

tO Madame Van Driesen, in the 

church 

; 14 Child- of Fredk Cloet 
.17 Child of Ringer Van den Bergh 

23 Child of Harm J Visseher 

26 CKild o'f Pefrus Vosbnrgh 
,,26 A . [Abram Van Duse] 

/jSft, Mafy Wyngar't 
* 2a'-GHild df.John'M Beockman 
< ; l8*C1iildof'JohnCloetjr 

23 Chtfd of Johs Ja Muller 
'29 Jesee Winne 

30 Child of Abram Ja Lansingh 

Sept 1 Child of Abram Van den Bergh 

I Wife of Hendk Mayor 

5 Child of Basiian T Vi-scher 

5 Child of Antony Flensburgh/ 

5 Johs Brat Brat 

1 1 Leindert Van Vechte 

13 Daughter of Old rick Van Franke 
17 Child of Johs Van Zante jr 
19 John B Wendell 

19 Wife of Harmanus Wendell 

21 Child of Cornells M Vanden Bergh 

22 A Roeyland man. by John Peys 

25 Child of Andries Gasdanier 

27 Jesse D Forest 

27 Johs Arie OcHhout 
29 A by Johs Visscher Harme 

Oct 2 A by Staets Santford 

6 Johs Poc 

7 Wife of Albartus Maase 

11 Child of Dirk B Van Schoonhoven 

12 Robert Berret 

15 Child of Albartus Maase 

15 Wife of Pieter Maase 

16 Child of Robert Sanders, buried 

Barent 

17 Jacob Lansingh, by his house 

18 Maria, daughter of Aswerus 

20 Son of Jacobus Schuyler 

21 Pieter S Bogardus 

24 Maria Van Aelstyn 

26 Johs Beeckman 

26 Johs Pierson 

27 Pieter Lorkerman 

29 Wife of Andries Gardinier jun 
38 Child of James Adam 
3& Child of Pieter Alaasen 



Nov 4 Pieter Goewey 

5 Barent, son of John Bleecker 
7 Child of Mart/nis Cregier 

18 Willem Bort, patooman 

18 Child of Johs Ja Eversen 

29 Daughter of Johs Ten Broecfc 
Dec 6 Haas Hansen 

17 .'an Maaseu jr 

20 Henry Douw, at Greenbush 

23 A Highdutchman's wife 

30 Catie Van vSchayck 

31 Madame Elisabeth VanRensselaer 

1757. 

Jan 6 Wife of Harm Liverse 
7 Willem Crennel 

7 Little son of Geradns Grooesbeeefc 

8 Child of a Highdutchman 
10 Son of Edward Willems 

16 Child of Harm Liverse 

19 Johs Redlif 

2! Wife of David Groesbeeck 

22 Son of Edward Willems 

24 Olderick Van Francke 

26 Child of Gera/ms Groesbeeck 
Feb 1 Wife of Pieter Quackenbos 

6 Son of Geradns Groesbeeck 

9 Wife of John Kaar 
13 Ragel Bogardus 

Mar 15 Johs, son of Roelf Seger 

17 Child of the daughter of Joh 

Wyngart 

31 ChiM of Johs Coon 
May 2 Catrina, wife of Isaac Vosbergh 
3 Elisabeth Roster, in the church 

6 Two children of Volkert Van den 

Bergh 

9 Child of Abram Bogart 
10 Johannis Bleecker 
15 Wife of Abram H Wendell 
28 Child of Jacob Van Schayck 
3fl Wife of Meyndert Marsefis 
30 Daughter of Symon Vedder 

June 2 Child of Pinter Waldrum 

7 Child" of Johs Van Yveren 
17 Wife of Johs Segers jr 

23 Child of Pieter Hilton 

24 Georgie Lombers 

26 Child of David tSprugert 

30 Catrien. daughter of Gysbert Van 

den Bergh 

25 Child of Frans Lansingh 

Jul 11 Sonof Dirk Brat VanSchoonhoven 

Cose 
21 Child of the widow of Jesse Winne 

27 Wife of Jacob Roseboom 
27 A man, by Staats Zanlfort 

31 Little son of Isaac D Fonda 
Aug 3 Child of Jellis K Winne 

5 Child of Gysbert Marselis 
10 Child of Harm B Visscher 

13 Child of Pieter Messel 

14 Daughter of Dirk B Schoouho^en 
24 Child of Jonas Oothout 

26 Child of Jacob Ja Lansingh 



Dutch Church Buriah. 



249 



27 Gerrit Janz Lansinarh 

28 Child of Jobs M Beeckman 
Sept 1 Child of Johs M Flensburgh 

2 Wife of Hendk Peeger 

2 Child of Antony Van Yveren 

5 Child of Jacob Bog-art 

7 Little girl of Jonas Oolhout 

12 ChiM of Abram Freest 

13 A Boston captain, by Abram Lan- 

singh 

14 Sara Luykase 

15 Child of Dom Freelinghuyse 
20 Child of Pieter M D Garmo 

29 John Fryer's child 

29 Child of Hend Wendel 
Oct 7 Child of Pieter Jongs 

9 < hild of Jacob G Van Schnyck 
12 Child of Will Van den Bergh jr 



12 Child of Antony Van der Zee 
14 Child of Michel Bessett 
18 Child of Philip D Foreest 
20 Child of Cornells Santford 

20 Child of Marte Van Kj vere 
22 Child of Johs Knickerbacker 

Nov 9 Child of Bastiaen Visscher 
12 Child of Petnis Vosburgh 
14 Hester Swits 

21 Barent Sanders, in the church 

22 Child of Thunis Van Woert 
30 Child of Pieter Waldrum 

Dec 1 Child of Johs Van Zanie 

5 An officer, by Symon Ridder 
10 Child of Hendk Gerrits 
12 Lena Lansingh 
12 Child of Pieter Lanj 
12 BastinerG 




at aria 

FAMILY RECORD FROM THE GROESBECK BIBLE : 

Now in the Possession of DAVID GJROESBECK. of Albany. 



1724 Nov 8. 

1725 Aug 2. 

1726 Dec 24. 
1728 Aug 5. 
1730 Apr HO. 
1732 Apr 13. 
1734 Feb 23. 

1736 Apr . 

1737 May 8. 
1739 Apr 30. 
1741 Jul 12. 
1745 Mar 12. 
1766 (1763?) 

1692 Mar 17. 

1763 Feb 3. 

1752 Dec 23. 

1753 Jun 17. 

1754 Nov 30. 
1754 Dec 15. 
1765 Sep 28. 

1795 Mar 30. 
1818 Apr 20. 



I, David Groesbeck senior, married 

who died January 18, 1757. 
My son William was born. 
My daughter Catrinn was born. 
My son David was born (m. 1752). 
My daushter Mary was born. 
My son Melleghast was born. 
My son John was born. 
My son Abram died (born dead?). 
My daushter Cathryna was born. 
My daughter Gertruy was born. 
My son John was born. 
My daughter Catelyna was born. 
David Groesbeck senior died. 



Maria VanderPoel, 

Died Oct 3, 1752. 
Died Jan 1, 1732. 
Died Mar 30, 1795. 
Died Jan 26, 1732. 
Died Sep 18, 1748. 
Died Jan 23, 1737. 



Died Aug 25, 1745. 
Died Jan 6, 1766. 



My father (David Groesbeck sen, son of William Claas 

Groesbeck) was born. 
My father died. 

I, David Groesbeck jun, married Catrina Vedder. 
My son William was born. 
My son Cornells was born. 
My wife died. 
I married Sara Winne, who was born July 21 1754 (m. 

at 11?). 

David Groesbeck junior died. 
Sarah Winne, his widow, died. 



250 



Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler. 




BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF GENERAL PHILIP SCHUYLER. 
By the Hon. JAMES KENT. 

THE Dutch family of Schuyler stands conspicuous in our colonial annals. 
Colonel Peter Schuyler was mayor of Albany, and commander of the 
northern militia in 1690. He was distinguished for his probity and 
activity in all the various duties of civil and military life. No man 
understood better the relation of the Celony with the Five Nations of 
Indians, or had more decided influence with that confederacy. He had 
frequently chastised the Canadian French for their destructive incursions 
upon the frontier settlements ; and his zeal and energy were rewarded 
by a seat in the Provincial Council, and the House of Assembly gave 
their testimony to the British Court of his faithful services and good 
reputation. It wa-> this same vigilant officer who gave intelligence to 
the inhabitants of Deerfield, on Connecticut river, cf the designs of the 
French and Indians upon them, some short time before the destruction 
of that village in 1704. In 1720, as president of the council, he became 
acting governor of the colony for a short time, previous to the accession 
of Governor Burnet. His son, Colonel Philip Schuyler, was an active 
and efficient member of assembly for the city and county of Albany, in 
1743. But the Philip Schuyler to whom I particularly allude, and who 
in a subsequent age shed such signal lustre upon the family name, was 
born at Albany in the year 1733; and at an early age he began to display 
his active mind and military spirit He was a captain in the New-York 
levies at Fort Edward in 1755, and accompanied the British army in the 
expedition down Lake George in the summer of 1758. He was with 
Lord Howe when he fell by the fire of the enemy, on landing at the 
north end of the lake ; and he was appointed (as he himself informed 
me) to convey the body of that young a nd lamented nobleman to Albany, 
where he was buried with appropriate solemnities in the Episcopal 
Church. 



Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler. 2-^1 

We next fin I him under the title of Colonel Schuyler, in company with 
his compatriot George Clinton, in the year 1768, on the floor of the 
House of Assembly, taking an active share in all their vehem nt dis- 
cussions. Neither of them was to be overawed or seduced from a bold 
and determined defence of the constitutional rights of the colonies, and 
of an adherence to the leiter and spirit of he councils of the union. 
The struggle in the House of Assembly, between the ministerial and 
the whig parties, was brought to a crisis in the months of February 
and March, 1775; and in that memorable contest, Philip Schuyler and 
George Clinton, together with Nathaniel Woodhull of Long Island, 
acted distinguished parts. On the motions to eive the thanks of the 
House to the delegates from the colony in the Continental Congress of 
September, 1774, and to thank the merchants and inhabitants of the 
colony for their adherence to the non-importation and the association 
recommended by Congress, those patriots found themselves in the mi- 
nority; but their courage and resolution gained strength from defeat. 

On the third of March, Col. Schuyler moved declaratory resolutions 
that the act 4 Geo. III. imposing duties for raising a revenue in America, 
and for the extending the juiisdiction of admiralty courts, and for de- 
priving his majesty's subjects in America of trial by jury, and for holding 
up an injurious discrimination between the subjects of Great Britain 
find those of the colonies, were great grievances. The government 
party seem to have fled the question, and to have left in the House only 
the scanty number of nine members, and the resolutions were carried 
by a vole of seven to two; but their opponents immediately rallied, and 
eleven distinct, divisions, on different motions, were afterwards taken in 
the course of that single day. and entered on the journal, and they re- 
lated to all the momentous points then in controversy between Great 
Britain and the United Colonies. It was a sharp and hard-fought contest 
fur fundamental principles; and a more solemn and eventful debate 
rarely ever happened on the floor of a deliberative assembly. The 
House consisted on that day of twenty-four members, and the ministerial 
majority was exactly in the ratio of two to one ; and the intrepidity, 
talents, and services of the three members I have named, and especially 
of Schuyler and Clinton, were above all praise, and laid the foundation 
for those lavish marks of honor and confidence which their countrymen 
were afterwards so eager to bestow. 

The resistance of the majority of the House was fairly broken down, 
and essentially controlled by the efforts of the minority and the energy 
of public opinion. A series of resolutions, declaratory of American 
grievances, were passed, and petitions to the King- and Parliament 
adopted, not indeed in all respects such as the leaders of the minority 
wished (for all their amendment-" were voted down), but they were 
nevertheless grounded upon the principles of the American Revolution. 
They declared that the claims of taxation and absolute sovereignty on 
the part of the British Parliament, and the extension of admiralty juris- 
diction, were grievances and unconstitutional measures; and that the 
act of Parliament, shnlting up the port of Boston, and altering the 
charter of that colony, also was a grievance. 

These were the last proceedings of the General Assembly of the 
Colony of New-York, which now closed its existence forever. More 
perilous scenes, and new and brighter paths of glory, were opening upon 
the vision of those illustrious patriots. 



252 Biographical Sketch of Gen. Sckuyhr. 

The delegates from this colony to the first Continental Congress in 
1774, were not chosen by the General Assembly, but by the suffrages of 
the people, manifested in some sufficiently authentic shape in the several 
counties. 

The delegates to the second constitutional Congress, which met in 
May, 1775, were chosen by a provincial congress, which the people of 
the colony had already created, and which was held in this city in April 
of that year, and had virtually assumed the powers of government. 
The names of the delegates from this colony to this second congress, 
were John Jay. John Alsop, James Duane, Philip Schuyler, George 
Clinton, Lewis Morris and Robert R Livingston; and the weight of 
their talents and character may be inferred from the fact, that Mr. Jay, 
Mr. Livingston, Mr. Duane and Mr Schuyler were early placed upon 
committees charged with the most arduous and responsible duties. We 
find Washington and Schuyler associated together in the committee ap- 
pointed on the fourteenth of June, 1775, to prepare rules and regulations 
for the government of the army. This association of those great men, 
commenced at such a critical moment, was the beginning of a mutual 
confidence, respect and admiration, which coniinued with uninterrupted 
and unabated vividness during the rema nderof their lives. An allusion 
is made to this friendship in the memoir of a former president of the 
New- York Historical Society, and the allusion is remarkable for its 
strength and pathos. After mentioning General Schuyler, he adds, " I 
have placed thee, my friend, by the side of him who knew thee ; thy 
intelligence to discern, thy zeal to promote thy country's good ; and, 
knowing thee, prized thee. Let this be thy eulogy. I add, and with 
truth peculiarly thine content it should be mine to hr.ve expressed it." 

The Congress of this Colony, during the years 1775 and 1776, had to 
meet difficulties and dangers almost sufficient to subdue the firmest 
resolution. The population of the Colony was short of 200,000 souls. 
It had a vast body of disatfected inhabitants within its own bosom. It 
had numerous tribes of hostile savages on its extended frontier. The 
bonds of society seemed to have been broken up, and society itself re- 
solved into its primitive elements. There vras no civil government, but 
such as had been introduced by the provincial congress and county 
committees as temporary expedients. It had an enemy's province in the 
rear, strengthened by large and well-appointed forces. It had an open 
and exposed senport, without any adequate means to defend it. In the 
summer of J776, the state was actually invaded, not only upon our Ca. 
nadian. but upon our Atlantic frontier, by a formidable fleet and army, 
calculated by the power that sent them to be sufficient to annihilate at 
once all our infant republics. 

In the midst of this appalling storm, the virtue of our people, animated 
by a host of intrepid patriots, the mention of whose names is enough to 
kindle enthusiasm in the breast of the present generation, remained 
glowing, unmoved, and invincible. It would bo difficult to find any other 
people who have been put to a severer test, or, on trial, gave higher 
proofs of courage and capacity. 

On the nineteenth of June, 1775, Philip Schuyler was appointed by 
Congress the third major general in the armies of the United Colonies ; 
and such was his singular promptitude, that, in eleven days from this 
appointment, we find him in actual service, corresponding with Congress 



Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler. 253 

from a distance on business that required and received immediate at- 
tention In July, 1775, he Was placed at the head of a board of com- 
missioners for the northern department, and empowered to employ all 
the troops in that department at his discretion, subject to the future 
orders of the commander-in-chief. He was authorised, if he should find 
it practicable and expedient, to take possession of St. Johns and Mont- 
real ; and pursue any other measure in Canada, having a tendency, in 
his judgment, to promote the peace and security of the United Colonies. 

In September, 1775, Gen. Schuyler was acting under positive instruc- 
tions to enter Canada ; and he proceeded, with Generals Montgomery 
and Wooster under his command, to the Isle au Noix. He had at that 
time become extremely ill, and he was obliged to leave the command of 
the expedition to devolve upon Gen. Montgomery. The latter, under 
his orders, captured the garrisons of Chambly and St. Johns, and pressed 
forward to Montreal and Quebec. Montreal was entered on the twelfth 
of November, 1775, by the troops under the immediate orders of Mont- 
gomery ; and in the same month, a committee from Congress was ap- 
pointed to confer with General Schuyler, relative to raising troops in 
Canada for the possession and security of that province. His activity, 
skill, and zeal shone conspicuously throughout that arduous northern 
campaign; and his unremitting correspondence received the most prompt 
and marked consideration. 

While the expedition under Montgomery was employed in Canada, 
Gen. Schuyler was called to exercise his influence and power in another 
quarter of his military district On ihe thirtieth of December, 1775, he 
was ordered to disann the disaffected inhabitants of Tryon county, then 
under the influence of Sir John Jolmson ; and on the eighteenth of Ja- 
nuary following, he made a treaty with the disaffected portion of the 
people in that western part of the state. The Continental Congress 
were so highly satisfied with his conduct in that delicate and meritorious 
service, as to declare, by a special resolution, that he had executed his 
trust with fidelity, prudence and despatch 5 and they ordered a publica- 
tion of the narrative of his march in depth t'f winter into the regions 
bordering on the middle and upper Mohawk The duties imposed upon 
that officer were so various, multiplied and incessant, as to require 
rapid movements, sufficient to distract and confound an ordinary mind. 
Thus, on the thirtieth of December, 1775, he \vas ordered to disarm the 
lories in Tryon county. On the eighth of January, K76, he was or- 
dered to have the River St. Lawrpnce, above and below Quebec, well 
explored. On the twenty fifth of January, he was ordered to have the 
fortress of Ticonderoga repaired and made defensible ; and on the 
seventeenth of February, he was directed to take tl e command of the 
forces, and conduct the military operations at the city of New r -York. 
All these cumulative and conflicting orders from Congress were made 
upon him in the course of ix weeks, and they were occasioned by the 
embarrassments and distresses of the times. 

In March, 1776, Congress changed their plan of operation, and directed 
Gen. Schuyler to establish his head quarters at Albany, and superintend 
the army destined for Canada. He was instructed to take such orders 
as lie should deem expedient, respecting the very perplexing and all- 
important subject of the supplies for the troops in Canada ; and those 
orders as to the supplies were repeated in April, and again in May, 



254 Biographical Sketch of Ge/t. Schuyler. 

1776. The duty of procuring supplies, though less splendid in its effects, 
is often more effectual to the safety and success of an army than prowess 
in the Held. Gen. Schuyler, by his thorough business habits, his precise 
attention to details, and by his skill and science in every duty connected 
with the equipment of an army, was admirably fitted to be at the head 
of the commissariat; and he gave life and vigor to every branch of the 
service. His versatile talents, equally adapted to investigation and 
action, rendered his merits as an officer of transcendent value. 

On the fourteenth of June, 1776, ho was ordered by Congress to hold 
a treaty with the Six Nations, and engage them in the interest of the 
colonies, and to treat with them on the principles and in the decisive 
manner which he had suggested. His preparations for taking immediate 
possession of Fort Slanvvix, and erecting a fortification there, received 
Ihe approbation of Congress ; and their records afford the most satis- 
factory evidence that his comprehensive and accurate mind had antici- 
pated and suggested the most essential measures, which he afterward 
diligently executed throughout the whole northern department. But 
within three days after the order for the treaty, Congress directed his 
operations to a different quarter of his command. He was ordered, on 
the seventeenth of June, to clear Wood creek, and construct a lock upon 
the creek at Skeensborough (now Whitehall), and to lake the level of 
the waters falling into the Hudson at Fort Edward and into Wood creek. 
There can be no doubt that those orders were all founded upon his pre- 
vious suggestions j and they afford demonstrative proof of the views 
entertained by him, at that early day, of the practicability and impor- 
tance of canal navigation. He was likewise directed to cause armed 
vessels to be built, so as to secure the mastery of the waters of the 
northern lakes. He was to judge of the expediency of a temporary 
fortification or intrenched camp on the heights opposite Ticonderoga. 
Capt Graydon visited Gen. Schuyler early in the summer of 1776, at his 
head-quarters on Lake George ; and he speaks of him, in the very in- 
teresting memoirs of his own life, as an officer thoroughly devoted to 
business, and being at the same time a gentleman of polished, courteous 
manners On the first of August following, he was on the upper Mo- 
hawk, providing for its defence and security ; and again in October we 
find him on the upper Hudson, and calling upon the Eastern States for 
their militia. 

There can be no doubt that the northern frontier, in the campaign of 
1776, was indebted for its extraordinary quiet and security to the cease- 
less activity of Gen Schuyler. At the close of that year he was further 
instructed lo build a floating battery on the lake, at the foot of Mount 
Independence, and also to strengthen the works at Fort Stanwix. 

In the midst of such conflicting and harassing services, he had excited 
much popular jealousy and ill will, arising from the energy of his cha- 
racter and the dignity of his deportment. He was likewise disgusted at 
what he deemed injustice, in the irregularity of appointing other and 
junior officers in separate and independent commands within what was 
considered to be his military district. He accordingly, in October, 1776,. 
tendered to Congress the resignation of his commission ; but when 
Congress came to investigate his services, they found them, says the 
historian of Washington, far to exceed in value any estimate which had 
been made of them. They declared that they could not dispense with 



Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyhr. 255 

his services, during the then situation of affairs; and they directed the 
president of Congress to request him to continue in his command, and 
they declared their high sense of his services, and their unabated con- 
fidence in his attachment to the cause of freedom. 

A governor and legislature were -hosen in the summer of 1777 ; and 
in that trying season, there was not a county in this State, as it then 
existed, which escaped a visit from the arms of the enemy. To add to 
the embarrassment of our councils in the extremity of their distress, the 
inhabitants of the northeast part of the Slate (now Vermont), which 
had been represented in the Convention, and just then ingrafted into the 
Constitution, under the names of the counties of Cumberland and Glou- 
cester, renounced their allesiance, and set up for an independent state. 
On the thirtieth of June in that year, they were knocking at the door of 
Congress for a recognition of their independence and an admission into 
the Union. 

The memorable campaign of 1777 was opened by an expedition of the 
enemy from New-York to Danbury in Connecticut, and the destruction 
of large quantities of provisions and military means collected and de- 
posited in that town. In the northern quarter. Gen. Burgoyne advanced 
from Canada through the lakes, with a well-appointed army of 10,000 
men; and for a time he dissipated all opposition, and swept every ob- 
stacle before him. Gen. Schuyler was >till in the command of the whole 
northern department, and he made every exertion to check the progress 
of the enemy. He visited in person the different forts, and used the 
utmost activity in obtaining supplies to enable them to sustain a siege. 
While at Albany (which was iiis headquarters as previously fixed by 
Congress), busy in accelerating the equipment and march of troops, 
Ticonderoga being assailed, was suddenly evacuated by Gen. St. Clair. 
Gen. Schuyler met on the upper Hudson the news of the retreat; and 
he displayed, says the candid an<l accurate historian of Washington, the 
utmost diligence and judgment in that gloomy state of things. He ef- 
fectually impeded the navigation of Wood creek. He rendered the roads 
impassable. He removed every kind of provisions and stores beyond 
the reach of the enemy. He summoned the militia of New-York and 
New-England to his assistance ; and he answered the proclamation of 
Burgoyne by a counter proclamation, equally addressed to the hopes and 
fears of the country Congress, by their resolution of the seventeenth 
of July, 1777. approved all the acts of Gen. Schuyler in reference to the 
army at Ticonderoga ; but the evacuation of that fortress excited great 
discontent in the United Stales, and Gen Schuyler did not escape hi> share 
of the popular clamor, and he was made a victim to appease it. It was 
deemed expedient to recal the general officers in the northei n army, and, 
in the month of Augu-t, he was superseded in the command of that 
department by the arrival of Gen Gatos. The laurels which he was in 
preparation to win by his judicious and distinguished efforts, an I which 
he would very shortly have attained, were by that removal intercepted 
from hi? brow. 

Gen. Schuyler felt acutely the discredit of being recalled in the most 
critical and interesting period of Ihe campaign of 1777. and when Ihe 
labor anJ adivity of making preparations to repair th<- disaster of it 
had been expended by him; and when an opportunity was opening, as 
he observed, for that resistance and retaliation which might bring glory 

23 



256 Biographical Sketch of Ge?i. Schuyhr. 

upon our arms. If error be attributable to the evacuation of Ticonde- 
roga, says the historian of Washington, no portion of it was committed 
by Gen. Schuyler. But his removal, though unjust and severe as re- 
spected himself, was rendered expedient, according to Chief Justice 
Marshall, as a sacrifice to the prejudices of New-Ensland. 

He was present at the capture of Burgoyne, but without any personal 
command . and the urbanity of his manners, and the chivalric magnani- 
mity of his character, smarting as he was under the extent and severity 
of his pecuniary losses, was attested by Gen. Burgoyne himself in his 
sj>eech in 1778 in the British House of Commons. He there declared, 
that, by his orders, " a very good dwelling- house, exceeding large store- 
houses, great saw-mills, and other out-buildings, to the value altogether 
perhaps of 10,OOOZ., belonging to Gen. Schuyler, at Saratoga, were de- 
stroyed by fire, a lew da)s before the surrender." He said further, that 
one of the first persons he saw after the convention was signed, was 
General Schuyler ; and when expressing to him his regret at the event 
which had happened to his property. Gen. Schuyler desired him " to 
think no more of it, and that the occasion justified it according to the 
principles and rules of war. He did more." said Burgoyne; " he sent 
an aid-de-carnp to conduct me to Albany, in order, as he expressed it, to 
procure better quarters than a stranger might be able to find. That 
gentleman conducted me to a very elegant house, and, to my great sur- 
prise, presented me to Mrs. Schuyler and her family. In that house I 
remained during my whole stay in Albany, with a table with more than 
twenty covers for me and my friend?, and every other possible de- 
monstration of hospitality." 

I have several times had the same relation, in substance, from Gen. 
Schnyler himself; and he said that he remained behind at Saratoga, 
under the pretext of taking care of the remains of his property, but in 
reality to avoid giving fresh occasions for calumny and jealousies, by 
appearing in person with Burgoyne at his own house. It was not until 
the autumn of 1778, that the conduct of Gen. Sehuyler in the campaign 
of 1777 was submitted to the investigation of a court martial He was 
acquitted of every charge with the highest honors, and the sentence was 
confirmed by C ngress. He shortly afterward upon his earnest and 
repeated solicitations, had leave to retire from the army, and he devoted 
the remainder of his lile to the service of his country in its political 
councils. 

If the military life of Gen. Schuyler was inferior in brilliancy to that 
of some others of his countrymen, none of them ever surpassed him in 
fidelity, activity, and devotedness to the service. The characteristic of 
his measures was utility. They bore the stamp and unerring precision 
of practical science There was nothing complicated in his character : 
it was chaste and severe simplicity; and, take him for all in all, he was 
one of the wisest and most efficient men, both in military and civil life, 
that the state or the nation has produced 

He had been elected to Congress in 1777, and he was re elected in 
each of the three following years. On his return to Congress, after the 
crimination of his military life, his talents, experience and enersy were 
put in immediate n quisition ; and in November, 1779, he was appointed 
to confer with Gen. Washington on the state of the southern department. 
In 1781, he was in the senate of this State ; and wherever he vas placed, 



Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler. 257 

and whatever might be the business before him, he gave the utmost ac- 
tivity to measures, and left upon them the impression of his prudence 
and sagacity. In 1789, he was elected to a seat in the first senate of the 
United States ; and when his term of service expired in Congress, he 
was replaced in the senate of this State. In 1792, he was very active 
in digesting and bringing to maturity that early and great measure of 
state policy, the establishment of companies for inland lock navigation. 
The whole suggestion was the product of his fertile and calculating 
mind, ever busy in schemes for the public welfare. He was placed at 
the head of the direction of both of the navigation companies, and his 
mind was ardently directed for years towards the execution of those 
liberal plans of internal improvement. In 1796, he urged in his place 
in the Senate, and afterward published in a p.imphlet form, his plan for 
the improvement of the revenue of this State ; and in 1797, his plan was 
almost literally adrpted, and to that we owe the institution of the office 
of comptroller. In 1797, he was unanimously elected by the two houses 
of our Legislature, a senator in Congress ; and he took leave of the 
Senate of this State in a liberal and affecting address, which was inserted 
at large upon their journals. 

But the life of this great man was drawing to a close. I formed and 
cultivated a personal acquaintance with Gen Schuyler while a member 
of the legislature in 1792, and again in 1796 ; and from 1799 to his death 
in the autumn of 1804, I was in habits of constant and friendly intimacy 
with him, and was honored with the kindestand most grateful attentions. 
His spirits were cheerful, his conversation most eminently instructive, 
manners gentle and courteous, and his whole deportment tempered with 
grace and dignity. His faculties seemed to retain their unimpaired 
vigor and untiring activity, though he had evidently lost some of his 
constitutional ardor of temperament and vehemence of feeling. He was 
sobered by age, chastened by affliction, broken by disease ; and yet 
nothing could surpass the interest excited by the mild radiance of the 
evening of his days. 



GENERAL HAMILTON AT QUARANTINE. 

, On Monday evening, the 23d September. 1793, the Hon Alexander 
Hamilton, secretary of the treasury of the United States, and his lady, 
arrived at Greenbush opposite to this city, from the seat of government. 
As they were supposed to have been afflicted with the yello-w fever then 
prevalent in Philadelphia, the city physicians, by request, immediately 
visited them, and on their return published the following certificate : 

ALBANY, September 23, 1793. 

T! is is to certify that we have visited Col. Hamilton ai.d his lady, at 
Greenbush, this evening, and that they are apparently in perfect health : 
and from every circumstance we do not conceive there can be the least 
danger of their conveying the infection of the pestilential fever, at pre- 
sent prevalent in Philadelphia, to any of their fellow-citizens. (Signed) 
Samuel Stringer, W. Mancius, H. Woodruff, W. McClallen, Cornelius 
Roosa 

In consequence of which on Tuesday morning an order was granted 
by the mayor, lhal Col. Hamilton and lady be allowed to cross the ferry. 



258 Ancient Commerce of Albany. 



ANCIENT COMMERCE OF ALBANY. 

It has been the custom with fancy scribblers, since the triumph of 
gteam, to amuse the public with much facetice at the expense of the 
honest zeevaarderen who were wont to navigate the Hudson in the last 
century, till the youngsters of this day have become pretty thoroughly 
imbued with the idea that the ancient commerce of the river is only 
worth remembering for the amusement it affords in that way. The real 
character of the old skippers ought to be rescued from such imputations 
and their sturdy, honest enterprise placed in its true light. We give 
b?]ow the manifest of the >loop Olive Branch, Captain Abraham Blood- 
good, as i sample of what was occasionally done in the way of distant 
voyages before the Revolution. Capt. Bloodgood is still remembered 
by some of the older citizens,* as are also mosl of ihe consignors, the 
memory of whom will be singularly enough awakened by this article. 
The original account of sales of this voyage, from which we copy, 
is in the possession of Mr. Robert H. Waterman of this city. It affords 
a very interesting diary of the success of the adventure to Antigua and 
St. Christopher's with a very curiously assorted cargo of Albany mer- 
chandise, consisting of flour, herrings, horses, one negro man, and a 
great variety of the produce o' this latitude; in exchange for which he 
brought back eighty-one pounds of cotton, a much rarer article then 
than now, some ca>h, and much rum. 

Account Sales of the Cargo of the Sloop Olive Branch, in a voyage to 
the West Indies from New York, commencing Nov. 3d, 1770. 

Sold at ANTIGUA, viz: 

One ton of Flour, the properly of Henry Van Ranslar, 
weighing Nt. 30C. Iqr. 4ib sold for 21s. pr. C. sold to 
Messrs. Palerson & Hartshorn, 31 16 02 

One ton ditto, the property of John Stevenson weishins, Nt. 

30C. Oqr. lOilb sold for 21s. 3d. pr C. Mr. John Lindsay, 32 05 11 

Sold one ton ditto, the property of Richard Van Zant, weigh- 
ing 27C. Oqr. 191b, for 21s. pr. C. Paterson and Harts- 
horn, 29 02 09 

One ton ditto the property of Jane Van Howser, weighing 
32C. Oqr. 151b sold for 21s pr. C. Patterson and Harts- 
horn, 34 04 07 

One ton ditto the properly of Doctr. Samuel Stringer, weigh- 
ing 31C. Iqr. 141b. sold for 21s. 3d. pr. C Mr. John 
Lindsay, 331602 

One ton ditto, the property of Nicholas Cuyler, weighing 27 
C. 2qr. Olb. sold for on an average, a 21s. 6d pr C. dif- 
ferent people, 29 11 03 

* He was the grandfather of Simeon De Witt Bloodgood, late of this city, and resided 
in the vicinity of the Fort Orange Hotel. He superintended the building of that house 
for Simeon De Witt, the surveyor-general, while the latter was absent from the city. 
The original Fort Orange Hotel, it is well known, occupied the site of the old fort of 
that name, which stood opposite the Steam Boat Landing. The original Fort Orange 
Hotel fell a victim to the great fire of August, 1848, and a new one has arisen from the 
ruins. 



Ancient Commerce of Albany. 259 

One ton ditlo, the property of Peter Silvester, Esqr., 2 barr's, 

wg 355 Nt. a 24s 4 05 02 

1 barr. ditio, sold w<r 190lb. Nt a 21s 2 01 02 

13 barr. ditto, wg. 248 Nt. a 21s 26 01 05 

223 04 07 
Sales of Fish, viz : 

14 barrs. Herrin?, the property of Col. Philip Schuyler 

sold a 12s sold to Bustie Entwitch, Esqr 8 OS 00 

1 barr. do sold Mr Carr, 1 00 00 

10 barrs. do , the property of Henry and Robert Lansingh, a 

12s. Entwich, Esq 6 00 00 

20 barrs. do., the property of ditto, sold Mr. John Rose, a 

20s 20 00 00 

3 1 barrs ditto, the property of do., sold a 20. Mr. Carr.... 3 10 00 

33 18 00 
Sales of Staves, viz : 
7050 Nt. Thd. Staves the property of self and comp'y, a & 

pr. M. 62 16 00 

32 Ducks, sold a 33s. pr. doz'n 4 08 00 

2 Turkeys, a 7s 14 00 

3 1-2 Bushels of Pense, a 9s 1 11 06 

18 Pine Plank, a 2s. 6J 20500 

15 Ditto Boards, a Is. 6d..... 1 02 06 

An Horse Arning 1 10 00 

1 1 empty water casks, a 8s. 3d 4 10 09 

10 Casgs Pease sold for Mrs. Lynot 3 00 00 

10 ditto do., fordo 2 10 00 

2 ditto do., for do, 00506 

2 ditto do., for do 10 00 

3 barrs. of Apples sold for Isaac Van Volkenberg. a 24s.... 3 12 00 

2 ditto, do. for do. a 20s 2 00 00 

2 ditto, do. for do. a 7s. 6d 15 00 

20 Geese sold for ditto, a 5s 5 00 00 

1 ditto sold for do. a 4. 6d 04 06 

2 barrs. Apples, sold for William Salsberry 2 08 00 

2 ditto, do. for do. a 12s., 1 04 00 

2 ditto, do. for do. a 12s 1 04 00 

1 ditto do. for do 10000 

30 bunches of Onions, sold for Mr. Alex. Mac Lean, a 9d.. . 1 02 06 

2 hhds. ditto, sold for ditto 4 09 00 

11 Bunches ditto, sold for ditto, a 7d 06 05 

1 Hhd. do. fordo. 122 Bunches, a 6d 3 01 00 

1 Hhd. do. for do. 113 do. a 7d 3 06 00 

150 strinsrs sold at vandue, for do. loose onions 13 00 

6 empty Hhds. for do. a 8s 20800 

1 small horse for self and Doctr. Stringer, 130400 

Sales at ST. CHRISTOPHER'S, viz : 
1 Snrrel horse, the property of William Hunn marked P. V. 

Z 7 00 00 

1 small Mare the property of William Pemberton 14 00 00 



260 Ancient Commerce of Albany. 

1 Bay horse, the property of Francis Vina, marked H. I.... 7 00 00 
Black horse, the property o! John Ro^s, marked I. L. S.. 8 00 00 

Bay horse, the proper'.y of Doctor Sam Stringer, 13 00 00 

Sorrel horse the property of Robert Henery 17 00 00 

Dark Bay horse, the property of Henry Glen, marked B. V. 

B .' 13 1000 

Black horse, the property of Mr. Wemp, marked P. M.,.. 14 15 00 

Black horse, the property of Abraham Bloodgood, 14 00 00 

2 horses, the property of Abraham Tenbrook, marked I D. 

& A. T. B 39 H 00 

I Negroe Man, the property of Mr. Staats, . . , , 5 J 00 00 

Total, .....591 01 09 

Returns from the WEST INDIAS, viz ; 
19 Hogsheads Rum for James Bloodgood &. Comp'y O. B., 

containing 2053 sal a 2s 6d 256 22 06 

Hhd 's to contain the above Rum 21 07 06 

12 Barr's Limes for do , 6 08 00 

Cash received at Antigua for freight,,, 15 10 00 

9 Hhd's Rum for Sundry Shippers, pr. their several accounts, 145 17 00 

81 Ib. Cotton, a 6d , , , , 2 01 00 

447 16 00 

These ventures to the West Indies seem to have been more common, 
after the war of the revolution, to Lansinsburgh and Hudson, than to 
Albany, from the fact that the editor of the Albany Gazette, in 1790, 
marvelled that the citizens of Albany should remain inac-tive spectators 
while their neighbors on the north and the south were *' participating in 
all the blessings of this valuable trade." As an instance in the com- 
merce of Lansingburgh, it was announced that the sloop Arabia, Capt. 
Johnson, which sailed for the West Indies in June, had sailed again in 
October on her second voyage thither, with a valuable cargo. 

On the 12th of April 1791, it was mentioned as a congratulatory event 
that 40 sail of vessels had arrived at this port in one day, or passed it 
for Troy and Lansingburgh ; that 18 vessels, of which 16 were of from 
40 to 80 tons lay at the port of Lansingbursh, and that the sloop Nancy 
had performed atrip from thence to New York and back in seven days. 
In November of the same year it was again announced as an extraordi- 
nary occurrence, that 42 vessels of from 40 to 100 tons, principally above 
70, were at anchor in the port of Albany. 

Among other feats of sloop navigation in those days, we are told that 
Capt. William Van Ingen, of the sloop Cincinnati, sailed from Albany 
on the 5th December, 1794, and arrived at New York on the 9th ; dis- 
posed of his cargo, took in a valuable freight, and returned to this port 
on the 16th. The navigation had then been uninterrupted for nine 
months, and was still unimpeded by ice. 

The examples of speedy voyages which were boasted of in the last 
century, read a little oddly now, but yet the sloops, under a good 
wind, were an overmatch for the steamboats for a long time after the 
latter made their appearance on the river. In the year 1794, one Col. 
Win. Colbreath, sheriff of Herkimer, left this city on, Sunday morning, 



Voyage of an Albany Sloop to China. 261 

on a sloop for New York, and returned on Thursday afternoon, the llth, 
having performed the journey in a little more than four days, including 
a day and a half he was in New York' The feat was perhaps as much 
a matter of wonder and admiration, as when the steam boat had been 
so much improved as to make the passage from New York to Albany 
in 24 hours. 

But the most remarkable of all the expeditions from this port, was 
the 

Voyage of an Albany Sloop to China. 

In the fall of 1785, the sloop Experiment, 80 tons burden, Capt. Stewart 
Dean, was titled out at this port for China. It was very properly con 
sidered a hazardous voyage for so small a craft. She was laden with 
an assorted cargo, for a regular trading expedition, and was the second 
adventure from the United States to Canton. She left New- York on the 
18th December, and was absent eighteen months. Her return trip was 
made in four months and twelve days, with a cargo consisting principal- 
Jy of teas and nankins. Several pieces of costly damask silk were also 
brought to order, or for family gifts. One of the heir-looms in the 
family of a descendant of the mate of the Experiment, residing in 
Schenectady, is a dress, made of the silk referred to, in the fashion of 
that day. Capt. Dean also brought home thirteen sets of China ware, 
to order, for such families as could afford and thought proper to indulge 
in such luxuries. These articles were so much valued that they have 
passed from mothers to daughters, down to the present time ; and, 
though much broken and scattered, are objects of curiosity, not only 
from the associations connected with thissingular voyage, but as showing 
the form and style of China ware sixty years ago, A set which be. 
longed to Capt. Johnson, a revolutionary veteran, whose house stood 
with its gable to the street, on the corner of South Pearl and Howard 
streets, where the Centre Market now stands, was divided among his 
descendants. One set, however, has been preserved nearly complete, 
and is in the possession of Mrs. Abraham Ten Eyck, in Broa'way. 
These sets being mostly brought to order, had the initials of the owners' 
names gilded upon each piece. 

It was matter of surprise to the natives and Europeans in those seas, 
to see so small a vessel arrive from a clime so remote from China, and 
gave them an exalted conception of the enterprise of the citizens of the 
United Slates. At some of the ports where the Experiment touched, it 
is said that she was an object of alarm to ihe inhabitants, who mistook 
her for a tender to a fleet of men-of-war. She returned to New-York 
on Sunday, April 22, 1787, without the loss of a man during the voyage. 
On her arrival she was visited by at least two-thirds of the citizens, it 
is said ; very few of whom had expected her return. 

Capt. Dean made several voyages to China subsequently, when the 
famous merchant Howqua formed so favorable an opinion of him that 
he was accustomed to send over a chest of black tea occasionally for the 
captain, long after the latter had discontinued his voyages. Capt. Dean 
died in New-work, a few years since, aged 85, at the house of Mr. Ro 
derick Sedgwick. 



262 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 



VISIT OF PETER KALM TO ALBANY, 1749. 

The project ol a scientific expedition to our shores, was suggested to 
the University of Upsala by Linnaeus; who desired that the North 
American provinces should be explored for the purpose of making such 
observations and collections of seeds and plants, as would improve the 
husbandry, horticulture, manufactures, arts and sciences of his country. 
Accordingly Prof. Kalm. a naturalist of one of tht Swedish universities, 
was selected, who left Upsala on the sixteenth of October, 1747; spent 
six months in England, and arrived at Philadelphia September 26, 1748. 
He traversed much of the country from Pennsylvania to Canada, and 
returned to Sweden in 1751, arriving at the place of his destination on 
the thirteenth of June. He prosecuted his researches with the industry 
and perseverance of a true friend of science, spending not only tue sa- 
lary and outfit provided by his friends, but so much of his little fortune, 
that on his return he found himself under the necessity of retrenching:, 
so as to live on a very small pittance. He afterwards resumed his place 
of professor at Aobo, where, in a small garden of his own, he cultivated 
and experimented upon many hundred American plants, there being no 
garden connected with the Uiiiversiiy. It was in honor of him that the 
beautiful Kalmia received its name, which is still cultivated in European 
gardens as an ornamental shrub. 

Our traveler is more than once rather plain and unreserved in his 
remarks upon the character and manners of the people of Albany, as 
they were seen by, or represented to, him. The charge, so oft' n reite. 
rated since his time, of habitual dishonesty in traffic with the Indians, 
is very bluntly made, although he admits of honorable exceptions to the 
general rule. We give the old traveler's own version of what he saw 
and heard, without attempting to smooth any of the asperities of his 
remarks, which seem to have been made with honesty of purpose, and 
are much more excusable in him, than in many of the scribblers who 
have followed in his track. His account is valuable, as representing the 
condition of the country a century ago. 

JUNE the 10th. At noon we left New-York, and sailed up the River 
Hudson, in a yacht bound for Albany All this afternoon we saw a 
whole fleet of little boats returning from New-York, whither they had 
brought provisions and other goods for sale, which, on account of the 
extensive commerce of this town, and the great number of its inhabitants, 
go off very well. About twelve miles from New-York we saw sturgeons 
(Acipenser sturio), leaping up out of the water, and on the whole pas- 
sage we met with porpesses in the river. As we proceeded we found 
the eastern banks of the river very much cultivated ; and a number of 
pretty farms, surrounded with orchards and corn fields, presented them- 
selves to our view. After sailing a little while in the night, we cast our 
anchor and lay by till the morning, especially as the tide was ebbing 
with great force. 

JUNE the llth. This morning we continued our voyage up the river, 
with the tide and a faint breeze. We passed the Highland mountains, 
which consist of a grey sanlstone, and are covered with deciduous trees 
together with firs and red cedars. The country was unfit for cultiva. 



Kali^s Visit to Albany in 1749. 263 

tion, being so full of rocks, and accordingly we saw no farms. The 
wind vanished away about ten o'clock in the morning, and forced us to 
get forward with our oars, the tide being almost spent. In one place on 
the western shore we saw a wooden house painted red, and we were 
told that there was a saw mill further up; but besides this, we did not 
perceive one farm or any cultivated grounds all this forenoon. We now 
perceived excessive high and steep mountains on both sides of the river, 
which echoed back each sound we uttered ; yet notwithstanding they 
were so high and steep, they were covered with small trees. The last 
of the high western mountains is called Butterhill, after which the 
country between the mountains grows more spacious : the farms became 
very numerous, and we had a prospect of many corn-field? between the 
hills. Whilst we waited for the return of tide and the change of wind, 
we went on shore. The sassafras' tree (Laurus sassafras) and the 
chesnut-tree grow here in great abundance. I found the tulip-lree 
(Liriodendron tulipifera) in some parts of the wood, as likewise the 
Kalmia latifolia, which was now in full blossom, though the flowers were 
already withering. Some time after noon the Avind arose from south- 
west, which being a fair wind, we weighed anchor and continued our 
voyage. We passed by a little neck of land, which projected on the 
western side in the river, and was called Dance. The name of this 
place is said to derive its origin from a festival which the Dutch cele- 
brated here in former limes, at which they danced and diverted them- 
selves ; but once there came a number of Indians, who killed them all. 
We cast anchor late at night, because the wind ceased and the tide was 
ebbing. The fireflies passed the river in numbers at night, and some- 
times settled upon the rigging. 

JUNK the 1 Uh. This morning we proceeded with the tide, but against 
the wind. The country here in general is low on both sides of the river, 
consisting of low rocks and stony fields, which, however, are covered 
with woods. The land is so rocky, stony and poor, that nobody can 
settle on it or inhabit it, there being no spot fit for a corn field, and for 
the space of some miles we never perceived one settlement. At eleven 
o'clock this morning we came to a small island which lies in the middle 
of the river, and is said to be halfway between New- York and Albany. 
Towards noon it was quite calm, and we went on very slow. Here the 
land is well cultivated, and full of great corn-fields, especially on the 
eastern shore. To the west, also, we saw several cultivated places. 
The Blue mountains are very plainly to be seen here, appearing through 
the clouds, and towering above all other mountains. The people here 
make use of a yellow Agaricus, or mushroom, which grows on maple 
trees, for tinder : that which is found on the red flowering maple (Acer 
rubrum) is reckoned the best; and the next in goodness is that of the 
sugar rraple (Acer saccharinum), which is sometimes considered equal 
to the former At two in the afternoon the wind began to blow from 
the south, which enabled us to proceed The country on the eastern 
side is high, and consists of a well cultivated soil. We had fine corn- 
fields, pretty farms, and good orchards, in view- The western shore is 
likewise somewhat high, but still covered with woods ; and we now and 
then, though seldom, saw one or two little settlements. 

JUNE the 13th. The wind favored our voyage during the whole nisht, 
so that I had no opportunity of observing the nature of the country. 



264 Kahn's Visit to Albany in 1749. 

This morning, at five o'clock, we were but nine English miles from 
Albany. The country on both sides the river is low, and covered with 
woods, excepting a few little scattered settlements. Under the high 
shores of the river are wet meadows covered with sword-erass (Carex), 
and they formed several little islands. We saw no mountains, and 
hastened towards Albany. The land on both sides of the river is chiefly 
low, an J more carefully cultivated as we came nearer to Albany. As 
to the houses which we saw, some were of wood, others of stone. The 
river is seldom above a musket-shot broad, and in several parts of it are 
sands, which require great experience for governing the jachls. At 
eight o'clock in the morning, we arrived at Albany. 

All the yachts which ply between Albany and New- York, belong to 
Albany. They go up and down the River Hudson, as long as it is open 
and free from ice. 1 hey bring from Albany boards or planks, and all 
sorts of timber, flour, pease, and furs, which they get from the Indians, 
or which are smuggled from the French. They come home almost 
empty, and only bring a few merchandises with them, among which 
rum is the chief. This last is absolutely necessary to the inhabitants of 
Albany : they cheat the Indians in the fur trade with it; for when the 
Indians are drunk, they will leave it to the Albanians to fix the price of 
the furs. The yachts are pretty large, and have a good cabin, in which 
the passengers can be very commodiously lodged. They are commonly 
built of red cedar, or of white oak. Frequently the bottom consists of 
white oak, and the sides of red cedar, because the latter withstands 
putrefaction much longer than the former. The red cedar is likewise 
apt to split, when it hits against any thing ; and the River Hudson is in 
many parts full of sands and rocks, against which the keel of the yacht 
sometimes hits: therefore they choose white oak for the bottom, as being 
the harder wood, and not splitting so easily ; and the bottom beinij con- 
tinually under water, is not so much exposed to putrefaction, and holds 
out longer. 

The canoes which the yachts have along with them, are made of a 
single piece of wood, hollowed out: they are sharp on both ends, fre- 
quently three or four fathoms long, and as broad ab the thickness of the 
wood will allow. The people in it do not row sitting, but commonly a 
fellow stands at each end, with a short oar in his hand, with which he 
governs and brings the canoe forwards Those which are made here at 
Albany, are commonly of the white pine: they can do service for eight 
or twelve years, especially if they be tarred and painted. At Albany 
they make them of the white pine, since there is no other wood fit for 
them : at New- York they are made of the tulip-tree, and in other parts 
they are made of red or white cedars ; but both these In es are so small, 
in the neighborhood of Albany, that they are unfit for canoes There 
are no seats in the canoes; for if they had any, they would be more liable 
to be overset, as one could not keep the equilibrium so well. 

Battoes are another kind of boats, which are much in use at Albany. 
They are made of boards of white pine. The bottom is flat, that they 
may row the belter in shallow water : they are sharp at both ends, and 
somewhat higher towards the end than in the middle. They have seats 
in them, and are rowed as common boats. They are long, yet not all 
alike : commonly three, and sometimes four fathoms long. The height 
from the bottom to the top of the board (for the sides stand almost per- 



Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 265 

pendicular) is from twenty inches to two feet, and the breadth in the 
middle about a yard and six inches. They are chiefly made use of for 
carrying goods, by means of the rivers, to the Indians j that is, when 
those rivers are open enough for the bailees to pass through, and \\hen 
they need not be carried by land a great way. The boats made of the 
bark of trees break easily by knocking against a stone, and the canoes 
cannot carry a great cargo, and are easily overset ; the bailees are 
therefore preferable to them bolh. I saw no boals here like those of 
Sweden and other parts of Europe. 

The frost does frequently a great deal of damage at Albany. There 
is hardly a month in summer, during which a frost does not happen. 
The spring comes very late; and in April and May are numerous cold 
nights, which frequently kill the flowers of trees and kitchen-herbs. It 
was feared that the blossoms of the apple-trees had been so severely 
damased by the frost lasl May, lhat next autumn there would be but 
very few apples. The oak- blossoms are very often killed by the frost 
in the woods. The autumn here is of long continuance, with warm 
days and nights. However, the cold nights commonly commence lowards 
the end ef September, and are frequent in October. The people are 
forced to keep their cattle in stables from the middle of November till 
March or April, and must find them hay during that time. 

During summer the wind blows commonly from the south, and brings 
a great drought along with it. Sometimes it rains a little ; and as ?oon 
as it has rained, the wind veers to northwest, blowing for several days 
from that point, and then returning to the south. I have had frequent 
opportunities of seeing this change of wind happen very exactly, both 
this year and the following. 

JUNE the 15th. The enclosures were made of boards of fir- wood, of 
which there is abundance in the extensive woods, and many saw-mills 
to cut into boards. 

The several sorts of apple trees grow very well here, and bear as fine 
fruit as in any other part of North America. Each farm has a large 
orchard. They have some apples here which are very large and very 
palatable : they are sent to New-York, and other places, as a rarity. 
They make excellent cider, in autumn, in the country round Albany. 

All the kinds of cherry-trees, which have been planted here, succeed 
very well. 

Pear-trees do not succeed here. This was complained of in many 
other parts of North America. But I fear that they do not lake suffi- 
cient care in the management and planting of Ihem ; for I have seen 
fine pear? in several parls of North America. 

Peach-trees have often been planted here, and never would succeed 
well. This was attributed to a worm which lives in the ground, and 
eats through the root, so that the tree dies. Perhaps the severity of the 
winter contributes much to it. 

They plant no other fruit-trees at Albany, besides these I have men- 
tioned. 

They sow as much hemp and flax here, as they want for home con- 
sumption. 

They sow maize in great abundance: a loose soil is reckoned the best 
for this purpose, for it will not grow in clay. From half a bushel they 
reap a hundred bushels. They reckon maize a very good kind of corn ; 



266 Kalm*s Visit to Albany zV1749. 

because the shoot recovers after being hurt by the frost. They have 
had examples here of the shoots dying- twice in spring, to the very 
ground ; and yet they shot up again afterwards, and afforded an excel- 
lent crop. Maize has likewise the advantage of standing much longer 
against a drought, than wheat. The larger sort of maize which is 
commonly sown here, ripens in September. 

They sow wheat in the neighborhood of Albany, with great advantage. 
From one bushel they get twelve sometimes : if the soil be good, they 
get twenty bushels. If their crop amounts only to ten bushels from one. 
they think it very trifling. The inhabitants of the country round Al- 
bany are Dutch and German?. The Germans live in several great 
villages, and sow great quantities of wheat, which is brought to Albany : 
and from thence they send many yachts laden with flour to New-York. 
The wheat-flour from Albany is reckoned the best in all North America, 
except that from Sopus or Kingston, a place between Albany and New- 
York. AH the bread in Albany is made of wheat. At New- York they 
pay the Albany flour with several shillings more per hundred weight, 
than that from other places. 

Rye is likewise sown here, but not so generally as wheat. 

They do not sow much barley here, because they do not reckon the 
profits very great. Wheat is so plentiful that they make malt of it. In 
the neighborhood of New- York, I saw great fields sown with barley. 

They do not sow more oats than are necessary for their horses. 

The Dutch and Germans who live hereabouts, sow pease in great 
abundance : they succeed very well, and are annually carried to New- 
York in great quantities. They have been free from insects for a con- 
siderable time ; but of late years the same beetles which destroy the 
pease in Pennsylvania, New-Jersey, and the lower parts of the province 
of New- York, have likewise appeared abundant among the pease here. 
It is a real loss to this town, and to the other parts of North America, 
which used to get pease from hence for their own consumption, and that 
of their sailors. It had been found that if they procured good pease 
from Albany, and sowed them near Kingston or the lower part of the 
province of New- York, they succeeded very well the first year, but were 
so full of worms the second and following years that nobody could or 
would eat them Some people put ashes into the pot. among the pease, 
when they will not boil or soften well; but whether this is wholesome 
and agreeable to the palate, I do not know. 

Potatoes are generally planted. Some people preferred ashes to sand 
for keeping th^m in during winter. The Bermuda potatoes (Convol- 
vulus batatas) have likewise been planted here, and succeed pretty well. 
The greatest difficulty is to keep them during winter ; for they generally 
rot in that season. 

The humming bird (Trochilus colubris) comes to this place some- 
times, but is rather a scarce bird. 

The shingles with which the houses are covered are made of the 
white pine, which is reckoned as good and as durable, and sometimes 
better, than the white cedar (Cupressus thyoiJes). The white pine is 
found abundant here, in such places where commnn pines grow in 
Europe. I have never seen them in <he lower parts of the province of 
New- York, nor in New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. They saw a vast 
quantity of deal from the white pine on this side of Albany, which are 
brought down to New York, and from thence exported. 



Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 267 

The woods abound with vines, which likewise grow on the steep 
banks of the river in surprising quantities. They climbed to the tops 
of trees on the bank, and bent them by their weight ; but where they 
found no trees, they hung down along the steep shores, and covered them 
entirely. The grapes are eaten after the frost has attacked them; for 
they are too sour before : they are not much used any other way. 

The vast woods and uninhabited grounds between Albany and Canada 
contain immense swarms of gnats, which annoy the travelers. To be 
in some measure secured against these insects, some besmear their face 
with butter or grease ; for the gnats do not like to settle on greasy 
places. The great heat makes boots very uneasy 5 but to prevent the 
gnats from slinging the legs, they wrap some paper round them, under 
the stockings. Some travelers wear caps which cover the whole face, 
and have some gauze before the eyes. At night they lie in tents, if they 
can carry any with them ; and make a great tire at the entrance, by the 
smoke of which the gnats are driven away. 

The porpesses seldom go higher up the river Hudson, than the salt 
water goes; after that, the sturgeons fill their place. It has, however, 
sometimes happened that porpesses have gone quite up to Albany. 
There is a report that a whale once came up the river quite to this town. 

The fireflies (Lampyris) which are the same that are so common in 
Pennsylvania during summer, are seen here in abundance every night. 
They fly up and down in the streets of this town. They come into the 
houses, if the doors and windows are open. 

Several of the Pennsylvanian trees are not to be met with in these 
woods, viz. Magnolia glauca, the Beaver-tree ; Nyssa aquatica, the 
Tupelo-tree ; Liquidambar styraciflua. the Sweet-gum tree ; Diospyros 
virginiana, the Persimon; Liriodendron tulipifera, the Tulip-tree ; Ju- 

glans nigra, the Black Walnut-tree ; Quercus , the Swamp Oak; 

Cercis canadensis, the Salad-tree; Robinia pseudacacia, the Locust- 
tree; Gleditsia tri.icanthos, the Honey-locust tree; Annona muricata, 
the Papaw-tree; Celtis occidentalis, the Nettle tree ; and a number of 
shrubs, which are never found here. The more northerly situation of 
the place, the height of the Blue mountains, and the course of the 

P rivers, which flow here southward into the sea. and accordingly carry 
the seeds of plants from north to south, and not the contrary way, are 
chiefly the causes that several plants which grow in Pennsylvania can 
not be found here. 

This afternoon I went to see an island which lies in the middle of the 
river, about a mile below the town. This island is an English mile 
long, and not above a quarter of a mile broad. It is almost entirely 
turned into corn fields ; and is inhabited by a single planter, who, be- 
sides possessing this island, is the owner of two more. Here we saw 
no woods, except a few trees which were left round the island on the 
shore, and formed as it were a tall and great hedge. The Red Maple 
(Acer rubrum) grows in abun lance in several places. Its leaves are 
white or silvery on the under sides, and, when agitated by the wind 
they make the tree appear as if it was full of white flowers. The 
Water-beech (Platanus occidentalis) grows to a great height, and is one 
of the most shady trees here. The Water-poplar is the most common 
tree hereabouts, grows exceedingly well on the shores of the river, and 
is as tall as the tallest of our asps. In summer, it affords the best shade 
24 



268 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 

for men and cattle against the scorching heat. On the banks of rivers 
and lakes it is one of the most useful trees, because it holds the soil by 
its extensive branched roots, and prevents the water from washing it 
away. The Water beech and the Elm-tree (Ulmus) serve the same 
purpose. The wild Prune-trees were plentiful here, and were full of 
unripe fruit : its wood is not made use of, but its fruit is eaten. Sumach 
(Rhus glabra) is plentiful here ; as also the wild vines, which climb up 
the trees and creep along the high shores of the river. I was told that 
the grapes ripen very late, though they were already pretty large. The 
American Elm tree (Ulmus americana) formed several high hedges. 
The soil of this island is a rich mould mixed with sand, which is chiefly 
employed in maize plantations. There were likewise large fields of 
potatoes. The whole island was leased for one hundred pounds of New- 
York currency. The person who had taken the lease, again let some 
greater and some smaller lots of ground to the inhabitants of Albany, 
for making kitchen-gardens of 5 and by that means reimbursed himself. 
Portulack ( Portulaca oleracea) grows spontaneously here in great 
abundance, and looks very well. 

JUNE the 20th. The tide in the river Hudson goes about eiaht or ten 
English miles above Albany, and consequently runs one hundred and 
fifty six English miles from the sea. In spring, when the snow melts, 
there is hardly any flowing near this town j for the great quantity of 
water which comes from the mountains during that season, occasions a 
continual ebbing. This likewise happens after heavy rains. 

The cold is generally reckoned very severe here. The ice in the river 
Hudson is commonly three or four feet thick. On the 3d of April, some 
of the inhabitants crossed the river with six pair of horses. The ice 
commonly dissolves about the end of March, or beginning of April. 
Great pieces of ice come down about that time, which sometimes carry 
with them the houses that stand close to the shore. The water is very 
high at that time in the river because the ice stops sometimes, and sticks 
in places whore the river is narrow. The water has been often observed 
to rise three fathom higher than it commonly is in summer. The ground 
is frozen here in winter to the depth of three, four, or five feet. On the 
16th of November the yachts are put up. and ?boul the beginning or 
middle of April they are in motion again. They are unacquainted with 
stoves j and their chimneys are so wide that one could drive through 
them with a cart and horses. 

The water cf several wells in this town was very cool about this time, 
but had a kind of acid taste, which was not very aereeabie. On a nearer 
examination, I found an abundance of little insects in it, which were 
probably Monoculi. Their length was difl'i rent : gome were a geome- 
trical line and an half; others two, and others four lines long They 
were very narrow, and of a pale color. The heud was blacker and 
thicker than the other parts of the body, and about the size of a pin's 
head. The tail was divided into two branches, and each branch ter- 
minaied in a little black globule. When these insects swim, tiny pro- 
ce< d in ctooked or undulated lines, almost like ladpoies. I pour* d some 
of this water into a bowl, and put near a frur h part of rum to it : the 
monoculi, instead of bting allecttd with it, swam about as briskly as 
they had done in the water. This shows, that if one makes punoli with 
this water, it must be very strong to kill the monoculi. I think this 



Ralm^s Visit to Albany in 1749. 269 

water is not very wholesome for people who are not used to it, though 
the inhabitants of Albany who drink it every day, say they do not feel 
the least inconvenience from it I have been several times obliged to 
drink water here, in which I have plainly seen monoculi swimming; but 
I generally fell the next day somewhat like a pea in my throat, or as if 
I had a swelling there, and this continued for above a week. I felt 
such swellings this year, both at Albany and in other parts. My ser- 
vant, Yungstroem, likewise eot a great pain in his breast, and a sensation 
as from a swelling, after drinking water with monoculi in it; but whe- 
ther these insects occasioned it, or whether it came from some other 
cause, I can not ascertain. However, I have always endeavored, as 
much as possible, to do without such water as had monoculi in it. I 
have (bund monoculi in very cold water, taken from the deepest wells, 
in different parts of this country. Perhaps many of our diseases arise 
from waters of this kind, which we do not sufficiently examine. I have 
frequently observed abundance of minute insects in water, which has 
been remarkable for its clearness. Almost each house in Albany has 
its well, the water of which is applied to common use; but for tea, 
brewing and washing, they commonly take the water of the river 
Hudson, which flows close by the town. This water is generally quite 
muddy, and very warm in summer; and, on that account, it is kept in 
cellars, in order that the slime may subside, and that the water may 
cool a little. 

We lodged with a gunsmith, who told us that the best charcoals for 
the forge were made of the Black Pine. The next in goodness, in his 
opinion, were charcoals made of the Beech-tree. The best and dearest 
stocks for his muskets were made of the wood of the Wild Cherry-tree ; 
and next to these, he valued those of the Red Ma pie most. They scarce 
make use of any other wood for this purpose. The Black Walnut tree 
affords excellent wood for stocks ; but it does not grow in the neighbor- 
hood of Albany. 

JUNE the 21st. Next to the town of New-York, Albany is the principal 
town, or at least the most wealthy, in the province of New- York. It is 
situated on the declivity of a hill, close to the western shore of the river 
Hudson, about one hundred and forty-six English miles from New-York. 
The town extends alons the river, which flows here from N.N.E. to 
S.S.W. The high mountains in the west, above the town, bound the 
prospect on that side. There are two churches in Albaoy, an English 
one and a Dutch one. The Dutch church stands at some distance from 
the river, on the east side of the market. It is built of stone ; and in 
the middle it has a small steeple, with a bell. It has but one minister, 
who preaches twice every Sunday. The English church is situated on 
the hill, at the west end of the market, directly under the fort. It is 
likewise built of stone, but has no steeple. There was no service at this 
church at this time, because they had no minister; and all the people 
understood Dutch, the garrison excepted. The minister of this church 
has a settled income of one hundrpd pounds sterling, which he gets from 
England. The town-hall lies to the southward of the Dutch church, 
close by the river side. It is a fine building of stone, three stories high. 
It has a small tower or steeple with a bell, and a gilt ball and vane at 
the top of it. 

The houses in this town are very neat, and partly built with stones 



270 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 

covered with shingles of the White Pine. Some are slated with tiles 
from Holland, because the clay of this neighborhood is not reckoned n't 
for tiles. Most of the houses are built in the old way, with the gable- 
end towards the street ; a few excepted, which were lately built in the 
manner now used. A great number of houses were built like those of 
New-Brunswick, which I have described*; the gable-end being built, 
towards the street, of bricks, and all the other walls of planks. The 
outside of the houses is never covered with lime or morlar, nor have I 
seen it practised in any North-American towns which I have visited; 
and the walls do not seem to be damaged by the air. The gutters on 
the roofs reach almost to the middle of the street. This preserves the 
walls from being damaged by the rain ; but is extremely disagreeable in 
rainy weather for the people in the streets, there being hardly any means 
of avoiding the water from the gutters. The street-doors are generally 
in the middle of the houses; and on both sides are seats, on which, 
during fair weather, the people spend almost the whole day, especially 
on those which are in the shadow of the houses. In the evening these 
seats are covered with people of both sexes; but this is rather trouble- 
some, as those who pass by are obliged to greet every body, unless they 
will shock the politeness of the inhabitants of this town. The streets 
are broad, and some of them are paved ; in some parts they are lined 
with trees : the long streets are almost parallel to the river, and the 
others intersect them at right angles. The street wlich goes between 
the two churches, is five times broader than the others, and serves as a 
marketplace. The streets upon the whole are very dirty, because the 
people leave their cattle in them durme the summer nights. There are 
two market-places in the town, to which the country people resort twice 
a week. 

The fort lies higher than any other building, on a high steep hill on 
the west side of the town. It is a great building of stone, surrounded 
with high and thick walls. Its situation is very bad, as it can only serve 
to keep off plundering parties, without being able to sustain a siege. 
There are numerous high hills to the west of the fort, which command 
it, and from whence one may see all that is done within it. There is 
commonly an officer and a number of soldiers quartered in it. They say 
the fort contains a spring of water. 

The situation of Albany is very advantageous in regard to trade. 
The river Hudson, which flows close by it, is from twelve to twenty 
feet deep. There is not yet any quay made for the better lading of the 
yachts, because the people feared it would suffer greatly, or be entirely 
carried away in spring by the ice, which then comes down the river. 
The vessels which are in use here, may come pretty near the shore in 
order to be laden, and heavy goods are brought to them upon canoes tied 
together. Albany carries on a considerable commerce with New- York, 
chiefly in furs, boards, wheat, flour, pease, several kinds of timber, &c. 
There is not a place in all the British colonies, the Hudson's Bay settle- 
ments excepted, where such quantities of furs and skins are bought of 
the Indians, as at Albany. Most of the merchants in this town send a 

* One of the streets is almost entirely inhabited by Dutchmen from Albany, and for 
that reason they call it Albany street. These Dutch people only keep company among 
themselves, and seldom or never go amongst the other inhabitants, living as it were 
quite separate from them Vol. \. p. 228. 



Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 271 

clerk or agent to Oswego, an English trading town upon the lake Ontario, 
to which the Indians rtsort with their furs. I intend to give a more 
minute account of this place in my journal for the year 1750. The 
merchants from Albany spend the whole summer at Oswego, and trade 
with many tribes of In Hans who come to them with their goods. Many 
people have assured me that the Indians are frequently cheated in dis- 
posing of their goods, especial. y when they are in Jiquor ; and that 
sometimes they do not get one half, or even one tenth of the value of 
their goods. I have been a witness to several transactions of this kind. 
The merchants of Albany glory in these tricks, and are highly pleased 
when they have given a poor Indian a greater portion of brandy than he 
can bear, and when they can after that get all his goods for mere trifles. 
The Indians often find, when they are sober again, that they have been 
cheated : they grumble somewhat, but are goon satisfied when lln y re- 
flect that they have for once drank as much as they are able, of a liquor 
winch they value beyond any thing else in the whole world; and they 
are quite insensible to their los?, if they again get a draught of this 
nectar. Besides this trade at Oswego, a number of Indians come to 
Albany from several parts, especially from Canada; but from this latter 
place, they hardly bring any thing but beaver skins. There is a great 
penalty in Canada for carrying furs to the English, that trade belonging 
to the French West India Company ; notwithstanding which the French 
merchants in Canada carry on a considerable smuggling trade. They 
send their furs, by means of the Indians, to their correspondents at Al- 
bany, who purchase it at the price which they have fixed upon with the 
French merchants. The Indians take in return several kinds of cloth, 
and other goods, which may be got here at a lower rate than those which 
are sent to Canada from France. 

The greater part of the merchants at Albany have extensive estates 
in the country, and a great deal of wood. If their estates have a little 
brook, they do not fail to erect a saw-mill upon it for sawing boards and 
planks, with which commodity many yachts go during the whole summer 
to New-York, having scarce any other lading than boards. 

Many people at Albany make the wampum of the Indians, which is 
their ornament and their money, by grinding some kinds of shells and 
musses : this is a considerable profit to the inhabitants. I shall speak 
of this kind of mon y in the sequel. The extensive trade which the 
inhabitants of Albany carry on, and their sparing manner of life, in the 
Dutch way, contribute to the considerable wealth which many of them 
acquire. 

The inhabitants of Albany and its environs are almost all Dutchmen. 
They speak Dutch, have Dutch preachers, and divine service is per- 
formed in that language : their manners are likewise Dutch ; their dress 
is, however, like that of the English. It is well known that the first 
Europeans who settled in the province of New-York were Dutchmen. 
During the time that they were the masters of this province, they pos- 
sessed themselves of New-Sweden*, of which they were jealous. How- 
ever, the pleasure of possessing this conquered land and their own was 
but of short duration ; for towards the end of 1664, Sir Robert Carre, by 
order of King Charles the second, went to New-York, then New Am- 
sterdam, and took it. Soon after Col. Nichols went to Albany, which 

* New-Jersey and a part of Pennsylvania were formerly comprised under this name. 



272 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 

then bore the name of Fort Orange, and upon taking it. named it Albany, 
from the Duke of York's Scotch title. The Dutch inhabitants were 
allowed either to continue where they were, and, under the protection 
of the English, to enjoy all their former privileges ; or to leave the 
country. The greater part of them chose to stay, and from them the 
Dutchmen are descended, who now live in the province of New-York, 
and who possess the greatest and best estates in that province. 

The avarice and selfishness of the inhabitants of Albany are very well 
known throughout all North America, by the English, by the French, 
and even by the Dutch in the lower part of New- York province. If a 
Jew, who understands the art of getting forward perfectly well, should 
settle amongst them, they would not fail to ruin him. For this reason 
nobody comes to this place without the most pressing necessity ; and 
therefore I was asked, in several places, what induced me to go to it 
two years one after another. I likewise found that the judgment, which 
people formed of them, was not without foundation. For though they 
seldom see any strangers (except those who go from the British colonies 
to Canada and back again), and one might therefore expect to find vie- 
tuals and accommodation for travelers cheaper than in places where 
travelers always resort to ; yet I experienced the contrary. I was here 
obliged to pay for every thing twice, thrice, and four times as dear as in 
any part of North America which I have passed through. If I wanted 
their assistance, I was obliged to pay them very well for it; and when 
I wanted to purchase any thing, or to be helped in some case or other, 
I could presently see what kind of blood ran in their veins; for they 
either fixed exorbitant prices for their services, or were very backward 
to assist me. Such was this people in general. However, there were 
some amongst them who equaled any in North America, or any where 
else, in politeness, equity, goodness, and readiness to serve and to oblige; 
but their number fell far short of that of the former. If I may be allowed 
to declare my conjectures, the origin of the inhabitants of Albany and its 
neighborhood seems to me to be as follows : Whilst the Dutch possessed 
this country, and intended to people it, the government took up a pack 
of vagabonds, of which they intended to clear the country, and sent 
them along with a number of other settlers to this province. The va- 
gabonds were sent far from the other colonists, upon the borders towards 
the Indians and other enemies ; and a few honest families were per- 
suaded to go with them, in order to keep them in bounds. I can not any 
other way account for the difference between the inhabitants of Albany, 
and the other descendants of so respectable a nation as the Dutch, who 
are settled in the lower part of New-York province. The latter are 
civil, obliging, just in the prices, and sincere; and though they are not 
ceremonious, yet they are well meaning and honest, and their promises 
are to be relied on. 

The behavior of the inhabitants of Albany, during the war between 
England and France, which was ended with the peace of Aix la Cha- 
pelle, has, among several other causes, contributed to make them the 
object of hatred in all the British colonies, but more especially in New- 
England. For at the beginning of that war, when the Indians of both 
parties had received orders to commence hostilities, the French engaged 
theirs to attack the inhabitants of New-England ; which they faithfully 
executed, killing every body they met with, and carrying off whatever 



Kalm*s Visit to Albany in 1749. 273 

they found. During this time the people of Albany remained neutral, 
and carried on a great trade with the very Indians who murdered ihe 
inhabitants of New-England. The plate, such as silver spoons, bowls, 
cups, &c.. of which the Indians robbed the houses in New-England, was 
carried to Albany for sale. The people of that town bought up these 
silver vessels, though the names of the owners were graved on many of 
them ; and encouraged the Indians to get more of them, promising to 
pay them well, and whatever they would demand. This was afterwards 
interpreted by the inhabitants of New-England, as if the Albanians 
encouraged the Indians to kill more of the people, who were in a manner 
their brothers, and who were subjects of the same crown. Upon the first 
news of this behavior, which the Indians themselves spread in New- 
England, the inhabitants of the latter province were greatly incensed, 
and threatened that the first step they would take in another war would 
be to burn Albany and the adjacent pans. In the present war it will 
sufficiently appear how backward the other British provinces in America 
are in assisting Albany, and the neighboring places, in case of an attack 
from the French or Indians. The hatred whicb the English bear against 
the people at Albany is very great, but that of the Albanians against 
the English is carried to a ten times higher degree. This hatred has 
subsisted ever since the time when the English conquered this country, 
and is not yet extinguished, though they could never have got such ad- 
vantages under the Dutch government as they have obtained under that 
of the English ; for, in a manner, their privileges are greater than those 
of Englishmen. 

The inhabitants of Albany are much more sparing than the English. 
The meat which is served up is often insufficient to satisfy the stomach, 
and the bowl does not circulate so freely as amongst the English. The 
women are perfectly well acquainted with economy : they rise early, go 
to sleep very late, and are almost over nice and cleanly in regard to the 
floor, which is frequently scoured several times in the week. The ser- 
vants in the town are chiefly negroes. Some of the inhabitants wear 
their own hair, but it is very short, without a bag or queue, which are 
looked upon as Ihe characteristics of Frenchmen ; and as I wore my 
hair in a bag the first day I came here from Canada, I was surrounded 
with children, who called me Frenchman and some of the boldest of- 
fered to pull at my French dress. 

Their meat, and manner of dressing it. is very different from that of 
the English. Their breakfast is tea, commonly without milk. About 
thirty or forty years ago, tea was unknown to them, and they break- 
fasted either upon bread and butter or bread and milk. They never 
put sugar into the cup, but take a small bit of it into their mouths whilst 
they drink. Along with the tea they eat bread and butter, with slices 
of hung beef. Coffee is not usual here : they breakfast generally about 
seven. Their dinner is buttermilk and bread, to which they sometimes 
add sugar and then it is a delicious dish for them j or fresh milk and 
bread ; or boiled or roasted flesh. They sometimes make use of butter- 
milk instead of fresh milk, to boil a thin kind of porridge with, which 
tastes very sour, but not disagreeable in hot weather. To each dinner 
they have a great sallad, prepared with abundance of vinegar and very 
little or no oil. They frequently eat buttermilk, bread and sallad, one 
mouthful after another. Their supper is generally bread and butler, 



274 Kalris Visit to Albany in 1749. 

and milk and bread They sometimes eat cheese at breakfast, and at 
dinner : it is not in slices, but scraped or rasped, so as to resemble coarse 
flour, which they pretend adds to the good taste of cheese. They com- 
monly drink very small beer, or pure water. 

The governor of New York often confers at Albany with the Indians 
of the Five Nations, or the Iroquese (Mohawks, Senekas, Cayugaws, 
Onondagoes and Onidoes), especially when they intend either to make 
war upon, or to continue a war against the French. Sometimes their 
deliberations likewise turn upon their conversion to the Christian reli- 
gion ; and it appears by the answer of one of the Indian chiefs, or sa- 
chems, to Gov. Hunter, at a conference in this town, that the English 
do not pay so much attention to a work of so much consequence, as the 
French do; and that they do not send such able men to instruct the 
Indians, as they ought to do. For after Gov. Hunter had presented 
these Indians, by order of Queen Anne, with many clothes and other 
presents, of which they were fond, he intended to convince them still 
more of her Majesty's good will and care for them, by adding, " that 
their good mother, the Queen, had not only generously provided them 
with fine clothes for their bodies, but likewise intended to adorn their 
souls, by the preaching of the gospel; and that to this purpose, some 
ministers should be sent to them to instruct them " The governor had 
scarce ended, when one of the oldest sachems got up and answered, 
"that in the name of all the Indians, he thanked their gracious good 
queen and mother for the fine clothes she had sent them ; but that in 
regard to the ministers, they had already had some among them (whom 
he likewise named), who. instead of preaching the holy gospel to them, 
had taught them to drink to excess, to cheat, and to quarrel among 
themselves." He then entreated the governor to take from them these 
preachers, and a number of Europeans who resided amongst them; for 
before they were come among them, the Indians had been an honest, 
sober and innocent people, but most of them became rogues now; that 
they had formerly had the fear of God, but that they hardly believed his 
existence at present ; that if he (the governor) would do them any favor, 
he should send two or three blacksmiths amongst them, to teach them 
to forge iron, in which they were unexperienced. The governor could 
not forbear laughing at this extraordinary speech. I think the words of 
St. Paul not wholly inapplicable on this occasion: ''For the name of 
God is blasphemed amongst the Gentiles, through you." Rom. ii. 24. 

JUVE the 21st. About five o'clock in the afternoon we left Albany, 
and proceeded towards Canada. We had two men with us, who were 
to accompany us to the first French place, which is Fort St. Frederick, 
or, as the English call it, Crown Point. For this service each of them 
was to receive five pounds of New-York currency, besides which I was 
to provide them with victuals. This is the common price here ; and he 
that does not choose to conform to it, is obliged to travel alone. We 
were forced to take up with a canoe, as we could get neither bailees 
nor boats of bark ; and as there was a good road along the west side of 
the river Hudson, we left the men to row forwards in the canoe, and we 
went along it on the shore, that we might be better able to examine it 
and its curiosities with srealer accuracy. It is very incommodious to 
row in these canoes; for one stands at each end, and pushes the boat 
forwards. They commonly keep close to the shore, that they may be 



Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 275 

able to reach the ground easily. Thus the rowers are forced to stand 
upright, whilst they row in a canoe. We kept along the shore all the 
evening: towards the river it consisted of great hills, and next to the 
water grew the trees, which I have before mentioned, and which like- 
wise are to be met with on the shores of the isle in the river situate 
below Albany. The easterly shore of the river is uncultivated, woody 
and hily; but the western is flat, cultivated, and chiefly turned into 
corn-fields, which had no drains, though they wanted them in some 
places. It appeared very plainly here that the river had formerly been 
broader; for there is a slopins bank on the cornfields, at about thirty 
yards distance from the river, with which it always runs parallel. From 
this it sufficiently appears that the rising ground formerly was the shore 
of the river, and the corn fields its bed. As a further proof, it may be 
added that the same shells which abound on the present shore of the 
river, and are not applied to any use by the inhabitants, lie plentifully 
scattered on these fields. I cannot say whether this change was occa- 
sioned by the diminishing of the water in the river, or by its washing 
some earth down the river and carrying it to its sides, or by the river's 
cutting deeper in on the sides. 



THE FAR WEST OF 1795. 

A treaty of peace and friendship was concluded at Canandaigua, in 
1794, beiween the United Slates and the Six Nations, by which the 
danger of depredations upon setllers was removed, and a large and 
fertile region opened to the surplus population of the New England 
States. The Genesee Valley immediately became an El Dorado to the 
people of those states. The want of roads, and better means of con- 
veyance, in many cases, than ox sleds, rendered it a far off country ; but 
the fame of its wheat fields induced multitudes to brave every hardship 
in sub iuing the wilderness. The principal avenue to that country lay 
through the city of Albany, and the tide of emigration in the winter of 
1795 was a great phenomenon to its inhabitants. It was estimated that 
1200 sleighs, freighted with men, women, children and furniture, passed 
through the city in three days of the month of February. On the 28th 
of that month, a citizen undertook to ascertain the amount of a single 
day's travel, and counted 500 sleighs from sunrise to sunset those 
passing in the night not being enumerated. 






A RARE BIRD. 

The citizens of Albany were entertained, in November 1788, with the 
extraordinary sight of an "uncommon bird," killed at Saratoga and 
sent do\\n as a rarity. " The distance from the tip of one wing to the 
other, when both were extended, was 9 feet 2 inches ; the mouth was 
large enough to contain the head of a boy ten years old, and the throat 
BO capacious as to admit the foot and leg of a man, boot and all,'' No 
one could decide what species the stranger belonged to, till, the counsel 
of Dr. Mitchell of New-York being called in, it was decided to be a 
pelican perhaps the only one that ever extended his discoreris to this 
region 



276 Biographical Notice of Harmanus Bleecker. 



HARMANUS BLEECKER. 

Mr. Bleecker was a descendant of the celebrated Jan Jansen Bleecker, 
the ancestor, it is believed, of all who bear that name in this State. 
Jacob Bleecker, the lather of Harmanus, was a merchant and a much 
esteemed citizen. After having received a classical education, Mr. 
Bleecker entered upon the study of the law in the office of John V. 
Henry and James Emott, who were eminent counsellors of the day ; and 
was admitted to practice at the bar of this State in 1801, in the 22d year 
of his age. He entered into partnership with Theodore Sedgwick, late 
of Stockbridge; which connection endured for many years, and proved 
honorable and lucrative to both. Mr. Bleecker in particular became 
known throughout the State as an eminent advocate, and his name is 
frequently to be found on the pajes of the reports of the days when 
Kent, and Spencer, and Thompson, and Van Ness, were the great 
luminaries of the science.* 

He was also successful in his political career. Having been several 
years a member of assembly for this county, he was in 1810 elected to 
Congress, where he served during the stormy period of the last war with 
Great Britain, and acting with the federal party, was one of those who 
opposed the war. At various times he was honored with other impor- 
tant trusts, indicative of the hish opinion entertained of him. His name 
is found in the first board of managers of the Albany Bible Society, in- 
corporated in 1811 He was a resent of the University for several 
years; a commissioner on the part of this state, for settling the boundary 
between New-York and New-Jersey. Gov. Clinton, to whom he had 
been actively opposed for many years previous, offered him the post of 
adjutant general, which he declined, while he appreciated the magnani- 
mity that dictated the proposal. On the accession of Mr. Van Buren to 
the presidency, Mr. Bleecker was sent to the Hague as the American 
minister, where he made an impression that will not be effaced in our 
generation. It was during his residence at the Hague that he married 
a lady of the country, Miss Sebastiana Cornelia Mentz, with whom he 
visited Holland once after the close of his mission. 

* It will be seen, in the following list of students who acquired their profession in his 
office, that it includes many who have, by their talents and worth, risen to places of 
eminence and distinction. 

Henry D. Sedgwick, Robert Sedgwick. Solomon Southwick, John W. Taylor 
(Speaker of the House of Representatives, 1825-2'i). David Rust, Henry Jones, Abra- 
ham Holdridge, Cornelius R. D Lansings .lacol) Dox. Peter P. J. Kean. Jacob Suther- 
land (Judge of old Supreme Court), Henry \V. Channing, John Rodman, Thomas D. 
Higgiiis, Sterling Goodenow, Isaac Truax. Gideon Hawley, Peter Gansevoort, Henry 
Starr, David Raymond, Kbenezer Baldwin, William Diirling, Abraham Schuyler, 
Henry H Fuller, John Porter, E. P. Storrs. James Dexter, Gilbert L Thompson, 
James C. Bloodgood, John D. Crocker, Cornelius Gates. Frederick Matthews, Bargood 
E Hand, Richard V. De Witt, Frederick Whitt!e<ey (Judge of Supreme Court), N N. 
Hall, Henry J. Linn. C. V.S.Kane. Metcalf Yates, Hamilton Bocart, John B. Van 
Schaick. Augustus Beardslee, Henry G. Wheaton, S V. R. Bleecker, W. Duer Hen- 
derson, Charles Fenno Hoffman. Bradford R Wood, David Dudley Field, D A Noble, 
Philip S. Van Rensselaer. Harvey Hyde, Charles Walsh, S. Cook, P. V. S. Wendover, 
E T. T. Martin. Israel T. Hatch, Leonard Bement. W. H. Bogart, John B- Luce, 
Charlemagne Tower, John James Kane, Henry H. Mnrtin, Charles N. Rowley, Cam- 
bridge Livingston, John W. Bradford, Francis Randall. 



Biographical Notice of Harmanus Bleecker. 277 

Mr. Bleecker was one of the most cultivated gentlemen in the state. 
After his return from Holland, he continued the study of literature in 
all its varied departments, and paid much attention to theology. Though 
by association, and by family and inherited sympathies, identified with 
the older times and people of this country, no man entered more zea- 
lously into every progress of the times, and rejoiced that for the great 
multitude of the people the advancing years were, more and more, years 
of education and comfort and prosperity. A truer republican our coun- 
try did not possess ; and he carried with him in his diplomatic career, 
and in his residence abroad, the dignity and the simplicity of an Ameri- 
can, never ceasing in every proper and courteous way to commend his 
country and his country's institutions to the respect of the European. 
He spoke and wrote the Dutch language with periect purity and ele- 
gance ; which, united to his engaging manners and irresistible dignity, 
procured for him. on retiring from his mission at the Hague, an official 
expression of regret at his departure from the Dutch government, a 
compliment the more flattering as it is almost without a precedent. 

The Hon. Harmanus Bleecker died at his residence on the corner of 
Chapel and Steuben streets, on the 19th of July, at the age of seventy 
years. The ancient house in which he was born on the 19th of October, 
1779, stood upon the next lot south, and was taken down a few years 
ago, when he erected the block which now occupies ils site. He was 
possessed of an ample fortune, which enabled him to consult his taste 
in the occupation of his time during the latter years of his Hie, a privi- 
lege of which he availed himself wisely. 

The pedigree of his branch of the farrily is as follows : 

I. JAN JANSEN BLEECKER, a native of Meppel, in the province of 
Overyssel, Holland, came to New-Amsterdam in 1658, and subsequently 
settled at Albany. He was one of the first aldermen named in the 
charter of Albany, 1686 ; was recorder from 1696 to 1699, and mayor in 
1700. Died Nov 21, 1732, aged 91. In 1667 he married Margaret, 
daughter of Rutger Jacob-en. His children were JOHANNES, Rutger 
(recorder 1725, mayor 1726 to 1723), Nicholas, Hendrick, Catharine, 
Jane, Margaret, Rachel. 

II. JOHANNES, born 1668 ; married Anna Koster 1693 ; succeeded his 
father as recorder of Albany 1700, and as mayor 1701 ; member of the 
general assembly 1701 and 1702 ; died Dec 20, 1733, aged 70. His 
children were, Johannes, Gertrude, Nicholas, Hendrick, Margaretla, 
Anna, JACOB, Anthony. 

Ill JACOB, born March 1, 1715; married Margaret Ten Eyck ; died 
1747, leaving one son, JACOB. 

IV. JACOB, born July 22, 1747 ; married Elizabeth Wendell 1776. He 
left two sons, Jacob 1. (died unmarried), and HARMANUS. 

V. HARMANUS, born Oct. 9, 1779 ; married ISebastia na Cornelia Mentz, 
daughier of Dirk Aientz and Immelje Keyser of Holland; died, July 
19, 1849, without iss e. 

The armorial ensigns of the family are thus described : 
Arms, az., two embattled chevrons or, empaling, arg. a rose branch 
ppr. Crest, a pi, aeon, or. 



278 Vanderheyden Palace. 



VANDERHEYDEN PALACE. 
ERECTED, 1725; DEMOLISHED, 1833. 

This venerated edifice was situated in North Pearl street, the second 
lot below the corner of Maiden lane, on the site now occupied by the 
Baptist church. It was built in 1725 by Johannes Beekman, a worthy 
burgher of the day. The bricks were imported from Holland, as were 
those of many of the houses erected at that time; and it is supposed to 
have been, at the time of its demolition, one of the best specimens of 
the ancient Dutch architecture remaining in the state. It was occupied 
by Mr. Beekman as his family residence until his death in 1756, afler 
which his two daughters continued to reside in it until their marriage, 
a s lort time previous to the war of the revolution. The eldest connect- 
ed herself with a gentleman of the name of Bain, belonging to the Eng- 
lish army, and the younge.it to Mr John McCrea. The former moving 
shortly afler her marriage to the West Indes, McCrea and his wife con- 
tinued to occupy the mansion as their place of abode until after the war 
commenced, when they removed from the city, and the house was 
rented. It was afterwards occupied by Mr. George Merchant as an 
academy ; and some eminent professional men are still left to relate 
the interesting events of many happy hours they spent under his tuition. 
In 1778 the mansion was purchased by Mr. Jacob Vanderheyden, for 
the consideration of 1153, lawful money of New York ($2-395,) and it 
was from this gentleman that it received the appellation by which it 
has since been familiarly known, that of the Vanderheyden Palace. It 
continued to be used as an academy until the great fire of 1797, when 
the dwelling in which Mr. Vanderheyden Jived being consumed, he took 
up his residence in this house, and continued to occupy it till his death, 
which occurred in 1820. His family remained there but a few years 
beyond that event, afler which the tenants became as various as they 
were numerous. The site having been selected by the Baptist society 
for the location of a neur church, this venerable edifice, having stood 
one hundred and eight years, bowed to the spirit of improvement. Its 
dimensions were 50 feet front by 20 in depth, having a hall and two 
rooms on a floor. Although it had been somewhat modernized inter- 
nally, the massive beams and braces projecting into the rooms, the an- 
cient waiiiscoting, and the iron tigureson the gable ends, involuntarily 
carried the mind back to dwell upon the days of old. It arrested the 
antiquarian fancy of Washington Irving, and is described by him in 
the story of Dolph Heyliger, in Bracebndge Hall, as the residence of 
Heer Antony Vanderheyden. The weatherfane, a horse under great 
stress of speed, now glitters above the peaked turret of the porlal at 
Sunny Side, Mr. Irving having secured that relic from the hands of the 
destroyer, to adorn his unique country seat. 

Of the gable enJers thai graced Pearl street in the palmy days of the 
Vanderheyden Palace, when the street was yet carpeted with verdure, 
instead of paving stones, but two remain on the same side of the way, 
another on the corner of Columbia, and one on the corner of State street, 
about which we shall have occasion to speak hereafter. 



280 



Wendell House. 




THE WENDELL HOUSE, 
No. 98 STATE STREET: ERECTED 1716; DEMOLISHED 1841. 

This ancient edifice stood on the south side of State street, the easterly 
line being a lit'le over one hundred feel west of the westerly line of 
South Pearl street. It was built and occupied by Harmanus Wendell, 
in the year 1716, as was indicated by the iron figures upon its front, 
after the manner of the day. The figures are barely observable in 
the woodcut on close inspection ; the engraver not havin? given them 
sufficient prominence. Mr. Wendell was engaged in the fur trade, and 
no doubt many a curious and characteristic scene of Dutch and Indian 
traffic was carried on within its walls. The building was torn down on 
the sixth day of September, 1841, for the purpose of erecting a four 
story brick store on its site, by Messrs. John V. L. Pruyn and Henry H. 
Martin, the present owners of the property. The door and bow win- 
dows in the first story, and the steps in front exhibit the lower portion 
of the building in its original situation, as ascertained from persons who 



Wendell House. 281 

occupied it long since. Some years before its demolition, the steps were 
removed, and the doors and windows lengthened so as to conform to the 
level of the street; previously to which, a covered passage way had 
been constructed for the side entrance, with a door in front, which was 
its situation when it was taken down. The Stevenson House, described 
on a subsequent page, and razed at the same time, adjoined the lot on 
the east, with the passage way referred to between. This relic of the 
olden time had become so dilapidated by its great age, and the walls so 
impaired by the excavations made around them, as to render its removal 
necessary. The editor of the Albany drgus alluded to the subject at 
the time, and made the following retrospective observations in connection 
with the event : 

" What changes has it not witnessed in its life of one hundred and 
twenty-five years! Then, the great and far west, save the French posts 
at Detroit, Mtchilimackinac, Chicago and Du Quesne (Pittsburgh), the 
French settlements at New Orleans and at Natchez, and a few scattered 
hamlets or posts on the Ohio and Illinois, was inhabited solely by the 
nations and tribes of Indians, from the Six Nations of our own colony 
and region, to the more remote Ottawas, Wyandots, Ottagamie?, Hurons, 
Chippewas, &c. Only thirty-five years before, the adventurous La Salle 
had launched the first vessel on the great lakes, had reached the Mis- 
sissippi, and traced it to its mouth. It was only a few years after the 
first great council of all the distinguished chiefs of the various tribes 
from Quebec to the Mississippi had been convened at Montreal, with 
barbaric pornp and imposing ceremonial, and the power of New France 
strengthened by new alliances with the natives. It was fifteen years 
after the expedition under M. Cadillac had established the post at De- 
troit. It was only three years after the chiefs of the Ottawas, having 
been invited to Albany, returned, disaffected to the French, and at once 
commenced the siege of Detroit. It was nearly half a century before 
the English conquest of New-France and the Pontiac war, or gigantic 
confederation of that remarkable chief. The principal seats of the fur 
trade were Michilimackinac, Montreal and Albany; and the traffic be- 
tween the two latter places was as active and prosperous as it could be, 
in the hands of the subjects of rival powers. 

"The city (ancient Beverwyck) and the manorial settlement, including 
Fort Orange, were little else than a fortified village, with the old church 
at the foot and in the middle of State street, a few stores and trading 
places in Chapel street (then Barrack street), and scattered residences 
on the margin of the river and in the vicinity of Fort Orange, afterwards 
called Court, now Market street. The city charter had then been granted 
about thirty years; und the appearance of the city is described as being 
that of a small town, with two principal streets crossing each other, in 
one of which (State street) were all the public buildings, viz., the town- 
house, two churches (English and Dutch), guard-house, market, &c. 
There were three docks: Tower, or king's dock, middle and upper, and 
vessels were unloaded by the aid of canoes lashed together, on which a 
platform was built and the goods placed. The population may have 
numbered 1000 : it was 3506 seventy-four years afterwards (in 1790). 

" In the progress of improvement, these two buildings are soon to give 
place to a spacious structure, for stores, public rooms, &c. &c. We 
confess that we regret the disappearance of these antique remains of the 



2S2 United States Creditors. 

early history of our city. Upon the demolition of the ancient tenemen 
of the fur dealer, which will quickly follow its associate at the cor.ne 
of North Pearl and Steuben streets*, not more than one of that age wi! 
re main in State street, and scarcely another in the city ; although a fe\ 
in North Pearl street and in the Colonie, of an uncertain age, but full < 
century in years, will continue to present their eables to the eyes of th 
curious. We regret it, because, go where you will in this new country 
you see only the impress and handiwork of the present age. Even ii 
places the earliest settled in the country and where the trace and fashioi 
of its dawn exist if any where every thing ancient, every thing vene 
rable, every memorial of other times, is swept away, or carefully con 
cealed under modern alterations or thick strata of paint and whitewash 
as if it were a sin to recal old things and scenes, or a duty to dwell cnl; 
among the very latest devices of the architect and the calculator of rent 
and profits." 



MEETING OF UNITED STATES CREDITORS. 

On the 30th September, 1782, a meeting of the creditors of the Unite< 
States, in the state of New York, was held in the City Hall in Alban) 
Philip Schuyler, chairman; the object of which was to lay their claim 
before the public, in an address, and to suggest a general convention o 
deputies from the public creditors of each state, to devise ways am 
means of payment. Philip Schuyler, Abraham Ten Broeck, Leonan 
Gansevoort, John N. Bleecker, Robert McClallen, and Lucas Van Vegh 
ten were appointed to receive communications and correspond with othe. 
committees. Alluding to the successive violations of the public engage 
ments, and a recent and aggravating one, the withholding the inleres 
hitherto paid by bills on France, upon the moneys loaned previous t 
March 1st, 1778, they observe, " that its weight is most oppressive!; 
felt by those whose zeal in the cause, and confidence in their countr; 
have been most conspicuous ; who in limes of danger have demonstrate 
their concern for the common safety, by voluntary deposits, in some in 
stances of the whole, in others of a large part of their fortunes, in th 
public funds, and who now, many of them at least, feel themselve 
reduced from affluence to indigence, from circumstances of ease an 
plenty to penury and unaffected distress. They can not but add that ther 
are others, not less meritorious, who have experienced perhaps even . 
worse fate ; those who having made subsequent loans, have long sine 
seen the payment of interest cease ; nnd those, who, when the distresse 
of the army have had no resource but in the patriotism of individual' 
have cheerfully parted with the fruits of their industry, scarcely reserv- 
ing a sufficiency for the subsistence of their own families, without an 
compensation since, besides the consciousness of having been the bene 
factors of their country." 

* Now occupied by the stately resilience of Dr. Barent P. St.iats 



Si even SOn 




THE STEVENSON HOUSE. 
ERECTED 1780; DEMOLISHED 1841. 

The above engraving will be recognized by many as an old acquain- 
tance. It was a massy and spacious edifice, commenced by the late John 
Stevenson. Esq., at the time of the breaking out of the American re- 
volution, and finished about 1730. fifteen years after the completion of 
the present Mansion House of Stephen Van Rensselaer. For nearly half 
a century it was the mansion of the Stevenson family, and was occupied 
by Mr. Van Buren during the period he held the office of governor of 
this stale. It was afterwards rented as a hotel, and finally became the 
headquarters or committee rooms of the democratic party of the city, 
when its walls resounded to the eloquence of Counsellor Gaffney, and 
other favorite orators of the day. Its architecture was of a style that 
became popular at a period subsequent to t! at of the erection of its 
neighbor ; a few 7 specimens of which still remain in different parts of the 
city. 

It w T as in the adjoining building, on the left, that Mr. James Stevenson, 
commenced the practice of the law, and that Mr. John Lovett had his 
office It was in that building also that Mr. Jacob Green, afterwards 
professor of chemistry in Jefferson College, Philadelphia, for some time 
kept a bookstore ; and it was in this bookstore that Mr. John T. Norton, 
now a retired merchant, made his debut in Albany, as a clerk. 



Survey of State Street 

ALBANY, 

MADE IN 

1792 

JOHN BOGERT. 



L o d g e 



John Green. 



John Saunders. ^ 



Rev. T. Ellison. 



RobtYatesEsq. 



JohnEaston. 



Jacob Van Ingen. 



Bloomendall. 



H. Wendell. 

S 

Roseboom. 7 

CT 

Abm. Wendell. 7 

e 
Jolin Stevenson. . 

Shephard. ^ 

liHf 

Street. 




159 feet wide. 




152 feet wide. 



Street. 




Barrack Street. 



PhilipS. Van 
Rensselaer. 



Webster. 



o 

^ S. Pruyn. 



^ Livingston. 



Elm 
Tree 



2 Pearl Street. 

i 



State Street in 1792. 2S5 



STATE STREET IN 1792. 

In connection with the foregoing, a diagram of the section of State 
street lying between Pearl and Lodge streets, is introduced. The original 
map appears to have been made from actual survey by John Bogert, in 
1792. The dimensions of the lots upon State street, and the name of 
the owners at that time, are given; together with the location of the 
Episcopal Church and the Fort, edifices which disappeared half a cen- 
tury ago. 

The old English Church, which stood in the centre of State street 
opposite Barrack, now Chapel street, was erected in 1715. It was al- 
luded to b) Kalm thirty-four years afterwards as being built of stone, 
without a steeple, and standing directly under the Fort. The tower on 
the west end was a distinct structure, erected after 1750. The bell was 
cast in England, and is still used in St Peter's Church, bearing this in- 
scription : "St. Peter's Church in Albany, 1751 ; J. Ogilvie, minister; 
J. Stevenson, E. Collins, wardens." The Rev. Thomas Ellison was the 
last rector who officiated in the old church. We hope to have it in our 
power to present a history of this church in the next volume. 

On the northwest corner of the church, and directly in contact with it, 
stood the City Fire Engine House. The engine kept within it was the 
only one which the authorities provided for the protection of the city 
against fire. It is represented to have been a very superior machine, 
and was one of the only two manufactured by the elder John Mason, a 
celebrated machinist of Philadelphia its counterpart was for a long 
time in possession of the Diligent Fire Company of that city. 

As we contemplate the map, and reflect upon the changes which have 
been wrought upon the owners and occupants of these lots during the 
Jast half century, a melancholy yet agreeable interest is awakened. A 
multitude of thoughts will present themselves to the octogenarian, skilled 
in antique lore and the traditions of early times, of scenes that will remain 
unwritten. Beginning at the foot of the map on the south side, the 
name of Mr. Lewis marks the site of the City Tavern, then, and until 
the Tontine was opened by Matthew Gregory, the great house of the 
day. It was removed to open the street, which was a narrow arched 
passage way at this time, having a gate to protect the entrance into the 
street below, known as Washington street, now South Pearl. A part or 
the whole of the Shepard lot was subsequently taken in extending the 
breadth of the street. 

The street in the rear of the lots above Pearl street, is described in a 
Dutch deed of 1680, given by Dr Abram Staats to the Lutheran Church, 
as " the old road belonging to Mr. Pretty, Jacob Sanders, Johannes 
Wendell, Myndert Harmense, and Hendrick Cuyler. Mr. Pretty was 
the first sheriff under the English charter, and occupied the whole or a 
part of the large lot afterwards owned by Mr. John Stevenson. 
; Of the Wendell house we have already spoken. In the rear of it was 
the printing office of Solomon South wick, where the Albany Register was 
issued, and the state printing performed, by him, and is still standing. 



286 State Street in 1792. 

The house and lot designated as the premises of Mr. Roseboom, were 
for a time the residence of Thomas Shipboy, another eminent merchant, 
who died in the year 1798. The old edifice is concealed behind a mo- 
dern front, but its zuydelyk aspect indicates its origin unmistakeably. 
Mr. Shipboy afterwards occupied the house No. 56 State street, sub 
sequently the store of the late Christian Miller the strong walls of 
which have also been carried up so as to present the appearance of a 
modern structure. 

The two next are the site of the American Hotel, belonging to the 
descendants of the late William James. They were occupied by the great 
printing and publishing house of the Hosfords, which went down in 1825. 

The Van Ingen property is now the residence of Erastus Corning, Esq. 

The next belongs to the estate of the late William Gould, who ere -ted 
a graceful modern edifice, and acquired a handsome fortune upon the 
premises as a law bookseller. 

The house of Judge Yates is still standing, and was occupied by his 
son, John Van Ness^Yates, of distinguished memory, until his death, 
which occurre 1 a few years ago. 

The house occupied by Mr. Ellison is also still standing, looking * 
little the worse for its age, although it never had much pretension t| 
elegance. It is now the properly of Philip Wendell, Esq.; the upp{ 
part occupied by him as a dwelling, and the lower part has long be-1 . 
the well known chair factory of L. McChesney. 

The late Killian K. Van Rensselaer married a descendant of Mr. John 
Sanders, of Schenectady, and inherited the lot which bears the name oj 
the latter on the map. Mr. Van llensselaer erected a large dwelling! 
house upon the premises, in which he resided till his death a few year? 
ago, since which it has been occupied by Mrs. BrinckerhofF as a ladies' 
boarding school. 

A large wooden building, which was built before the revolution, and 
we believe for a time used as a tavern, occupied the corn r of John 
Green. In this building the Albany Academy was opened in 1815. It 
was burnt in 1S47; when a substantial brick edifice was erected upon 
its site, by the heirs of the late KiUian K. Van Kensselaer ; to whom the 
property belongs. 

The position of the Fort is believed to be very accurately given. The 
northeast bastion occupied the ground where the Episcopal Church now 
stands. Its foundations were as high as the top of that church. It was 
the fourth place selected for a fort, and was first, it appears, enclo-ed 
by stockades merely. The diagram here given was made by the Rev. 
John Miller, a chaplain of the Enslish army, in 1695, when it was sur- 
rounded by a ditch. It is purposed at a future day to give a view of the 
Fort taken at a subsequent period, when it had undergone important 
improvements, and to prepare as full a history of it as it may be possible 
to gather at this day. 



/-'' 



H 







4b w/l 






State Street in 1792. 

West. 



2S7 




1. Governor of Albany's house. 

2. Officers' lodgings. 

3. Soldiers' lodgings. 

4. Flag-staff mount. 

5. Magazine, 
fi. Dial mount. 
7. Town mount. 



East. 

8 Well. 

9. Sentry boxes. 

11. Sallyport. 

12. Ditch fortified with stakes. 

13. Gardens. 

14. Stockade. 

15. Fort gate. 

The square in the occupation of William Muir was long since divided 
up for residences and shops. 

The house of the worthy old mayor, Philip S. Van Rensselaer, younger 
brother of the patroon, is still occupied by his widow. 

The next three lots form the well-known Webster Corner. After the 
memorable fire of 1793, in which the printing office of Mr. Webster was 
consumed, he took the white house on the Livingston lot, which stands 
there at this day. The two lots above it were purchased and built upon 
by himself and brother George, where they resided during their lives. 
The corner property also came into their hands, and became the theatre 
of a very extensive printing and publishing business. In the palmy days 
of the establishment, it was customary twice a week to load with school 
and other books for the western country, one of those old-fashioned two- 
story freight wagons, so common before the opening of the canal. There 
were no heresies in those days against Webster's Spelling Book. 

Intimately associated with the reminiscences of this corner, is the elm 
tree which throws its rugged arms across the street, and enjoys so ex- 
traordinary a degree of popular favor, as to defy the plodding traffickers 
below, whose signs are obscured by its foliage, to lop a limb or touch a 
twig. This corner was the property of Philip Livingston, one of the 
signers of the Declaration of Independence, who was born in Albany in 
1716 ; and the earliest reminiscence we have of the tree, is the circum- 
stance of his having, when a young man, rebuked a sailor, whom he 
observed preparing his knife to cut it down, then a mere switch. From 
this datum we may infer that the elm is more than a hundred years old. 

The Lydius Corner, opposite, was occupied at the time of the survey 



288 A Canadian Invasion. 

by a very eccentric old gentleman, Balthazar Lydius. He died on the 
17th November, 1815, aged 78, and was the last male descendant of his 
family, which was ancient and respectable. The house in which he lived 
was imported from Holland : bricks, woodwork, tiles, and ornamental 
irons, with which it was profusely adorned, expressly for the use of ihe 
Rev. Gideon Schaets, who arrived in 1652. The materials for the house 
arrived simultaneously with the old bell and pulpit, 1657. It was sup- 
posed to be the oldest brick building in North America at the time of its 
removal in 1832. The modern Apothecaries Hall was erected by Mr 
George Dexter upon its site. 



A CANADIAN INVASION. 

In the year 1687 the French in Canada made preparations to invade 
the Five Nations under the protection of New York. Information was 
received at Albany in the fall, of the movements of the enemy, where- 
upon the following proceedings were had in council. (See Doc. Hitt. 
N. Y., p. 272.) 

Council Held at ffort James ; ffriday the Ninth of September 1687. 
Present His Excv the Govern' &.c. 

Inforrnacon being given to his EXCY and some of the Members of 
y e Board that y e ffrench at Canada are providing fifteen hundred pair 
of Snowshews. 

Ordered that y e Mayor and Magistrates of Albany send ord* s to the 
five Nations to bring Down their Wives Children and old men least 
y e ffrench come uppon them in the Winter and none to stay in the Cas- 
tles but y e yong men. That they who come be setled some at Cats Kill 
Levingstons land and along y e River where they can find Conveniency 
to be neer us to assist them if they should want and that they send 
Downe with them all y e Indyan Corne that can be spared by y e Young 
Men who are to stay in ye Castles. 

Councill Held at ffort James : Sonday the 11^ of Septembr 1687. 
Present His Excy the Govern 1 " &c. 

Letters from Albany giveins account that the people there are in 
great Consternation thro apprehension that ye ffrench will come down 
uppon them this Winter. 

Resolved that Every tenth man of all y e Militia troupes & Companys 
within the Province Except, those who were out y e last yeare a whaling 
be Drawn out to go up thither. 

Accordingly, forces were sent to Albany, and Gov. Dongan came up 
himself to assist in sustaining the Indians against their enemies. By 
the report of Robert Livingston, made to the Council, April 30, 1688, of 
his disbursements at Albany, for the maintenance of the forces, gifts 
and presents to the Indians; and relief of French prisoners, from 
August 11, 1687, to June 1, 1688, amounted to 2067 6s. 4d. It ap- 
pears that these expenses required a new levy of 2556 4s. to be made 
upon all the inhabitants and free holders of the province, of which 
sum the proportion allotted to the city and county of Albany was 240 



A Scene of the Revolution in Albany. 289 

($570.) The pay of officers and soldiers employed in the service, was 
as follows : 

The Major ten Shillings Cur lt Money of this Province. 

per diem. per diem. 



The Capt of horse 0.10.0 

The Lievt d 0. 7 
The Cornett ... 0. 6.0 

The Quartermaster - - 0. 5.0 

The Corporal! - - 0. 2.0 

The Trumpiter - . 0. 2.0 

The Troopers . - 0. 1.6 



The Capt offffoolt - - 0.8.0 

The Lievt - - - 0.4.0 

The Ensi.sne - - - 0.3.0 

The Sergeant - - 0.1.6 

The Corporall - - - 0.1.0 

The Drumheater - - 0.1.0 
The rest of the private men 0.0.8 



A SCENE OF THE REVOLUTION IN ALBANY. 

In the spring of 1778; we went down to Bethlehem and brought home 
our cattle that had wintered there. As we were driving them slowly 
back, and as we entered Albany on our return, we met in State ;>treet 
a procession of novel character moving slowly up the hill. We percei- 
ved seven persons dressed in white, and soon learned ihey were of that 
unfortunate class of disaffected men, who to bad political principles had 
added crimes against society, which even a state of war would not 
justify. At Schodack they had distinguished themselves by a series of 
desperate acts not lobe patiently endured by the community, and when 
they were taken prisoners their fate seemed inevitable. These men 
had been confined for some time in the city prison, now known as the 
Old Museum, and had once made their escape, but only to enjoy their 
liberty for a few hours. Indeed the whole city was under arms when 
we saw them moving to the fatal spot where they were to suiter. The 
public indignation was also much excited by their conduct in prison, 
and the circumstances attending their being brought to suffer the sen- 
tence of the Jaw. They were confined in the right hand room of the 
lower story of the prison. The door of their apaitment swung in a 
place cut out lower than the level of the floor. When the sheriff came 
to take them out he found the door barricaded. He procured a heavy 
piece of timber, with which he in vain endeavored to batter down the 
door, although he was assisted in the operation by some very athletic 
and willing individuals. During the attempt the voice of the prisoners 
was heard threatening death to those who persevered in the attempt, 
with the assertion that they had laid a train of powder to blow up 
themselves and their assailants. InJeed it was well asceitained that a 
quantity of powder hai passed into their possession, but how, could 
not be known. 

It was afterwards found placed under the floor an 1 arranged to pro- 
duce the threatened result. The sheriff could not effect his entrance, 
while a crowd of gazers looked on to see the end of this singular con- 
test. Some one suggested the idea of getting to them through the ceil- 
in2, and immediately went to work to effect a passage by culling a hole 
through. While this was going on the the prisoners renewed Iheir 
threats, with vows of vengeance, speedy, awlul and certain. The as- 



290 Tory Execution Place Gov. Tryon in Albany. 

sailants however persevered and as I was informed, and never heard 
contradicted, procured a fire-engine, and placed it so as to introduce the 
hose suddenly to the hole in the ceiling, and at a signal inundated the 
room beneath. This was dexterously performed. The powder and 
its train were in an instant rendered useless. Still, however to descend 
was the difficulty, as but one person could do so at a time. The dis- 
proportion of physical strength that apparently awaited the first 
intruder, prevent -d for some time any further attempt. At last an 
Irishman, by the name of McDole, who was a merchant, exclaimed, 
"Give me an Irishman's gun, and I will go first." He was provided 
instantly with a formidable cudgel, an 1 with this in his hand he de- 
scended, and at the same moment in which he struck the floor, he 
levelled the prisoner near him, and continued to lay about him valiantly 
until the room was filled with a strong party of citizens who came to his 
assistance through the hole in the ceiling. After a hard struggle they 
were secured, and the door which had been barricaded by brick taken 
from the fire-place was opened 

They were almost immediately taken out for execution, and the 
mob was sufficiently exasperated to have instantly taken their punish- 
ment into their own hands. The prisoners seemed to me when moving 
up the hill to wear an air of great gloom and i'l nature. No one ap- 
peared to pity them, and their own hopes of being released by some 
fortunate circumstance, as by the intervention of the enemy, had now 
vanished for ever. 

They arrived in a few minutes at the summit of the hill, near or at 
the very place now covered with new and elegant edifices, north and 
east of the Academy, and there upon one gallows of rude construction 
ended they their miserable lives together. Sexagenary. 



TORY EXECUTION PLACE. 

From a citizen who witnessed these scenes, we learn that the powder 
house in the time of the revolution was at a little distance west of the 
Academy Park. In front of it was a ravine, where the lories were hung 
and buried. The ravine ran north and south. They were stripped of 
their coats, hats and shoes, a bandage put over their eyes, in which 
condition they were executed, and buried in the ravine. 



GOVERNOR TRYON IN ALBANY. 

The city was honored by a visit from General Tryon, July 20th, 1772, 
on which occasion a public dinner was given him by the mayor and 
corporation at CartwrLht's tavern; and on the following day he gave 
an elegant entertainment to the mayor and corporation, the clergy, seve- 
ral gentlemen of the law, and the officers of the militia. On the 24ih 
(Friday) he set out for Schenectady, accompanied by Sir John Johnston, 
and several gentlemen and ladies, escorted by the Albany troop of 
cavalry. HeVas received there by his majesty's justices of the peace, 
and upwards of 800 of the militia of that township under arrrs. 




FIKST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

Corner of Hudson MIX! Philip streets. 



290 Tory Exec 

sailants however pe 
contradicted, procu 
hose suddenly to t' 
room beneath, 
its train were in 
was (he difficult 
proportion of ' 
intruder, prevf 
Irishman, by ' 
"Give me ar 
instantly wit 
scended, an 
levelled llu 

until the r 

assistant 
were sec 

from thf 
They 

mob w 

ment 

up tr 

peai 

fortun 

vanish*. 
They 

the very . 

east of the 

ended the' 



Fro 
housf 
Acar 
and 
the 

CO 



First Presbyterian Church. 293 



FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The new edifice, for the accommodation of this large and increasing 
congregation now worshipping in the church corner of Beaver and South 
Pearl streets, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Dr. J. N. Campbell, 
has been in the course of construction about two years. It is the third 
house built for the use of this society, the first two having been alluded 
to at pp. 130 - 132. The engraving opposite, by Mr. R. H. Pease, is a 
faithful representation of the edifice, which is the noblest specimen of 
church architecture in the city, as yet completed. 

The following are the names of its principal artificers: 

H. RECTOR, Architect. 

JOSHUA R. HAYES, Mason. 

ALEXANDER GRAY, Stonecutter. 

JAMES DENNISON & Co., Carpenters. 

BOYD & MCDONALD executed the mastic on the exterior, the plaster, 
stucco and fresco work of the interior. 

The workmanship, throughout, could scarcely be surpassed in ele- 
gance and stability. 

The entire building occupies an area of about one hundred and twenty 
by seventy-five feet ; and for the convenience of this brief description, 
the building may be arranged under three general divisions : the tower, 
occupying the east end; the centre, or main body of the building; and 
the projection at the west end. 

The tower is twenty-six feet square, and one hundred and fifty-six 
high : its external ornaments consisting of four octagonal turrets one 
at each corner, terminating in pinnacles; two belt mouldings; three 
clock faces; panelled belt; five windows; the entrance doors, and the 
parapet. 

The body of the building is ninety-seven by seventy-five feet, and 
forty-four feet to the top of the parapets; and relieved externally with 
eighteen buttresses, four turrets, and perl'orated for twelve windows. 

The projection at the west end is about thirty by seven feet, and con- 
tains two anle buttresses, cornice and parapet. 

The turrets and buttresses present their usual display of corbels, pe- 
diment mouldings, crocketed angles, and terminating finials to their re- 
spective pinnacles ; the belt and cave cornices are well formed and ju- 
diciously arranged ; the paneled course is filled with tracery; the clock 
faces furnished with architrave mouldings, crocketed bands, and ter- 
minating finials; the tower windows furnished with corbels, crocketed 
heads, and finials; and the principal entrance door has recessed jambs, 
columns, head moulding, tracery, cornice, tudor leaf parapet, side but- 
tresses, and side and center pinnacles. The parapets to the main body 
of the building, and to the projection at the west end, are plain ; that 
to the tower, open, and somewhat ornamented. The windows have 
double mullions, transoms, tracery heads, and are glazed with colored 
and figured glass manufactured for the express purpose. The facing to 
foundations, the steps, window heads, dressings, and all external orna- 
ments are of cut stone ; the other portions masticated to imitate stone. 

The principal entrance is into the east side of the lower. The tower 

26 



294 First Presbyterian Church. 

contains the inner porch, the screen doors, and the organ and bell lofts; 
also the apartment designed for the clock. The entrance to the organ, 
and to the choir gallery, is also through a portion of the tower ; and the 
west side of the tower is perforated and arched, in order to present a 
full view of the organ. The screen wall, dividing ihe hall and lobbies 
from the nave and aisles, is perforated for three doors corresponding 
with the inner passages along the several ranges of pews, and also for 
two doors leading to the galleries. Between the front and screen walls 
is a transverse hall which contains the staircases, all conveniently ar- 
ranged to give easy access to the different portions of the building. The 
area west of the screen wall, about seventy-seven by sixty-four feet, is 
divided by two ranges of columns into nave and side aisles : the columns 
form the support of the two ranges of galleries, and of the spandrels of 
the groined ceiling; the centre poriion, or nave, terminating at its west 
end in the recess containing the pulpit> steps, and private entrance; and 
at the east end, in the organ loft and gallery for the choir. 

The main ceiling is formed into three general divisions, corresponding 
with the nave and side aisles, by groined arches ornamented with ribs, 
bosses, and the usual display of ornament, and laid off to represent blocks 
of cut stone masonry, and frescoed : the ribs desceiid along the different 
curves of the arches, and rest in a cluster of mouldings upon the or- 
namented caps of the columns, and upon ornamented corbels along the 
walls. The ceilings of the galleries, and also those of the porch and 
hall, are ornamented with spandrels, resting upon corbels, and the angles 
filled with tracery. In each panel of the galleries, between the columns, 
are presented five arches resting upon corbels; end from each corbel 
rises a pinnacle, the arches and pinnacles ornamented with crockets and 
finials, and terminate below the gallery cornice : the unoccupied spaces 
are filled with tracery paneling. The gallery for the choir is finished 
similar to the others, except that the main divisions and angles are 
formed by projecting octagonal paneling, in form of turrets, and the 
tracery within the arches perforated quite through. 

Within the projection at the west end is formed the recess which 
terminates the west end of the nave, the floor of the recess forming the 
area occupied by the pulpit and steps. The recess is ornamented with 
columns, panels and tracery, and a blank window finishes its center ; the 
window presenting all the variety of mullions, tracery, transom crowned 
with tudor leaf, usual in ornamental windows. In one side of the recess 
is a private entrance, with a corresponding blank door at the opposite 
side, the arches of both finished with crockets and finials. The pulpit is 
not in a sufficient state of forwardness to admit of a particular descrip- 
tion, but will doubtless be in character with the other portions of the 
building. 

The main floor is intended to contain one hundred and fi'ty-eight pews, 
and the gallery forty-two. The choir will be of sufficient size to ac- 
commodate thirty persons. About twelve hundred persons can be ac- 
commodated in pews, gallery and choir, if required. The building is in- 
tended to be warmed by means of two furnaces located in the baesment. 

This church edifice, though entirely divested of the transepts, clere- 
story, hish ceilins. and lofty spires which characterize the cathedral 
form of church edifices, will be found nevertheless, upon careful inspec- 
tion, to present, in both general design and in detail, objects worthy the 
attention of the amateur and lover of the mechanic arts. 



Births, Marriages and Deaths in 1848. 295 

The lot on which this edifice is erected is on Hudson street, 150 feet 
in length, and on Philip street, on which it fronts, about 148 feet in 
breadth, enclosed by an iron fence of gothic structure. The organ, 
which is already put up, and is a full organ with three banks of keys, 
was made by Messrs. Appleton and Warren of Boston. The supposed 
cost of the whole structure will be nearly seventy thousand dollars. 



BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS, 1848. 

Abstract made from the returns of marriages, births and deaths, which. 

took place in the city of Albany during the year 1848: 

Marriages. Whole number of marriages returned, 629; do in which 
both parties resided in the city, 226 ; do one of the parties, 298 ; do both 
parties resided out of the city, 105 ; do the parties resided in MassachU' 
setts, 29; Connecticut, 5 ; Rhode Island, 2; and other States, 6. 

The marriages took place in the several months as follows: January 
34, February 33, March 21, April 45. May 57, June 47, July 51, Au- 
gust 61, September 73, October 80, November 63, December 59- 

Married in St John's church, 104 j do St. Joseph's, 71 j do St. Mary's, 
69: total, 244. 

Births. Whole number of births returned. 1325 ; males 448, females 
350, sex not stated 502 ; males (colored) 9, females do 9, sex not slated 
do 7 44 twin children, of which 22 are males and 10 females, and 12 
the sex not given. 

The births occurred in the several months as follows : January 97, 
February 70, March 108, April 85, May 92, June 87, July 117, August 
120, September 103, October 116, November 9S, December 130, un- 
known 102. 

Deaths The number of deaths returned for 1848 is 1218 ; males 645, 
females 488, males (colored) 2, do females 3, sex not stated 80, mar- 
ried 206, unmarried 726, not stated 2^6, native born 815, foreigners 403- 

Deaths in the several months as follows: January 126, February 99, 
March 121, April 89, May 90, June 72, July 136. August 145, Septem- 
ber 104, October 91, November 69, December 76 ; total, 1218. 

Number of those who died under the age of one year is 232 ; over 1 



year and under 5, 319 

over 5 and under 10, 66 

10 15, 31 

15 20, 27 

20 25, 62 

25 30, 59 

30 35, 59 

35 40, 60 

40 _ 45, 51 

45 50, 38 



over 50 and under 55, 40 

55 60, 23 j 
_60 65, 26 ; 

65 70, 17 ; 

70 75, 19 j 
_75 80, 9 ; 

80 85, 14 ; 

$5 90, 7 ; 
_ 90 _ 95, 3 ; 

95 100, 1 ; 



age not given, 55. 

Average age of the persons dying, 20 years and 20 days. 

Diseases 151 died of consumption, 59 of diarrhoea, 29 of congestion 
of the brain, 26 of croup, 24 by accident, 20 of scarlet fever, 21 of 
teething, 13 of typhus fever, 13 of whooping cough, 252 other diseases, 
601 disease not staled. 



State Normal School. 297 



STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
In 1S48 the legislature passed an act for the permanent establishment 
of this school, and appropriated $15.000 for the erection of a suitable 
building for its purposes, and in the following year an additional ap- 
propriation of $10 ; 000 was made for its completion (p. 84, 85 ante). 
The edifice was finished in July 1849, and on the 31st day of that 
month the school was removed into it. It contains, besides the neces- 
sary study and recitation rooms, a dwelling for the principal, and is 
supposed to be amply commodious for all the purposes of the Institution. 
At the annual exercises of the institution, S. S. Randall, Esq. gave the 
following account of the origin and progress of the school, in the course 
of his remarks on the occasion. 

For several years prior to 1844, the attention of the friends of com- 
mon school education in this state had been strongly directed to the in- 
adequacy of the existing agencies for the preparation of duly qualified 
teachers for our elementary institutions of learning. Liberal endow- 
ments had, from tim2 to time, during a long series of years, been be- 
stowed upon the academies in different sections of the state, with a 
view to the attainment of this object ; but the practical inability of these 
institutions to supply the demand thus made upon them, with all the 
resources at their command, soon became obvious and undeniable. The 
establishment of normal schools for this special and exclusive purpose 
in various portions of Europe where popular education was most flour- 
ishing ; and in the adjoining state of Massachusetts, long and honorably 
distinguished for her superior public and private schools and the 
manifest tendency of these institutions to elevate and improve the quali- 
fications and character of teachers, had begun to attract the regard of 
many of our most distinguished statesmen. 

On a winter's afternoon, early in the year 1844, in a retired apart- 
ment of one of the public buildings in this city, might have been seen, 
in earnest and prolonged consultation, several eminent individuals whose 
names and services in the cause of education are now universally ac- 
knowledged. The elder of them was a man of striking and venerable 
appearance- of commanding intellect and benignant mien. By his side 
sat one in the prime and vigor of manhood, whose mental faculties had 
long been disciplined in the school of virtuous activity; and in every 
lineament of whose countenance appeared that resolute determination 
and moral power, which seldom fails to exert a wide influence upon the 
opinions and actions of men. The third in the group was a young man 
of slight frame and pale, thoughtful visage; upon whose delicate and 
slender form premature debility had palpably set its seal ; yet whose 
opinions seemed to be listened to by his associates, with the utmost de- 
ference and regard. The remaining figure was that of a well known 
scholar and divine, whose potent and beneficent influence had long heen 
felt in every department of the cause of popular education ; and whose 
energy, activity and zeal had already accomplished many salutary and 



298 State Normal School. 

much needed reforms in our system of public instruction. The subject 
of their consultation was the expediency and practicability of incorpo- 
rating upon me common school system of this state an efficient instru- 
mentality for the education of teai-hers. The utility of such a measure 
and ils importance to the present and prospective interests of education, 
admitted in the minds of these distinguished nun, of no doubt. The 
sole question was whether the public mind was sufficiently prepared 
for its reception and adoption ; whether an innovation so great and 
striking, and involving as it necessarily must, a heavy and continued 
expenditure of the public money, might not be strenuously and success- 
fully resisted ; and whether a premaiure and unsuccessful attempt then 
to carry into execution a measure of such vital importance, might not 
be attended with a disastrous influence upon the future prospects of the 
cause of education. These considerations, after being duly weighed, 
were unanimously set aside by the intrepid spirits then in council ; and 
it was determined that, backed by the strong and decided recommenda- 
tion of the head of ihe common school department, immediate measures 
should be forthwith adopted for the establishment of a STATE NORMAL 
SCHOOL. The men who thus gave the first decided impetus to the great 
enterprise, whose ^ratifying results are now before us, were SAMUEL 
YOUNG, CALVIN T. HULBURD, FRANCIS DWIGHT and ALONZO POTTER. 

Mr. Hulburd, the able and enlightened chairman of the committee on 
colleges, academies and common schools of the assembly, visited the 
normal schools of Massachusetts, and after a thorough examination of 
their merits and practical operations, submitted an elaborate and eloquent 
report to the house, in favor of the immediate adoption of this principle 
in our system of public instruction. The bill introduced by him, and 
sustained in all its stages by his powerful influence and indefatigable ex- 
ertions, and the cooperation of the most zealous friends of education 
throughout the state, became a law, and appropriated the sum of $10,000 
annually for five successive years, for the purpose of establishing and 
maintaining a state normal school in this city. The general control of 
the institution was committed to the regents of the university, by whom 
an executive committee, consisting of five persons, one of whom was to 
be the superintendent of common schools, was to be appointed, upon 
whom the direct management, discipline and course of instruction of the 
school should devolve. 

In pursuance of this provision, the board of regents in June, 1846, 
appointed a committee, comprising the Hon. SAMUEL YOUNG then su- 
perintendent of common schools, the Rev. ALOKZO POTTER, Rev. WIL- 
LIAM H CAMPBELL, Hon. GIDEON HAWLEY. and FRANCIS DWIGHT. Esq. 
This committee forthwith entered upon the execution of their responsi- 
ble duties; procured on very liberal and favorable terms from the city 
of Albany the lease for five years of the spacious building in State street 
recently occupied by the Institution ; prescribed the necessary rules and 
regulations for the instruction, government and discipline of the school, 
the course of study to be pursued, the apportionment and selection of the 
pupils. &c., and procured the services of the late lamented and distin- 
guished principal, then of Newburyporl, Massachusetts, togllur with 
his colleague, the present principal, as teachers. On Ihe 18th day of 
December, 1844, the school was opened in the presence of a large con- 
course of citizens and strangers, by an eloquent address from Col. 



fc A 

State Normal School. 29 

' 

YOUNG, and by other appropriate and suitable exercises. Twenty-nine 
pupils, thirteen males and sixteen females, representing fourteen coun- 
ties only, of botli sexes, were in attendance, who alter listening to a 
brief but clear and explicit declaration from Mr. PAGE, of his objects, 
views and wishes in the management and direction of the high duties 
devolved upon him, entered at once upon the course of studies pi escribed 
for the school. Before the close of the first term on the llth of March, 
1844, the number of pupils had increased to 98, comprising about an 
equal number of each sex, and lepresenting forty of the fifty-nine coun- 
ties of the state. During this term the musical department of the school 
was placed under the charge of Prof. ILSLEY of this city, and instruction 
in drawing was imparted by Prof. J. B. HOWARD. 

On the commencement of the second term, on the 9th of April, 1845, 
170 pupils were in attendance, comprising a nearly equal proportion of 
males and females, and representing every county in the state, with a 
single exception. Of these pupils, about nine tenths had b< en previ- 
ously engaged in teaching during a longer or shorter period. The term 
closed on the 27th of August with a public examination and other suit- 
able exercises, and thirty-four of the students received the certificate of 
the executive committee and board of instruction, as in their judgment 
well qualified in all essential respects, to teach any of the common 
schools of the state. 

On the 15th of October succeeding, the school reopened with 180 
pupils, which was increased during theproaress of the term to 198, from 
every county of the state but one. The death of Mr. DWIGHT, which 
took place on the 15th of December, and the transfer of the Rev. Dr. 
POTTER to the episcopal diocese of Pennsylvania, created vacancies in 
the executive committee, which were supplied by the appointment of 
the Hon. HARMANUS BLEECKER and the Hon. SAMUEL YOUNG, the latter 
gentleman having been succeeded in the office of superintendent of com- 
mon schools by the Hon. N. S. BENTON of Herkimer. The sudden death 
of Mr. Dwight, who had taken a deep interest in the prosperity and 
success cf the institution, and had given to its minutest details the be- 
nefit of his personal supervision and constant attention, cast a deep 
gloom upon the inmates ; and the peculiar circumstances under which 
it took place were strikingly indicative of the vain and illusory nature 
of all human expectations. For several weeks previous to his death, 
Mr. Dwisht had manifested much interest in devising appropriate means 
for the celebration of the anniversary of the opening of the school, on 
the 18th of December. Alas! how little could he imagine that the long 
line of normal pupils, with the children of the various public schools of 
the city, to whom he had been a signal benefactor, and hundreds of his 
fellow-citizens should, on that day, follow his lifeless remains to their 
Jons: home! 

At the close of the third term, March 18, 1846, a public examination 
was held which continued during four successive days, and convinced 
all who felt an interest in the institution, that the work of preparation 
for the teacher's life was, in all respects, thorough and complete. The 
diploma of the institution was conferred on 47 graduates. 

During this and the preceding term a valuable addition had been made 
to the board of instruction, by promoting to the charge of several of the 
principal departments, those graduates of the institution who now so 






300 Slate Normal School. 

ably and successfully preside over these departments The experimental 
school, organized at the commencement of the second term, was placed 
under the general supervision of its present teacher, and has proved an 
exceedingly valuable auxiliary in the practical preparation of the pupils 
of the principal school, for the discharge of their duty as teachers. 

Two hundred and five pupils were in attendance at the commence- 
ment of ihe fourth term, on the first Monday of May, 1846, of whom 63 
received a diploma at its close in September following. During the 
fifth term, commencing on the 21 of November, 178 pupils only ap- 
peared, 46 or' whom graduated in March 1847. At the commencement 
however of the sixth term in May, subsequently, 221 pupils were in 
attendance, of whom 64 received the diploma of the institution in Sep- 
tember; and at the reopening of the school in November, 205 appeared. 
Up to this period the number of names entered on the register of the 
school as pupils, including those in attendance at the commencement of 
the seventh term was 737. Of these 254 had received their diploma as 
graduates, of which number 222 were actually engaged in teaching in 
the common schools of the state; and the residue, with few exceptions, 
in the different academies or private schools. Of those who had left 
the school without graduating, nearly all were engaged during a longer 
or shorter period in leaching in the several schools. 

And now came that dark and gloomy period when the hitherto brilliant 
prospects of the institution were overcast with deep clouds of melancholy 
and despondency when that noble form and towering intellect which, 
from the commencement of the great experiment in progress, had assid- 
uously presided over and watched its developement, was suddenly 
struck down by the relentless hand of the great destroyer when the be- 
reaved and stricken flock, deprived of their revered and beloved guide, 
teacher, friend, mournfully assembled in their accustomed halls on that 
dreary and desolate January day, at the commencement of the year 184S, 
to pay the last sad obsequies to the remains of their departed principal. 
In the prime and vigor of his high faculties in the meridian brightness 
of hi? lofty and noble career in the maturity of his well earned fame as 
" first among the foremost" of the teachers of America, he passed a way 
from among us, and sought his eternal reward in that belter land where 
the ills and the obstructions of mortality are forever unknown ; where 
the emancipated spirit, freed from the clogs which here fetter its higher 
action and retard its noblest development, expands its illimitable ener- 
gies in the congenial atmosphere of infinite knowledge and infinite love. 
It is not for me, on the present occasion to pronounce his eulogy, 
although I knew and loved him well. That has already been done by 
an abler hand, and it only remains to say that the impress which his 
masterly and well trained mind left upon this institution, the child of his 
most sanguine hopes and earnest efforts, and upon the interests of edu- 
cation generally throughout the state, of which he was the indefatigable 
promoter, has been of the most marked character, and will long conse- 
crate his name and memory. 

Since this p-riod the progress of the institution under the auspices of 
its present enlightened principal, and his devoted corps of assistants has 
been uniformly onward and upward. At the close of the seventh term 
50 pupils were graduated, and the eighth term onened with 208, of whom 
46 received their diploma at its close. The ninth term opened on the 






State Normal School. 301 



first day of November last with 175 pupils, and at its close 43 were 
graduated, and the tenth term which has now just closed, opened with 
upwards of 200 pupils, of whom 36 are now about to graduate. 

During the session of the legislature of '48, a bill was introduced in 
the senate providing the requisite funds for the erection of a new and 
suitable building in the city of Albany, for the permanent use of the 
Normal School, and rendering the annual appropriation for its support 
permanent. Through the active and unremitted exertions of the present 
principal this bill became a law, and under its provisions the noble and 
spacious edifice in which we are now assembled has been erected. A 
few weeks only have elapsed since the school was transferred to its new 
location ; and notwithstanding the prevalence of a most gloomy and 
unhealthy season, the attendance of nearly 200 pupils of both sexes, 
upon the regular exercises of the institution, during the whole of the 
term now about to close, indicates the firm hold which it possesses upon 
the affections and regard of its inmates. Through the merciful permis- 
sion of a superintending power, one only of the pupils of the school has 
fallen before the devastating pestilence which has swept over our land. 
And while we bow in humble submission to the stroke which thus 
solemnly reminded us of our habitual dependence upon Him in whom 
\ve " live and move and have our being" we may, without presumption, 
offer up our grateful thanksgiving for the preservation of so many lives, 
thus fearfully exposed to the ravages of the destroyer. 

For all substantial purposes, therefore, the Normal School may now 
be regarded as permanently engrafted upon the settled policy of the 
state, as a portion of its noble system of public instruction. 



The edifice is entirely plain in its finish, and attention has been given 
to its ventilation. The front on Lodge street is 120, and that upon 
Howard 78 feet, upon each of which is an entrance ; that upon Lodge 
for the female members of the institution, and the one upon Howard for 
the male. The building- is divided into four stories (with a basement 
some six feet high), each of which contains a large or principal room 
for lectures and the general meeting of classes, and several for recita- 
tions. Rooms upon the first floor are arranged for the laboratory, the 
residence of the janitor, and the usual reception room ; those upon the 
second, more expressly for the experimental department ; the third, for 
general lecture and recitation rooms, and the fourth for the opening and 
closing exercises of the school, and the closing exercises of the term. 

This is said to be the largest room in the city, being 46 feet wide by 
98 long ; and it is suggested as an appropriate one for concerts, lectures, 
&c. A novel feature in its construction is that it is divested of pillars, 
or any visible mean? by which the roof is supported ; it being sustained 
entirely by trussed timbers. 

The original draft of the building (which included the residence of 
the principal in its design, and which is retained in its construction) was 
intended to be completed in the most approved manner, with all the 
necessary arrangements and conveniences which belong loan institution 
of its capacity; but the draft exceeding the appropriation, it was found 
necessary to make alterations in its entire finish and model ; and con- 
sequently the entire building, if we except the principal's residence, has 
undergone considerable change in its structure and finish from the ori- 



302 Civil Officers of Albany for 1693. 

ginal design. Yet, notwithstanding this necessary reduction, the building 
and its furniture and fixtures will compare favorably with any similar 
institution in the state for convenience and adaptation to the wants of its 
professors and pupils. 

The original draft of the building, and from which, in a form much 
modified, it has been erected, was made by that efficient and scientific 
architect, Mr. George I. Penchard ; the masonry was executed by the 
competent firm of Orr &. Cunningham, and the wood work by the well 
known establishment of Mr. James Denniston. 



CIVIL OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF ALBANY, 1693. 

The militia of the county consisted of 359 men, commanded by Major 
Peter Schuyler, divided into five companies of foot and one of horse. 
Peter Schuyler Esq Mayor 
Dirck Wessels Esq Recorder 
Robt Livingston Esq Town Clerk 
John A pell Esq r Sherriffe 

The Aldermen, Collectors, Assessors and Constables elective. 

The Mayor's Court hath the Power of the Comon Pleas. 

In each County there is a Court of Comon Pleas whereof the first in 
the Commission of the peace is Judge, and is to be assisted with any 
two of the three next in the commission of the Peace. 

The Mayor and Aldermen are Justices of the Peace and have power 
to hold Quarter Sessions in the Citlys of N. York & Albany. 

Justices of the Peace : In the County of Albany to joyne the Mayor 
Record^ and Aldermen in the Quarter Sessions. 
Eehbert Theunisse ) Nicholas Rispe } 

Kilian van Ranslaer ( ,-, Sanders Glenn ( n 

Martin Gerritse ( ^ Peter Vosbrough ? ^ R(I 

Dirck Theunisse ; Gerryt Theunisse ) 

The following is a list of the officers of the militia of the county of 
Albany, in the year 1700, when the regiment numbered 371 men. 

Peter Schuyler, Col., Lt. Col., Dyrck Wessel Is, Ma j., Field officers. 

Of a Fool Company in the city of A Ibany : Johannes Bleeker, Cap- 
tain; Johannes Roseboome Leiut.; Abra: Cuyler, Ensigne; Com n Offi- 
cers. 

Of another Foote Com a in ye said city: Albert Rykman, Captain; 
Wessel ten Broek, Lieut.; Johannes Thornasse, Ensigne. 

Of another Foot Cornp a in the said County : Martin Cornelise, Cap- 
tain ; Andris Douw, Lieut.; Andris Koyman, Ensign. 

Of another Foot Comp a in the said County : Gerrit Teunisse, Cap- 
tain; Jonas Douw, Jochern Lamerse, Lieut 9 -; Volckart V. Hoesem, Abra- 
Hanse, Ensignes. 

Of a Foot Comp a in ye town of Schenectady : Johannes Sanderse 
Glen. Captain; Adam Woman, [Vrooman?] Lieut.; Harman V. Slyke, 
Ensign* 3 . 

Of the Troope of Horse in y e said Resiment: Kilian Van Renslaer 
Captain; Johannes Schuyler, Lieut ; Bennone V. Corlaer, Cornet; An- 
thony Brics, Quartermaster. 




Cheap Postage System in Albany. 



303 



OPERATION OF THE CHEAP POSTAGE SYSTEM IN ALBANY. 

The returns of the postmaster, Mr James D. Wasson, of the number 
of letters, newspapers, pamphlets and magazines received at the Post- 
Office in Albany during the month of October, 1845, were as follows : 



No. of unpaid and paid letters, at 5 cents, 
11 " " at 10 

" free letters, at 5 

" " at 10 

dropped letters, at 2 

printed circulars, ... at 2 

newspapers chargeable and free, 19,280 

pamphlets and magazines, 410 



34,656 

3,804 

162 

65 

730 

257 



"he following is a transcript of the returns for October, 1843, no 
account having been kept in 1844: 



No. of letters at 






cents, .................. 2,127 

10 " .................. 3,372 

12 " .................. 10,006 

18! " .................. 8.182 

25 .................. '864 

to postmasters, .............. 1,597 

to members of Congress, ...... 172 

drop letters, ........................ 1 ,629 

regular papers, ..................... 10,030 

free papers .......................... 9,503 

irregular papers, .................... 1,752 

pamphlets, periodical, .............. 623 

not periodical, ........... 39 



he receipts for the month of October during the years 1843, '44 and 
'45, were as follows, viz : 

October 1843- - $3.49776 

" 1844 2.86041 

" 1845 2,225 76 

The falling off in the receipts of 1844, under the old rates, compared 
with 1843, was $637*35 ; and in 1845, under the cheap postage system, 
compared with 1844, $624 65. But these deficiencies have been far more 
than realized since, and the system is working well, the business of the 
office having increased in a very rapid ratio. 




304 Prediction of the Erie Canal Overslaugh. 



BARLOW'S PREDICTION OF THE ERIE CANAL. 

The great American poem of Joel Barlow, although a popular book 
in the last century, is probably unknown to a great many of his country- 
men ; and few of his admirers, perhaps, ever expected to see the Vision 
of Columbus quoted in after years, to claim the fulfilment of a prediction. 
The work was published in 1787, when that magnificent project, the 
Erie Canal, if it had any other place than in the imagination of the poet, 
was probably regarded only as the visionary chimera of an enthusiast. 
But the printed scheme of the poet may have awakened the attention of 
some strong mind to undertake the task of carrying out, what we now 
behold in successful operation, and which was foreshadowed in these 
words : 

" He saw, as widely spreads the unchannell-d plain. 

Where inland realms for ages bloom'd in vain, 

Canals, long winding, ope a watery flight, 

And distant streams, and seas, and lakes unite. 

From fair Albania, low'rd the falling sun. 
Back through the midland lengthening channels run, 
Meet the far lakes, their beauteous towns lhat lave, 
And Hudson joined to broad Ohio's wave." 

It was thirty years after this was published, that the Erie Canal was 
commenced, and more than forty before the opening of the Ohio Canal. 
In 1807, the Vision of Columbus was metamorphosed into The Colum- 
biad. In the mean time Philip Schuyler and his coadjutors had sue- 
ceeded in connecting the Hu Ison with the lakes, by short canals and 
locks around the falls of the Mohawk, and into Wood creek, which is 
thus alluded to by the poet : 

" From Mohawk's mouth, far westing with the sun, 
Thro all the midlands recent channels run, 
Tap the redundant lakes, the broad hills brave, 
And -Hudson marry with Missouri's wave. 
From dim Superior, whose uncounted sails 
Shade his full seas and bosom all his gale*, 
New paths unfolding seek Mackensie's tide, 
And owns and emoires rise along their side." 



THE OVERSLAUGH. 

The legislature passed an act, in April, 1790, for the improvement of 
the navigation at the Overslaugh, by allowing the proprietors of Mills 
and Papskni islands to erect a dam to prevent the passage of the water 
between them, and throw it into the main channel. This, it was 
thought, would more effectually benefit the navigation, than the employ- 
ment of " an unwieldy machine, which at best only affords a temporary 
relief." 



Albany in 1823 305 



DESCRIPTION OF ALBANY IN 1823. 

BY HORATIO GATES SPATFORD, LI* D. 

Albany City, the capital of the state of New York, and of the 
county of Albany, is situated on the west bank of Hudson river, near 
the head of tide water, 144 miles north of the city of ISew York, 30 
miles north of Hudson, 6 miles south of Troy, and 15 about southeast 
from Schenectady. In wealth, population, trade, and resources, it is 
next in rank to the city of New York, in this state, and takes about the 
sixth or seventh rank among the principal towns in the United States. 
The city of Albany, agreeably to the charter, is one mile wide on the 
river, and extends due northwest to the north line of the manor of Kens- 
selaer, holding its width of one mile, and is about 13^ miles long, the 
right of soil of which is the absolute property of the corporation in 
perpetuity. It is bounded northerly by the township of Watervliel, and 
by the county of Schenectady; southerly by GuildeJand and Bethlehem; 
easterly by the Hudson or the county of Rensselaer : and, with the 
small exception noticed below, the boundaries have never been altered 
from the original cnarter, granted in 1636. The area is about 7160 
acres, which also constitutes a township, for all the purposes of civil 
government. Of this extent, only a small proportion is under populous 
improvement, or any kind of cultivation, the western part having a 
sterile clay or sandy soil, principally in wood, while the compact popu- 
lation is immediately on the magin of the Hudson. To the stranger, 
the situation of Albany is seldom thought pleasing j for the ground is 
singularly uneven, and there is a peculiar dissonance of taste in ihe plan 
of the city, as well as in the style of its architecture. A low alluvial flat 
extends along the river, and in the rear of this rises the river-hill, ab- 
ruptly, to near the heig l of the plain which extends to Schenectady. 
This ft .-it is from 15 to 100 rods wide; and the hill, which is composed 
of alternate strata of fine blue clay and silicinus sand, though deeply 
gullieJ by some small water-courses, rises, wif'in half a mile of the river 
in the direction of State street, till it gains an elevation of 153 feet; 
thence, for another half mile, the ascent is about 60 ; making about 220 
feet above the level of the river, in the distance of one mile. 

The principal streets of Albany are parallel with the river, except 
State street, a spacious and central one that extends from the Hudson to 
the Capitol, being nearly east and west, with several others, less consi- 
derable, intersecting the main streets nearly at right angles. South 
Market, formerly Court street, extends from the Ferry, at the southern 
extremity of the compact part and near the south bounds of the city to 
State street, and has a large share of population and business. North 
Market street opens opposite this, and extends from state street to the 
northern bounds of the city, and to near the Mansion House of Major 
General Stephen Van Rensselaer. These streets thus extend through 
the city nearly parallel with the Hudson, between which there are 
several other streets, less extensive, as Dock street, Quay street, &c., 
populous, principally occupied with store-houses, shops. &c. State 
street, extends from the river in a narrow avenue lo the open area at 
27 



306 Albany in 1823. 

the meeting of North and South Market streets, where it opens to the 
liberal width of 150 to 170 feet, and extends 1900 feet to the Capitol, 
with anaverase ascent of 6g feet in 100. The Public Square, an open 
space of liberal extent, spreads a handsome area on the east side of the 
Capitol ; and from the centre of this, Washington street, spacious and 
level, extends westward in a right line on a commanding plain, to the 
junction of the Great Western turnpikes. These streets have been 
laid out in a style which may be characterized as modern in Albany, 
being straight and spacious. North P.arl street extends north from 
State street to the northern extremity of the city, just on the brow of 
the river-hill, and next west of North Market street ; and South Pearl, 
formerly Washington street, opens on the south side of Slate street, 
opposite North Pearl street, extending south to the south bounds of the 
city, ranging just at the foot of the river-hill. Between this and South 
Market street, there are several other streets, and a compact population, 
crowded, on the north towards State street, but ihin in the southern part 
where South Pearl street diverges westward from the river, between 
which lie the grounds formerly denominaied the Pasture, from their being 
appropriated to grazing. The flats here were originally subject to an- 
nual inundation, and though recently raised some feet, are now hardly 
above high-water mark. North and South Market streets, are the 
most populous and rich, and do by far the most business. But, through 
the compact population on each side of State street, other streets extend 
from the hill to the river, parallel lo Stale street, which art closely 
built, and contain many very valuable brick houses and stores; these 
are intersected by others also in opposite directions, a bare enumeration 
of which would be useless and uninteresting, while it would swell this 
article far beyonj thelimils assigned to it. 

The position of Albany was first chosen by a commercial people, for 
a military post, that should extend the trade with the Indians, and give 
to that trade a belter security and character. Here seemed the head of 
the tide, and sloop navigation; and here the adventurers found a good 
ship-channel so close in with the shore as to save docking, and n fertile 
intervale of low and rich alluvion, where they erected a stockade to 
guard against surprise by the li-dians. This was aboul 1614. 

This establishment was on the bank of the river, in whai has since 
been called Ihe Pasture, immediately above the Steam- Boat Dock. 
About 1623 it was enlarged, better stockaded, and called Fort Orange, 
according to the best accounts. A later work was erected on the 
river-hill, in a more commanding position, but retained the same name, 
except in a very limited circle, where it was called Wifliamstadt, till 
1664, when the whole country passed into the hands ol the English, 
who gave the present name in compliment to the Duke of York and 
Albany, then lord proprietor. 

The charier of Albany, incorporating " the ancient selilement there 
as a city," was granted in 1686, a lew months previous to thai of New 
York, and Albany has now the oldest charter of any city in the United 
States. 

The plan of this city, the style of its public and private works, with 
the whole characttr ol its police and municipal regulations, are much 
improved within the la^ twenty years. Originally, the inhabitants had 
to consult present convenience, rather than taste and future elegance, 



Albany in 1823. 



307 



more congenial too with the Dutch character; though if Yankee, or 
Anglo- American ostentation, enjoying the ease and luxury of opulence 
and progressive improvement, reproach with parsimony the ancient 
character of the inhabitants of Albany, a just discrimination may find 
the happy medium, perhaps, somewhere between these extremes of 
national character. A Dutch purse, talk as we may about parsimony, 
contracted views, want of taste, &c. &c., is yet a very good thing with 
which to embellish an estate, or a town. The corporation of this city 
was formerly rich, but it became lavish, if not prodisal, though aiming, 
perhaps, only at liberality and public spirit, and it is now poor, and 
involved in debt. Many improvements have been made, but in doing 
this it is now felt that they have been rather in a style of extravagance, 
in which the good people have been paying ' too dear for their whistle." 
" Pride was not made for man," or rather, too much of it, any more 
than for cities, or communities. Property in Albany is very much 
depreciated in value, l>y the imposition of taxes, to pay for past follies. 
But let us look at its public buildings and works. 




CAPITOL OF THE STATE. 



The Capitol, or State House, erected for the use of the legislature 
certain officers of state, the higher courts, &c., was in part designed 
also, for city offices, and erected in part at the expense of the "city 
The whole expense exceeds $120,000, $34,000 of which was paid by the 



308 Albany in 1823. 

city. This building stands at the head of State street, adjoining the 
public square, and on an elevation of 130 ft et above the level of the 
Hudson. It is a substantial stone building, faced with freestone taken 
from the brovn sandstone quarries on the Hudson below the Highlands. 
The east front, facing State street, is 90 feet in lenslh ; the north, 1J5 
feet ; the walls are 50 feet high, consisting of 2 stories and a basement 
story of 10 feet. The east front is adorned with a portico of the Ionic 
order, tetrastile ; the columns, 4 in numher, are each 3 feet 8 inches in 
diameter, 33 feet in height exclusive of the entablature which supports 
an angular pediment, in the tympanum of which is to be placed the 
Arms of the State. The columns, pilasters, and decorations of the 
door and windows, arc of white or grey marble, from Berkshire county 
in Massachusetts. The north and south fronts have each a pediment of 
65 feet base, and the doors are decorated with columns and angulai 
pediments of freestone. The ascent to the hall at ihe east or principal 
from, is by 15 stone steps. 48 feet in length. This hall is 58 feet in 
length, 40 feet in width, and 16 in height, the ceiMng of which is sup- 
ported by a double row of reeded column? : the doors are finished with 
pilasters and open pediments; the floor vaulted, and laid with squares 
of Italian marble, diagonally, chequered with white and grey. From 
this hall, the first door on the right hand opens to the Common Council 
Chamber of the corporation of Albany ; opposite this, on the left, is a 
room for the Executive and Council of Revision. On the right, at the 
west end of the hall, you enter the Assembly Chamber, which is 56 
feet long, 50 wide, and 28 in height. The Speaker's seal is in the cen- 
tre of the longest side, and the seats and table for the members are 
arranged in front of it, in a semicircular form. It has a gallery oppo- 
site the speaker's seat, supported by 8 antique fluted Ionic columns ; the 
frieze, cornice, and ceiling-piece, (18 feet cliameier,) are richly orna- 
mented in stucco. From this hall, on the left, you are conducted to the 
Senate Chamber, 50 feet long. 28 wide, and 28 feet high, finished much 
in the same style as the Assembly-Chamber. In the Jurniture of these 
rooms, with that of the Council of Revision, there is a liberal display 
of public munificence, and the American Eagle assumes an imperial 
splendor. There are two other rooms on this floor, adjoining those 
first mentioned, which are occupied as lobbies to accommodate the 
members of the legislature. 

From the west end, in the centre of the hall, you ascend a staircase 
that turns to the right and -left, leading to the Galleries of the Senate 
and Assembly Chambers, and a'so to the Supreme Court Room, which 
is immediately over the hall : its dimension;- are 50 feet in length, 40 in 
breadth, and 22 in height This room is handsomely ornamented in 
stucco. An entresole or mezzazine story, on each side of the Court 
Room, contains four rooms for jurors and the uses of the courts. 

The attic story contains a Mayor's Court Room, a room for the Society 
of Arts, for the State Library, and the Stale Board of Agriculture. 
The basement story contains the County Cl rk's Office, cellars and 
vaults for storage, and dwelling rooms for the Marshal of the city In 
the Common Council Room, there are portraits of some distinguished 
Americans, and before revising this article. I took some pnins, without 
success, to 'ook at, so lliat I could at least enumerate them. In the 
Assembly-Chamber, there is an admirable full length portrait of Wash- 



Albany in 1823. 309 

ington, by Ames, of Albany, and in the Senate Chamber, one of George 
Clinton, unrivalled in faitnfulness, and unexcelled in execution. The 
walls of these chambers are hung with maps, and I very lately had 
occasion to regret the difficulty of gaining access to them. 

This building is roofed with a double-hip, or pyramidal form, upon 
the centre of which is erected a circular cupola, 20 leet diameter, 
covered with a domical roof, supported by 8 insulated columns, of the 
Ionic order, and contains a small bell for the use of the courts. The 
centre of the dome sustain* a pedestal, on which is placed Themis, 
facing Slate street a carved figure in wood of 11 feet in height, holding 
a sword in her right hand, and a balance in her left. 

The Public Square, on the southwest of which stands the Capitol, 
has recently been laid out in the style of a Park, surrounded by a 
handsome fence, levelled, laid out into walks and avenues-, and planted 
with shrubbery, and trees, the latter of very diminutive size. Facing 
this on the west is Gregory's Row, a hands-cme range of well-finished 
brick buildings, extending also around the corner and up the south side 
of Washington street, on the north side of which there are some good 
buildings, and extending northward, lacing the Academy Park. Wash- 
ington street avenue across the Public Square, seems to divide it into 
two parks, Capi'ol Park and Academy Par/c, separately enclosed, the 
latter laid out and planted *n the same style as the former. On the 
northwest corner of the Public Square, opposite the Capitol, north of 
Washington street, stands the Albany Academy, a large and elegant 
pile of masonry, faced with the red sandstone of Nyac, the same as 
that used in the Capitol. It is truly an elegant bui ding, in design and 
execution the most chaste in the city, though in common with every other 
it is set rather too much in the around, but makes a good appearance 
and has a commanding prospect. I have not time to describe it 
minutely, nor does it comport with my plan to do so. It cost the city 
$91,802 45, exclusive of the lot on which it is erected, and a donation 
to the trustees of the o!cl jail, and Jots of ground on which it was situ- 
ated. It is three stories in height, has a front of 90 feet, five teachers, 
and about 140 students. The State Hall, erected by the state, for the 
principal public officers, is a plain, substantial edifice, two stories and a 
basement, situated on the south side of State street, midway between 
the Capitol and the Banks. This building accommodates The principal 
offices of state, such as the Secretary's, Comptroller's, Treasurer's, 
Surveyor-General's, and the Clerk of the Supreme Court's offices. The 
Jail, probably one of the best constructed in the state, cost the city 
$40,525'86; and the Lancaster School House, from a very bad 
policy. $23,918'93 : to this may he added as an item, that the corpora- 
tion contracted a debt ef $32,000 for the purchase of a site from the 
Lutheran Church, for a market. Among the other public buildings, 
we may notice three banks, and twelve houses for worship, belonging 
to Presbyterians, Episcopalians Lutherans. Baptists, Methodists, some 
Independents and Seceders, and Roman Catholics. 

The Arsenal, is a large brick edifice, filled with military stores be- 
longing to the state of New York, situated in the north part of the city, 
late Colonie. The City Powder House, stands on the plain at the 
Washington Square; and a Powder House, erected in 1811, by the state, 
at the expense of $3,000, stands on an eminence of the plain, near the 



310 Albany in 1823. 

three mile-stone. The Alms House is also on the plain, near the 
Washington Square, the annual expense of which, with the support of 
the poor, is abuut $8,000. 

There are two Ferries, one to Greenbush village, from the south 
part, and one to Bath village, from the north part, on the border ol 
Watervliet. From the south or principal ferry, the docks, or quays, 
extend north along the river, nearly one mile, and the street fronting 
this is pretty compactly built for the most of. that distance. Here are 
usually seen from 80 to 200 sloops and schooners, with a scene of acti- 
vity honorable to the character ot'the place. . The usual tides at Albany 
are from one to three or four feet; but variable according to the wind, 
and the strength of the current in the Hudson. To this city, the sloop 
navigation may be said to be pretty good. 

There are a great many associations for business purposes, and 
many literary, charitable, humane, and benevolent societies, which I 
have not room to notice, and a Chamber of Commerce, Marine Society, 
&c , &c. There are also an Insurance Company, and a Savings Bank. 
The Albany Library, is a very respectable one, as is the Apprentices' 
Library, and its Water Works, for supplying the city with pure and 
whole.>ome water, are entitled to particular consideration. Ames's 
Gallery of Portraits, Mr. Cook's Reading Room, and the Museum of 
Mr. Towbridge, must not be omitted. The city is well supplied with 
printing establishments, having one daily, three semi- weekly, and two 
weekly newspapers, and printing and bookselling business to a great 
amount. Steamboats run daily between this city and New York, and 
there are stages in abundance, daily, in all directions, for Albany is a 
great thoroughfare, and will probably continue such, if nothing more. 
The Post-Office is well located, in North Market street, a little north 
of State street, near the two Mansion Houses, hotels, and the Albany, 
and Mechanics' and Farmers' Banks. There are three Air Furnaces in 
this city, which make a very great variety and amount of castings ; 
and there are many mechanical establishments, in the different trades, 
though Albany, in proportion to its wealth and population, is not con- 
spicuous in the extent of its manufactures, having no water-power for 
hydraulic works. The substitution of steam-power, and the verj' great 
importance to such a place, of mills, factories, &c., seem to have been 
Strangely overlooked. 

But let us turn our attention to the Canals, and the great Basin, from 
which so much is anticipated at Albany. The Erie Canal, and the 
Champlain Canal, having formed a junction in Watervliet, 8^ miles 
north of this city, flow on in one channel, which enters the present city 
of Albany in the fifth ward, late a part of Colonie, three fourths of a 
mile from the Capitol, where there is a small Basin, and descends to 
the HcHson in the rear of the State Arsenal, near the north ferry. 
From this place, a Basin is to be made, extending down stream, on the 
tvest side of the river, about 4000 feet in length, to Hodge's dock, in the 
line of Hamilton street. It will embrace the west part of the river, 
extending along in front of the city, formed by an outer mole of 80 feet 
in width, and about, IS in height, on the east side of which there is to 
be a street of 25 feet in width. The Basin will be from 80 to 300 feet 
in width, averaging 10 feet water It is connected with the Canal, at 
the upper end, by a boat lock, and with the Hudson river at the lower 



Albany in 1823. 311 

end, by a sloop lock. The works are rapidly progressing, and are in- 
tended to be completed in 1824, being more than half finished. Should 
the Canal continue to terminate here, this Basin will doubtless be of 
great importance to Albany, but I raiher suspect it will ultimately be 
extended downward to the head < f ship navigation. 

The town of Colonie, described, in the first edition of my Gazetteer, 
in 1813, has since been consolidated or abolished, the northern part 
being annexed to WatPrvliet, and the southern to Albnny. forming the 
fifth Ward, February 25, 1815. But for this, this good old Dutch city 
would not have had its Canal, which does not come within the limits of 
its old charter, though the Basin will, and extend almost down to the 
first position of Fort Orange, noticed above. 

There are many companies cf firemen, wt 11 regulated, and well pro- 
vided with engines and other means of effective operations. But while 
a well-timed vigilance guards against the ravages of the fire of the 
elements, it were well to check the destruction arising from that of the 
mind. A deplorable defect in the system of public guardianship exists 
somewhere, and the small groceries and shops that retail ardent and 
other spirits are so numerous as to call loudly for reform. 

The city of Albany is governed by a Mayor, Recorder, 10 Aldermen, 
and 10 Assistant Aldermen, denominated in the laws, <k the Mayor, Al- 
dermen, and Commonalty ;> The Common Council must consist of 5 
aldermen, 5 assistants, and the mayor or recorder, to be competent 
to the enacting of laws. For the better administration of justice, the 
city is divided into five wards, each of which elects two aldermen and 
two assistants, with such other officers as are found necessary to the 
purposes of government, including, also, the usual town officers, such 
as supervisors, assessors, &c., each ward being a town, as respects 
elections, officers, &c. The charier election is held on the last Tuesday 
in September, and the town election, on the day of general town elec- 
tions in this state. A large proportion of the houses are of brick, well 
secured against fire. The whole number of houses and stores is about 
200t>. There are also a Mechanic Hall, Uraninn Hall, and sundry 
school-houses, in addition to the buildings already enumerate d. The 
shipping, including that annually paying wharfage in thiscily, amounts 
to about 400, principally sloops, and an immense amount of business is 
don**, principally with New York, though a good deal with Boston, 
Philadelphia, &c. The shipment of wheat, annually, is probably to 
the amount of two to three millions of dollars. Importations, princi- 
pally from England, are made to a great amount, in the dry goods and 
hardware business, in which are embarked very great capitals. The 
Troy Iron and Nail Works, a very extensive concern, is owned in 
Albany, 

The annual expenses of the city, amount to about $45,000- In 1821, 
the expenditures were $45,614, including $11,168 to commissioners of 
the city stock; and the receipts for the same year, $49,507, $14,000 of 
which was for support of poor and night watch, raised by tax. Ths 
city debt amounted to $250,342, for the reduction of which, there was 
a sinking fnnd of $106,108, $81,000 of wh : ch is in city lands. To these 
notices it may be proper to add. as an evidence of the public spirit in 
which these burdens have been imposed, that the corporation of Albany, 
in 1813j publicly offered a reward of $1,COO, for the discovery of a 



312 Albany in 1823. 

mine of fossil coal, if within five miles of the navigable waters of the 
Hudson river, and of a stratum not less than four feet. The coal to be 
sure, has not been discovered, but no one will pretend to say it never 
will be, or that such a discovery would not be of immense importance 
to the city of Albany, and the public. 

Mills' island, in the Hudson, a very large and valuable one, commenc- 
ing just below the city, is principally in Bethlehem, partly in Albany. 
The principal obstruciions to the navigation of the Hudson below this 
city, to a free sloop navigation, are, the bar or bars, or rather the flats, 
sand-bars, and narrow channels, called the Overslagh, or Overslaugh, 
in Bethlehem, three miles below, and Winm ; s Bar, also in Bethlehem, 
eight miles. Attempts have been made, and are still making, to rtmove 
these, but not with the success desired. Should the dam and sloop 
lock, below Lansingburgh, prove as beneficial as it is hoped they may, 
the same means will probably be lesorted to here, for the benefit of 
Albany and Troy. The alluvial matter has been steadily increasing in 
the Hudson, say from ten or twelve miles below Albany, ever since the 
first survey of the river, and it is a perfectly rational conjecture, that it 
will continue to increase, and to multiply the obstructions to naviga- 
tion. 

Albany has a Globe Manufactory, entitled to distinguished notice, and 
a Lyceum of Natural History, recently established, for which it has a 
room in the Academy. The actual distance between Albany and New 
York, by land, is only 144 miles, and perhaps no more measured on the 
ice, but the sloop channel may still be safely reckoned, as formerly, at 
160 miles, or very nearly. This city pays annually $5uO towards the 
support of the Lancaster School, which also receives $676 from the 
school fund, and collects about $250 a year for tuition money- The 
annual expense of this very excellent school, is about $1400, and the 
number of scholars 600 to 800. It was founded during the mayoralty, 
and by the exertions of the late Mayor P. S. Van Rensselaer, a good 
deed for the people, by a man of good deeds. 

Population, in 1820, including the annexation from the late town of 
Colonie, 12,630: of this number, there were employed in agriculture, 
75; in commerce and trade, 468; in manufactures and trades, 909; 238 
foreigners not naturalized ; 643 free blacks, 109 slaves ; taxable property, 
$3,970,070; schools, 1, the Lancaster school receiving all the public 
moneys, an excellent plan, for populous towns; public moneys received 
in 1821, $1,401 98, the school being kept twelve months in twelve ; num. 
her of children therein, in 1821, 635: electors, 2,357; acres of improved 
land, occupied, 1.515; number of cattle. 654; horses, 653 ; sheep, 272: 
yards of cloth made in families, in 1821, 1,023 : 1 distillery. Albany 
has no water-power for hydraulic works. 

The first settlement of this city was made by some Hollanders about 
1612, and next to Jamestown in Virginia, it is the oldest settlement 
in the United States. In 1614, a temporary fort was erected. Fort 
Orange was built about 1623. Albany received its charter in 1686. 
And it is worthy of remark that this city was enclosed by stockade de- 
fence against the Indians about 1745, when there were six block-houses 
erected, the last of which with the last remaining vestige of that work, 
was destroyed by fire in the summer of 18J2. 



Distances of the County Towns from Albany. 313 

Albany is situated in north latitude 42 39', and 73 13' west longitude, 
from the Royal Observatory of Enelaad. Distances from Albany, to 
the city of New York, 144 miles; Philadelphia, 234; Washington city, 
373 ; Boston, 171 ; Hartford, 92; Quebec, 394; Montreal, 247 ; Buffalo, 
by Utica, by land, 296; via Cherry-Valley, 282; by the Canal 360; to 
Detroit, 664- 

The eastern section of the Erie Canal was completed, opened for 
navigation, when boats descended to the Hudson at Albany, and the 
great festival was held, Oct. 8, 1823. This completes the line of Canal 
naviaaiion from Albany to Rochester. It wos a great day, celebrated 
with great pomp, a grand display of all sorts of pride and ceremonies, 
attended, probably, by 30 000 people. The Champlain Canal was com- 
pleted September 10, 1823. 



DISTANCES OF THE COUNTY TOWNS FROM ALBANY. 



County. 
AHegany, 
Broome, 


County Seat. Dim. 
Angelica. 25o 
.Binffhamlon, 145 


County. 


County feat. 


Dist 
-.195 
105 




G.<slen, ) .... 


Catiaraugus, 
Cayuga 
Chautnuque, 
Chemung. 


.Auburn, . 
.Mayville, 
.Klmira, 
.Norwich. 
Pittsburgh, 
.Hudson. 
Coriland, 
Delhi. 
Poughkeepsie, 
Buffalo, 
.Elizabethtown, 
Malone 


- 2P2 
1fi9 
.33(5 

.ins 

.110 
1(54 
29 
140 

'. 75 
.2*4 
I2f 
212 


Orleans, ....... 


Newlurgb, J 
Albirn 
Oswego. ) 


.. p4 
..257 
.Ifi7 


Otsego. .... 
Putnam, . 
Queens. 


Pulaski, } 
Cooperstown, 
Carmel 
HempsTead C H. 


-.153 
. 69 
.IdO 
172 


Clinton, 
Columbia, 
Cortlaiul. 
Delaware, 
Duichess, 
Erie, 


Richmond, . 
Rocklnnd. 

St. Lawrence, 
Saratoga. 
Schenedady. 
Schoharie, 


' ro ^ ' 




New- City, 
Canton, 
Ballston Spa, 
Sclient-ctady, 
Schoharie. 


129 
223 
.. 26 
15 
22 
. IftQ 




Fulton. 
Genesec, 
Greene, 


.Johnstown, 
Batavia, 
.Catskill. 


45 
.249 
. 37 
72 
80 
164 
.149 
134 






Stenhe.n, 
Suffolk. 
Sullivan, 
Tiosra, 


Bath, 
-River Head, .- 
Monticello, 
Owego, 


164 
216 
235 
110 
167 


Herkimer, 
Jefferson, 


Herksmer, 
Watertown. 


Lewis. 
Livingston, 
Madison, 


Martinsburgh, . 


Ulster. 
Warren 

Washington. . 
Wayne, 
Westchester, .- 

Wyoming. 
Yates, 


Kiiiffston. 
Caldwell, .--.. 
**in<ly Hill ) 


55 
.. 62 
50 


Morrisville, 


.]d2 


jyionroe. . 






"Snlem. ) 
Lyons 
Bedford. ) 
"While Plains, f 
Warsaw, 
Peuu-Yan, 


. . 47 
..181 
125 
129 
251 
192 


New-York 
Niagara, 

Oneida, 
Onondaga, 


New- York, 
Lock port 
Rome. \ '" 
" Whitestown, ) 
Syracuse, 


.141 
.277 
176 
97 
.133 



314 Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 

DR. MORSE'S DESCRIPTION OF ALBANY IN 1789. 

The following extract from Morse's American Geography will serve 
to correct a very common error in relation to the singular position in 
which the reverend doctor is said to have placed the citizens of Albany 
in regard to the streets! It is extracled from ihe original edition, pub- 
lisheil in 1789, a copy of which we happen to possess. This edition is 
now so rare, that it was with great difficulty a copy could he procured, 
two or ihree years ago, for the British Museum. It will be seen that 
the people, -as well as the houses, are placed in a true and proper posi- 
tion, as far as lhir standing is concerned, and the doctor's English will 
be vindicated. 

The ciiy of Albany is situated upon the west side of Hudson's river, 
160 miles north of the city of New York, in latitude 42, 36', and is by 
charter one mile upon the river, and 16 miles back. It contains about 
600 houses, built mostly by trading p ople on the margin of the river. 
The houses stand chiefly upon Pearl, Market and Water streets, and six 
other streets or lanes which cross them nearly at right angles. They 
are b "ill in the old Dutch Gothic stile, with the gable end to the street, 
which rusiom the first settlers brought with them from Holland. The 
gable end is commonly of hrick, with theheavy moulded ornament of slan- 
ting with notches, like stairs, and an iron horse fur a weather cock, on 
the top. There is one little appendage to their houses, which the peo- 
ple, blind to the inconvenience of it, still continue, and that is the water 
gutters or spouts which project from every house, rendering it almost 
dangerous to walk the streets in a rainy day. Their houses are seldom 
more than one story and an half high, and have but little convenience, 
and less elegance ; but they are kept very neat, being rubbed with a 
mop almost every day. and scoured every week. The same neatness, 
however, is not observed in the streets, which are very muddy most of 
the year, except those which are paved ; and these are seldom swept 
aa 1 very rough. 

The city of Albany contains about 4000 inhabitants, collected from 
almost all parts of the northern world. As great a variety of languages 
are spoken in Albany, as in any town in the United States. Adventu- 
rers, in pursuit of wealth, are led here by the advantages for trade which 
this place afloids. Situated on one of the finest rivers in the world, 
at the head of sloop navigation, surrounded with a rich and extensive 
back country, and the store-house of the trade to and from Canada, and 
the Lakes, it must flourish, and the inhabitant* cannot but grow rich. 
Hudson, however, is their rival. Other rivals may spring up. 

Albany is said to be an unsociable place. This is naturally to be ex- 
pected. A heterogeneous collection of people, invested with all iheir 
national prejudices, eager in the pursut of gain, and jealous of a 
rivalship. can not expect to enjoy the pleasures of social intercourse or 
the swprts of an intimate and reined friend>hip. 

A gentl man of observation and discernment, who resided some time 
in Albany has made the following obsei vations, which, though of gene- 
ral application, I beg leave to introduce under this particular head. 

To form a just idea of the mariners and customs of the inhabitants, 
we must confine ourselves to the Dutch, who being much the most nu- 
merous, give the tone to the manners of the place. Two things unite 



Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 17S9. 315 

[more particularly to render these disagreeable to foreigners; first, a 
natural prejudice which we all possess in favor of our o\vn, and against 
I the manners of another place or nati"n : secondly, their c^e union, like 
|the Jews of old, to prevent the innovation of foreigners, and to keep the 
balance of interest always in their own hands. 

It is an unhappy circumstance when an infant nation adopt the vices, 
luxuries and manners of an old one; but this was in a great measure 
the case with the first settlers of Albany, most of whom were immedi- 
ately from Amsterdam. Their diversions are walking and sitting in 
mead-houses, and in mixed companies they dance. They know nothing 
of the little plays ami amusements common to small social circles. The 
gentlemen who are lively and gay, play at cards, billiards, chess, &c., 
others go to the tavern, mechanically, at 11 o'clock stay until dinner, 
and return in the evening. It is not uncommon to see forty or fifty at 
these places of resort, at the same time; yet they seldom drink to intox- 
ication, unless in company, or on public occasions, when it is thought to 
be no disgrace. 

They seldom admit many spectators to their marriages ; but the day 
after, the groom pre-pares a cold collation, with punch, wine, &c. to par- 
take of which, he expects all his friends will come, at 11 o'clock with- 
out any invitation. A dictator, with absolute power, is then appointed 
to preside at each table, or in each room, and it seldom happens that 
any are suffered to leave the house, until the whole circle exhibits a 
shocking specimen of human depravity. 

Their funeral cereal mies are equally singular. None attend them 
without a previous invitation. At the appointed hour they meet at the 
neighboring houses or stoops, until the corpse is brought out. Ten or 
twelve persons are appointed to take the bier all together, and are not 
relieved. The clerk then desires the gentlemen (for ladies never walk 
to the srave, nor even attend the funeral, unless of a near relation) to 
fall into the procession. They go to the grave, ami return to the house 
of mourning in the same order. Here the tables are handsomely set and 
furnished with cold and spiced wine, tobacco and pipes, and candles, 
paper, &c. to liuht them. The conversation turns upon promiscuous 
subjects, however i nproper, and unsuitable to the solemnity of the 
occasion, and the house of mourning is soon converted into a house of 
feasting. 

The best families live extremely well, enjoying all the conveniences 
and luxuries of life ; but the poor have scarcely the necessaries for 
subsistence. 

The sround covered by this city charter, is of a thin, poor soil. In the 
river before the city is a beautiful little island, which, were it properly- 
cultivated, would afford a faint resemblance of Paradise. 

The well-water in the ciiy is extremely bad, scarcely drinkable by 
those who are not accustomed to it. Indeed all the water for cooking 
is brought from the river, and many families use it to drink. The water 
in the wells, if Kalm was well informed, is unwholsome, being full of 
little insects, resembling, except in size, those which we frequently see 
in stagnated rain water. 

The public buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for Presbyterians, 
one for Germans or High Dutch, one for Episcopalians a hospital and 
the City Hall. 



Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 1796. 



ALBANY IN 1796. 

In the edition of 1796, the notice of Albany was somewhat varied, 
as follows: 

Many new houses have lately been built in this city, all in the modern 
style , the inhabitants are paving the streets in the New York plan, 
with foot-ways, and making other improvements. 

The city of Albany contains about twelve or fourteen hundred houses, 
and 5000 inhabitants, collected from various parts. As great a variety of 
languages are spoken in Albany, as in any town in the United Stales, 
bat the English predominates and the use of every other is constantly 
lessening. Adventurers, in pursuit of wealth, are led here by the ad- 
vantages for trade which this place affords. 

Albany is unrivalled in its situation. It stands on the bank of one of 
the finest rivers in <he world, at the head of sloop navigation. It enjoys 
a salubrious air, as is evinced by the longevity of its inhabitants. It is 
the natural emporium of the increasing trade of a large extent of coun- 
try west and north; a country of an excellent soil, abounding in every 
article f<r the West India market ; plentifully watered with navigable 
lakes, creeks and rivers ; as yet only partially peopled, but settling with 
almost unexampled rapidity, and capable of affording subsistence and 
affluence to millions of inhabitants. No part of America affords a more 
elligible opening for emigrants than this. And when the contemplated 
locks and canals are completed, and convenient roads opened into every 
part of the country, all which will, it is expected, be accomplished in a 
few years, Albany will proably increase and flourish beyond almost 
every other city or town in the United States. The trade of Albany, 
indeed, already increases with great rapidity. They sensibly feel the 
good effects of establishments made immediately after the peace. These 
effects will multiply when the immense quantities of produce which are 
now sold to supply the multitudes of new settlers, (who wi'l soon be 
able to supply themselves) shall be diverted from these channels and 
sent to Albany. 

The well water in the city is extremely bad, scarcely drinkable by 
those who are not accustomed to it. It oozes through a stiff blue clay, 
and it imbibes in its passage, the fine particles common to that kind of 
soil. This discolors it, and when exposed any length of time to the 
air, it acquires a disagreeable taste. Indeed all the water for cooking 
is brousht from the river, and many families use it to drink. But the 
inhabitants are about to remedy this inconvenience by constructing 
water- works, to convey good water into the city. 

At Bath, opposite this city, a large, neatly finished, and ingeniously 
constructed baihin%-house has lately been erected, divi led into four 
apartments in which the visitants may be accommodated at pleasure, 
with a warm, cold, or shower bath, only by the turning of a cock. 

The public buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for Presbyterians, 
one for Germans or High Dutch, one tor Episcopalians, a hospital, the 
city hall, a handsome brick goal, and the city hotel- 

A bank was established here in 1794. 



Corporations and Associations. 317 



CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 

Such societies and institutions as have changed their officers since the 
elections recorded on pages 39 to 42, are inserted again. 

ALBANY EXCHANGE BANK Since the demise of the late president, a 
change has laKen place in the directory. Election Sept 4, 1849. 

John M. Newton, Ichabod L. Judson, John Taylor, James McNaush- 
ton, Samuel Pruyn, Lansing G.Taylor, Chauncey P. Williams, Samuel 
Stevens, George W. Stanton jr., William McElroy, Oliver Sleele, Gaylor 
Sheldon, Frederick J. Barnard, Thomas L. Greene, Christopher W. 
Bender. 

At a subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors, Samuel Pruyn 
was reelected president, and I. L. Judson vice-president. 

ALBANY CITY BANK. On the 12th June, the following gentlemen 
were elected directors of this bank: 

Era?tus Corning, Peter Wendell*, John Knower, Watts Sherman, 
Ellis Baker, Bradford R. Wood, William Seymour, J. V. L. Pruyn, 
William Smith, William Humphrey, Eli Perry, David H. Gary, Henry 
H. Mania. 

Inspectors of the next election Hiram Perry, John I. Burton, Robert 
Thompson. 

BANK OF ALBANY. The following gentlemen were elected directors 
of the bank on the 8th May: 

Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Teunis Van Vechten, William Walsh, Andrew 
D. Lansing, Benjamin Tibbitts, Herman 1'umpnllyj David Newland, 
John Van Zandt, Jellis Winne jr.*, Henry Bleecker, James A. Wilson, 
Duncan McMartin. Daniel Cady. 

Inspectors of election Herman Ten Eyck, Christopher Y.Lansing, 
Richard Van Rensselaer. E. E. Kendrick, cashier. 

COMMERCIAL BANK OF ALBANY. The directory of this bank consists 
of the following persons : 

John Tovvnsend, John L.Schoolcraft, JohnGott, Giles Sanford, James 
D. Wasson, Robert H. Pruyn, Andrew White, Anthony M. Sin/ng 
Anthony Gould, Visscher Ten Eyck, John D. Hewson, Alexander 
Davidson, John B. James. 

Inspectors of the next election John I. Boyd, John M.Newton 
Charles B Lansing. 

MECHANICS' AND FARMERS' BANK. The following gentlemen were 
unanimously elected directors of this bank : 

Thomas W. OJcott. Samuel S. Fowler, Friend Humphrey, Thomas 
Hillhouse, Robert Shepherd, Lemuel Steele, Robert Dunlop, James 
Kidd, William W. Forsyth, James B. Jermain, Hugh Humphrey, Henry 
A. Newman, William H. Dewitt. The last named is in the place of 
Harmanus Bleecker*, who, from ill health, declined a reelection. 






* Since deceased. 

28 



318 Corporations and Associations. 

ALBANY BURGESSES CORPS. On the 9th October last, the following 
were elected officers for the ensuing year : 

Franklin Townsend, captain; Justus W. Blanchard, first lieutenant ; 
Hale Kingsley, second lieutenant ; J. Baldwin, third lieutenant ; James 
Easterly, orderly sergeant ; Harvey Tuton, second sergeant ; William 
Burgess, third sergeant ; Samuel Wilkins, fourth sergeant. 

Staff Officers L. Benedict jr., quartermaster ; W.J.Thomas, pay- 
master j J. F. Schultz, surgeon; William Davis, chaplain; William H. 
Low, president; R. S. Handee, vice-president; Jacob C. Cuyler, secre- 
tary ; Stephen W. Whitney, assistant secretary ; John V. S. Visscher, 
armorer. 

ALBANY CITY MISSIONARY SOCIETY. The following statistics are 
gathered from the annual report of the agent, Rev. Mr. Rawson, of his 
operations for the year ending May, 1849 : 

76 visits to the almshouse; reading the scriptures, &c. 133 times in 

different rooms. 
35 to sabbath and day schools. 
102 to the jail. 
136 to the penitentiary. 
257 to hotels and porter houses. 

56 to sick and other families. 
102 to shops and livery stables. 

57 bibles and 31 testaments have been distributed. 

200 copies of Edwards's Sabbath and Temperance Manual. 

11 funerals attended. 
69395 pages of tracts distributed. 

And there have been several hopeful conversions, and a number of 
backsliders reclaimed. 

ALBANY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. At the annual meeting of the 
society, held at the Cily Hall, November 13, the following officers were 
elected : 

James McNaughton, president, John Swinburne, vice-president; Ben- 
jamin A.Sheldon, secretary; J. B.Rossman, treasurer; C. C. GrifTen, 
librarian. 

Censors P. McNaughton, J. H. Case, Howard Townsend, N. G. 
Bigelow and D. R. Burris. 

YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. The election for officers of this institu- 
tion took place Feb. 9. The canvass was conducted with much spirit, 
but in a friendly manner. The whole number of votes taken was 696. 
This is, with one exception, the largest vote ever taken at an election. 
The following persons were elected : 

William Dey Ermand, president; Rufus G. Beardsley, first vice pre- 
sident ; Edward C. C. Batchelder, second vice-president; William B. 
Sprague, third vice president ; Richard H. Northrop, corresponding se- 
cretary ; James T. Stevenson, recording secretary ; James I. Johnson, 
treasurer; W. F. Pbelps, George C. Lee, James A.Pratt, John N. 
Culler, C. D Rathbone, William D. Morange, Joseph A. Wells, A. L. 
Winne, R. Higgins, L. S. Hammond, managers. 

Debating Society William H. Greene, president ; D. W. C. DeForest, 
first vice-president; James Martin, 2d do.; W. R.Thomas, secretary. 



Corporations and Associations. 319 

ALBANY FIRE DEPARTMENT. The several fire companies met by their 
delegates (two from each company), on the lOlh January, and elected 
their officers, viz : 

Samuel N. Payne, president ; Baltus Prime, vice president ; Visscher 
Ten Eyck, treasurer ; Hale Kingsley, secretary ; John Morrison, collec- 
tor. James M. Whyte and Daniel D. T. Cha'rles were chosen trustees 
for the term of three years. 

FIRE POLICE. The Common Council appointed the following gentle- 
men to the fire police, under the law of 1849 : 

JohnOsborn, captain ; Abraham Herrick, Jeremiah Baldwin, Terence 
Leddy, first ward ; William H. Linberger, Richard Dowd, Alexander 
Waters, second ward; John W. Brasier, John P. Russ, William Van 
VIeeck, third ward; Augustus Prime, John Jerroloman, fourth ward; 
James Hart, William Lockerty, fifth ward; John Mills jr., Russel N. 
Hanalin, R. J. Patten, sixth ward ; Edward Scully, Patrick Ledwick, 
Adrian J. Cox, seventh ward; Theo. Carman, William McLaughlin, 
Henry Teater, eighth ward ; Henry Simmons, ninth ward; George C, 
Scott, William White, John Stackpole, tenth ward. 

ENGINE COMPANY No. 4. At the annual meeting of this company, 
Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : 

John B. Stonehouse, foreman; Michael Reardon, assistant foreman; 
Andrew McFarlane, clerk; Andrew Peterson, steward; Frederick New- 
dorf, treasurer. 

MOUNTAINEER ENGINE COMPANY No. 5. At the annual meeting of 
the company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected : 

Charles E. Phelps, foreman ; Ariel Lathrop, first assistant foreman; 
Jacob Rapp, second assistant foreman; William N. Graham, clerk; 
George B. Wadleigh, treasurer ; Gerrit Lansing, steward. 

Delegates to the Fire Department William J. Packard and George 
B. Wadleigh. 

ENGINE COMPANY No. 7. At the annual meeting of the company, 
Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : 

J. Tremper, foreman ; I. Jones, first assistant foreman; P.Philips, 
second assistant foreman ; H. M. Bundy, clerk ; William Kingsbury, 
treasurer; R. Bygat, steward'. 

DANIEL D. TOMPKINS ENGINE COMPANY No. 8. At the annual meet- 
ing of this company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the 
ensuing year : 

William T.Johnston, foreman; John McBride, assistant foreman; 
F. C. Feeney, second assistant foreman ; Jerome Terry, clerk; Samuel 
Templeton, treasurer ; Robert Bradwell, steward. 

Delegates to the Fire Department S. Templeton and J. McBride. 

JOHN RGDGERS'S ENGINE COMPANY No. 12. At the annual meeting 
of this company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the year 
ensuing : 

Baltus Prime, foreman; Thomas Kearney, first assistant ; George W. 
Baker, second assistant; James Buchanan, clerk; Thomas O'Hagan, 
steward; Matthew Morrison, treasurer. 






320 Corporations and Associations. 

HIBERNIAN PROVIDENT SOCIETY. Al the annual election of officers of 
the Hibernian Provident Society, on the 6th March, the following persons 
were elected : 

Patrick Grady, president; James Rogan, first vice-president; John 
Seary, second vice president ; John Daly, recording secretary ; John 
Donohoe, corresponding secretary; Richard Brown, treasurer; John 
Hisgins, John Purcell," Edward Dnnohoe, Patrick Murray. Patrick 
Fly nn, Thomas Kelly, Michael McCormick, executive committee; 
Patrick Powers, Joseph Clinton, Henry Dermody, finance committee ; 
Nicholas Markey, physician. 

MECHANICS' BENEFIT SOCIETY. The following officers were elected 
for ihe ensuing year, on Monday, Auaust 6lh : 

W. A. Carr, president ; H E. Brower, first vice-president ; S. G. 
Mink, second vice president ; J. A. Biukbee, treasurer ; R. S. dishman, 
secretary; S. L. Hodgkins, assistant secretary ; J. W. Hinckley, phy- 
sician. 

Stewards Henry F. Near, first ward; Michael Delehanty, second 
ward; L G. Hoffman, third ward ; Jesse P Wilson, fourth ward ; W. 
A. Rice, fifth ward ; John Voshurgh, sixth ward ; James W. Parsons, 
seventh ward; Oliver Houll, eighth ward; Ed. C. Batcheldor, ninth 
ward ; Faul Cushman, tenth ward. 

BOARD OF TRADE At an election of the Board of Trade, held on the 
sixth February last, the following gentlemen were unanimously elected 
officers for the ensuing year: 

Arthur H. Root, president; David H. Gary, first vice-president ; Era- 
stus S Prosser, second vice-president; James T. Stephenson. secretary ; 
George M Sayles, treasurer; Oliver G. Terry, Samuel Cary, Charles 
W. Durant, Lewis E.Evans, Lucian M. Gilbert, reference committee. 

Inspectors of election Charles T. Smyth, Horace Averill. 

ALBANY EXCHANGE COMPANY. At ah election held January 8lh, the 
following gentlemen were elected directors ol this company for the en- 
suin? year : 

John Townsend, Samuel Stevens, Friend Humphrey, Rufus H. King, 
Andrew White, John Q. Wilson, James McNaughton. 

ALBANY AND BETHLEHEM TURNPIKE COMPANY. At an election of 
this company, the following persons were chosen directors : 

M. T. Reynolds. Philip S. Van Rensselaer, Will, am McHarg, Joel 
Rathbone, John V. L. Pruyn, Robert Boyd, Ezra P. Prentice, George 
Dexter, Samuel H. Ransom. 

Inspectors John McHarg, Joseph T. Rice jr., Edwin R. Herrick. 

ALBANY AND SANDLAKE PLANK ROAD. At a meeting of the stock- 
holders of this company on the first Sept. 1849, the following persons 
were elected officers for the ensuing year : 

Richard J.Knowlton, Gideon Bulls and Samuel R. Fox of the town 
of Sandlake; Dewilt C Deforest and James Dearstyne of the town of 
Grenibush ; John V. L. Pruyn, William Smith. Stephen B. Gresory and 
Archibald McClure of the city of Albany ; and John Defreest, Cornelius 
Dearstyne and Samuel S. Fowler, inspectors of the next election. 



Corporations and Associations. 321 

ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY RAILROAD At a meeting of the stock- 
holders on the 13th June, the followins gentlemen were elected directors* 

Jnhn T. Norton, Watts Sherman, Rufus H. Kins:, G. Y. Lansing, H. 
H. Martin, H Pumnelly, Augustus James anl Lyman Chapin of Al- 
bany, and Richard H. Wjnslow of the city of New- York. 

At a subsequpnt rneetins, John T.Norton was unanimously elected 
president, and Watts Sherman vice-president. 

ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY TURNPIKE COMPANY. At an election 
held January 2. the following gentlemen were elected directors of this 
compnny for th.e ensuing year : 

Tennis Van Vechten, Siephen Van Rensselaer, John J. Boyd. Dnvid 
Newlan 1, John Tovvnen;J, Benjamin Tibbits, John Constable, Andrew 
E. Brown. J. H. Ten Eyck. 

T. Van Vechten, president: B. Tibbits, secretary. 

ALBANY AND WEST-STOCKBRITGE RAILROAD. At a meetins: of the 
stockholders, the following gentlemen were elected directors for the en- 
suing ye^r : 

M-ircus T. Reynolds, Thomas W. Olcott, Tennis Van Vechten, Friend 
Humphrey, Lewis Benedict, John V. L. PrujB, George Dexter, Samuel 
t>. Fowler, William H. Tobey, George Bliss and Addison Gilmore. 

FORT-HUNTER AND ALBANY PLANK RoAD COMPANY. At a meeting 

of stockholders, held at Blood's Hotel on the 16th August, the following 
gentlemen were elected directors for the ensuing year, viz: 

John Town^end, Robert J. Hilton and James D. Wasson of Ihe city of 
Albany; Israel It. Green, Silas H. M*rsh and James Frost of Duanes- 
bnrsh ; and Peter I.Enders, David Johnson and Samuel C.Jackson of 
Florida. 

GREAT WESTERN TURNPIKE ROAD The following persons are di- 
rectors of the First Company of theGieat Western Turnpike Road: 

Teunis Van Vechten. Gerrit Y. Lansing, John V. L. Pruyn, John 
Townsend, Robert J. Hilton, John T. Cooper, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, 
Robert H. Pruyn, Stephen Groesbeeck, William C. Miller, John L. 
Schoolcraft, James D. Wasson, Andrew White. 

UTICA AND SCHENECTADY RAILROAD The following gentlemen were 
elected directors of the Utica and Schenectady Railroad for the ensuing 
year : 

Erristus Corning, Nicholas Devereux, Nathaniel S. Benton, AlonzoC. 
Paitre. John Tnwnsend, James Hooker, Thomas W. Olcott, Marcus T. 
Reynolds, Gardner G Howlnnd, J. Phillips Phoenix, E. T. T.Martin, 
Livingston Spraker, John Ellis. 

MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF ALBANY. 
The following gentlemen were elected directors of this company for 
the enuine year : 

Erastns Cornins. Friend Humphrey, Barent P. Staats, Eli Perry, 
Watts Sherman, H^nry H. Martin, John Knower, Ellis Baker. Joshua 
G. Cnlrell, Daniel Fry, Giles Sanford. Jared A. Post, Artemas Fish. 

At a subsequent meeting of the board, Erastus Corning was reflected 
president, and Friend Humphrey elected vice-president of the company. 



322 



An Albany Merchant's Stock in 1790. 



BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. The Board, during its meeting on the 4jh 
May, 1849, made the following appointments : 

Samuel Pruyn, chairman; Jas. M. Whelpley, clerk ; Howard Town- 
send, county physician ; Alexander McDonald, doorkeeper. 



AN ALBANY MERCHANT'S STOCK IN 1790. 
The following is an exact copy of the advertisement of an eminent 
merchant doing business in this city sixty years ago. It will be seen 
how many articles of that day have become obsolete, or changed their 
names. 

Robert M'Clallen, 

No. 10 State Street, north-west corner of Green Street, Albany, 
H'ss lately imported in the Goliah, Capt. Jones, from London, a large 
and general assortment of GOODS, suitable for the present season, 
which he will dispose of, wholesale and retail, at a very low advance, 
viz: 



SUPERFINE, second and coarse 
cloths with trimmings suitable; 

Drab, mix'd and blue Yorkshire 
Plains ; 

Black satinetts and lasting? ; 

Green, blue and drab Halfthicks ; 

Scarlet cloaking with Trimmings ; 

Mixt, blue and claret twill'd coat- 
ings ; 

Claret, red and mix'd plain do. 
. 2, 2\ and 3 point blankets ; 

Striped do. 

Men's ribb'd and plain while and 
black worsted hose ; 

Ditto, striped, silk and cotton do. 

Blue, yellow, green, red &c white 
flannels ; 

Green, red and blue broad baize; 

Drab, blue, mixt and green single- 
folded naps ; 

Imperial and basket buttons ; 

Fashionable and common coat and 
vest buttons; 

Velvet and worsted toilonette vestj 
patterns ; 

Purple and garnet wildbores ; 

Plain and twill'd olive velvets ; 

Corduroys and superfine th'icksetts; 



Durants, Calimancoes and moreens : 

Brown, blue and striped camblets ; 

Irish Linens ; 

variety of purple and chintz 
shawls ; 

Dark blue and spotted cotton hand- 
kerchiefs ; 

Chintzes and calicoes ; 

Black fring'd Handkerchiefs ; 

Men's and boy's castor and felt hats; 

Plated shoe and knee buckles ; 

Common brass and steel do. 

Bar lead ; 

Duck and Pigeon shot ; 

Gun powder; 

London pewter; 

Dutch tea-pots ; 

With a variety of other articles. 
Also, a constant supply of 
LIQUORS AND GROCERIES ; 

Swede's iron ; Crawley & blister'd 
steel ; 

Common rum ; 

Window glass, 6 by 8, 7 by 9 & 8 
by 10. 
Pots and pearl ashes, staves, and 

other kinds of country produce ta- 
ken in payment. 






Imprisonment for Debt. 



323 



Besides those enumerated in this advertisement, other merchants men- 
tion the following articles, equally curious for their names : 
Tammies, Black Swanskin, 

Persians and Pelongs, Camlets and Camletees, 

Osnabrigs, Bed bunts, 

Women's shammy gloves and mits, Dowlass and Woolen checks 
Cruel of all colors, Leather breeches, 

Black everlastings, 

Silk Damascus and Lorettas, 

Ticklenburghs, 

Moseens, 

Buff and White Royal Rib, excellent 



None-so-pretty do., 
Plain and spotted Swanskin, 
Faggot trimming, 
Blue sagatha, 
Bandanoe, ^ ^ 

LungeeRomals, I g 
Culgee, I gj 

Setetersoy, ^ nT 

Denmark fancy, 
Pullicat silk, I ~- 

Croncard muslin, ) </? 



for Breeches and Jackets, 
Buff and olive Cotton Denim, 
Swandown Counterpanes. 
Drab Forest cloth, 
Printed Velvets. 



In a lecture delivered some two or three years ago, by the Hon. Mr. 
Sturges, of Boston, on trade and finances, he referred to the singular 
changes of the fashions. Nankeens, said he, were once imported in 
large quantities. As late as 1820 there were one million of dollars worth 
imported now there is none. In 1806 Canton crape was first used ; in 
1810, ten cases were imported in 1816, there were 21,000 irfeces j in 
1826 the importations amounted to a million and a half of dollars ; and 
in 1842 the article was not imported ! Yet the country has lost nothing 
by the caprice of fashion, c.s our country women appear as lovely in 
ninepenny Lowell calico, as in Canton crape. 

Silk was once imported in large quantities from China ; a cargo of 
near a million dollars worth was once landed in this country, and now 
the whole yearly importations from China amount to less than $100,000. 
Great changes have also taken place in regard to the pay of our Chinese 
importations. In 1818, $7,000.000 in specie were carried to China, but 
now our purchases are paid for in bills of exchange on England, from the 
proceeds of the opium trade. The fur trade was commenced in 1787, an$ 
in 1808 there were fifteen Americans engaged in it, and now it has 
ceased altogether. 



IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. 

The prisoners confined for debt in the City Hall, which was the jail 
also, celebrated the 5th July, 1790 (the 4th being Sunday.) There was 
an allusion to the 15lh year of American independence, and their confine- 
ment for debt. Their fifth toast was: "May the time come when no 
honest man shall be confined for debt." The time did arrive, in less than 
ha.lf a century, when not even the dishonest man was confined far debt, 



324 Hudson River. 



HUDSON RIVER. 

This river bears the name of one of the early navigators, who united 
invincible forli'.ude to unwearied assiduity, and who is identified with, 
its history. "This noble river was first discovered by Henry Hudson, 
in 1609, while in the employ of the Dutch East India Company. By 
some it is believed that he sailed up that river as far as the present site 
of the cily of Albany, in a small vessel called the Half Moon ; but, it is 
doubtful if any visions of futurity presented to his mind the present im- 
portance and colebrity of this beautiful stream, bearing his own name." 
It rises from numerous sources in the Adirondack mountain region of 
Essex and Hamilton counties, west of Lakes George and Chnmplain. 
Its principal head branches are the Adirondack river, Boreas river, 
Indian river. Schroon river and the Sacandaga river ; the Hoosick river 
flows into it from the east in the county of Rensselaer, and the Mohawk 
empiies into it between the counties of Albany and Saratoga ; from this 
point it is navigable to its mouth, a distance of 160 miles. Its whole 
length is 320 miles ; the tide flowing up for about half that distance. 
On the upper part of this river, justly celebrated for its varied nnd ro- 
mantic beauties, are several picturesque falls, of which Baker's Falls 
and Glen's Falls are the most noted. The region of country where it 
takes its rise, was but little known until of late. In 1836. the state 
geologists, under an act io provide for a geological survey of the state of 
New York, commenced their operations ; since then this vast wilderness 
has been fully explored, new localities discovered, and new names given; 
thus furnishing a great mass of information in regard to the sources of 
this river, and the mountain region Irom whence it takes its rise. Here 
are mountain peaks of Alpine appearance, containing vast deposits of 
iron ore and other minerals, well worthy a visit by the scientific admirers 
of wild and romantic scenery. In the head waters of the Hudson, are 
to be found trout, and other fish of fine flavor, in great abundance; and 
in its tide waters are taken annually large quantities of shnd, herring, 
bass, sturgeon and many other kinds of fish. From its mouth to the city 
of Hudson, a distance of 116 miles, it is navigable for ships of a large 
burthen, and to Albany and Troy for steam boats of a large class. 
When we reflect that this important river receives the tributary waters 
of the great western and northern hikes, by means of the Erie and Cham- 
plain canals, and then commingles with the Atlantic ocean, after pass- 
ing the Highlands, the Palisades, and through the secure and spacious 
bay of New York, well may we give it the appellation of the NOBLE 
HUDSON DlsturnelVs Gazetteer. 

The combined action of the tides, arriving in the Hudson by East ri- 
ver and the Narrows, at differei t periods, carries the swell upward at 
the rate of 15 to near 25 miles an hour ; and this circumstance clearly 
evinces a high superioritv of oceanic influence in the Hudson. Swift 
sailing vessels, leaving New York at \oung flood, have repeatedly run 
through to Albany with the same flood tide. The time of high wstrr is 
the same at Pollopell ig'and. at the northern lin.it of the Highlands, as 
at New York; at Albany it is 3 hours 30 minutes later, where the common 
tides are litcle more than one foot. The passage of this river through 
the Highlands, without any impediment to its navigation, save that of a 






Books in 1772. 325 

crooked though deep, and in some places a narrow channel, is a singular 
fact in geography, and it affords a pleasing diversity of scenery The 
Highlands are ahout sixteen miles wide, and their hi'ls and mountains 
present many features of vast sublimity. The water is but sel-lom salt 
or brackish at Poughkeepsie, an.l water casks are often filled below the 
Highlands. Much has been said ahout exlendins sloop navigation up- 
ward, on this river, above where nature lias placed its limit, and im- 
mense sums of money have been expended, to little pui pose. Few 
rivers roll down so much alluvial matter as the Hudson. ?aj between 
Waterford and the head of ship navigation, and this alluvion increases 
with the opening of the land adjoining, and the decrease of the waters in 
the Hudson. While the Brutenkill, Hoosac liver, and the Mohawk, 
pour in their alluvion, it will be a very hur-l matter to make the navi- 
gation better than nature has made it. We may remove a sand-bar in 
one place, at the expense of obstructions in some other place, but all this 
alluvial matter will rest somewhere. The quantity is increasing and 
will increase, till a different plan is adopted, which s>hall carry this allu. 
vion farther down the river. This may be done by throwing in al! (he 
water of the Mohawk at Waterford, connecting the islands by piers or 
moles, so as to make as straight and narrow a i-hannel as may he. and 
a strong current, to the deep tide waters below. Spafford's Gazetteer. 



BOOKS IN 1772. 

The literature vended at this day seems to have been confined to a very 
limited number of books promiscuously arranged in the caialognes of 
other goods. For instance, JOHN HEUGHAN of Sehenrctady. advertises 
" Scotch Snuff, Tobacco, Bibles, Testaments Spelling Boiks, Knives and 
Forks, Writing Paper, Ink Powder, Quills, Razors, "&c. JAMESGOXTR- 
LAY & Co in Uheapside street, next door to the king's arms, Albany, af- 
ter a copious enumeration of articles, arrive at " Penknives, Pin*, Bibles, 
Testaments, Spelling Books. Green and Bohea Tea. Cotton, Pepper, Cho- 
colate, Play ins; Cards,' 1 Miirt Buttons, Curtain Calicoes, Ink Powder, 
Knee Garters," &c. THOMAS BARRY, near the Dutch Church, had 

Pins, None-so pretty of different colors, Testaments, Spelling Books, 
Histories, Black Breeches Patterns," &c. 

1735, un Jer the head of -Iry goods, were advertised by THOMAS BARRY 
' at his store near the Dutch Church," as ju>t imported from Europe 
an I now opening forsale, Bib'es, Testaments, Spelling Books, Primers, 
and Entick's Pocket Dictionaries. Snuff, Tohacco boxes and fiddle strings, 
rattmetts and shalloons, best China and love ribbons, &.(*. Jftc. At ihe 
same time ROHINSON &. HALE advertise Bibles with Psalms and Ps-alrn 
books, Testament* and Spelling Books, Primersand Pocket Dictionaries, 
Young Men's Companions and Arithmetics, which are enumerated rather 
fantastically with red China tea pots, and shoemaker's tools. 



328 



Closing and Opening of the Rivet. 



CLOSING AND OPENING OF THE RIVER SINCE 1785. 

From the Annual Report of the Regents of the University. 



Winters 


River closed or 
ob. with ice. 


River open or free 
of ice. 


Days 
closed 


Remarks. 


1785-86 




March 23, 1786 




Eight times in the last 


1789-90 


Feb. 3, 1790 


March 27, 1790 


52 |65 years has the Hudson 


1790-91 


Dec. 8, 1790 


March 17, 1791 


99 


closed before the 1st De- 


1791-92 


Dec. 8, 1791 






cember ; nine times within 


1792-93 


Dec. 12, 1792 


March 6, 1793 


84 


the same space the river 


1793-94 


Dec. 26, 1793 


March 17, 1794 


81 


was open till the first and 


1794-95 


Jan. 12, 1794 






second weeks in January, 


1795-96 


Jan. 23, 1795 


1 


and once till 3d February, 


1796-97 


Nov. 28, 1796 






In the majority of cases 


1797-9S 


Nov. 26, 1797 






the navigation closed be- 


1798-99 


Nov. 23, 1798 






tween the 7th and 20th 


1799-18 


Jan. 6, 1800 






December. In fifteen of 


1800-01 


Jan. 3, 1801 






the sixty-five years, the 


1801-02 


Feb. 3, 1802 






river remained closed for 


1802-03 


Dec. 16, 1802 






more than one hundred 


1803-04 


Jan. 12, 1804 


April 6, 1804 


84 


days, and in 1843, 136 days 


1804-05 


Dec. 13, 1804 






the longest on record. 


1805-06 


Jan. 9, 1806 


Feb. 20, 1806 


42 


Theyearsl741,1766, 1780, 


1806-07 


Dec. 11, 1807 


April 8, 1807 


121 


and 1821 are the only ones 


1807-08 


Jan. 4, 1808 


March 10, 1808 


65 


in a century in which the 


1808-09 


Dec. 9, 1808 






river has closed over be- 


1809-10 


Jan 19, 1810 






low Powle's Hook, so as 


1810-11 


Dec. 14, 1810 






to be crossed on the ice. 


1811-12 
1812-13 


Dec. 20, 1811 
Dec. 21, 1812 


March 12, 1813 


83 


In 1842 the river opened 
on the 8lh January, and 


1813-14 


Dec. 22, 1813 






was not closed again du- 


1814-15 


Dec. 10, 1814 






ring the winter. In the 


1815-16 


Dec. 2, 1815 






year 1806, it will be seen, 


1816-17 


Dec. 16, 1816 






the navigation was ob- 


1817-18 


Dec. 7, 1817 


March 25, 1818 


108 


structed only 42 days ; and 


1818-19 
1819-20 


Dec. 14, 1818 
Dec. 13, 1819 


April 3, 1819 
March 25, 1830 


110 
102 


the average during the 
the whole 65 years is less 


1820-21 


Nov. 13, 1820 


March 15, 1821 


123 


than 90 days. 


1821-22 


Dec. 13, 1821 


March 15, 1822 


92 




1822-23 


Dec. 24, 1822 


March 24, 1823 


90 




1823-24 


Dec. 16, 1823 


March 3, 1824 


78 




1824-25 


Jan. 5, 1825 


March 6, 1825 


60 




1825-26 


Dec. 13 1825 


Feb. 26, 1826 


75 




1826-27 


Dec. 24, 1826 


March 20, 1827 


86 




1827-28 


Nov. 25, 1827 


Feb. 8, 1828 


50 


about 


1828-29 


Dec. 23, 1828 


April 1, 1829 


100 




1829-30 


Jan. 11, 1830 


March 15, 1830 


63 




1830-31 


Dec. 23, 18301 March 15^ 1831 


82 




1831-32 


Dec. 5, 183l| March 25. 1832 


111 




1832-33|Dec. 2], 1832|March 21, 1833 


83 








Closing and Opening of the River. 



327 



1833-34 


Dec. 13, 1833 


Feb. 24, 1834 


73 


1834-35 


Dec. 15, 1834 


March 25, 1835 


100 


1835-36 


Nov. 30, 1835 


April 4, 1836 


125 


1836-37 


Dec. 7, 1836 


March 28, 1837 


111 


1837-38 


Dec. 13, 1837 


March 19, 1838 


94 


1838-39 


Nov. 25, 1838 


March 21, 1839 


116 


1839-40 


Dec. 18, 1839 


Feb. 21, 1840 


65 


1840-41 


Dec. 5, 1840 


March 24, 1841 


109 


1841-42 


Dec. 19, 1841 


Feb. 4, 1842 


47 


1842-43 


Nov. 29, 1842 


April 13, 1843 


136 


1843-44 


Dec. 9, 1843 


March 14, 1844 


95 


1844-45 


Dec. 11, 1844 


Feb. 24, 1845 


74 


1845-46 


Dec. 4, 1845 


March 15, 1846 


100 


1846-47 


Dec. 15, 1846 


April 6, 1847 


112 


1847-48 


Dec. 24, 1847 


March 22, 1848 


89 


1848-49 


Dec. 27, 1848 


March 19, 1849 


82 



NOTES. 1817-18. This winter was long and intensely cold. On the 
third of March, 1818, the ice moved in a body downwards for some dis- 
tance, and there remained stationary. The river was not cleared until 
March 25th. 

1820-21. The river closed on the 13th, opened on the 20th, and finally 
closed December 1. This was one of the four winters during a century 
in which the Hudson, between Powles' Hook and New York, was cross- 
ed on the ice ; the other three being 1740, '41, 1765, '66, and 1779, '80. 

Jan. 12, 1824. The river was clear of ice and remained so for several 
days. 

1827-28. The river opened and closed repeatedly during this winter. 
Dec. 21, it closed a second time. 

1830-31. Opened in consequence of heavy rains, and closed again on 
the 10th January, 1831. 

1832-33. Opened again January 3 ; closed again January 11. 

1834-35. March 17. River open opposite to the city. March 18, 
Steamboat John Jay came to Van Wie's Point ; ice at the overslaugh. 

1847-48. Dec. 24. River closed. Dec. 31. River opened. 

As the river throughout to New York, has not always been clear of 
ice on the days stated above, the time at which the first steamboat passed 
from New York to Albany or vice versa, is also added for a few years. 

1835, March 25. 

1836, April 10. 

1837, March 31, Robert L. Stevens. 

1838, March 19, Utica. 

1839, March 25, Swallow. 

1840, February 25, Mount Pleasant. 

1841, March 26, Utica. 

1841, February 6, Telegraph. In consequence of heavy rains, the 
river opened in front of the city of Albany on the 8th January, and can 
hardly be said to have closed again during the season. The ice, how- 
ever, continued piled up some miles below, at and about Barren Island, 
near Schodack Landing, and thus rendered the channel impassable. 
Cold weather followed about the middle of February, and again ob- 
structed the navigation. A steamboat arrived on the l?t of March, 1842- 



323 Incidents of a Northern Winter. 

1S43, April 13. Utica. 

1844, March IS. 11 A. M., Utica. 

1845, February 24, steamboat Norwich at 1 A. M., from New York. 
Left ihrtt cily on the 22d, at 8 p. M. River full of ice from West Point 
upwards. Ice opposite Albany, stationary, except a small portion that 
broke away yesterday opposite Lydius street. 

1846, March 18, steamboat Columbia and Oneida arrived. 

1847, April 7, steamboat Columbia. 
184?, March 22, steamboat Admiral. 
1849, March 18, steamboat Columbia. 



INCIDENTS OF A NORTHERN WINTER. 

From the Albany Argus 

1848, January 1. Weather mild and rainy. Lake Champlain clear 
of ice 

January 2. Steamboats Norwich and Columbia arrived from New 
York. 

January 7. Weather cold and fine Thermometer marked 4 degrees 
above zero. Columbia left for New York at 1 o'clock, last boat. 

January 9. Snow 6 to 8 inches deep. Steamboat landed mail at New 
Baltimore. 

January 10. Thermometer marked zero at 7 o'clock, A. M. 

January 11. Thermometers at Albany, 17 to IS below zero. At Am- 
sterdam, 36 below. Rochester, 8 below. Troy, 16 below. New York 
and Brooklyn, 3 above. Boston, 10 below. Fryburgh, Me., 36 to 39 
below. Franconia, N. H., 45 below. The steamboat Columbia, which 
left New York the night before, was compelled to return after running 
up the river 30 miles. 

January 14 and 15. A general thaw. Weather continued to be warm 
the rest of the month- 
February 1. Four to six inches of snow fell. 

February 2. Weather warm again. 

February 4. The steamboat Columbia came within two miles of Al- 
bany. 

Fdbruary 5. Snow fell to a considerable depth. 

February 6. Snowed most of the day. Steamboat came to Coey- 
mans. 

February 9. Thermometer at zero. Hudson closed to Newburgh. 

February 11. Thermometer at zero. 

February 12, Floating ice in New York harbor, for the first time 
this winter. 

February 19. Blue birds seen at Bloomingdale, New York. 

February 20. Heavy rain storm from the south. 

February 23. Steam ferry boat Boston, crossed to East Albany. 

February 24. Weather very cold again ; thermometer five degrees 
above zero. 

February 28. River open to Hudson. 

March 3. Snow storm all day. 

March 9. About a foot of snow fell during the night. 



Opening and Closing of the Canal. 



329 



Thermometer 10 degrees below zero. 

Thermometer at zero at 7 A. M. At Schenectady seven 



March 12. 

March 15. 
below. 

March 16 and 17. Thermometer at zero. 

March 18. Thermometer 23 degrees above zero. 

March 21. Steamboat Columbia at Van Wie's Point. 

March 22. Ice passed out of the river. Steamboat Admiral arrived 
at Albany. 



OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE CANAL FROM 1824 TO 
1349 INCLUSIVE. 

The following table shows the days of opening and closing of the 
canal since 1824: 



Year. 


Opened. Closed. 


No. days. 


Year. 


Opened. 


Closed. 


No. dayt. 


1824. . 


April 30 Dec. 


4 


219 


1837. . 




' 20 


Dec. 


9 


234 


1825. . 


" 12 




5 


233 


1838. . 




12 


Nov. 


25 


228 


1S26. . 


" 20 




18 


213 


1839. . 




20 


Dec. 


16 


228 


1827. . 


" 23 




18 


241 


1840. . 




20 


<t 


3 


227 


1828. . 


Mar. 27 




20 


269 


1841.. 




26 


Nov. 


29 


218 


1829. . 


May 2 




17 


230 


1842. . 




20 


C( 


23 


281 


1830. . 


April 20 




17 


242 


1843. . 


May 1 


Dec. 


1 


214 


1831.. 


16 




1 


230 


1844. . 


April 18 


Nov. 


26 


223 


1832. . 


11 25 




21 


241 


1845. . 


" 15 


M 


29 


228 


1833.. 


" 10 " 


12 


238 


1846. . 


" 16 


f| 


25 


224 


1834. . 


it 17 (i 


12 


240 


1847. . 


May 1 


Dec. 


21 


234 


1835. . 


11 15 Nov. 


30 


230 


1848. . 


" 1 





9 


223 


1836. . 


11 25 " 


26 


216 


1849.. 


1 


91 


5 


219 



COLD DAYS SIXTY YEARS AGO. 

On the first of February, 1789, the thermometer at noon indicated 
18 above zero, and on ihe following morning at 6 o'clock was 24 
below, being 6 colder than had been ever known in the city. This 
memorandum was taken from the weather book kept at the museum 
opposite Denniston's tavern in Green street 

On the 3d Nov. of the same year a snow storm began at 10 in the 
morning and continued through the day, the weather being remarkably 
cold, and having every appearance of the setting in of winter, a circum- 
stance not before recollected by any of the inhabitants. 

On the 9th Dec., 1790, the thermometer indicated 10 below 0, and 
the weather was pronounced colder for the season than had ever been 
known before in this city. 

28* 



330 Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution. 



CELEBRATION OF THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITU- 
TION, 1788. 

The delegates nominated by the two parties for the convention to de- 
cide on the adoption of the federal constitution, were the following : 



FEDERAL. 

Abraham Ten Broeck, 
Jacob Cuyler, 
Francis Nicoll, 
Jeronemus Hoogland, 
Peter Gansevoort, jr 
James Gordon, 
John W. Schermerhorn. 



ANTI-FEDERAL. 

Robert Yates, 
John Lansing, jr. 
Henry Oothoudt, 
Peter Vrooman, 
Israel Thompson, 
Anthony Ten Eyck, 
Dirk Swart, 



By the returns from the counties of Albany, Montgomery, Washing-ton, 
Columbia, Dutchess, Ulster, and Orange, 37 anti-federal candidates were 
elected to the convention for considering the United States Constitution. 
The counties of New York, Weslchester, Kings, and Richmond, gave 19 
federal. The counties of Queens sending 9. was divided. The whole 
number of delegates sent was 67. In New York the vote was decidedly 
federal; some of the opposite candidates receiving only 30 votes and the 
highest, which was given for Gov. Clinton, being but 134. The following 
is the canvass of the votes for the federal delegates, and will show the 
strength of the electors in that city, at that period. 



ANTI -FEDERAL. 

Gov. Clinton, 134 

Col. Willett, 108 

William Dunning, 102 

The remainder each about 30 



FEDERAL. 

John Jay, 2735 

Richard Morris, 2716 

John Sloss Hobart, 2713 

Alex. Hamilton, 2713 

Robt. R. Livingston, 2712 

Isaac Rosevelt, 2701 

James Duane, 2680 

Richard Harrison, 2677 

Nicholas Low. 2651 

The Convention came to a decision on the 26th July 1783, yeas 30, nays 
17; by which New York adopted the Constitution, being the llth 
on the catalogue. 

When the vote was taken in congress 11 states were represented ; the 
two members from Rhode Island were excused from voting, and of the 
22 members remaining there was but one dissenting voice, which was 
that of Mr. Yales, member from New York the other New York mem- 
ber, Mr. L'Hommedieu, voting in the affirmative. 

The city of Albany, not to be behind her sister cities in patriotic 
display, set apart the 8th of Aueust as a day of public rejoicings, to 
celebrate the ratification of the constitution of the United Stales by the 
Conveniion of the state of New York Almost every trade and profession 
seems to have united in the jubilee, with appropriate emblems, and 
formed a truly imposing procession, notwithstanding the preponder- 
ance of the anti-federal party at the polls. A page of the Gazette of 
August 28, is occupied with the proceedings, as follows : 



Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution. 331 

Account of the rejoicings in the city of Albany, on Friday, August 8, 

1788, on celebrating the Ratification of the Constitution for the Gov- 
ernment of the United States, by the Convention of the State of New 

Yorfc. 

At sunrise, a gun was fired to announce the day. 

At 10 o'clock, A. M., 11 guns were fired for the citizens to assemble 
in the fields near Waiervliet. 

At 1C4 o'clock, one gun for forming the procession. 

At 11, the procession was formed, when the whole line on the march 
saluted the Constitution. 

Immediately after the salute, the procession moved, in the following 
order : 

The Albany troop of Light Horse, in full uniform, commanded by 
Captain Gansevoort. 

Music. 

The CONSTITUTION, neatly engrossed on parchment, suspended on a 
decorated staff, and borne by Major General ScLuyler, on horseback. 

Standard of the United Stn.tes, carried by Colonel John A. Wendell. 

Eleven ancient citizens, each representing a state that had ratified 
the Constitution, bearing a scroll of parchment, with the name of the 
state endorsed in capitals. 

AXEMEN: ornamented with garlands of laurels. 

An elegant plough, guided by Stephen Van Rensselaer, Esq. 

SOWERS : John Cuyler, Esq., and Capt. Jacob Lansing. 

A neat harrow, guided by Francis Nicoll, Esq. 

FARMERS : neatly dressed, with various implements of husbandry. 

FARMERS' FLAG : Geen silk a sheaf of wheat. Motto God speed 
the plough. 

BREWERS : preceded by a dray carrying a butt. 

CARPENTERS : preceded by a carriage drawn by two horses, on which 
was erected a workshop 14 feet by 7 ; highly decorated. The flag of 
crimson silk, with a coat of arms. Motto We unite. 

GOLD AND SILVERSMITHS : preceded by a carriage bearing a Gold and 
Silversmith's shop, 12 feet by 7 covered with a canopy supported by 
pillars 7 feet high. All the implements of art in the shop, and three 
artists and an apprentice industriously employed. Flag, blue silk with 
a coat of arms. 

BOAT BUILDERS : with their tools decorated. 

TINMEN AND PEWTERERS: with implements of their craft ornamented. 

BLOCK AND PUMPMAKERS : with their tools ornamented. 

BLACKSMITHS : A carriage, drawn by six horses, supporting a black- 
smith's shop 14 feet by 8, containing a forge, bellows, and all the 
apparatus of the trade, one sledge man, two vice men, one clink, all at 
work; who made and completed during the procession, a set of plough- 
irons, a set of scythe mountings, two axes, and shoes for three horses, 
and followed by master workmen. The flag, black silk with coat of 
arms. Motto 

With hammer in hand, 
All arts do stand. 

CLOCK AND WATCHMAKERS : An apprentice bearing an embellished 
eight-day time piece. 



SAIL MAKERS. 






332 Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution. 

BARBERS: handsomely dressed, bearing implements of their craft, 
decorated. Flag, white silk and coat of arms. Motto Honor and 
Honesty. 

BAKERS : properly dressed, bearing implements of their art, decorated 
an escutcheon, a lonf ornamented. 

NAILERS : each wearing a clean white apron, preceded by a carriage 
drawn by four horses, supporting a nailer's shop, 11 by 9 nailers at 
work. Flag blue silk, coat of arms. Motto 
With hammer and heart, 
We'll support our part. 

CLOTHIERS. 

TOBACCONISTS: dressed in white frocks, each carrying a hand of 
tobacco decorated with ribands. 

CARMEN : In proper dress, preceded by a horse and cart carrying a 
hogshead marked l^o. 11. Flag while silk, and coat of arms. Motto 
We hope to rest in God. 

SHIP JOINERS AND SHIPWRIGHTS : With implements of their art orna- 
mented. 

RIGGERS. 

HATTERS : With decorated tools, preceded by a flag, carried by Mr. 
Solomon Allen. Coat of arms. Motto Success to American Manu- 
factures. 

INSPECTORS OF FLOUR. 

MILLERS, in proper dress. 

WEAVERS : Bearing shuttles decorated. Flag, purple silk, with coat 
of arms. Motto Weave truth with trust. 

PRINTERS: Preceded by apprentices, decorated with blue sashes, 
carrying volumes of newspapers. A white silk flag carried by Charles 
R. Webster ;*fn an escutcheon, the Bible, the Constitution, Sept. 1787, 
Ratification of the State o! New York, July 26, 1788. On a wreath a 
hand holding a composing stick, proper. Motto Our freedom is secured. 

Mr. Webster, and Stoddard* and Babcockf, apprentices, decorated 
with blue sashes, carrying quires of paper, &c. 

PAINTERS AND GLAZIERS. 

TAILORS ; Ornamented with yellow sashes and cockades, wearing 
green aprons, preceded by Messrs. Henry and Gibson. A flag of green 
silk, with a coat of arms. Motto Concordia parva res ere* cunt. 

COACH MAKERS : Preceded by a flag of blue silk and coat of arms. 
Motto Post nubila Phozbus ; followed by a carriage drawn by four 
horses, on which was erected a large workshop, handsomely decorated, 
with several men at work, who framed a coach and put several wheels 
together. 

TURNERS: properly dressed, preceded by a flag of pink colored silk, 
with a coat of arms. Motto 

We turn to serve the common weal, 
And drive the trade with skill and zeal. 

MASONS and BRICKLAYERS. : In their proper dress, carrying the imple- 
ments of their trade ornamented. Flaff blue silk with coat of arms. 

SADDLERS antl HARNESS MAKERS : With implements of their craft. 
A flag of blue silk with coat of arms. Motto Our trust is in God. 

* Printer in Hudson. t Printer in Lansingburgh, 






Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution. 333 

TANNERS and CURRIERS : Carrying the implements of their branches, 
decorated. A flag of pink silk, with coat of arms. 

BRASS FOUNDERS: Neaily dressed in green aprons and white cock- 
ades, carrying implements of the profession, preceded by an air furnace 
neatly constructed. 

COOPERS : Preceded by Benjamin Winne, aged 84 years ; on a car- 
riage drawn by 4 horses, a cooper shop, well constructed, ornamented 
with 11 pillars, each crowned with a cask : several men at work. Flag, 
carried by Mr. Robert Hewson, of red silk, with coat of arms. 

BUTCHERS: In uniform of white frocks and blue sashes, driving 2 
beautiful oxen, ornamented with ribbands, preceded by music. Flag 
blue silk, with coat of arms. Motto May we never want fat cattle. 

CORDWAINERS : A carriage drawn by 2 horses, on which a handsome 
shop, 12 feet Jong and 6 wide was erected. In the shop, Mr. Freden- 
rich and several journeymen and apprentices at work, dressed in white, 
with aprons, yellow sashes and cockades The carriage was preceded by 
Mr. David Groesbeck and Mr. Anthony Hallenbake, and followed by 
masters, journeymen and apprentices Mr. Matthew Fryer carrying a 
yellow silk flag with a coat of arms. 

STATE STANDARD, carried by Major John D. P. Ten Eyck. 

GLASS MAKERS : Dressed in green, carrying various tools and imple- 
ments of their profession globes, bottles and other specimens of their 
manufactory. 

A BATTEAU : Elegantly painted and decorated ; on a carriage drawn 
by two grey horses, neatly caparisoned, loaded with goods proper for the 
Indian trade, navigated by a proper number of batteaumen furnished with 
setting-poles, paddles, &,c., which were used with great skill during the 
procession. Mr. Gerardus Lansingh, in the character of a trader, and 
an Indian, properly dressed and ornamented, sitting in the stern. Dur- 
ing the repast, the batteau made a voyage towards the Mohawk coun- 
try, and returned with a full cargo of peltry. 

CAPTAINS OF VESSELS: Preceded by Capt. Philip Lansing, carrying a 
flag of blue silk, on which was a sloop without sails. Motto " God 
sends sails." 

MERCHANTS and TRADERS, with their clerks, preceded by Mr. Jacob 
Cuyler, carrying a white flag, in an escutcheon, one ship inward and 
another outward bound supported by two sheaves of wheat. Motto 
May our exports exceed our imports. 

The CORPORATIONS of the Dutch, Episcopal and Presbyterian Church- 
es, preceded by the Clergy. 

Sheriff and his deputies, with white wands. 

Constables with their staves. 

Grand Jury. 

Members of Corporation. 

Judges and Justices of Common Pleas. 

The Chancellor. 

Gentlemen of the Bar. in gowns, followed by their students. 

School masters, followed by their scholars. 

Surveyor General 

Adjutant General, and officers of Militia, in complete uniform. 

Physicians and students. 

Detachment of Artillery, commanded by Capt. Lieut. Hale. Stand- 
ard blue silk, on which was a field piece, mortar, and burning shell. 



Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution. 

The PROCESSION moved with the greatest regularity through Watervliet, 
Market, (now Broadway) and Slate street, to the FEDERAL BOWER 
which the van reached at half past twelve o'clock, announced by the 
firing of a gun. 

This edifice made an highly elegant appearance. It was erected on 
a most advantageous part of the heishis west of Fort Frederick ; com- 
manding the most extended prospect of any situation near the city ; and 
when the flags of the respective divisions were displayed on its liattle* 
ments, that of the United States in the centre, that of the State on the 
right, and the farmers on the left, the coup p'cetZ was extremely pleasing. 

The edifice was 154 feet in length and 44 in breadth, and was raised 
on 4 rows of pillars, 15 feet in height, which were close wreathed with 
foliage and composed of 11 arches in front- 

From the architrave, which was clothed with verdant branches, fes- 
toons of foliage were suspended, which crossed the arches; above the 
centre of which, were white oval medallions, with the name of a rati- 
fying state on each. 

When the procession had drawn up in a line, at the rear of the bower, 
the company marched off, in regular divisions, to the tables, which were 
plentifully covered with substantial American cheer; handsomely ar- 
ranged under the direction of Mr. WM. VAN INGEN. And the tables, 
which were eleven in number, placed across the collonade, in a line with 
the arches, were by no means sufficient for the company. 

After dinner, the following toasts were drank, each honored with the 
discharge of eleven guns : 

1. The United States. 

2. The States which ratified the New Constitution. 

3. The Convention of this State. 

4. The Eleventh Pillar in the Federal edifice. 
6. General Washington. 

6. The friendly powers of Europe. 

7. Agriculture and Commerce. 

8. American Manufactures. 

9. Inland navigation and the Fur trade restored. 

10. The memory of those Heroes who have fallen in defence of Amer- 
ican Liberty. 

11. Concord and confidence at home, and respectability abroad. 

12. May virtue, patriotism and harmony prevail, and discord be ban- 
ished from all American councils. 

13. May the union of the States be perpetual. 

A gun was fired, as a signal for again forming the procession, which 
was done with the utmost regularity and dispatch The route then ta- 
ken was down State street into Pearl street, and through it, Columbia 
street, Market street and Court street, inlo a spacious pasture south of 
Fort Orange ; where the whole formed a semicircle. After 11 guns 
had been fired from the Fort, answered by three cheers from the whole, 
the respective divisions marched off at intervals, and as they passed the 
Fort, received a salute of a single gun, which they returned with three 
cheers. 

JAMESFAIRLIE, Esq., was the Marshal of the procession. His 
assistants were THOS. L. WITBECK, CASPARUS HEWSON, JOHN CUYLER, 
Jr., and JOHN BLEECKER. 






Centennial Anniversary. 



335 



It may be mentioned, by way of episode, that when the procession 
reached Green street, a party of ami-federalists, as they were then 
called, who had collected there, made an assault upon it, and a skirmish 
ensued. One of the principal actors in the scene was the late Mr. Jon- 
athan Kidney. A cannon had been procured, and heavily charged ; and 
the excitement was so great, trTat it would undoubtedly have been dis- 
charged upon the line of procession, had not Mr. Kidney prevented it 
by driving the end of a file into the fuse, and breaking it off. The light- 
horse made a charge upon the assailants, wo scampered out of the way. 
The projecting oven of the old Stone House was torn down to furnish 
missiles, Among the wounded on the occasion was Mr. James Cald- 
well, who received a brick upon his forehead. 

The election of members of Assembly, terminated in the success of 
the anti-Federa! B party, and seems to have been the first party struggle 
growing out of the dissension on the question of the Constitution. The 
vote of the two parties in the county of Albany, as canvassed by the 
supervisors, on the 27th May, 1788, stood as follows. John Younglove 
seems to have had the votes of both. 



ANTI-FEDERAL. 

John Lansing, 3048 

Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, .. 3042 

John Duncan 2990 

Cornelius Van Dyck, 3033 

John Thompson, 3006 

Henry K. Van Rensselaer, .. 2911 

John Younglove 4807 



FEDERAL. 

Stephen Van Rensselaer, .... 1953 

Leonard Gansevoort, 1888 

Richard Sill, 1877 

Hezekiah Van Orden, 1871 

John Knickerbacker, 1868 

Isaac Vrooman, 1851 



CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY. 

On Saturday, the 22d day of July, 1786, the corporation and citizens 
of Albany celebrated the Centennial Anniversary of the charter of the 
city. '' At 11 o'clock the corporation convened in the council chamber, 
at the City Hall, where they were joined by a great number of citizens ; 
when the bells of the several churches began to ring, they marched in 
procession westward of the city, where a number of toasts were drank, 
under the discharge of cannon from the Fort." 

The order of procession was as follows : 1, The Sheriff; 2, Under 
Sheriff ; 3, Constables; 4, Mayor ; 5, Recorder; 6. Aldermen; 7, As- 
sistants ; 8, Clerk and Chamberlain ; 9, City Marshal ; 10, The Minis- 
ters, Elders and Deacons of the Dutch, Lutheran, Episcopal, Pres- 
byterian and German Churches; 11, Fire and Engine Companies; 12, 
Members of the Legislature, Judges. Justices, and Counsellors at Law; 
13, Officers of the Army and Militia ; 14, Citizens at large. In addi- 
tion to the above, we are told that " the countenances of the inhabit- 
ants bespoke great satisfaction on the occasion." 






336 Memoranda of 1784-5. 



MEMORANDA OF 1784-5. 

In the year 1784, the post-office at Albany served for the adjoining 
towns not only, as Schenectady and Greenbush, but also for Orange and 
Dutchess counties, Cherry Valley, Pleasant Valley, &c., and Vermont. 

By the post-office arrangements, two years afterwards, the New- York 
mail arrived twice a week. Wednesdays and Saturdays, at 8 o'clock P. 
M.j and two hours after its receipt, the down mail was made up and 
forwarded. 

On the 7th of October, the Marquis Lafayette arrived in the city, on 
his return from Fort Stanwix, where he had been to attend the Inrlian 
treaty. On Friday morning he left for Boston, by the way of Hartford, 
which latter place he reached on the following Monday a journey 
which may now be made in about nine hours. 

The city ordinance regnlating the Ferry rates, was as follows : 
For transporting every person across, except a sucking child, 2 coppers. 
For every man, ox, horse or cow, . . , . .9 pence. 

do. Jive sheep or lamb, 3 do. 

do. dead do. .2 do. 

do. barrel of rum, sugar, molasses, or other full brl., 6 do. 

do. pail of butter, 1 do. 

do. firkin or tub of butter, .... 2 do. 

do. wagon and two horses, 8 shillings. 

do. full chest or trunk, 6 pence. 

do. empty do. 5 coppers. 

do. skipple of wheat or other grain, . . 1 do. 

do. cwt. of lead, pewter or other metal, . . 4 do. 

do. chaise or chair and horse, .... 15 pence. 

do. saddle without a horse, 2 coppers. 

do. dozen pair shoes or boots, ... - 2 do. 

do. do. steel traps, 6 do. 

And all other articles and things not enumerated, in the same propor- 
tion to the rates above specified. 

These rates were doubled after sunset until sunrise; and it was en- 
joined upon the ferry master to keep at least two boats and a scow, two 
of which should be constancy manned by four able hands. 

The health of the city during the winter of 1784-5, was so remarka- 
ble, that but one burial took place among the congregation of the Dutch 
church from the 9th December to the 10th March, and that was a small 
child accidently run over by a sleigh. 

On Saturday the 30th April, 1785, the term of the Supreme Court 
ended, when Petrus and Christian Cooper were convicted of robbery, 
and Christian Loucks of horse stealing, all of whom received sentence 
of death therefor. Two convicted of felony were admitted to benefit of 
clergy, one whipped for petit larceny, and two discharged by proclama- 
tion. The Coopers were hung on the 8th June, and died protesting 
their innocence. Loucks was pardoned a few days before the time set 
for his execution. 

In June, 1785, a company of" stage- wagon" proprietors undertook to 
make the land passage between New- York and Albany, " the most 
easy and agreeable, as well as the most expeditious," by performing the 






Memoranda of 1784-5. 337 

journey in two days, at 3d. a mile ; but in the fall of the year, ll for the 
ease of passengers, "the time of performing the route was altered to three 
days, and the price raised to 4<. a mile, ' ' agreeable to act of Assembly." 
This made two trips a week. No one imagined at that time, probably, 
that the journey would ever be regularly performed in a single day. . . v , 

Alexander Laverty," tayler from London, "advertises that " payments 
will be made easy to those who will please employ him." His prices 
were, for making a coat 14s. ; lapelled do, 16s. ; lapelled with slash 
sleeves, 18s ; vest and breeches 6s. 9d. 

The price of bread in New York, as regulated by the common council, 
was 1/6. l^oz. for 4 coppers ; 2lb. 5oz. for 8 coppers. Fine flour 24s. 
per. cwt. 

An ordinance was passed by the corporation for the extermination of 
dogs, all of whom were to be killed in two days, under penalty of 8, 
Which was to be recovered for the benefit of any person prosecuting. 

On the 7th Nov. 1785, the Presbytery of New York ordained John 
McDonald a minister of the gospel, and installed him pastor of the Pres- 
byterian church in Albany. He was the last pastor who officiated in 
the old wooden edifice then occupied by the first Presbyterian church near 
the north east corner of Grand and Hudson streets. 

The first theatrical performance in Albany was enacU-d by a company 
from New York, having gained permission " for one month only," from 
" his excellency the governor." They occupied the hospital and the first 
play was Venice Preserved, July 3, 1769. 

Under date of Dec. 5, 1786, we learn from the Gazette, that " a num- 
ber of carpenters for these somedays have been employed in fitting up 
with great expedition the Hospital in this city, a? a Theatre." It opened 
on the 14ih with Cross Purposes, and Catharine and Petruchio ; between 
which was a dance, La Polonaise, and An Eulogy on Freemasonry. 
Tickets were to be had at Mr. Lewis's tavern, as no money would be 
taken at the door. Boxes 8s. ; Gallery 4s. A vigorous effort was made 
to discontinue these performances, by a large and respectable part of 
community, but the common council determined by a vote of 6 to 4, 
that they had no legal right to prohibit theatrical exhibitions in the city. 
A whole number of the Gazette is taken up with the controversy, to 
the exclusion of every other item. 

On the 4th April, 1786, an act passed the legislature of the state of 
New York for erecting the southeast part of the county of Albany into 
a new county, by the name of Columbia. 

At the July term of the Supreme Court, which closed its session on 
the 5th of July, Caleb Gardner, convicted of passing counterfeit Spanish 
dollars, received sentence ol death. Two we^ks afterwards the sheriff 
advertised that the persons then under sentence of death in the City 
Hall would be hanged on Friday, the 14th of September, and that any 
person willing to undertake the execution was desired to apply to the 
eaid sheriff. 



338 Condition and Prospects of the City in 1789. 



CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE CITY IN 1789. 

A writer in the Gazette of this year gives the following account of its 
condition, improvements and prospects : 

Every thinking man, who takes a retrospective view of this city, and 
contemplates what it was seven or eight years aeo, and what it now is, 
will be astonished at the improvements in the city, and the increase of 
commerce, manufactures, &c., since that period. Then some of the 
principal streets were shamefully neglected, without a pavement suffi- 
cient even for a foot passenger to walk on, without annoying himself 
with filth. We have a prospect, ere another year shall transpire, of 
seeing the principal streets not only comfortably, but elegantly paved. 
In addition to which, the wharves have been repaired and enlarged, 
and the city adorned with several new private buildings, which would 
not disgrace some of the principal cities in Europe, and would ornament 
any in America. 

At that period a competent English teacher was scarcely to be found. 
We now havo an academy, which flourishes under the direction of Mr. 
Merchant, a gentleman who has always given such proofs of his abili- 
ities, as to render encomium entirely superfluous. 

At that period not more than seventy, at the utmost calculation, shops 
and stores were kept in this city. Now we behold Market and State 
streets crowded with stores, and rents in those streets unhat ced to such 
a degree as to put houses out of the reach of inconsiderable traders. Nor 
had we manufactories of any kind, but depended on importation entire- 
ly for every manufactured article. Now we see the citizens stimulated 
by motives of public spirit, daily promoting them. Messrs. Stevenson, 
Douw & Ten Eyck have erected a nail manufactory, in which nails of 
every description are manufactured as cheap, and pronounced to be su- 
perior to any imported. 

^Much praise is also due to James Caldwell, of this city, merchant, for 
his spirited exertions in promoting the manufacture of tobacco of every 
description, snuff, mustard and chocolate, for which purpose he has, at 
great expense, erected mills which are ranked among the first in Amer- 
ica ; and in which every article manufactured is of the best ingredients, 
and allowed to be of superior quality 

What a glorious prospect lies before us ! A thriving city, situated in 
the heart of a feitile, extensive and growing country, possessing all the 
advantage* of trade that can be desired, united to the power (some 
trivial inconveniences excepted) of enjoying those of navigation. Such 
are the blessings which Nature has bestowed on us. And I flatter my- 
self I am not too sanguine, when I indulge the idea, that I shall live to 
see the day when this city, adorned with every necessary public build- 
ing, and other improvements, will become the fixed seat of government 
of thp Legislature; shipping of considerable bulk, owned by our own 
merchants, opening their canvas before our wharves, and wafting the 
produce of our country to distant quarters of the globe : in short, that 
the city will wear an aspect as different from what it did seven years 
ago, as twilight is from noon-day. 






A "Tobacco Establishment of 1790. 339 



A TOBACCO ESTABLISHMENT OF 1790. 

It is believed that Mr. JAMES CALDWELL was the first great tobacco 
manufacturer of this region. 

The editor of the Gazelle, in the fall of 1790, gave a description of 
the recently erected tobacco works of this gentleman, prefaced by 
some laudatory and prophetic remarks on the present and future condi- 
tion of the city. " While we receive daily accounts of the progress of 
manufactures in our infant country," he says, " it affords us a singular 
pleasure to have it in our power to present the flattering prospects we 
have of vieing in this respect with any other town on the continent. As 
the peculiar advantages of our situation entitle us to look forward to the 
period when a commerce, great beyond calculation, must circiilate through 
this place, we have equal reasons, from the advances already made, to 
anticipate the flourishing state of our manufactures." Tl.e establish- 
ment recently put in operation by Mr. Caldwell is selected as an in- 
stance of the enterprise of the day the site of which was occupied for 
the same purpose, by his partner and successor Mr. Solomons, until 
about twenty years ago. 

" The buildings belonging to these works extend on a line along the 
front about 2UO leet. That part which contains the machinery of the 
mills is 42 feet front. One water-wheel of 3 feet wide with 1^ inches 
water, by an upright shaft puts in motion the snuff-mill, which consists 
of 4 mortars, 16 rollers, and a snuff bolt. A mustard mill, with 2 large 
rollers, 4 mortars and stampers ; a charcoal mill, with a run of Mones 
and cocoa-roaster 5 an engine for cutting smoking tobacco; a machine 
for cutting tobacco for the snuff-mill ; and a larse grindstone for the use 
of the works. It likewise gives motion to an elegant colossal figure of 
a man, represented in the act of turning a winch, from which all the 
machinery apparently receives motion. 

"The tobacco is pressed and brought to the knife of the cutting ma* 
chine on a plan entirely new, without manual labor. All these works, 
together with a kiln for preparing the mustard seed, are on the first and 
second floors. Any part may be set in motion or stopped without af- 
fecting the others. On the third floor is a kiln for tobacco. Both kilns 
are on a new and improved construction. Here aie a number of hands 
constantly employed in packing snuff and tobacco. The house for dry- 
ing and curing tobacco adjoins the mill on the west, and is 70 feet in 
front. The fire-places are constructed with such improvements as not 
to require one-fourth the wood commonly consumed for the like pur- 
poses. The upper part is occupied as a store-room for tobacco. The 
house on the west contains the tobacco manufactory ; on the lower floor 
of which are nine complete presses, and a room where the tobacco is 
formed into rolls, in a manner never before discovered, without either 
pins or thorns of which invention the merit is solely due to the manu- 
facturer. On the second floor the spinning is done, where 24 hands are 
constantly employed in the various parts of the business. There is a 
machine by which one boy can turn for five or six tables, and can stop 
either, when occasion requires, without interrupting the rest. This last 
improvement has been often attempted in Europe and America, but hat 
never before been brought to the perfection it is here. 



340 A Tobacco Establishment of 1790. 

" The water is conveyed to the mills by a trench, and from thence 
passes off by a subterraneous conduit, over which is the main road ; and 
the water-wheel is so sheltered that neither can be perceived from the 
inside or outside of the mill. Besides these buildings, there is an ele- 
gant and commodious dwelling-house and several out-houses belonging 
to the manufactory, all disposed in such a manner as to make a heauti- 
ful appearance. They are situated about one mile from the centre of 
the city, and 400 yards west from the mansion house of Stephen Van 
Rensselaer, Esq., at the entrance of the delightful valley, through 
which a never failing stream passes, that turns a number of other mills 
within sight of each other. 

"Mr. Christopher Batterman,* a young man, a native of Boston, is 
the architect, to whose ingenuity the plan of the works, and the various 
improvements in the execution are to be ascribed as he was solely en- 
trusted by Mr. Caldwell with the construction of them. He intends to 
make Albany his residence. The snuff mill is in such high perfection, 
that by going only nine months in the year, more snuff can be produced, 
it is said, than is consumed annually in the northern part of America. 
We may add, without prejudice or vanity, that these works are supe- 
rior to any thing of the kind in America j and give evidence of an emu- 
lation which will in a few years, in all probability, place Albany on a 
footing with the first cities on the continent." 

July 12, 1794. "The extensive and beautiful works, belonging to 
Mr. Caldwell, situated about a mile north of this city, were entirely 
consumed by fire, together with between five and six thousand pounds 
worth of stock. The whole loss is estimated at upwards of 13,000. 
The fire broke out between the hours of one and two in the morning of 
Saturday, in the chorolate mill, but by what means il caught, no one is 
able to determine. Nothing was saved of all that range, but one small 
kitchen." 

These works were soon rebuilt. 

* He is believed to have been the ancestor of the Battermans residing in Guilder- 
land ; having removed to the glass-works after this establishment was completed, where 
he resided during his life, and left a large and valuable estate. 



Annals of Albany, 1849. 341 

ANNALS OF ALBANY FOR THE YEAR 1849. 
JANUARY. 

1. Newyear; weather pleasant, and sleighing good Hon. Ha- 
milton Fish and George W. Patterson, Governor and Lieut Governor 

elect, inaugurated at the Capitol Michael McKown died of a 

wound inflicted by William Maxsted, Dec. 9lh Total commit- 
ments to the penitentiary for the year ending December last, 363 ; to 
the jail, 1961. 

2. Cold day ; mercury 2 above zero. An alarm of fire in the evening: 

an unfinished building slightly damaged.* The Governor's message, 

by means of the magnetic telegraph, was promulgated at the western 
and southern extremities of the state simultaneously with its being read 
in the Capitol. 

4. A convention of civil engineers met at the common council room 
in the City Hall, to discuss a proposition for forming themselves into a 
society The refectory of Adams & Welch entered by burglars. 

5. Dr. Wing gave notice in the Assembly of a bill for the removal of 
the Hallenbeck burial ground, corner of S. Pearl and Hamilton streets. 
Benedict Lewis died, aged 66. John Paterson died, aged 76. 

6. Peter Courtright died, aged 34 Mercury in the thermometer 

sinking rapidly. 

7. Warner Daniels junior, formerly of this city, died in New York, 
aged 31. Mrs. Euphemia, wife of William Chambers, died, aged 31. 
Mrs. Philo D. Lyon died Rev. Orville Dewey, D.D , having ac- 
cepted an invitation to preach for the Unitarian Society one year, entered 

upon the duties of his oflice Weather very cold, the mercury little 

above zero Fahrenheit's scale. 

8. Ice on the river one foot in thickness: By means of a temporary 
bridge on to it at the foot of State street, an uninterrupted and safe 
communication is formed with East Albany. 

9. Willian Bradley Cole, a printer, from Albany, died at Nassau, 

Bahama Islands, aged 27 Nineteen paintings and sixteen Allston 

and Stewart medals, prizes allotted to the Albany members of the 
American Art Union, arrived, and were exhibited at Little &. Co.'s 

Bookstore Alderman Jenkins reported the following schedule of 

the state of the City Railroad Sinking Fund, viz : Amount of sinking 
fund, Jan. 1, 1849, $231,597-38. Loaned on bonds and mortgages on 
property in the ciiy, $209,617-005 city stock, $20,000-00; cash in bank. 
$1980-38. 

10. The corporation directed application to be made to the legislature 
for a law to designate the place of landing and departure of steamboats. 

Dr. Fay, the almshouse physician, reported, that during the last 

three months, 183 inmates required medical treatment, 122 of whom 

\vere cured, 15 died, and 46 are still under treatment Receipts of 

the Albany & Boston Railroad Company over those of last year, $6000. 

11. Aggregate valuation of the real estate in the city, $8,209,957-00; 
personal, $2,729,881-00; total, $10,939.838-00. Amount of taxes as- 

29 



342 Annals of Albany, 1849. 

sessed for city purposes, $172,079'34; for county purposes, $71,463 - 10; 
total, $243,542-44. Incorporated companies pay taxes on $2,004, 634'86 ; 

private individuals, $725,24698 j total, $2,729,881-84 Meeting of 

the Society for the relief of the poor, held in the Middle Dutch Church. 

Amount of profits received at St. Vincent's Orphan Fair, held by 

the Sisters of Charity, $3144.64 The coldest day yet; mercury 

ranging from 8 to 12 below zero Dorothea, wife of Capt. James 

Wilson, died, aged 35. 

12. Amos Pilsbury reappoinfed superintendent of the Penitentiary for 
three years; and William W- Forsyth and Samuel Pruyn of the city, and 
Gilbert J. Van Zandt of Watervliet, chosen directors for the same term. 

The death of Rev. Noah Levings, D.D., former pastor of the 

M. E. C. in Division street, was announced by telegraph The 

store of H. D.Hawkins in Exchange street, and Griffin's eating house 
in Green street, were entered by burglars. 

13. Louisa, wife of W. W. Van Zandt, and daughter of W. Dowd, 

died, aged 27 The Albany California Company left New York in 

the ship Tarolinta Telegraph not in operation The gun- 
smith shop of W. I. & R. H. Scott, in Beaver street, was partially injured 
by fire. 

14. Sarah E. Ford died, aged 25 Change of weather, resulting 

in a January thaw. William Hill, a newsboy, fell through the ice, 

but was rescued alive. 

15. Hon. D. D. Barnard delivered an address in the court room at the 
City Hall, on the Life and Character of the late Chief Justice Ambrose 
Spencer The weather moist throughout the day, and rain at in- 
tervals. 

16. The streets and sidewalks covered by a thick coating of ice. 

17. Cynthia, wife of Brunson A. Baldwin, died, aged 25, Prof. 

Emmons delivered an address on Agricultural Science, in the assembly 

chamber, before the Slate Agricultural Society John B. Gough 

lectured before the State Temperance Convention Patrick Coyle, 

Michael Flood and Peter Halpen were killed by gas escaping from a 
pipe which they were repairing. Coyle was injured by the rope with 
which he was lowering himself with intent to relieve the other two. 

18. Fire among the wooden tenements on Quay, between Steuben and 

Columbia streets; several of them burned Richard Mochrie, an 

old inhabitant of the city, found dead in his bed Concert for the 

benefit of the Mission Sabbath School, held in Dr. Campbell's Church, 
Pearl street. 

19. Nathaniel R. Packard died, aged 64 A fire broke out in the 

block known as the Lumbermen's Exchange, at the Little Basin, and 
consumed a part of it. 

20. James McGrath junior died, aged 28. 

21. Trinity Church, in Broad street, opened for divine service. 

22. Christian Mary St. John died, aged 33., Alarm of fire caused 

by the burning of a small frame building near Troy Iron works. 

23. Frederick Fink, a well known artist of this city, died at his fa- 
ther's residence at Liltlefalls. Lewis Farnham died, aged 23 

Commencement of the Albany Medical College held : number of students 
about 100, of whom 20 graduated, receiving the degree of M. D. Va- 
ledictory address by Dr. Armsby. 






Annals of Albany, 1849. 343 

24. James McCulloch died. Lawrence Courtright died, aged 38. 
.... Six large buildings on the south side of Washington street, occupied 
as dwellings and storehouses, were burnt. 

25. Hardware store of Daniel Fry entered by burglars, who obtained 

about one dollar in silver for their labor Rev. Dr. Halley, of Troy, 

delivered a lecture on the k< Probability of the planetary and stellar orbs 
being inhabited," before the Young Men's Association, in the First 

Presbyterian Church Mrs. Elizabeth Blake died, aged 24. George 

McKenzie died, aaed62 Passengers by the Housatonic route, who 

left New York at 8 A. M., arrived in the city at 5 p. M. 

26. Weather quite mild for the season Mrs. Barbara Hamburgh 

died, aged 45. Elizabeth McHarg, sister of the late John P. McHarg, 
died at Bethlehem, aged 76. John C. Ostrander, formerly of Albany, 
died at Boonville, Missouri, aged 45. 

27. William Osborn arrested on a charge of setting fire to a building 
in Washington street : subsequently convicted. 

28. Wells S. Hammond, esquire, of Cherry Valley, son of Hon. Jabez 
D. Hammond, died suddenly at Stanwix Hall in this city. 

30. An alarm of fire occasioned by the bursting of a camphene lamp, 
Corner of South Pearl and Nucella streets. 

31. Catherine O'Connor died. Child of Mrs. David Groesbeck died 
in consequence of failing into hot water. 

FEBRUARY, 1849. 

1. Catharine, wife of Conrad Van Alen, died., Caucus was held 

in the assembly chamber at the Capitol : nominated Hon. William H- 
Seward for U. S. senator, in the place of Hon. John A. Dix. 

2. James Sayles's porter-house, in William street, was entered by 
burglars William Rennie drowned. 

4. Jason Rudes died, aged 74. Prudence, wife of James Kelly, died. 

5. Cornelius Lynch died, aged 35. 

6. Ship Robert Bowne sailed from New York for California, with 
twenty miners from Albany on board The New York State Medi- 
cal Society met in the Capitol. A. H. Stevens, M. D., of N. York, was 
reflected president ; and nearly all the other oflicers, also, were re- 
elected Christopher Keeler died, aged 83. 

7. Sale of the medical library of the late Dr. Eights. 

8. Election of officers of the Young Men's Association for the ensuing 
year. 

9. Isaac Ward, father of J. C. Ward, died. 

10. The store of Philip Dunn, in State street, was robbed of about 
$140: the robbers escaped. 

12. Amos S. Fassett, late of this city, died at Vienna, Oneida county. 

The house of Henry Switzer, 87 Herkimer street, was entered 

and robbed of several articles of ladies' wearing apparel, &.c. 

13. The Governor announced to the Legislature the donation of the 
late Pope Gregory to the State Library, through M. Vattemare and 
Bishop Hughes, in return for a copy of the Natural History of the State 
transmitted to him. The donation includes engravings, &c., executed 
by the best masters. 



344 Amials of Albany, 1849. 

14. At the suggestion of the Secretary of State, the Legislature took 
some incipient steps for the publication of the documents illustrative of 
the early history of the State, collected in England, France and Holland, 

in 1839 The winter exhibition of the Albany and Rensselaer 

Horticultural Society was held at the State Agricultural Rooms, State 
street. 

15. Francis Fiske died A pair of oxen from Wyoming county, 

weighing nearly 5000 pounds, were exhibited and purchased by Mr. D. 
D. Shaw. 

16. Thermometer, at 5^ A . M., at 1 1 below zero .Mrs. Frances 

Maria, wife of Mr. James R. Whyte, died, aged 53. 

18. John Topp died, aged 49. William Kane died, aged 75. 

19. Mrs. Sally White died, aged 58 Mr. C. Leach, of Eaton, 

Madison county, sold, at Warford's cattle exchange, three oxen for 

Brighton market, weighing over 2200 Ibs. each, at $9 per hundred 

Dry goods store of Henry T. Mesick, 68 Washington street, was broken 
open, and goods to the value of $300 stolen. 

20. Jellis Winne junior, cashier of the Bank of Albany, resigned his 
office on account of ill health. 

21. Nathaniel Tarbell, aged about 37, was killed on the Troy road, 
near the city, by the upsetting of the stage coach of which he was driver. 

22. Washington's birthday celebrated. Members of the Legislature, 

and several Albanians, partook of an annual dinner at Troy Mrs. 

Ann Lydiott died. 

23. Mrs. James Teelin of 37 Washington street, with two others, was 
assaulted in the street, and robbed of a purse containing a small sum 
of money. 

24. Four inches of snow fell during the night Mr. Jennings, in 

Green street, exhibited a hog weighing 949 Ibs. dressed. 

25. The house near the Railroad Depot, known as Duff's Broadway 
House, was totally destroyed by fire, the inmates barely escaping. A 
neighboring house or two was injured. 

27. Streets covered with ice and remnants of snow heaps : walking 

bad.. House of Mr. Traver, in Lodge street, robbed of a large 

quantity of wearing apparel and some silver plate Thomas Lig- 

gins, confined for grand larceny, made an unsuccessful attempt to break 
jail. 

28. The ladies of the Universalist Society held a tea party, for the 
benefit of the funds of their church. 

MARCH, 1849. 

1. Dr. Pierce, of Brookline, Mass., the oldest graduate of Harvard 
College, delivered a discourse in the First Presbyterian Church, on the 

life and character of John Quincy Adams David Schwartz died, 

aged 73. 

2. A valuable silver watch, with 15 or $20 in money, was stolen from 
the house 67 Van Woert street. 

3. C. P. Williams & Go's lumber office, a large quanty of lumber, 

and several valuable houses adjoining, were destroyed by fire 

Mrs. Leslie, corner of Lumber and Water streets, was safely delivered 
of four children, since dead. 



Annals of Albany, 1849. 345 

4. Betsey, wife of Samuel Steele, died, aged 60. Mrs. Catharine 
Hart died, aged 37. Catherine, wife of Adam Stewart, died, aged 30. 

5. Inaugural address of President Taylor received by telegraph 

The directors of the Albany Savings Bank reported $707,595'62 as the 

amount of its deposils. most of which is in sums less than $100 

Ann Alida, wife of Col. De Russy, died atFortress Munroe, after a short 
illness, aged about 40. This lovely woman, says a correspondent of the 
Evening Post, was the daughter of Isaac Denniston, esquire, of Albany, 
and as amiable as she was lovely. No one acquainted with the society 
of that city about twenty years since, can have forgotten how much this 
lady was admired ; nor how, with two other ladies, connections of her 
family, equally beautiful, though of differing styles of beauty, she was a 
grace that attracted universal homage. It was not often that so much 
personal elegance could be found in such close affinity. With a refined 
taste, a Jove of letters, and a more than ordinary talent, this lady was the 
'' cynosure of every eye. :; And now that she has passed away from the 
friends who loved her, and the circle she adorned, we call to mind, with 
the deepest emotion, those virtues, talents and attractions, which made 
the morning of life so brilliant ; which drew around her in after years 
the most devoted friends, and now enshrine her memory in hearts where 
her living image was ever present. 

7. Ice in the river said to be yet nearly three feet in thickness 

A. J. Winters, a grocer from Albany, was killed in attempting to get 
into the cars at Rome, Oneida county. 

9. Jacob Featherly died, aged 25. Hannah, wife of Stephen Parsons, 
died at New-Baltimore, agel 90. 

11. James H. Crane died. 

12. Christina, wife of Oliver H. Perry, died, aged 28. George H. 

Scrafford died, aged 37. Thomas Dutson died, aged 63 A canal 

was cut through the ice to East Albany, for the use of the Boston and 
Albany ferry boat. 

13. Mrs. Sylvester Topping died Weather quite spring-like. . . 

A baker's sleigh, with two men and other loading, fell through the ice: 
recovered. 

14. Mrs. N. S. Washburn died. Mrs. Margaret Rankin, wife of John 
Ogden Dey, formerly from Albany, died at Oakwood farm near Cayuga 

Bridge, aged 47 A canal cut through the ice, for the use of the 

Bath ferry boat. 

16. Curtis Ware, aged 37, died. 

17. Steamer Columbia, Capt. Hulse, arrived about 11 P.M., making 
her way through the ice ; the first boat since the closing of the river in 

December High Mass said in St. Mary's Church, in honor of St. 

Patrick's anniversary Mrs. Mary Ann McGarvey died, aged 45. 

19. Steamer Columbia left, heavily laden with passengers and freight 
Peter McKenna died, aged 80. 

20. James Branion died of consumption, aged 17. Mrs. Ann Groot 
died in her 60th year. 

21. The ice from the Mohawk floated past the city Steamer 

Oregon came to the new landing place ; her first trip since the closing 

of navigation Sloop Miriam of Albany, Capt. Johnson (a colored 

man), arrived from New York in 17 hours Miss N. C. Brainard 

died. Grace, wife of William Kennedy, died. 



346 Annals of Albany, 1849. 

22. Steamer Baltic, of Schuyler & Co.'s line, with the Trojan, be- 
longing to Durant, Lathrop & Co., each with several boats in tow, left 

for New York Steamer Isaac Newton arrived, the second boat 

through The Evening Journal entered its twentieth year 

Washington Hunt inaugurated as Comptroller. 

23. Martin Van Alstyne, for many years a successful hardware mer- 
chant in the city, died, aged 65 At the meeting held at the City 

Hall, to take into consideration the frauds of the Canal Bank, Teunis 
Van Vechten was chairman. 

24. John I. Burton, aged 24, died. Michael Daley was found dead in 
the street, having, in a fit of delirium, sprung from the second story 
window of his house. 

25. A wall in Liberty street, standing since the late fire, was blown 

down, damaging several adjoining buildings Deborah, wife of 

John Burton, died, aged 66. 

26. A bill to establish a hospital in Albany passed the lower house: 
question still pending in the Senate At the request of the super- 
visors, the Legislature has recently abolished ward assessors, and sub- 
stituted a board of three individuals Mr. John Hermans died in 

the 29th year of his age. John Van Ness junior died. 

27. Mary Bard, wife of R.S. Warren, died, aged 32 Mr. Saxton 

lectured on California in the Assembly Chamber. 

28. Jonathan Kidney, a soldier of the revolution, and one of the oldest 
inhabitants of the city, died. ...... The boats from New York were 

greatly impeded by a severe wind storm. 

29. Rev. Stephen Bush and wife, from this city, as missionaries to 
Siam, arrived at Batavia. Island of Java, in 98 days. 

31. A machine for sewing and stitching was exhibited at the Mansion 

House The finance committee of the Common Council reported 

that the city debt, on the first of May last, was $877,896 00. 

APKIL, 1849. 

2. James Masters, of Rochester, had his pocket picked at the Western 

Railroad Depot A barn and stable in Orange street, belonging to 

Mr. H. Simons, were burned. 

3. Hannah Beekman, widow of Peter Douw Beekman, died, aged 83. 

The Canal Board announced a reduction in the rate of tolls on 

corn, bloom iron, &c A destructive fire occurred, which burned 

about ten houses on Water and Colonie streets. 

4. Henry Williams died, aged 69 The Common Council appro- 
priated $100 for an alarm bell at the Little Basin Mr. Bokee, of 

the Senate, reported favorably on the bill for the removal of the Hallen- 

beck burial ground The Legislature passed an act in relation to 

the basin expenses. 

5. Mary Ann, wife of Andrew D. Kirk, died About 25 houses 

in North Lansing and Montgomery streets were destroyed by fire 

The grand jury came into court with twenty indictments, four sealed... 
A prisoner (Bill Barry) made an unsuccessful attempt to break jail.. . . 
The ladies of the boatmen who worship at the Bethel presented their 
pastor, Rev. John Miles, with a rich bedquilt. 



Annals of Albany, 1849. 347 



P6. Mary Ann, wife of Alexander Thompson, died, aged 19 
Easterbrook, from Albany, attempted to shoot his wife, and after- 
wards himself, at the Howard-street Hotel, New York An attempt 

was made to fire the carpenter shop in Montgomery street, opposite the 

Bethel A woman, name not ascertained, was found dead near the 

Delaware turnpike : verdict of the jury, intemperance. 

7. The city gave the members of the Legislature a complimentary 

dinner at Congress Hall Samuel Gould, a colored fireman on board 

the lolas, was killed while repairing the waterwheel. 

8. The South Baptist Church, corner of Franklin &. Herkimer streets, 
formerly owned by the Trinity Church, was opened for divine service 

under the pastoral care of Rev. Mr. Wines The scholars under 

the care of Miss Brainard, at Bethel Jacob, the Jewish synagogue in 

Fulton street, held an exhibition George W. Stanton, president of 

the Exchange Bank, ditJ, aged 69. Rensselaer Van Schelluyne died, 
leaving an elder brother the last male descendant of an ancient and 
wealthy family. 

9. The public charity of the city treasury for coal, &c., delivered to 

the poor, was $3102'87 ; less by $1816'42 than last year Warren 

Low, at the machine shop of C. Van Benthuysen, was carried up to the 
ceiling by the belt, and much injured. 

10. Edward M. Teall died. Adelaide M., wife of Jason Collier, died. 
....... City election, resulting in the choice of the whig candidate for 

mayor, Friend Humphrey. 

12. John R. Black died, aged 78. Eleanor A., wife of Reuben Wil- 
son, died, aged 21 Several counterfeiters arrested by officer Co- 
well. Postmaster Wasson, and an agent of the General Post-office 
identified a young man in Waterford as the robber of the northern mail, 

who was committed to jail House No. 91 Hamilton street was 

robbed of some wearing apparel An alarm of fire, caused by a 

large conflagration at Troy Two horses before a brick wagon 

near the South Ferry backed off the dock, and were drowned : the driver 

nearly shared the same fate The committee of the Assembly, 

having in charge the case of Judge Harris with the Canal Bank, exo- 
nerated him of any blame. 

13. Rachel, widow of the late David P. Winne, died A spaa 

of horses, belonging to John McEvoy, were killed at Cherry Hill by the 
caving in of the bank which was being excavated. 

15. The carpenter shop of Nathaniel Merrill, in Eagle slreet, with 

the house adjoining, was burned down supposed by an incendiary 

Alfred Dorr died, aged 43 Mrs. Rachel Douw Van Schelluyne died. 

16. Law establishing a court of special sessions went into operation. 

17. The new Common Council met : the mayor was sworn in, and 

the appointments made nearly as last year Catherine, wife of* 

William Francis, found dead in her bed. 

18. Uriah St. John died, aged 21. Catherine, wife of James Riley, 
died, aged 34. Catherine Nichols died. 

19. Barent Haynn died, aged 68 A female infant, wrapped in 

warm flannels, was found at the door of one of the legal gentlemen, 
Capitol Park. 

20. S. S. Randall, formerly deputy state superintendent, of common 
schools, returned to the city from Virginia A meeting was held 



348 Annals of Albany, 1849. 

to organize the Albany and Schoharie Plank Road Company, Teunis 
Van Vechten in the chair Hannegan died. 

21. A semi-annual dividend of five per cent, declared on the capital 
stock of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank. 

22. Mrs. Irene Pierce died, aged 65. Charles H. Weller died 

An unsuccessful attempt was made by incendiaries to set fire to H. 
Knapp's store on Quay street. 

23. Mary Elizabeth, wife of M. J. Thomas, formerly of Albany, died 
at St. Augustine. 

24. The jewelry store of A. Given, Broadway, was robbed of about 

$1400 worth of watches The Court of Special Sessions was opened 

by the Recorder and Justice Cole A meeting was held by the la- 
dies of Dr. Wyckoff's church, in favor of Ihe Portuguese exiles 

Cornelius Cassidy died, aged 75. Amelia Ward died, aged 20. 

25. John Cassidy died, aged 43. 

27. John Martin died, aged 60 House No. 277 Lydius street 

was discovered to have been robbed in the absence of its occupants, of 
$15 in gold and silver, and several articles of plate. 

28. The water was let into the canal its entire length A rail- 
road car of a novel construction, from the coach factory of James Gould 
& Co., was placed on the Champlain and St. Lawrence railroad. 

30. Mary A., wife of Mark L. Linn, died Mayor Humphrey, 

in compliance with a request by telegraph from New York, caused the 
arrest of N. G. Klinch for swindling. 

MAY, 1849. 

2. Hugh D. Elliot, civil engineer, son of the late Robert Elliot of 
Albany, died, aged 28, at Junction, Virginia. 

3. Thirty prisoners, from the Clinton State Prison, passed through 

the city to Singsing The steamer Isaac Newton brought up over 

900 passengers, one of whom, a German boy, was born a few hours pre- 
vious to landing : the mother was able to assist in unlading the baggage. 

4. Steamer Oregon, Captain St. John, arrived at her wharf with 840 
passengers. 

7. Jane, wife of Geo. T. Clark, formerly of Albany, died in Michigan, 

aged 34 General Worth died at San Antonio de Bexar, of cholera. 

The first meeting of the merchants on change this season took 

place A forged check for $6300, purporting to be drawn by the 

cashier of the Bank of Troy on the Merchants' Bank in New York, was 
presented at the Bank of Albany by A. C. Comstock, who accompanied 
an officer to Troy, where the fnrger was discovered. 

9. A boy about seven years old, son of Michael Forrester, was burnt 

to death by his clothes taking fire Luther Wheeler died, aged 32. 

David Evans died, aged 42. William Whipple died, aged 40 Dr. 

Dill and Mr. Simpson, lately from Ireland, lectured in Dr. Sprague's 
church on the religious wants of Ireland. 

10. Mrs Catherine Angus died, aged 70. 

11. Samuel Pruyn was chosen chairman of the board of supervisors ; 
James M. Whelpley, clerk. 

12. Friends' Meeting-house, on Plain street, took fire, but was soon 

extinguished Store of Charles Pohlncan, 622 Bioadway, entered 

by burglars, and robbed of $200 worth of clothing. 



Annals of Albany, 1849. 349 

13. Benjamin Welch died, aged 76 Rev. Dr. Dewey, of the 

Unitarian Church, preached his farewell sermon to his people. 

14. Margaret, wife of Richard Cosgrove, died, aged 28. Abraham 
and Hiram Pangburn were found dead in a shanty on the island a little 

below the city : intemperate. John Osborn was appointed, by the 

Common Council, captain of the fire police. 

15. The Albany Daily Messenger, a penny print, by B. F. Romaine, 
editor, made its appearance The Express announced Lewis Be- 
nedict as the postmaster to succeed Mr. Wasson Alida Wynkoop, 

widow of Dr. Jonathan Eights, died, aged 77. John Mclntosh died, 
aged 39. 

16. Isaac P. Hand died, aged 46. \ The ground was broken for 

the site of the chapel of the Holy Innocents, corner of North Pearl and 
Colonie streets 

17. Elizabeth McClnskey died, aged 60. 

18. Francis, wife of Cornelius McDonald, died, aged 25 Thomas 

Murtough died News reached the city of the wreck of the steamer 

Empire, on her upward trip. 

19. Sarah, wife of Edward Kellogg and daughter'of S. Hastings, died. 
"William Marvin, brother of John and Alexander Marvin of this c