^NCUS J^AJ^ISf/
R^ev.WMasor\ Inglis M.A. FSA(Scot.)
f^/N/STER OFAuCHTERHOUSE
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
n,
f,
ANNALS
ANGUS PARISH.
BT
REV. W. MASON INGLIS, M.A., F.S.A. (Scot.),
MiNLSTER OF AxtcHTERHOFSE.
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I ■
PREFACE.
OME years ago (1881) the writer of the following
Notes upon an old Angus Parish delivered several
lectures upon the past history of the parish of Auchterhouse
— copious extracts from which appeared at the time in the
Dundee press. At the request of many of the parishioners
and others to whom they proved somewhat interesting, the
writer has consented to their publication in extenso. They
are the result of careful and laborious reading and research
into many quaint and interesting departments of historical
and ecclesiastical literature. To those of antiquarian tastes
they may probably possess more than a merely local
interest.
Auchterhouse, 1888.
531813
UCRART
ANNALS OF AN ANGUS PARISH.
tHE Parish of Aucliterhouse may have derived its name
from Achter, the high ground on which the church
stands ; or from Achadh Torr, the house' with the tower
in the field. According to modern authorities the name signifies
the kirk on the height. In old documents the name appears as
Auchtirhous, Ochtirhous, Ouchterhous, Owchtirous, Ochirhous,
Uchterhous, Uchtirhouse, TJchtirhous, Utherhous.
The parish lies in the south-west corner of Forfarshire, and is
bounded on the south by Liff ; west and south-west by Lundie
and Fowlis ; north-west by Xewtyle ; north and north-east by
Glamis ; east by Tealing ; south-east by Mains and Strath-
martine. The figure of the parish is a triangle, its base being
the Vale of the Dighty, while the Hill of Auchterhouse or
White Top of Sidlaw forms the apex.
The oldest family of historic interest associated with the
parish is that of Ramsay, well known in early Scottish history
as the Ramsays of Ochterhous, from a branch of which the
present family of Dalhousie is descended. The family was
unquestionably one of considerable antiquity and distinction,
for Boece states that when the supporters of Edgar Atheling
were outlawed by William the Conqueror, and sought a retreat
B
2 ANNALS OF AN
in Scotland, among tho. distinguished families who received
grants of land from Malcolm was that of Eamsay. Sir George
Mackenzie also designates it a very ancient and honourable
family, which from its antiquity possessed the privilege of
bearing the Eagle, then reckoned a mark of illustrious ancestry.
Simundus de Eamesie is witness to a charter in tho reign of
King iJavid I. (1140), and the name of "William de Ramesie
frequently appears in the charters of William the Lion. William
of Hwuchtyruus, who was also a Ramsay, held the position of
Sheriff of Angus in 1245. This important office of High
SherifiFof Angus was of an hereditary character, and was for a
lengthened period held by the proprietors of the lands of
Ochterhou?:.
In the year 1296, Edward I., King of England, bent upon the
subjugation of Scotland, advanced from England with thirty
thousand infantry and five thousand mounted men-at-arms, and
seized the important town and stronghold of Berwick. From
that town his advance through Scotland seems to have been one
continued triumphal march. Resistance to such a force was
impossible on the part of a people whose natural leaders the
nobility had with great cowardice submitted to the English
rule and dictation.
On his return to Berwick, on the 22nd August 1296, all the
great territorial potentates, barons, knights, and leading church-
men of Scotland presented themselves to take the oath of
allegiance. On this list of the Scottish nobility, which is still
preserved in the English archives, appears the name of Thomas
de Ramsay, Baron of the lands of Ochterhouse. The submission
of so many nobles and prelates appears to have been accomplished
quite as much by liberal bribes and grants of lands as by force of
arms. It must also be borne in mind that many of the Scottish
nobles Avere practically foreigners — Anglo-Normans and Anglo-
Saxons — whose only attachment to their adopted country
consisted in the fact that they were the owners of great tracts
of its soil. Whilst these nobles seem to have accepted the
ANGUS PARISH. "3
English domination with perfect equanimity, and in too many
cases with great satisfaction, it was differently viewed, however,
b}' the generality of the Scottish people. On their part, the
greatest possible resentment was exhibited towards the brutality
of the English usurpers and oppressors, and it soon became
impossible for them longer to tolerate such abject national
humiliation and degradation. Outbreaks against Southern
violence and tyranny became frequent amongst the hardy,
stalwart peasantry, in whom the spirit of pure patriotism still
remained unsubdued. Nothing, however, of any significance
was achieved by them in asserting their rights and regaining
their liberties, owing to the lack of leaders, until Wallace became
the head of the national movement. Then the Scots showed
that under competent leadership they were a fierce and high-
spirited people. Putting himself at the head of a meagre but
resolute band of patriots, AVallace was not long in proving to
the Southrons that Scotland was not to be so easily subjugated
and reduced to a position of utter servility under England.
Possessing great physical strength and courage of the highest
order, animated by the purest and most disinterested motives,
ever ready personally to brave every hardship and sacrifice all
that he held most dear for liberty, his valour, enthusiasm,
youthful ardour, and pure patriotism, had a marvellous effect
upon all true Scots who came in contact wuth him.
When we consider the might of England, her wealth, her vast
resources, the splendid character of her chivalry, the thorough-
ness with which the Plantagenets achieved the objects of their
ambition, it seemed folly to embark in such an enterprise, and
simply an idle dream to entertain thoughts of national indepen-
dence. But it was no phantasy of over-confideAt youth, it was
no mad freak destined to vanish away and terminate in disaster ;
it was the beginning of a protracted struggle, which culminated
in the complete triumph, by force of arms, of Scottish manhood,
and the future undeniable recognition of the national title and
claim for independence.
4 ANNALS OF AN
The successes of Wallace and Douglas aroused the energies of
others, and summoned a few members of the old nobility to
share in the national struggle. Conspicuous among them was
Sir John Ramsay of Ochterhous. The bold exploits of the
great patriot throughout the West of Scotland appear to have
kindled his patriotism, and led him fearlessly into the noble,
yet perilous, enterprise of aiding in the liberation of his native
land. Sir John Ramsay first took up arms against the English
in the district of Strathearn, where with a small but resolute
body of men he continued persistently to harass and attack the
enemy. His accession to the side of Wallace brought about
the immediate confiscation of his estates, and reduced him
to great privation. Ramsay appears to have joined Wallace
when he had withdrawn his forces, after many stirring adven-
tures amid the Western wilds, to Ardchattan on the banks of
Loch Etive. The incident is thus recorded by Henry the
Minstrel : —
" Mony trew Scot to Wallace couth persew ;
At Archatan fra feill strenthis thai drew.
A gud knycht come, and with him men sext^ ;
He had beyn oft in mony Strang jepeit^
With Inglissmen, and sonyeid nocht adeill.
Ay fra thar faith he fendyt him full weUl ;
Kepyt him fre, thocht king Eduuard had suome ;
Schir Jhon Eamsaj', that rychtwyss ayr was borne
Off Ouchterhous, and othir landis was lord,
And schirreff als, as my buk will record ;
Off nobill bind, and alss haill ancestr^ ; '
Contenyt weill with worthi chewalre.
In till Straithem that lang tyme he had beyne,
At gret debait agaynys his enemj-ss keyne ;
Rycht wichtly wan his lewing in to wer ;
Till him and his Sotheroun did mekill der ;
Weill eschewit, and sufferyt gret distress.
Wallace off him rycht full gud comford hais :
For Weill he coud do gret harmyng till his fais.
In wer he was rycht mekill for to prys ;
Besy and trew, baith sobyr, wicht and wys. "
ANGUS PARISH. 6
After a short stay in the Western Highlands, fresh military
movements were decided upon by the Scottish leaders. With
characteristic boldness they once more took the field, and
directed their energies mainly against the English garrisons,
which occupied all the formidable castles and strongholds
throughout the country. As they advanced fresh reinforce-
ments joined them. While at Dunkeld it was arranged that St
Johnston, or Perth, should be attacked. From his intimate
knowledge of the locality, Ramsay was consulted by Wallace as
to their chances of success in this direction. Ramsay informed
him that the walls of the city were low, but the ditch was
deep. The latter, however, could be easily filled up, so as to
enable a force of a thousand men to be poured into the city at
once. At Dunkeld they accordingly remained four days,
actively preparing for the coming siege.
By Ramsay's instructions, powerful battering rams were
constructed of wood, felled in the forests of Dunkeld, which
were to be floated down the river at the appointed time. When
all their arrangements were completed they set out for Perth —
Ramsay acting as guide. Wlien the Scots had surrounded the
city, they proceeded to fill up a portion of the great ditch with
earth and stones. After laying over this temporary passage
planks of timber on long supporting beams, they succeeded in
reaching the walls against which they were enabled to bring
their battering rams into play with great eflfect. Ramsay and
Graham stoutly assailed the turret-bridge, while Wallace and
his men attacked the mid-side of the city. The Scots were
received with great volleys of huge stones and other missiles by
the defenders. Notwithstanding the vigorous defence, the
Scots swarmed over the walls into the city, and after a severe
hand-to-hand conflict the Englishmen were completely defeated.
Two thousand of the enemy lay dead in the streets. Sir John
Siward, the Governor, fled by river in a light barge with sixty
of his chief officers, and sought refuge in the Castle of Dundee.
After remaining in Perth for three days engaged in despoil-
6 ANNALS OF AX
ing the city of its riches and military stores, besides making
arrangements for its future defence, Wallace withdrew Avith
the bulk of his forces to carry war throughout the Northern
Counties. Marching to Aberdeen, he issued a proclamation
summoning the men of that district to join his standard.
From this town the Scots, now 4000 strong, proceeded
in battle array and with their banners proudly displayed
through the Mearns to storm Dunnuttar, a stronghold of
considerable importance garrisoned by the English. The
defenders were at once called upon to surrender the fortress,
and informed that their lives would be spared. The terms of
surrender were refused, whereupon the Scots, adopting the
barbarous methods of warfare initiated by the English at the
Barns of Ayr, ruthlessly set fire to the Castle, and a scene of
great panic ensued. The defenders had to flee for their lives.
Many perished in the flames, others who escaped from the
burning castle in despair clung to the rocks, but only to be cut
down or thrown headlong into the sea by the infuriated Scots.
IJot an English soldier siirvived the flames and the fierce
onslaught of the assailants. After returning to Aberdeen, where
they pillaged and burned the English ships, the Scots proceeded
to drive out every detachment of the enemy which they dis-
covered throughout the iJ^orth. The war was thus being
prosecuted with marked success. The men of Angus and the
Mearns took up arms in great numbers, and Avere enthusiastic
in their support of the national movement. The Castle of
Dundee was besieged in the summer of 1297. While encamped
on Clatto Moor oatmeal was supplied to the Scottish army from
the Mill of Fallaws, at that time within this parish. The spot
where this old mill stood is still known by tradition as Wallace's
" maut barn."
While engaged in the siege of Dundee, intelligence reached
the Scottish leaders that a powerful English army, under the
Earl of Surre}^ was on the march to Stirling. Wallace, leaving
a detachment of two thousand of the men of Angus to continue
ANGUS PARISH. 7
the siege, pushed forward the rest of his troops to guard the
passage of the Forth. To cope with a force so vastly superior
in numhers demanded skilful strategy. Accordingly Wallace,
Graham, and Kamsay devised a plan of hattle with the greatest
care and ability. It was decided that the Bridge of Stirling —
then a rude wooden structure — spanning the Forth, should be
defended at all hazards. Obtaining the services of a country
carpenter they ordered him to weaken with his saw the main
trestles of the bridge, so that at a given signal the whole structure
might easily collapse should any special strain be applied to it.
The stratagem was thus carefully and cunningly carried out,
and the destruction of the bridge rendered dependent upon the
withdrawal of a few wooden bolts. On the day of battle, the
English forces were drawn up — 50,000 strong — tlie vanguard
led by Cressingham ; while the other division Avas under the
command of Warrenne. When Cressingham had led his troops
over the bridge in safety and was ready to make the attack, the
warning-horn sounded from the Scottish lines, the feeble supports
of the bridge in a moment were removed, and with a crash the
whole structure was precipitated with its burden of soldiers into
the waters of the Forth. The Scots, 10,000 strong, seeing their
opportunity, with pike, spear, and sword rushed furiously upon
Cressingham's division, and a desperate conflict followed, in
which the Scots, under the personal leadership of their Generals,
performed prodigies of valour. Cressingham was slain, and
his division totally routed. The rest of the enemy fled in con-
sternation from the battlefield, hotly pursued by a detachment
of mounted Scots under Ramsay and Boyd, and the retreat was
not ended until Warrenne found himself with a fragment of his
fugitive forces within the walls of the Castle of Dunbar,
The memorable Battle of Stirling was soon followed by the
proclamation of Wallace as Warden of Scotland, and the
almost complete evacuation of the country by the invaders.
For five months there was a cessation of war throughout
Scotland. A Convention of the Estates was summoned to
8 ANNALS OF AN
meet at Perth for the consideratiou of the affairs of the country.
This Parliament was attended by most of the chiefs, with the
important exception of Cospatrick or Earl Patrick, who, from
motives of jealousy, refused to recognise and swear fidelity to
the Government established by the national party. Supported
by Eamsay, Graham, Boyd, and Lundie, Wallace collected his
forces and led them against those who had taken up arms
under Earl Patrick, whom they viewed practically as English
mercenaries. Several well-contested engagements followed
between the rival forces, in all of which Ramsay bore a
copspicuous part. This outbreak against the authority of
"Wallace terminated in the expulsion of Earl Patrick and his
supporters from Scotland, and the consolidation of the patriotic
party. The triumph of the Scottish leader was not yet,
however, complete, nor was peace destined long to be main-
tained. The Scottish nobles who had surrendered to King
Edward urgently persuaded him to take immediate action in
order to re-assert his ascendancy over Scotland. Such counsels
inspired a new English invasion. Intelligence of this move-
ment having reached Wallace, he prepared to check it by
assembliug a great army on Roslin Muir. Selecting 20,000
of his best soldiers, he informed them of the intended invasion,
and called upon them to aid him Avith heart and hand in
anticipating the project of the enemy by following him across
the border. His chiefs and soldiers enthusiastically responded
to his call to do or die.
" The gud Ramsay furth to that jomay went ;
Schir Jhone the Grayine, forthwart in his entent ;
\A'allace cusyng, Adam, full worthi was,
And Robert Bold ; full blytlily furth thai pass.
Baith Awchynlek, and Richard off Lundy,
Lawder and Hay, and Cetoun full worthy. "
Marching to the South, the Scottish army drew up near
Roxburgh Castle, then occupied by the English under Sir
Ralph Gray. As there was no time for delay, the Governor was
ANGUS PARISH. 9
ordered at once to surrender, or run the risk of being hanged
over the walls of the fortress. A similar command was
despatched with Sir John Ramsay to Berwick. Having crossed
the borders, the Scots seized every ojjportunity of retaliating
upon the English for innumerable wrongs.
As they marched through Xorthumberland desolation followed
in their track. The only buildings they spared were churches
and abbeys, and of their enemies only women and children.
Revenge for former English cruelties and similar atrocities,
besides a deeply-rooted spirit of hatred of the Southron, fired
every breast. The victorious army, flushed with victory,
hurried forward until it reached the massive walls of the city
of York. Arranging his army in four divisions, Wallace
proceeded to invest the city. The southern side was invested
by "Wallace, the northern by Ramsay ; Sir John the Grahame
commanded the eastern gate, while Earl Malcolm and Boyd
held the western. The siege was conducted and maintained
with great vigour. The Scottish ijifantry, supported by the
archers, strained every nerve to get within the walls ; but the
defenders manned the ramparts in great numbers and offered
a most strenuous resistance. Repeatedly the garrison sallied
forth to repel the besiegers, but were repulsed with great
slaughter. The Scots refused to be beaten off. With char-
acteristic tenacity they struggled for victory.
After a bloody and prolonged struggle a truce was at length
concluded, by which the English agreed, without an absolute
surrender, to permit the Scottish banner to wave over their
walls ; to pay down in specie 5000 pounds of English gold ; and
to furnish what supplies were necessary for the maintenance of
the Scottish army. These terms seemed to be quite acceptable
to the Scots, as the place was one of great strength, while they
were beginning to experience a scarcity of victuals. After
remaining at York for twenty days the Scots took their home-
ward journey, plundering and destroying by fire everything of
value that lay in their line of march. Shortly after this
10 ANNALS OF AN
encounter a peace was concluded, which was welcome news
to a sorely-stricken country. King Edward delivered up the
fortresses of York and Berwick to the Scottish army. Ramsay,
in return for his distinguished services on the field, was made
Governor of Berwick, and Seaton Governor of Roxburgh Castle.
On the return of the Scottish army from England the Castle
of Dundee Avas stormed and destroyed, while its Governor,
Morton, was hanged.
AVhen war again broke out we find Sir John Ramsay
fighting in the Battle of Falkirk (1298), which terminated so
disastrously for the Scots. He is mentioned as one of the
commanders selected by "Wallace to search the battlefield, after
the victorious forces withdrew, for the body of the valiant Sir
John do Graham. After this reverse Wallace resigned the
Guardianship of Scotland.
Throughout the next five years Scotland was very nearly
re-conquered by successive invasions. Most of the chiefs had
fled, and their forces dispersed. Ramsay and Ruthven alone
held out Avithin a fortress at Stockford, in Ross-shire. During
the absence of Wallace in France, whither he had gone
to enlist French sympathy for Scotland, the alarming in-
telligence reached him of the English invasion. Accordingly,
he set sail for Scotland, and, to the joy of his former chiefs,,
landed, in the year 1303, at the port of Montrose, with a body
of French auxiliaries which he had raised in Flanders. Here
he was met by Sir John Ramsay, and other chiefs.
" In Munross hawyn thai brocht hym to the land ;
Till trew Scottis it was a blithe tithaiicl ;
Schyr John Ramsay, that worthi was and wycht,
Fra Ochtyrhouss the way he chesyt rycht,
To meite Wallace with men off armes Strang,
Off his duellyng thai had thocht wondyr lang.
The trew Euwan come als with outyn baid,
In Barnan wod he had his lugyng maid.
Barklay be that to Wallace semblyt fast ;
With thre hundreth to Ochtyrhouss he past."
ANGUS PARISH. 11
Escorted by Ramsay and liis men, "Wallace was conducted to
Auchterliouse Castle. This interesting episode is also thus
recorded : —
" Fair wind and weather, nothing worse they fand,
Then at Montrose they safely all do land ;
Good Sir John Ramsay and the Ruthven true,
Barclay and Bisset, with men not a few,
Do Wallace meet, all canty, keen, and crouse,
And with three hundred march to Ochterhouse. "
It is recorded that the Castle of Auchterhouse was occupied
on the night of the 20th July 1303 by King Edward during the
course of his successful invasion. The English Sovereign, with
a great army, had entered Scotland by the western marches.
Advancing to Edinburgh, he continued in triumph to Perth,
thence to Dundee. From this town he proceeded to Brechin
and Aberdeen, and penetrated as far as Morayshire. Having
swept the country practically unopposed, and reduced it amid
all the horrors of war, besides exacting homage from the
northern chiefs, he returned on the 20th of October 1303 to
Dundee. It was while on the march to the north that he
bestowed his attention upon the Castle of Auchterhouse. From
events that subsequently occurred, the bulk of the English
forces must have been withdrawn from Dundee by vessels to
England.
Shortly after this a considerable body of troops assembled at
Birnam Wood under Wallace and Ramsay, which was soon
strengthened by detachments of hardy Angus men. With
this force the chiefs resolved to attempt the re-capture of Perth,
which, like most of the other walled towns of the country, had
fallen once more into the enemy's hands. They accordingly
marched to Kinnoul, where they halted. It chanced while they
lay there that six servants employed by the English garrison
had gone from the city to bring home a supply of hay on carts
from that locality. While the sei-vants were thus employed
the Scots fell upon them, and put them to the sword. The
12 ANNALS OF AN
bodies were immediately stripped, and the peasants' dresses
assumed by Wallace, Euthven, Guthrie, Bisset, and other two
soldiers. Five soldieis were then placed in each cart, and care-
fully concealed with hay. Disguised as countrymen, Wallace
and the others proceeded to the city. While this bold stratagem
was being carried out, Eamsay with his men Avas lying in
ambush awaiting the signal for the onslaught. The carters
having crossed the drawbridges without suspicion, at once threw
■off their disguise, the others sprang from their carts — all seized
their swords, and then with a few strokes the guards were cut
down. Thereupon Ramsay and the other Scots rushed in, the
garrison was surprised — a severe melee ensured, and few of the
English escaped with their lives. After the city was thus
captured
" Schyr Jhon Eamsay gi-et captane drcland he,
Ruwan Schirreff at ane accord for to be."
Leaving Eamsay and Euthven in possession of Perth,
Wallace, with a small body of troops, set out with his wonted
■energy to reconnoitre the surrounding country and ascertain the
strength of the enemy in Fife. Previous to his departure,
however, he left instructions that those officers should join him
in the event of any surprise. When this detachment of Scots
was on the march, its movements had been v/atched by Sir John
Stewart. Confident of success, Stewart put himself at the head
of 1,500 men to cut off this small force. Perceiving the danger
and taken by surprise, Wallace withdrew his forces into Black
Eamside Forest, where he resolved to hold out till reinforce-
ments came from Perth. Stewart pressed the Scots with great
vigour, and was especially eager to effect the capture of
Wallace. Fortunately, however, reinforcements from Perth
arrived under Eamsay and Euthven, and soon fortune once
more favoured the Scots. Sir John Stewart, who had fought
with great bravery, and killed Bisset, a well-known Scottish
■officer, in a hand-to-hand encounter, was slain by Wallace,
ANGUS PARISH. 13
and his forces routed. Subsequently, Ramsay also re-captured,
the Castle of Cupar, and tock part in other engagements.
Notwithstanding the defections and jealousies of many of
the nobles, he remained loyal to Wallace until the latter was
basely betrayed, and afterwards executed on the 23rd August
1305. After the death of Wallace history is silent regarding the
latter deeds of Sir John Ramsay. His name does not appear
amongst those who suffered death at the time of Wallace's capture,
nor is it mentioned among the slain in subsequent conflicts.
Whether he died sword in hand in the future wars, or within his
own castle, is unknown. From the fact that the aisle within the
church was long known as the Ramsay aisle, it is not unlikely
that he died at Auchterhouse Castle, and was buried within the
old church. Unquestionably, Sir John was an able and valiant
knight, and a man who served his country most faithfully in
times of great national danger and perplexity. He was ever
the foe of the English oppressors, the true friend of freedom's
cause, and his fame as a Scottish chief ought only to be forgotten
when the memory of the great struggle for national independence
is itself obliterated.
The fragmentary ruins of the old castle of Auchterhouse,
the stronghold of the Ramsay family, may still be seen, thickly
overgrown with ivy, standing on a rock beside a stream.
The ruins are well known as the Wallace Tower, in honour
ol the great patriot's visit. From the present aspect of the
ruins, the walls of which are about 12 feet in thickness, the
original building, which covered a considerable extent of ground,
must have been of great strength. The roof of the ground floor
had been strongly arched, and in one side there is an arched
door, about 5 feet high and 4 feet wide. There is also a very
good example of a window or light-hole after the Sco to-
Norman style of architecture. The castle appears to have been
constructed after the massive style of architecture adopted by
the Scoto-Norman Barons. When we look upon this grey relic
of former feudal times, and recall its noble occupant, and the
14 ANNALS OF AN
name of his still more illustrious compatriot, we are reminded of
■^ these lines —
" In many a Castle, town, and plain,
Mountain and forest still remain ;
Fondly cherished spots which claim
The proiid distinction of his honoured name.
Swells the huge ruin's massy heap.
In castled court, 'tis Wallace's keep."
About the year 1300, Sir William de Ruthven, another of
the Scottish chiefs, was married to ^larjory, daughter of Sir
John Ramsay. In 1309, King Robert Bruce granted a charter
to Sir William Ramsay of 416 acres of the land of Ingilstone.
He fought at Bannockburn, and was one of the Scottish Barons
Avho attended the Parliament convened by the King at Arbroath
in 1320, to frame an answer to the threatened excommunication
by the Pope. His signature is attached to the famous historical
•document which asserted the national independence, and
declared that " so long as there shall but one hundred of us
remain alive, Ave will never submit oui'selves to the dominion
-of England. For it is not glory, they also declared : it is not
riches, neither is it honour ; but it is liberty alone that we fight
-and contend for, which no honest man will lose but with his
life."
Sir John Ramsay left a son, named Alexander, who was
recognised as the " flower of courtliness." He occupied a dis-
tinguished position as a soldier in the time of the Bruce. In
war he was reckoned one of the bravest of men, and in times
of peace was accounted one of the most courteous men of
his day. Bannockburn having been fought and won, and
Scotland free, the exultant Scottish soldiers, under the com-
mand of the chivalrous and impetuous EdAvard Bruce,
threw themselves into the struggle of liberating Ireland
also from the yoke of the English invader. Among the
knights who won for themselves high renown in the achieve-
ANGUS PARISH. 15
ments of that eventful and romantic war was Sir Alexander
Eamsay of Ocliterhous.
" He [Edward Bruce] had thar in liys cumpany
The Erie Tliomas that wes worthy ;
And gild Schyr Philip the Mowbray,
That sekyr wes in hard affay :
Schyr Jhone the Soullis ane gud Kuycht ; *
And Schyr Jlione Stewart that wes wycht.
The Ramsay als off Ouchtrehouss,
That wes wycht and cheivalrouss ;
And Schyr Fergus oflF Adrossane :
And othyr Knychts mony ane."
Sir Alexander commanded a division at the Eattle of Carrick-
fergus in 1315, when the enemy Avas repulsed with great
slaughter. He was also present at the storming and sacking of
Dundalk, and served until the termination of the Avar. After
the death of the great Bruce, the name of Sir Alexander Eamsay
is frequently mentioned in connection with the fierce struggles
■\yhich ensued Avith the English throughout the Regency. In
1335, while associated in command with the Earl of Moray, he
■surprised and defeated, on the Borough Muir, near Edinburgh, a
body of French troops which had come to the assistance of
the English. The Castle of Edinburgh thereafter capitulated,
notwithstanding the resolute bravery of the defenders, who had
piled up the carcases of their horses and employed them as
ramparts.
In 1337-8 the Castle of Dunbar, then one of the strongest in
the country, Avas closely besieged by sea and land by the English
forces, under the Earl of Salisbury. Its defence Avas conducted
with great ability, courage, and perseverance, in the absence df
the Earl of March, by his high-spirited Countess, better knoA^m
in history as "Black Agnes." For five months this plucky and
eccentric heroine resisted all the efforts of the besiegers so
determinedly that at length the English resolved to starve the
garrison into surrender. This, however, Avas frustrated by the
16 ANNALS OF AN
timeous arrival of Ramsay, who, with a body of resolute Scots,
broke through the enemy's lines during the darkness of the
night, and reached tlie Castle with a welcome supply of pro-
visions for its defenders, who, from the persistency and complete-
ness of the siege, had suffered great privations. Ramsay and
his troops afterwards attacked the advanced guards of the
enemj', and drove them back. The English were at length
compelled to abandon the siege and withdraw their forces, deeply
chagrined at the unsuccessful issue of the blockade.
After the English leader's departure for the South, the war
was prosecuted with great success by the Scottish leaders,
Douglas and Ramsay, While the Douglas — the fiery Knight of
Liddesdale — was driving the English before him in Teviotdale,
Ramsay had taken up a strong position among the crags and
caves of Hawthornden, on the banks of the Esk, at the head of
a strong body of patriotic Scots drawn from all ranks of society.
Under Ramsay, high and low, rich and poor, fought shoulder to
shoulder in defence of the Fatherland against the English.
From their rocky fastnesses they sallied forth on many occasions,
routed the enemy, and compelled them, through dread of this
guerilla mode of warfare, to maintain themselves within their
castles. Encouraged by his numerous successes, Ramsay at
length carried the war over the border, and laid waste the
English territory with fire and sword. Fordun says " that to be
of Alexander Ramsay's band was considered a branch of military
education requisite for all young gentlemen who meant to excel
in arms." On one occasion while returning heavily laden with
booty from Northumberland, the Scots were encountered by a
strong body of English. Feigning flight, Ramsay succeeded in
decoying the English into an ambuscade, where they were attacked
and routed, while their commander, Lord Manners, was taken
prisoner. Encounters of this character were, according to the
custom of the time, frequently varied by personal combats in
presence of the rival forces. A challenge was on one occasion
issued to the renoAvned Knight of Liddesdale by the English
ANGUS PARISH. 17
Commander, Henry of Lancaster, and at once accepted by
Mm. In the combat the Douglas was so severely wounded
that lie was compelled to desist. Another challenge was after-
wards sent to Sir Alexander Ramsay by Henry to meet him
at a tilting match at Berwick, the conditions being twenty
knights a-side. They accordingly met, and a stubborn and
sanguinary conflict ensued between the chosen representatives
of northern and southern chivalry. Two of the English
knights were slain, and a Scottish Baron — Sir John de Hay —
was also killed. Sir "William Ramsay, a relative of Sir
Alexander, was so severely run through the helmet with a spear
that the helmet was completely rivetted to his head by the
spear point. Sir Alexander requested him to lie down, and
placing his foot on the helmet he drew out the broken spear.
Such wete the days of chivalry, and such were the thrilling
personal encounters in which the barons bold delighted.
Through the military prowess of Douglas and Ramsay, the
English armies were soon completely driven from the open
country, and compelled to confine themselves to their fortresses.
On the 30th March 1342 Sir Alexander gallantly captured
the Castle of Roxburgh by a daring midnight escalade, and as a
reward for his distinguished military services King David 11.
created him Governor of Roxburgh Castle, and assigned to him
the rich lands of Teviotdale. This appointment, however, proved
to be an impolitic one, because it roused the fury and jealousy of
the Douglas, who considered that the lands assigned by the King
to Ramsay were under his special jurisdiction. Henceforth he
became the implacable enemy of Ramsay, and eagerly sought
revenge. In the discharge of his duties as High Sheriff, Sir Alex-
ander had occasion to summon the CroAvn vassals to a meeting in
the Church of Hawick. To this meeting Douglas, with a strong
body of armed retainers went, and was courteously received by
Ramsay. While the business was being conducted, Ramsay,
however, was surprised, treacherously attacked and wounded by
Douglas, while at the same time three of his men were cut
c
18 ANNALS OF AN
down. Thrown bleeding across his horse, he was escorted over
a wild and dreary district to Hermitage Castle, one of the
strongholds of Douglas, lying amid the morasses of Liddesdale,
and there thrown into a dungeon and left to starve to death.
Here he supported existence for seventeen days hy means of
particles of corn which fell through the crevices of a granary
floor above his prison ; but at length he succumbed to starvation.
This was an atrocious crime, and a terrible death for one who
was recognised as one of the ablest soldiers in the early Scottish
wars. Four hundred and fifty years afterwards, a mason, in
excavating round the front of Hermitage Castle, laid open a
stone vault, about eight feet square, in which, amid a heap of
chaff and dust, lay several human bones, along with a large and
powerful bridle-bit and an ancient sword. These were under-
stood to have been the mournful relics of this barbarous incident
of a so-called chivalrous age. Thus perished in 1 342 a knight
whom the historian of the times designates " one of the bravest,
and worthiest, and most foitunate leaders of the Scottish nation,
to the everlasting infamy of him who perpetrated the murder."
He had done a great deal, says Fordun, for the King and for
the country's freedom ; he had felled the foe everywhere around,
greatly checked their attacks, Avon many a victory, done much
good, and, so far as man can judge, would have done more had
he lived longer. In brave deeds of arms and in bodily strength,
he surpassed all others of his day.
Wynton passes the following eulogium upon him : —
" He was the greatest meiiyd man
That any could have thought on than ;
Of his state or of more by far,
All menyt (lamented) him, baith better and waur,
The rich and puir him menyde baith.
For of his dede (death) was meikle skaith."
It is a melancholy reflection, says Tytler, that a fate so horrid
befel one of the bravest and most popular leaders of the Scottish
nation, and that the deed did not only pass unrevenged, but that
ANGUS PARISH. 19
the perpetrator received a speedy pardon, and was rewarded to the
very office which led to the murder. According to the custom
of the age of chivalry, all those who followed the banner of a
great baron who fell by treachery were bound to seek satisfac-
tion with the sword from all in any way associated with the
deed. The terrible fate of Ramsay, accordingly, led to innumer-
able feuds, dissensions, and sanguinary struggles among the
great families of Scotland. In revenge for this base treachery
and foul murder, the Knight of Liddesdale was subsequently
Avaylaid and assassinated by his cousin and god-son William,
afterwards Earl of Douglas, while hunting in the forest of
Ettrick in 1353, "With all his faults, Fordun says he was a
hardy soldier, and one who had endured much in the defence of
the liberty of the kingdom — skilled in war, faithful to his
promise, the scourge of the English, and a wall of defence to
Scotland. The memory of Sir Alexander Ramsay is thus em-
balmed by Henry —
" His sone [Sir John's] was cald the flour of courtlyness,
As witness weill in to the schort tretty
Eftir the Bruce, quha reclis in that story.
He rewlit weill bathe in to wer and pes :
Alexander Ramsay, to nayme he hecht, but les.
Quhen it wes wer, till armes he him kest ;
Wndir the croun he M'as ane off the best ;
In time of pees till courtlyness he zeid :
Bot to gentrice he tuk nayne othir heid.
Quhat gentill man had nocht with Ramsay bej'ne ;
Off courtlynes thai cownt him nocht a preyne.
Fiedome and treuth he had as men would ass ;
Sen he begane na bettyr squier was.
Roxburgh hauld he wan full manfully ;
Syne held it lang, quhill tratouris tresonably
Causit his dede, I can nocht tell you how,
Off sic thiugis I will ga by as now."
This lamented hero and patriot left a son well-known as Sir
"William Ramsay. From what is recorded of him he seems to
20 ANNALS OF AN
have inherited much of his father's military capacity and passioTi
for arms. His name was a familiar one among the knights of
the reign of King David IF. On one occasion he was despatched
by the Earl of March on an armed expedition into England^
and over-ran Jforthumberland. He destroyed Norham, and
when in the act of parading his spoils before the eyes of the
defenders of Norham Castle, he was perceived by Sir Thomas
Gray of Chillingham, Governor of Norham, who sallied out
from the Castle to terminate the depredations of the Scots.
Retiring, hotly jiursued across the Tweed by the English horse-
men, Eamsay skilfully succeeded in drawing the pursuers into
a carefully-prepared ambuscade held by the Earl of March. The
English, finding themselves entrapped and surrounded, fought
with great valour, but were finally beaten. The Governor was
taken prisoner, and his force annihilated. As a bold and.
successful raider, Sir "William ranked high among the hardy
soldiers of his time. A descendant, Sir Alexander Ramsay, was
killed at the battle of Homildon in 1402. His son, also named
Sir Alexander, was one of the distinguished Scottish barons
commissioned to proceed to England in 1423 to form an escort
to James I. on his return to Scotland after his long captivity
in England. In return for his services to his sovereign he
was knighted at his coronation on the following year. For
many years the representatives of this old and distinguished
Scottish family continued to hold the Sheriffships of Angus,
and to maintain their reputation for chivalry and pure and dis-
interested patriotism. Robert Ramsay of Auchterhouse was
Sheriff of Angus, 9th April 1359. John was collector of one
of the quarters of Angus in 1359. King David II. granted a
charter to INIalcolm Ramsay of the lands of Mains. Subse-
quently the Sheriffships of Angus was held by Sir "Walter
Ogilvie of Powrie, who had married in 1380 Isabella, the only
child of Sir Malcolm Ramsay, and thus became proprietor of the
lands of Auchterhouse. Like many of the chiefs of his time,
Sir "Walter fell in battle. Duncan Stewart, better known as
ANGUS PARISH. 21
the "Wolf of Badenoch," natural son of Alexander, Earl of
Buchan, having entered the shire of Angus at the head of a
lawless band of robbers, with the intention of pillaging the
country, the High Sheriff, accompanied by his natural brother,
Walter Leighton, overtook them at a place called Gleucune or
Glenbeith, near Blairgowrie, and after a sharp skirmish, Sir
Walter Ogilvie, Leighton, and about sixty of their followers
were slain. Sir Walter is often designated
" Sir Walter Ogilvy, that brave knicht,
Stout and manful, bauld and wicht."
From him were descended the families of Auchterhouse, Lin-
trathen, and Inverquharity. His son. Sir Walter, was also
slain at the battle of Harlaw on the 24th July 1411. This
battle was fought during the regency of the Duke of Albany
between Donald, Lord of the Isles, and the Earl of Mar. At
the head of an army of ten thousand Celtic warriors, Donald
"had carried war throughout the northern Highlands, and was
preparing also to pillage and lay waste the district south of
the Grampians. At Harlaw, near Aberdeen, ho was encountered
by a force under the Earl of Mar, which comprised the elite of
the Angus barons and knights, with a strong muster of their
retainers. It appears to have been an obstinate and bloody
contest, from the description given of it in the old ballad of
the "Battle of HarlaAv" (traditionary version) : —
" On Munonday at morning
The battle it began,
On Saturday at gloamin'
Ye'd scarce tell wlia had wan.
And sic a weary burying
The like ye never saw,
As there was the Sunday after that
On the Muirs down by Harlaw.
And if Hielan' lasses speer at ye
For them that gaed awa,
Ye may tell them plain and plain enough
They're sleeping at Harlaw. "
22 ANNALS OF AN
The battle terminated in the defeat of the Highlanders of the
north-west, and secured the undoubted " supremacy of the
Lowlanders. Victory was dearly purchased, however, as many
of the principal barons of Angus fell.
" Of the best among them was
The gracious giule Lord Ogilvy,
The Sheriff- Principal of Angus,
Renowned for truth and equitie,
For faith and magnauimitie ;
He had few fallows in the field,
Yet fell by fatal destiny,
For he naeways wou'd grant to yield."
Amongst those who were knighted by King James I. on the
day of his coronation at Perth was Patrick Ogilvie of Auchter-
house, brother of the late Sir "Walter. The oath taken on such
great occasions has been preserved, and is of much historical
interest : —
1. I shall fortify and defend the Christian religion to the uttermost
of my power.
2. I shall be loyal and true to my Sovereign Lord the King ; to all
Orders of chivalry, and to the noble office of arnns.
3. I shall fortify and defend justice at my power, and that without
favour or enmity.
4. I shall never flee from my Sovereign Lord the King, nor from his
lieutenants, in time of affray or battle.
5. I shall defend my native realm from all aliens and strangers.
6. I shall defend the just action and quarrel of all ladies of honour,
of all true and friendless widows, of orphans, and of maidens of good
fame.
7. I shall do diligence wheresoever I hear that there are any
murderers, traitors, or masterful robbers, who oppress the King's lieges
or poor people, to bring them to the law at my power.
8. I shall maintain and uphold the noble state of chivalry with horse,
armour, and other knightly habiliments, and shall help and succour
those of the same order at my power if they have need.
9. I shall enquire and seek to have the knowledge and understanding
of all the art and points contained in the books of chivalry.
All these promises to observe, keep, and fulfil I oblige me, so
help me God, by my own hand, and by Cod himself.
ANGUS PARISH. 23
These were days of constant warfare. Every man was a
soldier, and bound to folloAV the banner of his lord. Every
other occupation but that of arms was despised. Awe and
obedience to the Sovereign and barons were exacted at the point
of the sword. In the early Scottish wars the favourite weapon
was the pike. The chiefs wore plate armour, and carried the
two-handed sword, battleaxe, and mace. King James I., with
the view of encouraging dexterity in the use of the bow and
arrow, ordered shooting butts to be erected near the Parish
Churches, where competitions might be regularly engaged in.
He was most anxious to introduce this weapon among the
Lowland Scots, as the prowess of the English archers had been
established on many battlefields. The Scots, however, preferred
to adhere to the favourite national Aveapon, the pike. To
promote the practice in archery, the King further prohibited the
games of golf and football. By the Parliament of 1458 (King
James II,), it is decreed and ordained that the displays of
weapons be held by the lords and barons, spiritual and
temporal, four times in the year ; that the football and golf
be utterly cried down and not be used ; that the bow-marks
be made, a pair of butts at every Parish Church, and shooting
be practised ; that every man shoot six shots at the least, and
that twopence be levied upon the absent for drink to the
shooters. If the parish be large, there shall be three, four, or
five bow-marks in the most convenient places, and that all men
exceeding twelve and under fifty years of age practice archery.
The old archery ground of this parish, still well-known by
the name of the " Bow Butts," may still bo seen on the lands of
Templeton. Such sports developed the warlike spirit of a
restless people, whose chief enjoyment in life seemed centred in
arms. We can easily understand how the annals of the period
are entirely occupied with the tales of bloodshed, the settling of
private feuds, the hatching of conspiracies and quarrels, or the
still more popular one of plundering and foraging across the
border.
24 ANNALS OF AN
Sir Patrick Ogilvie was one of the nobles arrested, for
conspiracy by order of King James I., along with the Duke
of Albany. He was, however, soon released, and restored to
the royal favour. As Sheriff of Angus and Great Justiciary of
Scotland, he was a member of an important Embassy to the
Court of France. In May 1425 he served as one of the jury
of the nobility which condemned to death the Duke of Albany,
his two sons, and the Earl of Lennox. After the death of
Stewart of Darnley in 1429, he was also appointed Constable of
the Scottish army in France. On the 14th April 1426 James
I. confirmed grant by Patrick de Ogilvie, Knt., with, consent of
his father, Alexander de Ogilvie, Sheriff of Forfar, of certain
rents from lands in Banffshire, to found a Chaplainry in the
Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Garvoch : if the rents
are not forthcoming from this property tliey are to be uplifted
from the baronial lands of Auchterhouse and Eassie. Feb. 26,
1439, King James II. confirmed charters dated at Auchterhouse
10th March 1438, Avhereby Margaret de Fenton of Beaufort
grants certain lands to Walter Ogilby, son of the late Sir Patrick
de Ogilby of Auchterhouse. March 28, 1453, King James II.
confirmed letters given by Alex, de Ogilvy of Auchterhouse,
Sheriff of Forfar, to his brother, Walter of Ogilvy of Beaufort,
appointing him manager of all his estates. The original letters
are in Scottish, and were written at Auchterhouse.
Be it kend till al men be thir present lettrez, me, Alexander of
Ogilvy of Uchterhonae, Shiief of Foi"far ande of Banf, tie have
gevin and grantit, &c., to my derrast brother, Walter of Ogilvy
of Beuforte, the hale governance in al thyngs of myne anne
person to be in his specials keping, conservasione, ande yeme
for al the dais of my lyve or his lyve, with full power and
governance of al and sindri my landis, possessiones, and annuell
rentis, with the pertinantis had and for to be had within the
realme of Scotland quhaeresumever ; and al tha said landis to
set, and the malis of them to rais and ressave at his anne
lyking ; with full power of bailyery of thaim for al the dais of
his lyve ; all strengthis, housis, castellis, or toweris pertenande
ANGUS PARISH. 25
or langande to me, oi* j'it be oiiy mauere off way in tyme to
cum be richt of my heritage may happen or fall to me, or richt
wisly may pertene to be fully anrl halj' in the saide Walter of
Ogilvy, my derrast brother's keeping, yemesale, and gover-
nance, enduring al the dais of the saide Walter's lyve ; and al
and sundry my gudis, moveblez and unmoveblez, had and for
to be had quhaeresumever, and to be frely ressavit, uptakyn,
governit, and fuUely disponit at the will, desposiciou, ande
ordinance of the saide Walter, without obstakill, i}npediment,
questionne, or demande of ony man or woman of lyne, enduring
the saide date. All and sindri my offices of Sherifdomes of
Forfar and Banf, with all and sindri profittis or avails to the
saide ofHcis pertenande or may pertene, to be usit, occupyit,
ande fullely govemyt be the saide Walter of Ogilvy, or his
deputis, substitutis, under him for al the dais of his lyve, all
my tenantis, indwellaris, or yit inhabitantis, of all and sindri
my landis had or for to be had at the verray maintenance and
governance of the said Walter enduring the said date ; and
hereaftour I, the saide Alexander of Ogilvy, bindis ande lebly
and treuly oblisis me be the faithe and laute in my body,
withoute fraude or gile, to stand, bide, and stedfastly to
remayne at the very ful governance of my said brother in al
and sindri powntis and articlis as is before writin for al the
dais of my lyve, na I sal never revoke nor yet againcal na
kynde of condicion na appoyntment above writtin, but sal
lebly and treuly keep thaim and ger them be kepit the saide
condicions and'appoyntments to the utterest, withoute fraude
or gile. In the witnessing of the quhilk thing my sele is
hungyn to this my present writt.
At Uchterhous.
March, 17, 1452.
On the 23rcl January, 1446, there occurred one of those
sanguinary struggles for supremacy — characteristic of the age —
between the Ogilvies and Lindsays. This is known histori-
cally as the battle of Arbroath. The Earl of Crawford, a
powerful and ambitious baron, well known for his restless,
predatory character, had seized and appropriated certain lands
belonging to Kennedy, the Bishop of St Andrews, and subse-
quently formed the intention of enriching himself at the expense
26 ANNALS OF AN
of the Abbey of Arbroath. This audacious and sacrilegious
project aroused the hostihty of the Ogilvies, who were determined
to adopt strong measures to curb the avarice of Crawford.
Mustering to their full clan strength, admirably mounted, and
fully equipped for war, they proceeded to Arbroath to defend
with their lives the rights and possessions of the ancient sacred
establishment. While the Ogilvies had constituted themselves
guardians of the Abbey, the Earl of Huntly, with his military
retinue, chanced to arrive there on his return from the Court,
and, according to the custom of the age, Avas hospitably received
and entertained by the Chapter. Having learned from the
Ogilvies of the Earl of Crawford's anticipated attack, Huntly,
as a valiant son of the Church, joined them, and they rode
forth together to encounter the redoubtable Lindsay, who was
in the neighbourhood at the head of his retainers. As the rival
forces were strongly represented, a fiercely-contested battle
followed. When the day was over, five hundred horsemen lay
stretched upon the field, including many representatives of
Angus chivalry. The Earl of Crawford was among the slain,
while on the other side Huntly met the same fate. The Laird
of Airlie, the chief of the Ogilvies, was taken prisoner by the
Master of Crawford, better known subsequently as the notorious
Earl " Beardie." Although the victory, so far, went in favour of
the Ogilvies, it was followed by terrible reprisals on the part of
the Lindsays, who, supported by the Douglases, overran their
lands, burnt their castles, and hunted them down with relentless
barbarity.
Sir Alexander Ogilvy of Auchterhouse, son of Sir Walter,
had an only daughter, Margaret, who was married to James
Stewart, surnamed " Hearty James," the grandson of Sir James
Stewart, the " Black Knight of Lome," by Jane Beaufort,
Queen of Scotland, the widow of King James I., and the
mother of King James II. James Stewart succeeded upon the
fall of Lord Boyd to the office of High Chamberlain of Scotland
in 1471. In 1473, he resigned this appointment on being sent
ANGUS PARISH. 27
as Ambassador to the Court of France. On his return to Scot-
land he was made "Warden of the East Marches, and afterwards
re-appointed to the post of Lord High Chamberlain.
When the English army, under the Duke of Gloucester,
invaded Scotland in 1482, to place the Duke of Albany on the
Scottish throne. King James III. mustered his forces and
proceeded Avith all haste towards the Borders to intercept tlie
further advance of the enemy. While encamped at Lauder^
several of the chief nobles of Scotland, amongst whom was
James, Earl of Buchan, boldly entered the King's tent, and
informed him of their dissatisfaction with his conduct in acting
so inimically to the highest interests of his country, by refusing
countenance to the leading nobles, and in making favourites of
certain individuals of low birth and worthless character, upon
whom he had bestowed titles, and also raised to the rank of
Privy Counsellors. These strong remonstrances Avere followed
up immediately by actions of a sterner character, for the
turbulent nobles seized the royal favourites and hanged them
over the Bridge of Lauder. Thereafter, the King was escorted
to Edinburgh Castle, placed under guard, and a peace concluded
between the English Commander and the high-spirited nobles.
Subsequently, the F.arl of Buchan sided witli the Duke of
Albany, and Avas prominently connected Avith many of the
conspiracies, revolts, and turmoils 'svhich characterized that
unhappy reign. In 1466, the Earldom of Buchan, one of
the oldest of the Scottish titles, and one previously held by
members of the Royal Family, was conferred upon him. By
his marriage Avith Margaret Ogilvy, he became proprietor of the
lands of Auchterhouse. In 1469 he took the title of Lord
Auchterhouse, Avhich is still held by the present representative
of the Earldom.
Sept. 22, 1478. — James III. grants to his uncle, by his
mother's side (avunculus), James, Earl of Buchan and Lord of
Auchterhouse, the lands of Auchterhouse, Avith Castle, &c. ;
Nevay, Eassie, Kynnalty, and Kettins, &c., &c., Avhich had
28 ANNALS OF AN
"been resigned by the said Earl and his Countess, Margaret de
Ogilvy.
Feb. 18, 1482-3. — James III. confirms a charter, dated at
Auchterhouse 21st August 1478, by Sir Alexander Ogilvy,
Sheriff of Forfar, granting the lands of Ealkerry in Eassie to
William de Fentou and his wife, Matilda Ramsay, sister of Sir
Alexander. •
June 27, 1489. — James IV. grants to his acuncuhis, James,
Earl of Buchan and Lord of Auchterhouse, certain lands in
Forfar, which had been forfeited by Robert, Lord Lyle, and
which were united to the Barony of Auchterhouse.
May 20, 1491. — James IV. confirms a charter by James, Earl
of Buchan, of certain lands in the Barony of Auchterhouse to
Alexander Stewart and Isabel Ogilvy, his wife.
May 19, 1492. — James IV. confirms a charter by James, Earl
of Buchan, conferring the Barony of Auchterhouse, with the
Castle, on his first-born son, Alexander Stewart. One of the
witnesses is David, Abbot of Arbroath. The date on charter is
21st Jan. 1490.
Feb. 6, 1499. — James IV. confirms certain lands in the Barony
of Auchterhouse to Alexander, Earl of Buchan, and Margaret
Ruthven, his wife. James, Earl of Buchan, died in 1500,
leaving a son who became his successor. Of the second and
third Earls of Buchan there is little known of any historical
interest.
April 29, 1525. — James V. confirms a charter by John, Earl
of Buchan, dated at Auchterhouse, 28th April 1525.
June 15, 1526. — James V. confirms charter by John, Earl of
Buchan, to his cousin, James Bruce of Rait, of the lands of
Bonny toun of Auchterhouse, dated at Auchterhouse 10th June
1526.
May 30, 1528. — James V. confirms charter by John, Earl of
Buchan, of lands in Aberdeenshire to James Gordon of Mildmar,
dated at Auchterhouse 15th Sept. 1527.
August 12, 1528 — James V. confirms the Barony and Lord-
ANGUS PARISH. 20
ship of Aucliterhouse and certain lands in 33anff and Aberdeen,
to John, Earl of Buchan, uniting them into the free Barony of
Glendorroquhy, with the Castle of Banff as principal messuage.
Feb. 18, 1534-5. — James V. confirms a charter by John, Earl
of Buchan, dated at Auchterhouse 10th Nov. 1534.
Oct. 30, 1538. — James V. decrees that Boneyton of Auchter-
house shall be given to John, Earl of Crawford, as security for
a debt owing by John, Earl of Buchan.
March 26, 1543. — Queen Mary confirms charter by the late
David, Earl of Crawford, of the lands of Boneyton to John
Lundy, son of Walter Lundy of that Ilk.
May 15, 1547. — Queen Mary confirms a charter by John,
Earl of Buchan, to his son, Alexander Stewart, and his wife^
Margaret Ogilvy, of certain lands in Banff, dated at Auchter-
house, 29th April 1 547.
August 4, 1547. — Queen Mary grants Novodamus of
Auchterhouse, &c , to John Stewart, son and heir apparent of
John, Y^vl of Buchan.
John, 4th Earl of Buchan, fell at the disastrous battle of
Pinkie, fought in Sept. 1517, in which the flower of the Scottish
nobility perished.
June 4, 1549. — Queen Mary grants certain lands in Auchter-
house to James Stewart, son of John, Earl of Buchan.
John, Fourth Earl of Buchan, was twice married — first, to Lady
Mary Stewart, only child of James, Earl of Moray ; secondly, to
Margaret, daughter of Walter Ogilvie of Powrie. By the latter
he had one child. Christian. Her parents having died, the
young heiress of the House of Buchan was placed, while she was
a child of only three years of age, under the guardianship of the
well-known and historically notorious family of the House of
Douglas, who occupied Loch Leven Castle. The lady under
whose immediate protection she was placed was Lady Douglas,
paramour of King James V., and the mother of the Regent
Moray. This lady has obtained an unenviable place in history
from the fact that she was the bitter enemy of Mary, Queen of
30 ANNALS OF AN
Scots. She was not only a woman of dissolute character, but a
cool, ambitious, and daring intriguer. AMiile the young, ill-
starred child Christian was under her care, a matrimonial
contract was skilfully concocted between her and the Regent
Moray through the sharp practice of Lady Douglas. This enabled
Moray to obtain possession of the valuable estates of Christian.
This seems to have been very inconsistent conduct on the part
of one who was recognised as a valiant upholder of the Protestant
faith, and lauded as one of the greatest of the reforming nobles.
With his other excellencies of character, Moray seems to have
been the possessor of a hard and avaricious temperament. N"ot-
withstanding this contract and consequent seizure of the revenues
of the Buchan estates, the Regent did not hesitate to enter into
a matrimonial alliance with a lady of the House of Keith. For
years the young and unhappy Christian, isolated from the outer
world, remained practically a prisoner within the walls of Loch
Leven Castle, while Moray lived in the enjoyment of her
revenues. After the marriage of the Regent Moray, Lady
Douglas succeeded in effecting a marriage between Christian
and her second son. Sir Robert Douglas. This union, however,
did not prevent the good 'Regent from retaining most of the
iJuchan lands. After her marriage with Sir Robert Douglas, the
young Coruitess still continued to reside at Loch Leven. The
castle was frequently visited at this time by Queen Mary in the
course of periodical State journeys through her dominions.
Shortly after her marriage with Darnley, the Queen proceeded
thither with a strong military escort to demand the surrender of
the castle, as the family was believed to be one of those in
active rebellion against her. The intelligence, however, having
been conveyed to her that the Countess of Buchan was at the
time in a very delicate state of health, she very generously
refrained from taking such extreme measures against the con-
spirators as she otherwise Avould have done. Xot many months
after this visit the Queen was accompanied thither as prisoner
by Lindsay and Ruthven, and committed to the custody of her
ANGUS PARISH. 31
inveterate enemies. During tlie residence of the Countess of
Buchan, therefore, in Loch Leven Castle, Queen Mary was also
undergoing her memorable period of harsh imprisonment within
the same walls, and there appears to have existed the most
affectionate intercourse, doubtless strengthened by misfortune,
between the unfortunate Queen and the sadly victimised and
despoiled Countess. It is believed that, through the instrumen-
tality of (Christian, Queen Mary was enabled to acquaint her
friends at the Court of France of the vicissitudes and wrongs
which had befallen her.
13 Feb. 1573-4. —James VI. granted Auchterhouse, &c., to
Robert Stewart, apparent of Todlaw, having been resigned by
Christian, Countess of Buchan, with consent of Robert Douglas,
Earl of Buchan.
Christian, Countess of Buchan, died in 1580. Her husband.
Sir Robert Douglas, who took the title of Earl of Buchan, was
pronounced in his hostility to Queen Mary. After the
assassination of the Regent Moray, and the execution' of Arch-
bishop Hamilton for participation in the murder of Darnley, the
Earl was one of the Scottish nobles who took an active part in
the intrigues, factions, and troubles which rendered the reign of
Queen Mary so prolific of misfortune to her and her kingdom.
He was present when the Queen landed at Loch Leven Castle
as prisoner, and was one of those to whom she was consigned.
His name appears in several of the proclamations issued by
Morton, of whose policy he was a zealous supporter. He was
one of the eleven nobles taken prisoner by the Loyalists at
Stirling in 1575, and by them escorted with his confederates to
Edinburgh. With the exception of Morton, who was fatally
Avounded, the other nobles were subsequently rescued by a party
of musketeers, under tlie Earl of Mar, when they reached the
city. In the following year he was despatched by the Regent
in command of a strong body of troops against the Loyalists,
who had assembled at Brechin, under Sir Adam Gordon of
Auchindown, brother of the Marquis of Huntly. The Earl was,
32 ANNALS OF AN
however, defeated, and compelled to retreat, having lost about
50 of his men, while 150 were taken prisoners. He died in
1583. His brother, Sir "William Douglas, was implicated in the
murder of Eizzio, and his other brother. Sir George, has found
a place in history as the deliverer of Queen Mary from her
cruel imprisonment Avithin Loch Leven Castle. The Earl left a
son, who became Fifth Earl of Buchan. He appears to have been
a young nobleman of much promise, of considerable personal
attractions, and of exceptional accomplishments. He died,
greatly lamented, at the early age of 21, and was buried within
Auchterhouse Church. Sir James Balfour wrote the following
epitaph upon him : —
Hie jacet ante diem lachrimoso funere raptiis,
Flos patriae et geutis splendor Duglassidoium.
Here lies, prematurely snatched away by a mournful death,
The flower of his country and the splendour of the family of the
Douglasses.
In the first account of Dundee, which appeared in the reign of
King James VI., 1597, Auchterhouse is mentioned as the
principal residence of the Earl of Buchan. James, Fifth Earl of
Buchan, left one daughter, Marie Douglas, who succeeded to
the title. She is said to have been amiable, accomplished, and
beautiful, and from her portraits, which still exist, there can be
no doubt about the charms of her personal appearance. She
was married to James Erskine, eldest son by second marriage of
John, Earl of Mar, who, according to the practice of the period,,
assumed the title of Earl of Buchan. The family of IMar had
formerly been connected with the parish, as they were the
proprietors of the lands of Dronlaw. It is a family which has
figured very conspicuously in their country's history. It was
closely allied to the Royal Family, and for five generations
appear to have possessed the custody of the heir to the throne
during his nonage. Alexander, second Lord Erskine, was
intrusted with the keeping of James IV. in his youth. John,
ANGUS PARISH. 33
Fourth Lord, had charge of the young King James V. John,
Fifth Lord, had the infant Prince James at his birth committed
to his care by Queen Mary, where he remained, notwithstanding
the opposition of Bothwell.
In the year 1621, when the Five Articles of Perth came to
be ratified by Parliament, three of the Scottish nobles — the
Earls of Buchan, Morton, and Viscount Hamilton — refrained
from voting. The Earl of Buchan, it is said, was only prevented
from voting against the obnoxious acts by the stern interference
of his father, the Earl of INEar. It is related how this high-
spirited young nobleman, the founder of a family remarkable
for its zeal in behalf of civil liberty, expressed his vexation at
this paternal interference by bursting into a flood of tears.
Straloch in his papers states, however, that this was denied
afterwards by the Earl, and from what wo know of his subse-
quent career, no doubt Straloch was correct, as the high-spirited
young noble soon developed into a full-blown typical Cavalier,
and a devoted supporter of the Eoyalist policy. He was in high
favour with King James VL, and in the Court of King Charles
I. held the position of Gentleman of the Bedchamber. He
was a prominent figure in the more remarkable state pageants
of the period. On the memorable day of the Coronation of
King Charles I. as Sovereign of Scotland (18th June 1633), the
Earl, as sword-bearer, accompanied by the Earl of Rothes, as
sceptre-bearer, headed the Royal procession from the Castle of
Edinburgh to the Chapel of Holyrood, where the Coronation
ceremony was performed with befitting splendour. From his
character, he appears to have been a man whose special
qualifications would be serviceable in a Court where craft,
insincerity, and duplicity ranked as virtues. He appears to
have been one of the confidential agents of the King, and
engaged in some of that statecraft and wily diplomacy which
subsequently cost his Sovereign his head. It is commonly
believed that he accompanied the Duke of Buckingham and
Prince Charles on a special matrimonial mission to the Court of
D
34 ANNALS OF AN
Spain. In a curious letter, which is of some historical value, it
is not difficult to detect the psculiarities and foibles of the gay
Cavalier, and the delicate character of some of the negotiations
conducted by him for his Koyal Master : —
" From James, Earl of Buchan, to his Mother, the Countess of Mar.
Paris, 4th June 1638.
Madam, — My departure from England was so sudden that I had
scarce time to write that short letter I wrote to your ladyship. Then,
now, madam, ba pleased to know that I have bsen here those three
months about some of my master's affairs, and by his command I am
going withiu this fortnight to Spain. It is not pertinent for me to write
more particularly ; but if I had the honour and happiness to be with
you I would let you know what whereat I know you would be glad of.
There befel me here ane most unfortunate accident, for being in sleep in
my bed about midnight I was almost burnt in my bed before I was
aware. Yet I thanked God I escaped, only being a little scalded ; but
my misfortune was that the greatest part of my moneys I had for my
provision I lost before T could gat time to save any. I think the fire
was so violent nobody could venture to save anything. This has put
me to my shifts, so that I am forced to borrow moneys for my provision,
and could have none but from Scots merchants, so that it must be paid
in Scotland. If your ladyship knew the pain I am in you would pity
me, for Saturday I have received letters from the King to be gone, so
that of necessity I must obey, and I have no other remedy to be
extorcioned by our Scots merchants here. Now, madam, believe this as
I am a Christian, it stands me no less than my mine, my honour, and
reputation, the repayment of those moneys ; how much there shall be
of it you shall know in my next ; and, madam, for the favour I expect
from your ladyship, I will here, before God Almighty, really and freely
promise how things is. First, that this is the last time I shall trouble
your ladyship or any of my friends in Scotland. Secondly, I do here
promise faithfully that as soon as I come to Spain, with all possible
haste tliat can be, out of the first moneys I am to receive there (where I
am to receive reasonable store) I shall hasten those moneys to Scotland
to your ladyship or my Lord of Eothes or Kinghorn with all the haste
that can be imagined. Yet I know my moneys cannot come in time
from Spain to pay those moneys I take here presently at the day
appointed, the failing of which will be my utter ruine and disgrace here
and in Spain. Therefore, madam, for the love of God, and as ever you
ANGUS PARISH. 35
will think me worthy of the title of your son, fail me not at this
time. I have written to my Lord of Rothes and Kiuojhorn to this same
efect, who, I hops, will join with you for the lifting of those moneys
only for one term, and I protest to God I shall have money at you
before the next. So, dear madam, let me once again on my knees beg
this favour of you, and I protest to God I shall perform all I have
promised your ladyship, how the doing the business or the not doing it
is the ruining or making my fortune ; and so I pray you to convey it,
for I protest to God it is so, for if were with you that I might say
which I dare not writo. I know I nsed not fear the granting my
desire. I shall say no more at this time, only I pray to God to bless you
and all your company ; so I humbly rest, your ladyship's most faithful
son and humble servant, Buchan.
P.S. — I cannot as yet write how much money I shall take up here,
but I think it will be ten or twelve thousand marks."
The following letter, written by Marie, Countess of Buchan,
shortly before her death, is of a singularly pathetic character.
It is remarkable also for being signed by her maiden name : —
" From Marie, Countess of Buchan, to the Countess of Mar.
London, 1628.
Dear Madame, — Since I am almost past hope ever to see your ladyship,
or ever to have the occasion offered which I could have wished to have
shown my thankfulness for your ladyship's many great favours towards
me, I am forced to write you now, having little or no further time to
show my desires. For I having found your ladyship's kindness and
help to be great in all which concerned me, I must now, in my greatest
necessity, beg your prayers for me that I may ever continue more
beholden to your ladyship than to anyone else. I am certain I need not
recommend my greatest worldly care to your ladyship, which is the
welfare and education of my children, for I have ever found your
motherly affection towards . me and them, that I persuade myself that
they shall never want a lovmg mother as long as it shall please God to
preserve your ladyship to them. I have no desire more earnest, which
I shall still pray and wish for to my last, having it in the very greatest
regrets that I cannot have the contentment to see your ladyship, yet I
cannot be deprived of having my best wishes to your ladyship, which
none shall go further in than I, who ever is your most affectionate and
obedient daughter, Mabik Douglas."
36 ANNALS OF AN
■ The Countess died in 1628, and the Earl in 1640. The
lattei' died in London, and was buried within Auchterhouse
Churcli. On the death of the Countess Marie, her estates
passed to her son instead of her husband, for reasons that are
obvious from the peculiarly sad tone of her correspondence, and
the character of the Earl, Their son, James, who succeeded to
the estates and title was a devoted Royalist. He was present
at the meetings of the Scottish Parliament in 1 641, which the
King attended personally, and at which he employed his
diplomacy in endeavouring to win over the other Covenanting
Lords, as he had enlisted the services of Montrose. He was
also present when the sentence of forfaultrey was pronounced
against Montrose and the Ogilvies, and subsequently shared in
other important parliamentary transactions. For some time
he appears to have acted with the Covenanters ; but, ultimately,
on the breaking up of the party, became an opponent of the
policy of Argyll. He was one of the Scottish, nobles strongly
opposed to the delivering up of the King by the Covenanters in
1646. In 1648 he was also one of the most active promoters of
the Engagement, to which he dedicated his sword, energies, and
fortune, and raised a considerable number of troopers within
the parish, and with them marched into England with, the
Scottish army, under the Duke of Hamilton, to attempt the
release of the King, then a prisoner in the Isle of Wight. This
army Avas defeated disastrously by Cromwell at the battle of
Preston, and several of the Auchterhouse troopers perished in the
battle and retreat. For his strong royalist partisanship, malignant
tendencies, contempt for the Solemn League and Covenant,
and his position as promoter of the ill-fated Engagement, he
brought down upon himself the censure of the Church, and
came frequently into collision Avith the ecclesiastical authorities
Avithin the parish, as will be afterwards shown, when we refer to
the parochial records of this century. The Earl was visited at
Auchterhouse by the young King, afterwards Charles II., on a
somewhat remarkable occasion. The Prince being in the hands
ANGUS PARISH. 37
of the Presbyterian party, endeavoured to make liis escape from
their over-stern and irksome guardianship. He entertained the
idea of putting himself at the head of a numerous body of
Royalists in the Xorth. Accordingly, under the pretext of
hawking, be left Perth in semi-disguise on the 4th October
1650, accompanied by five of his servants. To avoid suspicion,
he rode through the South Inch at a slow rate, but as soon as
he cleared it he proceeded at full gallop to Dudhope Castle,
Dundee. Along with Viscount Dudhope he proceeded to
Auchterhouse, where he was received by Lord Buehan. The
party then continued north to Cortachy Castle, the residence of
the Earl of Airlie. The anticipated rising of the loyal clans
proved a fiasco. From Cortachy Castle he was conducted by a
Highland escort for security to Clova, where he was discovered
by a body of troopers who had been despatched from Perth in
pursuit, and with strict orders to bring him back. The
troopers found him " lying in a filthy room on an old bolster,
above a matt of sedges and rushes, and very fearful." He was
conducted to the Presbyterian camp at Perth, where he arrived
on a Sunday morning, fortunately just in time to hear " ane
comfortable sermon." Doubtless, a few more lectures and sermons
followed in rapid succession, for the Presbyterian preachers found
it necessary to bestow on the King daily exhortations of alarming
length, and of a mercilessly scathing and pungent character.
Thus terminated the ludicrous escapade of the " Start."
When General Monk appeared before Dundee, for its fidelity
to the Monarchy he despatched bodies of cavalry to scour the
surrounding country to seize and bring in as prisoners all the
recalcitrant Royalists. Most of the nobles and gentry, however,
had already sought shelter within the walls of the town, and
took part in its gallant but fruitless defence. Buehan and other
members of the nobility were taken prisoners by Monk, and the
Earl was afterwards fined £1,000 sterling by Cromwell for his
Monarchical sympathies. After the Restoration, the Earl was
present as one of the chief mourners at the re-interment of the
38
ANNALS OF AN
remains of the great Marquis of Montrose. After the execution
of the latter, according to the barbarous practice of the age, his
body was dismembered, and portions of it distributed in different
parts of the country. Tliese remains were recovered, and lay in
state in the Abbey Church of Holyrood from 7th January to
11th May 1661. The public ceremonial of the " true funeralls"
was afterwards conducted with great heraldic pomp and splendour.
The Earl's sister. Lady Elizabeth Erskine, Avho was married
to the nephew of Montrose, Archibald, Second Lord I^apier,
rendered h'^rself somewhat of a heroine by procuring the heart
of Montrose immediately after his execution. She had it care-
fully embalmed, and it was long preserved i.i a gold filagree box,
and esteemed as a sacred relic by her family. Montrose had
promised to leave her his heart as a mark of his affection for
her, and in return for the unremitting kindness she had shown to
him throughout the manifold vicissitudes of his life and fortune.
James, Earl of Buchan, married Lady Marjory, daughter of
William Eamsay, First Earl of Dalhousie, a lady who subsequently
figured in a very unpleasant position before the congregation of
Auchterhouse Church. James, Ninth Earl, dieil in 1664. He
left one son and five daughters.
In all probability, the turreted residence which succeeded the
old castle of the Ramsays was at this time extended, and the
house rearranged after the baronial style of architecture. From
its present appearance, there can be no doubt that the house has
ANGUS PARISH.
39
been erected at different periods. Although the walls are very
thick and strong, still the buildingwas never adapted for defensive
purposes. There is nothing remarkable about the exterior of
the building. It is exceedingly plain but substantial. The
original entrance to the house was by a small but massive door
in the tower. This door with its quaint and guarded look-out
holes has been reproduced, and is still maintained. The door
leads to a very old and curious crypt-shaped apartment. This was
protected by another strong door at one time, as was often the
case where the crypt-shaped old halls existed. The original
access to the upper rooms was by a spiral stair, part of which
may still be seen behind the old doorway. While the exterior
of the building is plain and unpretentious, the interior is of
much interest. The finest room in the housu is the present
drawing-room, which, in former times, was used as the hall.
40
ANNALS OF AN
The initials, I.E.B. and C.M.B., appear ou the finely-ornamented
chimney-piece and in monogram upon the elaborately-decorated
stucco ceilin.o^. The arms are those of Buchan. The monogram
reads — James, Earl of Buchan, and Countess Marjory Buchan.
The mouldings, cornices, tracery, and beautiful pendants, from
their highly-finished character, are fine examples of that ornate
design characteristic of the Jacobean period. This beautiful
ceiling has been reproduced in the drawing-room of Cortachy
Castle. There are also some interesting specimens of old tracery
and richly-decorated work in other portions of the house.
William, who became Eighth Earl, joined in the wars of the
Revolution, and fought gallantly at the battle of Killiecrankie.
He was one of the officers who attended upon the great Dundee
when he succumbed to his wounds in the hour of victory. By
the forces of King William he was subsequently made prisoner,
and died within the walls of Stirling Castle. Having
died unmarried, the title passed in 1695 to David Erskine,
ANGUS PARISH. 41
Fourth Lord Cardross, in virtue of which tlie title of Lord
Auchterhouse is still held by the present representative of the
ancient dignity. Nearly all the possessions in this parish, so
long held by this historical family, passed out of their hands
about 1620, although they still continued to reside, as we have
shown, within the mansion-house, and held some of the adjacent
property.
About 1620, the Earl of Moray, through his grandfather, was
retoured in lands of Auchterhouse and others. On 15th June
1648, Patrick, Earl of Kinghorne, was retoured in half of the
lands and barony of Auchterhouse, whi';h he had acquired. On
the 12th May 1663, George, Earl Panmure, held the same
lands. Shortly after this they were for some time in possession
of the Dalziel family, in the person of the Earl of Carnwath.
On 2nd June 1621, considerable portions of the estates were in
the possession of Lady Nevay, wife of Lord John Hay of Murie.
On 29th October 1695, John, Earl of Strathmore, was retoured
in the lands of Auchterhouse, including the teinds of the
lectory and vicarage of the parish. By the Earl of Strathmore
they were granted to his second son, the Hon. Patrick Lyon.
Ochtorlony, who wrote in 1684, says — " Ochterhouse, for the
most part, belongs to the Earl of Strathmore. There is a fine
house, good yards, excellent pastures and meadows, Avith a dove-
cot." At this time the house was considered to be one of the
best examples of the old plain substantial Scottish baronial
residences in this part of the country. When the Hon. Patrick
Lyon became proprietor, he took up his residence within the
mansion-house. He married a daughter o'f Mr Carnegie of
Findhaven, and their initials, P.L. and M.C, may be seen cut
out on a stone in front of the house. l*atrick Lyon was Member
for the County from 1703 to 1707. His name frequently occurs
in the history of the Rebellion of 1715, and he was one of those
who signed the proclamation in favour of the Pretender, the
Chevalier de St George, the eldest son of James VII. With
all their characteristic genuine aflfection for the Stewarts, the
42 ANNALS OF AN
Strathmore family espoused the cause of the Preteuder, On
his way to the so-called Coronation scene at Scone, he and his
suite were received and entertained with royal honours at
Glamis Castle. The Strathmore family, indeed, were among the
chief promoters of the rising against the Hanoverian succession.
With all the ardour of the old Jacobite, Lyon accordingly joined
the rebel army under the Earl of Mar, who had unfurled the
standard of the Chevalier at Braemar, on the 6th September
1715. To him as to others in Angus it proved a disastrous
movement, as he was killed with his nephew, the young Earl of
Strathmore, at the battle of SherrifFmuir —
•' Strathmore and Clanronaltl
Ory'd still ' Advance, Donald,'
Till both of these heroes did fa', man ;
For there was such hashing,
And broadswords a' clashing,
Brave Forfar himself got a claw, man ;
And we ran, and they ran, &c."
On the 9th May 1628, Patrick Lyon's otlier nephew, who
became Earl of Strathmore, was mortally wounded in a sad
affray at Forfar. Mr Carnegie of Lour, on the occasion of his
daughter's funeral, entertained the Earl of Strathmore, his own
brother — James Carnegie of Findhaveu, Lyon of Brigton, and
others. After the ceremony they all adjourned to a tavern, and
according to the foolish custom of the times, indulged too freely.
Lyon, in the course of conversation, made some offensive
observations about his sister-in-hiAV, the Lady of Auchterhouse,
and also grossly insulted Carnegie. In the evening the party
sallied forth in a highly-excited condition, whereupon Lyon
pushed Carnegie into a ditch. Carnegie at once drew his sword,
ran at Lyon, and while Strathmore interposed he received a
Avound which terminated fatally. Carnegie was tried for man-
slaughter but acquitted. He also incurred the opprobrium of
the Jacobites for his alleged base desertion of their cause, of
which he professed at one time to be a strong partisan. It was
ANGUS PARISH. 45
openly asserted that he had been bought over to the Hanoverian
party by liberal bribes. Such conduct naturally created a bitter
animus against him, and rendered him the sport of the clever
but merciless Jacobite satirists. In a very quaint old song,
entitled " He winna be guidit by me," Carnegie is thus held up
to scorn and ridicule : —
" 0, heavens, he's ill to be guidit,
His colleagues and he are dividit,
Wi' the Court of Hanover he's sidit —
He winna be guidit by me.
They ca'd him their joy and their darling.
Till he took their penny of arling ;
But he'll prove as false as Macfarlane —
He winna be guidit by me.
He was brought South by a merling.
Got a hundred and fifty pounds sterlmg.
Which will make him bestow the auld carlin' —
He winna be guidit by me.
He's angered his goodson and Fintry,
By selling his King and his country,
And put a deep stain on the gentry —
He'll never be guidit by me.
He's joined the rebellious club, too.
That endeavours our peace to disturb, too,
He's cheated poor Mr John Grub, too,
And he's guilty of simony.
He broke his promise before, too.
To Fintry, Auchterhouse, and Strathmore, too ;
God send him a heavy glengore, too —
For that is the death he will die. "
Shortly after Patiick Lyon's death the lands of Auchterhouse
were acquired by John, Fourth Earl of Airlie. The
noble family of Airlie, so long connected with this parish, is
descended from Gilbert, the third son of the first Thane of
Angus, a gentleman of much distinction in the reign of William
the •' Lion." He fought at the battle of the Standard in 1138.
Subsequently, he obtained charters from William of the lands of
44 ANNALS OF AN
Powrie, Ogilvy, and Liutrathen, and took the name of Ogilvy
from his barony in the parish of Glamis. From him was
descended Sir Walter Ogilvie, who married the heiress of
Auchterhouse, to whom we have already referred. Descended
from him was Sir James 0-filvy, who was so highly esteemed
by King James IV. that he was created a Peer, with the title of
Ogilvie of Airlie, and sat in Parliament in 1491. He held for
some time the post of Ambassador from Scotland to the Court
of Denmark.
The Seventh Lord Ogilvy, in return for his services to King
Charles I., and for his repeated acts of loyalty, was created Earl
of Airlie in 1639. During his flight into England, to escape the
signing of the Solemn League and Covenant, and the rancorous
hostility of Argyll, his Castle of Airlie, and that of Forthour,
in Glenisla, were destroyed by fire and completely dismantled
by the forces of the Covenant, acting under the command of
the Marquis. The incident has been very finely depicted
in one of the most expressive and graceful of the Scottish
ballads : —
' ' It fell on a day, a bonnie summer day,
When the leaves were gi-een and yellow ;
That there fell out a great dispute
Between Argyll and Airly.
Argyll has ta'en a hunder o' his men,
A hunder men and mairly ;
And he's away by the back o' Dunkeld
To plunder the bonnie Loose o' Airly.
The lady looked o'er the hie Castle wa',
And, oh ! but she sighed sairly
When she saw Argyll and a' his men
Come to plunder the bonnie hoose o' Airly.
Clouds o' smoke and flames sae blue
Soon left the walls but barely,
And she laid her doun on that hill to die.
When she saw the bumin' o' Airly."
ANGUS PARISH. 45
Lord Ogilvie, the eldest son of the Earl of Airlie, became
intimately associated with Montrose when the latter abandoned
the cause of the Covenanters. So deeply had he offended the
Presbyterian leaders, that a reward of one thousand pounds was
offered for his capture. Subsequently, we find him accompanying
Montrose, who, at the head of a fine body of Scottish cavalry six
thousand strong, marched into England to reinforce the Royal
army, now hard pressed by Cromwell. The unfortunate defeat;
through the rashness of Prince Rupert at Marston Moor —
which took place the day previous to the anticipated meeting
between the Scots and the Royal forces — completely upset the
plans of Montrose. Greatly disappointed with the failure of
the expedition and the Royal reverse, he withdrew his cavalry
to Carlisle. Lord Ogilvie at this time appears to have been
recognised as a shrewd and able officer by his Chief. He was
ordered by Montrose to proceed from Carlisle into Scotland to
ascertain the movements of the Covenanters — a hazardous
journey — which he, however, successfully accomplished in dis-
guise, although the report with which he returned : that the
whole country was in the hands of Argyll, had by no means
an exhilarating effect upon his commander. He was next
despatched as a special envoy by Montrose to the South, to
represent the serious position of affairs personally to the King,
and to urge him to hasten supplies of men and arms to enable
him to open the Scottish campaign with some prospect of
success. On his way South, however, with a small detachment
of cavalry, Lord Ogilvie was attacked and defeated by one of
Cromwell's officers, and made prisoner. Placed under guard,
he was sent to Hull, thence to Edinburgh, where ho was
thrown into prison, and remained there for about a year, until
released by the orders of Montrose after his victory at Kilsyth.
When Montrose crossed the Scottish border, and had succeeded
by his indomitable energy and great tact in raising in his favour
the loyal clans, the Earl of Airlie, although well-advanced in
years and by no means in the best of health, entered enthusi-
46 ANNALS OF AN
astically into his service, and by hini was esteemed as a warm
personal friend and a brave and accomplished soldier. Personal
quite as much as political influences led him to take the field
against his old enemy, Argyll. Proceeding northwards, they
defeated the Campbells at Inverlochy, in which engagement,
however, Airlie lost his son, Sir Thomas, who was mortally
wounded, to the great grief of ^lontrose. This promising
•officer, to whom Montrose greatly owed his victory, was buried
with full military honours in Athole. Bishop Wishart refers to
him in the following eulogistic terms : — " From the beginning
of the Scots war he had adhered closely to Montrose, by whom
he was in a particular manner beloved. Besides his reputation
in a military capacity, he was likewise well versed in the
sciences, and was in every respect an additional honour and
grace to the ancient family of the Ogilvies. As he was a main
instrument in obtaining the victory, his death was answerable
to the great character he had acquired, thus falling in the
defence of his King and country." In a letter written by
Montrose to King Charles I., dated February 1645, he mentions
that Sir Thomas had been severely and dangerously wounded.
" Your Majesty had never a truer servant, nor there never was
a truer, honester man." It Avas, however, at the battle of Kilsyth
that Lord Airlie particularly distinguished himself. When the
battle was apparently going in favour of the Covenanting
army through the imprudence and impetuosity of the High-
landers of the clans M'Gregor and M'Lean, who, under their
brave but impulsive chiefs, made a wild onslaught upon the
Presbyterian cavalry and infantry contrary to the orders of
Montrose, and unsupported by the other divisions of the army ;
Montrose at once perceived that his forces would soon be over-
whelmed by the numerical superiority of the Covenanters.
Hiding up to Airlie, who was at the head of his troopers, the
Ogilvies, and apparently somewhat indignant at being left out
of the fight, Montrose thus addressed him — " You see, my Lord,
what a hose net those poor fellows have got themselves into by
ANGUS PARISH. 47
their ill-advised daring. They must certainly be trampled in
the dirt by the enemy's horse if not speedily relieved. I venture
to apply to your Lordship for this purpose, because the eyes of
all the officers are fixed upon you as alone worthy of such a
piece of precedency, and because it seems proper that an error
which has been committed by the foolhardiness of youth should
be corrected by the veteran discretion and considerable valour of
so venerable a warrior as your Lordship. Forward ! in the
name of God, and show these mad lads that, clever as they think
themselves, they may still be beholden occasionally to older men
than themselves." Airlie, at the head of his horsemen, at once
charged, and with so much success that fortune turned in favour
of the Royalists, and Kilsyth was won. In this battle it was
alleged that 6,000 Covenanters fell. This was the most im-
portant of the victories obtained by Montrose, and made him for
"the time supreme in Scotland. Lord Airlie and his son. Lord
-Ogilvie, were also present at the disastrous battle of Philliphaugh
•{13th September 1645), which practically closed the military
career of the great Marquis. Airlie only escaped with his Chief
and other officera by hard riding from the battlefield. His son.
Lord Ogilvie, who acted as aide-de-camp to Montrose, was taken
prisoner — having lost his way in the retreat — and afterwards
condemned to be beheaded at the Cross of St Andrews. The
night before his execution, however, he was very cleverly rescued
from the Castle of St Andrews. His sister, Helen Ogilvie, wife
of Sir John Carnegie, together with his mother and wife,
through the influence of Lindsay and Hamilton, succeeded in
obtaining what was believed to be the final interview Math him.
When they entered his prison, Lord Ogilvie was in bed feigning
very serious illness. The guards from compassion having
temporarily withdrawn, Ogilvie disguised himself with his
sister's dress, and concealed his features with her long robe and
hood. When the guards returned, they found the pretended
invalid as they left him; but who was none other than his devoted
sister, who had put on his nightcap and taken her brother's
48 ANNALS OF AN
place in bed. The final iuterview was thus concluded, and»
holding their handkerchiefs to their faces as if overwhelmed
with grief, the party was conducted under torchlight from the
gloom of the dungeon and without the castle walls. Horses
being in readiness not far off, all escaped safely. Ogilvie,
however, found it necessary to leave the country for France as
quickly as possible. Argyll was so enraged at his escape that
it required all the influence of the Hamiltons to protect the lives
of those who had shared in the artful and daring stratagem.
The members of the family implicated were ordained " to be sett
at libertie, each of them finding surety for their behavioiir and
conipiraiice for 1,000 lib. a pice."
Notwithstanding the granting of an aumesty by General
David Lesly to all who had taken up arms, Lord Ogilvie joined
in the rising under Mackenzie of Pluscarden. This was
denounced as an unnatural war, " as the tearing of the bowells of
their awen native country." In spite of all appeals and remon-
strances, he continued to defy the Covenanters. At a meeting
of the Scottish Parliament held in 1649, " a Committee tampered
a quhyle with the Lord Ogilvey, he being remitted by the
Generall Assembly to them, bot could prcvaill nothing with him
to conforme himselve to the Acte of the Generall Assembly, so
that they gave him the 1 day of November nixt, ather to give
satisfactione, utherwayes they assured him that then and no
longer the Church wolde superseed the pronouncing sentence of
excommunication against him for his contumacy and dis-
obedience." In spite of all their anathemas he remained a
confirmed irreconcilable. Lord Airlie continued, like his son,
unswerving to the last in his allegiance to the Eoyalist policy,
and a staunch friend and companion-in-arms of the unfortunate
IVIarquis. In a letter written by the King to Montrose he
refers to Lord Airlie and others in those terms : — " Whenever
God shall enable me they shall reap the fruits of their loyalty
and affection to my service." Ochterlony (1684-5) thus refers
to the distinction won by the Airlie family : — " The family is
ANGUS PARISH. 49
very ancient and honourable, and have been ever famous for
their loyaltie, especialle in the times of our civill warrs. The
late and present Earl of Airlie, with Sir Thomas, who died
in the Prince's service, and Sir David, now living, have,
with diverse others of their name, given such evident testi-
mounie of their loyaltie to their Prince that will make them
famouse to all succeeding generations ; which, doubtless,
you will get account of to be recorded to their everlasting
honour."
During the occupation of Scotland by Cromwell the Airlie
lands were forfeited ; but by order of the Commissioners of
Confiscated Estates, Lady Helen Ogilvie, widow of the late
Earl, was permitted to receive one-fifth of the rents of the
lands.
James, the Second Earl, who fled to France after his escape
from prison, appears to liave returned during the Commonwealth,
with whose Head he had the prudence to remain at peace. At
the Restoration he Avas made a Privy Councillor, and served as
an officer in the royal service.
In 1677, when King Charles II. found it necessary to raise
three independent troops of horsemen to assist in queUing the
disturbances in Scotland, he appointed Claverhouse to the
command of the first. The other commissions were conferred upon
Lord Airlie and Lord Home by Lauderdale. Lord Airlie took
part in the invasion of the western counties by the Highland
host, and had some share in the cruel suppression of the
Covenanters. When, by orders of King James, Claverhouse
marched with the Scottish cavalry to England, he was joined at
Cambridge by the soldier chief of the Ogilvies, who proved
himself, notwithstanding his age, as efficient an officer as ever.
He was subsequently placed in command of the Scottish body-
guard which escorted the King to the army at Salisbury. This
dashing cavalier was succeeded by his son David, who became
Earl of Airlie. This Earl had two sons, James and John.
James, Lord Ogilvy, having thrown himself into the ill-fated
E
50 ANNALS OF AN
Rebellion of 1715, and fought at SherifFmuir, was attainted of
high treason ; but his estate was saved by being in his father's
name, who was still alive. He was afterwards pardoned. As
James, Lord Ogilvy, died without issue, he was succeeded by
his brother John, the Fourth Earl of Airlie, who purchased the
Auchterhouso estates. His son David, Lord Ogilvie — after-
wards Fifth Earl of Airlie — was one of the most devoted of
the Jacobites, and joined the rebel army at Edinburgh under
"Bonnie Prince Charlie" in 1745, with 600 men, principally
drawn from his own clan and estates. That such a large body
of men should have been raised for the most part from the
Airlie estates may be accounted for from the fact, that the Earl
issued strict orders to all his tenants, ground officers, and
dependants upon the estates to take up arms. Very many of
them were thus forced to accompany Lord Ogilvie ; although
the Earl himself very cautiously, and fortunately, as events
transpired, took great care not to identify himself too openly
with the Rebellion. This fine body of men proved an important
accession to the Highland army. Ogilvie joined the Prince in
Edinburgh after the battle of Prcstonpans in 1745, where the
Royalist forces were completely overpowered by the fierce
onslaught of the stalwart Highlander^. He joined in the
victorious march over the border, and afterwards fought at
CuUoden in 1746, where the Jacobite army suffered irretrievable
defeat. Fleeing from the battlefield, he made his escape to
Dundee, thence to Norway, where he was made prisoner. He
escaped to Sweden, thence to France, and there became an
officer in the French service. The unswerving devotion and
self-sacrifice which this young but undaunted Jacobite soldier
displayed to have the " auld Stewarts back again," although
worthy of a nobler cause, nevertheless cannot fail to strike the
imagination and evoke the warmest sympathies. Many a day
the gallant Ogilvies, who survived Drummossie Muir, and the
savage reprisals which followed, lamented the absence of their
chief — an exile in foreign lands — for whom they entertained the
ANGUS PARISH. 51
fondest regard, and from whom to be separated was the most
bitter disappointment of their lives.
" Over the seas and far awa',
Over the seas and far awa',
0, weel may we maen for the day that's gane,
* And the lad that's banished far awa'.
The following entry appears in the parochial baptismal records
of this period : — "December 6, 1751, which day David Ogilvie,
lawful son to the Eight Hon. David, Lord Ogilvy, and Lady
Margaret Johnstone, his spouse, and grandson to the Right Hon.
John, Earl of Airlie, residing at Auchterhouse, was baptysed in
the presence of several persons of distinction." Having obtained
a free pardon, the Earl returned to Scotland in 1783, and died,
after a strangely romantic and chequered career, in 1803. His
sword and drinking cup — his companions throughout many years
of struggle, hardship, and exile for the Stewart cause — are still
preserved at Cortachy Castle. Inscribed upon the sword are
the interesting words — " The man who feels no delight in
a gallant steed, a bright sword, and a fair lady has not in his
breast the heart to be a soldier." Upon the cup are inscribed
the family arms, and words very expressive of the owner's
vicissitudes of fortune — " If fortune torments me, hope contents
me." The Countess of Airlie, a daughter of Sir James John-
stone of Westerhall, equalled her husband in her devotion to
the Jacobite cause ; for, accompanying the Highland army, she
witnessed the fight at Culloden. There she was taken prisoner
and removed to Edinburgh Castle. She, however, cleverly
managed to make her escape from the Castle to France, where
she died in exile in the year 1757, at the early age of thirty-
three. Walter Ogilvy of Airlie assumed the title of Lord Airlie
in 1812. The title, however, was for some time in abeyance,
and was not restored till the year 1826. Although portions of
the Auchterhouse estate have within recent years been sold, the
old mansion-house, with the adjoining lands, still remains in the
possession of the present Earl of Airlie.
52 ANNALS OF AN
From the fact that the tower and manor-house were for so
many years occupied by the Earls of Buchan, a large saugh
tree within the grounds is understood to mark the spot where,
it is alleged, the fight so renowned in Scottish ballad took place
between Sir John de Graeme and Sir James the Koss or Rose
for the hand of the fair Matilda, the daughter of one of the Earls
of Buchan. The old ballad of Sir James the Rose was at one
time a very familiar one throughout Scotland. From the original
ballad have sprung other two,, viz., " Sir James the Ross," and
" Sir James of Perth." The following, however, is the ballad
which we have frequently heard quoted throughout the parish.
It is an interesting and spirited production, understood to be
from the pen of Michael Bruce, although founded upon the
earlier versions : —
SIR JAMES. THE ROSE.
Of all the Scottish Northern chiefs,
Of high and warlike name,
The bravest was Sir James the Rose,
A knight of meikle fame.
His growth was like the youthful oak
That crowns the mountain's brow,
And waving o'er his shoulders broad
His locks of yellow flew.
Wide were his fields, his herds were large,
And large his flocks of sheep,
And numerous were his goats and deer,
Upon the mountains steep.
The chieftain of the good clan Rose,
A firm and warlike band,
Five hundred warriors drew the sword,
Beneath his high command.
In bloody fight thrice had he stood
Against the English keen,
Ere two-and-twenty opening springs
The blooming youth had seen.
ANGUS PARISH. 53
The fair Matilda clear he loved —
A maid of beauty rare ;
Ev'n Margaret on the Scottish throue
Was never half so fair.
Long had he woo'd, long she refused,
With seeming scorn and pride ;
Yet oft her eyes confessed tlie love
Her fearful words denied.
At length she blessed his well-tried love,
Allowed his tender claim ;
She vowed to him her tender heart,
And owned an equal flame.
Her father, Buchan's cruel lord,
Their passion disapproved ;
He bade her wed Sir John the Graeme,
And leave the youth she loved.
One night they met as tliey were wont,
Deep in a shady wood,
^^ here on the bank beside the bum
A blooming saugh tree stood.
Concealed among the underwood
The crafty Donald lay —
The brother of Sir John the Graeme —
To watch what they might say.-
When thus the maid began, My Sire
Our passion disapproves,
He bids me wed Sir John the Graeme,
So here must end our loves.
My father's will must be obeyed.
Nought boots me to withstand ;
Some fairer maid in beauty's bloom
Shall bless you with her hand.
Soon will Matilda be forgot.
And from thy mind effaced ;
Hut may that happiness be thine.
Which I can never taste.
54 ANNALS OF AN
What flo I hear ! is this thy vow ?
Sir James the Rose replied ;
And will Matilda wed the Grreme,
Though sworn to be my bride ?
His sword shall sooner pierce my heart
Than 'reave me of thy charms —
And clasped her to his throbbing breast.
Fast locked within his arms.
I spoke to try thy love, she said,
I'll ne'er wed man but thee ;
The grave shall be my bridal bed
If Grseme my husband be.
Then take, dear youth, this faithful kiss
In witness of my troth,
And every plague become my lot,
That day I break my oath :
They parted thus — the sun was set —
Up hasty Donald flies,
And turn thee, turn thee, beardless youth.
He loud instilting cries.
Soon turned about the fearless chief,
And soon his sword he drew ;
For Donald's blade before his breast
Had pierced his tartans through.
This for my brother's slighted love,
His wrongs sit on my arm —
Three paces back the youth retired.
To save himself from harm.
Returning swift his sword he reared.
Fierce Donald's head above ;
And through the brain and erasliing bone
His furious weapon drove.
Life issued at the wound— he fell
A lump of lifeless clay ;
So fall my foes, quoth valiant Rose,
And stately strode away.
ANGUS PARISH, 55
Thro' the green wood in haste he passed,
Unto Lord Buchan's hall,
Beneath Matilda's window stood,
And thus on her did call :
Art thou asleep, Matilda dear ?
Awake, my love, awake ;
Behold thy lover waits without
A long farewell to take.
For I have slain fierce Donald Graein';,
His blood is on my sword ;
And far, far distant are my men,
Nor can defend their lord.
To Skye I will direct my flight
Where my brave brothers bide,
To raise the mighty of the Isles,
To combat on my side.
do not so, the maid replied.
With me till morning stay ;
For dark and dreary is the night,
And dangerous is the way.
All night I'll watch thee in the park,
My faithful page I'll send
In haste to raise the brave clan Rnse
Their master to defend.
He laid him down beneath a bush
And wrapped him in his plaid ;
While trembling for her lover's fate
At distance stood the maid.
Swift ran the page o'er hill and dell,
Till in a lowly glen
He met the furious Sir John Graeme,
With twenty of his men.
Where goest thou, little page, he said.
So late ? who did thee send ?
1 go to raise the brave clan Rose,
Their master to defend.
50 ANNALS OF AN
For he has slain fierce Donald Oraeme,
His l)lood is on his sword,
And far, far distant are his men,
Nor can assist their lord.
And has he slain my brother dear ?
The furions chief replies ;
Dishonour blast my name but he
By me ere morning dies.
• Say, page, where is Sir James the Kose ?
I will thee well reward —
He sleeps into Lord Buchan's park,
Matilda is his guard.
The)' spiTrred their steeds and furious flew
Like lightning o'er the lea ;
They reached Lord Buchan's lofty tower
By dawning of the day.
Matilda stood without the gate
Upon a rising ground,
And watched each object in the dawn.
All ear to every sound.
Where sleeps the Eose ? began the Graeme,
Or has the felon fled ?
This hand shall lay the wretch on earth,
By wliom my brother bled.
Last day at noon, Matilda said,
Sir James the Rose passed by,
Well mounted on his noble steed,
And onward fast did hie.
By this time he's in Edinburgh Town,
If horse and man hold good ; —
Your page then lied, who said lie was
Now sleeping in the wood.
She wrung her hands and tore her hair ;
Brave Rose, thou art betrayed,
And ruined by the very means
From whence I hoped thine aid.
ANGUS PARISH. 57
And now the valiant knight awoke,
The virgin shrieking heard ;
Straight up he rose and drew his sword
When the fierce band appeared.
Your sword last night my brother slew,
His blood yet dims its shine ;
And ere the sun shall gild the mom,
Your blood shall reek on mine.
Your w<5rds are brave, the chief returned.
But deeds approve the man,
Set by your men, and hand-to-hand
We'll try what valour can.
With dauntless step he forward strode.
And dared him to the fight ;
The Graeme gave back, he feared his arm,
For well he knew his might.
Four of his men, the biavest four.
Sunk down beneath his sword ;
But still he scorned the poor revenge,
And sought their haughty lord.
Behind him basely came the Graeme,
And pierced him in the side ;
Out sprouting came the purple stream,
And all his tartans dyed.
But yet his hand dropped not the sword,
Nor sunk he to the ground,
Till through his enemy's heart the steel
Had forced a mortal wound.
Graeme, like a tree by wind o'erthrown,
Fell breathless on the clay ;
And down beside him sunk the Rose,
And faint and dying lay.
Matilda saw and fast she ran,
O spare his life, she cried ;
Lord Buchan's daughter begs his life.
Let her not be denied.
58 ANNALS OF AN
Her well-known voice the hero heard,
And i-aised his death-closed eyes ;
He fixed them on the weeping maid,
And weakly thus replies : .
In vain Llatilda begs a life
By death's arrest denied ;
My race is run — adieu, my love ;
Then closed his eyes and died.
The sword yet warm from his left side
With frantic hand she drew ;
I come, Sir James the Rose, she cried,
I come to follow yoii.
The hilt she leant against the ground.
And bared her snowy breast,
Then fell upon her lover's face.
And sunk to endless rest.
There is considerable historical interest also attached to the
lands of Dronlaw, which lie within the parish. These lauds at
a very remote period formed a portion of the extensive estates
of the Earls of Mar, whose descendants subseqiiently held
the Barony of Auchterhouse. About the year 1251, the Earl
of ^lar bestowed the lands of Dronlaw upon a representative
of a well-known Scottish family, the Hays of Errol, a grant
which was afterwards confirmed by Douald, Earl of Mar, between
1272 and 1294. In a charter, dated at Lindores, 1st August
1294, King John Baliol granted certain lands, in which Droidaw
was included, to Nicolas de Hay of Errol. In 1296, Sir John
de la Hay of Angus, the proprietor of Dronlaw, was one of the
Barons who swore fealty to King Edward I. Sir Gilbert de
Hay, the oldest son of Nicolas, was one of the knights who
took the side of Bruce when he ascended the throne in March
1306, and remained his adherent throughout his early adven-
turous career. By the chronicles of the period he is designated
the loyal Hay. The family war-cry—" The Hay ! The Hay !"
ANGUS PARISH. 59
— was one which frequently resounded over the battlefields of
the early Scottish wars.
" The King had iu hys cumpauy
James alsua of Douglas,
That wycht, wyse and worthy was ;
Schyr Gilbert de la Hay alsua."'
When the King and his followers were on one occasion
attacked by the men of Lorn, it is related that
" James off Douglas was hurt that tyd,
And als Sir Gilbert de la Hay."
And again —
" The King now takys hys gate to ga,
And with bym tuk he sergeands twa,
And Schyr Gilbert de la Hay left he
Thar for to rest with hys meuye. "
In return for his services ho was created Constable of
Scotland. He was one of the Scottish barons who signed the
letter to the Pope asserting the independence of Scotland, 6th
April 1320. He died in 1330, and was buried within the Abbey
of Coupar. On the 6th May 1324, Sir Gilbert Hay made a
grant in pure and perpetual alms to Almighty God and to the
blessed Dominic, for the maintenance of one burning lamp and
another burning lamp before the great cross in the Church of
the Dominican Friars, Perth, to be paid half at the Feast of
Pentecost, and the other half at the Feast of St Martin in the
winter. Sir Gilbert was also a munificent bestower of grants to
the Abbey of Coupar. Down to the middle of the 1 6th century
the lands of Dronlaw remained in the Hay family. 29th Oct.
1546, John Scrymgeour, the heir of James Scrymgeour,
Constable of Dundee, was retoured in the lands of Dronlaw and
Adamstone. On 17th April 1638, William Hay, heir of Sir
Alexander Hay, was retoured in Dronlaw, &c. On 30th August
1638, they passed to the Earl of Errol. 28th September 1652,
George Hay was retoured in Dronlaw and other lands. In 1646
60 ANNALS OF AN
Mr Robert Hay of Dronlaw acted as an elder in Auchterhouse
Church. He is mentioned among the list of nobility and gentry
present at the re-interment of the great Marquis in 1661. His
relative, Sir William Hay of Delgity, was a companion-in-arms
of Montrose throughout his campaigns in Scotland. He accom-
panied him also during his flight, was made prisoner, and suffered
death immediately after the execution of his chief. On the day
of the re-intermont of Montrose, his remains were laid beside
those of his leader, amid all the honours which could be i^aid to
a well-known cavalier and soldier of fortune.
The following inscription appears upon one of the present
Communion Cups : — " This Communion Cap, for the Kirk of
Aughterhous, gifted be Mr Hay of Drolaw, and reneved Anno
1717." The original date of the cup is not given ; probably it
was gifted in the middle of the 17th century. The lands of
Dronlaw were successively held by Lord Deskfruid (1652),
Patrick Ogilvy (1671), Colin Campbell of Lundie (1670) ; then
we find in 1695 that the Earl of Strathmore is retoured in lands
of Dronlaw, Templeton, with the alehouse, manor, and teinds of
the Church of Auchterhouse. They were afterwards acquired,
along with the lands of Adamstone, by the family of Duncan,
who owned the Templelands, in which family they still remain.
The Templelands within the parish were so named because they
originally formed a portion of the vast estates scattered over the
country which belonged to the famous semi-religious order of
Knight-Templars — an order instituted in the 12th century for
the defence of the Holy Sepulchre. Its wealth and landed
possessions brought about its moral collapse, and ultimately the
order was suppressed by Pope Clement V. These lands appear
to have gradually passed into the hands of private individuals.
In the 16th century, they M'ere in the possession of WiUiam
Duncan, whose descendants, represented by the Earl of Camper-
down, are still in possession. The lands of Scotston within the
parish formed at one time a portion of the valuable estates of the
Earls of Angus.
ANGUS PARISH. 61
iitrt II.
THE CHURCH.
There were no regular parochial priests in Scotland till the
12th century. In early times it was customary for Avealthy
barons to erect chapels upon their estates for the spiritual benefit
of themselves and their retainers, and the land was then tithed
for the maintenance of the priest. In these early times repre-
sentativ(}S of the various orders of monks from the monastic
centres of Perth, Dundee, and other ecclesiastical establishments
constantly traversed the country in all directions, and were, as
a rule, liberally treated for their spiritual services. Scotland
had now become a portion of the all-powerful and widespread
territory of the Church of Eonie. The clergy of that church
soon acquired commanding influence, for they were the only
educated men, the only legislators, and the only notaries, and
even the proud barons acknowledged their authority. After
this came a remarkable period in Scottish ecclesiastical history.
Now originated its splendid hierarchy, and were erected its
grand abbeys, churches, and chapels, which at the present day
are still beautiful in their ruins. It was truly said of this time,
that the sound of the gospel could scarcely be heard for the
sound of the mallet. The energy displayed, even in the most
remote districts, Avas unbounded in its enthusiasm. Auchter-
house, about this time, was created a vicarage in the Diocese of
Dunkeld. When Galfridus was Bishop of Dunkeld in 1238,
the Church of Utherhouso is mentioned as one of those under
his jurisdiction. In the year 1275, Benimundus de Vicci,
62 ANNALS OF AN
better known as Bagimont, came to Scotland to collect on behalf
of the Pope one-tenth of all ecclesiastical benefices for the
recovery of the Holy Land. According to Bagiinont's roll, made
up at Perth in 1275, the vicarage was valued at £8 Scots, so
that six centuries ago the parish possessed a Christian church
and priest. In those days the old barons feared nothing on
earth but the Clmrch, and not one of them Avould have been
bold enough to venture forth into the wars without its benedic-
tion. Besides, the stern uncompromising theology of Rome and
the universal belief iu the burning abyss where the departed
had to expiate the sins which they had not expiated on e.arth,
filled the minds of all in those dark, superstitious, and semi-
barbarous times with indescribable terror. The wealthy feudal
lords believed that whatever was spent upon a church would
tend to secure the repose of the souls of their departed relatives ;
consequently, the wealth of the land simply poured into the
capacious coffers of Rome.
Notwithstanding the unfortunate obscurity in which the
parochial life of Scotland is involved during this period, still,
from an examination of the Canons of the Church drawn up by
the Provincial Councils held at Perth in 1242 and 1296, some
interesting information maybe obtained. The Council of 1242
published certain canons under the authority of a bull of Pope
Honorius III., which were ratified by the King and the Estates.
These canons remained practically the law of the Romish
Church in Scotland until its overthrow. The parish rectors and
vicars were enjoined to wear the tonsure, to habilitate themselves
in garments suitable to their position, and avoid such as were
made of tartan and striped cloth ; to lead pure, respectable, and
honest lives ; to adhere strictly to the celibate state (which,
however, very few of the parochial clergy did) ; to abstain from
all drunkenness and debauchery ; to avoid inns, except of
necessity and when on journeys. They were further enjoined
not to interfere too much in secular matters ; not to engage in
worldly business, particularly if dishonest; to be diligent in
ANGUS PAKISH. 63
their duties, offices, and studies ; to celebrate studiously and
devoutly, by day and night alike, their divine calling as God
should enable them ; to instruct the people diligently in the
Articles of the Catholic Faith, and warn them to expound the
same faith to their children ; to maintain in good order the
sacred establishment, and the vessels, vestments, books, and
other articles connected with divine service ; to be careful of all
church property ; to prevent all squandering of it, all thoughtless
giving of it away, and all unnecessary impoverishment of the
parochial living.
[Before the foundation of St Andrews in 1411, Scottish
aspirants for the priesthood were educated at Paris and Oxford.
The first Professorships at St Andrews were those of school
divinity, philosophy, and logic. It was the only centre of
intellectual activity in Scotland, and was the favourite training
school for Scottish youth.]
Churches were to be built of stone, and thereafter consecrated.
They were also to be provided with befitting ornamentation, and
all requisite ecclesiastical furniture, such as fonts, service books,
■&C. ^^o church or oratory was on any account to be constructed
without the sanction of the Bishop. The rector or vicar was to
be provided with a manse (mansio) suitable for the reception
■of a Bishop or Archbishop, for the maintenance of which he was
to be held responsible. The stipend (sustentatio) was not to
be less than ten merks sterling, and free from all burdens. The
vicar was entitled to the tithes of corn, hay, wool, flax, milk,
■cheese, chickens, •eggs, fish, garden fnuts, &c. Any attempt
to defraud the vicar, or any refusal to give up the tithes
•at the proper time and in good condition, was to be
followed bj' excommunication. The stigma of " Son of
Perdition" was attached to anyone who attempted to be dishonest
and disloyal to any churchman. It may be mentioned, also,
that before 1232 a provincial council was held by a canon of
which every parish priest was secured in the privilege of
pasturing his cattle over the parish. From many regulations
64 ANNALS OF AN
enjoined by these early canons, we may mention the following —
All parishioners after they have come to the years of discretion
must confess their sins once a year to their own priest, or to
another with his authority. They were required to be most
faithful in receiving the sacraments, otherwise they might be
driven from the church, and when dead be deprived of Christian
burial. Everything connected with the administration and
receiving of the sacraments must be done Avith all solemnity
and order. No priest was allowed to join any persons in
matrimony unless by proclamation of banns three times publicly
in church according to the form of the General Council. No
one dared, under the penalty of excommunication, to keep back
any information which might prevent marriage, and no one
was allowed to prevent a marriage maliciously. Clandestine
marriages Avere strictly forbidden. Any priest being a party
to such a marriage Avas liable to severe punishment. As the
virtue and efficacy of the sacrament of baptism Avere held of the
highest religious significance, it Avas ordained that it be celebrated
with all honour, reverence, and care. A baptistry was to be
provided for every church. The fonts Avere to be of stone or
wood, and of sufficient size (competens). They Avere to be pro-
tected Avith covers (Pontes sub sera clausa custodiantur). Any
breach of this order brought do'^n upon the offender three
months' suspension from office. The Avater in Avhich a child
shall have been baptised ought not be kept in the baptistry
beyond seven days. After baptism the parents were very
sensibly cautioned against alloAving their chftdren to go near
fires and water. Churches were enjoined to be kept carefully
both internally and externally. No filthy animals Avere allowed
to run about at large in churchyards. Any unseemly behaviour
in churches or churchyards, such as playing and dancing, was
to be suppressed. Whoever Avas Avarned thrice by the parish
priest and did not desist might be proceeded against. If this
form of insolence continued, then excommunication was enjoined .
Those fleeing to the churches for refuge should be defended.
ANGUS PARISH. 65
except all such as were notorious highway robbers and violators
of churches. When the priest is called to any sick person, and
if after he has heard confession the person desire to make a will,
the priest may advise him or induce him to remember the fabric
of the cathedral, church, &c.
The canons conclude as follows : — " We excommunicate,
condemn, anathematise, and we exclude from the Church of the
holy mother of God, all conspirators against Prelates, Bishops,
and Churchmen — all abettors of such conspiracies — all such as
are heretical, schismatic, and infamous. We excommimicate all
those who disturb the peace of the King and kingdom, all who
for the sake of gain bring charges against others, by which their
reputation is injured, and by whose evil actions death, exile,
mutilation, and spoliations befall anyone. We excommunicato
all defrauders of the tithes . . . highway robbers, plunderers
of ecclesiastics, &c. All such we proclaim accursed internally
and externally, from the sole of the foot to the crown of the
head. . . . May their days be few, and may others receive
their possessions. . . . May their children be orphans.
May their soids be plunged in hell, unless they repent and seek
satisfaction and amendment. Fiat — Fiat — Amen."
Among the charters granted by King Kobert III. between
1390 and 1406 is one to Sir Alexander Ogilvie, Sheriff of Angus,
of ten merks sterling, of the farm of the town of Nevay, in the
barony of Eassie, to the foundation of ane chaplanrie in the kirk
of XJchterhous. Subsequently, Sir Alexander made a grant of
ten merks yearly of the lands of the Kirkton of Keillor and
Eassie, and ten merks sterling out of Calcary, in Farnell.
Gradually the endowments increased. There is a charter by
King James I. confirming a charter by Sir Walter Ogilvie of
Lintrathen, whereby he founds a chaplanrie within the Parish
Church of St Mary, Auchterhouse, for two chaplains to perform
service for the good estate of the King and Joanna Queen ; and
for the souls of the forefathers and successors of the King ; and
for the soul of the late Sir Walter Ogilvy, father of the granter,
p
C6 AXXALS OF AN
And his mother ; and for the soul of Isabel, his late spouse ; and
the souls of- his brothers, forefathers, and successors ; and the
souls of those whom the said Sir Walter had oiFended, and to
whom he had not made amends ; as also for those who fell in the
liijttle of Harlaw. He endows said chaplanrie with an annual
payment of twenty merks. This charter is dated at Edinburgh,
28th January 1426. February 3, 1426, King James I. confirmed
grant by Sir Walter de Ogilvie of Lintrathen of rents from
Eassie, Keillor, and Calcary, to support two chaplains in the kirk
of Auchtcrliouse. The chapel was dedicated to the Virgin, and
called St Mary's. A skew-put stone,
with the inscription " Ave Maria,"
and the fleur-de-lis underneath, may
still be seen built into the east gable
of the present church.
In the year 1426 the church or chapel gave place to a hand-
some edifice. This building was an extensive Gothic structure,
and architecturally of some pretension. Gothic architecture
was now in great perfection, richness, and variety. Sir Walter
Ogilvie erected the chapel subsequently into a Provostry or
College of Priests, Prebendaries, and Choristers. At this time
very few monasteries were erected. Wealth and luxury had, to
a large extent, rendered the monks of the period indolent and
indifferent, and it Avas openly alleged that they even neglected
to celebrate masses for the founders of their own establishments.
A new religious foundation, therefore, became more fashionable
amongst the nobles, viz., the Provostry or CoJlegiate Church, in
which the secular canons or prebends formed a body occupied in
the services of the church, and in celebrating masses for the
founders.
What preaching there was wandered too frequently into the
realm of the legendary and fabulous, and for many years this
degradation of ministerial functions prevailed, until, as years
rolled on, times utterly degenerate set in. Priests and people
grew coarse in sentiment, in language, and in life, and going to
ANGUS PARISH. 67
chapel became little short of a mockery. Matters grew gradually
worse. The clergy became shamefully dissolute and avaricious,
and the people were simply robbed to maintain them.
The only prelate of any distinction in the 15th century was
Bishop Kennedy. Lindsay says — " He caused all parsons and
vicars to remain at their parish churches for the instruction and
edifying of their flocks, and caused them to preach the Word of
God unto the people, and to visit them when they were sick ;
and also the said Bishop visited every church within his diocese
four times in the year, and preached to the parishioners the
Word of God truly, and enquired of them if they were duly
instructed in the Word of God by their parson and vicar, and if
their sacraments were duly administered, and if the poor were
sustained, and the youth educated and taught conformably to
the order that was taken in the Church of God. And where he
found that order was not followed he made great punishment, to
the effect that God's glory might shine through all the country
within his diocese, giving good example to all future Arch-
bishops and churchmen in general, to cause the patrimony of the
Church of God to be used for the glory of God and the common
benefit of the poor." The conduct of this venerable Bishop was
most exceptional, as it was said of the Bishops in general that
being shorn themselves they preached the shearing of their
flocks with great assiduity and success.
The churches and religious houses in many places also appear
to have lapsed into a state of wreck and decay. Prior to the
Reformation the Privy Council issued a proclamation setting
forth that they had understood that the ' ' paroch kirks of this
realm, partly by sloth and negligence of the parishioners, daily
decay and become ruinous, and part of them are already fallen
down, the parishioners noways causing the same to be mended ;
uor yet the parson doing what appertains to him for upholding
thereof ; also it is noticed that there hes bene diverse paroche
kirkes within this realme demolished, casten down, and destroyed
for the maist part, and that certaine particular persones has
68 ANNALS OF AN
applyd the stanes, tymbor, and uther greith perteining thereto
to their awin particular use and profite. Although orders were
issued to have them repaired and upbigged, to be mended in
thack, and other necessaries, the complaint was general that
the Act was not tane in na place because of the sleuth and
unwillingness of the parishioners, quhilks were slaw and refused
to chuse persones to tax their nichboures."
From the canons of 1549 we learn that in many populous
parishes very many of the people had abandoned attendance
upon Divine ordinances. Mass was seldom attended on Sundays,
and festivals were much neglected. Those who did attend any
of the services too often treated them with scoffing and contempt,
whilst others turned the once highly-venerated place of worship
into an ordinary rendezvous, and the church porch into a con-
venient place for the disposal of merchandise. The church
entirely got out of touch with the popular feeling. There Avas
widespread indignation and dissatisfaction with the unmistak-
able corruption. The clergy grew more and more corrupt, and
stubbornly blind to their real position. The utter collapse of
the whole system became simply a question of time. In the
midst of the unconcealed discontent, the news of that remarkable
movement over the North Sea had spread abroad, and copies of
Tyndale's Xew Testament, with the stirring pamphlets and
sermons of the Reformers, were arriving at Dundee. The town
soon openly renounced the doctrines of Rome, and won the
reputation of being the first place of importance in Scotland to
possess a church founded on the principles of the Reformed faith.
Such men as "Wishart and the "Wedderburns successively threw
themselves zealously into the high enterprise of kindling the
popular mind against the iniquities of the Church of Rome.
Rousing preachers of the Reformed principles penetrated into the
country districts, amongst whom none did better service than
the eccentric but talented Paul Methven. A great change soon
took place. The church, long a snare and delusion, Avas now a
reproach. Priests and monks, friars and nuns, became the sport
ANGUS PARISH. 69
of the satirists, and the foibles of their lives were most
mercilessly exposed. At length the order went forth : — *' Cut
down the trees, and there will be no fear of the crows building."
The monasteries and churches were at once attacked and
levelled with the ground — the ecclesiastical vestments, the
chalices, the idols, and altai's were consigned to the flames, and
scarcely a vestige of the ancient superstition and idolatry was left.
" An' fearfu' the stiarnash and stour,
Whan pinnacle cam' down and tow'r ;
And Virgin Maries in a shower
Fell flat and smash't their faces."
In 1567, such was the complete sweep made throughout
Scotland, that all laws in favour of the Eomish Church were
repealed, the Protestant Confession of Faith was ratified and
engrossed in the records, the saying of mass was declared to be
a crime, the penalty being punishment and confiscation of goods
for the first ofience, banishment for the second, and death for
the third.
In an age of unlimited superstition and credulity, there was
ample opportunity for the creation of the mythical, weird, and
romantic. The following account of an alleged case of cannibalism
Avhich occurred in this neighbourhood is illustrative of the age of
monkish romances. The story is told by Pitscottie, although
we can find no reference made to the circumstances by any other
writer : — " There was ane briggant ta'en with his hale faniilie,
quho hauntit ane place in Angus. This mischievous man had
an execrable faschion to tak' all young men or children aither
he could steal awa}' quietlie or tak' away without knowledge
and ate them, and the younger they war esteemed them the
more tender and delicious. For the whilk cause and dampnable
abuse he with his wayff and bairns were all burnt, except ane
young wench of ane year old, wha was saiffed and brought to
Dundie, quhair she was broucht and fostered, and quhan shoe
cam to ane voman's yeites she was condemned and burnt quick
for that cryme. It was said that when shoe was coming to the
70 ANNALS OF AN
place of execution thair gaithereJ ane hudge niultitud of people,,
and speciallie of vonieii, cursing her that shoe was so \mhappy
to committ sa damnable deides. To whom she turned about
with an ireful cointenance, saying ' Quhairfira chyd yea me so
as if I had committed an unworthy act ? Give me credence
and trow me ; if yea had experience of eating men and vomen's
flesh yao wad think it so delitious, that yea vould nevir forbear,
it agane.' So, hot any signe of repentance, this unhappie
traitour died in the sight of the people." The scene of this
"Brigant's" cannibal operations was amongst the Sidlaws, and the
Glack of Newtyle was alleged to have been his chief rendezvous.
It is a strange story, but too strange to be true. From the
minuteness with which Pitscottie relates the story he seems to
have accepted it as authentic throughout.
The first minister of the Reformed Church of Scotland in
this parish was the Eev. Alexander Tyrie, who was ordained in
the memorable year 1567. He was translated to Meigle in
1572, but was re-appointed to this parish prior to 1582, with
Tealing, Mains, and Strathmartine also under his charge. It is
somewhat surj^rising to find one minister taking charge of four
parishes ; but the truth is, such a ministry was begun and
spent in stormy times, Indeed, we can scarcely call it a ministry
at all. War — civil war — furious and bloody, filled the land.
The churches, ransacked and broken down, were well-nigh ruins —
" The rooms appointit people to consider
To hear God's Word where they should meet together,
. Are now convertit in sheep cots and faulds,
Or else are fallen because nane them uphaulds ;
The Parish Kirk I ween they sae misguide,
That nane for wind and rain therein may bide ;
Therefore, nae pleasure tak' they of the temple,
Nor yet to come where nocht is to contemple.
But craws and dows cryand and makand bare,
That none thoroughly the minister may hear :
But feathers, filth, and dung does lie abroad
Where folk should sit to hear the Word of God."
ANGUS PARISH. 71
This is a melancholy, still only true, description of the
condition of the churches. According to the opinion of the
General Assembly, the moral condition of the country in post-
Reformation times was aAvful, xigly heaps of all kinds of sin were
lying in every corner of it, no part of it but Avhat was over-
whelmed with a spate. The old records of the period entirely
bear out this statement. There was a clamant want of organiza-
tion. Nothing but chaos reigued. The Parliament which had
established the Reformation in 1560 had never received the
Royal sanction. It was not till 1581 that Presbyterianism as an
ecclesiastical polity knew anything of systematised government.
Then the Book of Constitutions was drawn up by the Reformed
leaders, which, however, was not finallyconfirmed and established
tiU 1592. The clergy appear to have had an exceptionally
hard struggle. Most of them lived a beggar's life, for there
was no provision made for stipends, owing to the avarice and
selfishness of mean and unpatriotic nobles and lairds. 'Not
many years after the Reformation the public-houses and ale-
houses were kept by the parish ministers, in order that they
might eke out their miserable incomes. The matter was brought
before the General Assembly in 1576, and it was laid down as
a rule that " ane minister or reader that taps ale or beer or
Avine, and keeps an open tavern, should be exiiortcd to keep
decorum," i.e. — an orderly house. When matters began to
show some signs of improvement, certain regulations came into
operation throughout the parivshes of Scotland. It Avas enacted
in Parliament that each householder with 300 merks of yearly
rent, and all substantial yeomen, should have a bible and a
psalm-book, under a penalty of £10. It was decreed that
each parish in the kingdom should advance £5 as a contribution
— £4: 13s. 4d. of this to go for payment of a copy to be " weel
and sufficiently bund in paste and timmcr," and the remaining
6s. 8d. was to go for the expense of collecting the money.
Anyone who dared to utter a word against the authority of the
Holy Scriptures ran the risk of having his ears cropped and
72 ANNALS OF AN
hanislieil the parish. In 1580 there was an official appointed,
whose fluty it was to search every house in the realm and to
require the sight of their bible and psalm-book, and to see that
it Avas marked with their " ain name." Every house in the
]>ari.-h had to be visited and every man had to produce his
books, and upon every preaching day the parishioners had to
shoulder their stools, called " creepies," and diligently attend
divine service ; otherwise they would have been branded as
papists or heretics, and been severely punished. The intro-
duction of the bible into Scottish homes wrought wonders,
"With much that Avas extravagant, gloomy, fanatical, and
superstitious, there was mingled much reverence and sincere
piety.
One of the most objectionable features of post-Reformation
times was the alarming extent to which professional begging
prevailed. Doubtless this was occasioned by the multitudinous
distractions of the age. When the country was rent and torn
by civil and religious factions, its social condition was
deplorable. In the Statute books of the period many regula-
tions are to be found containing provisions for dealing with the
hordes of vagabonds who wandered at large over the land.
Legislation seems, however, to have entirely failed to check the
evil. So far back as 1424 we find it enacted that "they that
sal be thoiled to beg, sal have a certainne takinne (badge) on
them," while all those who had no tokens were to be " charged
be open proclamation to labour and passe to craftis for winning
of their living, under the pain of burning on the cheek and
banishing of the countrie." Some years later it was enacted
that "all stray beggars should have their ears nailed to the
trone or till any other tree, and their eare cuttetl off, and they
banished the country ; and gif thereafter they be funden againe
that the^" be lianged. Sornars that herryis the King's lieges
were to be put to death as thieves." By the Act of 1503 none
wore allowed to beg except " cruiked folk, seik folk, impotent
folk, and weak folk ; and na beggars were thoiled to beir in ane
ANGUS PARISH. 73
parochiu that were born in ane uther." These regulations
having proved ineffectual, it was further enacted in 1579 that
" all idle, strong beggars, loafers, and ruffians who would not
work for their bread, should be weill scourged, and burnt
through the eare with ane hot iron," thereafter to be hired out
and compelled to work. Should this fail to reform them, they
were to be hanged as thieves. Amongst the class recognised as
subject to these penalties were "vagabone schoUers of the
Universities of St Andrewes, Glasgow, and Abirdene," not
licensed by the University authorities to ask alms. Such stern
regulations were passed for the most part in the interests of the
really deserving poor, who Avere most difficult to maintain, owing
to the frauds perpetrated upon the generously disposed by in-
numerable gangs of lazy, incorrigible vagabonds.
In 1590 the Eev. Alexander Tyrie was relieved of the charges
of Tealing, Mains, and Strathmartine. In 1594 he was presented
to the parsonage and vicarage of this parish by King James VI.
In 1604 the Rev. David Kinneir became minister. By this
time King James had gradually succeeded in undermining
Presbyterian parity, previous to his attempt to enforce a system
of Episcopal government, through the support he had obtained
amongst the nobility and upper classes, many of whom accepted
his dictum of " Xo Bishop, !N"o King." It is a very remarkable
fact that throughout the long and bitter struggle which ensued
between the Prelatists and Presbyterians the shire of Angus was
keenly in favour of Prelacy ; indeed, in this county centred the
heart and soul of the Prelatic movement. The Synod of
Angus was completely in unison with the Stewart policy,
and was the first throughout the Church of Scotland to
adopt that encroachment upon Presbyterian principle ventured
■upon by the King, viz., the appointment of constant Moderator,
which was the thin end of the wedge for the introduction
of a high-handed Episcopacy. In 1609 it was appointed
that every preacher of God's Word hereafter shall wear black,
grave, and comely aj^parel, beseeming men of their state
74
ANNALS OF AN
and profession. On the 1st April 1610, 13 Bishops, 13 noble-
men, 40 barons, and 100 ministers met for the establishment of
Episcopacy, and Mr Kinneir was one of those who voted with
the Prelatic party. He was again present at the Assembly of
1616, held in Aberdeen. At this time, therefore, the parish was
under a full-blown Episcopal regime, and in charge of a keen
Prelatic partisan. Not the shadow of resistance was offered to
such a complete overthrow of the fundamental principles of
Presbyterianism by any one in the district, so far as we can
discover. The people went like sheep with the nobility and
clergy in favour of a Diocesan Episcopacy.
In 1630 a new church was built, which was the last specimen
of early church architecture in Scotland. The plan of the
church consisted of a chancel, 27 ft. by 21 ft. 5 in. ; nave, 56
ft. 7 in. by 33 ft., with a square tower at west end. All the
windows were square-topped, and of three lights, except the
east one, which was of two lights, and placed in the gable. The
chancel door was flat-headed. The nave was of semi-classic
character, with a three-centred arched imposts and moulded
jambs. On the north side both divisions of the church were
blank. It was altogether a poor specimen of Scottish church
architecture. Its only remarkable feature was one too character-
istic of a poverty-stricken, uncultured, and inartistic age, viz..
ANGUS PARISH.
<•■>
external and internal rudeness ; altogether, a $a<I contrast to the
beautiful Gothic structure of former times.
A few relics of the old Eomish churches still exist, the most
valua})le and interesting of which are two fonts. One of them,
formed of the local grey sandstone, is a very early example,
belonging, apj^arently, to the Norman transitional period, and,
doubtless, contemporaneous with the ancient foundation. Like
most of the Scottish fonts of its time, it has little to boast of in
the way of ornamentation. Along its outer edge there is a
slightly moulded depression, made possibly for the fitting in of
the lead lining. The bowl is circular, and rests upon a diamond-
shaped base, from which rise on two sides bands or supports,
which are carried to the top. The chief feature of the font is
the curious base. The dimensions are as follows : —
Height of bowl, 7 inches.
Diameter of orifice, 9 inches.
Depth of orifice, 5 inches.
There is no drain. This font has all the appearance of having
been built into the wall of the church. The other structure is
a much larger font, and must have been principally used for
baptismal purposes. It is of a massive character, and appears
to have been originally embellished with decorative work, but
this has been obliterated by mutilation and neglect. It belongs
to the Norman period. The shape is octagonal, with a circular
orifice. The upper portion, which contains the bowl, falls away
76 ANNALS OF AN
in sharp lines to the centre, from which is carried out a broad
and heavy base. The ornamentation consists of fillets and
bold bead mouldings. In all probability this font was also used
in Episcopal times. Its dimensions are as follows : —
Height, 2 feet.
Diameter of orifice, 12 inches.
Depth of orifice, 9 inches.
There is a large bottom drain. The staple holes for the cover
remain. There are also portions of the mullions of the large
windows, and two quaint-looking dials. Underneath the session-
house of the present church there is a very old burial vault,
which, in all probability, was used in RDmish times. It
extended at one time the whole length of what, in olden
times, was known as the Ramsay aisle ; but it was subsequently
reduced in size during alterations. It is of considerable size,
and contains the mouldering remains of many representatives of
the old Angus families of the Buchans, Ogilvies, and the Lyons
of Strathmore. ISTot a monument, tablet, or inscription of any
kind, however, has been permitted to remain within its walls.
The Rev. David Kinneir died in 1633, at the age of 52, after
a ministry of 28 years. He was succeeded by the Rev. John
Robertson, M.A., who had graduated at St Andrews in 1630.
During his ministry the country generally was in a highly-
troubled condition. The strife fomented over the service book
was bitter in the extreme. The National League and Covenant
had been drawn up, which was followed by the still more ex-
citing and memorable days of the Solemn League and Covenant.
In 1638 the first General Assembly seen in Scotland for twenty
years met in Glasgow Cathedral. It was a great occasion.
People flocked to it from all parts of the country, and so strong
did feeling run that not a few went to it fully armed. The Rev.
John Robertson was present, and voted with the Presbyterians.
The high-handed Episcopalian policy summarily received its
quietus, the obnoxious service book was condemned, the book
of ordination, the court of high commission were denounced.
ANGUS PARISH. 77
and kirk-scssions, presbyteries, and provincial synods were once
more restored.
On the 8th December 1641, the Eev. Joliii Robertson was
translated to Dundee. It is recorded that the " Town Council of
Dundee made choice of Mr John Robertson to be ane of their
ordinary ministers, and appointit to be payit to him as ane
agreeit stipend the soum of ane thousand and two hundred
merks, togidder with his house maill money" — i.e., compensation
for rent. He was appointed to the third charge. This appoint-
ment was an extremely fortunate one ; for it is stated that the
Council in ane voice awarded Mr Robertson, after ten years of
his ministry, a gratuity of 300 merks. He appears to have been
a man of considerable ability and force of character. During
the siege of Dundee by the army of the Commonwealth, under
General Monk in 1651, Mr Robertson performed signal services,
and distinguished himself by his devotion and courage. After
the capture of the town he received very harsh treatment from
Monk. When he ventured to remonstrate with the English
commander for his merciless severity, and the brutality of his
soldiery to his parishioners — of Avhom a great many, comprising
women and children, were butchered — Monk flew into an
ungovernable rage, and told him if he dared to proceed further
he would be compelled to scobe his mouth. , For the zeal he had
displayed, and his fearless and outspoken language, he and
others were made prisoners, and despatched by sea to London,
and there consigned to the Tower. All the prisoners suffered
severely from their confinement. After a year's imprisonment
they were released, and permitted to return to Scotland. Upon
Mr Robertson's return to Dundee, General Monk, Avho was still
in command over the whole of Scotland, and who apparently
seemed still to maintain hostile feelings towards him, ordered him
to be consigned as prisoner to the Tolbooth of Dundee. After
an imprisonment of several months, the Town Council petitioned
Cromwell's Council for his release, which Avas ultimately
granted.
78 ANNALS OF AN
In 1641 the Rev. "William Wemyss became Minister of
Auchterhouse. Although the Church was everywhere supreme,
still violent controversies soon arose between the two great rival
factions — the Resolutioners and Protesters. The character of
the times will be better understood from the entries which
occur in the parochial records. In quoting these records we
shall modernise the spelling in most cases, in order to render
them the more intelligible, and venture upon some explanatory
observations as we proceed on any points which bear upon
former ecclesiastial life and authority.
May 25, 1645. — There was but ane preaching because of the
enemy lying so near hand.
"When the Scottish people were convinced that King Charles
I. was determined to force his high and mighty Episcopal
government upon them, they accordingly resolved to resist his
harsh and unreasonable encroachments upon their civil and
religious liberties to the death. Those who had respect for
their dearly-bought liberties combined and showed a bold
front to the common enemy. Argyll came to the front as the
chief political adviser, and Montrose was selected as the military
leader of the Covenanters. The King reckoned himself superior
to all opposition. The Marquis of Huntly was soon in the
field with a Royalist force, which, however, was completely
defeated and dispersed by the army of the Covenanters, through
the superior military genius of Montrose. In Montrose the
Covenanters had discovered one who was a tower of strength to
their cause, and their success seemed certain.
The strife between the stubborn and ill-advised Monarch and
the Covenanters daily grew more intense, and a protracted and
sanguinary struggle seemed inevitable. The keen feeling and
grim religious fanaticism manifested by the latter against those
who had so recklessly trampled upon tlieir rights and liberties,
and sought to endanger the much-prized Reformed principles,
had stirred up dangerous elements. In the manifesto issued
by the Scots when they entered England under Lesly, in
ANGUS PARISH. 79
1640, it was boldly announced by those xxucompromising
soldiers, that they aimed at suppressing and punishing in a legal
way those who are the troublers of Israel, the firebrands of hell,
the Corahs, the Balaams, the Doegs, the Rabshakehs, the
Hamans, the Tobiahs, and Sanballats of our time.
Which done, we are satisfied. Scotland aliall be reformed.
Papists, Prelates, and all the members of the anti-Christian
hierarchj' shall pack from hence. The Lord shall be one, and
His name one, throughout the whole island, which shall be
glory to God, honour to the King, joy to the kingdom, comfort
to the posterity, example to other Christian kirks, and confusion
to the incorrigible enemies. Words like these, backed up by a
solid national party, and a strong and admirably-appointed army,
did not fail to make a profound impression. When the Blue
Bonnets marched over the border the enemy began to realise the
powerful character of the opposition he had to confront, and the
utter futility of the old tyrannical policy.
The King, for the first time, therefore, saw that he had
blundered in his negotiations with the nobility, and at once en-
<leavoureJ to accomplish by the wiles of diplomacy what he was
unable to effect by force of arms. His secret negotiations with
the ambitious Montrose ultimately proved successful, and in a
short time the pet soldier-chief of the Covenanters disowned the
Covenant, and raised the Royal standard. At this time the
whole of Angus was thrown into excitement by his achieve-
ments, for he was credited with having no equal as a brilliant
and accomplished strategist. With a strong but undisciplined
body of Highlanders, drawn from the clans of the Gordons,
the Macdonells of Glengarry, the Macphersons of Badenoch and
Athole, and the clansmen of Clanranald, he had already
<lefeatcd General Hurrie at Auldearn, and with characteristic
alacrity and audacity descended upon Strathmore, with the
intention of drawing into battle a force of Covenanters then
liolding the Castle of Newtyle, under the Earl of Crawford.
This nobleman, who had just assumed command, had severely
80 ANNALS OF AN
ridiculed and condemned the military capacity of Argyll, whose
colours had been lowered in every encounter hitherto with his
able antagonist, and was apparently exceedingly desirous of
coming to close quarters with Montrose. The latter, however,
anticipated a victory over this new Presbyterian leader ; but
intelligence having reached him that General Baillie was laying
waste the country of the Clan Gordon, in the absence of its
fighting men, he hurriedly and unexpectedly abandoned the
attack. It was, however, alleged that treachery had been in
operation, and that the Gordons really deserted. The
expediency of having but " ane preaching," in the circumstances,
is pardonable. Those who were favourable to the Covenant
were under arms. The parishioners had also heard of what had
transpired in the previous month of April, when Montrose
broke from the mountains, descended upon Dundee, and gave it
up for plunder to his wild Highland and Irish levies. The
town at this time was one of the wealthiest in Scotland, and
had been lavish in its expenditure to suppress the rebellion of
Montrose.
June 8, 1645. — The Beadle was appointed to summon Andrew
Smith to begin his repentance.
The beadle of the Reformed Church was practically the suc-
cessor of the Ostiarius of the Romish Church. The Ostiarius was
the church officer and doorkeeper. Ho was ordained to his office,
and was recognised as a member of the regular ecclesiastical staff.
His instructions were to be most faithful in his attention to the
house of God by day and night, to open the church doors to the
faithful at certain hours, and keep them rigidly closed against
the unfaithful. He had full authority to expel all heretics and
excommunicated persons. He was also instructed to prevent all
buying and selling within the building, to exclude beggars, to
drive out dogs and other animals, to look after loiterers and
sleepers, and maintain all due order within the sacred edifice.
In the Reformed Church the beadle or bedellus Avas also a civil
officer acting under the kirk-session. One of his principal duties
ANGUS PARISH. 81
in times of stern discipline was to exercise citations. The beadle
Avas also custodier of the jougs, branks, sackcloth, and other
paraphernalia provided by kirk-sessions for the castigation of
offenders. He was a prominent figure on the preachhig days.
He not unfrequcntly made the round of the church armed with
a stick having a cleek on the end of it. When any woman was
observed coming into the church with her plaid over her head
or face, he at once applied his cleek to it, and the woman had
either to put on her plaid correctly or leave it in the beadle's
possession. If the same functionary noticed any outrageous
head attire, he at once applied his cleek to the offending article
and dragged it off. At stated intervals he had to go round
the church to " wauken sleepers, to drive out the dogs, and
remove greetin' bairns." When making these rounds he
frequently carried a pot of tar and a brush, and the waukening
was accomplished by a vigorous application of the tar brush to
the sleeper's face. The tar brush was a weapon peculiarly
efficacious, in the estimation of old Angus beadles, for the
prevention and suppression of church sleeping.
The minister sent the beadle to warn certain people in the
parish to prepare to oppose the enemy on the 5 th July. Inti-
mation was also made from the pulpit to those who were to
assist on the 5th July.
The Rev. Mr Wemyss was apparently a man of considerable
courage, and a sturdy upholder of the kirk militant. As a true
Presbyterian, he made it a matter of duty to call upon the
parishioners to obey the instructions sent down by the Presby-
terian leaders. A general muster of all those capable of bearing
arms was fixed to take place at Perth, then the headquarters of
the Covenanting forces. Minister and beadle seem to have done
what they could to rouse the farmers, shepherds, tradesmen, and
servants of the parish to put on the blue bonnet, shoidder the
pike, and join in the struggle with the Covenanters against
Montrose. Men of every age, rank, and condition were now
pressed into the Covenanters' ranks. All who resisted were
G
82 ANNALS OF AN
subjected to plentiful anathemas, and found it expedient to
abscond. The farmers who possessed good strong horses were
appointed to the cavalry, and the others to infantry regiments.
It was an exceedingly raw, undisciplined, and somewhat grotesque
force, and one by no means well adapted for the usages of war.
It was no unusual practice for the minister of the parish also to
set out fully armed and mounted with the others, and wield his
sword with good eflect in the encounters of these strangely
fanatical times. Every company had a flag imprinted with
the Scottish arms, and the Avords " For Christ's Crown and
Covenant" stamped in golden letters.
Sunday, 20th July 1645. — There was no preaching because
of the enemy lying so near the town.
It is very evident that the movements of the Highland marau-
ders had considerably upset the Sunday's proceedings, and that
the parishioners had a most lively experience of the troubles of
the civil war. The military tactics pursued by Montrose con-
sisted of dexterous manoeuvring, rapid marches, and surprises.
AVithoutthe slightest warning, he swept down upon his opponents,
and on such occasions the helpless peasantry suffered severely.
At this time Montrose had received intelligence of the concentra-
tion of the Covenanters at Perth, and was marching through
Strathmore to attack them. In the course of the expedition the
clansmen encamped at Auchtertyre Hill, while bodies of High-
landers scoured the neighbourhood for cattle, sheep, and anything
in the shape of plunder. What is still well-known as Graham's
Knowe, doubtless is the exact locality occupied by Montrose
and his personal stafi'.
Thursday, April 30th, 1646. — There was a fast-day, and that
day intimation was made that communion would be given on
Sunday next, the preparation day being Saturday, at two o'clock.
That day an Act was passed that whosoever came not to pre-
paration sermon should pay 6 sh. Scots.
The fast-day here referred to was not what is generally known
as the Sacramental fast. It was simply one of those days en-
ANGUS PARISH, 83
joined by the General Assembly to be observed on certain special
occasions for religious fasting, humiliation, and self-mortification.
It enjoined total abstinence, not oiily from food (unless bodily
weakness so manifestly disable from holding out till the fast
be ended, in which case somewhat may be taken, yd very
sparingly, to support nature when ready to faint), but also from
all worldly labours, discourses, and thoughts : from all worldly
delights, rich apparel, ornaments, gaudish attire, and vanities of
either sex. Such an occasion as the fast-day in connection with
the Communion was unknown till 1655, when it was introduced
by the Protesters, who entirely changed the former methods of
celebrating the Communion in Scotland. The only Act Avhich.
.speaks of a special preparatory service on a week day is the
Supj)lementary Act of 1645, which enjoins, before the celebra-
tion of the Communion, that there be one sermon of preparation
delivered in the ordinary place of worship on that day imme-
diately preceding. Even this innovation appears to have been
unpopular, from the fact that it was necessary to impose fines in
cases of non-attendance. On the same day Edward Montago,
in Pitpointie, gave in his bill of complaint upon Janet Thomson,
servant to Robert Turnbull, in Cottoun, for slandering him
behind his back. Slandering at this time was a serious offence.
If any man or woman in a parish was found guilty of spreading
evil stories about their neighbours, he or she might be compelled
to stand up before the congregation and cry out — " Tongue, ye
lied ; tongue, ye lied," for the first offence. For the second
offence, a long seat on the cock stool or repentance stool was
required. For the third offence, banishment from the parish.
If any woman had become notorious for flyting and scolding,
she was at once handed over to the tender mercies of the
beadle, who fastened her up in the jougs, or put an iron hood,
called the branks, over her head. The branks contained a
formidable iron tongue, which was thrust well into the virago's
mouth, and closed it up completely for some hours. Resistance
to such regulations was impossible. Whosoever presumed to
84 ANNALS OF AN
disobey were, excommunicated, had every door by order closed
against them, were deprived of property, and were firmly
believed to have passed into perdition.
May 3rd, 1646. — Those appointed to attend collection at
communion and serve tables are Mr Robert Hay of Dronlaw,
John Wemyss, chamberlain to Earl of Buchan ; William
Christie of Balbeuchlie ; James Watson, David Rodger, David
Walker, David Thain, James Mann.
May 10th, 1646. — The adulterer, John Mann, was enjoined
by session to begin his repentance on Sunday next, in sack-
cloth.
Adulterers, according to the law of the church, were to be
classed with malefactors. All persons convicted of such and
similar offences might be thus punished. For the first fault,,
the man, as Avell as the woman, shall pay the sum of forty pound,
otherwise both shall be imprisoned for the space of eight days,.
and be fed on bread and small drink, and afterwards shall be
presented at the marketplace of the town or parish bareheaded,
and there stand fastened for the space of two hours. For the
second fault, they shall pay the sum of an hundred merks, other-
wise the days of imprisonment shall be doubled, and their food
shall be bread and water allenarly, and in the end they shall
be presented at the market-place, and the heads of both shall be
shaven. For the third fault they shall pay an hundred pounds,^
or else their imprisonment shall be tripled, and their food be
bread and Avater allenarly, and in the end they shall be taken
to the deepest and foulest pool or water of the town or parish
and be there thrice douked, and afterwards banished the town
or parish for ever. The pecunial fines which shall be received
shaU be keeped in a close box and converted ad pios usus in
the parts where the crime was committed — Acts 1567 and 1649-
12. By the Act of 1661, the justices of the peace were em-
powered to put in execution the Acts of Parliament made for
the punishment of persons convicted of such offences, and shall
levy for the first fault, from a nobleman, four hundred pounds ;
ANGUS PARISH. 85
from a baron, two hundred ; from a gentlemen or burgess, one
hundred ; and from every other inferior person, ten pounds,
Scots money, and these penalties shall be doubled according to
the relapses and quality of the oflFenders. These penalties shall
be levied not only from the man but from the woman according
to her quality and degree of the offence, and shall be disposed
off ad pios usus.
May 10th, 1646. — A. B. (name illegible) Avas ordained to be
put into the jougs.
The jougs were frequently called into requisition at this
time. These were strong clasped iron collars fastened by
means of a chain to the main entrance of the church. To
be tied up by the neck in the jougs for several hours, to be
compelled to submit to the shouts, jeers, and laughter of the
village rabble, to be tortured by receiving on the head and face
a wonderful variety of offensive articles from local urchins, not
to speak of sundry kicks and blows, must have been an
experience long to be remembered even by the most hardened
offenders.
May 10th, 1646. — David and Patrick Martins, in Balbeuchlie,
in respect of their misbehaviour on Communion Sunday by
drinking excessively, are ordained on the following Sunday
to make their public repentance before the whole congregation,
and pay their penalties.
All kirk-sessions were recommeuded to be vigorous, impartial,
and yet prudent in the exercise of church discipline against all
immorality — especially drunkenness and filthiness, cursing and
swearing, and profaning the Lord's Day. It was also recom-
mended to ministers, where the people sit too long in taverns,
especially on the Saturday's night, through which some neglect
the public worship of the Lord's Day, and others attend the
worship drowsily, that they represent to the people, both
publicly and privately, the sin and evil thereof, and call them
to redeem that time which they have fiom busines.s, and to
employ it for converse with God about their soul's state, and in
86 ANNALS OF AN
preparation for the Sabbatli, wliicli will yield more delight than
all sensual pleasures will do.
Over-indulgence in strong ale within the alehouses before and
after sermon was a common weakness in the coimtry in olden
times, and led to much trouble and heavy fining. Total
abstinence was a virtue practically unknown. Moderation was
strictly enjoined. None were to remain " langer in an aill
house nor a pint aill or chapin aill the hand," but the caution,
unfortunately, was useless. Throats of being " brankit, stockit^
dookit, bainishit ye paroch," were all unavailing alongside of
the temptations of the large and flowing ale-bicker.
Thursday, May 11th, 1646. — John Petrie and Jean Walker^
in Balbeuchlie, were married in the face of Christ's congrega-
tion.
All mairiages were enjoined to be made in the face of the
congregation after i^roelamation. According to the First Book
of Discipline, marriage is not to be secretly used ; but in
open face and public audience of the kirk, and the Sunday
before noon we think most expedient. Marriages, accordingly,
were frequently celebrated on Sunday. Many scandals having
arisen from this practice, the whole question was dealt with by
the Assembly of 1645, and it Avas ordained that marriages
should be solemnised on Thursdays, within the church, that
day being the weekly lecture day. Occasionally marriages were
celebrated on other days, but never for a very lengthened period,
outside of the church. All private marriages were irregular.
Clandestine marriages were severely proceeded against. The
minister who officiated at such a marriage was ordered to be
banished, and never to return on pain of death. Those who
attempted any such irregularity were liable to heavy fines and
imprisonment.
July 5th, 1646. — The minister intimated from the pulpit that
the Earl of Seaforth had been excommunicated.
To be excommunicated, excluded from the privileges of the
church, and banished from the society of the faithful, meant
ANGUS PARISH. 87
simply ruin and social death. Excommunicated persons Avho
entered the congregation during the ministration of the
Sacraments or common prayers were to be apprehended and
delivered to the Judge Ordinary, who shall keep them in
prison till they find caution under such sums as the minister
shall modify (1585, James VI.) ^o persons who are or shall
be excommunicated are allowed directly or indirectly to enjo}'
the possession of their lands, rents, and revenues ; but the same
shall be intromitted with and uplifted for His Majesty's use
(James VI., 1609). These Acts remained in force till 1690, when
civil pains for such sentenceswere rescinded; and in Queen Anne's
reign it was ordained that no civil pain or forfeiture or disability
whatever should be incurred by any person by reason of any
excommunication or prosecution by the Church judicators in
Scotland. This sentence was passed by the Presbyterians upon
Seaforth because he was understood to be a renegade.
After the battle of Inverlochy, Montrose marched to Elgin.
Thence he penetrated into Moray, after issuing a proclamation,
in which he commanded all the men of the province between
sixteen and sixty years of age to join his ranks, or take the
consequences of refusal. Overawed by those threats and
penalties, the Earl of Seaforth, chief of the Mackenzies — who
.was in command of the northern Covenanters — the Grant, and
other chiefs renounced the Covenant. For this breach of
allegiance Seaforth was accordingly excommunicated by the
Covenanting party. As soon, however, as he escaped out of the
hands of Montro.se he very wisely rejoined the Covenanting
army.
July 9th, 1646. — A fast was keepit, and twice preaching.
Fasts, or special days of humiliation, were frequently held
during the exciting days of the Covenant and the Civil War.
They consisted for the most part of special religious services for
the gi'ievous sins and provocations of the land. The most
important were associated with some special national emergency.
Many, however, were held in times of storms, fires, threatened
88 ANNALS OF AN
famines, droughts, floods, plagues, unusual visitations of distress,
remarkable celestial phenomena — in short, anything which
particularly impressed the superstitious minds of the age, called
for self-examination and humiliation. Certain grave calamities,
believed to have been occasioned by witches, charmers, sorcerers,
and other agents of the evil one, also called for humiliation. It
must be admitted that not a few fasts were held for reasons
which in an age of intelligence would be reckoned quite absurd.
On the occasion of the fast referred to in the entry there was
twice preaching ; but this was a very short service compared
with many of the period. Burnett tells us that on one fast-
day, in a certain parish, there were six sermons preached without
intermission — " I was there myself, and not a little weary of so
tedious a service."
July 18th, 1646. — Jean Morris Avas on the stool of repejitance
for the sixth time, and was absolvit.
August 2nd, 1646. — Agnes Croile, in Dronlaw, was three
several times on stool of repentance, and absolvit.
As the jougs and branks had superseded the old " nailing up
by the lug" practice, so gradually the "stool" comes into
greater prominence throughout these records. This important
article of kirk-session furniture of the past still exists, and not-
withstanding its age and vicissitudes is wonderfully sound. It
is a substantial four-legged article, made of the best of oak, and
from its dimensions could easily have accom-
modated two offenders if placed back to back.
The repentance stool was, as a rule, ostenta-
tiously placed by its faithful guardian, the
beadle, immediately in front of the pulpit, and
upon it the offender had patiently to sit out
the required appearances, and listen, moreover,
to a severe castigation from the pulpit.
August 28tli, 1646. — On that day a collection was made for
distressed people of Cullen, who had their town burnt.
This was one of the northern towns which opposed Tvlontrose
ANGUS PARISH. 89
on his victorious march through the Xorthern Counties. For
such opposition it was ruthlessly consigned to the flames, and its
inhabitants rendered destitute.
September 4th, 1646. — David , in Scotston, gave in his
bill of complaint against John Gullan, his tenant, for slandering
him in saying that he took two of his sheep and slew them in
his own house, and gave them to him while working to him.
September 27th, 1646. — The minister intimated a fast for next
Sabbath ; likewise he read out of pulpit the names of those "who
were excommunicated by Mr Robert Blair, Kirk of Edinburgh,
to wit, the Earl of Airlie, Sir Alexander M'Donald, and some
others.
By the Parliament of 1645, Lord Airlie and his sons — Sir
Thomas Ogilvy and Sir David Ogilvy — along with other
supporters of Montrose, were found " gilty of heigh tressone, and
forfaultes ther lyffes, honours, tytles, landes, aiid gudes, and
decerns the same to belong to the publicke for defraying the
charge of the warr, as lykwayes the saides estaites in one woyce
ordaines the Lyone King of Arnies to delait their armes out of
lies registers and bookes of honor, to rent the same wut all
convenit solemity in the Parliament Housse, and at the Crosse
of Edinburghe publickly."
The name of Alexander Macdonald was one of the best known
in Scotland at this time. He was proud of being the uncom-
promising foe of Argyll, and ever a stout upholder of the
Eoyalist cause in the Western Highlands. By his countrymen
he "was known as Alastair MacColla, and in the historical records
he appears under the names of Colkitto, young Colkitto, Colonel
Kitteach, &c. He "was a man of considerable ability ; but was
chiefly remarkable for his great physical strength and ferocity
on the battlefield. He had the reputation among the clans of
l)eing the strongest man in Scotland. When an officer was
about to be selected to take command of the division of Irish
soldiers which had been raised in Antrim for Montrose, it was
decided that the command should be bestowed upon the man
do ANNALS OF AX
who possessed the strongest arms. Colkitto, baruig his arms^
astonished all by their formidable muscular proportions. His
physical superiority being undisputed, he became the chief of
the Irish levies. He was present at the battle of Inverlochy,
and was credited with having slain twenty men with his own
hand. He carried his depredations to such an extent
throughout the county of Argyle that he used to boast
that the crow of a cock could not be heard nor the
smoke of a chimney seen within twenty miles of Inveraray.
Throughout the Civil "War he was recognised as one of the best
officers of Montrose. He was devoted to the Marquis, simply
because he was the rival of his great enemy. He was present
at the sacking of Dundee, and it was he who plundered and
burned Coupar Angus by the orders of Montrose. This
turbulent and dangerous character in many ways left traces of
his vengeance throughout Angus. When Colkitto was upon a
marauding expedition with his semi-savage Irish followers, he
was the terror of all, because his operations were conducted
with the greatest cruelty and unnecessary severity. When any
prominent antagonist fell into his hands, he gave him the choice
of heading or hanging. Colkitto was subsequently slain in an
engagement in Ireland, after a very remarkable career, for the
most part spent in sanginnary private feuds and ceaseless
warfare.
September 27th, 1646. — Isabel Gall, in Leoch, did complain
to session upon Janet Thomson, servant to Robert Turnbull,^
for slandering her and calling her a witch and thief, and the
kirk-officer was ordained to warn her to session 4th October.
At the same time several notorious flyters and scolders were
sharply dealt with.
October 18th, 1646. — The slanderer, John Gulland, Avas
ordained for his slander to appear three several Sabbaths on
stool of repentance in sackcloth. On this day John Morara
appeared on stool and in sackcloth for the twenty-fifth time.
The number of appearances required for breaches of the Seventh
ANGUS PARISH. 91
Commaudment was twenty-five, and throughout in sackcloth. On
such occasions the culprit was compelled to exchange the usual
Sunday best for a shabby old cloak made of sackcloth or old
linen. The character of the garment by no means improved
the appearance of the offender. His situation provoked many
a groan from the stern administrators of discipline, and a
satisfactory smile from those who had previously occupied the
same position.
September 16th, 1647. — Andrew Doig, in Scotston, was
before the session for shearing on the Sabbath day, and w.is
ordained to make his public repentance and to pay 20 sh.
By the Act of 1579, it was ordained that "na handie-labouring
nor working be used on the Sabbath day, nor na gamming and
playing, passing to tavernes and aile-houses, or selling of meat
or drink, or wilful remaining from their paroche kirk," under
pain of fines. Failing payment, the offender was to be put in the
stocks or sik other engine. By the Act of 1594, it was ordained
that " quha-sum-ever prophains the Sabbath day by selling or
offering for sale ony gudes, gear, or quhat-sum-ever merchandise
themselves, or by another, for a third offence their haile gudes
and gear shall be eschetted to the King."
Sabbath observance was therefore most strictly enjoined.
No one Avas allowed to go from one place to another on Sunday,
no matter what the business might be. No one was allowed to
visit a friend. Xo stranger was permitted to reside in a parish
unless he went to the preachings. Every husband was
answerable for his wife's behaviour, and every master for his
servants. Every man was bound to be in church at botli diets
of worship. Ministers would not listen to the modern excuses
for non-attendance, such as " splittin' pains in the head and
back, fell attacks of rheums, tarrible coughs, bad roads, and
weet, blawy Sundays." Such excuses would not for a moment
have been accepted or tolerated. If an elder or deacon was
absent from the preaching, that meant a fine of 2 sh. ;
others, again, were fined 6d. Church attendance and all due
92 ANNALS OF AN
<lecorum within the church were also rigidly enforced. No
women were allowed to get away into the corners of the church
or behind pillars, for it was observed that they were too
often in the habit of wrapping their plaids round their heads
and falling sound asleep during the preaching. Those troubled
with this weakness were requested to bring their stools and
sit down right in front of the minister, and under the beadle's
vigilant eye. An old poem of the times exhibits this feminine
weakness: —
" But as for me,
Sic unca sights I never see,
For soon as oot the text I read,
I draw my rogullay rooad my heid,
An' fast asleep I soon fa' ower —
It's better than through the kiik to glower. "
Sept. 19th, 1647. —John Gulland and Janet Lyall to be
summoned to declare whether they heard "William Robertson
say that Thomas Rcid took his lint out of the burn.
On that day there was a thanksgiving made for victory over
the common enemy. This was the victory obtained by General
David Leslie over the forces of the !Marquis of Huntly, who
had continued to hold out for the Cavaliers. The Marquis had
fallen back before a powerful body of Covenanters upon the
mountainous district of Badenoch, into which he was boldly
followed and defeated. Other victories followed over smaller
detachments in the Western Highlands. Several of the chief
officers were made prisoners, and afterwards executed. The
Marquis himself was shortly afterwards captured in Strathdon,
imprisoned, and finally executed. This important victory was
celebrated by a general thanksgiving throughout the country.
On the same day, Mr Robert Hay of Dronlaw and Mr James
Wemyss were ordained to gather church collection for distressed
people of Brechin.
This town was for some time the headquarters of the
Covenanting army under the Marquis of Argyll, and in its
ANGUS PARISH. 93
vicinity many skirmishes took place with Montrose's troops.
Some time afterwards it was taken by Montrose, who ordered it
to be burned to the ground. In 1647, Brechin also suffered
severely from the ravages of the plague. Within a few months
about 600 of the inhabitants became the victims of this terrible
scourge.
At a meeting of the Scottish Parliament, held on 23rd Dec.
1645, a petition was presented by the toune of Brechin to the
estates showing "that ther towns hes beine twa several times
plundered and vasted by the enimey, and desyres that they may
be exeimepted from payment of ther twa monthes maintenance
and have repartitione of ther grate losses for ther present
subsistence."
Sunday, 11th October 1647. — Thomas Ruthvcn was before
session for striking of his wife and causing her to blood. It
was ordained that he come next day and make his repentance
before the session, and thereafter that he and his Avife be brought
before session and reconciled, and warned if the like break out
again the instigators would be punished.
November 7th, 1647. — Owing to emptiness of box, and as
there are some supplicants recommended by General Assembly
to the Presbytery, it was ordained to gather collection for their
supply.
The only collections taken by order of the General Assembly
were for the poor. The poverty which existed throughout the
country — to a large extent occasioned by the troubles of the
Civil War — was very great ; consequently, requests for collec-
tions for deserving poor were frequent. Upon the church fell
the burden of maintenance. To prevent imposition by " Strang"
beggars and vagabonds, who were too plentiful, it was customary
for kirk-sessions to grant licenses to the really deserving poor
and distressed permitting them to beg, and leaden badges wertj
given to them to be worn roiuid their neck to distinguish them
from the lazy, worthless, and incorrigible. Only beggars thus
specially licensed were permitted to congregate at church doors^
94 ANNALS OF AX
or on such occasions as marriages, baptisms, and funerals. The
church was their chief rendezvous. At every service some were
present, and directed the attention of those who entered the
church to their poverty by pulling at tlieir coats and dresses.
January 9th, 1648. — Elspeth Webster, the adulteress, being
twenty-five several Sabbaths in sackcloth, Avas absolvit.
January 27th, 1648. — Thore was an Act passed by session
tliat whatever man or woman was found in fornication after
this each of them should pay £4.
Scots currency was only I-12th the value of sterling. £1
Scots = Is. 8d. sterling. The suppression of immorality was
attempted by many Acts, but they all seem to have failed to
produce a satisfactory standard of public morality. The branks,
jougs, stool, sackcloth, &c., seem to have been by no means
effective deterrents. The system of heavy fining Avas accordingly
introduced. Such fines, besides acting as restraints from vice,
were doubtless imposed also with the view of helping the
parochial finances, which appear to have been in an unsatisfac-
tory condition, and quite unequal to tlie demands made npou the
"box."
January 30th, 1648. — William Gray, of the Kirktoun, by
the consent of " yee sessione was nominat for to be yee beadle,"
and promised to be honest and faithful in his calling, and was
ordained to receive for every grave he made 10 sh.
By the Act of 1576 all burials were prohibited from being
made in the church. All contravcners of the Act were ordered
to be suspended from church privileges. It had been previously
ordained that a bier should be made in every country parish to
carry the dead to the burial place, and that those of the villages
or houses adjacent should convey the body to the burial place,
and bury it six feet under the earth.
May 7th, 1648. — Walter Thomson and James Watson were
ordained to search the alehouses during sermon.
The elders of this period were practically parochial police.
By the law of the Church, each elder had a special district
ANGUS PARISH. 96
assigned to him, and Avas held responsible for the maintenance
within it of good order. Visitation of their districts at least
once a month Avas strictly enjoined. All alehouses were placed
under their immediate supervision. The keepers of these houses
were strictly enjoined, under heavy penalties, to keep proper
hours and maintain good order. They were permitted, as a
rule, to keep open till ten o'clock ; if not closed, however, by
that time, a visitation was made, and the house cleared at once
by the elders. This was the origin of the well-known saying
that ten o'clock is elders' hours. When any individuals were
missed from church, the elders liurried out, and were on the
search at once. If the absentees Avere not found within their
homes, then a search of the alehouses ensued. If any persons
were discovered, their names Avere at once taken doAvn, reports
^veu in, citations issued, and the usual penalties quickly
followed.
May 21st, 1648. — That day it Avas concluded by the minister
-and session that there should be ane school built.
Prior to the Reformation the monasteries Avere centres of
learning, and the monks the only teachers. In most of the
religious houses education Avas imparted, but only to members
of the great baronial families and freeholders. In the reign of
King James IV. the nobles were compelled to have their sons
•educated, under heavy penalties. In the Reformed Church the
Book of Policy recommended that there should be a schoolmaster
able to teach grammar and the Latin tongue where there is a
town of any reputation, and in landAvard parishes that the
reader or minister take charge of the youth of the parish to
instruct them in the rudiments, particularly in the Catechism of
Geneva. It was also enjoined that youths be " brocht up and
instructed in the fear of God and gude maimers." Learning
the Lord's Prayer, the Commandments, " belev" and heads
of the Catechism demanded for examination before communion,
were specially mentioned. For many years the education of the
young in country parishes was conducted by the parish
96 ANNALS OF AN
minister, who was the only man competent for the task. The
clerg}' did their ntmo&t to advance education, but the poverty of
the country militated sadly against its advancement. There
was no legal obligation for the parishioners maintaining a
school. By the Acts of Parliament, 1633 and 1646, it was
recommended to the several Presbyteries to see to the settling of
schools in every landward parish, whore children were to be
taught reading, writing, and the grounds of religion. Previous
to 1646, the majority of landward parishes had no schools.
By the Act of 1646 a commodious house was to be provided
for the school, and the schoolmaster's salary was ordained not
to be under one hundred merks, nor above two hundred merka
—equal to £5 lis. Ud. and £11 2s. 2|d. sterling. The heritors
were not obliged to provide a house of greater accommodation
than two rooms, including kitchen. A garden of at least | part
of an acre was also allowed. It was optional to assign, in lieu
of such garden, an addition to his salary at the rate of eight
bolls of oatmeal per acre. From a subsequent entry it appears
the schoolhouse was not erected for some time. There were,
however, certain small sums expended upon repairing the
" ^laister's Chaumber."
July 1648. — Intimation was made from the pulpit about
distribution of money to those killed or hurt in the Duke's
engagement in England.
When King Charles I. was a prisoner at Carisbrook Castle, in
the Isle of Wight, during 1647, the Earls of Lanark and Lauder--
dale succeeded in obtaining a private interview with him. At
this interview a secret treaty was formed, by wiiicli those nobles
engaged to raise an army in Scotland in the interests of the
King to enable him to regain his liberty and throne, whilst the
King, on his part, engaged conditionally to confirm Presby-
terianism. On three different occasions Scotland had mustered
an army, and sent it forth in defence of the I^ational (Covenant ;
now we find the same army going forth under the Duke of
Hamilton in favour of the King against the Republican army
ANGUS PARISH. 97
under Cromwell. In the Parliament of 11th March 1648, the
Royalists, being in a majority, succeeded in carrying a vote
which provided for an army 40,000 strong. Great opposition
was made to this Engagement by the leaders of the Church, and
a proclamation against it was issued. In the opinion of Argyll's
supporters, it was " nothing but a snare to lead souls to
damnation." The ablest of the Scottish generals, the Earl of
Leven and David Leslie, refused commands. The opposition
produced so much effect upon the popular mind that the force
levied fell very considerably below what was anticipated. With
an army of 15,000 men, hastily levied, undisciplined, and badly
equipped, Hamilton crossed the English border. Considerably
reinforced by a body of English loyalists he continued his march.
Henceforward, however, nothing but misfortune attended the
expedition. The whole military operations were conducted with
such utter incapacity and cowardice that disaster was inevitable.
Hamilton ordered Munro, an officer of considerable experience,
to remain in Westmoreland with a strong division, while he
advanced. Although he had entered Lancashire, and was now
in touch with highly-disciplined troops led by Cromwell himself,
his army was still broken up and distributed over a considerable
area. When the Scots were thus so wretchedly commanded,
entirely disorganised, and unprepared to resist the slightest
opposition, Cromwell with his cavalry thundered suddenly down
upon Hamilton's division, and drove it back in precipitate dis-
order upon Preston. Instead of Hamilton holding the town,
and endeavouring to rally his troops and maintain his position
till the rest of his troops concentrated from the neighbourhood,
nothing short of an ignominious retreat followed. The infantry
thus ignobly abandoned and unsupported, threw down their
arms, implored for quarter, and unconditionally surrendered to
the victorious Ironsides. Hamilton with his cavalry having
escaped from Preston, lapsed once more into such a state of
helplessness and inactivity that he was overtaken by Colonel
Lambert, completely surrounded, and finally forced to capitulate.
H
98 ANNALS OF AN
Hamilton was thrown into prison. Many of the officers succeeded
in effecting their escape by bribery, but the common soldiers
suffered great hardships at the hands of the victors. Never did
such failure and disaster accompany the Scottish arms as they
did throughout the engagement. The execution of the King
followed in 1649, and shortly afterwards Hamilton met the same
fate. The despatch of the Scottish army into England led to
the invasion of Scotland by Cromwell and innumerable troubles,
of which tlie town of Dundee had an ever-memorable experience.
August 5th, 1648. — On that day there Avere four score and
sixteen pounds which came from the army, given to soldiers
who were lamed and who were killed in my Lord Dudhope his
regiment.
Lord Dudhope — previously known as the Laird of Dudhope —
was a strong Royalist partisan, and had succeeded in raising a
regiment of troopers from the county, which subsequently
shared in the reverses of the Engagement. This quaint intima-
tion of the distribution of military funds implies that a number
of engagers had been raised from the parish, through the
influence of the Earl of Buchan. "When the defeated engagers
reached "Westmoreland they were joined by the force which
had been left there under General Munro. "With all possible
haste they proceeded to Scotland. Xot far from the border
they were met by the army of reserve, under the Earl of
Lanark, brother of the unfortunate Hamilton. This nobleman,
notwithstanding many grave doubts as to his military capacity,
practically constituted himself at a council of war leader of the
newly-iaised array. It had been levied mainly by the efforts of
the nobility and landed gentry, prominent among whom — as
one of the Earls Marischal of Scotland — was the Earl of Buchan.
It had the reputation of being a formidable and gallant army,
and reckoned to be equally capable of defeating the opposition
of Argyll, and resisting any invasion of the country by Crom-
well. Such brilliant anticipations, however, were somewhat
prematurely entertained, because very soon afterwards the Earl
ANGUS PARISH. 99
of Lanark, to the dismay and disgust of the Cavalier element,
made a truce with Argyll, which practically constituted the
latter master of the situation in Scotland. The next important
event was Cromwell's invasion, conquest, and occupation of the
country.
October 1648. — Two persons were brought to repentance for
shearing corn on the Sabbath day.
Ifovember 29th, 1648. — James !Mann Avas ordained to go to
John Monteith to get 40 sh. my Lord Buchan had promised to
give for the upbringing of a Highland boy at the schools.
In 1648 every congregation throughout the Church was
appointed to pay forty shillings Scots yearly for maintaining
Highland boys, i.e., Gaelic-speaking boys, at school. Others were
recommended to bursaries in Universities. A special effort was
made at this time to spread education and the knowledge of
religion throughout the Highlands and Islands, which appear
to have made but slow advances in civilisation through neglect,
poverty, and ignorance.
January 7th, 1649. — The minister and two of the elders
went through the church after sermon desiring the people to
subscribe the Covenant.
On several important occasions covenants or bonds of union,
by which the Scottish people bound themselves by solemn
compacts in opposition to governments hostile to their religious
principles, Avere drawn up. During the minority of King James
(1581), a covenant was entered upon to protect the Reformed
Church against the Catholics. This was renewed in 1588,
•when the country was threatened by the Spanish Armada. These
two covenants, it will be observed, were directed solely against
Popery. What was known again as the National Covenant of
1638, not only renounced the doctrines of Rome, but distinctly
repudiated and condemned all Episcopal authority and pre-
tension. It was also a compact to defend, against every assault,
the discipline and doctrine of the Presbyterian Church. The
Solemn League and Covenant referred to in the entry was the
100 ANNALS OF AN
celebrated bond of union between the people of England and
Scotland. It was adopted by the Parliament of 25th September
1643, and was directed mainly against Episcopal government.
It consisted of six articles : — 1. The preservation of the Reformed
Church in Scotland, and the reformation of religion in. England
and Ireland. 2. The extirpation of Popery, Prelacy, Schism,
&e. 3. The preservation of the liberties of Parliament and the
King's person and authority. 4. The discovery and punish-
ment of all nialignants, &c. 5. The preservation of a blessed
peace between these Kingdoms. 6. The assisting all who enter
into the Covenant. This will we do as in the sight of God.
In this parish the people appear to have been very slow in
giving their acceptance to this document, while others treated it
with hostility and contempt. By the orders of the General
Assembly a Parochial Committee was ordered to be formed in
every parish, and that Committee had to see that each adult
member of the parish signed, or otherwise gave his adhesion to,
the Covenant. Heavy penalties were ordered to be enforced
against all who were obstinate or slothful. At this time many
of the parishioners were tainted with malignancy, and stubbornly
opposed to dictation from Presbyterian headquarters.
March 10th, 1649. — The kirk officer was ordained to go
through the yairds of the Kirk town to see if there were any
clothes drying, that they may be deferred to the kirk-session.
March 11th, 1649. — Marjory Young and Janet Gowans were
cited before session for contesting and striving together in
church for seat.
This is a frequent entry in the records of this period. In
former times the area of the church was left open, and people
brought their stools with them, which not unfrequently were
used as handy weapons, in the event of personal disputes arising
within or without the church. In those days a preacher of erro-
neous doctrine ran gi-eat risk also of having one hurled at his head.
The churches at this time were not, as a rule, fully supplied with
fixed pews or " daskes" for the parishioners. Such were looked
ANGUS PARISH. 101
upon as luxuries, and were put up by the principal heritors for
their own special use. Through the kindness of proprietors one
or two were erected for their tenants ; but these were by no
means sufficient for the accommodation of all. Accordingly,
the question resolved itself into that of first come first served.
Free fights over the pews Avere very frequent, and certain
female members of the congregation were not slow in applying
physical force to such as ventured to deprive them of their
highly-valued places in the " daskes." Long after the pew
system was introduced, however, a church fight Avas by no
means a rare occurrence in this parish.
jMarch 24th, 1649. — The kirk officer was ordained to summon
Thomas Wylie to come and make his public repentance for
threshing corn on the Sabbath day.
April 7th, 1649. — There was an examination after second
sermon.
In this year it was enacted that every minister, with the
assistance of the elders, take course that in every house where
there is any that can read, there be at least one copy of the Shorter
and Larger Catechisms, Confession of Faith, and Directory for
Family Worship, for a Aveekly catechising to be constantly
observed in every kirk. Every Presbytery Avas also ordained
to take trial of all the ministers Avithin their bounds once at
least in the half year, Avhether they be careful to keep weekly
diets of catechising, and if they shall find any of their number
negligent therein, that they be admonished for the first fault ;
and if after such admonition they do not amend, the Presbytery
for the second fault shall rebuke them sharply, and if after
such rebuke they do not amend, they shall be suspended.
The public examination and catechizing of parishioners as to
their knowledge of the Scriptures Avas therefore general through-
out the seventeenth century. The inhabitants of a particiilar
district Avithin a parish Avere summoned to appear on a specified
day and hour, and all Avere bound to attend. The roll was
carefully called, and absentees Avere carefully marked, fihed, and
102 ANNALS OF AN
afterwards compelled to present themselves. There was no
respect of persons shown.
May 1st, 1649. — On that day those who had not sworn to or
subscribed the Covenant did both swear and subscribe the
same.
"When the Scottish Parliament met on the 4th January 1649,
one of its first duties was to deal with the iasubordinate and
turbulent. On that day the Marquis of Argyll made a very long
speech, consisting of five heads, which he called the " brccking
of the malignants' teith," at the same time informing the House
that he quho was to speak after him (Warreston) " wold brecke
ther jawes." The Engagers had clearly broken their vows, and
it was declared by an Act of Parliament that all individuals who
had taken part in the ".Engagement" were to be held as infamous,
and incapable of ever again serving the State. The terms of
this Act were clearly applicable to not a few within the parish,
so that such persons had to make up their minds at once either
to comply with the Act or suffer accordingly.
In September 1649, the province of Angus and Mearns was
visited by a Committee of ministers and ruling elders for its
" lowse lines." This Committee deprived eighteen ministers,
and two expectants they silenced, five ministers they suspended,
and two kirkis which had old failed men they ordained to be
prowydit of new ministers.
May 12th, 1649. — The elders were ordained to mak' search
for any that did spread muck on Sunday after sermon.
October 28th, 1649. — The minister did forewarn James, Earl
of Buchan ; George Sommer, Patrick Finrard, servitors to said
Earl ; and Thomas Gellies, servant to Thomas Mann, Burnhead,
to go to Dundee to Presbytery, Wednesday, 31st October, to
obey what the Presbytery had to object against them in going
to the Engagement.
By the Act of 1646, it was appointed that such as after trial
shall be found to have been in actual rebellion, and to have
carried charge with the rebels, to have accepted commissions for
ANGUS PARISH. 103
raising horse or foot to them, or have otherwise assisted them in
manner mentioned in the Act, shall humbly acknowledge their
offence upon their knees, first before the Presbytery, and
thereafter before the congregation upon a Sabbath in some place
before the pulpit. This is the explanation of Mr Wemyss'
action against the parochial malignants. He would give no
quarter, and the offenders accordingly had to accompany him
to the Presbytery of Dundee, and there give an account of
themselves. It must have been a somewhat ludicrous spectacle
to behold the three gallant troopers with their noble captain on
their knees before the Presbytery, ignominiously surrendering
to the upholders of the Solemn Leagiie and Covenant.
December 10th, 1649. — There were sundry Acts of Parliament
concerning the Covenant, with the Covenant itself, read out of
the pulpit, and intimation was made of a fast to be kept on
Thursday, the 14th December.
Sunday, December 17th, 1640. — The Covenant being read to
the people, they all did swear to it. On that day Harry Ricky,
servitor to the Earl of Buchan, confessed to the minister and
elders that it was sore against their wills that they came in the
night and took the people out of their beds to go into England.
The Engagers from this parish appear to have made their
departure by moonlight. This surrender of the troopers to the
minister and kirk-session shows that the party of Argyll was
supreme, civilly and ecclesiastically, even in the most remote
districts.
January 6th, 1650. — The minister desired the session to make
search everywhere in their own quarters if they knew of any
witches or charmers in the parish, and delate them to the next
session.
One of the most remarkable features of the time was the
belief in witchcraft. Many persons, especially women, were
supposed to have joined themselves to Satan. They were
believed to sail through the air, to meet at midnight within the
churches, to raise ilreadful stoims, and to bring in all manner
104 ANNALS OF AN
of diseases. Charges of the most extraordinary character were
made against old women, and, as a rule, entirely believed.
About 4,000 persons are believed to have perished through
burning, strangling, and other horrible means. The victims
were the aged, the weak, the deformed, the lame, the blind, the
insane — those poor creatures whom infirmities, years, and neglect
had rendered wretched, and their judges and executioners were
reckoned the most intelligent men of their day. Throughout
Angus there was a general search for witches at this time, and
several individuals suffered from the strange and horrible
fanaticism. Several poor women were tortured and put to death
in the county amid scenes of the most savage and revolting
character. People flocked from all quarters to witness their
fellow-creatures consigned to the flames, amid the jeers and
laughter of an ignorant and superstitiously-blinded rabble.
Ministers and elders even found it expedient in several instances
to postpone church services in order that they and their fellow
Christians might be present at such shocking displays of
inhumanity. Here is the account rendered to a kirk-session in
Fife for the burning of two witches. It speaks for itself, and
affords striking evidence of the gross ignorance and fanaticism
of the age. To Mr John Miller, when he went for a man to try
them — i.e., for a witch pricker, who pretended he could discover
whether they Avere honn-fide witches or not by inserting long
pins into their bodies — £2 7s. ; in purchasing the commission,
£9 3s. ; for ton loads of coal to burn them, £3 6s. 8d. ; for a
tar barrel, 14s. ; for towes, 6s. ; to him that brought the
executioner, <£2 18s. ; to the executioner for his pains, ,£8 14s. ;
for his expenses, 16s. 4d.
January 7th, 1650. — James Ruthven, John Black, Thomas
Hill, and James Low were before the session for threshing corn
on the fast-day. They were sharply reproved, and forbidden to
do the like again. On that day the minister delivered to session
the annual rent of 400 merks for use of schoolmaster and poor*
which were given by Mary Douglas, elder of Drum.
ANGUS PARISH, 105
The lady here referred to was well known for lier unstinted
generosity. It was she who received Lady Ogilvie into her
house after she was driven from her residence of Forthour
Castle, which was plundered before her eyes, and subsequently
consigned to the flames by Inverawe, acting under the instruc-
tions of Argyll. Although homeless and destitute, aU were
forbidden to shelter or befriend her. The Lady of Drum wrote
to Argyll asking permission to receive her grandchild, but he
refused his consent. In defiance of his order she courageously
received her, and befriended her in her house of Kelly.
February 10th, 1650. — The minister warned people out of
pulpit of an Act of General Assembly forbidding promiscuous
dancing, and whosoever should henceforth be found doing
contrary to said Act should be censured ; also he warned people
of Newton to come to be examined.
Presbyteries were ordered to take special care to restrain the
abuses which took place at penny bridals, and also to censure
the observers of lykewakes, and to use all possible means to
suppress promiscuous dancing, and to censure all such as were
found guilty of it.
The stern ultra-Pre&byterians would tolerate no amusements.
These were in their eyes Aviles of the devil and the destroyers
of souls. The grim cast-iron theology and wofully gloomy
fanaticism so widely prevalent never for a moment could tolerate
innocent recreation, nor come to accept the dictum that there is
a time to dance. The entire social life of those days was
weighed down by a harsh, superstitious, intolerant, ecclesiastical
system. The tender, merciful, attractive side of Christianity
•was practically unknown. The charity that never faileth found
few adherents. Pharisaism, violent bigotry, ecclesiastical parti-
sanships flourished in full vigour, while the Christianity of
Christ was practically supplanted by a spurious Calvinism.
February 24th, 1650. — The people of the place were warned
for catechizing. The people were appointed to come at ten
o'clock, and Bonniton at two o'clock.
106 ANNALS OF AN
March 3rd, 1650. — James Ilayok, in Adamstone, was before
session for selling of a plaid on Sabbath day ; but he showed
that he sold the plaid on Wednesday before, and was cleared.
Form of testimonial of marriage from Mr Alexander Bruce,.
Minister of Tealing, to Minister of Auchtcrhouse —
Reverend and Loving Brother, — These are to inform yoa that James
Fyffe, of Drum, Parish of Loiigforgan, and Christian Wintoun, in this
parish, are proclaimed on three several Sabbath days in our church, and
no impediment in the contrar, therefore they desire to be married in
your church of Auchtcrhouse. Ye shall grant them the benefit when-
soever ye shall be required thereto, provided always that he bring with
him in testimonial from minister of Longforgan that they are proclauned
likewise there and nothing objected. Recommending you and all yours,
to the Lord's blessing, — I remain, your loving Brother,
Mr Alexander Bruce.
Testimonial from ^Ir Alexander Milne, of Longforgan —
To all and sundry whom it effeirs, to whose knowledge thir presents
come, we, minister and elders of Longforgan parish, wishing all health and
happiness through Jesus Christ, do testify and declare by thir presents
that the bearer, James Fyffe, of Dron, within the said parish, and
Christian Wintoun, within the parish of Tealing, were, at the minister
of Tealmg's request, lawfully proclaimed in a purpose of marriage at our
church three several Sabbath days, according to the order of the
church, without any impediment or objection, so that if it be thus in
Tealing, we know nothing that may hinder the solemnisation of their
marriage at the parties' desire in time convenient, as pleaseth God to
direct, whilk to be of verity we testify of thir presents. — Written by
John Elder, Notar Scribe to our Session. Subscribed with our hands
as follows, at Longforgan, 10 March.
Signed by Minister for Session.
The granting of testimonials was general throughout the
Church. In all cases of scandal such testimonials were refused.
The preliminaries to marriage were conducted with great gravity^
dignity, and formality. The character of the individuals was
carefully sifted, and examination upon Bible knowledge was in
many instances demanded, also certificates showing that' tht3
parties were diligent attenders upon Divine ordinances, besides
ANGUS PARISH. lOT
those relating to due proclamation, had to be produced. The
tabling of consignation fees was also strictly required.
April 7th, 1650. — On that day there was a fast kept, the
causes thereof as follows : —
Rev. Brother, —The King's Majesty (King Charles I.), who lately
reigned, being now, contrary to the dissent and protestation of the
kingdom, removed by a violent death, the estates of Parliament having
declared and proclaimed the Prince of Scotland and of Wales to be King,
as you may perceive by the enclosed proclamation, and have resolved to
make addresses to him with all possible speed about the things that
concern the security of religion, and of the peace of the kingdom, and
because of the great importance of His Majesty's deposition, and of
these affairs, we hope you shall be careful to deal earnestly with God,
both in private and in public, in behalf of His Majesty who now is ; and
we have now thought fit that a solemn public humiliation be kept on
Thursday, the 22nd of this instant, as for all the sins and provocations
of the land, so to pray the Lord, in a special manner, for these things
following : —
1. That he would deliver the King from evil counsel in which he is
now involved, and teach him in his youth the knowledge of liis
way, that he may fear his name for establishing and advancing
the kingdom of Jesus Christ, and the work of Eeformation.
2. That the Lord will be pleased to bless these addresses that are
now to be made to His Majesty, for the security of religion,
the union betwixt the kingdoms, and the peace and safety of
the kingdom.
3. That he would strengthen and deliver our afflicted brethren in
England, who suffer by the violence and strange practices of
the Sectaries.
4. That he would in his mercy prevent all these calamities and
confusions that the present great revolution of affairs does
threaten these kingdoms with, so hoping that you will be care-
ful to stir up yourselves and others to wrestle with God in such
an exigent, and to intimate the fast timeously, and to keep the
same in your several congregations the foresaid day. VV^e shall
only add that if there be any in your congregation who refuse
to renew the Covenant, and are not excluded by the Act, our
judgment is after you have convened them before you and fourd
them obstinate, that you make public intimation of their names
from your pulpits, as of persons who are disaffected and enemies
108 ANNALS OF AN
to the cause of God, and that you refer them to the uext
General Assembly, till which time you are to sucpeiid them
from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, and from all ecclesias-
tical charge, that so they may be in the same case with those
who are excluded because of the malignancy and accession to
the Engagement. We commend you to His grace, and rest
Your affectionate Brethren,
The Commissioners of the General Assembly.
Mr BoBERT DoiTGiAS, Moderator,
This interesting document is signed by one of the ablest
leaders of the Church at this time. Mr Douglas preached the
sermon previous to the coronation of Prince Charles by the
Marquis of Argyll (January 1st, 1651).
April 14rth, 1650. — The Earl of Buchan was brought before
the congregation this day for not signing the Solemn League
and Covenant. James, Earl of Buchan, did stand up in his
daske, and there declared before the whole congregation that he
was sorry and grieved that he ever did adhere or have any
dealing with those who went up to England in that unlawful
Engagement. Also he did hold up his hand and sware to ye
Covenant and subscribed it.
From the character of Buchan, he doubtless regarded the
whole transaction as a fiasco, as most of the Cavaliers did. It
was the dread of Argyll's " Act of Classes" which brought about
his apparent contrition and submission, rather than the threats
of minister and kirk-session, or regard for the Solemn League
and Covenant.
April 23rd, 1650. — Mr John ^Mignemane, chaplain to the
Master of Gray, being appointed hj Presbytery to preach in our
■church, refused and came not ; so there was no preaching, because
our minister preaching at Tealing, serving Mr John Campbell's
■edict.
This implies that the Presbytery of Dundee was split up into
the two parties of the period — viz., the Eesolutioners and
Protesters. The chaplain here referred to being a Resolutioner,
ANGUS PARISH. 109
would have no dealings with the Auchterhouse Protesters. The
party spirit of the time precluded all ministerial and social
intercourse.
April 23r(l, 1650. — Intimation Avas made from the pulpit
forbidding all and every one in the parish to join with those
rebels who were coming in the Xorth, and that under tlie paiu
of excommunication.
The jSIarquis of Montrose while in the Low Countries was
informed of the execution of the King. The intelligence so
deeply moved him that he resolved to have revenge. Having
met the young King at the Hague, preparations were at once
made for fresh military movements in Scotland. A rising had
already taken place in the North under Mackenzie — a brother
of the Earl of Seaforth— James, Lord Ogilvy, Lord Reay, &c.,
who, with a body of clansmen, had fallen upon the garrison of
Covenanters at Inverness. There was every expectation that
the movement thus begun would spread throughout the Southern
Highlands by the efforts of the disaffected Cavaliers. The
intelligence also that Montrose had landed in Scotland created
great alarm, so that the Covenanting party brought to bear all
the terrors of the Church upon tliose likely to take up arms
under him. In the edicts which were issued he is denounced
as the excommunicated traitor, the unhappy and cursed man,
James Graham, a child of the Devil, and as a man most justly,
if ever any, cast out of the Church of God.
May I'Jth, 1650. — James Swan and William Watson are
appointed to search alehouses in time of sermon. John
Robertson and William Erskine are appointed by session against
the next Sabbath to come before pulpit after they are called in
and make their public repentance for going into England on
that sinful and unlawful Engagement.
It is interesting to observe that the soldiers who had survived
the Engagement and subsequent operations were now returning
to the parish, and as they reappeared were summarily taken to
task for their malignancy, and compelled to surrender and swear
110 ANNALS OF AN
to the Covenant. It is quite evident the Eoyalist cause was
wrecked, and the army well-nigh broken up or disbanded.
May 2nth, 1650. — Intimation was made from pulpit of a
thanksgiving to be kept on the 25th May, being Friday, for a
victory obtained against the common enemy in the laud ; also,
there were sundry papers read from the pulpit concerning a
victory in the North, and of taking some prisoners.
Friday, May 25th, 1650. — There was a thanksgiving kept
for the victory the Lord hath given unto us in the North by
overthrowing of our enemies, in putting them to flight, and in
taking so many prisoners.
The ^Marquis of Montrose had landed in Orkney with a body
of foreign auxiliaries to make one more attempt on behalf of the
Stewarts, after the great reverse of Philiphaugh. The enter-
prise ruinously collapsed, as his forces were completely routed
by Strachan's cavalry at Invercarron. After many adventures
and hardships amid the Northern wilds and solitudes, he was
driven to seek shelter from a former adherent, Macleod of
Assynt. By Macleod he was made prisoner, and by General
David Leslie's orders placed under escort to be taken to
Edinburgh. On the way he passed through Dundee under a
strong guard. By the inhabitants of the town he was received
with marked respect and sympathy. His treatment was of a
severe character on the march, for " he sat upon a little shelty
horse without a saddle ; but a quilt of rags and straw and
pieces of ropes for stirrups, his feet fastened under the horse's
belly with a tether, and a bit halter for a bridle, a ragged, old,
dark reddish plaid, and a moutier cap upon his head, a musketeer
on each side, and his fellow-prisoners on foot after him." He
was delivered up to the Covenanting Government, and the
sentence to be condemned, hanged, and quartered was carried
out with barbarous severity. Thus terminated the strangely
romantic and meteor-like career of the great Marquis, the first
historical personage of his day in Scotland, and, in the
estimation of many, the solitary hero of his times. His
ANGUS PARISH. Ill
personal appearance is thus described by Wishart : — " He Avas
not very tall, nor much exceeding a middle stature, but of
^n exceedingly strong composition of body and an incredible
force, joined with an excellent proportion and fine features.
His hair was of a dark-brown colour, his complexion sanguine,
•of a quick and piercing grey eye. He was a man of a very
princely carriage and excellent address. He was a complete
horseman, and had a singular grace in riding. -He was of a
most resolute and undaunted spirit." Although the most con-
spicuous figure throughout the civil war, the unflinching foe of
the whole policy of Argyll and the ultra-Presbyterians, directly
responsible for much of the misery and bloodshed which
accompanied those unhappy times, besides unquestionably
imbued with an unconquerable ambition, which to a great
•extent led him to attach himself to the reckless policy of the
•Stewarts, nevertheless Montrose possessed many qualities of an
exceptionally high order. The resignation with which he
confronted his melancholy fate ; his heroism, noble bearing,
and magnanimity, which truly shed a lustre over the dark
scenes with which his stormy career terminated, have never
failed to elicit the profoundest admiration. Unmoved by all
the unpardonable insults and cruelties of vindictive partisans,
he quitted himself like a man, and faced death with heroic
fortitude. The night before his execution he inscribed the
ioUowing lines with a diamond upon the window of his cell : —
" Let them bestow' on every airth a limb,
Then open all my veins, that I may swim
To Thee, my Maker, in that crimson lake j
Then place my purboil'd head upon a stake,
Scatter my ashes — strew them in the air —
Lord ! since Thou knowest where all these atoms are,
I'm hopeful Thou'lt recover once my dust,
And confident Thou'lt raise me witli tlie just."
The capture of the great soldier who had so often, by his
military exploits, filled the people with alarm, was, according to
112 ANNALS OF AN
the custom of the period, followed by a thanksgiving service
throughout the kingdom.
June 8tli, 1G50. — It was condescended upon that there should
be a school built for young ones.
June 19th, 1650. — The minister forewarned all those wha
had not subscribed the Covenant that they should do it next
Sabbath, and those who would not do that, that notice might be
taken of them.
June 23rd, 1650. — On that day there was intimation made
out of pulpit for a fast to be kept on Sunday, 7th July.
July 1650. — John Petrie and his wife Jean were before
session for breaking of Sabbath day in flyting and scolding each
other, ^or which they were ordained to come before the pulpit
next Sabbath, and make their public repentance and pay the
penalty.
July 7th, 1650. — In quoting from this record we shall adhere
to the spelling of the 17th century.
On that day there vas a fast keepit. The cawses thereof are
cawses of a publick and solemne Humiliation appointed bee the
Commissione of the Generall Assemblie to be keepit through all
the congregations of the church, vpon the last day of June
instant. Edinburgh, thee 21 of June 1650.
The Lord's dispensations hath often called this land ta
humiliation and fasting, sumtyms by the fear of snars, sumtyms
by threatened violence, but the grounds of this holds foorth
ane eminent degree of both these as a fruit of many misspent
and abused solemne occasions ; and although wee have no
occasione to faint or cast away owr confidence in any difficultie,
yet vee conceive it becoms all thee Lord's people throughout
this Kingdome seriously to bee humbled for these cawses
following : —
1. The gryt danger the land and vork of reformation are
into by the sudden and vnexpected approaching of the sectarean
forces in our neighbour Kingdom of Ingland, vhich as it is.
vithout all cawse of provocation from vs, and inconsistent with
ANGUS PARISH. 113
thee oath of God in the Solemne League and Covenant and the
large Treattie betwixt thee nations, so except the Lord prevent
it, it threattns no lesse nor thee mine of this Kingdoiue and
obstrowing of the vork of God vithin thee same.
[Cromwell had now resolved to invade Scotland. The
invasion had been delayed and hostilities averted by the
repudiation of the Engagement by the new administration.
The young King having, however, landed in Scotland, the
army of Cromwell advanced to drive him from the country, and
to deal with the Scottish Covenanters, who were opposed to the
execution of King Charles I. by the Republican leaders, and still
maintained their sympathies for the fallen Monarchy.]
2. The present distressed estat of thee people of God in
Ingland, now groaning under the tirrany of that partie, vhich
should the more affect us, seing, if Providence doeth not
othervayes dispose, ere long we ourselves may be browght to
the lyk or vorse extremitie.
3. Besyd the danger vee ourselves are in besyd that partie
from Ingland, vee are not vithout the reach of hazard from thd
malignant paitie vhose inveterat malice against the work of
God holds them on to perse w the same desings hitherto by the
blessing of God disappointed.
[All those who had shared in the Engagement had either been
suspended from church privileges or been excommunicated.
Those who had refused to sign the Covenant or had broken their
vows were recognised as enemies of the Reformation. This
party was known by the designation of " Malignants," a term
which frequently occurs throughout the proclamations of this
exciting period.]
4. Notwithstanding all the imminent dangers thee land
layes in — securitie, ignorance, profanitie, and formalitie — litel
conscience is made of the oath of God in our solemne vows,
the guiltiness of shortcoming quharin and the breaches thereof
before the Lord pleads against rulers, ministers, and souldiers,and
people of all sort, besyd thee gi'yt vnthankfulnesse for mercies
I
114 ANNALS OF AN
old and late, and the gryt abounding of sorcerie so common in
many paris of this kingdome. "We are therefore to pray
1. That God vould keep vs from thee danger of (the Sectarian
army) drawing towards our border, that vee may neither bee in-
fected bee their errors nor harmed by their violence, and that Hee
vould disapoint all their designs against this land and the vorke
of God, and brak the yoak from of the necks of his people in
our neighbour Kingdome.
2. That Hee vould purge the land from profanitie, malig-
nancie, and all other sins, stire vp all sorts to their dutie, direct
and blisse them in it, for thee furtherance of his vork and
defence of his people, and that He may keep vs streight theirine
that enemies get no advantage by our declyning from thee
Covenant, either to the right hand or to the left.
3. That Hee vould shew mercie to owr King, and cawse his
vrath to cease from his father's house, and blesse the labours of
our Commissionars vith him in bringing that treatie to such a
solide close, as vee may be keeped from sin and snares, and hee
brought to his throne, as may bee for the good of religione and
comfort of his people.
[In 1649, Commissioners had been despatched from Scotland
to Holland to negotiate personally with the young King. Xo
satisfactory terms could be effected Avith him, however, owing to
the influence of Montrose, and others of the Cavalier and
Malignant party. In 1 650, Commissioners were again sent to
Breda, and the young King at length agreed to accept the terms
of the Covenanters. The defeat and capture of ]\Iontrose, and
the hopelessness of raising a revolt in Scotland, brought about
his surrender. Accompanied by the General Assembly's Com-
missioners, and a considerable number of worthless, dissolute old
Cavaliers, he accordingly landed in Scotland oh the 16th June
1650, near the Spey, and advanced to Stirling, where he was
received by the leaders of the Scottish nobility.]
4. That as hitherto the Lord has been ever for a defence to
thee Assemblies of his Church, so hee vould be pleased
ANGUS PARISH. 115
graciously to countenance this insewiug Geuerall Assemblie,
both in the gathering and proceiding thereof.
28th July. — On Sunday their vere intimatione made out of
the pulpit of a fast to be keepit, the causes are these quilk vere
continued in the last fast.
September 12th, 1650. — At Stirling a solemue declaration
and yarning to all thee congregations of the Kirk of Scotland
from the Comraissione of the Generall Assemblie.
Albeit the Lord, vhose judgments are unsearchable, and
vhose vays are past finding out, has brought the land verie low
vnder thee hands of a prevailing enemie, yet most not vee bee
silent to declare the mynd of God, nor others refuse to harken
thereto ; it ver sup [superfluous] to give answer to the many
calumnies and reproches that wer layed abroad, for albeit in
every thing vee cannot justifie the condine punishment of this
armie, yet vee hold to our duetie not to believe gi-oundlesse
repentance, but rather to eye the Lord and to look to the hand
that smytes them, and therefore in that pairt vee exhort and
varne all the inhabitants in the land to search out their
iniquities and to be humble before the Lord, that he may
turne avay his wrath from vs. The Lord hath voundcd and
chastised us sore, quilk says that our iniquities are many and
our sins are increased. It concerns the King to mourne for the
preivous provocations of his father's house, for all his own
guiltinesses, and to consider that if hee hawe com vnto
the Covenant and joyned himsellfe vnto the Lord upon
polytike maters more for gaining himselfe a crown rather
than to advance religione and right, that is ane iniquitie quhilk
God vill not forget vnlesse it be speidily repented of. It
concerns also ovr nobles and judges to try vhither their carriage
in publick maters be streight and equall, or rather favour in
seeking themselves and the things of this vorld, and how they
valk in their privat conversationc. Their is in many a gryt
deale of pervernesse and incorigiblenesse in regaird of forsaken
sume sins and performing sume dueties, notvithstanding publick
116 ANNALS OF AN
professions and ingadgments, and this cannot bnt highlie provoke
thee Lord ; and it concerns tlie officers of the arraie, especiallie
these vho are chieffe among them, to veigh veill quhat the Lord
has against them, and to repent of their diffidence and carnall
vay of acting and vndervaluing of God's people ; (the brethren)
has also neid to search themselves and examine themselves as
to their religions dueties, even among themselves there is much
negligence and unfaithfulnesse to bee found, for which God is
angry. Albeit the Lord has suffered that armie of perfidious
and blasphemous sectaries to prevail, yet God forbid that
thee land shovld complay vith them quhat ever may bee
thee plausible and faire cariage of their land armie, yet doubtlesse
their is a leaven of hospitalitie and error among them, all quilk
the lowers of truth vowld avoid and discerne as thee Lord has
tryed the stabilitie and integritie of his people in the land
heirtofore by the provayling of Sectaries, and soe vee trust that
they vill think it their duetie and commendatione to prove sted-
f ast no less against the one than against the other. Xeithcr void
men be lesse cairfull and active in opposing this concerning than
they have been in oposing Malignants heirtofore ; our religione,
liberties, and lyves are in as gryt hazard now adayes as ever.
All the ordinances of Jesus Christ are in danger, and the founda-
tione lyke to bee overturned by these men who are obliest by
these of them to maintaine all those. And it vere gryt
guiltenesse to ly downne and crowch under the strange impossi-
bilities they vould lay on vs, and as men vithout heart to suffer
our land to be browght in bondage and our selves to bee robbed
of all these things quilk are most precious and deare to vs. If
vee void doe so, the Lord void be angry vith vs, and our
posteritie void curse vs.
Yee void" not think that all dangers from malignancie seeing
their are a gryt many such vho yet returne their former principals,
and therefore vee void vith as much vatchfulnesse and tender-
nesse as ever avoid their snaris, and bevare of complying or
conjuctions with them, and take head that vnder a pretence of
ANGUS PARISH. 117
doing for the cawse and for the King they get not power in to
their hands for advancing and promoweing their old malignant
desingis. Doubtlosse, our saftie is to their first and former
principalis, keiping a streight path vithout declining either to
the reight hand or to the left. Secondly, it concerns all the
inhabitants in the land to bee vare of murmuring and complain-
ing against God's dispensatione, and questioning the truth of our
cawse, of quarrelling vith God, or bleaming or casting of the
Covenant because of any thing that has befallen ; that vere a
gryt iniquitie not to be pardoned. Let vs beare the indignations
of the Lord. Mich 7. Postscrip.
It is also seriously desired that yee vil be instant vith God in
your prayers, both privat and publick, that Hee void preserve us
the ordinances of Jesus Christ, the kingdome . . . the
King's Majesties persone, and the ministrie from the furie of
this enemie, vho is seeking the overthrow of all.
This peculiarly vigorous and incisive proclamation was
issued after the disastrous battle of Dunbar, fought on the 3rd
September 1650, in Avhich Cromwell completely defeated the
Covenanting army under General David Leslie. The shattered
Scottish army afterwards rallied at Stirling, from which town
this proclamation was issued.
[" Their vere sundrie Acts vreatin in another book, quilk ves
taken away bee the enemie quhan they stormed the towne of
Dundee,"]
This note is of considerable interest. It must have been made
subsequent to this time, because Dundee was not stormed by
Monk till August 1651. The book referred to may have been
conveyed with other property, such as communion plate, for safety
to Dundee, or it may have been removed during a raid of
Monk's troopers. Most probably it was lost or destroyed during
the siege. Everything of value was either.destroyed or removed
by the English soldiers at this time. The material collected
within the town was immense, and the plunder was estimated
by Balfour at above two millions and a half Scots. Monk's
118 ANNALS OF AN
chaplain admits that it was " the best plunder that was gotten
in the wars."
Sunday, September 22nd. — Their vas a Fast keapit and
Thursday following, the cawses are these following : —
The cawses of a publicke humiliatione vpon the defat of our
armie. [Battle of Dunbar.] Albeit solerane publicke humilia-
tione hawe been much slighted and gone about in a formal vay
be many in this land, so that its not one of the least of our
provocations that vee hawe drawen near vnto God vith our
mowths, and keeped our harts fare avay from Him, for quhilk
the Lord has turned the visdome of the vise unto foly and the
strength of the strong vnto veaknesse ; yet, seeing its a dutie
that often hes proven comfortable to vs, and to quhilk now God
calls us in a special vay by a singular peece of dispensatione,
and knowing that all that are acquainted vith God vill make
conscience of it, vee conceive its expedient that thee whole
land bee humbled for these cawses following : —
1. The continued ignorance and profanes of the whole body
of the land, and the obstinacie and incorrigiblenes of many,
notwithstanding of the pains God has taken vpon us by His
vord, and by His vorks of mercy and judgments to teach in
the knowledge of His name and to informe vs of the evil of our
vayes.
2. The manifold provocations of the King's bowse, quhilk
vee feare are not repented of nor forsaken bee him vnto this
day, together vith the crooked and precipited vayes vhich vere
taken by sundrie of the statsmen for caring on the treattie with
the King.
3. The bringing home vith tlie King a gryt many malignants,
and endevovring to keep svme of them about him, and many of
them vithine the kingdome, notvithstanding of publick resolu-
tions to the contrarie.
4. The not purging of the King's familie from malignant and
profane men, and constituting the same of godly and veill
affected persones, albeit it has been often pressed vpon the
ANGUS PARISH. 119
Parliament and Committee of Ei^tates and. vndertaken and
promised to bee performed by them.
5. The leawing of a most malignant and profane gaird of
horse men to bee about the King, and vho being sent to bee
purged, cam two dayes before the defatte, and were suffered to
bee and feight in our armie.
6. The exceiding slacknesse of many, and aversnesse and
untowardnesse of svme in the chieffe Judicatories in the king-
dome and in the armie in their conversations and publick
dueties, especialle in these things quilk concern the purging of
the Judicatories and of the armie from malignant and infamous
persons, and filling all places of power and trust vith men of
knawen integritie, and of blamelesse and Christian conversation
(portion of MS. here obliterated).
7. The exceiding gryt diffidence of some of the chiefe of
our armie and them among us vho thought vee could not
be sawe (i.e., safe) but by a numberlesse armie, and vhen
they had gotten many thousands together vowld not hazard
anything, notwithstanding God afforded many faire opportuni-
ties and advantages, and fitted the spirits of the souldiers to
duetie.
[From this statement it appears that General David Leslie
and the other Scottish officers were blamed for the defeat at
Dunbar. It is well-known, however, that the battle was lost to
the Covenanters by the incessant interference of the foolish and
fanatical clergy — who accompanied the army — with the military
tactics of Leslie. They refused to leave the camp ; they even
compelled him to dismiss a division of his best fighting men
simply because they were understood to be tainted with
malignancy and other obnoxious qualities; they persistently
harrassed him with their frivolous harangues, and were so
clamorous in their demands for an immediate attack upon the
enemy, that at length Leslie's attitude of caution and patience
■was abandoned. Leaving his commanding position, he executed
that false movement which ultimately changed the fortunes of
120 ANNALS OF AN
the war, and led Cromwell to say — " Now the Lord hath
delivered them into our hands."]
8. The carnal confidence that was in many in the armie
despising the enemie and promising the victoria to themselues
Avithout the eying of God.
9. The lowsnesse, insolcncies, and oppressiones of many in
the armie and the litle or no care that vas taken to helpe the
cawse, by quhilk it is come to passe that very much of the food
of the poore people in the land has been needlessly destroyed.
And vhile vee remember of the profanitie and oppression of
sundrie of our officers and souldiers in Ingland, vhile vee vera
feighten for the Parliament in that Kingdome may not bee for-
gotten. Because, as it vas a gryt matter of stumbling to many
in that land, so its lyk that it is one of thee cawses of the
Lord's indignatione manifestit against vs by the hands of these
men.
10. The our gryt vnthankfulnesse for many mercies and
deliverances, and ewen for many tokens of the Lord's fawoure
and goodnesse tovards our armie vhile they vere together, and
the gryt impatience of spirit vhich vas to be seen in many these
vceiks past, quhilk mad them limet the Lord, and to complaine
and vearie of his delay to give deliverance.
11. The owning and eying the King's quarrel and interest in
many vithout full consideration to religione, and the libertie
and savetie of these Kingdoms.
12. The carnal selfe-seeking and croked vaj'es of sundrie in
our Judicatories or armies vlio mak their places and employments
rather a mater of increasing of fame and of preferment to them-
selves than of advancing of religione and righteousnesse in the
land.
13. The not puting of difference betwixt these that served
God and those that served Him not, for services or imployments
accounting all men alike.
14. The exceeding gryt neglect that is in gryt ones and over
many in performing in dewties in their famelies, notwithstand-
ANGUS PARISH. 121
ing of our former pleine acknowleging of this sin, as also theo
neglect of the meanes of mutual edificatione, and our unfruitful-
nesse and barrennes that is among all sorts of persons, vith a
gryt deal of mixture of carnall securitie.
July 22nd, 1650. — James Nickle gave in his bill of complaint
against Margaret Tasker (his mother), following unto your
Wisdome's humble means and complaints : —
I, James Nickle, upon Margaret Tasker, who has calumniat
me with her tongue by making me the father of ane lie in
saying that I should say to My Lord and Lady Buchau that she
had two sons who were abel soldiers for the wars. Also, she
abused me with her tongue by banning and swearing and
cursing, and saying that " bee God I leed, limmer" ; so I
humbly entreate your wisdome to do me reasonnc.
This is a very amusing complaint made by a son against his
mother, who, to judge from the record, was somewhat of a
termagant. It is not recorded what punishment Margaret
Tasker received. Most likely she would be cautioned to be
piore careful in the future, and not use such strong language to
her highly-sensitive son James,
September 1st, 1650. — The preparation sermon before Com-
munion was preached by Mr William Japhray, Chaplain to
Earl of Buchan. On that day the people were advertised to
come at 10 hours in the morning.
This was the service held on Saturday previous to the
Communion. Sacramental fasts were imknown at this time.
October 28th, 1650. — John Mouteith, James Christie, Thomas
Mann, Burnhead ; James Swan, Newton, were before session
to undertake charge to be Elders and Deacons, which they
consented to do, and the minister ordained them to be present
on next Sabbath, 4 November, that they might give their
oaths of fidelity before the whole congregation.
Nothing is said to imply that the elders of this period had to
subscribe to any Confession of Faith. They were simply
required to promise to act faithfully as parochial authorities,
122 ANNALS OF AN
members of a churcli court, and administrators of discipline
along with the minister.
November 12th, 1650. — The minister did require at the
elders at what time they thought fittest to examine the people,
and that there was an Act of Assembly appointing minister to
examine a day every week.
Thursday, November 14th, 1650. — James Rodger, in Kirkton
of Auchterhouse, being an elder in session, was discharged
thereof by his own desire and by the consent of the session,
because he could not conveniently keep the meeting, in respect
he had none to govern his house and family except himself, for
he had not a wife.
The minister warned people to go to the church of Lundie
next Lord's Day, because he was to preach there. On that day
a fast was kept, the causes thereof are as follows :•—
1. Because of malignity, deadness, lukewarmness of most
pairts in respect of cause and work of God in this land, which
makes us far short of that zeal and ferventness which becomes
us, and which the Lord ought to have expected at our hands
this day.
2. Because of a dead and lifeless ministry of late of the
Lord's mercy discovered, which hath been the source and
fountain of all our former evils.
3. Because of the desolate state and case of several large por-
tions of the country being starved by dry-breasted ministers this
long time byegone, and are now Avandering like sheep without
shepherds, and witnesseth no sense of scauth.
4. Because of the frequent scandal of witches and charmers
in the part of the land, we are to supplicate the Lord that he
would enlighten and incline ministers and people, and fill their
hearts with more zeal to God and zeal to His truth, that the love
of God may constrain us all to mak more conscience of our
engagments, and to pray that ministers and people may fall in
love with Christ, and that more earnest desires may flow from
wanting people for the means of their supply ; and, finally, that
ANGUS PARISH. 123
the Lord would discover here all the work of Satan as he has
begun to do in other places of the land, and bless all means that
are and shall be for that effect.
l^"ovember 18th, 1650. — Isabel Petrie, in the Newtoun of
Auchterhouse, was before the session for the breaking of the
" glassin window" on that day the communion was given. W^icu
she was without in the kirkyaird sleeping her held fell through
on the window and broke the glass.
Glass was most expensive and seldom used in those days.
Windows were not generally made of glass, but were simply
wooden shutters, which might be opened or shut when required.
The " glassin window" was an important feature in the church,
and the replacing of it must have been a serious matter for the
unfortunate Isabel.
4th Sunday of December 1651. — There was no preaching
because of the storm of snow, and the kirk door could not be
gotten open.
March 11th, 1652. — The minister warned the people of Bal-
beuchlie and Templeton to come at 10 hours to be examined.
May 2nd, 1652. — Mrs Kobertson, in the Bonniton, was before
the session for charming of her child, by going from the
Bonniton to the Kirkton well and washing her daughter's eyes
there, and saying : —
" Fish beare fin and fuUe beare gall,
All ye ill of my bairn's eyen in ye wall fall. "
The minister having heard her confession, found it necessary to
take no action until he had brought her case before the Pres-
bytery on the 22nd May.
Mrs Kobertson and Janet Fyffe, who had taught her how
to charm the child, were appointed to sit on the stool of repent-
ance, in sackcloth, ay till they be penitent.
July 18th, 1652. — Janet Fyffe made her public repentance
before the pulpit for learning Mrs Robertson to charm her
child, and whereas Mrs Robertson should have done the
124 ANNALS OF AN
same, it pleased the Lord before that time to call upon her'
by death.
Charming, like witchcraft, was one of the curious beliefs of
this period. Every form of bodily and mental distress was
generally ascribed by people, then so imbued with superstition
and unlimited credulity, to the influence of evil spirits and-
certain diabolical agencies. The terror inspired by the Evil
One was overpowering. For every ill that happened he
Avas solely responsible. Moving to and fro in every conceivable
form, all and sundry were at his mercy. Many remedies were
discovered and reckoned to be thoroughly efficacious in
charming away his wicked machinations. Many people had
also profound confidence in the miracle-working power of certain
old women in the country, whose advice was eagerly sought in
all cases of bodily distress. Nothing could be done Avithout
solemn consultation with the local witches. No matter how
absurd the proscriptions they recommended, they were at once
complied with as infallible. Visits to sacred wells were in
much favour, and during the Avashing process curious incanta-
tions were repeated, Avhich Avere understood to promote
resistance to the enemy, and the healing virtues of the
Avell. At one time there was a strong superstitious belief in
the healing properties of the Lady Well near the village. It
had been formerly dedicated to the Virgin, hence its name.
The Avell was situated at the north-east corner of the glebe,
and there still exists an excellent spring at the same spot. It
was alleged to have been much frequented in olden times by
witches and charmers.
August 9th, 1652. — It Avas disputed in the session Avhether
the collections contributed at marriage should come to the box
or to church officer, and the elders, Avith one consent, voted
that the beadle should have it.
Collections for beadles at marriages long prevailed. When
the practice of marrying in private dwellings became somcAvhat
general, the minister Avas always accompanied by the beadle, for
ANGUS PARISH. 125
whose benefit a special collection was made by the company^r
This was in compensation for the loss of his fees through the
breaking of the law.
Elders were enjoined to make strict search of alehouses on
Sundays.
January 6th, 1653. — The minister did intimate to session of
two collections Avhich are to be gathered — the one for a
prisoner, and the other for two men taken by Turks in town
of Algiers.
Collections for all sorts and conditions of men were frequently
made. The collection for prisoner doubtless refers to some
victim of the civil war, and the other may be explained by the
fact that the Mediterranean at this time swarmed with pirates,
into whose hands Scottish merchants and sailors frequently fell.
It was, however, not unusual for impostors to represent them-
selv(;s as victims of the Turks, as it often proved efficacious in
exacting sympathy.
June 13th, 1653. — The session condescends that so soon as the
minister gets money from my Lord Buchan to buy communion
elements, he should delay no time in giving it.
This entry is of much importance, and clearly shows to what
an absurd length the controversial spirit of the times had been
carried. The church in 1651 had been rent by the violent
conflicts between the Eesolutioners and Protesters. After the
battle of Dunbar, the party known henceforth as the Eesolutioners
wanted to modify or rescind the Act of Classes, and thus en-
deavour to unite the country and present a solid opposition to
Cromwell. Their aim was to effect a compromise, and adopt a
policy of expediency in the national crisis. The uncompromising
Covenanters, henceforth known as Protesters, however, refused
to come to terms with the Malignants. So strongly did feeling
run between the rival parties, that the communion was not
observed for years in many parishes. The Protesters refused to
sit down at the communion Avith any of the Malignants. Mr
Wemyss, as a stubborn Covenanter and Protester, would have
126 ANNALS OF AN
no communion celebrated, in which the Earl of Buchan and
other parochial Malignants desired to join.
September 6th, 1653. — Marjoria Thain and James Haliburton
were before session for these speaches in saying that they would
raise the Devill for the cloaths stolen from them if they got
them not again. Confessing before the session, they were
ordained to compeare before the Presbytery Wednesday come
eight days.
September 13th, 1653. — That day compeared Jean Vialant,
in Rossie, before the session for taking upon her to reveal goods
stolen by the airt that she had, and confessed that she got the
ells of linen from Marjory Tljain to dee the same. Being
accused upon it, answered that ye woman blamed one James
Halliburton, whom she would neither fyle nor cleange. Andrew
Tliain, in Kirkton, being present and examined as a witness,
deponed in face of the session, and declared that he heard her
say — " By the knowledge that I have, and the airts that God has
given me, that James Halliburton was the conveyer away of the
goods." She is ordained to answer session by advertisement.
November 7th. — That day James Halliburton made his public
repentance before the congregation for those blasphemous
speaches in saying that he would raise the Devill if he got not
amends of Marjory Thain for alleging he was the conveyer away
of her goods stolen from her.
In 1655, the Rev. Mr Wemyss, minister of the parish, died.
From the numerous entries which occur in the parochial records
during his ministry, he appears to have been a man of consider-
able zeal and energy. There is clear evidence also of the fact
that he was a good examj^le of the somewhat inquisitive,
superstitious, and fanatical clergy of his age.
He was succeeded by the Rev. James Auchinleck, formerly
of Kettins, on the 30th July 1656. While minister of Kettins
he was brought before the General Assembly, upon an accusation
of having been a defender of the doctrine of universal grace, but
was acquitted of the charge of heresy.
ANGUS PARISH. 127
The following entry regarding his appointment to this
parish is of ecclesiastical interest, as it distinctly implies that
the right of election of minister lay with the session, with
the concurrence of the Presbytery : —
Sunday, May 1st, 1656. — Whilk day, after incalling of the
nam of God bee Mr William Gray, minister at Fowlis, who
haveing preached, and thereafter holden sessione, it being
ilesired bee the said sessione that he should represent unto the
Presbytery of Dundie their desir for obtaining the Presbytery's
concurrence for planting a settled minister amongst them. After
the said Mr "William haveing taken the particular voices of
everie one of the members of the said sessione did find that
their desire vas to haue Mr James Auchinleck to be their
settled minister, and vas thaireby desired bee the sessione to
entreat the Presbytery to giue thair concurrence with the
sessione to giue a call to the said Mr James. Lykas the
sessione heirby bee their presents giues him a call, and does
heirby commissiouat David Rodger and Mester Alexander
Ductor to goe alongs to the Presbytery for that effect. In
vitness vhereof thair presents are subscribed bee the sessione
day and place foresaid.
BUCHANNE.
Al. Ductor. ^J the Act of 1649, when any church
■D TT . Y became vacant, the Presbytery appointed one
of their number to preach to the congrega-
tion and entreat the members to provide themselves with a
qualified pastor. He was also instructed to signify that the
Presbytery would send them preachers whom they might hear.
Within a certain specified time the Presbytery sent one of their
number to preach, and thereafter the session proceeded to elect
a minister. If the people acquiesced and consented to this
appointment. Commissioners proceeded to the Presbytery,
intimated their choice, whereupon the Presbytery proceeded to
admit him. If objections were lodged by the major part of
the congregation against the appointment, and these were
128 ANNALS OF AN
sustained by the Presbytery, a new election followed. When-
ever a congregation was malignant, the Presbytery appointed
the minister.
November 30th, 1656. — There was an Act passed by the
session that because some were importunate for baptism in
forenoon, and the session finding that none of those people came
back to afternoon sermon, it was ordained that none desire their
children to be baptised before sermon unless they pay 30sh. The
sacrament of baptism had to be administered in the face of the
congregation, that what Avas spoken and done might be heard
and seen of all, and administered after sermon, before the
blessing. Private baptisms were and are still strictly opposed
to the law of the church.
March 21st, 1658.— The minister, the Rev. Mr Auchinleck,
reported that the Presbytery had given commission to Mr
William Gray and the minister to speak to my Lord and Lady
Buchan anent their servant, Mrs Douglas, that they would cause
her to attend God's service on the Lord's day, or else dismiss
her. They promised to do so.
Nov. 2nd, 1662. — Delated to the session, Patrick Gallants
and David Smith, for their irreverent and scandalous carriage in
the church by cnrsin' and fechtin' in time of service.
These two disturbers of divine service afterwards appeared
and paid ilk ane o' them six shillings.
According to an Act of the reign of King James VI. all
swearers of abominable oaths were to be fined and punished as
follows : — For the first fault, every prelate of kirk or lord, four
shillings ; a baron or beneficed man constituted in dignity
ecclesiastical, twelve pennies ; a landed man, freeholder, vassal,
feuar, buyer, and small beneficed man, six pennies ; the poor
folks that have no gear, to bo put in stocks, Jongs, or imprisoned
for the space of four hours; and women to be weighed and
considered according to their blood, and estate of their parties
they are coupled with. For the second fault, every prelate,
earl, or lord, audit shillings ; every baron or beneficed man in
ANGUS PARISH. 129
dignity, twa shillings; every landed man, vassal, feuar, and
small beneficed man, twelve pennies ; and every craftsman,
yeoman, or servant, audit pennies ; the space of the poor folks'
imprisonment to be doubled. For the third fault, the said
second pains to be doubled ; and for the fourth and last fault,
the offenders to be banished, or put in ward for the space of a
year and day, at the King's will.
It was also ordained that whatsoever person makes pertur-
bation or impediment in the kirk, and will not desist therefrom,
shall incur the pains as after follows : — For the first fault, a
prelate, earl, or lord, ten pound ; a baron or person constituted
in dignity ecclesiastical, five pound ; a vassal, freeholder, burgess,
or small beneficed man, forty shillings ; and poor folks that
have nae gudes to be put in prison for fifteen days, to fast on
bread and water ; and for the second fault the doubling thereof ;
and for the third fault, warding of their persons or banishing
for year and day. Bairns that perturb the kirk to be leished.
In 1661 Episcopacy was re-established in Scotland. The
Solemn League and Covenant, which had been accepted by
King Charles II., 16th August 1650, was now repudiated by
him on his restoration. It was declared to be illegal by
Parliament, and copies of it were ordered to be burned. An
absolute despotism and reign of terror followed. The King was
declared by his minions supreme in all matters civil and
ecclesiastical. All the laws in favour of civil liberty and the
Presbyterian Church were swept away, in defiance of former
solemn compacts, and the way accordingly made clear for a
Prelatic ascendancy. The next step was the seizure, condem-
nation, and removal by execution of the great Argyll, and other
distinguished Presbyterian leaders and preachers. A new Privy
Council was created for the management of Scottish afiairs, the
most important of which was the carrying out of the King's
resolution to interpose his Koy.d authority for restoring the
Church of Scotland to government by Bishops. Prelacy was
thus proclaimed solely upon the authority of the King, notwith-
130 ANNALS OF AN
standing all remonstrances. In the beginning of 1662, a pro-
clamation was issued prohibiting all meetings of Synods,
Presbyteries, and Sessions, unless by the orders of the newly-
appointed Bishops. This was a greater blow than that inflicted
in the reign of King James, for these courts continued to meet
at that time, although presided over by a constant Moderator.
Within a few months, by reason of such grossly unconstitutional
and tyrannical enactments, nearly four hundred ministers were
ejected from their livings. They were as speedily as possible
replaced by Episcopalians, and from the testimony of one of
their own Prelates, they were not generally a class of men likely
to win the respect of their parishioners. According to Bishop
Burnett, the new incumbents were generally very mean and
despicable, the worst preachers he ever heard, ignorant to a
reproach, many of them so openly vicious that they were a
disgrace to their orders and the sacred functions, and in all
respects simply the dregs and refuse of the Northern parts.
This explains the Act of 1661, by which it was ordained that
each minister who shall blaspheme, swear, or curse, or who shall
drink to excess, shall be fined in the fifth part of his year's
stipend. The dissolute and licentious character of many of the
Prelatic presentees was at least well exemplified in the
individual appointed to this parish as successor to the Rev. Mr
Auchinleck.
June 15th, 1664. — Mr James Camj)bell presented to the
Presbytery a letter fi-om the Bishop of Dunkeld for entering
him on his trials in reference to the Church of Auchterhouse.
The Presbyterie prescribed him a common heid.
On Mr Campbell passing his secondary trials before the
Presbytery of Meigle, the Countess of Buchan (widow of the
late Earl) sent a letter to them in December 1 664, begging that
the usual testimonial might be delayed. After being thrice in
the pillare, and upon evident signs of his repentance, he was
absolvit. He received his certificate on the 29th March, and
was ordained 29th September.
ANGUS PARISH. 131
December 1665. — The Presbytery hearing that Mr James
Campbell, minister at Aughterhouse, had fallen in fornication
with dam Marjorie Ramsay, Countess of Buchan, did pas him
thereanent, who confessed fornication with the Countess of
Buchan, was humbled before his brethren, and was ordained to
remove the scandal at Aughterhouse according to the order of
the church, the whilk day the Presbytery did suspend Mr
James until the next Synod of Dunkeld, having received a letter
from the Right Reverend Father-in-God, Bishop of Dunkeld,
his ordinar, to that effect, and inhibit the same Mr James to
judgment the place of Aughterhouse. Mr James being asked
by the Moderator, in name of his brethren, by whom and before
which witnesses his child was baptised, answered that he baptised
it himself in David Robertson's house, before those witnesses
David Robertson, Helen Shepherd, and Margaret Grantur.
The Countess of Buchan being this day in Dundee, sent to the
Presbytery humbly desiring that some of their number might
be sent to her to take her confession, whereupon the Presbytery
appointed Mr John Gourlay, Mr Robert Edward, Mr Thomas
Kinnear to go and take her confession, who, returning, reported
that the Countess of Buchan confessed to them her scandal of
fornication, and siibmitting herself to the church discipline.
Mr William Skinner appointed to preach at Auchterhouse
the next day, and after sermon, before the blessing, to intimat
Mr James Campbell his suspension from his ministry till the
next synod of Dunkeld, and also to rebuke him publicly for his
scandal of fornication from pulpit.
December. — Mr William Skinner, Moderator of the Presby-
tery of Dundee, having preached, intimated to the congregation
Mr James Campbell his suspension from serving the calling of
the ministry till the Synod Assembly of Dundee, for one
fornication committed betwixt him and dam Marjorie, Countess
of Buchan, for the quhilk, by the said Presbytery's orders, he
began his repentance on the pillare, sat both sermons, and is
exhorted to repentance.
132 ANNALS OF AN
December 24th. — Mr James Campbell for one fornication
being thrice in the pillare, upon evident signs of his repentance
was absolvit. In consequence of further misconduct he was
suspended on liis own confession till next Synod ; but upon
evident signs of his repentance he was absolvit from the
pillare. Mr Andrew Oliphant is ordained to preach at Aughter-
house upon Sabbath come 8 days, and to absolve Mr James
Campbell. He thereupon retired from the charge. On the
14th February 1666 the church was proclaimed vacant.
December 21st. — That day the Countess of Buchan, for ane
fornication committed with Mr James Campbell, her chaplain,
began her repentance. Mr Andrew Evertis appointed to preach
at Aughterhouse the last of December, and to rebuke the
Countess of Buchan from the pulpit. Both were subsequently
married, and, strange to say, Mr Campbell was appointed
minister of Lundie, and what is also remarkable, the Rev.
John Robertson, M.A., minister of Lundie, became minister of
this parish. It was simply an exchange of livings — a singular
arrangement, but one unfortunately too cliaracteristic of such
dissolute times.
May 3rd, 1665. — A fast was intimated to be kept for the
success of the Royal 'Navj.
July 5th, 1665. — A public proclamation was read from the
King's Majestie for keeping a day of solemn thanksgiving for
the success of the Xavy against the States Provinces.
On the 3rd June 1665, the Duke of York defeated the Dutch
fleet off Harwich. Opdam, the Dutch Admiral, was blown up
with all his crew. Eighteen of the enemy's ships were captured,
and fourteen destroyed. This important victory, according to
the custom of the period, was followed by a thanksgiving
throughout the Church.
August 30th, 1665. — A fast for the plague in England and
for the harvest appointed to be kept on the 13th September.
This was the great Plague of London (1664-5) which carried
off, it was estimated, nearly seventy thousand persons. Ita
ANGUS PARISH. 133
terrible ravages delated niiicli consternation throughout the
country, and a day of humiliation was appointed and subse-
quently observed. From what we know regarding the character
of not a few of the Episcopalian incumbents, it is interesting to
know that at a meeting of the Presbytery of Dundee, held on
15th September 1669, the brethren being severally removed^
and inquiries made of their deportment in their charges and
conversations, and whether they did preach tAvice on the Lord's
pay and catechise weekly, and observe the Sacrament of the
Lord's Supper once in the year, — all were found faithful,
appro vene, and encouraged.
• April 27th, 1669. — By the orders of the Presbytery of
Dundee, action was ordered to be taken against all guilty of
witchcraft. The Magistrates of Dundee were particularly
desired to use all diligence for trying them further. They
complied with the Presbytery's instructions, and appointed those
suspected of witchcraft to be banished, " which was done, and.
the Act put in execution."
The form of oath prescribed by the Presbytery during the;
Episcopalian regime was as follows : — I, A. B., do acknowledge
the present government of the Church of Archbishops and
Bishops, and promise obedience thereunto, as witness my
subscription.
June 10th, 1677. — Delated to the session Andrew Ander-
sone, Alexander Prowaue, James Whittane, and Charles Jack,
in Barktowne, for not going to yee kirk yee preceding Sabbath,
but staying at hame, and in time of divine service went to ye
churchyard and plaid at ye pennie-stonue, and clam birds' nests,
The parties compeared, and denied the charge — the case deferred. ,
July Ist. — The accused having conqjeared and confest their
foresaid sinne of Sabbath-breaking, did humble themselves
before the session for the samen, and they made publick satis-
faction before the congregation. The game of pennie-stone or ;
quoiting with stones was a favourite amusement in olden times. '
August 5th, 1677. — That day intimation of the communion to
134 ANNALS OF AN
be given on Sunday next. The minister intreats because the
giveing of the communion approacheth that the elders be carefull
in their severall quarters to search who are at variance and
discord with their neighbours, and aither reconcile them or els
delait them to the session, to the end those who are contumasious
and will not be reconciled may be debard from coming to the
table of the Lord.
August 30th, 1677. — The elders were desired to enquire and
try in their severall quarters if there were anie who got tickets
and examined and did not communicat, and delait them to the
next dyet of session. The tickets referred to were tokens. The
tokens in use at this time were small pieces of lead, unstamped
and unmarked, about the size of a modern " sixpence."
September 9th, 1677. — The Session finding that severall of the
members of session keeps not the ordinarie meetings so punctual
as it is requirit, but manie are found absent at the ordinarie tym
of meiting, hes theirfor apointed that in all tym curaing non shal
be absent from the session, but shall keep ordour, and everie
absent shall be fynned in sex shilling Scots, except they can
produce a verie lawfull excuse.
June 1684. — Gilbert Millard and Elizabeth Hill were
married. Witnesses — William Clair, John Christie, James
Webster, Alexander Bell.
July 11th, 1684. — Alexander Bell and Christian M'Coan,
both in this parish, were ecclesiastically contracted, and con-
signed their pledges conformable to church order.
Besides the payment for proclamation, consignation money
had also to be tabled. This consignation money was a pledge
that the purpose of marriage was hona-fide, and that the
marriage would be solemnised according to the order of the
church, at the proper time and jDlace, after due proclamation of
banns. If any impediment, scandal, or violation of the order
of the church occurred, the consignation fees, which generally
amounted to about £5 Scots, were forfeited, and lodged in the
box for pious purposes.
ANGUS PARISH. 135
July 26th, 1685. — Janet Gowans compeared and gave
satisfaction for her iSabbath breaking in shearing grass on the
Sabbath day.
The Act of 1661 prohibited all salmond fishing, going of salt-
pans, milnes, or killes, all hiring of shearers, carrying of loads,
keeping of mercats, or using any sorts of merchandise on the
said day, and all other prophanation thereof whatsoever, under
certain penalties. If unable to pay the penalties, the offender
was to be exemplarly punished in his body.
The said day given to the Beddall for quarter fee, 17s. 4d.
August 1685. — The Communion was publicly intimated by
the minister to be given that day fortnight, and the elders
were ordained to give a list of the names of those in the several
quarters who bore at any time variance or discord among them-
selves.
It was the practice of the time to refuse communion to all
who were understood to be quarrelsome and disorderly, and
opposed to the reigning ecclesiastical authorities.
October 24th, 1685. — This day being the King's birthday, it
was solemnly kept. This was in obedience to a proclamation
which was issued : — " Forasmuch as it having pleased Almighty
God to set our most rightful redoubted Sovereign, James VII. by
the Grace of God of Scotland, England, France, and Ireland,
defender of the faith, &c., peaceably upon the throne of his
Royal ancestors, our most august and glorious Monarch, not-
withstanding the hellish plots and machinations against the
sacred person of our late King (of ever blessed memory) and
of our present Sovereign, whom God long preserve. . . .
Recommend to the Right Reverend the Archbishops and Bishops
that they cause the ministers in their respective dioceses for
this year, and yearly after, upon the said fourteenth of October,
with the people at divine service in the church, devoutly to give
solemn thanks to Almighty God, and celebrate His holy name
for His so signal goodness and protection to our said gracious
Sovereign, and in him to these kingdoms."
136 ANNALS OF AN
•December 1685. — Abraham and John- Nicoll were delated to
kirk-session for the sin of sacrilege in taking awa a daske from
the church and breaking of it, and was ordained to be summoned
by the session against the next day.
, Abram Xicol compeared according to order, and denied he had
any hand in that guilt at all, therefore he was desired to come
next day and clear himself by his oath, which he refused.
After much trouble he admitted he took the daske.
November 25, 1.686. — Mr John Robertson, minister of
Auchterhouse, had a lawful sun baptised by Mr David Ferguson,
minister of Strathmartine, before the following Avitnesses —
William FuUarton, John Nevay, David Crichton.
[ March 13, 1687. — John Kendall, Abram Nicoll's servant,
was appointed to be summoned against the next Lord's day for
insolent behaviour in the bell-house on the Sabbath day. . .
March 27. — John Kendall compeared before the congregation,
and instead of satisfaction denied what he had confessed before
the session the former Lord's daj', wherefore the session decided
to pass him as being ignorant of his duty both to God and man.
May 1, 1687. — Which day the minister reported that the
Bishop of Dunkell having drawn off froni the Presbyterie of
Dunkell all ministers belonging to the Diocese of Dunkell, and
annexed them to the Presbyterie of Coupar in Angus, ordered
all processes of complaints to be extracted out of the Presbyterie's
Books of Dundie, and insert in the Presbyteries of Coupar,
beginning quher — before, &c. ...
. In 1687 King James II. issued his so-called "Indulgences," the
most important of which was the third, in Avhich by his Sovereign
authority, prerogative, royal and absolute power, he suspended
all penal and sanguinary laws made against any for non-con-
formity to the religion established by law, granting to the
Presbyterians leave to meet and serve God after their OAvn way
and manner, be it in private houses, chapels, or places purposely
hired or built for that use, so that they take care that nothing
be preached or taught among them which may any ways tend
ANGUS PARISH. 137
to alienate the hearts of our people from us or our government.
This policy of granting toleration and liberty of conscience,
although a welcome change from the protracted one of despotism
and bloodshed, was in reality a stratagem for the removal of
all restrictions against Popery, and, doubtless, it was further
intended to create violent antagonism between the rival
Protestant divisions. This indulgence was, however, to a large
extent taken advantage of by the Presbyterians, who began to
assemble together according to the old form of worship — a
privilege which was so long and ruthlessly denied them.
Much dissension appears to have arisen in this parish, as in
many others, during 1687, from sectarian enmity. Many dis-
orderly scenes ensued, for the suppression of which the minister
and kirk-session seemed incompetent. The Rev. Mr Robertson
appears also to have broken down in health, because the
following entries occur in rapid succession : — " No sermon in
afternoon." " Minister very sick." " l^o sermon — the minister
not fully recovered." " The minister still sick," &c.
January 1688. — A proclamation was read from the pulpit
against lying upon and scandalysing of Royal family. It was
to the effect that none of the King's subjects sliall presume to
take upon hand, privately or publicly, in sermon, declamation,
or familiar conferencjes, to uttor any false, slanderous, or untrue
speeches, to the disdain and reproach of his Majesty, his Council
and proceedings, or to the dishonour, hurt, or prejudice of his
Highness, his parents, and progenitors, or to meddle in the
affairs of his Highness and his estate, present, bygone, and in
time coming, under the pains contained in the Acts of Parlia-
ment.
, Such proclaiuations, however, failed to prevent the Revolution
J^rom being consummated.
. May 1st, 1689. — By order from Convention of Estates, there
were two proclamations read that day — the first ordering public
prayers for King William and Queen Mary to be made, and the
other for a voluntary collection for relief of Piotestants who had.
138 ANNALS OF AN
fled out of France and Ireland into Scotland. The minister
stated that he would collect it " att their dwellings."
The Revolution was followed by a long and devastating civil
war in Ireland. While the north of Ireland had declared for
King William, the greater portion of the country still remained
loyal to James. The province of Ulster was overrun by the
army of Tyrconnel, and conflicts of the most sanguinary
character — embittered by the old race animosities — ensued
between the rival religionists, in which the Protestants suffered
severely. Those who escaped the sword fled into Scotland, and
everything was done by their Presbyterian brethren to alleviate
their suff'erings.
The collection was also in behalf of French Protestant
refugees driven from France by the Revocation of the Edict of
Nantes.
In 1689, the English Convention declared that James II.,
having endeavoured to subvert the constitution of the kingdom
by breaking the original contract between the King and the
people, and, by the advice of the Jesuits and other wicked
persons, having violated the fundamental laws, and withdrawn
himself out of his kingdom, has abdicated the government, and
the throne is become vacant. The vacant throne was given to
the Prince and Princess of Orange as joint Sovereigns. The
King and Queen were shortly afterwards proclaimed publicly in
Edinburgh. During this memorable and exciting period,
Dundee and the southern portion of Angus were overawed by
the notorious Graham of Claverhouse, who, at the head of a
considerable body of retainers, had taken up a position in the
Glen of Ogilvy, from which he descended on one occasion and
destroyed out of revenge the Hilltowu of Dundee. As Viscount
Dundee and Constable of the Town — titles bestowed upon him
for his services against the Covenanters — he wielded consider-
able influence, and with characteristic vigour did his utmost to
maintain the Royal authority, and preserve Prelatic supremacy
throutrhout Ansrus.
ANGUS PARISH. 139
On the 13th April 1689 a proclamation was i.^sued by the
Convention of Estates appointing public prayers for King
William and Mary, with certification that those who refused
should be deprived of their benefices. On the 22nd July
an Act was passed abolishing Prelacy, and declaring the
re-establishment of Presbyterianism. The Revolution Settle-
ment was naturally received with violent opposition by the
Prelatic clergy of Angus, who were entirely in favour of the
dethroned Sovereign. Supported as they were by the Jacobite
nobility and gentry, they presented a formidable opposition.
A great number of the clergy refused to conform to Pres-
byterianism. From the records of the Privy Council, there
were altogether two hundred and two offenders against the
proclamation. The majority of these offenders were, however,
permitted to remain in possession of their benefices and
emoluments if they chose to do so. In parishes vacated by the
Episcopal curates, efforts were at once made to replace them by
Presbyterians. The General Assembly, however, was allowed
to try and purge out all insufficient, negligent, scandalous, and
erroneous ministers by due course of ecclesiastical proofs and
censures.
In 1690, a Commission was granted for visitation on the north
side of the Tay, and instructed to admit to ministerial com-
munion and a share of the government such of the Episcopal
clergy as they on due trial found to be orthodox in doctrine,
of competent abilities, having a pious, godly, loyal, and peace-
able conversation, of an edifying gift, and who they believe
should be true and faithful to God and the Government, and
diligent in their ministerial duties, that shall subscribe to the
Confession of Faith, and profess their submission to and
willingness to join and concur with the Presbyterian Church
government.
This Royal policy of extreme moderation and leniency toward
the Prelatic incumbents was deeply resented by the faithful
Presbyterians. They completely failed to see how men who
140 ANNALS OF AN
had striven to wreck Presbyterianism, and were so closely
identified with a former bloody, merciless, and intolerant
regime, should be received into the bosom of the Chnrch on
terms so easy and favourable. Tliis was certainly a breadth of
toleration marvellous in their eyes, fru.a the fact that such a
thing was unknown under the old ascendancy from 1661-
1690. Their admission was not only a blunder, it was a crime.
The whole policy Avas believed to be suicidal, utterly void of
principle, and destructive to the vital interests of the Church.
Ko doubt these incumbents professed to have si<,'ned the
Confession of Faith, and had apparently embraced Presby-
terianism ; but the Presbyterians had very strong reasons for
believing that thej' were not sincere disciples of the real old
true-blue form of worship and government. They were to all
intents and purposes still Prelatic in their opinions, and active
agents of the Jacobite party.
In 1690 a considerable number of the worthless incumbents'
were weeded out on the score of immorality, but very few
because of Episcopal proclivities.
In 1691 strong efforts were made by the Prelatic party to
regain their position. They urged their demands upon the King,
most persistently, but he refused to listen to their overtures.
For many years, therefore, the service was conducted very
much as formerly, particularly throughout the Northern counties,,
where the Jacobite and Prelatic influence was all-powerful..
Yery frequently, when an attempt was made to conduct service
according to the instruction sent down by the General Assembly,:
riotous mDbs assembled, acting under the , instigation of the
Jacobite lairds. They did everything possible to prevent the
Presbyterian service being held, and did not even hesitate tO/
attack the minister, and those who supported him, if they showed
a disposition to conform to the government and discipline of the
church. In this neighbourhood violent and disgraceful attempts
were made by hired ruffians to prevent the re-establishment of
Presbyterianism.
ANGUS PARISH. 141
May 12, 1689. — Intimation was made that there was a
thanksgiving to be kept on Thursday next, being 16 th, for a
deliverance from Popery.
Thursday, 16. — On that day thanksgiving was kept and
sermon preached.
June 16, 1689. — John Hill having gotten £5 4s. of doites
out of the box to exchange, gave back £2 10s. of good turners
gotten for them, and it was imboxed.
A great weakness in olden times was the persistent dropping
of bad coins into the collecting ladles. Sales of bad coins
repeatedly took place ; b\it such coins never seem to have dis-
appeared. Foreign coins also were in great favour^ and found
• their way into the box in great numbers. Doites were Diitch
coins, and in value nearly equivalent to a penny Scots. From
the close relationship between Scotland and Holland, the coinage
of the latter country was very plentiful in Scotland. Turners
were two penny pieces of Scots money. Notwithstanding the
vigilance of elders, the surreptitious passing of such coins inta
the brods long prevailed.
July 7th, 1689. — That day the minister produced th6
Moderator's discharge for the ,£12 17s. 8d. collected for the
French and Irish Protestants, and it was imboxed.
October 1689. — John Liddel compeared before session for his
fighting on the Sabbath day, and striking John Bell. He con-
fessed with humiliation before the session and was absolvit.
November 1689. — John Marrwas in the place of repentance,
and was spoken to by the minister. On evidence of his
repentance, absolvit and paid his penalty, £4.
November 1689. —
Given to John Hill to buy the poor folks shoes,
To J. Roger, to buy him shoes,
To William Jack, to buy him shoes, ...
To Mary Jack, to buy her slioes,
To Agnes Roger, to buy her shoes,
November 24th. — Peter Bruce supplicated the session for
£4
10
4
10
18
18
142 ANNALS OF AN
help. In regard he was become weak by age and disease, the
session promised liim 8s., and to relieve him in future as his case
required.
July 1st, 1690. — This day the fast was kept according to the
former intimation, and according to proclamation on the Sunday
before, in name of the King and Queen, for the distress in
Ireland, for the preservation of the King's person, and success
to his armies and fleet. Collection taken, 9s. It was given to
beadle out of goodwill.
August 3rd, 1690. — Thanksgiving kept for victory obtained
in Ireland, and for the preservation of the King's person.
This was the battle of the Boyne, in which King William
defeated his father-in-law, James II., 1st July, 1690. James fled
to Dublin, thence to Waterford, and made his escape to France.
May 1st, 1691. — Proclamation was read for keeping a fast
every last Wednesday of May, June, July, and August, for
preservation of their Majesties' persons, and success to their
armies and fleets in defence of Protestant religion.
July 19th, 1691. — That day it was enacted that the elders
who gather the offering shall survey the change-houses in time
of sermon. Of the scandalous persons only Thomas Robertson
compeared, but refused to pay his mulct or satisfy penalties,
and appointed to appear in public the next Lord's day, and is
ordered to speak to the minister on Sunday before his appear-
ance. William Wallace had promised to come and make his
public satisfaction, and came not. The minister promised to
speak to the minister of Strathmartine anent James Angus, if he
would cause him to come and make satisfaction for his Sabbath
drunkenness and tulzing. He afterwards came and satisfied by
fine of 13sh.
October 1692. — Given out to Dauvit Wyddie, for girding the
barreU that holds the Communion wine, 3d.
This is a somewhat quaint entry, and refers to times which
belong completely to the past. On Communion occasions great
q^uantities of wine were used — generally light claret or
ANGUS PARISH, 143
Burgundy. Indeed, it is somewhat perplexing to know how
such quantities as are entered in the records could ever have
been made use of.
The system of partaking of the wine must have been entirely
different from that of modern days. There are also entries
showing that certain individuals received money for bringing
*' oot the barrell from the toon." For many years Communions
must have been conducted in a very primitive way in this
parish. When the old pulpit was being removed some years
ago we were a little startled to discover beneath it a recess
which contained a well-constructed case, with sub-divisions
capable of holding a considerable number of bottles. This must
have been the wine-cellar which succeeded the decayed barrel.
Entrance to this curious cellar was by a small door somewhat
concealed by the precentor's box.
October 1692. — No sermon to-day, being stormy. This entry
is repeated frequently throughout the close of this year.
Thursday. — The thanksgiving was kept for the King's safe
return to London. No collection, from the paucity of people.
February 1694. — In regard Patrick Ogilvie hath borne the
burden of David Edieman, his father-in-law, for some years
bye gone, and that he was unable for work, therefore the
session determined that he should pay nothing for the mort-
cloth at his burial, he being in a mean condition.
Where no parish bier or coffin existed it was quite usual, at
one time, at the burial of the poor, to use a sheet called the
mortcloth, in which the corpse was wrapped on the way to the
place of burial. The body was then taken out and lowered into
the grave by ropes. This was the origin of the parish mortcloths,
those elaborate coverings made of velvet, with fringes. These
were kept by the kirk-sessions, and hired out according to fixed
charges to parishioners and others. No burial at this time was
considered to be properly conducted without the mortcloth.
The charge at this time was 10s. The fees exacted for the
mortcloth were very considerable, and went to the box.
144 ANNALS OF AN
In 1695 an Act was passed that an elder or deacon should be
present at the coffinings. Wakes or lykewakes were the custom
of the period, and were largely attended. The elder was appointed
simpl}' to maintain order, as riotous and drunken scenes were
too common on such occasions. During the coffining and subscr
quent funeral services, there was frequently more tobacco and
drink consumed than on many marriage occasions. Great crowds
assembled, and were drawn together very much by the prospect
of ample smoking, feasting, and drinking. The foolish notion
of the age was that no funeral was heartily conducted Avithout
guzzling and immoderate drinking, followed by a plentiful
supply of pipes and tobacco. The funeral customs in olden
times were in many respects very objectionable.
At this time many curious entries occur : —
To Thomas Croall, for transporting a gentlewoman
from this place to Strathmartine, .
To Da^dd Roger, being sicker than ordinar, .
To certain poor gentlemen,
To distressed gentlemen.
To ane Mackintosh, a gentleman.
To Elizabeth Campbell, a minister's relict, .
The distress throughout the country at this time seems to
-have been very great. Parishes appear to have been invaded
by beggars from all quarters. The petitions for relief from the
box were frequent, and many of them from people at one time
apparently in better circumstances. From the records we can
quite understand that there must have been a certain amount of
truth in Fletcher's description of the times. " There are," he
says, " at this day in Scotland (besides a great number of families
very meanly provided for by the church boxes, with others who,
with living upon bad food, fall into various diseases), 200,000
people begging from door to door. ... At country
.weddings, markets, burials, and other the like public occasions^
they are to be seen, both men and women, perpetually drunk,
cursing, .blaspheming, and fighting together."
£0 4
4
9
6
2
14
ANGUS PAEISH. 145
The last Episcopal clergyman of the parish Avas the Rev.
Andrew Bissett. He succeeded ]\Ir Robertson in 1688. For
many years his bible, a large folio volume, strongly bound in
oak, Avas preserved in the parish. It bore the following quaint
inscription, written in the cramped style of Avriting peculiar to
the period : —
" Andrew Bisset, his book,
Ye living Lord upon him look ;
And when ye bell begins to toUe,
Ye Lord haue mercy on his soule. "
On November 1st, 1699, the Laird of Auchter house, Patrick
Lyon, a well-known Jacobite, petitioned the Presbytery that
they would delay declaring the parish vacant. The Presbytery,
however, declined to listen to his petition. It was the laird's
wish, apparently, that the parish should remain Prelatic.
March 6th, 1 700. — This day, several of the parish of Auchter-
house having compeared and presented to the Presbytery a call
to Mr Thomas Fraser, preacher of the Gospel, desiring their
concurrence in order to Mr Fraser being settled among them as
their minister, which the Presbytery finding weighty, they told
the said people of Auchterhouse that in regard of some Act of
the General Assembly they could not proceed in their affair till
they had advice from the Commission of the General Assembly.
March 20th. — The which day compeared Mr William Crichton
of Adamstone, and produced his commission from tlie parish,
impowering him to demand of the Presbytery that one of the
ministers be sent to moderate in a call to Mr Thomas Fraser to
be their minister, in order to the making up of the formality
which was wanting in the former, and produced an Act of the
Commission advising the Presbytery, as they see cause, to proceed
in the said affair: Whereupon the Presbytery, having taken to
consideration the Avhole affair, completely found that they could
not grant the said desire in regard of the repeated Acts of the
General Assembly anent those who have the Irish language, and
L
146 ANNALS OF AN
an appointment of tlio late Assembly, as likewise tlie disatisfac-
tion of the generality of tlie nienibf-Ts witli the person called,
and therefore refnse their concurrence in this affair. Against
this decision an appeal was taken to the Synod. An inquiry
followed. A Professor of Divinity connected with the Presby-
terj"^ of Ross gave his opinion regarding ^Ir Fraser in the
following quaint and sarcastic terms. He stated that Mr Fraser
was too well-known all this country over, particularly to the
members of the Presbytery, to have more sail than ballast, and
since this impression is confirmed by several things which have
been talked of him, we are very adverse from calling him among
us ; but if the tossings and harrassings which he has of late
suffered before the Judicatories of the Church, both south and
north, have made him low his sails and humble himself before
the Lord ; if he has been made to cry to Heaven for ballast and
received it, and that to the conviction and satisfaction of the
Reverend Presbytery of Dundee, among wliom we hear he is
for present resides, and if after a year's stay among them, and
received confirmations of spiritual ballast (natural and intellectual
ballast we do not expect that he ever shall exceed in it, but
grace may act pleasantly on the weaknesse of nature), received
by the said Mr Thomas, and discovered by that Reverend
Presb3'tery; if thereafter they make an offer of him to us, we
shall think of it, and reckon it an argument of self-denial in
them and great sympathy with us. The Earl of Strathmore
and the Laird of Auchterhouse having, however, also refused to
concur in such a call, the case was referred to the Commission of
the General Assembly, who put it aside, Mr Fraser accordingly
was compelled to seek some other sphere of usefulness.
The long and deplorable reign of Episcopacy at length came
to an end, notwithstanding much opposition on the part of the
laird and principal heritors. Had the Presbytery, however, not
interfered, it would most undoubtedly have continued. This
shows the remarkable hold the Jacobites had of the parish, and
the keenness manifested by the Episcopalians to keep possession.
ANGUS PARISH. 147
It was now nearly twelve years since the Revolution settlement,
and as yet there had been no real recognition of Presbyterianisni.
The Rev. Patrick Johnstone was appointed minister of the
Parish in 1702. He was called by the Presbytery jwj'e devoluto
16th September, and ordained 29th December 1702. The
Presbyterian discipline and government being now supreme, the
greatest possible care was exercised in the appointment of
ministers. Strict inquiry was made into their piety, gravity,
prudence, sobriety, orthodoxy, and learning. All who were
considered vain, imprudent, proud, worldly-minded by the
generality of sober, intelligent persons, were ordered to be kept
back. All ministers were instructed freely and faithfully to
preach against the enormous sins of profane and idle swearing,
cursing, Sabbath-breaking, profane withdrawing from and con-
tempt of gospel ordinances, fornication, adultery, drunkenness,
excessive tippling, deism, blasphemy, and other gross and
abominable sins. They were beseeched, exhorted, and required
to take heed to themselves and tlie doctrine, to be strict in
catechising, to be careful in dealing with heads of families, to
engage persons of honour to fall in love with holiness, to keep
a very watchful eye on Papists, to suppress all heresies and books
freighted with impious, pernicious, and soul-destroying doctrines,
and very curiously to seek to reclaim all Quakers from their
abominable heresies. It was a time of great strictness, and the
penalties enacted were heavy for any infringement of the law.
A revival of the old Puritan discipline ensued.
There was not even the shadow of toleration shown towards
offenders. All kinds of cases came up before the session.
Kothing was too trivial to be dealt with if duly reported. The
cases investigated and gravely considered were of as miscel-
laneous and disreputable a character as appear before the modern
police courts. The minister and kirk-ses.sion were supreme, and
a terror to evil doers. The beadle's duties were of an onerous
character, and the opportunities afforded him of introducing
culprits to their judges were by no means few and far between.
148 AXNALS OF AN
Every case, no matter how delicate, was sifted to its foundation by
the summoning of witnesses and other formalities. One marked
feature in the administration of discipline was the granting of
the Oath of Purgation. "When any grave scandal was brought
against a member of the church, and strongly denied by him,
he was permitted, in certain circumstances, to clear himself
by taking this oath. Its terms were certainly of a character
to strike terror into the most hardened, and clearly imply that
lying and perjury Avere of little moment in those rude and
licentious times. The following is the Oath of Purgation given
in the Form of Process of 1707 : — " T, A. B., now under process
before the Presbytery of . . . , for the sin of ... ,
alleged to be committed by me, and lying under that grievous
slander, being repute as one guilty of that sin, I, for ending of
the said process and giving satisfaction to all good people, do
declare before God and this . . . that I am innocent and
free of the said sin ... , and hereby call the great God,
the Judge and Avenger of all falsehood, to be witness and judge
against me in this matter if I be guilty ; and this I do by taking
His blessed name in my mouth, and swearing by Him who is the
Great Judge, Punisher, and Avenger as said is, and that in the
sincerity of my heart, according to the truth of the matter and
mine own conscience, as I shall answer to God in the last and
great day when I shall stand before Him to answer for all that I
do in the flesh, and as I would partake of His glory in heaven
after this life is at an end." Solemn as this oath is, it is certainly
more mildly expressed than is the case in many other oaths
administered before this time. They are throughout painfully
extravagant, unseemly, and discreditable to those who exercised
them.
The old strictness in the granting of testimonials to parties
moving from one parish to another was also revived. Many of
those testimonials were of a very quaint description. As a rule,
they were written upon long narrow strips of paper, and entered
most minutely into the character of the individuals to whom
ANGUS PARISH. 14^
they were granted. The minister, accordingly, had no difficulty
in knowing the true ecclesiastical position of his new parishioners.
In the event of any misdeeds being recorded against them, these
were carefully and minutely stated. Be it known that A. B. is
a — (then follows the particular appellation). Many of the
parishioners in those days must have opened their eyes at the
harsh revival of old sores, and the minister's wonderful acquaint-
ance with many shortcomings in rural life, Avhich they never
for a moment dreamt he was cognisant of. An important
feature of the period was the great attendances upon communion
occasions. Those sacred seasons were viewed as yearly reunions
of friends, and were characterised by much excitement. People
flocked from other parishes provided with their tickets or tokens
to admit them to the table. The usual custom was to have a
tent pitched in the churchyard for the sale of ale, &c. Such
gatherings were by no means so conducive to parochial morality
as they ought to have been, as the day too often terminated in
boisterous scenes within the village alehouses.
In 1706, an Act was passed appointing a national fast for the
purpose of supplicating the divine direction respecting the
Treaty of Union, on the consideration of Avhicli the nation was
about to enter. On the 13th October the Scottish Parliament
met, and an Act of Security was passed in which the Acts con-
firming the Confession of Faith and the Presbyterian f(3rm of
Church government were ratified and established, to continue
without any alteration to the people of this land in all succeeding
generations, and it was further declared that this Act of
Security with the establishment therein contained shall be held
and observed in all time coming as a fundamental and essential
condition of any Treaty of Union to be concluded betwixt the two
Kingdoms, without any alteration thereof or derogation thereto,
or any sort for ever. The Act of Security was therefore the
basis of the Act of Union, and the Churcli of Scotland was
placed on a secure foundation. The Articles of Union, after
being accepted and ratified by the English Parliament, were
150 ANNALS OF AN
returned to Scotlaml, and registereil by the Scottish Parliament,
25th March 1 707.
In 1708, a solemn thanksgiving was observed for the Nation's
deliverance from the Pretender.
In 1713, an address was ordered to be read from all the
pulpits warning the nation against the designs of the Jacobites,
who were now working steadily for the Pretender.
After the death of Queen Anne, on 1st August 1714, there
was great excitement throughout Angus, which culminated on
the proclamation of George as King. Strathmore being the centre
of Mar's rising in favour of the Chevalier, much excitement
and serious riots took place in several parishes, and mobs were
collected to attack the Presbyterian clergy and their people.
The Battle of SherifFmuir, however, terminated such disorders,
and in a short time the storm had disappeared.
Mr Johnstone died on 2nd May 1740, after a ministry of
thirty-eight years. The initials P.I., A.D. 1726, still remain
upon one of the manse walls. He was succeeded by the Rev.
James Scott. In 1775, the church was to some extent altered
and entirely reseated. The manse was built in 1789, at a cost
of £322 lOsh. Scot. Some of the entries of this period are of
a very quaint character.
As it has formerly been a practice in the parish to give the
church officer as much corn as each person may think fit, the kirk-
scssion of Auchterhouse hope that all to whom he may apply
will contribute according to their generosity. Occasional sales
of wood were also conducted under the auspices of the session,
intimation of which was made by the beadle on Sundays from
a prominent gravestone in the churchyard. Certain regulations
were carefully drawn up for such occasions.
1. The highest bidder is allways to be preferred, upon the
judges pronouncing the word "thrice."
2. Credit to be given upon such security as shall satisfy the
offerers.
3. Each bode must exceed the former by one penie.
e37 16
1 16
12
10
15
1
1
1 4
15
16
ANGUS PARISH. 151
4. All below a croon must be ready money.
5. C. J. is constituted baillie to said roup.
6. The cryer must have the ordinary dues.
Some of the accounts are also of a very quaint character : —
To the surgeon for amputating a man's legg,
The mixtures to him,
The powders to him,
The cordial mixture to him,
The ointment to him.
The ditto to him,
The cerat to liim, .
To a timber legg to him, .
To leathers and buckles to the legg,
To twenty-two horse hires to him.
This surgical operation, &c., cost .£142 lOsh., for which there
was a special collection made throughout the Presbytery.
During Mr Scott's ministry, and for many years afterwards,
the parish was notorious for the extent to which the pernicious
system of smuggling in whisky was carried on. From the well-
Avooded and hilly character of the district, which afforded ample
concealment, and, at the same time, from its easy access to
Dundee, which was always ready for a good supply of the home-
made article, the traffic was carried on by old and young to an
extent which is hardly credible. Everything was done by law
to suppress it, but, still it continued to increase. By an Act of
Parliament of 1719, all ministers were strictly enjoined to
represent to their people and hearers the great impiety and
monstrous wickedness of such methods to gain the world, to the
endangering of their souls, and earnestly to obter them to
abstain from such crying sins and deadly courses. Similar Acts
followed in 1736 and 1744. The whisky was brought from
Glenisla and other well-known haunts of smugglers across the
hills, by means of double ankers slung over the backs of High-
land ponies. In those days it was quite an everyday occurrence
to witness a procession of smugglers marching along with their
ponies — each pony being secured to the tail of the one in front
152 ANNALS OF AN
by means of a halter, Avhilc alongside marched the stalwart
Highlandmen, armed with thick bludgeons to cope with any
opposition from the revenue officers. AVhen they reached the
parish by the hill bridle jiath, they found themselves in
comparative safety, for within it there were many who had
good-going stills of their own, and whose chief business was that
of running the whisky into town. The whisky was either sold
on the spot by the smugglers to their country customers, or
carefully guarded until a favourable opportunity presented
its(df of having it conveyed to Dundee in safety. In cases of,
probable capture by a strong body of excisemen when eti route,
the ankers were in a twinkling imslung, hurriedly concealed in
the heather or buried in the moss, wliile the smugglers mounted
the backs of their nags, and soon were out of reach of the
enemy. Few coiiM excel the smugglers within the parish for
ingenuity in cheating the gangers, and had the recipients of
the liquor in town only known by what means it was too
frequently conveyed for their benefit, they would most assuredly
have hesitated to swallow it. Opinion a])pcars to have been
somewhat divided as to the quality of the article. We have
heard it described as " coorse drink," " pushion," &c. ; while
others, who might be recognised as fair authorities, with a hearty
chuckle, broad grin, and pawky shake of the head, have
extolled its merits as " graun whusky jist." Many amusing
stories might be related of those days, A man belonging to the
palish Avas on one occasion on his way to Dundee with a sack
on his back Avhich contained several bladder skins filled with
whisky. While bearing along his precious burden with a
refreshingly innocent expression, he was suddenly confronted
by a very shrewd gauger. Taking in the situation at once, the
guager quietly took out his pocket knife, administered a few sharp
probes into each of the skins, and told the man to run for his
life, wliich he did as rapidly as his legs could carry him. The
humour of the transaction may be imagined. Great fertility of
resource was also shown in concealing the ankers. When the
ANGUS PARISH. 153
alarm was raised that the enemy was ai)proacliing, all hands set
to Avork, and in a few minutes, as if by magic, the ankers
disappeared tinder manure heaps, and other primitive rustic
hiding-places.
On one occasion, while troopers were going their rounds in
search of smugglei's and ankers, they were seen to approach the
house of one of the principal farmers in the parish. This visit
evidently meant business, and was likely to prove somewhat
unpleasant for the farmer, who was perfectly aware of the fact
that a considerable quantity had been recently stored away
within his premises. With great good humour and perfect
coolness, he met the troopers when they drew up at his door,
and said to them — " Come awa in, lads, come awa," which they
accordingly did. Refreshments were at once produced, and a
good supply of the very best of tlie " smuggled" was passed
round and much enjoyed. While the troopers were thus being
entertained by the farmer, his servants were at the same time
actively engaged in getting the ankers out of the premises into a
place of greater security. Very frequently desperate encounters
ensued between the excisemen and smugglers, and blood was
even shed over the struggle for the possession of the ankers.
The following account of one of those lights shows the extent
of the traffic, and the troubles connected with it : —
March 12th, 1813.— On Friday last, Mr John Black and Mr
Thomas Lowson, excise officers in Dundee, assisted by another
person, seized in a field to the north of Auchterhouse nine and a-
half ankers of Highland whisky, consisting of 95 gallons. They
put it in a cart, and were three or four miles on their road to
Dundee, when they were furiously attacked by three Highland-
men with sticks and stones. A desperate combat ensued, and
continued for an hour, when both parties were much hurt. One
of the smugglers received a shot in the neck from one of the
officers, and one of the officers received two severe cuts in his
head from the smugglers. During the scuffle, the smugglers
abstracted three and a-half ankors from the cart, and hid tliem
154 ANNALS OF AN
in the plantation at the side of the road, but the officers brought
off the other six, and lodged them in tlie excise office, Dundee.
It is said that Avhile the officers of excise and the smugglers
were engaged some farmers passed by, but refused to give any
assistance. The traffic was only supprossed by the employment
of mounted troopers, who proved too strong and vigilant for the
Highlanders continuing the traffic with any reasonable success
or profit. Although for years afterwards an occasional gallon
was made, " jist oot of sport," for home consumption, the practice
so long stubbornly maintained died away. The worm of an old
still — the last of its race, doubtless, within the parish, and
which, apparently, had seen much service in its day and genera-
tion — was recently presented to the Society of Antiquaries.
The records of the eighteenth century also contain material
of some interest, but of a character almost entirely local. It is
interesting to observe the dawning of better times, and the old
stern system of discipline gradually wearing into milder and
more seemly methods of enforcing ecclesiastical authority. At
times there are outbreaks of scandal, and an occasional fight
in the church occurs. A decided improvement in tone and
morale, however, becomes distinctly perceptible, notwithstanding^
such incidents. The records arc occasionally varied with entries
regarding important victories by sea and land, and the appoint-
ment of thanksgivings for the same. It is surprising how much
information may be gleaned from these old parochial records.
Not only are they valuable to the ecclesiastical antiquarian, but
to all who are in any way interested in the quaint transactions
within the Scottish Church in former times. HoAvever dull,
tedious, and uninteresting it may seem to many to carry research
into old, musty, and well-nigh illegible parochial records, still
one is often rewarded by information of a most valuable and
instructive character, for it must be remembered that such
documents were among the most important of their day in the-
country, and in many cases form the sole repositories of former
occlesiastical life and authority. These records carry us back
ANGUS PARISH. 155
to times Avhen the Church was the great centre of parochial life,
and in every respect supreme. They take us completely behind
the scenes ; they tell us graphically many a strange, quaint,
droll story ; they give us complete photographs of much original
character; they throw wonderful light upon the moral and
social condition of the people ; they alford us such insight
into the real life of the country as we can find nowhere else ;
they bring to the surface many remarkably curious and venerable
phases of thought ; and, above all, they show what marvellous
progress this country has made in all departments of social,
spiritual, and intellectual life.
The Eev. James Scott, who wrote the statistical account of
the parish in 1795, says : — "There are 12 farmers, 40 weavers,
7 Wrights, 2 smiths, 2 tailors, 8 dikers, 6 quarriers, 2 shoemakers,^
3 merchants' small shops, 3 retailers of ale and spirits, 1 clergy-
man, 1 schoolmaj^ter. Xo lawyer, writer, doctor, surgeon,
apothecarj', butcher, baker, brewer. Eheumatism, scrofula, and
smallpox are common." In 1775 no less than 20 died from
smallpox in the space of six weeks. He says he could not get
the people to inoculate their children. They always said : —
" To inflict a disease is tempting Providence." In the parish
he states there were 5 bridges, 2 corn mills, 1 lint mill, 1 fulling
mill.
The Rev. James Scott died on 28th February 1804, in the
30th year of his ministry. He was succeeded by the Rev.
George Addison, who was translated 6th August 1817 to Liff
and Benvie. His successor was the Rev. George Winehou^e of
Clova, who Avas presented to the living by Walter, Earl of
Airlie. He died in London 28th June 1851, aged about 70, in
the 38th year of his ministry. The last minister appointetl by
patronage was the Rev. Hugh Lyell, who died in 1878, after a
ministry of 33 years.
In 1881 the interior of the church was entirely modernised,,
and rendered more seemly and comfortable for divine service,
through the liberality of the heritors.
loG ANNALS OF AN
Within the churchyard there still remain a few tombstones
•of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ; but these ap-
parently have only been spared from the fact that they were
too massive to remove easily.
Heir lyes ane godly and vertuous man, lames Christie of
Ixilbeuchlie, who departed ye 20 of Decern. 1651, and his age
97:—
Qui bene vivit bene morietur (who lives well will die well).
Dulce fuit quondam mihi vivere non quia vixi
Sed quoniam ut vivam tunc raoriturus erara.
Once it vas svet to me to leive, not that I leived, but I leived
to die.
Some of the poetical inscriptions upon the old monuments
are of a very quaint and pathetic character.
The night of death is sveet
Unto beleivers why ?
It doth the just inveet
Into eternety.
By God's commission Death has called
These virtuous souls awaj'^ ;
Their body sleeps in Christ, but shall ,
Awake at the last. day.
Death is the debt to nature due,
I've paid that debt, and so must you.
Here lowly lys a much regreted wife,
Dear to the husband as his vital life.
Behold how numerous and how thick
The graves about you lye,
On this reflect, mortal man.
That shortly tliou must die.
ANGUS PAEISH. 157
What is man's life that swifter far
Than weaver's shuttle flies,
To troubles born, he weeps aAvhile,
And mourns, sighs, groans, then dies.
Pray, then, improve thy precious hours,
Eepent, do not delay,
For who can promise on the next
That is in health to-day.
Time ripens mortals for the grave,
And death soon cuts them down ;
But they that Jesus Christ receives.
Shall live and wear a crown.
Tho' in the grave their bodies ly,
!N^ow sleeping in the dust,
We hope, thro' Christ, they'll rise again.
And mingle with the blest.
All mortal bodies from the dust
At first did spring and rise.
To it again descend they must —
No mortal lives but dies.
Avchterhows, 1651.
Remember man, as Thov goes by.
As Thov art nov, so ones was I ;
AS I am 'Nov, so Thov most bee ;
Remember, man, that Thov most die.
O Crovel Death, Thou cvts the Breth
And taks the lyif avay.
James Nikol, 1654.
Heir lyes ane godlie and verteous man, John ire, svmtime
hvsband to Christian Young, in Bvrnside of Auchterhous, who
departed . . . day of August 1669, and of his age 33.
L U. C. Y.
158 ANNALS OF AN
Heir lyes David Cuthbert, and Elizabeth Kobertson, his Spous,
iiidwellers in Pittulpie. Ho departed the . . . day of
April 1689, of age 68. Shoe depairted 20 November 1689, of
ago 60. Also Euphanc Allerdice, Spous to lames Cuthbert, in
Scotstoun. Shoe depairted the 11 January 1692, of age 56.
Here lyes ane godly and virtuous honest man, James Nickle,
in Kirktoun of Auchterhouse, and Janet Low, his wyfe. He
depairted upon 1 day of Apryl, in the yeare of God 1682, and
of his age 80 years.
Becaus my soule in grave to dwell
Shall not be left by the ;
And with thy lykness when I Avake
I satisfied shall be.
An honest, quiet, and upright man.
Resolved to death here lys ;
His soul, by faitli in Jesus' blood.
Now soars above the skys.
When Christ the Lord in glory comes
To his compleat salvation,
His dust shall quicken into life
At the great consummation.
James Stewart, Cotton of Auchterhous, hd. of Janet Mearus,
d. 1780, a. 62.
In foreign lands, where men with war engage.
He was sarvising at maney a bloody saige.
And was preserved unhurt, ye gathered to his rest
In good old age — who trust in God is blist.
James Petrie and Margaret Anderson.
He died in 1717, aged 61. She in 1734, aged 70.
This man and wife, during their life.
Each one in their vocation,
Lived in peace, and now they cease
From toil and all vexation.
ANGUS PARISH. 159
In tlie higher districts of the polish, which have been com-
paratively free from agricultural encroachments, there are to be
found many traces of the existence of stone tumuli or cairns — those
rude and primitive structures which marked the burial-places of
the aboriginal tribes. In that dim and distant period prior to
Eomau civilisation, veneration and aflection for the dead were
expressed by the erection of such massive structures. Those
•conically-shaped were the favourite Celtic monuments, and from
the immense amount of material employed in their erection,
they must have entailed enormous labour. The sepulchral cham-
ber over which the great cairn was constructed consisted of rows
■of stones set on edge, upon which other slabs rested.. Within
the rude cliamber thus formed the body of the Celtic warrior
Avas placed, generally in a contracted position, with the knees
■tlrawn up to the breast. Beside the body were deposited urns
.and other relics, along with the Aveapoiis supposed to be necessary
for future happy hunting-grounds. Those ancient structures in
this locality have long since been demolished and spoiled of their
interesting and valuable historic contents. As we wander over
those hills and lonely muirs, we are apt to regard these relics of
former times as worthless detritus. Still, if we are true to our
humanity, we cannot forget that these were the tributes of
affection from grateful hearts and willing hands in the far-off
times. Xear the foot of Auchterhouse Hill there is still to be
seen, in a wonderful state of preservation, a very fine example
•of an ancient Cromlech. These Cromlechs or Druidical altars,
as some have erroneously termed them, were the most important
and valuable seiDulchral monuments of the primitive races,
and are rarely to be found. Although they are only rudimentary
and symbolic forms of architecture, still, from an archaeological
standpoint, they are of great interest. They Avere only erected
in honour of some high personage, such as the chief of a
tribe, and Avere regarded with great veneration, and within
comparatively recent times the stones of Avhich they Avere
constructed Avere viewed as sacred by the superstitious. They
160 ANNALS OF AN
were erected on commanding positions, and formed of several
large unhewn monoliths. These were so arranged as to form a
chaml)er for the reception of tlio body of the chief, whicli was
phxcod in the usual contracted position, accompanied with
ui-ns and weapons, besides other still more valuable deposits.
This Cromlech appears to have been encircled with a ring of
stones, popularly but (erroneously known as Druidical circles.
About the beginning of the present century, when a worthy
old parishioner was having some repairs carried out upon his
honse, ho removed a few of the large stones with the intention
of having them built into the walls. Throughout the night,
however, an eerie feeling came over him, his conscience was on
fire, he could get no rest. Accordingly he got out of bed, yoked
his horse into the cart, and like a sensible man replaced the
sacred stones where he found them, wont home, and thereafter
slept the sleep of the righteous.
South of the Templelands another group of those mysterious
circidar stone relics of pagan times at one time stood, and was
also held in much regard, and recognised as an ancient place of
worship. This gronp, however, unfortunately was demolished
during excavations for railway purposes. In the course of
agricultural operations upon the farms of Leoch and Templeton
numerous cists have been discovered. According to the primitive
* custom, these were rudely constructed of unhewn slabs, and
contained the ashes of the dead. Many were discovered in
regular rows, and at equal distances apart. From their number
it is quite reasonable to conclude that this locality was the scone
of frequent conflicts for supremacy between rival tribes in
distant times, and that those slain were buried where they fell.
For many long years savage warfare prevailed between the
Picts and Scots for supremacy. In the ninth century a great
battle was fought between these tAvo powerful rivals over the
stretch of country between the LaAv of Dundee and this same
district, the Picts being under the command of Brude, and the
Scots under Alpin. This battle, known as the Battle of
ANGUS PARISH. 161
Pitalpin, terminated in the total defeat of the Scots. Alpin,
their leader, was taken prisoner, beheaded on the spot, and his
head borne in triumph to Abernethy, then the Pictish capital.
The root " pit," which occurs in names in the locality and in
the immediate neighbourhood, such as Pitpointie, Pitnappie,
Pitermo, Pitalpin, Pitempton, and which is peculiar to Pictland,
seems to imply that this district formed at one time a portion of
the Pictish settlements.
On the farm of Leoch, a strong plate formed of a conglome-
rated mass of vitrified stones, was struck by the plough, and
when cleared it was discovered to be of circular shape, and
twelve feet in diameter. Upon the plate there lay a quantity of
decomposed bones, two inches thick, covered with ashes of burnt
wood. In the neighbourhood, urns, necklaces, rings, bronze pins,
and ornaments of shale have been discovered in ancient places
of burial. On the top of Auchterhouse Hill there are still to
be seen distinct traces of one of those circular forts frequently
to be met with on the tops of our Scottish hills. They were
generally constructed upon conspicuous conical hills overlooking
a wide extent of country, and many of them were of great
strength. They were coronet-shaped, and consisted of several
rings of loose stones, with trenches and carefully-guarded
approaches. The one on this hill must have enclosed fully two
acres of ground, with its succession of walls, ramparts, and
other modes of defence. Traces of another primitive hiU fort
are distinctly to be seen on the summit of West Mains Hill.
The site is a spacious and commanding one, and must also have
formed an excellent point for military reconnoitring purposes in
the subsequent days of the Clan invasions, as it is in direct line
with that part of Strathmore by which an army might contem-
plate an attack upon Dundee by the pass of Newtyle. It not
only commands a fine view of the Grampians, but has an
uninterrupted outlook toward the Law of Dundee, at one time
an important point of observation and signal station during the
wars in which the district was involved.
162 ANNALS OF AN
Two of these remarkably interesting dwellings, called weems,
have been discovered, one of them not far from the church, and
the other near the mansion-house. In the former the space
between the walls and the covering was full of rich mould, in
which were found ashes of burnt wood, bones, and other
deposits, formed by the refuse of ancient repasts. In the latter
were found bones, several ancient querns or handmills (14 inches
in diameter), a bronze ring of primitive workmanship, and the
bones of animals. In the immediate neighbourhood two similar
subterranean dwellings were also discovered. One of these con-
tained apartments constructed entirely of large flat stones. In
these recesses were found wood aslies, several fragments of large
stone vessels, and a quern. The other was simply a vault, in
which were found a large stone vessel, and a stone celt or
hatchet. These weems were occupied by the primitive races,
who existed mainly by hunting. They were the rude dwellings
of a barbarous age — the age of flint flakes, stone weapons anil
utensils. These strange habitations were generally located in
knolls, and constructed in groups. The natural rock formed the
floor of those retreats. The walls were made of stone, while the
roof was formed by a gradual narrowing and overlappmg of the
stones. Within, there was generally a large apartment, from
which diverged many other smaller recesses. The whole structure
was carefully covered with layers of turf or peat, so that there
was very little indication of it being a human habitation. The
amount of physical labour expended upon these artificial
dwellings must have been very great, and the skill and archi-
tectural ingenuity displayed are amazing for the age. ^mong
their contents there are generally found stone celts and ancient
querns. In construction these querns are exceedingly simple.
They consist of two thin circular flat stones, the upper one of
which is pierced in the centre, and revolves in a wooden pin
inserted in the under one. These were used as domestic hand-
mills, and querns of almost similar construction are still in use
in some remote parts of the Hebrides. Occasionally within
ANGUS PARISH.
163
recent years stone coffins have been discovered in the neighbour-
hood of Greeuford, the Old Toll, Bonniton, and Dronley. These
stone coffins, however, cannot be reckoned in all cases pre-
historic ; because this mode of burial was not unusual in High-
land districts in Romish times.
Sculptured Stone from Wallace Toweb.
I 3sr ID E x:
Abbot of Arbroath. 28.
Aberdeen Assembly. 74.
Act of Classes. 108, 125.
Act against Quakers. 147.
Act of Security. 149.
Act against Smuggling. 151 .
Addison, Rev. George. 155.
Adultery. 84, 90, 94.
Agent-i of Jacobite Party. 140.
Airlie Castle. 44.
Airlie, Countess of. 51.
Airlie Family. 43-51, 89.
Airlie, Laird of. 26.
Airlie Lamls. 49.
Aisle, Ramsay. 13, 76.
Albany, Duke of. 27.
Ale Houses kept by Clergy. 71 91
Ale Houses. 94, 109, 125. '
Altars. 69.
Aniilo-Normans. 2.
Anglo-Saxons. 2.
Angus, Earls of. 6.
Angus, Men of. 6.
Angus, Sheriff of. 2.
Animals, Filthy. 64.
Arbroath, Battle of. 25.
Archbishops and Bishops. 130, 133, 135.
Archery. 23.
Ardchattan. 4.
Argyll, Marquis. 36, 44, 48, 78, 80, 92, 97
99, 129.
Arras of Buchan. 40.
Armies and Fleets, Success of. 142.
Auchindown. 31.
Auchinleck, Rev. James. 126.
Auchterhouse Estates. 50.
Auchteihouse visited by Wallace. 11.
Auchterhouse Castle taken by King
Edward. 13.
Auchterhouse, Lord. 27.
Auchtertyre Hill. 82.
Auldearn, Battle of. 79.
Authority of Scriptures. 71.
Ave Maria. 66, 69.
B
Badenoch, Wolf of, 21.
Badges in use. 93.
Bagimont's Roll. 62.
Baillie, General. 80,
Bairns Greetin'. 81.
Banishment. 72, 83, 84, 129.
Banning. 121.
Bannockburn. 14,
Baptism. 64, 94, 128.
Baptistries. 64.
Bareheaded iu Marketplace. 84.
Barrel for Communion Wine. 142
Battle of Pitalpiii. 160.
Beadles. 80, 88, 94, 100, 124, 135
Begging. 72, 73, 93, 144.
Bell-house Disturbance. 136.
Berwick. 2, 9.
Bible. 71, 72.
Bier, Parish. 94.
Bird-nesting. 133.
Birnam Wood. 11.
Bisset's Death. 12.
Bisset, Rev. Andrew. 145.
Black Agnes. 15.
Black Earnside. 12.
Bonniton Lands. 28, 29.
Books. 03.
Book of Constitutions. 71.
Book of Ordination. 76.
Bow Practice. 23.
Bow Butts. 23.
Box Empty. 93.
Boyd, Lord. 7, 9.
Boyne Water. 142.
Branks. 81, 83.
Bread and Water. 84, 129.
Brechin. 11, 31, 93.
Brecking Malignants' Teith. 102.
Briggant Story. 69.
Brods. 141.
Bronze Pins Discovered. 161.
Buclian, Countess. 130, 131, 132.
Buchan (5th Earl). 32.
Do. (6tli Earl). 32, 33, 34, 36.
Do. (7tli Earl). 36, 37, 98, 108.
Do. (8th Earl). 40.
Buckingham, Duke of. 33.
Burgundy at Communions. 143.
Burials. 94.
Cairns. 159.
Campbell, Rev. James. 130, 131 82.
Cannibalism. 69.
Canons of Cluirch. 62, 68.
Canons, Secular. 66.
Carnwath, Earl of. 41.
Carrickfergus, Battle of. 15.
Catechizing. 105.
Catechisms. 101.
Cattle Pasturing. 63.
CavalrylRegiments. 82.
Celibate State. 62.
Celts (Stone). 162.
Chalices. 69.
Change Houses. 142.
Chapels. 61.
Chapin Aill. 86.
Chaplainries. 65.
Cliarles I. 33, 36, 78, 79.
INDEX. -
165
Charles, Prince. 33, 36, 114.
Charmers. 88, 103, 122, 123.
Cheek Burning. 72.
Chivalry, Days of. 17.
Choristers. 66.
Christian, Countess of Buchan. 29-31.
Cliristian Burial. 64.
Church of Auchterhouse. 32, 36.
Churches. 63, 67, 70.
Churchyards. 64.
Circular Stone Kellcs. 160.
Cists. 160.
avil War. 70, 72.
Claret at Communions. 142.
Clatto Moor. 6.
Claverhouse. 49, 138.
Clova. 37.
Cofflnings. 144.
Colkitto. 89.
Collecting Ladles. 141.
Collegiate Churches. 60.
Corn for Beadle. 150.
Common Enemy. 110.
Common Heid, A. 130.
Communion (Crowds at). 149.
Do. Elements. 125,
Do. Sunday. 133, 134.
Do. Cups. 60.
Confession. 64.
Confession of Faith. 101, 140.
Consignation Money. 134.
Conspirators. 65.
Convention of Estates. 138.
Corruption of Cleray. 68.
Cortacliy Castle. 37, 40, 51.
Cospatrick. 8.
Coupar Angus. 59, 90.
Court of Hij,'h Commission. 76.
Covenanters. 113, 125.
Covers of Fonts. 75.
Crawford, Earl of. 25.
Crawford, Master of. 26.
Creepies. 72.
Cromlech, A. 159.
Cromwell. 36, 49, 77, 99, 113.
Cruiked Folk. 72.
Cullen, Collection for People of. 88.
Culloden, Battle of. 50, 51.
Curbing. 85, 121, 130, 144.
Cutting Ears. 72.
Dalhousie Family. 1.
Dancing. 64.
Daskes. 100, 130.
Defence of Protestant Religion. 142.
Deliverance from Pretender. 150.
Dials. 76.
Diocesan Episcopacy. 74.
Directory for Worsliip. 101.
Disorderly Scenes. 137.
Distressed Gentlemen. 144.
Disturbance in Churcli. 129.
Dogs in Church. 81.
Doites. 140.
Douglas Family. 16, 17, 19.
Do. Lochleveu. 29.
Doiiglas, Sir George. 32.
Do. Lady. 29.
Do. Marie. 32, 35, 36.
Do. SirRoliert. 30,31.
Do. Sir William. 32.
Do. Mr Robert. 108.
Douking. 84.
Drains of Fonts. 76.
Dress of Clergy. 73.
Dronlaw Lands. 58.
Druidical Altars. 159.
Drum, Lady. 105.
Drunkenness. 85, 130, 142, 144.
Drybreasted Ministers. 122.
Drying Clothes. 100.
Dudhope Castle. 37.
Dudhope, Lord. 37, 98.
Dunbar, Battle of. 117, 118.
Dunbar, Castle of. 7, 11, 15.
Duncan Family. 60.
Dundalk, Storming of. 15.
Dundee Castle. 5, 6.
Dundee, Storming of. 37, 77, 80, 9o, 117.
Dunkeld. 5.
Duukeld Diocese. 61, 136.
Dunnottar Castle. 6.
Dutch Coinage. 141.
Dutch Fleet. 132.
E
Eagle, Bearing the. 2.
Ear Burning. 73.
Eassie. 24, 65.
Edinburgh Castle. 15.
Edward I.'s Invasion. 2, 10.
Education. 95.
Elders. 94, 121, 144.
Elders' Quarters. 134.
Engagement, Unlawful. 30, 96, 97.
Episcopacy. 73, 78, 129.
Episcopacy Ended. 146.
Ersklne, David. 40.
Erskine, Lady Elizabetli. 38.
Examination. 101, 106, 123.
Excisemen. 153.
Excommunication. 86, 87.
Expectants. 102.
F
Fallaws Mill. 6.
Falling in Love with Clirist. 122.
Falkirk, Battle of. 10.
Fast- Day. 82, 87.
Fasts. 87, 107, 132.
Feastings. 144.
Fenton, Margaret de. 24.
Fenton, William de. 28.
Festivals. 68.
Fights for the Ankers. 153.
Fighting i!i Churcli. 100, 128.
Fiudhaveu. 42, 43.
Fines. 83, 91, 94.
Flag of Covenanters. 82.
Fleeing to Churches. 64..
Fletcher's Description of Times. 144.
Fly ting. 83, 90, .112.
166
INDEX.
Fonts. 63,64,76.
Football. 23.
Fornication. 94, 131.
Forthour Castle. 44, 105.
Forts (Circular). 161.
Fraser, Mr Thomas. 145-0.
French Protestants. 138.
JYee Fights. 101.
Funeralls, True. 38, 60.
Funerals. 04.
G
Galfridus, Bishop. 61.
Olaclc of Newtyle. 70.
Glamis Castle. 4.
Glassin Window. 123.
Glencuue. 21.
Gothic Architecture. 66.
Graham, Sir John de. 5, 7, 9, 10.
Graliam's Knowe. 82.
Gray, Sir Ralph. 8.
Hamilton, Duke of. 36, 96, 97.
Hangings. 72, 73.
Hanoverian Succession. 42.
flarlaw. Battle of. 21, 66.
Hawtliornden Caves. 16.
Hays of Errol. 58.
Hay, Sir Gilbert de. 58, 59.
Do. Sir John de. 58.
Do. Sir Nicholas. 58.
Do. Mrilobert. 60.
Do. Sir William. 60.
Heads Sliaved. 84.
Henry of Lancaster. 17.
Heretics. 72.
Hermitage Castle. 18.
Highlands and Islands. 99.
Highland Youths. 99.
Highway Robbers. 65.
Highland Host. 49.
Hiring-Out Sy»tem. 73.
Honorius II., Pope, Bull of. 63.
Humiliation. 83, 88, 112.
Huntly, Marquis of. 26, 78, 92.
Hwuchtyruus, William de. 2.
Impotent Folk. 72.
Imprisonment. 84, 128.
Incantations. 123.
Incumbents, Prelatic. 133, 139.
Indulgences. 136.
Iiifamou.s, The. 103.
Inns. 62,
Inscriptions. 156.
Intimation of Roups. 150.
Intolerance. 147.
Inverlochy. 90.
Inverness. 109.
Irish Language. 145.
Irish Levies. 80, 89.
Irish Protestants. 138.
Jacobites. 139, 140.
Jacobite Designs. 150.
Jacobite hold of the Parish. 146.
James, "Hearty." 26, 27.
James II., King. 136.
Joanna, Queen. 05.
Jolmstone, Rev. Patrick. 147, 150.
Joined to Satan. 103.
Jongs. 81, 83, 85, 128.
Keeping Order. 134.
Kennedy, Bishop. 25, 67.
Keillor Lands. 65.
Killiecrankie, Battle of. 40.
Kilsyth, Battle of. 45, 40.
Kiniieir, Rev. David. 73, 76.
King's Birthday. 135.
King's Safe Return to London. 143.
Kneeling before Presbytery. 103.
Lady Well, The. 124.
Lanark, Earl of. 96, 98.
Lauderdale, Earl of. 96.
Leishing Bairns. 129.
Leslie, General 48, 92, 97.
Leven, Earl of. 97.
Lining of Fonts. 75.
Lindsays. 25.
Lintrathen, Ogilvie of. 65, 66.
Loch Leven Castle. 29.
Lords, Covenanting. 36.
Lord's Day Profanation. 85.
Lord of the Isles. 21.
"Lowse Lines." 102.
Lundie. 8.
Lyell, Rev. Hugh. 145.
Ljkewakes. 105.
Lyon of Brighton. 42.
Lyon, Hon. Patrick. 41, 42, 43, 145.
M
133.
Magistrates of Dundee.
Mains Parish. 70, 73.
Malignants. 100, 109, 113, 125, 120.
Manifesto of Scots Anny. 79.
Manners, Lord. 16.
Manse, 63.
Manse Built. 150.
Mansion House. 38.
Mar, Countess of. 34, 35.
Mar, Family of. 32, 33, 53.
Mar, Eail of. 21, 33.
Marjory, Countess of Buchan. 88, 40, 131.
Marriages. 64, 80, 106, 124, 134.
Marriages, Clandestine. 64, 86.
Marston Moor, Battle of. 45.
Mary, Queen of Scots. 30, 31.
Masses Celebrated. 66, 68, 69.
Maut Barn, Wallace's. 6.
Meigle Parish. 70.
Merchants, Scots. 34.
Methveu (Paul). 68.
INDEX.
167
Minister's Eelict. 144.
Moderator, Constant. 130.
Monasteries. 66, 69, 95.
Monastic Centres. 61.
Money from Army. 98.
Monk, General. 37.
Monks. 68.
Monoliths. 160.
Montrose, Marquis of. 38, 45, 46, 78, 81,
109, 111.
Montrose Haven. 10.
Moonlight Flitting'. 103.
Moray, Regent. 30.
Mortcloth. 143.
Morton, Governor. 10.
Muck Spreading. 102.
Mulct Paying. 142.
Munro, General. 97.
N
Nailing by Lug. 72.
Nailing to Trone. 72.
National Covenant. 76, 96, 99.
Navy, Eoyal, Success of. 132.
Necklaces Found. 161.
Newtyle Castle. 79.
Nevay. 65.
Norham Castle. 20.
Notaries. 61.
Notar Scribe to Session. 106.
Nuns. 68
O
Oath, Form of in Episcopal Times. 133.
Oath taken by Knights. 22.
Oaths, Character of. 148.
Oath of Purgation. 148.
Ogilne, Sir Alexander. 24, 26, 65.
Do. Helen. 47, 49.
Do. Lord. 45, 47, 48, 49, 50.
Do. Lady. 105.
Do. Margaret. 27, 29.
Do. Sir Patrick. 24.
Do. Sir Thomas. 46, 49, 89.
Do. Sir Walter. 20,21,24.
Orange, William of. 138.
Ostiarius. 80.
Papists. 72, 100, 137, 140.
Paroch Kirks. 67.
Pennie Stone Game. 133.
Penny Bridals. 105.
Perth, Five Articles of. 33.
Perth, Covenanters' Headquarters. 81.
Philiphaugh, Battle of. 47, 110.
Picts and Scots. 160.
Pillare, in the. 130, 132.
Pinkie, Battle of. 29.
Plague, Great. 132.
Plaids in Church. 81, 92.
Playing. 64.
Pluscarden. 48.
Poor Gentlemen. 144.
Pope, Letter to. 14, 59.
Porch of Church. 68.
Post-Reformation Times. 72.
Preaching (No). 82.
Prebendaries. 66.
Prelatic Party. 140.
Prelates. 65.
Presbyterian Clergy Attacked l)y Mobi.
150.
Piesbyterianism. 71, 74.
Presbytery, Dundee. 102, 103, 133.
Presbyterian Parity. 73.
Preservation of King's Person. 143.
Preston, Battle of. 36, 97.
Prestonpans, Battle of. 50.
Pretender, The. 41, 42.
Priests, Education of. 61, 63.
Prisoner, Collection for. 125.
Privy Council. 129.
Proclamations. 135.
Proclamation of Banns. 64, 106.
Profane Gaird. 119.
Promiscuous Dancing. 105.
Protesters. 78, 83, 108, 125.
Provincial Councils. 62
Provostry. 66.
Psalm Book. 71.
Pulpit, Before the. 112
Pulpit Recess. 143.
Punishment. 135.
Querns. 162.
Q
B,
Raising the Devil. 126.
Ramesie, Simundus de. 2.
Do. William de. 2.
Ramsay Family. 1.
Do. Sir Alexander. 14-18.
Do. Sir John. 4-13.
Do. Sir Malcolm. 20.
Do. Marjory. 14.
Do. Matilda. 28.
Do. Sir Robert. 20.
Do. Sir William. 20.
Rebels. 109.
Reconciliation. 93.
Records of Victories. 154.
Rectors, Parish. 62.
Reformation. 69, 70.
Religions Houses. 67.
Resolutioners. 78, 108, 125.
Revival of Puritan Discipline. 147.
Revocation of Edict of Nantes. 138.
Revolution. 137.
Revolution Settlement. 138, 139.
Robertson, Rev. John (t.). 77.
Do. do. (XL). 133.
Rings Discovered. 161.
Rioting. 150.
Roslin Muir. 8.
Rothes, Earl of. 33, 34.
Roxburgh Castle. 8, 17.
Royal Authority. 139.
Ruthven. 10, 12, 14.
168
INDEX.
S
Sabbuth Observance. 91, 128.
Sacraments, Receiving of. 64.
Sackcloth. 81. 90, 123.
Salisbury, Earl of. 16.
Salnioiid Fishing. 135.
Satuiday Preparation. 82.
Scandalizing Royal Family. 137.
School, Building of. 95, 96, 112.
Schismatic, The. 65.
Scolding. 112.
Scott, Rev. James. 150, 155.
Scourping. 73.
Seafoith, Earl. 86.
Searching Ale Houses. 94, 109, 125.
Searching Houses. 72.
Seaton. 10.
Sectarian Army. 112, 114.
Securitie. 113.
Seik Folk. 72.
Service Book. 76.
Shale Ornaments Found. 161.
Shearing on Sabbath Day. 91, 99, 135.
Sheriff of Angus. 2.
Sheriffmuir Battle of. 42, 50, 150.
Sir James the Rose. 52.
Siward, Sir John. 5.
Slandering. 83, 89.
Smoking. 144.
Smuggling Days. 151.
Snow Storm. 123.
Solemn League and Covenant. 36, 76, 99,
100, 102, 108, 129.
Son of Penlition. 63.
Sorcerers. 88.
Spanish Cuurt. 34.
Spate, A. 71.
Start, The. 37.
States Provinces. 132.
St Andrews Castle. 47.
Do. College. 63.
St Johnstone. 5, 8, 11, 12.
St Mary's. 65.
Stick with Cleek. 81.
Stipend. 63.
Stirling, Battle of. 7.
Stocks. 91, 128.
Stools in Church. 92, 100.
Stool of Repentance. 88, 90, 123.
Stone Coffins Found. 163.
Stone Vessels Fovmd. 162.
Strathmartine Parish. 70, 73.
Strathmore, Descent upon. 79.
Do. Earl. 146.
Do. Family. 41, 42, 60.
Strictness of Times. 148.
Striking. 93.
Superstitious Dread of Cromlech. 160.
Supplementary Act. 83.
Surgical Operation. 161.
Surrey, Earl of. 6.
Swearing. 86, 128.
Takinnes Worn. 72
Tar Brush. 81.
Tartan, Wearing of. 6?.
Taverns. 86, 91.
Tealing Parish. 70, 73.
Templars, Knight. 60.
Templelands. 60.
Tent for Refreshments in Churchyard. 149.
Testimonials. 106, 148.
Thack for Kirk. 68.
Thanksgivings. 92, 110, 112.
Threshing Corn. 101, 104.
Tickets. 134.
Tithes. 63, 65.
Tombstones. 166—9.
Tonsure, Wearing the. 62.
Tower, Wallace. 13.
l"reaty of Union. 149.
Troopers from Parish. 36.
Troopei-s Employed for Suppression of
Smuggling. 153.
Tulzing. 142.
'Pumuli. 159.
Turks, Victims of. 125.
Turners. 141.
Tyndale's New Testament. 68.
l>rie, Rev. Alex. 70, 73.
Ulster Over-run. 138.
Unlawful Engagement. 36, 96, 97, 109.
Urns. 161.
Vagabonds. 72, 93.
Vagabond Schollers. 73.
Vault for Burial. 76.
Vessels, Sacred. 63.
Vestments. 63, 69.
Vicarage, The. 61, 62.
Vicars. 63.
Vicci de Benimundus. 61.
Victory in Ireland. 142.
Violators of Churches. 66.
W
Wakes. 144.
Wallace, Sir William. 3-13.
Warning People. 81, 105, 123.
Water for Baptism. 64.
Waukening Sleepers. 81.
Weak Folk. 72.
Wedderburns, The. 68.
Weekly Catechizing. 101.
Weekly Lecture Day. 86.
Weems. 162.
Wells, Sacred. 124.
Weniyss, Rev. William. 78.
Whisky Smuggled. 152.
Wills, Making. 66.
Wine CeUar. 143.
Winehouse, Rev. George. 155.
Winning of a Living. 72.
Wishart. 68.
Witches. 88, 90, 103, 104, 122, 124, 133.
Wood Sales. 150.
Worm of Smuggler's Still. 154.
Worthless Incumbents. 140.
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