. 'JHQ
HHHE ANNALS OF THE BARBER-SURGEONS
*~ OF LONDON, COMPILED FROM THEIR
RECORDS AND OTHER SOURCES, BY SIDNEY
YOUNG, ONE OF THE COURT OF ASSISTANTS
OF THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF BARBERS
OF LONDON, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY AUSTIN
T. YOUNG.
Set me embrace ttjee, goob olb chronicle,
JEfyat rjast so long roalk'b fycmb tit fyanb a>itrj time.
Shakespeare.
+$
London :
BLADES, EAST & BLADES,
23, Abchurch Lane, E.C.
1890.
7
CI inery cliyloe be was, so gob me sane
Wei coube bte lot bloob, clvppe, cmb stjaue.
Chaucer,
PREFACE,
HAT the foundation of the Commerce, and consequently
of the Greatness, of London was laid by the old Livery
Guilds — few will question. Much is already known,
through the Histories of such of them as have been
written — and an apology from me is not needed for a
further contribution to so interesting a study. But whilst I make
no apology for the contribution, I crave the indulgence of my readers
for any shortcomings which, from a literary point of view, may appear
in this work ; I invite their attention to the matter, rather than to the
style in which it is expressed.
About eight years ago I applied to our Court for permission to
search the Records, and my request being complied with, I devoted such
spare time as I could secure from an engrossing occupation to the com-
pilation of these Annals. The work has necessarily led to the burning
of much midnight oil, because every extract and every line has been
made by my own pen. The researches have extended to the examina-
tion of all, and the transcript of a considerable portion of thirteen
lengthy Charters and sets of By-laws, as also to the entire perusal of
about a hundred books of Records. In addition to this, there has been
much labour expended at the British Museum, the Public Record
Office, the Guildhall, and Somerset House.
The material thus collected became so voluminous, that I
experienced considerable difficulty in separating it into Subject
Chapters, and also in deciding what to retain and what to reject ; my
iv c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
endeavour in this respect having been to preserve all that is really
interesting and curious, discarding dry legal passages, doubtful points,
and wearisome repetitions.
None but those who have had experience of the crabbed
eccentric writing and contractions of former times (see some of the
fac-si?nilcs given) and of the abbreviated "Court hand" Latin in which
Charters and other Records were penned, can have the least idea of
the trouble and care required in their deciphering ; but in this respect
I have not spared pains in giving literal and accurate transcripts.
In no case have I modernized the old spelling, or interfered with
the quaintness of the original expressions ; though all dates occurring
between the ist January and 24th March prior to the year 1752 (when
"old style" was extinguished) have been rectified, and the "historical
year," according to our present computation, given ; thus rendering the
chronology systematic, and avoiding confusion and inaccuracy.
It is a matter of the greatest regret, that whilst we possess some
earlier records, our Court Minutes previous to 1 55 1 are lost. It is con-
jectured that they must have been at the Hall in 1793 (as a partial list
of Masters was then compiled), but all trace of them has now disappeared.
Again, the Minutes from 1651-1689 are now missing, although they
were at the Hall about forty years ago.
I may here take the opportunity to remark that the Barbers and
Barber-Surgeons held a somewhat distinctive position apart from other
Companies, inasmuch as they were a Professional rather than a Trade
Guild, and their History, consequently, becomes invested with an especial
interest. Another point to which I, as a Barber, am proud to refer is
that our Company stood out, alone, as the pioneer of Technical
Education, hundreds of years before it became as popular as it now is.
From the middle of the fifteenth century the Company was careful to
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. v
provide for Surgical Lectures, and the regular and systematic instruction
of its members. The means originally employed may have been
primitive, but they were dictated by high motives, and gradually
extended and developed ; a Museum (a poor one, it is true) and a
valuable Library were founded, an Anatomical Theatre was built, and
every opportunity taken to encourage the Scientific study of Surgery —
all with results fraught with the greatest benefit, not only to London,
but to the Kingdom at large.
In conclusion, I desire to express my thanks to those who have
aided me in my work, and especially to my dear and valued friend,
Past Master Charles John Shoppee, whose practical assistance, advice
and encouragement all through, have been to me of the greatest service.
Mr. D'Arcy Power, M.A., has laid me under much obligation, and
particularly for revising and perfecting my translation of the Norman-
French Ordinances, 1 2th Rich. II. My son, Austin Travers Young,
has rendered valuable assistance in delineating the several Illustrations
throughout the work, and lastly, I must record, with gratitude, my
obligation to Mr. Edward Lawless for the attention and care bestowed
upon me on the numerous occasions of my visits to the Hall.
The preparation of this work, a somewhat arduous task for an
Amateur, has been to me purely a labour of love, and, in laying down
my pen I may be permitted to add, that my best wishes for the Ancient
Mystery of Barbers are summed up in the words of our time-honoured
toast, " The Worshipful Company of Barbers, Root and Branch, and
may it flourish for ever."
SIDNEY YOUNG.
Alwyne Road, Canonbury.
March, iSpo.
1889-18 9 0.
THE COURT OF THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY
OF BARBERS OF LONDON.
"§$Tctsf ev :
WILLIAM AARON ECCLESTONE, Esq.
"g&avbens :
WILLIAM LUMLEY, Esq.
JAMES COPE CORNISH, Esq.
JOSEPH WILSON, Esq.
HENRY EVANS, Esq.
CHARLES JOHN SHOPPEE, Esq.
JAMES HARVEY, Esq., Deputy.
HENLEY GROSE SMITH, Esq.
GEORGE AUSTIN, Esq.
RICHARD JAMES ATKINSON, Esq.
CHARLES HOWARD ATKINSON
Esq.
WALTER HENRY WILKIN, Esq.,
Alderman.
JONATHAN DENNY, Esq.
Jlsststcmfs :
THOMAS GEORGE DRIVER, Esq.
NATHAN SALAMAN, Esq.
JOHN CARY LOVELL, Esq.
EDWARD CHARLES CORNISH, Esq.
GEORGE AUSTIN, Jun., Esq.
WALTER LUMLEY, Esq.
THOMAS ARTHUR GREENE, Esq.
SIDNEY YOUNG, Esq.
ALFRED LOW, Esq.
CONTENTS
Preface
The Court of the Company 1889 1890
Contents ...
List of Illustrations, etc
Table of Leading Dates
The Names of the Masters and Wardens from the year 1 308
A list of such members of the Company as have served
Surgeon
A list of King's Barbers .
A list of members of the Company who have served the offices
or Lord Mayor of the City of London
Historical Account, The Barbers Unincorporate
Historical Account, The Barbers Incorporate ...
Extracts from Court Minutes, etc., more particularly relating
of the Company
Precedence
Court of Assistants
The Commonalty
Apprentices
Freemen ...
Liverymen
The Yeomanry
The Clerk
The Beadle
Surgery . . .
Surgical Lectures and Demonstrations
Wardens' and other Accounts . . .
Disputes ...
the Office of Serjeant
of Sheriff, Alderman
to the Internal History
PAGE
iii
vi
vii
ix
xii
18
19
19
21
51
169
239
242
252
261
270
273
276
288
299
308
361
379
423
VIII
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Heraldry ...
Feasts
The Irish Estate ...
Charities ...
Inventories
Plate
Pictures ...
Biographical Notices of Eminent Members
Lord Burgavenny
5i4
Lord Windsor
515
The Duke of Monmouth
515
The Earl of Leven
516
Sir John Aylef
516
Thomas Vicary
522
Richard Ferris
S24
John Pen
525
Nicholas Alcocke
527
Robert Balthrop
528
Sir Peter Proby
532
William Clowes
535
William Clowes, jun. ...
537
Thomas Thorney
538
Peter Thorney ...
539
John Gerard
540
Sir Thomas Bludder
545
Sundry Monumental Inscriptions
Appendices
Martin Browne
Edward Arris
Sir John Frederick
Sir Nathaniel Heme
Sir John Lethieullier
Ephraim Skinner
Sir Humphrey Edwin
Sir William Stewart
Charles Bernard
Sir John Bull
Claudius Amyand
Sir Thomas Challoner
William Cheselden
Ambrose Dickins
Sir Cresar Hawkins, Bart
Walter Henry Wilkin ...
1'AGE
431
443
468
481
486
492
508
514
546
547
550
554
556
55S
560
562
563
565
565
567
568
570
571
572
573
575
ERRATA,
p. 28 1. 20, for "religions" read "religious.'
p. 126 1. 7, for " Sugeons " read "Surgeons."
p. 135 1. 3, for " 1869" read " 1864."
p. 144 1. 20, for " 1869" read " 1864."
p. 169 foot note I, for " 1526" read " 1525."
p. 258 1. 3, for "freemen" read "freeman."
p. 473 1. 7, for " Peek " read " Peck."
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, &c.
Frontispiece — Henry VIII, from a portrait by Holbein at the Hall
Old Cabinet of Masters' Names at the Hall
Historical Account
Henry VIII and Edward IV... ...
Great Seal of Edward IV
Fac-simile, Grant to Robert Ferbras and others, of property in Walbi
Fac-simile, Saints Cosmo and Damian, and the Surgeons' Arms
Fac-simile of a Diploma granted to a Surgeon in 1497 ...
Portrait of Sir Thomas More...
Holbein's Picture at Barbers' Hall ...
Facsimile Page of Court Minute Book
Initial of Charter, Philip and Mary...
Heading of By-Laws, 1606
Interior of Court Room
Plan of Estate
Old Entrance to Barber-Surgeons' Hall
The Committee Room, Barbers' Hall
A Master and Wardens, etc. ...
Fac-simile Title-page to Charter Book
Fac-simile Corn Note ...
The Compter in Wood Street
Portion of the Master's Silver Garland
A Grotesque, over the Court Room Door ...
A Procession of Liverymen
An Initial Letter from the Audit Book
21
5'
55
rook, 1462
61
69
69
77
§3
99
IOI
116
132
135
144
168
169
197
212
213
239
242
252
252
A
X
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Seals of some of the Charters ...
Autograph of Charles Bernard (Clerk
John Paterson ...
E. L
One of the Beadle's Mace Heads
Surgical Instruments, &c.
Alderman Arris ...
Sir Charles Scarborough and Alderman Arris at a Demonstration, on either side
S. Cosmo and S. Damian ...
An Initial Letter from the Audit Book
Fac-simile Page of Court Minute Book
Upper and Middle Wardens' Garlands
An Initial Letter from the Audit Book
An Initial Letter from the Audit Book
Barber-Surgeons' Hall, 1 674-1 864
Renter Warden's Garland
Disputants at the Bar of the Court
Inigo Jones
Arms of the City of London, the Barbers, the Surgeons, and England
The Barbers' Arms
Engraving in Bowl of Henry VII ['s Cup
The Barber-Surgeons' Arms, 1561
The Barber-Surgeons' Arms, 1569
Serving a Feast ...
The Irish Estate
The Old Poors' Box, and names of Benefactors
Taking an Inventory
Some of the Plate
Henry VIII's Grace Cup
King Charles' Cup, Queen Anne's Punch Bowl, and Atkinson's Punch Ladles
Martin Browne's and Sir John Frederick's Loving Cups
Collins' Flagon, Monforde's Hammer, and Arris' Cups
Tea Spoons
The North Side of the Court Room ...
^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons.
XI
s. y
Portraits of Sir John Aylef and Thomas
Arms of Sir John Aylef...
John Pen
Robert Balthrop
Sir Peter Proby
■ William Clowes
John Gerard ...
Martin Browne
Edward Arris ...
Sir John Frederick ...
■ Sir Nathaniel Heme ...
Sir John Lethieullier ...
Ephraim Skinner
Sir Humphry Edwin . . .
. Sir William Stewart ...
Charles Bernard
Sir John Bull
Claudius Amyand
Sir Thomas Challoner
William Cheselden
Ambrose Dickins
Sir Cassar Hawkins, Bart.
■ Walter H. Wilkin ...
Seals of the Barber-Surgeons . . .
Vicary
, after Holbein
5M
522
516
525
528
532
535
54°
546
547
55°
554
556
558
560
562
563
565
565
567
568
5 7°
57i
572
575
TABLE OF LEADING DATES
1308. Richard le Barber, the first Master of the Barbers' Company, is sworn at
Guildhall.
1388. The Masters of the Company make a return to the King's Writ, and set forth their
then ancient ordinances.
145 1. Grant of Arms to the Masters of Barbery and Surgery within the Craft of
Barbers.
1462. Edward IV incorporates the Barbers by Royal Charter.
1493. Informal alliance between the Barbers (Barber-Surgeons) and the Fellowship of
Surgeons.
1530. The Barbers' Ordinances are settled and allowed by Sir Thomas More.
1540. The Fellowship of Surgeons are united (by Act of Parliament 32 H. VIII) to the
Company of Barbers.
1569. Grant of Arms to the Barber-Surgeons.
1605. James I grants a new Charter.
1629. Charles I grants a new Charter.
1684. All of the Company's Charters are surrendered to the King.
1685. James II grants a new Charter.
1745. The Surgeons are separated (by Act of Parliament 18 G. II) from the
Barbers.
THE NAMES OF THE
MASTERS AND WARDENS
From the Year 1308.
K.TS. signifies King's Barber; K.S. King's Surgeon, and S.S. Serjeant-Surgeon.
An0-
Masters of the Barbers.
Sworn at Guildhall.
130S
Richard le Barber.
December, 1308.
I37S
John Queldrick.
1376
Lawrence de Weston.
John de Grantone.
1377
Thomas Boyvel.
Will'"- Osneye.
26 August, 1377.
1378
John Paeon.
Richd- Morys.
15 October, 1378.
1382
Richd Capoll.
John Haydon.
19 September, 1382.
1383
Reginald Godard.
Walter Giseboum.
15 September, 1383.
1384
William May.
Simon Conyngesby.
6 October, 1384.
1386
John Paeon.
John Levelyf.
13 April, 1386.
1388
John Shepey.
Richd- Caupoll.
16 April, 1388.
1388
John Haydon.
Henry Cook.
10 September, 1388.
1389
Rich1' Geddyngs.
John Cheyr.
22 September, 1389.
1390
John Paeon.
John Bestchirche.
31 August, 1390.
'391
John Childe.
Will"1- Chapman.
27 November, 1391.
2
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
An"
Masters.
Wardens.
Masters of the Barbers
practising the art of
Surgery.
Simon Rolf.
!4!5
Richard Wrellys.
1416
John Brampton.
John Morysch.
Richard Clerc.
John Parker.
Simon Rolf.
1417
Richard Wellys.
John Queldryk.
Will"'- Chapeley.
John Child.
John Parker.
1419
Roger Rooke.
John Dalton.
John Blakye.
Rich"- Wellys.
Simon Roolf.
1421
John Branton.
Will"1' Shiplake.
Will"'- Bacon.
1423
Will"'- Hunnc.
Will'"- Chapelyn.
Willm- Ryggewyk.
Simon Rolf.
John Dalton.
1424
Richd- Snadenham.
John Queldryk.
Rich'1' Merlawe.
Richd- Welles.
Simon Rolf.
1428
Simon Poule.
John Purchas.
Simon Rolf.
Rich"- Welles.
1441
Pierce Pope.
John Warwick.
John Roote.
1442
Pierce Pope.
John Warwick.
John Roote.
1443
John Roote.
John Urse.
John Waystbe.
1444
Henry Grave.
John Grafton.
John Mereston.
1445
Henry Grave.
John Grafton.
John Mereston.
1446
John Blakey.
Roger Scripe.
Will"1- Legge.
M47
John Daulton.
\Villm' Woodhouse.
Tho5- Willot.
An0-
Masters.
Wardens.
1448
John Struge.
John Hobbis.
John Grafton.
John Porter.
1449
Thos- Geffery.
John Warwick.
Will-- Hill.
Roger Webb.
145°
John Grafton.
John Wale.
John Wakeley.
Edmund Callowe.
I451
John Struge.
Tho5- Willot.
Tho5- Wallis.
Hugh Harte.
i452
John Wakeley.
John I'orter.
Willm- Legge.
Rob'- Dasons.
1453
John Daulton.
Edmund Callowe.
Roger Scripe.
John Caster.
1454
John Urle.
Will"1- Hill.
Tho5- Wallis.
Will1"- Hayles.
1455
John Grafton.
John Pinchon.
Rob'- Dasons.
John Wilkinson.
1456
Roger Scripe.
Tho5- Browne.
Will'"- Whitebred.
Henry Brooke.
1457
Tho5- Willot.
John Pinchon.
John Caster.
John Lunne.
cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
3
An"-
Masters.
Wardens.
1453
John Porter.
Will'"- Hobbis.
Will'"- Pollet.
Reg'd- Young.
M59
John Caster.
Richd- Eastey.
Tho'- Castard.
John Morden.
1460
Will"1- Legge.
Hugh Harte.
John Saunders.
Tho5 Folliot.
1461
Roger Scripe.
Will"' Hobbes, S.S.
Tho5 Goddard.
Richd- Kent.
1462
Rob' Dallahouse.
John Pinchon.
Rowland Frankish.
John Springet.
1463
Will™- Hill.
Richd- Gastey.
Rcgin,<!- Young.
Richd- Cappell.
1464
John Grafton.
Richd- Eastey.
Thos- Goddard.
Will"1- Whitebred.
1465
Tho5- Willot.
Tho1- Wallis.
Tho5 Collard.
John Bone.
1466
Reginld- Young.
Rowland Frankish.
Rich1' Kent.
Rob'- Holliday.
1467
John Caster.
Thos- Goddard.
Richd- Brightmore.
John Daunt.
1468
Rowland Frankish.
Rob'- Holliday.
Will"' Atwood.
Thos- Green.
1469
Roger Scripe.
Rob'- Palmer.
John Morden.
1470
Tho5- Goddard.
Richd- Brightmore.
Will1"- Pallet.
Barth"'- Crosby.
1471
Will"1' Whitebred.
Lawrence Austin.
Will1"- Pewall.
Rob'- Scott.
1472
John Pinchon.
Rob'- Scarlett.
Richd- Lucas.
Edmund Walsh.
1473
Will"'- Hill.
Rob'- Palmer.
John Drumacks.
John Hingham.
1474
Rob'- Dallahouse.
Rob'- Scott.
John Johnson.
William Gatard.
1475
Rob'- Holliday.
Lawrence Austin.
Will"- Horton.
Richd- Southnam.
1476
Richd- Kent.
BartrT- Crosby.
Will'"- Pewall.
John Wilson.
1477
Reginald Young.
Rob'- Scarlett.
George Robinson.
Richd- Chambers.
1478
John Morden.
Alex'- Slight.
Philip Potter.
Simon Cole.
1479
Rob'- Studdis.
Will'"- Horton.
Lawrence Rogers.
Tho5- Parkins.
1480
Will™- Pewall.
Rob'- Palmer.
John Johnson.
Richd- Moneycock.
1481
Tho5, Goddard.
Lawrence Austin.
Rich'1- Lucas.
John Denmark.
1482
Will"1- Horton.
Rob'- Scarlett.
Richd- Chambers.
Richd- Southnam.
1483
Rob'- Holliday.
James Scott.
John Stanton.
Richd- Hay ward.
1484
John Pinchon.
John Johnson.
Edward Walch.
Rob'- Lilley.
1485
Rob'- Holliday.
Philip Potter.
John Tounnyage.
Richd Hayward.
i486
Reginald Young.
Rich13- Chambers.
John Wilson.
John Papworth.
1487
Richd- Lucas.
Simon Cole.
John Johnson.
Richd- Nevell.
1488
Rob'- Scarlett.
Philip Potter.
Ralph Dowell.
Will"'- Oakley.
1489
Rob'- Palmer.
Richd- Hammond.
James Ingolsby.
Owyn Mayne.
1490
Rob'- Holliday.
Richd- Suddenham.
John Johnson.
Tho5- Walton.
1491
John Johnson, Sen'-
Tames Scott.
Ralph Dowell.
Nicholas Lyving.
B 2
4
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Av
Masters.
Wardens.
1492
John Johnson.
Richd- Haward.
Rich'1- Nevell.
Henry Tyley.
*493
James Scott.
James Ingolsby.
Tames Holland.
•
Roger Sheene.
1494
Robert Scarlett.
Owyn Mayne.
Nich*1- Lyving.
John Browne.
1495
Rich"- Nevell.
James Ingolsby.
James Holland.
Will"1- Newton.
1496
Rob'- Holliday.
Willm- Oakley.
John Knott.
Tho5- Dawes.
'497
John Johnson.
Roger Sheene.
Andrew Oliver.
Henry Haselhurst.
149S
James Scott.
James Ingolsby.
John Sommers.
Henry Geery.
1499
Richd- Heyward.
James Holland.
John Robertson.
John Botelier.
1500
James Scott.
Tho5- Daniell.
John Knott.
Will"1 Maresfield.
1501
James Ingolsby.
Nich5- Lyving.
Henry Geery.
Will'"- Ashwell.
1502
Roger Sheene.
John Knott.
Thos Atkinson.
John Peerson.
i5°3
Nich5- Lyving.
Henry Haselhurst.
Will1"- Lythego.
Tho5- Apleton.
i5°4
Tho5- Dawes.
Thos Atkinson.
Will" Withers.
John Oakley.
i5°5
Henry Haselhurst.
John Peerson.
Will"'- Kerkby.
Edmd- Milliners.
1506
James Ingolsby.
Henry Geery.
John Woodward.
Thos- Gibson.
i5°7
John Johnson.
John Knott.
war Ashweii.
John Mullyns.
1508
Nich5- Lyving.
John Peerson.
Will'"- Kerkby.
John Tayler.
J5°9
Henry Geery.
Will'"- Lythego.
John Woodward.
Rob'- Misleden.
1510
John Knott.
Tho5- Apleton.
War Hopkinson.
Edwd- Potter.
IS"
John Peerson.
Will"1- Kerkby.
Tho5- Gibson.
Thos- Martin.
L512
John Johnson.
Will1"- Lythego.
John Oakley.
Rob'- Maynard.
1513
James Holland.
Will"' Ashwell.
John Tayler.
Nich5- Morton.
I5M
Will'" Kerkby.
Tho5, Gibson.
Walter Kellet.
Henry Baldwin.
ISIS
Will"' Lythego.
John Woodward.
Edwd Potter.
Edwd- Arundell.
1516
Tho5 Apleton.
John Tayler.
Rob'- Handsom.
Rich"- Went.
!Si7
John Johnson.
John Oakley.
Roger Foster.
\Villm- Morreyson.
1518
Tho5, Gibson.
Henry Baldwin.
Rob' Myneyard.
Tho5' Twynne.
ISI9
John Peerson.
Walter Kellet.
Richd- Ude.
John Banks.
1520
John Peerson.
Edw'1 Potter.
John Banks.
Henry Cazor.
1521
Tho5- Gibson.
EdW Potter.
Edwd- Arundell.
George Brian.
1522
Tho5- Gibson.
Nich5- Morton.
Rich"- Went.
Richd- Sermont.
1523
John Tayler.
Nich5- Morton.
Rich'1- Went.
Richd- Sermont.
iS24
John Tayler.
Tho5- Twynne.
Richd- Tayler.
John Enderby.
152S
Will™- Kerkby.
Henry Baldwin.
Henry Cazor.
Tho5- Viccary.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
5
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1526
Edward Potter.
John Banks.
Rob'- Simson.
Will'"- Kidd.
1527
Henry Baldwin.
Tho5- Twynne.
Rich*'- Tayler.
John Younge.
1528
Walter Kellet.
Tho*- Viccary.
John Potter.
Tho5- Sutton.
iS29
Tho5 Gibson.
Edward Arundell.
John Enderby.
Richd- Gowcr.
153°
Tho5- Viccary, 5.5.
Richd- Tayler.
Ralph Garland.
John Ayliffe.
1531
Henry Baldwin.
Henry Cazor.
Tho5- Wench.
Nichs- Simpson.
IS32
John Banks.
John Potter.
John Ayliffe.
George Holland.
IS33
Will'"- Kerkby.
Ralph Garland.
Peter Daiseman.
James Tompson.
1534
John Potter.
John Goodby.
Rob' Postle.
John Bird.
1535
John Potter.
John Ayliffe.
John Bird.
Charles Wyght.
1536
Tho5- Twynne.
Ralph Garland.
James Tompson.
John Newman.
1537
Nich5- Simpson, K.B.
John Johnson.
George Holland.
Will'" Rewe.
1538
Sir John Ayliffe, K.S.
John Bird.
Tho5- Surbut.
George Geene.
1539
John Penn, K.B.
K. Barber.
John Hutton.
Henry Pemberton.
1540
EdmundHannan,A".j5.
JamesMonford,A'.5.
William Tilley.
Rob'- Sprignall.
iS4i
Tho5- Viccary, S.S.
James Tompson.
Tho5, Johnson.
Richd- Bowie.
IS42
John Bird.
Charles Wyght.
Will"'- Sherborn.
John Gyle.
1543
John Johnson.
George Holland.
JamesMonford,A".5.
James Banks.
James Tompson.
Robert AVaterford
Chrisf- Salmon.
IS44
John Younge.
Rob'- Postle.
Rich'1 Bowie.
John Atkinson.
1545
John Bird.
George Geene.
Henry Pemberton.
Rob'- Brownhill.
1546
Tho5' Viccary, 5.5.
Will'"- Tilley.
Dan'- Sambrook.
Tho5- Gale.
1547
John Enderby.
Peter Daiseman.
Rob' Sprignall.
John Smith.
IS43
Tho5, Viccary, S.S.
John Skinner.
John Newman.
John Gyle.
WilT- Otherborn.
IS49
Geoe- Holland.
Rob'- Waterford.
Rob'- Brownhill.
Augustine Clarke.
1.55°
Geo° Geene.
Tho5, Johnson.
Rich" Bowie.
Thos- Stockdale.
Matthw- Johnson.
I5SI
Richd- Ferris.
Rob'- Sprignell.
John Barker.
James Wood.
1552
Christ'- Salmon.
Tho5 Knott.
Aug"6 Clarke.
Rich1'- Elliot.
1553
Richd Bowie.
John Atkinson.
Tho5 Whittingham.
Hugh Lymcocke.
1554
Rob'- Sprignell.
Augne- Clarke.
Will'"- Green.
John Bonnar.
1555
Tho5- Knott.
Tho5- Gale.
John Smythe.
Tho5 Fysshe.
I5S6
Geo. Holland, K.S.
Rob1, Brown.
Alexr- Mason.
Rich'1 Tholmwood.
6
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
An".
Masters.
Wardens.
1557
! Thos- Viccary, S.S.
Thos- Whittingham.
James Wood.
John Warren.
155S John Atkinson.
Hugh Lymcocke.
William Walton.
1 Geo. Vaughan.
1559
George Geene.
Will1"- Greene.
Tho* Baylie.
! John Smarthwaite.
1560
Tho5 Whittingham.
James Wood.
John Bonnar.
Rob'- Balthrop.
1561
Thos- Gale.
Alex'- Mason.
John Standon.
Rob'- Mudesly.
1562
Richd- Ferris, S.S.
Will"'- Walton.
Rob'- Mudesly.
Richd- Hughes.
1563
Rob'- Brownhill.
Rich1'- Tholmwood.
Geo. Vaughan.
John Weste.
1564
WiHm- Greene.
Rob'- Balthrop.
Tho5 Robinson.
Nichs- Archenbold.
1565
Rob'- Balthrop, S.S.
Geo. Vaughan.
Rich4, Hughes.
Geo. Corron.
1566
James Wood.
Thos- Barber.
Nichs- Archenbold.
Thos- Burston.
1567
Alex'- Mason.
Rob'- Mudesly.
Geo. Corron.
John Robinson.
1568
Richd- Tholmwood.
Nichs. Archenbokl.
Thob Burston.
Rich"- Wisto (died.)
[ohn Field.
1569
George Vaughan (died. )
Alex'- Mason.
John Standon.
John Field.
Humphry Paris.
1570
Thos- Barber.
Rich''- Hughes.
John Robinson.
John Yates.
i57i
Thos- Barber.
George Corron.
Rob'- Clarke.
Will'"- Bovey.
1572
Rob'- Mudesly.
John Robinson.
Thos- Banks.
Edwd- Ireland.
iS73
Alex'- Mason (died.)
Rob'- Balthrop, S.S.
Thos- Burston.
John Hitchen.
Will'"- Bull.
J574
Richd- Hughes.
Thos- Robinson.
Will'"- Bovey.
Richd- Upton.
1575
George Corron (died.)
Thos Whittingham.
John Feild.
Will"' Swaine.
John Mason.
1576
Thos- Burston.
Thos- Banckes.
John Yates.
Will'"- Crowe.
iS77
John Feild.
John Hitchen.
Christ'- Swaldell.
Henry Rankyn.
i57S
Thos- Banckes.
John Yates.
Rich"- Wisto.
Leonard Coxe.
1579
John Hitchen.
William Bovey.
William Crowe.
Tho5 Bird.
1580
Rob'- Mudesly.
Christ'- Swaldell.
Edward Ireland.
John Haysie.
1581
Will"'- Bovey.
Will"1- Swaine.
Henry Rankyn.
Edwd- Griffin.
1582
Thos- Banckes.
Will"'- Crowe.
Leonard Coxe.
Richd- Wood.
1583
Christ'- Swaldell.
Rich'1- Wisto.
Tho5- Bird.
Will'"- Gale.
1584
John Hitchen.
Henry Ranken.
John Haysie.
Richd- Sprignall.
1585
Will"- Crowe.
Leonard Coxe.
Rich4 Wood.
Henry Bradley.
1586
Richd- Wisto.
John Haysie.
Edward Griffin.
John Leycock.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
7
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1537
Henry Rankyn.
Tho" Bird.
Rich'1 Sprignall.
John Johnson.
1 5 88 : Leonard Coxe.
Rich'1- Wood.
Will'" Borne.
George Denham.
1589 John Haysie.
Edward Griffin.
Will"'- Gooderus.
John Martin.
1590 Thos Bird.
Will"'- Gale.
Thos- Wayte.
John Izard.
1 59 1 Rich*1- Wood.
Rich'1- Sprignall.
Geo. Baker, S.S.
James Bates.
1592 Edward Griffin.
WiirGooderus,^.^'.
Geo. Denham.
John Dards.
1593
Christ7- Swaldell.
John Leycock.
John Izard.
John Burgess.
1594
Will'"- Gooderus, S.S.
Will'"- Borne.
Will"1 Clowes.
John Newsom.
1595
Will"1- Gale.
John Martyn.
James Bates.
John Peck.
1596
Thos- Banckes.
John Izard.
Tho5, Warren.
Lewis Atmer.
1597
George Baker, S.S.
James Bates.
John Dards.
John Gerrard.
1598
John Leycock.
John Burgess.
Thos- Thorney.
Robert Johnson.
1599
Rich"- Wood.
John Dards.
John Newsom.
Will"1- Martyn.
1600
Will'"- Borne (died.)
John Leycock.
Tho5- Thorney.
Will"1- Martyn.
Edwd- Rodes.
1601
John Martyn.
Lewis Atmer.
Christ'- Frederick.
Rob'- Fuller.
1602
Tho5- Thorney.
William Martyn.
Edwd- Rodes.
Thos- Martyn.
1603
Will-- Gooderus, S.S.
John Peck.
Rob' Fuller.
John Richmond.
1604
John Leycock.
Christ'- Frederick.
Thos- Martyn.
Rich4 Mapes.
1605
John Peck.
Edwd- Rodes.
Willm- Fyninge.
John Fenton.
1606
William Martyn.
Thomas Thorney.
Rob'- Fuller.
Rich'1- Mapes.
Randall Foster.
1607
John Gerrard.
Thos- Martyn.
John Fenton.
Tho5- Veare.
1608
Edward Rodes.
Richd- Mapes.
Robert Johnson.
Roger Jenkins.
1609
Christ'- Frederick, S.S.
Will"1- Fyninge.
Randall Foster.
Edwd- Ingolsby.
1610
William Gale (died.)
John Pecke.
John Fenton.
Tho5 Veare.
John Hassall.
1611
Robert Fuller.
Rob'- Johnson.
Roger Jenkins.
Abraham Allen.
1612
Richard Mapes.
Randall Foster.
Abraham Allen.
John Kerrell.
1613
John Fenton.
Thomas Veare'(aW)
Edw'1- Ingolsby.
John Coghill.
1614
John Hassall.
Roger Jenkins.
John Kerrell.
Lewis Rogers.
1615
Sir Peter Proby, Aid.
Edward Ingolsby.
John Coghill.
Richd- Cooper.
1616
Christ' Frederick, S..S.
John Kerrell.
Lewis Rogers.
Jasper Arris.
1617
Ralph Bovey.
LewisRogers2(tffo/)
Jasper Arris.
Peter Porter.
1 John Hassell chosen Warden.
'■ Richd- Cooper chosen Warden.
8
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1618
Edward Ingolsby.
Henry Ofeild.
Peter Porter.
Thos- Borne.
1619
John Coghill.
Peter Porter.
Thos Borne.
Thos- Allen.
1620
Richard Cooper.
Thos Borne.
Thos Allen.
John Newman.
1621
Randall Foster.
Thos Allen.
Dominic Lomleine.
John Dards.
1622
Alexander Baker, J.P.
Jasper Arris ' (died.)
John Newman.
Rich4 Wateson.
1623
John Kerrell.
Dominic Lomleine
Richd- Wateson.
Richd- Thornebury.
1624
Joseph Fenton.
Richd- Wateson.
Richd- Thornebury.
Andrew Wheatley.
1625
Henry Ofeild.
Rich'1- Thornebury.
James Molines.
John Wroodall.
1626
William Clowes, S.S.
James Molines.
Andrew Wheatley
Richd- Morrice.
1627
Tho'Caldwell, Esquire,
K.B.
Thomas Borne (died.)
Andrew Wheatley.
John Woodall.
Dan1 Hinxman.
1628
ThosCald well, Esquire,
K.B.
John Borne.
Will-- Walker.
Arthur Dowton.
1629
Dominic Lomeline.
Richd Morrice.
Arthur Dowton.
George Roades.
1630
Richard Wateson,
Surgeon in Ordinary to
the King.
John Newman.
Dan1 Hinxman.
Edwd- Wraterhouse.
1631
Richd' Thornbury.
Dan1 Hinxman.
Tobias Johnson.
Henry Blackley.
1632
James Molines.
Arthur Dowton.
Rich"- Powell.
John Ward.
1633
John Woodall.
Rich"- Powell.
Henry Blackley.
George Predey.
1634
Richard Morrice.
Henry Blackley.
John Heydon.
John Davyes.
163S
Michael Andrews,
Surgeon in Ordinary to
the King.
John Warde.
Nicholas Heath.
Will"1- Huckle.
1636
Richard Powell.
John Heydon.
Will'"- Huckle.
Lawrence Cotton.
1637
Henry Blackley.
Will"1- Burgin.
Lawrence Cotton.
Thos- Trevellion.2
(Dismissed.)
1638
William Clowes, -S'.-S'.
William Lingham.
George Dunn.
Henry Wateson.
1639
Thomas Davyes, K.B.
Nicholas Heath.
Thos- Collins.
Will-- Bignell.
1640
John Heydon.
Henry Wateson.
Martin Browne.
Thos- Browne.
1 64 1
John Ward.
Lawrence Cotton.
Thos Browne.
John Pinder.
1642
William Burgin.
George Dunne.
Edward Arris.
John Lufkin.
1643
Nicholas Heath.
Will"1- Bignell.
John Lufkin.
Henry Boone.
1644
William Huckle.
Thos- Collins.
Henry Boone.
Robert Clarke.
164S
Lawrence Cotton.
Martin Browne.
Robert Clarke.
Will"1- Gurney.
' John Dards chosen Warden.
: Will'"' Lingham chosen Warden.
oAnn
als of the Barber-Surgeons.
9
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1646
George Dunne.
William Kings.
Will'" Gurney.
Ralph Foster.
1647
William Bignell.
Henry Boone.
Ralph Foster.
Will1"- Bennett.
164S
Thomas Collins.
RobL Clarke.
Will"- Bennett.
John Madocks.
1649
Robert Clarke.
Willm-Bennett,(<fiW)
John Madocks.
Tho" Allen.
1650
William Kings.
Will"1- Gurney.
John Frederick.
Chas- Stamford.
1651
Edward Arris, Aid.
Ralph Foster.
Thomas Allen.
Thos Turner.
1652
William Gurney.
Rob' Bullock.
Chas- Stamford.
Rob'- Westbrooke.
1653
Martin Browne.
John Madocks.
Tho5- Turner.
Lawrence Loe.
1654
Sirjohn Frederick, Aid.
Tho5- Allen.
Abraham Clarke.
Tho5 Bowden.
1655
Henry Boone.
Tho5- Turner.
Lawrence Loe.
Thos- Kingman.
1656
Ralph Foster.
Cha5- Stamford.
Nicholas Brothers.
John Perkins.
1657
Robert Bullock.
Robert Westbrook
Will"'- Watson.
Tho5 Calveley.
165S
John Madocks.
Sirjohn Frederick,.-.//^/.
Lawrence Loe.
Will"' Rymmer.
Ralph Thickness.
1659
Thomas Allen.
Charles Stamford.
John Perkins.
Ralph Thickness.
John Sotherton.
1660
Thomas Turner.
Thomas Bowden.
John Sotherton.
Thomas Burton.
1661
Humphry Painter, S.S.
Tho5- Calveley.
Tho5- Burton.
Tho5- Canham.
1662
Thomas Lisle, K.B.
Nicholas Brothers.
James Farre.
Joseph Bynns.
1663
John Knight, S.S.
John Sotherton.
Joseph Bynns.
Tho5- Hall.
1664
Ralph Foliard, K.B.
Ralph Thickness.
Tho" Hall.
Tho5- Hollier.
1665
Richard Wiseman, S.S.
Tho5- Canham.
Tho5 Hollier.
John Harvie.
1666
1667
Thomas Calveley.
Lawrence Loe.
Tho3 Hollier.
James Farre.
John Harvie.
James Pearse.
James Pearse,
Duke of York's Surgeon.
Will'"- Fryer.
1668
Thomas Canham.
James Pearse.
Will'"- Fryer.
Will'"- Markham.
1669
John Knight, S.S.
John Harvie.
Will"'- Markham.
Tobias Sedgwick.
1670
James Farre.
Tobias Sedgwick.
Will'"- Markham.
Henry Barker.
1671
Ralph Thickness.
Will"1- Fryer.
Henry Barker.
James Brooks.
1672
John Harvie.
Henry Barker.
James Brooks.
Henry Johnson.
1673
Tho5- Hollier.
James Brooks.
Henry Johnson.
Rich4 Powell.
1674
167S
Sir Nathaniel Heme,
Alderman.
James Pearse,
The Kings and Duke's
Surgeon.
Henry Johnson.
Rich"- Powell.
Rich* Powell.
Will'"- Perse.
Will"1- Perse.
Willm- Bellamy.
Martin Browne chosen Warden.
IO
cA minis of the Barber-Surgeons.
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1676
Sir John Letheuillier,
Sheriff.
Will"' Perse.
Will'" Bellamy.
Thos- Symonds.
1677
Henry Johnson.
John Knight, .S.^1.
Will'"- Bellamy.
Thos- Symonds.
Tho' Middleton.
1678
William Fryer.
Thos' Symonds.
Thos- Middleton.
Edmund Thorold.
1679
William Perse.
Philip Foster.
Thos Page.
Richd- Cheshire.
1680
James Brooks.
Edmund Thorold.
Rich'1- Cheshire.
George Horsnell.
1681
Edmund Thorold.
Thos- Middleton.
Geo. Horsnell.
Thos- Baylie.
1682
Richard Powell.
Thos- Page.
Thos- Baylie.
Edwd- Cockaigne.
1683
1684
Thomas Page.
Richard Cheshire.
Rich1'- Cheshire.
Geo. Horsnell.
Edw'1- Cockaigne.
Rob' Leeson.
Rob'- Leeson.
Rob' Sanderson.
1685
George Horsnell.
Robert Eeeson.
Rob'- Sanderson.
John King.
1686
1687
1688
Robert Leeson.
Thomas Hobbs, 5.^.
Sir Humphry Edwin,
Alderman.
Robert Sanderson1
{died.)
John King.
Willm- Layfield.
John King.
Will"1- Layfield.
Roger Knowles.
Will'"- Layfield.
John Darling.
John Stambrooke.
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
John Conny, Esquire.
William Bellamy.
William Layfield.
John King.
Roger Knowles.
Richard Hewett.
John Stambrooke.
Roger Knowles.
John Jackson.
Henry Rossington.
Richd Hewett.
Thos- Gardiner.
Roger Knowles.
John Jackson.
Henry Rossington.
Richd- Hewett.
John Deane.
Will"1- Clarke.
John Darling.
Henry Rossington.
Richd- Hewett.
John Deane.
Will'"- Clarke.
Thos Caister.
1695
1696
Henry Rossington.
William Clarke.
Will'" Clarke.
Tho- Caister.
Thos- Caister.
George Minikin.
George Minikin.
Thos- Litchfeild.
1697
Thomas Gardiner, S.S.
George Minikin.
Thos- Litchfeild.
John Pinke.
1698
George Minikin.
Tho5' Litchfeild.
John Pinke.
James Wall.
1699
Thomas Litchfeild.
John Pinke.
James Wall.
Barthw- King.
1700
John Pinke.
James Wall.
Richd- Marks.
Will"" Oades.
1701
1702
James Wall.
Richard Marks.
Rich"- Marks.
Will'" Oades.
Will'"- Oades.
Ralph Hatley.
Ralph Hatley.
Will'"- Pleahill.
1703
1704
I7°S
Charles Bernard, S.S.
Ralph Hatley.
William Oades.
Ralph Hatley.
William Pleahill.
John Worts.
Will"- pleahill.
John Worts.
Zachh- Gibson.
John Worts.
Zachariah Gibson.
Will"'- Bond.
1706
John Worts.
Zach1' Gibson.
Will'"- Bond.
Gratian Bale.
' John Conny chosen Warden.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ii
An'
Masters.
Wardens.
1707
Zachariah Gibson.
Will'"- Bond.
Gratian Bale.
Will"'- Moss.
1708
William Bond.
Gratian Bale.
Will1"- Moss.
Anthy- Herenden.
1709
Gratian Bale.
WilliamMoss'(<//t'</. )
Edwd- Green.
Simon Lynch.
1710
Simon Lynch.
Ed.v'1' Green.
Will'"- Watkins.
Richd Harvey.
1711
Edward Green.
Will"1- Watkins.
Anth1'- Herenden.
Joseph Cousins.
1712
William Watkins.
Anthy- Herenden.
Joseph Cousins'
{died).
Joseph Greene.
1713
Anthony Herenden.
Will'"- Smith.
Rich4 Harvey.
Christopher Toms.
1714
William Smith.
Richard Harvey.
Christ'- Toms.
Alex' Geekie.
1715
Richard Harvey.
Christ'- Toms3(&(f).
Joseph Greene.
Robert Hayes.
1716
Robert Hayes.
Joseph Greene.
John Shott.
Will'"- Loup.
1717
Joseph Greene.
John Shott.
Alex'- Geekie.
James Northall.
1718
John Shott.
Alex'- Geekie.
James Northall.
Will'" Cotesworth,
Esquire.
1719
Alexander Geekie.
James Northall.
Will'"- Loup.
Sam1- Rayson.
1720
James Northall.
Will"'- Loup.
Sam'- Rayson.
Henry Myddelton.
1721
William Loup.
Sam'- Rayson.
Will'"- Cotesworth,
Esquire.
Will'"- Blanford.
1722
Samuel Rayson.
Will'"- Cotesworth,
Esquire.
Will1"- Blanford.
Will"1 Cole,Esquire.
1723
William Cotesworth,
Esquire.
Will"1- Blanford.
Henry Myddelton.
John Randall.
1724
William Blanford (*#«<*).
John Shott.
Henry Myddelton.
John Randall.
James Feme.
1725
Henry Myddelton.
John Randall.
Will'" Cole, Esquire.
January Farmer.
1726
John Shott.
Will"'- Cole, Esquire.
January Farmer.
Henry Bull.
1727
William Cole, Esquire.
January Farmer.
James Feme.
John Nicholls.
1728
January Farmer.
James Feme.
JohnNicholls4(^^).
Ambrose Dickins,
Esquire, .S..S.
1729
Ambrose Dickins, Esq.,
S.S. to Queen Anne,
King Ceo. I. ,
King Geo. II.
Will"'- Parker.
Claudius Amyand,
Esquire, •S'.-S.
Luke Maurice.
I730
William Parker.
Claudius Amyand,
Esquire, S.S.
Luke Maurice.
Edwd- Woodward.
1731
Claudius Amyand,
Esquire, £.£.
Luke Maurice.
Edwd- Woodward.
John Barnwell.
Will™- Watkins chosen Warden.
- Will"1- Smith chosen Warden.
W"j- Parker chosen Warden.
1 John Shott chosen Warden.
C 2
12
cAnnaU of the Barber-Surgeons.
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1732
Luke Maurice.
Edwd- Woodward.
John Barnwell.
Thos- Bridges.
1733
James Feme.
John Barnwell.
Thos Bridges.
John Watts.
1734
John Barnwell.
Thos- Bridges.
John Watts.
William Petty.
1735
Edward Woodward.
John Watts.
Will'"' Petty.
Dan'- Fradin.
1736
John Watts.
Will™- Petty.
Dan1 Fradin.
John Wheeler.
1737
Thomas Bridges.
Dan1- Fradin.
John Wheeler.
John Truelove.
1738
Daniel Fradin.
John Wheeler.
John Truelove.
James Dansie.
1739
William Petty.
John Truelove.
James Dansie.
Thos- Essington.
1740
John Truelove.
James Dansie.
Will™- Haddon.
Joseph Wood.
1741
John Wheeler {died.)
James Dansie.
Will™- Haddon.
John Hayward.
Jonathan Medley.
1742
William Haddon.
John Hayward.
Jonathan Medley.
Joseph Sandford.
1743
John Hayward.
Jonathan Medley.
Joseph Sandford.
Humphry Negus.
1744
Jonathan Medley.
Joseph Sandford.
Humphry Negus.
Will"1- Cheselden,
Esquire.
Memorandum. — That on the 24th June, 1745, The Surgeons were by Act of Parliament
separated from The Barbers.
An0-
Masters.
Wardens.
1745'
Jonathan Medley.
Humphry Negus.
Edwd- Boxley.
Sam'- Rutter.
1745
Humphry Negus.
Edwd- Boxley.
Sam' Rutter.
Rob' Scrooby.
1746
Edward Boxley.
Sam'- Rutter.
Rob'- Scrooby.
Richd- Swithin.
1747
Sam'- Rutter.
Rob' Scrooby.
Richd- Swithin.
John Bearblock.
1748
Robert Scrooby.
Richd- Swithin.
John Bearblock.
Will"1- Roberts.
1749
Richard Swithin.
John Bearblock.
Will™- Roberts.
Thos- Cotton.
175°
James Theobald, Esq.
John Bearblock.
Will™- Roberts.
Thos Cotton.
I7S1
John Bearblock.
Will™- Roberts.
Thos Cotton.
John Whiting.
I7S2
William Roberts.
Tho5, Cotton.
John Whiting.
Rich1'- Lookes.
1753
Thomas Cotton.
John Whiting.
Richd- Lookes.
PeterTheobald,Esq.
1754
John Whiting.
PeterTheobald,Esq.
John Pepys.
Will™- Glenister.
1755
John Pepys.
Will"1- Glenister.
Thomas Potter.
Michael FAns.
i756
Michael I'Ans.
John Blundell.
Will'"- Tillett.
Charles Moore.
1757
John Blundell.
Will™- Tillett.
Charles Moore.
Thomas Griffin.
Mr. Medley had been Master of the Barber-Surgeons from Election day, 1744, until the 24th June, 1745,
and was Master of the Barbers from that date until Election day, 1745, when Mr. Negus was chosen.
o/liuials of the Barber-Surgeons.
'i
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
I75S
William Tillett.
Charles Moore.
Thomas Griffin.
Alexander Glen.
1759
Charles Moore.
Thomas Griffin.
Alex'- Glen.
Achilles Preston.
1760
Thomas Griffin.
Alex'- Glen.
Achilles Preston.
John Lowther.
1761
SirThosChallenor,^i&
Alex'- Glen.
Achilles Preston.
John Lowther.
1762
Alex'- Glen {died.)
Achilles Preston.
John Lowther.
John Marshall.
Isaac Burton (died).1
1763
John Lowther.
John Marshall(<fifttf)?
Samuel Norton.
Will"'- Hurford.
1764
Samuel Norton.
Will'"- Hurford.
Will"'- Evans.
Will"1- Peirse.
1765
Will1" Hurford.
Will'"- Evans.
Will'"- Peirse.
Edwd- Parker.
1766
Will'"' Evans.
Will'"- Peirse.
Edwd- Parker.
Tho5- Holehouse.
1767
Will'"- Peirse.
Edwd- Parker.
Thos- Holehouse.
George Russell.
1768
Edward Parker.
Thos- Holehouse.
George Russell.
Sam1- Plackett.
1769
Thomas Holehouse.
George Russell.
Sam1- Plackett.
John Wilding.
1770
George Russell.
Sam1- Plackett.
John Wilding.
Thos- Barnett.
1771
Sam'- Plackett.
John Wilding.
Thos- Barnett.
Joseph Hill.
1772
John Wilding.
Thomas Barnett.
Joseph Hill3 (re-
signed).
John Rogers.
1773
Thomas Barnett.
John Rogers.
Timothy Baylie.
Geo. Veriar, Esq'0,
1774
John Rogers (died.)
Timothy Baylie.
Timothy Baylie.4
Geo. Veriar, Esq'0-
John Paterson, Esq.
1775
George Veriar, Esq'0-
John Paterson, Esq.
James Scott.
Richd- Wainwright.
1776
John Paterson, Esq'0-
James Scott.
Richd- Wainwright.
Will'"- Stock.
1777
James Scott.
Richd- Wainwright.
Will'"- Stock.
Will"1- Stagg.
1778
Rich'1, Wainwright.
Will'"- Stock.
Willra- Stagg.
James Potter.
1779
William Stock.
Will'"- Stagg.
James Potter.
Will"1- Kippax.
1780
William Stagg.
James Potter.
Will"1 Kippax.
Wlir- Roberts.
1781
James Potter.
Will'"- Kippax.
Will11'- Roberts.
Will"1- Slade.
1782
Will"1- Kippax.
Will* Roberts.
Will"1- Slade.
Thos- Harris.
17S3
Will1"- Roberts.
Will"1- Slade.
Henry Wichells.
John Berrow, Esq'0,
1784
William Slade.
Henry Wichells.
John Berrow, Esq'0
Will"1- Dodds.
178S
Henry Wichells.
John Berrow, Esq.
Will"1- Dodds.
Tho5- Garrood.
1786
John Berrow, Esq'0,
Will1"- Dodds.
Tho5- Garrood.
Thos- Golding.
1787
William Dodds.
Thos- Garrood.
Thos- Golding.
Rob' Emerton.
1 Sam1- Norton chosen Warden. 2 Will"1- Evans chosen Warden. 3 Timothy Baylie chosen Warden.
4 James Scott chosen Warden.
'4
zAtinals of the Barber-Surgeons.
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1788
Thomas Garrood.
Tho5 Golding.
Rob'- Emerton.
John Davison.
1789
Thomas Golding.
Rob'- Emerton.
John Davison.
Rob'- Downes.
1790
Robert Emerton.
John Davison.
Robert Downes.
Ralph Eden ' (re-
signed).
1791
John Davison.
Robert Downes.
Daniel Adams.
David Lamb.
1792
Robert Downes.
Daniel Adams.
David Lamb.
John Adams.
1793
Daniel Adams.
David Lamb.
John Adams2 {died).
George Grange.
1794
David Lamb.
George Grange.
Thomas Thompson.
John Slee.
1795
George Grange.
Tho5- Thompson.
John Slee.
John Knox.
1796
Thomas Thompson.
John Slee.
John Knox.
Edmd- Humphris3
(resigned).
1797
John Slee.
John Knox.
Rob' Douglas.
James Lyon.
1798
John Knox.
Rob1- Douglas.
James Lyon.
Francis Pearson.
1799
Robert Douglas.
James Lyon.
Francis Pearson.
Jeremiah James.
1800
James Lyon.
Francis Pearson.
Jeremiah James.
Joseph Atkinson.
1801
Francis Pearson.
Jeremiah James.
Joseph Atkinson.
James Speight.
1802
Jeremiah James.
Joseph Atkinson.
James Speight4
(died).
Thos' Herbert.
1803
Joseph Atkinson.
Thomas Herbert.
Willm- Long.
James Clay.
1804
Thomas Herbert.
Will'"' Long.
James Clay.
Joseph Wells.
1805
Willm- Long.
James Clay.
Joseph Wells.
Rob'- Garwood.
1806
James Clay.
Joseph Wells.
Rob'- Garwood.
Will'"- Baylie.
1807
Joseph Wells.
Robert Garwood.
Will"1- Baylie.
Tho5- Hampshire.
1808
Robert Garwood.
Wiir- Baylie.
Thos- Hampshire.
John Wilt.
1809
William Baylie.
Thomas Hampshire.
John Wilt.
John Hart.
1810
Thomas Hampshire.
John Wilt.
John Hart.
John Driver.
1811
John Wilt.
John Hart.
John Driver15 (died).
Charles Swan.
1812
Charles Swan.
Thomas Rowney.
Thomas Law.
Richd- Jones.
1813
Thomas Rowney.
Thomas Law.
Richd- Jones.
John Benj"- Cole.
1814
Thomas Law.
Richd Jones.
John Benj"- Cole.
Thomas Stimson.
1815
Richard Jones.
John Benj"- Cole.
Tho5- Stimson.
John Papps.
1816
John Benj"- Cole.
Tho5- Stimson.
Malcolm Dunnett.
Peter Skipper.
1817
Malcolm Dunnett.
Peter Skipper.
Richd- Morgan.
Tho5, Adam.
1818
Peter Skipper.
Richard Morgan.
Thos- Adam.
Anthony Lyon.
Dan'- Adams chosen Warden. - Thos- Thompson chosen Warden. 3 Thos- Herbert chosen Warden.
' John Field chosen Warden. s Thomas Law chosen Warden.
d/illlli
its oj we barber-burgeons.
15
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1819
Richard Morgan (<//<•</,).
Thomas Adam.
Thos- Adam."
Anthony Lyon.
Will-- Vale.
1820
Anthony Lyon.
Will™- Vale.
James Clapp.
James Carpenter.
1821
William Vale.
James Clapp.
James Carpenter.
Daniel Stewart.
1822
James Clapp.
James Carpenter.
Daniel Stewart.
James Hemp.
1823
James Carpenter.
Daniel Stewart.
James Hemp.
James King.
1824
Daniel Stewart.
James Hemp.
James King.
James Lyon.
1825
James Hemp.
James King.
James Lyon.
Thos- Kidder.
1826
James King.
James Lyon2 (died).
Thos- Kidder.
Warman Thorn.
1827
Thomas Kidder.
Warman Thorn.
Edwd- Grose Smith.
Geo. Whitehead.
1828
Warman Thorn.
Edwd- Grose Smith.
Geo. Whitehead.
Thos- Wharton.
1829
Edwd- Grose Smith.
Geo. Whitehead.
Thos- Wharton.
Will- Twinch.
1830
GeorgeWhitehead(<//V</)
Thomas Wharton.
Thos Wharton.3
Will-- Twinch.
Will1"- Robinson.
1831
William Robinson.
Samuel Closs.
Geo. Hadden.
Philip Lawton.
1832
Samuel Closs.
George Hadden.
Philip Lawton.
Henry Waite.
i833
George Hadden.
Philip Lawton.
Henry Waite.
Joseph Carter.
1834
Philip Lawton.
Henry Waite.
Joseph Carter.
John Benj"- Lings.
1835
Henry Waite.
Joseph Carter.
John Benjn- Lings.
William Sallis.
1836
Joseph Carter.
John Benjn- Lings.
Will"1- Sallis.
Thos- Skegg Driver.
i837
John Benjn- Lings.
Will'" Sallis.
Thos- Skegg Driver.
Sam1- Edenborough4
(died).
1838
William Sallis.
Thos- Skegg Driver.
Joel Edwards.
George Browne.
1839
Thos- Skegg Driver.
Joel Edwards.
George Browne.
Henry Patten.
1840
Joel Edwards.
George Browne.
Henry Patten.
Robert Low.
1841
Joel Edwards.
Henry Patten.
Robert Low.
John Atkinson.
1842
Henry Patten.
Robert Low.
John Atkinson.
George Sadler.
1843
Robert Low.
John Atkinson.
George Sadler.
ThosBurn Hopgood.
1844
John Atkinson.
George Sadler.
ThosBurn Hopgood.
John Colley.
1845
George Sadler.
Thos BurnHopgood.
John Colley.
John Annis.
1846
Thos- Burn Hopgood.
John Colley.
John Annis.
Will-- Vale.
1847
John Colley.
John Annis.
Will-- Vale.
Will'"- Hemp.
1848
John Annis.
Will1" Vale.
Will-- Hemp.
Alexr- Rowland.
1849
William Vale.
Will- Hemp.
Alex'- Rowland.
Will-- Hare.
1 James Clapp chosen Warden.
- Edward Grose Smith chosen Warden.
' Joel Edwards chosen Warden.
1 Sam1- Closs chosen Warden.
i6
c/?nnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
An°-
Masters.
Wardens.
1850
William Hemp.
Alexr- Rowland.
Will'"- Hare.
Richd- Haines.
1851
Alexander Rowland.
Will'"- Hare.
Rich4 Haines.
Sam'- Holehouse.
1852
William Hare.
Rich4 Haines.
Donald Gray.
Ralph Smith Kirby.
1853
Richard Haines.
Donald Gray.
Ralph Smith Kirby
(died). ■
Tho5- Will"1- Wood.
1854
Tho5- Will-- Wood.
James Fredk- Burn.
John Heaps.
Tho5- Brock.
1855
John Heaps.
Thos- Brock.
Robert Low.
James Carpenter.
1856
Thomas Brock.
Robert Low.
James Carpenter.
Tho5- Worton.
1857
Robert Low.
James Carpenter.
Tho5- Worton.
James Reeve.
1858
James Carpenter.
Tho5- Worton.
James Reeve.
Martin Love.
1859
Thomas Worton.
James Reeve.
Martin Love.
Will"1 Dunsfd- White.
i860
Martin Love.
Will1"- Dunsford
White.
Will"1- Riley.
John Swainston.
1861
Will"1- D. White.
Willm- Riley.
John Swainston.
George Whiting.
1862
William Riley.
John Swainston.
George Whiting.
Henley Smith.
1863
John Swainston.
George Whiting.
Henley Smith.
Abraham Western.
1864
Henley Smith.
Abraham Western'
(died).
John Swainston.
Francis Cuthbert-
son3 (died).
1865
Francis Snelling.
John Mason.
Thomas Carpenter.
John Waite.
1866
Thomas Carpenter.
John Waite.
Henry Sallis.
George Driver.
1867
John Waite.
Henry Sallis.
George Driver.
Will-- Dunnett.
1868
Henry Sallis.
George Driver.
Will"1- Dunnett.
James Cornish.
1869
George Driver.
William Dunnett.
James Cornish.
John Carter.
1870
John Carter.
James Douglas
Bennett4 (died).
Henry Evans.
Richard Atkinson
Cordell Loader.
1871
Henry Evans.
R. A. C. Loader.
Edward Stone.
Frederick Baker.
1872
R. A. C. Loader.
Edwd- Stone.
Fredk- Baker.
H*- Edwd- Murrell.
1873
Edward Stone.
Fredk- Baker.
H. Edward Murrell.
Thos- Emberson.
1874
Frederick Baker.
H. Edward Murrell.
Tho5- Emberson.
Edward Ruff.
187S
H. Edward Murrell.
Tho5- Emberson.
Edward Ruff.
Fredk- Wilson.
1876
Thomas Emberson.
Edward Ruff.
Fredk- Wilson.
Cha5- John Shoppee.
1877
Edward Ruff.
Fredk- Wilson.
Cha5, John Shoppee.
James Harvey, C.C.
1878
Cha5- John Shoppee.
James Harvey, C.C.
Jas- Henry Pitcher.
Benj"- Woolley.
1879
James Harvey, C.C.
Jas- Henry Pitcher.
Benj"- Woolley.
George Austin, sen'-
' Will"1- Hare chosen Warden.
: Will"1' Dunsford White chosen Warden. 3 Francis Snelling chosen Warden.
1 Edwd- Stone chosen Warden.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
17
An0-
Masters.
Wardens.
1880
Ja5- Henry Pitcher.
Benj"- Woolley.
Geo. Austin, sen'-
Will"1- Ruston.
1881
Benj"- Woolley.
Geo. Austin, senr-
Will"'- Ruston.
Rich''- Jas- Atkinson.
1882
Geo. Austin, sen'-
Will'"- Ruston.
Rich'1 Ja5- Atkinson.
Walter H> Wilkin,
Aid.
18S3
William Ruston.
Richd- Jas Atkinson.
Walter H>- Wilkin,
Aid.
Jonathan Denny.
1884
Richd- Jas- Atkinson.
Walter H* Wilkin,
Aid.
Jonathan Denny.
Cha5 Howard Atkin-
son.
1885
Walter Hy. Wilkin, Aid.
Jonathan Denny.
Tho5- George Driver.
Nathan Salaman.
1886
Jonathan Denny.
Thos- George Driver.
Edwd- Cha5, Cornish .
George Austin, junr-
1887
Edward Chas' Cornish.
George Austin, junr-
W'"- Aaron Eccle-
stone.
Will1"- Lumley.
1888
George Austin, junr-
Wm- Aaron Eccle-
stone.
Will"1- Lumley.
Jas- Cope Cornish.
1889
Wm- Aaron Ecclestone.
Will'" Lumley.
Jas- Cope Cornish.
Joseph Wilson.
D
18 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
A LIST OF SUCH MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY AS
HAVE SERVED THE OFFICE OF
SERJEANT SURGEON.
This List, as well as the list of King's Barbers, is un-
doubtedly incomplete, but contains the names of all those of whom
any record exists at Barbers' Hall. A short account of the Office
of Serjeant Surgeon etc., may be seen in The Medical Times for
1867, vol. 2, p. 438.
William Hobbes, W. 1461.
Thomas Vicary, M. 1530, &c.
Richard Ferris, M. 1562.
Robert Balthrop, M. 1565.
William Gooderus, M. 1594.
George Baker, M. 1597.
Christopher Frederick, M. 1609.
William Clowes, M. 1626.
Humphrey Painter, M. 1661.
John Knight, M. 1663.
Richard Wiseman, M. 1665.
Thomas Hobbs, M. 1687.
Thomas Gardiner, M. 1697.
Charles Bernard, M. 1703.
Ambrose Dickins, M. 1729.
Claudius Amyand, M. 1731.
John Ranby, S.S. to George II, sworn a foreign brother
of the Company 5 October, 1722.
Sir Caesar Hawkins, Bart., S.S. to George III, admit-
ted to the Livery 1736.
Thomas Gataker, S.S. to George III, was free of
the Company.
M. signifies Master. W. Warden.
c/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
'9
A LIST OF THE KING'S BARBERS.
Nicholas Simpson, M. 1537.
John Penn, M. 1539.
Edmund Harman, M. 1540.
Thomas Caldwell, M. 1628.
Thomas Davyes, M. 1639.
Thomas Lisle, M. 1662.
Ralph Foliard, M. 1664.
M. signifies Master.
A LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY WHO HAVE
SERVED THE OFFICES OF SHERIFF, ALDERMAN OR
LORD MAYOR OF THE CITY OF LONDON.
Name.
Master.
Sheriff.
Alderman.
Mayor.
Sir John Ayliffe (Grocer)
Sir Peter Proby (Grocer)
Sir John Frederick (Grocer)
M.P. for Dartmouth, M. P. for the City.
Edward Arris ...
Sir Nathaniel Heme ...
M.P. for Dartmouth.
Sir John Lethieullier ...
Sir Humphry Edwin (Skinner)
Sir William Stewart (Goldsmith)
Sir John Bull (Clothworker) ...
Sir Thomas Challoner ...
Walter Henry Wilkin
1538
1615
'654 I
1658 ]
1651
1674
1676
1688
1761
1885
1548
1614
1655)
1674
1674
1688
1711
1718
1762
Bridge Without, 1551
Dowgate
Queenhithe
Vintry, 1653
Coleman Street
Bridge Without, 1663
Billingsgate, 1676...
Tower
Cripplegate, 1 7 1 1
Aldgate, 1760
Lime Street, 1888.
1622
1661
1697
1721
D 2
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
THE BARBERS UNINCORPORATE.
HE origin of the Barbers' Guild partook of a religious
character ; and the meeting together of men of the
craft for religious observances, for attending the
funerals and obits of deceased members and their
wives, and for feasting once a year, gradually trans-
formed a semi-social and religious guild into what
ultimately became a purely secular or " trade guild.'' This religious
origin is borne out by the very important Return made by the Barbers
of London, to the Writ of 12th Rich. II, and is strengthened by
reference to the Returns made by the Barbers of Lincoln and of
Norwich (both which latter are preserved at the Record Office),
and which clearly point to those guilds being of a religious character ;
indeed the Barbers of Norwich do not seem to have had a single
secular or trade ordinance in their constitution.
1388. In the Return of the Barbers of London to the Writ of
Richard II, the Masters recite that they "have found a document
"amongst the articles of their records made of the time to which
99
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
" memory runneth not," concerning the points upon which the fraternity
was founded ;
Primerement al honourance de Dieu et touz ses Seyntes et pur excitacon les
coens des gentz a bien faire et perseverance avoir et bien faitz
Firstly to the honour of God and all his Saints, and to stir up the commons of
the people to do well, and to have perseverance in well doing
Regulations were made enjoining charity, attendance at funerals
and obits, against the enticing away of the servants of others, providing
for the amicable settlement of disputes, and the like.
The articles above briefly referred to, contain nothing in
particular as to trade regulation or inspection, leaving a pretty certain
inference that they were made for the governance of a social and
religious guild or fraternity. We shall presently see that in 1308, the
Company partook of the nature of a trade guild, and we may therefore
reasonably presume that the articles made in the time to which
memory in 1388 did not run, were drawn up previous to 1308, and
therefore without much hesitation we may assign the origin of the
Barbers' Company to at least the xiijth- century.
In the early part of the reign of Edward II, and indeed for a
long while previously, the Barbers were practitioners in the art of
Surgery ; at all events they performed the minor operations of that
craft, such as bleeding, tooth-drawing, cauterization, and the like.
The Barbers having been accustomed to assist the monks in the
surgical operations performed by them in early times, acquired a degree
of proficiency which enabled them to practise as Surgeons themselves.
Up till about the xijth century the practice of Surgery and Medicine
was however almost wholly confined to the Clergy, who seem to have
enjoyed the double privilege of curing men's bodies as well as their
souls. In 1 1 63 the Council of Tours, under Pope Alexander III,
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2}
considering that a practice which involved in its operations the
shedding of blood, was incompatible with the holy office of the clergy,
forbad them to interfere in any matter of Surgery ; the consequence of
this edict was that they gave over the operations of Surgery but
continued to practise the healing art of Medicine.
As already said, the Clergy very frequently employed the
Barbers as their assistants, and committed to them the preparation of
the medicated baths and the performance of sundry minor surgical
operations. No doubt the Edict of Tours was hailed with joy by the
Barbers, who thus found a lucrative practice thrown in their way, and
seized the opportunity of practising as Surgeons "on their own
account," calling themselves Barber-Surgeons, and practising both
Barbery and Surgery.
c. 1307. The archives preserved at the Guildhall have many
entries concerning the Barbers' Company, and in Letter-Book D. i57B'
there is an ordinance concerning the Barbers of London, which shows
that at this time they were occupied in Surgery, and advertised their
profession in an objectionable manner, which was very properly
forbidden by the City authorities.
De Barbours. Et que nul barbier ne soit se ose ne si hardy qil mette sank
en leur fenestres en apiert ou en view des gentz, mais pryvement le facent porter a
Thamise sur peine des doux souldz rendre al oeps des Viscountz.
Concerning Barbers. And that no barbers shall be so bold or so hardy as
to put blood in their windows, openly or in view of folks, but let them have it privily
carried unto the Thames, under pain of paying two shillings to the use of the Sheriffs.
1308. The first express entry which we have concerning our
Company is the presentation and admission of Richard le Barber, as
Supervisor or Master of the Barbers, before the Court of Aldermen
in 1308 {Letter-Book C. 96).
24 cA 'minis of the Barber-Surgeons.
Ric's le Barbour ex oppoito ecclie omni scoTi parue elect' est et p'sentaf pn
Barbitonsores Iondon die Mart0 p'x0 p't fin See Lucie virgls Anno R. E. fit R. E. scdo
coram dnis Nicho de ffarndon tiic maiore Iondon Johiie de Wenguue cet'isq3 AldermTs
ad custodiend0 officiii Barbitonsoif &c. Et admissus est et jur° q'd quolibet mense faciet
scrutiniii p0 totn officii! suii et si quos inverVit lupanar9 id alio mo inhonestos et in
scandalii officii &c. eos distringat & distriaoem in cam'am apportari faciet &c.
Richard le Barbour dwelling opposite to the Church of Allhallows the Less,
was chosen and presented by the Barbers of London, on Tuesday next after the feast
of Saint Lucy the Virgin (13th December) in the second year of the reign of King Edward,
son of King Edward, before Sir Nicholas de Farndon, then Mayor of London, John
de Wengrave and other Aldermen, to have supervision over the trade of the Barbers &c.
And he was admitted and made oath that every month he would make scrutiny throughout
the whole of his trade, and if he should find any among them keeping brothels, or acting
unseemly in any other way, and to the scandal of the trade, he was to distrain upon
them, and cause the distress to be taken into the Chamber (of London) &c.
The foregoing record does not appear very creditable to the
reputation of the Barbers of Edward the Second's time, but it should
be remembered that in those days, and for a long period before and
afterwards, the Barbers superintended the Baths (Bagnios) and that
these places were not infrequently the resort of improper characters ; a
few of our predecessors had perhaps, under the circumstances, been
somewhat lax in their morality, and let us hope that Richard le Barber
administered to those whom he found offending, due correction
according to his oath and their deserts.
It would not seem from the terms of the admission, that the
Master was at that period elected annually, and the Office was probably
held by one man for a considerable number of years. There is no
entry in the City books (which have been carefully examined for the
purpose) of another admission to the Office until the year 1376, when
two Masters were appointed, and then for some years subsequently two
new Masters were sworn in annually.
o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 5
1309. In this year we find the first record of an admission of
a Barber to the freedom of the City, and several others occur about
this period (see Freemen).
13 10. On Wednesday next after the feast of the Nativity,
4th Edward II, Gerard the Barber was sworn keeper of the Gate of
Newgate (Letter-Book D. 1 13), and there are other entries of Barbers
being appointed keepers or porters at the City gates ; from one of
these, in 1375, it would seem that they were to keep a strict watch
that no lepers should enter the city, and it was doubtless on account
of their surgical knowledge enabling them to distinguish those afflicted
with leprosy, that these offices were conferred upon them.
1 3 10. On Monday before the feast of St. Gregory the will of
Richard le Barber, our first Master, was proved in the Court of
Husting. To Katherine his wife and Johanna his daughter, he left
tenements and rents in Bread Street, Cordwainer Street, Queenhithe,
Candlewike Street, and Whitecrouche Street. To Thomas de
Mangrave his apprentice, a shop in Bread Street ; to the fabric of
London Bridge 20s-' and the residue to pious uses.
13 1 2. The earliest admission of a Surgeon (not a Barber
Surgeon) to the freedom is that of " Magister Johes de Suthwerk
cirurgicus," who was sworn on Friday before the feast of St. Barnabas,
5th Edward II, and who paid nothing for his freedom, being admitted
at the instance of Hugh de Waltham, Town Clerk.
'5
Among the Archives at Guildhall are various entries relating to
early Barbers, which, although not touching upon the history of our
Company, may properly be preserved in these pages, and I shall
therefore give translations of a few of them.
E
26 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1315. On Monday next after the feast of the Purification of the Blessed
Virgin Mary, in the 8th Edward II, by common assent of the Mayor and Aldermen
in the Hustings of pleas of Land, there was granted and demised to William de
Dounesheued, Barber to Sir John de Sandale, Chancellor of our Lord the King, a certain
house belonging to the Bridge of London, to have and to hold to the said William for
his whole life, he paying yearly on the usual days two and a half marks to the keepers
for the time being of the said Bridge, which said house is situate between a house
belonging to the said Bridge in which John Mew now dwells towards the West, and
a house belonging to Thomas le Maderman towards the East, in the Parish of Saint
Dionis Backchurch London. And the said William, the said house and its appurtenances
in all needful manner shall sustain, and against wind and rain cause the same to be
defended during the whole term of his life.
And there was a proviso that if the rent should remain unpaid
for a whole year that the Bridge Keepers should re-enter. {Letter-
Book E. 2 8B)
13 19. On Thursday after the feast of St. Valentine, 13th
Edward II, there was enrolled an obligation by which Roger the
Barber (servant to John cle Dallinge, Sheriff of London) and
Margaret his wife, were bound to pay ^100 to Sir John de Lauge-
combe, Rector of the Church of Laumaz Heys {sic) before the
feast of Easter. {Letter-Book E. 85.)
1320. On Wednesday next after the feast of Saints Fabian
and Sebastian, 13th Edward II, Lawrence the Barber, one of the
men sworn to keep the Poultry Market on Cornhill, laid an informa-
tion against John Bakon that he the said John was a forestaller
of the Market. {Letter-Book E. q6b)
1320. In the same year among the names of the Citizens
assessed to contribute to a fine of ,£1,000 to the King, occurs
that of Thomas the Barber. {Letter-Book E. io6B)
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 27
1320. On Monday next before the feast of St. Margaret the
Virgin, 14th Edward II, the Wardship of Alice, Joane and Agnes,
children of John de Wynton, Barber, deceased, was given to Joane his
widow ; several shops and houses in the City belonging to the
deceased are scheduled as for the benefit of the Wards, and Robert
de Lamyngton, John de Bristolle, Barber, and Roger de Croidon
were bound as sureties. [Letter-Book E. 114.)
Instances also occur of City Wards (sons of Barbers deceased)
being apprenticed by the Chamberlain to various trades.
1340. In 14th Edward III, Hamo the Barber was assessed
by the City at £\o as his contribution towards a forced loan of
.£5,000 to the King [Letter-Book F. 33) and six years later (1346)
Hamo was again assessed at 20s. towards a "present" of 3,000
marks to the King.
1370. On 14th March, 44th Edward III, the wardship of
Alice (aged 3 years), daughter of Nicholas the Barber, was given
to Gilbert Prince, who was to use her legacy of 40 marks for her
benefit.
1374. On the 28th July, 1374, Lawrence de Weston, Barber
(Master of the Company in 1376), and Margaret his wife, mother
of the said Alice, came before the Mayor, &c, and proved that the
said Alice was dead, whereupon Gilbert Prince, the Executor of
Nicholas the Barber's will, was discharged, and the money paid
to Lawrence and Margaret de Weston. [Letter-Book G. 244
and 3i7B)
Reverting now from individuals to the Company, we find
that the Barbers existed as a Trade Guild, but unincorporated
certainly from the year 1308, and that they were at first ruled by
e 2
28 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
one Master, and later on (in 1376) by two Masters, appointed annually.
This Company of Barbers was composed of two classes of
Members — viz., those who practised Barbery proper (perhaps in-
cluding phlebotomy and tooth drawing), and those who practised
Surgery, and who were, for distinction sake, called Barber-Surgeons
(in the City books they are spoken of as " Barbers exercising the
faculty of Surgery"). For aught we know to the contrary, a perfect
harmony and good understanding existed between these two sections
of the Company, and it is probable that the ranks of the latter
were continually recruited from the former.
1 38 1. The earliest evidence of the existence of our Hall is
to be found in Harl. MS. 541, which contains a list of Companies'
Halls in the City, temp. 5 Richard II, by which it appears that
the Barbers' Hall was then, as now, in the Parish of Saint Olave,
Silver Street, and doubtless on the same site ; the entry is,
" Barbar hall ye p'yssh of Seynt Oluf in Sylverstrete." In 1490 the
Hall is known to have been on the same site.
1388. In this year Richard II sent his writs all over the
Kingdom to enquire into the nature and constitution of the several
guilds and fraternities, religions, social or craft, and the returns to
these writs, which must have been an immense number, were formerly
kept among the Records at the Tower of London. Herbert, in his
History of the Livery Companies, refers to his fruitless endeavours to
discover these returns, and I have made diligent enquiry at the Record
Office for them also, with the undoubted result that all of those which
relate to the London Trading Guilds are lost. There are, however, a
great number relating to London religious guilds and to trade guilds
all over the country. Two of these concerning the Barbers of Norwich
and of Lincoln are so highly interesting that I have preserved them in
Appendix A.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 29
Among-st our Archives at Barbers' Hall, is a vellum book of
Ordinances written out fair in 1658, and therein is to be found a copy
of the return made by the Barbers of London to the writ of Richard 1 1,
and which the Company caused to be extracted from the Tower Records
in 1634. It is certified by William Colet as agreeing with the original,
but unfortunately Mr. Colet (although he was Deputy-Keeper of the
Records) or his copyist has made one or two mistakes, which necessitate
a little hiatus in the translation, and he has put the year as the nth
instead of the 12th of Richard II. That the latter year is the correct
one is abundantly proved by the dates on the original writs and on the
numerous returns still in existence at the Record Office, as also by the
names of the Masters certifying, who are recorded at Guildhall as
having been admitted 10th September, 12th Richard II.
Richard II was more solicitous as to the funds and property of
the Guilds, than he was about their observances, and our predecessors
seem to have quickly acquainted him with their pecuniary position, " the
which Company have neither tenements nor rents to their common use."
The Masters recite an old document which they found in their
strong box, and which will well repay perusal ; it opens with a devout
dedication to the Trinity, the Virgin Mary, and the glorious company
of heaven, and the first Ordinance being expressly made in honour of
God and all saints, and with the intention of stirring up the people to
do well and to persevere therein, we must all approve of it. It provides
firstly, that decayed brethren shall have an allowance of loy^d. per
week, if their poverty have not come about by their own folly. The
second and third Ordinances relate to attendance at funerals and obits
of deceased members. Then follow certain rules, that no man shall
entice away another's servant ; the Masters to settle disputes, payment
of quarterage, refusal of office, absence from Mass and the yearly feast,
)o cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
the livery clothing, &c, &c. It is well to observe here the evidence of
the antiquity of our livery, of the quarterage, and of the feast, all of
which have come down to these days.
Some later Ordinances are added, which were apparently made
in 1387. This return is probably the only one extant of the whole of
those made by the London trade guilds, and is therefore of the highest
interest. A copy of the original (which is in Norman French), together
with a translation, follows.
Copia extracta ex Bundell' Fraternitatum et Gildar' Civitatis London remanen de
Recordo prout patet in Rotulis dm Regis infra Turrim London.
Anno xj° '
Ricardi Secundi.
Johan Hevdon et Hen Cook Mestres* William Chapman et William Gomine
Surveyours de la Compaignie appelle ffraternite des Barbers de la Citee de Londres
dauncien temps ordeigne certifiant au Counsail fire Sr- le Roy en sa Chancellarie la
forme manere et condicion de touz articles obseruancez et lour circumstances contenuz
en la paper de dite Compaignie en la forme quesuyt la quel compaignie nont nul tent ne
rent a lour c6e oeps les queles articles la dite Compaignie nont usez en lour temps forsqz
soulement pur auer lour vesture un foitz per an et paier lour quarterage pur sustiner
pouerez gentz de mesme la Compaignie et un foitz per aii assembler pur manger et eslire
neuells Mestres et Surveiours sanz ascun autre article de sontz escript mettre en use
forsqz ceux q° tan soulement sont faitz al honour de dieu mes purtant qils ont trouez un
paper one les articles de sontz escriptz fait del temps done memorie ne court ils les ont
p'sentez a vre tressages discrecions.
Ceste endenture fait en noni de Dieu omnipotent pier et fitz et seynt Esperitz
et de nre Dame Seynt Marie et de tout la gloriouse Compaignie de Ciel de la foundacion
et de Lordinance de la fraternite des Barbers de la Cite de Londres tesmoigfi coment et
sur queux pointz la dite Fraternite est funduz et ordeigne.
Primerement al honourance de Dieu et touz ses Seyntes et pur excitacon les
coens des gefitz a bien faire et perseuerance auoir en bien faitz est ordeigne q° si ascun
1 A mistake for Anno xij°-
Sworn Masters of the Barbers, 10 Sept., 1388. 12th Ric. II. (Letter-Book H. 235s-)
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 31
frere de eel fraternite qi ad este de cell fraternite per vij anz sil cheit en mischief ou en
pouerte \P auenture issint qil neit de quoy il purra viure de son propre et ces ne luy
aucigne de sa propre folye qu donqz il auera chescun semaigne de lour coe boyste
xd- o!5. pur sa sustenance.
Item quant ascun frere du dite fraternite soit mort les freres de la dite fraternite
serront la veyle al dirige et le jour al Messe et al dirige et al Messe del Moys obit et
q' chescun tiel frere mort eit xxx messes de lour coe Boyste et q° chescun frier q° soit
absent sanz reasonable eucheson a ascun des ditz iiij foitz qil mette a lour coe Boyste en
noun de ses offrandes et dispences queux il deust auer fait sil eust este en p'sent iij '■
Item quant ascun Meistre de la dite Fraternite eit feme Mort q° les freres de la
dite ffraternite soient a La Vigile et a la Messe le jour de sont enterment et a la Moys
obit et quel frer q° soit absent a ascun de tres foitz qil paie pur chescun foitz qil soit
absent en lieu des costages et autres dispences queux il ferreit sil feusse present a lour
cbe boyst iijd-
Item q° nul frere de la dite Fraternite abette autri seruant hors des seruice son
Meistre priuement ne apertement.
Item si ascun debate surdre p° entre ascuns des freres q° dieu defend et ces soit
redresse per amour per la consideration des Meistres de la dite Fraternite
faire bonement et q nul ne sue vers autre en autre manere autant qil ad assaie sil puisse
p° leide des ditz Mestrez estre recorde.
Item qn chescun frere de la dite ffraternite veigne chescun quarter del an et
paie son quarterage a Collectors decell issint q° les dits Collectors ne.
Item accorde est entre toutz les ditz freres q° quel de eux qn refuse son office
quant ces vient a luy sil voet estre de ces allegge qil paie a lour coe boyst.
Item si ascun frere soit absent a lour Messe et Manger quant il serra un foitz
en Ian qil paiera a tant en offrandes et toutz autres choes come un.
Item q° nul des ditz freres allowe autre hors de sa Meason.
Item si ascun frere per auenture tarie ses paiements entre an et demy qil face
gree demz les ij anz sanz rien outre le certain doii. Et sil ad luy soient
p'donez issint qil paie ce gest aderer. Et a ceux pointz tenir solonc amendement si
mistier soit qils soient amendez ceste Fraternite sont entre jurez et ont chescun de eux
pleine sa foy et si fra chescun qi serra de la dite ffraternite. Et accorde est entre
eux endenture soient enclos en lour coe boyst et lautre demurge
vers les Mestres q° serront pur le temps de la dit fraternite.
32 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Item chescun frere du dit fratemite paie en arres pur son Drap auant la
mayn xld- ameyns.
Item cf chescun frere garde la liuere ij anz enterrement deuant qil le donne ou
vende ou aliene la liuere en ascun manere sur peyne de paier al compaignie un noble
dor sur lour grace.
Item est ordeyne le dymenge psch ensuant lassumpcon de nre Dame Ian le
Roy Richard sede xj°- qe les Surveiours du dit Mistier soient esluy per lassent de tout la
fTraternite et nemy per les Mestres.
Item q° nul du dit Fraternite paie plus pur son mangre q1 xiiijd- en apres.
Item ordeyne est q° chescun Meistre q° eslisera ascun autre home pur estre en
son lieu cesta sauoir pur estre Meistre celuy q° eslisera tiel home pur estre Meistre apres
Ian serra obligee per mesme luy a la Compaignie pur la monoy en un obligacon.
Convenit cum Recordo
Willus Colet.
A Copy taken from a Bundle " of the Fraternities and Guilds of the City of
London" which remains of record, as the same is seen in the Rolls of
the Lord the King, at the Tower of London.
Anno 12.
Richard II.
John Heydon and Henry Cook, Masters, William Chapman and William
Gomine, Surveyors of the Company called the Fraternity of Barbers of the City of
London of ancient time established, certifying to the Council of Our Lord the King,
in his Chancery, the form manner and condition of all the articles, customs and their
circumstances contained in the Records of the same Company in the form following : —
The which Company have neither tenements nor rents to their common use, And these
articles the said Company have not used in their time excepting only for to have their
Livery once a year, and to pay their quarterage to maintain the poor folk of the same
Company, and once a year to assemble to feast, and to elect new Masters and Surveyors
without any other article of their writing to put forward except those which only
are made to the honour of God ; but, however, as they have found a document
amongst the articles of the Records, made of the time to which memory runneth
not, they have presented it to your most wise discretions.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 33
This Indenture made in the name of the Omnipotent God, the Father and
Son and the Holy Ghost, and of our Lady Saint Mary and of all the glorious Company
of Heaven, concerning the foundation of the Government of the Fraternity of Barbers of
the City of London Witnesseth how and upon what points the said Fraternity is
founded and ordained.
Firstly to the honour of God and all his Saints, and to stir up the Commons
of the people to do well, and to have perseverance in well doing, it is ordained that if
any brother of this Fraternity who has been of this Fraternity for seven years by chance
fall into trouble or into poverty, and if he have nothing of his own by which he may
be able to live, and it be not through his own folly, that then he shall have each
week from their common box tenpence half penny for his sustenance.
Item. That when any brother of the said Fraternity dies the brethren of the
said Fraternity shall go on the Vigil to the dirge, and on the day1 to the Mass, and to
the dirge and to the mass of the month's obit, and that each such brother dead have
thirty masses from their common box,2 and that each brother who is absent without
reasonable excuse at any of the said four times, shall put into their common box in place of
his offerings and expenses, as he ought to have done if he had been present, three pence.
Item. When any Master of the said Fraternity has a wife dead, the brethren of
the said Fraternity shall be at the Vigil and at the Mass on the day of her burial and at
the month's obit, and that brother who is absent at any of the three times shall pay for
each time that he be absent, in place of the costs and other expenses which he would have
borne if he had been present, three pence to their common box.
Item. That no brother of the said Fraternity entice any servant from the
service of his master, privily or openly.
Item. If any dispute arise between any of the brethren, which God forbid, it
is to be amicably settled by the decision of the Masters of the said Fraternity [and they
are] to deal plainly,3 and that no one sue another in other manner than at the assize (?)
[and then only] if he be empowered by leave of the said Masters to be recorded.
Item. That each brother of the said Fraternity shall come each quarter of the
year and pay his quarterage to the collectors*
Item. It is agreed between all the said brethren that whoever of them refuses
his office when it comes to him, if he wishes to be relieved of it, that he pay to their
common box.
1 The day of the funeral. ! Thirty masses sung at the expense of the common box.
3 i.e., honestly. ' I am unable to complete this sentence.
K
34 a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Item. If any brother be absent from their Mass and Feast when it shall be
once a year, he shall pay so much in offerings and all other things as one present.
Item. That none of the said brethren put [?] another out of his house.
Item. If any brother by chance delay his payments beyond a year-and-a-half,
that he make acquittance within two years without any \penalty\ beyond the ordinary fine.
And if he be thus forgiven that he settle the matter at once.
And to hold these points pursuant to amendment alone if the Mystery will that
they be amended, this Fraternity are sworn among themselves and have each of them
pledged his troth, and so from each who shall \_hereafter\ be of the said Fraternity. And
it is agreed amongst them that this Indenture be enclosed in their common box, and the
counterpart be held by the Masters for the time being of the said Fraternity.
The document which the Masters found amongst their records
made in "the time to which memory runneth not" probably ends here,
and the following Items (see the third one) were doubtless additional
Ordinances made circa 1387.
Item. That each brother of the said Fraternity pay in pledge for his livery,
when he has the same, forty pence at the least.
Item. That each brother keep the livery two whole years before he may give,
or sell, or alienate it in any manner, under pain of paying to the Company for their
pardon, a noble of gold.
Item. It is ordained that on the Sunday following the Assumption of our Lady
in the nth year of King Richard the Second,' that the Surveyors of the said Mystery be
elected by the assent of all the Fraternity, and no longer by the Masters.
Item. That none of the said Fraternity hereafter pay more than fourteen pence
for his feast.
Item. It is ordained that each Master who shall choose any other man to be in
his place, that is to say for to be Master ; he who shall choose such man to be Master
for the year shall be bound by himself for him, in an obligation to the Company for the
money.'
It agrees with the Record,
William Colet.
1 18th Aug., 1387. i.e., a guarantee for his honesty.
z/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 35
Coeval with our Company of Barbers there existed in the City
of London, another Fraternity or Guild, that of the Surgeons, in no
way connected with the Barbers, but, like them, existing by prescription
only and unincorporated. It is not to be expected that these two
Companies would, in the days of so much trade protection and
jealousy, exhibit an over-friendly feeling towards one another, and the
records of the period, though meagre, show that this was the case.
The Surgeons' Guild at no time appear to have been a numerous body,
indeed there is reason to believe that frequently their numbers were
less than a dozen, and they possibly never exceeded twenty.
In the researches undertaken for the purpose of this work,
various references to the Surgeons' Guild have turned up, and although
at this early period there was much in common between the two
Fraternities, I have considered it quite apart from the subject in hand
to go into any detail concerning that Guild, more especially as it has
recently been so ably and fully dealt with by Mr. D'Arcy Power in his
" Memorials of the Craft of Surgery."
1376. In the 50th Edward III, the Barbers made a com-
plaint to the Mayor and Aldermen against unskilled practitioners in
Surgery, and prayed that two Masters should be yearly appointed to
inspect and rule the craft, and that none should be admitted to the
freedom of the City, but upon due examination of their skill ; and this
was granted by the Court, entered of record and Lawrence de Weston
and John de Grantone were chosen Masters. The following is a
translation of the original record concerning this matter.1
To the honourable Lords, and wise, the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of
London, shew the good folks, the Barbers of the same city, that whereas from one day to
1 In this and some other cases I have adopted the able translations made by Mr. Riley in his
" Memorials of London and London Life."
F 2
36 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
another there resort men, who are barbers, from uppelande' unto the said city, who are
not instructed in their craft, and do take houses and intermeddle with barbery, surgery,
and the cure of other maladies, while they know not how to do such things, nor ever were
instructed in such craft ; to the great damage, and in deceit, of the people, and to the
great scandal of all the good barbers of the said city : — therefore the said good folks do
pray that it may please your honourable Lordships, for the love of God, and as a work of
charity, to ordain and establish that from henceforth no such stranger, coming to the said
City from uppelande, or from any other place, of whatsoever condition he be, shall keep
house or shop for barbery within the same city, before that he shall be found able and
skilled in the said art and office of barbery, and that, by assay and examination of the good
folks, barbers of the same city, whom out of the said craft it may please you to ordain
thereunto. And that it may please you to ordain and establish, that from henceforth
there shall always be two good men of their said craft chosen by their common assent to
be Wardens of the craft ; and that such two persons shall be presented unto the Mayor,
Recorder, and Aldermen, of the said city, and sworn before them well and lawfully, to the
best of their power and knowledge, to rule their said craft; and that the said Masters may
inspect the instruments of the said art, to see that they are good and proper for the service
of the people, by reason of the great peril that might ensue thereupon ; and that on the
complaint of such two Masters, all rebellious persons in the said craft, shall be made to
come before you, and whosoever shall be found in default against this Ordinance shall pay
to the Chamber 40 pence. And that from henceforth no man of their craft shall be
admitted to the franchise of the said city, if he be not attested as being good and able,
upon good examination before you made. And that no foreigner shall keep house or
shop in their craft within the said city, or the suburbs thereof. And that this Ordinance
shall be enrolled in the Chamber of the Guildhall of London, for all time to last.
And the same was granted unto them. Whereupon, Laurence de Westone and
John de Grantone were chosen Masters of the Barbers [Letter-Book H. 28. ,]
The foregoing ordinance must surely have given umbrage to
the Surgeons' Guild as it placed the Barbers upon an equal
footing with them in the examination of Surgeons, the inspection
of their instruments, etc. ; and this more especially as seven years
previously (in 1369) the Surgeons had obtained from the same
Court an Ordinance investing them with the power of presenting
the defaults of all unskilful Surgeons.
1 The general name for country places in those days.
o/liiiials of the Barber-Surgeons. jj
1382. As an example of a quack Surgeon's method of practice,
and of his rogueries and punishment, the following case of Roger
Clerk will be found interesting: —
Roger Clerk, of Wandelesworth,' on the 13th day of May in the 5th year
(Richard II), was attached in the Chamber of the Guildhall of London, before the
Mayor and Aldermen, to make answer, as well to the Mayor and Commonalty of the City
of London, as to Roger atte Hacche, in a plea of deceit and falsehood : as to which, the
same Roger said, that whereas no physician or surgeon should intermeddle with any
medicines or cures within the liberty of the city aforesaid, but those who are experienced
in the said arts, and approved therein, the said Roger Clerk, who knew nothing of either
of the arts aforesaid, being neither experienced nor approved therein, nor understood
anything of letters, came to the house of him, Roger atte Hacche, in the parish of St.
Martin, in Ismongereslane, in London, on Thursday, the morrow of Ash Wednesday, in
the 5th year, etc. ; and there saw one Johanna, the wife of the aforesaid Roger atte
Hacche, who was then lying ill with certain bodily infirmities, and gave the said Roger,
her husband, to understand, that he was experienced and skilled in the art of medicine,
and could cure the same Johanna of her maladies, if her husband desired it.
Whereupon, the said Roger atte Hacche, trusting in his words, gave him
12 pence, in part payment of a larger sum which he was to pay him, in case the said
Johanna should be healed. And upon this, the same Roger Clerk then and there gave
to the said Roger atte Hacche an old parchment, cut or scratched across, being the leaf
of a certain book, and rolled it up in a piece of cloth of gold, asserting that it would be
very good for the fever and ailments of the said Johanna ; and this parchment, so rolled
up, he put about her neck, but in no way did it profit her ; and so, falsely and
maliciously, he deceived the same Roger atte Hacche. And he produced the said
parchment here in Court, wrapped up in the same cloth, in proof of the matters aforesaid.
And the said Roger Clerk personally appeared, and the said parchment was
shown to him by the Court, and he was asked what the virtue of such piece of parchment
was ; whereupon, he said that upon it was written a good charm for fevers. Upon being
further asked by the Court what were the words of this charm of his, he said ; — " Anima
Christi, sanctifica me; Corpus Christi, salva me; in isanguis Christi, nebria me; cum
bonus Christus tu, lava me."5 And the parchment being then examined, not one of
1 Wandsworth.
• " Soul of Christ, sanctify me ; body of Christ, save me ; blood of Christ, saturate me ;
as Thou art good, Christ, wash me."
j8 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
those words was found written thereon. And he was then further told by the Court, that
a straw1 beneath his foot would be of just as much avail for fevers, as this said charm of
his was ; whereupon, he fully granted that it would be so. And because that the same
Roger Clerk was in no way a literate man, and seeing that on the examination aforesaid,
(as well as on others afterwards made,) he was found to be an infidel, and altogether
ignorant of the art of physic or of surgery ; and to the end that the people might not be
deceived and aggrieved by such ignorant persons, etc. ; it was adjudged that the same
Roger Clerk should be led through the middle of the City, with trumpets and pipes, he
riding on a horse without a saddle, the said parchment and a whetstone, for his lies, being
hung about his neck, an urinal also being hung before him, and another urinal on his
back. [Letter-Book H. 145.]
1390. In connection with the Surgeons' Guild, four Master
Surgeons of the City were sworn before the Mayor, etc., in this year,
and they were to make scrutiny amongst persons practising the art of
Surgery, and to present defaults. [Letter-Book H. 248.] It will be
remembered that in 1369 a somewhat similar Ordinance was made
for the Surgeons' Guild, and this one in 1390 was probably obtained
as a set off to the powers vested in the Barbers by their Ordinance of
1376, and by way of assertion of equal rights with them in matters
surgical. Anyhow it is very clear that there were two distinct bodies
within the City ruling the craft of Surgery at this period, each, no
doubt, claiming jurisdiction over its own members, and both anxious
and ready to interfere with outsiders, and probably with each other.
It is curious to note that in the Ordinance of 1390, above referred to,
the Masters inspecting are authorised to make scrutiny not only of
men, but of " women undertaking cures, or practising the art of
Surgery"; and here, in the 19th century, we find history repeating
itself, and women again " intermeddling in matters surgical."
As might be expected the dual scrutiny exercised over per-
sons practising surgery, by two distinct and antagonistic Companies,
1 In allusion, perhaps, to the custom of men who were ready to perjure themselves, as false witnesses,
to go about with a straw sticking out from between the foot and the shoe — " men of straw." [Riley.]
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 39
produced considerable jealousy and unpleasantness, and there are
various records extant indicative of cases of attempted interference
with the Barbers' privileges, one of which is distinctly stated to
have been the work of the Surgeons and Physicians, as doubtless
also were the others.
1 410. By Letter-Book I. 94, it appears that the Ordinances for
the Barbers made in 1376 were confirmed to them with the significant
addition that they should enjoy the same, " without the scrutiny of any
" person or persons of any other craft or trade, under any name what-
" soever other than the craft or trade of the said Barbers, either as to
" shaving, making incision, blood letting or any other matters pertaining
" to the art of Barbery or of Surgery, in the craft of the said Barbers now
" practised, or to be practised hereafter." This Ordinance is, I think,
clearly directed against the Masters of the Surgeons' Guild, who
had sought to exercise their authority over the Barbers using the
faculty of Surgery.
1415. Complaint having been made to the Mayor and
Aldermen, concerning the unskilful and fraudulent practice of certain
Barbers in matters of Surgery, the privileges of the Barbers were
again recorded, though the Company who had hitherto nominated
their own Masters, were somewhat shorn of that privilege, as the
Mayor, etc., directed the names of all the Barber (Surgeons) to be
brought before them, and after due enquiry, they selected two of
them for Masters, and gave them their charge and oath.
1416. "Certain trustworthy and discreet" Barber (Surgeons)
complained to the Mayor, etc., that notwithstanding the last order,
there were still unruly members in the craft, and a fresh Ordinance
was enacted which imposed a penalty on offenders.
40 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The Ordinances above referred to are to be found in Letter-
Book I. 149, and are as follows :
Be it remembered, that on the 10th day of April, in the 3rd year, etc. (141s) it
was intimated in a relation, and not without alarm, unto Thomas Fauconer, Mayor, and
the Aldermen, how that some barbers of the said city, who are inexperienced in the art
of surgery, do oftentimes take under their care many sick and maimed persons, fraudulently
obtaining possession of very many of their goods thereby ; by reason whereof, they are
oftentimes made to be worse off at their departure than they were at their coming : and
that, by reason of the inexperience of the same barbers, such persons are oftentimes
maimed ; to the scandal of such skilful and discreet men as practise the art of surgery,
and the manifest destruction of the people of Our Lord the King.
And the said Mayor and Aldermen, wishing to obviate an evil and a scandal
such as this, as also, to provide a fitting remedy for the same, and considering first, how
that the said barbers by themselves, without the scrutiny of any other persons of any other
trade or craft,1 or under any name whatsoever, have supervision and scrutiny over all men
following the craft of barbery, and within the liberty of the said city dwelling, as to all
manner of cases touching the art of barbery or the practice of surgery, within the
cognizance, or to come within the cognizance, of the craft of the said barbers ; — as by a
certain Ordinance, made and ordained in the time of Richard Merlawe,3 late Mayor, and
the then Aldermen, and in the Chamber of the said City of London enrolled, of record fully
appears ; — did determine and ordain that in future, by the more substantial part of all the
barbers following the practice of surgery, and dwelling within the liberty of the said city,
there should be chosen two of the most skilful, most wise, and most discreet men, of all
the barbers following such practice of surgery, and dwelling within the liberty of the said
city ; seeing that oftentimes under their scrutiny and correction there would be found
cases of possible death and maiming, where, if ignorant and indiscreet men should
undertake the management thereof— the which might God forbid — in their judgment
grievous errors might unexpectedly ensue, by reason of such unskilfulness. And that
the same Masters, so often as they should be thus chosen, on election should be presented
to the Mayor and Aldermen, for the time being, there by the said Mayor and Aldermen
to be accepted and sworn etc.
And lest perchance a difference of opinion might in future as to such election
arise, therefore, the said Mayor and Aldermen, after taking counsel on the matter afore-
said, on Friday, the 3rd day of May, in the same year (741J), caused to be brought
' See the Ordinance of 1410. - Mayor 1409-10.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 41
before them the name of every barber who followed the practice of surgery and dwelt
within the liberty of the said city, in order that, after enquiring into the duties and
experiences of their practice and skill, in manner theretofore approved and customary,
they might be the better able to accept such Masters. And hereupon, because that,
among other names, Simon Rolf and Richard Wellys, citizens and barbers of the said
city practising the art of surgery, as well for their knowledge and probity, as for the
different kinds of difficult cures that had been sagaciously performed and effected
by them, were by trustworthy testimony, upon sound and umblemished information,
commended before any others, precept was given by the said Mayor and Aldermen to
Baldwin Tettisbury, one of the Serjeants of the said Mayor, to summon the said Simon
and Richard for Monday the 6th day of May then next ensuing, to appear before the
said Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber of the Guildhall aforesaid, there to make the
oath to them by the said Mayor and Aldermen to be administered.
Upon which Monday the said Simon and Richard, by virtue of such summons,
appeared before the Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber aforesaid. And hereupon
the said Simon and Richard were then accepted by the said Mayor and Aldermen, and
sworn upon the Holy Evangelists of God, well and faithfully to watch over and oversee
all manner of barbers practising the art of surgery, and within the liberty of the said city
dwelling ; to maintain and observe the rules and ordinances of the craft or practice
aforesaid ; no one to spare, for love, favour, gain, or hate ; diligently without concealment
to present unto the Chamberlain of the said City, for the time being, such defaults as
they may find ; at all times, when duly required thereto, well and faithfully to examine
wounds, bruises, hurts, and other infirmities, without asking anything for their trouble ;
and what they should find, at their discretion, when duly required thereto, distinctly to
certify unto the Mayor and Aldermen of the said City, for the time being ; as also, well
and faithfully to conduct themselves from thenceforth in future ; and all other things to
do and perform, which of right are befitting or requisite for the masters or overseers of
such practice to do.
Afterwards, on the fourth day of July, in the 4th year, etc. (1416) before
Nicholas Wottone, Mayor, the Recorder, and the Aldermen, in full Court, upon truthful
information of certain trustworthy and discreet men of the craft of Barbers, practising the
art of surgery aforesaid, as of other able and substantial men of the said city, it was stated
how that, notwithstanding the Ordinance aforesaid, very many inexperienced men of the
said craft of Barbers, indiscreetly practising the art of surgery*, did presume, and in their
presumption pretend, that they were wiser than the Masters inspecting, and, as to certain
infirmities — indiscreetly excusing themselves therein, on the insufficient grounds that they
G
42 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
are not liable to the peril of maiming or of death — did altogether disdain to give notice
of the same to the said Masters inspecting, according to the Ordinance aforesaid, or to
be discreetly examined by them as to the same, or diligently to be questioned thereon.
Upon which pretence, they did not hesitate daily to take sick persons, in peril of death
and of maiming, under their care, without shewing such sick persons, or such infirmities
and perils, unto the same Masters inspecting ; by reason of which presumption or
unskilfulness, such sick persons were exposed to the greatest peril, either of maiming or
of death. Wherefore, the said Mayor and Aldermen were prayed that, for the common
advantage of the whole realm, and the especial honour of the said city, they would deign
to provide some sure remedy for the same.
And accordingly, the Mayor and Aldermen, assenting to the said petition, as
being just and consistent with reason, having taken diligent counsel as to the matters
aforesaid, and considering that very many of such persons in these times are more in
dread of loss or payment of money than amenable to the dictates of honesty or a safe
conscience, did ordain and enact, that no barber, practising the art of surgery within the
liberty of the said City, should presume in future to take under his care any sick person
who is in peril of death or of maiming, unless he should show the same person, within
three days after so taking him under his care, to the Masters inspecting, for the time
being, by the barbers practising the art of surgery within the liberty of the said City to
be elected, and to the Mayor and Aldermen presented, and by them specially to be
admitted ; under a penalty of 6s. 8d. to the Chamber of London in form underwritten to
be paid, so often as, and when, against this Ordinance they should be found to act ;
namely, 5 shillings to the use of the Chamber of the Guildhall, and 20 pence to the use
of the craft of the Barbers.
1423. In this year certain Ordinances were made by the
Mayor (Sir William Walderne) and Court of Aldermen which are
entered in Letter-Book K. 6" This record relates to what Mr. D'Arcy
Power, in his " Memorials of the Craft of Surgery," has termed a
"Conjoint College" of the Physicians and Surgeons, and has little
to do with our Company, beyond the fact that the scrutiny
and oversight of persons practising Surgery is given to the
Masters of the Surgeons' Guild. The subject of these Ordinances
and many very interesting remarks thereon and on the Conjoint
College may be seen at p. 52, &c, of Mr. D'Arcy Power's work;
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 43
and the record itself is set forth in full at p. 299 ; furthermore,
extracts from it, so far as the same relate to the privileges and
practice of the Surgeons, are to be found in the beautiful old
vellum MS. formerly belonging to that Guild, and now in the
possession of the Barbers' Company.
Armed with this additional authority, the Surgeons' Guild
again sought to interfere with and scrutinize the Barber-Surgeons
of the Barbers' Company. These latter, however, must have had
good friends at Court, and were not slow in asserting and obtaining
confirmation of their rights and privileges, as will be seen by
reference to the following record in Letter-Book K. 27"-: — -
1424. Memorandum. That on Friday the 10th day of November in the third year
of the reign of Henry the Sixth from the Conquest before John Michell, Mayor, Thomas
Knolles and other Aldermen, and Simon Seman and John Bithewater, Sheriffs of the
City of London, It was granted and ordained that the Masters of the faculty of Surgery
within the craft of Barbers of the same city, do exercise the same faculty even as fully
and entirely as in the times of Thomas Fauconer late Mayor, and other Mayors, it was
granted unto them, notwithstanding the false accusation [calumpnia) which the Rector
and Supervisors of Physic and the Masters of Surgery pretend concerning a certain
ordinance made in the time of William Walderne late Mayor {1423) and entered in the
letter book K, folio 6, the which, they now endeavour to enjoin upon the said Barbers.
145 1. With the exception of a few references (which are
noticed elsewhere) the City records are silent concerning the
Barbers' Company until this year, when the Master and Wardens,
styled here " Gardiani," with certain honest men of the Mystery of
Barbers, brought a Bill before the Mayor and Aldermen, praying
them to establish certain Ordinances, and to enter them of record,
which was granted and done.
These Ordinances provided for the enforcement of stated
penalties in cases of disobedience and related to attendance upon
G 2
44 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
summons, settlements of disputes, refusal of office, admission of
members, evil speaking, assemblies and payments, instruction of
"foreyns," employment of aliens. They are to be found in
Letter-Book K. 250, and are the first written in English, all
previous ones being either in Latin or Norman French in the
originals.
Memorandum qH- xxv'°- die ffebruarii Anno regni Regis Henrici Sexti post
conquest1 vicesimo nono veniunt hie in Cur' Dili Regis in Caifta Guyhald Civitatis london
coram Nictio Wyfold Maiore & Aldermannis ejusdem Civitatf magis't & Gardian0
necnon ceti probi homines mister0 barbitonsol£ Civitatf p'dce & porrexerunt doi
Maiore & Aldermannis quandam billam sive supplicacione vboJL sequent? seviem
continentem Unto the ryght Worshipfull and Worshipfull lord and souv'aignes Mair
and Aldremen of the Citce of London,
Besechen most mekely all p^sones enfunchised in the craft and mistier of
Barbours wythin the said Citee That it please unto your lordshipf? and Right wise
discrecions for to consider howe that for as moche as certein ordinnces been establisshed
made and entred of Record in the chumber of the yeldhall of the said Citee all p^sonnes
of the said Craft have fully in opinion for to obeye observe and kepe theim and noon other
in eny Wise, So been yr- many and div°se defaultes often tymes amonges your said
besechers not duely corrected for default of such other ordinnces to be made and
auctorised sufficiently of record in the said chumber, like it therefore unto your said
lordshippe and grete Wisdoms of your blessed disposicons for the p°petuell Wele and
good Rule of the said Craft for to establissh and make these ordinaunces here folowyng
p^petuelly to endure and for to be observed and putte in due execucion in the same craft
And to be auctorised of record in the said chumber for ev° And your said besechers
shall pray god for you.
FFirst that ev'y barbour enf°Lincheised householder and other occupier of the
same craft holdyng eny shopp of barberye wythin the Citee of london shall be redy att all
man! soifions of the Maisters and Wardeins of the same craft for the tyme being that is
to sey for the Kyng the Mair or for eny Worshipp of the said Citee And yef eny man
occupying the said craft in marie and fourme aforesaid absent him from eny such soiiions
wythoute cause reasonable and thereof duely convict than he to pay at the chumber of
the yeldhall xiijs- iiijd- that is to say vjs- viijd- to the same chumber and other vjs viijd- to the
almes of the said craft. Also that evy man enf°uncheised under the fourme abovesaid
oAnihils of the Barber-Surgeons. 4^
that disobeyeth and kepeth not his houre of his somons at eny tyme w'oute cause
reasonable and y\>f " duely convict shall paye to the almesse of the said craft at
ev'y tyme y1, he maketh such defaute ijdl And yef eny of theim what so ev° he be of the
same craft that disobeye this ordinnce he shall paye to the chumber of the yeldhall
iijs- iiijd- at ev'y tyme that he maketh such default.
Also that yef eny mat°e of debate or difference be betwene eny p°soones of the
said craft Which god defend, that none of theim shall make eny pursuyt at the coifion
lawe unto the tyme y'- he that findeth him aggreved in that pntie hath made his compleint
unto the maister and Wardeins of the same craft for the tyme being and they to ffynyssh
the mate and the cause of the said compleint Wythin vj dayes after such compleint
made and yef they conclude not and ffynyssh the same mafe Wythin the said vj dayes
that yanne it be lefull to either p^tie to take the benefice of the coifion lawe Wythin this
Citee So alwayes that the p''tye ageinst whom the compleint is made be not fugityf
And what p^sone of the said craft that doth contrarie this ordinnce shall paye at ev9y
tyme at the chaumber of the yeldhall xiijs iiij'1 that is to sey yjs viijd' to ye said chumber
and oyr' yjs- viijd- to ye almesse of ye said craft.
Also that noon able pnsone of the said craft enAuicheised shall refuse eny man9
office or clothing p^tinent to the said craft Whan and What tyme that he be by his
bretheren be abled and elect yrto upon pein to paye at the chumber of the yeldhall xls-
that is to wete xxs to the same chumber and other xx5- to the said almesse Also what man
of the said craft that absenteth him fro the said eleccion Wythoute cause reasonable or
absent him fro the dyner to be made the same day and will not paye therto his pnt thanne
he shall paye at the said chumber iijs- iiijd- that is to sey xxd- to the same chumber and other
xx1'- to the almes of the said craft.
Also that the maisters and Wardeins of the same craft that nowe be or in tyme
to come shall be, shall not take admitte or resceive eny p°sone in to the bretherhede or
clothing of the same craft Wythoute the coifion assent of the bretheren of the said craft
or the more pnt of theim upon pein of evfch such maister or Wardein that doth contrie
this ordinnce xxs- that is to say xs to the chumber and xs to the almesse of the said craft.
FFurthermore it is ordeigned that from hens forward yef eny man occupying
the said craft be imfouled and of evell Will and malice so be unavised to revile or reprof
eny man of the same craft that is to seye for to lye him or wyth other dishonest Wordes
misgov'ne him in presence of the said maisters and Wardeins or in eny oyr- places and
p^of2 by the report of the said maisters and Wardeins be duely convict what so ev° he be
1 thereof. - Query " y of " = thereof.
46 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of the same craft that is so misgovfted at eny tyme shall paye at the said chumber for ev°y
such default vjs- viij '■ that is to say to the same chumber iijs- iiij* and to the Almes of the
said craft iijs- iiij'1-
Also it is ordeigned that ev'y man enfuncheised of the said craft under fourme
aforesaid shall assemble with his ffelaship0 of the same craft by thassignement of the
said maisters and Wardeins being for the yeer in a certein place limited by theim at iiij
tymes of the yeer And at ev'y such quarter day in the yeer ev'y brother enf°uncheised
and being of the clothing therof shall paye to the almes abovesaid iijd- And ev'y man
that is so enf'uncheised of the same craft and is not of the clothing of the same shall paye
to the same almes jd- Which iiij dayes be these that is to saye the tewesday next after
all hallown day the tewesday next after candelmasday the tewesday next after Trinite sonday
and the tewesday next after lammas day to thentent that the said maisters and Wardeins
shall enquere amongf the said compaignye so assembled that yef eny default ranker or
discord be hadd or moved amongf theim that thanne the said maisters and Wardeins
shall sett theim at rest accord and in unite to that they canne or may, after the fourme and
custume as have been before used And what parsonne of the said craft be absent eny of
the said dayes wythoute cause reasonable he shall paye for ev'y such day iiij'1 to the
expenses of the said maisters.
Also it is ordeigned and establisshed that no barbour nor other able p°sonne
using barbourye shall enfourme eny foreyn nor him teche in no wise in eny man0 point
that belongeth to the craft of barbourye or surg°ye wherby the same foreyn shall pnceyve
and take by his own capacite and exncise unto the tyme that the same foreyn be bounden
app°ntice to a p°sone barbour or other p0sonne able enfuncheised using the same craft
Wythin the Citee of london upon peyne to paye at the chumber of the yeldhall for ev'y
such defaute iiij marc, that is to say to the same chumber xxvjs viijd and to the Almes of
the said craft other xxvjs- viij4
And also that no barbour nor other able p°soone occupying the same craft shall
take eny Alien nor stunger in to his sVice unto the tyme that the same alien or stunger be
examined by the maist? and Wardeins of the same craft of his abilite and Connyng And
thereupon the maist0 and Wardeins With other vj or viij of the moost able and Kunnyng
p°sonnes of the craft shuld taxe him after his abilite after that hem semeth that he be
worthy to take yeerly for his salarie And also that no Barbour shall take eny alien
or sfunger that hath been or w'in s°vice wyth an other barbour enfuncheised before that he
knowe well that the same s°vnt hath complete his covenntes wyth his former maister upon
pein to paye for ev'y such defaute at ev°y tyme that he be founde defectif ayenst eny of
these ordinances at the said chumber xiijs- iiij'1- that is to wete to the same chumber vjs viij4
o/lnnate of the Barber-Surgeons. 47
and to the said almesse vjs viij1*- and also make restitucion of the damage unto the p°tie
that findeth him greved.
And also that no man occupying the said craft shall p°cure eny other mannes
s'Vnt oute of snvise upon the peyn aforesaid and damage unto the p^tie pleintif And also
it is ordeigned that from hensforward that no harbour enfuncheised nor eny other able
p°soons occupying the said craft shall not take into his s°vice eny sffinger or forein for
lasse time thanne a yeer And what p^sone enfuncheised or occupying the said craft
disobeys this ordinnce shall renne in the pein of xiijs iiij'1 that to be devided in man0 and
fourme above said.
And also that no p°sons of the said craft of harbours nor other able p°sone
occupying the same craft huyre no ff °unchised man of the same craft oute of his shopp ne
dwellyng place upon pein of xls- that is to wete to the said chumber xxs- And to the
Almesse of the said Craft other xxs-
Qua quidem billa coram cfcis maiore & Aldermannis lee? & per eosdem
plenius intellect^ Qua videtur eisdem q°d omnes articuli in d°ca billa
contentf sunt boni & honesti ac racioni consorft, &c, &c. (The articles
were ratified confirmed and ordered to be entered of Record in the books
of the Chamber of London.)
Nothing is now heard of the Surgeons' Guild for some
years, although they were still in existence. It is quite probable,
that finding the Barbers had invariably obtained the protection and
countenance of the City authorities, whenever their privileges had
been assailed or called in question, they had given over their attempts
at interference with them as hopeless, and allowed our worthy
predecessors to continue to "exercise the faculty of surgery," in
peace; and being unmolested they doubtless grew in numbers, in
importance, and in the knowledge of their art, until it was
admitted that their position as one of the Guilds, warranted them
in applying for a Charter of Incorporation, which was granted to
them by Edward IV in 1462.
141 3. Before proceeding to refer to this important epoch
in the history of our Company, it will be well to introduce a very
48 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
remarkable letter, which was written by Thomas Arundell, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury (formerly of York), to the Mayor, etc., of
London, in which he complained that the Barbers, being, alas !
"without zeal for the law of God," kept their shops open on the
Sabbath days, and he besought the Mayor and Aldermen (his "sons
in Christ, and dearest friends ") to put a stop to this practice. No
trade, perhaps, has from the earliest days, down to our own times,
owned such persistent breakers of the Fourth Commandment as
have the Barbers. Our records abound with by-laws, enacted and
renewed over and over again on this subject, and details of the
delinquencies of numerous Barbers in this respect, and of their
punishments by fine and imprisonment crop up everywhere.
The Archbishop's letter reveals to us the fact, that nearly
500 years ago, men were constituted much as they are now ; in
that "that which touches the body or the purse, is held more in
dread than that which kills the soul," and he shrewdly suggests that
the clerical punishment of "the greater excommunication," should be
augmented by a fine to be levied by the Civil authority. This letter
is so deeply interesting that no apology is needed for reproducing it
here. The original is to be found in Letter-Book I. 125.
1413. On the 24th day of July, in the first year, etc. (Henry V) the Reverend
Father in Christ, and Lord, Thomas, by Divine permission, Lord Archbishop of
Canterbury, Primate of all England, and Legate of the Apostolic See, sent here, to the
Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London, certain Letters Close of his, containing
words as follow : — ■
" Sons in Christ and dearest friends. — We know that you do seek for the things
" which are of above, and that you will the more readily incline to our desires, the more
" surely that the things as to which we write are known to tend to the observance of the
" Divine law, the maintenance of public propriety, and the rule of the Christian profession.
" We do therefore write unto you on this occasion, to intimate that when we were
" presiding of late in our Provincial Council, holden at London, with our venerable
c/Jnnais of the Barber-Surgeons. 49
" brethren, the Suffragan Bishops, and our clergy of the Province of Canterbury, it was
" publicly made known unto us with universal reprobation, that the Barbers of the City
" of London, over the governance of which city you preside, being without zeal for the
" law of God, and not perceiving how that the Lord hath blessed the seventh day and
" made it holy, and hath commanded that it shall be observed by no abusive pursuit of
" any servile occupations, but rather by a disuse thereof, in their blindness do keep their
" houses and shops patent and open on the seventh day, the Lord's Day, namely, and do
" follow their craft on the same, just as busily, and just in the same way, as on any day in
" the week, customary for such work. Wherefore we, with the consent and assent of our
" said Suffragans and clergy, in restraint of such temerity as this, have determined that
" there must be made solemn prohibition thereof in the City aforesaid, and that, of our
" own authority, and that of our said Provincial Council ; and not there only, but also
" throughout the Diocese of London, and each of the cities both of our own Diocese and
" of our Province of Canterbury ; to the effect, that such barbers must not keep their
" houses and shops patent or open, or follow their craft, on such Lord's Days for the
" future, on pain of the greater excommunication ; in the same manner as it has been
" enacted and observed of late in our time, as to the City and Diocese of York, as we do
" well recollect. But, dearest children, seeing that so greatly has the malice of men
" increased in these days, a thing to be deplored — that temporal punishment is held more
" in dread than clerical, and that which touches the body or the purse more than that
" which kills the soul, we do heartily intreat you, and, for the love of God and of His law,
" do require and exhort you, that, taking counsel thereon, you will enact and ordain a
" competent penalty in money, to be levied for the Chamber of your City, or such other
" purpose as you shall think best, upon the Barbers within the liberty of your City
" aforesaid, who shall be transgressors in this respect ; that so at least, those whom fear of
" the anger of God does not avail to withold from breach of His law, may be restrained
" by a scourge inflicted upon their purse, in the way of pecuniary loss ; knowing that we
" in the meantime, after taking counsel hereon, will devise measures for the prevention of
" this, and for the due publication of our Provincial enactment aforesaid. Fare you well
" always in Christ.
" Written at Ikham' on the 13th day of the month of July.
" Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury."
An Ordinance was forthwith made thereupon, to the effect, that
no barber, his wife, son, daughter, apprentice, or servant, should work
' Near Wingham, Kent.
II
w
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
at such craft on Sundays within the liberty of the city, either in hair
cutting or shaving, on pain of paying 6-s\ 2>d. for each offence ; $s.
thereof to go to the new work at the Guildhall, and the remainder to
the Wardens or Masters of the Barbers within the city.1
1422. In August of this year Henry V died, and thirty-two of
the City Companies assisted at his obsequies, going in procession and
carrying torches. From an entry in Letter-Book K. iB-, it appears
that the Barbers bore four torches on this occasion.
1447. This year the Company seem to have contributed 40s.
towards the cost of the Roof of the Chapel at Guildhall, as appears by
the following entry in Journal IV, 198 (25th October, 26 Henry VI) —
Itifl gardiani mister0 barbitonso^ & importaverunt in Cur xls- sterlingoif
p°se & mister0 sua ad coopturam Guyhatd Sc. Capelle.
' Riley p. 594.
ACCOUNT-
THE BARBERS INCORPORATE.
ITHERTO we have considered two distinct and some-
what hostile fraternities, the Surgeons on the one
hand, and on the other the Barbers (consisting of
Barbers and Barber-Surgeons), both of them City
Guilds, existing by prescription, having independent
rules and Ordinances for their government and the
scrutiny and correction of abuses in their respective Crafts, the former
Company few in number, the latter far more numerous and popular ;
the Surgeons without, and the Barbers with, a Livery.
Of these two fraternities, the Barbers by the regular and every
day nature of their calling, as shavers and hair cutters, together with
the practice of Surgery combined by so many of them, were the most
likely to become the more popular Company ; their fees would surely be
on a lower scale than those of the more aristocratic Surgeons, and their
numbers and constant intercourse with the citizens, in their capacity as
Barbers, enabled them easily to extend their connection as Surgeons.
In all their contentions with the Surgeons' Guild, as far as we
know, they held their own well, and thus it was that their place in
the City, as a Livery Guild of at that time an ancient standing, their
H 2
52 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
position as the professors of useful and scientific arts, their numbers and
presumable affluence, all rendered it desirable that they should be
placed upon the same footing as the better class of Guilds, by their
acquisition of a Charter of Incorporation, which they accordingly
obtained from the young King Edward IV in the first year of his
reign (1462).
Thomas Knot (Master, 1555) has recorded in one of our
books, a Translation of this Charter, which Mr. J. Flint South (who
does not appear to have seen the original Latin one) has transcribed,
and this has been adopted by Mr. D'Arcy Power (page 326). Thomas
Knot wrote a good hand, and was a zealous champion of the Barber-
Surgeons in his time, but he made egregious blunders in some of the
writings recorded over his signature, and although there is not great
fault to be found with him in this instance, it is suggested that the
Translation given below, is perhaps a more literal one than that which
Knot has handed down.
The Charter is still preserved at our Hall, and is contained on
a small skin of parchment ; the initial letters of the title, which were at
the time left to be illuminated have never been filled in, and the
document is therefore not the work of art which one is accustomed to
see in Charters of this period ; it bears signs of having been frequently
used, the ink in some places being worn, and the words only legible
with the aid of a magnifying glass. The great seal pendant is not
quite perfect, but is a beautiful specimen and highly artistic. The
followincr is the text of the Charter : —
o
(E)dwardus dei gra (R)ex (A)nglie & (F)rancie & (D)ominus (H)ibnie.
(O)mnibus ad quos p°sentes Ire p°uenint saltffi (S)ciatis qd nos considerantes qualit? Ditci
nob p°bi & liBi hoies mistere Barbitonso^ Ciuitatis nre london vtentes mistera siue
facilitate Sirurgicoif. tarn circa vuliia plagas lesiones & alias infirmitates ligeo^ nro:i
ibidem curand0 & Sauand0 q"m in extraccoe sanguinis & denciu h°m9 ligeo^ nro^
g'ndes & multiplices intendencias & labores p"5 longa tempera sustir.uerunt & supportauerunt
cA minis of the Barber-Surgeons. 53
indiesq3 siitinere & supportare non desistunt qualit0 etiam p° ignoranciam negligenciam
& insipienciam nonnullos h°m9 barbitonsos tam libos hoim Ciuitatis nre p°dre qam
alios Sirurgicos forincecos & non liBoif hoim eiusdem Ciuitatis indies ad eandem
Ciuitatem confluenciii & in mistera Sirurgicos minus sufficient"5 erudito:'. qam plurima ac
quasi infinita mala diu'sis ligeis nris in \uln1b3 plagis lesionib^ & aliis infirmitatib^ suis
p° huius modi Barbitonsores & Sirurgicos sauandis & curandis ob eos defe'm ante hec
tempora euenerunt quos quidem ligeos nros alii ea de causa viam vniu'se carnis sunt
ingressi alii autem eadem causa tanqam insanabiles & incurabiles sunt ab om!b5 derelecti
similia q3 mala vel peiora infutur3 in hac parte euenire formidat0 nisi remedin congruil
sup0 hoc p0 nos cicius p°uidetu° Nos enim attendentes & intime adutentes q°d huiusmodi
mala ligeis nris ob defVtu0 debit sup°uis scrutinii correccois & punicois huiusmodi
barbitonsos & Sirurgicos minus sufficient0 in eisdem misteris siue facultatib3 vt p°dcin
est erudit° & instruct0 euenire contingunt. Ad humilem supplicacoem dilcos nob0
p'Mcos p°bo:i &: libos hoim p°dce mistere Barbitonsos in Ciuitate nra p°dca
concessim9 eis q°d mistera ilia & omes hoies eiusdem mistere de Ciuitate p°dca sint in re
& noie vnii corpus & vna Coitas p°petua. Et q°d duo principales eiusdem Coitatis vna
cii assensu duodecim vel octo p°sonas ad minus Coitatis illius in mistera Sirurgie maxime
expert singulis annis elig°e possint & fac°e de Coitate ilia duos magros siue Gubnatores in
mistera Sirurgie0 maxime expt°. Ad sup°uidend° regend0 & gubiiand0 mister0 & Coitatem
p°dict° & omes hoies eiusdem mistere negociti eosdem imppfn. Et q°d q°dem magri
siue gubnatores & Coitas heant successionem p°petuam & coe sigillum negociis dee
Coitatis imp'pin s°uitur°. Et q°d ipi & successores sui imp'pm sint p°sone habiles & capaces
ad p°quirend° & possidend0 in feodo & p°petuitate tras ten0 redditus & alias possessiones
quascunq3 usq3 ad valorem quinq3 marcas p° annu ulta reprisas et q°d ipi noiii
magros siue Gubnatos & Coitatis mistere barbitonsos london p°litare & implitari
possint coram quibuscuq3 indicib3 in Curiis & acciob3 quibuscuq3 Et o°d p°dci magri
siue Gubnatores & Coitas & eos successores congregacoes licitas & honestas de seip°is ac
statuta & ordinacoes p° salubri gubnacoe sup°uisu & correccoe misteria p°dict° s°cdiri
necessitatis exigenciam quociens & quando opus fuit face valeant licite & impune siue
occone vel impedimento nri heredimi vel successor nros Justic' Escacios Vicecomitum
Coronatos aut alios Balliuos vel ministros nros heredemi vel successor nros
quoscuqs dumodo statuta & ordinacoes ilia cont° leges & consuetudines regni nri
AngP nullo modo existant. Preteria volum9 & concedhn9 p° nos heredb5 & successor^
nris quantii in nob est q°d magri siue Gubnatores p°dce Coitatis p° tempore existeiv1 &
eos successores imppm tieant sup°uisum scrutini'ii correcco°em & gubnaco''em oini &
singulos libos boirri dee Ciuitatf Sirurgicos vtencm mistera Barbitonsos in eadem
Ciuitate ac alios Sirurgicos forincecos quos CUCJ3 mistera ilia Sirurgicf aliquo modo
5^ oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
frequentancm & vtencfn infra eandem Ciuitatem & suburbia eiusdem ac punicoem
eoiidem tam litSon qam forincecon p° delictis suis in non p°fecte exequend9 faciend9 &
vtend9 mistera ilia necnon supr,uisum & scrutinm omimodou instrumenton emplaston
& alia:i medicinal & eon receptf p°dcos Barbitonsores & Sirurgic^ huiusmodi ligeis
nris pQ eon plagis & vulnibj lesionib5 & huiusmodi infirmitatibj curand9 & sauand9
dand9 imponend9 & vtend9 quociens & quando opus fuit p° comodo & vtilitate eondem
ligeon nfoTf ita q''d punicio huiusmodi Barbitonson vtencin dca mistera Sirurgicf ac
huiusmodi Sirurgicf forincecon sit in pr,missis delinquenciYi p'' fines amciamenta &
imprisonamenta corpon suon & p' alias vias ronabiles & congruas exequatur9. Et q°d
nullus Barbitonson vtens dca mistera Sirurgicf infra dcam Ciuitatem aut suburb eiusdem
aut alius Sirurgicus forincecus quicuijj & exequend9 faciend9 & execend9 eandem
misteram Sirurgic9 aliquo modo infutur9 in eadem Ciuitate vel Suburb eiusdem admittat3
nisi primiciis p° dcos magros siue gubnatores vel eon successores ad hoc habiles &
sufficientes in mistera ilia eruditus approbetf & p° plenar0 comprobaeone sua in hac parte
maiori Ciuitatis p''dict9 p' tempore existen9 p'' eosdem magros siue Gubnatores ad hoc
p^sentet1 Volumus eciam & concedim9 p' nob heredibj & successorib, nris quant'u in
nob est q'd dci magri siue gubnatores ac Coitas pdc mistere Barbitonson nee successores
sui nee eon aliquis quoquo modo infutur9 infra Ciuitatem nfam p°dcan & Suburb
eiusdem sumoniunt" aut ponant3 neq5 eon aliquis sumoniat" aut ponat3 in aliquib3 assisis
iuratis enquestis inquisicoib5 attinctis aut aliis recognicoibj infra dcam Ciuitatem &
Suburb eiusdem impostimi coram maiore aut vicecountf seu Coronatf dee Ciuitatis nre
p'' tempore existen9 capiend9 aut pr' aliquem officiariii siue ministm s'uu vel officiarios siue
ministros suos sumoniand0 licet iidem Jurati inquisicoes seu recognieoes sum fuiiit sup''
bri vel briT35 nri vel heredimi nron de recto Sed q°d dci maiiri siue Gubnatores ac coitas
mistere antedce & successores sui ac eon quiftt v'sus nos heredes & successores nros ac
v'sus maiorem & vicecomites Ciuitatis nre p°dce p° tempore existen9 & quosciiq^ Officiar9
& ministros suos sint hide quieti &: penitus exonati imppm p° p°sentes. Et vlterius
nos consideraeoe p°misson de gra nra s°pati concessim9 p° nob & successor^ nris p'Yatis
magris siue Gubnatorib5 ac Coit'ati dee Mistera Barbitonson & successorib} suis hanc
libtatem videlt q"'d ipi p"'petuis futuris temporibj pr'sonas habiles & sufficient9 eruditos &
informatos in dct'i mistera Sirurgic9 & p° macros siue Gubnatores mistera illius p'' tempore
existen9 in forma pr'dcti approbat1 & maiore Ciuitatis p°dee pr' tempore existen9 vt p9dcam
est p^sentat in eandem misteram Barbitonson ad libtafes dee Ciuitatis hend9 & gaudend9
scdm consuetudinem dee Ciuitatis admitte & recipr'e valeant & non alias p°sonas quasciiq,
neq3 alio Modo aliquo mandato aut requisiede nri heredimi seu successor nron pr; briis
inscriptf vel alitf qualitf cumq3 incontrm factf seu faciendf non obstante Et licet iidem
magri siue Gubnatores ac Coiatas & eon successores hac libtate continue in futurf vsi fiiint
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
55
conta aliquod mandatum siue requisicoem nri heredii seu successor nroii aut aliquot
alio1.; quo^cutj} in forma p°di;a fiendf ipi tamen finem contemptu depnditum erga nos
heredes seu successores nros aut dampnu vel malum aliquod in bonis seu corporib} suis
erga quoscumq^ alios ea occone nullo modo incurrant nee eoit aliquis incurrat. Et hoc
absq5 fine seu feodo p° p°missis seu sigillacoe p'sentum nob faciendf soluendf vel
aliqualitf reddendf aliquo statute ordinacoe vel actu incontrm ante hec tempora editf
factf ordinate seu p''uis non obstantf. In cuius rei testimonm has Iras nfas fieri fecim9
patente-. Teste me ipo apud Westm vicesimo quarto die ffebruarii Anno regni nri primo.
Pekham.
p°bre de priuato sigillo & de dat(J
p'dct auctoritate parliamenti & p''
decern libris soluitf in hanapnio
(Endorsed.)
Irto in Cur9 Domini Regis in Cama
Guihalde Ciuitatf London in libro
signatf3 cum litta. 1. fof tercio decimo.
Anno regni Regis Edward) quarti
post conquestum Tercio.
Translation.
Edward by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord of
Ireland, To all to whom these present letters shall come, health. Know ye, that we
considering how our beloved, honest, and free men of the Mystery of Barbers of our City
-V) cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of London, exercising the Mystery or Art of Surgery, as well respecting wounds, bruises,
hurts, and other infirmities of our liegemen, and healing and curing the same, as in
letting blood, and drawing the teeth of our liege men, have for a long time undergone
and supported, and daily do undergo and support, great and manifold applications and
labours ; and also, how through the ignorance negligence and stupidity of some of the
men of the said Barbers, as well of the freemen of our said City, as of other Surgeons
foreigners and not freemen of the said City, and who daily resort to the said City, and in
the mystery of Surgery are not sufficiently skilled, whereby very many and almost infinite
evils have before this time happened to many of our liegemen, in their wounds, hurts,
bruises, and other infirmities, by such Barbers and Surgeons, on account of their defect
in healing and curing ; from which cause, some of our said liegemen have gone the way
of all flesh, and others, through the same cause, have been by all given over as incurable
and past relief, and it is to be dreaded, that similar or greater evils may in future arise on
this head, unless proper remedy is by us, speedily provided for the same. We therefore,
heartily weighing and considering that such evils do happen to our liegemen for want of
the examinations, corrections, and punishments by a due supervision of such Barbers
and Surgeons as are insufficiently skilled and instructed in the said mysteries or arts as
aforesaid ; have at the humble request of our aforesaid beloved, honest, and freemen of
the said Mystery of Barbers in our said city, granted to them that the said Mystery, and
all men of the said Mystery aforesaid, may be in deed and name one body and one
perpetual Community, and that two Principals of the said Community may, with the
consent of twelve persons, or at least eight of the said Community who are best skilled in
the mystery of Surgery, every year elect and make out of the Community, two Masters
or Governors of the utmost skill, to superintend rule and govern the Mystery and
Community aforesaid and all men of the said Mystery, and of the businesses of the
same for ever. And that the said Masters or Governors and Community may have a
perpetual succession and common seal to serve for the affairs of the said Community for
ever, and that they and their successors for ever may be able and capable to acquire and
possess in fee and perpetuity lands, tenements, rents, and other possessions whatsoever,
to the value of five marks per annum, besides reprises. And that they, by the name of
the Masters or Governors and Community of Barbers of London, may be able to plead
and to be impleaded before whatsoever Justices in Courts, and actions whatsoever. And
that the said Masters or Governors and Community, and their successors, may lawfully
and honestly assemble themselves, and make statutes and ordinances for the wholesome
government, superintendence, and correction of the said Mystery, according to the
exigency of the necessity, as often and whenever it may be requisite, lawfully and
unpunishably, without leave or hindrance of us, our heirs or successors, Justices,
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 57
Escheators, Sheriffs, Coroners, or any other Bailiffs, or servants of us, our heirs or
successors; provided that such statutes or ordinances are not in any ways contrary
to the laws and customs of our Kingdom of England. We further will and grant,
for us, our heirs and successors, as far as in us lies, that the Masters or Governors of the
aforesaid Community for the time being, and their successors for ever, shall have the
superintendence, scrutiny, correction, and government of all and singular the freemen of
the said City who are Surgeons, exercising the Mystery of Barbers within the said City,
and of all other foreign Surgeons whomsoever, in anywise practising and using the said
Mystery of Surgeons in the said City and the suburbs thereof, and the punishment of
them, as well freemen as foreigners, for their offences in not perfectly following, practising
and using that mystery, and also the superintendence and scrutiny of all kinds of
instruments, plaisters, and other medicines, and their recipes, by such Barbers and
Surgeons given, applied, and used for our liege men, for curing and healing their wounds,
bruises, hurts and such kind of infirmities, when and as often as shall be requisite for the
convenience and utility of our liege men ; so that punishment of such Barbers exercising
the said mystery of Surgeons, so offending in the premisses, be executed by fines,
amerciaments, and imprisonments of their bodies, and by other reasonable and suitable
means ; and that no Barber exercising the said mystery of Surgeons in the said City and
suburbs thereof, or any other foreign Surgeon whatsoever, shall in future be admitted to
follow, practise and exercise the said mystery of Surgeons, in anywise, within the said
City or the suburbs thereof, unless he be first approved by the said Masters or Governors,
or their successors, for this purpose able and sufficient as skilled in the said Mystery,
and for his plenary approbation in this behalf, by the said Masters or Governors to
the Mayor of the said City for the time being, presented. We also will and grant,
for us our heirs and successors, as far as in us lies, that neither the said Masters or
Governors and community of the said Mystery of Barbers, nor their successors, nor any
of them shall hereafter, in anywise be summoned or appointed on any assizes, juries,
inquests, inquisitions, attainders, or other recognizances, within the said City or suburbs
thereof for the time to come, before the Mayor or Sheriffs or Coroners of our said
City for the time being, by any summoning officer or his servant, or summoning officers
or their servants, although the said juries, inquisitions, or recognizances should be
summoned by a writ or writs of right, of us or our heirs, but that the said Masters or
Governors and Community of the aforesaid Mystery and their successors shall,
from henceforth for ever, be peaceably and entirely exonerated towards us, our
heirs and successors, and towards the Mayor and Sheriffs of our said City for the
time being, and every of their officeis and servants, by these presents. And further,
we, in consideration of the premisses, do of our special grace, for us and our successors,
I
58 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
grant to the said Masters or Governors and Community of the said Mystery of Barbers,
and their successors, this liberty, to wit, that they in all future times may admit
and receive persons apt and sufficiently skilled and informed in the said Mystery of
Surgery, and by the Masters or Governors for the time being of the said Mystery, in
manner aforesaid approved, and presented to the Mayor of the said City for the time
being as aforesaid, into the said Mystery of Barbers to the fredom of the said City,
to be held and enjoyed according to the custom of the said City ; and no other persons
whomsoever, nor in any other manner, any mandate or requisition of us, our heirs
or successors, by written letters or otherwise howsoever made or to be made to
the contrary notwithstanding. And although the said Masters or Governors and
Community and their successors should contumaciously use this liberty in future
against any mandate or requisition of us, our heirs, or successors, or any others
whomsoever to be made in form aforesaid, neither they nor any of them shall in anywise
incur any fine, contempt, or loss towards us, our heirs or successors, or any damage or
punishment in their goods or bodies, or towards any other persons whatsoever, on that
account ; And this without fine or fee for the sealing of these presents, to be done
paid or otherwise rendered unto us ; any statute, ordinance, or any act to the contrary,
before this time published made ordained or provided notwithstanding In witness
whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness myself at
Westminster the twenty-fourth day of February in the first year of our reign.
Pekham.
By writ of privy seal, and of the date aforesaid, by authority of Parliament,
and for ten pounds paid into the hanaper.
(Endorsed.)
Inrolled in the Court of the Lord the King, in the chamber
of the Guildhall of the City of London in the book marked
with the letter 1. folio thirteen in the third year of the reign
of King Edward the Fourth from the Conquest.
The chief point which strikes us on reading the foregoing
Charter is, that it contains a great deal relative to Surgery, and little,
indeed nothing, concerning Barbery, and yet it is granted ostensibly
to the Barbers !
Now the Surgical side being the more important one of the
craft, and the raison d'etre of the Charter being in a great measure to
provide for the regulation of Surgery and the correction of abuses in
zA nn als of the Barber-Surgeons. ^cj
that profession, this silence as to Barbery and recognition of Surgery
would seem to be an evidence that the practice of the latter, more or
less, was the rule rather than the exception with members of the
Company of Barbers ; and, as the Masters or Governors were
empowered to make "statutes and ordinances" (by-laws) for the
governance of the mystery, it was doubtless considered unnecessary
to descend into any details concerning shaving and the like in a
Royal Charter.
The preamble of this Charter is exceedingly quaint and
interesting, reciting how through the " ignorance, negligence and
stupidity " of various Barbers and other practitioners in Surgery,
many of the King's lieges had "gone the way of all flesh." Then at
the request of "our beloved, honest and free men of the said Mystery
of Barbers," the King grants to them, to be one body perpetual, etc.,
that two of the chief men of the Company (no doubt the two then
existing Masters "exercising the faculty of Surgery") may with twelve
or at least eight other skilled Barber-Surgeons, elect two Masters
annually : this provision in itself is singular, as it would seem to imply
that the body then incorporated was to be ruled by two Masters only ;
but a reference to our list of Masters and Wardens will shew that from
the year 1448 the Company has been ruled by four Masters, and so on
in unbroken succession to the present time1 ; these other two Masters
therefore were Masters of the Barbers proper, about whom nothing
was said in the Charter, but who were chosen annually in accordance
with ancient custom, the Chief or First Master being alternately a
Barber, and a Barber-Surgeon.
The Corporation was to have perpetual succession, and a
Common seal, to hold lands of a certain value, to be able to plead and
1 The term "Wardens" is a more modern designation used for convenience sake ; the Master
and the three Wardens are, strictly speaking, the four " Masters or Governors."
I 2
60 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
to be impleaded, to make by-laws, to have the scrutiny and correction
of (apparently all) Surgeons in the City and suburbs, as also the
oversight of all their instruments and medicines, etc., and to have the
power of inflicting punishment, by fine or imprisonment, on offenders.
None were to practise Surgery until examined and approved by the
Masters and presented to the Mayor, and authority was given for the
freemen of the Company to be admitted into the freedom of the City.
Another clause in the Charter was one which, whilst it con-
ferred a valuable privilege upon the Company, was a source of
continual strife and conflict with the Civic authorities, for by it all our
freemen claimed to be exempted from serving on Juries and inqui-
sitions, and this immunity, though constantly disputed, was as often
asserted and maintained, with various qualifications.
In The Times, November 26, 1839, is an account of the exemp-
tion of certain freemen of the Company from serving on Juries at the
Central Criminal Court. In this instance neither the claimants nor the
Recorder knew much about the matter — for one of the applicants said,
in reply to the Recorder, " I rest my claim on the Charter of
Henry VIII " // And, further on in the discussion, the same bold
Barber had the effrontery to declare that "the privilege was confirmed
by an Act passed in the reign of George II." This was the Act
which separated the Surgeons from the Barbers, and which did not
confirm to the latter the exemption claimed, but our freeman gained
his point, and the Recorder only grumbled.
As recently as 1868, a case was submitted to Sir J. D. Coleridge
(now Lord Chief Justice) as to the legality of the exemption, and he
gave his opinion in favour of it. However, since then the Jury Act
has, alas! swept away this cherished immunity, and thus let the Barbers
down to the level of their fellow citizens.
JSJkSa toec&czo ^vtt^c cttttimt <W<Vc/$tc»£) ^»«»
Oak/ by Richard Thornbury, Citizen and Draper of London, to Re
Fishmonger, Citizens of London, for ever, of all his title in two shops a
John Blounde of Braughyng in the County of Hertford, and which had
which shops were situate between the tenements of William Horn, Citize
Mary without Bishopsgate towards the east, and the King's highi
:l
'nut* vn <#4€Qu» pwct* *\<>ffiellw
,Hm Ai^rJtj'* fi«t»m -MS» <&>*«»»> fen *»«**^ wjnffu&eii ffy>f># am> jab*1 fe&tfia** ^ tLej^ pL „, aftyut »*6 -
jvtcS* SfcMtoM ^i^«« ««*m«*K. <W<V«WSm»fc apoWt"*** ^pctevtt-nfftttw? &£ agon*"* «irtcL. Zn«.*m e&Hvve***"*6)
Grant by Richard Thornburv, Citizen and Draper of London, to Robert Ferbras, Citizen and Surgeon, John Dagvile, Surgeon, William Sipnam, Grocer, and Walter Bartlot,
Fishmonger, Citizens of London, for ever, of all his title in two shops and solars with their appurtenances, in the parish of Saint John upon Wralbroke, formerly belonging to
John Blounde of Braughyng in the County of Hertford, and which had been already conveyed to the Grantees by John Thornbury, gentleman, and Walter Thornbury, Clerk,
which shops were situate between the tenements of William Horn, Citizen and Draper, towards the north and south, and the tenement of the Prior and Convent of the Blessed
Mary without Bishopsgate towards the east, and the King's highway leading from Walbroke to Dowgate towards the west. Dated I Ith May, 2 Edward IV (1462)-
cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 61
With the possession of their Charter the Company were now in
an unassailable position, and we hear no more of their molestation by
the Guild of Surgeons.
1470. The Company about this period came into possession of
some freehold houses in St. John the Baptist upon Walbrook, to be
held both for trust and corporate purposes. These houses are stated
in our books to have been devised to us by Will (dated 2nd Dec, 1470)
of Robert Ferbras. There are three old title deeds of the period still
at the Hall, relating to these houses, and in the Court of Husting at
Guildhall are two Wills of Robert Ferbras, Surgeon, both proved, one
dated 4th Nov., 1470, and the other 17th April, 1472 — but neither of
these contain the bequest to the Barbers. It is, therefore, probable
that Robert Ferbras conveyed the houses to the Company in his life-
time, and this fact being overlooked in course of years, it came to be
said that they passed by his Will.
1482. 26th April. — The Company applied to the Court of Alder-
men, presenting a set of ordinances for the government of the craft and for
the regulation of apprentices, praying that the same might be allowed
and ratified, which was done. The official entry under this date is in
Letter-Book L. 1 74, and the following are the Ordinances : —
Ordinacio ) Memorand q°d sexto decimo die Aprilis Anno regni Regis Edwardi
BarbitonscY ( quarti post conqm vicesimo scdo p^foi hoies Artis sive mistere
Barbitonsoii Civitatis london ven° hie in Cur° di'i Dm Regis in Cam's Guyhald Civitatf
p°dci coram Willme Haryot milite ac maiore & Aldfis ejusdem Civitatis et porrexernt
eisdem maiore & Aldris quandam billam sive supplicacoem Cujus tenor sequitur in hec
verba.
To the right hono'able lord the Mair And the right wirshipful Sov'aignes the
Aldermen of the Citee of London Mekely besechen your goode lordship and maister-
shippes all the p°sones enfraunchesed in the crafte and mistere of Barbours w'in the Citee
of london That it wold pleas the same your lordshipp and maistershippes for the Wirship
62 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of the said Citee And for the goode Rule to be had w'in the saide Craft to graunte
and establissh thise articles folowyng And theym to be entred of Recorde in the
Chambre of the said Citee before your said lordship and maistershippes hereafter for to
be observed and executed.
FFirst that there shall no ffraunchesed Barbor- w'in the said Citee take any man
or Child to be his Apprentice before that he hath pr'sented the same man or Child unto
the maister and Wardeyns of the said Craft for the tyme being, to thentent that the same
maister and Wardeyns may duely examyne ov'see serche and behold by the Colour and
complexion of the said man or Child if he be avexed or disposed to be lepur or gowty
maymed or disfigured in any p°ties of his body Whereby he shall fall in disdeyn or
lothefulnesse unto the sight of the Kingf liege people And also to be examyned of his
birth and of his kynrede or if there be on hym any bonde claymed, And if he be founde
defectif in any of thise poyntf that than no fraunchesed Barbo'' of the saide Citee shall
take hym to his Apprentice uppon payn to pay v"- Whereof that one half shall Remayn
unto the Chambre of the said Citee.
Also that ev°y enfraunchesed barbour that taketh any apprentice shall pay to the
almes of the said Craft for the same Apprentice iijs- iiijd' to be paied in founne folowyng that
is to sey, at the first p°sentacion of the App°ntice xxd- and that other xxd- in the same yeere
When he shall be enrolled And the names of the maister and app°ntice and the yeres of
app°ntishode of the same app^ntice shalbe writen in a book by the said maisf & Wardeyns
And he that disobeith this article or orden'nce shall pay unto ye almes of the said Craft
of harbours xiijs iiij'1 that one half thereof to be applied to thuse of the said Chambre and
that other half to the almes of the said Craft. And if it so be that the said Apprentice
Dye w'in the first yere, or voide so that the said maisf take none avauntage by the same
App°ntice, that than the same money stonde for the next App°ntice, And if it hapne the
said maister to take any p°fet \_profit~\ for the said App°ntice by way of Sale or s\ice and
that so p'Ved before the said maister and Wardeyns that than the saide maister of the said
App°ntice to be charged for the said \\f iiij1-
Then follows the usual Ratification (in Latin) of the above
Articles.
1487. The next notice which we have of the Barbers in the City
books, indicates that there had been quarrels and dissensions among
them, and that the rules of the Craft had been set at nought by its
members, whereupon a Book of Ordinances was presented to the Court
cA/mals of the Barber-Surgeons. 6)
of Aldermen for approval and ratification and the same is entered at
this date, 20 July 2 Hen vij, in Letter-Book L. 235^ as follows : — ■
Memorandum q°d xx°- die Julij Anno regni Regis Henrici septum secundo,
Gardiani & at pt>i hoies Artf sive occupacois de Barbours Civitatf london vener0 hie in
Cur° dci dni Regis in Canra Guilhald ejusdem Civitatf coram Henrico Colet milite
maiore & Aldris Civitat(J p°dci & porrexnunt eisdm maori & Aldris quanda billam sive
supplicaoem Cujus tenor sequif' in hec verba,
To the right honourable lord the maire and fulle discrete sov'aignes thald^men of
the Citee of london Shewen mekely unto yor' good lordeship and maisfshippes the maister
and the Wardeyns and the good ffolke of the Crafte or Science of Barbours Surgeons of the
said Citee that Where as they of longe tyme have been in discorde and not of oon conformite,
but ev'y man in effect of the said Crafte or Science hathe taken and folowed his own singuler
way and apetite as menne be' under no Rule nor obedience, contrarie to all godly policie for
lacke of good Rules and ordenancf hadde and used within the same Crafte or Science, and
in especiall for takyng of over many app°nticf and settyng awerk of money2 fforeyns corny ng
cute of Seint Martyns, Westmynster, Suthwerk and other placf nere unto this Citee to the
distruccion of the good ffolke enfraunchised of the said Crafte or Science, but if3 a remedie by
yor noble and grete wisdomes the rather be p'Vided in that behalf. That it wold pleas yor'
good lordeship and maistershippes for the good Rule and sadde4guydyng hereafter to be hadde
amongf the good ffolkf of the said Crafte within the same Crafte to graunt to yor saide be-
sechers certeyn Articles hereaft? ensuying from hensforth to be obs°ved and kept and afore
you here in this hono'able Court to be establisshed and entred of Record for ever to endure.
FFirst that no p°sone of the said Crafte or science ne none other enfraunchised
within the saide Crafte and kepyng open shoppe of the same Crafte or Science within the
same Cite from hensforth in any wyse p°sume to take uppon him to sette a werke
within his house or Shoppe any s0 vaunt or s°vauntf or allowes5 or other beyng fforeyns
or estraungiers, but6 ev°ry suche p^sone so enfraunchised in the saide Crafte or science
or in any other and occupie the same Crafte or Science within the Citee aforesaid present
any such s'Vaunt or s°vauntf allowes and other before the maistPs and Wardeyns of
the same Crafte or Science of Barbours for the tyme beyng within iij daies next after
his comyng to his saide maister to thentent that the saide maister and Wardeyns have
knowledge of their habilitie and cunyng7 before they be sette any lenger in occupation
in the saide Crafte or Science, And what man9 p^sone8 aforesaid hereafter be founde
1 Being = living. 2 Many. :l But if = unless. 'Wise.
:' Hired servants. 6 Unless. ' Skill. s Manner of person.
64 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
doyng the contrarie of this ordenance shall forfeit and pay at ev°y tyme that he is so
founden defectif xls' the oon half thereof to be applied to thuse of the Chambre of this
hono'able Citee and the other half to the Coen boxe of the said Crafte.
Also that no mar? p°sone' enfraunchised in the saide Crafte or in any other
kepying an open Shoppe and occupieth the same Crafte within the Citee from hensforth
take or set a Werke within his house or shoppe or ellf where within the same Citee
any moo- S9 vaunts allowes at oones3 beyng fforeyns or Straungiers but oonly ij p°sones
and the same ij p°sones to be p°sented by their maister before the maister and Wardeyns
of the said Crafte or Science of Barbours for the tyme beyng within iij daies next corftyng
in to suche s°vice to their suche maist° And that the same fforeyns or straungiers shall
take or have of their saide maister suche wages for their suche s°vice as it shalbe
thought by the saide Maister and Wardeyns of the said Crafte of Barbours that they
canne des'Ve and none other, And what maner of p°sone aforesaid hereafter be founde
doyng contrarie to this orden'ncf shall forfeit at ev°ry tyme that he is founde defectif
v'ij to be divided and applied to suche uses as be aforeherced.'1
Also if it fortune hereafter any p°sone enfraunchised in the saide Crafte of
barbours or in any other occupying the same Crafte of barbours within the Citee to take
any mo s'VauntC allowes at oones beyng fforeyns or straungiers than onely ij as is
aforeherced5 Wherethurgh6 he renneth in the forfaiture of the said penaltie of vlij for the
saide offence, and than that the maister and Wardeyns of the saide Crafte of Barbours for
the tyme beyng havyng knowleche therof put not the said penaltie of v'1' in execucion
accordyng to the teno'- of the saide Acte thereof made, within xiiij daies after that the
said maist0 and Wardeyns have knowleche thereof, that than the said maist° and Wardeyns
for the tyme beyng so founden defectif shall forfeit and lose at ev'y tyme xiijs- iiijd- to be
divided and applied to suche uses as be aforeherced.
Also that no man0 p^sones enfraunchised in the said Crafte or in any other
occupying the same Crafte within the said Citee from hensforth take any moo app°ntices
at oones than iij uppon payne of forfaiture of va at ev°y suche tyme as he is founde
defectif doyng contrarie of this Article, to be divided and applied to suche uses as be
afore reherced Savyng allway that it shalbe lefull to ev°y suche p^sone oon yeere before the
t°me of app°ntishode of any his app°nticf be expired to take a nother app^ntice in the
stede of hym that is nygh comyng oute of his t°mes of app^ntishode to thentent that the
same newe app^ntice may have his due erudicion and lernyng in the said Crafte or
Science of Barbours before the t9mes and 7 of the rather app'Vitice.
1 Manner of person. '-' More. ' Once. ' Afore rehearsed.
5 Afore rehearsed. 8 Wherethrough = whereby. ; A blank in the original.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 65
Also if any p'son of the said Crafte or Science selle away his app°ntice to a
nother manne within his t°mes of app'ntishode that than it shalnot be lefull to any suche
p°sone so silling away his app°ntice to take any newe in his stede duryng the t9me to come
of app°ntishode of that appr'ntice so sold Nevertheles if it fortune any app°ntice to dye
within the t°mes of his app°ntishode that than it shall be laufull to the mast0 of that
app°ntice so dying to take a nother in his stede when so ev9 it shall lyke hym.
Provided all way that it shalbe lefull to ev°y p°sone of the said Crafte nowe
havyng many app°nticC to reteyne and holde fulle as many app''nticf as he hathe the day
of makyng of this Acte or ordenance unto suche tyme as the t°me of their app^nticialite
shalbe fully accomplisshed So all way that no suche p°sone take any mo app''ntices unto
suche tyme as the nu'bre of the said app^nticf be reduced and brought unto the said
nu°bre of iij appr,nticf uppon payn of forfaiture of vIL to be divided and applied to suche
uses as been afore reherced.
Also that no foreyn Barbour from this tyme foreward occupie the Craft or
Science of Barbours or Surgeon Barbor within the ffraunchise of the said Citee but if he
be lymytted and assigned therto by the maister and Wardeyns of the same Craft for the
tyme beyng uppon payn of forfaiture of v"- as often as any suche p°sone so be founde
defectif, to be divided and applied to suche uses as be aforeherced. Provided allway that
if it canne be thought for the wele of the kyngf people that if any foreyn Barbours or
foreyn Surgeon be founden of such habilitie and connyng of Surgerie or of that Crafte that
it were necessarie to have hym to occupie within the ffraunchise of this Citee, that than
he be admitted therto by the Chamrjleyn of london and by the Maister and Wardeyns
of the said Crafte of Barbours for the tyme beyng, With that the same fforeyn fynde
suertie sufficient to be bounde to the said Chamrjleyn and Maister and Wardeyns for to
do make him self free of the saide Crafte or Science of Surgeon Barbours and to obey
and p°fourme the Rules and ordenancf of the same Crafte and to be under the
correcion of the same Crafte, provided allway that the kyngf^ people be served
in price of their Cure and shavyng in tyme to come aswell and as safely as they
have been in tymes passed.
Then follows the usual Ratification (in Latin) of the above
Articles.
1490. A declaration made by one Bryan Sandford, dated
8th March, 1490, was produced to the Committee of the House of
K
66 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Commons in 1745, in which it was stated that the Company were
at that time possessed of the freehold of their Hall in Monkwell
Street.
1493. On the 1 2th July in this year, an agreement was
entered into between the Barbers' Company and the Surgeons'
Guild which would indicate that the two bodies were now on amicable
terms, working harmoniously for the increase of the credit of the
profession, and for the correction of inexperienced surgeons and
empirics. This " Composition " is of so interesting a nature that
it is here given in full, as extracted from the fine old Book
of Ordinances at the Hall ; it did not unite the two bodies
in any way beyond this, that they agreed to follow the same
rules and practice with regard to the government of all
Surgeons ; that each guild was to choose two Wardens, and
that the four so chosen were to act in a conjoint capacity as
rulers or masters in matters surgical, and thus comprehend all
Surgeons, whether of the Barbers' Company, the Surgeons'
Guild, or "foreyns."
HIS present wrytyng endentyd of coptosicyons made the xijth day
of July i° the zere of owyr lord God M'CCCClxxxxiij and the
viij"1 zere of the reyne of kyng harry the vijth William Martyn
then beyng mayre of this cyte of london betwyxt the ffelishippis
of surgeons enfraunches0 w' in the cyte of london on that on p'ty
And the felishippis of harbours surgeons and surgeons harbours enfraunchessid
i° the seyd cyte on the other parte witnesyth that the sayde felyshippys of ther
comon assent and mere mocyons ben codescedyd and agreyd togethir the day
and the zere aboue sayd, in man and fourme folowyng. That is to sey that
eiiy p°son and p°sons of the faculte or scyens of surgeons admyttyd and
sworne to eytti of the sayde felyshippis from hens forward shall stond and
a byde w' ther felyshippis as they now do and dyd before thys present
composicyon.
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 67
.LSO that from hens forth non of the sayde felyshippis shall admyt nor
reseyue in to ther felishippys any alyent straung0 or foreyn vsyng the
sayde faculte or scyens of surgery w'owten knowleg or ciisent of
the wardes of bothe the seyd felishippys. All so for the welth and
suerte of the kyngf lege people And the honour of the seyde
felyshyppys, It is agreyd be twyxt the same two felyshippis that non alyent
straunger nor foreyn shall use nor ocopy the seyde faculte or scyens of surtiy
withyn this cyte or subbers of the same unto such tyme as he shewhym selfe
to the mayer for the time beyng, and by the iiij wardeyns of bothe the saide
felishippis, that is to sey of eytri of the sayde felishippis, tweyn, and oth° suche as
by theyr wysdomys they will call vnto them, be dewly examyned & approuyd to be
sufficyent of conyng and habilyte in the sayde faculte. And yf any such p°son or p^sones
bi the sayde iiij wardens as is afore sayde be taken reputed and a lowed to be sufficient
of konyng and habylite i° the seyd faculte or scyens of surgery that then the p°son or
p^sonys so knowen and admyttyd shall be sworne to all the good rewlys and ordenans of
y" seyd faculte or scyens of surgery, and to be under the coreccyon of the iiij wardens for
the tyme beyng to the entent that at all tymes he may be under dwe coreccyon for the
sauegard of y" kyngis lege people. And if any suche alyent straung'1 or foreyn of
p^sumcon refuse to be examyned of the seyde wardens in man & fourme as is a fore
seyd, Or yf any suche straunger or foreyn so examyned be the seyde wardens be Juged
onsufficient of conyng and neiitheles takyth upon hym to occupy or vse the seyde faculte
of sunjy w'yn the seyde cyte or subbars of the same, Then take the name of hym or
them so doyng and p°sent hym by the sayd iiij wardens to the mayer for the tyme beyng,
to the entent that by his wysdom, and advice of hys honerabyll brethern may set suche
direccyon as shall be thought resonabil formacion1 therof, restrayne hym from the
ocupacon of the same scyens w' in the sayde cyte. Also it is agreyd and copoundyd
betwyxte the sayde felyshippys that from hensforth eiiy of the seyde felyshippis and
seiially by them selfe, Chese of themselfe two discrete p^sons usyng the fete of surgery to
be seiially wardens of the sayde seiiall felishippis, and that these iiij wardens for the tyme
beyng when and as oftyn as nede shall requere, Shall haue the syght and good gounaunce
of the seide faculte of surgery. And eiiy p°son or p°sonys of eiiy of the sayde felyshippis
that happenys or shall fortune to haue any Jeop°de= or dowtefull cure, dredyng deth or
may,3 he or they hauing at eny tyme to come, shall shew and p°sent the cure or curys
in as short tyme as nede shall be reqVed, And at the leste at the thyrde dressyd 4 to the
saide iiij wardens for the tyme beyng, Or any other p°son or p°sonys that is to seye, to
'? "For reformation." -Jeopardy. 3 Maiming. ' ? " Day " or " dressing. "
K 2
68 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
one of yche of the seyde felishippis, and the same wardens and yf them seme nedefull
shall call unto them ij or iij, or more if nede req°re, of the wysest and best exp°te me of
the said felishippis occupyeng the saide faculte of surgery as them semeth most expedyent,
for the cause or causis aforesayde. Also in this coposycion yt is ordeyned and agreyd,
that none of the iiij wardens for the zere beyng neyther any other p°son of the sayde
felishippis ocopyeng the crafte of surii'i, Put any man of thes sayde felishipis oute of ther
cure otherwyse then the honeste of the crafte wolle, but that yche of them be redy to
helpe eche other w' counsell or deed, y' worship profyte and the honeste of the crafte,
and helpyng of the seke be had and done on all sydis. And if ony of thes iiij wardens
for the tyme bey°g or any other p°son or p°sonys of the seyde felyshippis do the cotrary
that eche suche doer content the valvyr ' of the cure, After discressyon and Jugemet of
the same iiij wardens for the zere beyng, And also for his trespas to paye aftur discression
and Jugemet of the iiij wardens. Also if any p°son of the sayde felishippis dislaunder or
depute any of the saide felishippis onrightfully ownonestly and ef it so maye be prouyd
upon hym by two or thre witnesse, that he paye for that trespas iij,j iiij'1', and ouer that
to make amendis to y" seide p°sons the whiche he hath so disslaunderd aftur Jugement
of onest men of the seyd felyshippis not founden in non suche defaute.
This p°sent coposicyon was made the daye and zere a bowe wreton by Roberd
taylour, Rob'- Halyday, Thorns Koppisley, Thorns Thornton, Ihoii Harte, John Marhifi,
Roberd Beuerly, James Scote, James Ingoldysby, John Taylour, Richard Swedenhm,
Nicholas Leueryng, John Wilson. In rowlid in Raffe Osterigis tyme, mayer.
Of the persons assenting to this composition, the following were
Barber-Surgeons, viz. : Rob'- Halyday (Master 1475, 1483, 1485, 1490,
1496), James Scott (M. 1493, 1498, 1500), James Ingoldysby (M. 1501,
1506), John Taylour (M. 1523, 1524), and Nicholas Leveryng (M. 1503,
1 508), the others were most likely belonging to the Guild of Surgeons.
An Ordinance by way of addenda to the above was made,
imposing penalties upon any who should break any of the foregoing
rules; the first offence to be punished by a fine of 10s., the second 20s.,
and the third offence to be remitted to the Mayor and Aldermen for
punishment after their discretion.
' ? " Value."
^5he;ar of oibic *ki&. aj. care U$*mj .
ta-fiicgoiin^raujn trie fieof otaefoucjm
^3i|C5 aontte tuat gmai <mto ttjf ante
of &u$rott$ of Kmitutt tfjr uq $ato£'(jt* <
FAC-SIM1LE OF THE TITLE-PAGE TO THE OLD BOOK OF ORDINANCES, REPRESENTING SAINTS
COSMO AND DAMIAN (PATRON SAINTS OF THE BARBER-SURGEONS) AND THE COAT
OF ARMS GRANTED TO THE COMPANY OF SURGEONS IN 1492. (See p. 4JJ.)
FAC-SIMILE OF THE DIPLOMA GRANTED BY THE MASTER AND WARDENS OF THE BARBER-
SURGEONS TO ROBERT ANSON (8 AUG., 1497), ENABLING HIM TO
practise as a surgeon. (See p. 6g.)
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oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 69
How long this agreement, so beneficial for the practice of
Surgery, continued in force is unknown ; but the probabilities are that
the old jealousies soon re-appeared and that each Guild worked on its
own lines until 1540, as, by the uniting Act then passed, it was specially
remarked as desirable that the two Companies should come together,
and be incorporated in one.
1497. We shall now present to the reader's notice a highly
important document, being a diploma granted by the Master and
Wardens of the Barbers' Company to one of their freemen, enabling
him to practise as a Surgeon. This is in all probability the earliest
English diploma of a Surgeon extant and cannot fail by the quaintness
of its composition, and the details given, to prove of much interest.
We notice in it, that our Company as usual, did not fail to rehearse its
prerogatives and practice, and we also observe that thus early the
Company provided an instructor and examiner in the science, Dr. John
Smith, before whom came in the Common Hall, Robert Anson, and
in the presence of a "great audience of many right well expert men
in Surgery and others, was openly examined in divers things con-
cerning the practice," etc.
THE LETT0 PATE OF B°BOURS cv: OF SURGEOS B°BORS.
=5%7j)0 all trew crysten people to whom thes present lettris shall come.
SP&C Roberd Halidai ' mastur of harbours and of surgeon harbours of
london, and Willfn Okeley, John Knote ' and Thomas Dawes 3
wardens of the same gretyng, knowe ye that wher as the moste
excellent Pryns in cryst and soiieyn lord Edward by the grace of
god kyng of ynglod and of ffraunce, lord of Ierlond, for many p'Younde cosider-
acyons his gee movyng, hathe grauntyd the well to hym T cryst, the approuyd fremen
the coialte of harbours and of surgeon harbours of the cyte of londo, The serche
and oiisyght correcyon and ponyshement, examinacon & approbacion of all fremen
1 Master 1475, 14S3, 1485, 1490, 1496. ' Master 15 10. :1 Master 1504.
jo fi/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
usyng or hauntyng the conyng of surgery and burbory, And of all maner of men
foreyns usyng or hauntyng any p\iculer p°te of surgery withyn the seyde cyte or subbers
ther of, As a bowte new woundys, olde soris, and other lesyons what so eii they be, Also
in drawyng of teeth ventosyng scarificacons and suche oth° manwall operacons, lyke as
the lettres patentes of owre seyde lege lord the kyng ther upon made planyly may apere.
We therfore the saide Roberde, YVilliri, John & Thorns at this tyme masturs and
wardens of the saide felishyp, ffor the comyn p°fyte weth1 and relefe socour of owr lordis
the kyngC lege people, entedyng to p°uyde men of good capasite and abill I maners and
conyng, sufficiently lerned, enfourmed, and labored by long experyens, and other in the
seide craft of surgery, — haue prayed and requyred mastur John Smyth doctour I phesik,
Instructour & examener of the seide feliship, and be ' the same for that intent chosen
and elect to entur & examynacyon for the cawses a boue saide, w' divers p°sons whiche
long tyme, w'owte auctorite, haue vsed and haunted w' experyens the conyng of surgery,
wheruppon aftur dewe and dyuers monycions made in this be halue, Roberd Anson on
of the seide coialte at the comyn hall of the same 1 london appered, i his p°pyr p°son, the
first day of August last past, submyttyng hym selfe to the examynron and thaposicion,3
wher and when the seide Roberd by the sayde John Smyth, in a gret audiens of many
ryght well expert men T surgery & other, was opyly examyned I dyuers thingf cocernyng
the practise op\tife and directif in the seyde crafte of Surgery. And ther albe it he hathe
a fore this many tymys been well approuyd, 5et now he is newly habelyd, be 4 the seyde
doctour and felyship, and founde abyll and discrete to ocopy & vse the practise of
surgery, as well a bowte new woundis, as cansers, fystelis, vlceracions & many other
disessis & dyuers ; & the same Robert thus aprouyd and abelyd we haue, as an
expert man T the seyd faculte, aprouyed and abeled to ocupy & practyse in the
seyd faculte, i eiiy place, when and as ofte as hym best lyketh we haue lycensid
hym and graiitid to hym by thes p°sentes. I witnes wherof we haue putte the
comyn scale of barbours and of surgeon b'bours of london, geuen at london i
the comyn hall of the seyd Comonalte the viij day of August the zere of oure lord
god M'CCCClxxxxvij.
1499. In this year the Company obtained from Henry VII a
confirmation of their Charter, paying but 20s. for the same. This
Inspeximus Charter recites and confirms that of Edward IV with
the very noticeable exceptions, that four Masters or Governors are
named instead of two, and that they are described as of " the
1 Wealth. - By. * " The apposition " = the questioning. ' By.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. yi
Mystery of Barbers and Surgeons," and not " Barbers " only, as
in Edward's grant.
The original, in excellent preservation, with the great seal of
England pendant, is at the Hall, and the text is as follows : —
Henricus dei gratia Rex Anglie Francie & Dominus Hibernie Omnib3 ad
quos p^sentes littere pervenerunt, salutem. Inspeximus litteras patentes recolende
memorie domine E. quarti nuper Regis Anglie progenitoris nostri factas in hec verba.
Edwardus dei gracia Teste me ipso apud Westmonasteriii
vicesimo quarto die Februarii Anno regni nostri primo. Nos autem litteras predictas
ac omnia & singula in eis contenta rata habentes et grata ea pro nobis et heredibus
nostris quantum in nobis est acceptamus & approbamus ac dilectis ligeis nostris Rico
Haywarde Jacobo Holand Johanni Robertson et Johanni Boteler nunc Magistris sive
Gubernatoribj mistere Barbitonso^ et Sirurgico^ infra Civitatem nram predcam &
eo^ Successorib5 per p^sentes ratificamus et confirmamus sicut Ire predce ronabilis
testant? In cujus rei testioin has Iras nras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me i[io apud
Westm quinto die Decembris Anno regni nostri quinto decimo.
Clerk.
pro viginti solidis solutis in hanaperio.
(Endorsed.)
Intratur in libro signato cum Ira. m. tempore Nich'i Ahvyne
maioris Civitatis londou Anno Regni Regis Henrici septum
quinto decimo. Pakknham.
Translation.
Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland,
To all to whom these present letters shall come, health. We have inspected the letters
patent of the Lord Edward the fourth, of gracious memory, late King of England, our
progenitor, made in these words, " Edward by the grace of God
Witness my self at Westminster the 24th day of February in the first year of our reign."
We also, the aforesaid letters, and all and singular therein contained ratifying and
granting, for us and our heirs, as much as in us lies do accept and approve, and to our
beloved lieges, Richard Haywarde, James Holand, John Robertson, and John Boteler,
now Masters or Governors of the Mystery of Barbers and Surgeons within our City
aforesaid, and to their successors, by these presents, do ratify and confirm, as in the
72 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
aforesaid letters is reasonably testified. In Witness whereof, we have caused these
our letters to be made patent. Witness myself at Westminster the fifth day of December
in the fifteenth year of our reign.
Clerk.
for twenty shillings paid into the hanaper.
(Endorsed.)
Entered in the book marked with the letter m. in the time of
Nicholas Alwyne, Mayor of the City of London, in the fifteenth
year of the reign of King Henry the Seventh.
Pakenham.
151 i. In this year an Act of Parliament was passed, which
infringed on the privileges of the Barbers' Company, inasmuch as it
placed the approbation and licensing of Surgeons in the hands of
certain clerical dignitaries, to wit, the Bishop of London and Dean of
St. Paul's (while for the country the several Bishops or their Vicars
general were nominated). This Act was possibly the outcome of some
laxity on the part of our Company, or of an intolerable growth of
quackery, with which it could not cope, the pretenders to surgical
knowledge being a "great multitude" of ignorant persons, and women,
using sorcery, witchcraft and noxious remedies. This Act of Parlia-
ment (3 Hen. VIII, cap. XI) as given below, is from an original copy
in the possession of Mr. Charles J. Shoppee (Master 1878).
% AN ACTE CONCERNYNG THE APPROBATION OF PHISICIONS
AND SURGIONS.
To the kyng our souerayne lorde, and to all the lordes spiritual and temporall,
& comons in this present parlyament assembled. Forasmoche as the science and
connynge of phisike & surgerie (to the perfet knowlege whereof, be requisite both great
lernyng and rype experience) is dayly within this realme exercised by a great multitude of
ignorant p°sons : of whome the great part haue no maner of insight in the same, nor in
any other kynde of lernynge, some also can no letters on the boke, so farforthe that
common artificers, as smythes, weauers, and women, boldely and customably take upon
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 7?
them greate cures and thinges of greate difrlcultie : in the whiche they partly use sorcerye,
and witchcrafte, partly apply suche medicines unto the disease, as be very noyous and
nothyng metely therfore to the highe displeasure of god, great infamye to the facultie, and
the greuous hurte, damage, and destruction of many of the kynges liege people : most
specially of them that can not discerne the unconnynge from connynge. Be it therfore
(to the suertie and comforte of all maner people) by auctoritie of this present parliament
enacted, that no persone within the citie of London, nor within seuen myles of the same,
take upon hym to exercise and occupie as a phisition or surgion, excepte he be fyrst
examyned, approued, and admytted by the byshop of London, or by the deane of Paules,
for the tyme beinge, calling to hym or them foure doctours of phisike, and for surgery,
other experte persons in that facultie, and for the fyrste examination suche as they shall
thynke conuenient, and afterwarde alway foure of them that haue ben so approued, upon
the peine of forfayture, for euery moneth that they do occupie as phisitions or surgions,
not admytted nor examyned after the tenour of this acte, of v.li. to be enployed the one
halfe therof to thuse of our soueraine lorde the kynge, and the other halfe therof to any
person that wyll sue for it by action of dette, in whiche no wager of lawe nor protection
shalbe alowed.
^1" And ouer this, that no persone out of the sayd citie and precinte of vii. myles
of the same, except he haue ben (as is aforesayd) approued in y" same, take upon hym to
exercise and occupie as a phisition or surgion, in any diocesse within this realme, but if he
be fyrste examined and approued by the bysshoppe of the same dyocese, or he beynge
out of the dioces by his vycare generall : either of them callyng to them suche experte
persones in the sayde faculties, as their discretion shal thynke conuenient, and gyuyng
theyr letters testimonials under theyr seale to hym that they shall so approue, upon lyke
peyne to them that occupie contrary to this acte (as is above sayde) to be leuied
and employed after the forme before expressed.
5[ Prouyded alway, that this acte nor any thynge therin contayned, be
preiudiciall to the uniuersities of Oxforde and Cambrydge or eyther of them, or to any
priuileges graunted to them.
This Act seems to have invested the Bishops, etc., with the
power of licensing all Surgeons, and if so, would have taken away that
privilege from our Company ; the point is however doubtful, and I am
inclined to think that the Act did not operate to the prejudice of the
L
j4 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Company, only in so far as it suffered from the existence of another
licensing authority.
Mr. D'Arcy Power has pointed out that the Act very soon
became unpopular, and that it was almost immediately practically
repealed by another one, which provided that it should be " lawful to
any person being the king's subject, having knowledge or experience
of the nature of herbs, etc., to minister in and to any outward sore
or wound according to their cunning." (Memorials of the Craft of
Surgery, p. 85.)
This latter Act, which in its effect would flood the land with
quacks, must however have remained the law until the Act of
32 Hen. VIII, whereby the Barber- Surgeons were reinstated in their
ancient rights; and it is the fact, that down to the 1 8th Century
the Ecclesiastics claimed and enforced their rights (under the Act
3 Hen. VIII) to license Surgeons, notwithstanding other Acts passed
since then, which although not expressly extinguishing their power,
certainly did not save it. The Barber-Surgeons' Company seem
to have examined the Surgeons, and, if approved, to have given
a certificate under Seal, which was presented to the Bishop who
thereupon issued his licence. This practice was not however universal,
and I think only applied to some Surgeons who were not free of the
Company. In some cases the Bishop licensed Surgeons, without
reference to the Company, and thousands have been licensed by the
Company without regard to the Bishop. It is almost impossible to say
now what course was followed, the practice certainly varying with the
times (see Surgery).
15 13. In this year an Act of Parliament was passed exempting
Surgeons from juries, inquests, etc. This must have been passed in
c/imials of the Barber-Surgeons. 75
the interest of the Surgeons' Guild, as the Barber- Surgeons were surely
exempt under their Charter from Edward IV.
1 5 12. The Barbers' Company having applied to the King
(Henry VIII) for a confirmation of their Charter, their request was
acceded to. Henry is, on more than one occasion, spoken of in the
books as "our patron," and there is no doubt but that he was very
friendly both to our Company and to individual members of it, as
witness his gift of the grace cup, and the legacies in his will to various
members of the Company, with some of whom, as Pen, Harman,
Ayliff, etc., he was on as intimate terms as a king could be with a
subject ; there would therefore be, we may be sure, but little difficulty
in obtaining an Inspeximus.
In one of our Minute Books, Thomas Knot (Master 1555) has
transcribed what purports to be a copy of Henry's Inspeximus Charter
with the date 12th of May "in the xviijth yere of our Reigne" (/.£'., 1526),
and he appends a certificate that he has compared and agreed it with
the original ! Now we possess the original at Barbers' Hall and it is
dated 12th March 3rd Henry VIII (i.e., 15 12), and it would indeed
be a strange thing for Henry VIII in 1526 to recite and confirm
Henry VII's Charter, when he had already done so in 15 12. More-
over I have searched the Patent Rolls and whilst there is no record
in 1526, there is the entry of the 1512 Charter, and further to fix the
date, both Philip and Mary, and Elizabeth in their Inspeximus
Charters recite the 1 5 1 2 Charter.
It has been necessary to enter into this detail, as the date of
the Charter is important when we come to consider Holbein's picture ;
and as my friend Mr. D'Arcy Power has (p. 338) quoted this pretended
Charter not having seen the real one, he, very naturally trusting old
yo oAnnaU of the Barber-Surgeons.
Thomas Knot's statement, has fallen into the pit dug some three
hundred years ago.
The following is the Text of the Charter, and it will not be
necessary to append a translation, as it follows much on the same
lines as that of Henry VII : —
Henricus dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie Omnibus ad
quos presentes Ire pVenerunt saltifi Inspeximus litteras patentes domini H. nuper
R''gis Anglie septum patris nostri precarissimi de confirmacione factas in hec verba
Henricus dei gracia Teste me ipo apud Westmonasterium quinto die
Decembr0 Anno regni nfi quinto decimo. Nos autem litteras predictas ac omnia &
singula in eisdem contenta rata hentes &: grata ea pro nobis & heredibus nris quantum in
nobis est acceptamus & appro bamus ac dilectis ligeis nris Johi Peerson Witto Kyrkeby
Thome Gybson & Thome Martyn nunc Magistris sive Gubernatoribus mistere
Barbitonsorum et Sirurgicorum infra Civitatem nrsim predictam & eorum successoribus
per presentes ratificamus & confirmamus sicut Ire predicte ronabiliter testantur. In
cujus rei testimonium has Iras nriis fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipo apud
Westmonasterium duodecimo die Marcii Anno regni nri tercio.
VONO.
pro viginti solidis solutis in Hanap'^io.
The Great Seal, though still pendant, has been considerably
damaged.
1525. This year the Company received a Precept from the
Mayor, ordering them to provide for the " Midsummer Watch."
To the Wardens of the Barber Surgeons,
We woll and charge you that for the hounour of this Citie ye do ordeyne
& p'pare ageinst the watches to be kept within this Citie in the nightf^ of the vigilles of
Sent John Baptist & Seint Peter nowe next comynge iiij honest & comely p°sones suche
as ye will answere for, w' Bowes & arrowes clenely harneysed and arrayed yn Jakettf of
whytte, havynge tharmes of this Citie, to waytte and attende uppon us in the said
Watches, And to come to Blackwell Hall and there to be, for the not fayllynge hereof as
ye tendre the honour of this Citie and also will answere at your pells. Gyven in
the Guihall of the said Citie the xiiij day of Junij the xvij year of the Reigne of our
Soveraigne lorde King Henry the viij"'-
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. yy
An Acl of Parliament was passed in the 20th Henry VII,
which provided that the governing bodies of Guilds should not make
any by-laws or ordinances, without the same should be approved by
the Chancellor, the Lord Treasurer, and the Chief Justices of the
King's Bench and Common Pleas, or any three of them, etc., and
in 1530 our Company, being desirous of settling many points for
the government of the mystery, drew up a long set of interesting
Ordinances, which were presented to Sir Thomas More the Chancellor,
Sir John Fitzjames and Sir Robert
Norwiche the Chief [ustices, and were
signed by them on the 14th May, 1530.
The original (with More's autograph) is
at the Hall, and after reciting: the Act
of 20th Henry VII, ordains the following oaths and articles :—
The oath of a freeman.
The oath of the Masters and Governors with directions as to searches.
Ordinance as to attending on summons.
,, quarterage.
presentation of apprentices.
number of servants to be kept by freemen and liverymen.
wages of servants.
enticing away of servants.
opening shop.
teaching the mystery to any but apprentices.
sueino- brother freemen at common law.
" opprobrios condicions or dishonest wordes."
refusal to come on the Livery, and admission into
the Livery.
Sunday trading.
presenting patients in danger of death.
reading Lectures concerning Surgery.
yS eAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Ordinance as to supplanting another of his patient.
,, ,, the Dinners.
excess of words in debate.
„ departing from the Common assembly,
seniority.
,, ,, Barbers setting up shop.
Sir Thomas More's Ordinances, as above, will be found in full in
the Appendix B, the transcript being made from the original.1
1540. This year is one of the most memorable in the annals of
the Barber-Surgeons, as it witnessed the union of the unincorporated
Guild of Surgeons, with their more accredited fellow-craftsmen, the
incorporated Company of Barbers. It has been suggested by more
than one writer that such an union is shrouded in mystery, difficult of
explanation, and that in those days, with science advancing (slowly, it
is true), it might have been expected that we should read of a divorce-
ment, rather than a combination of two crafts, which then, as now, were
dissimilar both in their operations, and in the training and intelligence
necessary for their practice.
But it is essential to bear in mind that though the Charter of
Edward IV was ostensibly to the Barbers, it really was granted to a
fraternity, which to a great extent practised as Barber-Surgeons, some
of whom were Surgeons pure and simple, others combined both
branches, while others still carried on the more humble craft of
Shavers and Hair-Dressers ; those of the Company who practised
Surgery did no doubt consider it a reproach to be dubbed " Barbers,"
and for distinction sake called themselves and were well known as
" Barber-Surgeons," indeed they had so far established this title to
1 The copy of these Ordinances given by Mr. D'Arcy Power (p. 339) is taken from one made by our old
friend Thomas Knot, and is not literally, though it is substantially, accurate.
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 79
themselves and to their Company, as to get it recognised and so
named in the Inspeximus Charter of Henry VII (less than forty years
after their original Charter as " Barbers" had been granted to them).
This is to a great extent confirmed by the words of the Act now about
to be referred to, which distinctly says that there was then a Company
of " Surgeons occupy inge and exercisynge the sayde scyence and
faculty of surgery commonly called the Barbours
of London."
The Union therefore was not a joining of Barbers with
Surgeons (that had existed from the earliest times), but was the
consolidation of the "Guild of Surgeons" with another body of
Surgeons who were incorporated, and practised under the name of
" Barbers " in conjunction with actual working Barbers ; and, as the
Act provided what the Surgeons should and should not do, and the
like as to actual Barbers, limiting their operations also, most if not all
difficulty and apparent incongruity in the union seems to vanish.
The Act (32 Hen. VIII, cap. 42) which will well repay perusal,
settled the Barber-Surgeons in their corporate capacity for many a
long year ; under it the old rival society disappeared, it being declared
that the two Companies should be united, so that by their assembling
together, the science of Surgery might be fostered and improved ;
whereupon it was enacted that they should be incorporated under the
style of " The Maisters or Governours of the Mystery and
COMMINALTE OF BARBOURS AND SURGEONS OF LONDON." The
property of the old Company of Barbers was handed over to the
new Corporation (the Guild of Surgeons are not said to have had any
property to bring into the new concern). The usual grant of a common
seal, of power to plead and to be impleaded, to hold lands, etc., will be
seen at large in the Act. The Surgeons of the Company were to be
exempt from bearing armour or being put into watches and inquests.
So oAiiuals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The dead bodies of four malefactors were assigned to the Company
yearly for dissections. And, inasmuch as various persons exercising
the faculty of Surgery used to take into their houses for cure, people
afflicted with the pestilence and other contagious diseases and " do use
or exercise barbari, as washynge or shavyng and other feates there-
unto belonging,"1 the same was declared "veraie perillous," and it was
enacted that no one using the faculty of Surgery should practise
Barbery, and that no Barber should practise any point in Surgery,
the drawing of teeth only excepted. The Surgeons were to exhibit a
sign in front of their houses, and no Barber was to exercise his calling
unless free of the Company. Four Masters were to rule the Company,
whereof two were to be Barbers and two Surgeons. A penalty was
named for offenders against the articles, all were to pay scot and lot,
and private persons might keep their own Barber or Surgeon, without
interference by the Company.
The Act was passed on the 24th July, 1540, and will be found
in Appendix C. being taken from the original Black-letter copy in
the Author's possession.
We now refer to the Company's chief treasure, the Holbein
picture, and are at once met with a difficulty ; does it represent the
granting of a Charter to the Company? if so, the year was 15 12 ;
or does it illustrate the union of the Barbers and Surgeons by Act of
Parliament ? if so, the year was 1540.
The picture exhibits a Charter with the Great Seal pendant,
and has always been popularly known and described as the "granting
of the Charter to the Barber-Surgeons." On the other hand,
however, the King was but 21 years of age in 15 12 and 49 years
in 1540, which latter age accords with the picture; moreover, Vicary,
1 Here we have the common practice of the joint craftsman, the " Barber-Surgeon.'" clearly indicated.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Si
Ayleff, Harman, and the others represented, were members of the
Court in the latter year, but not in 15 12. These considerations are
sufficient to demolish the "Charter" theory, and point to the
hypothesis that it is the Union of the Barbers' Company with the
Guild of Surgeons, accomplished by Act of Parliament in 1540, which
is commemorated, but then we must admit a licence on the part of
Holbein (which deceived no one at the time), when he indulged his
artist's fancy by putting into the King's hand a Charter with seal
pendant, instead of an Act of Parliament, which latter would not
indeed have been the King's function to hand to the Company, and
would probably, if represented, have been depicted as a mere roll,
and not therefore so artistic or effective as a Charter with a Seal
in the King's hand.
The Act received the Royal Assent 25th July, 1540; this
would be towards the close of the year of John Pen's mastership.
Vicary, who is receiving the Instrument, was Master from September,
1 54 1, to September, 1542 ; there is every probability that the painting
was executed during his year of office, and that is why Holbein paid
him the compliment of putting him in the chief position in the
painting, which after all was intended, not as a strictly historical, but
rather as a commemorative picture.
The picture is 10 feet 2 inches long by 5 feet 11 inches high,
painted on oak panel and contains nineteen figures ; it represents a
room in the palace (said to have been Bridewell), which is hung with
beautiful tapestry and appears to have been gilded ; the King is seated
on a throne, his age apparently about fifty, the complexion florid, the
hair sandy, the eyes small but animated and restless ; the expression
on the countenance is impatience, and he seems thrusting the document
hastily into the hand of Thomas Vicary, who receives it kneeling, on
M
82 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
his left ; the face altogether might be pronounced handsome, were it
not for the low forehead and contracted eyebrows ; he has on his left
thumb a signet ring, and other rings on the first and fourth fingers of
his right hand with which he holds a sword of state resting on his
knee ; on his head is a jewelled crown ; on his left leg the garter, and
round his neck the collar of the Order ; the mantle is short and of
crimson velvet ; all these ornaments are most beautifully executed and
are as fine as miniature painting ; every hair of his head is distinct, and
the texture of his robe is finely given ; his impatience seems to have
warmed him, and the rising colour flushing over his face is most
admirably painted. On the King's right are three grave and closely
shaved personages on their knees. The first is Dr. John Chambre, one
of the Royal Physicians, he is represented in a skull cap and furred
gown, the sleeves very large and in which his hands are enwrapped ;
from the expression of his countenance it would seem that he was
anything but pleased with the provisions of the Act, as the face has a
sullen and discontented look; next to him is the celebrated Dr. William
Butts, also one of Henry's Physicians, and behind him is Thomas
Alsop, the Royal Apothecary, his hair is long and lank, and features
coarse and hard.
On the King's left are fifteen members of the Court on their
knees, and in livery gowns, evidently specially sumptuous for the
occasion, being of brocaded or damask silk, trimmed with fur, and
each man wears a livery hood of red and black upon his shoulder. The
first of these is Thomas Vicary, Serjeant- Surgeon, who wears a gold
chain ; next comes Sir John Ayleff, Surgeon to the King, also with a
gold chain and a ring on his finger, the next is Nicholas Simpson,
King's Barber, who, like Vicary and Ayleff, wears a skull cap, all the
others have their heads bare. Then comes Edmund Harman, King's
Barber, and one of the Witnesses to Henry's Will, he wears a gold
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. Sj
chain; next him is James Monforde, King's Surgeon, then John Pen,
the King's Barber, and Nicholas Alcocke; the expression on the
countenances of all these men is grave and solemn ; the next, Richard
Ferris, who has a somewhat merrier face, and was also King's Surgeon,
completes the front row. The moustaches and beards of the whole,
including the King, would appear as if they had had great care and
attention bestowed upon them. Of the remaining seven figures in the
back row, the names of but two have been preserved, viz., Christopher
Salmond and William Tilley.
This picture of Holbein's is not surpassed, if indeed it is
equalled, by any other of that master, every part is most elaborately
and delicately finished ; the position of none of the figures is
constrained, and there is no attempt at theatrical effect, yet
every person represented is in action, the colouring is chaste,
and kept down, nor is there any of that hardness and stiffness
often observed in Holbein's pictures. Its reputation has been
truly said to be world-wide, whilst it has been eulogistically
described by some one to be " as glowing as a Titian, and
minutely faithful as a Gerard Dow." *
The names of the persons represented have been somewhat
rudely affixed to their effigies, probably a few years after the
picture was painted, and whilst we cannot but deplore the dis-
figurement, it is more than compensated for, as the means of
identification of so many of our illustrious predecessors. The
tablet, with inscription, has been said to be of later date than
Holbein's work, and to have been painted over a window, through
which was once seen the old church of St. Bride ; this, however,
1 fart of the above description has been adapted from an anonymous paragraph, which I found interleaved
in Allen's History of London, at the Guildhall Library.
M 2
84 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
is most improbable, as it is personally dedicatory to Henry. The
inscription is as follows : —
ENRICO OCTAVO OPT MAX: UEGI AXGLI.E FRANCI.E
ET HIBERXT.E FIDEI DF.FENSORI AC AXGLICAN.E HIBERNIC.EQ
ECCLESLE PROXIME A CHRISTO SVPREMO CAPITI SOCIETAS
CHIRVRGORVM COMMVNIBVS VOTIS H.^C CONSECRAT.
RESTIOR ANGLORVM PESTIS VIOLAVERAT OKBEM
INFESTANS ANIMOS CORPORIBVSQVE SEDENS
HANC DEVS INSIGNEM CLADEM MISERATVS AB ALTO
TE MEDICI MYXYS JVSSIT OBIRE BOXI
LVMEX EVAXGELII FVLVIS CIRCVMVOLAT ALIS
PHARMACON AD FECTIS MEXTIBVS ILLVD ERIT
CONSILIOQ TVO CELEBRANT MONVMENTA GALEN]
ET CELERI MORBVS PELLITVR OMNIS OPE
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TRANSLATION.
To Henry the Eighth, the best and greatest King of England, France, and
Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and next to Christ, supreme head of the Church of
England and Ireland, the Company of Surgeons dedicate these, with their united prayers.
A grievous plague had ravaged the region of England,
Afflicting man's spirits and penetrating his frame ;
God, pitying from on high this remarkable scourge
Commanded thee to perform the office of a good physician.
The light of the gospel flies around on glowing wings,
This will be the balm to enfeebled minds :
Whilst the disciples of Galen meet to raise a monument to thee,
And all disease is swiftly dispelled by thy power.
We, therefore, a suppliant band of thy Physicians,
Solemnly dedicate this house to thee,
And mindful of the favour with which thou, O Henry, hast blessed us,
Invoke the greatest blessings on thy rule.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 85
The following fragmentary notices of the persons represented in
the picture, will be found of some interest.
The first figure to the left is Thomas Alsop ; he was the King's
Apothecary, and Henry VIII, by his will, left him ioo marks.
Next to him is Dr. William Butts, one of the King's physicians,
ever famous for his memorable interference with the King on behalf of
Archbishop Cranmer in 1544, when the Roman Catholic party in the
Council endeavoured to procure Cranmer's committal to the Tower.
A full account of this incident will be found in Strype's Memorials of
Cranmer (Oxford Ed., 18 12, pp. 1 77-181), and Shakespeare in his play
of Henry VIII (act v., sc. 2) has also graphically described it.
Cranmer's Secretary, aware of Butts' great influence with the King,
sent for the Doctor, and acquainted him with the slight which had been
put upon the Archbishop by keeping him standing in the ante-room of
the Council Chamber among lacqueys and servingmen, upon which
Butts immediately repaired to the King, and said : —
'• I'll show your Grace the strangest sight,
" The high promotion of his Grace of Canterbury :
" Who holds his State at door, 'mongst pursuivants,
" Pages and foot boys."
whereupon Henry replies, —
" Ha ! 'tis he indeed !
" Is this the honour they do one another?
" Tis well there's one above them. Yet, I had thought
" They had parted so much honesty among 'em
" (At least good manners) as not thus to suffer
" A man of his place and so near our favour,
" To dance attendance on their lordships' pleasures,
" And at the door too, like a post with packets,
' By Holy Mary ! Butts, there's knavery.
" Let them alone, and drawn the curtain close :
'• We shall hear more anon."
86 c/Jniials of the Barber-Surgeons.
Henry spoke his mind so freely to the Council, that they one and all
shook hands with the Archbishop, and, as Strype says, " Never more
durst any man spurn him during King Henry's life."
Dr. Butts must have had the best practice of any man of his
time ; there are several references to him among the State papers at
the Record Office, of which the following are a few examples, and
indicate that his patients were the aristocracy of the day.
25th May, 1524. Among the funeral expenses of Sir Thomas Lovell, K.G.,
is this item: — "To John Hewson, riding to Cambridge, to fetch Dr. Buttes when my
master was sick, 4s. 8*/."
2Sth April, 1525. The Duke of Norfolk, writing to Cardinal Wolsey, says that
last night at 7 o'clock the Lord Marney was "drawyng the draghts of deth, and Mr. Butts
determyned he shuld not lyve after 5 owrys " (hours).
14th October, 1525. A warrant was signed by Wolsey, directed to Sir Andrew
Windsor, for delivery to Dr. Butts, who had been appointed physician to my lady Princess,
of a livery in blue and green, in damask for himself, and in cloth for his two servants.
17th May, 1528. In a letter from the Duke of Norfolk to Wolsey, the Duke
says that Mr. Butts had come to him from the King, without whose aid he thought that
he should not have recovered from his sickness.
23rd June, 1528. In a letter from Brian Tuke (to Cardinal Wolsey) he speaks
of an infection which had been much about of late, and how the King told him that
Mistress Ann Boleyn and my lord Rochford both have had it ; what jeopardy they have
been in, by the turning in of the sweat before the time ; of the endeavour of Mr. Buttes
who hath been with them in his return ; and finally of their perfect recovery.
1 9th January, 1 530. A letter from De Augustinis, written from the palace at Esher,
to Cromwell, desires that Dr. Butts or Dr. Walter Cromer may be sent to the Cardinal
and requesting that Balthazar the physician, may be spoken to, to obtain some leeches ;
no time was to be lost and the doctors were to bring with them some vomitive electuary.
Dr. Butts was a personal friend of Henry's, who, in 1537,
granted him the manor and advowson of Thornage, in Norfolk. He
c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons. Sy
died 17th November, 1545, and lies buried in Fulham Church, where
there is (or was) a monument to his memory.
Next to Butts, and immediately to the King's right, is Dr. John
Chambre ; he was physician to and a great favorite of Henry's, holding
several clerical preferments as well. He was a Fellow and Warden of
Merton College, Oxon, where he was admitted Doctor of Physic,
29th October, 1 53 1. In the list of persons to whom Wolsey, in 1526,
assigned lodgings at the King's house, when they should repair
thither, occurs the name of Dr. Chambre. There is also a catalogue
of the King's new year's gifts, in 1528, by which it appears that
the Doctor had a piece of plate weighing 24^3 ozs., at the
same time the Cardinal's gift was 40% ozs., and that of the
Archbishop 31 ozs.
In Brian Tuke's letter (23rd June, 1528), before referred to, he
tells Wolsey that when he called on the King with his letters, he found
him in " secret communication with his physician, Mr. Chambre, in a
tower, where he sometimes sups apart."
Dr. Chambre was Dean of St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster,
Canon of Windsor, Archdeacon of Bedford, Prebendary of Comb and
Harnham in Salisbury Cathedral, Treasurer of Wells Cathedral, and
beneficed in Somersetshire and Yorkshire. Truly the lines had fallen
unto him in pleasant places !
He was one of the physicians in attendance on Queen Jane, at
the birth of Edward VI, and in a letter written by him to the Privy
Council, concerning the Queen's critical state, he signs himself
" priest." He was also in attendance on Anne Boleyn, in her
confinement with Elizabeth. His name is mentioned with that
of Linacre and three others, in the Charter to the College of
Physicians, in 15 18.
88 c/Jmmls of the Barber-Surgeons.
Sir William Compton, K.G., in 1522, nominated Dr. Chambre
one of his executors, in conjunction with the Bishop of Exeter, and
Sir Henry Marney, Lord Privy Seal.
Dr. Chambre built a " very curious cloyster," in St. Stephen's
Chapel, which cost him 11,000 marks, and he gave the canons of that
chapel some lands. He died in 1549.
On the King's left is, first, Thomas Vicary (sometimes Vicars
and Vyccary), Master of the Barbers in 1530, and of the Barber-
Surgeons in 1 54 1, 1546, 1548 and 1557. He was a man of great
eminence in his profession, having been Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's
Hospital, and Serjeant-Surgeon to Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and
Elizabeth. He was the author of "The Profitable Treatise of
Anatomy" in "The Englishman's Treasure, with the true Anatomie
of Man's Body." An account of Vicary will be found in D'Arcy
Power, pp. 102, etc., and several particulars relating to his connection
with St. Bartholomew's Hospital, are recorded in a paper by Dr.
Norman Moore (Hospital Reports, vol. xviii, pp. 333-358) ; see also
Dr. Furnivall's exhaustive account (Early English Text Society).
Next comes Sir John Ayleff (Aylif, Aylyff, etc.). He was
Master of the Barbers in 1538, and Surgeon to the King, with whom
he was doubtless on terms of friendship, as Henry bequeathed him
100 marks. Ayleff treated Henry for fistula and cured him, at
Brinkworth in Wilts, for which the King bestowed upon him a great
estate there in gratification. He subsequently became a Merchant of
Blackwell Hall, Sheriff of London in 1548, and Alderman of Bridge
Without in 1550.
17th July, 1550. In the Repertories of the Court of Aldermen
is a Record that the Court of the Barber-Surgeons gave their assent
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
89
to the Translation of Sir John from theirs to the Grocers' Company,
of which Company he was crowned Upper Warden 9th June, 1556.
Sir John Ayleff was buried 20th October, 1556, in the Church
of St. Michael Bassishaw, where there was formerly a marble tomb
with this inscription thereon —
In Chirurgery brought up in youth,
A Knight here lyeth dead ;
A Knight and eke a Surgeon such
As England seld hath bred.
For which so soveraigne Gift of God
Wherein he did excell,
King Henry VIII call'd him to Court,
Who lov'd him dearly well.
God gave the Gift, the King gave Goods,
The Gift of God t'enhance ;
Where God and such a Prince do joyne,
Such Man hath happy Chance.
King Edward for his service sake,
Bade him rise up a Knight,
A name of Praise and ever since
He, Sir John Ailiffe hight,
Right Worshipful, in name and charge
In London lived he than,
In Blackwell Hall the merchant chiefe
First Sheriffe, then Alderman.
The Hospitals bewaile his death
The Orphan children mone,
The chiefe Erector being dead
And Benefactor gone.
Dame Isabel who lived with him,
His faithful Wife and Mate,
With him (as dearest after death)
Doth not her Knight forsake
The Knight the 24' of October.
Yeelded up his breath,
And she soon after followed
To live with him in death.
19 April, 1558. My lady Aylyff gave a fyne table cloth of damaske worcke
to srve for the uppermost table in the hawle the wch of her jentyllness she gave frely
unto this hawle.
John Ayleff (son of the Knight) was admitted to the freedom of
the Barber-Surgeons, 3rd June, 1552.
Next to Sir John Ayleff, is Nicholas Simpson, concerning
whom nothing is known to me, but that he was " King's Barber," and
Master of the Barbers in 1537.
Probably a mistake for 14th.
N
qo ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Edmund Harman, " King's Barber," follows next ; he was
admitted to the freedom in 1530, and served Master in 1540. Henry
VIII bequeathed him 200 marks, and he was one of the attesting
witnesses to the King's will. There are several references to him
among the State Papers and Household Ordinances. His dignified
bearing and expression in the picture are very striking.
James Monforde (or Mumford), " King's Surgeon," is next ; he
was Upper Warden in 1540 and again in 1543, but never served as
Master. He gave the Company their silver hammer, still used by the
Masters in presiding at Courts.
Then comes John Pen (Penn or Penne), " King's Barber," and
Groom of the Privy Chamber ; he was admitted to the freedom in
1527 and was Master 1539. He married Lucy, daughter and heiress
of Edmond Chevall, of Coddicote, Herts, by whom he had a good
estate and seven children (vide Harl. Soc. Pub. xxii., 82 & 116).
In Liber Niger Domus Regis (Harl. MS. 642) among the
orders made for the regulation of the Household of Henry VIII
was one, that none but fifteen persons whose names are specified
should be allowed to enter the Privy Chamber, and one of these
is John Penne.
The following quaint regulation, concerning the King's Barber,
is to be found in the same MS. —
Item. It is alsoe ordcyncd that the Kingf Barbor shalbe daylie by the Kingf
upriseinge readdye and attendant in the Kingf Privye Chamber there haveinge in
reddynesse his Water Basons Knyvesf Combes scissourf and such other stuffe as to his
Roome doth appertaine for trymminge and dressinge of the Kingf heade and bearde.
And that the sayd Barbour take a speciall regarde to the pure and cleane keepinge of
his owne p'son and apparrell useinge himselfe allwayes honestlye in his conversationne
withoute resortinge to the Companye of vile personnes or of misguided woemen in
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 9/
avoydeinge such daunger as by that meanes hee might doe unto the Kingf most Royall
person not fayling thus to doe uppon payne of looseinge his Roome and farther
punnishement at the Kingf pleasure.
In this MS. is also to be found an earlier order, of the time
of Edward IV touching the King's Barber, which is curious, as
indicating that Saturday night was then (as still it is with many)
" tub night " with the King ; and we may also infer from the
expression " if it please the King to cleanse his head, legs or feet,"
that it was not a fixed rule for him to do so every Saturday night.
A Barbour for the Kingis most highe and drad p'son to be taken in this Court,
after that he standeth in degree gentleman yoman or groome. It hath bin much
accustomed to one or two well knowne officers of the Ewrie in housold Daily of
such as bene for the monthe Sergeant or othir. Also we finde how this hath bene used
amonge by a weele betrusted yoman of chain bre ffor lacke of cunning of these other
men. It is accustomed that a knight of the Chambre or elles squire of the bodie or
both be p'sent every time when the Kinge wolle shave. This Barbour shall have
every satterday night if it please the Kinge to cleanse his head leggf or feete and for
his shaveing two lovis ' one pitcher wine. And the usher of chambre ought to testifie
if this be necessary dispensed or not.
It is said that the portrait of Pen was greatly admired by Sir
Robert Peel, who frequently came to the Hall to look at it, and who is
reported to have offered the Company ,£2,000 for the head, if it might
be cut from the picture, he undertaking to make good the damage !
He is also alleged to have said at one of his visits, that he should like
to sleep on the table at the Hall, so that the first thing he would see
on waking in the morning might be Pen's head. Had Sir Robert
known the legend2 of the table he would perhaps have suggested a
different bed. Henry VIII left, by his Will, 100 marks to Pen.
Concerning the next man, Nicholas Alcocke, nothing is known
beyond that he was Surgeon to Edward VI, and was admitted to the
1 Loaves. - Said to have been part of the dissecting table !
N 2
c)2 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
freedom in 1523. He was doubtless a member of die Court, though
he never served as Warden.
The last on the front row is Richard Ferris (or Ferrers), Master
in 1563 and Serjeant-Surgeon to Elizabeth. Like others of his
brethren, he also benefited under Henry's will, to the extent of 100
marks, and was one of the King's Surgeons.
In the back row are seven figures, but of these the names of
only two survive, viz., William Tylley, Upper Warden 1546, and
Christopher Samon (Salmon, Sammond), admitted to the freedom in
1528, and Master in 1553. By Domestic Papers, Henry VIII, vol. 5,
p. 690, it appears that one Christopher Samon was living in Lombard
Street in 1532 : this might be the same man.
29 August, 1668. Dear old Samuel Pepys visited us this day,
and thus records his intentions and opinion concerning the picture —
And at noon comes by appointment Harris to dine with me : and after dinner
he and I to Chyrurgeons Hall, where they are building it new, very fine ; and
there to see their theatre, which stood all the fire, and which was our business,
their great picture of Holben's, thinking to have bought it by the help of Mr.
Pierce,' for a little money : I did think to give ^200 for it, it being said to be
worth ^1,000 ; but it is so spoiled that I have no mind to it, and is not a pleasant,
though a good picture.
James I seems to have entertained a high opinion of this picture,
and borrowed it of us to be copied : his letter applying for it is preserved
at the Hall, and is as follows.
James R.
Trustie and welbeloved Wee greete you well. Where we are informed of a
Table of painting in yor Hall wherein is the Picture of or Predecesso' of famous memorie
K. Henry the 8th, together with diverse of yor Companie, wch being both like him, and
1 James Pierce (or Pearse) Surgeon to Charles II and to the Duke of York. Master in 1675
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 93
well done, Wee are desirous to have copyed. Wherfore or pleasure is that you presently
deliver it unto this bearer Our Welbeloved Servant Sr Lionell Cranfield Knight, One of
Our Maisters of Requests, whome Wee have commaunded to receave it of you and to see
it wth all expedition copied and redelivered safely ; and so Wee bid you farewell. Given
at Our Court at Newmarket the 13th day of Januarie 1617.'
The Court of course agreed to lend the picture, though
doubtless with some misgivings ; contrary however to the practice
of the time when money was "lent" to the King, it found its way
back to the Hall.
In 1627, Charles I, a more suspicious borrower than his
father, had it to Whitehall, but here again we fortunately had it
returned.
The Royal College of Surgeons possess some Cartoons, from
which, it has been said, this picture was painted ; this is, however, very
doubtful. Some particulars as to these Cartoons may be seen in
Mr. D'Arcy Power's book, p. 96.
In 1734 the Company agreed with Mr. Bernard Baron for him
to engrave the picture for 150 guineas, and several details relating
thereto are recorded in the Minutes. It was published in 1736, and
is a faithful reproduction, much sought after by collectors. Baron has
however copied the picture, exactly as he saw it on to the copper-
plate, so that when the impressions were struck off, everything was
reversed. His original study, a red crayon, beautifully executed,
is preserved in the Court Room, and the copperplate is still used,
each Assistant on his election being presented with a copy of
the engraving. The Company also possess a rather rough proof
before letters.
'i.e., 161 f.
94 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The print is dedicated to the Earl of Burlington, with a Latin
inscription, of which the following is a translation.
" To the Most Noble Lord Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington
and Cork, &c, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of the Garter.
For the restoration, with the greatest liberality, at his own costs, of
the Anatomical Theatre built a hundred years before, with the
greatest skill, by the very celebrated Architect Inigo Jones, and
decayed by lapse of time. This painting of Holbein representing
the granting of a Charter given with his own hand by Henry VIII,
King of England, &c, to the Society of Surgeons in London and
preserved in their Hall, is by the Society of Surgeons of London
humbly dedicated."
This inscription, written at a time when the relations between
the Barbers and the Surgeons of the Company were becoming strained,
was evidently drawn by a Surgeon, who coolly ignored the Barbers
throughout.
A very good pen and ink drawing of the picture was made by
Austin Travers Young (aged 16) in 1883, and presented by him to the
Company, for which he received the thanks of the Court.
1537. In "Chapter House Book" B. r. (at the Record Office)
is a list of the freemen of the several Companies of London at this
date, which gives the names of 2,468 freemen in 39 Companies (an
average of about 63 to each). The Barbers outstripped in numbers all
the others, having a roll of 185 members; next to them came the
Skinners with 151, then the Haberdashers with 120, so on down
to the Bowyers, who mustered but 19. The premier Company,
the Mercers, numbered but 55, whilst the ancient Weavers had
only 30 members.
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
95
The following
being members of the
Nicholas Symson.
Willm Kyrckby.
Thomas Vycars.1
John Bankf .
John Potter.
Thomas Twyn.
John Johnson.
John Holland.
Willm Rewe.
John Aylyff.
Edmond Harman.
John Pen.
Richard Tayler.
Harry Carrier.2
Rauf Garland.
John Enderbye.
Peter Devismand.3
Robert Postell.
John Bird.
James Tomson.
Willm. Kydd.
John Yong.
Thomas Sutton.
Charles Wyght.
John Newman.
Thomas Grome.
Willm Higgf.
John Dene.
Thomas Surbutt.
Willm Billing.
Willm. Lyghthed.
is the list of our
Court, and Nichol
John Raven.
Robert Hutton.
Henry Pemberton.
Willm Shirborne.
George Genne.
Thomas Johnson.
Robert Spegnall/
Richard Boll.5
Nacholas Alcoke.
Willm. Tylley.
John Northcote.
Willm. Wetyngton.
Henry Yong.
Cristofer Samond.
Robert Waterford.
Henry Atkyn.
Christofer Boiling.
Robert Stocdale.
Mathiewe Johnson.
Davy Sambroke.
John Atkynson.
Thomas Waryn.
Robert Grove.
Robert Brownhill.
Willm Spencer.
Thomas Butfilane.6
Robert fforster.
Edmond Tyrell.
John Philpott.
John Thowlmod.7
Edward Ingalby.8
Richard Elyott.
freemen, the first twenty-six
as Symson, Master that year.
Thomas Wilson.
John Smythe.
Willm Hiller.
Richard Tholmod.9
John Awcetter.
Richard Sermond.
Hugh Lyncocke.
John Bordman.
Rauf Stek.
Henry Hogekynson.
John Tomson.
Hugh Dier.
Edward fireman.
Thomas Mone.
Willm Yenson.
John Banester.
Willm Trewise.
Christofer Hungate.
John Hutton.
John Browne.
John Grene.
John Tymber.
John Shrene.
Thomas Staynton.
Thomas Pays.
Thomas Mede.
John Anger.
Thomas Worseley.
John Gilberd.
Cristofer Haynes.
Willm. Smythe.
Vycary. - Cazier ? :l Daiseman. ' Sprignall. b Bowie.
6 Butphillian. ; Tholmwood. s Ingolsby. " Tholmwood.
96
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
John Mosseley.
Willm. Hill.
George Wenyard.
John Barker.
Willm. Barker.
James Wod.
John Stere.
Willm Hetherley.
Olyver Wilson.
Willm. Grene.
Henry Rawshold.
Bartilmewe Dobynson.
Henry Patterson.
Philip Pegott.
Robert Uownys.
Antony Barowes.
James Hogeson.
Robert Wevir.
John Surbut.
Willm Sewell.
John Denys.
John Page.
Robert Dodwell.
John Cutberd.
John Gray.
Willm. Dauntese.
Thomas Appilton.
John Cragell.
Thomas Arundell.
Willm. Johnson.
Henr'. Adam.
Willm. Downham.
Rogier Skynner.
John Gerard.
Richard Rogiers.
Thomas Dicson.
Thomas Gylman.
Thomas Dester.
Edward Hewett.
John Dormot.
George Batman.
Thomas Vivian.
George Brightwelton.
John Waren.
John Greenway.
John Bell.
Laurens Mollyners.
John Cobbold.
Willm. Draper.
Richard Smythe.
Robert Ledf .
John Gamlyn.
Thomas Cutbert.
Robert Chamber.
Lewis Bromefeld.
Richard Worseley.
John Oskyn.
John Robynson.
Richard Coley.
John West.
Willm. Welfed.
John Smerthwaite.
John Lybbe.
George More.
Thomas Burnett.
John Hamlyn.
Richard Child.
Thomas Baily.
George Vaughan.
Thomas Wetyngh'm.
John Bonair.
Richard Cokerell.
Willm. Walton.
Geferey ffraunceis.
Thomas ffayles.
John Edlyn.
John Samond.
Henry Bodeley.
Thomas Stanbrige.
Willm. Borrell.
Richard Nicols.
Edward Hughbank.
John Charterane.
Henry Wotton.
Robert Hastyng^.
Alex Mason.
Thomas Darker.
Thomas ffyshe.
Edward Rollesley.
John Braswell.
Willm. Symsyn.
The forty-two names following the Court and ending at John
Awcetter were Liverymen, the remaining hundred and seventeen being
Yeomanry.
1543. A few years previously the King had set the example of
wearing his hair and beard short, and now the City seems to have
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 97
discountenanced long beards, as I find the following in Letter Book
Q. 87. (10th July, 35 Henry viij.)
An acte agavnst (
bearded men. )
Item for dyv°se & sundrye consyderacons & causes movyng this Corte it is
this daye orderyd & decreid & establyshed by the same that from henseforward
there shall no Cytezen or other inhitunte" of this Cytie usyng or havyng a greate
berde of more notable p'lyxitie2 or lenght then other the seid Cytezens of this
Cytie do nowe use or have hertofore of late yeres usyd to were, either be iiihited
p°mytted or suffred to Receyve or take eny orphanage into his handes and custodye
albeit that he wolde fynde nev° soe good suertyes for the same nor yet be admytted
from henseforward to this Co'te for eny Recognita"5 or suertye for eny suche orphange
And yt is also assentyd & agreid that no p^son havynge eny such berde shalbe
admytted by redemption into the lybties & fredome of this Cytie as longe as he
shall were eny such berde.
1544 and 1545. In Repertory XI (at Guildhall) IT. -jf-
176, i87a' 22QB" 232 and 234 are various records relating to
the vexed question of the Barber-Surgeons going on inquests,
bearing armour and serving as constables, from all which
offices they claimed exemption under their Charters and Act of
Parliament.
By the earlier entry, it seems that the Wardens were warned
to appear before the Court of Aldermen to shew cause why they
refused to pass upon inquests, etc. ; then came a petition from the
Company praying to be discharged of all offices save the Inquest of
Wardmote once a year ; this does not appear to have satisfied the
Authorities, and the Company were directed to draw up further Articles
to be submitted to the Court of Aldermen. Great pressure was no
doubt put upon the Barber-Surgeons, the result being that they
1 Inhabitant. - Prolixity.
cjS zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
abandoned most of the privileges of exemption which they had
claimed, and submitted a Bill of Articles, which was finally approved,
and entered of record on fo. 234. A copy of this lengthy document
is at the Hall, and from it it appears that on the 22nd October,
1545, the Company appeared before the Court of Aldermen as
" humble Besechers" to be shorn of their privileges, the ground
of their petition being "That forasmoche as some grudge and
displeasure is lately sith the unyon and conjunction of their
said ffelowshippes in to one entyre Company growen conteyned
and taken against them and their said ffelowship, by dyverse
of theire neighbours being citezeins of this citie, as they be, by
reason that they your said suppliauntf" are discharged by their
Charters and Act of Parliament from bearing offices, etc., "that
other the Cittzeins of this citie are ellygible and lyable unto,
ffor the whiche grudge and displeasure your besechers are not
a little sorye. ffor the playne declaracSn thereof and for the
eschewyng advoyding and utter extinguysshement of the said grudge
and displeasure from hensforwarde," they are content that it shall
be ordained that they shall go upon all Wardmote Inquests, but not
upon any inquests between party and party {i.e., sit as jurymen in
civil actions) ; that all freemen of the Company not_ practising
Surgery shall be contributory to all assessments, serve as Constables
and keep watches in their turn as other citizens, but that all
Surgeons shall be free from bearing armour, etc.
Notwithstanding this compromise, entered in the City books,
it seems in course of time to have been overlooked, and, as has
been previously remarked, the exemption of all freemen of the
Company from juries, etc., has been claimed and allowed down to
quite recent days.
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FAC-SIMILl r\ i ui-i MINUTI BOOK, 1557. {Set fi. pp.)
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 99
1550. The first of our Court Minute Books which has been
preserved, commences in the 4th Edward VI, and bears this title,
<Sr5ers cm5 JUwctr&es made ordered and awarded within the tyme of Maister George
Geen Thomas Johnson Thomas Stocdall and Mathew Johnson Maister and Wardeins of
the Company and fellowship of Harbors Surgeons of London for one hole yere begynnyng
the xxyj"' day of Auguste in the fowerthe yere of the reigne of our Sovereigne Lorde
Kynge Edward the Syxte with thassent and consent of the Assistaunces of the same
Companye as hereafter ensuethe.
From this and the succeeding Minute Books, the following
extracts are principally taken as illustrative of the Company's History
from this period :
1556. At the end of the first book is a very long memorandum
written and signed by Thomas Knot, Master, to the effect that on the
26th March, 1556, he made humble suit to the Lord Mayor, Sir
Will"1- Garrett and the Aldermen, in the name of the Company, for
the exemption of the Company from finding or setting forth any
soldiers or men of war at any time thereafter, when it might be that
the Citizens of London should be required to do so, either by sea or
land, " fforasmoche as the same Company are alwayes at every such
tyme and tymes very sore burdened and chardged otherwise hereafter
expressed, that is to saye, They are comaunded and bounden to
prepare and fynde so manye Surgeons and so many other men
attendinge upon them at every tyme and tymes that it shall fortune
the King" to send out soldiers by sea or land, and "the same Company
doe alwayes prepare fynde and send furthe for every one houndreth
of suche Souldyers one Surgeon and a man attending upon him."
Upon which representations the Lord Mayor and Aldermen were
pleased to grant to the Company, that on future occasions when the
o 2
ioo aAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
like requisitions might " fortune to be layed or appointed to or
upon theym, that then they in every suche case upon their gentle
suyte and request made unto the Lorde Mayor and courte of
Aldermen for the tyme beinge for and concernynge their sayd
dischardge for and in consyderacon of the causes above remem-
bered, shalbe as gentelye and charytably holpen eased and
releaved in that behalf as the wayte and ymportaunce of the
burden that the Cytie at every suche tyme shalbe chardged wth
all will reasonablye permytt and suffer."
The memorandum then proceeds to state that the Lord
Mayor and Aldermen advised the Master to cause a remem-
brance of the above (being only a promise by word of mouth)
to be entered and recorded in the Book of Ordinances of the
Company, which was done.
1555. In Henry Machyn's Diary for this year, is the follow-
ing reference to a Romish procession, winding up with a dinner
at Barbers' Hall.
The xxvij day of May was the Clarkes prossessyon from Yerdhall1 college,
and ther was a goodly masse to be hard, and evere clarke havyng a cope and
garland, with C.= stremers borne, and the whettes3 a playng round Chepe, and
so to Ledynhall unto Sant Albro4 chyrche, and ther thay putt off ther gayre,
and ther was the blessyd sacrament borne with torche-lyght abowt, and from
thens unto the Barbur-hall to dener.
1558. This year (8th June) the Company procured an
Inspeximus Charter from Philip and Mary, which is still in our
possession, and has a most beautifully executed title, the initial
letter representing the King and Queen seated on the throne,
1 Guildhall. - A hundred. 3 Waits. * St. Ethelburga.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
101
and the border containing various heraldic badges ; the seal
unfortunately is damaged.
IPPUS ET MARIA, Dei gracia Rex et
Regina Anglie hispaniarum ffrancie utriusque
Sicilie Jerusalem & hiBine fidei defensores
Archiduces Austrie Duces Burgundie Medio-
lani & brabantie Countes haspurgi fflandr'
& Tirol is.
(Smntbua ad quos presentes Ire
perviiint saltm.
Inspeximus quasdam Iras patentes
domini H. quondam Regis Anglie septum'
fcas in hec verba, Henricus dei gra, &c.
Teste me
ipo apud YVestmonastiiim duodecimo die
marcii Anno regni nri tclo. Yong. pro viginti solid solut in hanapio. Nos
autem Iras p^dcas ac omnia & singula in eisdem contenta rata heiites &
grata ac ea pro nob1 heredib} & Successor^ nrm prefate Regine quantum
in nol5 est acceptamus & approbamus ac ea dilcis norj Thome Vicary
nunc magistro mistere barbitonsoii Thome Whytyngame Jacobo Wood &
Johi Warren Gubernatoribus ejusdem mistere & Successorib3 suis ratifi-
camus & confirmam0 p'ut Ire p'dce in se ronabiliter testantur. In cujus rei testi-
momu has Iras nras fieri fecimus patentes. Testibus nobis ipis apud Westmonas-
terium octavo die Junii Annis regnorum quarto & quinto.
LUTLEY.
Taxat finis ad x'
Nico eboii Canc.°
It is noticeable in this Charter that the confirmation is to the
Governors of the " Barbers," and not " Barber-Surgeons," although the
latter was then the legal style of the Company, but probably this was
another clerical error.
' A clerical error, for Henry VIII.
" Assessed at a fine of £10. Nicholas (Archbishop of) York, Chancellor.
102 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1560. This year (6th January) the Company obtained an In-
speximus Charter from Elizabeth, still preserved at the Hall ; it has
a title in much the same style as the preceding charter, but the seal
is very much damaged.
I LIZABETH, Dei gracia Anglie FFrancie, et hibernie Regina fidei
defensor, &c. (Smnifius ad quos presentes littere pervenerint
salutem.
Inspeximus litteras patentes Dili P. et Dne M. Sororis nre
precharissime nuper Regis et Regine Anglie de confirmacoe factas
in hec verba Philippus et Maria dei gracia, &c Testibus
nobis ipis apud Westmonasteriu octavo die Junii Annis regno1.; nro^ quarto et quinto.
Nos autem Iras predcas ac omia et singula in eisdem contenta rata habentes et grata
ea pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nris quantum in nobis est acceptamus et
approbamus ac ea Dilcis nobis Georgio Gen nunc magistro mistere Barbitonso^ Williii
Grene Thome Bayly et Jolii Smarthawyte Gubernatoribus ejusdem mistere et Succes-
soribus suis ratificamus et confirmamus prout Ire predce in se racionabiliter testantur.
In cujus rei testimonium has Iras nras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipa apud
Westmonasteriu sexto die Januarii Anno regni nr secundo.
Cotton.
Taxat finis ad x'' vjs' viijd'
In Machyn's quaint Diary, we find the following entries : —
1 56 1. The xxiiij day of Feybruary whent to hang xviij men and ij women, and
serten ware browthe' to be bered in serten parryches in London ; the barbur surgens had
on3 of them to be a notheme3 at ther halle.
1562. The xx day of June was a gret shutyng4 of the Compene of the Barbur
Surgeantes for a gret soper at ther owne hall for a xxx mess of mett,5 for they dyd make ij
godley" stremars agaynst that day of their harmes,7 the whyche they wher agmented by the
most valeant kyng at armes master and they had vj drumes plahyng and
a fiutt ; and ij gret ansutts,8 and as a shot was wone, downe whent that and up the thodar,9
and as they whan the shut ; and master Gall™ and ys syd" wan the soper — the master of
the Compene.
1 Brought. - One. 3 Anatomy. ' Shooting, probably at Moorfields, with bows and arrows.
1 Meat. ' Goodly. T Arms. a Ancients (flags). ' The other. "' Thomas Galle. " His side.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
'j
The x day of August was Barbur surgyons fest, and they capt ther communion at
Sant Alphes1 at Crepull-gat, and master Recherdson dyd pryche,2 the skott ; ther was
good syngyng ; and after to ther halle to dener, and after dener a play.
1567. Elizabeth inaugurated the first State Lottery in England,
as a means of providing money, and a very peremptory mandate was
directed by the Lord Mayor to the various City Companies, com-
manding them to adventure therein.
1st February, 1568. The Barber-Surgeons put in 40s' for the
" use, profet and benefyt of the hall," but did not draw a prize, and
indeed none of the Companies reaped any advantage by the speculation,
the Lottery being simply a trap into which they were ordered to walk.
The proposal for this Lottery was as follows : —
A verie rich Lotterie Generall without any Blancks contayning a great No. of
good prices, as well of redy money, as of Plate & certaine sorts of marchaundizes
having been valued & prised by the commaundement of the Queenes most excellent
Majestic by men expert & skilfull and the same Lotterie is erected by hir majesties order,
to the entent that such Commoditie as may chaunce to arise thereof, after the charges
borne, may be converted towards the reparation of the Havens and strength of the
Realme, & towardes such other publique good workes. The No. of lots shall be foure
hundreth thousand, and no more : and every lot shall be the summe of tenne shillings
sterling onely, and no more.
Stow says that this Lottery was commenced to be drawn on
the nth January, 1569, at the West Door of St. Paul's, and continued
drawing day and night until the 6th May following.
It was a common practice of the Companies to put in their
money under mottoes, and some curious ones are recorded, many
being composed with a quaint sarcasm on the probability of prizes
being obtained.
1 St. Alphage. - Preach.
104 cA finals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Herbert (Hist, of the Twelve Livery Companies) gives some
interesting particulars of the State Lotteries, and quotes a motto used
by the Merchant Taylors which pretty clearly indicates their opinion
of the business ;
One byrde in the hande is worth two in the wood,
If we get the great lot, it will do us good.
Some of the prizes were ridiculously small, e.g., is. 2d., 2s. id., etc.,
and great dissatisfaction was expressed at the principal prizes remaining
unpaid to the winners.
1 573. The Company received a precept from the Lord Mayor
for a "loan" of money to make provision of wheat for the City,
and the same was by the Court ordered to be complied with. This
"corn custom" is very fully treated of by Herbert, and was virtually
a tax upon the companies, who were each rated and compelled to find
a certain proportion of corn to be stored by the City, and sold at such
times as when, there being a scarcity, the markets would otherwise
rise, were it not for the immense stock kept by the City. This custom
survived for many years under certain modifications ; as we shall see
hereafter, our Company built a granary in 1633, and stored their
own corn.
The precept above referred to was as follows —
Forasmuche as all comon polecye requyreth the prevention of extremities, and
consideringe as you knowe the urgent and present necessitie, and the lacke of provision
of wheate and other grayne for furniture of this so great and populous citie, of the want
whereof the queenes ma1" and her most honorable consell are not ignorant ; but havinge
special regard to the same, are not a lytic offended and displeased, with some grefe
that there bene no better p'Vision heretofore made, and that presentlie the cittie shoulde
be no better stored, by reson wherof the prices of come and grayne is now muche dearer
in this cittie than in any other parte of this realme, have not only at sundrye times and
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 105
gentle meanes, but also w"' some terror, as welle in the Starre-chamber as in other
places afore the counsell, given us admonicion that the same her maties cittie and
chamber may not be unfurnished for lacke of good pVision. And we, as our
duties is, havinge great care and especial consideracion of the same, and p^cevynge
by order of the harvest past, and the unkynd season of the yeare, sith that the
prices of corne is verry likely to encrease and be advanced to a greater and higher
price than yet is, have thought good and verrye necessarye for the avoyding of
greater inconvenyences, to make immediate p°vision of a great masse and quantity
of wheate and other grayne, as well w"'in the realme as beyond the seas for the
provision aforesaid, wc" cannot be done w'"out a great some of money presentlie
to be defrayed, wch is not to be levyed but by the good assestens of you and
others, good coustomers and cittezens of this cittie ; have therefore assessed your
Company of Barber Surgeons at the some of" which is agreed upon
by acte of co^en counsell, wch some of we do not only require you,
but also streaghtle charge and comande you, immediatelie upon the recept hereof,
calling your companye together in your comon hall, you do forthw"' tax, levy,
and gather of the welthiest and most able persones of the same the sum aforesaid,
in such wise that you fayle not to pay the same, and evrie p°cell thereof, to the
hands of George Helton, of the cittie of London, w"' all expedicion, and wthout
repayment thereof to you. Fayle not hereof, as you tender the mytigacon of
our sovereigne ladye the queens majesties displeasure already conceived, and do
tender the comon weale of this cittie, together wth your private condytte, and as
you will answer for the contrarye.
The next entry would seem to indicate some contemplated
State interference with the Company's property, and the answer
was probably not in exact accordance with the truth, for on the
28 May, 1576, a precept in the Queen's name, having been
received, calling upon the Master and Wardens to return to
the Guildhall an account of the revenue of their lands, and of
their goods, " the answere was that the true revenewe of the
landes was xx" markes whereof the most p te went forthe and is
disbursed in pencons, and that we had no goods."
1 The amount is left blank.
io6 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1578. A precept was received as follows,
To the Wardens ] Bv THE Maior.
OF THE COMPANIE ( , . , . .
OF B\rbor (Thyes shalbe to will and require you and in her maiesties name
Surgins. ) streitlie to charge and comaunde you that w,h all convenient spede
yo" appointe and p'Vide the number of twelve hable and sufficient p°sons being Iournemen
apprPtices or others wch are fremen of this Cittie and inhabitinge w"'in the same beinge of
agilitie and honest of behavio' betweene the age of xix yeres and xl" wcl' are fitt to be
trayned for harquebus shott, ev°y one of them havinge a murrion, a sworde and dagger,
and a caliver w"' sufficient furniture for the same, and one half pounde of powder, besides
touche powder whereof Three of the same p°sons to be house holders and free men of
yor saide Companie, and that you certyfie me the saide Maior the names and sir names of
all yor saide number where and wth whome they dwell, of what Companie they be free,
and what Captaynes or other skilfull men that be of yor saide Companie or whome you
knowe inhabitinge wthin this Cittie fitt to trayne or leade the same men of there names
and dwellinge places. And that they be all in a redines furnished as aforesaide to
muster in there hose and dublets onlie, or dublets hose and jerkins w"'in xiiijen daies
next ensuinge the date hereof. And for the levyenge of monie for the saide furniture
And for the charge of powder yo" shall collect suche reasonable somes of monie as yo"
shall finde mete for the saide p0porcon, by waie of reasonable assesment of ev'y
sev'all welthie and hable p°son of yor Companie. Wherein we require yo" in anie wyse
to spare the powrer sorte of ffremen although you somewhat more largelie burden the
ritche. Yoven at the Guildhall of this Cittie of London the xv"' daie of Marche 1577.'
Sebright.
In pursuance of this precept a levy was made upon ninety-
freemen, who contributed £\^ lys. \id. (in sums ranging from
i5 to 6s 8d) and upon ten " foreins " who paid in all £$. The Expenses
of the soldiers, and their arms, powder, etc., are all set out in detail
(see Appendix D).
1585. It was agreed "that or Companie by reason of the
often and earnest preceptes from the Lorde maior to move unto some
liberall puttinge in of monie into the Lottery for Armor, that or
' i.e., 1378.
c/i minis of the Barber-Surgeons. ioj
Companie should put in xu yf that might satisfie for all the Companie
viz* the Clothinge vj1' xiijs iiijd and the yeomanry v m'kes."
29th September, 1586. The Lord Mayor had issued sundry
precepts to the Company for the " buyeinge of certein goune powder
amountinge in waight to of one Mr. Henry Dale
Hab'dassher at the price of xd le ti. and yt was agreed the saide
powder should be bought and that Mr. Swaldell [Master, 1593]
should go to chuyse it, and he to have the same powder for viijd the
pounde."
10th March, 1589. It was ordered that the gunpowder
directed by another precept to be provided by the Company, should be
bought and that it should be kept "in the Armorie howse in convenient
place for feare of daunger of ffier."
29th March, 1596. It was ordered that ,£40 "ship money"
should be " lent " by the Company to the City, which is the earliest
mention of this obnoxious tax in our books.
8th August, 1596. " Yt was agreed that the some of £xxx"
shalbe lent unto the Cytty for the payenge of Souldiers wages and
other charges diffrayed about the Spanishe voyage." This was an
Expedition of certain ships (furnished by the City) under the Earl
of Essex and Sir Walter Raleigh " to annoye the King of Spaine."
The English then sacked and burned Cadiz, burnt the Spanish navy,
and on their return home, says Stow, "great triumph was made at
London for their good successe."
1 8th August, 1598. At this Court came a precept from the
Lord Mayor, commanding the Company in Her Majesty's name to
'lend" ,£100 to the Queen for six months, for suppressing rebels in
i' 2
wS oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Ireland. The demand was, as usual, of a most peremptory nature,
and the Court ordered ^ioo to be paid to the Treasurers appointed
by the City.
6th August, 1599. A precept came from the Lord Mayor in
the Queen's name, commanding the Master and Wardens to deliver to
the freemen the Company's armour in " suche order as it maye be, in
safetye readie for her Majesties service," whereupon the Master took
for his own use " one muskett fflaske and tuche boxe one headepeece
and one rest." Eleven other members of the Company had armour
delivered out to them, as " one caliver fflaske and tuche boxe, sworde
and dager girdle and hangers and headepeece."
1599. A precept was received on 11th November, com-
manding the Company to be in attendance on the Queen in her
progress from Chelsea to Westminster, which is not only curious for
the quaintness of its description of the persons who were to be
appointed, but affords a glimpse at the magnificence of Royal pro-
cessions three hundred years ago.
TO THE MAISTER ) By THE Ma[OR
and Wardens of (
the Companye of fWHERE her Ma,s moste gratiouse pleasure and comaundement is
Barbor-surgeons. ) this p'sente daie signified unto me the lorde Maior from the
right ho: the lorde Chamberline of her Ma,les moste honorable householde that myselfe
and my Bretheren thaldermen with a conveniente number of the beste and moste
graveste Cittyzens of this Citye shoulde uppon Tewesdaie nexte in the Afternoune wayte
and attende uppon her highnes royall p°son from the Towne of Chelsey unto her highnes
princlie pallace at Westminster in as honorable and statelye sorte as conveinentlye maye
be pnformed. In accomplishment of wch her highnes said comaundement, These shalbe
to chardge and comaunde you in her Mats name to pnpare not onlye your selves, but alsoe
provide and have in a readines the full number of eighte p°sons of the moste graveste
talleste and comliest peonages of your saide Companye, everye of them to be well horsed
and appareled in velvet coates and chaynes of goulde And that not onlye your sealves
but alsoe everye of the saide eighte p^sones maye have one footeman with twoe staffe
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ioy
torches to waite and attende upon him, and to be all in a readines well and substancially
horsed appareled and appointed as aforesaide in Cheepeside by twoe of the clocke of the
saide afternoone to attende uppon me and my bretheren thaldermen to waite upon her
moste excellente Ma"e from Chelsey aforesaide to her highnes saide pallace of Whitehall,
Whereof see you faile not at your p°ill and as you will answere the contrarye if throughe
your negligence any parte of this service shall not be thoroughelye p°formed. Guihalde
the ix of November 1599.
Sebrighte.
In pursuance of the above precept the Master with seven other
Members of the Court were appointed to attend, and eight freemen
were nominated as torchbearers.
1600. The fee simple of three houses in Monkwell Street was
this year purchased by the Company of William Fyninge for ^112!
1 1 th November, 1600. In obedience to a precept it was
ordered that twelve members of the Court " well mounted on horseback
and apparrelled in all poynts accordingely," together with twelve
freemen " to wayte uppon them wth evy one twoe staffe torches in his
hande," were to meet at the Hall on the following Thursday
(13th November) and to ride with the Lord Mayor to Chelsea to
conduct the Queen to Westminster. This procession is thus referred
to in Stow's Annals; "On the thirteenth of November 1600, her
Maiestie being most honourablie attended on, by the most honourable
Prelates, and Nobles, and Judges of the Realme, was received neere
unto Chelsey, by the Lord Maior of London, with his brethren the
Aldermen all in Scarlet, besides to the number of five hundred
citizens, in coates of velvet, and chaines of gold, on horesbacke,
every of them having two staffe torches to attende on them : And
they all waited on her, to her royall Pallace at Westminster."
9th November, 1602. Various members of the Company
"were appoynted to ryde w'h the Mr to meete her Matie on Saterdaie
next " at Chelsea.
no cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
9th April, 1603. A precept was received commanding the
Company to contribute £12 10s. od. towards the cost of the reception
of James I by the City, whereupon an assessment was made upon
the freemen for the same, and the Masters made " choyce of sixe
fisonable menn for Wiflers to attend the Livye of this Companye
when his Ma"e goeth to be crowned."
20th April, 1603. The following precept requiring the Com-
pany to assist in the reception of the King " in greater number
and more statelie and sumtiows shewe then hath bene at any time
heretofore within the memory of man in the like case piformed,"
will be read with interest ;
To the MKS and Wardens j By the Maior
of the Company of J. Where the most high and mightie Prince James or most
Barbor Surgeons ) , . , , , ,
dread & soveraygne Lord is by the grace of god shorthe
to make his repaire from his Kingedom of Scotland into this his Realme of England and
so consequentlye to this his honor0 ble Cittie and chaymber of this his imperyall Crowne.
And for that it is agreed by mee and my Breethr" the Aldren of the same Cittie that not
onelie or selves but the full number of five hundred of the best and gravest Cittizens
should accordinge to or dueties wayte and attend uppon his royall p°son at his approch
nere to this Cittie in greater number and more statelie and sumtiows shewe then
hath bene at any time heretofore within the memory of man in the like case piformed,
Towards the accomplishm' of wch number your company is appoynted to p'Vid the
full number of Twelve p°sonns, These therefore shalbe to chardge and commaund you in
his Ma"es name to prepare not onely yourselves but also to p^vid the full number of
Twelve persons of the most grave and Comlyest peonages of youre said Companye,
everie one of them to be well horsed and apparrelled w"' velvet Coates and w"1 sleaves of
the same and chaynes of golde, and not onely yourselves but every of the saide p°sons to
have one comely p^son well apparrelled in his dublet and hose to attend uppon him
one' foote. All which pr'sons to be in redines well and substonciallie horsed apparrelled
and appoynted as aforesaid w"'in one daies warneing to be signified unto you to attend on
mee and my Bretheren the Aldren of the same Cittie, to attend and wayte uppon
his most exelent Mat,e as aforesaid. And that uppon Saturdaie morneinge next you
1 On.
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 1 1
doe certifye to mee in wrytinge the names and S'names as well of youre selves as of
all other p°sons free of youre company that you shall appointe for this service. Of all
w1'1 p°sons you are to have a regard that noe man for insufficiency in any respect be
turned back to the disgrace and discredit of youre company, nor a mann unfitt furnished
and appointed for so honorable a service. And hereof fayle you not, as you will answer
the contrary if through youre defalt any parte of this service shal not be fullie p'Yormed.
Guyldhull this Twenteth of Aprill 1603
Sebright.
9th August, 1603. James soon attempted to borrow (as he
termed it) of the Companies. "Where a pcept was directed to or
Mrs- for the lone of money to the Kinge, wee are to answer that wee
have none."
Perhaps this reply sufficed on this occasion.
22nd October, 1603. London was this year visited with a great
Plague, and in consequence there was no Lord Mayor's Show.
TO THE WARDES OF | Bv THE MaI0R-
the Compaie OF \ Theise are to will and require you that you take speciall
Barbor Surgeons ) knowledge herby that for avoydinge of infeccon by assemblie
of people this tyme of gods vizitacon It is thought meate therbe noe shewe made the
morrowe after Simond and Judes daie next, it is intended that youre Companie be
dischardged thereof for their Attendare for that tyme.
Sebright.
This xxij"' of October 1603.
7th February, 1604. The Court having considered the many
abuses " comited against the weale of this Company" decided to
apply for an Act of Parliament which should confer upon them
extended powers, and appointed a Committee for the purpose, with
the Recorder and Mr. Wilbraham as counsel.
20th October, 1604. From an entry of this date, it seems that
it had been decided to apply for a fresh Charter, instead of an
112 c/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Act of Parliament, and a summary of the clauses (twenty-seven in
number) which it was desired to have embodied therein is set out
in full. As the Charter was obtained, it is unnecessary to give
these suggested clauses here (they may be seen in Mr. DArcy Power's
book, p. 361). The 16th one is, however, curious enough, declaring
the " openinge searinge and imbalmeinge of the dead corpes to be
pply belongeinge to the science of Barbery and Surgery, And the
same intruded into by Butchers Taylors Smythes Chaundlors and
others of macanicall trades unskillfull in Barbery or Surgery, And
unseemely and unchristian lyke defaceinge disfiguringe and dis-
membringe the dead Corpes, And so that by theire unskillfull searinge
and imbalmeinge, the corpes corrupteth and groweth pntlie contagious
and ofensive to the place and psons approachinge."
30th January, 1605. The Charter of James I is of this date,
but not now in our possession ; there are, however, two copies of it at
the Hall, one of which was made in a vellum book in 1658. It was
in Latin of prodigious length ; but the following are the clauses as
I make them out, and will suffice for this work.
1. It grants to the Company of Barber-Surgeons that it shall
be ruled by four Masters or Governors and twenty-six Assistants.
2. Power given to the Masters to make lawful assemblies,
to keep Courts in their Common Hall, and therein to consult, counsel
and decree touching their Statutes, Laws and Ordinances, for the
good rule, state and government of the Company.
3. Power to make laws, etc., for the government of the
Masters or Governors, and of all and singular persons using the
mysteries of Barbery or Surgery within the City of London, the
liberties and suburbs thereof.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
?
4. Power to punish offenders by penalties, fines, and im-
prisonments.
5. Fines to be levied by distress by the officers of the
Company.
6. Nomination of John Laycock as Master, and of the
three Wardens.
7. The present Masters to continue in office until the Monday
next before the feast of St. Bartholomew the Apostle, and until
the election of new Masters.
8. The present Masters and Assistants to continue on the
Court for life, unless removed for misbehaviour or other good cause.
9. Upon the death or dismissal of an Assistant, the vacancy
to be filled up by the Court.
10. Assistants to be sworn on admission.
11. The Masters, or the more part of them, to choose twelve
persons of the mystery (six whereof to be expert Surgeons), which
twelve were to be the Electors to choose the new Masters or
Governors on the Monday next before the feast of St. Bartholomew.
12. Of the four Masters, two to be Surgeons.
13. The Masters elected to be sworn to the due execution
of their offices.
14. Any member elected a Governor, to be ever after an
Assistant.
15. If a Governor be dismissed for misconduct, another to be
chosen in his place in the form provided.
16. The twelve Electors to be sworn.
17. Power of search, oversight, reformation, government, and
correction, as well of free as of foreign professors of Barbery and
Surgery in London and its suburbs.
18. Power of entry into Shops of Barbers and Surgeons
Q
ii4 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
19. Power to oversee, and approve or condemn plasters,
ointments, instruments, etc.
20. Power to examine Barbers and Surgeons.
21. Power to prohibit ignorant persons, or such as shall
wilfully refuse to be examined, from practising.
22. Power to admit skilful persons to practise Surgery.
23. Power to reject and destroy all noxious or improper
medicines, ointments, instruments, etc.
24. The Masters finding on their search any impostors,
ignorant persons, or refusers to be examined, the same to be bound to
their good behaviour.
25. No butcher, tailor, waxchandler or other persons, to cut,
dissect or embalm any dead body, but the same to be done by
members of the Company approved and appointed by the Masters or
Governors of the Barber-Surgeons.
26. The Masters or Governors and admitted Surgeons, to be
discharged from Watch, Ward, Inquests or Juries, and the office
of Constable, and from assessments for the same.
27. Power to purchase lands, etc.
28. Ratification of the old liberties and franchises of the
Barber-Surgeons, and of their lands.
29. All Mayors, Bailiffs, etc., to be aiding and assisting the
Masters or Governors in the execution of their offices.
Teste meipo apud Westm Tricesimo die Januarij Anno Regno nri Anglie
ffrancie et Hibernie scdo et Scotie Tricesimo octavo.
\P Bre de privato Sigillo.
Christian IV, King of Denmark, brother-in-law of James, paid
a visit to England in 1606, and was sumptuously entertained. In
accordance with the custom of the time, there was a grand pageant and
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 115
procession in the City, in which all the Companies took part, and
the following precept for the same was received by us : —
By the Maior.
To the MK & Wardens of the |
Company of Barbor Surgeons j
Ffor the bewtefieinge of the street^ and lanes \v"'in this Cittie against the
passage of the Kingf most excellent matic and the Kinge of Denmarke their nobilitie
and trayne from the Tower through this Cittie. Theis are in his Ma'f name straightlie
to charge and command you that all delayes & excuses sett aparte you have and provide
yor rayles in a readines for the livery of yor company to stand in and to be sett up in
the streetf against Wednesday the xxx,h day of July at the furthest. And likewise that
yor railes against that tyme be hanged with blew azure cloth & garnished w,h Banners &
streamers in the most bewtifull manner that may be, as formerlie in like solempnities
hath bin accustomed. And that you likewise have and provide sixe whifflers at the
least to ev'y score of yor livery well apparrelled w"' white staves in their handes to
stand with their backf to the Common railes over against your yor Companies railes for
the better and quieter ordering of the street^ through which his ma"' shall passe. And
hereof faile you not at yor pnill. This xxj"1 of July 1606.
Sebrighte.
Three days after the receipt of the above, came another
precept demanding ^"5 from the Barber-Surgeons towards the City's
expenses to be incurred about the Pageant.
The two Kings landed at the Tower, from Greenwich, on
the 31st July, on which day the City gave itself up to the gayest
doings and rej'oicings. A curious and interesting description of the
pageant is to be found in a rare tract by H. R., 1606, preserved
at Guildhall Library. Howes also gives an entertaining account of
the proceedings, and relates how the King of Denmark "seriously
observed the unimaginable number of gallant Ladies, beauteous
virgins, and other delicate Dames filling the Windowes of every
houss with kinde aspect saluting " him as he passed by. He also
tells us of the melodious harmony, the Latin speech, the pastoral
device, and the fountains which ran with wine, etc.
Q 2
lib
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
It seems that on this great occasion one of the Marshalls had
endeavoured to take our Company "down a peg" in order of
precedence. This was, however, successfully resisted, and the Clerk
proudly records the following in the Minutes on the same day :
Memorand : that the Kingf maHe wlh the Kinge of Denmarke & the Prince
of Wales came through this Cittie from wardes the Tower of London attended uppon
with the Lordes and gentry of this Land on the last day of this instant moneth of July
Att which tyme Mr- ffoxe beinge one of the Comittees for placeinge of the Companies
standing^ would have displaced us But by the Lord maiors order wee were placed in the
seaventeenth place accordinge as wee ought to be placed.
1606. Notwithstanding the new charter granted in the
previous year, the Court found itself unable to regulate the practice
of Barbery and Surgery without an extended set of By-Laws, which
were now obtained and are still preserved at the Hall. They are
in English, on eight large skins of parchment, beautifully engrossed
with a handsomely illuminated title, the initial % containing the
Barber-Surgeons' arms, and distributed over the heading are the
arms of the Master and Wardens in 1606, viz. : John Peck, Edward
Rodes, William Fynynge and John Fenton.
m
The By-Laws are allowed by Thomas Lord Ellesmere,
Lord Chancellor ; Thomas Earl of Dorset, Lord Treasurer ; and
Sir John Popham, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ; who
send "greeting in our Lord God Everlasting," and enact Ordinances of
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
//y
such fearful length, that to a layman it passes comprehension how the
draughtsman could have kept his head clear whilst he travelled through
such a sea of prolixity, and, to a great extent useless, repetition. If
the Chancellor and his colleagues troubled themselves to read through
and understand the document to which they have appended their
seals, they must have uttered very sensible sounds of relief when
they came to the sealing ; the recapitulation of the mere heads of
this extraordinary production, will probably be found wearisome to
the reader, viz' :
Recital of an Act of Parliament, 24th Feby., 19 Henry VII.
Oath of a freeman.
Oath of the Masters or Governors.
Oath of an Assistant of the Livery.
Oath of the Electors.
Oath of the Clerk.
Oath of a "foreign" Surgeon.
Oath of the Wardens of the Yeomanry.
Oath of an Assistant of the Yeomanry.
Oath of the Beadle.
Oath of the Porter.
Note. — Some of the foregoing oaths contain over 500 words in each !
7
8
9
10
1 1
1 2. Every person shall appear upon summons under a penalty
of 3& 4d-, and for not keeping the hour, a fine of 2d- to be imposed.
13. Masters neglecting the day of Election, the distribution of
Ferbras' alms, or the payment of rents, to forfeit ,£5.
14. No great Election dinner to be kept without the consent
of a Court of Assistants, under a penalty of £5.
15. The allowance for a great dinner to be 20 marks, and for
a small one ^"4.
16. Manner of Election of Masters or Governors.
i/8 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
17. Time of Election.
1 8. Twelve Electors to be chosen.
19. Electors to be sworn.
20. The Masters omitting any next in Election out of their
Bills, the Electors to choose others.
21. The order after Election.
22. A refuser of the office of Master or Governor to be fined
40s' and to be eligible to be chosen again.
23. Or may be absolutely discharged of such office on payment
of ,£10.
24. And on refusal to pay such fines, to be dismissed out of
the Court of Assistants and out of the Livery.
25. If the Electors choose such refuser to further place,
before he have paid his fine, each Elector to forfeit 40s'
26. Every person chosen into the Livery to pay £5 if he have
not served as Warden of the Yeomanry, and if otherwise then 40s'
27. Election of two Stewards of the Mayor's feast, and two
Stewards of the Anatomy ; £8 to be allowed to the former and
£6 to the latter.
28. Refusers of the Office of Steward to forfeit £13 6s. 8d. each.
29. The Common Seal to be kept under lock and key.
30. Time of the audit and appointment of eight auditors.
31. Day for reading "General Rules."
32. View of the Company's lands to be made yearly in October.
t,2,. Allowance for the view dinner.
34. " Search " to be made twice in the year.
35. Apprentices to be presented within one month after they
are retained in service, under a penalty of 40s.
36. Indentures to be prepared by the Clerk before presentation.
2,7- The Clerk to make all indentures.
38. Every liveryman may keep three apprentices.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 119
39. No decrepit, diseased or deformed apprentice to be
retained by any Barber or Surgeon.
40. No person to teach any but his apprentice.
41. No person to put away his apprentice, without an order
of Court.
42. No person to entice away another's apprentice or servant.
43. Every person to enroll his apprentice.
44. The Court to punish disobedient apprentices after its
discretion.
45. No freeman to " open shop " before he hath served one
year as journeyman.
46. No Barber to use more than one shop.
47. No Surgeon to serve by sea or land before he and "his
furniture" be examined and viewed.
48. Reformation of abuses in disobedient masters and servants.
49. No person to serve as a journeyman unless free of the
Company.
50. No person to use surgery before he be examined and
admitted.
51. No person to examine but the Examiners.
52. No Examiner to be chosen but by the Court.
53. Every Surgeon to be at every lecture on Surgery.
54. No Surgeon to defraud another of his patient.
55. No Person to shew his porringers, saucers or basons with
blood therein.
56. Every patient in danger of death or maim to be presented
to the Masters.
57. No person to take such presentation but a Master or
Governor.
58. Ordinance against unskilful practice in Surgery.
59. No Anatomy to be dissected out of the Common Hall.
120 oAiuials of the Barber-Surgeons.
60. Anatomies to be decently buried.
61. Warrant to create a Yeomanry.
62. No " Courts of Assistants " to be held on Tuesdays.
63. No Court of Assistants to be under the number of
sixteen persons.
64. Order of precedence in speaking.
65. Every Member to go and sit in his due place.
66. Ordinance against contentious and troublesome persons.
67. Ordinance against revealers of Court secrets.
68. No alien or stranger to bear the office of Master or
Governor.
69. Ordinance against unseemly behaviour towards the
Masters or Governors.
70. Ordinance against blotting or defaceing of books, pictures
or monuments.
71. Ordinance against any of the Livery refusing to attend in
his Livery gown.
72. Pensions for decayed members.
jt,. Warrant to search for hurt persons and malefactors.
74. As to quarterage.
75. Third Warden's duties as to receipts.
76. And as to payments.
■/■/. Duties of Fourth or Renter Warden.
78. Renter Warden to furnish accounts.
79. As to the Audit.
80. Ordinance against Sunday trading by Barbers.
81. As to fines and penalties.
82. Power to the Beadle to distrain (under a Warrant signed by
the Masters) for all fines ; also power to dismiss disobedient persons,
and to inflict corporal punishment.
a/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. / 2 1
Penalties of varying amounts are specified for breaches of any
of the foregoing Ordinances.
The By-Laws are signed " Ellesmere, Cane," "T. Dorset"
and "Jo: Popham," and the three seals of their arms are pendant.
8th September, 1606. This daie it is ordered that the Mrs shall pay v1' to
Mr- Michaell the Lord Cheif Justices man for his paynes in penninge of or ordynaunces.
5th February, 1607. This day it is ordered that a Court howse be errected
upon the Bulwarke behind the Hall of this Company for the Mrs or Governors to
kepe their Courtf at the charge of this Company And Mr- ffenton and Mr- Jenkins
are to joyne with the M's of this Company in the same buildinge.
This Court Room was built within the circular Bulwark at
the west end of the old Livery Hall, from which it was shut off
by a screen wall or partition ; many years later this screen was
removed, and the whole thrown into one large apartment, and
used as the Livery Hall.
21st January, 1608. The p0nt Mr" are this daye authorized to furnishe the
newe Roome in the Bulwark w"' cloth of Arras or tapestry or w"' waynscot as they
shall think fittest at the chardge of this howse, and the Chimney peece & wyndowes
to be waynscotted.
1608. The Colony of Virginia (so named from the Virgin
Queen Elizabeth, in whose reign it was discovered) was in an
unsatisfactory condition by reason of its scanty population, want of
enterprise and other causes ; whereupon the Council of Virginia
endeavouring the prosperity of the Colony, sent a letter to the
Lord Mayor propounding a scheme of emigration and colonisation
to be undertaken by the City, which should ease the Metropolis "of a
swarme of unnecessarie inmates," make the fortunes of the emigrants
R
1 22
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
(and of the "undertakers") and benefit the Colony. This letter
is so interesting that no apology is necessary for reproducing it here.
Whereas the lords of his Malcs councill, commissioners for the Subsedie,
desirous to ease the cittie and suburbs of a swarme of unnecessarie inmates as a
continuall cause of dearth and famine, and the verie origenall of all plagues almost
that happen in this kingdome, have advised yor lordshippe and yor brethren, in an
ease of state, to make some voluntarie contribucon for their remove into the plantation of
Virginia, wch we understand you all seemed to like as an action pleasing to God and
happie for this cofiionwealth ; We the councell and companie of this hoLlc plantation,
willing to yelde unto your lopp and them all good satisfacon, have entered into
consultacon wth o'selves, what may be everie mans chges, and what of everie private
familie, wch we send herew"' at large, not as a thing wdl we would exact from you,
but that you may see, as in a true glasse, the true chge, wch we wholly commend
unto yor grave wisdoms, both for the somme and man' of leavie ; onlie give us leave thus
farre to enforme you that we give no bills of adventure for a lesse some than 12" 10s
psuminge it wont be an infinite trouble now, and confusion in the retribucon, but
if your lop make any seasment, or raise any voluntarie contribucon out of the best
disposed and most able of the companies, we are willing to give or bills of adventure to
the mr and w-ardens, to the general use and behoof of that companie, yf by wards,
to the good of that ward, or otherwise as it shall please you and your brethren out
of yr better experience to direct. And if the inmate called before you and enjoyned
to remove shall alledge that he hath no place to remove unto, but must lie in the
streats, and being offerd this journey shall demand what shalbe their psent maintenance,
what their future hopes, yt may please you to lett them know that for the psent they
shall have meat, drink, and clothing, wIh an house, orchard, and garden for the
meanest familie, and a possession of lands to them and their posteritie, one hundreth
acres for everie man's {Json that hath a head or a body able to endure labour, as
much for his wife, and as much for his child that is of yeres to do Svice to the
colonie, wlh further p>ricular reward according to theire pticuler meritt and desert ;
and yf yor lordshipp and yor brethren shalbe pleased to put in any private adventure
for yor selves in pticuler, you shalbe sure to receive according to your pporcon
of the adventure, equall p>ts wlh us adventurers from the beginning, both of the
comodities returned or land to be divided ; and because you shall see (being aldermen of
so famous a cittie) we beare you due respect, we are contented, having but one
badge of grace and favor from his Ma"°, to participate w"1 you therein, and to make
aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 2}
as many of you as will adventure 50''- or more, fellow councellors from the first day
w,h us who have spent double and treble as much as is required, abidden the hazard
of three sevall discoveries, w,h much care and diligence, and many days adventure,
and as yor deputies, and yor assistants, in yor private wards, so shall as many of them as
will adventure but 25k present money, be made [?ties of this companie and assistants
of this councell; and thus as an action concerning God and the advancement of
religion, the present ease, future honr and safety of this kingdome, the strength of
or navie, the visible hope of a great and rich trade, w* many secrete blessings not
yet discovered, we commend the cause to the wisdome and zeale of yor selfe and
yor brethren and you, and it, and us, to the holie ptection of the Almightie.
The City took up the scheme heartily, a large sum was
subscribed and a great number of emigrants crossed the water. The
Barber-Surgeons invested ^25, but never received anything for
it again.
23rd March, 1609. This daye it is ordered that the p'nt Mrs shall advent'
xxv1!- uppon a Bill of Exchange for the plantacon of Virginia, of the stock of this howse.
6th January, 1609. In obedience to a precept from the Lord
Mayor, ,£10 was paid to the Chamberlain, towards the construction
of a Garner for the use of the City.
25th May, 1 6 10. A precept came from the Lord Mayor
calling upon the Company "to be readie in yor bardge well and
richlie sett forthe before vii of the clocke in the mornino- " on
the 31st January, to go to Chelsea to meet the eldest son of James I,
on which occasion he was to go from Richmond to Whitehall to
be created Prince of Wales ; whereupon the following minute is
recorded : —
At this Court a precept beinge sent from my lord Maior unto this Company
wch beinge at this Court read, the effect whereof was that our Company on Thursdaie
next shalbe reddie to attend my Lord Maior in their barge for the honor of this
Citie in the enterteynement of the high & mightie prince at Chelsey. It was
R 2
124 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ordered that none of the Company shold be warned for this service but onely those wch
ware of the Assistaunce of the Clotheinge to goe in the Barge, the reason thereof
is that a barge cold not be gotten large enough to carry the whole lyvery.
1 6 1 i . In this year came a precept from the Lord Mayor,
by authority of the King, complaining of " the abuse growing by
excesse and straunge fashions of apparell, used by manye apprentises,
and by the inordynate pryde of mayde servaunts and women servaunts
in their excesse of apparell and follye in varietie of newe fashions,
and to admonish them to have a due and speciall care to see a
spedye reformacon had in everye one of their servaunts." What
effect this had upon the apprentices and servants of the Barber-
Surgeons we are not told, but doubtless they were properly
admonished.
i st July, 1614. A precept was received to the effect that
the King had determined to borrow .£100,000 of the City, and
that the Barber-Surgeons were assessed at ^600 towards this loan,
which they were to lend, or which they were coolly informed they
could compound for, by an absolute fine of ^30 ! As the Court
well knew that they would never again see a halfpenny of the ^600
if lent, they quickly and wisely determined to pay the ^30.
Profiting by past experience, the next extracts show that the
Court proceeded warily in the matter of "adventuring" in the State
Lottery.
29th April, 1614. Att this Court the Mr propounding how they had receaved
Letters from the LordC of the privy Councell and from the lord Maior thereby exhorting
& intreating them to call their assistauntes together and to admonishe the geflall
body to be adventurers in the great lottery wcl' is comyng forth, Whereupon the same
Ires being considered on at this Court, it is thought fitt and ordered that the Mrs
shall att their pleasures call together the body of the Company, and they being gathered
together, to admonish & j9swade them to be adventerers in the same Lottery.
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 25
17th October, 1614. The Court having collected a sum of
money for the Lottery, it was ordered that it should not be paid to
the Treasurer, Sir Thos. Smith, until the Company shall be "assured"
by a Bill of Adventure under seal " for their adventure unto virgynia,
as also that it shalbe published in print certeynelie when the lotterey
shalbe drawen."
The College of Physicians had been for many years very
jealous as to the Barber-Surgeons trespassing on their preserves,
and as far back as 12th November, 1595, wrote a long letter to
their " verie loving freends " the Master and Wardens, cautioning
the members of the Company against practising physic, and stating
that no few of them were culpable in the matter, but that the
College had hitherto forborne to molest or punish them ; the letter
continues, " but for that we now see by daily experience that upon
our lenetie and sufferance this inconvenience more and more
increaseth, insomuch that both in credit and otherwise, it seemeth
to touch us more neere than well can be indured ; We have therefore
thought it good to put you in mynd thereof, and therewithal earnestly
and freendlie to request you, that among yourselves some such
discreet order may be taken heerin, that the like offence hereafter
maie not be committed by them or any of theirs. Wherein if we
shall perceave you as ready to fulfil our honest request, as we are
willing to maintain good amytie and concord with you and your
Companie, we wilbe very glad thereof and geve you thanks therefore.
If not, then as we are fully minded to defend our privileges and to deal
with the particular offendors therein, as order of law and our ordinances
in that behalf requireth ; so we trust the body of your Societie will not
be offended therewith. And so we bid you most hartelie farewell."
The above letter is taken from Dr. Goodall's History of the
College of Physicians. Dr. Goodall gives several instances of Barber-
126 c/J finals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Surgeons and Apothecaries being fined or imprisoned for practising
physic ; and, indeed, there seems to have been a strife waging between
the College and the Company for a long period.
1617. The Physicians in 15 James I obtained a Charter
confirming their Charter of 10 Henry viij, with several additional
privileges and clauses in restraint of the privileges of the Barber-
Sugeons, who thereupon petitioned the King that that Charter might
not be confirmed by Act of Parliament, as the Physicians were
desirous that it should be. The King on 4th February, 1620, ordered
that the petitioners should be left to seek any lawful remedy either
in Parliament or otherwise, as they might be advised, and accordingly
on 23rd April, 1624, they presented a petition to the House of
Commons, who ordered that the Physicians' Patent should be brought
into the Committee of Grievances, and both parties heard by Counsel,
the consequence of which was that the Physicians proceeded no
further with their Bill.
1632. Later on the Physicians endeavoured again to obtain
a supremacy over the Barber-Surgeons, and on 13th June, 1632,
procured an Order in Council which made it incumbent upon Surgeons
in certain serious and specified cases of Surgery, to call in a
" learned Physitian," and to enforce this order they procured the
Attorney General to exhibit a Bill in the Star Chamber in which
the obnoxious clause was inserted, but on a Petition of the Barber-
Surgeons complaining of the injury that would thereby accrue not only
to themselves, but to the public, the King, by an Order of Court
dated 22nd July, 1635, directed the clause to be struck out.
After the Restoration, the Physicians again endeavoured to
procure an Act of Parliament confirming their Charter, whereupon the
Barber-Surgeons claimed to have a clause inserted in the Act in the
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 12J
nature of a proviso that nothing therein contained should be construed
to the prejudice of their privileges, and again the Physicians seem
to have been checkmated, for they allowed their proposed Act to
fall through.
Kings' Barbers and Kings' Surgeons seem to have secured
substantial benefits from their official positions, as the following notices
(from Domestic State Papers at the Record Office) testify.
25th August, 1625. There is a letter of this date from Sir
James Fullerton to Secretary Conway, intimating that it is His
Majesty's pleasure to grant to Michael Andrews (Master 1635 and
King's Surgeon) a pension of ^"150 per annum for life.
17th December, 1625. And at this date is a grant to Thomas
Caldwell (Master 1627 and King's Barber).
A graunt to Thomas Caldwell esq' his Mat5 servant of ye some of one thousand
poundes To be received as well out of the remainder of three hundred pounds due
to his Mati0 by Richard Harbin sometime Collecto' of his Ma'f greenwax before his
accesse to the Crowne and out of the arrerages of grenewax money then due unto his
Ma,y- As also out of the other grenewax moneys now accrewing to his Ma'10 not being
in farme. And is granted to him as of his Mats bounty in lieu of 8001' formerly graunted
unto him by his Ma,y of wch he received no benefitt. Subscr0 by Mr. Attorney Gen'all
upon signification of his Ma'f pleasuere by the Lord Trer.
In addition to stray grants like the above, the perquisites and
fees attaching to the Office of King's Barber were very lucrative, and
Mr. Caldwell must have done exceedingly well out of the following
stroke of business.
January, 1626. Whereas his Matie hath bene pleased to appoint Mr. Thomas
Caldwell his Ma'5 servant and Barber to make provisions of all such necessaries as are
to be used at the Ceremony of Bathing the Knts of the Bath at this his Mat,es Coronacon
to be holden on the 2d day of February next at Westm' as to his place by auntient
custome belongeth I do therefore will and require all such whome it may concearne
128 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
to take notice thereof hereby for permitting him to doe and performe all such services
as hath bene accustomed in that behalfe & for delivering such necessaries in kynd or
allowance of money to the valeu thereof as shalbe by him required for the same
according to the auntient custome heretofore used therein. The number of the said
Kn's for whome such provisions are to be made being 80, by his Ma1,c appointed to receave
that degree.
Arundell & Surrey.
Examined by W'" Ryley |
Lancaster Herald j
Mr. Caldwell does not appear to have left his widow well
provided for, as we read under date 10th July, 1643 :
Upon the distressed Petieon of Widdow Thamar Caldwall late Wife of
M' Thomas Caldwall deceased there is given to her of the gift of this House viu
1624 and 1625. In the minutes of this period are constant
notices of the "visitation," and of "the contagious tyme." The Plague
raged with great severity in London in 1625, and it is said that over
40,000 died of it in the year. The Company appear to have been
very liberal in their gifts of money to any who had the least claim
upon them, the relief being frequently stated to have been given by
" reason of the hardnes of the tymes."
,
nth April, 1625. This daye the pncept for provision of corne sent unto or
Companie by the lord Maior of london was here read in Courte, And this Courte is
fullie resolved that the present Mrs doe give unto the Lord Maior and returne him this
answeare that the Companie is provided of their proportion of corne and more they
are not able to provide or receive into their charge.
1628. This year the Company were compelled to "lend"
the King £360, which they with great difficulty raised, the greater
part being borrowed at interest to enable them to do so. They
also paid £30 towards a "present" (?) of ,£5,000 given by the
City to the Palsgrave (Frederick, Prince Elector Palatine, son-in-
law of James I).
o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 129
15th August, 1629. On this day was sealed the Company's
new Charter from Charles I. It is in Latin on five large skins
of parchment with the Great Seal of England pendant. There
is a portrait of the King with a stiletto beard in the initial
letter, and an ornamental heading along the top of the first
skin. This Charter ratifies that of James I, directs that public
lectures on Surgery shall be given, and confirms and somewhat
varies the old regulations for the governance of the practitioners of
that science.
22nd October, 1629. The Company evidently began now
to kick at the numerous demands made upon its purse by the
authorities, for a precept coming from the Lord Mayor demanding
,£12 10s. contribution towards a pageant, it was ordered that it
be not paid until the Court was satisfied that it could be legally
demanded, and enquiry made as to whether or no other Companies
had paid similar contributions.
1632. The fabric of old St. Paul's being in a lamentable
state of decay, the celebrated Archbishop Laud wrote a letter
to the Barber-Surgeons asking a contribution towards its
repair. Ever ready to assist in good works, the Company
cheerfully devoted a very considerable sum towards that object,
notwithstanding the comparative poverty to which they had been
reduced (in consequence of the grievous impositions made upon them
by the authorities in the shape of forced loans and other unconstitu-
tional demands). Moreover, they recorded their benefaction, in a
delightfully expressed minute, which will be found at the end of
the following letter.
9th April, 1632. The letter written by William Lord Bishopp of London and
directed to this Court concerneing our contribucon towardf the repaire of St Paulls
S
/ ? o cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Church in London being now much ruined was here in Court reade, the tenor whereof
is as followeth, vidz'
To the right worp" my very worthy ffreindf the Maister Wardeins and
Assistant^ of the Companie of Barbar surgions London, theis
S. in xpo.' After my verie hartie comendacons, you cannot but take notice
of his Ma'f most honble and pious intention for the Repaire of the decayes of S' Tawles
Church here in London, being the Mother Church of this Citty and Diocess, and the
greate Cathedrall of this Kingdome. A greate dishono' it is not onely to this Citty but
to the whole State to see that Auncient and goodly Pyle of building soe decayed as
it is, but it will be a farr greater if care should not be taken to prevent the fall of
it into ruin, And it would be noe lesse disgrace to Religion happily established in
this Kingdome, if it should have soe litle power over the mindes of men as not to
prevaile with them to keepe those eminent places of Gods service in due and decent
repaire which their fforefathers buylt in tymes by their owne confession not soe full
of the knowledge of gods truth as this present age is. I am not ignorant how many
worthy workes have bene done of late in and about this Citty towardf the building
and repayring of Churches which makes me hope that every mans purse will open
to this greate and necessary worke (according to Gods blessinge upon him) soe much
tending to the service of God and the honor of this nation. The generall body of
the Cittye have done verie worthily in their bounty allready as alsoe the lord Maior
Aldermen and Sheriffes severally for their owne j?sons. Theis are therefore accordinge
to their examples hartily to pray and desire you the Maister Wardeins and other
Assistants of the worthy Company of Barbar Surgions to contribute out of ye publicke
Stock, to the worke aforesaid what you out of yr Charitye and devotion shall thinke
fitt, and to pay the Summe resolved on by you into the Chamber of London at or
before our Lady Day next, praying you that I may receave by any servant of yor
Companye a note what the Summe is which you resolve to give. And for this
Charity of yors whatsoever it shall prove to be, I shall not onely give you harty thankes,
but be as ready to serve you and every of you, as you are to serve God and his
Church. Soe not doubting of yor love and forwardnes to this greate worke, I leave
you to the grace of God, and shall soe rest
Yor very loving ffreind
Guil : London :
London house, January 30. 1632.
1 Health in Christ.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. i)i
And thereupon this Court deepely considering the contentf of that letter
together with the j?nte mines and dilapidacons of the said Church, and as faithfull
and charitable members obliged largely to contribute to soe pious and religious
a worke Doe nowe order that out of the stock and revenew of this house there
shalbe paid into the Chamber of london towardf the said repaire x" jJntely and
xh yearely for nine yeares followeing to make it upp compleate a C" as of the free
guift of this house. And if att any tyme hereafter the worke doe cease that then
our payementC to cease likewise.
1633. This year the Company built a granary at the Hall,
for the store of Corn.
1 2th July, 1633. A new set of By-Laws was framed and
allowed by the proper authorities. These are extant on twelve
great skins of parchment, more wordy and of greater length than
those of 4th James I ! They are, however, very similar to those,
with technical alterations and amendments here and there, and
provision is made for Lectures on Surgery, demonstrations of anatomy,
and for the better Examination of Surgeons. Clause 19 provides
that any freemen of the mystery who shall use any arts, trades or
sciences other than Surgery " shall be accepted, reputed, adjudged
and taken for Barbars." Empirics and impostors were to be rigorously
dealt with, and the Court was to have supervision over all Navy
Surgeons, their chests, medicines and instruments. No Barbers or
Surgeons were to be impressed for the Navy without license of the
Court, and numerous regulations were made for the government of
the Company.
The document is signed by Richard Earl of Portland, Lord
Treasurer ; Sir Thomas Richardson and Sir Robert Heath, the Lords
Chief Justices ; the seals of the first two are still pendant, but that of
Sir Robert Heath is missing.
s 2
1 32 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1636. Spurred into further action for the advancement of the
science of Surgery, which their extended powers under the new
By-Laws had conferred upon them, the Company determined upon
building a Theatre for the delivery of Lectures, and for anatomical
purposes, etc. This they set about in 1636, employing the great
Inigo Jones as their Architect, who about this period also designed and
carried out the present beautiful Court Room or Parlour, one of the
best proportioned and prettiest rooms in London.
nth February, 1636. Upon the mown of or Mr to this Court concerneing the
want of a publique Theater for Anatomycall exercises and Sceletons and a lesser roome
for private discections, This Court doth order that if the Mrs or Governors upon their
peticon to the Lord Maio' and Aldren they have the bullwarke & long stripp of ground
lieing betwixt the gould smiths tenement & clothw : tenemtf & london wall at the
one end & the Companies hall & p^lor & london wall at the other end, by purchase
in fee farme or a long lease from the Cittie, that then a Theater to the largenes of
the upper ground betwixt the goldsmithes tenemt & the clothworkers tenem' on the one
side & london wall on the other side shalbe be ovally built for the Worp' and
comiditie of this Companie at the Charge of this house.
The piece of ground on which it was proposed to erect the
Theatre was then on lease to the Company from the City. The
Lease was dated 29th March, 7 Charles I (1631), and made between
the Mayor, &c, of London, of the one part and the Masters, &c,
of the Barber-Surgeons, of the other part. In consideration of
,£20 paid by the Company the City leased to them "All that Tower
or Bulwark and the houses Roomes and buildings therein or there-
upon made or erected, And all that ground or garden plott with
thappurtennces scituat lyinge and beinge in the parish of St Olave
in Silver Street in the Citie of London next unto the Wall of the
same Citie there of the one side, and the landes of the saide Maisters
or Governors and others on the other side late in the tenure or
' Worship.
INTERIOR OF COURT ROOM.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
J 3
occupacon of the right honorolj,e Henry late Lord Wyndsor deceased
or of his assignes and now in the tenure or occupacon of the said
Maisters," etc., from the feast of the Annunciation, 163 1, for forty-one
years at a rent of £3. The lease contained the usual covenants of a
repairing lease, as also one " that neither they the saide Masters
or Governors their successors nor assigns shall or will att any time
or times during the said Terme suffer any Inmate or Inmates
to dwell in any part of the premises afore demised."
5th May, 1636. There is an Indenture of Lease of this date
made between the Mayor, &c, of London, and the Masters, &c,
of the Barber-Surgeons, which after reciting the last mentioned
lease proceeds: "And whereas the said Maisters or Governors of
the Misterie and Comonaltie of Barbars and Surgians of London
for the better enhableing of them in the Arte of Surgerie Doe intend
to erect and build a decent Roome or Theatre on part of the premisses
for the keeping therein A learned and constant Lecture in the
Theorie and practiq5 partf of Surgerie As also to pforme their
publique operacons of Anatomies and other exercises thereunto
belonging, Which will be verie chargeable to them Wherein the
said Maior and Cominaltie and Citizens are desirous and willinge to
aide and further the saide Maisters or Governors in the setting forward
of soe necessarie and comendable a worke tendinge to the generall
good of the whole kingdome," wherefore the Mayor, &c, leased the
said premises to the Company for a further term of 200 years upon the
expiry of the lease then running, at the same rent of £3 per annum, the
Lessees covenanting to build the Theatre within seven years.
1 6th May, 1636. Upon or Mrs report to this Court that the Lord Maior &
Aldren have freely graunted to this house a new lease of CC yeares comenceing
from the expiraeon of or lease now in being It is ordered with the generall consent
of the whole Court here present that the Theater shalbe proceeded in and built
according to the plotts drawne by his Ma'f Surveigher.
i 34 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
3rd August, 1636. It is ordered by this Court that the Companies Armes with
Helmett Crest supporters and mantlings shalbe sett up in Portland Stone under the
Cantilaver does of the Theater being over the Windowe next the Granarye.
Alsoe the mottoe viz'- Speciosum hoc Theatrum Anatomicum erectn fuit
Michaei.e Andrews Chirurgo Regio ac comunioni Barbitonso^ et Chirurgo^ p°
tempore pr/efecto, guardianis vero joanne warue nlcolas heath et wllhelmo
huckle anno ab exhibito in carne messi^e supra millesimum sexcentesimum
trigesimo sexto shalbe engraven in the voyde stone worke over the greate doore into
the Theater.
A plan of the Theatre is preserved in a collection of the
works of Inigo Jones, at Worcester College, Oxford, and a short
description of it is found in Hatton's New View of London, 1708.
The curiosities in the Barber-Surgeons' museum of those days will
excite a smile when compared with the collection now at Lincoln's
Inn Fields. Hatton says that the Theatre was built in " an elliptical
form, and commodiously fitted up with four degrees of seats of cedar
wood, and adorned with the figures of the seven liberal sciences, and
the twelve signs of the zodiac. Also containing the skeleton of an
ostrich, put up by Dr. Hobbs, 1682, with a busto of King Charles I.
Two humane skins on the wood frames, of a man and a woman,
in imitation of Adam and Eve, put up in 1645 ! a mummy skull,
given by Mr. Loveday, 1655. The sceleton of Atherton with copper
joints (he was executed) given by Mr. Knowles in 1693. The figure
of a man flead, where all the muscles appear in due place and
proportion, done after the life. The sceletons of Cambery Bess
and Country Tom (as they then call them), 1638 ; and three other
sceletons of humane bodies."
Hogarth has, in ghastly style depicted the dissection of a
criminal in this Theatre, in which the skeletons above referred to
are seen in niches in the wall.
ESTATE IN MONKWELL STREET
MONKWELL STREET
30 40
a • • eo 100
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 135
The plan of the Company's Estate, has been kindly supplied
for this work by Mr. Charles John Shoppee, as surveyed by him
in 1869, previous to the demolition of the old Livery Hall, Kitchen,
etc. The Theatre had been pulled down in 1784, and houses erected
on its site ; the Theatre is, however, shewn upon this plan, as being
more interesting than the houses which supplanted it. In 1636 the
Company commenced the erection of the Livery Hall and present
Court Room, the work being carried out from the designs and under
the superintendence of the celebrated Inigo Jones, the Livery Hall
was, however, burnt in 1666, and that shown upon the plan is the
one which was erected after the Great Fire.
5th September, 1636. The Plague was again abroad in
London, and the Court, for fear of infection by meeting together,
resolved as follows :
In regard of the now greate visitacon of the plague This Court doth
deferre the Courts for the daye of Rules the Vew daye i\i other publique Courts
till it shall please God to cease the Sicknes.
23rd September, 1636. The Lord Mayor having requested
the Company to nominate " twoe Surgians to take care of those
that were infected with the plague in this Cittie & liberties," the
Court thought that two was a wholly insufficient number and
nominated six Surgeons to be presented to the Court of Aldermen.
2nd October, 1636. £5 was ordered to be paid in to the
Chamber of London towards the relief of the poor, stricken with
the Plague.
30th March, 1637. The Company were assessed to pay .£10
" ship money," whereupon an order was made that they should
forbear to pay it, and a Committee appointed to wait on the Court
/ 3 6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of Aldermen to petition against the assessment. The application
was, however, unsuccessful, as by an Order of Court, 29th March,
1638, the money was directed to be paid.
8th November, 1638. The Court of Aldermen having assessed
the Company to furnish 80 quarters of corn in lieu of 60 as hereto-
fore provided, it was resolved to petition against it. This would
be a very important matter to the Company as the assessments
for all public purposes were made upon the City Companies pro
rata with their corn quarterages, and if the 80 quarters were allowed
to stand, it would raise all the future assessments ^ Per cent. The
result however, of the protest does not appear in the minutes.
28th October, 1640. On receipt of a precept from the Lord
Mayor, it was ordered that three barrels of Gunpowder should be
bought and stored.
1640. The Company unwillingly agreed to lend the King
^400, and were put to great inconvenience in raising the money, which
was required by Charles for his campaign in Scotland.
After several skirmishes with the Scots, the English Army
was at length disbanded, and the King went himself to Scotland
to negotiate the difference which had arisen by his attempted inter-
ference in Church matters in that Kingdom ; he returned to London in
November, 1641, and the following minute refers to the preparations
made by our Company to meet him.
22nd November, 1641. Upon reading the Lord Maiors precepts for the
Companyes enterteyning the King upon his returne from Scotland It is ordered
that the Mar and Wardens, Mr. Serjeant Clowes, Mr. Richard Wateson, Mr. Woodall,
Mr. Powell, Mr. Burgin, Mr. Heath, Mr. Henry Wateson, Mr. Bignall, Mr. Dye,
Mr. Arris, Henry Boone, and Thomas Turner, shalbe attendant on Twesday next well
mounted on Horseback in plush or Velvett with Chaines of Cold, and that John Perkins
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 37
shall beare the Pendon with our Coate of Amies on Horseback and that these 18 ffree
men shalbe Decently cladd in the Companyes Colours of White and Greene, each of
them with a greene flatt Cap with a white Ribbon about it, a greene Cassock and
Drawers of the same Stuffe Whiffler like laced with a white Lace a white ribaning and
a greene Ribbin athwart theire Brests, and each of them a Truncheon in theire hands
in the forenoone, and in the af'tnoone each of them 2 Torches, and these 18 to attend
perticulerly one of them to each of the Horsemen, viz'-
(Then follows a list of the freemen chosen.)
The " Riding out " on this occasion must have been a
magnificent sight, if all of the Companies spent proportionately to
the outlay of ours, which was no less than ^39 ijs. icy/, upon
decorations, etc., for those taking part in the procession. Strype
informs us that —
The Lord Mayor on horesback wearing a gown of crimson velvet & a collar of
SS, and attended by his suite, rode in the front of the procession to meet the King.
Then followed the Aldermen in scarlet gowns and the City council and chief officers
in black gowns. Upon reaching Moorfields, there waited in a readiness to attend his
Lordship and the service, about five hundred horsemen selected out of the Liveries
of the several Companies, being Masters, Wardens, and prime men of each Company
in velvet or plush coats and suits, with chains of gold, being well horsed and gallantly
furnished, every Company having a horseman in the front carrying a pendant with that
Company's arms to which he did belong (for distinction sake), and a footman to attend
each horseman of the Livery with truncheons and torches as before, both horsemen with
the pendants and footmen being suited cap-a-pee with the Company's colours on
which they waited. There were also fourteen Trumpeters, with trumpets, banners and
scarfs, who were placed two between every hundred of the horse, and four at the
head of the troop. The procession moved on to Kingsland, where the Lord Mayor
and Aldermen and the Companies awaited the Kings approach, while the Sheriffs
attended by seventy-two men in Scarlet Cloaks trimmed with silver lace (the colours
of the City) with javelins and feathers and four trumpeters, rode as far as Stamford Hill,
and there met their Majesties and escorted them to Kingsland.
His Majesty was accompanied by the Queen, the Prince, the Duke of York,
the Princess Mary and the Prince Elector Palatine, and after receiving an address,
T
ijS cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
the Royal party joined the civic procession to London, entering it at Moorgate,
and proceeded through London Wall, Bishopsgate Street, Cornhill and Cheapside,
to the banquet at Guildhall, amidst the City Companies in their formalities and stands
on each side of the streets, the City conduits running with a diversity of wines.
1643. The relations between the King and the City having
become estranged in the fearful distractions of these times, Charles
endeavoured to conciliate the citizens with a message, which was
publicly read at Guildhall on the 13th January, and later on he
sent a circular letter to the Masters of the several Companies requiring
them to call their freemen and apprentices together, to read to them
a copy of a letter which he had sent to the City on the 17th January.
The Court of the Barber-Surgeons met on Tuesday, 24th inst.,
and cautiously record that they would have summoned their freemen
for the next day, but that it was a fast day and that in the interim
an order had come from the Committee of Safety that the letter, etc.,
should not be read.
24th January, 1643. The Kings Letter sent to the Mrs & Wardens of this
Company was read in Court and the printed Letter in it and the Cittyes Peticon and
his Ma1'" gracious answer unto it. And but that the morrow was fast day being the
last Wednesday in this Moneth the ffreemen and apprentices of this Company could not
be summoned to appeare then, it should have bin read. Soe that in the Interim an
Order of Comand from the Lords and Comons was directed to this Company to
countermaund the said Letters in these words,
Die Martis 24'0 Januarii, 164J. At the Comittee of Lords and Comons for
the safety of the Kingdome.
Whereas there are divers Letters pretended to be sent by his Malie to the
Mrs and Wardens of the severall Halls in the city of London with Two litle Bookes
therein closed the one intituled The humble Petieon of the Maior, Aldermen and
Comons of the City of London to his Ma'*- And the other intituled his Ma,ies Letter
and declaracon to the Sheriffes and City of London Dated the 17"1 of January, which
evidently tendeth to sedition and setting of the whole State in a Combustion. These
are therefore strictly to charge & comand the Mrs and Wardens of every Hall in
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 39
the City to whome the said Letters and Bookes inclosed shalbe directed to forbeare
to publish or open any of them till both the Houses of Parliament shall give further
order therein. And the M's and Wardens of every Hall are required to bring the
said Letters with the Messengers thereof to this Comittee which they will take to be
an Argument of theire good Affection to the Parliament
Pembroke Montgomery Bolingbroke Ed : Manchester
W. Say & Seale Ed : Howard Jo : Evelin Jo : Pym
Antho : Nicoll.
17th January, 1644. It is ordered that in respect of the greate troubles and
distractions of these times there shalbe noe publique Anatomy this yeare dissected.
1644. The Company seem to have become greatly im-
poverished by the venture in Ireland, the rebuilding of their premises,
and the forced loans to the King and the Parliament. In a
certificate given by the Master and Wardens (5th September, 1644)
to be produced in a suit in which they were defendants, they state
that their debts are ,£3,000, and that they can get no return of
any of the money lent for public purposes, or even the interest of it.
If the Stuarts acted in an unconstitutional manner in their
oppressive demands upon the Companies, the Roundheads were as
bad, with just this difference, that, with all their pretensions to
purity, piety and high-mindedness, they did not hesitate to practise
actual dishonesty in their modus operandi of squeezing the Companies,
as the following painful incident from our books testifies : — The
Company had borrowed from Mr. Richard Wateson, one of the
Assistants, £"1,200 upon sealed bonds, for the express purpose of
meeting the demands which had been made upon them by the King
and Parliament from time to time. Mr. Wateson having been
declared a " Papist and Delinquent," his property was seized, and
the Bonds of the Barber-Surgeons, found in his strong chest, were
taken to the Committee for Gloucester and Hereford, sitting at
T 2
140 o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Grocers' Hall. These worthies, in conjunction with the Committee
for Sequestrations, came clown upon the Company and demanded
payment of the ,£1,200 for which they had given their bonds to
their brother, Mr. Wateson. The Court deeming this a monstrous
piece of injustice, hesitated to comply, whereupon the Committees
threatened to seize the Company's entire estate ; and then the Court
resolved to petition Parliament, but the House not sitting for some
time the petition could not be prosecuted, and the Committee being
urgent, the Company most reluctantly agreed to pay down ^400
and to have the bonds cancelled. Although these shameful terms
were definitely agreed upon, the Committees a few days later broke
faith, demanding .£400 cash and the Company's bond for another
^"ioo, to which the Company, like the lamb with the wolf at its
throat, nolens volens, consented. The iniquity of this business was
made apparent to the Committees, who were well aware that the
Company had incurred the debt to Mr. Wateson in order to meet
the previous rapacity of themselves, and yet they hesitated not
to compel the Company to submit to a further fine of ^500 for
having complied with their demands in the past, besides manifesting
the dishonesty proposed by them in offering to cancel the debt due by
the Company to Mr. Wateson.
29th April, 1645. By the power and authority to this Court given by severall
Orders of a late Court of Assistants, this Court for and towards the raiseing of the
400" agreed to be paid in part of the composicon for Mr. Watson's debt unto the
the Comittee for the releife of Gloucester, &c, did pawne all the Companyes plate
both guilt and white, weighing 1,120 oz. \ or thereabouts, unto Mary Crosse of London
Widdow for the Sum of 280'' by a Writeing of Bargaine and Sale this day sealed
with this Companyes Coirion Seale bearing date the 16"' day of this Instant Aprill with
a provisoe of Redemption. And borrowed of Mr. George Dunn ioo" more at Interest
at vj" 1 o' p° annum p0 centum for wch he tooke the secureity of our Coinon Seale.
A few years later on (14th September, 1648), Mr. Edward
Arris presented to the Court a letter from Mr. Wateson, wherein was
^Annuls of the Barber-Surgeons. 14 1
intimated that he expected the Company to repay him the money
borrowed, the bonds for which had been seized by Cromwell's party,
and for which the Company had already compounded, whereupon we
read " This Court doth declare theire acknowledgement of a great
respect and esteeme they have and beare towards him and shalbe
ready to doe him all the right they can without prejudicing the
Company"; and again on 30th April, 1650, "Mr. Richard Wateson
an ancient Mr of this Company Doth this day desire to know the
mind of this Court concerning the 1,200'' by him lent to this
Company and sequestred in this Company's hands and compounded
ffor 500'' in full of principall and Interest, The matter being of great
Consequence, this Court doth take time to consider of it and to give
him an answer therein."
What answer Mr. Wateson got, I do not know ; he was held
in great esteem by the Company, and doubtless some honourable
compromise was arranged.
In their negotiations with the Committees, the Company
seem to have been able to impress the Chairman favourably on
certain occasions, though there is grave reason to apprehend that
this official of the party of purity was open to a bribe, as the following
minutes would seem to indicate.
27th October, 1645. The Company having been threatened
with sequestration of their entire estate unless an assessment made
upon them was paid on Friday following, a Committee of the Court
was ordered to wait on Mr. Scawin, the Chairman of the Committee
for the Army, to beg his favourable consideration of the Company's
poor estate ; the result is seen in the next entry.
14th September, 1648. This Court takeing notice of the greate Love and flavour
of Mr. Scawin Chaireman to the Comittee ffor the Army expressed oftentimes upon
142 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
severall occasions towards our Company Doth thinke fitt in gratitude and accordingly
doth order That the present Governours doe present to him a guift of the value of
vj" 13s 4d The quality and price of the guift is left to theire discretions.
1646. To relieve them of their great debts, the Company
about this period raised considerable sums by granting annuities ;
the following are examples in point : —
24th March, 1646. This day Mr Nicholas Heath payd the sum of 200'' to the
use of this Company and is the purchase money for an Annuity of 26" p^ aiin. for
10 yeares to himselfe and Grace his Wife Whereupon the Deed of Grant of the said
Annuity was sealed with the Cofnon Seale and delivered to theire use.
Alsoe this day MrU Elizabeth ffreeman payd the sum of 200" the Purchase
money for the like Annuity of 26" p° aiin. for 10 yeares and the Deed for that purpose
was sealed and delivered to her.
On the 30th January, 1649, the King's troubles were ended by
his murder, and very shortly afterwards we find this significant minute.
19th March, 1649. This Court doth order That the Oath conteyned in the
Rules and Ordinances of this Company be administred unto every ffreeman upon his
admission as before, The ffirst Words which doe concerne allegiance to the King
and his Successors only to be left out.
The banners of the Company bearing the late King's arms
were destroyed, and any heraldic insignia at the Hall which contained
the Royal Arms were ordered to be defaced. We may readily believe
that this was most ' unwillingly done by the Court, who however,
had no option in the matter.
1648-9. Fairfax had filled the City with troops, " billetting
orders" being made upon the several Companies for the reception
of the soldiers at their Halls. Herbert (Vol. I, p. 181) states that
the Merchant Taylors were fortunate enough to procure an order
of exemption which cost them .£20 10s., and further that he believed
their case to be unique, but it seems that the Carpenters by means
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 143
of "Gratuities 'to sevall men of qualitie,' " amounting to ,£13 2s. 6d.,
managed to get free of this imposition, whilst the Barber-Surgeons
procured their immunity at a much cheaper rate, for we read in
the Wardens' accounts of the period,
Paid fforr the charges expended in procureing a Proteccbn from the Lord
General from quartering Souldiers in the hall 13s 3d-
These notices are clear indications that Cromwell and the
"men of qualitie" about him, were accustomed to take bribes.
3rd February, 1654. The City entertained Cromwell at
Grocers' Hall, and our Company had to go out in procession to
receive him, our "standing" being in St. Paul's Churchyard.
1660. The Barber-Surgeons contributed £96 towards a
present of .£10,000 given by the City to Charles II • at the
Restoration. No money exacted under precept was more willingly
paid than this, and indeed the Companies generally seemed to have
cheerfully contributed, delighted to have escaped the gloom of the
Commonwealth, and with a prospect of brighter times in store. On
the 5th July, the King was nobly entertained at Guildhall, our
Company taking part in the rejoicings (see Wardens' Accounts of
this date).
1666. Our Minute Books for this period having been lost
or stolen, we unfortunately have no records of the Great Fire beyond
those preserved in the "Wardens' Accounts" (which see), and
although these are somewhat meagre, they are highly interesting,
especially those which relate to the fortunate preservation of the
great Holbein picture. It has been stated (but without any other
authority than that of gossiping Samuel Pepys, who had a special
interest in disparaging the picture) that it was damaged in the fire,
though no notice of such a mishap is known to me, and the Accounts
144
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
(which are complete) are significantly silent as to anything having
been spent on its restoration or cleansing, which, had it been injured,
would have been necessary ; it seems to have been taken away
from the Hall by Major Brookes to a place of safety, and subsequently
brought home again by six porters.
The Theatre, which was a detached building, as also the
present Court Room, both the works of Inigo Jones, were saved,
though the Hall was burned,
entailing a great expense upon
the Company in rebuilding (see
Wardens' Accounts).
The houses n, 34 and 35,
Monkwell Street (see plan, p. 135)
were rebuilt 1671, when the gate-
way to the Hall Court Yard was
formed and the grotesque coat-
of-arms put up over the Lintol.
When the alterations were
made under the superintendence
of Charles J. Shoppee in 1869,
the old lintol, corbels, tympanum,
and door-head were very carefully
taken down and refixed over the
present entrance to the Hall in the Court Yard. This door-head
is always an object of interest to visitors to Barbers' Hall ; long may it
continue to be so !
25th August, 1 68 1. A short set of By-Laws was this day
enacted. It is on a single skin of parchment, and imposes penalties
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 145
upon such persons, as, being elected, should refuse to serve as
Masters or Stewards of Anatomy. It is signed by Heneage, Earl of
Nottingham, Lord Chancellor, and Sir Francis Pemberton and
Sir Francis North, the two Lords Chief Justices, all of whose seals
are pendant to the document.
1684. This was indeed a troublous year for the Corporation
and for the guilds of London. Charles having interfered with the
privileges of the City by thrusting in his nominees for Sheriffs, had
met with considerable opposition from the citizens, and being assured
that this resistance would be continued and maintained by the City,
he determined to strike a blow at the root of its franchise, by getting
into his hands the Charter of the City, as also the Charters of the
several Companies. It was not difficult to procure a venal tribunal
which would be prepared to pronounce an iniquitous judgment upon
any fictitious statement submitted to it by the King. Sir Rob1'
Sawyer, the Attorney-General, thereupon undertook, on behalf of
the Crown, to prove that the City Charters were forfeited, and
contrived the celebrated quo warranto, upon which judgment was (as a
matter of course) obtained against the City, on the 12th June, 1684.
The Companies seem to have unanimously anticipated this
decision, and by so doing and by " surrendering " their Charters
and liberties before the delivery of the judgment, hoped to ensure
the favour of the King.
The original of the " surrender " of the Barber-Surgeons is
very neatly engrossed on extra thick parchment, but the seal was
of course removed when it was returned to the Company. The
text is as follows : —
To all to whom these p'sents shall come. The Masters or Governors of
ye Mystery and CoTaltie of Barbks & Surgeons of London send Greeting.
Know yee y' wee considering how much it imports the Governm' of our company
U
146 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
to have men of known Loyalty & approved integrity to bear offices of Magistracy
& places of Trust. The s*' Mars or Govern1'5 have granted surrendred and yielded
up, and by these p'sents do grant surrendr and yield up unto his most gracious Majesty
Charles ye second by the Grace of God King of England, &c, his Heires and
Successo'5- All and singular ye Powers Franchises liberties priviledges and authorities
whatsoever and howsoever granted to or to bee used or exercised by ye said Masters
or Governors by vertue of any right Title or Interest vested in them by any Charters
Letters Patents Custome or Prescripcon in force of or concerning the electing nominating
constituting being or appointing of any person or persons into or for y° severall and
respective offices of Mast' Wardens Assistants and Clerk of ye said Company. And
ye said Masters or Governo'5 do hereby humbly beseech his Malie to accept of this their
surrend' and do with all submission to his Majesties good pleasure implore his grace
and favor to regrant to ye said Masters or Governo'5 the nameing and Chusing of ye
said Officers and the said libertie and franchises or so many of them and in such
mann1 as his Majesty in his great wisdome shall judge most conducing for ye governm1 of
ye said Company, And with and under such reservaccons restrictions and qualifications
as his Majestie shall bee pleased to appoint. In Witnes whereof the said Mastrs or
Governo'8 have hereunto affixed their Cornon seal the sixteenth day of Aprill in
ye Thirty sixth year of y° reign of o' sov"aign Lord Charles yc second, &c, and in
ye year of or Lord Christ 1684.
Similar forms of surrender were adopted by other Companies.
I am unable to say whether or no the King interfered with the
franchises of the Barber-Surgeons, but think not, as no record of
such meddling is to be found in our books, though, doubtless, the
Court took care, remembering the rod in pickle, to govern in accordance
with the wishes of the King.
Some time in this year (1684) certain unquiet spirits, Surgeons
of our Company, got up a petition to the King, setting forth that the
union of Surgeons with Barbers hindered rather than promoted the end
for which the two bodies had been united, and praying the King to
incorporate the Surgeons a distinct and separate body. Nothing came
of this application beyond a reference (ordered by the King, 15th May,
1684) to the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and the Lord Chief
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 14-j
Justice of the King's Bench, who were directed to examine and report
upon the petition, but whether they ever did so or not, I don't know.
27th February, 1685. James II, in the first year of his reign,
granted us a Charter, which is contained on seven skins of parchment,
all of which have handsomely designed head-pieces and borders,
the first one having a fine portrait of the King as well ; only a frag-
ment of the great seal remains, and the charter itself is considerably
damaged, apparently by rats. It is in Latin, of great length, and,
like others granted to other companies at the period, is an "unreal
mockery." The Charter recites the " Surrender," and proceeds to
grant another charter in which, inter alia, the appointment of any
Master, Warden, Assistant, or Clerk should be subject to the approval
of the King, that all members of the Company should take the Oaths
of Supremacy and Allegiance, be in the Communion of the Church
of England and receive the Sacrament, and that no person who
frequented a conventicle should be eligible for the Livery.
4th April, 1687. The King having published a declaration,
allowing liberty of conscience to all his subjects, suspending and
dispensing with the penal laws and tests, and even with the Oaths
of Supremacy and Allegiance on admission into offices civil and
military, numerous addresses of thanks for this liberty were presented
to the King, among others the following one from our Company,
which is preserved in the " London Gazette" of 20th October, 1687.
The Humble Address of the Masters Governors Assistants
and Members of the Mystery and Commonalty of Barbers
and Surgeons of London.
May it please your Majesty
We having daily before our eyes the munificent Bounties of your Royal Brother
of Blessed Memory, and other Your Ancestors, and also that of your Majesties Gracious
Favour, in restoring to us our new Charter, we must be esteemed ever ungrateful and
undutiful Subjects, if we did not with all humility acknowledge the same.
U 2
14S cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
But we are in more especial manner bound to cast ourselves at Your Majesties
Feet, and return our most humble and hearty Thanks for Your late Declaration ; wherein
You are Graciously pleased to give us Your Royal Word, whereby we are protected in
the Profession and free Exercise of our Religion, and also in the Enjoyment of our
Liberties and Properties in Peace and Safety ; for which Your Gracious Condescension
and Goodness (as God hath made it our Duty), Your Majesty hath made it our Interest
duly to pray to the Divine Majesty for his Blessing upon your Royal Person, Family and
Government. And that after the enjoyment of a long and prosperous reign here, over
a Dutiful and Obedient People, You may receive an everlasting Crown in the World
to come.
And that it may be so, it shall be as it becomes us, the constant and utmost
endeavour, as well as the hearty Prayer of,
Dread Sir !
Your Majesties most humble, most Loyal,
and most obliged Subjects.
1688. Matters were now rapidly approaching a crisis with
James, who in vain, when too late, sought to conciliate the citizens
whom he had wronged. One of his acts of propitiation was the
redelivery to the Companies of the "surrenders" which they had
made of their franchises and charters in 1684. We have no note of
the date of the return of our surrender ; but it was towards the end of
November and within about a fortnight of the King's flight when this
tardy act of justice was done, and the Barber-Surgeons thus partly
restored to their ancient rights and privileges. The Bill of Rights
was shortly afterwards passed, the quo warranto declared illegal, and
all charters granted by Charles II and James II since the judgment on
the quo warranto, declared absolutely null and void, thus practically
reinstating the Guilds in statu quo ante.
28 July, 1690. Ordered that in pursuance of an order of the Comon Counsell
& Lord Mayor &c. that the Company advance towards the provideing one Rigiment of
Horse & one of Dragoone the sufiie of one hundred pounds.
cA mi als of the Barber-Surgeons. 14 c)
1699. Jealousies arose in the Company in consequence of the
more frequent election of Surgeons than Barbers, as Governors. The
By-Laws required that every year there should be two Barbers and
two Surgeons chosen (a Barber being defined to be any member who
did not practise Surgery). The Surgeons disregarding the law and
the old custom, seem to have been able to procure the election of an
undue number of members of their own craft to the offices of Master
and Wardens, whereupon certain of the Company filed an information
in the King's Bench against the Masters or Governors ; the Barbers
were successful, and having obtained a Mandamus, a fresh election took
place. This altercation between the Barbers and Surgeons was never
forgotten, and, indeed, helped to pave the way to further estrangement
and the absolute separation in 1745.
The following Minutes relate to these proceedings :
14th December, 1699. Ordered Mr. S'geant Wright Mr. S'geant Darnell Mr.
Coition Srgeant & Mr. Dee bee advised with upon the Informacon ag' the Govern"-
25th January, 1700. Ordered that the Cause ag1 the Govern'5 at the prosecueon
of the Barbers bee referred to S'geant Darnell & his opinion to bee taken & to p°ceed
thereupon, Mr. Oades Mr. Pleahill & Mr. Barnard to meet tomorrow at the raine bow to
attend him by five in the afternoone.
2nd May, 1700. Ordered Mr. Dee bee consulted concerning the Rule of
Court of King's Bench for a copy of the by laws &c. & to follow his advice &c. He
advised to give Copyes if required & not to oppose it.
nth May, 1700. Ordered that Mr. Srgeant Darnell have three guineys Mr.
Cornon Srgeant & Mr. Dee have two a peece given them for the Tryall of the Informacon
on Tuesday next & that all the Court of Assistants bee desired to bee there.
28th June, 1700. Ordered that nothing bee done in the Cause ag' the Company
untill the Mandamus be served & then the Comittee to meete.
4th July, 1700. A punitory Mandamus being served the last Court, Ordered
that on Tuesday next by two of the Clock in the afternoon there bee an eleccon of two
Wardens Expert in Barbery for the remainder of this yeare.
i jo c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
9th July, 1700. An election took place, with the result that
Mr. John Pinke and Mr. Richard Marks, both being Barbers, were
elected Wardens. Mr. Pinke was already a Warden, but the Mandamus
required two Barbers to be elected, and he was simply re-elected.
Mr. Marks took the place of Mr. Bartholomew King, Surgeon. The
Master, Mr. Lichfield, and the second Warden, Mr. James Wall, were
both Surgeons.
13th January, 1709. It was agreed that a new set of By-Laws
which had been settled by the Common Serjeant and Sir Edward
Northey should be presented to the Lord Chancellor, etc., for
confirmation, it being considered that the existing By-Laws were
defective in many parts, and that "good & wholesome Lawes were
the life strength & support of this Company."
6th April, 1709. A set of By-Laws of this date was confirmed.
They are comprised on thirteen great skins of parchment, and, like
previous ones, are far too voluminous, and indeed not of sufficient
interest, to warrant transcribing, being practically the former set with
sundry technical and minor alterations. There is a fine portrait of
Queen Anne on the first skin, and the Document is signed by William
Lord Cowper, Lord Chancellor, Sir John Holt and Sir John Trevor,
Lords Chief Justices, whose seals are pendant. These By-Laws were
brought into Court on 5th May, 1709.
13th January, 1709. The Court were informed that the Barbers
of the Company were in treaty with the Peruke Makers " of the other
end of the town," -about incorporating them into this Company, and
that they were endeavouring to procure an Act of Parliament to that
effect, whereupon the proposition was approved and leave given to the
Barbers to petition Parliament in the name of the Court.
a/1 minis of the Barber-Surgeons. 1^1
5th December, 1709. A petition was presented by sundry-
liverymen (Barbers) representing that Peruke making was an encroach-
ment upon the art of Barbery, and praying the Court to obtain an
Act of Parliament incorporating the Peruke Makers with the Barber-
Surgeons ; the petition was favourably received by the Court and a
Committee appointed, who met the next day and recommended the
proposed union, the Peruke Makers paying such fees as other
members of the Company paid.
24th December, 1 709. A petition for an Act was ordered
to be drawn by the Clerk and submitted to several eminent counsel
for their perusal.
9th January, 1710. Five hundred copies of the proposed Bill,
and a similar number of the reasons for the suggested incorporation,
were ordered to be printed ; but in the result nothing came of this
proposed union with the Peruke Makers.
25th August, 1 7 14. The following precept relating to the
Accession of George I was received :
To the Master and Wardens of , j>v THE ^ W0R
the Company of Barber Surgeons. I
Whereas it hath been resolved in Conion Councill y' if our most Gratious
Lord King George upon his comeing into this Kingdome be pleased to pass through
this his City of London, y' he shall be received by us & our fellow citizens with all the
Demonstrationes of Joy & affection as are suitable to our duty and Loyalty.
These are therefore to require you to have your Rayle Cloaths Standings
Banners Streamers Ensignes & other Ornaments of triumph belonging to your Company
in a readiness to sett up imeadiatly upon Notice y' shall be given you of the time & place
by any further precept & y' yor Cloaths Banners Streamers Ensignes & other ornaments
be fresh & Good & y' you forthwith send to all the Liverymen of yo' Company that they
be well & decently apparrelled in their best Cloaths is: Gowns to attend in their Standings
1^2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
y' so your Company may be ready (when required) to receive his Maj"c to his satisfacon
& the Honour of this City and thereof you are not to faile. Dated this 25,h day of
August, 17 14.
Gibson.
23rd December, 171 7. The Company having had great
difficulty in getting in some of their rents, and various of the houses
being empty, determined to sell their property in Mowse Alley,
East Smithfield, and in Butcher Row in St. Botolph's, Aldgate,
agreeing to convey the fee simple to Mr. Robert Finlay for ,£1,250.
And it is further ordered by this Court that till such time as the said sume
of 12501' can be laid out in a convenient purchase of houses or lands with the
approbation of the Court of Assistants, The same shall be forthwith placed out at
Interest by the Governors upon such Government or other Publick securitys as they shall
think fitt, But that the said sume of 1250'' or any part thereof shall never be expended
on the Company's common occacons or be any way lessened or broke into on any
account whatsoever.
17th April, 1 7 18. The following record was ordered to be
made of the " reasons " for disposing of this property :
The Estate in East Smithfield in eleven years time produced to the Company
above all disbursements relating thereto1 but ^28 15.1-. in the whole, Whereas the
annual interest of ,£1250 at 4 j? cent, is ^50.
Eleven years interest at ^50 fy ann. for ^1250 amounts to without computeing
Interest upon Interest ^550.
The Company have run behind hand for severall years by means of the great
sumes laid out upon this Estate.
Whoever goes backward every year must in time be undone.
The Estate is still in such a condition as to require a great suiiie of money to be
expended upon it in Repairing and Rebuilding in order to make it tenantable.
The Company had not money to lay out upon it.
1 But these disbursements had been very hea\y in the nature of repairs.
c/liwals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 53
If they had, the Estate is so scituated that there is no room to hope, even
in case the whole had been rebuilt (as it wants to be) that it would have answered
the laying out so much money.
And if the Company had let it upon building Leases The j?sent method
of building is so as to last exactly the term for which the Lease is taken, woud have put
the Company in the same condicon as they are now, when the term expired, besides loss
of Rent, & disputes with such Tenants in the mean time.
It was therefore thought better to dispose of the Estate.
Following are the details of negotiations with one or two
parties other than Mr. Finlay, and some curious particulars of the
Company's title to part of the Estate, which seems to have been
an equitable rather than a legal one, whereby the Court apprehended
some difficulty in disposing of it to another party from whom a
somewhat better price might have been obtained, and therein, under
the circumstances, showed themselves good men of business by
concluding with Mr. Finlay : we cannot however now, but regret
that this most valuable property should have passed from us for so
comparatively insignificant a sum. The purchase-money was laid out
in thirteen East India Bonds of ^ioo each.
7th April, 1730. Mr Serj' Uickins the Master of the Company informing
the Court, That he having the honour to be acquainted with the Right Honourable
The Earl of Burlington and with his Lordships most extraordinary genius and superior
judgment in Architecture, had taken the liberty to address himself to the said noble
Earl, and to make it his humble request to his Lordship that he would be pleased
to favour the Company with his opinion, in what manner it would be safest and best
to repair the anatomical Theatre built by the celebrated Inigo Jones about one
hundred years ago.
That his Lordship had thereupon condescended to take a view of the Theatre
and most obligingly directed the proper method of repairing a structure of so peculiar a
frame, and afterwards out of his accustomed generosity, and in regard to the memory
of that great Architect offered to defray the expence thereof.
X
/ 5 4 a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
It is thereupon resolved Nemine Contrabicente by this Court,
That the Master and Wardens of the Company together with the late Master
William Cotesworth Esq' be, and they are hereby desired forthwith to wait on the
Right Honrile The Earl of Burlington, and in the most gratefull manner to assure
his Lordship in the name of the whole Company
That they do receive this noble instance of his Lordships bounty and
generosity as a most distinguishing & illustrious mark of honour shown by his Lordship
to the Company & Profession.
And that this Court will take care so to record & transmitt the remembrance of
this magnificent action of his Lordship to their successors That the gratitude of the
Company to his Lordship's person and memory may be for ever preserved among them.
13th August, 1730. A marble Bust of the Earl of Burlington
was ordered to be set up in the Theatre.
27th April, 1739. "The Court taking into their consideracon
that several of their By-Laws, which had been confirmed by the
Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Justices for the time being, were
in want of alteration, by reason of the variation of the times and
circumstances of the Company and their Members since such By-Laws
were made, and several new By-Laws being also wanting for the
better government of the Company in times to come," It was ordered
that a Committee of six should consult and draw up fresh By-Laws,
to be submitted to a future Court of Assistants, but in the result no
action was taken.
1744. The long slumbering animosity between the Surgeons
and the Barbers had now reached a climax, and indeed it is a matter
of surprise that an union which had become grotesque should have
existed for as many years as it had. The Surgeons, many of whom
had attained to great eminence, naturally chafed under a system
which required their diplomas to be signed by Governors, two
of whom were always Barbers, or members of some trade or
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 155
profession other than that of a Surgeon, and with the rapid progress
of science and of surgical skill and knowledge, they felt their
alliance with the Barbers a restraint upon their advancement, as also
that the exercise of their profession under Charters and By-Laws,
antiquated in form, and more adapted to the times in which they were
framed, a hindrance rather than an incitement to further proficiency.
There is little in the records as to this disagreement, it being
tacitly agreed that neither side should place their arguments or
grievances in the books, which were their joint property.
20th December, 1744. This day the gentlemen on the Surgeons side having
made known at this Court their desire of being separated from the gentlemen on the
Barbers and that each may be made a distinct and independent Body free from each
other, and producing a Case intended to be offered to the Honourable House of
Commons praying such separation, which being read at this Court It was agreed that
the following gentlemen on the Barbers side viz1 —
M ■ Warden Negus Mr Parker Mr- Maurice Mr- Truelove and Mr Haddon.
& on the Surgeons side viz'- —
M'- Serj' Dickins Will'" Petty Esqr James Dansie Esqrc Mr- Freke and Mr- Sainthill
be a Committe appointed to meet on Monday next at the Kings Arms Tavern
in Saint Paul's Church Yard at one of the Clock at noon to receive the proposals from
the Gentlemen on the Surgeon's side for such Separation, and that when they had so
done that the Gentlemen on the Barber's side members of this Court should lay the
same before the Livery on their side, by a Meeting to be had for that purpose, and that
a Court of Assistants should be held on the Tenth day of January next, at which time
the Gentlemen on the Barber's Side Members of this Court, should then report their
opinion and assent or Dissent to such proposals made.
At the same time it was agreed that any Member of this Court should at any
time have the free liberty of examining and inspecting into the several Books and
writings belonging to this Company In case the same should be in the presence of
the Master or one of the Wardens but not otherwise, but no such Books or writings
be at any time removed from the Hall, on any account whatever unless by a special
order of this Court first had and obtained for that purpose.
X 2
/ 56 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ioth January, 1745. Pursuant to an Order of the last Court of Assistants
the gentlemen on the Barbers side Members of this Court, did this day make their
report on the proposals made by the gentlemen on the Surgeons side for a separation,
by Dissenting in general to such proposals made.
By the Journals of the House of Commons, 18 George II, it
appears that the Surgeons on 31st January, 1745, presented a petition
to Parliament, in which among other things they recited the Act,
32 Henry VIII, and also that Charles I in the 5th year of his reign,
by Letters Patent under the great seal confirmed the Barber Surgeon's Company
in their possessions and privileges and gave the Company power to make by-laws
and to constitute ten persons to be Examiners of Surgeons during their lives, and it was
thereby further granted that no person whether freeman foreigner native of England
or alien should practise Surgery in London or Westminster or within seven miles of
the City of London unless previously examined allowed and admitted by the Company
in manner therein mentioned ; and that the Surgeons so examined might practise in
any part of England ; and that the Masters and Governors of the said Company might
appoint and have a public lecture for the science of Surgery, for the better instruction
and information in the principles and rudiments of the art and science of Surgery,
and that no person exercising the art of Surgery within the limits therein mentioned
should go out or send any apprentice or servant from the Port of London to serve
in quality of a Surgeon for any ship without the approbation and allowance of the
said Company, in such manner and under such penalties as are therein mentioned.
That since the said Act for incorporating the two said Companies, those of the said
Company practising Surgery have from their sole and constant study of, and application
to the said science, rendered the profession and practice thereof of great and public
benefit and utility to this Kingdom, and that the Barbers belonging to the said
Corporation are now, and have been many years, employed in a business foreign to
and independent of the practice of Surgery ; and that the Surgeons belonging to the
same Corporation, being now become a numerous and considerable body, and finding
their union with the Barbers inconvenient in many respects and in no degree conducive
to the progress or improvement of the art of Surgery, are therefore desirous that the
Surgeons being freemen of the said Company, may be made a Corporation separate
and distinct from and independent of the Barbers of, and belonging to the said Company ;
and therefore praying the House to give leave that a bill may be brought in dissolving
and vacating the union and incorporation of the Barbers and Surgeons made by
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 57
the said former act ; and for making the Surgeons of the said Company a separate
and distinct Corporation ; and for making a partition and division of the real and
personal estate and effects of and belonging to the said united Company, unto and for
the separate benefit of the said two Companies so proposed to be separated, as to this
House shall seem meet and reasonable.
Whereupon it was ordered —
That the said petition be referred to the consideration of a Committee and
that they do examine the matter thereof, and report the same with their opinion
thereupon to the House.
A Committee was at once appointed with power to send for
persons, papers, and records.
On the 6th February the Barbers presented a Petition against
the proposed separation, and asked to be heard by counsel ; whereupon
it was ordered — ■
That the said petition be referred to the consideration of the Committee to
whom the petition of the Surgeons of London, whose names are thereunto subscribed, on
behalf of themselves and other the Surgeons in the City and suburbs of London is
referred : And that these petitioners the said Barbers, if they think fit be heard by their
Counsel before the said Committee according to the prayer of the said petitioners.
This petition of the Barbers to the House of Commons was
identical with a very scarce pamphlet " The Case of the Barbers," a
copy of which has been kindly given to me by Mr. D'Arcy Power, M.A.
It is full of interest, and will be found in Appendix E.
27th February, 1745. The Committee brought up their report,
which was read by the Clerk, and recited the various documents
produced and the evidence tendered ; among other matters it is stated
that Mr. John Hay ward, a Past Master, was examined and deposed,
that the Master (who every other year was a Barber) and the Wardens
present, sign the diplomas. That there are ten Examiners who have
/ 5 8 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
each half a guinea for their attendance, and the Master and Wardens
have the like. That he did not know that the presence of Barbers at
these examinations was any inconvenience, but he apprehended it
would be more eligible if the Master were always a Surgeon. That
the Barbers are generally present at the four public lectures of
Anatomy, two of which are at the expense of the Company, the other
two being at the expense of the Surgeons. That the Demonstrators
of Anatomy and Osteology are chosen by the whole Court of Assistants
(fifteen of whom are Barbers, and fifteen Surgeons). That he
apprehends the present union is the reason why so many persons
do not bind their sons apjDrentice at the Hall. He never knew of the
Barbers interfering in or giving interruption to examinations, and he
never heard any fact mentioned as a reason for the separation desired
by the Surgeons, except that a great many foreign brothers (who are
gentlemen that practise both in and out of town) refuse to come into
the Company on account of the present expense.
Being examined as to the money generally given to the Poor's
Box by Sea Surgeons at the time of their receiving a Qualification,
he said that it was always expected, but that if they are not in a
capacity it is not insisted upon, and that he never heard of any
person being denied a Qualification for refusing to pay it. That
the Qualification is delivered to the party sealed up, to be carried
to the Navy Office, and that the Master commonly signifies to him
what fees are expected ; that the said Box is examined every month,
and about nine-tenths of the money distributed by the Master and
Wardens, among the poor of the Barbers.
Being asked what proportion the Barbers pay to the Poor's Box,
he said that the greatest part of the income applied to that use arises
from the examination of Sea Surgeons, but that the Apprentices of
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 159
Barbers (who are as twenty to one) always pay when bound at the
Hall, and at their admission to the freedom, as well as the Surgeons.
Mr. Hay ward put before the Committee a statement of the
fines received by the Company, which was as follows —
For Freedom by purchase
,, Livery fine, and all Offices to the
Parlor door -
,, Examination for great Diploma
,, The fine for not serving the four
several offices of Master and the
three Wardens, which the Sur-
geons often pay, but the Barbers
never do, sometimes 30 guineas
but oftener - - - - 40 o o 40
,, The fine for Master and Stewards of
Anatomy when called upon in turn
(and if they serve, the expense is
rather greater) - - - - 40 o o
Surgeon;
£ s.
d.
B
£
arber
s.
s.
10 10
0
6
6
0
35 0
0
25
0
0
6 6
0
^131 16 o £71 6
The Clerk's and Beadle's fees are not included in the above.
Mr. Joseph Wheeler, the Clerk of the Company, was examined
by the Committee, and generally confirmed Mr. Hay ward's evidence.
The next witness, Mr. Neil Stewart, was evidently called in
the interest of the Surgeons, to show the inconvenience which had
arisen (in his case at all events) by reason of the warrants being issued
by the "Barbers and Surgeons." He deposed that he was surgeon
i6o oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
to H.M.S. The Looe, and, being taken prisoner by the French, was
put in the common prison at Brest, where he petitioned to be removed
to an open hospital at Dinan, and enclosed his warrant as a surgeon
with his petition to the French authorities ; some days after, he
enquired of the " Linguist " as to the success of his petition, and
was informed that " the Superintendent did not know by his warrant
whether he (the witness) was a Barber or a Surgeon : that upon his
desiring the linguist to read the warrant, by which it would appear
he was a surgeon, the linguist replied that it might be so, but that if
the witness had been taken on board one of the King of Great
Britain's ships it would have been out of doubt." This witness further
stated that he believed the unfavourable notice which was taken of
his petition was because his warrant came from the Masters of the
Barbers and Surgeons.
With reference to the gift of Edward Arris the Court minutes of
29th February, 1675-6 were produced which stated that " Mr. Edward
Arris a very worthy member of this Company having formerly
settled by Deed .£30 a year for a dissection of a body yearly and
Reading on the Muscles, desired that deed might be delivered up to
him," and he in return would pay the Company ^510 to enable them
to apply the interest to the same purposes, which was agreed to.
Mr. Arris dying on the 28th May, 1676, the Company soon became
involved in a Chancery suit with his son, Dr. Thomas Arris, and the
Court minutes of 20th January, 1677-8 were produced and read
to the Committee. These set forth the answer which the Company
filed to the Bill of Complaint before the Master of the Rolls, and
stated the circumstances referred to in the minutes of 29th February,
1675-6, and that Mr. Arris gave as his reason for this "That his
only son and heir, the now Doctor, had and did then receive the
profits of the said lands to his own use upon condition and under
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 161
promise to pay the said ,£30 per annum for the said Dissection ; but
he found that he did never pay one penny of it, or ever would do,
when he their benefactor was dead, without trouble or suit ; with
some severe and sharp expressions, which we will by no means
mention, although they were the very words of the father spoken
of the son."
The answer goes on to express the hope that the Company will
not be compelled to enter into any further covenant with Dr. Arris
than they had done with his father their "pious benefactor," for the
carrying out of the trust, or be ordered to refund the ^510 to
Dr. Arris. It also prayed that he might be ordered to pay the
costs of "this troublesome and unnecessary suit, which doth so
much shew what they must expect from him hereafter, if they should
part with the .£510." As the Company retained the .£510 till the
separation in 1745, there is no doubt but that Dr. Arris, as he
deserved to do, lost his suit.
Various extracts from the Company's books were read, on
behalf of the Barbers, to show that the united Company had always
assisted the Surgeons, and promoted the cause and interest of Surgery
out of the common fund of the Barbers and Surgeons.
Part of the Will of Robert Ferbras, Citizen and Surgeon,
dated 2nd December, 1470,1 was read, whereby it appeared that
several estates formerly belonging to the said Company, were given
to the Barbers before their union with the Surgeons in Henry VIII's
time. And a declaration of Bryan Sandford, dated 8th March, 1490,
was read, whereby it appeared that the site of the Hall was purchased
by the Barbers before the said Union.
1 But see p. 61 as to this Will. I cannot explain the discrepancy.
162 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The Committee of the House of Commons reported that
they had recommended the parties to settle the dispute as to the
division of the property between them, and that thereupon the
Surgeons had proposed that they should have given up to them
Dr. Gale's Annuity of ,£16 per annum and Alderman Arris' gift of
^"510; also that for about three years until the Surgeons could
provide themselves with suitable premises, they should have the
use of the Hall, Theatre, &c, at a nominal rent of one guinea
per annum.
The Barbers agreed to give up Gale's and Arris' gifts, but
proposed that the Surgeons should take a lease for such days in
the year as they commonly used the premises, at ^80 per annum,
and pay the Barbers .£100 towards the expenses to which they had
been put by this suit in the Parliament.
In the result the Committee reported: — (a) That the Surgeons
had made good the allegations of their petition. (6) That the proposed
separation was desirable, (c) That the propositions of the Surgeons
touching the division of the property were reasonable.
Subsequently the Bill passed both Houses and received the
Royal Assent, the quaint union being dissolved 25th June, 1745.
By this Act (18 Geo. II) the Surgeons were erected into a
separate Corporation, and the Barbers were re-incorporated under
the style of " The Master, Governors and Commonalty of the
Mystery of Barbers of London." So much of this Act as relates
to the Barbers will be found in the Appendix F.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
16
j
The first Court of Assistants of " 1§E§e ^SctrGers' @ompam? '
was held on the 25th June, 1745, at 10 a.m., and there were present :—
Mr. Jonathan Medley
Mr. Humphry Negus -
Mr. William Parker.
Mr. John Barnwell.
Mr. John Truelove.
Mr. William H addon.
Mr. John Negus.
Mr. Edward Boxley.
Assistants.
\
Master.
Second Governor.
Mr. Samuel Rutter.
Mr. Robert Scrooby.
Mr. Richard Switiiin.
Mr. Edward Colebeck.
Mr. Togarmah Jones.
Mr. John Gurney.
The Act of Separation being read, and the Oaths as formerly
required to be taken by Freemen, Master, Warden, Assistant,
Clerk, and Beadle being also read and considered, the Court
settled and formulated the various Oaths, and the same are entered
in the Minutes.
The Election of nine fit and able persons to be Assistants was
then proceeded with, and Mr. William Jackson, Mr. John Bearblock,
Mr. Will1"- Roberts, Mr. Thomas Cotton, Mr. John Whiting, Mr.
Richard Lookes, James Theobald, Esqre., Peter Theobald, Esqre., and
Mr. John Pepys, were unanimously elected.
Mr. Edward Boxley and Mr. Samuel Rutter were chosen third
and fourth Governors or Wardens.
Thanks were voted to Mr. Jonathan Medley and Mr. Humphry
Negus "for their great care in defending and preserving the Rights
Priviledges and property of this Company on their Separation from
the Surgeons."
y 2
164 zA mi als of the Barber-Surgeons.
Thanks were also voted to Mr. John Paterson " for his great
care and diligence in executing the orders and directions of the Master
and Governor about the defence and preservation of the rights
priviledges and property of the Company " and to further mark their
sense of the same, the Court unanimously elected Mr. Paterson
as Clerk.
The two Beadles, Henry Gretton and William Littlebury
were re-elected.
It was ordered that all Charters, Books, Plate and goods
belonging to the Company, then in the custody of Mr. Joseph
Wheeler (the late Clerk) should be delivered to Mr. Paterson, who
was to make and sign an Inventory of the same, and also to examine
Mr. Wheeler's accounts, and report thereon to the Court.
The Common Seal was directed to be altered by omitting the
words Et Chirurgorum and by adding Anno MDCCXLV.
A Committee was appointed to peruse the By-Laws of the late
United Company, and to report as to which of them required amend-
ment or were fit to be repealed or added to.
8th August, 1 75 1. Mr. John Brooks attended and produced
a Deed to which he requested the subscription of the Court ; this deed
recited that by an Act of Parliament passed in the 10th year of
Queen Anne, it was enacted that a duty of 2d. per lb. should be laid
upon all starch imported, and of id. per lb. upon all starch made
in Great Britain, that no perfumer, barber, or seller of hair-powder
should mix any powder of alabaster, plaster of Paris, whiting, lime,
etc. (sweet scents excepted), with any starch to be made use of for
making hair-powder, under pain of forfeiting the hair-powder and ^50,
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 165
and that any person who should expose the same for sale should
forfeit it and ,£20. Also that by further Acts additional duties were
laid upon starch. And by an Act passed in the 4th year of George II
the penalties were somewhat mitigated. " And whereas the said laws
with respect to hair-powder have by experience been found not to
answer the end proposed by the Legislature, the sum arising by the
said duties upon starch and hair-powder having gradually lessened,
whilst the fair traders have been great sufferers by the practice of
those who by the greatness of the duty have attempted to make vend
or use the said prohibited articles. And whereas the trade or business
of making vending or dressing of Perukes or other Ornaments
of hair for the head and also of cutting and dressing the hair of the
head being considered as distinct from the business of Barbers is under
no regulation whatever," etc., the parties whom Mr. Brooks repre-
sented (and whose names were signed to the deed) had, therefore,
agreed to join in an application to Parliament for reducing the duties
on hair-powder, as also for incorporating all persons carrying on the
trade of Barbers and Peruke-makers within the Bills of Mortality,
into one joint Corporation or Body politick, and for restraining
persons from exercising those trades who had not served seven years'
apprenticeship.
It was stated that subscriptions towards defraying the costs
of the proposed Bill had been paid to Messrs. Gosling & Bennett,
Bankers in Fleet Street, that John Paterson, Esq., Clerk of the
Company, was Solicitor for the Bill, and Mr. John Brooks was
Secretary of the Petitioners.
The Court, having considered the application, decided to
contribute Twenty Guineas, but the matter seems to have been
in abeyance for eighteen months, as the petition to the House
1 66 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of Commons was not sealed by the Company until the 7th
January, 1753.
13th January, 1753. The petition was this day presented and
is recorded in the Journals of the House ; it states, among other
things, that the Company " are in danger of being unable to support
themselves and that the petitioners who exercise the art of Peruke
making in the liberties and neighbourhood of the said City are not
a body corporate, nor under any order or regulation ; for want whereof
great frauds are practised in the said manufacture to the discourage-
ment of the fair trader, and manifest injury of the consumer, And
therefore praying the House that leave may be given for the bringing
in a Bill for incorporating the Peruke makers as well within as
without the liberties of the City of London, and within such distance
thereof as the House shall think fit, with the said petitioners" — the
Barbers' Company. This petition was referred to a Committee, but no
report of that Committee is entered in the Journals.
4th December, 1 764. The Peruke makers turned up again
in 1764, for we find in the Minutes that certain of them attended with
the draft of a petition to the King, to which they asked the assent
of the Court. This petition which strangely commenced " We the
Company of Barbers and Peruke makers" stated that the suppliants
laid before his Majesty the distresses into which the Peruke makers
had fallen by reason of the change of fashion, and thus appeals to the
King, " Where can we look for relief but there only where it is
to be found, for as the Fashion your Majesty approves will very justly
be a pattern to your subjects, We most humbly hope not to be too bold
in wishing Perukes may soon be as much in fashion as the wearing of
hair is at present, which will increase the Revenue, give happiness to
the indigent and distressed Peruke makers, and increase the many
c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons.
i6y
great unmerited Favours, We as a Company have received from
Royal Hands ! "
16th January, 1765. The Court took this ridiculous petition
into consideration, and of course refused to adopt it, informing the
suppliants that they were concerned to observe the decay in their trade,
as it was connected by usage with that of Barbery, but as the Charters
of the Company did not extend to Peruke making, the Court could not
with propriety address his Majesty on the subject.
THE COMMITTEE ROOM, BARBERS' HALL.
EXTRACTS FROM COURT MINUTES, ETC.,
MORE PARTICULARLY RELATING TO THE
INTERNAL HISTORY OF THE COMPANY.
29th August, 1550. "gRiemovarxbum the xxix"' day of Auguste in the house
belonging to the sayd Company it was condescended and fully agreed by the aforesayed
Mr and Wardeins Mr Geen Thomas Johnson Thomas Stocdall and Mathew Johnson
w' thassent of thassistance being there present that is to say Mr Kyrken (Kyrkeby)'
Mr Vycary2 Mr Bancks3 Mr Byrde4 Mr Yonges Mr Henderbe6 Robert Postell7 Willm TylT
(Tylley)8 Peter Dayseman9 Robert Waterforde10 Richard Bowll" Henry Pemberton'2
Robert Sprignell'3 Robert Brownell'4 John Smythe'5 Willm Otherborne'6 and Austeyn
Clarck."
An order That Thomas Knot shalbe dischardged and not called to no manner of
concernin&re office unto such tyme that it shall please the mrs to agree for Another
Thomas Knot, order. And also that he shall not paie no maner of scott lot nor subsedye
nor any other chardge concerning the saied Crafte but shalbe dischardged of and
from the same Ecept onelie his quarterage and except that which he shall gyve &
paye of his owne fre will and gentelnes.
An order for JUsoo yt was ordered and agreed the sayd daye by the hole assistaunce that
the eleccon of , . , ,, ...... r . . , . .
the Maister. the maister shall put in iujor into his bill for his electyon and so the
same byll to goo through the house and every man to prycke as his mynde doth
serve him w"'out any telling and when every man hathe pricked about the house then
Master 1526, 1533. " M. 1530, etc. 3 M. 1532.
Warden 1544. 9 W. 1546. '' W. 1547. '» W.
" M. 1563. '' W. 1547. '
1 M. 1542, 1545. 5 M. 15-14. * M. 1547.
1549. " M. 1553- 1! W. 1539. " M. 1554.
W. 154S. '• W. 1554.
17° cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
the byll to be brought to the Mr And he that hath the moste pricks to have the
roome of Mr the yeare ensuynge. The names of the ellecyon for the Mr was Mr Geen
Richard Ferres Robert Postell and Willfn Tylle.
An order for Alsoo for the elleccyon of the upper wardein he shall put iiijor names into
onhe^pper ^is ^' anc* s0 t0 »00 through the house like as the Mr Byll -hath dooen.
wardein. The names for the elleccyon for upper wardein was Thomas Johnson,
Richard (The remainder of this line is torn away in original).
An order for Alsoo for the Elleccyon of the Seconde Wardein he shall put in iiijor names
theEieccon m n;s j^jj an(j so t0 g00 tilr0Ugh the house like as is before mencyoned.
Wardein. The names for the Elleccyon was Thomas Stocdall, John Atkinson, John
Smyth and Thomas Knot.
For the Alsoo for the Elleccyon of the youngest wardein he shall put iiijor into his
Eleccyon of g jj an(j so tQ through the house like as before. The names for
the youngest ' ° °
Wardein. the Elleccyon are Mathew Johnson, John Tholmoode, Richard Elliot
and John Shryffe.-
ioth Sept., 1 55 1. It was ordered that —
An order that ^he second Wardein shall receyve all maner of Receite as fynes quartras*
the Seconde _ J ' ^
Wardein shall for prentises, for fremen and all other casualtyes \vhatsoevr yt be. And he
fynes quar- to Pa>'e a's0 a^ maner OI wage, And the Bedyll to have a booke of all
trage and suche receitte and dischardge as the seconde wardein hathe for his
casualtyes. dischardge.
Also yt ys agreed that the younger wardein shall receyve nothing but onely the
Rents of the Londes, and to see reparacons dooen where as nede shall requyer and that
he shall take Appulton1 wft him when he goeth to receyve the rentes of the Londes so
that bothe there books may agree.
4th Nov., 1 55 1. It was agreed —
That there shalbe allowed in goyng and searching of their Londes vjs viij^
Ordered —
That John West shall bring in his fyne which ys vjs viijd for speking opprobryous
wordes against John Androwson in the presence of the Mrs-
1 The Beadle.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 7 /
17th Nov., 1 55 1 . It was ordered —
That the Kings maiestyes Barbor or Barbors to his highness parson And also his
mats Surgeon or Surgeons shall sytt next to the Last Mr upon the bcnche where as the
M" nowe usually doo sytt and alsoo shall goo next to the Mrs in all goyngs and syttings.
It was ordered that no Barber should take a "foreigner" as
journeyman and set him to work, before presenting him to the Master
and Wardens, under a penalty of 3^. \d. per week.
This order was made because many foreigners {i.e., non-freemen)
who were inexpert had lately come into the City, and the Court
directed that each foreigner should give proof of his skill, and then
that he should remain for one year only and in one service, and no
Barber was to pay a foreigner higher wages than the Masters should
from time to time " sess " or determine under a penalty of 135. \d.
for " every weke so offending." The Beadle was directed to keep
a register book of all foreigners for the year, and when the year
was expired, the Barber who kept a foreigner and was minded to
keep him longer was to come to the Hall within fourteen days to
have him re-registered under a penalty of 35. \d. per week. And no
Barber was to " entyce or envegyll any mans servant from him upon
peyne of forfeyting for a fyne xiijs- iiij'1"
The Court fixed the wages of these men as follows —
The best jorneyman that is a forrein shall have for a weke xijd- the second xd-
and the thurde as the sayd Mrs- shall thinke meate & convenyente.
17th November, 1 55 1 . It was ordered that the youngest
Warden should be chosen out of the Livery and that he should be —
in especcyall one that hathe byn stewarde so that he be a man that hath usyed
himself in that behalf honestleye and discretly.
z 2
1 7 2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
It was also ordered that all freemen should come every quarter
day to the Hall to pay quarterage, hear the rules read, and to hear
the book set forth by the Corporation of London concerning Orphans,
and no man was to sit out of his appointed place, under a penalty.
17th July, 1553. It was ordered that Mr. John Enderby
(Master 1547) —
shall have the benevolense of the crafte fewer marks a yere.
20th September, 1553. The Masters agreed with Richard Drewe —
For a barge when the Mayer goeth to Westm0 for Twentie sixe shillings and
eighte pence.
1 2th August, 1554. Being Election day it was agreed that at
the choosing of the Masters —
There shalbe a solempe masse1 or other dyvyne servyce sayd and songe that the
Mrs- be choessen and the hole lyverye to be therat in their best clothing and to meete at
the hall at or before the hower of ix of the clocke and he that fayleth his hower to paye
xijd for his fyne w'out any redempcyon or gayne sayeing. The sayed masse2 to be at the
chardgs of the Companye.
1st Oct., 1555. The following Articles were agreed upon by
the Court —
I. There shall no man ffreeman fforyner or straunger of the Clothinge or w'out
the clothing shave wasshe a Bearde or tryme any man wth any Instrumet as to make
cleane teathe upon the Sondayes within the Cytie of London or withoute in his owne
house or in any mans house or chamber or in any place els he shall forfayete at every
tyme beinge duely proved for a fyne to the hall the some of xls- And further that no
fforyner being no ffreman shall carry out any Bason or clothe or Instrumet to make
cleane teathe to shave poll or wasshe a bearde or to tryme any man but w'in the Lybertye
where he dwellethe But w'in the Cytie of London he shall not tryme any man at no
dayes w'in anye of their howses or in any place els w'in the Cytie upon payne to lose at
every tyme beinge duely proved for a fyne to the hall xl5,
1 The word " masse " has been subsequently erased.
2 " Masse " has been subsequently erased, and "s'rvice " substituted.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ijj
II. That Apulton the Beadle of the Clothing was to be the
Clerk, and that the Beadle of the Yeomanry was to help the Clerk at
coronaeon tyme or at other greate tryumphes when any other greate man
cometh in or when the kinge or quene comen through the Cytie.
III. That whenever the Shreif be chosein or the Mayor or the burgesses of the
parlyamet or upon the kings or queenes comlg into the Cytie or any other greate man
comyth in or upon any other greate truymphe whereapon comaundement ys geven by the
Mayor of London to the sayed Company of the Clothinge of Barbors and Surgeons to
geve their attendaunce Then the hole Company of the Clothinge to meete at our owne
hall of Barbors and Surgeons in our owne lyverye all to gether fyrste, and afterwards to
gooe out of the hall two and two together as of olde tyme yt hathe been used, and when
the Mayor goeth to poules' then the Mr and governors to gooe throughe out Wood streate
to poules w,h the rest of the Company of the Clothinge. And that Mr and governors
that dothe not this shall forfaycte for a ffyne to the hall vj" xiif iiijd And they of the
Clothing that dothe not come to the hall firste but will meete us at the place where we
shalbe appointed to stande and to remayn and dothe not kepe his hower shall loose for
a ffyne in the hall at every tyme so offending iijs iiijd Provyded alwayes yf the Mayor gooe
not to poules at the Mayors ffeaste Alhollande daye xpemas daye twelves daye and
Candlemas daye In what streets we doo gooe throughe yt be not throughe Wood streate
yt shall not be prejudycyall to the master and governors of the Company for the tyme
being.
IV. It was ordered that Apprentices, before being presented,
should pay 2s. 6d. fine, also Srt'. to the Clerk for drawing the
Indentures.
8th October, 1555. Further ordinances were framed, viz': —
I. That at all sittings of the Court when any business was
discussed the Members should speak to the subject in order of
seniority, and any one interrupting or speaking out of turn was to
pay nd. fine. The Beadle also was to stand without the door, in
the Hall, and there to give his attendance whenever the Master
should knock for him.
1 St. Pauls.
i j 4 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
II. That there should be an Armourer with a yearly fee
of \os., and —
for the same he shalbe bounde to make cleane our harneys w"' daggers gunnes
armyng swords and bills and with all other things that doethe appertayne to an Armorer
for to doo in mending of buckells lethers or any other thinge which dothe appertayne
to that whiche we nowe have.
III. When the Master and Governors should go to view their
lands and tenements to see the state of repair, the Bricklayer was to
go with them to advise and to have a fee of " ijs and his dynnar."
IV. This relates to the Clerk (see Clerk).
V. That a Minute book be kept to record all the orders
made at any Court, and that such orders be read at the next Court
and signed.
VI. That no freeman shall serve a foreigner under a penalty
of 135 4^. for every time so offending, and any foreigner taking a
freeman to serve with him should be fined 26s. Sd.
19th November, 1555. John Demynge, "Cowper1 & ffre
denysen," was granted a lease of a house belonging to the
Company at St. Katherine's, Tower Hill, at £2 per annum for
thirty years, with a fine of £\ on sealing the lease and a " barrell
of doble beare."
26th November, 1555. Thomas Glynton, Goldsmith, was to
have a lease of the house in Tower Street, where he then dwelt, for
30 years from Christmas, 1555, no rent stated, but a fine of £\o to
be paid on sealing the lease.
1 Cooper.
oAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 775
5th March, 1556. Several further Ordinances and awards were
made by the Court, among which were the following : —
I. That the Masters and Governors should not let the Hall to
anyone to —
daunce or use anye other kynde of games els whereby the sealinge or other
things being broken in the hall or kitchen shall redowne to the losse of the Company
Yf therefore the sayed Mr and governors for the tyme being doo let out the hall to any
bodye to thentent aforesayde w'out the consent of the hole howse to be called for the
same they should forfeit and pay etc.
IV. The ffourthe Artycle is that if any of the Lyverye or of the yomanrye come
to sesse any man being a jornye man to serve him as the order is that he taketh id for a
yere or ijd for ij yere That his Mr shall not put him awaye at his pleasure as many now
a dayes do, but he shall complayne to the Mr and Governors for the tyme of the
demeaner usuage and evell behaveor of the sayed Journyman for noen kepinge of his
M" howse all the weke daye by reason wherof he dothe lose his custom's or that he
goeth out at his pleasure and come in at his will againe w'out asking of any leave of his
Mr or mysteris wcl1 pertayneth not to a servaunte for to doo for theyse consyderacons and
other the mr maye complayne. The Jornyman lykewise may complayne of his Mr yf that
he doo not paye him his wages and to have his meate and dryncke as Jornymen shoulde
have according to the agremet of bothe the partyes as the Mr and the Jornyman shalbe
at a pointe when he cometh to sesse any Jornymen because that if the Jornyman doo
not his dewtye that he may be punysshed and put in prison to thentent that Jornymen
may be kept in good order otherwise then they be nowe. And that the M* and gov'nors
for the tyme being shall declare to the Jornyman what is his dewty to his M' when he
dothe come to be seste to thentent that he shall knowe his dewtye to his Mr and if he
doo not the same then he knoweth the pryce. And agayne to declare to the Jornyman
what his Mr shall doo to him, as to paye his wages mete and dryncke and other things
that a Jornyman oughte to have. Yf any of the Clothinge or of the yomanrye put awaye
his Jornyman before his yere or yeres come out and not declaring the matter to the Mr
and governors [he] shall forfaycte at every tyme so doinge for a ffyne to the hall vjs viiijd-
And that all ffremen being Journymen may be preferred and taken, being a workman
before any fforyner duynge his dewty to his Mr as is aforesayed because we are bounde to
preferre the ffremen wch beare scot and lot to the Cytye and company wch the Jornymen
doo not being forryners but come out of the contrye to Iearne there scyence here and so
after warde goo away agayne wch is not to the welth of the Companye.
ij6 cAimals of the Barber-Surgeons.
VII. No Liveryman was to presume to come into the parlour,
whilst the Court was sitting, without being sent for.
VIII. Freemen were not to put away apprentices to make room
for others by whom they might get money.
IX. Two Stewards for the Anatomy were to be chosen
every year.
X. The Clerk having claimed to provide the napery and
vessells, and to appoint the Cook for the Anatomy dinners, alleging
an old custom to that effect, it was ordered that he should not again
do so as he had aforetime for a " lytle lucer of moneye," but that the
Stewards of the Anatomy should make their own provision and "dresse
there meate clenly and honestlye because of worshipfull men comyng
thereunto," and if the Clerk again offended he was to " paye to the
hall for a fyne his half yeres wages wch is xs- "
XII. The Twelve Article is that if Olyver Wilson dothe hereafter speake
evill of the Mr and governors and thassistaunce of the clothinge or of any of the
yomanrye as heretofore he hathe dooen wch by profe hathe been tryed and therfore
hathe been punnished in pryson, yf ever hereafter he dothe the like he to be expelled.
Note. — In all cases penalties or punishments were specified
for breach of the foregoing ordinances.
5th March, 1556. William Goodwin, Merchant Taylor, leased
to the Company for 99 years " all the houses next the hall wth the
house of the prevy w'in the hall for yj1' vjs viijd " per annum, the
Company to keep the premises in repair.
27th June, 1556. Arnold Tymes, " beare brewer," had a lease
of a " gardein lying in easte Smithefelde " for 40 years, paying \2(i. for
an earnest penny, and to pay at the sealing of the lease £\, and at
the Audit day other £4.
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. lyj
9th July, 1556. John More, Cordwainer, and Richard Wiston,
had leases of houses in St. John's, Walbrook, for 30 years from
Midsummer, and about this period there are several other notices
of leases for 30 years having been granted of property in East
Smithfield, Holborn Bridge, and Mugwell Street.
22nd July, 1556. An order was made : —
That there shalbe a painter belonge to the hall, and he to have a pencon
yerely of vjs viij'1 by the yere to be payed at fower tymes of the yere and for the same he
shall make cleane all the paintinge w'in the hall bothe above and benethe as the Tables
in the hall and other things and in the gardein every qiHer of a yere if it so neede : and
to amend faults where there ys anye at his owne proper costs and chardgs as is afore
declared.
26th August, 1557. It was ordered that Mrs. Dawson, the
Widow of one Bryckett —
a Toothe drawer shall paye no quartryge to the hawle nor hange oute any
signe or clothe \v'h teethe as she hearetofore hath don.
1 2th October, 1557. John West was discharged out of this howse bycawse
he wold not abyde ye order of ye M' & gov'nors and one Asheton had lycence to
arest hym.
Various entries occur about this period of freemen being
brought before the Court and punished for using " obrobrious worcles."
9th November, 1557. It was ordered that Robert Postell
(Warden 1544) should have a "yerely anewitie oute of thys
howse " of 40s-
A freeman before "setting up shop" was required to procure
the testimony of one or more citizens that he was worth 10 marks, and
to obtain a licence from the Court ; there are numerous examples
in point, e.g. : —
16th November, 1557. Heare was before the Mr and Gov'nors Rychard Lynley
and he had Lycece to sett up hys shoppe and one Johan Coale of the Cytie of London
2 A
iyS cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Cytizen and Clothwoorcker Deposed that the sayd Rychard ys worthe and valued
of hys proper owne vj1' xiijs iiijd'
23rd November, 1557. Licence was granted to William
Thomlyn —
To drawe teethe and to make cleane teethe and no more and he ys so admytted
a brother into thys howse but not yet sworne and he hathe payde xs and rest other ten
shyllings he wyll brynge in as sowne as he can.
nth January, 1558. The same daye Tyndall ye Armorer is dysmyst & shall
have no more his fee oute of this howse bycawse he gave none attendance whan or
soldyers wer sett oute to calyce' & John gamlyn is admytted armorer & he to have
ye same fee y' tyndall had y' is to saye by the yere xs
19th April, 1558. My lady Aylyff gave a fyne table cloth of damaske worcke
to srve for the uppermost table in the hawle the wch of her jentyllness she gave frely
unto this hawle.
22nd November, 1558. An order was made against John John
that he should pay 6s. to William Bourne for " ij Barbores potts"
which he had lost.
1566. The second volume of Court Minutes contains a long
list of " Lawes Actes and Ordenances " enacted by the Court in
1566, but as many of these are not of sufficient interest to warrant
transcribing, the headings of such will only be given here.
1. An order to avoied grudg or displeasure for the eleccon.
This was that no one was to " fynd fault " with the election of
Master or Governors if the persons so elected should at any time
be chosen out of their turn.
2. An order that solempne service be saied one the day of Eleccon.
Also yt is ordayned that the Mr and gov^noures of the saied mystery for the
tyme beinge yerelye uppon the daye of eleccon of the newe Mr and governoures shall
cause Devine service solempnely to be kepte at the churche therefore to be appoynted.
1 Calais.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ijqj
And that the whole company of the Clothinge or Lyverye of the said ffellowshippe shall
p sonallye be present at the same yf there be no Lawful 1 and reasonable cause of Absence
to be allowed of by the Mr and governors of the sayed mysterye uppon payne that
whosoev0 absenteth hym self shall for evr'y suche default paye xijd- The said service
to be at the charges of the common Boxe.
3. An order ffor the allowance of the Dynner one the daye of Eleccon.
This directed that ,£13 6.v. 8d. should be allowed yearly towards
the Election Dinner out of the common box.
4. An order that y° Clothing shall bring home the Mr & gov'nors in their LyVyes.
Also yt is also ordayned y' uppon the day of the Eleccon of the newe Mr and
governoures of the saied mysterye After that they shall be chosen and that suche of
them as be present have taken their othe that then they and every off them shalbe
had home unto their howses with the Lyvery or Clothinge and their hoodds uppon
their shoulders accordinge unto an ould custome heretofore used.
5. An order howe ev°y man shall behave hym self in the Court tyme.
This relates to the order in which the members of the Court
shall speak upon any debated point ; the Master to speak first, the
Upper Governor next, and so on down to the junior Assistant, and, in
the event of the Court being equally divided, the Master to have the
casting vote.
6. An order that ev°ye one of thassistaunce shall come to all courts of Assist5-
7. An ordre against the Lettinge out of the Hall.
The Hall was not to be used or let out for "weddings sportes
or games therein or playes or dauncinge or for any other like entente,"
but by permission of the Court.
8. An ordre that yc Mr and upper governor shall quarterlye take accompte of the
youngre gov'no'-
9. An order that ye younger govV shall quarfly make an accompte to the Mr
& uppr govVior.
2 A 2
180 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
io. An order concernynge the younger govYior his receipts & payments and to
see all repacons' done.
ii. An order concerninge the Secound gov°nors receiptes and payments.
12. An ordre concernynge ye examynacon of such as shall be admytted Surgeons.
No one was to be examined for admission to practise Surgery
but in the Common Hall, and in the presence of at least three
Examiners and one or more of the Masters or Governors.
13. An order that everie man of the said company shall abide the ordre and
award made by the Mr and governors.
14. An order that no pacient be brought unto the hall one ye Court dayes.
15. An order for chosenge Mrs and Stewards of thannothomye.
There shall be chosen yerelye for ever two Masters and twoe Stewardes for the
Anathomyes and that those twoe whiche were Stewardes the one yere shalbe Masters of
The Anathomies the nexte yere ensewinge To thende that thereby yt maybe betf? knowne
howe to wourke and make the same.
16. An order concerninge the Anathomyes.
This provided that all anatomies, whether public or private
should be made at the Hall and "that all private Anathomyes shall
reverently from hensforth be buryed as publick Anathomyes ar for
the worshippe of the said mysterye, any skelliton to be made onelye
excepted."
17. An order that none supplant or take anothers cure from him one paine
of v1'-
18. An order that none take any app''ntice for Surgerie but that he can write
& reade.
19. An order how many s'Vnts ev'y man may kepe.
No liveryman was to keep more than four apprentices or
servants working in his art, and no freeman more than three.
' Reparations (of the Company's houses).
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 181
20. An order that none use eny mannr of Barbory on Sundayes.
Yt is ordayned that none of the said mysterye usinge any mann of Barberye
shall uppon any sondaye shave wasshe poule or trymme any manne
or wth any Instrum' to make cleane teeth either w'hin his howsse or in any other place
elles where privelye or appartlye uppon payne of forfeture of xls-
21. An order that none doe make any shewe of Barborye one Sonndais or
other holy days.
This provides that Barbers shall not " hange upp set or put out
any bason or basons pott or potts uppon his poule Racke shoppe
windowes or otherwise " on Sundays or holy days, and is the earliest
mention of the " Barbers' pole" in our Books.
22. An order that assistaunts maye be made nev beinge any Governor.
23. An order that none being out of thassistants com into the plor except he
be called.
24. An order that no courte of Assistaunce be houlden one the tuesdayes.
Tuesdays were set apart for Lectures and for the ordinary or
Monthly Courts ; no reason is given why Courts of Assistants should
not be held on the Tuesdays.
25. An order for the p'sentacon of apprentices before they be boundc.
Every apprentice was to be presented to the Court that they
might " uppon the sight of him allowe hymme to be cleane in pson
and Lymme and meete for the excersycinge of the same mysterye."
26. An order that none put away his app'Vitice before the cause be knowne
before ye Mr & govpnors.
27. An order that none lett any bloud stand to the annoyaunce of the people.
" Barbours excercyseinge fleabothomye or bloud lettinge " were
not to show blood in vessels in their windows.
1 82 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
28. An order that all p°sentac6ns in Surgery shalbe p°sented to the Mr wth
his governoures for the tyme beinge.
This order provided that any Surgeon having a patient in peril
of " mayme " or death, was to "present" or make known the case to
the Governors within three days, and the Court would then appoint
certain expert Surgeons to see the patient and assist in the cure.
There are scores of entries in the books of Surgeons being fined
for not " presenting" patients.
29. An order that none take any p'sentacons but y1' M' & gov'noures for
the tyme beinge.
30. An order that the Mr and governoures and their deputies shall goe to the
poore as well as to the rich.
Any Master or Governor being sent for to see a sick or
hurt person and refusing to go without payment, was to forfeit 20s-
31. An order for puttinge the rules in execucon.
32. An order for multipliinge speche in the corte tyme.
This was an early form of closure directed against such
members of the Court as were given to an over-indulgence in oratory.
33. A rule for order in goinge.
Every member of the Company was to take his place
according to precedence, at burials, anniversaries, Courts, etc.: —
And if anie of them of any scrypulosytie frowardnes folly e or pusyllanimity
refuse to take his owne romme or place accordinge to the order in good obedyent
manner he was to be fined i2rt
34. An order for the view.
This relates to the yearly inspection of the Company's property.
4th March, 1566. In Thys Courte Willfh Gyllam was discharged and released
oute of warde and hath [id his arerages and he hathe confessied y' Richard Bromehed
doth shave the vycar of Stepney in his howse every sondaye..
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 183
4th July, 1566. It was ordained that if any of the Court
hereafter might "happen to lyght or fall into povertie or dekaye" that
he should have a pension out of the Common box. One who had served
as Master was to have per ann. ,£4 ; an Upper Governor £$ ; Second
Governor £2 ; Younger Governor £1 ; and an Assistant 13J. \d.
It was also ordained that Thomas Hall should have an
exhibition of 405. per annum—
towardes hys studye in the unyvercytie for Surgery anexynge physycke thereunto,
and thereby hereafter to p°phet his other brethren beynge of this sayde mystery and
comynaltie usynge and ocupyenge the sayde syence & arte w"'in the cytie of London by
Readynge lectures unto them in ye Comon Hall and other wyse by his councell conynge
and knowlege in the same science & arte of Surgery.
It was also ordained that whenever the Lord Mayor should
invite the Masters and Governors to dine with him, that —
then and there after the same dynner ys don The Mr or gov°nors shall make his
oracyon or request in the behalf of the sayde Company as to hys wysdome yt shall seme
best in most descrytest maner and shall then geve and delyver unto the sayde Lorde
maior of lawful mony in golde Is and in orther corrant mony iijs iiijd that is foure marks
by waye as a good wyll of the same Company.
Also It ys Ordayned That god callyng oute or frome this Trancytory vale or
worlde any of this saide Company decessed and beynge w"'in the clothing or lyvery of
the same, his best hood shalbe layed upon the hearse and unto the churche and yr upon
yt shall so remayne untyll the takynge of of the said herce clothe wch is used at the
goynge forth of the Mr gov^nors & company of the clothinge oute of the churche & the
corps goynge to be buryed. And then and yr the clarke of the saide Company shall
take the same hood and [it] shalbe his p°per owne of dewtie. (In default the widow
or executor was to pay 6s. Sd.)
The Beadle was directed to look after, and to help in removing
back to the Hall, the standings, banners, carpets, etc., after they
had been used on any public occasion, and a small yearly fee was
to be allowed him for this service.
1 Off.
i 84 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
3rd November, 1566. Edward Parke, referred to in the
next minute, was constantly getting into trouble, and sometimes
into the Compter : —
Here was Thomas Lambkyn & John Merryt wytnesses against Edward Parke
for y' he saide he wolde not coirie to the Courte beynge warned & y' yf the Mr coifiytted
hym to warde he wolde brynge the Mr before the lorde cheefe Justice And yt is ordered
y' the saide Parke shall [be] & is upon his humble submyssion remytted.
1 6th Jan., 1567. The old vellum book of ordinances, etc.,
containing portions of the four Gospels in Latin, and still in our
possession is probably the book referred to in the minute of this date,
which states that Willm Grene had " taken an othe upon the blacke
booke that serveth in this howse for the same purpose."
13th Nov., 1567. Yt ys ordayned that Wyllyam Bull Chrystofor Swalldell
William Crowe Wyllyam Grene Henry Rankyn and Leonard Coxe is elected to be of the
clothyng and Lyvery and that theyre hoods shalbe by the Mr for the tyme beyng put upon
theyre shoulders w,hin the p^lor one Chrystmas day next ensuyng before the company go
to pawles to weyghte on the lorde mayor, unto the olde usuage in that behalf provyded
accordyngly.
27th Jan., 1568. In this court Rich Hughes is graunted to have the hall to
kepe a maryage in upon Sonday So" a sevenighte.
Again this year a licence for a similar purpose was granted to
Francis Partridge, and there are other instances.
1 8th May, 1568. In this Courte here was Phillip Jorden for trymynge on the
Sondayes & for now he is forgeven beynge the fyrst tyme.
13th Oct., 1568. Here was Wm fferrat for Trymyng upon the Sonday but he wyll
do yt no more here after.
About this period there were numerous cases of Sunday trading
before the Court, and in many instances the offenders were fined or
imprisoned.
1 Come.
zA nn als of the Barber-Surgeons. 185
9th Nov., 1568. In thys Courte here was Rich Roberts and he is comanded
that he shall agree wth this mystery as a brother or ells he to shutte up his shoppe and
ocupye no more but as a servant upon the penalities of the statute.
10th March, 1569. It was ordered : —
That Richard Wysto for his mysdemeanor and unquyet behaveor and beyng a
troublesom p°son, so that the courte of assystents canne neyther thincke well or good on
hym, therupon and therfore he the saide Richard Wysto is relynquyshed depryved and
dysmyst of his office and yongr gov'norshyp and also fourth of assystents of the saide
mystery.
Wysto appears from time to time to have given the Court
trouble, his offence on this particular occasion being that he had
ordered his apprentice to let a man blood in the Compter contrary
to the order of the Aldermen. Wysto was contumacious for a long
period, but seems on 17th July, 1572, to have made humble submission
and apology, whereupon an order was made " That none do stirre
upp any talke consrninge the deprivacon or submyssion of Ric.
Wistowe " ; he was subsequently re-admitted on to the Court and
served Master 1586, but the animus against him revived, and on
7th November, 1587, certain parties were before the Court for reviling
him on the old score, and were duly threatened and admonished as
to their future behaviour.
22nd November, 1569. Here was Phillip Jordan for trymming upon the
sabboth daye and he once agayne is warned upon the penalltie of the acte that he
do y' hence forwardes no more (see 18th May, 1568).
10th October, 1570. Margaret yl was Mr Vaughan' his mayde is graunted
to kepe one Sonday her wedyng in the hall & no more.
1568 to 1570. There are several entries in the books of
members of the Court being removed for misbehaviour.
1 George Vaughan, Master 1569.
2 B
i86 a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
27th January, 1 57 1. It was ordered that —
a newe Bayle be made to thentent them of the clothing of this mysterie
maie decentlie stand to attend all soch tymes as it shall please the Queenes ma"e to
come through the citie of London.
The Bayle was a movable stand or platform ; there are various
notices as to the one previously in use, having been out of repair.
It was taken out on all great days of processions or triumphs and
on Christmas day when the " lorde maior went to Poules," and
numerous references are also made to the Company's banners which
accompanied it.
19th January, 1573. Here was Willfn Carrington for havinge iiij servaunts one
Christmas even and ordre was taken that he should laye downe his ffyne.
15th March, 1573. Here was a question moved concerninge takynge in
certeyne into the Assystaunce But the howsse would not consent to the takinge in of
any more for that there were alredye xxviij p'sones.
Here was a question moved concernynge the takinge in of certayne p°sons
into the clothinge but the house did not think good to take in anye for that the
nomber is alredy fyftye.
26th May, 1573. Here was John Johnsonne and brought in his fyne for
kepinge a foryner uncest xxd'
There are frequent entries of freemen being fined for not
"cessing" foreigners and journeymen, and for teaching foreigners
their "science."
It would seem from the following precise minute that commit-
ments to prison were made by the Court direct, and not always upon
Warrants obtained from the Lord Mayor or a Justice.
15th March, 1575. Here was one M°kes [Markes] servnte w"' M' Tholmwood
sometyme, sent to the Compter by Willfn Eden Clark to this misterye for not p'Yorming
an Awarde made betwene the saide Mr Tholmwood and the saide M°kes and divers
others stubborne and lewde behavio" The comitte"" made by the saide M'and Wardens.
oA 'id nils of the Barber-Surgeons. 187
22nd March, 1575. Here was John Clark sessed w"' Edward Park for two
yeres to begin at the ffeast of Thannunc0 of or Ladye next viz'- the first yeare xxijs and a
payre of hose, the seconde yere xxvjs viijd a payre of hose and a Capp.
15th May, 1575. Here was a p°sept sent by my Lo'de maior straitly charging
and commandinge the companye in her Majesties name that they take immediate
order that theyr s vaunts and appntices nor any of them in any wyse or sorte do mysuse
annye svyng man page or lackey or anye other p°son that shal goo throwe the streets
of this Cittee, nor shall attempt anything to the breach of her Ma,ies peace either
in wordes acts countenaunce or otherwise at their uttmost p°yll, whereupon all the
whole Companye were sent for and had that Comaundement.
1577. Thomas Hall (see 4th July, 1566) was appointed an
Examiner in Surgery and to dissect the anatomies for ten years.
There are several instances of exhibitions to sons of freemen
(generally 405. a year), to enable them to study at Oxford and
Cambridge, and these entries extend over a great many years.
22nd Oct., 1577. Here was Mr Skarlet the Quenes Bargeman and he p°mised
the Companie that they shoulde have a barge called the Greyhounde belonging to the
maydes of honor for lijs iiijd yf my Lorde maior do go unto westn?.
This sum would not of course include the Bargemaster's or his
men's fees for their services, or the providing banners, accessories or
attendants, all of which were paid for by the Company in addition.
23rd July, 1582. At this Co°te John Yates Thomas Lamkin and Edward Parke
were dismist from their places and owte of thassistance for revelinge of secrets contrarie
to a rule in that case p\ided.
6th March, 1583. Yt was agreed that whereas a dcmaunde was made by the
L. Maio' and Co'te of Alderme unto or Companie for a contribution of certein monie for
certeine Landes we hold as the saide Corte gave in Certificate of John Johnsons guifte
for thuse of an obit. The answere was made by the consent of the said Masters that
this house will joyne w,h other Companies in the charge accordinge to their porcons.
2 B 2
1 88 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
21st Nov., 1583. Mr. Banester, a liveryman, being indebted to
the Company ,£5, gave a "watche or clock" and it was ordered that his
debt should be cancelled in consideration of this gift.
The following minute refers to the obit for John Johnson (vide 6th
March, 1583) the property having been declared to be held for
superstitious uses, the Company purchased their right to retain its
possession for ^13 65. Sd.
5th July, 1585. At this Co'te yt was agreed That whereas a Tente in Tower
streate belonginge to this house ys founde [to] be concealled Landes. That the pattenist
should have for agreament to have or Tente surelie the some of xxtic markes.
The next is a curious instance of an ancient tenure.
29th Sept., 1586. A lease for 21 years of a house in East
Smithfield was granted to Humphry Rowland at £6 per annum, and
the said Humphry was to —
delivr and geve unto the saide masters and to suche as shall come w"1 them to
viewe the said Tente yerely the nombre of xviij shoing homes franck and ffree.
14th Aug., 1587. It was also condiscended and agreed That the newe masters
or governo'5 of this or Company shall evy yeare on the daie of or Elleccon of them be
brought home to their howses with the Levery or some pte of them as heretofore hathe
ben accustomed evy one wearinge his hood in decent order.
6th July, 1592. Certein newe silver booles are to be bought for those p°cell
gilt booles wch were the guifte of Mr Vaughan.
oth February, 1596. It was agreed for "the taking in of the
water wch cometh from the Themes by pipes into this howse." Hereto-
fore the water had been supplied from a well, and later on by a
leaden " pomp."
1596. In this year a curious episode occurred, which showed
that the Court were not unwilling to shield their freemen when
o/lnimls of the Barber-Surgeons. i8q
offending, if the party taking action against the offender did not
belong to the Company. Four freemen (one being an Assistant)
had been "put into" the Court of Exchequer by "one Holmes an
Informer for using both Barbery and Chirurgery against the Statute,"
and the Court, without troubling to enquire if the offence had been
committed or not, ordered that £10 should be lent the parties to
assist them in defending the suit. At the next Court the matter was
much debated as to whether the Barber-Surgeons should go on with
their defence or make terms with the informer, and the parties them-
selves were consulted, whereupon it was finally decided "among
themselves to agree wth the said Informer wch they related to the whole
Corte, whereupon the Corte rose and the said pties made their owne
agreement privately wth the saied Informer to their best likinge."
ioth December, 1596. Mr. Storer came to the Court and
agreed with the Company, by indenture, in consideration of £5 per
annum for seven years, to relieve the Company from all charges in
respect of the provision of grain for serving the market during
that period.
9th June, 1597. This daie one septer or mace and twoe pictures latelye and
verye loveingelye given to this Companye by William Martyn' of the Clothinge in
token of his love to this house was presented to this Courte and verye gratefullye accepted.
This daie one cupp made of an Ostridge Egge or shell and sett in silver and
guilte given by the laste will and testamente of Mr Thomas Bankes divers tymes Mr of
this Companye was likewise presented to this Courte and verye gratefullye accepted.
15th Jany., 1598. This daie William Clare one of the Lorde Maiors serjeantes
at mace is chosen officer of this house and where his fee to fore was but vjs viijd per Ann
it is nowe by this Courte uppon good consideracon augmented to xs p Anil and John
Smith in his absence is appointed deputye.
1 Master 1606.
ujo oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The duty of this officer was to attend the Courts of Assistants
and to arrest and convey to the Compter such persons as were
committed.
30th Jan., 1598. Nicholas Kellaway, in consideration of his
years, was excused serving the offices of Steward and Master of the
Anatomy and " freelye gave one standinge cup double guilte wch was
kindely accepted."
14th Aug., 1598. There is under this date an interesting
account of the Election of Master and Wardens ; twelve Electors
from among the Livery were appointed : —
Which electors after they had their chardge given them by the Maisters or
Governors of this Companye and their several] billes for the eleccon delivered unto them
after longe and deliberate consideracbn had, did electe for the Maister John Leycocke
and for the upper Governor John Burgis and for the seconde Governor John Pecke and
for the yongeste Governor Roberte Johnson Which saide John Leycocke beinge not then
presente the garlande accordinge to the manner and custome of this house was by the
Maister for the yeare paste placed uppon the heade of Mr. Docter Browne as deputye for
the saide John Leycocke, after which another garlande was likewise placed uppon the
heede of the saide John Burgis by the upper governor And a like garlande tendered to
the saide John Pecke which he utterlye refused and for the same was fined at ffortye
shillinges which fine he paid accordinglye likewise a nother garlande was placed by the
yongeste Governor uppon the heade of the said Roberte Johnson and by him gratefullye
accepted And the saide Maister Burgis and Mr- Johnson were sworne standinge for the
due execucon of their offices.
1598. In the Minute Book commencing 1598 there are scores
of cases of Barbers being fined for working on Sundays; the informant
was generally the Beadle, and it is amusing to note how frequently a
delinquent, after purging himself by a fine, voluntarily took to the office
of Informer against his brother Barbers.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. i q i
Many Barbers and Surgeons were fined for presuming to
"sett up shoppe" without licence, here is an instance: —
28th November, 1598. This daye George Collimer appeared before the Mrs
of this Companye and had daye till the next court to bringe in his fine for openinge
his shop w"'out licence.
nth December, 1598. This daye Thomas Powell appeared before the M's
for workinge on the saboth daye and puteth him self uppon his tryall, wherefore
he is comaunded to attend here the next Court And in the meane tyme for his
unrev°ent behaviour towards the M' is comitted to the Compf-
15th January, 1599. Where divers grudges and manye greate inconveniencies
have happened amongest suche as have benne familiar frendes and brothers of this
Societye by the unadvised rashnes of some of the Assistance of this Companie whoe
have disclosed and revealed suche secretes as have bene advisedlye and discretlye
for the benefit of the said Companye spoken in the courte tyme Contrarye to the
solempne othes of suche assistant to the greate dishoner of god and scandall to the
said Companye, ffor reformacon whereof it is ordered by consente of a full Courte
of Assistance That if at any tyme hereafter any of the Assistance of this ffelowship
shall utter or reveale to any other p°son beinge not Assistante any secretes uttered
and spoken at any courte which oughte not to be uttered or revealed And also
if any Elector of the Mr or Governors for the tyme beinge shall at any tyme hereafter
utter or reveale any speches concerninge the election to any person which oughte
not to knowe the same suche person soe offendinge and due proffe thereof made,
beinge of the Assistance shalbe dismissed oute of his place and livery, and beinge
onlye of the livery shalbe dismissed oute of the liverye.
Where this house hath a barrel of Gunpowder It is ordered that the same
be soulde to the beste benifitt of this house.
30th January, 1599. This daie Edward Downes was comitted to the Compter
for calleinge villayne before the maisters of the Companye.
6th February, 1599. It is ordered that John Mullines shalbe comitted to
the Compter for his disobedience in not payeinge his debte to this house.
iQ2 cA * finals of the Barber-Surgeons.
17th April, 1599. This daie Michaell Bullocke complayneth of William Webbe
forren brother for workeinge with Henrye Needeham beinge not ceassed with him and
for grindeinge of rasares' And Needeham is to be warned to the nexte Courte.
8th May, 1599. Marmaduke Jefferson hath till the nexte Courte to bring in
his fine for hangeinge oute his basones on maye daie.
5th July, 1599. Richard Sprignall, to be excused serving the
office of Master, presented a —
drinckeinge cupp made of a nutte and garnished with silver and guilte which
was thankfullye accepted.
17th July, 1599. This daie William Lacye is Comitted to the Compter for
his contemptious behaviour towardes the Maisters of the Companye and for workinge
in the trade of barberie beinge noe freeman.
24th July, 1599. This daie Richard Samborne complayned of one Phillip
Winter for settinge upp a shoppe in paules church yarde beinge not free. It is ordered
that the saide Winter shalbe comitted to prison untill he be free, or bounde before my
lorde Maior to departe the Citye.
This daie Gabriell Hunte appeared before the Maisters and was comitted to
prison for workeinge on the sabouth daies.
30th July, 1599. This daie Thomas Hobbes hath lycence of the Maisters to
sue Thomas Watson at the Comon lawe for not accomptinge with him for iij1'- due in
the tyme of his apprentishipp.
13th August, 1599. It was further ordered that because this tyme is troblesom
and to avoyde the evill speches of men, that there shoulde go home with the Maister
but eighte of the liverye and with the rest of the Governors sixe a peece and that
withoute their hoodes.
29th May, 1600. It was ordered that two streamers and
two banners should be purchased to garnish the Company's barge.
3rd July, 1600. This daye Anthony Millington Esquier Executor to the laste
Will and Testament of Elizabeth Scoloker deceased payd unto the Mrs viz., Mr Wood
1 Razors.
?/l finals of the Barber-Surgeons. i gj
M' Dardes & Mr Martin a legacy of tenne poundes by the sayd Elizabeth bequeathed
to this Company whereuppon it is ordered that there be a Cup made w"1 the same money
And that her name be ingraven uppon it as a thinge geven by her.
nth Aug., 1600. Whereas Thomas Cole a verye disobedient and pervers
brother of this Companye did verye disobedientlie and perversely behave himselfe
towardes the Maisters or Governors in the presents of the Assistants and liverye there
assembled And alsoe for that hee refused to paie the musicions iiijd according to order
It is ordered by the consent of a full Courte of Assistants and of the reste of the
assemblie that he be dismissed oute of the liverye of this Companye And not to be
warned to any assemblies or meetinges in other sorte then one" of the yeomanrie till it
shall please a Courte of Assistants at the like tyme to restore him to his former place, yet
he is to paye his quarterage dulye.
Thomas Cole reformed his ways, and was subsequently
re-admitted to the Livery.
4th Nov., 1600. This daye it is ordered that Wheelis dwellinge in Longe Lane
take downe his basons and make no shewe towardes the streete uppon payne to be
comitted to the Compter.
22nd Apl., 1 60 1. This daye where this howse alloweth but v5 to the parson of
St. Olaves for his sermon on the Election daye It is ordered by this Court that the
same be augmented to xs-
5th May, 1 60 1. This daie Henry Eaton uppon warninge appeared before the
maisters or Governors for keepinge a forren Jorneyman whereuppon it was ordered that
the said Eaton shoulde put a waie the said fforren before the next courte daye.
30th June, 1 60 1. Noah Bayley, a Surgeon, who for two or
three years past had continually been complained of for various offences,
and disagreements with patients and apprentices, came at last to grief,
for having —
not onely abused Mr Warden Thorney wth reprochefull & slanderous speeches
but also Mr Mapes and M1' ffenton twoe of the assistants of this Company making mowes2
and mockinge them as they sate in the Courte in contempt of the said Court it was
ordered that hee therefore shalbe comitted to the Compter uppon the Lo : Maiors
commaundement for example of othrs-
1 Than as one. * Mouths.
2 C
ip4 c/Jiiimls of the Barber-Surgeons.
22nd September, 1601. This daye Richard Higgins was committed to the
Compter by the Mrs uppon the Lo : Maiors commaundm1 for refuseinge to paye his fine
for his absence from the hall at the daye of gen'all Rules.
This day Thomas Allen ' was fined for his absence from the said rules.
6th October, 1601. This daye it was ordered that Will"' Braye for certayne
speeches & for his misbehaviour towards Mr Warden Atmer should be p°sently comitted
to the Compter, of wch imprisonm' at his humble suite and uppon his submission to the
said Mr Atmr hee was dischardged of his said imprisonm'-
10th October, 1601. This daye Will™ Deepeinge Owin Jones and Edward
Waterhowse were appoynted for three of the wiflers for the yere ensuinge.
A committee was ordered to meet at " M cers Chappell by sixe
of the Clock in the morninge to viewe the repacSns of the howses
belonginge to this Company." How many members of the Court
would now attend at 6 a.m. in chill October?
27th October, 1601. This daye it is ordered that the M™ of this Company
& also Mr Bird Mr Wood Mr John Izard Thomas Thorney William Martin & John
Gerrard2 be warned to meete on ffrydaye next by sixe of the clock in the morninge
to goe on serch accordinge to custome.
23rd February, 1602. This daye it is ordered that Richard Jackson a brother
of this Company shall be committed to the Compt' for not appearinge before the Mre
uppon warninge to answer the complaint of Edward Bird his apprentice.
22nd March, 1602. This daye it is ordered that John Rea Strang' shall be
committed to the Compter for settinge out his billes3 uppon the gates & othr places
in the Cytie contrary to his tolleracon.
30th March, 1602. This daye it is ordered that M' Warden ffrederick Mr
Thorney Mr Will"1 Martin M' John Peck Mr Gerrardr & Mr ffenton shall meate on
ffrydaye next by eyghte of the clock in the morninge at Lyon Key to goe from
thence to my Lord Admirall4 to complayne against Robert Derham for his contempt
in refusinge her Mats imprest.
1 First .Master of Dulwich College. - The celebrated herbalist.
3 Probably quack doctor's advertisements. ' The Earl of Nottingham, at Greenwich.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 1 93
13th April, 1602. This daye Robert Durham (Derham) appeared before the
Mrs of this Company of his owne voluntary And it was by this Courte ordered that for
his sev°all contempts of this Company aswel in their serch as in their prest hee should
bee committed to the Comptr uppon the Lord Maiors Commaundem1 whereuppon hee
was sent to the Compter But at the speciall instance and request of one Mr Meredith
and Mr Morgan twoe of the said Derhams ffrendes hee was sent for back agayne and
uppon his humble submission & intreaty hee was dischardged of his imprisonment And
thereuppon did promise to be obedient to this Company at all tymes hereaft'-
24th November, 1602. This daye it is ordered by the Mrs or Governors of this
Company that Robert Redhead one of the Lord Maiors officers shalbe officer to this
Company as aftr the decease of Will"1 Clare And to have such fee for the same as the said
Willm Clare held the same And also hee is to be confirmed in the same place by the
next court of Assistance.
20th March, 1604. This daye it is ordered that on thursdaye next the Mrs of
this Company shall attend the Lord Maior to knowe his pleasure concerninge their
places of standinges.
The Masters on this occasion procured an order of the Court of
Aldermen ranking the Company as sixteenth in order of precedence,
and this is set forth in the Minute Book as follows : —
17th April, 1604. Jl gjopic of an order of Courte set downe the daye and
yere hereaft'' expressed concerninge the place of this
Company in all assemblies of the Companyes of
this Cytie.
gilarfts decimo septimo die Aprilis 1604 Annoq^ regni Dili nri Jacobi Regis
Anglie &c scdo.
Bennet \ Soane Garrard Lee Hollydaye Wattes Rowe Craven Anderson Swynerton
Maior ) Hayes ac Romney un vie &c.
^3l?ere it appeareth to this Court aswell by the humble supplicacon of the
Maisters or Gov°nors of the Mistery & Coialtye of Barbors and Chirurgeons of this Cytie
as by an ordr taken by the same Courte the fowerth daye of ffebruary in the tyme of the
Maioraltie of Sr Stephen Peacock knighte and in the fower and twenteth yere of the
2 C 2
iq6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
reigne of the Late Kinge of famous memory Kinge Henry the eight That the Mrs or
Governors of the said mistery & Coialty of Barbors & Chirurgeons & their p'decessors in
the order of their goinges standinges rydinges sittinges & othr assemblies of the liv°yes
of the sev'all Companyes of this ho : Cytie have bene alwayes tyme oute of mynde reputed
taken & placed as the seaventeneth Company amongest othre the sev°all Companyes of this
Cytie next & imediatly from & aftr the Company of Mercers Grocers Drap°s ffishemongers
Goldsmythes Skinners Marchaunttaylors Haberdashers Salters Iremongers Vinteners
Stockfishmongers Clothworkers Brewers Lethersellers and Pewterers And forasmuch as
it doth likewise appeare to this Co'te that sythens the makeinge and establisheinge of the
said order the said Mrs or Governori of the said Mistery and Coialtie of Barbors and
Surgeons have enjoyed the Benifit of the said order and borne all chardges taxes and
contributions whatsoev' imposed on them from tyme to tyme w'h credytt to the good
likinge of the Magistrats and Governors of this Cyttie as well as other Companies of like
sorte and State have done And yett notw,hstanding of late at the Royall passages of the
Kinge and Queenes most exelent Ma"es and the prince of wales attended by the Nobilitie
and gentry of the land through this Cyttie on the fifteenth daie of March last when
through ignorance theie were misplaced by the Comittie appoynted by this Cyttie for the
mannaginge of those affaires. It is therefore this daie upon due consideration had of the
p^isses, and for that the said Company of Stockfyshmongers have bene since the tyme
of the said order wholelie dissolved and abrogated and noe Company or Corporacon
remayninge w,hin this Cyttie of that name, ordered and decreed that the said M's or
Governors of the said Misterie and Coialtie of Barbors and Surgeons shalbe from hence-
forth reputed taken and placed as the syxeteenth Companie w'hin this Cyttie in all theire
goeings rydinges sytteinges standeinges and assemblies whatsoever, any misplaceinge of
them on the said fifteenth daie of March last to the contrary notw"'standinge.
Sebright.
22nd May, 1604. This daie it is ordered that from henceforth the Clark of this
Companie shall against ev9y Courte daie bestowe iiijd in hearbes and flowers.
1 2th June, 1604. This daye Will1" Wrighte a very disobedyent Broth' of this
Company was accordinge to the Rules of this howse fined at vjs viijd for callinge the
officers of this howse knaves and for other his lewde & disobedient behaviour and
is to bringe it into this Court on tewsedaye next.
8th November, 1604. Mr. Thomas Goodall and Mr. Kellaway
were each fined 10s. "for not riedinge wth the Mrs when the kinge came
through the city " (probably in March last).
.. - '• "' ■■" '••"/>■ Iff.)
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. /gj
5th February, 1605. This daye Marcus Davie appeared before the Mrs and
was rebuked for shewinge the Copie of or Chre' to a Scrivener.
28th February, 1605. This daye it is ordered that the numb' of 16 pnsons of
the Assistance of this Company shalbe accompted a full Court of Assistance.
It was also ordered that a " fay re parchem' booke " be bought
for engrossing therein the Charters of the Company ; this book is still
in our possession.
28th February, 1605. This daye Mr Warden ffrederick made request to have
a Deputie to supplie his place and office of upper warden and to sit in his place till
his retorne from Spayne whith' the saide Mr ffrederick is bounde And alsoe to kepe his
keyes whereuppon it was ordered that he should make choyce of any sufficient man of the
Assistant^ to keepe his keyes in his absens if hee pleased. But it was denyed that any
should sit in his place as deputy.
Christopher Frederick was Serjeant-Surgeon to the King, and
father of Sir John Frederick, Lord Mayor in 1661. He was of alien
birth and did not work harmoniously with the Court of Assistants.
In Repertory xxvii. fo. 117 (at Guildhall), is an order of the Court
of Aldermen that Sir Thomas Garrard and four other Aldermen were
to call the Master and Wardens and Mr. Frederick before them and to
end their controversies (which, however, they did not succeed in doing).
2 1 st March, 1605. Mr. Frederick brought a letter to the
Court from the Earl of Nottingham, saying it was the King's pleasure
that Mr. Frederick should appoint a deputy to act as Warden in his
place, whilst he was away with the King in Spain, but the Court
adhered to its decision of 28th February.
This daye Mr Warden ffrederick p^sented to this Court a letter wrytten to the
Mrs or Governors & Assistants of this Company the contents thereof hereafter ensueth, viz'- :
Aftr my very hearty commendactins I have thoughte good to signifie unto you
his Maties pleasure That I should have to attend me in this my ambassage into Spayne
1 Charter.
ip8 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Mr. Xpofer ffrederick one of the nowe Governors of yor Company wch by reason of the
place hee berelh amongest you can hardely be spared nevertheles because the necessytie
of the service urgeth the same It is thought fit by his Ma'ie that hee shall noiat and
appoynt such a sufficient man to execute his place in his absens as fonrPly hath borne
that office, wherefore I doubt not but you will admitt and allowe of such a one as for that
purpose hee shall noiat to sit in his absens as his deputy who shalbe answerable for all
matts as if Mr ffrederick were there himself So to continue eythr untill the tyme of the
yere that you make choyce of some other p°sone fit for the same or Mr ffrederickf retorne
oute of Spayne wch shall first happen, of whose ready care to satisfie the Kinges
expectaetin and my desyre I dowbte not And evenso I bid you righte hartely farewell,
ffrom Arnedell howse the ix,h of March 1604.1
Yor very lovinge frend
Notingham2
I do praye you that Will1" Martin be
excepted3 in his place till Mr ffrederick^
retorne Notingham
26th March, 1605. This daye Mr James Hodson one of the tenaunts of this
Company accordinge to an order of a Court of Assisstance payd to the Mre his fyne ot
Lu for his lease And had lycence graunted unto him to demyse the tenement wch hee
holdeth of this Company or any pfe thereof And did p°mise to geve unto this howse one
hogshead of clarret wyne when it should for the use of this howse be called for &
demaunded.
9th April, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Humfrey Gorston bringe in his
fyne at the next Courte for teachinge of a forren his Art.
1 6th April, 1605. This daye Stephen Abraham was commaunded [to] geve over
his keepinge a barbors shop in Phillip Lane untill hee shalbe made free of this Company
uppon payne of imprisonment.
23rd April, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Stephen Abraham be committed
to the Compter for contempt of the M"5 order heretofore set downe.
1 l6oi. - Lord High Admiral. 3 Accepted.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. iqq
Abraham must have instantly obeyed the order, and shut up his
shop in Phillip Lane, and directly afterwards have opened another in
Finch Lane, for we read : —
30th April, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Stephen Abraham shall take
downe his basons and geve over his shop in ffynch Lane and shall continue wth his mris
mris Smyth orels to be committed to prison.
24th May, 1605. fforasmuch as Mathew Peele a broth' of this Company hath
delt underhand wth the tenante in possession of the howse where in one Edward Sares
lately dwelt at Dowgate, makinge the tenant to beleeve that hee the sayd Mathew Peele
had a lease graunted unto him from this howse of the same and p°ffered to sell the same
to the said tenaunt where there is no such thinge to him graunted. It is therefore
ordered that an order made the xviij"1 of March whereby it was determyned that the sayd
Mathew Peele should have the first puffer of the next tenem' that should fall voyde of this
Company better cheape by x" then any oth' p'son shalbe voyde & of none effect to all
intents & constructions.
nth June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Willfn Wrighte shalbe committed
to the Compter for abuseinge the late Mra of this Company.
25th June, 1605. This daye John Crispe dwellinge in St. Martins Barbor is
dischardged from kepeinge a shop.
1 2th September, 1605. This day it was agreed that the p^nte Mrs shall p0ceed to
build againe the wall latelie taken downe betwixt o' yard and the Bulwark wth Brick only
And the same to be correspondent to the reste of the bricke wall of the said yard In
which wall they are to cause to be made and placed such and so many convenient
wyndowes wth lettice and casement^ as they shall thincke fitt. And it is further agreed by
the consent of the Court that they shall proceed w"' the worcke now in hand for the
erectinge of a steyre and steyrecase to be made to passe through the p°lor into the said
Bullwarke or garden plott And the same to be finished and done in such mann° and
forme as the said M15 shall thincke fitt And also shall repaire and amend the defectf of the
wainscott in the said pnlor where need shall require. And that such chardges shalbe borne
by this house as shalbe in that behalf disburssed.
26th September, 1605. This day M' Nicholas Collins is chosen to be of
Councell wth this Company and is to have a fee of xls p° aim. and is to continue in the
same place so longe as it shall please the Assistant^ of the same Company.
20 o o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ist October, 1605. This day William Gravenor was fined for hanginge out of
his basons on Bartholomew day And also Humphry Gorston.
This day there was redd to this Court a Ire directed from Doctor Browne to the
said court importinge that Christopher ffredricke was as forward in his advice as in his
Assistaunce in the cuttinge of Sr Anthony Cooke as Mr ffenton was.
About the year 1605 the Court were at law with Mr. Frederick
as appears by the Wardens' accounts, though there is no reference to
the subject of the dispute in the Minutes, beyond the above reference
to a surgical operation performed on Sir A. Cooke, and the controversy
about the Deputy Warden when Mr. Frederick went to Spain. Mr.
Frederick was alien born, and the following order, without doubt, had
a reference to this circumstance : —
10th October, 1605. This day it is ordered that from henceforth no Alien or
stranger borne out of his Matf dominions shall hereafter be capable or eligible to
beare or take upon him any place or places or office of a Mr or Governour of this
Company And that an ordinaunce shalbe p^ntlie drawne to such purpose if by or
Councell wee shalbe advised so to doe.
The above order was rescinded 21st July, 1608.
8th October, 1605. This day Thomas Emerie William ffarris John Heydon
John Burrowes Roger Brecknocke John Hullins Wyddow Turner widdow Eaton John
Phillipps and Robert Samme were fined for workinge upon last Saboth.
10th October, 1605. This day it is ordered by this Courte that the reparacons
of the Citties wall next to the Bullwark shalbe accomplished and done according as the
p°nte Mrs or Governo" of this Company shall thincke fitt And all charges therein
disburssed shalbe borne by this house.
7th November, 1605. It is also ordered that the p°nte Mrs or Governors of this
Company shall if they cann bargaine wth the Ladie Windsor for the glasse in the
wyndowes of the Bulwark And for such other thingC as are by her Ladishipp to be sold
and to give such Composition for the same as they in their discretions shall thincke fitt.
o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
201
This day it is ordered that the youngest Governo' Rento' doe cause all needful
and necessarie rep°acons to be done upon such tenemtf as ought to be repaired by
this Company And also shall cause the privit hedge in the garden next the Bullwark to
be taken up and the ground to be leveled and another hedge to be planted and sett all
alonge from the further end of or new bricke wall to the furthest corner of that garden.
19th November, 1605. This day it is ordered that the Mrs of this Company
togeather wth Mr Bird Mr Wood M' John Martin and M' Mapes are to goe in search on
satterday and upon munday next And they are to meete in Powles.'
28th Nov., 1605. This day it is ordeyned that or Mr shall compound with some
Baker to pnvide for this Company 50 quarters of good wheate at such yearelie rate and for
such tyme as they can agree And he to be Baker to the house so longe as he behave
himself well.
One Will1"' Clifton was on 17th December following appointed
Baker, and agreed to find 50 quarters of wheat for £5 per annum.
28th January, 1606. This day John ffoxe a forren Barbor appeared before the
Mrs and was by them forbidden to keepe shopp in London any more for Barbinge or
Surgery, And he p^missed that he would not.
1 6th June, 1606. In the controv°sie betwixt Thomas Orton & ffrauncf
Holland It is ordered that the said Orton proceed not in suite of law against the said
Holland otherwise then by takeinge the peace of him till the next Court Att wch tyme the
said Holland is comaunded by this Court to bringe in his fine of xP for strikinge of him
the said Orton. And the said Orton is to geve his attendaunce at that Courte.
14th July, 1606. This day uppon the suite of the p^son and p°ishioners of St.
Olaves in Silver Street It was ordered by this Court that at such tyme as the now church
of the said pish shal begin to be reedified beinge now in great decay and fallen into ruyn
That then the Mrs or governours of this Company for the tyme beinge shall of the stocke
of the said Company pay to the then church wardens of the said pish the somme of x1'
towardf the reedifieg of the said Church w"'out makinge further suite for the same.
1 St. Paul s.
2 D
202 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Several liverymen were complained of for not having attended
in their liveries of late, and among other notes is the following : —
14th July, 1606. This day Henry Bradley one fferris and Henry Bracey are
dismissed out of the Clothinge and Assistaunce of this Company for they have not given
their attendaunce in their liveryes uppon summons.
8th September, 1606. This daie Mr. Peck did lend voluntary to this howse L
gratis for a yeare next ensueinge.
This daie Mr ffenton did lend C" gratis to this Company for a yeare next ensueinge
Also he did lend to this Company LB more for a yere at x1' p° cent.
23rd September, 1606. This day it is ordered that Percivall Jackson shalbe
comitted to the Compter for his severall Contemptf to this howse.
30th September, 1606. This daie Percivall Jackson was dischardged out of
prison upon his mothers intreatie. And is to bring in his debt to Burrowes at the next
Court.
7th October, 1606. This daie John Hedlow paid to the Mrs vjs viijd wch by them
was tofore paid to officers wch attended to committ the said Hedlow for his severall
contempt^ to this howse.
13th October, 1606. Percivall Jackson was again committed to
the Compter for his " severall contemptf."
4th November, 1606. This daie John Kerrell Richard Cade & Richard
Houlden were fyned for being absent from the funerall of Mr ffyneinge.
10th March, 1607. This daie Thomas Grig was fyned at xiil1 for not wearinge
his Cap on Candlemas daie last.
19th September, 1607. The Clerk's child having died of the
plague, and being carried through the gate of the Hall, an order came
from the Lord Mayor commanding the Court not to sit for 28 days,
and it was thereupon ordered that the Courts should sit at Mr. Fenton's
house in Bartholomew's Court during that period.
o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 203
This daye it is ordered that Carehills wyef be warned to the hall against the next
Court for keepinge of twoe shoppes of Barbinge wthout Bisshoppesgate.
8th October, 1607. This daye it is ordered by this Courte uppon due
consideration had That from henceforth the Mrs or Governors of this Company every yere
yerely shall geve to the Recorder of this Cytie a yerely fee of money oute of the stock of
this Company at their pleasures so that it exceede not the somme of iiij1'"
It was ordered that no liveryman should henceforth —
attend in his lyvery and w"'out a ruffe band uppon payne of xijd for ev0y offence.
3rd November, 1607. This daye uppon the humble suite of one wydowe
Burrows shee is admitted to keepe her Barbors shop where shee now dothe for 2 yeres
next ensuinge not w,hstandinge that w"'in the said tyme shee mary an husbond of any
othr trade.
1st December, 1607. This daye Thomas Allen' and James Mullins were fined
for wearinge of falleinge bands \v"' their liv°y gownes.
2 1st January, 1608. This daye it is ordered that .... Braye [be appointed]
Informer to p°secute suites by informacon against such p°sons as the p°nt Masters shall
noiat for one yere next ensuinge at the chardgf of this howse And hee is to have tenne
poundes for his paynes therein.
27th January, 160S. Five of the Company were fined for
not being at the funeral of Mistress Izard in their liveries.
5th April, 1608. This daye lycence is geeven to Will"1 Buckley to arrest John
Dodd breakeinge his wyndowes.
21st July, 1608. This daye it was thought fit that the p°nt Assistant^ showld
sit in Court wthout their Gownes for that the weathr is hot.
It is ordered that the laste quarters peneon due to John a Lee lately deceased
shalbe paid to the poore woman wch kept him in his sicknes.
At almost every Court, charities in sums varying from 2s to 40s
were given to poor members for their relief, or to the widows of
1 The first Master of Dulwich College.
2 D 2
204 qA finals of the Barber-Surgeons.
former members, and in many cases yearly annuities were granted
out of the stock of the house, independent of the Trust charities
distributed by the Court.
14th February, 1609. This daye John Stubbes one of my lord maiors officers
is appoynted a Serjeant to this Company.
27th June, 1609. This daye it is ordered that George Dugdale shall before
Michaelmas next paye to Thomas Shephard vs wch hee oweth him Orels to be
Committed to the Compter.
6th July, 1609. This daye Roger Rayney Marchaunt tayler is elected &
chosen Butler to this howse so longe as hee shall well & honestly behave himself
therein And is to have all such fees and allowances as to his said place or office
are incedent or belongeinge Provided hee enter into bond to the M" of this Company
wth sufficient surety wth Condicon to make good to this howse all such plate linen &
othr thingf as shalbe committed to his chardge by the Mre of this Company the
Steward^ of the Maiors feast The Maisters or Steward^ of the Anathomy or Wardens
of the Yomanry.
This daye uppon the due examinacon of sev°all abuses & misbehaviours
comitted by Thomas Goodale on of the Assistant^ of this Company towardf Mr.
Edward Rodes maister of this Company wrongefully chardgeinge him wlh injustice
before the wholl Courte And for othr his misdemeanures hee is by the wholl Consent
of this Court dismissed oute of the Assistance of this Company.
26th July, 1609. Whereas heretofore it hath byn observed for a rule and
customary order that the Mre of the Company to whom the Electo'5 on the Election
day before dyiin should deliver the names of such p°sons who were at such tyme elected
Mre of the Company for the yeare insuinge, should not give any notice to any new Mr so
elected before the garland should be put upon his head, it was now thought fit that that
rule should be put on one side, and that those chosen should be at once informed of
their Election that they may make p°vision for the entertaynement of the livery, etc.
10th August, 1609. This day Richard Browne was admitted Armorer to the
Company and to have p. ann. xiijs iiijd and he to have a speciall care to keepe the
Armour in repacons and to be therefore paid by the Rentor warden for the tyme beinge.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 205
This day Mr. John Leacocke' contemptuoslie deputed out of the Courte w"'out
licence of the Mre or of any of them And albeit he was required by the Clarke by the
comand of the Mre to come into the Courte beinge deputed out of the hall, he answered
that he would not come againe Therefore it is ordred by this Courte that he shall pay
his fine of iijs iiij1' for depr'tinge the Court without the Mrs licence And if he refused to
pay the said iijs iiij'1 then the soiiie of xls is by this Courte ordred to be assessed and
ymposed upon him wch if he shall likewise refuse to pay then he is by this Court
dismissed out of the Assistaunce ipso facto.
Mr. Leacocke submitted and paid his fine 26th September, 1609.
21st August, 1609. In answer to a precept from the Lord
Mayor, a certificate was sent to his Lordship that there were
remaining of the 50 quarters of wheat wherewith the Company was
charged, 20 quarters, and that the remainder had been sold in the
Markets according to former precepts.
19th October, 1609. It was ordered that : —
no Mr or gov°no' of this Company shall from henceforth have power or authority
in them or any of them to sell morgage or ympawne the fower pieces of Tapistry
hanging^ or any of them wch were bought for die use and creditt of this house.
9th January, 1610. Att this Courte Henry Jones paid vjd to the pore's box for
hanginge out his basons one Twelveth day last.
6th March, 1610. Att this Courte it is ordered that Thomas Burgis shall
at the next Tusedayes Courte pay unto the widdow Burrowes his late M" iiij5 for that
he hath broken her Combes and Sisere-
21st March, 1610. Att this Court it is ordered that the wyddow Saunders shall
no longer reteyne in her service one Allexander ffarrington uppon payne that if shee doe
her basons shalbe taken downe & she comitted to the Compter.
8th May, 1610. At this Court it is ordered that Pyramus Porter shall be pn°tely
discharged out of Prison being layd in by Richard Gessell for that Porter was layd in
wthout the Mre Consent^ .
1 Master in 1604.
20b cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Porter was Gessell's apprentice, and their disagreements had
been before the Court on a previous occasion.
20th August, 1610. Mf. William Gale (who had been Master,
1595) was elected Master; he was an eminent Surgeon but, dying on
19th November, 16 10, was succeeded in his office by Mr. John Peck
(who had been Master in 1605). Mr. Gale was buried at Monken
Hadley, in the chancel of which church may still be seen in the floor
on the North side of the Altar, a brass with an inscription to his
memory, and two brasses with the effigies of his sons and daughters.
There were formerly brasses of the effigies of William Gale and his
two wives, but they have unfortunately been removed.
The arms of Gale (as appearing on his son's brass in Monken
Hadley Church) Az. on a fesse betw. three saltires ar. as many lyons'
heads era. of the field langued gules.1
20th September, 1610. Att this Court a motion being proposed by the
present Mrs to thentent to bringe the howse out of debt, wch cannot be soddenly effected
except the Assistauntf of this board shall of their owne free willf by their p^ticuler
free guiftf or other wise by the voluntary free loane of money to this howse for a
certayne tyme, be assistinge And thereupon Mr Warden ffenton declared that or Mr
was contented towardf soe good an accon to gyve freely xxH and Mr Warden ffenton
vj" xiijs iiijd Mr Warden Veare iij" vjs viijd Mr Warden Hassald xls And demaundinge
of the residue of the bord what they would gyve, Mr Wood he would gyve x" if the
howse will renewe his lease, Mr S^jaunt Goodorus would thinck of itt, Mr Leycock
Mr Thorney Mr Gerard Mr Rodes & Mr ffrederick would doe the lick Mr Thomas
Martyn would gyve xxs Mr Isard vj5 viijd Mr Mapes would gyve xls Mr Johnson Mr ffoster
Mr Ingolsby & Mr Coghill they would doe as others in their Ranck would doe. Mr
Cook would gyve xxxiij5 iiijd-
1 6th October, 16 10. Att this Court It is agreed that one Henry Pullyard
a Drummer shalbe admitted to be the Drummer to this howse And he is to have
1 The tinctures are from Burke's Armory.
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 207
for ev°y dayes service that he shall serve as a Drummer to this Company on the
lord Mayors daie the some of xiijs iiij'1-
20th November, 1610. Att this Court ytt is ordered that William Jones
shall bringe in the next Tuesdaye Cort xx5 for a ffyne for keeping two shoppes.
22nd November, 1610. Roger Joanes, a Waterman, was
appointed Bargeman with a yearly fee of 20s., and was in con-
sideration thereof to find a Barge with " all thingf therein and
therewith fittinge " whenever the Company should require the same
for £$ on each occasion.
nth June, 161 1. Itt is likewise ordered that the Clothworker wch practizeth
Barberye about Thames Street if he be found workinge, that then he shalbe comitted
to the Compter.
1 8th July, 161 1. At this Court upon the humble suite of Edward Handsome
it was thought fitt & decreed that he should first agree w"1 the Informer, wdl being
done come & make his suite to this house at some Court of Assistant^ and then he
shoulde knowne & fynd howe kyndlye they would deale wth him.
8th October, 161 1. Att this Court John Scott was ffyned at vjs viijd for
refuseinge to holde the place of a whiffler.
4th May, 1613. At this Court Henry Clawes came before the Mrs and by them
is p°hibited and forbidden to keepe a Barbo" shopp or deale any more in surgery for that
he is noe denizen.
22nd August, 16 14. It was ordered that in future, any
liveryman being called to the Court should pay a fine of five marks.
It does not appear that before this time a fine had been taken on like
occasions.
By an entry about this date, it seems that when a "foreigner"
was admitted to the livery he paid £5 for yeomanry and £5 for livery
fines in one payment.
208 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
30th March, 1615. At this Court it is further ordered that the new Ryver water
shalbe taken into this howse so as it maie be had for 30s fyne & 30s p' anil in rent.
6th July, 1 61 5. The hall, which was in "great decay," was
ordered to be viewed by a Committee of the Court, as to its restoration.
1 ith November, 1615. At this Court our M' acquayntinge them how unfortunatlie
it hath happened that the Hall on Tewsdaie night last beinge 7 November was broken
open & what losse the howse susteyned thereby. Whereupon it was then presentlie
considered and then ordered that a present course be taken for the spedie repaieringe
of the howse & tresory howse and that the same shalbe forthwith stronglie borded &
made up at the charges of the howse. And for this purpose this Court did nolate the
p''nte M' together with Mr Peck Mr ffenton Mr Martyn & Mr ffoster for to be Comittees
for the well orderinge & appojntinge of the workmen to doe & finish this worke as in
their discretions shalbe thought mete. And what the Comittees or anie three or two of
them shall thinke fittinge to be done this howse will rate for & allow of as also of the
charge to be borne by this howse.
Note That the xjth daie of November Thomas Lyne confessed how he was the
plotter for the Robbinge of o' Hall and how or plate was Carried to Westm5 & our
monie was devided amongst the theves who were these Thomas Jones Nicholas Sames
& Walter ffoster wch did break open the Hall, whereupon the Clarke haveinge order
from o' Mr went to Westm0 & upon search there made found our plate locked up in a
trunke in the howse of one .... a shoemaker xj1' xviijs of the monie Mr Warden
Coop0 found the same daie in the howse of one ffulses in Fleete Street. About the
xvj,h of Nov. then followinge Thomas Jones was taken who beinge brought to Newgate
in December followinge Jones & Lyne were both executed for this fact.
In January followinge Sames was taken & executed. In April 161 6 ffoster was
taken & executed. Now letts pray God to blesse this howse ever from any more of
these damigees. Amen.
13th December, 1615. At this Court was gyven unto the officers in regard of
their paynes taken in apprehendinge the theves & obteyninge our plate 5" that is to the
Clarke 40s & 301 a peice to the beadell & Porter.
30th June, 1617. At this Court is gyven unto the weif of John Davis a fre
brother who lieth in prison xs-
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. log
27th January, 1618. Upon the humble peticon unto this Companie preferred
by Thomas Shaw a pore brother of this Companie & now lyeinge in Ludgate thereby
sueing for some releife to discharge him out of prison. It is therefore ordered by this
Court that if the some of 30s will discharge him out of prison it shalbe disbursed out of
the stock of this howse.
20th September, 1622. At this Court is gyven to Susan the Clarkf mayde
toward(J her marriage 40s in gratuity.
At this Court it is ordered that Jones the Waterman shall have for the hier of
our barge against the lord Maio15 day fower poundf So as it is a large barge will hold
the hole lyvery And to worke w"' 7 or 8 oweis.'
31st January, 1625. It is straightly ordered by this Courte that the p^nte Mrs or
Governo's and their successors shall take speciall care to comence and prosecute any suite
by lawe against any ignorant imposters or other p°sons exerciseing the arte of Chirurgery
aboute this Cittie not free of this Companye & alsoe such as shall keepe shoppes for
barbery within this Cittye being free of other Companies & not of ours.
19th January, 1626. This daye John Mills and George Roades are chosen to
be of our Assistants for Barbars and Henry Blackley and Peter Thorney for Surgions.
Item this Courte takeing into their consideracons the fewnes of our Livery many
of them being lately dead by reason of the late greate visitacon doe elect and choose John
Finder Edward Charley Edward ffleete Robert Clarke Samuell Dye and Lewis Gossidge
to be of the Clothing of our Companye.
15th February, 1626. At this Courte it is ordered that William Kellett do bring
in his fine of vjs viijd at the next Courte for his unseemely carriage and vile language to
Walter Preist being contrary to the ordinance and good goverment of this house, which
fine the said William Kellett here in Courte refused and said he would not paye it.
At the same Court Priest was ordered to pay Kellett ^3 which
he owed him.
8th June, 1626. Kellett, not having paid his fine, was ordered
to be dismissed out of the livery.
1 Oars.
2 E
no oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
26th October, 1626. But becoming repentant, he made humble
suit to the Court to be reinstated, " protesting here in Courte that as he
hopeth to be saved he did not speak those wordf and if he did he is
very sorroy for it," upon which submission and payment of his fine, he
was readmitted to the livery.
23rd February, 1626. This daye upon the peticon of Thomas Borne and a
certificate under the hand of Doctor Allott that the said Borne was a Scholler of the
house in St. Johns Colledge in Cambridge it is ordered by the Court that for one yeare
ensueing he shall have iij" to be paid him by Mr Ward Molins.
1st February, 1627. Item It is ordered by this Courte that there shalbe given
unto Mr Docto' Gwyn and his sonne for his preferm1 in takeing degree of Batchelo' of
Arte in the universitie of Oxenford xijh as the free gift of this Court.
9th November, 1628. This daye Richard Roades a Barbar & Surgion hath
leave to open his shopp according to the ordinances of this house.
Roades was probably a man who had practised both as a Barber
and a Surgeon outside the Company's jurisdiction (the common usage
of those days), but now being admitted a brother he had licence to
practise "according to the ordinances," that is, either as a Barber or a
Surgeon, but not as both.
5th February, 1629. Upon the humble peticon made unto this Courte by
John ffranck a professor of Surgery the sonne of John ffrancke late of the clothing
of the livery of this Companie for that the said ffranck is nowe taken prisoner in
Turkey and his ransome is assessed to 600 Crownes. In comiseracon of whose
distressed estate in a deede of charitye of soe greate consequence this courte doth
order that upon the said John ffranckf being safe delivered into England here alive
he shall have viij™ paid unto such p°tie as the ransome doth belong unto.
24th July, 1629. This daye in the complaint made unto this Court by
Henry Edwardf against John Cox for arresting of him without the consent of the
Maisters they both being here present in Court It is ordered that Edwardf shall
pave Cox the xxs which he received of him uppon the wager that was wagered betweene
them, and that Mr Cox shall withdraw his accon and proceede noe further in lawe
and It is further ordered that Mr Cox shall paye his fine of a marke on the next Tuesdaie
for not askeing leave of the Maisters to arrest him.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 1 1
1629. The fine for not serving Steward of the Mayor's feast
was £15 6s. Sd., and this had been the usual fine for many years.
1 6th September, 1630. A reference is made to a brick building
which a tenant of the Company was erecting at Holborn Bridge,
under the direction of Inigo Jones.
28th January, 1631. This Court doth give to Marshall Petoe' for his elegies on
Mr Banckf his furTall v*
15th March, 1631. It is ordered by this Courte that the 12 Electors shalbe
chosen and drawne by a ballotting box in this manner, twoe out of the auncient Mrs
one barbar one Surgion, 6 out of those of the whole Assistantf 3 Barbars 3 surgions,
4 out of the livery 2 barbars 2 surgions as shalbe present on the Election daie.
10th April, 1632. Nicholas Moseley made complaint against goody Smith of
her unruly and disorderly Hefe amongst the Tenement^ in the alley at Holborne Bridge
and thereupon this Court doth give him leave to expulse her from dwelling [there]
any longer.
2nd July, 1632. This daye upon the humble and pittifull peticdn made
unto this Court by Richard Hayeward in the behalfe of Ric: Heyward his son whoe
is now captivated and inthrawled under the slaverye of the Turke and his Ransome
being to the some of one C'- wdl the said Heyward is not able to raise, This Court
therefore compassionateing the said Richard Hey wards distressed estate, whoe being a
Christian is in bondage to those Turkish & heathen Infidelles dothe order that there
shalbe x1'1 paid out of the stock of this house for and towards the ransoineing and
redeemeing the Captive at such tyme as the said Richard Heyward the son shalbe
delivered alive here in England and not otherwise.
6th February, 1633. Anthony Mondeys wTdd p'nted to this Court a Booke
called The Surveigh of London beinge in folio and newlie printed.
This would be Munday's edition of Stow presented by his
widow, and for which she, in return, had a present from the Court.
1 A City Poet.
2 E 2
212 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
29th November, 1633. It is ordered that for the stock of Corne to be provided
yearely by this house every one of the AssistantC of the Liverye shall lend xls presently
and every one of the liverye shall lend XXs o' Mr giveing a noate under his hand that
the house shall repaie it within a moneth after each mans death to his executors if it
be demaunded And soe hereafter every p°son that cometh into the Assistant^ to lend xls-
or that cometh into the liverye to lend xx~-
4th March, 1634. 52 quarters of corn only being in the granary,
it was ordered that 8 quarters more should be purchased to make up
the complement of 60, which the Company were required by the
City to keep in stock.
14th January, 1634. The question of "Ship money" being
considered by the Court, it was thought that the Surgeons of the
Company were free from the same by Charter, and a Committee of
the Court was appointed to take counsel's opinion thereon.
20th April, 1635. £\o was ordered to be given towards the
restoration of the Church of St. Alban, Wood Street.
2nd June, 1635. Hugh Ward, for his absence from lectures,
was summoned before the Court, when he used "approbrious language,"
and defied the Masters,
Whereupon this Court did in the Lord Maiors name comitt the said Hugh to
the Compter in Woodstreete & charged the said Ward to staye but he struggled to gett
forth of yc parlor soe the Mre comaunded the dores to be shutt till an officer had taken
him in charge, but after the officer had him in charge and they were gone forth into the
streete (as the officer reported to this Court) Ward stepped from him and drew his knife
& swoare hee would sheath it in his guttes if he came after him and soe he made an
escape from the officer.
13th August, 1635. Ward made his submission and paid a
fine of \os.
1st December, 1635. John Robinson a forreyne barb was questioned here in
Court for setting up a barbars shopp in Ulnckfriers before he had made knowne to this
xber Surgions London,
Memorandum. That whereas by Precept yearly from the light Honoura-
ble , the Lord Mayor, an J Court of Aldermen. Our compsnieis ftreightly
commanded to provide and have readie L XXX Quarters of Come for this Cities
{ervice, a Court of Afliftants, was held the 18th. Day of December 1613. %q
confider how to raife the Money, in regard our Companie is much indebted, bjp
building our Granary, c^r.And upon mature deliberation had, it was concluded!
&ordered,that each Perfon then bemg,or that thereafter mould be, aLivery-nsarfo
(hould thereunto lend XX s. To be hereafter by theMafters, or Governours> for,
the time being, repaid out of their Corne-ftock, to fach Livery-mans Executors,
or Adminiftrators , withinone moneth next^ftcr fuch Livery-mans death, feeing
demanded, we therefore the prefent Matters, or Governours,do hereby acknow-
ledge our felves to have received of Mr. \^ <^<&j*d>- — —
the faid allotted forae of Twenty (hillings for the -life aforefaids And do hereby
promifc, that we or, our S ucceflors then being, (hall repay the faicl^ XXs^ ac'coj
ding as is before expreffed wienefs our hands tjiis 3 % dayol Q/^xi^
Arm Dm. — 16 &£ /, ...^6. fBo^~l^ /
CORN NOTE. (See p. 212.)
On me £<z^i ^std&tf* wo&tz- py/r&z/r t^W //u</ d&rrjtw. Aei^tm^na^A? /£&
Off/isAjM* <?f ' ,/<7?ukn/. ksu// ^ Me- ^t/m^rl-<x//y c^ &&/ jg/cwnuel. ' \^Jra.
nae>
Tulli/b{lJan-,:jlyff3/>j/J^SmuA G^Mays Buildings. S.1 Marhns Lan^
c/lunals of the Barber-Surgeons. 213
Court that he had served 7 yeares appnPticeship with a barbar by trade, and had a licence
to sett upp shopp, said he was bound app°ntice to Rich. Davyes of Hereford barbar
x"' of Januar xxj"' of King James for 8 yeares but could not bring testimony he had
served that time This Court doth charge him to take in his barbars pole & basons & to
forbeare keepeing that shopp any longer.
8th March, 1637. Whereas there was an intencon to make an open Gallery
The Court is now resolved & doe order that it shalbe made a convenient faire Parlour
over the walke leading into the Theater at the costf of ys house.
30th March, 1637. It is ordered that the Gallery or Parlour leading to the
Theater from the Bulhvarke shalbe built and the Hall Cupboard that cants into the stone
yarde shalbe taken downe and the leade thereof shalbe imployed to leade the Tarris that
passeth from that plo' into the Theater.
19th May, 1637. ^,10 was ordered to be paid towards the
ransom of Thomas Wright, a Surgeon, who had been captured by
the Turks.
10th June, 1637. It is ordered that the 3 stone Columbf allready wrought
shalbe sett up and the walk next the hall side to be leaded over and railes & turned
ballasters to be sett up Alsoe that there shalbe Iron barrs for all the windowes Alsoe a
Portland stone for the mantle tree Alsoe a tablett of stone shalbe sett up in the front and
the Mr & Wardeins names to be insculpted thereon and a sunn diall to be in a convenient
place.
24th July, 1637. It is ordered that the Concave seeking of the Theater shalbe
painted with the Constellacons of the Heavens and the 7 planetts over the 12 signes in
every peere and sceletons to be wrought and sett up on every one of the 1 2 signes or
Corbells.
Alsoe that this mottoe shalbe sett in the tablett of stone in the front of the greate
p°lor. This Parlour was built in y° yeare of or Lord 1637 Mr Richard Powell being Mr
Mr John Heydon Mr W° Huckle Mr Law: Cotton Wardeins.
13th August, 1637. The painting the ceiling of the Theatre
was ordered to be deferred until next year, and the scaffolding to be
taken down forthwith.
214 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
20th September, 1637. It is ordered that the seeking of the greate p^lo' shalbe
boarded shott & planed over with hole deales.
20th September, 1637. It is ordered that there shalbe given xls to St Edmunds
berey for reliefe of the poore people visited with the plague.
20th November, 1637. It is ordered that the yeomanryes hearse cloth shalbe
altered and the imbrothered scutchions & figures to be decently sett by an Imbrotherer
to be alwayes used at the publique discections in the Theater.
28th December, 1637. This daye complaint was made agl Thomas Trevilion
now Rento' Wardein both for his obstinacy and ill words and exacting money from
yonge freemen and throughing up his keyes of the Threasurye & sayeing he would
come no more to keepe CourtC at the Hall and desireing to be put out of his place,
for wch his misdemeanors and other evill behavio' being made apparent to this Court
and his acknowledgem' of them upon due consideracon of all wdl It is ordered by this
Court y' the said Thomas Trevilion doe stand and shalbe from henceforth absolutely
removed and dismissed from his office & place of ffowerth Mr or Governor-
Mr. William Lingham was subsequently chosen in Trevilion's
place.
The Court sometimes acted in the capacity of private trustees
of the estates of deceased members, and among the archives there
remains a deed of acknowledgment signed by the Master and Wardens
in 1637, wherein it is recited that Richard Mapes, a former Master
of the Mystery, deceased, had left legacies to his four children, then
being infants, and had appointed his wife Faith, executrix and trustee,
with the proviso that in the event of her marrying again the Court of
this Company were to be the trustees for the said children, and that the
widow, having remarried, had paid over the children's portions to
the Masters or Governors. Attached is the seal of the Barber
Surgeons, unfortunately not perfect, though a good specimen.
8th February, 1638. It is ordered that the Seaven liberall Sciences shalbe
provided for the Theater by the Mr and Wardens at the house charge soe it exceede
not x"- Xs- the carveing of them.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
215
29th March, 1638. The whole of the Assistants and Livery
were called together to know what they would give to the building
fund, when the following sums were promised.
Mr Serj Clowes - -
x«.
Edward Charley
. v*
Robert Bulluck -
- iij"-
Mr Rich Wateson -
XH.
Edward ffleete -
vii.
Thomas Bowden -
- iij"-
Mr Michaell Andrews
x"-
Henry Eaton
v!i.
John Dorrell -
- iiij"-
Mr Hen Blackley -
x.i.
Henry Boone -
- v'1.
James Clarke - -
- iiij"
Mr Warden Burgen -
v.i.
Samuell Sambrooke
- iij"-
Hugh Warde -
ij"-
Mr Warden Cotton -
v,i.
Hugh Napkin -
if
William Watson -
- iij"-
Mr Warden Lingham
v.li.
Morrice Griffith -
v'i.
Nicholas Brothers
- iij"-
Mr John Heydon- -
VH.
W" Bennett - -
- iij"-
John Meredith -
- iij"-
Mr Nicholas Heath -
y.i.
Robert Terrill - -
if
Thomas Biggs
- iiij"-
Mr William Huckle -
iij"-
Edward Arris -
. v«.
Phillip Gill - -
. v"-
Mr Martine Browne -
x,
Humfrey Painter -
- iij"-
Charles Stamford
- iij"-
Mr W" Kinge - - -
Vs-
Thomas Allen - -
ij"- Xs-
James Walsall
- iij"-
Mr John Pinder - -
v"-
Lawrence Loe - -
. v"-
•
3rd July, 1638. This daye was made knowne to this Court y1 Jo" Pemberton
formerly chosen an Assistant hath given his answeare that he will not hold that place
nor come to the Hall unlesse he were drawne with wild horses thither, whereupon this
Court doth fine him at x"- & that he shalbe prosecuted for the same at Lawe.
1 6th August, 1638. A stormy election of Master and Wardens
was holden this day, and a very precise minute of the proceedings
is entered, from which it appears that the Court and Livery being
assembled, the Master declared —
The occasion of this solempne meeteing & the necessarye succession of the
Governors & governem' of this Corporacon. And thereupon a ballatting box being
sett on the table and the names of the auncient Mrs & Assistants and livery being
severally put into the twoe Sells of y' box, or Mr according to order did first drawe
forth the names of theis twelve p'sons following for Electors viz' for the Six Surgians
Mr Rich Wateson Mr Martine Browne M' Jo" Pinder Tho. Tomlinson Edward Arris
cSj Henry Eaton. And for the other six Mr Richard Powell Mr William Huckle
Mr Jo" Davyes Mr Samuell Die Hen. Hodgkinson & Evan Owen. And thereupon
the said Electors haveing w'Mrawne themselves from the publique Assemblye & taken
2/6 c/fnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
their oathes upon the holye evangelists for the election of fower Masters or Governo'5
for the yeare ensueing, The Mrs and the rest of the Assembly made their repaire to
the Church and after Sermon upon their returne to the Hall the Masters being called
to those 1 2 Electors they were informed that the Election could not proceede and
be made,
by reason that certain of the Electors being of divers trades
were unable to agree upon two persons expert in Barbery, and these
Electors refusing to choose two Masters Barbers, a Court was at once
held and the six Barber Electors were discharged, six more Electors
being chosen and called ; two of these, however, being contaminated
by those already dismissed, refused to serve, and eventually a fresh
set of Electors was chosen, who retired, and elected Mr. William
Clowes, Serjeant-Surgeon to the King, as Master, and three others
Wardens, " and after dinner ended and the Seremonye pfonmed
by the Masters or Governors of chooseing the new Mrs or Governors
with silver Garlands in the publique Hall," the new Master and
Wardens were sworn in.
8th November, 1638. A great feud having arisen between the
Court and Richard Morrice, an Assistant, a suit was prosecuted against
Morrice in the Earl Marshal's Court, when the sentence pronounced
against him was that he should attend the Court at the Hall, and there
bareheaded rehearse in an audible voice an abject apology, the exact
words of which are set out. This Morrice did, and the Master and
Wardens having testified the same, he was again called into Court,
when it would seem that his apology had been made under fear of the
Earl Marshal and not of his free will, for the Court calling upon him to
make answer "for his contentious carriage & foule & bitter languages
& invective speeches by him given from Court to Court ag' divers
Assistant^ to the generall disturbance of their Courtf he refused to
cleare himselfe or to give answeare," whereupon the Court dismissed
him from his place as an Assistant.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
21 J
13th September, 1640. This Court is willing that there shalbe a distribucon of
Mr Mapes Legacy on Cosmas and Damianus day being the 27th of this Instant September
to 12 poore people 12 Angells according to the directions of M"' Joy they haveing red
crosses on theire brests.
Memorand. on the 27"1 September being Cosmus and Damianus day 6" 13s 4d
was distributed according to Mr Richard Mapes Will, viz' These 12 poore persons free
of our Company came into our Hall with red Crosses each of them on theire right Brests
and the Governours gave to each of them 10s which amounted to 6U and the 13s 4d was
to themselves for a repast for their paynes.
The poores
names were
Widdow Wright.
Widdow James.
Widdow Colley.
Old Holmewood.
Widdow Bullock.
Blind Reynolds.
Widdow Chapman.
Widdow Tyler.
Widdow Pebworth.
Old Kelham.
John Mulis.
Widdow Wadlowe.
20th November, 1640. A dispute between Edward Molins and
one Coppinger was heard by the Court, when the decision was
against Molins, and he was fined for using bad language.
12th January, 1641. Edward Molins came into the Court and stood in the face
of the Court with his Hatt on his head and his Armes on his side and told the Court he
would doe noe obedience to the cotc and swore Gods wounds he would submitt to noe
man liveing.
15th January, 1641. Molins was fined 40s for this contempt.
1 8th January, 1641. Richard Tompkins & Symon Crouch Surgeons by
profession yet useing Barbery, This Court doth give them Order by our Lady day next to
leave barbeing it being against ye Statute to practise both.
29th July, 1641. Mr. George Dunn hath given 51' to buy Bookes for the Library
which is by this Court ordered to be performed accordingly.
2 F
2/8 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
There having been many quarrels in the Court, and various
members expelled, a general shaking of hands appears to have taken
place, for we read : —
30th July, 1644. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe order That a Sermon be
made on the next Election day of thankes giveing to Almighty God for peace and amity
which is now begun to be restored among the members of the Company And that Mr
Sharpe be desired to performe the same.
9th March, 1645. ln's day Mr Callice Barber being complayned of for teaching
to trimm to other then his Apprentices contrary to the Ordinance of this House did
absolutely deny the same upon the Oathe that he tooke upon his admission into the
ffreedome.
17th March, 1645. Mr. William Kings this day freely gave for the Ornament of
this House a great Tortershell Whereon at his owne charge he hath given order for the
Companyes Amies to be painted.
This shell is preserved at the Hall.
7th January, 1646. Mr Michaell Markeland appeareing to this Court at the
request of our Mr he was here complayned of to have embalmed severall humane Bodyes
within this City against the Ordinance of this Company in that behalf being an Apothecary
and not a Surgeon approved according to Law Nor a ffreeman of this Company which
Mr Markeland acknowledged But alleadged It was through his ignorance Not knowing
that the right thereof was in approved Surgeons and ffreemen of this Company only and
none other And being now well satisfyed thereof haveing heard the said Ordinance read
unto him promised not to doe the like againe.
2nd June, 1646. This daye Mr. Lawrence Loe Chirurgeon a Member of this
Company through his good affection thereunto Did for the worship thereof freely offer to
give for the beautifying of the Hall soe many stones of black and white Marble as shalbe
sufficient for the Pavement thereof.
These marbles were laid to form the floor at the upper end of
the Hall, and when the Hall was pulled down they were preserved and
now form the pavement in the Entrance to the Hall from Monkwell
Street.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 1 g
There is a Memorandum that Mr. John Bancks by his will
left—
To the Company of Barber Chirurgions London so long as they shall performe
the uses hereafter limitted (or els not) To be paid them betwixt the first and seaventh day
of May next after the decease of the said John Banckes and so yearely for ever the sume
of Twenty shillings wch Twenty shillings shalbe by the said Company distributed in forme
following viz' To Twelve poore householders or widowes of the same Company To each
of them ffower poundf weight of good beefe Two penny loaves of good sweet bread Two
pence a peece in mony and each of them one Woodden platter.
14th December, 1646. This Court doth at the humble suite of the Ordinary of
the Goale of Newgate freely give unto him 10s for his releife in his present want.
7 tii July, 1647. This Court doth give to John ffranck Chirurgeon who hath bin
for a long time in Captivity in Turkey iiij" towards the setting him forth to sea and doth
order that he be admitted into the ffreedome gratis when he shall desire it.
See the Minute 5th February, 1629. John Franck (the son of
a Liveryman) was doubtless a "foreign brother," and entitled to his
freedom by patrimony upon payment of the fine, which the Court now
ordered to be dispensed with if he wished to take up his freedom.
Being a Sea Surgeon only, it was not necessary that he should be free
of the Company. He had probably been in slavery 18 years !
Several entries similar to the following are to be found in
the books.
9th August, 1647. Upon the humble suite of Thomas Tomlinson an ancient
Member of this Company and of the Livery now fallen into greate Poverty and Want
for some charitable releife from this Company. This Court being moved in Compassion
to his deplorable Condicon and calling to mind his former good service to this Company
Doth freely give him io1'- out of the Stock of this House.
14th September, 1648. Samuell Needier an examined Chirurgeon complayned
to this Court that he was required to beare Armes notwithstanding his exempcon
therefrom and therefore craved this Courts Assistance in his defence therein which
was granted.
22 o c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
27th October, 1648. Mr Warden Madocks and certaine others of the Assistants
here present desireing to peruse our Charter for theire informacon the better to enable
them for the Govemement of this Company had a sight thereof and were well satisfied
in every particuler.
13th August, 1655. Mr. John Gale of Bushey (son of William
Gale, M. 1595) a Surgeon of this Company, by his Will of this date
left to the Barber-Surgeons ,£16 per annum, payable out of certain
houses on Snow hill, in the parish of Saint Sepulchre, for the
founding of an Anatomy lecture in the name of Gale's Anatomy.
This trust was transferred to the Surgeons' Company in 1745.
Our Minute Books from the year 1651 to i6Sg are unhappily
lost; they are known to have been at the Hall as recently as 1832.
Should any reader ever light upon them, he is particularly entreated
to communicate with the Clerk of the Company or with the author.
1689. The practice was now adopted of entering all admissions
to the freedom, etc., in the Court Minute Books (as well as in the
Register) the forms being as follows : — •
3rd September, 1689. For an apprentice :
Johes Rawson appr Caroli Peters admls est ex Rel Magri & Jur.
for a freeman by patrimony :
Ptriis Hartley Staconer fil9 Thome Hartley Civis & Barbitonsor0 & Chirurg0
London admis est p° patrimon ex Rel Isaacii Boddington Weaver & Witti Bletsoe
Grocer, Witti Bateman Barbitonsor1 & Chirurgof' London & Jur.
for a freeman by redemption :
Henr Chamberlane admis est p° redemcon v°tute ordem Cur0 Major0 & Aldrn
Dat xviij" die Augusti 1689 & Jur.
17th January, 1690. This day an order was sealed to presse 40 Surgeons mates
for the Kings service in Ireland.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 221
At this period all freemen on their admission " took the oathes
mentioned in a late Act of Parliament & subscribed the Declaration
therein named ": these were the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy as
required by the "Bill of Rights" (passed December, 16S9).
2nd July, 1690. Ordered that the Clarke keep an accompt of all p°sons faleing
at a Court of Assistants and that every one faileing for every such time soe doeing shall
forfeit vs & shall not be admitted to binde or make ffree untill he or they have made
payment of the same of which they are to have notice except Sr John Letheullier
Sr Humfry Edwin & Mr Thomas Canham.
29th April, 1693. Ordered that the 2 Chirurgeons Governo'5 & whome they
shall thincke fitting to call to them Attend the Archbishopp of Canterbury conserning
his Barber practiceing Chirurgery.
20th July, 1693. Ordcl that a lease bee taken of the Archbishopp for one &
twenty yeare from the 19th day of July 1693 for the Barge house1 & that as the Governors
have agreed a ffine of the same they pay to his Grace the sume of one hundred pounds
besides ffees.
3rd October, 1693. Ordered that the Bargeman have a new coate & britches &c.
19th July, 1694. Ordered that Mr George Minikin bee warned before the Lord
Major to shew cause why he doe not attend the Court of Assistants as he hath been
chosen one of them.
1 8th June, 1696. A new sun dial was ordered to be put up.
About this period there seems to have been a general dis-
inclination to serve as an Assistant, many of the Livery being fined
.£10 for refusing to serve the office, while some who had sat as
Assistants were dismissed the Court for non-attendance.
25th October, 1697. Ordered that the Barge house bee mended & Mr Warden
Pinke take care to see it done.
1 At Lambeth.
000
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1 8th August, 1698. Ordered that the Govern" dispose of the Barge & let the
Barge house from yeare to yeare.
1 2th October, 1698. Ordered That there may be papers made for a subscripton
for a Barge.
21st October, 1700. Ordered that the ill manadgement of the late Master M'
Tho: Lichfeild as to his office of Master and his other offices of Warden bee p''sented to
the next Court of Assistants in order to bee expel°d the s°d Court it being the opinion of
this Comittee that he deserves soe to bee as alsoe for being any longer an examin' he
haveing acted contrary to the establish"" of the Corporacon in the s'1 offices.
8th November, 1700. A Committee of the Court having waited
upon the Commissioners of the Navy and reported that Mr. Lichfeild
had committed irregularities in certifying men as qualified Surgeons for
sea service, such men not being duly qualified, the Court adjudged him
to be dismissed from his office of an Examiner in Surgery, and out of
the Court of Assistants.
10th March, 1707. The new Clerk, Mr. Chas. Bernard, seems
to have been industrious in searching out practising Barbers not free of
the Company, as also others who had committed abuses ; several were
fined and compelled to take up their freedom and this day the following
entries occur : —
Clyett being sumoned for Shaveing on Sunday last appeared before the Comittee
and the ffact being plainly proved against him the Comittee fined him ten shillings for his
said offence.
Newland being sumoned for the like offence appeared also before the Comittee
but there being no possitive proofe against him he was dismissed.
John Gould a Dutchman being sumoned for keeping a Shopp and exercising the
trade of a Barber not being ffree of this Company And the matter being plainly proved
against him the Comittee ordered him to be prosecuted on the statutes of the 32nd of
Hen 8th and the 5"1 of Queen Elizabeth.
o/Jnnak of the Barber-Surgeons.
Ordered that a Second Suinons be sent to all such Defaulters as have not
appeared with intimation that theire frines will be levied on them by distresse.
Ordered that Thomas Latham be sumoned to take upp his ffreedome &
that all other persons exerciseing Barbery not being ffree of this Company be sumoned.
17th March, 1707. Nineteen delinquents who had been
summoned appeared, and their cases were heard ; a few examples will
suffice — One Darby was "seen to comb a persons haire on Sunday
morning last but alleadging that it was his ffather," he was let off
with 5J. fine.
Lewis Roger made answer that it " was onely his Apprentice
combing a persons haire without his knowledge and that it was
his first offence," he likewise escaped with a $s. fine.
James Good was more fortunate, for proving that his offence
"was onely the Combing of a Lodgers Wigg," he escaped.
Willm. Haslegrove appears to have filled up the measure of
his iniquity, for being detected in " actually shaveing a person on
Sunday morning," he was fined 10s.
Samuel Beaumont, charged with keeping two Barbers' shops,
had a month given him to part with one of them, and John Shoard
who, not being free of the Company, kept a Barber's shop in
Cloth Fair, was ordered to quit the same within two months.
31st March, 1707. Elizabeth Presbury being sumoned appeared & alleadged
that she was very poore & that her husband was an Idle man and promised to reforme
her method whereupon the Comittee excused her.
The number of Barbers fined for working on Sundays, or for
keeping shop not being free, was enormous, and it becomes wearying
to travel through the records of their offences and fines.
224 c/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
17th June, 1708. Ordered that the Company's Barge house and the Dwelling
house thereunto belonging be forthwith repaired.
13th January, 1709. Sir Edward Northey was appointed
standing counsel to the Company with a yearly retainer of two guineas.
15th April, 1709. Upon complaint made against one Henry Drudge for
exerciseing Barbery & Surgery w,hin the City not being ffree he attended and alleadged
that he haveing been a Soldier in the late Warr thought himself intituled to keep his
Shoppe without takeing up his ffreedome, by Virtue of the Act of Parliament made upon
the disbanding the Army which gives liberty to disbanded soldiers to exercise any
trade within the Corporations or places where they were borne, altho0 they had not
served seven years to it But the Court believing that act did not extend to Drudge
by reason he was not borne in London, ordered that in case he did not shut up his
Shop in a month's time he should be prosecuted.
21st July, 1709. In consequence of the great expense to which
the Company had been put in the repairs to the Hall, the Court
determined to call thirty-one freemen into the Livery, and the fine
being £\o each on admission or £20 on refusal, a considerable
sum was realized.
It having been suggested to the Court that the yeomanry
objected to pay 20s. for "corn money" when called to the Livery,
the Clerk was directed to enquire into the origin of that tax, and
finding that it had been originally levied on each member taking his
livery, to satisfy the precepts made in 1633, and afterwards for
providing a stock of corn for the City ; and for that at the present
time the Company had no Granary or stock of corn to provide, and
"being out of debt," it was ordered that in future this fine should be
discontinued.
1 8th August, 1709. At the Election, ten of the Livery who
had attended without their gowns, were severally fined and paid is.
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 2^
each, and there are other references to Assistants being fined for not
appearing in their gowns.
4th October, 1709. A complaint being made against Richard Stockwell for
being copartner with a fforreigner & the fact being made appeare pritty plain against him
the Court fined him five pounds being the penalty imposed by the By Law, But upon his
promise to discharge his said partner the Court were pleased to remitt his ffine.
18th April, 1 7 10. Mr John Booth a Surgeon at Warrington in Lancashire
applying to this Court to be admitted a fforeign brother & he being examined in
Surgery & approved It was ordered that upon his payment of ten Guineas he should be
admitted a fforeign brother of this Company, But the said Mr Booth refusing to take that
part of the fforeign brothers oath whereby he was sworne to be true to the Queen he
was not for that reason admitted.
1st June, 1 7 10. It is ordered that the Members present at this Court shall be
excused from wearing their gowns in regard to the heat of the weather.
20th October, 1710. It is ordered for the accomodation of the Members of this
Court of the Barbers side for the seeing & being heard at Courts of Assistants That for
the future at all Courts of Assistants the Governors on the Surgeons side shall set even
with the Ma' next on his right hand & the Governo" on the Barbers side next on his
left. But that at all other Courts all the Governo" shall according to their seniority
sett along the side of the Parlour Table on the left hand of the Master in such maner as
has been accustomed.
nth January, 171 1. The Clerk's and Beadle's houses were
ordered to be insured against fire, for ^600 in the "Amicable Society."
20th February, 171 1. Mr. Willm. Smith, an Assistant, com-
plained that Mr. Joseph Cosins, also an Assistant, and his junior in the
freedom, had always taken precedence of him at the Courts, whereupon
the matter was considered and the following order made : —
Forasmuch as it appeared that Mr Cosins was first chosen into the Court of
Assistants & that it is in the power of this Court to chuse whom they shall think fitt to
be an Assistant out of the whole Livery without respect to Seniority & for that Mr Cosins
2 G
22 6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
continued for many years in his present station as Assistant The Court were of opinion
& did so declare themselves to be That the sd Mr Cosins shou'd continue to take place
of the said Mr Smith as he formerly had done.
9th July, 171 1. The Common Seal of the Company being
worn out a new one was ordered to be cut in steel, together with an
" Ingine," wherewith to make the impressions.
6th May, 1712. Ordered that the Porter who shaves att the Custome house be-
sumoned.
27th May, 1 71 2. Walter Browne being "one of the people
called Quakers," was admitted into the freedom and took a "solemn
affirmation."
7th April, 1 7 13. Valentine Day Tallow Chandler was admitted into the
freedom of this Company by Redempcon and at the same time was admitted to fiine for
all offices to the Parlour door for both which he paid a ffine Clock worth 301'-
5th October, 17 14. It is ordered that the Musitioners shall have five pounds
for attending on the day of the Kings Entrance. (George I.)
5th June, 1 7 16. Nathanael Charles owned that he has several times let blood
for One shilling & sixpence upon which the Company ordered him to be prosecuted
as also his Mast' Joseph Roe ; twas observed that Roe could not write his name
having sett his mark only to the Inttre.1
15th August, 1717. Mr William Highmore Junr haveing marryed the Vintners
widow who kept the Bell Taverne in Nicholas lane applying to this Court and
acquainting them that he had quitted the Barbers Trade and had undertook the
trade of a Vintner, and was for that reason under a necessity of becomeing a freeman
of the Vintners Company or of takeing a License from the Crown to retail wine
and praying of this Court to translate him from this Company to the Company of
Vintners, This Court after hearing the By-Law in that behalf read and due consideracon
had thereof doth order that the said Mr William Highmore shall be translated from
this Company into the Company of Vintners upon payment of ^20 to the use
of this Company and upon Condicon that he shall not from henceforward exercise the
trade of a Barber or Perriwig maker.
1 Indenture.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 22 7
1st October, 171 7. Robert Rainsford, the Company's Barge
Master, was ordered to have a new livery provided for him.
24th June, 1718. The Theatre was ordered to be repaired
and beautified.
21st April, 1720. Mr. Berney, Mr. Burroughs and Mr.
•Fitzhugh, Liverymen Barbers, applied to the Court, giving their
reasons and praying that the Court would petition the Lord Mayor,
Aldermen, and Common Council to suspend the act of Common
Council restraining them from employing foreigners as journeymen,
whereupon the matter was considered and the Court thought it
would be contrary to their oaths to join in any such petition,
because it was a standing By-Law of the Company, as well as
of the City, that no Barber should employ any foreigner as a
journeyman ; it was also considered that such a liberty would prove
a great discouragement to apprentices and that the present incon-
venience complained of would soon be cured if Masters would
sufficiently instruct their apprentices so as to make them useful
during their servitude and competent as journeymen afterwards.
The Court further decided to oppose, by every means in its power,
the movement set on foot by Mr. Berney and his friends.
24th June, 1722. The lease of the Barge-house at Lambeth
expiring in April, 1723, and the Archbishop having offered to renew
the same for 21 years at ,£10 per annum and ^"ioo fine, it was resolved
not to renew it, in consequence of its being an unprofitable property,
and the Company not then having a barge. The Barber-Surgeons
let off part of their Barge-house to the Drapers and Ironmongers, and
the Clerk was instructed to give those Companies notice that it
was not the intention of this Company to renew the lease from
the Archbishop.
2 o 2
2 28 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
2nd December, 1729. In consequence (as was alleged) of the
difficulty in sometimes procuring a full Court, it was ordered that
in future each Assistant who attended within one hour of the time
mentioned in his summons and remained till the rising of the Court,
should receive a fee of 2s. 6d.
1 st February, 1731. It is ordered that all the Liverymen shall attend on
Election day and Lord Mayors day in their Gowns and at publick anatomys in their
Capps upon Forfieture of Three shillings and Fourpence for every offence.
8th July, 1 73 1. A precept coming from the Lord Mayor
recommending the Company to contribute "towards the relief of the
poor sufferers by the late fires at Blanford Tiverton & Ramsey being
read The Court upon consideracon had thereof and from a just
sense of the calamity and distress of their fellow subjects the late
inhabitants of the said towns," ordered .£20 to be paid into the
Chamber of London.
1732. The following fines were in force at this date, viz. : — ■
£6 6s. orf. for a Barber admitted to the freedom by redemption.
£ to for a free Barber admitted to the Livery.
£2,0 for a Barber's or Surgeon's apprentice, made free by
servitude, admitted to the Livery, and for all offices to the parlour
door.
£7 js. od. for examination, admission and diploma of a foreign
brother.
£3 35. od. for the same, if the applicant had been bound to a
foreign brother at the Hall.
5th March, 1733. It is hereby referred to the Master & Wardens Mr Serj'
Dickins Mr Serj' Amyand Mr Petty Mr Shott Mr Parker & Mr Maurice to receive proposalls
for Building a Cupola in the Hall parlor and report the same to the next Court of
Assistants.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 22 c)
19th July, 1733. Several of the livery attending upon a complaint against a
Jew in Duke's place for exercising the trade of a Barber without being free of the
Company or having served seven years apprenticeship It is ordered that the Clerk of the
Company shall sue the said Jew in such manner as he shall think fitt or be advised at the
Company's expence.
4th May, 1736. At this Court Abraham Diaz Delgadoa Jew was admitted into
the freedom of the Company by Redemption for Ten pounds Ten shillings which he paid
down and was sworn upon the Old Testament being a Jew.
3rd August, 1738. The Company contributed five guineas
towards the Organ recently set up in the Church of Saint Alban, Wood
Street.
3rd April, 1739. Mr John Owen a Freeman of the Company & who lives at
Islington was chosen Musicianer to the Company in the room of Mr Brown deced.
nth November, 1740. It is ordered (in regard this Company have no Barge)
That the Waterman shall forthwith deliver up his Livery coat and Badge belonging to the
Company to the Beadles and that he no longer be annually intitled from this Company to
a new Coat nor make use of nor wear the old one but that when he shall be employed in
the Companies service. And also that for the future on every Lord Mayor's day that this
Company shall walk in procession in order to attend the Ld Mayor a Stand or proper
building shall be provided at the Companies expence for the better accomodation of the
Livery belonging to this Company and in such manner and fform as several other
Companies of this City are usually provided with on that day.
1745. The Surgeons are now separated from the Barbers.
8th August, 1745. The Clerk reporting that many of the
Company, as well as Surgeons lately free of the Barber-Surgeons'
Company, were greatly in arrear in their quarterage, he was ordered to
acquaint them that unless the said arrears were paid up forthwith, they
would be sued.
17th September, 1745. The Company of Surgeons sent to the
Company of Barbers two documents under their Common Seal, the one
2 jo cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
authorising Mr. Joseph Cruttenden to peruse and copy any Charters or
documents in the possession of the Barbers, and the other empowering
him to take possession of any books, papers or writings relating to
Surgeons or Surgery only, on behalf of the Company of Surgeons ;
whereupon the Court acceded to the request, and gave instructions as
to the same.
4th December, 1745. Mr. Cruttenden applied on behalf of the
the Surgeons' Company for ^510 (the Arrisian endowment) which had
been directed to be paid by the Act of Parliament, whereupon the
Master told him that by reason of the late fall in the Public Stocks, the
Company could not without great loss, raise the money, but were
ready to give the Surgeons a proper bond for the same, with Interest.
19th February, 1746. Forty-one freemen were reported as
being fit and able persons to take the Livery, and were ordered to be
summoned for the same with the intimation that if any refused he or
they would be sued for the penalty of ,£20 each upon such refusal.
Of these, seven appeared at the next Court, took the livery and
paid the fine of £\o; six others begged to be excused. The remaining
twenty-eight did not appear till later Courts, when some were excused,
and others ordered to be sued ; subsequently a large proportion of
those nominated, accepted and paid their fines.
17th July, 1746. The Surgeons' Company having pressed for
payment of the ^510 and Interest, and our Company having in Cash
but ^300, Mr. Luke Maurice (Master 1732, a Wine Merchant in
Lime Street) lent the Company ^200 at 4^ per cent., and the Clerk
advanced the balance, whereupon the principal, with ^15 17s. od.
interest, was paid to the Surgeons.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 231
18th May, 1747. The Master acquainting the Court that he had employed
M* Whiston the Bookseller to putt the Company's Library in order and to make a
Catalogue and valuation thereof And that Mr Whiston had appraised the same at
Twenty Guineas And the Clerk acquainting the Court that a learned Physican had
offered twenty-five Guineas for the Library together with the Skeleton and other
curiosities formerly kept in the Library It was ordered that the Clerk should acquaint
the Master of the Worshipfull Company of Surgeons with the said offer made to this
Company And that this Court being desirous to manifest their esteem for and preserve
the friendship of the Surgeons did give them the refusal of the said Library Skeleton
and Curiosities at the said price of Twenty ffive Guineas And that in case of their
acceptance thereof the rich and ancient Pall belonging to this Company should be at
their service as a free gift.
1 6th July, 1747. The Clerk reported that he had made the
above offer to the Surgeons who replied that they considered them-
selves entitled to the Library under the Act of 1745, but that to avoid
controversy with the Barbers they would be willing to refer the matter
to Counsel, whereupon it was resolved that the matter should be
submitted to the opinion of Counsel.
5th July, 1749. Ordered that the Library of Books formerly belonging to the late
united Company be forthwith sold for the most money that can be gotten for the same.
2nd June, 1749. Ordered that the Companys Arms be cast in lead and affixed
upon the several houses belonging to this Company.
Various specimens of these castings are extant about the Hall,
and in possession of Mr. Charles John Shoppee (Master 1878) and
of the author.
2nd May, 1750. Ordered that Mr Paterson do wait upon the Earl of Burlington
to know his Lordship's intention about repairing the Company's Theatre.
6th June, 1750. Ordered that the Clerk do write to the Right Honorable
the Earl of Burlington to aquaint him of the ruinous condition of the Theatre and
Company's inability to repair the same and to know whether his Lordship will be
2 3 2 c/Jiuials of the Barber-Surgeons.
pleased to order the said Repairs agreable to his own generous proposal in the
Mastership of Mr Rutter.
Nothing came of this application.
i st August, 1750. Ordered that the Clerk do cause a Catalogue to be made
of the Books in the Library, and that he deliver a copy thereof to M' Samuel Rutter.
9th August, 1750. Mr. Gheys, Sculptor, was ordered to
have the Skeleton, in exchange for the Bust of Inigo Jones, still
preserved at the Hall.
3rd September, 1751. Resolved also that the old Pall be given to the Beadle.
This, alas! was the "rich and ancient pall."
The Clerk was again directed to endeavour to sell the Library
and it was disposed of to Mr. Whiston the Bookseller for £\$ ! !
29th October, 1 75 1 . Resolved that the Doctors Gown and Hood be given
to the Beadle.
13th August, 1752. Ordered that it be referred to the Master and Wardens
to treat with Mr Thomas Reynolds about erecting a Cupola over the great Parlor
agreable to the Draft now produced to this Court and about repairing the Roof And
also repairing whitewashing and painting the said Parlor so as the Contract for that
purpose do not exceed the sum of One hundred and seventeen pounds.
19th August, 1752. The Agreement between the Company
and Mr. Reynolds was entered into at ^116 155., and the Specifi-
cation of his work is recorded in the Minute Book, from which
I extract the following : —
The Cupola compleat and properly secured glazed and ornamented with Stucco
and the Roof covered with Milled lead seven pounds to the ffoot with good brass pulley
in the middle fit for a Branch or Lustre. A new white veined marble Chimney piece and
Slabb with a carved wooden ovalo round it and Slabb of the same Marble The
Chimney piece of the same dimensions as the present and the Slabb six foot nine inches
by two foot four inches with a new fire stone hearth.
oAnnate of the Barber-Surgeons. 233
The ceiling and ornaments thereof to he secured mended cleaned and
whitewashed.
9th August, 1753. The Great Hall, Kitchen and Lobby were
ordered to be repaired by Mr. Reynolds in accordance with his
Estimate of £ 1 01 ijs. 6d.
8th August, 1754. Ordered that the thanks of this Court be given to James
Theobald Esqr one of the Ancient Masters of the Company for the magnificent Lustre
by him lately presented and at his Expense fixed up in their great parlor assuring him
This Court doth most gratefully accept the same as a monument of his regard for the
honor and prosperity of the Company.
This handsome lustre still adorns the Court Room.
12th September, 1754. The Court having considered the state
of the Theatre, which was out of repair, and for which the Company
had no use, ordered advertisements to be inserted twice in three daily
papers, asking for tenders for the materials of the same, and for
pulling down and clearing it away. The "N.B." to the adver-
tisement states that "The Doors, Benches and Railes of the said
Theatre are of Cedar."
1 st October, 1754. Three tenders for the materials of the
Theatre were received, ^21 10s. od.., £$2 and ^35 respectively, and
the decision thereon postponed.
4th February, 1 755. William Shakespear (Barber) the apprentice
of Richard Hulett, was admitted to the freedom.
5th June, 1764. The Clerk informed the Court of the death of
Mrs. Elizabeth I'Ans, widow of Mr. Michael I'Ans, and that the
Master and Wardens had, on the 23rd May, received of the Executors
of Mr. IAns .£2,200— 3^ per cent. Bank Annuities, and £"75 in
accordance with Mr. I'Ans' will.
2)4 nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1764 and 1765. Mr. James Clowes who had been summoned
to take up the Livery, refused to do so, whereupon he was sued for the
fine of ,£20 and judgment obtained against him with costs.
14th August, 1766. A Committee having been appointed to
examine and report upon the Theatre, and having done so, were now
authorised to apply to the Court of Common Council for permission to
pull down the same, and to treat with that Court for the purchase of
the ground, for which the Company paid the City £$ per annum under
an old lease.
3rd November, 1767. The City Comptroller having requested
the Company to make an offer for the site of the Theatre, it was
resolved that 30 years' purchase (£90) be offered for the same.
7th February, 1769. A plan of the ground leased by the City
to the Company and on which the Theatre stood, having been
prepared by Mr. George Dance, Clerk of the Works to the City, it
was laid before the Court, and the City sold the fee simple to
the Company for £90. Would that one could buy City freeholds
at the same rate now !
2nd September, 1783. Mr. Sylvanus Hall, of Paternoster Row,
Carpenter, proposed to take a lease of the ground on which the
Theatre stood, to take down the whole building, and to erect two
dwelling houses on the site similar to those he had already built in
Monkwell Street. The lease to commence at Christmas, 1784, and to
be for 61 years at £10 ground rent. He also proposed to pay the
Company ^"20 for the old materials of the Theatre and to clear the
same away. To all these propositions the Court agreed, and Mr. Hall
paid a guinea as earnest money.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 235
1st February, 1785. Mr. Hall having pulled down the Theatre,
the Clerk was instructed to write to him for the ^20 for the old
materials which he had removed.
4lh October, 1 791. There being a sufficient number of Members present to
form a Court of Assistants, tho° no such Court was called, the Master took the sense of
the Members present, as an adjournment from the last Court of Assistants, whether the
Company should go out in the usual procession the ensuing Lord Mayor's day, when on
the question being put, the same was resolved in the negative.
4th November, 1794. Mr Thomas Holehouse who was on the i*1 July last
elected on the Livery of this Company, but had refused to take upon him the same,
without shewing any cause to the Contrary, and against whom an Action had been
commenced for the recovery of Twenty Pounds the penalty incurred by such his refusal,
this day attended and paid the said sum of Twenty pounds together with the costs of the
said Action.
9th November, 1795. The following Circular was distributed
amongst the Livery at the dinner this day : —
The Court of Assistants of the Worshipful Company of Barbers having
received information that many persons residing within the City of London carry
on the Trade of a Barber and Hair dresser without being free of this Company to
the great prejudice of the Members and the rights of the Company Do hereby
give notice that they have come to .1 resolution to prosecute all persons carrying on
the trade of a Barber or Hair dresser within the said City not being free of this
Company and they request the assistance of their Members for that purpose for the
benefit of the Company and Trade at large : any information to their Clerk at the
Hall will be duly attended to.
by order of Court,
Edw" Grose Smith,
Clerk.
9th November, 1796. The By-Laws of the Company having
been found, on the opinion of Mr. Serjeant Adair, insufficient to
2 112
2)6 e/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
enforce the payment of fines for the refusal to serve various offices,
a new set was drawn up by the Clerk, and submitted to and approved
by the Court, who ordered the Clerk to get the same confirmed
and allowed by the Lord Chancellor and two Chief Justices, but this
was never done.
5th September, 1797. The Mahogany table now in the Court
Room was made about this time. There is a tradition that the
bulb-shaped end of it was a portion of the old dissecting table
used by the Surgeons. If so, its latter days are more cheerful than
its first.
1796 to 1799. Several Barbers were prosecuted for exercising
their Trade within the limits of the Company's Charters and brought
to terms, generally they became freemen, and then were compelled to
come on to the livery ; in other cases the barbers removed out
the jurisdiction, and paid the costs.
18th May, 1802. The Commissioners for the Public Lottery
having advertised for a place in which to hold the lotteries, the Court
decided to send in proposals offering the use of the Hall (under certain
restrictions) for the next three lotteries for Six hundred guineas, but
the offer was not accepted.
1st August, 1809. A case was submitted to the Attorney
General (Sir R. Gibbs) who gave an opinion that the freemen of
the Company were exempt from serving on Juries, but not from
serving as Constables.
4th February, 18 12. A memorial signed by four freemen of
the Company was presented to the Court, the purport of which was
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 237
that the memorialists having been summoned to act as Ward Constables
had refused to serve, and that thereupon actions had been brought
against them, which, being tried before Lord Ellenborough, the
verdicts were against them and they were ordered to pay the costs
(£333 9s- od.). The memorialists alleging that they defended the
actions for the benefit of the Company and really to uphold its
privileges, prayed that they might be reimbursed the costs, which,
however, the Court declined to accede to, but ordered that ^12, which
had been paid to the Company for copies of the Charters, should
be refunded.
1 8 14. The Churchwardens of St. Olave, Silver Street, having
assessed the Hall at £172, they were requested to attend the next
Court which they did, and the following delightful method of settling
these matters is recommended to the Authorities nowadays.
1 st November, 1814. The parish officers of Saint Olave Silver Street attended
& stated to the Court that the Vestry of that Parish had taken the subject of the Poor
rate into consideration, and considering the great increase of the rate they left it to the
Company to say what they were agreeable to be rated at ; the Court proposed to say
p£ioo per annum; the gentlemen (having withdrawn) were then called in and informed
of such proposal, with which they cordially acquiesced.
2nd April, 18 16. Alexander Rowland the younger [of Macassar oil fame] of
Kirby Street Hatton Garden, Barber was admitted to the Livery.
3rd May, 1825. The Livery stand, being in a decayed and
useless condition, was ordered to be sold.
2nd May, 1826. But as a purchaser could not be found, the
Master offered to give .£5 for it, which was accepted, and this, together
with an additional £5, was ordered to be given to the Committee for
the Relief of Distressed Manufacturers.
2 tf
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
5th February, 1861. Mr. John Atkinson gave ^100 consols
for the purpose of distributing the dividends thereof in the purchase of
Bibles and Prayer Books for the poor members of the Company.
7th February, 1862. Mr. John Atkinson's Will reciting a
munificent bequest to the Company is set out in the minutes of this date.
3rd February, 1863. A Statement of the property left by Mr.
John Atkinson is recorded in a letter from the Solicitors to his Trustees
directed to the Court, and entered in the minutes of this date.
PORTION OF THE MASTER'S SILVER GARLAND 'DATE 1629'
PRECEDENCE.
HE BARBERS' COMPANY is ranked the seven-
teenth in order of the City Companies, and is the
fifth after the " Twelve great Companies," the
thirteenth being the Dyers, fourteenth Brewers,
fifteenth Leathersellers, sixteenth Pewterers, seven-
teenth Barbers, eighteenth Cutlers, etc.
The question of precedency in former times gave rise to
many contentions between the City Guilds, and the Barber-Surgeons
seem to have had some experience in these quarrels : the City
pageants, processions, and public attendances at church, were
numerous in the days of the Tudors and Stuarts, and at most of
these the Livery Companies attended, each guild jealously striving
to keep its place, and no doubt to advance its position whenever
opportunity arose.
There are extant, lists of the Companies in the City books,
in which our Company takes various positions ; and Stow, having
incorporated one of these lists in his Survey, has given it an
240 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
authority as a table of precedence which it was never intended to
possess ; he furnishes a list of the Companies attending the Lord
Mayor's feast, 23rd Henry VIII (1531), and places the Barbers
as the thirty-second, whereas at that time they were undoubtedly
the twenty-eighth.
1 5 16. The first authentic reference to our Company's stand-
ing is found in Letter-Book N. leaf 5 (January, 1516), where it is
ordained that the Barbers, although they claimed of their ancient
right to be the seventeenth Company, yet were adjudged to take
the twenty-eighth place, following the Cordwainers, and preceding
the Paynter-Stainers.
1532. This order was probably in force until February,
1532, when the Barbers got back their old position {Repertory 8,
leaf 272) and an officer was directed to wait on the Pewterers to
" shewe theym that the seyd Company of Barbours Surgeons be
Restored ageyn to their olde Rowme." Three months later (May,
1532), the Barbers were "taken down one," and directed to occupy
the eighteenth place.
1533. In February, 1533 (Letter-Book O. fo. 213,), is a
record which is somewhat puzzling, as, altogether ignoring the
orders of February and May, 1532, it is stated that the Barber-
Surgeons had petitioned to be restored to their old place of
seventeenth Company, from which it is said they were dispossessed
about sixteen years back (evidently alluding to the order of January,
1 5 16), "so that they be nowe the xxix or XXXth Companye yn
thordre of such goynges," etc.
Perhaps the orders of February and May, 1532, had been
disregarded by the other guilds, and our Company forcibly ousted
from their rightful position, so that this is in effect an application
o/l finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 241
for a confirmatory order, which was granted, and thus they were
again fixed as the seventeenth Company.
1534. The Barbers must have given some offence to the
Civic authorities in 1534, for in October of that year {Repertory 9,
leaf 79) the last-named order was repealed, and they were put back
again to the twenty-eighth place, and further the Company were
ordered that they " shall no more goo yn p cessyons, standyngf,
Rydyngf, goyngf, and other assembles from hensfurth, tyll it be
otherwyse ordered by thys co rte."
1535. This vacillation on the part of the Court of Aldermen
in settling our position, was not yet at an end, for in March, 1535,
we were again placed seventeenth, to come before the Cutlers and
after the Pewterers, and this order was confirmed no less than four
times in 1535, and twice in 1536.
1604. At a Royal Procession on the 15th March, 1604, our
Company got misplaced by some of the Marshals, and this led to
another application to the Court of Aldermen, whereupon a per-
emptory order was made that the Barber-Surgeons should stand
sixteenth in precedence. This order is set out in full elsewhere (see
page 195); the sixteenth place was then accorded to us in con-
sequence of the Stockfishmongers, who formerly held the twelfth
place, having been dissolved, whereby the Barber-Surgeons went up
one : the Clothworkers who, at that time were the thirteenth
Company, then became the twelfth.
Some short time afterwards, the Dyers, who had been the
eighteenth Company, got the thirteenth place, and we reverted to
our old position of seventeenth Company in which we still continue.
1606. An attempt to misplace us was made in July, 1606,
but this was successfully resisted. (See p. 116.)
2 1
p^SI
COURT OF ASSISTANTS.
HE constitution of the governing body of the Company
has grown up in the course of time from one Prime
Master or Ruler to a Master with three Wardens
and twenty Assistants, forming a Court of twenty-
four members.
We gather from the earliest records, that the business of the
Company was then transacted by the meeting together in Common
Hall, of the whole fraternity (which probably included both freemen
and liverymen), under the presidency of a single Master, who, as in
the case of Richard le Barber in 1308, was invested with the super-
vision of the craft, and power to make search and scrutiny, and to
punish offenders.
In 1376 two Masters were appointed to rule the craft, while
in 1388 we find that two Masters and two "Surveyors" formed the
governing body.
In 141 6 is recorded the admission of five Masters, three of
whom are described as " Barbitonsores " {i.e., Barbers proper) and
two as " Masters of the Barbers exercising the faculty of Surgery."
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 24}
In 1428 there were four Masters, two of each class, and this number
was the governing body at the time of Edward IV's Charter of
Incorporation, in 1462.
As has been elsewhere remarked, this Charter provides for the
appointment of two Masters only, and they to be skilled in Surgery, to
be chosen by twelve Electors taken from the Commonalty ; but as our
records preserve the names of four Masters elected in that year, and so
on ever since in unbroken succession, there cannot be any doubt but
that (the Charter dealing almost entirely with the regulation of matters
surgical) the two Masters of the " Barbers side" were left to be elected
in accordance with old custom, or under the By-laws which the
Company were, by their Charter, empowered to make.
At what period a Court ot Assistants was created in our
Company is unknown, but I am inclined to think the date is about
1480 to 1500. The four " Masters or Governors" (answering to our
" Master and three Wardens") were chosen out of the Commonalty by
twelve electors yearly, and do not, as seems by the lists preserved,
appear to have gone up annually by seniority as now they do, i.e., from
third Warden to second, and so on. Those who had served as second,
third, or fourth Governors, if not chosen to higher office the next year,
as a general rule took their places again as simple liverymen ; whilst
those who had served as Prime or Chief Governor were, at the expiry
of their term of office, designated "Ancient Masters," and these, with
some past Wardens, having become qualified by experience in the
affairs of the Company would naturally be consulted by the ruling
Governors who sought their " assistance " and advice, and thus grow
up into a Court of Assistants1 (nearly always in early time spelt
'This theory is confirmed by the Ordinances made in 1566, whereby it was enacted that a liveryman
might be chosen an Assistant without having ever served the office of Governor.
2 I 2
244 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
" Assistance ") and be recognised to a great extent as a power in the
direction of the Company's business.
The earliest mention of Assistants is in the By-laws settled by
Sir Thomas More in 1530, though throughout these By-laws the
actual ruling power was evidently in the four Masters or Governors.
The Assistants are here twice referred to, in one case where it is
enacted that the Masters shall not admit a " fforen " to the freedom
without the assent of the " xxiiij" assistentes," and in another place
they are to have, with the Masters, the election of the Livery.
The Act 32 Henry VIII is silent as to Assistants, vesting all
power in the Masters or Governors. In 1557 at one of the Courts
twenty-one Assistants and four Masters attended, and at a Court held
19th July, 1595, the names of twenty-five Assistants are recorded.
The number seems to have varied with the times, the full Court,
however, never exceeding four Masters and thirty-two Assistants.
The Assistants have always been elected by the Court, and the custom
became in time to choose the senior liveryman whenever a vacancy
occurred, though there does not appear to have been at any time a
by-law to that effect, and indeed this practice has been departed from
on very many occasions.
The Election of Masters prior to the year 1633 was on the
Monday next before the feast of St. Bartholomew the Apostle
(Aug. 24); from 1633 to 1745 it was held on the third Thursday in
August, and since 1745 it has been held on the second Thursday in
August.
The ancient practice was for the whole body of the livery to be
summoned to the Hall in their livery gowns, hoods and caps on the
Monday at 8 o'clock in the morning "at the furthest" to whom the
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 245
Masters, sitting in Court, declared the cause of their assembling ; this
done, the Masters retired, and the livery, sitting there, chose twelve of
their number to be " Electors," of whom six were to be " expert
Surgeons," and four at least must never have served the office of
Master or Governor. The Clerk then called the twelve Electors out
(the rest of the livery remaining in the Hall). The Masters then
delivered to the Electors the " Bills of Election," each Master
nominating two Barbers and two Surgeons, so that sixteen in all were
nominated, and, after administering to them the oath prescribed, the
Electors retired to a private room apart to make their choice. Should
the Electors deem that one or more of themselves ought to have been
put in nomination, they were to send for the Masters who were bound
to withdraw such person or persons, and choose others in their place.
The Bills were to be made out in accordance with seniority, but the
Electors were not bound to choose by seniority. Having made their
choice, the Electors sent for the Masters and delivered to them a Bill
with the names of the four persons selected, and these names were
(under a heavy penalty) to be kept secret until after the "dener."
The whole Company then proceeded in state to the Church of
St. Olave, Silver Street (after the Great Fire to St. Alban, Wood
Street), maids strewing the way with flowers. At Church there was a
"goodly masse" celebrated, and in later times a " devyne s rvice,"
which, being ended, the parson and some of the church officials had
customary fees and returned with the Company to the Hall to celebrate
the Election dinner. The feast over, the outgoing Masters, according
to "auncient order," walked about the table, each bearing a garland
and placing it on the head of the member who had been chosen to fill
his place in the year ensuing. If anyone elected happened to be
absent, his garland was placed on the head of one of the Ancient
Masters as proxy, and the newly-elected Masters were sworn on the
246 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Holy Evangelists to the due execution of their offices, absentees being
sworn at the next Court.
The Election dinners were held at any early hour in the after-
noon (1 or 2 p.m.) and were generally followed by a play or a dance,
sometimes both ; the wives of the livery and Assistants were present
at the dinner, and the latter had their apprentices in attendance waiting
at table.
In 1633 the mode of choosing the Electors was varied as
follows : a " fair ballating box " with two cells therein, one labelled
" Surgeons" and the other " Barbers" was placed upon the table,
Into each cell the Master put the names of two
Ancient Masters, and drew one out of each - 2
The second and third Governors put into each cell
the names of six Assistants, and the Master drew
three out of each ------ 6
The fourth Governor put into each cell the names of
four liverymen and the Master drew two out of
each ---------4
12
The twelve so drawn constituted the Electors, and the proceedings
were then much the same as has been before described.
The new Masters or Governors commenced their duties
immediately upon being sworn.
From the earliest period the custom has been to hold the
monthly and ordinary Courts on Tuesdays, but the meetings do not
o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 24 j
seem to have taken place on any definite or fixed days, numerous
Courts being held at irregular intervals and frequently on Mondays.
" Courts of Assistants," as distinguished from Monthly and special
Courts, were, in early times, for some reason or other, particularly
prohibited from being held on Tuesdays, there being several orders
and by-laws to this effect, but why, I do not know.
In the year 1557 twenty Courts were held. In 1572 forty-one
Courts, the average attendance at which was twelve. In 1599 forty-
six Courts assembled. At the intermediate Courts a great deal of
important as well as minor business was transacted, including the
admissions and presentations of freemen and apprentices, the examina-
tion of Surgeons and Sea Surgeons, and a great variety of business
connected with the medical service of the army and navy.
Previous to the separation in 1745, the office of Master was
supposed to be, and generally was, held by a Barber and a Surgeon
alternately, the Wardens being chosen in like manner, any member
not practising as a Surgeon being accounted a Barber, whatever
his trade or occupation might be.
Great importance has at all times been attached to the question
of precedence in sitting at table and in speaking in Court, and many
have been the rules enacted, and the disputes and jealousies which
have arisen between members of the Court on this question.
Some of the powers executed by the Masters of old and by
the Court of Assistants in later times have been those which now are
peculiar to Courts of Law, e.g., the settlement of disputes upon every
conceivable question, the imposition of fines, and their recovery by
distress levied by the Beadle, the summary committal of offenders to
gaol, and the issuing of orders for their release, the prohibition of
248 cAmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
actions and suits at common law (if commenced by a freeman without
leave of the Court), the inhibition of members from practising their
profession, and the infliction of corporal punishment upon unruly
freemen and apprentices.
The Court as now existing, consists of four Masters or Governors
and twenty Assistants, appointed under the provisions of the Act 18
George II, cap. xv. By this Act the election of the Masters or
Governors is in the Court and takes place on the second Thursday
in August, but alas ! without the ancient ceremonies of attending
Church, crowning with garlands, and — may I add? — the Election dinner
for the Livery.
As will be seen elsewhere, there have been frequent dis-
turbances at the Courts, and there are numerous entries of Assistants,
Wardens, and Past Masters having been expelled the Court and
sometimes dismissed from the Livery as well, for their misconduct
or quarrelsome behaviour. Instances of impertinence and abuse
by freemen and liverymen before the Court, are also by no means
rare, and in these cases condign punishment by imprisonment or
fine was invariably meted out.
9th March, 1624. This daye Mr. Warden Thornebury made knowne to this
Court y' one Tanner, a brother of this Companie, hath abused him in words. Whereupon
it is ordered by this Court that John Bayard the officer belonging to this Companie
shall laye the Lord Maio" comaund on the said Tanner and comitte him to one
of the Compters of this Cittye And that imediately upon the said comittm' shall
acquaint the Mrs therewith That thereupon the Mre maye acquaint the lo : Maio' with
the reson of his comittem'
19th January, 1626. This daye the letter directed to the Maister Wards and
Assistants of the Companie of Barbor Surgions of London from M' William Clowes
Sarjeant Chirurgion to his Ma"° was here in Courte reade in hec verba viz' Right worthie
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 249
Maister and Governors and assistants of the companie of Barbers and Surgions in my
true love I wish all health and florishinge goverment of yor Company to the glory of
God the honor of the Kinge and the good of Gods people Amen. Now whereas I have
bin not only by many Brothers advertised but also of yor Officer legally by letter and
otherwise given to understand that you had chosen me Renter warden of the company
from the w* Election I desired by Mr Cooper and Mr Thomas Allen I might be freed
yett could not, I then knewe well that in duty I owed you an aunswer which might well
be seeme my reverent respect to yo' Authoritye ; and my tender regard of the kinge my
M's honor which in yor Chusinge and my acceptinge maye be considered, which as much
as in me is I desired to doe, And nowe, not once questoninge the troblesomnes of the
place, nor other hinderances w0'1 god Almighty did then send I thus aunswer (because I
wilbe free of Ambition or pride) that if you can make that appeere upon yor Records that
any of my predecessors did beare the office of Wardein after he was sworne Serjeant
Surgion to any of the K°s or Queenes of England I shall humbly serve it, if not, I Crave
yor p°don for I might not soe poorely value the Kinge my Mr as thinke him less mighty,
less absolute a Prince then any Kinge whatsoever hath raigned before him, and so as his
Servaunt I expect from the Company as good respect as any Sergeant Surgion heretofore
hath had, for my M's honor I will not give to any other, And further because I am many
tymes summoned to yor Courts and other meetings, wch service I am very willinge to
performe, when I shall knowe my place in the Company, which I must leave to yor grave
consideracon, only if you please to take notice how the Colledge of Phisitions and the
Company of Apothecaryes of London have rancked the KingC Phisitions and
Apothecaryes, you may thereby guess what place I expect, but howsoever if by the
occasion of back freinds wee may not so well agree as I desire, so as I may personally
absent my selfe from the Company yett thus much I ingenuously and religiously profess
that I will alwayes in harty love be present and ready press either by the Kinge my Mr or
any other wayes to doe the Companye any loveing Service I may, And so ceasing further
troubling you but desireing to heare of yor smoothe acceptance, I rest.
Whereas he was chosen renter warden of this Companie for this yere ensueing
wd' place by reason of this contagious tyme and other respects he is not able to
execute, It is thereupon ordered by this courte that he shalbe discharged from the
said place of youngest warden and second warden of this Company, And it is
further ordered that he shall take place next unto the youngest of our assistants
that have served the place of upper warden and when he shall have served the
place of upper warden of this Companye then he to take his precedencye and ranck
according to that service.
2 K
250 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
21st August, 1626. Serjeant Clowes was elected Master, but
it seems his election was called in question, as it was the turn for a
Barber this year, and it was moved that the electors should be fined
for breach of the ordinance in choosing a Surgeon, but the Court
decided not to do so. There was evidently a dislike to Mr. Clowes
on the part of some of the Company, as the Wardens of the Yeo-
manry were on the 20th September, fined 405. for refusing, or
neglecting to carry the Standing Cups before him and the Wardens
of the Livery on the Election day.
1638. Serjeant Clowes was again elected Master.
9th April, 1 64 1. Mr Warden Martin Browne made his complaint against
Mr Serjeant Clowes and he did freely declare that he did forgive the Serjeant his
personall Wrong, and did referr the Wrong due to the Court unto the Court, And
this Court did order that Mr Serjeant Clowes shall acknowledge that in his anger and
passion he did speake some words to the wrong of this Court, and this being done
this Order to be annihilated.
22nd September, 1642. Alsoe for the more peaceable treaty and discussing
matters in times of Courts of Assistants It is ordered That decency be held in these
Courts proceedings and that every one of the Assistants as he is in his turne and
time of Delivery to yeild his voyce shall not use any impertinent speeches or divert
the matter in question into some other busines but give his answer freely to the
present matter proponed and that during the time of his delivery of his speech or
opinion none other of the Assistants shall give crosse or thwarting speeches or calumniate
that Assistant And if any Assistant shalbe soe Uncivill That then the present Mr
or Governour shall cause him to be silent and shall put such Assistants Interrupi-on
of speech to question concerneing his ffine for evill behaviour and such Interruptor
being found faulty shall pay the ffine of vjs viij'1 according to the Ordinance in that
behalfe made.
3rd October, 1642. Alsoe Mr Cotton layed downe his (fines imposed on
him at the last Court of Assistants viz' xxvjs viij1 The Mr of the Company moveing
by the consent of the last Court Mr Cotton to withdrawe himselfe according to
Orders and Custome, he gave this Court this peremptory answer, I will not goe out
c/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
251
of the Court nor the Mr hath noe power to bidd mee goe out and that the Court
had noe power to fine him, then he threatned Mr Warden Arris as he sat in the
Court saying Winter will come, Alsoe he abused Mr Dye in his delivery of speech
to this Court that his speeches were rotten speeches and thwarted him to the general!
disturbance of the Court, and to Mr Martin Browne threatning him I will make
you know it better in another place Alsoe he sought to disable the MH hand which
was signed to Ticketts for his and other appearances at the Hall for defaults saying
they might choose whether to appeare or not Alsoe he told the Court with high language
I will not be dismissed.
fforasmuch as this Court is informed and it doth fully appeare to this present
Court of Assistants That Mr Lawrence Cotton hath from time to time bin a disturber
of the Unity peace and amity of this Society and hath by many reproachfull Words
and ill behaviour abused the present MK of the Company and divers of the Assistants
and Members of this Company Whereupon this Court doth dismisse the said Mr Cotton
out of and from his place of an Assistant and being an Examiner.
Mr. Cotton subsequently made his peace, was reinstated and
served the office of Master, 1645 •'
8th July, 1644. Whereas by Order of the Honourable house of Comons
assembled in Parliament of the 28"' June last the President of the Colledge of Physicians
was appointed to call this Company before them and to tender the Covenaunt by them
This Court conceiveing their Priviledges to be thereby infringed this Co" the Mr doe
advise with Councell Doth order that a Petition be framed to be preferred by all the
Assistants that are now present or the major part, to the House of- Comons to have the
tendring of the Coveniit themselves to theire owne Members and the Charge to be
allowed out of the Comon stock.
2 K 2
JJJJJJ,
THE COMMONALTY.
HE admission to membership in the
Company has ever been by servi-
tude, patrimony, or redemption, and
the fines and fees payable have
varied so much at different periods
in our history, and have frequently
been so capricious, that no attempt
has been made to tabulate them,
though references will be made here
and there to the prevailing fees of
the period. The fees for apprentices
have always been of a nominal
description, and generally so of freemen, though, in olden time, the
Court, as became the Masters of the mystery of " bleeding," not
unfrequently bled a new member by a substantial fine on admission,
but also put him to the expense of a dinner into the bargain.
An ample fine, suited to the period, has always been taken from
the Liverymen who were, in the days of the Tudors and Stuarts
The initial letter T is reducer! from one in the Audit Book 1614-15.
c/Jmmls of the Barber-Surgeons. 253
a comparatively small section of the Company, and rarely exceeded
fifty in number ; they were always chosen from the more substantial
of the Yeomanry, and if on election they refused " to take the
clothing," as was frequently the case, a heavy penalty was imposed,
which, if not paid, the unhappy yeoman was forthwith committed
to the Compter, where, upon reflection, he generally came to the
conclusion to submit. It is right, however, to state that at all
times the Court have, in cases where the proposed Liveryman was
actually a poor man, remitted the fine, and allowed him to continue
a yeoman ; on the other hand, contumacious refusal was invariably
met in the firmest manner and conquered.
The practice of calling up yeomen to the Livery was at times
resorted to as a means of putting the Company into funds, and as
these calls generally took place at periods of national trouble, when
the coffers of the Company had been emptied by the King or the
Parliament, the intended Liverymen were themselves not unfrequently
in sore straits, and great contentions arose.
About one hundred and fifty years ago the practice of enforcing
these fines was in regular operation, but since then it has been attended
with varying success ; not that the Company has not by law the power
of enforcement, but a prejudice had grown up against the system, and
the Court has been unwilling to sanction a resort to extremities.
Early in the present century three or four actions were brought
against freemen to recover penalties of ,£20 for refusing to accept the
Livery ; in one case which was ripe for trial the Company withdrew the
record and paid the costs, and the others seem to have been abandoned.
All freemen on being sworn were liable to pay "quarterage,"
which has been from the earliest period, and still is, 2s. per annum.1
The quarterage is now usually compounded for on admission by payment of a sum down.
2^4 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
On a man coming up for admission he was " presented," that is,
seen by the Court who enquired into his position, knowledge, fitness
and general qualifications, and if approved he paid his fees and
was sworn. Some of the earlier forms of oath will be seen on
reference to the Ordinances, and that used up to a very recent
period was as follows : —
You shall swear That you shall be True and Loyal to our Sovereign Lady
Queen Victoria and faithful and true in all lawful things unto the Corporation and
Company of the Mystery of Barbers of London, whereof you are now made free,
and accordingly be obedient to the Master and Governors thereof: and as much as in
you lieth maintain amity and unity therein ; and obey observe and perform all the
lawful rules statutes and ordinances thereof; and be proportionally contributory to
the best of your power, to all lawful or reasonable charges contributions and payments
belonging or necessarily appertaining to you to bear and pay as other Brethren of
the same Company do. And also you shall obey all manner of summons or warnings
done, or to be made by the Clerk Beadle or other officer of the said Company
thereunto assigned in the name of the Master and Governors, having no lawful or
reasonable excuse to the contrary. All these articles you shall duly, truly, fully and
faithfully observe, perform and keep to the best of your power. So help you God.
A few years since, this oath was changed into a declaration,
the words "You shall declare" being substituted for "You shall
swear."
It was generally the practice, when a member wished to be
translated to another Company or entirely discharged, that he should
pay a fine for his dismission. In 1724, Mr. John Bamber, a Surgeon,
informing the Court that he intended to practise as a Physician
and to become a Member of the College of Physicians prayed
for his discharge, which was granted to him on payment of thirty
guineas, and there are other entries to the like effect.
The regulations for the governance of the members are
very fully contained in the Ordinances referred to elsewhere, and
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 255
it would therefore be tedious to further allude to them here. On
a perusal of the extracts from the minutes, etc., many curious
particulars will be seen concerning both freemen and liverymen
who were liable to be expelled for not being "able" {i.e., solvent)
and also for not attending in their livery gowns and hoods upon
summons. There are many and often reminders to the livery to
appear in their gowns with their hoods upon their shoulders, and
there are also cases in which individuals were forbidden to wear
their gowns and hoods by way of punishment. The dress of the
livery has been well described in Herbert's Livery Companies, and
Planche's Costume, and we can see it in our great Holbein picture,
though the dresses worn on that occasion were of a much richer
description than those in daily use.
It will be seen that the Livery were constantly going out in
procession in days of old. There were the services at St. Paul's on
Christmas and Candlemas days, the Lord Mayor's procession, the
setting of the watch on Midsummer Eve, the celebration of 5th
November, the anniversary of Cowrie's Conspiracy, the Election
Service at St. Olave's, Silver Street, days of thanksgiving and
humiliation, Royal progresses and Civic pageants. To all of these
the Livery were bidden to go by precept, and on neglect of the
summons were fined. In many cases certain of them were appointed
to ride on horseback with velvet coats and chains of gold about their
necks, and when not so apparelled they appeared in their gowns of
black and scarlet, with their hoods upon their shoulders. What would
we not give for a photograph of one of these gorgeous scenes wherein
we should see the "liverie of our solempne and grete fraternite "
riding "ayenst," say, Queen Elizabeth in 1599?
Our earlier records of freemen are unfortunately lost, the first
register commencing in the year 1 55 1, but at Guildhall I have
256 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
discovered several admissions of freemen Barbers to the freedom
of the City, and here place a few of them upon record. The first
is in 1 309 : —
Thomas Orgor barbitonsor admissus fuit in libtate civitatis &: jur° &c die sabl
p°xima post festfi sci Edmundi Regis & martir0 anno R. E. fiP R. E. tcio coram Nich'o
de ffarendon Joh'e de Wyndesore & Henr' de Dunolm Aldris Et dat commitati xxs quos
p^dci Aldri recep°unt.
(Translation.) Thomas Orgor, Barber, was admitted into the freedom of the
City and sworn, etc., on Saturday next after the feast of Saint Edmund the King and
Martyr in the third year of King Edward, the son of King Edward, before Nicholas de
Farendon, John de Windsor and Henry de Durham, Aldermen, And gave to the
Commonalty 20s., which the aforesaid Aldermen received.
Other entries are much in the same form, a few of which,
abridged, follow : —
1309. John de Dodinghurst, Barber, admitted and sworn, etc.,
Friday next after the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle ; paid half
a mark.
1 3 10. Ralph the Barber admitted, etc., 1 6th March ; paid
one mark.
1 3 10. Gilbert Blaunchard, Barber, admitted, etc., 1st April;
paid 10s.
1 3 10. Peter de Pecham, Barber, admitted, etc., 12th May,
" at the instance of Roger le Brabanzon, a justice of our Lord the
King " ; paid 5s.
1 3 to. Galfridus de Trengye, Barber, admitted, etc., Saturday
before the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist ; paid 10s.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 25J
131 1. John Syvvard, Barber, admitted, etc., Monday before
the feast of St. Edmund the King, at the instance of the Lord Walter,
Bishop of Winchester, Chancellor, " et ideo nichil dat p libtate
habenda," "and therefore gave nothing to have the freedom ! "
131 2. Ralph de Bosbery, Barber, admitted, etc., on Monday
in the feast of St. Valentine ; paid half a mark.
1312. John de Fynceham, Barber, admitted, etc., 6th April;
paid i ay.
13 12. Henry de la Chaumbre, Barber, admitted, etc., on
Monday in the vigil of the Assumption ; paid half a mark.
13 1 2. Thomas de Mangrave who was the apprentice of
Richard le Barber of Bread Street, was admitted on Wednesday
before the feast of St. James the Apostle, on the testimony of
Katherine, widow of the said Richard and of Robert de Gloucester,
the executors of his will ; paid 2s. 6d.
The "Richard le Barber" mentioned in the last entry was
Master of the Company in 1308.
The freemen were formerly enrolled in the "yeomanry" and
formed a minor fraternity within the Company {see the chapter on
the Yeomanry).
All freemen practising as journeymen or assistants, if Barbers,
Surgeons, or Barber-Surgeons were " sessed at the Hall," that is,
their wages were settled for them by the Court, and entered in a
book, together with the period for which they agreed to serve, the
period being never less than one year nor more than three. These
men were often called " covenant servants," but they paid quarterage,
2 L
2 5 8 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
and were entitled to all the privileges of freedom, excepting that
they could not take apprentices.
If a freemen desired to start in business, the By-laws of 1530
required that he should prove to the Court as an act precedent to his
so doing, that he was possessed of goods to the value of ten marks.
A certain class of members called " Foreign Brothers" are very
frequently alluded to in the Books, and it has been a matter of some
difficulty to ascertain what their status exactly was, but by collation of
numerous entries I have come to the conclusion that, with very few
exceptions, they were all of them practising Surgeons, and that they
had not been apprenticed to freemen of the Company. If practising
within the jurisdiction of the Company, they were compelled to join,
or else to forbear to practise, and it seems that on admission they were
required to satisfy the Court by the production of their Indentures of
apprenticeship to Country or other Surgeons that they had duly served
seven years, and to give ample proof of their skill and knowledge
before the Examiners ; exceptions to the production of indentures were,
however, made in favour of those who came with recommendations
from persons of quality, or of such as had acquired eminence and
position in the profession. All sea surgeons were " Foreign Brothers"
and paid a fine (generally seven guineas) on admission, they also paid
quarterage as freemen, and when they resided within the jurisdiction
were subject to all the rules and ordinances of the Company as other
freemen, being frequently fined and imprisoned for malpractice, etc.,
though they were not entitled to the benefit of the charities, to come
to the dinners, or to confer the right of admission by patrimony upon
their sons, nor do they seem to have been necessarily free of the City.
Many Surgeons practising in the Country became Foreign Brothers
for the sake of the diplomas granted at Barber-Surgeons' Hall.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 259
There are a few instances of "Barbers" being compelled
to become Foreign Brothers, for which I am unable to give an
explanation, unless they be errors of description by the Clerk for
" Barber-Surgeons."
Every freeman on admission formerly paid $s. zp/., and every
apprentice on " presentation " 2s. 6d. For many years the names of
these persons are entered in the Audit Books, and thus it has been
possible to ascertain the number admitted extending over a considerable
period.
It appears that from the year 1603 to 1674, 3,479 persons
were admitted to the freedom, an average of about 48 per annum ;
and 9,554 apprentices were presented, an average of about 133 per
annum. The greatest number of freemen admitted was in the
year 1647 when 82 came on, and the least in 1666 when but 23 were
admitted. With apprentices the greatest number presented was in
the year 1629 when there were 219, and the least again in the
year of the Great Fire when there were but 54.
Between 1674 and 1745, about 75 freemen and 162 apprentices
would be the yearly average.
After the separation in 1745, and indeed down to the beginning
of this century, a respectable average was maintained, being about
40 freemen and 60 apprentices per annum.
In the hundred years between 1746 and 1845, 2,964 persons
were admitted to the freedom and 4,298 apprentices were presented,
being an average of about 30 of the former and 43 of the latter
for each year. The least number of freemen coming on was in
1845, when only 5 were admitted, and of apprentices in 1844, when
but 4 were presented.
2 l 2
260 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The apprentices always seem to have been a fruitful source
of trouble both to their Masters and to the Company, and numerous
are the entries of their floggings and imprisonments. The term
of servitude was generally seven years, but in a few instances it
was eight and even nine, the age at which boys were taken was
usually fourteen, and before the Indentures were sealed the boy
was " presented " to the Court that it might be seen that he was
clean and not deformed or diseased. If approved, the Indentures
were executed and recorded, and in all cases the apprentice actually
lived with his Master, who covenanted to find him meat, drink,
apparel, lodging and all other necessaries according to the custom
of the City. If the boy's master died or for other reasons was
unable to continue his business, it became necessary for him to be
" turned over " to another master, free of the Company, and that
such turn over should be approved and recorded, otherwise the
apprentice was disqualified for his freedom. When his term
expired the Master brought him to the Hall and " testified "
to his faithful service, whereupon he became entitled to the
freedom on payment of a nominal fine. Sometimes Masters
refused to make their apprentices free, in which cases the Court
enquired into the circumstances, and acted in accordance with the
merits of the case.
From the earliest times the custom has prevailed to admit
women to the freedom, mostly by apprenticeship, but also by
patrimony, and these freewomen bound their apprentices, both boys
and girls, at the Hall ; of course the ladies were not admitted
to the livery, but otherwise they had the same privileges as
freemen so far as the same were compatible with their sex.
At the present time (1890) there is one freewoman of the Barbers'
Company.
c/Jimals of the Barber-Surgeons.
261
APPRENTICES.
jjpJSgllJj RDERED 17th July, 1551. That Water Lynche whiche was
premise w"' John Tholmwoode Barborsurgeon shalbe and ys
contented to serve Thomas Woolf as a prentice from the daye
above written untyll the viij"1 yere of King Edward the sixte and
so the sayd Water Lynche his yeres to be fully ended and ronne
out at the feaste of all Saints as may appere by his Indenture.
19th September, 1552. Ordered that when any prentise dothe goo awaye from
his Mr the same Mr shall bring in his Indenture and here to remayne tyll the prentice
come agayne and to be regestred.
It was also ordered that the Beadle should make out all
Indentures of apprenticeship, and any one else presuming to do so
should pay a fine of $s. ^d.
27th April, 1556. It was ordered that no apprentice should
wear a beard of beyond fifteen days' growth, and that on breach of this
order the master of the apprentice was to pay a fine of half a mark.
15th October, 1566. Here in this Court John James the appnts of John Shryve
for pylferyng, & so here he had his correction.'
27th May, 1 567. Robert Cholmeley complained of his apprentice
for y' he doth not his worke as he ought & for his other ill demeanors And so in
the p°sents of this Court the saide app°nts humbled hym upon his knees and p^myssed
his amendment.
1567. The quarrels between masters and apprentices about
this period were numerous, and occupied a great deal of the time of
the Court, who in dealing with them generally pursued a policy of
reconciliation and made the parties friends again. In certain cases,
1 That is, he was flogged.
262 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
masters were fined for ill-treating apprentices, whilst some of the latter
had their Indentures cancelled or "torn in Court" and were either
whipped or ordered to behave better, or to find new masters.
22nd August, 1569. Here was Rich Upton Playntyf agaynst his apjints \V"
Fyshe for that he ranne awaye frome his said Mr the xxj"' of the former moneth and tooke
w"' hym s°ten instruments for surgery & other things more, \vd' p^tyculers were here
p°sently sene & by the said W" Fyshe confessed and that he had no cawse to go frome
his said Mr but that he wolde have gon to the sea and accordynge to his desert had
correction and punnyshment unto auncyent custom w"' roddes.
22nd November, 1569. Memorand'' upon the xxij1'- day of November 1569
in the afternowne Gyles Swalldell thappentC of Chrystofor Swalldell for goyng forth
of his maisters house at unlawfull tymes and houres & in evell company wastinge
and consumyng his Mre grocery wares also therebyc he the appntf then had the
correction of this hall accordyng to his desertf as the justice & equytie by the Mr &
gov°nors thoughte at the request of his said Mr to be most mete and convenient. And so
the said gyles Swalldell appntf hathe promysed here that he wylbe a good faythfull &
trusty servant unto his said Mr and never hereafter offende any more.
1 st June, 1570. Here was John thappntf of Thomas Wayte (for) abusying of
Rogr Laborne & his wyfe and his Mr also and he had favorable correction for his offenc^.
John possibly thought it rather unfavourable.
By the next entry it would appear that Master Ralph Soda
found the society of the ladies more congenial to his tastes than
the practice of shaving and bloodletting.
15th February, 1572. Here was Henry Lusshe and witnessed how that his
appntice Rafe Soda ranne awaye ffrom hym and contract hym self to three wemen and
was asked at Westm' in the church and also had delt unhonestly w"1 his mayde srVnt.
19th May, 1573. Here was John Newsam and he was appoynted to brynge
in his fyne for not pnsentynge his apprentice.
Here was John Appowell and he was appoynted the lyke.
c/limals of the Barber-Surgeons. 263
9th June, 1573. Here was Olyv0 Pecocke the covenaunte S'Vaunt of Allen
Colly beinge comytted to Warde uppon Wednesday last on Mr Warden Robynsons
comaundment for goynge ffrom his master ffrom the Sounday untill Wednesdaye next
and he was nowe relesed so that his master paynge his wages he shall serve hym.
2 1 st July, 1573. Pecocke complained to the Court against his
master " ffor not well usinge hym in beatinge hym."
The next is a quaint piece of dry humour —
6th October, 1573. Here was an order taken between Danyell Botham and
his app°ntice that he should well and trewly s°ve his Mr and not to make any more
complainte or trouble the Mrs any more, and yf he do nott s°ve his Mr accordyngly he
shall have the Almes of the howsse.
The " Alms of the house" were on some other like occasions
promised to troublesome apprentices.
18th October, 1573. Here was John Staples and brought in his apprentyze for
evyll behavior by hym comytted in his masters house w"' his masters mayde and he made
his submyssion on his knees and asked his master forgevenes in the courte, and he was
forgeven uppon condycon that he should amend well & faythfullye w"'out farther
complaint or elles to have the ponnyshment of the howsse.
nth December, 1599. In the matter in controversie betwixt Juliance Yonge &
John Bradley his apprentice it is ordered that the sayd Yonge shall take his sayd
apprentice into his service agayne And that the sayd Yonge shall use him as hee oughte
to doe And that the sayd apprentice shall well and honestly behave himself towards0
his sayd Mr-
22nd January, 1600. This daye Daniell Hinkesman brought in his fine of xls
for sufferinge his apprentice to dwell w"' a gentleman.
This apprentice had probably been let out to hire as a valet by
Hinkesman, who received his wages instead of teaching him his trade.
264 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
20th February, 1600. Noah Bayley having been complained
of for striking his apprentice Andrew Mathew, he was fined 405., and
at the next Court Mathew had license to sue Bayley at the Common
law for " breaking his head."
17th June, 1600. This daye it was ordered that George Langton apprentice to
M' ffrederick shalbe comitted to the compter for his unreverent behaviour towardes his Mr'
7th August, 1600. John Sares is to be called in question for geveinge wages
to his apprentice.
2nd December, 1600. This daye uppon complaynt made to this Courte it was
ordered that Henry Needham should put awaye his apprentice Willm Webbe for that it
was then apparantly pnved that hee is marryed w"'in his terine And it was thereuppon
furthr ordered that the p^sentacon should be discharged by a vacat thereuppon to
be entered.
5th May, 1601. This daie the wiefe of Thomas Asbridge decessed did
complaine of Marke Nurse her apprentice for absentinge himselfe from her service
and other his misdemeanors towardes her All wch uppon his humble suite and promise
of amendment was forgeeven him.
1 6th June, 1601. This daie it is ordered that Thomas Shurwin apprentice
to John Urvey shalbe for ever utterly dischardged of his terme of apprentisship for
that it appeareth to the Maisters uppon hearinge of their controversie that he hath
the said apprentice colorablie.
30th June, 1 601. This daye Robert Wallis is dischardged from his apprenti-
ship for that it appeared to this Court that his maister did not mayntayne him wth
sufficient meate drynck and apparrell.
22nd September, 1601. This daye uppon complaynt made by Jelly
apprentice to Hughe ffell that the said ffell had put him oute of his service before
hee had acquainted the M15 therewth It was ordered that the said ffell should receive
his said apprentice in to his service againe & that hee should p^sently inroll him.
And that the said ffell should appeare before the MR at the next Courte.
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 2 65
3rd November, 1601. This daye uppon hearinge of the Controversie betwixt
John Howe & his apprentice It is ordered that hee shall take home his said apprentice
and use him well hereafter And whereas the said Apprentice hath complayned for
that the said Howe dothe not exercyse the said apprentice in his trade of Barbery
& Surgery It is furth' ordered that if the said Howe shall not take a shoppe and use
his trade before Christemas next that the said apprentice shalbe turned over to anothr
of the same arte.
1 6th March, 1602. This daye it is p°mised & undertaken before the Mrs of this
Company by Robert Leadbeater that hee the said Robert shall & will at the expiracon of
the apprentisheep of Henry Edwards his apprentice geve unto the said Henry twoe
suites of decent apparrell & a cloke.
20th April, 1602. I Michaell Braye doe p''mise and undertake That at the ende
& expiracon of the tearme of apprenticeship of George Parkins ray Apprentice I will
geve unto him a new suite of apparrell viz one dublett one p° of hose one hatt one p of
stockins and one Cloke of decent apparrell In witnes whereof I have hereunto put my
hand.
22nd February, 1603. This daye it is ordered that Thomas Mownsley shall for
his disobedience to his Mr be comitted to the Compter.
1 6th April, 1605. This daye Peter Saunderson certiefied the Court that hee
had offered to inroll his apprentice before the Chamberlin and it was denyed him
because the apprentice could not at the end of his terme accomplishe the Age of xxiij
yeres.
4th June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that John Udall shall at the next
Courte bringe in his fine of xls for puttinge a waye his Apprentice Tho. Hobbes wth out
or Mri consent (see 18th June).
4th June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that Roger Kiffin shalbe dischardged
of his apprentiship wth Richard Bonner for that hee wanteth meate drinck & apparrell
And hee is to finde him selfe a nother M' of this Company. (See 25th June.)
1 8th June, 1605. This daye it is ordered that John Udall shalbe committed to
the Compter for his contempt.1
1 The contempt being that Udall having " put away" his Apprentice, (i.e., had him locked up in Bridewell,
without the leave of the Court,) and being fined 40s-. for that offence, had refused to pay his fine.
2 M
266 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
25th June, 1605. Richard Bonner is to bringe in his apprentices Roger Kiffins
Indenture at the next Courte or ells hee is to be comitted to the Compter.
25th June, 1605. This daye Thomas Clemence was fined at xs for that hee was
not bound apprentice by the Clark of this Company.
24th September, 1605. This day it is ordered that David Vaughan apprentice
to Richard Davis shalbe p°ntlie dischardged from his said Mr for the residue of his terme
to come for that his said Mr hath given him unlawfull correction as it was affirmed and
hath not trayned him up in the trade that he used being Barbinge and Surgery. And is
to bring in the Apprentices indenture att the next Courte or ells to be comitted to the
Compter for his contempt. And the app°ntice is in the meane tyme to continue wth his
freindC And is not to s°ve any p°son that useth the trade of silck weavinge any more wth
in the liberties of London.
7th January, 1606. This day it is ordered that John Browne and his apprentice
be here at the next Courte. And he is to be comaunded from our Mrs to discharge his
app°ntice out of Bridewell wcl> he holdeth there And then to be before or said Mrs at their
next Court both he and his apprentice.
14th January, 1606. John Browne is to bringe in his fine for puttinge away his
app'Vitice \v"'out the Mrs order.
5th July, 1608. This daye in the Controversie betwixt Nicholas Braye and
Humfrey Pittf It is ordered for that the Mrs doe fynde that the Apprentice is not kept as
hee ought to be but is lowsie and also his Mr for want of change of apparrell And that
therefore wee doe not fynde him a fit Mr It is ordered that if the said Nicholas Braye doe
not hereafter use his apprentice in Better Order that then the apprentice shalbe turned
over to anoth' freeman of this Company.
23rd May, 1609. This daye Richard Tyler broughte in his fine accordinge to
a former order for puttinge awaye (i.e., imprisoning) his apprentice w*out the M" order
And it was mittigated to xxs-
19th November, 1611. At this Court it is ordered that John Todd shall on the
next tuesdaies Court bring in his fyne of 40s for that he did not bynde an app°ntice wch is
now wth him according to the Custome of this hovvse.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 26 7
19th November, 1611. At this Court Robert Hawley the app°ntice of Thomas
Clarke was for his stubbornes & other imsemely pranckf by him used towardf his
Mr as also for his lewd & bad service brought before the M's whereupon he promising
of amendem' his faultf was for this tyme remitted.
22nd February, 16 13. In the complaint made by William Richardson against
his Mr John Sabyn being heard & proved at this Court by his owne confession that
Sabyn did use unlawfull correction to his app'Vitice. It is ordered that the Mr shall
not use hereafter any such unlawfull correction for if he doe & his app ntice make
complaint thereof to the Mrs of this Company, then the app°ntice shall be taken
awaye from him And further it is ordered that the appnntice shall doe his Mr just
& true service, And that the said Sabyn shall the next Court daie bring in his fyne
for not inrowling of his said app°ntice w,bin the tyme lymitted by the ordynancf
of this howse.
22nd February, 161 3. This daye Joseph Boreman made promise to pnforme
such order as the M" did heretofore set downe between him and his appnntice namely
that he will give to the same app°ntice two suitf of apparell fitt for such an app°ntice
accordinge to the true meaning of the same w"'out any fraud.
27th September, 1614. At this Court Raph Dixon the app°ntice of our Mr
Mr Hassall for manie lewd misdemeano" & for getting a woman wth child, being an
appnntice shold have had the correction of the howse, but upon consideration had
he is to be sent to bridewell.
23rd January, 1615. In the complaint made by Margery Stokes in the
behalf of her grand child John Taft who is th° apprentice of one John Hedlowe for that
the said Hedlow haveing receaved wth the said appnntice the some of Tenn poundf doth
now turne him away & refuseth to restore the monie wch he had w'" him. It is therefore
by this Court ordered that the said Hedlow shall either receave the same app°ntice
into his service agayne or otherwise repaie the said some of Tenn poundes wherefore
he promised unto this Court to take the same app°ntice agayne into his service.
14th March, 1615. In the matter of complaint made by the weif of one Xpofer
Greene who is now gone to the East indies of & about her servaunt or appnntice for that
he kepeth her shop & doth gyve her no allowaunce toward^ the kepeing of her out of the
getting^ in the same shop wch being duely herd at this Court It is ordered that the said
app°ntice shall from henceforth weekelie make unto his Mns a trew &: just accompt of
2 M 2
268 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
such monie as he shall gett in the same shop & that from henceforth he shall be at the
appoyntment of his mistris & of the Mre of this companie and his Mrls shall have &
enjoy all such benifitt as shalbe gotten by the said shopp.
14th November, 1615. In the complaynt made by the servant of William
Corbett against his Mr wch beinge examyned at this Court It is aparyant that the boy
hath very stubburnlie & naughtielie behaved himself unto his Mr Whereupon it is this
daie ordered that the boy shall goe home agayne wth his Mr & behave himselfe more
honestlie then formerlie he hath done wch the boy promiseth to doe.
1 8th February, 161 6. In the complaint made by Mris Wootten against her
app^ntice Thomas Hill for his neclect of service & for pleaing at dice & whoring It
is therefore ordered that the boy be corrected.
1 8th February, 1616. In the complaint made by David Richardson against
his Mr ffletcher for lack of vittualls It is ordered that ffletcher shall take the boy home
& kepe him as an app°ntice ought to be kept.
There are several records of masters being fined for keeping
more than three apprentices, the usual penalty being ,£5, though this
was sometimes mitigated on petition.
13th June, 1626. This daye John Pinder made complaint against Janson his
app°ntice, this Courte caused the vizard and coate to be brought into the Parlor, and
the apprentice submitted himselfe to his Maister soe that his punishment was forborne.
For some particulars as to the vizard coate and bulbegger,
see p. 393. The mere sight of them had a softening effect upon
Master Janson, as also upon George Tether, who seems to have
caught a glimpse of them next year.
7th August, 1627. This daye the weife of Salomon Carr made complaint
against her apprentice George Tether formerly bound to Jeffery Baskervile deceased
and he had the bulbegger showed him, whoe upon his humble submission to his Mris was
spared in hoape of his better service to her hereafter.
20th November, 1632. Martine Stamp made complaint a«it John Scott by
peticon to this Court thereby intimateing that his son Scotts app°ntice is nowe kept and
o/l minis of the Barber-Surgeons. 269
imployed onely for digging delveing & planting and pruneing potatoes & tobacco in the
Barmoothoes Hand. (Query Bermudas.)
28th January, 1635. It is ordered that Jonas Gargrave shalbe prosecuted to be
disfraunchised at the charge of this house in regard he tooke a married maun apprentice
knoweingly.
Mr. Heydon's apprentice, next referred to, was doubtless a gay
and swaggering young gentleman, and the Court in meteing out its
amusing sentence must have been conscious of touching him on a
sore place.
9th August, 1647. Mr. Heydon complayneing to this Court of his apprentice
here present in Court ffor his evill and stubborne Behavior towards him and frequent
absences out of his service in Day time and in late houres at night The said apprentice
being in Court to answer to the same did rudely and most irreverently behave himselfe
towards his said Mr and the whole Court in sawcy language and behaviour useing severall
Oathes protesting that he will not serve his Mr whatever shall come of it This Court did
therefore cause the Haire of the said apprentice (being undecently long) to be cut shorter.
8th August, 1729. It is ordered that the Clarke do sue Mr- Lee Mr- Pemble and
Mr- Bonzer for binding their Apprentices by Scriveners and not at the Hall.
4th August, 1 741. It is ordered that James Parnell Stevenson who was this day
bound an apprentice to Thos- fford be brought here 12 months hence by his Mar that the
Court may be satisfyed of his being better improved in his Learning.
5th November, 1 791. Elizabeth Conyers was apprenticed to
Elizabeth Castle and presented and bound in Court. This is but one
of numerous entries of girl apprentices.
The Registers of apprentices were for a long period kept in
Latin, e.g. :
28th July, 1658. Mathew Moy fift M.M. nuper de coin Staford vintener
defunct: po: se app. Tho. Pace Watchmaker pro 7 annis a die dat.
The following is an example of a boy being bound to a free-
woman of the Company.
2JO
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
23rd June, 1658. Daniel Alderson fitt Jacobi A. nuper Civ. et B. S. Londini
defunct po: se app. matri suo Katherine Alderson pro 8 annis a die dat.
And here is an instance of a girl, the daughter of a "gentleman,"
being bound to a Barber-Surgeon and to his wife.
1 8th December, 1660. Katharina Bowghy fit. Georgii B. de Addley in coin
Stafford gent, defunct po: se ajip W'"° Bennett B.C. et Martha; uxori ejus pro 7 annis a
die dat.
FREEMEN.
HE earliest recorded fine on admission to the freedom
was £3, one Martin Partridge being sworn in
on 26th July, 1 55 1, when he paid £1 and gave
security for the remainder.
10th September, 1551. John Bryckett,
" toothe drawer," was admitted " a brother into this house " and
paid £1.
10th November, 1 55 1 . On this day four freemen were
admitted paying respectively 6s. 8d., 10s., 2s., iod., and another man
paid nil, which indicates that the fines on admission were variable
and at the pleasure of the Court.
19th September, 1552. It was ordered that free journeymen
should not pay quarterage until such time as they set up for themselves
and kept house.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 271
4th July, 1566. It was ordered that in future any one seeking
admission to the freedom if " Inglyshe borne" should pay £\ and
any " alyan or straynger " £$.
7th October, 1567. In this Courte Rich Morrys upon his fre makinge
p'myssed to gcve the Mri a hucke.
21st October, 1567. In this Courte Thomas Symons and Willm fferrat are
swome and admytted brethren of this Company and are lycenced to sett open shoppe
as parteners to gether w"'oute Smythefelde bars.
2nd June, 1573. Here was Edward Duffeeld of London a practioner in
phisick & Surgery and required to be a brother of this Company and yt was agreed
that he should pay xls in hand and other xls at S'- James daye.
9th June, 1573. Here was Gabriel Petrol for not being admytted a Brother
[he] occupynge Surgerye wthout admyttaunce and he promysed he would and yt was
agreed that he should at a moneth ende bringe in xls in p°te of payment of v1' w"'out
any farther delaye.
3rd June, 1600. Henry Wheelis is appoynted to p°cure his Mr to make him
free the next Court or to geve ov° his shop in long lane yf not then to be comitted
to the compter.
22nd July, 1600. This daye Henry Wilson of Ratcliffe and Mathewe Eaton
of S' Bartholomew in West Smythfeyld were suters to the Mre of this Company to
become brothrs of the same whereuppon they are by this Court injoyned to geve their
answere the next Court what gratificacon they will bestowe of the Company.
6th November, 1604. This daie Vincent Lowe became humble suiter to this
Companie to be admytted into the same by redempcon to wch request this Courte hath
consented p^vided hee paie to this Companie in gratificacon v1' of lawfull money of
England and doe bestowe a dinn' uppon the Assistant^ on Thursday next.
'On.
2j2 o/liiiials of the Barber-Surgeons.
5 th February, 1605. This daie it is ordered that Edward Carclill Inholder
shalbe translated from his Company to this payinge to the Mrs to the use of this
Company iiij1' and beareinge the ordenary chardge.
9th April, 1605. It is this daye ordered that Raphe Parsons a freeman of this
Company and Thomas Sampson Edward Squier and Robert Hoddy late servants &
apprentices to xpofer Thompson shall fynde them Mre in this Company to be turned over
unto before whitson tyde next And that they shall continue no longer wth their mistres
because shee is nowe marryed to a Grocer who is not free of this Company.
29th January, 16 10. fforasmuch as Tobye Johnson would not give consent to
this Court that James Kent1 should be made a freeman The Court have thought fytt the
said James should be at this Court sworn e a freeman of this Company for that ytt cannot
appeere to this Court that the said Johnson can prove any materiall thinge against the
said Jame to debarr him of his freedome.
14th January, 1611. This daie William Tavemor the late app°tice of Widdowe
Sanderson did before the M's of this Company promise that he would not at any tyme
hereafter set up a barbers shopp in any place wthin two p°isshes= at the least where the
said Widdowe Sanderson dwelleth or keepeth shopp uppon wch promise soe by him made
the said Widdowe Sanderson is contented to make him a freeman of this cittie not
w,hstanding he hath untill October next to serve.
2nd July, 161 2. This daie at this Court yt is ordered that Edward Squior the
Dyer shall not be translated from this Company unto the Company of the Dyers for that
if this howse shall give consent unto him maney others of this Company as well Dyers
& grocers as other tradf would sue to have the like kindenes.
9th January, 161 5. At this Court, one John Mathews, "an
oculist," made suit for his admission by redemption —
wch this Court did consent unto conditionallie to gyve this howse a great beare
bowle sutable to the rest of the great beare bowles wch he consented unto.
1 His late apprentice. * Parishes.
c/J minis of the Barber-Surgeons.
273
LIVERYMEN.
RDERED 19th September, 1552, that Peter Saxton and Thomas
Dixon shalbe dysmiste of the Clothinge for their yll demeanor
and behavyor And also Mathew Johnson because he ys not
habull.1
5th November, 1555. Ordered that Henry Pemarton
shall not weare his Lyvery hoode nor paye no maner of quartrage
unto this house but shalbe cleane exempted out of the same.
26th March, 1558. Robert Foster, Robert Grove, and Thomas
Barnet were expelled the Livery "because they are not able."
4th July, 1566. It was ordered that the Livery from thence-
forth should not exceed fifty persons.
3rd December, 1566. Thomas Lambkyn and John Morryt
appeared before the Court and testified against Edward Parke for
that the said Edward —
saide he wolde not come to the Courte beynge warned & y1 yf the Mr comytted
hym to warde he wolde brynge the Mr before the Lorde cheefe Justice And it is
ordered yl the saide Parke shall & is upon his humble submission remytted.-
26th September, 1581. It was agreed that ev°y one in the Lyverie should go
decently in gownes all a like at all metinges and assemblies.
30th June, 1601. This daye Abraham Allen John Hassold Richard Eade &
Henry Oseyld lately taken into the livery of this Company pnsented themselves in their
liv'y gownes and the Mr accordinge to order placed their hoods uppon their showldre'
6th May, 1602. Roger Jenkins, free of the Weavers' Company
and an "admitted brothr in the practize of Surgery," applied to be
admitted to the freedom, and upon payment of ^10 was made free and
taken into the Clothing.
Able, i.e., solvent.
Be forgiven.
2 N
2J4 c/lnihils of the Barber-Surgeons.
7th June, 1602. This daye it was ordered that forasmuch as Richard Samborne
one of the livery of this Company had used divers opprobrius & undecent woordes of
Mr Newsam That the said Richard should forbeare the wearinge of his livery & hud untill
hee had ordr therefore from the Mrs of this Company.
1 6th August, 1602. This daye Richard Howlden and Thomas Grig were
admitted into the clothinge of this mistery and were commaunded to p°vide them
necessary apparrell for the same.
8th November, 1604. This daye Dominick Lumley became humble suiter to
this Courte to be dischardged of the office of Steward and Mr of the Anothomie and of
the Liv°y and all officers w"'inne the same and in consideration thereof hee is to paie
tenn poundf to be converted into three peecf of plate as a guifte for his dischardge.
5th February, 1605. This daye Richard Cade & Richard Holden were fyned
for not beinge at Powles' in theire Lyveryes & theire hoodes on Candlemas daye last.
22nd January, 1606. This daie Roger Buckley & Richard Wood Junio' for
that they dwell in the Cuntrey and have not for long tyme gyven their attendaunce in
their lyveryes accordeing to order are absolutely dismissed owt of the lyvery of this
Company.
2 1 st August, 1609. This day Andrew Wheatley was fined to xij'1 for attendinge
in a fallinge band w"' his livery gowne wch he accordinglie payd.
26th October, 1612. This daie it is ordered that from hensforth the lyv'ie of
this Company maie at their meeting^ out of this howse weare their hates' w"1 their
lyv°ies Any order heretofore made to the contrary notwithstanding.
29th December, 161 5. Four liverymen admitted this day
paid £2 each as a fine, and fifteen others paid £5 each. Humphrey
Downinge, who had been chosen a Liveryman, and would not accept
the Clothing, was fined and paid ^10.
27th January, 161 7. It was ordered that from henceforth
the Liverymen were not to appear at the Hall in their gowns and
1 St. raul!s. - Hats.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 275
hoods on Christmas, Twelfth and Candlemas days " as formerlie
they were accustomed to doe," but at their seats at St. Paul's instead.
13th September, 1621. The livery was generally composed
of an equal number of Barbers and of Surgeons ; on this day it
was ordered —
That at the next choise of a new Lyvcry there shalbe chosen a Barber more
than a Surgeon for that Mr Kellett hath not accepted of the place as yett, if he shall
not accept thereof.
1636. A great many Liverymen were chosen this year,
apparently for the purpose of assisting by their fines, the fund for the
building of the Anatomical Theatre ; from various entries at this
period it would seem that when a freeman desired to be excused taking
the Livery, he was obliged to take an oath before the Masters of his
inability to pay the fine.
19th May, 1637. This Court upon divers treatise with Abraham Purrott a
brother of this Companie being chosen into the livery by a former Court &: he being
summoned to appeare this daye by agreem' yet came not and hath alsoe formerly1
answered that he will not hold the place of a liveryman nor paye the fine but would onely
give a peece of plate of vu to this house as his gift in full satisfaction of all his fines &
places, \vdl this Court doth think to be farr short And therefore this Court doth impose
and fine the said Abraham Purrott at xx1' according to the ordinances confirmed by the
Lords & by the Statute.
Several others were from time to time similarly fined, both in
the 17th and y 8th centuries.
2nd August, 1737. At this Court Robert Young who was the apprentice of
James Phillips Surgeon was admitted into the freedom of the Company by service and
was sworn, and the said Mr Young at the same time took the Livery, and his master
Mr Phillips out of his own bounty and a just sense of the diligent and faithfull services of
the said Robert Young during his Apprenticeship did not only pay the charges of the
said Mr Young's freedom but did likewise bestow upon him his fine for the Livery being
ten pounds.
1 Formally.
2j6
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
29th October, 1751. It is ordered that upon all future days for swearing in the
Lord Mayor of this City at Westminster when this Company shall have their Stand as
usual No Liveryman shallbe admitted into the same without leave of the Master unless
he shall walk in the Publick Procession cloathed in his proper Livery gown and hood
according to his summons.
3rd October, 1752. It was further ordered —
That two men and a constable shall be hired to guard the Stand and see that the
said Order be complied with.
9th November, 1765. Several liverymen notwithstanding
former orders to the contrary, having appeared on the Company's Stand
on Lord Mayors' days without their gowns and hoods, it was ordered
that any liveryman transgressing in the like in future, should be fined
half-a-guinea.
THE YEOMANRY.
HE Yeomanry of the Barber-Surgeons appear to
have had a most chequered existence, having been
" established " and " put downe " several times,
until finally they appear to have died out both
in constitution and in name.
The Yeomanry answered exactly to the class of Members who
are now styled " Freemen," and for a long period were the most
numerous body in the Company. In early times the numbers of
the Livery or Clothing were strictly limited, and under the Tudors
and Stuarts rarely exceeded fifty, but as the persons who were com-
pelled to take up their freedom, and those who came in voluntarily
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 277
or by patrimony and servitude have always been a numerous section,
it appears to have been considered politic to give a constitution to
these inferior members of the Mystery, and consequently a Yeomanry,
or Company within the Company was set up, and to this the new
freeman was admitted after he had been presented and sworn before
the Masters or Governors of the Clothing.
The Court of the Company framed the Ordinances for the
Yeomanry, and whilst delegating to them many of their own privileges,
as, for instance, the power to levy fines, and to summarily commit
offenders to prison, they always seem to have retained a very tight and
jealous hand over them, and were constantly interfering with the
Wardens of the Yeomanry.
The Yeomanry had their own four Wardens and Court of
Assistants, their Beadle and mace, common box, standing cups and
other silver plate, their annual dinner, and sometimes, when in a
flourishing condition, no less than four dinners in the year, their
" corrector " for apprentices, and they also possessed the choice
privilege of collecting the quarterage from their members. Under
such auspicious circumstances, it could hardly be otherwise than that,
in process of time, they should become both presumptuous and
audacious and thus provoke inevitable collision with the Ruling
body of the Company.
The Wardens of the Yeomanry at one period had designated
themselves, or certainly encouraged others to describe them, as
" The Wardens of the Barber-Surgeons," an assumption not to be
tolerated, and, like their Masters on the Clothing, had been accustomed
to go to their homes (after their gatherings and feasts) in state,
accompanied by a " trayne or traynes " ; these acts of presumption
called forth the restraining order of the 15th September, 1588 {vide
2yS cAnmils of the Barber-Surgeons.
post). Later on we find that they went "in searche to see what
ser'vnts some firemen of the Companie had, wch they ought not to do,"
they gave way to too much feasting and arbitrarily exercised their
powers of fine and imprisonment, all which offences brought them
reprimands, and somewhere about the year 1604 their temporary
extinguishment. They were, however, soon after re-erected, but in
the year 1635 permanently "disestablished and disendowed."
Although the Constitution of the "Yeomanry" was then
abolished, the appellation was retained for over 200 years after, though
merely as a traditional distinctive name synonymous with that of
" freemen." Thus, the whifflers for Lord Mayor's day were always
chosen out of the "Yeomanry," and members of the "Yeomanry"
are continually spoken of as being chosen into the Livery.
In the Audit Book, 1 847-1 848, this ancient term is used for the
last time in respect of the receipts for quarterage, after this the
designation becomes " freemen."
19th September, 1552. It is condescendyd and agreed that there shalbe no
more yomanry of the said Company of Barbors Surgeons.
1st October, 1555. It was agreed "that the yomanrye of the
sayed Company of Barbors and Surgeons shalbe establisshed and
set up agayne and be in as full strenght force and power as ever
yt was before the plucking downe of the same," and articles or
ordinances for the Yeomanry were enacted. As, however, these
articles are excessively verbose, the following descriptions and
extracts will suffice : —
Article 1. Out of the Yeomanry were to be chosen four Wardens
annually, and named respectively, the uppermost, second, third and
youngest Wardens.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 2J9
Article 2. One of the Yeomanry to be appointed Beadle of
the Yeomanry to execute summonses, etc.
Article 3. The Wardens of the Yeomanry to bring in once a
year to the Masters and Governors of the Clothing, an account of
monies remaining in their hands to be delivered to the new Wardens,
and to be "kept and bestowed as they w'in themselves shall thinke
yt meete and convenyent to the helpe and comforte of them w'in the
yomanry of Barbors and Surgeons." The Wardens were also to
present the new Wardens to the Masters or Governors for approval
within eight days after being chosen. The Masters or Governors
were to " have nothinge to dooe withe the monye of the yomanry."
Article 4. If the Masters or Governors should borrow any
monies of the Yeomanry they were to repay on a day to be agreed
upon " the sayed some so borrowed w1 thanks geving."
Article 5. The Wardens on the day of Election of Masters or
Governors of the Clothing shall —
come to the dynner at the hall in their best apparrell at the daye appointed
whiche is the mondaye senighte before Barthelmew daye, and when the Mr and governors
of the Clothinge doo gooe and choose the new Mr and governors the cheif wardein of the
yomanrye shall beare the cup before the Mr The seconde wardein shall beare the cupp
before the uppermoste governor of the clothinge. The thirde wardein of the yomary
shall beare the cupp before the seconde governor of the clothinge and the yongest
wardein of the yomanry shall beare the cupp before the yongest governor of the clothinge
in knowledging of the setting up of the yomanrye agayne.
In the event of sickness or lawful absence, others were to be
appointed to this duty.
And furthermore that noen of the wardeins of the yomanrye of barbors and
surgeons doo presume to goo aboute to make searche to see in anye of the Companyes
houses to knowe what prentizes they have or journeymen as the Mr and governors doo
2So zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of the clothinge whoo have aucthoritie so to dooe. Yf the wardeins of the yomanry be
taken or justelye proved that they doo soo, to forfaycte at every tyme so doying to the
hall vj1' xiijs iiij'1
Article 6. The Wardens of the Yeomanry were to collect the
quarterage of freemen (3^. per quarter) and of " fforyners " (6d. per
quarter), and duly pay same over to the Masters and Governors, and
books of account were to be kept by the Wardens. Note. — In
practice this article was varied, as the Yeomanry kept the quarterage
and " compounded " with the Masters for a fixed annual sum.
Article 7. The Masters were to pay the Wardens of the
Yeomanry £\ which had been "advanced by them in 1543 for
provysyon of wheete for the Cytie," and which sum had been
recently refunded by the City.
Article 8. The Yeomanry were to have the use of the chamber
"where the Lecture ys reade every Tewysday " whenever they please
to consult therein.
Article 9. These Articles were to be written on parchment,
sealed and delivered to the Wardens of the Yeomanry.
Article 10. The Masters were to give notice to the Wardens
of the Yeomanry of any rules which they from time to time should
make touching the craft.
Article 11. The rules and ordinances of the Company were to
be read to the Yeomanry three times in every year, viz. : at Candlemas,
in May and at Lammas.
Article 12. The Yeomanry were to obey all the rules and
ordinances now made or to be made.
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 281
16th October, 1555. The first four Wardens of the Yeomanry
were presented to the Masters, their names being Edward Hewet,
John Surbut, George Corraunte (Corron) and Thomas Buston (Burston).
1 2th October, 1557. It was ordered : —
That the Wardens of the yeomanry allwaise for the tyme beinge and by theire
Assistant^ shall Elect and chuse every yeare to (two) w"'in themsylffs to be CoostfJ' of
the Lyberary and of the Instrmentf \vch by the Mrs and Governors it was thought good
and most Convenyent that those too whyche are maisters of the Anathomys to be Elected
and Chosen the sayde Cowstf (of the) Lyberary and Instrumetis, and the Wardens of the
yeomanry for the tyme beinge shall delyv" and geve the kayse of the lyberarye and of the
instrument howse unto those whyche they have Chosen to be Coustose thereof. And
(further allso That the sayde Wardens of the yeomanry for the tyme beinge shall allwayse
se and looke yl the saide instrumentf be kepte Cleane and that they shall do upon theyre
owne Chirgis.-'
15th September, 1558. It was ordered : —
That uppon the Election daye and chusynge of the fowre wardeyns of the
yeomary of the Mystery or Companye aforesayde And also theyre Wardeyns then beynge
elected and chosen and also theyre Dyner or Recreocion then at or hall beynge w* all y'
Lawfull busynes then don and ended That and then also at theire goynge and dep''tinge
frome our hall the sayde fowre wardeyns of the yeomanrye so named by that name and by
none other shall in any maner of wyse p'sume or take uppon them nor any of them to
be wayted on or broughte home unto yr owne houses Neyther shall go unto any other
place or placf elf where havynge w"1 or after them any trayne or traynes eyther of yc
sayde Assystaunce or any beynge oute of theyre sayde assystaunce and Companye But
every p^sone and persones of the sayde feloshyppe of the yeomanrye then shall quyetly
departe and go every man his owne waye aboute his necessarye busynesse.
A fine of five marks was ordered to be taken from the " comon
boxe " of the yeomanry, if the above regulation should be transgressed.
Provided Allwaye That the sayde Wardeyns with the Rest of theyre
assystaunce feloshyppe and Companye of the Yeomanry maye and shall at all Tyme
1 Custos or keepers. • Charges.
2 O
28 2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
and tymes decently and orderly go unto the maryagis offering^ and Buryalls of theyre
sayde Brethren and Susters of the sayde Company of the yeomanry as they here to
fore have dun.
4th July, 1 566. It was ordered that the Wardens and Assistants
of the Yeomanry should be allowed to sit at the " Uppermore" table
in the Hall on quarter days to receive their quarterages, and to read
the rules and ordinances to the Yeomanry.
1 8th February, 1567. In Thys Courte here was Edward Parke beynge'
comytted to warde at the comaundment of the wardens of the yeomanry for his
disobedyenc''s, and for his oprobrius & obstynat words in the p'sents of this Courte
to the Mr & govViors he is comytted to warde agayne.
1 8th January, 1569. At this Court seven freemen were sworn
in to be Assistants to the Yeomanry.
15th November, 1569. In this Courte the wardens of the yeomanry broughte
in the p°sentf of this courte John Wyllet Thorns Warren and John Jaggard & they
reported y' Nycolas Whytemore sholde reporte at the thre tonnes at yeldehall gate y'
Mr Pole of the chauncery shold saye yl we ought to have no wardens of the yeomanry.
And Nycols Whytemore said y' he was at supper at Mr Pole & one Mr Lovels & they
paused the statutf & said to Whyttemore he hath ben warden of his copany & he
said no he had been warden of the yeomanry & M' Pole sholde saye we cold not
have a yeomanry.
18th April, 1570. Here was John Jagger sayth that he was nev° a councell
or knoleg of any p°moter beyng set to trouble the Company for the state of o' yeomanry
And also John Wyllet denyeth the byll & wyll not confesse any thinge wthoute the
p°sentC of his accuser but for knowledge of the p°motter he nev° meante yt he said
befor god. And Thomas Warren saed he hathe kepte all to hymsylf & nev0 mynded
nor thoughte to trouble in any respecte and denyeth the byll also. And yt is ordered
that they shall agree brotherly together and here after they nor any of them shall
move or speake or make any rehcrsall of any matter as consernyng the state of
the yeomary upon payne of iprysonment. And Thorns Warren John Wyllet &
John Jagger shall take yr romes & placf and brotherly they have eyther of them
taken one a nother handes & so these matters nev0 to be reported any more here after.
1 i.e. Having been.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 283
This brotherly amity did not long continue, for : —
23rd May, 1570. Here was John Warren & John Wyllet is comytted to
warde for dysobedyence, and Thomas Newens said that one Husto an informer his
neyghbo' saide that the company sholde be arested ' upon a statute & y' yt is one of or
company did sett the enformer to do yt but he founde not the statute to holde w"'
them & y'fore he wolde not deale, but to name the p,:ite3 he wolde not.
Warren and Wyllet must have been sent straight off to prison,
as a further minute states that on the same day "after diner," Warren
was brought up out of the Compter for examination.
On the 29th May, Wyllet made submission and was released
from prison.
19th September, 1570. Warren and Wyllet seem to have
been cantankerous brethren, for they were complained of by the
Wardens of the Yeomanry for refusing to take upon themselves the
office of Wardens to which they had been elected.
7th October, 1572. Wyllet is again complained of for going
to law with another member of the Company without license from the
Masters, to which he pleaded that under a statute 19 Henry VII,
cap. viii, he could lawfully do so. The result of this contention is not
expressly stated, though there is not the least doubt but that Wyllet
revisited the Compter, and ultimately withdrew his suit.
5th March, 1573. It was ordered —
That where there hath ben an order that the whole bodye of the yeomanrye of
this mysterie were compelled under a certeine fyne and penaltye to meet theire wardens at
a certeine place by them appointed beinge by the beadle warned, to go to offre at the
weddings of their brethren at all times when any of them weare married wch was to their
great trouble, and divers inconvenyences grewe thereoff as absence from s°rvice and
sermons one sonday mornyngs and other unmeate and inconvenient meetinges in steed
therof. Wherefore, the said order was declared henceforth to be void.
1 i.e. Sued. - Party.
2 0 2
2 84 o/l finals of the Barber-Surgeons.
6th October, 1573. Here was a controv'sy betweene the wardens of the
yeomanrye that were the last yere and the Audyto" of yeomanryes accomptes for that
the Audytoures would not allowe that wch was required by the said late wardens for
bread and dryncke at theyre elleccon Daye, the some was xxvij* and order was taken that
they should be allowed xvjs and they to beare the reste on theire owne chargeis and so to
be ffrendf and Lovers w"' quietnes.
6th June, 1577. Here also the wardens of the yeomanry were comaunded for
good and urgent Cawse to bring in there graunt from the maisters of there yomanry
against the next Corte Daie for that they did take more Quarteridge then by the Lawe
they might do and also contrary to there saide graunte and in breche of the same they
went after a sort in searche to see what serVnts some ffremen of the Companie had wth
they ought not to do, and so yt was for that tyme let passe w"1 warning to do so no more
and also for that they did not yerelie shewe there accompt wcl' now they did and hence-
forth will according to there dutie.
9th October, 1579. At this Co'te also the Wardens of the Yeomanry brought in
their accompte before the saide masters and yt was agreed upon good consideracons for
that manye of the said yeomanrye did ympoverishe them selves by makinge of qrter
Dyners and suche unnecessary metinges that from henceforthe their shalbe no more
quarter Dyners be kept in or Hall by the saide yeomanrye or any of them but shall
do as heretofore hathe ben accustomed to be don.
1587. The Yeomanry seem to have again incurred the dis-
pleasure of the Masters, who thereupon summoned them to appear
and shew cause why their grant should not be annulled, whereupon
they came on the 27th July and —
gave their ffree and full consentf that yf they have broken any p'te of their
graunte to them heretofore made they will surrender upp their yeomanry.
10th August, 1587. The privilege of collecting quarterage was
taken away from the Yeomanry.
Also whereas there hathe ben a Rule graunted to the yeomanrie that they maie
send p''sons to ward for disobedyence and to take ffynes yt ys fullie agreed the same
Rule shalbe void But yf anie varyance happen to be, the same shall be declared to the
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 285
masters or governo" for Reformacon And further that the said yeomanrie shall take
none into their Assystance \v"'oute the consent of or saide masters or governo" and their
successor-
7th September, 1587. Mr Henry Rankin Mr of or Companie made a motyon
whether he sholde swere the yeomanry or not and yf they should be sworne what othe
he should geve them. And yt was agreed by the saide Corte That the Masters or
Governo" may take the p°sentment of them but not swere them. And further yf the
yeomanry do request to be sworne they must be answered w* the wordf of their pattent
wc" ys onlie to p°sent them. And further touching the colleccon of their quartridge yt
must stand as yt dothe untill further consultacon be had therein and yf they have any
request to make or ought to saie they must bring the same in writinge into this Corte.
29th May, 1600. This daie the wardens of the yomanrye made requeste to
the Maisters that they woulde be pleased to redeliver unto them their booke of orders
which remayneth in their Custodie, whereuppon it is not thoughte fitt by the Courte
that the yeomanrie have the Custodie of the said booke, but that the Clarke of this
Companye keepe the same And that he shewe the same booke to the yeomanrye when
they have occasion to use it.
About two years previously the Court had endeavoured to
put down the Yeomanry and had curtailed many of their privileges ;
the exact nature of the disagreement is not stated, but it doubtless
arose from the Yeomanry " takeinge to much uppon themsyllfs."
17th January, 1604. At this Courte it is ordered That the Ould Wardens of
the Yomanrye doe bringe in such money as is behind by theire Audite beinge eight
pounds twelve shillings and eight pence Orells to be committed to the Compter.
28th February, 1605. It was ordered that a Yeomanry of this
Company should be established, though there is no entry of its
extinguishment. Rules and ordinances were to be made by the
Court, and twenty-four persons were to be nominated by the " present
wardens of the said Yeomanry" to serve as a Court of Assistants
for the Yeomanry, with a power of veto reserved to the Masters.
286 a/J n /nils of the Barber-Surgeons.
1 6th April, 1605. A Committee sat to consider the patent
to be granted to the Yeomanry.
2nd May, 1605. This daye the Mr and Mr Warden Mapes and Mr Thorney
deliv°ed to the Wardens of the yomanry viz. Robert Jenninges and Richard Alderson
and also to Robert Wood and Edward Goodale the yomanryes boxe and money their
Corrector their twoe standinge Cuppes & Covers and their cases and all such othr
thinges as they had of the yomanryes, but onely their patent \vch is to be renued &
twoe of their keyes were deliv'ed to the sayd Robert Wood and Edward Goodale
by them to be kept.
24th May, 1605. This daye the ordynancf of the yomanry were ratiefied &
confirmed by this Court. Also the quarterages of the yomanry was this daye demised
unto the wardens of the yomanry from the xvj'h of September next ensuinge for the
terme of at the yerely rent of 8" to be paid by quarterly
payments wcl' demyse was passed by wrytinge indented as by the same more at lardge
may appeare.
At the end of the Minute Book, 1 598-1607, is a copy of a
part of this indenture.
26th November, 1607. It was ordered : —
That the wardens of the yomanry shall take for the use of their funerall clothe
at e''vy funerall wherein it is used ijh vj'1 And the bedell for his attendaunce xij'1 provided
notw"'standinge that if such deceased p°son shall owe unto the yomanry arrerages of
quarterage that the wardens of the sayd yomanry shall not lend their said funerall cloth
before such arrerages be first paid.
10th August, 1609. It was ordered that the Yeomandry shall hold their great
generall dinner albeit they made request to the Contrary.
The next extracts record the last events in the chequered
existence of the Yeomanry.
17th November, 1635. According to a former order of Court the Wardeins of
the yeomanrye did this daye deliver up unto the Maisters their Accompt and the xvij1' Vs
viijd in money upon the foote of that Accompt Also they delivered up to this Court their
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
2S7
plate bookf and goodf with the Inventarye and that being delivered & donn Richard
Lamb and Thomas Duppa twoe of the yeomanrye Wardeins thiewe downe their keyes on
the table in a scornefull manner and badd ye Mrs take all.
3rd December, 1635. This daye upon mature deliberation had as alsoe upon
just groundf and causes showed to this Court of the greate burthen of this Companie in
the continuall charge of the keepeing of a yeomanrye And it being propounded to this
Court whether the Wardeins and Assistants of the yeomanrye should continew the
holding of the yeomanrye yea or noe It was by most voyces fully concluded and ordered
that they shall continew noe longer their governem1 And they the Wardeins & Assistant^
of the yeomanrye & their governem1 are by this Court dissolved.
THE CLERK.
HE office of Clerk of the Company is doubtless as
ancient as the Company itself, although there is no
mention of one prior to the year 15301; but as there
were always registers to be kept, fees to receive,
apprentices to bind, and the multifarious business of a
Livery Guild to conduct and record, we conclude that
the office has existed from the earliest period.
The Clerk in Queen Mary's time seems to have combined
the occupation of gardener with that of his office, and for this he
had but a small fee in addition to his stipend. Later on the Clerks
appear to have devised fees for every conceivable kind of business
which could possibly be transacted at Barber-Surgeons' Hall, and
in the 17th and 1 8th centuries the income derived from this source
alone must have been very considerable.
The Company has been served by good, bad and indifferent
Clerks ; we prefer to dwell only on the former and record the names
In the ordinances of Sir Thos. More.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 289
among others, of Francis Rovvdon, Charles Bernard and John
Paterson as being worthy to be held in goodly remembrance. The
books of the Company abound in testimony to their ability as well
as to the fidelity and zeal which they displayed in the execution
of their office.
1st October, 1555. The first Clerk of whom there is any
record is Thomas Apulton (or Apleton), who, being Beadle, was
promoted to that office.
As will be seen elsewhere, the Company had a fair garden
in Monkwell Street, and the following interesting minute connects
it with the Clerk : —
8th October, 1555. The Clercke of our Companye shall have for waxe pennes
and ynke and for trymynge of the gardeyn yerelye vjs viijd- Yf the gardeyn be not
well trymined and made clene weded and swept at all tymes when the Mr and Governors
of the clothing or any of Thassistaunce of the same shall see yt and thereupon fynde
faulte then the saide Clercke shall paye a ffyne to the hall because the said gardein
ys not made cleane swept and wedyd as the Mr and Governors of the Clothinge and
thassistaunce of the same shall think meete and convenyent.
5th March, 1556. It was ordered that if —
The Clercke of the Company doo evile mysuse any of the Clothinge or of the
yomanry w"1 unsemely words & dewe proofe therof had and proved he shalbe dismyssed
clere from the having of the Office of clercke.
27th August, 1557. John Johnson was elected and sworn Clerk
" for so longe time as he shal behave hymsyllfe well and honestlye in
the saide office." The salary was fixed at £\ per annum, with 6s. %>d.
extra for paper, ink and keeping the garden, and " for wasshinge of the
lynen of the howse iijs iiijd"
It would appear that one Wilson had some time previously been
Clerk, for arrangements were made by which Wilson's widow was not
2 p
H)o aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
to be put out of her house, and it was also settled that if Johnson died
before his wife, his widow should in like manner have the house after
his decease. The rent of this house, which was attached to the Hall
was \os. per annum, and paid by the Clerk to the Renter Warden.
Johnson probably continued Clerk till about 1570, as the books
are kept in the same handwriting until then.
Thomas Garter succeeded Johnson, but on 14th January, 1572,
he was dismissed from his office for a "certain lewde facte by him
committed," and William Field was elected and sworn in in his
place. Field wrote an exceedingly neat and precise hand.
20th March, 1572. It was ordered that in future the Clerk of
the Company should always be chosen from among the freemen.
15th March, 1575. William Eden elected Clerk vice Field.
14th November, 1577. Eden was ordered to receive £6 per
annum " benevolence" over and above his salary of £.\, in consideration
of the " smalenes of his lyvinge."
10th December, 1596. Eden was indebted to the Company
£10, "yet in regard of the hardnes of the tyme and his greate charge
he shalbe forborne this yere." At the same Court, gifts were made to
the Beadle and Porter on account of the hardness of the times.
1 6th June, 1597. Eden's troubles had not forsaken him for we
read under this date —
There was geven unto Willin Eden Clark of the Companie in regard of his
greate charge and the scarsy.tie of the tyme the some of v" and for the x" wch he oweth he
ys to pay the same as god shall inable him.
2nd November, 1597. Francis Rowdon elected Clerk vice
Eden. Rowdon appears to have been a most methodical man and
c/i minis of the Rnrber-Surgeons. 2^1
kept the books with scrupulous neatness and care ; his writing is a
very fine specimen of the Court hand of the period, and the best in the
Company's books for many years.
J599- The Clerk's Salary was raised to £6 per annum.
1600. To £8 per annum, and in
1603 To .£10 per annum.
26th November, 1607. This daye ffrancf Rowdon Clark to this Company
p'sented his peticon to this Court by wd' hee prayed ratificaeon of certen fees belonginge
to his place and office in this Company as hereof doe insue.
Ffirst hee prayed to have xls- for the drawinge registringe of the M* accompt so
that it be regestered \v"'in twoe moneths aft' the awdit.
Also hee prayed to have x5' for ev'y alienaeon of every lease of any of the
Companyes landes or tenemtf for wrytinge thereof.
Also to have for the drawinge & ingroseinge of every lease xx"'
Also to have xijd- for ev'y othe ministered by any of the Mrs to any of the
yomanry of this Company.
Also to have xij'1, for ev°y one that is made free by service and sixe shilling^ &
sixe pence of every man that is made free by redempcon or translacon.
Also vjs viij4 for enteringe of every Anathomy accompt.
Also to have iiij4 for every Acquittance that hee shall make for the wardens of
the yomanry for the forme of theyre quarterage And xij''- of them for the Coppie of
every order wch concerneth the governem' of the yomanry.
Also that hee may have of ev°y freeman for his letter of admittance or tolleracon
under the seale of the house vjs- viiij''- And of ev'y forren for the lyke xs- And of ev°y
alien xiijs- iiijd'
Also for pennes Inck & pap° and for the wardens bookes p° an. xs-
Also for every bill of complaynt iiij1''
Also for enteringe of ev°ry order betwixt p''tie & p°tie for the endinge of any
Controversie xij'1
Also for makeinge cleane the hall against ev°y feaste iiij5' And such a dishc
of meate as the M's of ev'y such feast shall think fit.
2 P 2
2g2 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Also for evny searche for the name of ev9y freman or app'ntice iiij''
Also for ev°y p'son that is taken into the liv^y iijs iiij'1
Also for evr'y p'son that is taken into the Assistant^ iiijs- iiij'1-
All wch ordinancf and allowances were ratiefied & confirmed by this Court.
6th July, 1609. Uppon the humble suite & peticon of ffrancf Rowdon Clarke
to this Company It is this daye ordered by this Courte that w",in one moneth next
ensuinge hee shall nolat to the p°nt Mrs a sufficient Clarke to whom hee is desyreous to
surrender his place and office of Clark to this Company And his suite shalbe graunted
unto him if such p0son so to be p'Yited unto this Court shalbe lyked and allowed.
26th July, 1609. Rowdon presented Richard Ratsdale,
Scrivener, for the office of Clerk, about whose sufficiency and ability
enquiries were ordered to be made, but they were not satisfactory, for,
on the 10th August, William Syddon was elected Clerk vice Rowdon.
The same day it was ordered that Rowdon was to continue
in the Livery and to have the use of the Hall and his house until
Michaelmas, also that Syddon was to be translated from the Cutlers'
Company.
Syddon's records of the Company's business were very meagre
and a great contrast to those of the former Clerk.
7th October, 1625. Syddon surrendered his clerkship to
Richard Turner (a son of Cressens Turner, Clerk in the Lord Mayor's
Court), who was admitted and sworn. Turner died in 1643, an<^ by
his will left some property to the Company to be annually distributed
in charity amongst freemen of the Barber-Surgeons, and this became
the source of a protracted litigation between his widow and the
Company. On the 17th November, 1643, sne filed a bill against the
Company, which they defended, and succeeded in retaining the greater
portion of the bequest. The accounts appear to have been very
intricate and involved, remaining unsettled for many years. The
z/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 293
Court, however, distributed the whole of the bequest in accordance
with the will, as long as the estate (which was leasehold) held out.
16th June, 1628. It is ordered by this Court and our Mr gave order to the
Clarke that he should henceforward have a stoole and sitt at the end of the table \v"'
his bookes and register as the clarkes of other Companies doe.
2nd October, 1643. Robert Rawlins elected Clerk vice Turner.
30th June, 1648. The Court granted Rawlins ,£30 in considera-
tion of his great pains about the Company's business, and ordered that
his salary should be raised from ^10 to ,£30 per annum.
23rd February, 1658. Richard Reynell elected Clerk vice
Rawlins (resigned).
2 1 st July, 1685. Joseph Masters elected Clerk.
17th September, 1685. Charles Hargrave elected "Deputy
Clerk." The business of the Company had of late years increased
enormously in consequence of the examinations of and Certificates to
Navy Surgeons, examinations held for superannuation of wounded or
infirm soldiers and sailors, and other matters connected with the Navy
office, all of which entailed vast labour on the Clerk.
28th November, 1688. Charles Hargrave elected Clerk vice
Masters.
20th November, 1707. Charles Bernard elected Clerk vice
Hargrave.
Hargrave had kept the books in a slovenly manner, and appears
to have been both a dishonest servant as well as an improvident man.
2i)4
aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
iith December, 1707. It was reported to the Court that
Hargrave's Estate was indebted to the Company ^320 8s. 6d., moneys
which he had received and not accounted for.
8th July, 1708. Mrs. Sarah Hargrave (his Widow) presented
a petition for relief, stating that she was in poor circumstances, with six
children unprovided for, whereupon the Court, notwithstanding her late
husband's delinquencies, very generously ordered her a gratuity of
;£i2 10s. od.
Charles Bernard was a relative of, and Executor to Charles
Bernard, Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Anne and Master in 1703. It is
delightful to observe the methodical and careful manner in which
Bernard began, and all through his life kept the books and accounts ;
he wrote a large and elegant hand, though somewhat encumbered with
flourishes, and his signature is a characteristic one.
7th September, 1708. Hargrave's son was in the Compter,
and the Clerk was directed to see and talk with him about the
Company's papers in his custody, and if he would give them up the
Clerk was to make him a present of three guineas.
The Court frequently relieved Mrs. Hargrave, and in December,
1709, gave her ^15.
o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 295
Among the official list of Clerk's fees at this period were
the following : —
For the use of the Hall for ffuneralls, Country ffeasts or weddings i o o
ffor the ffunerall of every Liveryman, the best hood or - 070
17th July, 1 7 18. The Court as a particular reward to Charles Bernard their
Clerk for abstracting and peruseing the Companys title to the Estate in East Smithfield
and for his care in passing the fine thereof whereby the Company saved a sume of money
and for his extraordinary trouble in attending the Lords of the Admiralty and prosecuteing
several persons for takeing the dead bodys from the place of Execucon Did and do
hereby give him the sume of fourscore pounds who accepted the same as a most
bountifull Instance of the kindness of this Court to him with a full resolueon on his part
to acquitt himself by all imaginable and constant returns of duty and gratitude.
Mr. Charles Bernard, who had been a most zealous Clerk
and high in the esteem of the Court, died somewhere between the
5th and 20th February, 1740.
25th March, 1740. Joseph Wheeler, son of John Wheeler,
Barber-Surgeon, elected Clerk, vice Bernard. Wheeler wrote a
fine bold and flowing hand ; and the books were well kept, but he
was evidently not so able a man as Mr. Bernard.
4th July, 1740. Joseph Wheeler provided two sureties who
entered into a bond for ,£3,000, to ensure his fidelity in the execution
of his office.
17th January, 1743. The Commissioners of the Navy having
complained that sufficient regard had not been paid to former letters
of theirs respecting Surgeons' Mates, and it appearing that the Clerk
had withheld the said letters from the Court, it was ordered that he
should be suspended forthwith, with which the Commissioners were
acquainted and also that the Court had resolved not to take off such
suspension but by the consent and desire of the Commissioners.
2cj6 oA nn als of the Barber-Surgeons.
31st January, 1743. The Commissioners of the Navy having
signified their desire that the Clerk should be restored to his office,
he was called into Court, severely reprimanded, reinstated in his
position, and cautioned as to his future conduct.
Mr. Wheeler continued Clerk until the separation of the
Surgeons from the Barbers in 1 745, when neither body retained
his services, and it appearing that moneys were due from him to
the Company, application was made to his sureties.
25th June, 1745. John Paterson was chosen Clerk to the
Barbers' Company at the first Court held after the separation, and
entered into a Bond with two sureties in a sum of ,£2,000.
19th February, 1746. Mr. Paterson having brought in an
account of his Costs in the matter of the separation of the Surgeons
amounting to ,£167 13s. 2d., and also an account of voluntary con-
tributions by members of the Company towards defraying the same
amounting to £ 168 icw. 6c/., he begged the Court to accept of his
past services as a return for the honour done him in his election,
and the Court were pleased to accept of the compliment, but having
a high sense of the services rendered by Mr. Paterson, they directed
the sum of £§o to be laid out in plate and presented to him " to
remain in his family as a memorial of his merit and of their gratitude."
5th March, 1765. Mr. Paterson requested permission to resign
his office, which the Court accepted with great reluctance, and passed
a complimentary resolution in his favour.
Richard Beale, who had been Mr. Paterson's clerk and was
highly recommended by him, was elected Clerk.
8th August, 1765. Mr. Paterson was unanimously elected
an Assistant.
o/Iunals of the Barber-Surgeons. igj
Mr. Beale bequeathed .£500 to the Company in reversion on
the death of Mrs. Ann Woodhouse.
22nd April, 1766. James Marye elected Clerk vice Beale
(deceased).
22nd April, 1766. John Paterson Esquire being withdrawn a Motion was made
and the question being put That a piece of plate of the value of Fifty Pounds or there-
abouts be presented to the said Mr Paterson as a mark of the high esteem and value this
Court entertains of his merit and abilities and to shew their gratitude to him for his long
and faithful services during the course of twenty years and in return for his readiness
on every occasion to assist this Court with his advice and council, the same was carried
in the Affirmative, Nemine Contradicente.
By the Accounts for this year it appears that a Silver Tureen,
Dish and Ladle were purchased for ^"65 165. od., and this was no
doubt the gift to Mr. Paterson.
20th August, 1767. The Court being informed that Mr.
Paterson intended to stand for the City at the next General
Election, it was ordered that he should have the use of the
Company's Hall for his meetings.
An excellent mezzotint portrait of Mr. Paterson, with some
eulogistic lines below, is preserved at Barbers' Hall.
In 1754 Mr. Paterson presented to the Company the valuable
portrait of the Duchess of Richmond, painted by Sir Peter Lely,
and which still adorns the Court Room.
Mr. Paterson was a member of the Common Council, and
sometime Chairman of the Bridge House Estates Committee, he
was also M.P. for Ludgershall, Wilts. He was ever faithful to this
Company, serving it with distinguished ability, and seems to have
been greatly respected and esteemed.
2 q
2Q8
zAnnals of the- Barber-Surgeons.
ist June, 1790. William Wood elected Clerk vice Marye.
Mr. Wood presented the Company with a handsome Silver
Tea Urn.
13th August, 1795. Edward Grose Smith (Mr. Wood's partner)
elected Clerk vice Wood, resigned.
5th March, 1822. Henley Smith (son of E. G. Smith) elected
Clerk vice Smith, resigned.
5th February, 1861. Mr. Henley Smith resigned and was
elected an Assistant (Master in 1864).
7th May, 1 86 1. Henley Grose Smith (son of Henley Smith)
elected Clerk vice Smith, resigned. Mr. Henley Grose Smith was
elected an Assistant 1877.
THE BEADLE.
HERE is no certainty as to the first institution of
this office, though it is probably not so old as
that of the Clerk, who in ancient times, summoned
the Livery, collected the quarterage and performed
various duties which we afterwards find assigned to
the Beadle, and we may conclude that in those days
he was little more than a Caretaker or "Porter"; indeed, this is the
more likely as the latter designation is frequently applied to the Under
Beadle in the Records.
As the business and numbers of the Company increased,
several minor functions of the Clerk were delegated to the Porter
or Beadle, who had distinctive duties assigned to him varying with
the age in which he lived ; among these may be enumerated, sweeping
the garden, collecting quarterage, cleaning the Hall, whipping naughty
apprentices, summoning freemen, etc., bringing home dead bodies
from Tyburn, keeping lists of journeymen, pressing Surgeons and
Barbers for sea service, assisting the Masters on search days,
hunting up and laying informations against non freemen practising
2 Q 2
J[
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Barbery and Surgery, marshalling and heading processions, both
at the Hall and in the City pageants, guarding the Parlour
door, and other offices too numerous to particularise, though
there were but few of them which did not yield a fee, and
indeed our Beadle could hardly have lived without fees, for
his official salary in Edward VI's time was but £\ per annum,
which, notwithstanding the greater value of money then, could
scarcely be considered a fat living.
With one exception, the office has been (and properly so) held
by freemen, and in the appointment of the Court. In 1626, however,
the Lord Keeper sent a letter "recommending" (i.e., commanding)
the Company to elect one Gorton, a servant of his, to the place,
and Gorton was accordingly chosen. The interference of the
King and his great officers in the patronage and appointments
vested in the City guilds was carried to great lengths with some
of the Companies, and there are amusing accounts extant of the
astuteness with which this meddling was sometimes met (vide
Herbert's Livery Companies). Our Company, with the solitary
exception above referred to, appears to have been happily free from
this species of intervention.
Early in the 17th century there were two Beadles of the
Clothing, the Under Beadle being often styled the Porter, but
about the middle of the iSth century, and since then, one
Beadle has sufficed.
The Beadle has always had his " house " at the Hall,
and used formerly to pay a small quit rent for it. On the
dismission of a Beadle for misconduct, a difficulty was some-
times experienced in regaining possession of this house, and
oA 'finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 301
various shifts were resorted to ; even the Beadles' Widows now
and then refused to turn out, and the "benevolences" meted
out to them were possibly sometimes in the nature of bribes
to induce them to go.
Besides the Beadles of the Clothing, there was a Beadle of the
Yeomanry, whose duties were analogous to those of his more exalted
brethren, and into whose office he frequently stepped when there was a
vacancy.
The Beadles for many years had a most disagreeable duty to
perform, namely, the procuring and bringing home from Tyburn the
dead bodies of malefactors. By the Act 32 Hen. VIII, the Company
were empowered to have yearly the bodies of four executed felons for
"anatomies," and the practice was for the Beadles to attend at the
gallows and select such bodies as they pleased. Their opponents were
generally the hangman, who himself trafficked in these uncanny goods,
the relatives of the criminal, and the populace who were incited by the
relatives to resist the Beadles. Many were the unseemly fights which
took place over these bodies, and oftentimes when the Beadles had
secured a "subject" and were driving off with it in a coach, they were
attacked and beaten, and the body rescued from them. The hangman
appears to have been entitled to the dead man's clothes, for on more
than one occasion the Company gave him compensation for them, they
having been torn to pieces in the brutal struggle for possession.
Moreover the Company had often to satisfy the Coachmen for
personal injuries and for damages to their coaches, as well as to give
special gratuities to their Beadles by way of solatium for the beatings
which they underwent. Frequent prosecutions and convictions followed
the interference with the Company's Officers at these times, and even
the Sheriff's Officers were on one occasion dismissed by the City for
having sided against the Beadles.
)Q2
eAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The hangman came to the Hall regularly for his Christmas
Box and gave a receipt for the same, sometimes affixing the title
"Executioner" after his
signature. Many curious
particulars relating to the
above will be found else-
where. ( Vide Wardens'
Accounts, Surgery, etc.)
The Beadle is elected
annually by the Court,
and resides at the Hall.
The two Silver maces per-
taining to his office are as
handsome and massive as
any in the City and are
always carried before the
Master on Court days.
14th May, 1530. The
earliest reference to the
Beadle in our Records is to
be found in the Ordinances
signed by Sir Thomas
More, where it is directed
that the Members shall take their seniority "according to the trew
entrance therof in the BedyllC Rolle."
6th November, 1550. Richard Wilson was Beadle at this time.
6th July, 1552. Thomas Appulton, Beadle, vice Wilson
deceased.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 303
19th September, 1552. It was agreed that Appulton "shall
have his messe of meate on the feaste dayes."
4th May, 1574. Here was the Wardens of the yeomanry and brought
Anthony Hall in to the Courte to be admytted Beadle of the yeomanrye and he was
swome and admytted and fathe(r) Roger(s) put to his pencon and to geve attendaunce
but as he is able.
22nd July, 1577. Richard Rogers, the old Beadle of the
Yeomanry, was ordered a gift of 20s. and a yearly pension of 20s.
23rd July, 1582. Robert Norton, Yeomanry Beadle, was
authorised to take 2d. of every freeman on his admission, and his
yearly salary of Sjt. was raised to 265. 8d.
14th August, 1587. Robert Norton was Livery Beadle.
10th December, 1596. James Hewes (Hughes) was Livery
Beadle.
1 6th June, 1597. John Smith, Livery Beadle.
15th August, 1603. Edward Evans, Livery Beadle.
15th August, 1603. Kellam Clifton appointed Porter or Under
Beadle.
2 1st July, 1608. Edward Blayny, Beadle, was dismissed for
behaving himself "very dishonestly."
14th August, 161 7. Kellam Clifton elected Beadle and Edward
Bresson, Porter.
2nd December, 161 7. Clifton was suspended for misbehaviour,
but subsequently reinstated.
9th July, 1618. William Chapman elected Porter.
304 o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
19th February, 1621. Clifton, again misbehaving himself, was
dismissed.
14th June, 1621. Humphry Mum ford elected Beadle.
3rd July, 162 1. Chapman, the Porter, dismissed for using "lewd
speeches," but on his humble submission and craving pardon on his
knees, he was reinstated, 10th July, 162 1.
20th August, 1 62 1. The Company could not get Clifton out of
his house, so they gave him 20^. and a pension of 405. per annum
during good behaviour and the pleasure of the Court. Possibly the
"pleasure of the Court" did not extend beyond one year.
15th February, 1626. Edward Gorton (recommended by the
Lord Keeper) elected Beadle in place of Mumford.
10th July, 1628. This daye this Court takeing notice of an order made the 3
of Julye, 162 1, by wch order Chapman our Porter for his dissolute and deboist carriage
was ipo facto then by that order dismissed of his said place and likewise of an order
made in the beginning of oure Mrs tyme for the dismissing of the said Chapman for his
misbehavior and upon the generall complaint made unto this Court against the said
Chapman for the most parte being drunck misbehaveing himselfe towardf the Mrs and
carrieing himselfe soe basely & quarrelsome to the brethren of this Companie and
neglecting his duety to this house. It is thereupon ordered that he shall stand dismissed
from his said place unlesse at the next Court of Assistant^ it doe appeare that he hath
left his former carriage of being often drunck & deboistnes.
3rd February, 1634. Gorton requested to be discharged of his
office of Beadle in respect of his age and feebleness, and Nathaniel
Foster was elected in his place.
25th January, 1637. Chapman, "Under Beadle," resigned, and
was assigned a pension of £4. per annum during pleasure.
c/lniials of the Barber-Surgeons. 305
25th January, 1637. Edmond Johnson "who writeth very-
well" was elected Under Beadle.
6th March, 1639. Foster, for his " sawcey carriage unto this
Companie " and general neglect of duty, was dismissed.
1659. Francis Johnson was Beadle with a salary of ,£10, and
Peter Smith, Porter, with a salary of £%.
1662. Peter Smith was Beadle, and Thomas Veere, Porter.
23rd June, 1692. Ordered that William Cave be admitted to
assist Peter Smith and Jonas Wills the Beadles.
19th July, 1694. Peter Smith was dead; he had been a very
zealous servant of the Company. On the first floor landing at the
Hall is a pretty piece of heraldic glass in the window with his name
and the date 167 1. Jonas Wills elected Beadle.
1 6th August, 1694. William Cave elected Beadle vice Wills
deceased.
8th July, 1708. William Cave and Thomas Repton were
Beadles.
6th July, 1 7 10. Repton's widow had £3 given her to bury
her late husband.
20th February, 171 1. Mr. Gratian Bale (son of Nathan Bale,
Citizen and Grocer) who was apprenticed 22nd June, 1669 to Robert
Andrewes (Surgeon), and afterwards became an Examiner in Surgery,
and Master in 1 709, petitioned the Court to be relieved of the office
of an Assistant on the ground that he had fallen into decayed
circumstances and could not possibly support that dignity, and on
2 R
)ob oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
his resignation being accepted, the Court proceeded to the election
of a Beadle in the room of Thomas Repton deceased, whereupon
Mr. Bale was elected —
And in regard that the sd Mr Bale had been Mar of This Company This Court
doth hereby give him leave (asking the consent of the Governors for the time being) to
depute some other person to walke before the Company in his stead with the Beadles
staffe & gowne upon the Lord Mayors & Eleccon days.
1 8th May, 17 14. Mr. Bale having become too infirm to execute
his office, the Court, in consideration of his past services, appointed
William Hardy, Barber, his assistant, at a salary of ,£10 per annum.
31st July, 1 7 1 6. William Cave died of a "high fever."
1 6th August, 1 716. William Watkins and William Hardy
elected Beadles, on condition of paying Mr. Bale ^10 per annum,
which the Court supplemented with another ^10.
10th July, 1 71 7. Richard Collins elected Beadle vice Hardy,
deceased.
18th August, 1720. It was ordered that in future no man
could be qualified to be put in nomination for the office of Beadle
if above 40 years of age —
in order that the business may from thenceforward be discharged and dispatched
with prop'' vigour and dexterity and to the honour and profitt of the Company.
13th April, 1721. Watkins being so indisposed as not to be
able to perform his duties, Charles Window (who looked after the
dead bodies at Tyburn) was ordered to officiate for him. Watkins
shortly after lost his speech and got into Ludgate prison, where
he had a weekly allowance from the Company — he seems to have
remained in prison till his death, 3rd August, 1724.
oAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 307
7th October, 1722. Henry Gretton elected Beadle vice Watkins.
6th November, 1724. Matthew Morris elected Beadle vice
Collins, resigned.
30th October, 1732. William Littlebury elected Beadle vice
Morris, deceased.
5th June, 1764. John Wells elected Beadle vice Littlebury,
resigned on pension.
3rd April, 1787. William Smith elected Beadle vice Wells,
deceased.
4th March, 1788. Joseph Wells (son of John W'ells) elected
Beadle vice Smith, deceased.
6th February, 1798. Jacob Bonwick elected Beadle vice Wells,
deceased.
1 st March, 18 14. William Barnes elected Beadle vice Bonwick.
1 ith August, 1 83 1. Samuel Borrett elected Beadle vice Barnes
(who retired on a pension of ,£50 per annum).
1 ith August, 1864. John Heaps (Master in 1855) elected
Beadle vice Borrett (who retired on a pension of £50 per annum).
1st July, 1879. Edward Lawless elected Beadle vice Heaps
(who retired on a pension of ,£52 per annum).
2 k 2
SURGERY.
1 551. 24Teirtorcm&iun the xxviij"' daye of Aprill in the v"' yere of the reigne
of King Edwarde the sixte yt was condescended and agreed by Mr Bancke and Edward
Hewit before Mr Geen with his Wardeins That John Chambr shall performe his bargayne
w"' Willfh Drew for the healing of his mayde for the mony receyved of him aforehand
which is xiijs iiij'1' And further yt is agreed that james Wood shall repay to the said
Drewe the mony receyved of him which is xiijs iiijd* Also the sayd John Chambr shall
agre w"' the sayd James Wood for his labor and content him for his payne according
to conscience.
19th September, 1552. Alsoo it ys ordered and agreed that the servnts of
Straungers that occupye Surgery shall paye x'1 the quarter wch is iijs iiijd by yere.
5th March, 1555. Among the Articles ordained on this day are
the following : —
That there shalbe chosein viij examyners wherof iiij to be alwayes present to
examyn all such as experte in Surgery, the M' and governors being present Wherupon the
sayed examyners may sett their hands w"1 the consent of the Mr and gov°nors hearing the
mater. And that the sayed examyners shall not examyn nor geve Lres of lycence
but that the Mr and govViors shalbe prevy therof. And that there maye be a booke made
wherine every mans name that have Lycence to occupye Surgery being approved,
to be enrolled and what ys the grace that ys to him or them appointed. And if they
take upon them to doo otherwise than there grace ys geven them, the blame to redowne
to him or them that so doo and not to the examyners nor to the m* and gov'nors,
and that there maye be alwayes at every courte day twoo at the leaste of the sayed
examyners during a moneth : and so afterward monethelye two of them to be there
whose chaunce the monethe shall fall too yf there besynes be not the greater because the
vAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. joy
m' and gov'nors shoulde not be to seke if anye bodye shoulde be examyned there. And
for defaulte of noen being there having no reasonnable excuse, to lose to the hall ijs if he
doo not send worde or cofne himself being in the Cytie of London, or desyen a nother
examyner to be there for him when his course ys at every Courte daye because we shoulde
not be w'out them who can answer the matter towching Surgery.
That they whiche be appointed for the Anathomye for the yere next following and
must sarve the Docter and be about the bodye he shall se and provyde that there be
every yere, a matte about the harthe in the hall that Mr Docter made not to take colde
upon his feate, nor other gentelmen that do come and marke the Anathomye to learne
knowledge And further that there be ij fyne white rodds appointed for the Docter to
touche the body where it shall please him and a waxe candell to loke into the bodye
and that there be alwayes for the Docter two aprons to be from the sholder downewarde
and two peyr of Sleaves for his hole arme w' tapes for chaunge for the sayed doctor
and not to occupye one Aporne and one payer of Sieves every daye wch ys unseamly.
And the Mrs of the Anathomye y' be about the bodye to have lyke aprons and sieves every
daye bothe white and cleane. Yf y' the Mr of the Anathomye y' be about the Docter doo
not see theise things ordered and that their knyves probes and other instruments be
fayer and cleane accordinglye wth Aprons and sieves, if they doo lacke any of the said
things afore rehersed he shall forfayte for a fyne to the hall xls-
22nd July, 1556. It was ordained among other articles—
An Article that
ev'ye Barbor That from the feaste of Saint Michaell tharchaungell next comynge no
occun'ine barbor Surgeon that dothe occupye the mystery of Surgery in the Clothinge
Surgery shah or out 0f the Clothing shall take or have any prentys but that he can
take no man' ^
of prentice but skyll of the Laten tonge and understand the same and can wryte and
suche as hathe rea(je suffycientlye and yf they or any of them doo take any that can
some know- j j j j j j
ledge in the not doo the same they that offende shall paye to the hall for a ffyne xls'
Latten tonge.
An Article that
all premizes Tnat prentisses that shalbe made ffree after michelmas next comynge
that here after r
shalbe made that doo occupy the mystery of Surgery and all other men that doo
entendnIol° desyer to occupy the same and to be a brother w"' us, to be examyned
occupye and to passe according to the order of this house as a prefermet of a
Surgery shalbe ,
examyned and grace to him geven as the order hereafter followeth as he shalbe
ffirFteprefcr- demaunded and apposoe.
met of grace.
}io ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
An Article That after michelmas next comyng all p'ntyces when they are made ffree
howe the
sayedprentizes must (be) demaunded by the M' and gov'nors and the iiij examyners what
shalbe ne nitendeth to doo after he is made free, whether he will occupye the
examyned.
mystery of Surgery or no w'in the Cytie of London. Yf he saye ye Then
to be examyned what he can doo towards yt, howe he knoweth what ys Surgery and also
what an Anatomye ys and howe manye perts it ys, of what the iiij0' Elements and the
xij signes be wch ys the fyrste pert of examynacon for a prentyce & for other that wilbe
brother with us as the examyners shall see cause, for having of their preferment of their
first grace to them to be geven.
An Article That when he hathe aunswered to the firste article preyving that he hathe
that upon his
examy on of some Learninge or practyse Then to have his firste preferment of grace to
sSd^Drentis occupye Surgery by the space of so many yeres or tyme as the Mr and
shall have his gov°nors and the examyners shall thinke meete, and as his Industrye shall
preferme't of , , , , , , . ..... ,, , .
grace and if seme to receyve the grace of god and by his dilhgent travell to studye in
he or they can tne same anc[ for an homage thereof if he be learned or can wryte to bringe
reade to bring ° '
in qr'terly an in an Epistell ev°y half yere and to reade it himselfe openly at the day of
Lecture before the hole house that they may see his furtheraunce how he
hathe profyted in his dilligen't Labor and studye, and the unlearned that can not wryte
nor reade to be examyned half yerelye what they can doo in the practyse because they
be unlettered by the mr and govr;nors and the Examyners how they have taken payens in
their studye to practyse because they be unlettered for the Savegarde of the kg and
queenes mat5 people.
An Article
desvrinefcT Tha.* any man occupyinge the mystery of Surgery being made free and
havejiis pre- desiereth to have his firste preferment of grace shall paye to the Clercke
fermet of grace
shall paye to of the Companye for the wrytinge Inrolling fynding waxe to seale it and
the Clarcke f t, navjng of the geale vjjjd.
toryewryting ° J
therof viij1'-
An Article That no man of the Companye after the feaste of Saint Michell Tharchaungell
that no man _,
occup'ing next comyng shall call for the Busshopes seale which ys the confyrmacon
Surgery shall Qf a gurgeon untill suche tyme as he hathe passed his fyrste preferment of
Busshopes grace & the Seconde admyssion to lie admitted to be a Surgeon and a
be admitted a Maister of Anathomye, and to paye for the having of the Seconde
iM' i?f m^T admyssyon a spone of an ounce of Silver and his name to be wrytten upon
gov'nors & the it to the hall, and the Clercke of the Company for the wryting and findinge
mjExamyners. waxe an(j enronmg 0f vt m the boke viij<L and if the p°son doo not this
passe orderly he to paye for a ffyne to the hall xl5.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
J
"pjfio ovbev of the ffyrste preferment of grace of the admissyon of
practycyoners that have been prentizes and be made ffree what
they shall have fyrste towards their preferment.
The order of ^iforasmocfje as yt is expedyent that no man occupye the worthye Scyence
prefermet of of Surgerye but suche as shalbe thoughte apte and industr0 to execute the
grace of same truelye and accordinglye as well for the comodytie and proffyt of the
practicions ' ° ' j <r j
and prentices, comen welthe as also for the avoyding of the Inconveniences and Slaunder
that otherwise mighte happen by the rasshenes. and unconning of suche lewde persons
as taketh upon them to exercyse Surgery being neither expert nor of us admytted to the
same. And forasmoche as it is not possyble that any shall attayne to the same w'out
instructions firste learned of conninge and well exercysed men of that facultie : being
broughte up therin as a practycyoner or otherwise under some well scylled Mr for certayne
yeres : in whiche tyme he mighte applye his mynde to learne perfectly the rules and
speculatyve pert therof. The maister and gov°nors of the Barbors and Surgeons of
London w* the foure Examyners and the rest of the hole assistaunce have thoughte it
good after suche tyme and terme of yeres expired every suche prentis or otherwise
Servaunt being made fire of the sayed Companye and ffellowship shall also have a tyme
appointed by us and the reste of the Companye to practise and to put in use suche
knowledge as he hathe that we in tyme afterwarde havinge intelligence of his connynge
and well dooyngs may constitute him a maister of Surgery if his deserving so requier.
Wherfore we the sayed Maisters and governors and the iiij"r examyners w"1 the rest of
the hole assistaunce here at this instante doo admitt A. B. as a practycyoner : who hath
served as a prentis with R. G. maister aucthorisshed of this Company the space of
yeares and now being a freeman of this Companye to practise Surgery in all plac°s
according to his knowledge for the space of yeares as a tryall and a proofe of his
knowledge may be had. In Witnesse wherof of the premisses we have caused this Lre to
be sealed w' our seale of our hall touching the firste admissyon of his fyrste prefermet of
grace the xxiiij"1 day of Julye Anno dni 1556.
"jEBe (Sr&er of the firste prefermet of their grace that be Lay bretherne
that occupye the Scyence of Surgery wth us and also for them that
be not a brother w"' us and dothe desyre to be (of) us for their
fyrste admissyon of practycyoners.
The order of ■< gjforctsmocfje as yt is moste expedyent that no man
prefermet of occupie," etc., etc. This licence is similar to the last one
grace for Laye *
Bretherne. excepting that it provides that the person admitted being
312 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
made a brother, though no free man, should have a time given to
him in which to practise the art of Surgery on approval.
'{SBe (5>r6er of the Admissyon of Maisters of Surgery and of the
Anatamye to be confyrmed for ever before they have the Seale of
the Busshop wdl maketh up the hole confyrmacon of a master
of Surgery & of Anathomye.
The order of "giUe Thomas Knot Mr Thomas Gayle John Smythe and Thorn's ffishe
of a Mr of Governors Thomas Vycary George Hollande George Geen and Richard
Surgerye. fferes M's and examyners of the Company of Barbours and Surgeons
of London w"1 the rest of the whole assistaunce of the same Companye To all men to
whorne this wryting shall come greting. ^§Se certifye youe by this Lre that whereas
or welbeloved in Christe T. A. ys not onely a man of honest fame and good behaveor but
is also expert connynge and well exercysed in the arte of Surgery as his well defycell'
cures and prosperous successe wch can not be dooen w'out maturate judgement and
Learninge dothe make thereof moste certayne trueth and be assure witnes. ffurther more
we are assured by the experyence we have of the man that he is not onely substancyally
well exercysed in the curing of infyrmities belonging to Surgery of the pts of mans bodye
comonly called the Anathomye : Wherfore we aswell in the behalf equyte reason
and conscyence as also for the prefennet of Learning knowledge and experyence doo
thinke yt meete convenyent and reasonnable to constitute the same T. A. bothe A Maister
of Surgery and also of the Anathomye and willeth him so to be taken for ever hereafter
and to have auctorytie to exercyse & occupye as well the one as the other wheresoever
he shall come w'in this Realme or ellswhere of the premisses §n Witnes wherof we
have caused this Lre to be sealed w" the great comon seale of our Hall the xxiijth daye
of July A0 dni 1556.
27th August, 1557. The same daye It Wase ffurder ordered and agreed that all
men of the saide Companye and fellowshypp usinge the mystere and crafte of Surgerye
maye take unto hys or yr Apprentice anye person or persons althoweth2 he or they be
not lerned in the Latin Tonge, anye Acte here to fore made to the contrarye not with
standinge.
The same day it was ordered that the two Masters of Anatomy
should have the keys and custody of the " Lyberary and of the
t ' Difficult. '-' Although.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 313
Instrments" therein, and that the Wardens of the Yeomanry were to
keep the Instruments clean.
Attendance by the members on the Surgical side was compulsory
at the Anatomy lectures, and 27th August, 1557, is an order of Court
that Robert Mudsley (Master in 1572 and 1580) "hath lycence to be
absent from all lecture dayes w'''oute paymete any fyne for by cawse
he hath gyven over the exercysynge of the arte of Surgery and doth
occupy only a sylk shoppe and shave."
A little later on, William Cawsey had licence to be absent from
the lectures on payment of a yearly fine of 3^. ^d., and there are scores
of similar exemptions in the books.
1st March, 1558. Jasper the Cutter for the Stoane had Lycence by the M' and
gov'nors that he shall worcke and set forth his sygne and he payde for hys fyne xb and yf
that he do not go ov° in to his owne cuntrye before whytsontide nexte after folowyng he hath
promysed that he wylbe a brother of this howse but as yet he ys not admytted a brother.
25th October, 1558. There was before the Court one Leonardo
Rodergo —
Surgeon & deucheiiia whome p°sumptinglye & arogantly stood and bragged w1" a
letter to be in the name of Kyng Phillippe lycencing hym to occupye surgery w'in all ye
Kyngs & quenes domynions & when yt was seene yrto was nether seale nor the kyngs
hande, but a sorte of Spanyards hands & names whome he sayde afterwards yt one of
them was ye kyngs secretary & thother of his Councell.
Dr. J. J. Howard had in his collection the following document,
which, as he says, affords good evidence of the low condition of
Surgical practice in the metropolis at the accession of Elizabeth.
glijatn'tB by the grace of God Queen of England Fraunce and Irelonde
Defender of the faith etc. To all Mayours Sheriffs Baylliffs
Constables and all other our Offycers Mynisters and Subjects
thees our Lettres hearinge or seinge and to every of them greetinge.
^9c lett you wete that for certeyn consideracions us movinge we have by
theise presents auctorised and lycensed our Trustie and Wellbeloved Servaunte
^Borrms prxrctrn Sergeant of our Surgions and the Wardens of the Fellowshipp
2 s
314 o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of the said Surgions within our Cytie of London that now be or hereafter shalbe, that
they by themselfs or their assigne bearer hereof shal and may from hensforth take
and reteyne at our wages as well within the Cytie of London as elsewhere within any
other Cytie Towne Boroughe or other place within this our Realme as well franchised
and privileged as not franchised nor privileged suche and as many Surgions as they shall
thinke mete and able from time to time to doe unto us servyce in the scyence of Surgerie
at any season hereafter as well by sea as lande and further that the Sergeant and
Wardeyns aforesaide shal or maye take of suche as be not able to serve suche instruments
and other stuff of Surgerie as they shal thinke mete to sarve agreinge and payinge
therfor to all suche of whom any suche instruments or stuff shal be taken. "gilfjexfove
]l$e woll and comaunde you and evy of you that unto our saide Sergiant and the
Wardeyns aforesaid and their assigne bearer hereof in the due execucion of this our
aucthoritie and lycense ye be aydinge helpinge and assistinge as oft as the case shal
require without any your dcnyall lett or contradycion as ye and evy of you tender our
pleasure and woll avoide the contrary at your peril §n Witness whereof We have
caused theis our Lettres of Commissyon to be sealed with our Create Seale. Wytness
ourself at Westmynstre the day of December the seconde yere of our Reigne.
1st October, 1566, is an entry of the translation from the
Woodmongers' Company of William Slade, who was stated to be
"a Surgeon & learned yt w'h Ric. Venar & John Hall at Maydstone."
This John Hall was a famous Surgeon in his day and wrote " An
Historiall Expostulation Against the beastlye Abusers, bothe of
Chyrurgerie and Physyke," which has been reprinted with several
valuable notes by the Percy Society (Vol. XI) accompanied with
John Hall's portrait.
14th January, 1567. Mr Doctor Julyo made request y' he myghte have the
work of the anathomy these iiijor or fyve yeres so y' the coledge of the phicysions sholde
not put hym from us & also y' he myghte have pnvat anathomyes at his demaunde in
this howse.
16th January, 1567. It was agreed that Dr. Julius Borgarneins
("Dr. Julyo") should "make and worke owr anathomyes and
skellytons " for the space of five years.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 315
1 8th March, 1567. Thomas Wells, Merchant Taylor, com-
plained against Nicholas Wyborde for " not curynge his mans hed
y' he tooke in hande."
The following order for the erection of raised seats for the
members attending the Anatomy lectures, and for a screen to
temporarily hide the body, indicates the growing interest taken by
the Company in the furtherance of technical education ; and from
the reference to the skeleton, for which a case was directed to be
made, it is highly probable that this was the only specimen which
the Company in those days possessed !
1st February, 1568. Also yt ys ordayned and agreed by this Courte That there
shalbe buyldyngf don and made aboute the hall for Seates for the Companye that
cometh unto every publyque anathomy, ffor by cavvse that every p^sone comyng to se the
same maye have good p9spect over the same and that one sholde not cover the syght
thereof one frome another as here to fore the Company have much coplayned on the
same. And also foder more yt is agreed that the olde standyng wdl did s°ve for the
company of the clothing at coronacions or any noble pere his coiiiyng throughe the cytie
oute of any fforeyns Contrey or lande, for bycawse yt is broken and spoyled and olde
shall all be put to the makyng of the saide seates or for sparyng of the charge for
new Tymber. And also That whan yt shall happen any greate pere of any fforren Lande
upon tryumphe to come as aforsaid and the Company beynge then comanded to theyre
standyng for to receyve any noble man for the honor of the prince kynge or quene of this
Realme of England and the cytie of London, That then as now and now as then also the
Mr and gov'no'5 for the tyme beyng shall buylde & make a new Substanciall and Comly
fayer standyng To serve in lyke and ample maner. And also ther shalbe pyllers and
Rodf of Iron made to beare and drawe Courteynes upon & aboute the frame where w"'in
the Anathomy doth lye and is wrought upon, for bycawse that no p°sone or p°sones
shall beholde the desections or incysyngf of the body, but that all maye be made cleane
and covered wth fayer clothes untyll the Docter shall com and take his place to reade
and declare upon the partes desected. And also yet forder more also, That there shalbe
a case of weynscot made wth paynters worke yr upon as semely as maye be don ffor the
skellyton to stande in and that for the Worshyp of the Company — and all these to
be made wrought and don at the charges of the mistery and Covnon boxe of the hall.
2 S 2
316 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1 6th March, 1568. Here was Edward Park for y* he hath wretten upon his
Surgeons signe the skoller of S' Thomas of Wallingforde and the said Edward Parke
is comaunded by the aucthorytie of this worsshyphfull Courte That he the said Edward
Parke shall w"' all expedicion put oute of his said Signe the said wrytinge & to sett
his signe as other Surgeons do w'out any superscryption yt upon and not ells otherwyse as
he wyll answere to the contrarye.
13th July, 1568. In this Courte John ffrende is comytted to warde for a
pacient dyeing under his hands and not presented.
19th April, 1569. Here was the wyfe of Richard Selbye of London Ironmonger
playntyf agaynst William Wyse for that he cured not her housbonds leg as he promysed
he wolde have don, and yt is ordered that Wylliam Wyse shall repaye agayne of the
money wch he receyved in parte of the bargayne made be twene them and then was in the
p^sents of this Courte payde unto Agnes the wyf of the above said Richard Selby
vjs viijd and so William Wyse is clerely dyscharged of pacyent & all.
1570. This year it was deemed advisable to increase the
number of the Examiners in Surgery from five to seven, and these
were Mr. Serjeant Balthrop, Mr. Alexander Mason, Mr. Thomas
Baylie, Mr. Robert Mudesley, Mr. John Field, Mr. John Yates,
and Mr. William Bovie.
5th April, 1570. It was agreed that in consequence of the
great charges with which the Company was always burdened in time
of wars, in setting forth sufficient surgeons and their men with
unguents, balms, etc., as also common soldiers, that a petition should
be sent to the Queen for redress in the matter of providing soldiers.
nth April, 1570. Here was one playntyf agaynst W" Heton for
a bubo & W" Beton wyll heale hym yf he wylbe ruled by him.
28th April, 1570. In this Courte W" Gyllam is charged to cure Elizabeth
Hyns of carmebrontyasis & once a day Gyllam shall p°seve her untyll she be hole
and then she shall paye the said Gillam in the p°sents of this Courte in redy money vjs viij'1-
dAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 31 7
nth November, 1572. Here was one Steven Robinson to complaine againste
Edward Parke for arestinge hym for the curinge of hym for v yeres seence. ( Which
means that Parke had sued Robinson for a surgeoris bill five years old, without leave
of the Court.)
1 2th February, 1573. Here was John ffrend and was comaunded to lay downe
his fyne for not p°ntinge M' Watson of the Towre wdl dyed of Gangrena in his fote
and he pd xvs-
This non-presentation of patients in danger of death, was a
common offence, and Mr. Frend had been previously convicted of it
(13th July, 156S), on which occasion he was committed to prison.
31st March, 1573. Here was Edwarde Saunders warned because he wold not
paye the Anathomytf ther dutye and also that he had let one bloude at Blackwall and
that he dyed, his arme fallynge to Gangrena and made no p'sentacon therof also that
he w"'eld certeyne things of Whittingtons widdowe and he was willed to be here the
next Courte daye.
21st April, 1573. Here was one to complaine one' John Burges for not
delinge well w"' hym in his cure concernynge a sore arme and he is to be warned the
next court.
28th April, 1573. Here was John Burgis and witnessed that the said pacient
would not be ordered as was necessary and therefore he forsoke to deale w"' hym.
21st May, 1573. Here was John Deane and appoynted to brynge in his fyne x'1
for havinge an Anathomye in his howse contrary to an order in that behalf between this
and mydsomer next.
2 1 st July, 1573. " Here was one Robert Grottell a straunger
and cutter for the Stone, admitted a brother and paid iiij'1 " and bound
to pay the remainder of his fine for admission at the rate of 10s. per
quarter.
30th July, 1573. Here was one John Gardener a healer of the rupture and
Stone and was exatnyned and had his Lre of Admyttaunce and paid.
1 On, i.e., of.
?i8 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
15th September, 1573. Here was one Alexander Capes a carpenter and required
that he might have some helpe concernyng his griefs consyderinge that he had ben in
thands of John ffrend Williri Wise & Richard Storye and had geven them mony for to be
cured and was not, wherefor order was taken that they should deale further wlh him for his
health.
nth May, 1574. Here was James Marcadye and required to have Lycens of
absens one' Lecture dayes and it was graunted hym savinge that he muste pay for his
lycens \xA the quarter.
Surgeons were continually being called before the Court for
"evil dealing" with their patients, and for not performing cures for
which they had received the money beforehand. The Court generally
endeavoured to effect a friendly relationship between the parties,
though in cases which were considered as clearly proved against the
Surgeon, he was either fined or imprisoned, or else ordered to make
suitable compensation to the patient.
7th September, 1574. Here was John Griffen complayned uppon William
Pownsabe for gevinge him a powder wd' lossed all the teeth in his head, wch John Griffen
had the dissease \vch we call Demorbo gallico.
2nd February, 1575. Wm. Pownsabe was ordered to confess
his fault for his " unskilfull dealinges" with John Griffen and to pay him
$s. as compensation.
13th March, 1576. Here was a complainte determyned upon wch was made
against Tho: Hodes and for that he was provde ignorant he is bounde in xl1' never to
medle in any matter of S°gery.
3rd April, 1576. Here was a complainte against Willfn More by one Henry
Dobbyns for that he did not cure his sonne but made the same worse.
10th May, 1576. William More was ordered, on account of
his ignorance, to meddle no more in Surgery.
■ On.
cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. yg
2nd October, 1576. Here was likewyse a complaint by one Tho: Adams against
John P^adice' for that the saide John had receyved certen monie in hand and a gowne in
pawne for a remainder to cure the daughter of the saide Tho: whiche daughter died and
the pore man made request for the gowne agayne and so the Mr and governo'5 abovesaide
awarded that the saide Jo: P°adice sholde redeliv1 the gowne the next tuesdaie and that
the saide Tho: Adams sholde geve unto the saide Jo: P'adyce towardf his bote hier spent
in going to the made at Putney vs-
8th October, 1577. Here was a complainte made by one M's- Riche against
Robt. Bewsy for that he had her husbonde to cure who died and the said Bewsye said
and reported that she was an evell liver and that he died of a botch called Bubo veneria
and taken of her, wch he denied, but beinge proved she put the matter wholie to this
wo°shipfull howse who did award that he sholde in the p°sence of her nighbors who were
here present in the p°lor upon his knees aske her forgevenes, wdl he did and so the matter
was finally ended.
7th February, 1578. Here was a complainte against Willm Knightly for
Cuttinge of the yearde of his pacient but yt was p\ed by one Mr Grene that the member
was mortefied and so there was little to be saide against him.
24th February, 1578. Here was a Complaint against Willm Clowes- by Richard
Carrington for that the saide Willm Clowes as he saide had abused him in wordes in the
hall and here they did shake handes and were made frends, for that the said Clowes had
been sent to ward before by the saide Richard Carrington being one of the wardens of the
yeomanry.
1 8th March, 1578. At this Co°te Hewe Placket was rebuked for takeing upon
him to heale a pacient who ys deade and comaundement geven that he shall medle no
more in surgerie.
20th March, 1578. It was ordered : —
That yf any man of this misterie shall at any tyme hereafter make any booke or
bookes of Surgerie the same shall not be published utiles the same booke or bookes be
first presented unto the masters governors and examenors of this Companie for the tyme
beinge upon payne of x'1-
' Paradice. -An eminent Surgeon and Warden in 1594.
)2 o e/lnmils of the Barber-Surgeons.
The following order was doubtless directed against a prevalent
mania for relics of notorious criminals.
17th July, 1578. That no pr'son or p°sons of this Companie do presume at anie
tyme or tymes hereafter of Anathomies to take and carrie awaie or cause to be taken or
carried awaie any p°te of the skynn of anie bodie whiche shall at anie tyme hereafter
happen to be wrought upon w"'in the hall of the misterie and the same tann or cause to
be tanned like lether upon the payne of v1'-
7th December, 1581. It ys agreed that there shalbe a Bill put into the p°liament
house for easinge the Companie of the charge of sendinge souldiers to the wars and also
for suppressinge of lewd dealers in surgerye.
1 8th July, 1583. The Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen
having recommended that persons using Barbery should not practise
Surgery, the Master and Governors went to Guildhall, and there
promised the Court of Aldermen that they would compel all their free
Barbers to enter into bonds not to " medle or deale wth any sick of the
plauge or infected cum morbo gallico," and accordingly the Barbers
entered into bonds to that effect.
In Stow's Annales, ed. 1592, p. 1261, is the following remarkable
account of a " subject " coming to life again at our hall.
1587. The 20 of Februarie, a strange thing happened a man hanged for felonie
at Saint Thomas Wateringes, being begged by the Chirurgions of London, to have made
of him an Anatomie, after hee was dead to all mens thinking, cut downe, stripped of his
apparel], laide naked in a chest, throwne into a carre, and so brought from the place of
execution through the Borough of Southwarke over the bridge, and through the Citie of
London to the Chirurgions Hall nere unto Cripelgate : The chest being there opened, and
the weather extreeme cold hee was found to be alive, and lived till the three and twentie
of Februarie, and then died.
It was doubtless the above circumstance, to which reference is
made in the next minute ; it would seem that the body had been
begged by some surgeons and taken to the hall to be dissected there,
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 321
it being unlawful to dissect elsewhere, and that on the resuscitation of
the unhappy man, the Company had been put to some expenses where-
upon they made an order to provide for any similar case in the future.
This body would be what is often referred to in the Books as a
"private anatomy," in opposition to the four "public" bodies of felons
to which the Company were annually entitled.
13th July, 1587. T'tm yt ys agreed That yf any hodie wch shall at anie tyme
hereafter happen to be brought to or Hall for the intent to be wrought uppon by
Thanatomistes of or Companie shall revyve or come to lyfe agayne as of late hathe ben
seene The charges aboute the same bodie so revivinge shalbe borne levied and susteyned
by such p°son or pr'sons who shall so happen to bringe home the Bodie. And further
shall abide suche order or ffyne as this Howse shall Awarde.
7th December, 1598. This daye commaundm' cam from the lordes of her mats
most ho : privie councell for to presse a sufficient Surgeon for her ma" s°vice in Ireland
under the conduct of Captayne YVinsor.
1 2th December, 1598. John Cumberland was pressed for the
above service and delivered into his Captain's charge, and four or five
other Surgeons were also pressed and handed over nolens volens. One
of these, Dominick Lomeline (or Lumley, Master in 1629), is recorded
on the 16th January following as having "confessed voluntarelye before
the Masters that to be dischardged of his presse for Ireland it stud him
in Twenty Nobles of which the Captayne had in monye three poundes."
6th February, 1599. This daie one Richard Hallydaie marriner made his
complainte of Raphe Rowley for settinge forthe an insufficient man not approved to
serve as a surgeon at sea in the Sheepe called the Costely of London by whose unskyl-
fullnes hee was dismembred of his arme and is in greate dainger of liefe.
Ralph Rowley had been pressed for a Sea Surgeon, and this
complaint would be against him for the incompetency of some
substitute, whom he had no doubt paid to take his place.
~>22
c/Jmni/s of the Barber-Surgeons.
27th March, 1599. It is ordered that an Informaeon be exhibited againste the
Sexton of White Chappell for Surgerye.
6th August, 1599. This daie the Maister of the Company made his peticon to
the lorde Bishopp of London that noe person shoulde be admitted to practize Surgerie
but suche person as shoulde have the seale of this house to testefie his examination
before the Maisters &c. which was graunted And order sett downe for the same.
23rd October, 1599. Pascall Lane hath Thursdaie comme a moneth to be
examined and in the meane tyme not to hange out banners and not to cutt unles he
acquainte the m" therewithal!.
27th November, 1599. This daie Richard Cadwalder hath undertaken that
Roberte Thompson nowe shewed' in the Exchequer for useinge surgerie withoute a signe'
shall uppon his retorne be examined concerninge his skille in Surgerye and shall paie
suche chardges as shalbe due to this howse.
10th June, 1600. This daye Oliv0 Peacock brought in his fine for not
p°sentinge his Cure3 being nowe dead and it was mittigated to five shillinges And it is
farther ordered that he practize surgery no more.
3rd July, 1600. This daye Andrew Mathew Edward Peck Robert Steward
and Owine Jones free brothers of this mistery were at their sev°all instances examined
& approved concerninge their skill in the arte of Surgery and had their severall letters
of grace undr the seale of the sayd mistery by Richard Wood Willm Martin Thomas
Thorney & John Peck examiners appoynted in the p°sence of the Mrs of this Company.
8th July, 1600. This daye warrant came to the Mre for the p°singe4 of a
Surgeon for Captayne Thomas Minn bearinge date the sixth daye of this instant moneth.
15th July, 1600. This daye Raphe Barrett & Robert Thompson forren Surgeons5
made theyr request to the Mrs that they might be examyned on thursdaye next
Whereuppon it was ordered that the Examyners should be warned to be at the hall
at the sayd tyme.
29th July, 1600. This daye it is ordered that John Mowle shalbe warned to
be before the Mrs the next Court for usinge Surgery beinge but a barber.
1 Suerl. '-' Outside his house. 'i.e., His patient. ' Pressing.
' i.e., Surgeons not free of the Company.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 323
8th September, 1600. i§ciax>o die Septembris Anno diii 1600 Annoque Elizabeth
Quadragesimo secundo.
^Jifici'cas at a Courte holden the Maisters or Governors and Assistants of this
Companye the Nynteenth daie of Maye laste paste It was amongest other thinges
ordered condiscended and agreed by consente of a full courte of the said Assistance
That the request and mocon of ffrancis Rowdon Clarke to this Companye shoulde
be referred to the Consideracon of the Auditors of the Maisters Accompts And what
they shall doe in the premisses should be lawfull and effectuall to all intentes and
purposes 'gSee Thomas Byrd John Leycocke Lewis Atmer Robert Johnson Richard
Mapes Thomas Goodale Thomas Martyn and Joseph ffenton beinge chosen Auditors
for the Maisters accomptes for the yeare paste havinge taken due consideracon of the
premisses and findinge that the accomplisheinge of the said requeste maye muche
proffitt the bodye of this Companye in the banisheinge of lewde and unskylfull practiconers
in the arte of Surgerie poc therefore by the Aucthority to us geeven order in manner
and forme hereafter ensuinge viz' ffirste wee order that there be presentlie paide unto the
saide Clarke the somme of xx'1- of lawfull money of England out of the stocke of this
howse the same to be repaide to this howse by v" p'' Ann. Alsoe wee doe further order
that uppon payment of the said xx1' to the said Clarke aforesaid the said Clarke shall
termelie prosecute a competent number of the said practiconers in Surgerie and shall
not delaie any suite he shall undertake but shall prosecute the same with effecte unles
there be any misprison in the same And if there be any misprison then to acquainte the
Maisters for the tyme beinge with the same misprison. Alsoe wee doe order that the
said Clarke shall porsecute such p°sons as the Maisters of this Companye shall from
tyme to tyme geeve order for. Alsoe wee doe further order that the said Clarke shall not
compounde or agree with any he shall have to doe by waie of informacon before he
hath acquainted the Maisters therewithall and hath obtayned their consents thereunto
And whatsoever he shall receave uppon any Composition over and besides such Costes
and chardges as he shall expend in and aboute suche suite he shall well and trulye
contente and paie unto the said Maisters or Governors for the tyme beinge. Provided
alwaies that he ffirste acquainte the Maisters or Governors of this Company for the tyme
beinge therewith And deliver unto them a reasonable and true bill of his Costes and
Chardges disbursed as aforesaid And that he scale and deliver as his deed one wrytinge
obligatorie wherein he shall become bounden to the Maisters or Governors of this
Companye with Condicon theruppon indorced contayninge the Articles above specified
In Witnes whereof wee the said Auditors hereunto put or severall handes. Yoven the
daie and yeare ffirste above written.
2 T 2
J
124 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
2 2 nd October, 1600. Robert Swayne was this daye examined by Mr Thorney
Mr Willfii Martin Mr Wood & Mr Atmer and not founde sufficient but is nevertheles
tolerated to come to or Lectures & Annathomies And is to paye for the same xxs yerely by
5s quarterly till hee be founde more sufficient.
5th May, 1601. This daie a complainte was made againste Martyn Pelham by a
patient he had in cure of his arme for not fynisheinge the said cure wch cure was accom-
plished by Thomas Watson whereuppon it is ordered that the said Pelham be warned to
appeare uppon the next courte daye.
6th August, 1601. This daye Will'" Pilkinton uppon his examinacon was
tolerated to practize Surgery for five yeres next ensuinge Provided that hee paie quarterly
to this howse ijs vjd and that hee the said Pilkinton doe joyne w,h him in ev^y cure he shall
have in dang' of death or mayne some expert surgeon of this Company.
10th November, 1601. This daye John Russell of Canterbury Surgeon was
examined and was admitted & approved.
24th November, 1601. ^XtBerccts James Van Otten and Nycholas Bowlden are
this daye become humble suiters to this Company to be tollerated & p°mitted to practize
as Surgeons w,hin this Cytie of London for and durynge the space of Three moneths next
ensuinge onely for the couchinge of the catarack cuttinge for the rupture stone and
wenne It is uppon consideraccon of their sev'all suites ordered by consent of this Courte
That hee the said James Vanotten shalbe pr'mitted to practize for the couchinge of the
catarack cuttinge for the rupture stone and wenne for the space of three monethes next
ensuinge w"'out contradiccon or denyall of the Mrs or Governors of this Company And
that hee the said Nycholas Bowlden shalbe assistant unto the said James Vanotten in
such cures as hee shalbe as aforesaid possessed of duringe the tyme & space aforesaid.
Provided allwayes an^l it is nevertheles p°mised & undertaken by the said James &
Nycholas that hee the said Nycholas shall paye unto the Mrs or Governors of this
Company to the use of the poore of the same every moneth monethly duringe the said
space of three moneths the somme of ijs vj'1 And that the said James Vanotten shall
paye to the said M's or Governors to the use of the poore of the said Company for every
moneth monethly of the said three monethes in wch the said James shall practize or
continue in London or the libertyes suburbes or one myle compase of the said Cyty after
the fower & twentyth daye of decemb' next ensuinge xx^ of lawful money of England.
And provided that neyth' they nor eythr of them shall p°sume to hange oute any banners
or signe of Surgery in any place othr then where they shall lye and make theyre abode
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 325
\v"'in the tyme aforesaid or practize in any othr poynte of Surgery then before is speCd
w"'out furth' lycence of the Mrs or Governors of this Company for the tyme beinge first
had & obteyned. ffor p'formance whereof they the said James & Nycholas by bond
are become bounden to M1 Warden ffrederick in the somme of x1' of lawful money of
England. In Witnes whereof they have hereunto put their sev°all names. Yoven the
daye & yere above wrytten
Jacobus van Otten
Nicholas Boden.
2nd March, 1602. Havard is to paye to Nicholas Kellawaye vs- the nexte
Courte daye for a launset w"' silver scales wch he borrowed of the said Nicholas
Kellawaye.
20th April, 1602. This daye one Kdward Stutfeyld a practiconer in bone
settinge appeared before the Mrs of this Company uppon warninge to him geven by
the beadell of this Company And at his humble suite he was lycenced to practize in
bone settinge onely Provided hee paye to the Mrs of this Company to the use of the poore
of the same Xs for every quarter of yere that hee shall practize as aforesaid.
20th April, 1602. This daye one John fibster a poore and unskylfull man of
this Company made his appearance before the Mrs of this Company and was examined
concerninge his skyll in the arte of Surgery and was found altogeth' unskilfull in all the
partes therefore Whereuppon it is ordered that M* Wilbraham Coroner to this Cytie be
warned to be here w"1 the Coroners Inquest on Thursdaye next by tenne of the clock in
the forenoone to be satisfied by their owne hereinge of the unskilfullness of the said ffoster.
22nd June, 1602. This daye Garrett Key a Strang' appeared before the Mrs of
this Company and in respect hee hath undertaken the cure of his patient one ffeake a
Gowldesmythe beinge in danger of death w"'out makinge p°sentacon thereof to the Mre of
this Company Did voluntaryly geve to the said Mre to the use of the poore of the
same Company iij'1 And thereuppon they have acquited him all former offences done
to this Company.
nth October, 1602. This daye Gabriell Hunt Practiconer in Surgery was
Committed to the Compter for practizeinge of Surgery beinge not approved nor admitted
accordinge to the Statute.
3rd April, 1604. Under this date is an award made by the
Court in an action remitted to the Masters by the Lord Mayor, wherein
326 erf minis of the Barber-Surgeons.
Walter Barton Barber-Surgeon, was plaintiff, and Thomas Sheeres
Imbroiderer, Defendant. It appeared that Barton had cured Sheeres
and his servant, Eustace Skelton, and had been at great charges in
prosecuting Sheeres for his fees. The Court ordered the Defendant
to pay Barton £4. within 14 days.
5th June, 1604. This daye Mr ffenton p'sented to this Courte 500 bookes of
Horatius Morus tables translated into Englishe and deliv'ed them to the Mrs of this
Company in the name & behalf of Mr Deputie Caldwell' who freely gave them to this
Company to be distributed amongest the p°fessors of Chirurgery freemen of this Company.
28th February, 1605. This daye it is ordered that there shalbe a letter p'ntly
drawne by the advice of the M" of this Company and sent to the Colledge of Phisicons
by the Clark of this Company wherein there shalbe desyred if they please a Conferrence
betwixt some of theire College and some of the auncientf of this Company in some
indifferent place of meetinge to conferre concerninge theire greevancf.
1 8th March, 1605. This daye uppon the request of M' Serjeant Prymerose &
Mr Neste Smyth the kynges Surgeons by their Letter It was ordered that Cezar Scultinge
Duchman theyre servant should be examyned and approved concerninge his skill in
Surgery on thursdaye next And beinge found skilfull that hee mighte have letters of
admittance from this Company gratis.
21st March, 1605. " Zeger Schultynchs," the Dutchman above
mentioned, was examined and had his diploma gratis, but was ordered
to pay 2s. quarterage and 2s. for absence from lectures.
30th April, 1605. This daye Mr ffenton complayned of Robert Morrey for
supplantinge him of divs cures And for slanderinge him in his pTession And also for
his evell practize And was for his said abuses fyned at v1' wth hee is to bringe in at the
next Court orels to be committed to the Compter.
7th May, 1605. Morrey being contumacious, was by the Court
committed to prison.
1 For a very interesting account of Morus' Tables and of Mr. Deputy Caldwell see Mr. D'Arcy Power's
Memorials, p. 1S4.
c/Jima/s of the Barber-Surgeons. 327
28th May, 1605. This daye WilliYi Corbet appeared before the Mrs of this
Company and was dismissed from the exercyze of Surgery for his evill practize.
This daye Willm Corbet was bounde to the Mrs in x1' not to practize Surgery or
\v"'in one myles compasse w"'out the IVP lycence.
25th June, 1605. This daye Abraham Renex is fined at xs for his absens from
lectures And is to pay xF p° an. for his lycence of absens hereaff'
3rd September, 1605. This day Pascall Lane a practicioner in the art of
Surgery was by our Mrs order comittcd to the Compter for cuttinge of one Thorns
Thorntons child for the stone who dyed pn'tlie under his handf by his neckligence &
ignoraunce where he is to continue till he hath payed the fine of xlb for not makeinge
p°ntacon' to the Mrs of the cure accordinge to the orders of the Company.
1 2th September, 1605. In the controv'sie betwixt Thomas Thornton and
Pascall Lane als~ Lyne It is ordered by consent of both pities That the said Pascall Lane
shall p^ntlie pay to the said Thornton xxs which he p^ntlie did And he hath deliv'ed a
ring to or Mrs w"' condicon to pay to the said Thornton xxs more this night And all
controv°sies betwixt them are to cease and determine from henceforth.
26th November, 1605. This day Henry Goodwyn a Sorcerer was by the Mrs
forbidden to practize any more in the arte of Surgery.
1st July, 1606. This day Stephen Abraham a Barbor was fined for not makeing
p°sentacon of his cure in daunger of death and it was forgeven him.
14th July, 1606. The funds of the Company were, at this period,
very low, Mr. Pecke offering to lend ,£50 and Mr. Fenton ^100,
v/ithout interest, and the following entry would indicate that the
expenses attendant upon the Anatomy demonstrations were a burden.
This day for the avoydinge of charges it is ordered by this Courte that no
publique Anothomy shalbe holden in the Comon hall of this mistery for the space of
theis three yeares now next ensuinge. Yett notw"'standinge it is ordered by this Courte
y' the Mrs & Stewardf of the Anothomy for the yeare next ensuinge shall continue Mre
& Stewardf the said space And shall once in ev'ie yeare at such tymes as the Mrs of
this Company shall thinck fitt dissect a private Anothomy in the Comon hall of the
said mistery for their better experience and cunninge.
' Presentation. - Alias.
J
j 28 cAnnate of the Barber-Surgeons.
14th July, 1606. TlCso it is further ordered & decreed by this Courte fforasmuch
as dive" p°sons ffremen of this Company who have very litle or no skill at all in the
Arte of Surgery doe neverthelesse make a publique p°fession of the said Arte And
thereby comitt many errore to the great dispa°gm' of the worthie and experienced professo"
thereof and to the hurte of div's of his Ma'f lovinge subjectf That from henceforth
no man be admitted to have his name entered downe for a Surgeon into the lecture
bill except by the consent of the mrs or governours of the said mistery & Coililtie for
the tyme beinge And that it shalbe lawful for the p°nte IVPor governours to dismisse out
of the lecture bill the names of such p°sones as they shall thincke fitt to be put out, which
p^sons so dismissed and put out shall live out of the protexion of this Company for & in
respect of their practize in the Arte of Surgery untill they shall by them be thought fitt
to practice in that Arte & admitted into such bill uppon their humble suite. But if any
disobedient obstinate or stubborne p°son shall notw"\standinge his such dismission practice
in the said arte Then it is further ordred by this Courte that suite in law shalbe
p''secuted against such obstinate p°sons at the charge of this Company for such their
unlawful! practice in Surgery.
7th October, 1606. This daie Wilh'ri ffoster was fyned at xxs for his evell
practize upon his patient being a servaunt of my Lord grace of Cant, and is to bring
in the same fyne at the next Court.
This daie it is ordered that Richard Holden be warned to the next Court
for not reeding his lecture.
24th October, 1606. This daie Clement White appeared before this Court
upon Complaynt for settinge his servaunte to sea before he was examyned & his chest
vewed by the Mrs And for that he knew not the orders of this Company he is forgyven
his offence for this tyme.
2nd December, 1606. This daie John Anslow was comitted to the Compter
for defraudinge of Willm ffoster of his patient And is to pay ffoster for his paynes
in that cure.
9th July, 1607. This daye Roger Jenkins' heretofore examined & app°ved
in the Arte of Surgery was p^sented before the Deane of Pawles. And his letters
of Admittance from the said Deane.
Also Abraham Allen* was lykewyse admitted by the said Deane.
1 Warden in 1608. - Warden in 161 1.
a/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 120
20th July, 1607. Mr. Thomas Thorney (Master 1602), Mr.
Richard Mapes (M. 1612), Mr. Richard Wood (M. 1591), Mr. Serjeant
Gudderus (M. 1594), Mr. Wiliili Gayle (M. 1595), Mr. George Baker
(M. 1597 and Serjeant Surgeon), Mr. John Peck (M. 1605), Mr.
Christopher Frederick (M. 1609 and Serjeant Surgeon), Mr. John
Gerrard (the celebrated Herbalist, M. 1607), and Mr. Joseph Fenton
(M. 1624), were appointed Examiners of Surgeons, and amongst other
articles it was ordained : —
That none of the said examiners shall p°sent any p°son useinge surgery to the
Bishop of London or to the Deane of Pawles to the intent to get or p°cure such Surgeon
Lycence or admission to practize Surgery unlesse such Surgeon at such tyme shall have
his letter of admittance from this Company under the Common seale of the same
testifieinge his admission to practize surgery.
7th July, 1 60S. This daye Mathias Jenkinson was examyned concerninge his
skyll in the arte of Surgery And was lycenced to cut for the hernia or Rupture to
couch the Catrac to cut for the wry neck & the hare lip Provided that hee call the
p^sent M" of this Company to every such Cure or such of the Assistant^ as are examined
& approved as the said Mre in such case shall appoynt And is to enter into bond in xlH
for p°formance hereof And paid to the p°sent Mrs xls And is to paye xls more at
midsomer next.
20th June, 1609. This daye Mathias Jenkinson is dischardged from his practize
in Surgery for that hee hath not observed the articles of his Tolleracon and for his evell
& unskilfull practize.
27th February, 1610. Whereas one William Wright was a suiter to this Courte
that he might be examined & admitted to practice Surgery. Now forasmuch as it
appeareth he is one of a contentious & troublesome speritt & of a bad & scandalous
disposition who hath not onlie heretofore divers tymes byn fined for usinge slanderous &
evill speeches against divers that have byn Mrs & governours of this Company but also
sundrie tymes heretofore & now daylie useth slaunderous wordf & speeches w"1 many
wicked cursingf & revilingf against Mr Mapes in the hearinge of dive's of the neighbour
of the said Wright where he dwelleth, which beinge by this Court dulie examined is found
that the same slaunde" & revilingf doe proceed out of his wicked mynd w"'out any just
cause given Wherefore it is by this Courte ordered and fullie decreed That the said
2 U
? jo c/Jnmils of the Barber-Surgeons.
Wright shall not at any tyme hereafter be examined or approved for his skill of Surgerie
untill he shall & doe before 4 or 5 of the neighbou" of the said Wrighte to whom he hath
thus abused Mr Mapes and in his & their presence openlie confesse & acknowledge that
he the said Wrighte hath wronged and abused the said Mr Mapes And shall then and
there before them submitt himself & be sorrie for all such wrongf & wicked Cursingf as
he hath reported or spoken with promise hereafter never by wordf or deedf to wronge
him or any other of this Courte or any other of the Assistant? of this Company.
27th February, 1610. At this Courte was John Cotton of Radcliffe a professor
of Surgery comited to the Compter for not makinge presentation of his Cure wch dyed
under his hand & also for his evill practice wch he used to his Cure as it did appeare
beinge examined thereuppon And further he is forbidden to practice Surgery any more
untill that he be examined.
2nd October, 1610. At this Court it is ordered that Richard Baynes and
Xpofer Browne shalbe comitted to the Compter for that they did not come and make
answer to this Court of the Complayntf wd' are made against them by their sev'all
patient? they being therefore warned at sev'all Court dayes.
9th October, 1610. At this Court was one wyddowe Bryers comitted to the
Compter for practising Surgery contrary to the Statut? of this Realme.
About this period are several instances of Surgeons being fined
for going to sea without licence, and for not having their sea chests
examined, e.g. :
6th November, 1610. Att this Court Gyles fflemmynge did promyse that on
Tewsdaye come ffortnight he woulde bring in his ffyne of x1' for going to Sea w"'out lycence
of this howse, whereupon the Court was contented to proceed noe further against him in
respect of such abuses as he hath offred.
22nd January, 161 1. James Blackborne applied to be admitted
a brother to practise Surgery and promising to pay £10 for his
admission and to make the examiners a dinner, a day was appointed
for his examination.
31st January, 161 1. This daie James Blackborne was examined touchinge his
skill in the generatyve pt? of women ; and bringinge of women to bedd in their
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
?J'
dangerous and difficult Labors : And he the said Blackborne was found fitt and allowed
to practize (in that Chirurgicall p°te of Surgery touching the generatyve ptf of women &
bringinge them to bedd in their dangerous & difficult Labours) by letters under the seale
of the howse beinge the date above wrytten And was att this Court sworne and admitted
a fforayne brother ; and in consideracon thereof he paid to the p°nte Mrs att this
Court x11'
The Barber-Surgeons had claimed the exclusive right of
embalming dead bodies, but how they fared in their contention with
the Wax Chandlers (referred to in the next extract) does not appear.
26th October, 1612. This daie it is ordered that at the chardgf of the howse
the p'nte Masters w"' the Clark shall seeke in the Rowles for the charter of the wax
chaundlers and to tak a coppie of that p°te of the charter touchinge the libertie gyven
unto them for the imbaulmynge of dead bodyes And as they shall finde the same soe to
take the advice of my lord cheife Justice about the same at the chardgf of the howse.
3rd November, 1612. This daie the Company receavinge a letter from the lordf
of his Ma'f most hon°able privye Councell wherein they intreated the Company to give
leave unto one Bartholomew Vanderlatch a stranger to take in hand one Melser Gisberd
whoe had an ympedym' in his eye, whereupon this Court was pleased that the said
Vanderlatch should take in hand to cure the said Gisberd w"'out disturbance of this howse.
17th November, 161 2. Att this Court Richard flynche dwelling at Pyckle
herring is forbidden to practise bonesetting or any other matter touching surgery at any
time hereafter
7th December, 161 3. This daie John Antonio an Italian being an Imposter
practizing in surgery is forbidden by this Court to deale any more in Surgery.
3rd March, 16 14. This daie Mr Robert Allott doctor in Phissick & one of the
fellowes of S' Johnes Colledge in Cambridge was admitted a brother of this Company
and hade the letters of this howse under the seale thereof graunted unto him.
15th March, 1614. This daie it is ordered that Thomas Gillam shall at the next
court of assistauntf bring in his fyne of v" for discecting of an Anothomy out of this hall.
1 2th April, 1614. This daie it is ordered that Thomas Collyns shall bring in
his fyne of 10" for going to sea not having his Chest vewed.
2 U 2
33 2 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons,
27th May, 1616. At this Court is gyven unto Mr Docter Crooke the some of 5"
for that lie did dedicate a booke unto this Companie & gave one of them unto this
howse.
15th August, 1616. John Walgrave came before the Court
upon Summons, and being questioned —
if he practized Surgery he peremptorily replied he did & gott his lyveinge by
the same and was an auntienter Surgeon then themselves Then he was demaunded by
what authoritie he did practice Surgery to wch he aunswered he had sufficient authoritie
for he was allowed by the Archbusshop of Canterburie and the Busshop of London Then
Mr ffenton demaundinge of him in what busshops tymes he was so admitted, after manie
insolent & menasinge speches & unsemely behaviors he aunswered he was admitted by
Busshop Whiteguift. Then was demaunded of him by what Busshop of London he was
admitted to w '' he very insolent replied that he scorned to tell them or to be examined
by anie of them all, vauntinge further that he was a better gentleman than anie of them
all To w"' M' ffenton aunswered that if he did so he did it unlawfully & he aunswered
that he cared not, for he had practized these 30 yeares & wold still practice the same. And
Mr ffenton told him that though he had practized so long yet that made it not lawful]
except he had byn examined iv approved according unto the lawes of the land To wc"
Walgrave beinge in great passion w"' menaceinge & threatninge behavio' replied unto M'
ffenton & the rest, you lye & I tell you agayne you lye And so wl" proud menacinge &
insolent behavio' w;" many insolent unsemely & irreverent speches to all that salt at that
tyme in the Court he most unmanerly & w"'out regard of anie that sat their dep°ted.
In all probability it was ascertained that Walgrave had the
Bishop's licence or else some powerful friends, as no further notice
seems to have been taken of his contempt, though the records
abundantly show that the Court was never slow to visit condign
punishment on far lesser offenders than this man.
15th July, 1624. Whereas informacon is given to this Court that of late Doctor
Grints servingman John Eethell lett a maide blood, her arme mortified and the maid
thereupon died, it is ordered by this Court that there shalbe counsell taken thereon, and
a suite comenced ag°t him at the Costs of this house.
7th December, 1624. This daye John Baptista Succa a mountibancke and an
Italian borne had order to forbeare his practise here in London.
o/limals of the Barber-Surgeons. 333
6th November, 1627. This daye was presented to tin's Courte by Humfrey
Bromley a letter from the Lord Maior of this Cittie of London the tenor whereof is as
followeth
'■JSo the Mr and Wardeins of the Companie of Barbar Surgions ^SBeveas S'
Henry Herbert Knight Mr of the Revells hath authorised the bearer hereof Humfrey
Bromley to shew a Child presented to be naturallie borne haveing Twoe heades ffower
Amies and three leggf wcl' I suppose not to be borne of any woeman or to be the perfect
substance of a child in respect whereof I forbeare to p°mitt the said Humfrey Bromely to
make shewe thereof within the liberies of this Cittye untill such tyme as I maye be truely
satisfied from you whether the same child be of the substance as is pretended Therefore
I desire you that upon advised view of the said Child you truly certifie mee in writing
under yor handf whether the same be really a child as is presented to thend I maye not
unadvisedly suffer his Ma'f subject^ to be deceyved thereby. This second of November
Anno Dni. 1627.
Hugh Hamkrsley Maw''-
Whereupon the vew of the supposed body as aforesaid it is ordered that this
answere be returned to the Lord Maior as followeth viz :
■jHiijltt Hono1,10 According unto yor Lops reference unto us directed dated the
second of November 1627 WK'e have taken a deliberate vewe of the supposed monstrous
birth presented unto us to be vewed as from your hono' by one Humfrey Bromley And
although wee cannot possitively affirme it proceeded not from a woeman Yet under favor,
wee conceive and soe deliver our opinions that the said suppo>ed monstrous shape hath
beene, either by Arte soe composed and put together from unnaturall and untimely
birthes of Children or from other Animalls, as Apes, Munckeys or the like wd' have a
greate resemblance of Manns bodye, in many of their partes and soe by the cunninge
subtiletye of the composer made into a monster, thereby to delude the worlde and
haveing a Bodye of Antiquitie cannot safely receive a flatt and manifest contradiction :
And wee are induced the rather to suspect it for that the producer thereof hath noe
testimonye from any learned or judicious men ; neither from any Magistrates of the^partes
where it is pretended to have bene borne, wch such offendors use aboundantly to be
furnished withall. And in conclusion compareing his printed demonstration of his
monster, with the Author he siteth, and others that have written of such and the like
monsters, Wee finde a greate deale of Addition and a manifest disagreem' wdl is a playne
badge of fixion and falsehoods All wch our opinions wee humbly submitt to yor hono"-
grave wisdome to be further considered of.
^4 c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons.
jj
20th November, 1627. Item this daye M Warden Woodnll Mr Peter Thorney
M' George Perrine and Mr Thomas Gilham are appointed by our M." command^ to goe
to Portsmouth for the cureing of the wounded souldiers that come from the Isle of Rea
in ffrance which are nowe remayneing wounded and sicke at Portsmouth upon the letter
of the Lord Conwaye signifieing his Ma'f pleasuer therefore.
8th July, 1628. This daye Mr Peter Thorney is by this Court desired to goe
Surgion generall for the Armye that goes by Land.
23rd January, 1629. Mr. Peter Thorney having died in the
King's Service on the coast of FVance, John Heydon was chosen an
Assistant in his place. Peter Thorney is mentioned on the monument
to his Uncle, Thomas Thorney (Master, 1602, 1606), in St. Andrew's,
Holborn. (See Biographical Notices.)
19th April, 1630. This daye the Examiners mett here in Court upon the
recomendaeon of the lordf of the privey Councell signified by S' John Cooke secretary
of state for the approveing of one Dupont a french man to practise for the cure of
the pox. Whereupon the said Dupont being examined was found altogether insufficient.
20th April, 1630. This daye Edward ffleete paid in xxs for his fine for not
reading lecture according to his turne.
20th October, 1631. This Court takeing notice of the lack of a Private
dissection Roome for anatomicall imployementf and that hitherto those bodies have
beene a greate annoyance to the tables dresser boardes and utensills in or upper Kitchin
by reason of the blood filth and entrailes of those Anathomyes and for the better
accomodateing of those anatomicall affaires and preserveing the Kitchin to its owne
prop0 use, Doe nowe order that there shalbe a faire convenient roome built over the
greate staire case next the back yard to be imployed onely for discection of private
Anathomyes to the value of xl1'-
28th December, 1632. On the death of Dr. Gwyn, in
December, 1627, it had been arranged that in future the Surgeons
of the Company should read the Anatomical lectures in turn, weekly;
but great difficulty having been experienced in carrying out this
c/Imm/s of the Barber-Surgeons. 335
regulation, the Court now reverted to the former practice of
employing a Professor, and appointed Dr. Alexander Reade at a
salary of ^20 per annum.
23rd March, 1635. Alsoe this Court takeing notice that in theis latter yeares
there hath bene a generall remissnes in the greater p°t of the Surgians of this Companie
in their not appearance and personall attendance in their Seates on the Scaffoldings at the
Six lecture tymes at the publique Anatomye, and the disorderlynes of those Surgians y'
doe appeare for wanting their outward ornament commixing themselves confusedly
amongst the Comon people then p°nte, whereby the honor and worthynes of this
Companie on the Surgians p^te hath bene much eclipsed, ffor redresse of wch enormious
exorbitance and for the better grace and Wor°p of this Companie. It is now decreed
that for ever hereafter at the tymes of publiqe Lecture readings on the Sceletons or
Anatomies in this Comon Hall this ensueing order for the greater decencye & more
Wor'p of this Companie shall from tyme to tyme hereafter yearely be observed and
put in due execution, viz1 ■ That every Surgian either of the Assistants or of the Liverye
shall appeare in his gowne in the forenone and afternoone of one daye at the least of the
3 dayes lectures at every publiqe discection And that every Surgian of the Wardeins and
of the Assistants of the yeomanrye shall likewise appeare in his gowne in the forenone and
afternoone of one daye at the least of the three dayes lectures at every publiqe
Anatomye, and everye one of those Surgians dureing the tyme of such lecture shall
sitt decently in such place in the Scaffoldings as is appropriated to every of them in their
degrees and Rancks as aunciently hath bene accustomed upon payne that every Surgian
that shall not accordingly appeare shall forfeite and paye to the use of the Companie the
some of Twoe shillings and Six pence, or appeareing shall not weare his gowne all the
tyme of such readeing for one daye at the least the ^oine of Twelve pence, And that
every p^son of the Coialtie or fforreine brothers professeing Surgerye shall likewise
appeare in the forenone and afternone of one daye at the least of the 3 dayes lectures
at the publiqe Anatomye and not appeareing shall forfeite Twelve pence without
redempcon of all or any pnte of any of the fines aforesaid.
24th September, 1635. Alsoe for that Nicholas Downeing not being an
approved Surgian according to Lawe did twoe opaeons' in Surgery contrary to the Lawes
of this Kingdome & the Customes & ordinances of this Companie and being forbid by
the Mrs & Governors to forbeare those opaeons did notwithstanding that prohibition make
1 Operations.
p
■} ■) 6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
opacons and both patients died, Was fined at iiij11, viz' ■ xl5 a peece for each of those twoe
opaciins because he made not two presentations according to the ordinance of this
Companie in that behalfe, And he to be prosecuted at Lawe for the Childs miscarriage.
Alsoe this daye the said Nicholas Downeing was fined by this Court at vjs viij*
for his uncivill behavio' to Mr John.Woodall an auncient Mr of this Companie.
6th October, 1635. Alsoe Nicholas Downeing being here in Court was required
to paye his three fines according to his promise the last Thursdaye, denied to paye them,
is by this Court comitted to the Compter in Wood Streete in my lord Maior of Londons
name.
The following entry is not complimentary to Dr. William
Harvey, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, the marginal
note in the minute book being " Doctor Harveys ill practise."
17th November, 1635. This daye Wm Kellett being called here in Court for
not makeing presentaeon of one Mr Kinnersleys maide that died in his charge, he saied
here in Court that Mr Doctor Harvye being called to the patient did upon his vew of the
patient saie, that by the meanes of a boulster the tumor on the temporall muskle would
be discussed and his opinion was, that there was noe fracture but the vomiteing came by-
reason of the foulenesse of the Stomacke, and to that purpose plscribed physick by
Briscoe the Apothecarye, soe the patient died by ill practise, the fracture being neglected
& the Companie not called to the vew.
The next entry illustrates the peremptory method of dealing
with a quack : —
22nd October, 1635. One Christopher Hatton whoe saied he waighteth on
gr \ym Beifore h;s Ma'f Lieutenant of The Tower came to this Court to knowe the
reason of the Companies takeing downe of Law Raylens banner or mountabanck table
of bladders & stones being a stranger borne & then were hung upon Tower hill execution
place, this Courts answere was that by the Lawes & Charters of this Companie they
tooke & demolished them.
Also the said Lawrence Ruylen a mountabanck was called here in Court and
ordered to paye his fine of v" for hanging his signes tables bladders and stones upon
the publique postf in streetes & on the Traitors scaffold on Tower hill in an exorbitant
manner being contrary to the Lawes and Charters of this Companie confirmed according
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ? ?7
to Lawe And this Court doth order that those signes and bladders shalbe demolished
and he is forbidden from further practiseing any p°t of Surgerye hereafter within London
or 7 miles Compasse of this Cittye.
1637. For several years prior to and about this period
numerous entries occur of Surgeons being fined £5 for going to
sea without license or without having their sea chests examined,
also for sending their apprentices to sea as surgeons' mates without
examination.
29th March, 1638. It is ordered that Edward Arris' and Hen: Boone5 shall
have libertie to sett up in or Theater a Sceleton by them wrought on when they were
Masters Anatomysts on the body of Canbury besse3 to be placed on the Corbell stone of
the Signe Libra alsoe they have leave to paint that peere of bricks up to the Cornish &
to depict the planett Venus governeing those twoe signes underneath Libra & Taurus with
twoe shadowed neeces4 for two Sceletons & to sett up their names or mottoe under
Libra they payeing the charge for the same & such p°son or p^sons as shall sett up a
sceleton on the other signe Taurus shall paye the moietye of the charge they are now at
in painting.
3rd July, 1638. Upon the complaint ag' ffran: Soare for discecting a bodye in
his owne house contrary to the ordinance It is ordered he shalbe sumoned agl the
next Court.
22nd October, 1638. Tho. Bowden being called to this Court for not makeing
p°ntac6n of his patient Godfrey Lee whoe died under his handf is fined at xls-
Alsoe the said Thomas Bowden being not an approved Surgian for that he tooke
upon him the cure & charge of ye said Godfrey being daungerouslie wounded & did not
joyne an able & approved surgian with him in that cure is fined at v'1-
Alsoe it is ordered that for his the said Thomas Bowdens evill practise in
Surgerye he shalbe Comitted to the Compter in Wood Streete.
Alderman, Master 1651. '' Master 1655.
1 Canonbury Bessie, a malefactor. ' Niches.
2 X
? ?<V oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Mr. Bowden subsequently mended his ways as he was elected
Third Warden. in 1654 and Upper Warden in 1660.
22nd October, 1638. It is ordered that the Mr & Wardens & as many
of the Assistants Surgians with Counsell shall attend the right hono',lc yc Lordf
of his Ma'f most honobIe privye Councell about the new Patent for distilling
strong Waters.
6th March, 1639. Mrs. Susan Gwinn, widow of Dr. Gwinn,
the Reader of Anatomy, presented the Doctor's MSS. to the
Company.
1638-9. About this period the war with Scotland con-
sequent upon Charles I interfering in Scotch Church matters, broke
out, and a large army being collected in the North the
Barber-Surgeons were directed to "press" and forward twenty-three
Surgeons to Newcastle.
The Minute relating to this is as follows, —
20th April, 1639. Upon reading the warr1 sent to this house from Yorke signed
by the Lord Generall concerneing the want of Surgians in the Armye It is concluded by
the Governo" & Assistants here p°nte that Mr Warden Dunn & Mr Collins shall goe on,
& goe aboard some Newcastle shipp and agree with a shipper for ye conveighance of yc
Surgians & their Chests & provisions & their mates, & likewise give them conduct money,
& that for the present that charge to be borne out of the stock of this house untill it cann
be reobteyned from the Threr of ye Armye.
This appears to have cost the Company ^44 14..?., whereof
they received but ,£23, the balance never having been paid. The
details of the expenditure are subjoined, and in reading them we
cannot but commiserate the unhappy men who were barged to
Gravesend and thence "transported" to Newcastle.
c/J finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 339
dlsl!ursemtf for impresting and sh1ppinue of the surgians in the years
Imploymt for the Kings Service.
Laid out by Edmund Johnson for ymprestinge of
Surgeons for the Kingf service- - v1'
Delivered to Mr Collins for the like- xs
Spent in goeinge to Lymehouse Ratclifife & wappinge
to presse - - - - xviij'1
Paid to xxiij Surgions who were transported by sea
from London to Newcastle xxiij" of \vdl recd by
Mr Serjant Clowes xvij1' xs & my selfe xxs so that
there doth remayne unsatisfied -
Paid unto Tho: Wells the Mr of the shipp to transport
them ------ - -
Paid for a barge to carry us & them to Gravesend
Spent at Gravesend at dynner
Spent at Supper -
Paid Jo : Mules wch he disburced for Warfage literage
caremenn & other like Charges as pr) bill
Sum is -
In accordance with their Charters the ancient practice of the
Company had been to elect annually two Surgeons and two Barbers
for Master and Wardens ; this fell into electing two Surgeons and two
others who were often neither Barbers nor Surgeons, and latterly,
even the qualification of Surgery came to be disregarded, whereupon
(29th March, 1639) a mandate, signed by Charles I and directed to the
Company, was read in Court (see Appendix, G) in which the King
set forth that divers persons as "hosiers dyers & other tradesmen
unskilfull in Chirurgery or Barbarye" had been chosen for Masters
and Wardens contrary to the Charters and Acts of Parliament, and
further " wee takeing into consideracon of what dangerous consequence
it maye be to suffer a Companye wherein the lives and safetie of or
people are soe much concerned and for wch or progenitors have soe
carefully provided to be governed by such unskilfull p sons," the
2x2
nij x
viij1'
XXXs
ixs
vf
vif
xxvjs
xxj1' xiiijs
340 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
King straitly commanded the Company to elect the Governors
in the future as they ought to do, viz. : two Barbers and two
Surgeons each year.
This order of the King appears for some little time to have
been obeyed, and then the Company relapsed into their old practice
of choosing at their pleasure, whereupon another mandate came from
the King, for we find that : —
17th January, 1644. The Court took notice of the King's
mandate, and a very long and elaborate minute is entered to the
effect that the practice of choosing two Barbers and two Surgeons for
Governors was fraught with much inconvenience and had led to great
dissensions, and the Court referring to the Statute of Henry VII,
where it is allowed that any person free of the Company following any
other profession than that of a Barber or Surgeon should be reputed
and taken as a Barber, ordered that for the future, any Member of
the Assistants, other than a Barber or Surgeon, might be put in
nomination, and that he should be accounted a Barber. The Court
were very careful to express their loyalty to the King whilst they
ignored his mandate, trusting no doubt, that should they afterwards
be called to account by the King, their dutiful expressions towards
him would serve in a measure as an excuse for disobeying his
express commands.
2nd July, 1639. Anthony Mould called to this Court and questioned concerneing
his practise in Surgerye, confessed that he deales onely in swellings and Kernills & hath
Mould for yc a licence from the Kinge to practise the same, he hath lately taken into his
Kings Evill. Qme one George Ravenscroft for scrophilous tumors in the neck, this Court
at the said Moulds request, hath given libertye to Mould to cure him by Michaelmas
next, & he hath promised then to present the said Geo : whole & well to this Court.
Some nine years afterwards Mould was again before the Court
in a case of King's evil.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 34 1
21st March, 1648. Henry Ivatt complayned against Anthony Mold for his evill
practice On the Wife of the said Ivatt who being afflicted with the Kings Evill Whereof
he undertooke to cure her And for that purpose did receive of the said Ivatt nxxs in hand
and was to have 40s more when she was cured Both partyes refeered themselves to this
Court Whereupon this Court doth Order That the said Mold doth restore xxs back againe
to the said Ivatt Which he promised to pay accordingly And soe all differences betweene
the said parties by theire owne consent to cease and determine.
6th February, 1646. It is this day ordered That our Mr and Mr Warden
Browne' with the other Assistants Surgeons present doe move the Sheriffs That at the
time of Execucbn a Body be quietly delivered to this Companye's officer for an Anatomy.
9th March, 1646. This day Mr Warden Browne acquainted this Court
that whereas he about 6 yeares sithence had a child of Mr Hamonds to his
Patient with whome he upon his first calling thither found Mr Thomas Bowden3 with
others Who after presentacon made by the Motion of Mr Warden Browne dyed, that
he hath bin reported by the ffather of the child to have murthered the child And that
Mr Thomas Bowden had justifyed and would justify the same of wch scandall M* Warden
complayneing to this Co" M' Bowden prayed to be excused from giveing any answer
thereunto ffor that there was a Suite at Law now depending betweene Mr Hamond
and Mr Warden Browne concerning that matter.
23rd April, 1646. Mr. Martin Browne requested and had a
Committee of Examiners to enquire into the case of Hamond's child,
and to report to the Court.
14th May, 1646. The Committee brought up their Report,
finding that on the 28th January, 1639, Mr. Browne was called to
Mr. Hamond's child in Bow Lane, the child having fallen out of a
window and seriously injured its head. That Mr. Browne consulted
with Dr. Spicer and Mr. Thomas Bowden (whom he found there) and
as they all conceived the child to be in danger, presentation was duly
made to the Wardens of the Barber-Surgeons, that thereupon by
general consent, the child was let blood and had a glister, and the next
1 Martin Browne, an eminent Surgeon, Master in 1653, gave the Company a Silver loving cup and cover.
- Warden, 1654.
J
142 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
day his head was shaved and a cataplasm applied, that these remedies
were continued for about eight days and that then it was deemed
advisable to open the head, which was done by Mr. Browne with a
Trapan in the presence and with the advice and approbation of
Mr. Serjeant Clowes (then Master), Mr. George Dunn1 (Warden),
Mr. William Kings,2 Mr. Eaton and the said Mr. Bowden, and that
the child died on the 15th day, that proper remedies had been duly
applied and that everything had been done with great care according
to art.
23rd October, 1646. This Court doth order That all the approved Chirurgeons
according to Law shall appeare at all publique Anatomyes for the time to come in a fflatt
Capp upon the penalty of 3s 4'' and all the rest of the Livery in a Hatt.
1646. iEBe Chauces of the Anathomyes betweene Michas and
Christmas last.
Paid for Carryeing the Cophin to Newgate
ffor horsehire to the place of execucon -
ffor the ffees at the place of execucon
ffor expences at S! Gyles xijd to the carman xij'1 and
for washing the bodye xijd - - - -
ffor Perfumes xij'1 wax candles ijd and soape j'1 -
ffor lynnen for the Bodye -
To the Beadles Assistant in taking the Bodye -
Paid the Parsons dutye for the buriall ijd for ye
grave xij'1 for the Clerke & Sexton xxij'1 -
To the Bearers ijs & expended at the buriall ijs vjd -
ffor a Cophin to burye the bodye in - - -
To Doctor Godard for reading six lectures
To Mr Nicholas Brothers and M' William Watson
whoe desected the bodye xls appeece - - 04 00 00
Paid for 3 dynners for the M's or Governo" Assist-
ants Reader & desectors - - - - - 10 00 00
ffor Candles for 3 mornings - - 00 1 1 1 1
1 Master, 1646. -' Master, 1650.
CO
OO
06
GO
02
OO
OO
°5
06
OO
°3
OO
OO
01
°3
OO
06
oS
OO
01
00
OO
04
10
OO
04
06
OO
°3
°4
06
00
00
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 343
To the twoe Beadles their ffee for three dayes
attendance - - oo 10 oo
1647-8. Paid and disbursed in Charges in sending Chyrur-
gians to the seige at Colchester by Ire from the
Com15 of the Armye & for their maintenance
& medicines - 17 13 06
26th January, 1647. William Watson haveing his Letters of admittance and not
sealed the Bond according to the ordinance in that behalfe did amongst other uncivill
behaviour and words to our Mr and the Court say That he would not be whip°d by
a Bond and that he would give his answer at his owne convenience. And when our Mr
told him That he must seale the Bond he answered That must was for the King, But
this Court gave him a fortnight to give his answer peremptorily.
1655. The following is a Copy of a Surgeon's Certificate to
practise : —
Certificate in the "j L§fo aCC peopfe to whom this present writeing shall come
behalf of a • John Fredericke Esqk Alderman of the Cittie of London
Thomas Allen Abraham Clerke and Thomas Bowden Masrb
or GovYiors of the Mistery and cominalty of Barbers and Chirurgeons of London
send Greeting in our Lord God everlasting.
"gj&fjeveasi Wee have had experience & sufficient Tryall as well of the good
behaviour & honest conversacon of Samuell Holditch a Freeman of the said mistery and
Cominaltie & one of the Cloathing of our said Corporacon as alsoe of his skill expience
& knowledge in the Arte or Science of Chirurgery. Now know yee that wee the said
Masters or GovWs (att the humble suite and entreatie of the said Samuell Holditch &
for his further apphacon of his skill) Have on the day of the date of these presents
caused him to be deliberately examined & tryed before us concerning his sufficiency &
knowledge in the same arte by William Kings' Edward Arris2 Henry Boone3 Robert
Bullacke4 Charles Stamford5 & Lawrence Loe6 Masters in Chirurgery being six of the
examiners appointed and autfiized according to Lawe for the examination and appfiacon of
Chirurgeons And findeing him the said Samuell Holditch a fitt and able p°son to practice
use & exercise the said Arte of Chirurgery Wee doe by these psents as much as in us is
admitt appve of & allowe him to practice use and exercise the said Arte or science of
1 Master 1650. - M. 1651. 3 M. 1655. ' M. 1657. ' M. 1659. 6 M. 1667.
144 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Chirurgcry & all and every the parts thereof according to the force forme & effect of the
statutes in that behalf made & pvided.
In Witnesse whereof we the said Masters or Gov°nors have hereunto subscribed
our names & caused the Comon seale of yc said Corporacon to be fixed this seaventh day
of May in the yeare of our Lord God according to the accompt kept in England One
thousand six hundred fifty & five.
John Frederick
Tho: Allen
Abra: Clerke
Tho: Bowden.
1690. The following is a copy of a Press warrant issued by
the Masters and Governors to their Beadles, Smith and Wills : —
jJ3()creas by certeine Letters pattents of our Late Sovereigne Lord King
Charles the first dated the ffifteenth day of August in the first yeare of his reigne As alsoe
by order of our Sovereigne Lord the King in Councill beareing date the twenty eight day
of December last ~g&ee the Masters or Governo" of the Mistery & Coialty of Barbers
& Chirurgions of London are Authorized and required forthwith to cause to be impressed
or taken up for their Majti,;s service in Ireland ffortey Chirurgeons Mates & to returne
their Names to the Councill Board that care may be taken for their subsistance, In
pursuance of the said Authorities & in discharge of the trust in us reposed Wee doe
hereby require & cornand you Peter Smith & Jonas Wills being our officers joyntley &
severally to imprest for their Majlies Service fortey Able Chirurgeons Mates delivering
every person by you imprest one shilling impresse money chargeing him upon his
Allegiance forthwith to p^pare himselfe for the said Service & to make his personall
appearance before us at our Comon Hall upon further Summons there to receive
such orders & direccon for his speedy repaire to such Service as he shall be assigned
unto, and for better execucSn hereof his Maj"eb Deputy leiftennants Sherrs Mayors
Bayliffs & Constables & others whom it may concerne are to be aiding & assisting unto
you. Given under our Comon Seale this 17"' day of January in the first yeare of the
Reigne of our Sovereigne Lord & Ladie King William & Queene Mary 1689.'
2nd July, 1690. It was ordered that any of the Assistants or
Livery being Surgeons and not appearing at the Public Anatomy were
to forfeit 3s. \d. each.
1 i.e., 1690.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 345
1 2th December, 1690. Whereas there hath been an abuse offered to Mr ffenton
Bynns by Doctr Goodall for giveing internall medicines in a case of Surgery, Ordered that
if the College of Phisitians doe arrest Mr Bynns that he shall bee defended at the cost of
the Company for the fact now meneoned in Court.
20 July, 1693. Considering some late ill practises in this Company relating
to Anatomy &: to prevent the same for the future it is ordered by this Court that noe
p^son what soever (except the Reader, Masters & Stewards of Anatomy for the time being)
shall use a knife &c to disect any humaine body at any time hereafter brought to this
Hall for an Anatomy upon the forfiture of xls for every fact soe coinitted.
The Court would seem to have had the power of nominating
the Surgeons and Surgeons' Mates to the ships of the Royal Navy.
There are hundreds of instances in the books of these appointments,
but the following will suffice as examples : —
nth August, 1693. Ordered that Mr John Bamber bee warranted Chirurgeon
of the YVaymouth at Portsmouth.
Ordered that Larkham bee continued on board the Bristoll.
Ordered that Mr Harding have the first fowerth rate that shall bee ordered out.
13th February, 1694. Ordered that Mr Nicholson bee continued Chirurgeon of
the Oxford & that the Captaine bee acquainted with the same.
27th February, 1694. John Jenkin this day relinquished all title & clame to
the S' Paull ffire shipp, ordered that Richard Woolett bee warranted in his rome at
the request of Captaine Mitchell.
22nd June, 1698. Ordered that the whole body of the p°son desected bee
entirely buried some time tomorrow & that Cave the Beadle take care & see it done.
20th July, 1698. Mr Woodward p°sented five Books of Mr Arris Surgery to
the Company.
There is no notice at the British Museum, of any Surgical
book written by Edward Arris ; these were probably some books
which had belonged to him.
29th July, 1 70 1. Dr. Tyson having made some proposals as
to the regulation of the Library, a Committee was this day appointed
2 Y
34b cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
and drew up a great many rules, which are set out in the minutes
with much prolixity.
3rd December, 1709. It was ordered that no Examiner in
Surgery should in future accept any gratuity from, or be treated or
entertained in any manner by, any Sea Surgeon or Surgeon's Mate,
either before or after examination, under the penalty of being removed
from his offices of Examiner and Assistant.
1st June, 1 7 10. The Archbishop of Canterbury1 having licensed
several persons to practise as Surgeons without due examination, the
following memorial was ordered to be sent to his Grace.
To The most Reverend ffather in God Thomas by Divine Providence
Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.
The humble petition of the Masters or Govemors Assistants Livery &
ffreemen of the Mystery & Comonalty of Rarbers & Surgeons
of London.
Sheweth :
That severall Surgeons unlearned & unskilfull in that Art have set up &
practised within Seven miles of the City of London under Colour of a Licence from
yor Grace & without the examination & approbation of such Surgeons as the Law hath
appointed for that purpose ffor which reason wee beg leave to lay before yor Grace the
following representation, viz' :
That the Company of Barbers & Surgeons were incorporated by the Charter of
King Edward the Second wch was confirmed by the Charter of Edward the fourth with
this Addiconal Clause That the Governo'5 of the Company should examine approve &
authorise all such as should practise in that ffaculty.5
That the said Charter of Edward 4"' not having provided by sufficient penaltys
against that great & growing mischeife which sprung from the unskillfullness of several
1 Thomas Tenison, ob. 14th December, 1715.
- This statement as to a Charter by Edward II is a fiction, as also that it was confirmed by
Edward IV, with an additional clause. The first Charter was granted by Edward IV, 24th February, 1462.
The remainder of the facts stated in this letter to the Archbishop are, however, correct.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 347
vain pretenders in this art, It was provided by the Statute of the 3 H. 8, cap. n That
no person within London or seven miles of it should exercise Surgery except they were
first examined approved & admitted by the Bishop of London or Dean of Paul's calling
to him four expert persons in that faculty under forfeiture of five pounds pn month And
out of the City & precints seven miles, unless exaied & approved by the Bishop of the
Diocess or his Vicar Generall in like maner, upon which Statute yor petitioners beg leave
to observe That it was wholly introductive of a new law & creates a power in the Bishop
that was before vested in the Company by the Charter, so doth it take care to confine
that power meerly to the Diocesan under the limitation of a regular examination in his
presence by four persons that had already passed their examinations.
The Bishop of each Diocess being therefore by their Law invested with a
Temporall power perfectly forreign to their Ecclesiasticall Jurisdiction & Spirituall care
We do humbly hope yor Grace will not exercise this authority which was never by this
law placed in the Metropolitane but was only to be exercised by the Diocesan under a
regular Examination by persons admitted into our Company. And yor Grace will find
this the more reasonable upon Consideration of this Act for the law makes it a part of
the Ecclesiasticall concernment upon a supposition that severall persons pretending to
Surgery had practised Sorcery & Witchcraft which yor Grace will pardon us if we beg
leave to say was an artificiall notion set up by the popish Clergy in those times to draw
within their own Verge the Inspection & approbation of all such persons as attended
the beds of dying men.
But however that law was obtained, our Company which consisted of all such
persons as exercised Surgery within London or seven miles being afterwards incorporated
by the Statute of 32 H. 8, C. 42, no man could practise within London or seven Miles
Compass of the City without an examination by four of the faculty thus incorporated &
without being solemnly admitted into the Company.
And accordingly the Bishop of London has from time to time been pleased to
do us that Justice that we humbly presume yor Grace will not deny us, viz' not to license
any person within his Diocess who hath not first obtained a Testimoniall under the
Seale of our Company certifying the examination of such person & his skill & ability
for the exercise of that art.
But if this restraint of yor Graces Licences were not to be asked as a matter of
Justice We should not doubt to obtain it as a favour, when yor Grace considers how this
maner of entring into the faculty opens a way to the Ignorant & unskillfull to the great
prejudice both of the Company & of the publick, for yor Grace cannot be so much
at leisure from yor pastorall care to enquire into the abilitys of such as pretend to sign
2 Y 2
34$ c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
their Testimonialls nor is any person that comes in by this method subject to the
regulation of our Company's By-Laws which are all signed under the hands of the two
Cheife Justices & the present Lord ChanceUour & contrived with the greatest exactness
to regulate the practise of this art, besides that every person admitted is obliged to
give bond to the Company that he will diligently attend such cures as he shall be called
unto & that he will never wilfully administer any hurtfull medecine, And in all cases
of danger call in one of our ten Examiners to his assistance who are always ready to
afford their assistance when asked.
Lastly we think we may add that the Companys services of the publick may
reasonably deserve some consideration from all lovers of the publick for that ten of the
principall persons of the faculty meet once a week at their Hall to examine & approve all
Surgeons & Surgeons Mates that are in her Majesties Service which amount to five
hundred in a year & to inspect all Sea Surgeons Chests of medicines & instruments & to
peruse the Journalls of their practice & to view all Sea officers who are wounded in fight
& this without the least reward nor are any admitted into the Sea Service without their
Testimoniall & approbation to the very great preservation of the Seamen And tis
presumed that a Regulation that has been found so necessary at Sea will appear at Land
to be equally beneficiall.
Wherefore yor petitioners humbly begg that yor Grace will not for the future
be pleased to give Lycences to any persons to practise Surgery within London or
seven miles compass thereof untill such persons skill & ability for the exercise of that art
appears by a Testimoniall under our Companys Scale to have been tried & approved
of by the ten Examiners of our Company appointed for that purpose.
There is no note of any reply to this letter having been
received from the Archbishop.
6th February 171 1. The Court petitioned the Queen that
they might have the Examination and certifying of all Army Surgeons
(who were then examined by the Surgeon-General) in the same way
that they examined and passed the Navy Surgeons.
20th February, 171 1. Letters similar in effect to the one
addressed to the Archbishop on 1st June, 1710, though slightly
differing to meet some altered circumstances not necessary to be here
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 349
set forth in full, were ordered to be sent to the Bishops of London,
Winchester and Rochester, and to the Dean of St. Paul's.
6th March, 171 1. It is ordered that William Cave one of the Beadles of this
Company do make Inquiry who the persons were that carryed away the last body
from Tyburne & that such persons be Indicted for the same.
16th August, 171 1. Mr. Daniell Turner intending to become
a "Collegiate Physician" applied for his discharge from the Freedom
and Livery of the Company, which was granted to him for ,£50, and
that sum he at once paid down.
9th October, 171 1. Richard Russell one of the persons who stands Indicted
for carrying away the last publick body applying himself to this Court & offering to be
evidence against the rest of the persons concerned It it ordered that the Clerk do apply
himself to Her Majesty's Attorney Generall for a Noli p°sequi as to the said Russell in
order to make him an evidence upon the sd Indictment & particularly agst one Samuell
Waters whom the Court did likewise order to be indicted for the said fact.
It was no uncommon circumstance for candidates under
examination to be rejected, the reason being often rather tersely
given, e.g. :
13th February, 1712. W" Ogilby Rejected & said very Saucily it should be the
last time.
Alex' Keith Rejected because an Apothecary's boy.
Edward Brown Rejected because a Barber.
James Erwin ffor a Mate and rejected for Sauciness to Mr Blundell & the Court.
1st April, 171 2. Two Barbers were ordered to be prosecuted
for practising Surgery contrary to the By-Laws.
6th May, 1712. Ordered that Mr Watts be summoned to appear before the
Governo'5 att the next Court to answer a Complaint ag' him for practiceing Surgery &
Instructing Barbers for 2 Guineas a peice.
Ordered that M' Small be likewise summoned to appeare before the Governors
att the next Court to answer a Complaint ag' him for amputateing a Breast without calling
an examiner to be present.
3$o c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
27th May, 1 7 12. John Wooding having been convicted at the
Old Bailey for taking away the body of John Addison from the place
of execution, the Court prayed the Lord Chief Justice to allow the
sentence upon him to be inserted in the Gazette, and afterwards to
consent in the Company's name to the remission of his fine and
imprisonment.
19th June, 1 71 2. Mr. Bartlett, a truss maker, having been
summoned for practising Surgery, he was ordered " to take from his
sign board that he cures Ruptures."
7th May, 1 7 13. The Court having complained to the Bishop
of London of the inconvenience arising from his licensing persons to
practise Surgery, and the Bishop having informed the Company that
he would not issue any more such licenses without a certificate of
fitness from the Company, it was thereupon ordered that 5 guineas
should be paid yearly to his Lordship's Registrar as Caveat money.
28th May, 1 7 13. Ordered that the Clark go to the Secretary at War for a
Guard in order to gett the next Body [from Tyburn].
13th August, 1 7 13. Upon hearing a complaint aijst Mr Godman & Mr Pinsent
for p'tending that one Vincents thigh was broke when it was not & then they had sett
it contrary to truth & proficiency in Surgery & the Patient & other Witnesses being
examined & proving yc fact agst him, the Court fined Mr Godman five pounds for his
unskillfull & wilfull practice & to be sued upon the by law or his bond as shall be
thought most convenient.
19th November, 17 14. Att this Court John Spurling a Barber at Highgate was
ordered to be prosecuted upon the Company's Charter for practising Surgery upon
John Holmes Barber.
2 1 st April, 1 71 5. The Court being informed that the Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty proposed to place the viewing of Sea
Surgeons' chests with Dr. Oliver and Mr. Rider, Physician and
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 351
Surgeon of Greenwich Hospital, to the exclusion of the Company's
rights and contrary to the Charter of Charles I ; it was ordered that
a memorial should be presented to the first Lord against such a
proposal.
4th June, 1 7 1 5. The Lords of the Admiralty having requested
the Court to undertake, with Dr. Oliver, the examination of such
Warrant Officers in the Navy as should apply for superannuation
pensions on the ground of age, wounds or infirmities, the Court
directed the Clerk to reply stating that the Company would perform
that office, and hold Courts for the purpose, on the first Friday in each
month. Pursuant to the above, Courts were held and certificates
granted from time to time.
5th June, 1 7 16. It is ordered That Nathaniel Charles be prosecuted He
owning that he had lett blood severall times for one shilling and six pence, As allso his
Master Joseph Roe. Twas observed that Mr Roe could not write his name haveing set
his mark only to the Indenture.
3rd July, 1 7 16. Ordered that the Clerk do permitt Mr. Beckett' to Inspect the
Company's Registers of ffremen and apprentices and The Table of Governors Names to
enable him to publish his book now in hand relateing to the lives and writings of eminent
Surgeons.
6th July, 1 7 16. Att this Court M' Langley who lives in Shoreditch being
suspected to be a Quack Doctor was exaied touching his skill in Surgery but not being
able to answer a question was rejected.
1st July, 1720. Ordered That the Porter in Southwark and a Bone setter in
Cheapside be prosecuted for Bone seting.
Sth August, 1720. James King the Surgeon who deposited £7 13s. od. in order
to be exaied againe as a fforreigne Brother was now Examined againe but not being fittly
qualifyed he was rejected and ordered his money back And ordered to be prosecuted in
case he shall ever practice Surgery for the future.
1 At the British Museum there is " A collection of Surgical Tracts," by William Beckett, F.R.S., London,
1740, and in the preface thereto it is stated that the collection formed by Mr. Beckett relating to eminent
Surgeons had not been published.
35 2 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons,
23rd June, 1 72 1. The Master represented to the Court that
"great trouble and inconveniency " had arisen in consequence of such
Surgeons as had of late offered themselves for examination not having
presented the Governors and Examiners "with Gloves of such sort
and goodness as had been customarily and antiently given to the
Governors and Examiners upon such examinacon and by buying the
gloves of tradesemen who were not proper dealers in such sort of
goods." Whereupon it was ordered that in future every Candidate
before Examination should deposit with the Clerk as much money as
would be sufficient to pay each of the Governors and Examiners who
should be present six shillings, for them to lay out in the purchase of
such gloves as they should see fit. On the 10th December, 1725, the
glove money was raised from 6s. to \os. 6d.
The real secret of the above order, no doubt was, that there
were such a great number of surgeons coming up for examination from
time to time, that the Governors and Examiners got less money and
more gloves than they wanted.
26th April, 1723. It is ordered that Mr John Douglass Surgeon and a fforeigne
brother of this Company shall be admitted into the freedom and I.ivery of this Company
and be discharged and acquitted from holding or paying any fine for his freedom or
Livery, or for all or any offices to the Parlour door as a Compliment to him for
introducing the new method of Cutting for the Stone and to express the sense this Court
hath of the usefullness therof.
4th September, 1724. William Turner Barber who was sumoned at the last
Court for letting blood appeared at this Court and owning his practiceing Surgery and
insisting on his right and sufficiency so to do This Court doth order that the Clark do sue
the said Turner for letting blood and practiceing Surgery contrary to the Statute of 32.
Hen: 8: Cap. 42.
2nd October, 1724. At this Court Thomas Cooke was examined for a fforreigne
Brother But being found insufficient he was rejected. Note he lives in Duck Lane
Publishes Bills as a Quack pretending to the cure of the Venereall disease, but he being
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 353
examined touching the cure of that distemper in particular and being found to know little
or nothing of it, the Court directed him to take down his Surgeon's sign and not to
practice for the future on pain of being sued upon the Act of Parliament and Company's
Charter.
1725. The following seems somewhat inappropriately placed
amongst the dinner accounts for this year.
%$* Charges to be Paid by the Masters and Stewards of Anatomy for
Procuring a Body besides the Dinner at ye Viscera Lecture.
s. ti.
Horsehire - 2 6
For a Coach - 6 o
For expenses in fetching the Body 2 6
To the Sheriff's officers 1 3 4
To the Beadles assistant - 1 o
For Washing the Body 1 o
For a Coffin 5 o
To Parson Ground Clark and Sexton 5 10
To the Bearers 2 o
Funeral expenses - 2 6
For a certificate - o 6
The Clark's fees - 100
The 2 Beadle's ffees 10 o
For a Link - - o 3
To the Chairwoman 5 o
.£3 7 5
14th October, 1726. At this Court Peter North Boatswain of His Majesty's
ship Cornwall was viewed for superannuation and pretended to be afflicted with deafness
& the Gout. But the Court being of opinion that his deafness (if any) was occasion'1 by
wax in his ear only, which might be cured by syringing, and not being satisfy'1 that he had
the gout, The Court did not think fit but that he was capable of further service at Sea.
At this Court one Chambers surgeon in Duck Lane was examined touching his
Skill in Surgery in order to be made a /foreign brother, but appearing to be a stupid
ffellow & a sort of a Quack who gave out Bills, and not being able to answer a question
the Court rejected him.
2 Z
354 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
17th February, 1727. The Navy Board having, on the 1 6th
inst., written to the Master and Wardens enclosing a copy of an
anonymous letter which had been received, charging the Examiners
in Surgery with partiality, and with qualifying incompetent persons as
Navy Surgeons, the Court seem to have taken the matter up in a high
spirited manner, and returned a long letter setting forth their practice
in conducting the Examinations, referring in detail to the particular
case alleged against them, and indeed made a most excellent and
satisfactory defence. The correspondence is very lengthy and full of
detail, much reference being made to the work carried on by the
Company for the public service without fee or reward.
7th March, 1727. It is ordered That for ye future when any apprentices are to
be bound to Surgeons they shall be called in & be examined by themselves touching
their skil in ye Latin tongue.
7th April, 1727. James Ripoult a Frenchman was called in but not speaking
English nor being naturalized the Court did not think it proper to examine him.
5th October, 1727. John Jacob Sax being a Prussian by birth & not naturalized
nor understanding English The Court did not think it proper to examine him.
William Miles recomended by Lord Torrington & examined but seeming to
know nothing of Surgery was rejected.
i6th January, 1729. A Petition was drawn up by the Court
for presentation to the King, setting forth the Company's right to four
dead bodies of felons yearly to be obtained at Tyburn, and that of
late divers riotous persons had wrested the bodies from the Company's
Beadles at the place of execution. The Court declared that these
proceedings were greatly to the detriment of the study of Surgery,
and also set forth the services which the Company rendered to the
State, by examining Surgeons and their Mates for the Royal Navy,
viewing their medicine chests and instruments, viewing all such
c/liuials of the Barber-Surgeons. 355
officers as are wounded in fight at Sea and for superannuation,
and they conclude —
Your petitioners do therefore humbly pray that your Majesty will be graciously
pleased to permitt and direct That a ffyle or Two of yr Majesty's ffoot Guards shall upon
application to the Commanding Officer attend the publick executions from time to time
to guard and assist your Peticoners Beadles in the taking away so many dead bodys
yearly as are granted unto your Peticoners by the said Act of Parliament or otherwise to
releive your Peticoners in such manner as your Majesty in your Majesty's most gracious
wisdom and condescension shall think fitt.
The Company seem also to have applied to the Court of
Aldermen again for assistance in this matter, for, on the 7th March
following, it was ordered that 2,000 copies of two orders of the Lord
Mayor and Court of Aldermen, dated respectively 4th February and 4th
March, should be printed, and copies fixed up at Newgate and other
public places on the road to Tyburn, some time before any execution,
and also that the said orders should be inserted in the London Gazette
and other papers.
4th April, 1729. Peregrine Compton Rejected being fuddled & not answering
a question.
1st February, 1732. It was ordered that any extraordinary
cases of Surgery appearing in the journals of the Sea Surgeons should
be copied out into a book, as well as any others which might be
reported to the Governors, and the same be laid before the Court of
Examiners, from time to time, for their direction as to whether the
same should be published. This book, if it ever existed, is not now
in the Company's possession.
15th August, 1734. It is ordered that from henceforward a Silver Medal not
exceeding the value of a Guinea with a proper device upon each side of it to be made
and presented at the end of the year to each of the Demonstrators now chosen and
to the Demonstrators for the time being as an acknowledgment for their trouble in
performing such Demonstrations.
2 Z 2
3 56 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
These medals by a subsequent order, were to have a represen-
tation of Holbein's picture on one side and of Inigo Jones' Theatre on
the other, but they do not appear to have ever been struck.
It was customary at the Demonstrations of Anatomy to provide
specimens of parts of animals, presumably for comparison, as appears
by some of the expenses incurred, e.g., in 1732 : —
To a sheeps hart & kidney 006
A sheeps hart and lights - 004
2 Bullocks eyes - - - o o 4
and the following is the Beadle's Bill at the dissection of a female
malefactor in 1735 : —
For a board to lay her head upon
0
0
4
For a board to shew her liver upon -
0
1
0
For two bullocks eyes
0
0
4
For four sheeps eyes-
0
0
4
For a quarter of soap
0
0
15
For hogs brissels - -
0
0
1
For a new spunge -
0
0
3
For Borrowing a Hone to set the Instruments -
0
0
3
For Sticking up the Bills -
0
2
6
For nine days attendance at 2s 611 pr Day -
1
2
6
£1
7
H
4th February, 1735. Under this date is an entry of a long
letter from the Commissioners of the Navy, complaining of the want
of skill in a Surgeon, whereby great mortality had ensued on the ship
Newcastle ; the Court examined the Surgeon and his Journal and
considered that there was nothing to find fault with as regarded his
proficiency in Surgery, and that the sickness among the ship's crew
required skill in Physic rather than in Surgery, moreover they declared
that the Physician at Greenwich examined the Navy Surgeons as to
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ^j
their skill in Physic and not the Barber-Surgeons' Company. The
Clerk was directed to write to the Commissioners to this effect, and
to state that the Company did not consider themselves answerable
for any man's want of skill in Physic.
A long letter dated 5th February was accordingly written
and is set out in the Minute Book. The Surgeon complained of
was Thomas Middleton, son of Mr. Henry Middleton (the oldest
Member of the Court) and it appears that he had been fully
examined and qualified.
29th September, 1735. The following order touching the
vexed question of dead bodies was issued by the Sheriffs : —
cJEonoon to Witt
In Pursuance of an Act of Parliament made in the Thirty second
year of King Henry the Eighth and of an order of Sessions hearing date the eighth day
of July in the Fifteenth year of our late Sovereign Lord King Charles the First Sir
Maurice Abbott Mayor. ~g$cc do order and command our Officers who are entrusted
with or attend the execution of such Malefactors as shall be to dye at any time hereafter
during our Sheriffalty to deliver to Henry Gretton and William Littlebury Beadles of the
Company of Barbers and Surgeons of London or such other Officer or Officers as the
Company shall appoint, One of the Bodys of the said Malefactors from time to time for
a publick Dissection and to assist them with the said body to their Hall according to an
Order of the Court of Aldermen of the Thirteenth of February 1675' Sir William Hooker
Mayor and to two other subsequent Orders of the Court of Aldermen one bearing date
the fourth day of February the other the fourth day of March 17282 Sir Robert Baylis
Knight Lord Mayor.
Given under our hands this 29th day of September 1735.
Jn° Barnard
rot godschall.
' 1676 N.S. - 1729 N.S.
35 8 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ist June, 1736. It is ordered that the Constables of the Holborn Division shall
be allowed Three Guineas and a halfe above the Guinea already paid them in regard to
their expences at the last execution, when the Body was taken from the Beadles and
retaken by the Constables and the Clerk is ordered to repay the same But the Clerk is
not to pay the officers of the Compter the Two guineas usually received by them at
every execution.
24th September, 1741. John Thrift the Executioner this day attended on a
complaint made against him by the Beadles for obstructing the Bodys being brought
from Tyburne to the Hall for dissection and threatning to prevent the Company's
measures for obtaining the same, when after he had been reproved, was Dismissed,
But the Court then agreed (in order to prevent his intended proceedings) to
attend the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen that they may on complaint made
be releived therein.
1 8th December, 1 741. Ordered that the High Constable of Holburne be
allowed Ten shillings and sixpence as his ffee for every Body that shall be brought from
Tyburne and delivered at this Company's Hall and for his aiding and assisting the
Company's Beadles therein and not otherwise.
10th February, 1742. The Court either forgetting or ignoring
their order of 7th May, 17 13, now ordered that Mr. William Skelton,
a proctor in Doctors' Commons, who had for many years past received
five guineas annually as Caveat money (being Registrar of the Bishop
of London) and "pretended to be allowed him by this Company on
account of his Lordship's Grant for the Prohibiting of Surgeons to
practice within his Diocese be no longer entitled to such fee untill
such time as this Court shall be better informed of the nature of his
right of demanding the same."
23rd November, 1740. Great consternation prevailed at the
Hall in consequence of a malefactor who had been hung at Tyburn
having revived when brought here for dissection. The account of
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 359
this remarkable occurrence is recorded by the Clerk, Mr. Joseph
Wheeler, on the last page of the rough Minute Book 1 738-1 742, and
is very interesting. From the record of his trial at the Old Bailey
(see Sessions Papers) Duell appears to have been ana outrageous young
scoundrel. A popular impression prevails, and frequent currency has
been given to it, that Duell subsequently made a fortune abroad and
out of gratitude to the Barber-Surgeons for saving his life, presented
them with the handsome leather folding screen now in the Court
Room, the best answer to which is, that the screen in question is
referred to in the Company's Inventory some thirty years previously to
Mr. Duell's visit to Tyburn.
Mr. Wheeler's account is as follows —
November the 23d' 1740.
This day W"1- Duell (who had been indicted at the Old Bayley for a Rape and
had received sentence of Death for the same) was carryed to Tyburne in order to be
executed where having hung some time was cutt down and brought to this Company's
Hall in order to be dissected where he had not been five minutes before Life appeared in
him & being let blood and other means used for his recovery in less than two hours he
sat upright drank some warm wine and looked often round him and before he was carryed
back to Newgate which was about Twelve o'the Clock at Night he severall times
pronounced distinctly the word Dont when anybody touched him though was thought to
be mostly insensible of anything but paine which in a great measure he endured by his
most violent screamings & was often in strong convulsions in his bowells which he then
exprest by applying his hands to those parts.
The Sheriffs having ordered him back to Newgate he was carryed out in a
blankett putt into a Coach & was seemingly much composed & quiet not making any
manner of noise wherein 3 or 4 days time he recovered sufficient to converse & eat &
drink very freely but never could give any reasonable account of what had passed. He
afterwards obtained a reprieve in order to be transported for life which he was accordingly
in the 16th year of his age. ( Vide his Tryall in the Sessions paper of that time.)
J
60
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The Wardens' accounts give the following particulars relative to
this case : —
£ s. •'■
Paid the Beadles their expences in bringing the last Body from Tyburne 2 19 o
Paid the Officers of the Two Compters 220
Paid Joseph Wheeler the Company's Clerk his Coach hire and ex-
pences in attending the Sheriffs when the Body came to life - - o 10 o
Paid the Chairwoman for her trouble and expences about the Body -050
A somewhat similar account of the foregoing circumstance will
be found in Maitland's London (ed. 1756), Vol. I, p. 613, and also in
the Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. X, p. 570.
SURGICAL LECTURES AND
DEMONSTRATIONS.
HERE are many references
throughout the books to the
Lectures and Demonstrations
of Anatomy at our Hall, as
well as indications that from
the period of Incorporation
(1462), if not earlier, the Com-
pany took care to provide for
the professional education of its
members and apprentices, and
to increase their proficiency in
Surgical science.
In addition to the Examiners in Surgery (who though not
necessarily members of the Court of Assistants were often consulted
by the Masters or Governors) there were chosen " Masters and
Stewards of the Anatomy," generally two Masters and two Stewards,
The initial letter T is reduced from one in the Audit Book, 1612-13.
362 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
on whom devolved the duty of conducting the Demonstrations, and
arrano-ine- for the Dinners which invariably followed. The exact
duties of these officials are not at all times clearly defined, though
elsewhere will be found allusions to, and orders concerning their
offices and functions, but it may be generally taken that the Stewards
dissected and prepared the body, the Masters reading the Lectures
thereon to the assembled Surgeons and their apprentices.
These Demonstrations usually took place four times in the year,
and were termed " Public Anatomies," from the fact that the subject
was generally a public body, i.e., a malefactor, and the attendance of
the free Surgeons was compulsory on these occasions ; besides these
Public Anatomies, there were also an indefinite number of " Private
Anatomies" held at the Hall, and at these the attendance was by
invitation. It was illegal for any one to dissect a "humane bodye"
within the limits of the Company's jurisdiction without the permission
of the Masters or Governors, and whenever a Surgeon was desirous
to anatomatize some specially interesting subject, it was termed a
"Private Anatomy," and generally performed at the Hall by per-
mission, the Surgeon inviting his own friends and pupils, and the
Court inviting whom they chose. (See the curious entry as to a
Private Anatomy, page 321.)
Besides the Demonstrations of Anatomy, public and private,
there were several other lectures delivered (oftentimes once a week) by
members of the College of Physicians and members of the Company ;
two of these, which were trusts, the Arrisian Lecture and Gale's
Anatomy still survive I believe, at the Royal College of Surgeons ;
the others were provided by the Company out of their corporate funds.
Among some loose papers at the Hall, I found a MS. relating
to the lectures, which I lent to Mr. D'Arcy Power, who incorporated it
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oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 363
in his work, as "Appendix M." I have since compared this document
with the original minutes, and finding it .somewhat incorrect and im-
perfect, have prepared the following more accurate account.
Previous to 1566 Dr. William Cunningham was Reader at
the Hall. He was author of the " Cosmographical Glasse containing
the pleasant principles of Cosmographie Geographie Hydrographie or
Navigation," London, 1599. fo. Dr. Cunningham resided at Norwich
1556-9, whence he removed to London. He wrote a letter pre-
facing John Hall's book against the " beastlye abusers" of Surgery,
which is dated at Coleman Street, 18th April, 1565, and he also wrote
a recommendatory letter in Thomas Gale's " Certeine workes of
Chirurgerie," London, 1586. 4'°-
14th January, 1567. Here was mr doctor Julyo & he made request yl he myghte
have the worke of the anathomy these iiijor or fyve yeres so y' the coledge of the
phicysions sholde not put hym frome us & also y' he myghte have p°vat anathomyes at
his demaund in this howse.
16th January, 1567. <&o}u tf>at doctor Julius borgarneyns shall make owr
anathomyes.
JUso fox bcx move §f i)s ovbaqtieb. That Mr Julius borgamiens doctor in
physyck wlhin the Cytie of London unto his request accordyngly Is graunted That for and
by the space of fyve yeres shall make and worke o\vr anathomyes and skellytons
Condycionally That at any Tyme and tymes wthin in the for saide terme of fyve yeres y'
yf yt happen the above named m' doctor Julius borgarneins to be sycke or oute of Towne
or by any other manner his Lawfull absence That then yt shalbe Lawfull to and for the
mr and gov°nors and yr successors To take any other doctor and make owr anathomyes
and skellytons and not ellf other wyse as by a paire of Indentures and Covenant^
bearynge date frome the xiijth daye of August in an" dn! 1566 and in the viij"1 yere of
owr Sov'aigne lady Quene Elyzabeth as by the same Indentures more at large yt doth
testefye the one beyng sealed w'" the Seale of the mystery and the m' and govWs for
the tyme then beinge have subscrybed yr names & markes and unto the othr Indenture
the saide doctor Julius burgarniens hath subscrybed his name & have put yr unto his seale.
3 A 2
364 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
$soxv> tljaf the anathomystf shall Leave of theyre Excessyve and
extraordenary charges in yr expencf
Jlfso vt is {&vbai?neb. That John morland shall abyde and stande Mr of
the Anathomye accordynge unto an ordenaiice in that behalf pvyded and Ordayned, and
he also shall beare his portion of the Charges of the same accordingly as hertofore yt
bathe bene usually acostomed and yt is fully condesended and agreed that the saide
John morelande shall in and for good consideracio of his silvered yeres, set and Requyer
any one of this saide Copany To make Sexcions \v,h the doctor as hymsylf and in his
behalf upon the saide Corps or bodye and yf he wyll Jln6 ctfso forder more yt is
ordayned by thaucthorytie aforesaide That hereafter the saide mr and stewardf of the
anathomyes shall not brynge in theyre accomptes any moiiy by them or any of them
spente or layed forthe at the Tavernes or ellf where at theire sondry metingff but the
mere and only exspencf defrayed and paide oute for the Cates and other necessarys
at the hall p°pared for the same tyme and not ellf othenvyse And also the saide
anathomistf shall frome hence forwardf put of and laye aparte theire Sooppars' and
all others yr wastefull and excessyve charges and exspencef by the wch theire accomptf
amounteth unto the greter Somes. And also John Staple upon his humble request
made is lycenced not to be stewarde in this yere, and m' bovy is chosen and admytted
to be stewarde of the saide anathomy and shall also p''cede to mr of the nexte2 unto
order accordyngly.
17th January, 1575. It was agreed by this whole howse that mr docto' Smythe
sholde wo'k upon Thannatomye for the space of thies iiij yeres next coming and yf he be
sick or oute of the Towne to take there choyse where they will.
20th December, 1577. Mr Thomas Hall to desect the Anatomies.
Thomas Hall (see pp. 183, 187) was a Member of the Court
of Assistants, and a brother of the John Hall referred to on p. 314.
1st July, 1596. Mr Doctor Paddy ys chosen to be the desector of or Anathomies
yf yt shall pleas him to accept of the same And also xx^ ys geven yerelie to the
Anathomistf more then they were accustomed to have in regard that suche Doctor5
of Phisick as shall associate the said Mr Docto' shalbe invited to dyner at the good
liking of the masters or governo'5 from tyme to tyme.
1 Suppers. '- i.e. , proceed to be Master of the Anatomy next year.
oAnnals of the- Barber-Surgeons. ^63
23rd November, 1609. Att this Court upon the motion made by Sr William
Paddy Knighte and at his earnest request and suite made to this Courte and uppon the
surrenderinge up of his place which he held for the redinge of the Anathomyes lectures
for discection thereof It is by a generall consent of the whole Courte agreed That
Mr Doctor Gwyn doctor in Phisicke shall from henceforth possesse his place in the Hall
for readinge of the discection of the Anathomy Att such tymes and when as any such
shall happen or be.
28th March, 1610. This day wee had the bodie of one to
descect for an Anotomy & Mr Docter Gwyn did reede upon the same.
17th September, 1612. This daye itt is ordered (upon a motion by the Mr
propounded touchinge that one of the Colledge shold read in this howse the weeklie
lectures of Surgery on Tewsdaies) That the M" shall conferr with M" President of the
Phisitions Colledge to see whether they will give Consent that Mr Docto' Davis or some
other sufficient phisition whome the company shall please shall read the weeklie lectures
in or howse And yf the president & Colledge shall not consent thereto then this howse
is to deale & compound with some other of our owne company to read their lecture in
this howse whereof ye Mrs are to make certificatt unto the said M' President And to take
such order that the howse maye not in anywise be charged towards y° same Lecture.
6th October, 161 2. This daie upon the motion made of Mr Doctor Gwyne to
be lecturer Itt is by this Court ordered that the said Mr Doctor Gwyne shalbe reader of
the weekelie lectures of surgery wch the said Mr Doctor accepted of In Consideracon
whereof the Mrs have allowed unto the said M' Doctor Gwyne an yerelie paym' of x1' to
contynew soe long as he shall be reder of the lecture.
19th September, 1616. Mr Doctor Gwyne is by this Court ordered & entreated
that he wold proceed in his reading of o' lectures out of Gwydoes Surgery.
13th December, 1627. Alsoe this daye or M' propounding to this Courte that
where as Mr Doctor Gwin our lecturer is lately dead by reason whereof wee are destitute of
a lecturer it is very expedient either to choose a Doctor to Reade our lectures on
tuesdayes or every Surgion in his turne according to his antiquitye to reade his lecture as
formerly the Surgions of this house hath bene used, whereupon deliberacSn being had it
is by this Court fully concluded and agreed that our weekely lectures shalbe reade
according to the auncient custome of the Companie by the Surgions of our Companie
approved according to lawe and that it shall begin with the auncientest Maister M"
Richard Mapes and soe after every Surgion in his antiquitye and degree in the Companie.
}66 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Alsoe it is further ordered that dureing the tyme of reading of such lecture none
of the audience shall interrupt or question the reader till the hower be runn out, and the
lecture ended, at which tyme it shalbe lawfull for the Mrs and Wardeins and the examiners
then present (if any error have bene comitted by such lecturer) to question such reader
and to make manifest wherein he hath erred.
23rd October, 1628. Alsoe this daye Mr Doctor Andrewes is freely and loveingly
chosen to be our reader at the next publique Anathomye to be holden in this Hall.
9th April, 1632. Alsoe this Court takeing into their considerations the greate
care and paines of Mr Doctor Andrewes in his agitaccins and yearely readinge of our
lectures in tyme of the discections of the publique Anathomyes for this fowcr yeares past
doe nowe order that there shalbe given him xiij1' yj* viijd as of the free guift of this house
for his paines therefore.
i6lh June, 1632. And as concerning the order for reading of lectures in
Surgerye by an approved surgion of this Companie, this Court did againe deliberate upon
the same and every one of the Assistants declared his opinion therein and the pluralitie
of voyces was to have lectures read by the approved Surgians of this house according to
our ordinances and not by a Doctor of phisick.
20th December, 1632. Alsoe or Soveraigne Lord Kinge Charles his Letter
directed to this Court was here openly reade and thereupon this Court in all obedient
duetye and loyaltie to or soveraigne Lord the Kings pleasure signified in that letter doe
make moon of Mr Docto' Andrewes to be the weekely lecturer in surgerye for or Companie
upon such Court dayes as wee are accustomed to keepe.
28th December, 1632. This daye was reade in Court the letter directed to
or Mr from Mr Richard Andrews Docto' in Phisick whereby he doth desire to be excused
from reading or weekely lectures in Surgerye, & thereupon this Court did goe to a new
election, takeing notice of Mr Alex: Reade Docto' in Phisick approved by the Colledge
of Phisitians London whoe was bredd a Chirurgian in ffraunce and hath bene a long time
free of or Companie did make choice of the said Doctor Reade to be or Lecturer in
Surgerye at such dayes and tymes as by order of Court is formerly ordered by this Court.
And this Court doth further order that ev°y Surgian in the Lecture bill shall yearely
paye towards the reading of such Lecture a certeyne some p^ticulerly, and that all those
moneys gathered being cast up to a totall some shall out of the stock of this house be
yearely made up xx" compleately for the said Doctors Readeing.
tiAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 367
Among a collection of old books on Surgery, in my possession,
is a small quarto by Dr. Read (dedicated to Thomas, Lord Windsor,
who was free of the Barber-Surgeons) and entitled : —
The Chirurgicall Lectures of Tumors and Ulcers delivered on Tuesdayes
appointed for these exercises, and keeping of their Courts in the Chirurgeans Hall
these three yeeres last past, viz. 1632, 1633 and 1634. By Alexander Read Doctor of
Physick, and one of the Fellowes of the Physitians College of London. London 1635.
28th December, 1637. Upon the riseing of the Court of Assistants it was
concluded & agreed by the Examiners and Assistants Surgians that Mr Doctor Meverell
an auncient Phisitian of the Colledge shalbe Reader of o' Anatomicall lectures at the
next publique discection to be held in the new erected Theater.
8th November, 1638. It is this daye ordered by the M's or Governo" Surgians
and the Examiners and Assistant Surgians here present ys afternoone that there shalbe
pnnted as the guift of this Companie to Mr Doct. Meverell a peece of plate w,h the
Companies Scutchion ingraven thereon for his paynes in readeing at or last publiqe
Anatomye in the new Theater before the Lords of his MaliM most honoNo privye Councell
& others Spectators in the time of those 3 dayes readeings.
And in regard the said Docto' Meverell doth desire to be spared from reading
any more the said Mrs or Governo'" Surgians & the Examiners & Assistant Surgians do
make choice of Mr Doct. Prujeon to be their reader in Mr Doct. Meverells roome.
19th August, 1 64 1. It is ordered that henceforward the Tuesday Lectures
shalbe delivered by the Surgeons of this Company themselves and not by a Doctor
and that the Examiners shall meete and consider of the manner.
23rd September, 1641. The Tenn Examiners are desired to meete & consider
concerneing Lectures on Thursday next and in regard of the present sicknes this Court
doth order that noe Tuesday Courts or Lectures be held till after the fortnight within
the next terme.
30th September, 1641. This day Mr Lawrence Cotton, Warden, Mr Serjeant
Clowes Mr Richard Wateson Mr Woodall Mr John Heydon Mr Heath Mr George Dunn,
Examiners of Surgeons takeing into theire Consideracons the manner of the reading of
Lectures in Surgery have thought it fitt and ordered That the Surgery Lectures should
be read by approved Surgeans only and the Lecture to begin by the first Surgeon that
>
68 z/lnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
is approved next to the Examiners and soe every one by his turne to read the Tuesdayes
Lecture and every one to have a preceeding moneths time of warneing or notice to
prepare himselfe for such Lecture as he shall read.
Alsoe It is thought fitt the publique Anatomy 6 Lectures shall this yeare he
read by Doctor Prudjeon.
5th May, 1642. It is ordered that Doctor Chamblent shall have a silver
tankard of vj" price with Armes of the company ingraven in it as the Guift of this
Court for his paynes the last publique Anatomy.
17th January, 1644. It is ordered That in respect of the greate troubles and
distractions of these times there shalbe noe publique Anatomy this yeare discected.
27th October, 1645. This day Mr Edward Arris acquainting this Court that
a person a friend of his (who desired his name to be as yet concealed)' through his
greater desire of the increase of the knowledge of Chirurgery did by him freely offer to
give unto this Corporacon for ever the sum of 25011 to the end and upon Condicon that
a humane Body be once in every yeare hereafter publiquely dissected and six Lectures
thereupon read in this Hall if it may be had with Conveniency and the Charges to be
borne by this Company And if noe humane Body may be had nor conveniently dissected
in one yeare then the Company to destribute One halfe of the Sum of the usuall Charges
of a publique Anatomy to our owne poore and the other halfe to the poore of S'
Sepulchers, the said worthy Overture is thankefully accepted by this Court And it is
Ordered a Draught be drawne by our Clerke against the next Court of Assistants for the
performance thereof And to that purpose a Rent charge of xx1' p° annum be granted
out of our Lands at Holborne Bridge.
24th November, 1645. ^'1's Court taking into Consideration in what manner
the publique Bodyes hereafter shalbe dissected and by whome that Anatomy which is
now newly about to be established shalbe performed Doth thinke fitt and soe Order
That the present Mrs of Anatomy or such others as shalbe appointed by the two Mrs
Surgeons for the time being and the more part of the Examiners shall performe the same
and that the manner of dissections of every publique Anatomy shalbe such as they the
said Two Mrs or Governo'5 for the time being and Examiners on the more part of them
shall direct.
' It was the worthy Alderman Arris himself.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 369
30th January, 1646. The draft deed of settlement fur the
Arrisian Lectures was brought into Court and (6th February, 1646)
approved ; but it appearing at the next Court that there was some
technical difficulty as to the names of the feoffees it was remitted to
the donor's counsel.
20th February, 1646. This Court doth agree That the Deed of an Annuity
formerly granted to the use of the new publique Anatomy be made for 24'' upon the
Consideracon of 3001' And it is promised by Mr Arris on the behalfe of the Donor That
if the 300'' shalbe restored within 12 yeares he or his Heires shall grant unto this
Company for the same use the like sum of 241' p. Annum out of some of his Lands or
Tenements And doe nominate and appoint for ffeeoffees Mr Dunn Mr Collins M' Kings
Mr Pinder Mr ffleete Mr Arris Mr Boone and Mr Bennett.
24th March, 1646. This daye Mr Edward Arris payd the sum of 3001' to the
use of this Company and is the purchase money for the Annuity of 24'' p° annii for the
use of the new publique Anatomy Whereupon the Deed of Grant of the said Annuity
and for establishing the said new Anatomy was sealed with the Coirion Scale and
1 >clivered to the Donor and the scvcrall ffeoffees intrusted in that matter.
In consequence of our later Minutes being lost, it is not possible
to say precisely how this trust came to be varied and increased, though
from the House of Commons Journals (see p. 160) it can be con-
jectured almost to a certainty to have been as follows : — Within twelve
years from the date of the original grant (say in 1658) the Company
returned the ,£300 to Alderman Arris, and he thereupon settled upon
them a rent charge, not of ,£24 as he had promised to do, but of ^30
per annum payable out of some of his houses. He seems however,
subsequently, to have had good reason to believe that his only son
and heir, Dr. Thomas Arris, M.P., would give the Company trouble
in the matter of the settlement, and so, on the 29th February, 1676,
he requested that his deed of grant might be given up to him cancelled,
and that he should in return give the Company ^510 absolutely and
free from any trtist, save only an honorable understanding that the
)-/o cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Anatomy Lectures should be continued. This was done, and after his
death (which happened 28th May, 1676) the Company were involved
in a Chancery suit with Dr. Thomas Arris who endeavoured, though
unsuccessfully, to recover possession of the ,£510.
17th July, 1646. Whereas 300'' hath bin worthily given to this House for the
Discharge of all expences to be layd out in and about a publique Anathomy to be hence-
forth had yearely for ever Betweene the ffeaste of Michaelmas and Christmas in every
yeare "And for that Doctor Prudjon who formerly read the Anatomicall Lectures hath
desired to be excused from reading the Lectures on the next Anathomyes to be dissected
betweene Michaelmas and Christmas next This Court doth think fitt That Doctor Wright
be desired to performe the same And that the Mrb of the Anatomy for the time being
When the said Anatomy shalbe dissected do alwayes in theire severall & respective times
of Mrs of Anatomy dissect the said Anatomy And this Court doth thinke fitt That the
dissection of the said Anatomy be of the Muscles of the Body But that the manner
thereof be left to the Judgement of the Reader and the Dissectors.
2 1 st September, 1646. Our Mr acquainting the Court that Doctor Prudjon and
divers other learned Physitions have recomended Doctor [John] Goddard as a Man
well qualifyed and very able to reade the Anatomicall Lectures This Court doth Order
That Doctor Prudjon be requested to performe the Lectures On the next publique
Anatomy himselfe But if he shall Deny it That then Doctor Goddard Or such other as
Doctor Prudjon shall thinke more fitt be desired to read the Lectures.
23rd October, 1646. This Court doth Order That all the approved Chirurgeons
according to Law shall appeare at all publique Anatomyes for the time to come in a fflatt
Capp upon the penalty of 3s 4d and all the rest of the Livery in a Hatt.
24th December, 1646. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the Mrs
or Governours and Assistants nor any of them Nor any of the Mrs or Stewards of
Anathomy doe invite or enterteyne any Guest at any of the Three Dinners to be had
within this Hall at the next publique Anatomy Or at any other publique Anathomy
betweene Michaelmas and Christmas in any yeare hereafter But doth consent & Order
That Doctor Prudjon be invited to the said Dinners Anything aforesaid to the contrary
Notwithstanding.
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. jji
7th January, 1647. Whereas this Court is well satisfyed That Doctor Prudjon
is desireous to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall Lectures This Court doth
Order That Doctor Goddard be desired to performe the same.
15th February, 1647. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the
Tuesday Lectures be againe revived and read by Chirurgeons ffreemen of this Company
in their turnes according to theire authority' in the Livery. The eldest Assistant
Chirurgeon to read the first Lecture and that to be On the first Tuesday in May next
and the other to be from thence monethly and noe oftner viz1 The ftirst Tuesday in ev0y
moneth Provided Nevertheles That when as any such Tuesday shall not be within the
time lymitted in and by an Order of a Court of Assistants of ix"1 August 1632 in that
behalfe Or shall happen to be on any the dayes thereby excepted That then every such
Tuesday be noe Lecture day.
The order of the 9th August, 1632, above referred to, was as
follows —
Alsoe this daye this Court for removeing of uncerteinties & setling of one certeyne
course and forme for Courts to be kept on yr Tuesdayes in every yeare doe now upon
deliberacon had, order that from henceforth for ever hereafter there shalbe Lectures reade
& Courts held in the Comon Hall of this Companie at such dayes and times in every
yeare annually as hereafter followeth viz' on every Tuesdaye wdI shalbe betwixt Michaelmas
daye and the Tenth daye of December, On every Tuesdaye betwixt the ffeast of Epiphanie
and Palme Sondaye, on every Tuesdaye betwixt Easter holydayes and Rogactin weeke,
on every Tuesdaye betwixt Whitesonday holydayes and the last daye of Julye. Provided
alwayes that if it shall happen any of the aforesaid Tuesdayes to fall out to be either on a
holydaye or one a holydayes Eve That then every such Tuesdaye to be noe Court or Lecture
daye Provided alsoe that the Tuesdaye in the weeke next before the Lord Maiors daye
and the Tuesdaye in the weeke next before the Publiqe discection of Anatomye and alsoe
Shrove tuesdaye to be noe Court dayes.
29th March, 1647. This Court doth explaine the Order of the last Court of
Assistants (15th February 1647) concerneing the Tuesday Lectures That it is the
meaneing of this Court and this Court doth accordingly Order That the said Lectures
be read aswell by the ancient Mri Chirurgeons and Examiners in theire course as by
any others.
1 A clerical mistake for " antiquity," i.e., precedence.
3 j 2 aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
23rd September, 1647. This Court takeing notice that Doctor Prudjon desireth
to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall Lectures to be had betweene Michaelmas
and Christmas next But wilbe ready hereafter to serve the Company in that kind Doth
therefore freely chuse Doctor Nurse for the reading these Lectures and Doth order That
our Clerke doth attend him and desire his answer therein And this Court doth further
Order That the present Masters of Anathomy may dissect the first publique Anathomy
and in the meane time may have a private Body.
nth January, 1648. This Court at the Suite and request of Mr Daniell Worrall
Mr William Molins Mr Thomas Woodall and Mr Thorpe Chirurgeons of the Cloathing of
this Company Doth grant That they or any of them joyneing the M" & Stewards of
Anathomy privately desect in the Coirion Hall of this Company and not elsewhere a
humane Body executed as a Malefactour that they or any of them may procure ffor the
bettering theire Judgement and Skill in Anatomy, Provided That they at theire owne
proper Costs doe defray and disburse All the Necessary & accustomed Charges ffees &
Duties belonging to a private Anathomy.
14th January, 1648. This Court doth Order That there be a publique Anathomy
this yeare and doth chuse and desire Doctor Nurse to read these Lectures and inasmuch
as Doctor Prudeon doth desire to be excused ffrom reading hereafter this Court doth
Choose Doctor Nurse to be the constant Anatomicall Reader to this Company.
8th October, 1649. This Court taking into consideracon severall worthy
Physicians of whome one might be elected Reader of the Anatomicall Lectures at
the publique dissections of this Company Doe thinke fitt That Doctor Scarborough
be elected thereunto Who being desired to come to this Court appeared during the
sitting thereof and declared himselfe very willing to performe the same and rendered
thanks to this Court for their good opinions of him.
We have at the Hall a fine portrait of Dr. Sir Charles
Scarborough with Alderman Arris engaged upon an Anatomy.
Dr. Scarborough was elected Anatomical Reader on the 12th
October, 1649.
'&
23rd October, 1649. The periodical lectures by the Surgeons
of the Company, which had again fallen through of late, were ordered
to be revived, and there is a long minute on the subject at this date.
z/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 373
27th February, 1663. Samuel Pepys records, under this date: —
About 1 1 o'clock Commissioner Pet and I walked to Chyrurgeon's Hall, we
being all invited thither, and promised to dine there, where we were led into the Theatre ;
and by and by comes the reader, Dr Tearne,' with the Master and Company, in a very
handsome manner : and all being settled, he begun his lecture ; and his discourse being
ended, we had a fine dinner and good learned company, many Doctors of Phisique,
and we used with Extraordinary great respect.
30th June, 1698. Ordrd that there bee an Anatomy Lecture called Gales
Anatomy. Dr [Clopton] Havers & Dr Hands being put in nominacon for reading of
the same Dr Havers was choosen for three yeares & to read on the second Tuesday
Wednesday and Thursday in July next by three of the clock in the afternoone & to have
thirty shillings for his paines & the remainder to bee disposed of by the Comitte.
14th December, 1699. Ordul the two D's- Readers to this Society for the future
shall bee elected for noe longer terme then fower yeares onely at one time Ord"1 by the
Court that Dr [E.] Tyson have liberty to lay downe [his office].
Dr Hans & Dr Havers were put in nominacon for Reader of the Ventera
Lecture in the roome of Dr Tyson, Dr Hans was chosen for fower yeares.
22nd April, 1708. Dr. Colebrooke and Dr. Thomas Wadsworth
put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (Gale's founda-
tion), when Dr. Wadsworth was elected for four years.
1 6th August, 1 71 1. Then the Court proceeded to the Eleccon of Readers for
the Muscular Ventor & Osteology lectures & I)r [Richard] Mead Dr ffreind & Dr
^Yadsworth the present Readers were unanimously chosen Readers of the said severall
Lectures for the four ensuing years.
17th July, 1712. Dr John ffreind was unanimously Chosen Reader of the
Muscular Lecture. And Dr Comer [? H. Colmer] was Chosen Reader of the Venter
Lecture for the next 4 yeares ensueing.
1 Christopher Terne, of Leyden, M.D., originally of Cambridge, and Fellow of the College of Physicians.
Ob. 1673.
374 nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ist October, 1712. Dr. Henry Plumtree and Dr. Douglas
put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (Arris's
foundation) in the room of Dr. Meade, when Dr. Plumtree was elected
for four years.
Dr. J. Douglas and Dr. Wadsworth put in nomination for
Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Wadsworth was elected
for four years.
15th December, 1715. Dr. Douglas and Dr. Marmaduke Giles
put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr.
Douglas was elected for four years.
Dr. William Wagstaffe and Dr. Hezekias Jones put in
nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe
was elected for four years.
13th March, 1 7 1 7. Dr. W. Barrowby and Dr. Stewart put
in nomination for Reader of the Ostelogy Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby
was elected for four years.
6th November, 17 17. Dr. Douglas resigned the Readership
of the Muscular Lecture, on account of a difference with the Masters
of Anatomy, and Dr. Plumtree was chosen in his place.
1 8th August, 1720. Dr. Wagstaffe and Dr. Barrowby put in
nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe
was elected for four years.
Dr. Barrowby and Dr. Thomas Jewrin put in nomination for
Reader of the Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby was elected
for four years.
Dr. Jewrin and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of
the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Jewrin was elected for four years.
c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons. ?7^
30th October, 1721. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Charles Bale put in
nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture {vice Dr. Barrowby
resigned), when Dr. Jewrin was elected.
Dr. C. Bale and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader
of the Osteology Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Bale was elected.
29th March, 1722. Dr. Bale being in France, and unable to
return for five months, Dr. Rutty and Dr. Sisterton were put in
nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Rutty was
elected.
20th August, 1724. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Rutty put in nomina-
tion for Reader of the Muscular Lecture in place of Dr. Wagstaffe,
when Dr. Jewrin was elected for four years.
Dr. Rutty and Dr. Robert Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader
of the Viscera Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Rutty was elected for
four years.
Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. John Deodate put in nomination for Reader
of the Osteology Lecture (vice Rutty), when Dr. Deodate was elected
for four years.
6th June, 1727. Dr. E Wilmott and Dr. Goldsmith put in
nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Deodate deceased),
when Dr. Willmott was elected.
15th August, 1728. Dr. Rutty and Dr. Wilmott put in
nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (vice Jewrin), when
Dr. Rutty was elected.
Dr. Wilmott and Dr. Lawrence Martell put in nomination for
Reader of the Viscera Lecture (vice Rutty), when Dr. Wilmott was
elected.
Dr. Martell and Dr. Goldsmith put in nomination for Reader
of the Osteology Lecture (vice Wilmott), when Dr. Martell was elected.
)j6 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
7th April, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Watts put in
nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Martell
resigned), when Dr. Goldsmith was elected.
13th August, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Francis Nicholls
put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture {vice Rutty
deceased), when Dr. Goldsmith was elected.
Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of
of the Viscera Lecture (vice Wilmott resigned), when Dr. Nicholls
was elected.
Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Watts put in nomination for Reader of
the Osteology Lecture (vice Goldsmith), when Dr. Nesbitt was elected.
Mr. Joshua Symmonds was chosen Demonstrator or Teacher
of Anatomy for three years.
5th March, 1 73 1 . Mr. Symmonds resigned through ill-health,
and Mr. Edward Nourse and Mr. John Belchier being put in nomination,
Mr. Nourse was elected.
17th August, 1732. Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Guy Ruffiniac put
in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (vice Goldsmith
deceased), when Dr. Nesbitt was elected.
Dr. Ruffiniac was elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture
(vice Nesbitt).
5th March, 1734. Mr. Nourse resigned the place of Demon-
strator of Anatomy.
15th August, 1734. Mr. Abraham Chovett and Mr. Peter
Maccullock were chosen Demonstrators of Anatomy.
17th September, 1734. A lengthy set of regulations for the
conduct of the Demonstrations of Anatomy is entered on the minutes
of this date.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. )j-j
17th July, 1735. Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Owen put in nomination
for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Ruffiniac resigned) when
Dr. Nicholls was elected.
19th August, 1736. Mr. Abraham Chovett resigned his place
as Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Mr. Peter Maccullock and Mr.
Ccesar Hawkins were elected Demonstrators.
Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of
the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Nicholls was elected.
Dr. Nicholls was also elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture.
7th December, 1738. Dr. R. Banks was elected Reader of the
Viscera Lecture.
1 6th August, 1739. Mr. Peter Maccullock elected Demonstra-
tor of Anatomy, which office he held until his death.
10th July, 1744. Mr. W. Bromfield elected Demonstrator of
Anatomy (vice Maccullock, deceased).
The following Will of Charles Whyte (Warden in 1535 and
1542) is interesting, as it furnishes a partial list of the books and
belongings of a Barber-Surgeon in Henry VI I Is time.
The Will is dated 3rd July, 1544, and by it testator desires to
be buried in St. Paul's Church Yard. He gives 20d' to St. Martin s
Ludgate, where he dwelt, for tithes forgotten —
Also I bequeathe to the Masters Wardens and felowsshipp of the barho'
surgons for theyr payne to com to my buryeng vjs- viijd- To Thomas Wanlon poticary
my beste Gowne furryd wyth black bugge. Also I bequeathe to Nicholas Archepolle
the Surgion twoo books of surgery thone ys borded and coverd wyth yelowe lether and
1 Probably, Nicholas Archenbold (Warden 1564, &c).
3 c
37*
^Annuls of the Barber-Surgeons.
ys named John of Ardren being wryten hande wyth Divers pictures And thother book
being coveryd wyth black lether having on thone syde the armes of England wyth a
rose paynted and one thother syde the armes of England and spayne being wryten hand.
Also I bequeathe to John Colman that was my prentyce my great black boke borded
and coveryd wyth black lether wher in is the boke of the harball and the shepardes
kalender wyth divers other bookf Also I bequeathe to M' John AYoodwarde my best
gowne furryd with foynes and to Mres Margaret Woodwarde his wif a gold ring with a
turkes1 that was Wyllyam Taylours or els fourty shilling^ in money. Also I bequeathe to
Robert Clerk my kynsman six barbours basins of latyn Item a kettyl wyth a cock
in yt to wasshe heddes wyth,2 a great pott of latyn. It. a nother great pott of pan
mettell wyth a cock in the botom, three barbours chayres, a lowe chest wyth holes in
the cofer .... Also I bequeathe to Robert Clerk and Wyllyam his brother all
my bokes of surgery and physyck equally to be devided betwene them yf so be they wyll
study the science of surgery. Also ... all my instruments being made of Iron,
style,3 coper, and brasse which belongethe to the science of surgery.
Query " turquoise.'
A primitive appliance for shampooing.
Steel.
UPPER WARDEN'S GARLAND.
MIDDLE WARDEN'S GARLAND.
WARDENS' AND OTHER ACCOUNTS.
HE Great Book of Wardens' Accounts has unfortunately
been kept in a clamp place, and the earlier portion of
it is severely damaged. The cover still indicates the
elaboration of the bookbinder's art, being stamped in
patterns with the portcullis ileur de lys and Tudor
rose ; opposite what is left of the first page is a
magnificently painted achievement of the Company's arms on vellum,
but this unhappily, is damaged.
The first page has rotted almost entirely away, leaving only the
upper left hand corner, on which there is an initial letter T illuminated
in the highest style of art, though this is also seriously damaged.
The accounts commence with those for the year 1603, the first
few pages are worn away, pages 7 to 36 are but slightly damaged,
whilst the remainder of this huge book is quite perfect and abounds
with quaint and artistic initial letters.
c 2
3&o
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The following is the reduced initial letter for the year 1610-1 1.
A&drfeti
1 603. The Wardens account for quarterage received by them
amounting to ^"4 175. 6d., this quarterage was 2s. for each freeman,
though some did not pay, and others had only paid 6d. or is.
£5 was received for the admission of six foreign brethren.
Twenty-five freemen were admitted, who paid $s- \d. each on
presentation.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 381
Eighty-nine apprentices were bound, each paying 2s. 6d.
The receipts for the rents from the Company's tenants
follow, viz. : —
£ s. d.
Holborn Bridge (14 tenements) 29 4 o
Conyhope Lane (Grocers' Hall Court) - 800
Walbrook (2 tenants) - 1500
Tower Street - - 500
Mugwell Street (4 tenants) - 11 13 4
East Smithfield (13 tenants) - 28 14 o
Swanne Alley (5 tenants) 17 6 8
Old Bailey - - 100
^115 18 o
The following is a verbatim copy of the remainder of this year's
accounts, and will serve as a fair specimen for the other years.
1603. — The said Accomptants doe aske allowance for moneys by them defrayed
w,hin the tyme of this p°sent accompt by the handes of M' Edward Rodes Second Governor
afores'1 for ordenary as [well as] extraordinary Expences as hereafter ensueth viz'- —
(Sr&mctrie expenses.
gnprtwis payd for the Awdit dinner - - vjM
Itm paid to the Butler for his fee then - - - iijs iiijfl
Itm paid to the Cock for dressinge of nyne messe of meate then - ixs
Itm paid to the Laundres then - vb
Itm paid to the Porter for his attendance - xij1'
Itm paid for the view dinner - xls
Itm paid to the Carpinter & Bricklayer then' - - iijs
Itm paid to the Stewardf of the Maior's feast - ... vj"
Itm paid to the Cock for dressinge of 14 messes of meate then • xviij5 viijd
Itm paid to the Butler then - - - vs
1 The Company's Carpenter and Bricklayer always accompanied the Masters on view days, to advise as to
the state of repair of the property.
382
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Itm paid to the Laundresse then
Itm paid for the hyre of o' Bardge -
Itm paid to the Clark & Sexton of the Churche of Garlick Hythe
when the Company toke barge
I tin paid for rushes & small cord
Itm paid to the Croner' for his fee -
Itm geven to the Bardgemen in reward
Itm paid for the Companyes seats in Powles1
1 1 111 paid to the Lo: Maiors officer for his fee
Itm paid to ffrancf Rowdon 3 for his fee p° Ann
Itm paid to the Porter for his fee p° Ann -
Itm paid him more in augmentation of his fee
Itm paid to John a Lee for his yerely pencon
Itm paid to the p°son4 of S' Olaves p° Ann-
Itm paid to the Clarke of that Churche - ...
Itm paid to the Scaveng' per ann
Itm paid to or Clarke for lanthorne Lyghte5
Itm paid to the Stewards of the Anathomy
Itm paid to the Clarke for white brushes & broomes
Itm paid for a Loade of greate Coales
Itm for a thowsand of Bttlettf
It in paid for small coles -
Itm paid for an hundreth of ffagottf
Itm spent uppon or tenant^ in potacon6 -
Itm distributed in Almes accordinge to the last will & testament of
Mr fferebras
Itm more distributed in augmentation of the same almes -
Itm allowed to the Mrs for the distributinge thereof -
Itm allowed to the Mre for gatheringe of the rentf
Itm paid to the Clark for pennes Inke & pap° -
Itm layd oute for herbes & flowers on the Election daye
Itin paid to the Bedell for his yerely fee
Itm geven to the Porter for his Attendance on the Election daye
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Parson.
1 Coroner. " St. Paul's. 3 The Company's Clerk.
The Clerk provided the Lantern over the Entrance in Monkwell Street, in accordance with the ancient
City custom of lighting the streets.
"Potation, i.e., drinking.
a/1 una Is of the Barber-Surgeons. 383
Itm paid to Mr Hilles' for his yerely fee - - xl
Itm paid to the Collectors for subsidye - - lijs
Itiii paid to Mr Stov/er for pnvision of come2 - v"
Itm paid to the poore of St. Olaves - xvijs iiij'1
Itiii paid to the preach' for his sermon on the daye of Election - - xs
Itiii distributed in money bred & byfe3 accordinge to M' Bankes last
Will & testament - - ..... m\
Itm for washinge of some linnen wch was used on the daye of Election xviij'1
Itm paid to the Clark for registringe of this Accompt - - - xxs
Some totafC of the ) T .„ ....
Ordenary expenct; is I
f&xtvaovbxnavxe ExpencC
gnpriwis paid for the use of sixe garnishe and twoe dozen of pewter
at the Awdit Dinner
Itiii paid for makinge cleane of the Hall then
Itiii geven by Consent to Erasmus Haunce a poore Strang'
Itiii paid to the Paynter for the Coockf apron4
Itiii paid to the Clark for Drawinge & engroseinge of the Indentures
of Covenaunt betwixt the Carpnt' & o' Mrc concerninge o' Buyldinge
in Easte Smith feild -
Itiii paid to M' Justice Wooddes Clark for the Recognizance ec for o'
lycence to buyld ....
Itiii paid M' Wood for his Advice then - - - -
Itiii spent at the hartes home uppon some of the committees when o'
M' & they toke advise concerninge Mr ffyneingf conveyance
Itiii paid to M' Hilles for his advise then - ...
Itiii geven to the Lord Maior's officer for his Attendance at the Awdit-
1 1 111 geven to Symon Parkinson in benevolence by consent -
Itiii geven in benevolence to Mark Criffeyld
Itiii paid for the wiflers staves5 -
Itm paid for cakes at the Maiors feaste
Itm paid for Clarret wyne then -
1 The Company's standing Counsel.
"The Company compounded with Mr. Slower at ,£5 per annum to provide the corn required by the City.
3 Beef. ' The Cook's apron was probably embellished with the Company's arms or crest.
3 The wands or staffs carried by the whifflers who headed the processions on pageant days, etc.
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384 a/hinals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Itfii paid for a Gallond of Muskadell- - iiij5
Itfii paid for half a dozen of Rolles vj
Itm paid for 2" of suger & for Cloves then ijs
Itfii geven to the musicons in reward then - - ijs
Itm geven to Mr Petersons folkcs then - ijs
Itm geven to the Bardgemen in reward - ijs
Itm geven to good wief Lee in benevolence - iijs
Itm geven to twelve torcheberers when the Maior went to meete the
Queene's Ma* - - xiijs
Itm paid for 3 dozen of torches then and a greate Lynke - - xxxvij5 iiijd
Itm paid to a poore man that helped to carry the staffe torches - - xijd
Itm geven to the beadell for his paynes - - xij'1
Itin spent on a supper uppon those that went to meete her Ma"e
beinge of or Assistant^ - - ... xlviij5 vjd
Itm geven to the maydes that dressed or supper then &: to a poore man ijs
Itm paid Mr Hill9 for his oppinion and paine taken aboute or ordinance x.\s
I tin spent on some of the Assistance then that went w"' the M" - ijs
Itm geven to Harbert1 in benevolence - ... xijd
Itm geven to Jo Smyth in benevolence then xijd
Itm geven them in benevolence at anoth' tyme - - ijs
Itm geven to Tho. Tholmwood in benevolence by ord1' ... xs
Itin spent uppon the Committees when they mett about the ordinance vjs ix'1
Itm spent the same nyghte at the bores head at supper when wee
deliv'ed or peticon to the queene .... xs iiij'1
Itm spent the 13"' of Decemb' at the bell at Westm' at dinn' when
the M's went to deliv' the peticon to the queene - - xvjs vj'1
Itm geven in benevolence to wydowe Barbor - xviijd
Itm to wydowe Norton - xijd
Itm to widowe Grew - - xij'1
Itm to wydowe Powell - - - xij'1
Itm to good wief Harris - - - xij'1
Itm to John a Lee - .... xijd
Itm to Markes Cristofeyld - - xijd
Itfii to John Smythe - - xijd
Itin to Robert Harberte - - xviij'1
Itin to Markf Cristefeyld - vj'1
1 The Beadle.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
&
Itiii to him at anoth' tyme-
Itiii to wydow Barbor
Itm geven to othr poore at the hall -
Itm geven more to wydow Barbo'
Itm geven more to wydow Norton - - - -
Itm geven more to John Smyth and Harbert by consent before Easter
Itm geven more to wydowe Norton at anoth' tyme -
Itm geven more to Markf Christofeyld
Itm geven to wydowe Smythe - ....
Itm geven more in benevolence to John a Lee -
Itm geven to Robert Harbert in benevolence
I tin geven to goodwyfe Norton in benevolence -
Itm geven to wydowe Barber in benevolence
Itm geven to John a Lees wief in benevolence -
Itm geven more to Markes Crisfeyld in benevolence -
Itm more geven to him at anoth' tyme - -
Itm more to him at anoth' tyme
Itm more geven to John a Lee in benevolence
Itiii geven to John Smyth in his sicknes & towards his funerall -
Itm geven Harbert in his sicknes & towardf his funerall -
Itm geven to Harbertf wyef in her sicknes & towardf her funerall' -
Itm geven to Harbertf Children in the tyme of their sicknes
Itm geven to a poore man at the Hall in benevolence
Itm geven to Mr Johnson for fayre wrytinge of the peticon to the
Queene - -
Itm spent when the M's went to Courte aboute the Companyes busines
the xviijth of November - - - ...
Itin geven then to a poore man
Itm paid for o' Seates in Powles churchyard on the queenes daye
Itin geven to the keeper of the Exchange for pullinge downe of
Mountebankf billes- - ....
Itm to M" Wilbraham Mr of the Requestes for settinge downe the
Queenes answere to o' peticon -
Itiii geven in gratificacon to his Clark
Itiii geven to M' Hilles for his advise uppon the same peticon -
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1 There was a great plague in the City this year — Harbert was the Company's Beadle.
'-' Quack doctor's advertisements.
3 D
jS6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Itffi spent uppon some of the Company that went w"' the Mrs then
Itm spent uppon Mr Peck Mr ffenton and oth'5 wcl' went to acquaint the
Lo : Keper w"' her Matics answere to the said peticon -
Itm paid to the Collect'5 of the fiftenes
Itm paid for ingroseinge of the breviat for the Lords -
Itm paid to the Counsellors man for his paines
I tin paid towardf the Butlers fee for the Anathomy -
Itm paid for 2 bottelles of sack that the Mrs sent for on the Maiors daye
I tin paid to the Collectors for 4'" fifteenes for cleansinge of the towne
dyche
Itm paid to the Collecto'5 of the kinges subsidie
Itm spent by consent uppon a supper uppon those that rode to meete
the kinge - - - iiij1'
Itm geven to the twelve wifelers then-
Itm spent in p^secucon of Rea the mountiebank before the Lo : Maior
Itm paid for a copie of the Kinges Commission and of Chauncery for
the hearinge of peticiins p°ferred to his Ma,,c
Itm spent in wyne and cakes on the Election daye
Itm for makinge cleane of the Hall then -
Itm spent uppon a supper on the Election daye of the Assistants by
consent - - xliij5
Iteffi geven to wydowe Barbor in benevolence and for washinge &
makinge cleane of the Lybrarye - Vs vjd
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Some of tfie e.xtordmary expencf
xxxvij " xvnj5 mj
amounteth in the wholl to the somme of )
Some tofaff as well of the ordenary i
as extraordinary expences Layd oute by the ( ... . „„d
handes of Mr Edward Rodes amounteth in
the wholl to the somme of
'fBfye fai6 Jlccounfcmfa doe aske allowance for money disbursed by the handes of
the said Mr Thomas Martin yongest Governor w"'in the tyme of this p^sent Accompt
for rentf and Repaeiins2 as hereaft' ensueth viz1
' The amount torn out in original.
■ Reparations.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
j
387
iiij"
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XXVJ'
viij
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vjs
viij
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^mmenis for Chiefe Rentf
and Annuities viz'
^npvurtir. paid to the Mre of Sl Kathines - - viij'1
and for the Acquittance - - iiij'1
Itfii paid to Mr Cannon for a quit rent for or land at Hoborne Bridge - Vs
Itfri for the Acquittance - ____.. iiij'1
Itfn paid to the Renter of the Bridge howse -
Itfii paid to Mr Parvis for or water p° aim - -
Itfii paid to Mr ffyneinge for his Rente
Itfii paid to M' Mapes for his Annuitie - ...
Sojiic of the Cheefe Rentf and ) ,. ,
xvnj" mi'' mi'1
Annuities paid out is I
c£ctt6 oxvtc for new buyldinges Repa'Tons and othr expencf as followeth viz'
§uprmtia paid to Hamlet Xpian' Carpenter by order of Court of
Assistant^ for the new buyldinges Easte Smyth feld and for othr
Repacons done accordinge to a p° of Indentures of Covenant w,h
that money wch before hee had received in earnest - - - xl'1
Itni paid to the smythe for an iron grate for the utf yard of the hall -
Itfii paid to the Plumbr & Pavier for mendinge the water pype at the hall-
Itfii paid for a planck to put under the leaden cesterne in the iner yard-
Itffi paid to the plumber for makinge of the same cestern -
Itfii paid to the Bricklayer for underproppinge the same cesterne
Itfii spent when Mr Wood & Mr Leacock went to compound w"' the
Bricklayer for or new buyldingf in Easte Smithfeild - - - vjd
Itfii spent uppon some of the Assistant^ wch went to Easte Smythfeyld
to compound w"' the Carpinter for the said buyldingf - - - iiijs vij'1
Itfii spent uppon the Mrs & Carpinters the 25"' of Septemb" - xv'1
Itfii spent uppon the Tyler and the othr workmen when we bargayned
them
Itfii paid to the Plumbr & Pavier for unstoppinge the pype that
bringeth the wat1 to the hall -------
Itfii paid to the Smyth for two peeces of Iron to hold up the Cesterne
in the back yard- - ...
Itfii paid to twoe laborers for scoweringe & clenseinge the well at
the hall - - ....-.-
xb
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Christian.
Z D 2
}88
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Itiii paid to the Goldsmyth for amendinge of the Corrector'
Itm paid to the Smythe for amendinge of the key of the Election
howse dore - -
Itm paid for sixe thousand of Tyles and for a quarterne of roughe tyles-
Itiii paid to the Bricklayer for makeinge the foundaeon of the new
buyldinges in Easte smythfeyld & for sixe hryck Chimneys -
Itm paid to two Laborers for 3 daycs woork a peece for rayseinge of
the flowers5 in the same houses at xijd per daye -
Itiii paid 2° Baskettf to carry rubbishe in - - -
Itm paid for 1 8 Lodes of gravell to raise the highe wey or causeway there
Itm spent uppon the Bricklayers for their dinnr when they layd the
foundaeon of the new buildinge -
Itm paid to a laborer for carryinge of gravell to Levell the Bridge
Itm paid to Peerson the Bricklayer for workmanship and stuffe done
uppon the new buyldinges as by his bill appeareth ■ -
Itiii payd to the Playsterer accordinge to his bargaine for woork done
there - - - - ------
Itiii paid to Hamlet the Carpinter for worke done there
Itiii paid to the Smythe for work done there as appeareth by his bill -
Itfn paid for a padlock for the greate gate there
ItSi paid to the Glasier for work done there as appeareth by his bill
Itm spent uppon the Mr Mr Wood and othrs that went to viewe the
same buyldinges after they were finished -----
Itiii paid to Harbert for mendinge of the Cushions
Itiii paid to the Glasier for work done about the hall -
Itiii paid to the Carpinter for settinge up the Scaffoldf of the
Anothomy & for mendinge of the same -
Itiii paid for 2" plankes to cover the well in the hall yard -
Itiii paid to the Plasterer for worke & repaciins done uppon o'
tenemtf in Easte smythfeyld -
Itm paid the Mason for free stones to cover the well at the hall & for
layinge thereof - - - - -
Itiii paid to the Plumber for woork done at the hall and for gutters of
leade for or said new buyldinges ------
Itiii paid to Mr Rudd for blew and Crimson taffata to make the kinges
banner as appeareth by his bill - -
11J X111J
xij"
vnj
vj"
v]s
vjs
VI lj"
Vj"
XIJ"
Vj"
XV11J
XVJb
xlv"
Vl}s
xxxvij5
iiijs
XXX'
ixb
lij"
■lj"
XJj"
xij'1
111J"
XIJ"
For whipping apprentices.
: Floors.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 389
Itiii paid to the upholster for fustian sowinge silke and for makeinge
the same - - xijs
Itiii paid to Mr Leacocke for 3 ounces & 3 qrs of greene & white'
silke fringe - - xs
Itm paid for a staffe for the banner - - x\''
Itfn paid to Mr ffrizemigefeyld for payntinge the bann' wtb kinges
armes in gold - - vj" xiij5 iiijd
Itm paid to the paviers for paveinge the waye to o' new buyldingf in
Easte Smythefeyld - - - iiij1' viijs xd
Itiii paid to the Laborers then - - vjs
Itfn paid to the Carpinter for makeinge of the shed ov' the pissinge
place at the hall- - - - xijs xd
Itm payd to the tyler for tyleinge of the same - - xs iiijd
Itm paid to the plaistere for his worke aboute the same - - vjs
Itm paid for an iron grate for the guttr there - xviijd
Itm paid the Joyner for mendinge the Cupbord where the plate
useth to be placed in the hall - - xvjd
Itm spent uppon the Carpinters when they sett up the gate postes
& the gate and Rayles in Easte smythfeld - xvd
Itm geven to wydowe Barbor for scowringe of or pewter - vjd
Itm paid to the Tyler for repactins done by him aboute the hall - ixs vjd
Itm paynter for payntinge the skreene in the hall and for varnishinge
the skreene postes & the banner staves xls
Itm paid for a newe register boke to register the Mr5 Accomptes and
to the Paynter for payntinge the Companyes Armes therein and
the firste greate Lett'- ... .... xxxvijs iiijd
Itm paid to the officers for whippinge a disobedient Apprentice - - vjd
Itm paid for 12 wifiers staves - - - - iijs
Itm paid to Hamlet Xpian3 Carpinter for takinge downe the old pale
in Easte smythfeyld over against Corners howse & for settinge it
up agayne & for more pales & Rayles and for removeinge the pales
belonginge to Hamlettf yard to inlardge the waye there - xxxijs
Itm payd to Bricklayer for stuffe & workmanship in underpinninge
the new buyldinge aforesaid and the house at the bridge end - vijs ix'1
1 These are the Company's " colours," and purchases of green and white silk and ribbons occur almost
every year in the accounts.
- This is the book from which these extracts are taken. 3 Christian.
390
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Xs
xxxvb
xxvijs
"js
Cxxiiij'1
Cxlij"
xls
iij-
Itm paid to the Bricklayer for Playses forges for underpininge his
howse and for underpininge the new pales there - - iij1'
Itm paid for serch in the office of statutes and recog to see wheth'
there were any fyne or recognizance passed whereby Mr ffininges
land to us p'Yerred to be sold mighte stand charged
Itm geven to Mr ffyneinge in earnest of the bargaine -
Itm paid to the Carpinter Plaisterer & bricklayer for seelinge &
foweringe' the brushmakers howse & for foot pases for the
Chimneys of bothe the newe howses -
Itm paid to the Carpinters for p°tinge- the gardens in Easte Smythfeyld
Itm paid for turninge & triminge of the tapistrye Cushions -
Itm paid to Isack the Carpinter for settinge the Companyes standinges3
in order & for repinge & augmentinge of the same
Itm paid to the Smyth for mendinge the Lock & key of the hall dore -
Itm paid for a padlock haspe & hinge for the Celler dore -
§>ome totall of the Buyldinges & Repacons is
Jomc totall of the rentes and Repacons togeth' is - L-'xlij" xiuj* vij"
§01111; totall of all the money chardged and received
within the tyme of this p°sent Accompt That
is to saye uppon the foote of this Laste yeres
Cxj1' xijs ixd- Also by the handes of Mr
Edward Rodes second Governor xlvj1' xvs viijd
and by the handes of Mr Thomas Martin
youngest Governor Renter Cxv1' xviij5 wcl'
sev°all sommes beinge added togethr doe
amounte in the wholl to the somme of- CClxxiiij1' vjs
Some fofciTf of all the money disbursed and
paid within the tyme of this p°nt Accompt That is
to saye by the handes of Mr Edward Rodes second
Governor Lxxxix'1 xijb iiij'1 And by the handes of Mr
Thoihs Martin yongest Governor Cxlij" xiiijs vjd
which said sevr,all soiiies beinge added togeth' doe
amount in the wholl to the sonie of - - - J
CCxlij" vj1 xjd
nij"
nij"
xij°
1 Ceiling and (qy.) flooring. - Tarting, i.e., dividing with a fence.
The Standings which were placed in the Street for the Company's use on Lord Mayor's Day.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 391
§>o trcsfcfB uppon the foote of this
p°nte Accompte besydcs the debt(J and
» r ~ , , )• xxxvj" xixs vj'1
Arrearages hereafter menconed the '
somme of
.
Then follows a list of arrearages of debts due from freemen
and others for fines and quarterage unpaid, with which the year's
account closes.
The accounts for the ensuing years are very similar to the
foregoing, and we shall now give sundry extracts of the more
interesting items to be found in them.
1603-4. Itm spent uppon a dinn' in the hall when the
Coronaeon of the Kinge was solempnized - - viju iiijd
Itm geven to the beadell for warninge certayne disobedient p^sons
to the hall - - viijd
Itm paid for or seates in powles church yard when we prayed for the kynge iijs
1604-5. Among various fines received this year occur —
Of Hughe ffell for not appearinge uppon summons - xijd
Of Willffi Patrick for not appearinge uppon summons - - ijs
Of Thomas Goodale for his fyne for not rydeinge w"' or M's to meet
the Kingf Malic - - xs
Of Nycholas Kellawaye for the Lyke offence - xs
Of Robert Money for his fine for geveinge evell report of a Broth'
of this Company - - Vs
Of John Udall for puttinge awaye his Appntice w"'out the Mrs order - xs
Of Abraham Renex for his fine for his absens from Lectures - - xs
Of John Carre for his fine to this howse for his evill practize in Surgery Vs
Of Barker Browne for hanginge oute Basons on St. Peters daye - xijd
In this and many subsequent years occur entries of io^. paid to
the preacher of the sermon at St. Olave's, Silver Street, on Election
day as well as is. to the Clerk of that church, and 6s. for herbs
and flowers.
3$2 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Item geven to the Beadell & Porter for serch for an hurt malefactor ijh
This would be a criminal wounded in some affray and who it
was suspected was concealed by a Surgeon to be cured of his wounds —
an offence against one of the Company's by-laws.
Item geven to the Beadell for his paynes for arrestinge Coates& Sebastian
Item paid for 2 whippes for correction
Item paid for 12 yardes of greene & white rybbin when o' Mrs rode to
meete his Matic ......
Item geven then to the Torch bearers to the Porter & for wannes"
Item spent the same night uppon a supper uppon the Ryders & their
wyves . - _ -
Item geven the Coock at the Winmill then
Item geven to John a Lee to buy him a shirt
Item paid for mendeinge the hower glasse -
Paid to or Armorer for scowringe of or Armor -----
Item paid for 3 vizors
1605-6. At this period the Court and Livery numbered
together but fifty-nine persons.
Item paid on the Lo : Maiors daye in the morninge for suger & Cloves
for the Burnt wyne - - - iijs ijd
Item pd for arrestinge of wydowe Ebbes an abuser of the Arte of Surgery ijs
Item paid for his Matf picture by order of Court of Assistant^ - - iiij"
iij'
iiijd
xiiij'1
vjs
xiijs
vjd
iij1' xiijb
xd
vjd
>f
vjd
xijd
lvf
vjd
vjs
1606-7. Twelve of the Yeomanry were this year taken into
the Livery, of whom eleven paid ,£5 each and the other £2.
1607-8. Fines were received : —
Of Xpofer Stopforth for settinge upp shopp before he had served one
yeare jorneyman --------- vjs viijd
Item of Thomas Allen for wearinge a faulinge band in his Lyverye - xijd
1 Wands.
nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 393
Falling bands (which are described in Planche's Cyclopedia of
Costume) were considered by the Court an " excess of apparel," then
rigorously suppressed. Thomas Allen, here referred to, was Warden
1 620-1-2, and was the first Master of Dulwich College.
Item of Andrew Wheatley for waytinge in his Lyverye in a hatt and
a faulinge band- - \'f
Henry John Bushe presented an Apprentice. This is noted
as being the earliest instance of a double Christian name in the
Company's books.
Item paid for 108 flemish ells of tapestrye the x.xvj"' of March at xs p° ell liiij"
Item bought a pece of Blacke buckaram to make Coote for correction
of Appf - - - xjs
This coat (popularly known as the "bulbeggar") was a garment
somewhat like a sack with apertures for the eyes and arms, which
was put over the head and body of the person appointed to flog
an unruly apprentice, who was thereby prevented from identifying
his castigator. See more fully as to this in the amusing foot note
on p. 423, Vol. I, of Herbert's Livery Companies.
Item paid to Braye ye informer the xj"' of Maye for 9 informations'
9 fees xxxs for drawinge the 9 informations and inrowlinge
xxijs vj'1 for 4 subpenas viij* and the Barons hand iiijb vj'1 - iij'1 vs
Item paid to the Joyners for the frames of the xxiiij chayres @ xxij'1 a pece ij1' iiijs
Item payd for 8 muscovye skynnes the 2 of June at xijs vj'1 a pece for
the makinge of the chayres- v'
Item payd for the frame of a chaire for the maister - vf
Item payd to Blanye for makinge upp yc coate for correction of
Apprentices - - ...... viijs
Item paid to the uphoulster for making upp all the chayres and fynding
some thingC to them as appeareth by his bill xix"' of June - vj1'
Item paid the xxxth of June for xix yardf of greene Kerseye for curtaines
at 4s vjd the yarde - - - iiij" Vs vj'1
Item paid for a fair wallenut tree table - - - viij1'
Item paid for a Clocke bought the second of August - - - v1'
' Against persons practising Barbery or Surgery and not free of the Company.
3 e
394 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The new room in the Bulwark, which formed the upper end
of the Hall where the Master sat, was built at this period, the
accounts containing many items of payment for Builders' work
connected with that room.
1608-9. The rents received this year for the Company's
property at Holborn Bridge, Conyhoop Lane, Walbrook, Tower
Street, " Mugwell " Street, East Smithfield, Moorfields and Swan
Alley amounted to ^130 ijs. 4.1/.
Item paid to ye Shrife's officer for his attendaunce to carry Humphry
Gorston & \Vm Wright to the Counter ' ijs vjd
Item paid to the Clarke for making cleane the hall - ijb
Item for moing the grasse in y" backe yard & Cariing away- - xxd
Item for weedinge y" Stone yard and making it cleane - xijd
1609-10. Item paid for seatf in Paules Church yarde on
the daie of Cowries Conspiracye - - - iijs iiijd
This day (5th August) was for some years observed in thanks-
giving, to commemorate the escape of James I from assassination by
the Earl of Gowrie (see Chambers' Book of Days, Vol. II, p. 178).
Item gyven to a poore broosen boye - - - xijd
Item paid to the mynister of Garlick hill church for reading service
on my lord Mayors daye - ... ij> vjd
Item paid for bread and beere for the Bargmen in the morning before
wee went out - ..... . jjjjs
Item paid to the Drummer and ffyfe - - xvs
Item paid to the Cornettf - - ... Xxxjs
Item paid to Mr of the Barge - - - - iij"
Item gyven to the maydes where wee take boate - - ijb
Item gyven to the sexton of the churche ... - xijd
Item gyven that night to the Bargemen to drincke - - - ijs
Item paid for drinck fetched to the Barge - - - - xvjd
Item paid two Taverne Billf that daie - ij'1 vijs ixd
Item gyven to the Mayde of the howse by Consent - - - xij'1
Item paid for Cakf and Roles - - - - iiijs
' Compter in Wood Street.
iijs
iiijd
Vs
vj'1
ijs
yjd
etc.,
was
c/ltinals of the Barber-Surgeons. 395
Item paid for .1 Lanthome to hange out before the hall Gate
Item paid for cuttinge of the vyne & for nayles and Lether -
Item paid for a Roome to laye Gees goodes in and for Carryinge thereof
the distresse to the hall and spent upon the Constable when I made
The power of distraint for non-payment of fines,
granted to the Company by their By-laws, the warrant was signed
by the Master and executed by the Beadle, with the assistance of a
constable.
161 2-13. Item paid for herbes at sev'all lymes on tewsdaies
Courtf to strowe the house - xij'1
Item paid the n"'daie of September 1612 for washinge of the pictures xxjs
1615-16. Laid out about obteyninge of the plate & follow-
inge the Theves - - - - xu xixs iiijd
An account of this robbery, and the apprehension and execution
of the thieves, will be found on p. 208.
1616-17. For mending the great bible
161 7-18. Paid for Torches Ribbins & Whifrlers staves the
xv"' of September when the masters went to mete the Kinge
Gyven unto Thomas Shaw to release him out of Prison
To Presson' in his last sicknes at severall tymes
Gyven by order of Court to apparell Presson's sonne -
Paid the rent of the Water -
Paid unto Browne the Armorer for his yeares fee
Paid for two spitt wheeles & mendinge the Jack
Paid for a dore in East Smithfeild & mendinge the pryvie howse bords
16 1 8-19. Paid for sending childeren to virgynia
This sum would not send out many children ; for a notice of the
Virginia scheme see p. 121.
Paid for our seatf on the daie of thankfgyveinge for the Recovery of
his Ma,ics Sicknes - - iij' iiij'1
Paid for Mr Aldermans Picture - - - iij '
This would be a portrait of Alderman Proby, Master in 161 5,
and Lord Mayor in 1622.
' Preston was the Porter or Under Beadle.
3 E 2
vjd
xixs
iiij'1
XXXs
XXs
xxijs
XXX*
xiif
iiij'1
xviijd
Xs
vj'1
if
396
c/liwals of the Barber-Surgeons.
For a muskett furnished sent to Ireland xxiijs
1619-20. P'1 for sendinge the childeren to virgynia - ijs
1620-21. Paid by precept towardf the disburseinge of the
5000" gyven to the Palsgrave ' - xxx1'
162 1-2. Paid unto the Clarke of the Ironmongers for a
Copie of the Irish accomptf & the Acquittaunce
Paid for sendinge childeren to virgynia
Item paid for three black Jackf of leather -
Pd for mendinge the Rapper of the hall gate
1622-3. Gyven by a Court of Assistant^ unto the Clarks
maid towardf her marriage - - - ij'1
Paid by consent for a noyse of Trumpetf on the Lord Maiors daie
Sir Peter Proby was Lord Mayor this year.
1623-4. Received of the Companie of Ironmongers for the
Irishe plantacon being or p°t of the 5 division - xj'1
vju
vju
XXVs
ixb
Vj"
HE Recorder had a yearly "fee"
of £6 in this and many subsequent
years, most probably to secure his
friendship towards the Company.
In 1623 occurs the last entry of
the Company keeping "Cowries day."
1625-6. Received of John
Pinder for his comeinge into
the Livery who hath byn once
Warden of the Yeomanrye - xP
Of Edward Charley for his comeinge into the Livery haveing not byn
Warden of the V-eomanry - - - - v1'
Paid to Thomas Bourne a poore Scholler by order of Court iij'1
Every year about this period is an entry for wooden Trenchers,
generally a gross of them, and the cost about 6s.
1 Frederick V, Elector Palatine — son-in-law of James I.
The initial letter T is reduced from one in the Audit Book, 1623-4.
cAimals of the Barber-Surgeons. 3 97
There are also many entries for "boat hire"; whenever a
journey was taken it seems to have nearly always been on the river,
and only on rare occasions is horse hire mentioned.
1626-7. Given by order of Court amongst miserable poore
people - - - xlb
The cost of obtaining the Charter this year, as appears by the
detailed account amounted to ^168 igs. 8c/.
1627-8. Paid unto to Mercer for Taffitaes to make the
banners streamers and Ancient - - xviij1' vjs viij'1
Given the worke men that made the flaggs to drinck - - - ij>
Paid Mr Babb and Mr Withers uppon consent for their painting the
Auncient 2 Streamers 2 bannors and 10 bannorettf and the
quarter for Scotland in the kingf armes and likewise for painting
those flagg staves - - - xv'1
Paid for silke and fringe for the flaggs to M' March in Cornhill - vijb vjd
Given by consent to a poore souldier that shewed a Mandrake to this
Courte - - Vs
The root of the mandrake is said to bear a resemblance to the
human form, and the "poore souldier" was not disappointed when he
thought that by laying such a professional curiosity before the Barber-
Surgeons, he would receive a benevolence.
Paid unto the Chamfalaine of London for the Kings use as by precept ccclx"
Paid and disbursed for takeing downe and carryeing of King Henrye
the 8 picture to White hall for the Kinge to see and bringeing it
back and setting it up againe - - - xijs
James I in 161 7 borrowed this picture, his letter demanding it is
still at Barbers' Hall, and it would appear by this entry that his son
Charles did the same ; the wonder is that we have still got it, after
running two such risks.
1628-9. Paid Mr Greene the Gouldsmith for the silver and
makeing of 4 new Garland^ as p° bill - - - - xx1'
yp8 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
;;'i
These Garlands, the most elegant in the City, are still worn by
the Master and Wardens on Court days.
ffor an hundred of sweete briers xiiij" for rosemary if violettf and
strawberryes iiif and nayles ij'1 - - - iif viijd
Imagine sweetbriar with rosemary, violets, and strawberries in
a garden in Monkwell Street in this present year of grace !
1629-30. Given to Mr Greenelmry painter for new amending
Mr fferebras picture and to his man for bringing it home- xb vjd
Spent that day wee attended Sr John Cooke secretarye of State as
concerneing one Dupont a frenchmen recomended from the Lordf
of the privey Councell to practise in the cure of the pockf - vij'
Given to Mr Secretary Cookes man upon the returne of or answere to
him of Duponts insufficiencye in the cureing the pockf ij:
Given to Edward Downes a poor barbar by order of Court - x
Given by order of Court to John Blackwell barbar toward^ his losse
by fier at Wood streete corner - - xl
Paid in December to the Gardner for 2 daies worke cuting and
nayleing the vines - - ...
Paid for a dozen of double woodbines and 25 sweete briers
Paid to a woeman for 3 dayes weeding the gravell and Stone walke
Paid to William Brice for 4 daies at ij5 vjd -
Paid to him for halfe a daye wch he grumbled for
1 630- 1. In this year the trades of the masters binding ap-
prentices are recorded, there being 48 barbers, 22 surgeons, 9 tailors,
5 diers, 1 drawer, 3 butchers, 1 merchant, 1 sempster, 1 grocer,
1 thridman, 1 brewer, 1 stocking seller, 1 sheeregrinder, and 26 un-
classed ; these latter were most probably either barbers or surgeons.
Given to Edward Pardoe and his wiefe lieing in prison - - xs
Given to Marshall Petoe for his elegies on Mr Banckf his funerall daie
by order of Court - ... ... x*
Petoe was a City poet who wrote a dirge upon Queen Elizabeth,
and a few other not very cheerful compositions.
if
viij'1
ixs
iiijd
if
viif
Xs
f
iif
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. jgg
163 1-2. This year the Livery fines were raised, those who
had served the office of warden of the Yeomanry paying £7 and all
others ^10.
Of the masters taking apprentices this year, 55 were barbers,
31 surgeons, 15 tailors, 8 dyers, 3 stocking sellers, 3 button makers,
1 button loope maker, 2 chaundlers, 1 sempster, 1 butcher, 1 carpenter,
1 bookbinder, 1 wheelwright, 1 glass seller, 1 grocer, 1 merchant, and
1 was unclassed.
Paid for our Dynner the 14th of June and other Expencf for those
Assistant^ that attended the Lordf of the Councell when the
Phisitians complayned to have obteyned the viewinge of or
Pacients in daunger of death
Paid to a Smith for mending and refreshinge of the Clock -
Paid for 8 fyrre poales to beare up the vynes
Paid for Nayles and Prymeinge the Vynes -
Paid for 3'' of plaster of parris - - ixd
1632-3. This year the sum of ^343 is. $d. was expended in
the erection of a Gallery and a Granary over it in the Inner Stone
Yard, the Granary being for the storage of the City corn. The
details of all the expenses about this business are given and the
following are a few extracts therefrom :—
imprimis paid to Thomas Doorebarre Tymberman for a C of
Deales at 71' 10s the C and 18 Loadf and 27 foote of tymber at
36s the Load as p° bill xl" xvf vjd
Paid to the Tumor for turneing the 6 great Collumbs at 9s a peece as
p° bill - liiif
Paid alsoe to the Turner for turneing 4 postf & 25 ballisters for the
stayres as by bill - xvjs
Paid to Thomas Stanley Mason for squareing and layeinge of 630 foote
of old stone in the Gallerye the stone stepps to the Granary the
Capitalls and pedistalls of stone in the fronte the 6 bases the large
sonne dyall & the little dyall as p° bill - xl1'
xlvj'
Vj'
XVs
»?
viij'1
»y
viij'1
400 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Paid to John Jeames Carver for Cuttinge the Companyes Amies in
stonne - ...... . iiij1*
Paid to Nathaniell Glover Uyall maker for paynting the great Sunne
Dyall the Companyes Armes in Stone & layeinge in Oyle Collour
the inscripcon of the Mr and Wardens names the sume of - - iij" xs
Paid to the Cittyes Bricklayer to viewe the foundacon of o' Bricke wall
to the Granarye --------- jjjjs
Paid to John ffowler Bricklayer for tyleing 9 ten foote squares & 1
quarter & tenn foote at 1 8s a square & for 9 Roddf & 5 1 foote 1 o
ynches of bricke worke at 6'1 the Rodd & for 5 Rodd & 119 foote
9 ynches of the lower Bricke worke at 4" the Rodd cometh to - lxxxv" xiijs ij'1
Paid to Thomas Aldridge Plasterer for 155 yardf of lyme & hayre layd
on the Brick walls at 3d ob ' the yard And for 312 yardC & 6 foote
of lathed worke layd with lyme & haire at 9d ob. the yard And for
whiteing & sizeinge that worke wdl was more then the Bargaine
As by bill appeareth --------- xvj1' xviij5 iiijd
Paid to Edward Spencer Plumber for 52C 3 quarters and 1 pound of
lead at 14s the C 541' & a half of Sauder at 9'' the pound And for
Plumbers worke & Carriage of the Lead as p° bill - - - xlj1' iijs iiijd
1633-4. Given to Mondayes widow whoe p°sented
a guift to this Courte The booke of The Surveigh of London
beinge in folio - - - xxxs
This was the widow of Anthony Munday, the author of many
City pageants, and of the Edition of Stowe's Survey, which his widow
" presented " to the Court in exchange for 30s.
Given by order of the 29 Aprill to the Keepers of The xchaunge to
put downe Mountabanck bills - - - xs
These were quack surgeons' advertisements ; the Royal
Exchange seems to have been a favourite place for their exhibition,
as there are various other entries to a like effect.
Paid to Mr Treswell Harrold painter for the amendinge & paintinge of
or fflaggf that were torne and ruyned by the weather as p' bill - iiij1' vs
1 ob. = ubolus, a halfpenny.
aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 401
s
corn."
The following entries relate to the Company's "provision of
Paid for a Bushell a halfe bushell a Peck and a lialfe peck measures
and bringinge them to the hall - - xjs iij'1
Paid for a Roape for the Jynn - vjs v'1
Paid for a great Iron Beame & Scales to weyghe Corne - - xxvjs
Paid for new Leaden waightf waighing CCC1' viz1 5 halfe hundrede
waight 1 quartern 1 halfe quarterne 1 seaven pounde 1 foure
pounde 1 twoe pounde 1 pound 1 halfe pound & 1 quarter of a
pound waightf at 16s 8d p° C. comes to Is
Paid for a Skreene for the Corne xjs
Paid for a sacke for that Skreene iijs
Payd for the Carryage of the great Skreene for Corne wcl' the Companye
did not like of - - - ijs vj'1
Paid for twoe hand treys to sell meale by in ye m'ket - xvj'1
Paid for a Ballattinge boxe & Bullettf - - xls
Disbursed in chargf about the 4 Condempned Lancashire woemen that
were brought to or Hall by the Kingf Comaiind to be searched
the sume of xs vj'1
These women were examined to ascertain if any were pregnant,
that if so their execution might be stayed.
1634-5. Paid to Sr Willin St. George Herrauld at his gen°all
visitaton for the severell Companies Armes in London the sume
of iij" vj5 viijd as his ffee & xxs amongst his Clerkf - iiij" vjs viij
The Company paid £\b " ship-money " this year.
Paid to the Clocke Smith for mendinge the Clock iij*
This entry is curious, being the transition name of a trade ;
the blacksmiths were originally the clockmakers (see p. 399) ; here we
have the " clock smith" and later on the " clock maker."
The records obtained from the Guildhall and the Tower to
which reference is made in the following extracts, and which are
3 f
402 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
preserved in a vellum book (still in the possession of the Company)
were made by William Colet, here called " Colley." The record
from the Tower has been already fully referred to on p. 29, etc.
Paid for searchinge in the Threasury at Guildhall and for a Coppy of
Richard le Barbars beinge chosen Mr to governe the Companye
for one yeare Intrat in Libro C. folio 96, and in the second yeare
of Edward the Second Also in Libro H folio 73. Thomas Boyvell
& Willm Osney sworne Mrs for one yeare to rule the Company in
the first yeare of Richard the second - xs
Paid the ffee for search in the Roles in the Towre of London for the
Companies antiquitye - Xs
Paid for a Coppy of or Companies auncient Ordynances out of those
Roles The Eleaventh of Richard the second xijs vjd
Paid to Mr Colley at twoe tymes for his extraordinary paynes in
searchinge - - - xs
Paid to Mr Riley for his paynes there- - ij5 vj'1
Paid & given for a search & Coppye out of the Herrauldf Office of our
Companies beinge the 17th in precedency at their visitacon 1568 - xs
Given to the Porter at the Herrauldf office that day or hearinge was
betwixt us and the Talloughchandlers - - if vj'1
1635-6. Spent when Mr Inigo Jones the Kinges Surveyor
came to view the back ground. - xjs vjd
Given to Mr Mason that drew yc plotf for yc Theater - xls
1636-7. In the previous year ^480 had been paid in respect
of the building of the Anatomical Theatre and this year a further sum
of ^242 1 ys. \d. This was exclusive of the cost of digging for the
foundations which the Company did by their own labourers, whom they
paid \bd. per day each. It was the practice of the Company to allow
ea.ch workman engaged, whether labourers or mechanics, id. a day for
" breakfast money," and this was paid to the "chandler" for them.
Amongst the expenses incurred about the Theatre were these : —
Spent by water at tymes when wee went to Mr Surveigher (Inigo
Jones) about the Theater - - vjs jl1
oAniials of the Barber-Surgeons. 40)
Paid to Mr Wilson a Mason to Measure Stanleys worke in the Theater
& spent then - - - xiijs ixd
Given to Robert Butler and John Pullen for their measureing the
'Theater - xl5
The expenses connected with the Building of the New or Great
Parlour, and the Gallery next the Theatre, were this year ,£263 Js. yd.
Paid to widd Lucas for an iron money box for the Mrs - xxs
This quaint old box is still in use as the " Poor's box."1
1637-8. The Wardens received ,£188 10s. orf. from 41
members of the Company by way of gift to the Building fund ;
the names of the donors are all set out in the book.
Reced for the old Rustic Armo' and Gunnes the some of- - if xvf ijd
Pd for Linckes & torches at the awdite day night & Lo : Maiors day night ijs iijd
Paid for mendinge and pitchinge the 3 Blacke Jacks - - - - iij5
The Company paid £30 being three years' contribution to the
repair of St. Paul's, due August, 163S. ^224 os. 3c/. was also paid in
respect of the building of the Theatre.
1638-9. 15Be charge and settinge upp or bookes and
auntient Manuscript in or new Library.
Paid for 36 yardf of chaine at 4d the yard & 36 yards at 3d ob. the
yard cometh to - - - xxif vf
Paid to the Coppersmith for castinge 80 brasses to fasten the Chaines
to the bookes
To porters at sevr'all tymes to carry these bookf
Paid to the bookebynders for new byndinge 15 bookf
Paid for Claspinge 19 large & small bookf & fasteninge all the brasses
to the iron chaines to Threescore & foure bookf in the Library,
new bosses for two great bookf 8s setting on old bosses js
mending ould Claspes if ------- xxxf viif
Paid for makeinge Ringes swiffles & fittinge all the iron chaines - - xif
g>om is vf xviif
xiif
iiif
'f
xlviif
vf
See head piece to Chapter on " Charities."
3 F 2
404 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1639-40. Paid 2 fifteens towardf Midletons water' - vjs
Given to the Recorders Clerke that the ffrenchmen might not take the
body from Tyborne - - - - - ijb vj'
1 640- 1. Paid to the Tellers of the Exchequer in 8h" 1640
for yc Kings use ----- 400 o o
Paid and given to Mr Davies man ijs and the water men and Porters to
bring King Charles figure in Brasse to the hall - - 046
This Bust of the King was set up in the Theatre.
1 64 1 -2. There were seventy-three liverymen on the roll this
year, and the Court numbered thirty-three in addition.
Paid to Edward Cock Painter for mending the pictures & frames of Queene
EH3. Sr Peter Probye Sarjeant Balthrop and blacking Gilding Apollo - 120
pisDurscfc at the Kings enterteynem' in London the 25"' of November 1641.
Paid for a peece of rich Taffitae to make a pendant - - - - o 18 o
P'1 for Greene Perpetuana for the 1 8 ffootemen - - -940
P'1 for white lace to sett on those suites - - - 1 1 1 4
P'1 for white and greene ribaning as by bill - - 3160
~PA in the morning for buttred sack 8s buns 3s butter 3" ijs beere <S: bread 4s 0170
Pd for the Companies dinner at the Castle that daye 680
Pd to Mr Berisford taylor for making 6 suites tape & thread - 120
Paid to Mr Ball taylor for making 12 suites ------ 240
P' to Mr Treswell the Harrould Painter - - - 2 12 o
P'1 for the Pendaunt Staffe and 18 trunchions - - -090
1"' to a porter to watch the standings and candles - 036
to workemen to drink - -006
ffor making 18 greene flatt capps - 0180
ffor 3 dozen of torches that night - - - 2 8 o
for hier of three blewe clothes and porteridge - - 0166
To Richardson a porter ------ - 020
Paid by consent towards the 18 ffootmens suppers - - - - 100
Paid for John Perkins his scarfe that beare our Pendant with our Coate of armes 100
Paid Mr Dorebare Carpinter for boards and setting upp and taking downe
and cariage of our standings - - ---480
Smme is - - 39 17 10
' The New River water.
c/ln mils of the Barber-Surgeons. 405
1642-3. Paid into the Chamber of London for Ireland - - 400 o o
Paid into the Committees at Grocers Hall for releife of Ireland - 5000
Paid the Companies viij" weakly assessment for 12 weekes - y6 o o
Paid the 9"' August 1642 for one Silver Canne given to Docto' Chamberlaine
for his anatomye Lecture vj1' and to the Porter that brought things
from thence js & to Docto' Meverells man js when he sent Cafferius
Placentitis his booke of Anatomye wch he gave to the Librarye - 620
Paid for 60 yards of Chaine for bookes in the Librarye at 4A p. yard - 100
Pd to the Copper Smith for 60 brasses - -0100
To the Claspmaker for setting on 32 brasses - 080
1644-5. Wee charge ourselves with foure hundred and five pounds
received of Sr Iohn Wollaston and the rest of the Thrers at warres by
order of the Comiltee of Parliam' for the Army for furnishing xxvij
Chyrurgians Chests & Instrumt5 for S' Thomas ffairfax his Armie - CCCCv1'
The Company were bound under precepts directed to them, to
press Surgeons for the Army and to provide them each with a Medicine
chest and Instruments value ^15. It is a remarkable circumstance
that the Parliament should have paid the money to the Company for
this service, a proceeding contrary to the practice then in vogue.
At this time it appears that the indebtedness of the Company
to various creditors for monies lent to enable them to meet the
demands of the authorities amounted to no less a sum than
.£2,633 4s- This was borrowed at 6, 7 and 8 per cent, interest upon
the seal of the house ; the Company had pawned the best of their
ancient plate to satisfy the rapacity of the King and the army, and
the following pitiful entry speaks volumes —
Paid for the hyre of 4 Cupps for the eleccon - 020
1645-6. Money was raised by granting annuities thus —
Wee charge ourselves with Twoe hundred pounds reed of Mr Nichas
Heath for an Annuitye of xxvj11 for term yeares - - - - CC'
Paid for one newe black Jack - 050
Paid for amending two old black Jacks 026
Paid for two douzen of sawcers 012 o
Paid for 15 dozen of Trenchers - 067
Pd the Lord Maiors Officers as a fine for the Rubbish lyeing in the Streete- 020
4o6 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
The indebtedness of the Company this year amounted to
.£2,847 1%s- loa'-
1646-7. ffor mending the Corrector twice - - - o 3 o
The apprentices must have been especially troublesome this year.
1647-8. Given to Richard Greenburye Workeman to this house
towards his inlargement out of prison - - - - 2 o o
Mr. Greenbury had often been employed by the Company
as a portrait painter, and it is delightful to notice their kindly regard
for him in both his and their evil days.
1648-9. In 1644 the Company had pawned their plate, but
seem to have redeemed it within the next year or two, for under this
year we read that plate to the value of £297 us. 8d. was absolutely
sold to Mr. Thomas Madox, Goldsmith, and other plate was pledged
with Mr. John Browne for ^250.
Paid for our seates in S1 Paulls Church on Thancksgiving day for the
Northerne Victorye - - - - 070
Paid for the same on a day of humiliacon for a blessing on the treatie
w'" his then Mat!e - ----070
1649-50. Paid for or Seates at Christchurch the Thancsgiving
day for the Irish Victorye- 030
Paid for cakes and ale for the Livery on that day at ye hall - - - 044
The expenses of Sorb ]2&cu?ov's day were as follows : —
Paid for Ribbon for the Whifflers Officers & Bargemen - - - - 144
ffor eight staves - ... -020
Paid to Edward Soare Barge Mr - - 3 1 5 o
Paid to the Trumpetts that came to the hall voluntarilye - - 0100
Given to the Clarke & sexton of S' James Church Garlick hith - - - 026
Given to the Porter at Baynards castle - ..... 016
Paid to the Drufne & Phiffe - ----- o 12 o
Given to the Watermen to drinck - ...... 026
More for beare for the Watermen ------ - 006
ffor 8 dozen of cakes & 3 dozen of other bread - - o 1 1 o
a/1 finals of the Barber-Surgeons. 40J
Paid for foure pounds of butter- ° 3 4
Paid the Grocers bill and Vinteners bill for a potaeon for the Liverye
in y° morning - 136
Given to the Servants of the Taverne - 026
ffor washing linnen & making cleane the hall - - - o 1 1 6
Paid the Butler for his attendance - - 0100
Paid for hyre for 3 dozen of Napkins - 040
ffor hier of Pewter - 0100
Given to the Stewards by order of Court - - 800
Paid for cords - 004
It was the custom for the Stewards to provide the Livery
dinner, and the ,£8 was an allowance made by the Company towards
the cost of the dinner.
Paid in exchange of clipd & counterfitt money - - o 16 6
Given by order of Court to wide} Morgan towards the apparelling her sonne
to bee placed an Appfitice 1 10 o
On the 1 st November, 1649, the Company attended a Thanks-
giving service at Christchurch, and later on they were present at
the same place for a " Humilation day for Ireland."
1650 1. Paid for a large Banner of the Amies of England and
Ireland and mending the old Banners 617 6
This "mending the old banners" was really taking out the
Royal arms and inserting those of the Commonwealth, and was done
under compulsion by order of Oliver Cromwell.
Paid to Greenburye for painting the Picture of M' Edward Arris and Doctor
Charles Scarborough & Anathomye - - 9 10 o
This fine picture is preserved at Barbers' Hall.
On October 8th, 1650, the Company attended a Thanksgiving
at Christchurch, for a victory at Dunbar.
40S oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1652-3. On Lord Mayor's day the ribbons for the whiftiers
were 30 yards of white bd. ribbon, and 30 yards of green 8d. ribbon.
The Company were present at one Humiliation and two
Thanksgiving Services this year.
1653-4. Paid for hire of a greene cloth to lay over the Rayle of
our standing in Paulls Churchyard when the Lord Protector was
enterteined by the Citie at Grocers hall - o 12 6
To the Butler for his attendance then 010 o
ffor the hire of a Case of Knives then o 1 o
Paid for Cakes and wine 7s and for attendance ijs -090
Paid to M' Dorebarre Carpinter for fitting the standing and doeing other
worke as by twoe bills appeare - - - - - - - 7100
Paid for washing the Table Lynnen and making cleane the Hall on yl day - o 1 1 6
Paid to Mr Dorebarre Carpinter for the newe building next the newe gate of
the hall according to agreement - - - - -12000
The liabilities of the Company to Creditors for money borrowed
amounted to .£2,386 13.?. \ol/id.
1655-6. ffor a large Mapp of the World on the Chymney in the
long Parlour - 2 10 o
1657-8. Payd for thinges to p'serve the Robes and Carpettf
from mothes ----- ... - 050
Paid for a paire of Gloves p'sented to M' Secondary Trottman by order of
Court - - 1 10 o
1658-9. To the Herauld Painter for severall Amies in the new
Booke of Charters and ordinances - ... -200
Paid the Clerke for Velome bindinge and other charges about that Booke - 0130
This book, very handsomely illuminated, is preserved at the Hall.
The Great Account Book ends here, and the next one embraces
the years 1659 to 1674.
aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 409
1659-60. Payd by order of a Court of Assistantf into the
Chamber of London or proporcon of ioooo" to be raysed by the
Companies of London to be sent as a Guift to the Kinge1 - 96 o o
Payd Mr Phinees Bill for Cloathes for the ffootemen att the Kinges
Entertainem" in the Cittie when hee came first into the Kingdome - 20 o o
ffor 4 peices of Greene & white Ribbon for the Horsemen and footemen
that day -
ffor 24 Staves for the ffootemen
Payd to the Herauld Painter for a new Pendent and the Kingf Armes
ffor payntinge the ffootemens staves
Payd for a Dynner for the Horsemen that day -
Payd ffor 4 peeces of Greene & white Ribbon the 5th of July for the
ffootemen &c when the Kinge dyned at Guildhall
ffor a breakefast for the Livery that day
ffor three Staves for the Attendant^ that day
ffor a Dynner for the horsemen that day -
ffor a Dynner for the Livery that day
ffor the Trompeterf that day
Payd the Cookes Bill upon a Thancksgivinge day the io"' of May
The Vintner^ Bill that day
Spent att the Miter on choyce of my Lord Maio'
Expended in Attendance on the Duke of Yorkes Secretary att severall
tymes to frustrate the designe of the Apothecaries - o 13 4
1 660- 1. Payd by order of a Co" of Assistant^ into the Chamber
of London or proportion towards makeinge of pageantf 48 o o
This refers most probably to the rejoicings in June, 1660, when
the City entertained Charles II, the Dukes of York and Gloucester,
and other persons of quality,
ffor strowingf on the Eleccon day - 018
These were herbs, etc., spread over the floor of the Hall,
and flowers strewed by the maids in the street in front of the
Company as they went to church.
1 Charles II at the Restoration.
3
12
0
0
8
0
1
L5
0
0
8
8
3
1
6
3
12
0
0
10
4
0
1
0
4
6
7.
5
3
2
1
12
0
4
8
7
1
7
0
0
12
6
4io
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
1 66 1-2. This year there were 158 Liverymen, of whom 29
were on the Court.
To a Couple of Serjantf to Arrest severall p°sons that used the Art of
Shaveinge in this Citty and not beinge ffreemen of this Company - o 15 o
To S' W'" Wylde for his advice upon a Declaracon ag' those p°sons - 100
Payd the Attorneys Bill in that Businesse - 3136
1662-3. JUtyitsif 26"' 1662 att the Kinge & Queenes cominge
by water to London (from Hampton Court to Whitehall)
Spent lookeinge after a barge - 016
The Bargemans Bill - 800
To the Trompeters - 300
ffor 74 yards of white & Greene Ribbon att 6d p'; yard 117 o
The Vintners Bill att the 3 Tunnes att Breakefast - 3160
Butlers Bill that day- ... - -212
Beadles Bill that day for expenses - o 1 2 1
Cookes Bill that day - - 487
Vinteners Bill at the Sunne that day - 3 3 8
ffor 4 douzen Bottles of Ale that day - - o 14 10
To the Clerke at Garlicke Hithe Church that day - 026
JLovb jKTcxnors ipctt?.
The Bargemans breakefast 026
To the Bargeman & 1 1 men - 4 8 o
ffor 84 yards of Ribbon att 6'1 p'' yard 220
Michells bill for Cordage, &c. - - - 022
ffor washinge the Table Lynnen & makeinge cleane the hall then on 6
The Butlers ffee then 013 4
The Vintners Bill for Breakefast 380
The Beadles Bill for Tabaccoe that day - - 038
To the Sexton of Garlicke hithe Church that day - - -026
To the porter att Baynards Castle - -016
To the Trompeters then - - -250
ffor 8 douzen of cakes then - -080
ffor 6 Staves for the Whiflers then -------- 020
This year also the Company rode to " meete the Russia
Embassadour " and the charges for this are set out in the accounts.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4 1 1
The Company employed counsel and presented a petition
against the granting of a Charter to the Physicians ; this business
involved several meetings at taverns and some presents to the Duke
of York's Secretary, who seems to have espoused the cause of the
Barber-Surgeons.
ffor makeinge presipientia to be prrescientia in the Bason and Tankerd - o i 6
This would be the correction of an engraver's mistake in the
Company's motto on some silver plate.
ffor paintinge the staves for the Companyes Colors and 4 windowes of the
Granary - - • - 1 10 o
ffor makeinge cleane of severall pictures - 0170
ffor two Silver Salts - - - 220
ffor mendinge Erasmus statute - 030
ffor a large Chamber pott - - -056
1663-4. Received of the Governours Assistants and Livery
towards the Building of a Barge with other necessaryes thereunto
belonging - - 178 o o
A considerable sum was again spent in opposing the Physician's
Charter, Sir Wm. Scroggs, Mr. Pollexfen, Mr. Serjeant Glyn, Mr.
Phillips, and Sir Orlando Bridgeman being the Company's counsel.
ffor meding King Henry the 8",s cupp - 020
To a Serjeant to arrest Mr Arnold for refusing to take a fine for the
Cloathing and entring the Accon - 054
To Mr Banes the Attorney his ffee - 026
To Peter Smith [the Beadle] for his expences to ketch M' Arnold 026
The Company spent a large sum on their Barge and Barge
house ; all the details are in the accounts, but the following extracts
will suffice : — ■
To Henry fforty for makeing the Barge - "5 ° °
ffor Calicoe for the Watermens Suites 3 5°
3 G 2
412 e/J nnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ffor Staining the Coates - 2150
ffor makeing 20 Suites and Capps at 4s 6'1 each - 4100
To Henry fforty for triming the Barge Curting Rods &c v' p° Bill - 200
ffor Bayes and Curtain es - - o 18 10
ffor Oares - 1 14 o
To Mr Blackmore the Herrald Painter for fflags to the Barge - 29 10 o
ffor Boards to house the Barge last Winter - - 1756
Boathire and given to a Carpenter to view the Uuke of Richmonds
Bargehouse 026
To the Archbishop of Canterburyes Counsell ffor his perusall of the Draught
of a Lease for ground to build a Barge house on [at Lambeth] - 100
To his Clarke for drawing it 0100
To Mr Snowe and Mr Turney 2 of the Archbishops Sei vants upon sealing
the Lease 10" in Gold and the change of Silver for Gold at 2s 4'' a
peicc i1' 3" 4(1 in all n 34
To Mr Turneyes man for ingrossing the Lease 010 o
To the Archbishops Porter - 050
Given to other Servants of the House when the Governburs attended his
Lordship o 12 o
To Mr Matthewes the Bricklayer in part of payment for his Brickworke
about the Bargehouse - - - 100 o o
1664-5. The Company subscribed ,£94 15J. 6d. as a Con-
tribution towards the ship " The Loyal London," to be presented
to the King by the City. They also "lent" the King ^500 for
which 6 per cent, interest was promised.
Coach hire for the Governours to the Navy Office on Audit day 020
Given to Mr Pepis' his man that day - - 010
To the Hoboyes [on Lord Mayor's day] - 250
To Peter Smith for Tobaccoe and pipes - 0210
ffor Rosemary and Bayes for the Barge 020
ffor mending a Skelliton - - 050
1 Samuel Pepys, the Diarist.
o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 41 3
An entertainment was given to the Duke of Monmouth (who
was free of the Company) and among other items of expense
incurred were : —
Comfitt makers Bill that day - - 426
ffor a quarter of a Pound of Spanish tobaccoe that day - 026
Given to the Officers of the Navy according to custome yearely 200
Perhaps Samuel Pepys came in for some of this.
There was a grand dinner at our Hail on 20th June, 1655, being
Thanksgiving day for the Victory over the Dutch.1
ffor bringing the Woodden Griffen from Wapping to the Guilders - 026
This would be the Opinicus for the bow of the barge.
ffor Imbroydering the Barge Cloath 15 o o
Payd Mr Rolls his Bill for the Barge Cloath - 1 1 o o
To Mr Goodwyn for paynting the Barge - 3500
The next refers to the Great Plague.
Given to the poore visited persons the Third part of the Companyes usuall
allowance at an Election Dinner - - 500
Given to Thomas Vere in his visitacon - 100
To Chamberlaines YViddow her house being visited - 100
To Peter Smith in his sicknes 300
1665-6. Expended by myself ye Clerke & Beadles in sev°all
Journeys to Greenwch to attend yc officers of ye Navy in ye late time of
Visitacon - - - 1 16 6
The Company made very many grants of money to the poor
stricken people about this time ; and further contributed ^69 gs. 6d.
towards the Ship " The Loyal London."
1 Pepys also kept this day. He says, — " Thankes-giving day for victory over the Dutch. To the
" Dolphin Taverne, where all we officers of the Navy met with the Commissioners of the Ordnance by
"agreement, and dined : where good musique at my direction. Our club came to 34J. a man, nine of us.
" By water to Fox-hall, and there walked an hour alone, observing the several humours of the citizens that
" were there this holiday, pulling off cherries, and God knows what."
414 o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1666-7. The following interesting entries relate to the Qveat
§ttre and the providential preservation of the <$oC6em painting.
To a souldier two dayes & two nights on the trained bands when the great
fier was & for powder - - - - - 080
ffor carrying of the Companyes goods by Porters to Moorefeildf, howse
roome there & carrying thence to Holborne bridge - 300
To a seaman that quenched the top of the theater when fired - 040
To other labourers at that time 1 o o
To one hurt in that service 010 o
ffor drinke for the labourers then - 016
To a poore fellow that found a skelliton - 010
To the City Marshall for getting of labourers and laders & an engine to
save the Theater - - - - - 1 o o
ffor the use of timber & other things at that time - - - 026
To Major Brookes for his expences about & ye 8th picture 013 o
Given him as the Companyes gift - 100
To six porters wth expences of bringing home y' picture - 089
To Cap' Carroll his expenses about that picture - 0160
Given him as the Companyes gift - - 100
Expended on him - 026
ffor a Cipres chest to put the plate in 200
ffor foure locks 2 handles & 8 plates for that chest - - 1 10 o
ffor a trunke for the linnin - -- --0100
To Jonas Wills for Workemen to Carry in leade & iron out of the ruines - 0130
To a Carpenter & his man that assisted - - - 9 6 o
To Peter Smith for Workemen at the hall 2 2,h Septemb. 1666 - 474
More to him for workemen y° 25 of 7bcr 66 - - 7 n 8
ffor 7 large boxes wth L.ocks & keys to put the Companyes writings in 180
To Peter Smith his charges in getting home sev°all flaggs & pictures & a
skelliton - - - - o 14 o
To Jonas Wills for the Skelliton the Cobler had - 050
ffor a Warrant for sev°all p°sons suspected to have some of the Companyes
goods & Expended about it - - 026
1667-8. Received of severall Members of the Company and
fforreyn" towards the Building of the Hall and other offices - - 383 8 o
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
415
These contributions were voluntary and are accounted for every
year for a considerable period. At the end of the book is a long and
detailed list of the contributors, commencing 23rd April, 1668, and
extending to March, 16S1. There seem to have been 398 subscribers,
and the sum collected from them was ,£1,850; this amount, however,
was wholly inadequate for the rebuilding of the hall, which appears by
BARBER-SURGEONS' HALL, 1674-1864.
entries extending over 1668 to 1674, to have cost the Company no less
than ,£4,292. The deficit was made up by sales of freehold property
in the City, for what to us, in these days, would seem absurdly low
prices, and by loans, etc.
1668-9. The Company received from the Chamber of London
^620 6.?. be/., being the return of .£500 lent to the King in November,
4i 6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1664, and the interest thereon ^120 6s. 6d. This is the only instance
recorded of any forced loan having been refunded.
Received of severall Barbers for trimminge on yc Lords Day - 10 4 o
1669-70. The Company's barge seems to have been manned
by twenty rowers, besides the Barge Master, and these men had 4s.
each for rowing on Lord Mayor's day.
1669-70. Serjeant Surgeon John Knight wainscotted the
Parlour at his own charge, and Mr. Barker glazed the Windows; part of
this glazing is still preserved. It should be borne in mind that the
present Court room or Parlour (as it was formerly called) and which
was the work of Inigo Jones in 1636 was not destroyed in the Great
Fire.
1 670-1. The freehold property in Conyhope Lane, Grocers'
Hall Court, was sold to the Corporation of London for ^"190.
167 1-2. The livery this year numbered one hundred and
eighty-five persons.
1672-3. The Company sold an extensive property at Holborn
Bridge to the City for ^650.
To — Woodroffe for measuringe all the hall worke April yc 19"' 1673 7170
The whole of the Wardens' accounts from 1674 to 1 7 1 5 are
unfortunately lost, and the next book embraces the years between
1 71 5 and 1785.
1 715-16. The Ironmongers' Company rented at £$ per annum
from the Barber-Surgeons a portion of their Barge House at Lambeth
for the Ironmongers' Barge. Our Company still retained their Barge
and Bargemaster and this year purchased for him a new livery.
Paid Mr Wiseman the Painter for new Painting and Gilding the Company's
Banner --------- -- 900
Paid the maids who strewed the flowers to Church upon Election Day - 030
d/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 41 7
1716-17. Received of Mr George Stevenson S. his ffine for
practising Surgery before he was admitted being 346
Paid a person to go to Islington to see after a dead body which had been
drowned ' - 050
1717-18. The Company sold a large property in East
Smithfield for ,£1,250.
Paid the Hangman for his Christmas Box 026
Similar entries to the above occur for many years.
Paid Charles Window for fetching four Dead Bodies from Tyburn this year
and expenses ----------- 280
Paid my Lord Chief Justice Parkers Tipstaffe for taking up severall persons
who rescued the Dead Body from the Beadles - 100
1718-19. Paid Mr Elms his Bill for ffees at the Sessions in
prosecuting the persons who were Indicted last year for taking away
the Dead Bodies - "57°
1719-20. Paid Cha: Window for fetching two bodies from
Tyburn & for going for another when they could not gett one - 150
Paid to bring a Skeleton from St. Giles's to the Hall in a coach - 020
Paid the Beadles expences for going to Tyburn for a Body for the Muscular
Lecture when they could not get one by reason of a great Mobb of
Soldiers & others - -0130
1 720-1. Paid for a Livery gown and hood to the use of the
Company to Cloth the Members with upon their taking the Livery - 2126
Pd the High Constable of S' Giles's Parish for assisting the Beadles in
recovering a Body which had been taken from the Beadles by the Mobb 076
Paid the Hangman for the Dead mans cloths which were lost in the Scuffle
and for his Christmas Box o 15 o
Paid for a halfe length Picture of King Charles the Second to hang up in
the Parlour and for a Gold frame to the said Picture - - 7 5°
This was no doubt wanted for an " Anatomy."
3 »
4i8 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Paid Mr King the Frame maker for a frame to Inigo Jones the famous
Architect's picture Presented to the Company by our late Master Mr
Alexander Geekie - - i 5 °
Both of these pictures are still preserved at Barbers' Hall.
Every year now, and for some years, are entries of Expenses
incurred about the rioting, which took place when the Beadles went to
Tyburn for the bodies of malefactors ; very frequently the Company
prosecuted the rioters, and were continually compensating the Beadles
and others who were injured in the fights.
1731-2. Paid Mr Osmond for Plumber's Work about the Trough
for the Dead Bodys - - - 600
Paid M' Ashfield for Carpenters Work about the said Trough - 1 14 o
This was a species of wooden coffin lined with lead in which
the "subjects" were placed on their arrival from Tyburn.
Paid for 4 Silver Pepper Boxes' - 5 5°
Paid the Officers of both Counters for a body0 - 220
1 735—6. Paid Mr Newton the Silversmith for a new Badge for
the Barge master - - - 4 1 1 6
Paid the High Constable for the expenses at the late execution when the
body was rescued - - - - - - - - - - 3 13 6
Paid the Beadles expenses in prosecuting John Miller, one of the Persons
who assaulted the Constables and rescued the body - - - - 220
Paid Mr Clarke the Sollicitor at Hicks Hall his Bill for Indicting and
prosecuting the said John Miller to a conviction - - - - 8710
Paid Mr Clarke the Engraver for engraving the Dedication to the Right
Plonorable the Earl of Burlington on the Print of King Henry the
Eighth's Picture 5 5°
1737. Paid Mr Babbidge for making a Skeleton of Maiden's3 Bones 3 3°
1 These are still at the Hall. - Probably the body of a prisoner who had died in one of the Compters.
J A criminal hung at Tyburn.
aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4 1 9
1739. Paid the Beadles for their being beat and wounded at
the late execution - -440
1740. Paid for mending the Windows broke upon bringing the
last Body from Tyburn - - - 060
1741. Paid for a Silver Punch Laddie - -140
Paid the expences for the Buck Sr Rob' Walpole gave the Company - 136
1744. Paid Mr Hawes for two large Branches for the Hall - 70 o o
These massive chandeliers were broken but preserved when the
Hall was pulled down in 1864, and one formed of their fragments is
now hung on the staircase leading up to the Committee Room.
Paid taking the Company's Linnen out of Pawn 426
This linen must have been stolen and pawned, as the Company
were not at this period in such financial difficulties as to necessitate
their personal property being taken care of by a pawnbroker.
1745-6. Dr. Tyson's picture was sold to Mr. Luke Maurice
for £10 \os.
Mr. Goodyer was paid ,£11 for the table and inscription (now
in the entrance lobby) which records the separation of the Surgeons
from the Barbers in 1745.
1 75 1-2. Mr. Whiston bought the Company's library for ,£13.
This library consisted of a great number of ancient MSS. and books
relating to Surgery.
Putting an Advertizement in the Daily Advertizer offering a Reward to any
Person who should discover who stole the Lead from off the Hall Kitchen 020
Paid M' Spencer for cleaning the Guns Swords and bayonetts - - 060
7 II 2
420 oAmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
1 760. Paid Mr Chessun the Upholsterer his Bill for new Standards
& making the new cloth for the Stand 67 15 6
This was the stand for the liverymen used on Lord Mayor's
day and on other public occasions.
1770. The expenses on Lord Mayor's day this year were
as follows, and are a fair sample of the entries for many years before
and after this date.
Cash Paid —
Mr Bick for Spermaceti - - 1 10 o
The Watermen for their Breakfast and attendance - - 1126
Two men to keep the gates - - -0100
Four men to keep the Stand 1 o o
Mr Beaumont for musick - 500
Mess" Sherwood & Co. for Ribbons - 3149
Mr Hulberd for Beef for breakfast 410
Mr Wareham for dressing ditto - 0160
The Housekeeper's Bill - 200
Mr Wilding's Bill for Wine for the Stand - 6157
The Beadle for pipes and Tobacco for the Stand - -060
Mr Dance Clerk of the City Works for fixing the Stand - 1 1 o
The Carpenter's Bill about ditto - - 8 1 1 3
The Upholsterer's Bill - 200
Jarvis & Sharpe, Turner's Bill - o iS 8
£2,9 16 9
The Livery dinners on these occasions were paid for by
the Stewards.
The next book of Accounts extends from 1785 to 1821, but
like the latter part of the last one it is almost destitute of interest.
On the first page is an extract from the Will of Mr. Edward Griffin
(10th April, 1596) relating to his gift to the Company, and there
are also sundry memoranda concerning Banckes' gift.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 421
1785. This was the last occasion on which the Company
"went out" on Lord Mayor's day.
In addition to the Wardens' accounts, there are two books
containing receipts of tradesmen and others for money paid to them
extending from 1722 to 1764. These books are not specially
interesting, excepting that they contain autographs of a few
eminent Surgeons, hangmen and others, and the following extracts
will suffice : —
1722. Reced of the Governours of the Company the surae of ten shillings for
fetching the Body of Richard Oxer from Tyburne.
Charles Window.
1723. Reced of the Governours of the Compa the sume of five pounds fifteen
shillings for fetching the Body of Wra Pincher from Tyburne and for sev" Disbursements
expended thereon.
Rich : Collins.
1723. The Receipt of Abraham Shepherd, Attorney, for
,£15 os. 6d., being the costs of prosecuting Cooke and others for
taking away the body of William Pincher from the Beadles when
they brought it from Tyburn.
1729. Reced Decr 23d 1729 of the Govrs of ye Compa p° the hands of Cha :
Bernard their CI : 7s 6d for my Xmas Box.
John Hooper.
In 1730 this gentleman signs "John Hooper, Executioner."
1743. The hangman, John Thrift, signed with a x the receipt
for his Christmas box, and the Clerk has humorously styled him
"John Thrift, Esqre Hangman."
1736. The printing of 1,000 Copies of Baron's Engrav-
ing of Holbein's picture cost £\$ x 5 .v. od. John Harper was
the printer.
422
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
A copy of this print was sent to the Earl of Burlington, as there
is a Bill of William Gills as follows : —
One large picture frame w"' a broad carved & Gilt Sanding inside and a
fine plate glass &c for The Earl of Burlington - - £2 8 o
Rcce'd Nov 5 1736 of yc Gov'4 of the Compa p° the hands of Cha. Bernard
their CI : twenty one pounds for the paper to print the 1000 prints of
King Hen : 8"ls Picture being two Rheams of paper
\? B. Baron.
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DISPUTES.
138S. One of our earliest ordinances enacts that —
If any dispute arise between any of the brethren, which God forbid, it is to be
amicably settled by the decision of the Masters of the said Fraternity and they are to deal
plainly,1 and that no one sue another in other manner than at the assize, and then only
if he be empowered by leave of the said Masters to be recorded.
1530. And again in the ordinances signed by Sir Thomas
More, it states that —
yff any matter of stryffe or debate herafter be betwene eny p°son of the said
Crafte as God fforfende that noon of them shall make eny p°suts2 in the Comen lawe
but that he whiche ffyndeth hym aggreved shall ffurst make his complaynt to the
Maisters to trTentent that they shall ordre the said matter or cause of
complaynt so made yff they can
This prerogative of the Company was jealously guarded, and
indeed extended, the Court becoming in effect a sort of Court
of Conscience, in which non-freemen frequently appeared as plaintiffs
against freemen, when their cases were heard and adjudicated upon, the
Court settling the amount and time of payment, or dismissing the suit.
Whenever (as often happened) one freeman went to law with
another, without leave of the Court, and the defendant complained,
i.e. , openly, honestly.
Pursuits.
424 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
the plaintiff was ordered to withdraw his action, and if he declined to
do so, an opportunity of reflection upon the powers of the Company
was afforded him in the seclusion of the " Compter."
It was frequently the custom for the Masters to require both
parties to enter into bonds to abide the decision of the Court, and
where this was not so, and either of them disobeyed the order made,
the offender was either fined, imprisoned or expelled.
The following are a few notices of cases of dispute which came
before the Court from time to time, and other instances will be found
elsewhere.
30th June, 1 55 1. It was ordered —
That James Wood John Chamber and William Drewe Waterman shalbe lovers
and friendes and clerlye to acquite and discharge either other of and from all maner of
accons quarrells detts demaundes and suts as well spirytuall as temporall whatsoever
they be from the begynnyng of the worlde untyll the daye abovesayd.
4th November, 1 55 1. Ordered —
That John West shall bring in his fyne which is vjs viijd for speking opprobryous
wordes against John Androwson in the presence of the Mr-
2nd May, 1552. It was ordered and declared that Harry Cooke
and Nicholas Connysbye —
are fully condescended concluded and agreed for all maner of accons dettes
suetts demaunds and quarrells whatsoever they be from the begynnynge of the worlde unto
this daye and that they shall clerly dischardge eche other and to be lovers and freinds.
1566. By an entry in this year it seems that each disputant
when before the Court was " put to his othe upon a booke y' he sholde
saye the trothe."
oAiinals of the Barber-Surgeons. 425
ioth December, 1566. Thomas Lambkyn appeared against
his late apprentice Wm Woodfall —
for serten shavynge clothes yl he tooke awaye w"1 hym when he went home his
Mr w"'out his lycence and the saide W'" hath payde unto the saide Thorns Lambkyn in
the p°sents of this courte in lawfull Englyshe mony x5 in recompence.
In this Courte here was John Hawkes playntyf agaynst Richard Olkar for his
unfyttinge words & Olkar shalbe here the nexte courte.
30th December, 1566. William Collins the covenant servant
of John Johnson complained of his master for " myssusing hym in his
boxe money," whereupon Mr Johnson was ordered to amend his ways.
4th March, 1567. Here was Walter Lynche for his unfytting wordf seyeng y'
Richard Dycson sholde be got his mayde w"' chylde and Lynche denyeth yt, y' he nev°
harde of yt, and Dycson seyd y' Edward Parke & too other servyngemen he hath to wytnes
the same, spoken at the Rose taverne at the fleete brydge And yt is ordered y' they shall
brotherly one gyve unto & by another good wordf & good reports & no more repetallf to
be had any more hereafter in this behalf.
nth March, 1567. In this Court here was John Wall for y'he warned John Staple
unto the courte of concyence in the guyldehall in London w"'oute lycence of the Mr &
Gov^no'5 and yt is now ordered once agayne y' John Wall shall not p°cede any forder in
lawe but shall stande to the awarde made ordered & awarded the xij"1 daye of november
laste paste and not ells otherwyse upon payne of his alegiance & penaltie in that behalf
p°vyded & ordayned.
Edward Park, who was a troublesome fellow, and often before
the Court, would seem (by the next extract) to have revived the old
scandal about Dycson and his " mayde," for —
14th November, 1567. Here was Rich. Dycson playntyf agaynst Edward
Parke for undecent and slaunderous words And they both have consented to put yt
unto the determynacion of this worsshypfull Court, & they shalbe both bounde in
oblygacions to abyde the order & warde1 & to kepe the peace in yr owne p^sons. Rich.
' Award.
3 1
426 cAiinals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Dycson hath chosen to be arbytraytors for hym John Bonar & Thomas Burston, and
for Parke he hath chosen for hym Mr Bowie & Rich Wysto & the Mr & govnors shalbe
umpers, ' bonde in xx1' a peece.
13th January, 1568. In thys Courte here was John Cooke playntyf against Rich'1
Barker for serten word^ undecently spoken by Richd against the said John and also for
serten housold stuff y' the said Richd Barker w,hholdeth frome the said John, and they
both are comaunded the nexte courte daye to brynge in bothe yr fynes vjs viij ' a pece for
yr unfytting wordf .
7th June, 1569. In this Courte here was the wyf of John Burges for that Rich.
Barker beate black her amies and yt is ordered that the said Rich. Barker shall upon this
p°sent daye go unto the house of the said John Burges his mr and yr acknowledge hym
sylf to be sory for trespassynge hym & his wyf.
19th July, 1569. Here was John Charnock, said that he is his Mrs pntf2
& kepeth shoppe & is accomptant wekely to his Mr & he said the Mr of the company
did hym wronge & y* he wolde at lawe trye yt and unreverently he did behave
hymsylf w'h stoute & undecent [words] & so he charged the Mr styll, but not the
worsshypfulls of this Courte.
1 8th November, 1572. Here was one Edward Browne Bricklayer and complayned
[against] one Richard Upton for that he had taken his money for curynge hym of Morbus
Gallicus but the sicknes as he said was not cured & Mr Upton p°mised to agree w'h hym.
The next is a rare piece of tittle tattle ; like Edward Park,
Colley was often in trouble, and it is amusing to observe how he
shortly afterwards lays an information against Carrington, which
compliment Carrington returns to him in the March Court.
1 8th November, 1572. Here was Willm Carington and required his complaint to
be herd in that Allein Colley had slaundered hym w,h unhonest wordes, that is, that Allein
should say that Wiberds wife should say that Charringtons wief should not be honest, and
they were p°mytted to take ordre of Lawe.
10th February, 1573. Colley laid an information against Car-
rington for " Trimminge on a Sondaye," whereupon he was fined 40^.
1 Umpires. - Apprentice.
oAmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 427
nth March, 1573. Carrington complained of Colley "for un-
decent wordes calling him verlet before the Mr.," etc., and they were
ordered to be friends, and to bring no more complaints against each
other.
This feud seems, however, to have continued for a few
years, but was at last happily settled, for we read under date, 24th
January, 1576 :
Here at this Corte witnesses being hard betwene Willm Carrington and Allen
Collye they were made frendes, shoke handes and frendly deputed.
2nd March, 1573. Here was a complaint agaynste Henrye Lushe by John
Parrndize for that the said Henry Lushe called the said John Paradize knave, and he pd
his fyne xij1' and they toke hands & were ffrends.
19th April, 1574. Here was Willm Brode and brought in an answere agaynste
the complaynt of Edward Saunders for lykeninge hym to Esoppes dogge and they were
appoynted to be ffrends and' to brynge the matter no more in question.
Was this the "dog in the manger" ? Anyhow, it seems a trivial
matter to have been brought before the grave old Masters.
2nd February, 1575. Here came one Willm Goodnep and complayned of Willm
Clowes for not curing his wief de morbo gallico and yt was awarded that the saide Clowes
sholde either geve the saide Goodnep xxs orells cure his saide wief, wch Clowes agreed to
pay the xxs and so they were agreed and eche of them made acquittance to other.
28th February, 1576. Here was a complainte against Willm Clowes by one
Goodenge for that the saide Clowes had not onlie misused the saide Goodinge in speeche
but also most of the masters of the Companye w"' scoffing wordes and jestes and they all
forgave him here openlye in the Corte and so the stryfe was ended upon cond' that he
shold nevr so misuse him self a gayne, and bonds was caused to be made to that effect.
25th September, 1576. At this CcPte came Willm Wise and Mathew Ken, and
divers evell and unbrotherlike speches was p°ved and so the saide Willm Wise confest his
fait paide his ffyne and made a breakfast to the Companie for their paynes, and so they
shoke hands and were made ffrends.
428 c/fmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
25th March, 1577. Here at this Corte was a greate contension and stryffe spoken
of and ended betwene George Baker' and Will in Clowes' for that they bothe contrary
to order and the good and holsome rules of this howse misused eche other and fought
in the ffelds togethers, but the Mr Wardens and assistance wishing that they might be
and continewe loving brothers p°doned this greate offence in hope of amendment.
9th January, 1598. Thomas Cole complayned of Thomas Goodall for sueinge
him at the Comon lawe \v"'out license of the Mre And was fined And his fine mittigated
to 3s 4"
4th December, 1599. This daie Roberte Morrey complayned of William ffoster
for callinge him Pandor and Bawde and for sayeinge he was presented by the Wardemot
inqueste for keepinge a bawdye house, uppon hearinge whereof their controversies were
referred to the Maisters of this Companye, the same to be ended before the sixte daie of
Januarye nexte.
24th July, 1600. In the matter in Controversie betwixt Roger Semper and
ffrancis Thompson it is ordered that the sayd Sempr> shall at the next Court bringe in his
fine for usinge reprochefull wordes against the sayd Thompson And for that the sayd
Sempers wyefe did assalt the sayd Thompson & brake his shop wyndowes. And that the
sayd Semper shall deliv' such goodes as hee hath of the sayd Thompson before the next
Court And that hee shall at the same Court geve the sayd Thompson satisfaccon for his
wyndowes.
24th July, 1600. In the Controversie betwixt John Izard & Robert Steward it is
ordered that the sayd Robert Steward shalbe comitted to the Compter for refusinge to
paye his fine for supplantinge the sayd John Izards cure and for behavinge himselfe
unreverendly before the Mrs in the Court.
nth September, 1600. This daie John Urvey complayned of Henry Bracye for
arrestinge him before he had obtayned leave of the Maisters And it was thereuppon
ordered that the said Henrye Bracye shoulde be warned to appeare before the Maisters at
the nexte Courte and that he shoulde be commaunded from the Maisters to staie his
suite till then.
17th September, 1600. This daie in the matter in controversi betwixte Henry
Bracy and John Urvey It is ordered that the saide Henry Bracye shall not proceede any
further in his suite but that the said John Urvey shall paie the debte of ffowerteene
shillinges and twoe shillinges for his chardges by twoe shillinges wickelye till all be fully
1 Master 1597 and Serjeant Surgeon. - Warden 1594.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 429
satisfied and paide And uppon the payment thereof the said Bracye to make him a
generall aequittaunce the firste payment to begine on Tewsdaie nexte, And the money to
he paide to the Mre of this Companye.
20th October, 1600. This daye it is ordered that John Urvey shalbe comitted to
the Compter for not p°forminge his payments to Henry Bracy accordinge to the orders of
this howse.
21st July, 1601. Where divs controversies hath bene betweene John Browne
and Jenkin Marcrafte the endinge of wch is by them of their mutuall assents referred to
the Mrs or Governors of this Company who aftr hereinge of their sev°all controversies &
fyndeinge thereby that the wounde for wch the money was to be paid to John Browne was
reverted to his former state It is thought fit that the said Marcrafte shall paye to the
said Browne prVtly ' the somme of xlsin full satisfaction of all debts duties and demaunds,
wdl the said Browne accepted of and received the said somme accordingly. And whereas
Lewis Atmr finished the Cure after it was reverted Therefore it was lykewise ordered that
the said Marcrafte shall paye to him xxs for his paynes.
6th August, 1601. This daye John Ibatson and John Wyndet referred a
controversie betwene them concerninge a debt of iiij1' lent by the said Wyndet to the said
Ibatson to the hereinge &: endinge of the Mrs of this Company and gave the eyth' to the
othr 6d to stande to their award so that they ended the same before the laste daye of
Septembr next wch if they refuse to stand to, the refuser shall forfeyt xl!-
27th March, 1604. This daye Lycence is geven to Andrew Mathewe to sue
Richard Tyler at the Covnon Lavve for the tenenr't wherein the said Tyler nowe dwelleth,
for that Tyler refuseth to referre the heareinge & endinge of that controversie to the M'3
of this Company.
1 6th October, 1610. In the Controv°sie between William Wright and one
Harrington Itt is att this Court ordered that Harrington shall paie unto Wryght for and
in respect of such rentes he doth owe unto Wright the some of xxxs imediate And
like wise he shall mend such paynes of glasse as nowe by his necligence are broken in
Wrightf wyndowes and soe all controv°sies between them are determyned.
24th September, 161 1. In the Controv°sey between ffrauncf Bilford of th°one
p°te & John fflint on th°other p°te It is ordered that either of them shalbe bound unto
th°other of them in 201' a peece to stand to the Award of Mr John Gerard & Mr Richard
Mapes.
1 Presently, i.e. , at once.
4)0 c/innals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ist October, 1611. At this Court forasmuch as John fflynt would not stand to
the order of the Mrs set down the last Court between him & ffrauncf Bilford the said
Bilford hath leave to arrest the said fflynt.
22nd October, 161 1. In the Controv'sie between Dennis Davys on thPone p°te
& John Person on thPother p'te It is ordered that they shall live quietlie togethers as
brothers of one Company should doc and neither of them by him selfe or his servantf to
gyve or move offence either by word or deed unto tfPother of them.
It was not often that the good offices of the Court were unavail-
ing in the settlement of disputes, but in the following case, in which the
lady probably played a prominent part, the Masters seem to have been
unable to settle the matter : —
1 2th July, 1614. In the complaint made by William Purkf and ffrauncis his
wife against Greene, wch beinge heard at this Court, the Mrs could drawe them to noe
quiet ende, all pities being verye obstinate.
HERALDRY.
HERE are numerous excellent examples of the Com-
pany's Arms at the Hall. The records contain many
beautiful drawings and emblazoned shields of arms,
not only of the Company but of some of the
Masters as well.
One of the choicest specimens is the massive old carving beneath
the semicircular canopy of the entrance doorway; this is dated 167 1,
and is both bold and quaint ; long may it be preserved to the Barbers !
The carved coat of arms which formerly ornamented the stern of the
Company's barge, and which is probably late 1 7th century work, has
been carefully preserved, and may be always admired over the chimney
piece in the Committee room. There is the large " tortershell " in the
vestibule given by Mr. William Kings in 1645. The cloth on the
Court table is artistically embroidered with the Arms of the Company
and the City, the embroidered portions being part of the ancient
barge cloth. There is a handsomely emblazoned coat of arms on the
plan of the Company's property (presented by Mr. Charles John
Shoppee), and a pretty little bit of old stained glass in the window
on the first floor landing. The Company formerly possessed a great
many banners, but these are unfortunately lost to us ; the one which
432 -Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
is placed behind the Master's chair is beautifully painted by Bishop
of Doctors' Commons, and has at the back the inscription —
Ex dono Sidney Young Misterii Barbitonsorum fratris amandi 1885.
145 1. In this year the original grant of arms was conferred, being
simply the first quarter of our present achievement ; sable, a chevron
between three fleams argent, the fleams being mediaeval lancets, though
from their shape they have sometimes been thought to represent
razors. This coat was borne by both the Barbers and their successors,
the Barber-Surgeons, until the time of Elizabeth. The grant is
as follows : —
j?3e it knowen to all men that y Clarensew Kyng of Armes of the South Marche
of Englond Consideryng the noble estate of the Cite of London by the name of Erie &
Barons as in their ffirst Charter by scripture appereth
*Wp— ^B ^M^y called mayre and aldermen and by good avya
^^^j| B^Kfl °f a" tne Mermen ar>d the noble citezenis of London that
W^^T^^L^ every alderman shuld have award by hymself to governe
^^^ ^^ and rule to the Worship of the cite and the maires power ev°y
^^ ^^^ ^^ alderman in his Ward with correccion of the mair beyng for
^f^^^^ the tyme and so notablie ordeyned to be custumed ev°y
\jttw4CjL ^^J Craft clothing bo hem self to know o Craft from a nother
^B B^a ^r and also synes ol Armes in baner wyse to beer conveniently
^^^^^^ for the worship of the reame and the noble cite and so now
late the Maisters of Barbory and Surgery within the craft
of Barbours John Strugge Thomas Wyllote Hugh Herte & Thomas Waleys come & praying
me Clarensewe Kyng of Armes to devise hem a conysauns & syne in fourme of armes
under my seall of myn Armes that might be conveniently to ther Craft. And where y
Clarensewe Kyng of Armes consideryng the gode disposicion of them y have devysed a
Conysaunce in fourme of Armes that is to sey A felde sabull a cheveron bytwene iij
flemys of silver the which syne of armes y Clarensew gyve the same conysaunce of Armes
to the forsaid Crafte and none other Crafte in no wyse shall not bere the same, 'go
the which witenesse of this wrytyng y sette my seal of myn armes & my syne manuall
wreten atte London the xxix day of the monthe of September the xxxlh yere of the regne
of oure soverayne lord Kyng Henry the Sixt.
By Ci.aransew Kynge of armes.
c/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 4))
1492. In this year a cognizance, or possibly an informal grant
of arms, was given to the Surgeons' Company ; this is depicted on
the first leaf in the beautiful old vellum book of Ordinances at the
Hall, the inscription under, stating that it was given to the Craft
of Surgeons of London in the year 1492, at the going over the sea
into France of Henry VII. {See the fac-simile at p. 69.)
No other authority than the above statement is known for this
coat, but in the grant to the Barber-Surgeons (1569) it is recited that
Henry VIII granted the Company of Surgeons a cognizance "which
is a spatter thereon a rose gules crowned golde for their warrant in
fielde but no authoritie by warrant for the bearinge of the same in
shilde as armes." The Herald in drawing the grant of 1569 probably
accidentally put in the name of Henry VIII for that of Henry VII,
the entry in our book being undoubtedly coeval with the circumstance.
We here get the foundations of our present coat of arms ; the fleams
representing the old Barber-Surgeons or Barbers, and the crowned
rose and spatula the Surgeons proper, both of which were introduced
into one shield in 1561, and quartered in 1569.
On either side of the shield of the Surgeons' Arms stands a
Saint habited as a doctor or physician, one of whom holds a medical
vessel in his right hand, while the other has a box; of ointment and a
spatula, indicative of their being professors of the healing art. These
are the patron Saints of the Company, Cosmus and Damianus. Mrs.
Jameson states that they —
were two brothers, Arabians by birth but they dwelt in ^Ega;, a city of Cilicia. Their
father having died while they were yet children, their pious mother Theodora, brought
them up with all diligence, and in the practice of every Christian virtue. Their charity
was so great, that not only they lived in the greatest abstinence, distributing their goods
to the infirm and poor, but they studied medicine and surgery, that they might be able
to prescribe for the sick, and relieve the sufferings of the wounded and infirm ; and the
3 K
434 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
blessing of God being on all their endeavours, they became the most learned and the
most perfect physicians that the world had ever seen. They ministered to all who
applied to them, whether rich or poor. Even to suffering animals they did not deny
their aid, and they constantly refused all payment or recompense, exercising their art only
for charity and for the love of God ; and thus they spent their days.
In the cover of a Latin Bible, printed in 1470, I discovered
some vellum padding, which on examination proved to be a MS. of
Xlth century, consisting of part of a collection of the lives of the
Saints, interspersed with prayers, etc., and which probably had been
read in some Convent refectory during the hours of meals. This MS.
is moreover curious, as those portions intended to be sung have certain
signs affixed, known as " neumes," which, before the more modern
method of musical notation was introduced, were employed to denote
musical expression. An account of the martyrdom of Cosmo and
Damian, together with their brothers, is here preserved, but as the
original is in very contracted Latin, the following translation will,
perhaps, better supply its place : —
The souls of Cosmus and Damianus the Just are in the hands of God.
There have moreover been crowned these five brothers Cosmus, Damianus,
Antimeus, Leuntius and Eutrepius.
Furthermore we beseech Thee, Almighty God, to grant that we, who com-
memorate the nativities of thy Saints Cosmus and Damianus, may by their intercessions
be delivered from all present and future evils. Amen. The blessed martyrs Cosmus
Damianus, Antimeus, Leuntius and Eutrepius, were committed to prison by order of the
governor ; and on the following day, the proconsul sitting on the judgment seat, caused
an enormous fire to be made, and the above-named men to be led out of prison and cast
into its midst. But on account of their prayers the fire lost its power over these saints.
The governor was astounded, and the executioner, thinking that the circumstances which
had happened with regard to the martyrs of God depended on their magical arts,
ordered them to be again interrogated. But, when they remained firm with a cheerful
and joyous countenance rendered more noble by torture, he ordered crosses to be made,
and the martyrs, when stretched upon them, to be pelted with stones. Accordingly, when
zAnnais of the Barber-Surgeons.
435
the blows recoiled on those that delivered them, the governor, inflamed with excessive
rage, gave orders to attack them with arrows, so that at a less distance the steel might at
least penetrate. But, although he had not been able to injure them in any way, many of
those who discharged arrows and who stood near withdrew on account of the wounds
that they received.
For so is the testimony.
Seeing accordingly that his ill will was overcome by Divine power, the governor
ordered them to be mutilated with a sword.
The blessed martyrs were put to death on the Twentieth day of September ; and
their bodies were buried by devout men in a holy spot not far from the city of ACgae.
Mrs. Jameson relates a legend somewhat similar to the above,
and states that it was of great antiquity, being transplanted into Western
Europe in the first ages of Christianity. The Emperor Justinian,
having been recovered, as he supposed, from a dangerous illness by
the intercession of these saints, erected a superb church in their honour.
Among the Greeks they succeeded to the worship and attributes of
^Esculapius ; and from their disinterested refusal of all pay or reward,
they are distinguished by the honourable title of Anargyres, which
signifies moneyless, or without fees. These saints are commemorated
on the 27th September, and all over Europe have ever been the patron
saints of the Barbers and Surgeons ; they
are. also the patrons of the Medici family,
and as such they figure on the coins of
Florence.
1540. In the bowl of the grace cup
given by Henry VIII to the Barber-
Surgeons, the arms of the Barbers impaling
the Surgeons are cut, but this is merely the
fancy of an engraver, and of later date than
the cup.
H2
436
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons,
ioth July, 1 561. In the Heralds' College (I.C.B., No. ioi, 20)
is a grant of arms by William Harvey, Clarencieux King of Arms, to
the Barber-Surgeons,
in which he grants
and assigns unto them
for an "augmentacon
to ther old and aun-
scint Armes (which is
sables a chevrone
between thre flumes
argent) a chef paly
argent & vert on a
pale goles a lyon pas-
sant regardant gold
betwene two spatters
argent a roze gewles
crowned golde & to
ther creast upon the
healme an opinacus
golde standing upon a wreath argent and sables manteled gewles
dubled argent."
1565. This year, Harvey, Clarencieux, granted two supporters
to the above arms, namely, "two lynxe in their proper Collor about
there necks a crowne with a cheyne argent."
BlSSIl
1IIG123
^^^
t^lllil
^r ((QS '/-w •<
^^^^«^s^?
~i^"^ j'rs^^ *VfcS^
mM
t^KtV
pop
\j/^\
iili
llo
mLM
i^^^r ^j
1568. This year, Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy, Kings of
Arms, ratified and confirmed the above arms, crest, and supporters,
with the following variations, the arms to be borne quarterly, " the
ffyrst sables a cheveron bytwyne iij flewmes argent, the second
quarter per pale argent and vert on a spatter of the fyrst a Dobele
oAimals of the Barber-Surgeons. 437
rose gules and argent crowned or, over all on a crosse gules a lyon
passant Regardant or."
1 2th June, 1569. The grant of Arms by Dethick, etc., is a
beautifully artistic production, though, unfortunately, slightly damaged,
and the seals are missing. In 1885 the Company had it reproduced
in chromo-photography by Mr. William Griggs, whose work has
been so skilfully executed that it is difficult to observe the least
difference between the original and the copies.
With this grant is the first appearance of a motto " De
praescientia Dei." How this motto came to be chosen, or in what
way it applies to the Barber-Surgeons, I am at a loss to point out.
The following is the text of the grant.
%o all and singuler aswell Kinges herehaultes and Officers of Amies, as nobles
gentlemen and others to whome these presentes shall come be seene heard, read or
understand Sir Gilbert Dethicke Knight alias Carter principall Kinge of Armes, Robert
Cooke Esquire alias Clarencieulx kinge of Armes of the South partes of Englande, and
Willm Flower Esquire alias Norroy kinge of Armes of the northe partes of Englande send
greetinge in our lorde god everlastinge. For as much as aunciently from the bcginninge
the valiaunt and vertuouse actes of excellent personnes have ben coinendid to the worlde
and posterite with sondrey monumentes and remembrances of their good deseartes ;
Emongest the which the chiefest and most usuall hath ben the bearinge of signes and
tokens in shildes called Armes, beinge none other thinges then evidences and demon-
stracions of prowesse and valoir diversly distributed accordinge to the qualytes and
deseartes of the persons meritinge the same To tlfentent that such as have done
coinendable service to their prince or countrey either in warre or peace, or other wyse by
laudable and couragiouse entreprices or proceedinge of eny person or persons in
th°augmentacion of the Estate or coition wealth of their realme or countrey might thereby
receyve due honor in their lyves, and also deryve the same succesively to their successors
and posteritie for ever. And wheras in this Citie of London thPexperience & practise of
the science and facultie of Chirurgery is most requisite and daily to be exercysed &
experimented for the preservacion of meny, & by thPoccasion of the practise thereof meny
expert persons be brought up & experimented to the relief, succour, & helpe of an infinite
nomber of persons. And for as much as within this Citie of London ther were two
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 439
severall copanyes, tlv'one by the name of Barbours Chirurgeons, and tbPother by the name
of Chirurgeons onely : the Barbours Chirurgeons being incorporate & ye other not, & bothe
occupyenge ye arte of Chirurgery wheruppon greate cotention did arise. And for y' it was
most meete and necessary y' the sayd two copanyes shuld be united & made one hole
body & so incorporated, to th°entent that by their union & often assembly togither,
thPexercyse & knowledge of their science & mistery might appeere, as well in practise as
in speculatio not onely to theim selfes, but to others under theim. So that it was thought
most meete & covenient upon grave & greate cosideracion, to unyte & joyne y° sayd two
copanyes in one : wch was don as may appeere by an acte of parleament in alio xxxij of
Henry theight w' these wordes " Be it enactid by the Kinge our souvereigne lorde & the
lordes spirituall & temporall & the cofrions of y° same, that ye sayde two severall & distinct
companies, that is to say bothe ye Barbours Surgeons, & the Sourgeons & every parson
of theim beinge a fireman of either of ye sayde copanies after ye custome of the sayde citie
of London, & their successors, from hencefoorthe immediatly be unyted & made one
entier and whole body corporate, & one societie perpetual, which at all tymes heerafter
shalbe called by ye name of Maisters & Governours of ye mistery & comunalty of Barbours
& Surgeons of London for evermore, & by none other name." In consideracion whereof
& for that it doth appeere a thinge most requisite for the unitinge of these two copanyes
togither and for that thPoccupation of the Barbors Chirurgeons beinge incorporate hath
since ye tyme of Kinge Henry the sixt used & boren Amies y' is to say Sables
a cheveron betweene thre Flewmes argent w'1' Armes wer unto theim assigned onely
by the gifte & assignement of Clarencieulx Kinge of Armes, as by ye patent
thereof doth & may more plainly appeere. And since ye unitinge of yc sayde
two copanies these Armes of yc sayd corporation of Barbours Chirurgeons hath
ben used & none other, yet notw'standinge yc late Kinge Henry th°eight of famouse
memory assigned & gave unto ye company of yc Chirurgeons onely, a Cognoysance, wch
is a spatter, thereon a rose gules crowned golde, for their warrant in fielde, but no
authoritie by warrant for the bearinge of the same in shilde as Armes. And for y' it
pleased ye same Kinge Henry trPeight, not onely to unite & incorporate these two
copanies togither by acte of parleament but also hath ratifyed & cofirmed the same by
his letters patent^ under the greate seale of Englande & so lately cofirmed by y° Queenes
Ma,ie that now is.1 And wheras Thomas Galle in the 3 yere of the Queene's Matics reigne
that now is beinge Maister, Alexander Mason John Standon Robert Mudesley governors
1 This statement is incorrect. The Act of Parliament was passed in 1540, but was not confirmed
by any letters patent of Henry VIII. We have no such charter or any reference to it, and moreover it is
not on the Patent Rolls, where it would appear, had it ever existed ; furthermore Elizabeth's charter (in
our possession) confirms Henry's charter of 1512 and not this pretended one.
44v -Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of yc same corporation mistery & comunaltie of Barbours & Chirurgeons being
desirouse to have some signes & tokens addid & augmented to tlvbld & auncient Armes
of the Barbours Chirurgeons, not onely for a perpetuall memory as well of y° famouse
prince Kinge Henry tfPeight their founder & patrone but also for a further declaration of
yc unitinge of those two copanies togither did instantly require the late Clarencieulx Hervy
to consider yc premisses & to shew his endevor therein. Who finding their request just
and lawfull did graunt & give unto them by his letters patentes under his hand & seale
bearinge date the x"' of July in the third yere of y" reigne of the queenes Ma,ie that now
is, an augmentac'on in chief to their olde & auncient Armes w"' heaulme & Creast to the
same : which chief was paly argent & vert on a pale gules a lyon passant gardant golde
betweene two spatters argent, on eche a double rose gules and argent crowned golde :
and to their Creast on a torce silver and sables an Opinacus golde : Mantelled gules,
doubled argent. And further in the tyme of Robert Balthrop Esquire serjeaunt of the
Queenes Maties Chirurgeons then beinge Maister of the sayd mistery and comunalty of
the Barbours & Chirurgeons and George Vaughan Richard Hughes & George Corron
governours of the same corporation the sayd Clarencieulx Hervy did graunt unto the sayd
corporation two supporters to those Armes before given them : which were two Linxe in
their proper coulor, aboute their neckes a Crowne w' a chayne argent pendant therat :
As by the sayde letters patentes more plainly doth appeere. Yet notwithstandinge for
as much as it doth plainly appeere unto us the sayd Garter Clarencieulx & Norroy Kinges
of Armes, that the aforesayd Amies in some respectes wer not onely contrary to the
wordes of the corporation of the sayd Barbours and Chirurgeons but that also in the same
patent of Armes ther ar sondrey other thinges contrary and not agreinge with the auncient
lawes & rules of Armes : We the sayd Kinges of Armes by power & authorise to us
cofriitted by Letters patent under the greate Seale of Englande, have confirmed given and
graunted the forcsayd Armes Creast and Supporters heertofore mentioned, to be boren
in maner and fourme heerafter specified. That is to say : Quarterly the first sables a
cheveron betweene three Flewmes argent : the seconde quarter per pale argent and vert
on a Spatter of the first, a double Rose gules and argent crowned golde : the third quarter
as the seconde and the fourth as the first : Over all on a Crosse gules a lyon passant
gardant golde : And to their Creast upon the heaulme on a Torce arget and sables an
Opinacus golde : Mantelled gules doubled argent : Supported with two Linxe in their
proper coulor about their neckes a crowne with a chayne argent pendent therat: As plainly
appeerith depicted in this margent. Which Armes Creast and Supporters and every
parte and parcell thereof, we the sayd Kinges of Armes have confirmed ratified given and
graunted and by these presentes do ratify confirme give and graunt unto Richard
cAiw.als of the Barber-Surgeons. 441
Tholnv.vood Maister of the sayd mistery and coffiunatie Nicholas Archenbolde Thomas
Burston and John Fielde Governors of the sayd Corporation mistery and comunaltie of
Barbours and Chirurgeons and to their successors by the name of Maister and Gouvernours,
and to the whole Assistantes Company and fellowshippe of the sayd Corporation mistery
and cofnunaltie of Barbours and Chirurgeons within this Citie of London and to their
successors for evermore : And they the same to have, hold, use beare enjoy and shew
forthe in shylde, seale, banner or banner rolles, standard or standardes, penon or penons,
pencell or pencelles or otherwise to their honors and worshippes at all tymes and for ever
heerafter at their, libertie and pleasure without the impediment let molestation or
interruption of eny person or personnes, In witnesse wherof we the sayd Garter
Clarencieulx & Norroy Kinges of Armcs have signed these presentes with our handes
unto our several! scales of Amies, the second day of June In the yere of
the nativitie of our Lorde Jesus Christ A thousande five hundred sixty nyne And in the
eleventh yere of our most dread souvereigne Lady Elizabeth by the grace
of god Queene of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defendor of the faithe &c.
Gilbert Dethicke ats. garter principall Kinge of arms.
Rob Cooke Alias Clarencieulx Roy Darmes.
p'moy Wyllam fflower alias Norrey Roy Darmes.
Entred approved & allowed in the visitation made 1634
Hen: St. George
Richmond.
It will be observed that this grant recites that it plainly appeared
that the grant of 10th July, 1561, v/as [«.] contrary to the words of the
Corporation {i.e., Incorporation) of the said Barbers and Surgeons, and
[^.] contrary to and not agreeing with the ancient laws and rules of
arms.
With regard to the former assertion [a.] I take it that the grant
being made to the " Master and Governors of the Corporation Mystery
and Commonalty of Barbers and Surgeons " and not to the " Masters
and Governors of the Mystery and Commonalty of Barbers and
Surgeons of London" as they are styled in the Act 32 Hen. VIII,
offended the precise Heralds of 1569, and that it was indeed a technical
defect and contrary to the exact words of the incorporation.
3 l
442
cAmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
As to the second point \b.~\ there cannot be any doubt but that
Hervey committed a violation of one of the fundamental and most
ancient laws of heraldry, viz., that colour must not be on colour (nor
metal on metal). He gave the Company on their old sable field, a
chief with gules and vert thereon ! This greatly shocked old Garter,
Clarencieux, and Norroy, and enabled them, whilst recording the
blunder of one of their predecessors, to extract a good fee from the
Barber-Surgeons for a new grant.
FEASTS.
HERE is a wide-spread impression that the Livery
Guilds exist principally for the purpose of feasting,
and there are unscrupulous persons who do not
hesitate to affirm that the Courts of the Companies
act as fraudulent trustees, and are consenting parties
to the malversation of trust and charity property,
eating up money which it is audaciously pretended belongs to the
" people of London."
These statements have been assiduously put forth by a
certain class of politicians whose acquaintance with the true details
of the case must be absolutely nil, and who it is but reasonable
to suppose, are willing to assume that the gentlemen who manage
the affairs of the Companies are in the habit of acting as their
traducers would do, had they but the opportunity.
To any one conversant with the history and management of
the Livery Guilds, these assertions are known to be false. Here
and there, as in every concern in life, improprieties and errors in
judgment may have occurred, but it is confidently asserted, and
capable of proof, that no charitable or trust funds suffer from
3 L 2
444 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
feasting ; indeed, on the contrary, the practice has obtained for
centuries, with but few exceptions, for the members of the guilds
to themselves supply the funds which are spent upon their enter-
tainment, and for the surplus accumulations of these funds to be
applied to the augmentation of charities and trusts. It has certainly
been so in the Barber-Surgeons' Company, and for a long period
the calls upon the Livery for feasting purposes (when the custom
was to nominate Stewards in rotation) were a severe strain upon
the members, and occasioned great irritation and ill-feeling.
The earliest practice in the Companies would appear to be
that the Livery and their wives attending the feasts, paid a stipulated
sum per head, and we know this by our records to have been so
in our Company long before the time of Richard II. This custom
was altered in later times, and we find that certain appointed enter-
tainments were given on fixed days, to which all members were
invited, and which were paid for by fines laid down upon admission
to the freedom, and further fines on going on to the Livery and
Court. In addition to this, each Liveryman had, in his turn, to
serve " the office of Steward," that is, to join with four or five others
in providing the costs of certain dinners.1
The fees on admission into the Companies are greatly in excess
of the ancient ones, and it is mainly from this source of revenue that
the expenses of the feasts are now defrayed. It is so in the Barbers'
Company, but, if at any time these funds have temporarily been found
insufficient for the purpose, they have been supplemented from a
property, which is in no sense a Charity Estate, or subject to any trust
whatsoever.
1 The office of Steward is not now served, but each Liveryman on admission pays a special fine of fifteen
guineas in lieu, which is applied towards the cost of the entertainments.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 445
There have been and are, good men of business on the Courts,
and by prudent investments of surplus funds derived from fees, fines,
etc., a property has been created, which is exclusively their very own
to deal with as they please. We have, amongst many others, the
opinion of Lord Chancellor Selborne very decisively to this effect, and
also one, which by the traducers of the Companies ought to be respected,
for it is that of Sir Horace Davey, O.C., who was consulted by the
Livery Companies' Commission — a Commission notoriously hostile to
the guilds. Sir H. Davey stated that they would " not be justified in
recommending that the corporate property of the Companies should
be taken from them by the State." He further reported that, such
an act "would be an act of confiscation, and would not unreasonably
shake the confidence of the owners of property in the security of
the rights of property. It must be remembered that the Estates of
these Companies have been recognised, and held by the Courts of
Law, to be as much their property with a full right of disposition,
as the property of individuals." Truly, the Commissioners must have
said to their legal adviser as Balak of old said to Baalam, " I took
thee to curse mine enemies, and behold thou hast blessed them
altogether ! "
It is a pleasing characteristic of all true Englishmen that they
love to meet together around a festive board ; while their hospitality in
inviting their friends, or the eminent and great in all sections of society
to partake with them has happily not gone out of fashion, and, spite of
the sour critics of the guilds, we fervently trust that it never may.
1388. In the return to a writ, 12th Richard II, the Masters of
the Barbers certified, amongst other matters, that it was their practice
" once a year to assemble to feast," and that they had an ordinance
by which none of the brotherhood were to pay more than \/\d. each
towards the feast.
446 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ioth May, 1435. Among the Ordinances of the Surgeons was
one that each member was to " paie 3eerli to the dyner of the craft
that is to seie oonys a3eer on the dai of Seint luke ech man lich mich
whethir he be p sent or absent," i.e., once a year on St. Luke's day
each man was to pay like much whether present or absent.
28th September, 1503. It was ordained that every member
attending the dinner the day on which the Wardens were presented
to the Lord Mayor was to pay 2od., and if he brought his wife with
him, then 2s.
The Barber-Surgeons from the earliest times appear to have
entertained the ladies at certain feasts, and their unique toast " The
Good Wives, Merry Maids and Buxom Widows of the Worshipful
Company of Barbers " is traditionally said to have had its origin in
Elizabeth's time.
14th May, 1530. The following is amongst the ordinances
signed by Sir Thomas More at this date —
And where of olde Custume yerely upon the Sondaye next ensuyng the
ffeaste of Seynt Bartholomew the appostell1 a dyner is kept and provyded for theym of
the lyvery of the said Company in their Comen halle called Barbers hale And on the
daye of saynt Cosme & Damian - yf it be not on the saterday a dyn° for them of the
same compani owt of the lyverey It is ordeyned and enacted that ev0y man that hathe
been upper maister or upper GovVior of the said Company shall paye at and for the
same dyner xijd for hymselff and viij'1 for his wyffe yff she come. And ev°y other man
beying of the lyverey of the same Company shall paye in likewyse for hym selffe viij'1
and for his wyffe yff she come liy4 Provided alwaye that the maisters or Gov°nors
of the said Company for the tyme beyng shall paye nothing for their wyfff comyng
to the dyner for that yere fforasmoche as their Wyfff must of necessitte be theire to
helpe that ev°y thyng theire be sett in ordre. And that ev°y man of the said Company
beyng owt of the lyverey shall pay at and for his dyner on the said morowe viij'1 and
for his wyffe yff she come iiijd'
1 24th August. '-' 2;th September.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 44J
8th July, 1552. The earliest entry in the Court Minutes on this
subject is a doleful one, for it was ordered " That there shalbe nodynner
kept this yere."
19th September, 1552. William Bette was appointed "Cooke
for the Hall," and Steven Reede the " Butler." John Edwards (a
Freeman) was to supply the flowers on the feast days.
28th July, 1555. It was ordered that the Masters should have
a yearly allowance of £7 for the Election dinner, and that none should
be at the dinner but Liverymen.
22nd July, 1556. This allowance was increased to ,£13 6s. 8d.
20th February, 1567. Henry Smith, yeoman to Lord Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, was admitted to the freedom, and because
he had been frankly and freely admitted to the freedom of the City at
the suit of the Duke of Norfolk, the Marquess of Northampton and the
Earl of Leicester, he paid nothing but 3.9. zp/., and zp/. for entering his
name —
but the same daye the saide Henry Smythe gave the Mr & goy'iio" and
assystenP a dynar at his owne p°pr coste & charges franckely and gratefully and also he
hath forder more p°mysed and graunted to geve one boock1 of season to serve at the
dynar upon the daye of the Electyon.
28th July, 1593. No greate dyner was agreed upon but a smale repast w'h the
allowance of xls and nether wemen nor children to come to or hall upon the daie of the
newe ellecion.
25th August, 1600. There having been abuses at the feasts, an
order was made for their reformation which stated —
that the bodye of this Company hath susteyned much disparagement by reason
that some of the livery and others noe white at all respectinge the worshipp of this
Company have not onely by themselves but alsoe by their servants and apprentices
1 Buck.
448 o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
disfurnished the tables att ffeastes whereat they have sitten to pleasure their private
frendes contrary to all modestie and good government. Doe therefore order for
reformacon thereof by the aucthoritye aforesaid That noe p°son of the Lyvery of this
Companye beinge not of the Assistaunce of the same, shall not att any tyme hereafter
suffer any of his children frendes servants or apprentices to staye or attende uppon him or
his wiefe att any ffeaste to be kepte in the saide Comon Hall [tender a penalty of 6s. &/.].
An order was also made that no Assistant should have more than one
servant or apprentice to attend upon him and his wife at any feast.
2 1 st January, 1601. Whereas by the death of Robert Gray late Cooke to this
Company the house was unfurnished of a Cooke to serve the said mistery And therefore
divers Cookes became this daie shewters to this Courte for the place of the said Robert
Gray beinge then voyd, yet notwithstandinge forasmuch as Margaret Grey wiefe to the
said Robert Grey became an humble Suter to the said Courte for the same place, it was
ordered by the whole consente of this Courte That the said Margcret Grey be admitted
Cooke to this Company duringe the tyme she shall well and honestlie and sufficientlie
behave her selfe therin And she to receave such fee and salary therefore as at any tyme
heretofore hath beene graunted to the said Robert Grey Provided alhvaies that she finde
all vessells belongeinge to a Cooke And that she execute the said place by a sufficient
deputy beinge such a p°sonn as the Mrc of this Company for the tyme beinge shall like
well of and shall thinke fitt.
Margery, however, does not seem to have " honestlie and
sufficientlie behaved her selfe," for as appears by an entry —
6th May, 1602. This daye Margery Grey late wyef to Robert Grey was dismissed
from being any more Coocke to this Company for speciall causes to the Mrs best knowen.
The Plague was raging severely in London in 1603, and the
following precept was addressed to the Company, who however
seem to have disregarded it, as the Election and Audit dinners
were held this year. It is only fair, however, to state that
the Court disbursed considerable sums of money amongst the poor
stricken people.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 44c)
13th April, 1603. By the Maior.
To The Mr and Wardens Whereas I and my Brethen th°aldren duely consideringe
of the Company of w"1 our seve had, the present infeccon of this Cittie
Harbor Surgeons. ; liberties and Suburbs & the greate multitud of poore
people wch by reason of the said infeccSn have theire howsees shut upp and restrayned as
well from goeinge abroad as theire daylie trads and labors wherew"1 theie were accustomed
to mayntaine themselves theire wieves and families and doe at this p^sent by reason thereof
endure greate wante and extremities Have thought fitt that all publique feastinge and
coinen dinners at every the severill Halles and ComPn metings of corporacon and
Companies w"'in this Cittie shall duringe the tyme of gods visitacon amoge us
be wholely forborne and left of. And that one third parte of the chardge and expenses
intended to be bestowed and spent uppon the said feastinges and dinners shalbe whoelie
bestowed and geven for and towardes the reliefe of the most miserable poore and needie
p°sons whose howse it shall please almighty god to visit Theis therefore in all xpian
Charitie shalbe to praie and desire you y" you take p°nte order that from hencefort &
duringe this p°nte infeccon you wholely forbeare to keape any Comen feastinge or dinners
at youre Hall orells wheare for the like purposes And that you take pn°te order wlh the
Wardens of youre Companye and all such other of youre Company as should be at any
chardge or yeald any contraBn' to any Comen feastes and Dinners for youre Companie
duringe the same tyme to paie and contrabute one thirde parte thereof in readie money to
some one honest and discrete person of your Companie whom you shall appoynte to
receave the said some of money and to paie it ov° to one Robert fflecton Groc° noiated
and appoynted by mee & my Brethen the aldren to be receaved from the Companies of
such somes of money. All wch somes of money shalbe from tyme to tyme wholelie and
truelie distributed by order of mee and my Bretheren the aldren amongst the most nedie
and poore infected pnsons Yeoven at Guildhall this thirteenth daie of Aprill 1603.
Sebrightt.
6th January, 1609. This daye it is ordered that none of the officers wyves shall
at any tyme hereafter followe the Mrs to places where they dyne w"'out the Mre consentf
uppon payne of the Mrs displeasures.
1609. The dinners were usually held on Election and Audit
days, on Lord Mayor's day, and after all public dissections, besides
Committee dinners (which usually were at taverns), and this year it was
ordered that a dinner was to be held on " Gunpowder Day."
1 Contribution.
3 M
450 zA 'finals of the Barber-Surgeons.
2 1 st August, 1 609. This day it was ordered that from henceforth all such as are of
the Livery should give toward^ the charge of the musicke on the Election day vjrt a peice
which they then begun and confirmed.
The reason of the next order was, that in consequence of the
poverty of the Company at this time, the usual allowance of £8 made
by the Court towards the Mayor's feast, could not be granted.
2nd October, 1610. At this Court Richard Cade & Richard Coop0 whoe are
appoynted for Steward^ of the Mayors ffeast are contented at theire owne chardgf to
provide and make the same ffeast as fully as formf'ly y' hath been, only this their provision
for their quantitie of their messes are not to be soe many for that noe wyves nor guestC
are to be bydden or brought to the same ffeast.
1 8th September, 161 1. Att this Court Sebright the Cook is dismissed from his
place of beinge Cook to this howse as well for that he did dresse their last dynner very
badlie as for his ill usage in speeches towardC the maisters wyves and for dyv°se other
abuses by him heretofore committed.
2nd July, 1612. At this Court our Mr & Mr Warden Johnson moving this
Court that the Barbors as well as the Surgeons might be bedden to the dynn°s that are
keept at the examinacon of surgeons whereupon it was at this Court ordered & agreed
that as many of the Auntient Mre & gov'no'5 being barbo'5 should & shalbe bidde unto
every such dynner as there shalbe Surgeons beinge examiners at ev'y such dynner.
2 1 st January, 161 3. It was ordered that the Master and
Wardens, with four of the Ancient Masters, should for the " worship
& credytt of this Company," yearly go and visit the Lord Mayor at
dinner, and that 2C\r. each should be allowed them for their " charges"
of the same. This allowance of 20s. each was probably given to some
officer of the Lord Mayor to secure his favour towards the Company.
6th February, 161 3. An order was made that at the dinner
after any private anatomy, any of the Livery, either I5arbers or
Surgeons, might come thereto on payment of 12c/. each.
1 6th September, 161 3. This daie it is thought fitt & ordered that the widdowes
of this company \vch doe paie their quarterage shalbe bidden to the ffeast^ in the hall.
o/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 451
14th October, 1613. Att this Court it is ordered that such widdowes as have
been masters wyves and doe keepe shoppes or bynd apprPtices shall paye their quarteradge
but for such as doe neither keepe shoppes nor bynd appn^ticf they shall not paye any
quarteradge And yet not\v"'standinge they shalbe bydden to the feastf3 yerelie.
24th May, 1 6 14. Whereas this Company hath receaved a preceptt from the
lord Mayor of this citty forbidding thereby all superfluitie & excesse of Dyet at the ffeastf
of this company and thereby injoyning that such feastf as accustomably have been made
& provided by this Company shalbe hereafter keept more sparingly & frugally then in
former tymes they have, Wherefore it is ordered that there shalbe keept & made on the
ellection daie this yere ensuing a smale ellection dynner according to the tenor of the
said precept.
25th August, 1 6 14. The above precept soon being forgotten
it was this day ordered —
that there shalbe kept an Auditt dynner in such manner & forme as formerlie
in other yeares have byn accustomed. And such allowance as formerlie hath byn allowde
is to be paid by the howse.
10th July, 1615. At this Court it is ordered that the Cooke shalbe removed &
displaced from his place of beinge Cooke of this Companie not onely for that he hath
abused and wronged manie who have byn Mre & Steward^ of the feastf in unsemelie
wordf but for a generall dislike taken against him by this howse & for not p°forminge
his office in such sorte as is right he shold & ought to doe.
1624. The funds being very low this year the Court held no
election dinner, but regaled themselves with cakes and wine, and the
following order was made for the Yeomanry : —
2nd September, 1624. This Court being moved whether the yeomanry of ya
Compa. should hould any election dinner or noe. It is for the reason then shewne
expressely ordered with a generall consent that the yeomanry shall onely keepe their
Election as this Court lately did onely with Cakes and wyne and neither feast musick
or sermon to be had at that time.
20th July, 1625. This daye the letter directed to this Companye from my lord
Maior of London in effect tending the prohibiting of publicke feastingf in our Hall and
the contributeing of those moneys that should be saved thereby the one halfe to be paid
unto the chamber of London and the other halfe to the poore of our Companie, so
hereupon it is ordered by this Courte y' Ten poundf shalbe distributed to the poore
3 M 2
452 a/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of this Companie at the discretion of the present M's & noe money at all to be paid
into the Chamber of London.
ioth July, 1628. This daye our Mr propounding to this Court whether there
should be a greate Election dinner or a small dinner or onely Cakes and wine upon
the next Election daye for choise of new Mrs, whereupon by most voyces it was ordered
that there should be a greate Election dinner held this yeare and the allowance of
xx1' towardf that charge to be defrayed.
28th January, 1631. This Court being informed of Swinncrtons abusive and
naughtie pewter from tymc to tyme brought to serve this Hall at feastf doe dismisse
him from serving that place any longer.
20th September, 1632. It is ordered by this Court that the Twoe Governors
that are Surgians shalbe at the charge and give the venison that shalbe used at their
solepiie' feasts and those twoe Governo'5 Surgians and the other twoe Governora Barbars
to paye joynetly & sev°ally share and share like amongst them 4 the charge for fees
and fetching the venison soe to be brought to or Hall.
8th March, 1637. Whereas the Lord Windsor & Sr Tho. Bludder brothers of
this Company were invited to dine here when Mr Die made his dinner that the fare
was enlarged. It is ordered that that addicon of fare amounting to 50s shalbe allowed
out of the stock.
6th April, 1638. Whereas the Companie intendeth to invite the Lords of
ye privye Counsell & other Lords &: pnsons of state at the dedicacon of the Theater
& first anatomicall publiqe opacons" there It is ordered by this Court & theis p°sons
following were appointed to give their attendance in the Hall upper priors & Theater
at the enterteynment of the lords on mondaye next viz'
Edward Charley Edward ffleete
Henry Eaton Hen : Wateson
Edward Arris Hen : Boone
are appointed & have promised to
attend on the Lords in Liverye
Thomas Allen John Dorrell gownes to carry up the Lords diett
Lawrence Lowe John Lufkin & attend them at dinner.
Thomas Turner John Perkins J
Mr Wateson to be Gentleman Sewer.
Thomas Browne to be Husher of the Hall.
John Perkins to be Groome of the Lords Chamber.
John ffoster to be Groome of the Hall.
1 Solemn. - Operations.
^Annuls of the Barber-Surgeons. 453
Nathan: fibster beadle to be attendant at the outer streete gate with a white
staffe in his hand.
Also Mr Joseph Coop0 the Princes Cooke is desired to p°vide messe of meate for
the Lordf diett in y° greate p^lor.
The following expenses of this Entertainment are extracted
from the Great Audit Book, the first item being probably a Committee
dinner to settle details with Mr. Cooper, the King's Cook.
1638. Paid by consent for a Dinner at the Dragon in Cheape
6 Aprill for the Companie and the princes Cooke if ijs iiijd
The Entertainment and Dyninge of the Lords of the Councell in
our great parlour at the publique anatomye.
paid to the Butler for Lynnen and plate & Attendauce v1'
paid to the Pewterer for hire of Pewter then v1'
Given to Mr Cooper the Princes Cooke that dressed the Lords dynner v"
paid to two Upholsters for the hier of stooles and chaire - xls
paid to the Vinctner for wine then - - viij" iijs
paid to the princes Cooke for soe much disbursed by him for the
Lords diett as to the Butcher Poulterer hearbewoomen fruiterer
Grocer fishmonger and Under Cookes as by bill appeareth the
some of ---------- - lviij" viijs
paid to Stacke for a bushell of flower xjs vjd and 2 dozen of stale
bread ijs - - xiijs vj'1
paid for faggottf and Charcoales as by bill xxvjs vjd
paid for stronge beare and six shillings beere by bill xxxvs and for
carryinge in js iiijd - - xxxvj* iiijd
paid for hire of Venice glasses and pottf &c and for those pottf and
glasses that were broaken - - - - - xxxiiij5
paid for 4" of double refined sugar - ... viijs iiijd
paid for 3 dossen of french bread - - - - - iijs
paid to the Waterman and Porter that brought the beere in Bottles
from the Lord Chamberlaines - - - Vs
paid for the hier of two Close stooles - - vjs viijd
paid to the porter that brought a dozen of silver dishes from the Lord
of Hollands - xviijd
454 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
paid to Tryman Payne his Scullery man - - Vf vj'1
paid to John Bluddcr of the Kings Wardrobe for bringinge and
hanginge the great Parlour w"1 Tapestry - ... Xxs
To John Bare my Lord Chamberlaynes Pantryman - xs
And to one of his Scullery men ... - xs
And to the Lady of Devonshires man that brought the silver dishes - vs
Paid for bread when the Lords dined there - - - xijs
Sumrn. lxxxxiij'1 vs iiij
;;;;d
20th June, 1638. Upon the complaint of the losse of a silver spoone the last
dinner in the Hall and diver other times napkins & pewter dishes this Court doth
order that when dinner goes in, the outer Wickett doore shalbe alwayes locked &
the key thereof brought in and layed by or Mr for the time being till dinner be ended
& the plate naperye & dishes gathered up & soe discharged.
The next entry would seem to indicate that some previous
gift for the purchase of books had unhappily been diverted into a
wrong channel.
2nd March, 1640. £6 given by Mistress Napkin & Mistriss Eaton is
absolutely ordered to buy bookes & not disbursed or dispended in Drinking.
The following circumstance is significant, as exactly one
hundred years later the separation which Mr. Foster desired, and for
which he got into trouble, became an accomplished fact.
6th November, 1645. Mr. Ralph Foster was complained of
for refusing to make his dinner to the Court on his election as an
Assistant, and he thereupon uttered certain speeches "tending to the
separation of the Barbers from the Surgeons," for which he was
reprimanded, whereupon he promised to make his dinner and to say no
more about disunion.
23rd October, 1649. Upon reading the precept requiring
the Livery to attend the Lord Mayor Elect to Westminster in their
Barge, it was ordered that the Livery should be warned to perform
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
455
that service in accordance with old custom, and "that there be a ffeast
at the Hall on that day for the said Livery, But in respect of the
hardnes and troubles of the times this Court doth consent that there
be noe second course and noe Woeman at the same ffeast."
Among the Company's archives are four books containing many
details of the feasts held between the years 1676 and 1790. They
appear to have been kept by the various cooks, probably under the
direction of the Clerk, and the following gleanings from them will
be found to be replete with interest.
The first entry is as follows —
July ye4th 1676 for barber sirgons hall Cortt diner.
Leag of mutton boyld
Sr Loyne of befe
Shoulder of Venison
ffor a Leag of Mutton
ffor a Sirloyne of befe
ffor a Shoulder of venison
3 chickins 3 rabets -
8 harty chockes
ffrut
fyring
3 pound of butter
veniger -
peper & other spice -
oyle & salt
Gallindine
4 Colliflouers -
ffor dressing Diner -
Sallet
Neack of Mutton
3 Chickens 3 Rabets
8 harty Chockes for 2
dishes
2 small Dishes of frut
4$6
^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons.
July ye 27th 1676 ffor ye Asestance & lhar wivfes att barbar sirgons
ffor 5 Dishis of Chickins & Backon & Colliflours boyld
ffor a side of venison -
ffor 3 Sir Loynes of befe - - -
ffor 1 fore rebb for breackfast ---------
ffor a neack of vele &: muton -
ffor 3 Grand Sallets ------
ffor puting 3 peces of venison in past .......
ffor 3 Dishis of geses 2 in a dish - - ------
ffor 3 made Dishis & 18 Chescaks - -
ffor 3 Dishis of Turkes & sas1 2 in a dish - ...
ffor 3 Lumbard pyes- - -
ffor 4 Dishis of Toung & udders - -
ffor 3 Custtords - -
ffor a firckin of Sturjon -
ffor 4 Dishis of Chickins & pigons - - -
ffor y° use of putter - - - ...---
ffor wood and coles - - -----
ffor 3 Dishis of Tarts
ffor 3 Dishis of oringes & lemonds - - - -
ffor a small dish of frute - - -
ffor worckmen & labarars and my owne paines - - .
3 Dishis of frut - - -
ti.
s.
d.
2
10
0
I
4
0
I
10
0
O
8
0
O
7
0
O
12
0
I
4
0
O
18
0
O
15
0
O
18
0
I
4
0
I
4
0
O
12
0
2
0
0
I
4
0
I
0
0
0
12
0
I
1
0
O
7
6
O
2
6
I
0
0
0
0
0
20
13
0
The monthly dinners were very much after the foregoing
Bill of fare, and the following extracts of some of the more
interesting items are taken at random.
October, 1676. ffor 2 piges3 - - 070
2 pullets rostted with saseges & oystters - - 050
ffor 3 Gallions of oysters - - 140
ffor 18 lb. of medling backon 012 o
ffor 8 lb. of lardin backon - ° 5 4
1 Turkeys and sauce. '" Pewter. 3 Pigs.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 45J
The dinner on Lord Mayor's Day, 1676, cost £26 6s. \d.,
this was exclusive of wine. The "buttered ale" on this occasion
was compounded as follows — ■
1 C of Eages1 & 8 Gallions of Ale - o 5 4
2 lb. of butter - -012
8 lb. of sugar - .... 040
1 ounce of nuttmages - - - - 005
o 10 1 1
December, 1676. ffor4Duckes- 048
January, 1677. ffor 1 quart of oyle - 020
January, 1677. ffor 2 quarts of venigar - 010
March, 1677. A quarttern of Smelts - 020
18 vvhitting - o i 6
a Jegett of mutton - 046
6 capons- - 0130
9 chickins - 0120
9 Rabets - 060
7 Lobstars - 094
a side of Lamb - -056
ffor Lorell flouers & fenell- - - 006
ffor flouer spice & Anchoves - - 016
May, 1677. ffor 2 Calfes heads - -060
ffor 4 hundreds of sparagar - o 3 4
ffor 3 wasfalia names - 100
Cucumbers under the designation of "cockinbers" and some-
times "cowcombers," together with sorell, barbery, " samfer," "lorell
flouers," capers, anchovies, oranges and lemons, " gallindene,"
"carberys," horse reddish, parsley, "red cabbeg," etc., frequently
occur at this period as being used for garnishes and in the preparation
of the dinners.
' Eggs.
3 N
458
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
March, 1678. ffor a Hole fresh Cod - o 14
ffor 1 2 teale and 3 docks' - o 1 5
ffor 4 quartes of oysters - - 08
ffor 3 dishis of pipins & Caraways - o 4
May, 1678. ffor 7 Grene geese - o 19
July, 1678. ffor 4 Battelia pyes - 2 8
September, 1678. ffor a Maria puding o 4
October, 1678. a dish of florindines - o 6
The staple dishes about this
Westphalia hams.
Sirloins of beef.
Necks of veal and mutton.
Boiled legs of pork.
" Midlin " bacon.
Tongues and udders.
Dishes of Pigeons.
Dishes of Turkeys.
Sturgeon.
Ling.
Dishes of tarts.
Apple pie.
Custards.
Mince pies.
Grand salads.
Sparagrasse.
Sprouts.
Colliflowers.
period were —
Venison pasties.
Ribs of beef.
Rabbits.
Capons and sausages.
Pullets and oysters.
Geese.
" Lumber" pies.
" Tansies."
Cod.
Eel pies.
" Maid dishes."
Dishes of fruit.
Almond florandines.
Oranges and lemons.
French benes.
Spinidge.
Turnops.
Hartychockes.
The pudding now so well known at Barbers' Hall as " Barbers'
pudding," was originally " Maria pudding," then " mara," later on
Ducks.
a/1 una Is of the Barber-Surgeons. 459
spelt "nlaro," and finally "marrow pudding," by which latter designation
it is often now called.
September, 16S4. ffor 8 oringes - 018
Poultry seems to have been cheap, as for the election dinner
in this year —
7 Geese were bought for - 146
16 Turkeys ,, 1 14 8
39 Chickens ,, 1 19 o
90 Pigeons ,, ,, 163
The allowance to the " musick " at nearly every dinner was
a shoulder of mutton, sometimes supplemented by two rabbits. The
cost of " dressing " the monthly dinners was usually about 8s., and
of the Election, Audit and quarterly Courts £\ 10s. to £\.
May, 1685. ffor 2 dishes of Pidgon and Backon and spinig- 016 o
2 dishes of Mackerell - - - - - - 060
August, 1687. This election dinner was a little above the
average, the following being the details —
for a Brace of Bucks - - 8130
for Putting them in 8 Pastyes - 400
for 6 Sr Loynes of Beef and a four rib for brakefast 340
4 Westfalia hams ------ 1 1 1 o
7 Lumber pyes - - 2160
7 Marrow puddings - - 115c
7 Custarts - 7116
7 Dishes of Tarts - 220
7 Dishes of Tonges and Udders '• 1 5 o
7 Gees - - - '5s
14 Torkeyes - 1 1 1 6
45 Chickins - 25°
4 Dozen and i of Pidgeoiih ° '3 6
12 Partriges - - - 0120
a Shoulder of Mutton & 2 Rabits for the musick 050
12 pound of midling Bakon and Lard - o S o
3x2
460 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
24^ pound of fresh butter - - o 17 o
for Artechoaks Cabidg french beans Lawrell Parsly and herbs to garnish - 090
flower Salt and Salt butter for the range - 056
for Gallindine and Goos sace ' - 036
for Viniger - -060
for Brooms packthread Candels and other things - 010
Wood and coles - 100
Kooks and Laberours and my own pains - 300
2 pounds of Loaf Suger - - - 2 o o
40 6 8
May, 1688. Is the first mention of a " creem chees " 008
December, 1692. With the exceptions of ling, sturgeon, and
salt fish with egg sauce, but little other fish appears to have been eaten.
On this occasion, however, we find —
2 Dishis of fresh Cod Drest with Shrimps & Anchove Sawse - o 14 o
ffor 6 Whitings ------- 020
October, 1693. Green peas are for the first time referred to
amongst the vegetables, and, singularly enough, they only occur once in
each year for many years, and then at the October dinners !
June, 1698. 2 pounds of fine powdered sugar for the Strawberrys 014
July, 1704.
The Stewards Dinner.
A legg of mutton rosted ------ 028
A buttered appel pye 030
Cheese to y° appel pye - 002
3 Quartes of Coffee 030
0810
Sauce.
^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons. 46 j
May, 1707. ffor 15 Mackril o 10 o
16 Gooseberry tartes 080
Caper sauce for the mutton o 1 o
April, 1708. A Frygusse of Lamb 060
20th September, 1709. It was ordered, in consequence of the
great increase in the Livery, that there should be six instead of five
stewards of the Mayor's Feast to make the Livery dinner, and any
liveryman chosen to the office and refusing to serve was to be
prosecuted under the by-laws. The fine for not serving was ,£13 6s. 8d.,
and was invariably enforced, numerous cases of refusal being decided
at law in favour of the Company. Six WhifHers were as usual,
appointed "to be attendant upon the Govern" at the Hall upon the
next Lord Mayors day in comely & decent Apparrell with gilded
Chaines & white Staves."
6th November, 1 7 1 7. In consequence of irregularities at
the Lord Mayor's feast, it was ordered that in future the Stewards
should be prohibited from bringing their wives and friends to the dinner.
1 72 1. The third dinner book opens with an account of the
receipts of the Governors' " Potation Money " for this year, amounting
to ^131 us. 2d., the contributions being from Barbers one guinea,
and from Surgeons two guineas each. This potation money was
spent at the Mitre Tavern in Fleet Street, on ten Monthly Court
dinners, which averaged the modest sum of ,£4 4^. apiece, and the
remainder was disbursed about the election feast, wine and sundries.
The cost of the Mayor's feast this year was £67 "js., and at
this dinner was drunk a hogshead of port (query), six gallons of
mountain, six gallons of white port, and three gallons of canary.
o
IO
0
1
0
i7
0
2
9
0
I
15
0
4b 2 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
July 19th, 1722. At the ladies' feast the following wine was
drunk —
30 Gallons Red Port at js.
11 ,, Sherry at js.
7 ,, Canary at js.
5 ,, Rhenish at js. -
and 4.?. were expended on tobacco and pipes.
1726. The monthly Court dinners were held at the George
and Vulture Tavern, nine of them costing in all £ig 13.C gd.
The Election dinner this year cost ^91 8.v. od.
And the Lord Mayor's feast ,£72 is. io}4d.
June, 1729. The monthly Court dinner was held at "Vaux
Hall." "
The accounts throughout the Third Dinner Book (1720-1740)
appear to be much the same every year. First is a list of receipts
for Potation Money, averaging about ^100 per annum, then follow
the allowances out of the same towards the Election dinner, the
dressing it and use of pewter, about £19 in all, the payments for
the monthly Court dinners (nine or ten at about £ai \s. each), and
the expenses of the Election feasts, about ^80 to ,£90 a piece.
The cost of the Lord Mayor's feast, the Livery feast, and
the Ladies' feast, was borne by the Stewards.
There were gay doings at some of these dinners, as witness
the following :
1726. 1'aid the Boy who danced the anticks at the Lady's feast, 5.?.
1727. By Cash paid the Butchers who played to the Company with their
Marrow bones and cleavers on Lord Mayor's day, is.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4 6)
And there were sometimes rather shady doings after the
dinners, thus :
10th July, 1729. Meindm. Mr Truelove & Mr Fradin carried away yu next
morning after yc feast four Dozen Quarts of Wine, One whole Venison pasty, One
whole Goose, one whole fowl, & several lemons & sugar.
1st February, 1732. Mr. John Atkinson and the other
Stewards of the Mayor's feast, employed a cook of their own, and
" did make a most scandalous Dinner for ye Co.," whereupon order
was given that in future no other than the "Standing Cooke" of
the Company should be employed.
One is astounded at the quantity of wine which appears to
have been imbibed at some of these dinners ; take, for example, the
following on Lord Mayor's Day, 1735, and note that it is especially
stated that the wine was "drank at the said feast":
Paid for the following quantitys of wine provided for and drank at the said
feast, viz'-
To Mr Standert for 2 1 Gall Red Port - 660
2 Gall Lisben - 0120
2 Gall Mountaine - 0120
2 Gall Canary - 0130
29 Bottles lost - 0410
To Mr Gaywood for 20 Gall Red Port 600
2 Gall Mountaine - 0120
2 Gall Lisbone - 0120
2 Gall Canary • - - - 0130
To Mr- Pierce for 2 Gall Lisben - 0120
2 Gall Mountaine - - 0120
2 Gall Canary - -0130
20 Gall Red Port -. - -600
By the above account these thirsty old Barber-Surgeons seem
to have consumed no less than 79 Gallons of wine at this dinner.
4 64 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
15th July, 1736. 56 gallons of wine were drunk at the Ladies'
feast.
21st July, 1726. It is order11 That from henceforward at all publick Feasts or
Dinners to be held or made at the Hall the Cook of the Company for the time being
shall before he sends the Dinner into the Hall deliver to the Clark of the Company at his
House his Messe of meat consisting of six compleat dishes according to the Ancient laws
and usage of the Company in that behalf the same being the ancient flee & Perquisite
of the Clerk.
2 1 st August, 1729. The above order was vacated inconsequence
of disputes as to the contents and number of the dishes supplied to the
Clerk, and it was ordered that the Clerk should receive £$ 5^. annually
in lieu of his " messe of meat," and also that he should dine at all the
feasts "as he has always been accustomed to do."
1st February, 1731. For the better regulating of the Ladys Feast It is ordered
That every Member of the Court of Assistants shall besides his Lady and one daughter
have three tickets to be delivered to such persons as they shall think fitt to be admitted to
come and dance at the Hall at Five of the Clock on that day and that there shall be two
Constables to attend at the Hall gate and see that nobody is admitted but with such
Ticketts and that the Ticketts be made out by the Clerk of the Company and sealed with
the Company's seal.
The Summons to a Liveryman to take upon himself the office of
Steward was of a very peremptory nature, as will be seen by the
following : —
Sr
By order of the Mars or Govre of the Mystery & Comonalty of Barbers &
Surgeons of London, I do hereby give you notice that you having been chosen & admitted
of the Livery or Cloathing of the said Company, You are appointed by the Masters or
Govrs of the sd Compd together with Mr- Richard Penton Mr- Joseph Griffin Mr- Daniel
Pengrove and Mr Joseph Mitchell who are also Liverymen of the said Company to make
an Entertainment in the Cofnon Hall of the said Company situate in Monckwell Street in
the Parish of Saint Olave Silver Street in the City of London for the Gov" and Assistants
of the sd Company commonly called the Livery Dinner on Teusday the 3d day of June
1735 at two of the Clock in the afternoon pursuant to a By law of the said Company in
that behalf made & provided. And in case you shall neglect or refuse wthout reasonable
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 465
Excuse to join together with the said M'- Richard Penton Mr- Joseph Griffin Mr Daniel
Pengrove and Mr- Joseph Mitchell to made such Dinner on Teusday the 3d day of June
next, or to contribute and pay your share and and proporcon of the charges thereof
you will forfeit and pay to the said Mare or Gov" of the sd Mystery and Comonalty to
the use of the said Company the sum of £5. And 1 do hereby give you further
notice That the gentlemen who are to join with you in making the said dinner will meet
you at the George and Vulture Tavern in Saint Michael's Alley in Cornhill in the City of
London on Friday next being the 23rd day of this instant May at six of the clock in the
afternoon to give the proper directions for the said dinner, at which time and place you
are desired to attend for that purpose.
I am Sr
Your most obed'- humble ServL
Cha : Bernard
Clerk to the sd Company.
Herewith you will receive a copy of the Bill of Fare or a Particular of wch the sd
Entertainment is to consist.
Barbers and |
Surgeon's Hall, I " M*y I?3S
To Mr- Cha : More.
28th May, 1 74 1. By an order made this day in reference to
the Ladies' feast it was directed — ■
that the Entertainment shall continue no longer than twelve of the clock when
there shall be no more Dancing but that the Musick be then dismissed and the Company
depart.
2Sth August, 1 741. The Court having taken into consideration the ill behaviour
and abusive language of John Atkinson Distiller in White Chappell (a Liveryman of this
Company) on the last day of Election, who in a most gross manner (in the Common Hall
of this Company) the Master of the said Company did greatly insult and abuse and did
otherwise very indecently and rudely behave to other Members of the Company whereby
the Peace of the said Company then assembled was greatly disturbed, and being
determined to put a stop to and prevent the like grievances for the future by punishing all
such offendors herein Ordered that the said John Atkinson be fined for such his ill
behaviour to the Master the sum of 6s 8d and 10s for bringing in to Dinner on that day
another person with him after having been acquainted by the Master that the same was
contrary to the By laws of the said Company.
3 o
466 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1745. It is noticeable that the Potation Money fell off on the
separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers. During the three or
four preceding years the amount had been steadily running down from
an average of .£105 to £57, and there seems to have been no Election
or Livery Dinners this year, though the gallant Barbers did not forget
the Ladies, for they gave them (and themselves) a dinner at a cost
of £52 is. gd.
The Barbers, too, at this time do not seem to have drunk quite
so much wine as the Barber-Surgeons did, and in the year 1 747 is the
first mention of Beer, when 1 2s. was paid for a barrel of small Beer for
the Lord Mayor's feast, and only 68 bottles of wine were consumed on
this occasion.
Between the years 1750 and 1786 no records are kept of any
but the Mayor's feasts, though doubtless the Company did not fast
during the intervals.
There is now a striking similarity in these dinner accounts year
by year; usually there were six stewards each of whom provided, about
the years 1775, and later on, no less than 53 bottles of wine each, thus
emulating their predecessors the Barber-Surgeons ; there are numerous
references to these bottles as being quarts, so that about 80 gallons
must have been drunk at each dinner. Happily, all this is now changed.
It is noticeable from the earliest times that the Company
on every occasion of a feast, invariably hired their Pewter dishes and
plates at great cost ; it seems strange that this continual outlay should
have been incurred, instead of keeping a stock of pewter.
1830 and 1 83 1. Considerable difficulty had arisen for some
years past in procuring Stewards for the Mayor's feasts, and also in
enforcing the fines for not serving, whereupon a resolution was passed
dAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 467
that Liverymen refusing to pay the Steward's fine would not be invited
to the dinners, and would be declared ineligible to come on the Court.
The Court seem to have had grave doubts as to the efficacy of
their By-Laws in recovering at law the Steward's fines, and a case
having been prepared it was submitted to Sir James Scarlett and to Sir
Thomas Denman (the Attorney General). The opinion of the former
eminent Counsel, dated ioth October, 1832, is set out in the minutes,
and he appears to have been very clear that they would not be recover-
able, whereupon the Court ordered a letter (of 16th October) to be
addressed to the Livery, informing them of the difficulty which had
arisen by reason of Liverymen refusing to serve as Stewards in their
rotation (after having partaken of the hospitality of other Stewards in
former years), and that in consequence thereof there would be no dinner
that year. The day after this letter was sent out, Sir Thomas Denman's
opinion was handed in, and was to the opposite effect of that given by
Sir James Scarlett ! Since this period, and now, the Steward's fine is
paid on the admission of a Liveryman, and thus a source of constant
annoyance is done away with.
o 2
THE IRISH ESTATE.
HE history of the acquisition by the Corporation of
London and the City Guilds, of their estates in
Ireland has been often related, and full accounts will
be found in " Malcolm's Londinium Redivivum,"
"Herbert's Livery Companies," " Nicholl's Iron-
mongers' Company," and other works ; I shall,
therefore, only treat of the subject so far as the Barber-Surgeons
were concerned.
In 1609 when James I floated his Irish scheme, our Company
seems to have been very loath to enter into it, as would appear by the
insignificant subscriptions proffered by the Members (see page 473).
The difficulty which the Court foresaw in raising the ^100
demanded in July, 1609, was endeavoured to be surmounted by the follow-
ing ingenious proposition : there had been some previous forced loans to
the King amounting to £12$, for which the Company held the City's
bond, and as this was considered a doubtful asset, it was suggested that
^"ioo thereof should be adventured on behalf of the Company ; it is
needless to say that this innocent . suggestion was scouted, and a
peremptory precept for the ,£100 delivered, whereupon the Court
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 469
assessed the various members of the Company and with the greatest
difficulty £^o was thus raised and a further sum of £90 later on. The
Minutes referring to these transactions are especially worthy the
perusal of those persons who claim the estates of the City Companies
as being the " property of the people," or as having been " left for the
poor," &c. We see by them that (in our Company certainly, and as
doubtless an examination of records would show, in all other
Companies) the purchase of these lands in Ireland was not only
compulsory, but that it was made from moneys contributed by
individual members for the most part, and the balance from the " Stock
of the house," this "Stock" being the floating funds in the Renter
Warden's hands, derived from admissions, fines, &c. We thus see that
no " trust" money was used for the purchase, and that the estates are
saddled with no trust whatever, but are held free, and by an infinitely
better title as far as morality goes, to say nothing of legality, than
many Estates in the hands of some of the aristocratic patrons of the
busybodies bent on spoliation.
In January, 161 1, the Company were commanded by precept to
elect whether they would for their contribution accept a tract of land in
Ulster, saddled "with a condition to build upon it, or refer the letting of
it to the Irish Society, whereupon they chose the latter, and in July
following came a precept, for its morality worthy of the Land League,
for it called upon the Wardens to pay down ££>o more, or else to
absolutely lose the £120 already contributed !
The doleful answer of the Court, dated 19th July, 161 1, is
deeply interesting, and we cannot but be touched by the wrongs under
which they suffered, and which constrained them to write : — " we must
be forced (yf there be lawfull authoritie to take awaye & compell or
Company) to loose the moneys we have alreadye disburssed."
4jo d/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
James, however, did not care much about the money the
Company proposed to abandon ; what he required was a further supply,
and the proceedings thereupon are indicated by the Minute of 16th
November, 1611. Shortly after, the Company wisely applied to
" Mr Recorder " to construe the answer, but even his skill and interest
did not avail, for on 2nd July, 161 2, it was agreed that the Master and
Wardens should go before the Court of Aldermen, and "stand hardlie"
against paying any more money, especially as they had not any security
for what had been already advanced, and if committed, they were to go
to prison, rather than pay the ,£30 demanded, with a proviso that
directly they were imprisoned, the £30 was to be paid, and it was
eventually paid.
In 1 6 1 3, the Company made over their interest in the Irish
Estate to one of the Wardens, Mr. Allen, but this arrangement was
subsequently annulled.
Many more were the precepts, and the troubles in which the
Company were involved, about this business, but it is satisfactory to
record that in 1623 ^ri gs. 6d. was received on account of rents, and
in 1625 a further sum of £10 os. Sd.
The Company were, and are still, associated in their Irish
Estates with the Ironmongers', Brewers', Scriveners', Coopers',
Pewterers', and Carpenters' Companies ; but by far the largest
proportion appertains to the Ironmongers, who have always managed
the property.
In 1635, the Attorney General exhibited a Bill in the Star
Chamber against all of the Companies to the intent that they should
surrender up all their rights and evidences touching the Irish plantation,
and on our Company taking Counsel's opinion, they were advised to
submit to this monstrous piece of injustice. Judgment was given in
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 471
1637, and the Irish property of all the Companies was seized into the
King's hands. One would have thought that this flagitious iniquity
might have ended here, but by the decree of the Star Chamber, the
Citizens, in addition to the loss of their Estates, were fined ,£8,000 to
the King, and on the 8th November, 1638, our unhappy predecessors
were assessed at, and had to pay ^64 on this account, the Ironmongers
paying .£272, and other Companies according to their settled
proportions.
Notwithstanding these high-handed proceedings, the Barber-
Surgeons, ever ready to aid those in distress, voluntarily gave in
1642, what to them in those dire days of taxation was a munificent
gift, namely ^20, towards the relief of the poor Protestants in the
north of Ireland, and they further raised, under compulsion, by the
sale of their plate and the mortgage of their property, .£400, which
was "lent for the Relief of Ireland upon the faith and order of
Parliament," and not one penny of which was ever refunded !
The illegal seizures of the Irish lands in 1637 were set aside
by Charles II, who, by his Charter, 10th April, 1662, restored and
confirmed to the citizens all their former privileges and their pos-
sessions in Ireland, and thus our Company became repossessed of
its original property there.
A little previous to 1840 communications passed between
the Barbers and the Ironmongers' Companies, in reference to an
appointment which had been made by the latter Company, of
Mr. Oseland as Manager of the associated estate at a salary of
,£400 per annum. This appointment seems to have been made
without the knowledge or concurrence of the associated Companies,
and led to some little friction, but it was no doubt a wise step, and
appears, after various protests, to have been finally acquiesced in.
472 ^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons.
Our property known as the " Lizard Estate," was on lease
for lives, the sole surviving life being the then Bishop of Meath,
who was 76 years of age. The Ironmongers, in the natural expec-
tation of an early reversion to the estate, appointed Mr. Oseland
to look after the Companies' interests, and from the list of his duties
it would seem that his office was no sinecure. The Bishop dying
in 1840, the lease fell in, and there were various consultations among
the Companies as to the advisability of a partition or a sale, or the
granting of a fresh lease. The Scriveners alone desired a partition,
the others were for keeping on the late under-lessees and tenants
as tenants for a year until a course could be decided upon, and
this was eventually agreed to, the Barbers recording in their books
an expression of their sense of the wise manner in which the
Ironmongers' Company had managed the business.
One very important point discussed at Ironmongers' Hall was
that of the waste and dilapidations which had been suffered to
accrue by the late lessee. These were estimated to amount to
,£5,000, and there was not the least question as to the right and
power of the Companies to have enforced a claim in this respect,
but they generously decided not even to present it ; had the
Companies been "trustees" they would have had no option but
to have enforced their claim.
This action accords with the general liberal administration of
Estates as pursued by the City guilds, and is another evidence (if,
indeed, such evidence were wanting ! ) of the absence of greed and
of the generous way in which tenants are treated by these bodies.
This Estate is subject to no trust whatever, it was purchased
by the Company out of monies which they collected from individual
members of the Guild, or by the sale of their plate, etc., and for
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4j)
many years it was unproductive. It is a portion of their private
corporate estate, and no trust or charity suffered by this voluntary
abandonment of a large sum to which they were entitled in lieu of
the re-instatement of the dilapidation. The proceedings are all very
fully set out in the Court Minutes for 1840, 1841, etc.
6th July, 1609. This daye Mr- Leacock, Mr- John Martin, Mr- Thorney &
Mr- Peek accordinge to a p°cept to the Mrs- of this Company lately directed are by this
Courte appoynted Committees for this Company to conferre wth the rest of the Committees
of oth' Companies concerninge the intended plantacon in the Realme of Ireland And
they are to make theire report to the next Courte of their proceedingf therein.
26th July, 1609. This daie the precept directed from the Lord Maior of this
Citie to the Mrs of this Company Concerninge a Contribution to be had from this
Company towardf the intended plantacon in his Mat,,:s realme of Ireland was read
before the Lyvery of this Company and before the Assistant^ of the Yeomandry of this
Company who being by the Mrs demaunded by vertue of the said precept what they wold
willingly Contribute toward^ the said service some of them proffered to Contribute
as hereafter ensueth videliz' Mr- Rodes xx!- Mr- Mapes xxs M'- Jenkins xxs Mr
Thorney xls- Mr- ffrederick xxs Mr ffuller xs 1VT ffenton x5 Mr Kerrell xxs John Udall
v5, Robert Jennings vs- Dominick Lumley ijs- vjd- Andrew Mathew vjs viijd- Thomas
Homewood v& Xpofer Walton ij5, vjd ffrauncis Rycraft ijs- Arthure Doughton ijs- George
Pitts Vs' Richard Daniell ijs Richard Higgins iijs- iiijd- Symon Crosse ijs' Thomas Clarck ijs-
and the rest of the Lyvery and assistaunt^ of the yeomandrey then present refused to
Contribute anything at all. Whereupon it was thought fitt by this Court that aswell the
names of such as had proffered to contribute as aforesaid and their severall proffered
contribucons also the names of those that refused to contribute shold accordinge to the
said precept be certefyed in writing to the Lord Maior signifyeing further in the same
Certificate that forasmuch as the Contribucon menconed in the said Certificate was very
small \vch the Mts were very unwilling to present to his Lordship, the Company were
contented if it might stand w"' his Lops good pleasure to adventure C"' of the Cxxiij1'- wck
is owinge unto them by the Cities bond, so that they might have a bill of Adventure for
the same.
26th January, 16 10. The above proposition not having been
entertained, a further precept dated gth January, 16 10, was received,
3 i'
474 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
commanding the Company to furnish ^ioo and at this Court the same
was considered when it was resolved that the common stock of the
Company should contribute £2^ and an assessment be made upon the
members as follows : the Livery 205., the Assistants of the Yeomanry
\os., Freemen 6s. 2>d„ Aliens 20s., and foreign brothers 15.?. each, and
by a later order each member of the Court was assessed at 20.?.
22nd November, 1610. Great difficulty having been experienced
in collecting these assessments, an order was made that any person
neglecting to pay, should be forthwith dismissed out of the Livery or
Court as the case might be.
1 8th January, 161 1. A precept from the Lord Mayor having
been read and debated, the following answer to the same was ordered
to be sent —
Whereas wee the Mr and Wardens of the Company of the Barbors & surgeons
of London have receaved a Preceptt of the 14"' of this present moneth from the right
hon°able the Lord Mayo' of this Cittie requiring thereby to call together the Assistauntf of
or said Company and to consider whether wee will accept a proportion of Landf in the
province of Ulster in liewe of or moneys disburssed and thereon to buyld att our owne
chardgf as by the printed book of plantacon is required or ells to refeir the lettinge of the
same Landff unto the gov°nor & assistauntf of the Companie : Soe ytt is, that accordingly
we have called together or Assistauntf & consideringe the pYnisses wee fynd that the payment
of the taxacons for this intent have been soe burthensome unto the body of or Company that
we are not able to take upon us any further chardge, having not as yet levyed the ffowerth
pr'te of the paynr'tf ymposed upon us, neither have we any hope to gather the same, And
therefore rather chuse to refeir the lettinge of the said Landf & committinge the business
for or p°tf to the discretion of the said gov'nor & assistauntf for that purpose appoynted,
hopinge by their good endeavors to receave such reasonable satisfaction for or moneys
alreadye disbursed as maye gyve good contentment to such of or Company whoe have
been chardged by or Collections. And this have our Court of Assistauntf fully agreed in
such rnann0 as wee have before certified Given att or Hall this xviij"' of January
1610 (i.e., 161 1 ).
23rd April, 161 1. The Company paid in ^30 to the Chamber
of London, making ^"120 in all to this date.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 47 5
1 8th July, 161 1. A precept having been received from the
Lord Mayor, calling upon the Wardens to pay ,£60 more, or else to
lose the ^120 already paid, the following answer was sent —
Whereas we the M's & gov'no" of the Company of Barbo" &: Surgeons of London
have receaved from the right hon°able the Lord Mayor of this Cittie a preceptt of the xj,h
of this Instant moneth thereby comaundinge us to call together the Assistauntf of o' said
Company And then & there to tax the bodye of or srt Company with the payment of 60"
more toward^ the payment of ioooo1' for a new supplye for the plantacon in Ireland, And
that we should advise thereupon and certefie in wrytinge to the gov°nor & assistant^ for
the said plantacon on Saterdaie the 20th of this Instant month of July whether we will
willinglie yelde to the said supplie of 10000" or we wilbe content to loose all such moneys
as we have alreadye disburssed towardf the said Plantacon and soe passe over or right
therein to those as will undertake this paym' and all other taxacons & paymt5 touchinge
the same, Soe yt is we have called together or Assistauntf & we thinck that or poore
Company is put to a very hard choyce seeinge the collection of the form'' paynr'tf of
no1" have been soe burthensome unto us that the greatest nomber of or Company have
been readye to growe mutynous about the collection thereof neither cane wee as yett
gather the same (we beinge out of or owne purses for the last paym' wch was disburssed)
and nowe to loose all, except we will undergoe this newe taxacon of 60'' the pov'tie of or
Company cannot beare ytt neither will yt stand w,h or Credytts to gyve awaie the moneyes
we have collected from soe maney poore men who hoped (and the rather by or p°swasions)
the company should receave in tyme great p^ffytt. And they themselves to be pntakers
thereof to wch intent they dide more willinglie undergoe the former taxacons. And againe
to drawe them to a chardge of a new taxacon when they shall understand the offer
p°posed in this p°cept we thinck yt unpossible, neither can we tell howe to drawe
them to paie any further taxacon then they shall willinglie consent unto because we
have noe lawfull authoritie to compell them. Therefore rather then to be any further
burthensome to the bodye of or Company in any further taxacon toward^ the last
supplie of 10000" we must be forced (yf there be lawfull authoritie to take awaye &
compell or Company) to loose the moneys we have alreadye disburssed & to leave our
Interest unto such as wilbe contentede to undertake to dischardge or Company of those
paynftf & taxacons wch we shall be hereafter chardgcd w'^all, and shall gyve unto our
Company such assurance for p°formaunce of such condycons as we shall agree upon and
our Counsell learned in the lawes shall devise & requier, whereby we may gyve some
contentem' to those of our Company whoe have been herein chardged for we feare we shall
1 Should be ^120.
47 6 cAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
never collect these moneyes wch are yet behinde & unpaid for the last paym' when they
shall here the money alreadye disburssed is lost & gyven awaie And to this have our
Court of Assistant^ agreed Gyven undr o' hands the xix"' of Julye 161 1.
1 6th November, i6n. At this Court motion being made touching what answere
this howse should gyve unto the Court of Aldermen about the payment of their money
for the Irishe plantacon yt was ordered & decreed that the Company should not
willinglie undergoe the paym' of any further taxacon but that rather they should loose all
their moneys alreadye disbursed and thereupon yt was thought fitt the p°nte Mrs &
gov0nors together wth Mr- Peck Mr- Mapes Mr- ffenton & Mr- ffoster should goe againe
before the Court of Aldermen to see yf they can gett the Company dischardged And if yt
shall soe fall out that they or any of them shalbe comitted or shalbe put to any chardgf
touching this busynes this howse shall & will beare & dischardge the same.
2nd February, 1612. At this Court it is fully concluded that Mr- Recorder shalbe
dealt withall to construe our answere according to the Courtf meaninge And that on
tewsdaie next the Mrs & Gov°nors together \v,h Mr- Peck Mr Mapes Mr' ffenton & M' ffoster
shall goe before the Court of Aldermen to intreat favo' in respect of their gen'all pov°tie
of the Company wch if the same will not prevayle then the Company shall bring with them
their Councell to certefie that their answere is absolute & if that maye not be graunted then
that they maye have a monethes lybertie either to provide some undertakers for them or
ells by that tyme the Company will bring in their money wch this Court doth agree unto
that the howse shall beare ytt.
2nd July, 1612. This daye yt is likewise ordered that touchinge the paym' of the
30" wch is to be paid for the Irishe plantacon That the present Mrs shall demaund of the
Comittees for the Irish plantacon what assurance this howse shall have for their money
already disburssed & to disbursse and thereuppon to stand hardlie for that this Court
thincketh yt not reason to pay there money for nothinge as yet assured. And if it be soe
that the Mrs shalbe threatned to be comitted to prison they shall rather be comitted to
prison then to pay the money And if they be comitted then this howse dothe order that
presentlie' uppon their comittment the Mrs shall pay the same 30'' out of the stock of this
howse.
20th July, 1612. In the motion touching the paym' of xxx" p°cell of the lx" wch
the Company is to paie towardf the Irishe plantacon Itt is ordered by this Court that the
same xxx" shalbe paid in by the howse and the Mrs w"1 Mr- ffrederick are to deale w"' the
Comittees to see what assurance they shall have for their moneyes disburssed.
1 i.e.. directly.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 477
17th September, 1612. It was agreed by the Court to pass
away all the Company's interest in the Irish estate to Mr. Abraham
Allen, Warden, he undertaking by deed to bear all further impositions
or taxations made upon the Company in respect of the Irish business.
15th July, 1613. This daie it is ordered upon a motion made by or Master to
this Court touching what course they shall take for Ireland business for that they are now
called unto for payment of 601' wherefore upon a gennall consent of this Court it is
ordered that Mr- Warden Allen shall lose the 30" \vch he hath already disburssed & that
he shall disburse the said 6oH now called for, and if he shall not be contented to goe
forward w"' the bargaine weh he form1 ly made w"1 the Company but rather to loose the
said 30" wdl he hath fonrTly paid That then he loosing the said 30" already disburssed
shalbe upon & after the audytt daye repaid the said 6o''' wch he is now to disbursse.
17th January, 1614. Att this Court it is ordered that the 301' wch the Company
is chardged by preceptt to paie towardf the Irish Plantation on the first daie of ffebruary
next shalbe paid in according to the said preceptt and shalbe allowed out of the stock of
this howse.
2nd February, 1614. At this Court the Mrs propounding unto this Court what
conference did passe between the Company of Irenmongers & themselves desiring this
p°nte Court to certefie their opinions what course this company shall take in the Irish
busines, whether they shall either hold the proportion of landf allotted to this Company
& the Company of Iremongers joyntlie w,h the Iremongers Or otherwise seeke that a
devision maybe made of such portion as to this company belongeth & soe to hold the
same in sev°altye Whereupon this Court did agree that this Company shall goe hand in
hand joyntlie w,h thother companies awhile And hereafter to seeke for a devision as
occasion shalbe offered.
24th May, 1614. Att this Court it is ordered that Mr Abraham Allen shall have
noe part of the xxx'1 \vch he hath paid to this company redeliv°ed him againe.
19th January, 1615. On receipt of a precept, dated nth
January, ordering a further contribution of ^45, it was directed that
the same should be paid.
13th September, 161 5. ^"30 more was ordered to be paid in.
478 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
29th December, 1615. At this Court the Wardens of the yeomanrey made
knowne unto the M'b that the yeomanrey were contented to gyve to the howse 301' tovvardes
the Irish plantacon.
27th May, 1616. At this Court it is ordered that what monie is or shalbe
demaunded by the Company of Iremongers to be paid unto them from or by this
Companie towardf the charge of building^ or other charges in Ireland shalbe deteyned
in this howses handf untell this Companie shall have receaved order from or Mr Mr
Alderman Probie for payment thereof And that he shall see it fitt & expedient the
same shalbe paid.
27th January, 161 7. fforasmuch as this Companie have no assuraunce of the
Irish Landf for their monie disburssed for Ireland It is therefore ordered by this Court
that this Companie shalbe suters unto the Governor & Comittees for the plantacon of the
Irish landf to thentent this Companie maie have a perpetuitie in the Irish plantacon
aswell as the Companie of Iremongers under whose lott o' Companie have fallen
Accordinglie & in such sorte as the Carpenters & other the inferior Companies joyned
wth them doe now sue for.
19th March, 1635. The Company contributed their proportion
of the expenses incurred by the City Companies in defending the suit
against them in the Star Chamber, as also a sum of money towards
the erection of a church in Ulster.
The Copye of Sr John Bancks his letter he being his Mats Attorney Generall
sent to the Companie of Ironmongers that they should with the Associate Companies
surrender up their right together with their evidences concerning the plantacon in
Ireland was here reade and for answere thereunto this Court doth referre to the advice
of Mr Bierly Councello' at Lawe wdl is to surrender up o' right.
8th November, 1638. Judgment being given against the
Companies whereby they forfeited all their lands in Ireland, the
City was fined ,£8,000 to the King " for the losse of or landf in
Ireland by the late decree of Starrchamber," to which fine the
Barber-Surgeons were compelled to contribute ^64.
^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons. 479
10th February, 1642. Alsoe was read to this Court the Lord Maiors letter
concerning reliefe of the Protestants in Ireland in the City of London Derry this Court
doth order ioo" to be given towards theire rcleife presently.
7th March, 1642. It is ordered that xx1' shalbe presently payd over towards
the releife of London Derry and noe more at the present.
Alsoe it is ordered that there shalbe CC1' given towards the releife of Ireland
generally to have a thousand Acres upon the stateing of the Kingdome according to the
Act of Parliament lately made, and that CC" to be payd according to the provision in
that Act by 50'' downe presently and the remainder at 3 monethes.
9th June, 1642. It was agreed to Lend .£800 to the Releife of Ireland [at
8 per cent. Interest] upon the faith and order of the Parliament.
31st October, 1642. The Company having agreed to lend
this ^800 could not find the money, and so petitioned to lend but
.£400 ; even this they had a great difficulty about, having to sell their
plate (except Henry VIII's cup) to enable them to raise the money.
1 6th July, 1724. The Court having been informed that a lease
had been agreed to be granted by the Ironmongers of the Manor of
Lizard, of which they were seized in trust for this Company as to the
sum of .£350 (part of the sum of .£5,000 being the whole purchase
money originally given for that estate), and that a person had bid
.£12,800 for a lease of the estate for 41 years and had deposited one-
third of that amount with the Ironmongers' Company. It was ordered
that the Clerk should wait upon the Clerk of the Ironmongers and get
what particulars he could as to the respective shares of the associated
Companies, with a list of the tenants' names and rentals, and it was
further ordered that this Company's proportion of the fine agreed to be
given for the lease should be invested in South Sea annuities.
3rd December, 1765. The Ironmongers' Company having
proposed that the associated Companies should purchase the tithes
4So
d/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
arising from the lands called Aghwey, in Ireland, the same was con-
sidered by the Court and agreed to, this Company's proportion of the
purchase money being about ^80.
10th November, 1 766. The Clerk reported that he had received
from the Ironmongers ,£1,377 16^. icv/. for this Company's share of
the fine of the lease granted to Mr. Josias Dupre and for rents and
dividends due in October last.
10th August, 1775. The Company agreed to contribute ^100
towards rebuilding the Church of Desertoghill in Ireland.
CHARITIES.
Ferbras' Charity. — Mr. Robert Ferbras, Citizen and Barber-
Surgeon, by his Will, dated 2nd December, i<\jo(seep. 161), devised two
Freehold Houses in the Parish of St. John, Walbrook, London, to the
Company, upon Trust after doing the repairs, to divide one moiety of
the surplus receipts among poor Members of the Company, which are
distributed Quarterly among 28 poor Freemen and Widows.
N.B. — The above houses have been taken down and sold, and the
proceeds invested in the purchase of the moiety of a Freehold Hozise,
No. 69, Leadenhall Street, and of a Freehold House, No. 57, Lausdown
Road, Not ting Hill.
Bancks' Gift. — -Mr. Thomas Bancks, by his Will, dated
15th October, 1595, gave to the Company an Annuity of Tiventy
Shillings, on condition that they should yearly distribute equally
amongst 12 poor people of the Company, 12 Twopenny Loaves,
6 Stone of Beef, and Two Shillings in Money. And Mr. John
Bancks, his Son, by indenture, dated the 20th May, 1619, also
gave an Annuity of Twenty Shillings, to be distributed in the same
manner and on the same day as his Father's Charity.
N.B. — This Charity is now administered by the Mercers'
Company, under an order of the Court of Chancery. The estate
482 qA finals of the Barber-Surgeons.
consists of Freehold Property at Hollozuay, the income from which
amounts to about £40 per annum, and is distributed half yearly in
July and January among poor Members of the Company.
Baker's Gift. — Mr. Alexander Baker, by his Will, dated
the 25th of September, 1835, gave to the Company an Annuity
of Three Pounds charged upon a Freehold House, No. 195, Upper
Thames Street, to be yearly distributed to Six decayed Freemen of
the Company, which is done on the first Tuesday in July.
Mr. Michael I'Ans' Charity. — Mr. Michael I'Ans, by his
Will, dated the 21st of August, 1759, gave to the Company Two
Thousand Pounds, the interest of which he directed to be applied
and distributed among 20 poor Liverymen's Widows of the Company.
And Mr. John Driver, by his Will, dated the 15th of February, 18 10,
gave the sum of Twenty Pounds to be applied in addition to the
said Gift.
N.B. — This Fund, with accumulations, now consists of
.£4,759 18s. yd. Consols, the Dividends of which are distributed
half-yearly to twenty poor Widows of Liverymen of the Company,
on the first Tuesdays in February and August.
Decayed Liverymen's Fund. — The Court of Assistants, by
an Order of Court, dated the 3rd day of June, 1823, set apart
from the Funds of the Company the sum of Nine Hundred Pounds,
Old South Sea Annuities, for the purpose of forming a fund for
the Relief of Decayed Liverymen of the Company ; the Dividends
whereof are distributed, half-yearly, amongst Seven Poor Liverymen
of the Company, on the first Tuesdays in May and November.
N.B. — The Old South Sea Annuities having been paid of,
the proceeds were invested in the purchase of a Freehold House,
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 483
No. 46, Church Street, Minorics. The Fund, ivith accumulations,
now consists of ^"876 js. Sd. Consols.
Mr. Thomas Kidder, one of the Court of Assistants, by his
Will, dated the 1 8th of December, 1828, gave unto the Master and
Wardens One Hundred Pounds, Three per Cent. Consolidated
Annuities, and directed the interest to be applied for the relief of
one poor Freeman's Widow of the Company for ever, on the first
Tuesday in February and August.
Mr. Thomas Cottrell's Charity. — Mr. Thomas Cottrell,
by his Will, dated 28th of January, 1833, gave to the Company,
Three Thousand Three Hundred and Thirty-three Pounds Six
Shillings and Eight Pence, Three per Cent. Consols, subject to the
Legacy Duty, the Dividends to be equally divided between 25 Widows
of Decayed Liverymen of the Company, which are distributed on the
first Tuesdays in February and August.
N.B. — This Fund, with accumulations, noio consists of ^3,100
Consols.
Mr. William Long's Charity. — Mr. William Long, by his
Will, dated 7th July, 1834, gave to the Company, One Thousand
Pounds, Three per Cent. Consolidated Bank Annuities, and he directed
one Moiety of the Dividends thereof to be paid half-yearly unto so many
of the poor Liverymen as the Company should appoint to receive the
same, and the other moiety thereof he directed to be paid half-yearly
among 20 poor widows of Liverymen of the Company, in like manner
as Mr. Michael I'Ans' Charity is disposed of.
N.B. — This Fund, zoith accumulations, now consists of ,£1,045
Consols.
484 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
Mr. Malcolm Dunnett's Charity. — Mr. Malcolm Dunnett,
by his Will, dated 30th August, 1842, gave to the Company the sum
of Two Hundred Pounds, Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities, to
be applied by the Company for the Support of Decayed Liverymen,
preference being at all times given to the two Senior Liverymen of the
Company who shall apply for relief, and be in addition to any other aid
which they would otherwise be entitled to receive from any other
Charitable Fund of the Company. This Charity is distributed on the
first Tuesdays in May and November.
Mr. Peter Skipper's Charity. — Mr. Peter Skipper, by his
Will, dated 25th of September, 1846, gave One Hundred Pounds, free
of Legacy Duty, in aid of the Decayed Livery Fund, with which Charity
the amount is now amalgamated.
Mr. Philip Lawton's Charity. — Mr. Philip Lawton, by his
Will, proved 13th August, 1856, gave Five Hundred Pounds, less
Legacy Duty, upon Trust to pay the Interest and Dividends to poor
Decayed Liverymen and Freemen or their Widows.
N.B. — This Fund now consists of the sum of £\T] gs. Consols.
Alms House Find and Mr. John Atkinson's Charities. —
The Court of Assistants, by a resolution dated 7th August, 1855,
established a Fund for the Erection and Endowment of Alms Houses
for Decayed members of the Company and their Widows.
Mr. John Atkinson, by Deed dated 4th November, 1856, and
enrolled, conveyed to the Company Ten Freehold Houses, situate in
Cross Keys Court and Half Moon Alley, Cripplegate, London, upon
trust to apply the rents and profits thereof in aid of the Alms House
Fund. These houses have been taken by the Metropolitan Railway,
and the purchase-money was invested in the purchase of ,£998 1 25. ^d.
Consols. The Consols have been sold and the proceeds invested in
c/lnnak of the Barber-Surgeons. 485
the purchase of Freehold Houses, Nos. 53, 55, and 59, Lansdown
Road, Notting Hill. In addition to the above, there is an accumulated
Fund consisting of ,£1,095 2S- &d- Consols, .£419 15^. yd. New 2^ per
Cent. Annuities, and there is a cash balance to the credit of the Fund
of ,£84 1 2s. 4c/.
Mr. John Atkinson, on the 5th February, 1861, presented the
sum of One Hundred Pounds Consols to the Company, the interest
thereof to be employed in the purchase of Bibles and prayer books for
distribution amongst the poor members of the Company.
Mr. John Atkinson, by his Will, dated 30th of August, 1858,
bequeathed the residue of his personal estate to Trustees therein
named, upon Trust, after the death of his wife, daughter, brother,
sister, and nephews, to transfer the Stocks, Funds, and Securities
whereon the same should be invested to the Masters and Governors
of the Company, upon Trust, to found and establish an Institution to
be called " The Barbers' Asylum," the interest thereof to be applied for
the lodging, maintenance, and education of the poor Members of the
Company and their Widows and Children.
INVENTORIES.
HERE is amongst the Records a small folio volume
which opens with an undated inventory of the
Company's effects, most probably taken in 1710.
Following are inventories spreading over thirty-three
years until 1745.
There is much similarity in all of these, and we shall take one
of them, that for the year 1728, as an example.
In 1 7 1 1 there seem to have been two corporate seals, one of
steel and another of silver; there was also "a mould with the Company's
arms by wch the Iron Backs were made"; this handsome mould is
still preserved over the chimney-piece in the entrance lobby, and an
old "iron back" cast from it is built into the wall of the courtyard
opposite the entrance door.
A True & perfect Inventory of the Goods and Chattels Plate Household
Stuff & other things belonging to the Worshipfull Company of
Barbers & Surgeons of London taken the 11"' of September 1728
MR January Farmer Master Mr James Fern Mr John Nicholls &
Ambrose Dickins Esqr his Majesty's Serjeant Surgeon, Wardens.
zA 'nnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 48 j
In the Parlour.
A chimney piece of Assistants Arms & three Sheilds over it.
Four Spanish tables & a footstep.
One great Russia leather Chair for yc Master.
30 other Russia chairs. One pair Bellows.
One Turkey work^t carpett.
A brass hearth peice & shovell & tongs with brass heads.
A painted Sale Cloath to cover the hearth. One green bays carpett.
Mr Lisle's picture. Mr Skinner's picture.
King Henry ye 8"'s picture. Sir John Frederick's picture.
King Charles the Second's picture.
Sir Charles Scarborough & Mr Alderman Arris's pictures.
Four double glass sconces & two single ones.
Two candlesticks with wax candles. A Table of the masters names.'
Dr Tyson's picture. Serj1 Bernard's picture.
Mr Johnson's picture. Mr Inigo Jones's picture.
A large steel engine with a wooden frame for yc Co5 seal.
3 Cane Sashes for ye Windows.
3 most noble Window Curtains in fflorence Persian Silk.
Two Spanish Pictures. A fine clock.
A large gilt leather screen with 8 folds & the Companys arms painted upon it.
A wooden stand for ye Chamber pott. Six cushions.
In the Clark's Cupboard in ye Parlour.
One Box for ye Poor. One Bell. Two Testaments.
One Hammer. 3 Standishes. One Balloting Box & Balls.
In the Beadle's Custody.
Two Staves with ye Companys arms & crest in Silver.
Two Beadles gowns purchased by the Company.
In the Passage before the Parlour.
One Spanish Table. An Elks head. 6 Leather chairs.
A Table of orders. A tortoise shell the gift of Mr Henry Boone.
3 Brass Sconces. Two new tables. Two new benches.
3 Tressells & a bench y' goes under the wall.
1 Now in the Ante Room at the Hall.
4S8 cAimals of the Barber-Surgeons.
In the Election Room.
One Turkey workt Elbow chair. 30 other Turkey worked chairs.
One folding table. A green cloth carpett.
One large brass hearth piece & a pair of tongs fire shovell & Dogs with fine brass heads.
Mr Feme's Picture. Mr Thomas Allen's picture.
A picture of the Prince Elector Palatine. One painted sale Cloth & a marble slabb.
A looking glass over the chimney. King Charles the Seconds picture.
In the Balcony.
Three green & white Window Curtains & curtain rods.
In the Long gallery up one pk of Stairs.
Two Elbow chairs. 20 cain bottom chairs.
A little table. A Scrutore.'
The figures of the Muscles. A print of a Skeleton.
15 old Turkey worked chairs.
A large iron hearth piece with shovell & tongs. An iron back.
A skeleton frame with black curtains around it, a pulley & cord, a skeleton.
In the Theatre.
One skeleton in a frame. One new skeleton pendent from the Center of the Roof.
Two muscular figures finely painted in gilt frames.
Two humane skins on figures of wood. One figure of anatomy in a frame.
Two figures of Angels presenting a Garland.
Two skulls the one a Mummy the other a Moss with seven other figures.
King Charles the first's head in stone.
A Skeleton in a frame the gift of Mr Knowles.
A green velvet cushion for the Anatomy Reader.
One cedar table & cover. Two pair of green window curtains.
In the Treasury.
The Company's seal.
A great chest with several Charters & by laws & other writeings.
In the Hall.
Three great tables.
1 1 forms beside benches and footstep to ye Masters chair.
Two sheilds fixed to ye Screen. One large ensign of green & white.
1 Called elsewhere an " Escrutore."
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 489
Two large green streamers. Two Banners, the King's Arms &: yc City's arms.
Two Green bays carpetts. A wainscoat desk.
Two green Kidderminster curtains. A clock the gift of Mr Henry Carter.
A table of the Examined Surgeons & Examiners.
A table of officers ffees. A glass Lanthorne.
A squabb going round the Halfe moon table' & one small one for ye Mas*s seat.
A long moveable table for the Hall.
In the Musick Gallery.
One table. Two forms.
8 great staves for ye fflags.
In the Passage going to ye Kitchen.
One dresser. One table & two shelves.
In the Kitchin.
Three dresser boards. 8 Shelves. One chopping block.
One form. 3 Irons in Stewing places. 3 Iron oven lids.
2 large iron racks. 10 large spitts & one little one.
Two iron dripping pans. One iron fender.
A \ hundred iron weight. Two peels. One new peele.
In the Kitchin Larder.
Two rounds of Shelves &: a dresser round it.
In the Kitchin Yard.
A leaden cistern & a leaden pipe going up to it.
The Pewter & Brass.
Nine dozen & 1 1 plates. seven salvers. A charger.
Two pewter basons. 7 saucers. Two chamber potts.
Four pye plates. Three great flaggons.
Ten brass candlesticks. One iron hearth for charcoal.
An earthen monteth. Two pair of snuffers.
Eighteen brass sconces for the Theatre. One beer still & a plate rack.
' This half-moon table stood at the upper end of the Hall in the bastion, where the Masters and Court sat.
3 R
49° o/lniials of the Barber-Surgeons.
In the Buttery.
A Binn for bread. 3 Shelves. A bench.
A dressing board. 3 Shelves in the Cupboard.
4 little bottles for oyl & vinegar.
2 doz & 1 1 Wine glasses. 1 doz 4 Water glasses.
3 small beer glasses. 7 stone muggs.
3 Stone bottles. 2 flower potts.
A painted Sale cloth. 2 knife basketts.
In the Cupboard in the Buttery.
Two dozen & a halfe of black handled knives & forks with a box to put them in.
1 Dozen and a halfe of Oyster knives. 4 voiders. A flaskett.
30 White handled knives & forks ivory.
In the Clark's Yard & Cellar.
A leaden cistern.
A pipe to lead the water from the street through the Beadles Cellar into ye Clarks yard &
so through ye Companys into yc Kitchin.
One large chest to putt the candles in.
One clock in a case. 4 new pepper castors.
The Company's Plate.
oz. dwt.
Eighteen silver spoons - - ----- wt. 43 6
another silver spoon ---------- 60
One Bason the gift of Mr Robert Andrews - - - 74J o
One Ewer the gift of Mr Thos Collins - 54 10
King Henry ye 8ths cup & cover - - - 265 o
King Charles the 2* cup & cover - 62^ o
A punch Bowl the gift of Queen Anne at the request of Mr Serjeant
Bernard then Mas' of this Corporation - - - - - - 160 o
Four great standing Cups.
The gifts of the several p°sons following, viz'
Sir John Frederick - - - 38 10
Martin Brown Esq' - - - - 45 o
Mr Thos Bell - - 65 o
Mr Thos Bowden - - 38 o
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 491
Four Beer Bowles.
The gift of Alderman Arris weighing viz' oz. ,iwt.
First - . . .... 9 8
Second - - - 98
Third - .... 8 6
fourth --.. ........ 6jj
Seven Tankards.
The gifts of the several p°sons following, viz1-
The first of Mr John Dorrington - - - 39 o
The second of M' George Gray 372
The third of Mr Abraham Deviatt -------- 23 o
The fourth of Mr Thomas Fothergill - - - - 24 15
The fifth of Mrs Eliz. Clarke - - - - - - - - - 17 10
The sixth of Mr Abraham Perrott - - 26 15
The seventh of Mr Edward Arris - - - 26 15
Three Great Salts.
First -- 45 o
Second - .......... 370
Third - .-.-.. 38 o
One small salt ----- --.-_. 311
Four coronetts - - - - - - 2 6f o
A voider the gift of Mr Thos Gill.
An Iron Chest to putt the plate in.
The Table Linnen.
I Dozen & 2 Huckaback Towells. 1 Dozen & one old odd towells.
I I Dozen & 4 napkins. 8 Holland sheets. 1 Large diaper towell. 4 side board cloths.
1 Dozen & 8 oyster cloths. 1 1 Table cloths & the chest they lye in.
In the Long Walk.
Two ladders one great one & one small one.
24 Bucketts with the Companys arms on them. 4 Settles.
In the Chest below the Stairs.
The Rich cloth that lies over the Anatomy. A black coffin cloth.
19 flatt caps. 1 g Dimothy waistcoats.
19 Badges & the Readers Robes.
In the Lower Theatre.
A pewter cistern & a leaden laver. An anatomy chest.
A table to dissect on & a hatch for yc Theatre door.
In the Closetts 2 Drawers & two planks to stand on.
3 K 2
PLATE.
HE Barber-Surgeons' Company has at various periods
in its history possessed large quantities of plate, a
great deal of which is now unfortunately lost to us,
most of it having been parted with during the
troublous times of the seventeenth century, when
the money demands made upon the Company
necessitated its sale. We have however, been fortunate in preserving
some very distinctive and beautiful plate, among which are no less
than three Royal gifts from Sovereigns of England, viz., Henry VIII,
Charles II, and Anne.
Throughout our Minutes are numerous references to gifts and
purchases of plate ; some of these will be found elsewhere in this work,
and the following extracts in particular referring to this subject, are
additional examples.
14th December, 1557. The same daye beyng The xiiij* daye of Descember in
An° Dii 1557 and fourth and fyfte yeares of the Raignes of Kynge Phyllippe and Quene
Marys Most Noble gracf It ys Condescended and Agreed by the mr and Gov°nors and
wth thassent of all the Assystaunce of the howse whose Names are before Nomynated and
Wrytten That M* Thomas Vycary shall paye and dyscharge the Debtf of the howse wch
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4c)}
rest unpayde and the saide Mr Vycary shall have the plate of the Crafte in pawne or
pledge Untyll suche tyme as the sayde sullies of monye be un to hym Repayde agayne.
7th December, 1581. It was agreed that the soine of xl" shalbe diffrayed and
laid owte of the stock of the howse to buy plate viz. one nest of pots one nest of booles,
and in v gilt spones to make up one dozen, and in exchange of a silver pot geven unto
the Companie by Mr George Corrons' who deputed his lief beinge mr of the companie.
10th March, 1599. Richard Larden on being admitted to the
Livery presented one " beaker ot silver p cell gylt."
15th April, 1600. John Robson being made free made a similar
gift, as also, 3rd June, 1600, did Walter Meeke on the like occasion.
.16th August, 1602. This daie John Izard" presented to this Courte one litle
columpne salte w"1 a Cover of silver and guylte and prayeth to be discharged from
bearinge the office of Mr of this Companye which guyfte was loveinglye accepted and
his requeste willingely graunted.
19th July, 1603. Nicholas Kellaway (Assistant) presented two
standing cups of silver, to be discharged the ofhce of Steward of the
Mayor's feast.
8th November, 1604. This daie it is ordered that Mr Johnsons3 Cupp and
Cover the three Beakers and Mr Sprignalls4 and Mr ShirlockC Cup and Cover shalbe
p°ntly5 altered unto such servisable plate as the Mrs shall thinke fyt.
31st May, 1608. The executors of Nicholas Kellaway delivered
to the Wardens "one uprighte Bowie of silver duble gylt."
9th February, 161 2. This daie it is agreed that the soiiie of x1' or xx m'kes
shall be layed out to bye 3 cupes wth the name of Mr Bird6 thereon to be engraved.
22nd August, 1614. This daie Peter Thorney brought in ^ delyvered unto
this Court two spout pottf the one all guilt the other p'cell guilt of the valew of twentie
poundf wc" were gyven by the last will of Mr Thomas Thorney7 deceassed \vc" pottf
were thanckfullie receaved.
1 Master 1575. - Warden 1590, 1593, 1596. 3 Master 1543. * Master 1554.
4 Presently — at once. " Master 1590. r Master 1602.
494 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
4th October, 16 14. Mr. Ralph Bovey1 gave, in lieu of fining
for three Warden's places, "one fayre quart spout pott p cell guilt."
1 2th February, 16 16. Mr. Isaac Allen gave a standing cup
and cover value 20 nobles to be excused coming on the Livery or
bearing any office.
2nd July, 1622. Edward Kellet gave a " fayre mounsier bowle
guilt " to be discharged of his place in the livery.
17th October, 1622. Mr. Gillam gave "three saltf white" of
the value of £ 1 2 1 os.
9th November, 1628. Bartholomew Vanderlashe, a German
jarofessing Surgery, gave a standing cup and cover gilt weighing
23 ozs.
20th June, 1629. It is alsoe ordered that there shalbe made fower Garlandf of
silver enamelled garnished and sett forth after the neatest manner according to the
discretion of the present Governors for the choise of new Maisters and the coste thereof
to be borne of the stock of this house. (See illustrations of these on pp. 2jg, jyg and 422.)
2nd December, 1630. This daie trfis Court takeing into their considerations of
that affectionate love of Mr John Bancks late Cittizen and Mercer of London deceased,
the sonne of M' Thomas Bancks~ heretofore an ancient Maister of this Companie, not
onely expressed in his liefe tyme to the poore of this Companie, by giveing xxs yearely for
ever, but also at the tyme of his death to the generalitye of this Companie soe large and
bountiful a legacy viz ; One bason and ewer double gilt with his armes of gentrye, the
Mercers armes, and our Companies armes embossed thereon, xx1' for a dinner for the
livery on the daie of his funerall and our Companies armes in a small round frame
depicted in glasse, doe in all loveing and thanckfull respective gratitude to soe free and
liberall a benefactor, order that the p^nte Mrs or Governors shall at the chardge of this
house take course that the said Mr John Bancke his picture be forthwith procured from
the executors and carryed to Mr Greenebury and be taken forth and depicted in a frame
in the self same manner as that picture is and hung up in some convenient place in our
Hall, that thereby so free and memorable acts of so liberall a benefactor may not be
overwhelmed in oblivion but be p°petually had in remembrance and eternized to all
posteritie.
1 Master 1617. - Master 1596.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 495
9th April, 1632. "A gilt beere boll and cover" weighing
20^ ozs. was presented by Mr. Dominic Lomeline's" executors.
1 6th August, 1632. Mr. Thomas Borne2 having bequeathed
£6 1 35. 4d. to the Company to buy a piece of plate, it was ordered that
" there shalbe a faire silver salt white, with scroules of the new fashion
bought and his name ingraven thereon."
2nd January, 1635. Mr- Robert Allott, Doctor in Phisick of
St. John's Coll : Cambridge and free of the Company, gave a large
round silver salt white with three scrolls, and with his arms and an
inscription engraved thereon.
1636. The Company having spent large sums of money in the
erection of the Theatre, and being short of cash, an order was made to
sell the whole of the Yeomanry's Plate, excepting a beer bowl the gift
of Mr. James Kent.
1637. It having come to the knowledge of the Court that Mr.
Alexander Baker (Master 1622) had bequeathed to the Company a cup
and cover which was withheld by his executors, a suit was commenced
against them.
19th May, 1637. This daye was presented to this Court by a suite & decree
made in his Ma'f Court of Request^ one standing Cupp and Cover gilt of M' Alexander
Bakers gift weighing 131 ounces.
19th May, 1637. Alsoe according to orders of former Courtf of Assistants the
plate viz1 W" Kelletts cupp 21 oz. one cupp & cover Vanderlash 23 oz. & halfe. 3 beere
bolls dropps 38 oz. 3 flatt gobletts 61 oz. & halfe. 4 tankerds 92 oz. & a halfe. 1 salt &
cover Izard 9 oz. 4 standing cupps &: Covers yeomanrye 102 oz. being all guilt plate
amounting to 347 oz. at 5s 4'' pn oz. cometh to 92" 10s 8d Alsoe one white cupp Turner
9 oz. 1 white cupp Harding 5 oz. 1 white cupp Bostock 10 oz. 3 beere bolls vaughan
26 oz. 3 white beakers 31 oz. 3 white salts Guilham 40 oz. 1 white boll Lakin 10 oz.
3 wine bolls white 16 oz. & a halfe being white plate weighing 149 oz. 3 quarters at 4s xj'1
1 Master 1629. ■ Master 1628.
496 zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
the ounce was sould for 36" 16s 4'1 Soe that the whole money received for the plate that
was sould cometh to in toto 129" 07s wd' sale is by this Court confirmed & ordered y' that
money received shall be imployed towardf the buildingf now in hand.
31st October, 1642. Whereas heretofore by Order of the Lords & Comons in
Parliament assembled Our Company was proportioned to pay and lend 800'' at 81' p° cent
towards and for nothing else than the releife of Ireland. Upon which our Company did
humbly certifie the Lord Maior of the Citty of our inability to pay any part of the said
8001' Yet for that the present occasions forceing for presente Releife It was Ordered
That 4001' should be taken up at Interest and payd over into the Chamber of London for
that and noe other purpose. And that now the Company would take up such a quantity
of money but cannott obteyne soe much, It is now ordered That the Kings Cupp and
Cover shalbe kept, And that the Mas & Wardens shall take out all our plate and view it
and see which of it is fitt to be sold and that every parcell of that plate which shalbe sold
a patterne or fashion of it shalbe drawne in paper and the perticuler Letters Writeings or
Graveings shall likewise be written on that paper. To the intent that when the said
ffoure Hundred Pounds with the Interest at 81' p. centum shalbe repayd the said Plate
shalbe made againe in the same ffashions & writeings upon them as now they are which
this Court doth order shall fully and really be performed accordingly when the said 4001'
and Interest shalbe repayd.
The following entry is curious from the fact of a blank having
been no doubt purposely left in the Minutes The Company, who
had been already plucked by the Parliament, evidently feared violence
in that quarter, but were afraid to put it on record, and therefore very
prudently left a hiatus in the Minutes.
24th May, 1643. Whereas this Company is assessed at 8" p° weeke for 3 moneths
which they are noe wayes able to pay In regard wee are soe much in debt and that the
Hall may be preserved from violence of It is now Ordered That the
plate in the Hall that is not guilt plate shalbe by the Mr and Wardens delivered over at
the best rate to deliver soe much amounting to 9611"
By the Wardens' Accounts it appears that plate was sold to the
extent of ^94 1 6s. od.
29th April, 1645. On reference to p. 140, it will be seen that
no less than 1,120 oz. of plate was pawned to Mrs Crosse.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 49-/
29th April, 1646. The Mr & Wardens acquainting this Court That the
Companye's plate is redeemed from Mr Steele at his request who married Mrs Crosse to
whome it was formerly pawned in her Widowhood and is now in the Treasury. This
Court doth think it not convenient to be kept in the house ' and doth order that it be
delivered into the hands of Mr John Browne2 for the better secureity of the 20011 this
Company oweth him and of the 100" more which he hath promised by Mr Warden Browne
to lend the Company at vj" p° ceiitn p° ann.
14th May, 1646. The plate was pawned to Mr. John Browne
for ^300 at 6 per cent.
29th April, 1647. It was ordered that it should be redeemed,
and it was on the 17th May following all brought back to the Hall.
7th December, 1648. The plate was again pawned to Mr. John
Browne, of Westminster, for ,£250.
19th March, 1649. The Court were so severely pressed by
Assessments for the Army, and being unable to borrow any more
money under the Company's seal, resolved after much deliberation to
absolutely sell Plate to the value of ^300.
19m July, 1649. Our MR acquainted This Court That
UPON SALE OF THE CoMPANYES PLATE Mr EdWARD ARRIS BOUGHT
Kinc; Henry the Eighths Cup and Cover and hath freely given
it againe to this Company.
1890. The following plate is now in the Company's possession :
A handsome standing silver gilt Grace cup and Cover (265 ozs.)
presented by King Henry VIII in 1540 in commemoration of the
union of the Barbers with the Surgeons. This cup is elaborately
chased and enriched with badges of the Tudor Rose, Portcullis, and
Fleur-de-lys ; the cover is surmounted with the Crown Imperial under
1 Probably in fear of its being forcibly seized. • An Assistant.
3 s
im
c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 4qq
which are the arms of France and England quarterly, with the lyon and
greyhound as supporters. There are four bells pendant from the cup
which are referred to by Pepys as follows : —
Among other observables at Chyrurgeon's Hall wo drunk the King's health out of
a gilt cup, given by King Henry viij., to the Company, with bells hanging at it, which
every man is to ring by shaking after he hath drunk up the whole cup. — Diary,
2-ji/t February, 1662-3.
This cup although it has been stolen, pawned and sold, yet
remains to us, one of the most precious relics of our past. It appears
by the Wardens' Accounts, that in 1669 John Knight, Serjeant-
Surgeon, who was Master, had the cup repaired and a case made for
it ; Serjeant Knight was again Master 1677-8, when he caused a plate
to be fixed within the cover with this inscription —
Henrici R. Munificentia Ne Posteris Ignota Maneat Johannis Knight R.C.P.' 1678.
In the bowl of the Cup is an outline engraving of the old coat of
the Barbers, impaling the cognizance of the Surgeons in one shield
{see p. 435).
King Charles II in 1676 presented us with a very handsome
and unique parcel gilt standing cup and cover, surmounted by the
crown imperial, and having within the same the Royal arms, supporters
and crown (68 ozs.). This Cup is known as " The Royal Oak Cup "
(commemorative of the King's escape at Boscobel), its stem and base
representing the trunk and roots of an oak tree ; the bowl or upper part
is surrounded with oak leaves, branches, wreaths of Mowers, escallop
shells, and pendant acorns as bells from shields. The Company's arms
are engraved on one shield, on another the crest, on the third is the
following inscription :— " Donum Munificentissimi Regis Caroli Secundi
Anno 1676," and on the last shield — " Impetrantibus Chirurgis Regiis
1 Regis Chir. Principalis (Chief Surgeon to the King).
% S 2
WO
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Johanne Knight Chirurgo Regis Principali et Jacobo Pearse Eodem
Anno Societatis Magistro."
KING CHARLES CUP, QUEEN ANNE'S PUNCH BOWL AND ATKINSON'S PUNCH LADLES.
This James Pearse, surgeon to the King and the Duke of York,
was Master in 1675, and his wife will be well remembered as one of
Samuel Pepys' friends and gossips.
Queen Anne in 1 704 presented the Company with a fine and
massive punch bowl (160 ozs.) bearing this inscription : —
Societati Chirurgorum Londin : Ob fidem et diligentiam In examinandis
Chirurgis In Classe Regia merituris Dono dedit Serenissima Regina ANNA Principum
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 501
Optima 1704: Impetravit Carolus Bernardus Arm. Chir. Reg. Pr. Hujus Societatis
Magister.
Four large loving cups and covers. These are all of similar
design though of different sizes, the covers have each a handle formed
as an effigy of a Roman soldier, and each cup bears the Company's
arms engraved thereon.
1st. Martin Browne's cup (45 ozs.). He was an eminent
Surgeon and Master in 1653 ; on one side is engraved a shield quarterly,
1st and 4th three Estoilles, 2nd and 3rd three Escallops and a Horn,
"Charisma Martini Browne Armigeri Nuper Senatoris Ciuitatis Londin-
ensis & Prsefecti Societatis Barbitonsor & Chirurgor 1653."
2nd. Thomas Bowden's cup (38 ozs.). He was third Warden
1654. On one side is engraved a shield quarterly, with a lyon passant
on the first quarter only. The motto of the Company is misspelt thus,
" de Pricipiencia dei," and the cup bears this inscription, " Ex dono
Thomse Bowdeni Chirurgi et hujus Societatis Gubernatorum quarti
Anno Dni. 1654."
3rd. Sir John Frederick's cup (38 ozs. 10 dwt.). He was
Master 1654 and 1658, and Lord Mayor 1662. This cup is engraved
with Sir John's shield, on a chief three doves, and the Company's
motto is again misspelt. The inscription is, " The guift of John
Fredricke Alderman and of This Societie Master Anno Dhi 1654."
•
4th. Thomas Bell's cup (65 ozs.). On one side is engraved
Mr. Bell's Coat of arms, on a chief three Bells, and there is this
inscription, " The Gift of Thomas Bell Chirurgion to yc Worshipfull
Company of Barbor Chirurgions London July 28th 1663."
Four silver goblets or wine cups (^t, oz.). Each is inscribed —
The guift of Edward Arris Chirurgion Master of the Company Anno Domini 1651.
MARTIN BROWNE'S AND SIR JOHN FREDERICK'S LOVING CUPS.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
W
A silver flagon with handle and spout (54 oz. 10 dwt.) the gift
of Thomas Collins, Master 1648. The arms engraved are, on a bend
three martlets and a crescent for difference all within a bordure ermine ;
fifes? <r^
COLLINS' FLAGON, MONFORDE'S HAMMER AND ARRIS' CUPS.
on the other side are the Company's arms with the motto misspelt.
The inscription is — ■
Thomas Collins Artis Chirurgicfe Professor Peritissimus, ut Symbolum Amoris venerabili
Chirurgorum Societate hoc donauit.
Five covered tankards, the first three having the Company's
arms engraved thereon.
1st. Perrott's tankard (23 oz.). " The guift of Abraham Perrott."
He was admitted to the freedom 5th July, 1614, and gave the tankard
in March, 1640. (See head piece p. 492.)
504 nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
2nd. Gray's tankard (37 oz. 2 dwt.). " Ex dono Georgij Gray,"
no date.
3rd. Dorrington's tankard (39 oz.). " Ex dono John Dorrington
Chirurg. 2° Aprilio A° 1663."
4th. Fothergill's tankard (24 oz. 1 5 dwt.). " The Gift of Thomas
ffothergill to the Worshipfull Companie of Barber Chirurgions," no date.
(See head piece p. 492.)
5th. Ruston's tankard. " The Gift of Wm Ruston, Master 1883-4."
A handsome silver rose water dish (74 oz. 15 dwt.) with the
Company's arms engraved thereon, and inscribed "Ex dono Robertij
Andrews Chirurg. 20 Aprilis An° 1663."
Another large rose water dish (68 oz.) inscribed " Ex dono
Tho. Gill." Mr. Gill was admitted to the freedom 1st February, 1670.
Two large soup tureens, the gift of William Kippax, Master 1782.
Eight silver sauce boats, engraved with the Company's arms
and purchased in 1 766.
Eight curious sauce ladles, with enriched fluted handles
(probably late 17th century).
Six antique salt cellars.
Four small antique pepper castors.
A large and quaint sugar castor the gift of Robert Emerton,
Master 1790, and another one the gift of David Lamb, Master 1794.
A Silver tea urn (83 oz. 4 dwt.) inscribed " Presented by
William Wood, Clerk to the Company, 1790." This elegant urn,
which is oviform in shape, has been engraved in " Cripps' College and
Corporation plate " as a typical example. (See head piece p. 492.)
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
505
About two dozen charming tea spoons, elaborately chased and
engraved (circa 1730) ; these are also illustrated by Mr. Cripps.
A dozen antique shell
pattern salt spoons.
Two curious and finely
worked sugar tongs.
A fine old massive
spoon (circa 1690), en-
graved "Ex dono Jonathan
Cheynell."
An antique wine
strainer, and another, the
gift of Robert Douglas,
Master 1800.
A great quantity of spoons, forks, ladles, etc., not specially
deserving of notice.
A case of fish knives and forks, the gift of George Austin,
Master 1882.
Two old-fashioned silver cruet stands.
A silver punch ladle with ivory handle, and a guinea of 17 14 in
fine preservation inlaid, inscribed " The Queen Anne's Guinea, Given
by John Atkinson Esqr one of the members of the Court Septr 1846."
Another ladle with ivory handle, inscribed, " Presented to the
Barbers Company by John Atkinson Esqr 1851." This ladle is inlaid
with a very fine medal of 1704 in high relief, commemorating the
Incorporation of the Sons of the Clergy by Queen Anne.
3 T
506 z/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Another antique punch ladle of oval shape, with hard wood
handle, believed to have been given by Mr. John Atkinson, the date is
probably about 1620.
A massive silver badge 7^-in. by 8i-in. of late 17th Century
work, formerly worn by the Barge master, and having the Company's
arms in relief on shield, surrounded by laurel bordering.
A plain and ugly silver medal 2§-ins. diameter, with arms of the
Company (badly done), on one side, and on the reverse, " Presented
by John Carter, Master 1870-71." This badge is worn by the first
Warden.
A very handsome badge, 2^ inches diameter, of silver gilt
open work, and richly enamelled with the arms of the Company, and
a loop representing the Tudor rose crowned. This badge is worn by
the Master.
A pair of antique Beadle's mace heads. These are of remark-
ably fine workmanship, very massive, and have the Company's heraldry
displayed in high relief on both sides ; each weighs about 64 ounces.
(See illustration p. 302.)
Four very handsomely chased and wrought silver garlands
or wreaths for crowning the Master and Wardens on Election Day,
and which are still used and worn by them on Court days in receiving
guests. These are the finest in the City of London ; each has the
Company's arms and the badges of the rose and crown, with other
devices artistically set forth, and are mounted with silk velvet, the
Renter Warden's being green, and the others red. These garlands
were made in 1629. (See p. 494.)
A silver mounted hammer, given by James Mumford or
Monforde, King's Surgeon and First Warden in 1540; the mountings
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 507
are engraved with the Tudor rose, and the arms of France and
England quarterly. At the end of the handle are the donor's
initials I.M. (See illustration p. 503.)
A silver bell " The Gift of M1 Robert Emerton Master to the
Worshipful Company of Barbers 1790."
A silver mounted snuff box, and another snuff box presented
by Mr. Deputy Brass and handsomely carved out of a piece of
oak removed from the roof of the old Hall. This is enclosed in
another box velvet lined, with inscription on a silver plate —
The Barbers Company have well deserved
That Brass's gift by Shoppee be preserved. Anno. 1866.
A silver salver, the gift of Charles J. Shoppee, Master 1878.
A silver claret jug, the gift of Alderman Wilkin, Master 1885.
A silver inkstand, the gift of Jonathan Denny, Master 1886.
A silver salver, the gift of Edward Charles Cornish, Master 1887.
A very handsome and massive silver jardiniere and stand,
the gift of John Cary Lovell, Assistant 1889.
A replica of the silver hammer given by James Monforde,
with a silver mounted block for same, the gift of George Austin, jun.,
Master 1888.
It may not be considered out of place to record here, that the piano
in the Court Room is the gift of Mr. Deputy Harvey, Master 1879.
PICTURES.
HE following are some extracts from the Minutes,
relating to Pictures.
24th June, 1 60 1. It is this daye by consent of a wholl
Courte of Assistance ordered That if at any tyme hereafter any
Mr or Governor of this company or any othr p°sone or p°sones free
of the same mistery shall blott deface or put oute or cause to be
blotted defaced or put oute any of the pictures of any of this Company nowe paynted or
hereafter lawfully placed in any of the tables of pictures hangeinge in the Coi'non hall of
this mistery w"'out the Consent of a full Courte of Assistance That then hee or they so
offendinge shall forfeyte and paye for every such offence x'' the one half thereof to be to
the use of the Chamberlen of the Cytie of London And the othr half to the use of the
said mistery.
The above order was made in consequence of some members
of the Court having painted out the faces on the pictures, and caused
their own to be depicted in their stead.
28th June, 1604. This daye it is ordered that Mr Will"1 Martin Mr ffrederick
Mr ffyneinge & Mr ffenton shall p^sently conferre with Decreete concerninge the
ffynisheinge of the tables of Picktures remayneinge w"' him and if hee will finishe the
same w"' reason and drawe them to the Hall they are to compound w"' him for the same
if not the table is to be taken awaye from him.
art una Is of the Barber-Surgeons. 509
10th October, 1605. This day it is ordered that the Kingf picture shalbe by
the said p°nte Mrs boughte and pVided at the charge of this house.
Item paid for his Ma'C picture - - iiij1'
Item geven to the paynters man that broughte the said pycture - iis vjJ
1 st August, 1634. It is ordered that the 41 philosophers pictures shalbe
rebeautified and repaired by Mr Greeneburye at the Costs of this house soe it exceede
not x"-
The "forty-one philosophers" were former Masters of Anatomy
and Examiners of Surgeons, who as they were from time to time
appointed, might if they chose, have their portraits put in what was
called " The Table of the Anatomy" (and which was, I think, one large
picture containing the effigies of forty-one persons), and the practice
undoubtedly was, as occasion arose, to paint a face on old shoulders ;
indeed, there are many notices to this effect, as also orders of Court for
blotting out the "faces" of such as had become obnoxious, or who had
been removed for misconduct.
1st February, 1627. Item this daye upon the mocon of our Mr it is ordered by
this Court that there shalbe a large wainscott frame made and a picture maker shalbe
agreed withall by the present IVP for the portreying of the Anathomye and makeing of
Mr Docto' Gwins picture and the Clarkes which Charge shalbe borne out of the stock of
this house, in which table shalbe placed the figures & visages of every of the Assistants
whoe are not painted in the Anathomye table that now standeth upp in the Hall, every
of the Assistants payeing for the setting up of his owne picture.
29th March, 1647. This Court doth order That M' Henry Watsons ffigure in
the present Table of Anatomy be blotted out and Mr Charleyes Effigies placed in the
roome thereof Provided that his Executrix pay his Legacy to this House.
This Court doth order That there be a new Anathomy Table And that all the
Assistants whose Effigies are not in the present Table may be sett up in the new Table
at theire owne charge, and that Doctor Goddards ffigure be there sett as Reader and Doctor
Prudions Effigies may be painted there if he desireth it And this Court doth order that
Mr Watson a Brother of this Company shall make the said Table and paint thereon the
ffigure of an Anathomy with the severall ffigures of the said Reader Doctor Prudion and
sio cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
our Clarke at the charge of this House And that the ffigures of the present Mrs of
Anatomy be there sett as Dissectors at theire pwne charge.
9th August, 1647. This Court takeing into consideracon the greate benefitt and
proffitt That have accrewed to this House by Mr Edward Arris a loveing Brother of this
Company This Court doth order That his picture be sett up in the Blanck Table in the
Hall next the Anathomy Table at the charge of this Howse.
19th August, 1647. Upon the earnest request of Mr. Edward Arris to this Court
That his Picture be nott sett up in the Hall according to the Order of the last Court of
Assistants This Court to satisfy Mr. Arris modest request therein doth order that that
order be annulled and not put in execucon.
Notwithstanding this order Mr. Arris' portrait was painted, and
is still at the Hall.
27th February, 1650. Mr Arris and Doctor Scarboroughs pictures to be sett in
the void Table in the Hall at the charge of this House.
In 1720 the Court were possibly thinking of purchasing another
Holbein, as the following note occurs in the minutes,
3rd March, 1720. Memorand"' Mr Lenthall at Burford in Oxfordshire has a
Picture of Sr Thomas More and his familey drawn by Hans Holben being a dispute
between his Protestant Daughter and his Catholick Daughter in the p°sence of the father
and the rest of the familey.
2 1 st April, 1720. It is referred to the Governors to treat with Mr Vertue the
Ingraver about Ingraving King Henry the Eighths Picture and to report his proposall to a
Court of Assistants.
27th August, 1734. The question of engraving the Picture was
again referred to a Committee.
17th September, 1734. The Committee reported, the result
being that Mr. Bernard Baron entered into an agreement to engrave a
plate ; the details of the arrangements with him are all set out in the
minutes, but are not sufficiently interesting to warrant transcribing.
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5/ /
Baron's engraving is well known and sought after by collectors,
but it has a peculiarity, being a complete reverse of the original
picture. Each Assistant is presented with a copy on his election on to
the Court.
We formerly had a portrait of Dr. Tyson, Anatomy Reader, but
this was sold to one of his descendants in 1 745 for ten guineas.
10th November, 1777. Mr. William Slade, an Assistant,
presented a mezzotint engraving of the portrait of John Paterson, Esq.,
formerly Clerk of the Company ; the original was painted by Sir
Joshua Reynolds. This engraving is now hung in the committee room.
Guildhall, 31 October, 1832.
Gentlemen,
Having become possessed a few years since of a perfect copy of Hollar's
engraved view of London a.d. 1647, representing the most striking appearance of the
metropolis as it existed previously to the conflagration in 1666, and thinking it might
be acceptable to the Lovers of the Antiquities of this ancient and renowned City
that so authentic a Memorial of its then state should be preserved and transmitted
to future ages by Multiplication of Copies.
I have had it carefully and correctly Lithographed, and request that your
Worshipful Court will be pleased to accept the impression herewith transmitted to be
placed in the Archives of the Company of Barbers.
I have the honor to be, Gentlemen,
Your most obed'- Servant,
W. L. NEWMAN,
City Solicitor.
To the Master Wardens and j
Assistants of the Worshipful >
Company of Barbers, London. )
This picture is now hung up in the corridor.
The following is but little more than a List of the Pictures now
at Barbers' Hall, a full account of which has been already written by
Mr. C. J. Shoppee.
<yi2 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Alderman Arris' Picture. This picture was painted by Mr.
Greenbury who was employed as Portrait Painter to the Company
at this period.
Dr. Charles Scarborough and Alderman Arris' Picture. This
picture was also painted by Mr. Greenbury as by the following extract
from the Wardens' Accounts for 1651 appears — ■
Paid to Greenburye for Painting the Picture of Mr Edward Arris and //. s. d.
Doctor Charles Scarborough & Anathomye 9100
Linneus' Picture. This picture of Linneus was purchased 2nd
July, 1844, for £■$ 2>s-, the particulars of the purchase and of the picture
are set out in the Court Minutes of this date. Mr. Shoppee has
surmised that this is a portrait of John Bancks, but though his portrait
was ordered to be painted, I do not find that it ever was, and it is not
once mentioned in any of the numerous early inventories of pictures.
The Minutes of 1844 are> however, so precise as to leave no further
doubt on this point, viz., that it is a portrait of Linneus.
The Holbein Picture.
King Charles II Picture, artist unknown. Purchased by the
Company 1 720-1 721.
Inigo Jones' Picture, by Sir A. Vandyke.
Thomas Lisle's Picture, artist unknown.
Sir John Frederick's Picture, artist unknown. Purchased by
the Company, 1665- 1666.
Serjeant-Surgeon Charles Bernard's Picture. This picture
was painted by Mr. Murray in 171 1, the Company paying him ,£12 iar.
for it.
The Duchess of Richmond's Picture, by Sir Peter Lely.
c/tmials of the Barber-Surgeons. 5/^
Henry Johnson's Picture, artist unknown. Mr. Johnson was
Master 1677 ; he has been erroneously described as " Serjeant
Surgeon" and "Serjeant Knight," but never held the first office, and
there is no such dignity as " Serjeant Knight." The fact is that Mr.
Johnson dying in his year of Master, was succeeded by John Knight,
Serjeant Surgeon (commonly called "Serjeant Knight") and Mr.
Knight's name being so written under Mr. Johnson's in an old list
of Masters, has been taken as the title of an office !
Ephraim Skinner's Picture, artist unknown.
Bernard Baron's red crayon study of Holbein's picture.
"Two Spanish Pictures." These were so called in the old
Inventories. There was also in the Inventory of 1720 "A picture of
the Prince Elector Palatine," but this subsequently disappeared, though
the " Spanish pictures " remained in the Inventories for many years.
Mr. Shoppee suggests that they are the portraits of Frederick Casimir
and his wife Elizabeth. At the top of one of them is a shield of arms,
being the coat of Byrkes or Brykes.
Queen Anne's Picture, artist unknown.
All the foregoing Pictures are hung in the Court Room. In the
Committee Room are various pictures, engravings and portraits of
recent Masters.
In the Vestibule to the Court Room is an ancient list of Masters
and Wardens on Vellum, enclosed with oak folding doors. It is not,
however, very accurate. It was at the Hall in 1720, and probably for
many years previously. The list was rewritten over the old lettering in
1865. (See head piece, p. 1.)
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF EMINENT
MEMBERS.
HENRY NEVILL, FOURTH LORD OF BURGAVENNY.
This Lord was the son of Sir George Nevill, third Lord of
Burgavenny, by Mary, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke of
Buckingham.
He succeeded his father in 1535, and was admitted to the freedom
of the Barber-Surgeons on the 26th August, 1584. In 1586 he was
one of the Commissioners appointed to try Mary Queen of Scots.
For striking the Earl of Oxford in the Chamber of Presence, he
was put under arrest, but managed shortly after to obtain a pardon
and his freedom.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5/5
He married Frances, daughter of Thomas Earl of Rutland, by
whom he left at his decease, ioth February, 1557, an only daughter
Elizabeth (the wife of Sir Thomas Fane), who was subsequently
created Baroness le Despencer.
LORD WINDSOR.
25th June, 1631. This daie or Mr signifying to the Court the affectionatenes of
the right honob,c the Lord Thomas Windsor Knight of the noble order of the bath and
Barron Windsor of Bradenham, wch this Court Loveingly and gratefullie embraceing doe
graunt his Lop! request and thereupon the said Lord was here in Court admitted and
sworne free brother of this Corporacon. Alsoe the said Thomas Lord Windsor was by
or Mr received into the Clothing or livery of this Companie and had a livery hood layed
upon his lops shoulder.
Lord Windsor at one time resided in Monkwell Street, close to
the Hall; he was chosen a Knight of the Bath 1610, at the creation of
Henry, Prince of Wales. He was subsequently Rear-Admiral of the
Fleet sent by James I to bring Prince Charles out of Spain, and on
that occasion entertained on board ship the Grandees of the Court of
Spain with princely magnificence. His Lordship married Lady
Katherine Somerset daughter of Edward, fourth Earl of Worcester,
K.G., but dying without issue on the 6th June, 1642, he was succeeded
by his nephew Thomas Windsor- Hickman, the son of his elder sister
Elizabeth.
THE DUKE OF MONMOUTH, K.G.
James Scott, the natural son of Charles II, was born 9th April,
1649, and created Duke of Monmouth in 1663. The same year, on
the 7th May, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons,
in company with Alexander Lord Leven, Richard Hopton, and
Thomas Rosse, Esquires.
The history of this unfortunate man is well known, and cul-
minated in his being beheaded on the 15th July, 1685.
3 u 2
5 ,6
a/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ALEXANDER, SECOND EARL OE LEVEN.
This nobleman was the grandson of the celebrated General
Sir Alexander Leslie, First Earl of Leven, whom he succeeded in
1662. On the 7th May, 1663, he was admitted to the freedom of the
Barber-Surgeons, in company with the Duke of Monmouth.
He married Margaret, daughter of Sir William Howard, and
sister of the Earl of Carlisle, but died without issue male, in 1663.
His kinsman George, fourth Lord Melville, was a staunch adherent
of the Duke of Monmouth, and involved in the rebellion, but was
lucky enough to escape into Holland ; he was, however, attainted
and his estates forfeited in 1685, but coming back to England with
William III his estates and dignity were restored to him.
SIR JOHN AYLEF.
Sir John Avlef was an eminent Surgeon
and probably born about 1490. Diligent
search has been made for his parentage, but
without success. In his will he refers to
seven "poor" people "being of my kynn
dwelling in Grenewiche," and from the fact
that he had a grant of arms instead of in-
heriting a paternal coat, as also the silence
of his immediate descendants when register-
ing the pedigrees at the Heralds' Visitations
(who must have known but did not care to register Sir John's father),
it may be assumed that he was of humble origin.
He was admitted to the freedom of the Barbers prior to 1522
and served the office of Warden 1530, 1532 and 1535, being chosen
Master 1538. At this time he was Surgeon to Henry VIII and had
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5/7
cured him of a fistula, for which the king granted him the manor
of Gryttenham in Wiltshire, part of the lands of the Abbey of
Malmesbury. Henry also bequeathed by his will ioo marks to Aylef.
Mr. Aylef, being elected on ist August, 1548, served the office
of Sheriff 1548-9, and in Wriothesley's Chronicle under date 1549
we read —
The third daie of March being Shrove Sondaie Mr Henry Amcottes Lord Maior
of London was presented to the Kinges Maiestie at his pallace at Westminster. And
after the oration made by Mr Recorder to his Maiestie and aunswere again by my Lord
Chauncelor unto the maior and aldermen, the Kinges Maiestie made my Lord Maior,
Knight, and Mr William Locke, Alderman, and Mr John Ayliffe, barbar surgeon, sheriffes
of London for this yeare, were made knightes also in the Chambre of Presens, the Kinges
Maiestie standing under his cloath of estate.
Two days afterwards Sir John had a grant of arms from Sir
Thomas Hawley, Clarencieux, and shortly after was elected Alderman
of Dowgate Ward. He seems to have relinquished his profession of
a Surgeon and to have become a Merchant, holding the important
office of Master of Blackwell Hall, one of the greatest commercial
centres of the period, and residing at the Hall, in the parish of
St. Michael Bassishaw.
On the 28th May, 1550, he was chosen the first Alderman of
the newly-created ward of Bridge Without, some interesting particulars
of which may be seen in Stow's Survey (ed. 1633, p. 446) ; while in
Wriothesley's Chronicle, under date 1550, we also read —
Memorandum. Wednesday in the Whitson weeke, at a Court of the Aldermen kept
in the Guyldhall, Sir John Aliffe, Knight, and master of Blackwell Hall, was sworne
an alderman of the Bridg ward without, and to have the jurisdiction of the Borough of
Southwark, and 2 deputies to be appointed there to assist him, which was the first
alderman that ever was there, which was done by the advise of my Lord Mayor and
th'' Aldermen, for the better order to be kept there, and for the more quietnes of the
Mayors hereafter to come, and the good order of the Kinges subjectes there, accordinge
5/# cAh mils of the Barber-Surgeons.
to the lawes of the City ; and the Fryday after he rode with my Lord Mayor all the
precint of Southwarke, my Lord Mayor havinge a certeine nomber of the honest persons
of the borough at the bridg-house, to whom he shewed theyr alderman, and appointed
deputies under him, and so hereafter to see a good order to be kept in the Borough,
as in other wardes of the citye of London.
Sir John subsequently removed to his old ward of Dowgate
(and continued Alderman there till his death, his successor being
chosen 12th November, 1556). After his election as Alderman he was
translated to the Grocers' Company, of which ancient guild he was
crowned Upper Warden, 9th June, 1556, in view of his election as
Lord Mayor for which he stood next in nomination, and to which
office, had he lived but a few weeks longer, he would in all probability
have been chosen. He was married to Isabel Buckell of Warwickshire,
and by her had four children, John, Erkynwald, Mary and Alice. His
son John and great grandson George, were both knighted. His widow,
Dame Isabel, had a grant of arms by Thomas Hawley (3 & 4 Ph. & M.)
ar. a fesse vaire or and az. betw. three doves ppr. bearing in their
beaks a branch gu. Sir John Aylef's funeral is thus recorded in
Machyn's Diary, 1556 —
The xx of October was bered ser John Olyff knyght and altherman, and sum-
tym he was surgantt1 unto kyng Henry the viij"', and after he was shreyff of London ;
and he had levyd tylle the next yere he had byn mayre, for he tornyd from the Surgens
unto the Grosers ; and bered at sant Myghelles in Bassynghall, with a harold of armes
bayryng ys cott armur, and with a standard and a pennon of armes, and iiij baners of
emages, and ij grett whytt branchys, and iiij grett tapurs and dosen of
torchys ; and mony powre men had gownes ; and with a elmett, targat, and sword ; and
the crest a crowne and a holyfftre~ standyng with-in the crowne.
For the inscription on Sir John Aylef's tomb, which formerly
stood in St. Michael's Bassishaw, see page 89.
1 Serjeant Surgeon. ■ Olive tree.
aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 519
Sir John Aylef's will, dated 26th September, 1556, was proved
24th December, 1556. He was, he says,
At this present somewhat sicke in bodye ; — ffirst and principally I give and
comend my soule unto Almightie god and to my Savior and Redemer Jesus Christ his
onely begotten sonne by and throughe the merittf of whose bytter passion I truste to
have Remission of my synnes and to the holie goste three parsons and one god and to
all the holye & blessed companye of heaven, and my bodye to be buried in holie grave in
suche decent order as to the goode discretion of my Executors hereafter named shalbe
thought mete and convenient for myne Estate and degree withoute pompe or glorie.
To the parson of St. Michael Bassishaw for tithes and obla-
tions forgotten 20s. To every priest singing in that church 10s. To
the clerk of the same church 55-. To the sexton 3s. \d. To the repair
and maintenance of that church .£5. To the parson of Pricklewell,
Essex, for tithes and oblations forgotten, 20.?. To the reparation of
that church £4. To the chapel of Bridewell in London £5, and one
vestment for a priest to say mass there when the chapel should be
made ready. His goods and chattels in London he directs to be divided
into three parts, whereof one-third to his wife, one-third to his daughters
Marie and Alice and the other third to his executors to the performance
of the will. Having already given his sons John and Erkynwald ,£300
apiece, he gives ^100 more to each. To Elizabeth Harvard £10. To
Robert Buckle (his wife's brother) ^10, and to each of his children 40.?.
To William Symson, his servant, ^10. To John More, his servant,
^"10. To John Etonfelde .£5. To Gyles Strowden, his clerk, ,£3.
To Christopher Vaughan, his clerk, £2. To Thornton, his clerk, £2.
To Bromefelde, his clerk, £2. To Millecent, "my Wyfes kinswoman
servant in my howse," ^20. To " Joane her sister my maide," ^20.
To every one of his servants in London and the country 20s. To
Thomas Eson, if he remain in Lady Aylef's service, £5. To George
Vaughan,1 —
1 Master of the Barber-Surgeons 1569. He died 26th December, 1569.
z,20 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
My boke of Guydo and all my Instrument^ Boxes and other that dothe in any
wise belonge to Surgerie. To Mr. Vykarie £$. Item I bequethe to the company of
Grocers for a repaste tenne poundf. Item to their clerke xxs- Item to their bedell xxs
Item I give to the companye of harbors for a repaste at my buryall fyve poundf and to
the beddell of the same company of barbors tenne shillings Item I give to the governors
of the hospitalls belonginge to the citie of London to make them a dynner at my buryall
fyve poundes and to every of the beddles of the said hospital^ one blacke Coote and
iijs iiij'1 in money.
To the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge £\o each, "to
be distributed to the comfort of the poore Scolers w'hin the said
univ'sites." To poor householders in St. Michael Bassishaw " where
I dwell" £4, and to those of St. Alban, Wood Street, £2. " Item to
the pore householders in the parishe where the barbors hall dothe
stande," xxs. To poor householders in St. Michael, Oueenhithe £2.
To the poor prisoners in Newgate 40jr., in the two Counters 40s., in
Ludgate \os., in the Marshalsea 20.?., in the King's Bench 20s., and in
the Gatehouse at Westminster 10s. " Item to every of the sixe Lazar
howses abowte London x\" To the poor in Bethlem 20^. To the
poor in the hosj^itals of the City ^100 (over and above ^100 he had
already given). To five poor men and two poor women being " of my
kynn dwelling in Grenewiche in Kent to eiche of them xls and a gowne
of suche Clothe to eiche of theym as shalbe given to the poore at my
buryall And my mynde and will ys that yf any other of the poore of
my kynn shall wthin one yeare and a daye next after my decease come
to myne Executours approvinge them selfes sufficiently to be of my
kynne & blinde That then every of them shall have xxs." To his wife
Isabel, the lease of his farm at Pricklewell with all the stock there
" except my Ryding geldingf ," also the lease of his woods there, on
certain conditions. To his son Erkynwald the lease of his farm of
Fambridge, in Essex, with remainder to Erkynwald's son William, and
after him to Martha (William's sister), and in the event of all of them
aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 52 1
dying without issue to Christ's Hospital, Bridewell, and St. Thomas'
Hospital. Testator recites that Henry VIII granted to him and his wife
Isabel and their heirs the manor of "Greteman" (Gryttenham), Wilts,
and that he was seised in fee of the parsonage of Wakeringe (near
Rochford, Essex), and of a marsh called Alforde Nash, in the parish of
Estwood (near Rochford). All of this property he bequeaths, after the
death of Lady Isabel to his son John, with remainder to Erkynwald,
then to Marie and Alice, and in the event of all them dying without
issue to the three hospitals aforesaid. To the poor of the parish of
Bassingham (eight miles S.W. of Lincoln) ^20 for coals. (Query : Was
Sir John born here?) To three score maids marriages in London ^20.
To Elizabeth Glasier 405. Residue to the Lady Isabel. Exectitors,
John Southcott (Under Sheriff of London), Richard Grafton, Grocer,
and Lady Isabel Aylef. To Southcott and Grafton ^20 each.
Overseers, Sir Rowland Hill,1 Laurence Withers, and John Machell,2
Aldermen, and to each of them a black gown and £\o, also a
black gown to each of their wives.
Sir John Aylef's name has been spelt in many ways, Aylif,
Ailiff, Alif, Olyff, Ailyffe, etc. ; in his will it is spelt Aliff. But this
family must not be confounded with that of John Oliphe, Alderman and
Sheriff 1569, buried at St. Laurence Pountney, 4th July, 1577;
although Wilson, in his History of that parish, at p. 232, mistakes
John the son of that Alderman for John the son of our Alderman.
For some notices of the Aylefs see Aubrey's collections for
Wilts, and Marshall's Visitation of Wilts.
The pedigree is compiled principally from Harl. MSS. 897, 1 165
and 1443.
1 Lord Mayor, 1540. ■ Sheriff, 1554.
3 x
522 (lAmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
THOMAS VICARY,1 Serjeant-Surgeon.
Thomas Vicary was probably born between 1490 and 1500,
and is stated in Manningham's Diary to have been "at first a meane
practiser in Maidstone until! the King advanced him for curing his
sore legge." In 1525 he was third Warden of the Barbers' Company,
and in 1528 Upper Warden and one of the Surgeons of Henry VIII
with ^20 a year. In 1530 he was Master of the Company and
appointed Serjeant-Surgeon, which latter office he held until his death.
In 1539 Henry granted him a beneficial lease for 21 years of the
Rectory and tithes of the dissolved Abbey of Boxley in Kent. In
1 541 Vicary was chosen Master of the Barber-Surgeons, to which
office he was again elected in 1546, 1548, and 1557 having thus
held the chief place in the Company no less than five times — an honour
to which no other member has ever attained. In the Holbein picture
Vicary is represented as receiving the Charter from the King. In
1542 he and his son William were appointed by the King Bailiffs of
the Manor of Boxley, and five years later he married his second wife,
Alice Bucke. In 1548 Vicary was appointed a Governor of St. Bartho-
lomew's Hospital, and soon afterwards became the Resident Surgical
Governor there ; in June, 1552, he was made " one of the assistants of
this house (St. Bartholomew's) for the terme of his lyffe." In 1548 he
published his celebrated book "The Anatomie of the bodie of man,"
no copy of the first edition of which is now known to be extant.
On the 27th January, 1 56 1 , Vicary made his will, which was
proved in London 7th April, 1562. The will, which is set out in full
in Dr. Furnivall's book, is too long to give here in extenso, but the
following extracts will be found of interest.
' This notice of Vicary is partially condensed from the exhaustive account of him, written by Dr. F. J.
Furnivall, and published in the Early English Text Society. Extra series LIII.
oAmials of tbe Barber-Surgeons. 523
Item I will that the masters of the livery of my Companie he at my
burial), and they to have xls for theire dinners, to be delivered to the wardens
at theire commyng to my buriall. And to Johnson the Clarke of the Com-
pany, vjs viijd And in consideration of my evell and necliget service done to
god and to his poore members, the poore of this hospitall of St. Barthelmewes
where I now dwell, in recompence whereof, and for the discharge of my concience,
I give and bequeath to thuse of the saide poore, tenne poundes in monney. Item
I give and bequeath xb in monney to and amongest fortie poore householders of
the saide p'ish of little sainte barthelmewes, that is to saye, to every house-
holder xij* Also I give and bequeathe Is in monney to thospitler, matron, stuarde,
Cooke, and porter offecer of the saide hospitall, that is to saye, to every of
them xb . . . . To Thomas Skair, my apprentis, vjs viijd ... I give
and bequeath to Roberte Baltropp' my best gowne garded with velvet, furred
and faced with Sables, my Cote of braunched velvete, and a sering3 of silver,
parcell gilte. Also I give and bequeath to Thomas Bayly3 my gowne of browne
blue lyned and faced with blacke budge,4 my cassocke of blacke satten fured and
garded with velvet, my best plaister box, gamisshed with silver, my salvitory5 of
silver, and a sering= of silver, with all other instrument^ of silver. Item I bequeathe
to Robert Muddesley6 my best single gowne faced with blacke satten. To George
Vaughan,7 my doblet of crimson satten . . . Also I give and bequeath unto the
hawle of my company one booke called Guido8 and ij billes ij bowes ij shefes
of Arrowes ij bracers ij shoting gloves ij Sculles one hand gune and one Jack Item
I give and bequeath to master Skynner9 one half hacke one Jack and one
murren And to Henry Picton my s°vnte aforesaide one booke called Jolr'es
Vigo.10 All the residue of my bookes stuff and instrument^ appertaining to surgery
I give and bequeath unto the same Henry Picton and Richard Vener equally betwen
them to be devided.
The remainder of his property was bequeathed to his nephews
Thomas and Stephen (sons of his late brother William Vicary, of
Boxley), and to his widow Alice.
1 Master 1565 and 1573, Serjeant-Surgeon. -Syringe. 3 Warden 1559.
1 Lambskin with the wool dressed outwards. 5 A kind of plaster box or small repository.
6 Master 1572 and 1580. ; Master 1569.
8 Guido de Cauliaco, one of the principal Surgery text books of the time.
0 Warden 1548. '" A well-known surgical work.
■X X 2
524 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
RICHARD FERRIS, Serjeant-Surgeon.
But little is known of Richard Ferris, though he was doubtless
a man of repute, as Gale speaks approvingly of him, and he held the
office of Serjeant-Surgeon in Queen Elizabeth's time ; his portrait is
preserved by Holbein in our great picture, and Henry VIII, by his
will, bequeathed him ioo marks. He was twice Master of the
Barber-Surgeons, viz., in 1 55 1 and 1562.
His will, dated 17th March, 1566, was proved on the 22nd
April, 1566, wherein he describes himself as "Richard Ferres Serjant
Surgion unto the quenes majestie, sick of bodie." He gives to " Em,"
his wife, his house, field, and orchard at Paddington for her life, with
remainder to his daughter Thomazine, and to her also the lease of the
house where he then dwelt in St. Giles, Cripplegate. In the event of
their deaths without issue, the property to be sold and distributed
amongst the poor in the discretion of his overseer, John Field1 and
Dr. Gregorie Wisdom, except 405. to his cousin Johanne Sympson.
To his daughter Thomazine his " Courte bedd and bedstede," also a
feather bed and bedstead furnished, half a garnish of pewter vessels,
&c, and £$0 which was owing to him by Dr. Cunningham (Reader at
Barber-Surgeons' Hall).
Item I give and bequeth unto the Companie of Barbo" and S°gions twentie
Shillings in monney a grete Pandack and an other booke called a verroyce. To John
ffelde my late sf vaunt all my other bookes bothe of Surgerie and others excepet ffoure of
theim \vdI I give unto John Griffine my Apprentice. Also I give and bequeth unto the
said John ffeld all my S^gerie stuff and all my Instrumetes both of silver and other and
also my gowne furred w"1 ffox wch I comonlie Ride in. Item I will and bequeth unto
Thomas Baylie* one Booke called Peter de argilate and the Staff wdl he gave me.
The residue to his wife, and she appointed executrix with John
Field overseer.
1 Master 1577. 2Warclen 1559.
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5*5
JOHN PEN.
Much time has been spent in the endeavour
to ascertain John Pen's parentage, but with-
out success. Among the Domestic State
Papers, Henry VIII, Vol. I (No. 4064) is
the grant of a corrody or sustentation from
the Monastery of Abbotsbury to Robert
Pen " one of the Gentlemen of the Chapel "
and to John Pen, his son, for life. The
date of this document is 9th March, 15 14,
and as John Pen was a retainer of the
King's, which this grant would also seem
to imply, and had a son whom he named
Robert, there is the possibility that this Robert Pen, the Gentleman
of the Chapel, was his father.
John Pen was admitted to the freedom of the Barbers in 1527,
and his birth may probably be put at 1 500-1 505. He was by profession
a barber, and evidently a friend of King Henry VIII, who advanced
him from Groom of the Privy Chamber to the honorable position of
King's Barber, an office which was only bestowed upon the most trusty
and confidential of the King's attendants ; the life of the sovereign
being in his barber's hands. (See pp. 90 and 91.)
Pen served the office of Master in 1539, and his portrait is in
the Holbein picture. He married, about 1530, Lucy, daughter and
heiress of Edmond Chevall of Sissivernes, in Codicote, Herts, and by
her he had a good estate. In 1545 Henry granted him the manor of
Codicote and the demesne lands of the late dissolved Abbey of St.
Alban's for ^826 gs. 4j4^-, to hold by the forty-fifth part of a
knight's fee. The King also bequeathed him 100 marks by his will.
By an Inquisition taken at West Barnet 1 8th October, 5 & 6
S26 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Ph. & M., it was found that John Pen died 21st August, 1558, and
that Thomas, his son and heir, was then of the age of 25 years and
9 months. John Pen's Will, dated 15th August, 1558, was proved by
his widow on the 6th May, 1559. Coleman in his list of Wills of the
Pen family states that a second grant of Probate was taken of this
Will by Gyles Pen on 10th October, 1560, but this is absolutely
incorrect ; on this date the Will of one Gyles Peny of Halstocke in
Dorsetshire was proved, and Mr. Coleman has confounded this in
a remarkable way with John Pen's Will, with which it has no
connection whatever. That Pen was not, or did not know that he was,
a connection of the Pens of Bucks, is most likely, as he obtained a
grant of arms for himself, in which the combs on either side of
the lion of England are typical of his office of King's Barber.
These arms were Ist & 4th Ar. on a fesse gu. betw. three peacocks
az. a lyon pass. guar, or betw. two combs of the first (Pen) 2d & 3rd
Or three horses' heads couped sa. bridled ar. (Cheval).
The following is the text of his will : —
In the name of uod amen The xv"' day of August Annis v" et vjto Regf et
Regine I John Penne Esquyre being sicke in body but whole and pr'fitt in mynde make
this my Testament conteynyng therin my last will in man' and fourme following that is
to saye ffirst my soule I bequeth almightie god &c and my body to be buryed in the
church of Codynte &c Item I bequeth to the high Alter of Codynte &c xxd Item to the
high Alter of 'Welwyn xx'1 Item my will and pleasure is That all wills and declaracons
therof heretofore mayde by me at any tyme heretofore to be voyed and of none effecte
and that this my last will and Testament be takyn reputed to be my last will and none-
other Item I give to ev°y of my doughters Elen Elizabeth and Dorothye fortie poundes
in money to be paied at their marriage daye or when they shall come to tlv'age of xvj11'
yeres. Yf any of theis iij childern depte this world before their m'riage or xvj"' yeres of
age That then the survivors to have the ptf of theym that ar deputed to god. The saied
legacy of my saied childern to be levyed out of the man0 of Sycesvriis w"' thappurtenncC
Item I give to Robert Penne his wif two kyne. Item my wyll and pleasure is and also I
give to Robert Pen my soune and to his heires my myll of Codynte payng yerely to
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ^ij
Willm my sonne twentie shilling^ during his naturall lif. The Resydewe of my goodes
my debtes and legacf paid I give to Lucy my wif whom I make my sole executrix.
Witnesses by me John Pen by me michaell hogkyn.
NICHOLAS ALCOCKE.
He was admitted to the freedom in 1523, and was Surgeon to
Edward VI ; his portrait is in the Holbein picture. He died
in the early part of 1550, and his will dated 15th February, 1549-50,
was proved 6th May, 1550. In it he describes himself as "One of the
Surgions to the Kingf Matic" and directs that his body shall be buried
in the Church of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, near where his children
are buried. He leaves one-third of his goods, &c, to his executors
for the purposes of his will, one-third to Margaret his wife, and one-
third to Elizabeth his daughter on her twenty-first birthday or marriage.
To the poor of Swyneshed, Lincolnshire, ^5. Six "sermons"
to be made for him at St. Stephen's. For poor maids marriages £/[.
To Bartholomew's Hospital 40^'. To George Brykesworth of Glaston-
bury, Surgeon, his best lute, and to Elizabeth Alcocke (testator's
daughter) his virginalls. To Richard Sygans, his servant "asleveles
jacket of cloth browne blewe a woorsted doblett a pair of hosen.
A payre of bootf and a paire of spurres." To Ann his maidservant a
bedstead, a mattress and a coverlet. " I bequeth to Robert Balthorpe
late my apprentice my booke called Guido in Englysshe." To Elizth
Smith a bedstead and mattress. To his two god-daughters, the
children of Robert Wilson and John Stocks, to each a pewter dish
and saucer.
I bequeth to John Mason' late my apprentice my bookf called Lanfrank, Johes
Arden and an other olde booke w' a bare woodden cov° in Englysshe and the practise of
ypocratf . To my wifes father Thomas Tumor my newe coloured gowne garded \v' velvett
and faced w" foynes and my best rydinge cote garded w' velvett and my dublett of redde
taffeta Also I bequeth to the eldest sonne of my father in lawe my foxe furred gowne
Warden 1575.
528
c/Innals of the Barber-Surgeons.
and a dublett w' blewe taffeta sieves and my black moumynge cote. Itfri I bequeth to
Robi:t Balthrope some tyme my apprentice my Russett woorsted gowne faced w' calabre'
and garded w' velvett.
He bequeaths his great house and premises called " ffreshe
wharff" in St. Botolph's Billingsgate, of the annual value of £2^ to
his daughter Elizabeth, but in the event of her decease before she came
of age this wharf to be sold and divided in certain proportions between
Bartholomew's Hospital, Thomas Turner, his father-in-law, Thomas
and Richard Turner his sons, the poore of Coleman Street, poor
maids' marriages, and the mending of highways.
He bequeaths some pastures and meadows at Enfield to his
wife. He directs his parsonage of Kirkbye, Lincolnshire, with all the
tithes and profits to be sold, and 100 marks to be given to Roger
Alcocke, his brother's son, 20 marks to his godson Nicholas Spencer,
and the residue to be devoted to works of charity in the discretion of
his executors. Thomas Archer, gentleman, and Randolph Atkinson,
Merchant Taylor, are appointed Executors, and John Wysdome, painter
staynor, and John Shireff, Barber-Surgeon, overseers.
ROBERT
Elizabeth and held that
BALTHROP, Serjeant-Surgeon.
Robert Balthrop was born in 1522,
and about the year 1538 apprenticed
to Nicholas Alcock (Surgeon to King
Edward VI). He was admitted to the
freedom 3rd March, 1545, and to the Livery
20th October, 1552. He served the office
of Warden in 1560 and 1564, and was
Master of the Company in 1565 and again
in 1573. About the year 1562 he was
appointed Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen
office until his death (9th December, 1 591 ).
c/tnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 529
He is buried in the church of St. Bartholomew the Less, where
there is (behind the organ) on the south wall of the church, a handsome
monument to his memory with this inscription —
Here Robert Balthrope lyes intombd, to Elizabeth our Queene,
Who Sergeant of the Surgeons sworne neere thrtye yeeres hathe beene.
He died at syxtie nine of yeeres December's ninthe the daye
The yeere of Grace eight hundred twice deductinge nine a waye
Let heere his rotten bones repose, till angells trompet sounde,
To vvarne the worlde of present chaunge, and raise the deade from grounde.
VIVIT POST FUNERA VIRTUS.
Balthrop's will was made about a fortnight before his death (27th
November), and therein he directs his body to be buried in St.
Bartholomew's the Less, in which parish he then resided. He seems
to have amassed a considerable estate and to have made a rather
lengthy will, but as a great deal of it is of much interest, especially his
inventory of surgical instruments and books, no apology is needed for
quoting largely from it.
I do give and bequeathe my sowle to the holy and blessed Trinitie the ffather
the sonne and the holy ghost three persons and one God allmightie hoping and stedfastly
beleevinge to be forgiven and pardoned of all my sinnes and to enjoye the everlastinge
and unspeakable felicities of heaven through the merrittf and passion of my only
redeemer and saviour Jesus Christ to whome be given all glorie honor and praise nowe
and for ever Amen.
To poor people in the discretion of his executrix ^10. To John
Mason,1 Chirurgian, dwelling in Long Lane 40^., and a few other small
legacies. "To my servauntes," John Deighton, Richard Neill, John
Edwards and William Taylor 40s. each. To each of his wife's maids 20s.
Also I give to the Company and bequeath to the company of the Barbors and
Chirurgions of the Cittie of London for their use in their hall one bell [? beer] bowle with
a cover beinge both of silver and gilte weighinge thirty ounces half an ownce and half a
quarter of an ownce. Also I give to the Mr and Governours of the said Company to
make them and the rest of the Cloathinge a Dynner in theire hall after my buryall ffyve
' Warden in 1575, his fellow apprentice with Nich. Alcock.
3 Y
53 o o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
poundes. Also I give and bequeath to the poore people of the said Company fyve
poundes. . . Also I bequeath to my moth' Mtis Love my golde ringe which hath in it
a stone called a Turkey. . . Also I bequeath to my felowe Goodorus1 one of my
Launcettf that is sett in golde and enamyled Also I bequeth to my felowe Baker her
maiesties Chirurgion my Syringe of silver gilted and three pypes of silver gilted belonginge
to the same.
To Mr. Bennett, one of the Queen's footmen, " my Brooch of
golde compassed aboute with ragg Rubies." Upon payment of £10,
John Gryffyn,3 surgeon, was to have the lease of his house. To
testator's nephew, William Balthrop ^50 " and my greate Ringe
of golde with my seale of Amies." To his Nephew Richard
Balthrop at the end of his apprenticeship £50 "and my lesser
Ringe of golde with my seale of Armes." And to these nephews his
lands and tenements at East Greenwich. To John Gryffyn
My fyne clothe gowne welted with velvett and faced with Damaske. ... To
John Deighton my servaunte my blacke cloth cloake layed with lace and faced with
velvett my blacke satten Dublett and my rounde velvett hose. To Richard Neel my
servaunt a cloak, doublett and hose. To John Edwards my servaunt my white canvas
Dublett that is at the parke with my Rownde velvett hose and my pheasaunt colored
cloake with the sleeves and cape faced with russett velvett. Also I give and bequeath to
my servauntf that nowe are with me and have bene my servauntes in tyme past which do
practize and exercise the art of Chirurgery such thingf of mine belonginge and
appertayninge to chirurgerie as are by me given and appointed to them in the Schedule
hereunto annexed.
To Dorothy, his wife, he gave all the residue of his lands,
houses, buildings, goods, chattels, plate, chains of gold, jewels, ready
money, &c, and appointed her executrix. Probate was granted
1 6th December, 1591.
SCHEDULE.
Item I give and bequeathe to my servaunt John Deighton my newe and last
made Chirurgery chest which is for my owne use with all that is therein except golde and
silver Also I bequeath to him my plaster boxe of leather which hath the lock hinges and
barrs over yt of Copper gilted and the cysars and all the silver instrumentes therein. Also
1 Serjeant-Surgeon and Master 1594. ■ Master 1597. n Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 15S6-1593.
c/Iimals of the Barber-Surgeons. 53 1
I give unto him my rownde silver salvatory and one catheter of silver and annother of
leade with the case wherein they are Also I give unto him a case with silver Instrumentes
therein that ys to saye a silver splatter a chockbarr of silver for the uvula a silver Syringe
parcell gilted Also I give unto him my silver precipitate box all wch thingf are in the
aforesaid chest. Also I bequeath unto him all my bookes of Phisicke and chirurgery with
two Dixionaries which are in my study in my house at Manfeilde parke in the parishe of
Taplowe. I also bequeath unto him my Englishe bible which is at the Courte. I give
and bequeath to Lewes Rogers ' somtyme my servaunte my greater surgery Chest which
is in my Chamber here at London with all that is therein except golde and silver. Also
I give unto him my plaster box which my wife hath in the Countrie with all the
instrumentes therein belonginge to the same Also I give unto him a Catheter of silver
which is in the Chest that I have apointed to John Deighton my servaunte Also I give
unto him these bookes followinge Guydoes Chirurgery in ffrench, Bartholomeus De
proprietatibus rerum, Vidus Vidius Interpres, Valescus his practise, Albucasis Discorides,
Cornelius Celsus, Johannes Mesue, Marcus Catenarcus, Guydoe in latin, Leonardus
ffuschius, Gyrolanus in ffrench and Quintus Curtius in Englishe. Also I give and
bequeath to my servaunt John Edwards my least Chirurgery Chest which is at the Court
for the Dayly use of my servauntes with all that therein is, my plaster box of leather with
y° gilted locke and hinges of silver with all the instrumentes therein to the same
belonginge and these English bookes, Gemimes Anathomy, Guido and Leonard ffuschius
both in written hand, John Vigo, Eliot's Dictionarie which I have lent to my felowe
Goodorus, Turners herball and my byble which is at my howse in Manfeilde parke. Also
I give unto him a pewter Syringe with three pypes of silver belonginge to the same. Also
I give unto John Griffin somtymes my servaunt my silver salvatory percell guilted which
is in the Chest that I have appointed to my servaunte Lewes Also I bequeath to
Anthony Gariswall somtyme my servaunte one bigge latin booke wherein are bounde
togeather the Chimrgeries of Guido, Brumis, Theodoricus Lanfrancke and Alberti Palus
Also I give and bequeath unto the companie of the Barbors and Chirurgeons of the Cittie
of London the Chirurgery of that most excellent writer John Tagaultius the lattin booke
and also the English translation that I have made thereof And also the Chirurgerie of
the expert and perfect practitioner Ambrose Parey both which workes I have written into
Englishe for the love that I owe unto my bretheren practisinge Chirurgerie and not
understandinge the latin Tounge and given them into the Hall for theire Dayly use and
Readinge both in lattin and Englishe and Desiringe that they may be kept faire and cleane
for my sake which wish them all prosperous and good successe in theire workes and
1 Warden 1615, 16, and 17 (died in 1617).
3 V2
5i*
a/Jniials of the Barber-Surgeons.
endevours whatsoever they take in hande to the glory of God and the advauncemente of
the Arte. Also I give unto my servaunt John Edwards my Case with all the Instrumentes
therein which is in my Chest which I have appointed for Deighton. Also I give unto my
servaunte John Deighton my bagge with the case and all the Instrumentes and other
thingf that are therein which lyeth for my Daily use in my Chest wherein I put my
lynnen at the Courte. fifinally my will is that myne Executrix shall give to the use of the
two hospitalls Sainte Bartholomewes and Saint Thomas for the sicke and sore people there
all other such medicines bookes Instrument^ bottles boxes and pottf and such like thingf
belonginge to Chirurgery as are not in this Schedule bequeathed and given and such as
she will reserve for her owne use, and to give to the poore for Christes sake. In Witnesse
whereof I have also Subscribed this Schedule and put to my seale the Daie and yere first
above written. Per me Robertum Balthropp.
Arms. Ar. on a chev. sa. five fleur de lys of the first. (The
shield on Balthrop's monument is quarterly Ist and 4th as above, 2d and
3rd a bend betw. two Eagles displayed.)
SIR PETER PROBY.
Peter Proby was born at Chester, and
was the son of Randolph Proby, after-
wards of Brampton, Hunts, by his wife, a
Miss Bernard. He was admitted to our
freedom in 1579, made a Liveryman 1st July,
1596, an Assistant 6th July, 1609, and served
the office of Master 161 5. He was Sheriff
of London 1614, Alderman of the Ward
of Oueenhithe, and Lord Mayor in 1622.
19th August, 1605. This day Mr Peter
Proby a very lovinge member of this company did
out of his love and affection to this house of his owne
voluntarie good will give unto this company a very fayre large and serviceable standinge
Cup of silver and double gilte wayghinge xxx ouncf & a penny waight with a cover unto
it whereupon are his armes placed And hath this sup^scription ingraven upon it [This
[|>sifi peTervPPvQBY^
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cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5 ? ?
cup is given to this hall by Peter Proby gentleman free of the same, A servant to Queene
Elizabeth and to Kinge James And for both keep0 of the Recordes in the Tower of
London. Postmr for the service of Ireland. And for speciall Service a pentioner for
leife. Who was twice of the high courte of Parliament] which cup was kindlie accepted
by this Court, And in gratificafon thereof It is by this Court ordred that the said Peter
Proby shalbe exempted and discharged from all offices within this Company except the
office of Mr or Govemor of this companie. And from all other attendaunces for the
service or affaires of the said Company And when it shall please him to come to the hall
he is to be kindlie and freindlie intertayned. finis coronabit opus.
24th May, 1 6 14. It was agreed that Mr. Alderman Proby
should, if he desired it, "have the use of this house together with the
plate and other necessaries for to keep his Shrievalty," and if he
desired to keep his Shrievalty elsewhere he was to be allowed to borrow
the plate for a year ; and on the ist July it was agreed that ^40 should
be given to him towards the "bewtifying of his howse."
25th August, 1614. Fifteen Members of the Court of Assistants
were nominated to attend Mr. Sheriff Proby on Michaelmas eve and
the next day, and all charges and expenses which they might incur
were to be borne by the Company.
In 1 61 6, Sir Peter who had previously been appointed Governor of
the colony of Ulster by special commission from the King and the City
of London, repaired thither, attended by divers of the most eminent
citizens, to regulate certain affairs belonging to the plantation, taking
with him two rich swords of state as a present from the City, to be
carried before the Mayors of Londonderry and Coleraine, the former
having been some time before erected into a city and the latter into a
Mayor-town.
8th June, 1622. At a Court held this clay Alderman Proby
was ordered to be translated to the Grocers' Company, in view of
his coming election as Lord Mayor.
534 c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
20th September, 1622. At this Court it is agreed that. there shalbe hiered on
the Lord Maior5 day a Noyse of Trumpettf at the Charge of the howse.
At this Court it is agreed that Mr Alderman Probie shall have our plate &
hangeingf for this yeare of his Maioralty.
Sir Peter's eldest son, Heneage, was knighted ; he was Sheriff
of Bucks, and M.P. for Amersham. His second son, Henry, was
Common Serjeant of London. Sir Peter was the ancestor of several
members of Parliament as also of the Marquess of Rockingham
and the Earl of Carysfort. His grandson Peter Proby, who
married Grace, daughter of Sir Richard Ford, was chosen a
Liveryman of the Company 10th March, 1659.
Sir Peter Proby's will (undated) was proved 21st March, 1625,
and commences —
I Peter Proby Knight and Alderman of London calling to minde the transitory
estate of all flesh and more perticulerly the great age wch through gods especiall goodnes
I have attayned, as alsoe the weake estate of my body broken of late \vlh many sicknesses
and infirmities wch still hanging one mee as be many monitors unto me to p°vide for my
approachinge change and settlinge of that poore state wherew"' it hath pleased god to
blesse mee.
He gives to his wife Dame Elizabeth Proby (of whom he
speaks in terms of the greatest affection) his manor of Allington, alias
Aylton, Hunts, for 40 years, if she shall so long live, with remainder to
his son Heneage, also to his wife his mansion and manor house of
Caddington, Herts, with the demesne lands of that manor and the
tithes thereof, also all his lands, tenements, and hereditaments in Luton
and Dunstable with remainder to his son Henry, also to his wife his
house in St. Swithin's Lane, London. To his son Henry the manor
of Yaxley, Hunts, with the tolls of the fair and markets there, which
he had by virtue of a lease from Queen Elizabeth. To his son, the
Rev. Edmund Proby, D.D., ,£1,000. To his son George £1,000. To
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
535
his son Emanuel ^500 (he having already had ^"500). His daughter,
Walsingham having been provided for on her marriage, was to have ^20.
To my kinde and loveinge soune in lawe William Downhall esquire ,£20.
Item I give and bequeath unto my lovinge friends the Mr Wardens and company of
Barber surgions the some of twenty pounds.
Also £$0 to the Grocers' Company and £6 6s. 8d. to Bridewell
Hospital. To the poor of Aylton i2d. weekly for 5 years. To the
poor of Yaxley 6d. weekly for 5 years.
And as for that yerely pencon y' I have given for ever in the parish I was borne
in in the Citty of Chester I require my executor to see and make inquiry of the
pYormance thereof (accordinge to a brason table in the Church therefore) the wch for
many yeres past I have knowne well performed and soe I hope wilbe for ever.
His sons, Heneage and Henry, and son-in-law, William
Downhall, were appointed Executors.
Sir Peter Proby's arms were, erm. on a fesse gu. a lyon pass,
or. a crescent for difference.
WILLIAM CLOWES.
William Clowes was the son of Thomas
Clowes, originally of Kingsbury, Warwick-
shire, and afterwards of London. He was
born about 1540, and studied surgery under
Mr. George Keble, who was not free of our
Company, but of whom Clowes more than
once speaks in terms of highest praise. He
tells us that in 1563 he served as a Surgeon
in the army under the Earl of Warwick at
Havre, and after this campaign he was for
some time in the Navy, in both which appointments he undoubtedly
gained great experience. In 1569 he no doubt settled in London, as
53 6 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
on the 8th of November in that year he was admitted to the freedom by
translation, and he soon secured a large practice, though it was not
until the 18th July, 1588, that he was made an Assistant of the Court.
The records do not display Mr. Clowes' character in the most
favourable light, as the following extracts will show : — ■
6th October, 1573. Here was one & complayned [against] Willm Clowes for
takynge his money and he not cured.
7th February, 1575. Here came one Willm Goodnep and complayned of Willm
Clowes for not curing his wief de morbo gallico and yt was awarded that the saide Clowes
sholde either geve the saide Goodnep xxs orells cure his saide wief wch Clowes agreed to
pay the xxs and so they were agreed and eche of them made acquittance to other.
28th February, 1576. Here was a complainte against Willm Clowes by one
Goodenge for that the saide Clowes had not onlie misused the saide Goodinge in speche
but also most of the masters of the Company w'h scoffing wordes and jestes, and they all
forgave him here openlye in the Co'te and so the stryfe was ended upon cond0 that he
sholde nevr so misuse him self agayne and bonds was caused to be made to that effect.
25th March, 1577. Here at this Corte was a greate contension and stryffe
spoken of and ended betwene George Raker and Willm Clowes for that they bothe
contrary to order and the good and holsome rules of this howse misused eche other and
fought in the ffelds togethers. But the Mr Wardens and assistance wishing that they
might be and continewe loving brothers p°doned this greate offence in hope of
amendement.
The George Baker with whom Clowes fought, was afterwards
Serjeant-Surgeon and Master of the Company in 1597. In 1575
Mr. Clowes was appointed one of the surgeons of St. Bartholomew's
Hospital and later on he was surgeon to Christ's Hospital ; he was
also surgeon to Queen Elizabeth and James I. His first book, " De
morbo Gallico," was published in 1579. In 1585 he went as surgeon
of the forces in the expedition to the Low Countries under the Earl
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ^}j
of Leicester. In his book, " Proved Practise," he tells a great deal of
this expedition and says that many of the surgeons were most unskilful
and " slew more than the enemy did," though he and his friend
Serjeant-Surgeon Gooderus (Master 1594) did not lose a case. Mr.
Clowes had the honour of serving in the fleet which defeated the
Spanish Armada, and in 1594 was Warden of the Barber-Surgeons,
the last Court which he attended was on the 9th February, 1596.
After a successful practice he retired to a country house at Plaistow,
in Essex, and died in 1604. Dr. Norman Moore says that his books
"are the best surgical writings of the Elizabethan age; they are all
in English, and his style is very easy and forcible, sometimes a little
prolix but never obscure."
WILLIAM CLOWES, Jun., Serjeant-Surgeon.
He was the son of William Clowes, Barber-Surgeon ; born
about 1582, he was apprenticed to his father and admitted to our
freedom 22nd January, 1605, and on 13th December, 161 5, called to
the Livery ; he was then surgeon to the Prince of Wales, and had a
dispensation from the Court of the Company to attend the lectures and
Hall only on such occasions as should be convenient to him. On the
accession of Charles I he was made Serjeant-Surgeon to the King. In
1626 he was Master of the Company, and again in 1638. A
characteristic letter of Serjeant Clowes and some particulars as to his
election as Master in 1626 may be seen on pp. 248-250. On 30th
October, 1648, his decease was reported to the Court.
By his will, dated 28th March, 1630, he bequeathed his
property freehold and copyhold, to his wife Sara, his son James,
and his daughters Ann and Sara.
3 z
5J$ oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Arms. Az. on a chev. engr. betw. three unicorns' heads, era or.
as many crescents gu.
Geoffrey Clowes t1
of Tutbury, Stafford-
shire
Nicholas Clowes, ~,
of Kingsbury, War- i
wickshire
Thomas Clowes=Emma d. of
of Kingsbury and I John Beauchamp.
London
d. of-r William CloweszF2nd. Katherine Smith,
Godwin of Kent
of London, Surgeon \ 'granddr of Sir Hen
to Queen Elizabeth
and James I, d. 1604.
William Clowes" Sara. Richard Clowes
Serjeant-Surgeon I
Wallop of Hampshire.
to Charles I. Henry Clowes-pSusan, d. of Catherine Mary
d. 1648. of Cornhill, ad-
1 1 ' 1 mitted to Free-
James Clowes. Ann. Sara, dom of Barber-
Surgeons 16 Jan.,
1627, viz., 1633.
Richard, Cut- m. Rich/*- d. unm.
ler of London. Pile of
Hampshire.
Richard Clowes. Thomas Clowes. Susan,
ffit. 3, in 1633.
THOMAS THORNEY.
Thomas Thorney, born in 1542 or 1543, was apprenticed to
William Bovey (Master 1 58 1 ) a surgeon in large practice. He was
made free 8th April, 1573, and elected an Assistant 19th June, 1595 ;
he served as Warden in 1598 and 1600 and was twice Master of the
Company, viz., in 1602 and 1606, he was also a Common Councilman.
Mr. Thorney acquired considerable property in Holborn and the
country, but dying on 4th June, 1614, without issue, made his nephew
Peter (son of his then deceased brother Walter) his heir. He was a
considerable benefactor to the Parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, where
there is a monumental tablet to his memory. His Will dated 25th
May, 161 2, was proved on the day of his death, and among other
bequests to St. Andrew's Holborn, he left ^"io to the Churchwardens —
to make a Dynner or supper therwith and to make merrie therewith with my
good neighboures for my sake and to encrease neighbourelie love amongest them And
the Churchwardens to bid the parson and Minister to be with them. Item I give to
the Company of Barbar Surgions twoe spowte pottf of silver and guilt one all guilte
a/limals of the Barber-Surgeons. 539
and the other parcell guilte to the valewe of twentie poundes and the Thome bushe to be
graven on either of them and the Barber Surgeons amies and my name at lardge and
some wordes to shewe that they were of my guifte Item I give likewise to the Company
of Barbor surgions of London that shall followe me at my ffunerall fyve poundf to make
a Dynner with and to be merrye for my sake and to the entent to encrease brotherlie
love amongest them The said ffyve poundes to be paied to the Master and Wardens
when they come to fetch my bodye to the churche.
To his wife Annie he gave his dwelling house in Holborn, and
another newly built house there, also one on the street side next the
Bars, and the third part of all his other lands for her life and all his
goods and movables. To Richard Cade " my auncient and honest
servaunte" and to Jane his wife 40^. each for rings. To his nephew,
Peter Thorney, his houses in Fetter Lane, the Bell Inn at Acton, a
dwelling house at Acton, and the King's Head in Holborn near the
Bars, with a proviso that should Peter die without heirs the Bell at
Acton was to pass to the Barber-Surgeons.
PETER THORNEY.
Peter Thorney was apprenticed to his uncle Thomas Thorney
and admitted to the freedom 14th July, 1603. He seems to have got
into good practice and was one of the Army Surgeons. He was
appointed Surgeon-General of the Army going to the relief of Rochelle,
and made his will a few days afterwards (25th July, 1628) with a
presentiment of his death, which was soon realised, as probate was
granted on the 24th November following. He says —
I covnend my bodie to bee buried where it shall please god or my freindes, if I
come not home from the Sea this voiage I intended for the releife of Rochell, but if it
shall please god that I die in England if it maiebee possible I would bee buried in S'
Andrews Church as neare to my Unckle Mr Thomas Thorney as maie bee.
Among other bequests he gives five marks to such of the livery
of the Company as shall follow him to the Church ; he makes his son
■\ z 2
54o
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Thomas (then under age) his heir generally and provides for his wife
Ann and daughter Elizabeth ; he leaves to George Peren, Barber-
Surgeon, his " yearball knowne by the name of Gerardf yearball."1
But if it shall please god soe that both my children shall die without issue Then
my will is that y° Bell in Acton shall remaine for ev° to the Company of the berber
surgeons of London according as my unckle Mr Thomas Thorney hath hertofore
bequeathed it.
Item I give to Edward Griffith which was my Servant all my manuscript^
belonginge to surgerie and all my instrument^ belonging to Surgery except my plaster
box and salvatory and instruments in the boxe and my silver seringe, and likewise unto
the said Edward all my medicines whatsoever I give him w* my bookes of Surgery
whatsoever in my Studdie.
JOHN GERARD.
John Gerard was born in 1545 a! Nantwich
in Cheshire, his parentage is unknown,
though by his coat of arms he appears to
have descended from the Gerards of I nee
in Lancashire. In 1562 he was apprenticed
to Alexander Mason, a Surgeon in extensive
practice, who was Warden in 1556 and 1 56 1
and Master in 1567 and 1573 (Mr. Mason
died 3rd April, 1574). Gerard was admitted
to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons 9th
December, 1569. There is no record of his
admission to the Livery, though in conse-
quence of his professional attainments and his presumable friendship
with his master who made him free, he doubtless had the clothing at
the same time. The only note we have of Gerard, before he comes
on the Court, is one in which he appears before the Masters as
defendant in a case of alleged slander on the wife of a brother freeman.
1 Gerard's Herball.
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ^41
2 1 st February, 1578. Here was a complainte against Jo: Jerrard for saying that
Richard James his wief had the ffrenche pocks, and he made answere and saide he wolde
justifie the same, and he was dismist to the Comon Lawe.
Gerard was elected a Member of the Court of Assistants on
the 19th June, 1595. For some long time previous he must have been
engaged in the preparation of his great work " The Herball orGenerall
Historie of Plantes" a folio of some 1,400 pages, embellished with
about 1,800 illustrations of plants,1 and published in 1597, which, whilst
it was by far the best and most exhaustive work of its kind at that
period, has ever since been considered a standard book of reference ;
a good copy being now worth 8 to 10 guineas. At this period he was
living " at my house in Holburne, within the suburbs of London,"
probably near Fetter Lane, where he had a large garden of herbs.
The style of Gerard's writing was very quaint, and abounds
with quiet humour ; he scouted monkish tales and old wives' fables
concerning the miraculous properties of plants, etc., honestly en-
deavouring to present facts to his readers ; yet even he has not
hesitated to record as true, and gravely set forth, some fabulous stories,
as, for example, in speaking of Barnacles on p. 1391, he says —
There is a small Ilande in Lancashire called the Pile of Foulders, wherein are
found the broken peeces of old and brused ships . . . wheron is found a certaine spume
or froth, that in time breedeth unto certaine shels, in shape like those of the muskle, . . .
wherein is conteined a thing in forme like a lace of silke finely woven, as it were togither,
of a whitish colour ; one end whereof is fastned unto the inside of the shell ; . . . the
other end is made fast unto the belly of a rude masse or lumpe, which in time commeth to
the shape & forme of a Bird : when it is perfectly formed, the shel gapeth open, & the
first thing that appeereth is the foresaid lace or string ; next come the legs of the Birde
hanging out ; and as it groweth greater, it openeth the shell by degrees, till at length it is
all come foorth, and hangeth onely by the bill ; in short space after it commeth to full
maturitie, and falleth into the sea, where it gathereth feathers, and groweth to a foule,
bigger then a Mallard, and lesser than a Goose ; having blacke legs and bill or beake,
' The woodcuts for these illustrations were procured from Frankfort, and originally executed for the
German Herbal of Tabernxmontanus.
542 ^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons.
and feathers blacke and white, spotted in such maner as is our Magge-Pie, called in
some places a Pie-Annet, which the people of Lancashire call by no other name than a
tree goose ; which place aforesaide, and all those parts adjoining, do so much abound
therewith, that one of the best is bought for three pence : for the truth heerof, if any
doubt, may it please them to repaire unto me, and I shall satisfie them by the testimonie
of good witnesses.
The woodcut illustrations with which the book abounds are
designed in a good artistic style, being frequently consulted and
adapted nowadays by artists engaged in floral design. In 1596, Gerard
seems to have propounded a scheme for the Company to keep a
garden for the cultivation and study of medicinal plants, and some
land belonging to the Company in East Smithfield was suggested
for this purpose, but not being thought a suitable spot, certain
members of the Court offered to contribute towards the purchase of a
garden elsewhere; in June, 1597, the subject was under consideration,
and again in November, 1602 ; but whether anything further was done
in the matter does not appear. The minutes in our books relating to
this business, are as follows —
26th March, 1596. A motion was also made conceminge the Demisinge of
certen garden grounds at East Smithfield for the wch Mr ffettyplace, Mr Lacock and John
Gerard were sev°all Sutors. Yt was agreed that the same should be let for yerely rent at
the pleasures of the masters or governors and none of the said sutors obteyned any
graunte. But for as muche as John Gerard's request was to have yt to make a garden of
yt for the ffurtherance of learning in the knowledge and practiqe of the nature and skill of
herbes, wch was thought not a place ffytt for that p°pose, but that a more convenient place
should be sought owte and dyvers of the Companie did offer to be contributors for the
buying of the same, and Mr ffetiplace and Mr Lacock are to be spoken w"'all and thus to
be satisfied.
1 6th June, 1597. At the request of Mr Peck' and Mr Gerat yt was agreed at
this Corte that those whose names are here after menconed should survey a peece of
ground ffyt to make a Garden for to plant all kinde of herbes in routes plantes and suche
like as to the saide Mr Gerat being a skilfull Herbalist should thinck meete for the wo'shipp
of this societie, and to relate their opinions and accons therein to this howse and societie
■John Peck, Master 1605 and 16 10.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 543
for the further p°ceding therein, viz' Mr John Isard ' Mr Lewes Atmer5 Mr Cox Mr Wood3
Mr Sprignell4 Mr Borne s Jeames Bates6 Mr Thomas Waren7 Mr Bovy8 Mr Byrd9
Mr Gale "° Mr Laycock " Mr Jo Martin13 or any viij. x. or the most p°te of them.
2nd November, 1602. This daye it is ordered that the Committes for Mr
Gerrard's garden shall this aft' noone meet at the hall to consider of the report for a
Garden for the said Mr Gerrard.
In August, 1597, John Gerard was chosen Junior Warden
(George Baker, the Queen's Serjeant-Surgeon being at the same time
elected Master), and in January following he was appointed one of
the Examiners of Surgeons. In 1604, there had been controversies
between Gerard and Christopher Frederick (Master 1609), which
on the 1 2th June were referred to a Committee of the Court for
settlement. "And if they no ende can make they are to make
report at the next Court of their p°cedinges therein."
26th September, 1605. This day Mr Jerrard was discharged of the office of
second Warden and upper governo' of this Company uppon his suite & entreatie for
certayne consideracons. And is fyned for the said places at x" which he is p°ntlie to pay
to the p°nte Mrs or governours And is hereafter to take his place as though he had
served the place of upper Governo' any thinge to the contrarie notwithstandinge.
7th November, 1605. The above order was rescinded, but
shortly afterwards Mr. Gerard brought £\o into Court, and left it
with the Wardens, when it was ordered that the matter should be
further considered, and in the result the fine was accepted.
21st October, 1606. This daie John Gerrard was fyned at vjs viijd for abuseing
Mr Peck and it is ordered that from henceforth they shall be freinds, and all
Controversyes betweene them are to cease.
20th July, 1607. Mr. Gerard was again appointed an Examiner
of Surgeons, and 17th August following elected Master.
Queen Elizabeth is reported to have entertained a high opinion
of Mr. Gerard's attainments, and he was also patronised by her
'Warden 1590, 1593, 1596. -W. 1601. "Master 1591. ' W. 15S4, 15S7, 1591. 'M. 1600.
"W. 1591, 1595, 1597. 7W. 1596. "M. 1617. "M. 1590. "'M. 1595. " M. 1598, 1604. '- M. 1601.
$44 oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
Minister, William Cecil, Lord Burleigh, whose garden he superintended
for twenty years. In the dedication of his Herbal to Lord Burleigh,
in speaking of the " care and studie" of herbs, he says—
Under your Lordship I have served, and that way imployed my principall studie,
and almost all my time now by the space of twenty yeeres. To the large and singular
furniture of this noble Hand, I have added from forren places all the varietie of herbes
and flowers that I might any way obtaine, I have laboured with the soile to make it fit
for the plants, and with the plants to make them to delight in the soile, that so they
might live and prosper under our climate, as in their native and proper countrie : what
my successe hath beene, and what my furniture is, I leave to the report of them that
have seene your Lordships gardens, and the little plot of my speciall care and husbandrie.
Among the numerous epistles, etc., laudatory of Gerard, pre-
fixed to the Herbal are some exceedingly quaint verses dedicated by
"Thomas Thorney1 Master in Chirurgerie, to his learned friend and
loving brother in Art, M. John Gerard." There is also an epistle by
" George Baker, one of hir Maiesties chiefe Chirurgions in ordinarie,
and M. of the Chirurgions of the Citie of London." Besides his
garden in Holborn, Gerard seems also to have had one in the Strand
by Somerset House, and to have held the appointment of " Herbarist"
to James I, for among the Domestic State papers at the Record Office,
is a grant dated ioth October, 1603, by Anne, Queen of James I to
Sir Robert Cecil, Lord Cecil of Essingdon, of the Keepership of
Somerset House with all the orchards, walks, gardens, &c, thereto
belonging "except and alwaies reserved to John Gerrard of London
Surgeon and herbarist to his Matic all that garden plott or peece of
ground wth all and singular p fittf comodities and other the apptencC
therew"1 graunted and demised unto him by one lease given under
or hand and seale at " 2 .
' See p. 538.
■The lease was dated 14th August, 1603, and was for 2 acres of land for Gerard's life at a yearly rent of
four pence, with a tribute of herbs, &c. , if demanded.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 545
In 1639 the Company purchased a copy of Gerard's work for
the Library. " Paid for M' John Gerrardf herball for the library
for Claspes & settinge on the chaine xxvs vjd- "
John Gerard died in February, 1612, and was buried at
St. Andrew's, Holborn, on the iSth of that month. There is a
fine portrait of Gerard facing page 1 of the Herbal, in which he
is represented holding a potato plant in his hand ; below are the
arms of the Barber-Surgeons and his own coat, viz., quarterly 1st
and 4th ar. a lyon rampant erm. crowned or, a crescent for difference
(Gerard), 2nd and 3rd ar. three torteaux in bend between two bendlets
sa. (I nee). Crest, A lyon's jamb era. inverted holding a hawk's lure.
Motto, D'assenti buone.
The best account of Gerard may be seen in a privately-printed
" Catalogue of Plants cultivated in the Garden of John Gerard and a
life of the Author," by Benjamin D. Jackson, F.L.S. London, 1876.
SIR THOMAS BLUDDER.
Sir Thomas was the son of Sir Thomas Bludder, of Flanchford,
in the parish of Reigate (who died 1st November, 161 8). He was
knighted at Whitehall, 22nd April, 161 8, and married three times, his
third wife being Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Brett, of Rotherby,
Lancashire.
9th August, 1621. At this Court upon the request of Sir Thomas Bludder
Knyght who was desierous to be made a freman of this Company It was ordered he
shold be made free & so tooke his oath accordingly.
Sir Thomas, who was a Justice of the Peace for Surrey,
represented Reigate in the several Parliaments of 21 James I, and
1, 3 and 16 Charles I. He was a Royalist and imprisoned for his
adherence to that cause, and died on 29th September, 1655.
4 a
54&
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
A pedigree of the Bludders will be found in Aubrey's Antiquities
of Surrey, IV, 210.
Arms. Gu. a dexter arm embowed or, the hand ppr.
MARTIN BROWNE.
Martin Browne was born about 1590,
probably in Lincolnshire ; he was appren-
ticed to Thomas Clemence, a surgeon free
of the Company, and on 13th July, 1613,
was admitted to the freedom. He seems to
have had an extensive practice, and in 1648
was living in Creed Lane. There are
numerous references to him in our Minutes,
from which may be gathered that he was a
man of great experience, and well able to
hold his own in some cases where his pro-
fessional skill had been called in question by
jealous brethren of the craft. He served as Warden in 1640 and 1645,
and was Master in 1653, when he presented the Company with a
loving cup (see p. 502). He died 1 6th April, 1655, and in his
will dated 20th August, 1654, and proved 24th April, 1655, he
describes himself as of the parish of St. Gregory, " full of yeares,"
and requests to be buried in his parish church near his dead
children " which was partly under my owne pewe where now of late I
satt." To the poor of that parish he leaves £10. To the poor of East
Tilbury 40s. To the poor of Louth, in Lincolnshire, ,£10. To his
cousin Richard Mason, of Leeyborne, Lincolnshire, ,£5, and to his son,
Richard Mason, testator's apprentice, ,£5 and his case of silver
instruments, " with fower books of phisick and of Chirurgery namelie
Ambrose Parrey and Rondeletius and Aqua Sendens his mannuall
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
547
operations and Tangaltius and others Authers all bound up in one
volumne." He gives several legacies of money to cousins, nieces,
servants, and apprentices, makes his wife Margaret his executrix, and
leaves all his lands and houses in the counties of Essex and Lincoln and
the City of London to her for life, with remainder to his only child
Rebecca, the wife of Humphry Winch, Esquire. "To my cousen
Henery Barker all my Instruments of yron for Chirurgerie excepte my
Lancetts and incision knives. I likewise give [him] theise bookes
namely the workes of Hypocrates, Galen, Celsus, Paulus Agenta,
ffernebens Senertus his Chirurgery."
Arms (as engraved on the loving cup). Quarterly, ist and 4th
three mullets, 2nd and 3rd a hunting horn stringed between three
escallops.
EDWARD ARRIS, Alderman.
Few names are held in greater veneration at
Barbers' Hall than that of Edward Arris.
His father, Jasper Arris, was apprenticed
to Thomas Burston or Burstowe, a Surgeon
and Master of the Company in 1576. Jasper
Arris (probably born 1560-2), was admitted
to the freedom, 3rd April, 1583, chosen a
Liveryman, 22nd January, 1606, an Assis-
tant, 3rd August, 1 6 14, served as Warden
in the years 1617 and 1622, and was
reported on 8th January, 1623, as then
recently deceased. There are few notices
of Jasper in our books, and one of them on 21st October, 1606, is
perhaps not much to his credit, as it records his fine for working on the
Sabbath day ; from which we may gather that he was one of those who,
4 a 2
548 &4nnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
contrary to the Ordinances and the Statute, worked both as a Barber
and Surgeon, — a practice often winked at by the Governors.
His son Edward, was born in London in 1591, and was admitted
to the freedom by patrimony on 21st January, 1617, having learnt his
art with his father; he was admitted to the Livery 9th October, 1627,
and on 30th April, 1629, granted his diploma to practise Surgery. In
1632, he was chosen Steward, and the next year Master of the
Anatomy. On the 23rd April, 1640, he was elected an Assistant and
served the office of Warden in 1642. On 10th February, 1648, he was
appointed one of the Examiners of Surgeons, and elected Master of the
Company 165 1. On 3rd July, 1663, Mr. Arris was nominated by the
Court of Aldermen, Alderman of the Ward of Bridge Without {loco
Richard Evans) and was sworn in on the 28th July following, but this
civic office was probably an uncongenial one to him, for he very shortly
afterwards applied to be discharged from it, and thereupon paid a fine
of ,£300 to the City.
In 1645 Mr. Arris founded an Anatomy Lecture, and with a
characteristic modesty endeavoured to conceal the founder's name,
though his intention in this respect was necessarily frustrated when the
deed of settlement had to be drawn. This, the Arrisian Lecture, still
survives at the Royal College of Surgeons. (Particulars of the
foundation will be found on pp. 368, 369.) In 1649, when our plate
was sold, Mr. Arris re-purchased King Henry VIII's cup, and "freely
gave it againe to this Company," for which all Barber-Surgeons and
Barbers have ever after been profoundly grateful to him. He also,
in 1 65 1, gave us four silver cups. Mr. Arris' granddaughter,
Henrietta Maria Langford, seems to have got into straitened
circumstances, as on 5th August, 1718, we read "It is ordered that
Henrietta Maria Langford daughter of Robert Arris son of Alderman
Arris Members of this Company, shall be made free without charge, in
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
549
Gratitude to the Memory of Alderman Arris, in order that she may be
admitted one of the Company's Petitioners.''
The Alderman died 28th May, 1676, at the good old age of
eighty-five and is buried in St. Sepulchre's Church, where there is a
quaint tablet with this inscription — -
Edward Arris Esqr. gave to the
Company of Chirurgeons 30L
for an Anatomy Lecture & to
the Hospital of St. Bartholo-
mew 24L BOTH YEERLY FOR EVER
to Christ's Church Hospital
iool & 50l towards rebuilding
of this Church and several
large gifts to the poor of this
parish wherein he was born.
And all these in his life time
Hee deceased the 2Sth of May
1676 aged 85
& lyeth buried
by his wife.
Near this place lyeth inter'd
the body of Mary Arris ye
wife of Edward Arris Esqr.
& sometime Alderman of this
City. They were married 60
years and had issue 23 childre
whereof only Thomas Arris
(Dr. in Physick fellow of the
College in London Justice
of ye peace in the county of
Hartford and a member of
the honblr house of commons) her
SURVIVED. SHEE DIED Ye IJTH
OF L)ECK- 1674 AGED 76 YEARS.
By his Will, dated 20th May, 1676, he directs his body to be
buried in the grave of his father, mother and wife in St. Sepulchre's,
and he bequeathed his property to his then only surviving son Thomas
Arris, M.D., M.P., and his children, and to the children of his deceased
son Robert. He gave five legacies of ,£400 each and some smaller
ones amongst his grandchildren and an annuity of ^30 a year to
his grandson Robert. He also bequeathed messuages, lands, &c,
at Hatfield, two messuages in Well Yard, St. Bartholomew's
the Less, a messuage near Pye Corner, ten acres of Copyhold land
in the manor of Bedwell near Hatfield and four freehold houses in the
parish of St. Paul, Covent Garden, to his son and grandchildren. " I
give Ten shillings a peece to soe many Antient men as I shall be yeares
old att the tyme of my death to mourne in decent Gownes att my
Burial whereof Tenn to be of the parish of Little St. Bartholomews
55°
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Term of the Company of Barber Chirurgeons and the rest of the
Parish of St. Sepulchres." He also left £8 to the .poor of St.
Sepulchre's to be given to 160 poor at his burial; £§ to the poor
of St. Bartholomew the Less; £$ to Christ's Hospital among ioo
children to attend his burial ; 205. each to the two Beadles of the
Barber-Surgeons, and $s. each to the four Beadles of St. Bartholomew's
Hospital ; also £5 to Dr. Bell to preach a sermon at his burial.
Arms. Ar. on a cross gu. five fleur de lys or.
Jasper Arris=
of St. Sepulchre's, I .
London, died 1622-3.
1
Alderman Edward Arris = Mary ....
b. 1591. d. 28 May, 1676. I b. 1598 d. 11 Dec., 1674.
Robert Arris, Surgeon — Elizabeth d. of
ad* to Freedom 21
Jan., i65i.;died before
17 April, 1662.
Henry Boone.
Thomas Arris— Olivia
of St. Albans
Herts, M.D.,
M.P.
Edward Arris
apprenticed to
Thos. Ryton
Surgeon 3 Sep.,
1674.
Henrietta=
Maria
admitted to
Freedom
5 Aug.,1718.
Langford.
Susan
and 21
other children
Edward Arris
apptd to Thomas
Hobbs, Surgeon,
13 Feb.. 1677, ad-
milled to Free-
dom 4 March,
1684.
Thon
Robert.
Jasper.
Elizabeth.
Mary.
Agnes.
Margaret.
SIR JOHN FREDERICK.
tyyo^^r^^r^^ocog^^^co q
lOooc^^o^oT^^^^y7ooo^°oQ
John Frederick was a son of Christopher
Frederick, Barber-Surgeon. A minute of
the 9th June, 1595, states that "the said
Xpofer ffrederick being a strainger borne
had his ffreedom geven him of the Cittie
of London by vertue of her Mat'es most
gracious Lres to the Lord maior and
Corte of Aldreiiie directed and was made
fre of this Companie and after chosen of
the lyvery and then one of Thassistance."
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5^1
Christopher Frederick was on more than one occasion at serious
variance with the Court, as also with some of its members, and a
resolution was passed, evidently with pointed allusion to him, viz., that
in future aliens should be ineligible for the Court. He was Serjeant-
Surgeon to James I, and probably to Elizabeth also ; Master in 1609
and again in 16 16. His son William was admitted to the freedom by
service 27th October, 1607. Christopher Frederick was buried 10th
October, 1623, in the church of St. Olave, Jewry, where also Mary, his
widow, was interred on 6th June, 1636. They had issue six sons and
six daughters.
John Frederick, the fourth son, was baptized 25th October, 1601,
and educated at Christ's Hospital. On 17th July, 1632 he was
admitted to the freedom by patrimony, on the 13th November, 1635
elected to the Livery, and on 30th January, 1645 made an Assistant.
He was a successful merchant and resided in a large mansion on the
site of what is now Frederick's Place, Old Jewry (which he rebuilt
after the Great Fire in 1666). This house was afterwards used as the
Excise Office, upon the removal of which to Broad Street, the building
was taken down and the present houses erected. He was elected
Alderman of Vintry September, 1653, and in 1660 removed to Coleman
Street Ward. He was Master of the Barber-Surgeons in 1654 and
again in 1658; he served as Sheriff, 1655-6, and was then knighted.
The Barber-Surgeons attended Sir John in their barge to Westminster
when he went to be sworn in as Sheriff, and ordered his portrait to be
painted at a cost of ^15. This fine picture representing the Sheriff in
his robes and with a flowing wig, is preserved at Barbers' Hall. In
1 66 1 Sir John was translated to the Grocers' Company to enable
him to take upon him the office of Lord Mayor, which he served
1 66 1-2. The pageant performed at the expense of the Grocers
552 a/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
upon his accession to the Mayoralty was entitled " Londons
Tryumphs ^presented in several delightfull Scaenes," and was
composed by John Tatham ; a copy of this very rare tract is
preserved in the Guildhall Library. Pepys, under date 29th
October, 1661, writes —
This day I put on my half cloth black stockings and my new coate of
the fashion, which pleases me well, and with my bever I was (after office was
done) ready to go to my Lord Mayor's feast, as we are all invited ; but the
Sir Williams were both loth to go, because of the crowd, and so none of us
went. My mind not pleased because I had proposed a great deal of pleasure
to myself this day at Guildhall. This Lord Mayor, it seems, brings up again the
custom of Lord Mayors going the day of their instalment to Paul's and walking
round about the Crosse, and offering something at the Altar.
In 1662 Sir John was elected Master of the Grocers' Company
and also President of Christ's Hospital, which latter office he held
until 1683. In the Parliament of 1660 he represented Dartmouth;
on the 10th March, 1663, he was elected one of the Members for the
City and so continued until the dissolution in January, 1679. In
1674 he gave .£100 towards rebuilding Barber-Surgeons' Hall ; he
also repaired and fitted up the Great Hall at Christ's Hospital
at a cost of ,£5,000. In 1664 he bore the expense of bringing
the Conduit Water from Gray's Inn Fields to the Hospital. In 1667
he gave £$0 and twenty chaldrons of sea coal, and by his Will
bequeathed ^500 to the Hospital. In 1654 he gave a handsome
silver loving cup and cover weighing about 38 oz. to the
Barber-Surgeons ; this cup is still used on festive occasions.
There is a portrait of Sir John at Christ's Hospital, which
represents him as seated in an arm chair, in his civic robes,
with an open letter in his hand, on his head is a full bottomed
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 553
wig and a black cap, he has white whiskers and a tuft of white
hair on his under lip.
In the "Gentleman's Magazine" for November, 1769,
is a copy of a document prepared for Charles II, giving the
characters of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, which says of
Sir John Frederick that —
by reason of his age, he is apt to be ledd by others, especially by Sir John
Lawrence, a man of little dispatch, very readie to run into mistakes ; he hates a souldier,
and cannot endure to see any of the King's guards.
Sir John married Mary Rous by whom he had issue four sons
and nine daughters. Judith, his eldest daughter, married Sir Nathaniel
Heme (Alderman and Sheriff 1674 and Master of the Barber-Surgeons
1674), who, dying in August, 1679, she married secondly, Robert
Hooker, of Hatton Garden. Her Will, dated in 1688, was proved
30th June, 1691.
Sir John Frederick was buried in the Church of St. Olave
Jewry 19th March, 1685, where his widow was also interred 19th
December, 1689 ; she bequeathed .£300 to Christ's Hospital. His
eldest son Thomas was the father of John Frederick who was created a
baronet 10th June, 1723. Sir John gave marriage portions of .£3,000
apiece to his daughters Judith and Elizabeth, who married respectively
Sir Nathaniel Heme and Sir Joseph Heme, and he covenanted to give
,£2,000 apiece more either in his lifetime or by will ; it seems that he
did this by will, which led to litigation, his relict (to whom he left about
£"10,000) laying claim to some portion of these legacies by the custom
of London.
4 b
554
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Arms (granted by Sir Ed. Walker, Garter, 22nd October, 1661).
Or on a chief gu. three doves ar. beaked gu. legged or.
Crest. On a cap of dignity az. turned up ermine, a dove ppr.
holding a laurel branch vert.
SIR NATHANIEL HERNE.
Sir Nathaniel Herne was the son of
Nicholas and grandson of Richard Herne
(Alderman and Sheriff in 161 8). He was
born in 1629 and in 1646 apprenticed at
Barber-Surgeons' Hall to Sir John Frederick,
one of the merchant-princes of London at
that time. Herne was admitted to the free-
dom on 7th May, 1655, and, like the typical
industrious apprentice, he married his master's
daughter, Judith Frederick, by whom he had
(among others) a daughter Judith who
married William, second Earl of Jersey, and
thereby was one of the ancestors of the present Earl. Sir Nathaniel
Herne was a most successful merchant and amassed a large fortune.
In 1674 he was Sheriff of London (being knighted at Windsor on the
9th August) and Master of this Company. On the 1 ith April, 1676, he
was elected Alderman of the Ward of Billingsgate. He was sometime
M.P. for Dartmouth, and a Governor of the East India Company. He
died 1 6th August, 1679, being then fifty years of age and was buried
at St. Olave Jewry, where there is a monument to his memory, with his
arms impaling Frederick, and this inscription : —
MS.
Here lyeth in hopes of a Glorious Resurrection the body of Sr Nathaniel Herne
Knight late Sherife And at his death Alderman of this Famous Citty and Governour of
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
555
the Honourable East India Company, Son to Nicholas and Grandson to Richard Heme
sometimes Alderman allso of this Citty A Person of great Prudence and Indefatigable
Industry in the Management of all Publick Affairs, of Exemplary Piety, Spotless Integrity
and Diffusive Charity having with his owne hand dispenced very considerable summes to
many Charitable uses Particularly to the reliefe of poore Seamen & Educating of their
Children. He tooke to wife Judith Eldest Daughter of Sr John Frederick Knight
Alderman and sometimes Lord Mayor of London, his now sorrowfull Widdow by whome
he had divers Children and left three hopefull Sons surviving viz* Frederick, Nathaniel,
and Thomas, to whose and to this Cittyes & Nations great loss as allso to ye griefe of all
them that knew him He departed this Life ye i6lh August, 1679 ^Etat 50.
Sir Nathaniel by his Will dated 12th April, 1677, left a large
property between his wife and children, and legacies to Sir John and
Lady Frederick, Ephraim Skinner and numerous other friends and
relatives.
Arms. Sa. a chev. erm. between three Herons ar.
Nicholas Hekm-:
of Tybenham, Nor-
folk.
Richard Heme^AHoe dau. of
Sheriff 1618 and
Alderman, lived at
the Blue Anchor in
Cheapside.
John Pasck, D.D.,
of Cambridge.
1st. Elizabeth -Nicholas Herne^Sarah dau. of
dau. of Nicholas J of London, s. 8: h.
Hooker of Lon-
don Goldsmith. |
i Richard 2 Nicholas 3 John Susan.
Heme Heme Heme. Mary.
s.p. Katherine.
Rich1* Ironside
of London.
4 Sir Nathaniel Heme— Judith dau. of 5 James Heme.
b. 1629, d. 1679.
Alderman of Lond.
Barber- Surgeon.
Sir John
Frederick
Lord M ayor.
6 Sir Joseph Heme -Elizabeth d.
of London Merch* I of Sir John
Frederick.
7 Basil Heme
of Hampstead.
Fredk Heme, of = d. of
London, Esqr. bur. I Lile of North-
at St Brides. amptonshire.
Nathaniel = . . . . d. of
Heme. Esq., Sir Arthur
M.P.
a son died a daughter^ Edward Villiers
young. "worth ,£40,000." son and heir
of the Earl of
Jersey.
Ingram of
London.
Thomas Judith m. = William
Heme 22 March. 1704, I 2nd Earl of
d. unm. at Hampstead. Jersey.
Earl of Jersey.
Heme T
Sir William Heme, born, 1745,
Alderman of Castle Baynard
and Sheriff in 1797. d, 20 Dec,
1838, bur. in the Chancel at
Bray Church.
4 1; 2
^
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
SIR JOHN LETHIEULLIER.
Sir John Lethieullier, who was born in
, was descended from the Le Thieulliers,
old Protestant family in the Low
i633
an
Countries ; his great grandfather John was
burnt at Valenciennes for his religion by the
infamous Duke D'Alva. His grandfather
John was a merchant at Cologne and died
there in 1593. His widow survived him
thirty-eight years and came over to England
in 1605 with her only son John, who was
born in 1591. In 1620 he was established as a Merchant in London,
but on the breaking out of the Civil Wars he went over to Amsterdam
and returned to England at the Restoration ; he lived at Lewisham,
where he died on 2nd November, 1679, having married Jane, daughter
of John de la Fortre, of London, by whom he had five sons and three
daughters. His eldest son, Sir John Lethieullier, was apprenticed to
Sir John Frederick (Barber-Surgeon) and admitted to the freedom by
servitude 11th November, 1657. He served the office of Master in
1676, having been Sheriff of London in 1674. He was a successful
merchant and a rich man, having a great fortune by his wife Anne,
daughter of Sir William Hooker, who was Lord Mayor in 1673. Sir
John was a free brother of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of
England, and of the Society of Merchants of London Trading to the
Levant Seas and the East Indies. His third brother, Sir Christopher
Lethieullier was Sheriff of London, 1689, and died 1690. On the 20th
November, 1707, Sir John wrote to the Court asking to be relieved
from the office of an Assistant on account of his indisposition
and age (he was then 74), but the Court, out of a feeling of
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aAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5 57
respect towards him, refused to accept his resignation, and ordered
that the Wardens should have a personal interview with him to
know his pleasure. This was done, and on the 15th January
following his resignation was accepted. Sir John, who resided at
Greenwich, died there on the 4th January, 17 19, having had
two sons, John and William (both of whom were free of the
Company), and three daughters.
Sir John Lethieullier's will, of prodigious length, is dated 6th
May, 1 709, and he therein directs that he shall be buried in the vault
in Greenwich Church with his late wife. To his two daughters,
Letitia and Leonora he gave ,£10,200 each, and to his married daughter,
Lady Ann Dodwell, whom he had previously provided for, £1,000.
To all his grandchildren ,£100 each. To Christ's and St. Thomas'
Hospitals and to the French Congregation in Threadneedle Street
,£100 each, numerous gifts to the poor in various parishes, and bequests
to friends, relatives and servants for mourning and rings. All his lands
and houses in the City of London (except two) and in the county of
Essex to his son John. Two houses on College Hill, late in the
occupation of Sir Henry Furnese and Sir Alexander Cairnes, to
his two daughters, also his house and land at Lewisham, his
best coach and chariot horses, live stock, &c. All his other
freeholds and houses in Beckenham, Lewisham and Battersea,
his lands at Dartford and his manor of Sutton at Hone and
Wilmington to his son William. There are four codicils to this
Will and by one of them (19th July, 17 14) he gave the manor
of Rowhill, which he had then lately purchased to his son William.
His two sons were appointed executors.
Arms. Ar. a chev. gu. betw. three parrots' heads couped vert,
beaked of the second.
55*
o/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
EPHRAIM SKINNER.
Ephraim Skinner was born at Barnstaple
30th November, 1637. In 1652 he was
apprenticed to Sir John Frederick, and
afterwards became a wealthy Merchant
trading with Spain. He was sometime
the British Consul at Livorne. On 25th
^s~^ /^^Zr April, 1665, he was admitted to the freedom
of the Barber-Surgeons, and in 1673 gave
us the chimney piece in the Court Room,
where there is a three-quarter portrait of
him in his livery gown, with full wig and
rich lace bands ; on the portrait is this
inscription : " Mr Ephraim Skiner Marcht. & one of ye Assistants of
this Compy : of Barbersurgeons Lond : gave ym besides other gifts
300^ for 20 years."
By his Will, dated 27th December, 1677, he gave to the
Governors of Christ's Hospital (of which he was a member)
five acres of pasture in Islington, also ,£700 in trust for them
to lend the Barber-Surgeons ^300 for 20 years without interest
to help them to pay their debts, and also for a payment of 5^.
a week to the Minister of Islington for him to expound and
"chatecize" every Sunday afternoon and to pay £5 a year to
the poor of Islington, to whom he also bequeathed a sum of
.£50. To the poor of the Old Jewry .£50. To the poor of
Barnstaple ^"200. To the rebuilding of St. Paul's ,£50. To his
father-in-law Peter Rowe £25 per annum for life. To several
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 559
members of the Barber-Surgeons, including Sir J. Frederick,
Sir N. Heme, Sir J. Lethieullier and their children £10 each,
and numerous legacies of money to friends and relations. The
residue of his Estate to his wife.
On the south wall of St. Olave Jewry is a tablet to his memory;
Neer this Place
Lyeth the body of Ephraim Skinner Merchant
Sometimes his Majesties Consul at Livorne
Whose
■ Piety Towards God
1 Integrity towards Man
Exemplary <
J Chanty to the Poore
' Humility towards all
( Live desired j
Made him { , } by all that knew him
I Die Lamented \
He was born in the Town of Barnstable
In Devon on S' Andrews Day. Ann.
MDCXXXVII Died at Islington May VP
MDCLXXVIII in the XLI yeare of his
Age
A kind Husband to Ann : his
Consort who in memory of him
erected this Monument but now
caused his Body to be removed
hence to the Parish Church of Great
S" Hellen's and layd in the Vault of
Robart Foot Esq' her present Husband
January 1712.
Arms. Sa. a chew or. betw. three gryffins' heads era. ar. a
crescent for difference.
tfo
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
SIR HUMPHRY EDWIN.
Sir Humphry Edwin, descended from an old
Herefordshire family, was born at Hereford
in 1642. He was the only son of William
Edwin (sometime Mayor of Hereford) by
his wife Anne Mansfield, and grandson of
William Edwin of the Field next Hereford.
One of his sisters (Mary) was married to
Sir Edward Dering. He married Elizabeth,
daughter of Samuel Sambrooke, a London
merchant, and a sister of Sir Jeremy Sam-
brooke ; by her he had four sons, born between 1671 and 1677, viz.,
Samuel, Humphry, Thomas and Charles.
On the 3rd February, 1679, he was admitted to our freedom ;
on 1 1 th October, 1687, he was sworn in Alderman of Tower Ward
on the direct appointment of James II ; on the 1 8th November
following he was knighted at Whitehall, and a few weeks later
appointed Sheriff of Glamorganshire, in which county he had purchased
considerable estates. In 1688 Edwin was chosen Sheriff of London
and Master of the Barber-Surgeons. In 1689 he took official part in
the Proclamation of William and Mary in the City, and shortly after
was appointed a Commissioner of Excise with a salary of ,£1,000;
he was also an officer in the Honourable Artillery Company, and a
Colonel of the Trained Bands.
In 1691 Edwin was the victim of a malicious prosecution; he
was indicted for perjury, and a true bill found against him, but on
his trial was acquitted, Lord Chief Justice Holt not calling on him
to swear all his witnesses. Sir Humphry owned extensive property
near Westminster Hall, he also had a mansion at Kensington, and
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 561
added to his Glamorganshire property the castle and lordship of
Ogmore. In 1697 his eldest son Samuel was married to Lady
Catharine Montagu, daughter of the Earl of Manchester, and the same
year Sir Humphry was elected Lord Mayor of London, having been
previously translated from the Barber-Surgeons to the Skinners'
Company. The customary mayoralty pageant was omitted, owing,
doubtless, to Edwin's religious scruples, he being a Nonconformist. Soon
after his admission as Lord Mayor, he gave great offence by attending
Nonconformist worship at a conventicle on the afternoons of Sunday,
31st October and 7th November, in full civic state. A meeting of the
Court of Aldermen was held gth November to consider a complaint
of the Swordbearer against the Lord Mayor, for compelling his
attendance on the occasion when the Lord Mayor was deserted by all
his officers except the Swordbearer, whom one of the chapel officials
had locked in a pew ! According to the minute, the Court took notice
that the Lord Mayor had " for two Lords dayespast in the afternoones
gone to private meetings with the sword," whereupon his Lordship
promised to forbear the practice for the future. Edwin's action roused
all the bitterness of the High Church party and caused an angry
literary controversy in which Dr. Nicholls, James Peirce, Calamy and
Defoe joined, and in which the question of " occasional conformity " was
raised. Edwin had on his election received the Sacrament in accord-
ance with the rites of the Church of England, and his friend Defoe took
him very severely to task for this, charging him with having "played
bo-peep with God Almighty."
On the 19th April, 1694, Sir Humphry Edwin was dismissed
from the Court of Assistants of our Company on account of his
continued non-attendance. He died 14th December, 1707, at his
country seat at Llanmihangel, intestate, administration being granted
to his son Charles on 19th February following. His widow died in
4 c
$62
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
London 22nd November, 17 14. Besides the children already mentioned
he had four daughters and a fifth son John, from whom is descended
the present Earl of Crawford and Balcarres.
Arms. Ar. a cross flory engr. betw. four Cornish choughs sa.
SIR WILLIAM STEWART.
Sir William Stewart was admitted to
the freedom 22nd July, 1686, by redemp-
tion. In 1706 he was one of the Directors
of the East India Company. On 31st July,
171 1, he was elected Alderman of Cripple-
gate, and the following year was knighted.
2 1 st July, 1720. The Master acquainted the
Court That Sr William Stewart Kn" and Alderman of
the City of London a Freeman of this Company being
the Senior Alderman under the Chair of this City
except one Did make it his request to this Court That he might be translated from this
Company to the Company of Goldsmiths forasmuch as it was required by the Custom of
London That he should be free of one of the first twelve Companys of this City before he
could be put in eleccon to be Lord Mayor.
Sir William was Lord Mayor for the year 172 1-2, and died at
his house in Mark Lane, 29th April, 1723. His corpse was carried,
preceded by a hundred boys of Christ's Hospital and fifty boys
belonging to the London Workhouse, each with a wax taper in his
hand, and was interred at Guildhall Chapel 7th May following.
His Will is dated 28th March, 1723, and by it he bequeaths
various legacies of ,£2,000 each to nephews and nieces, and sundry
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
5<>3
other smaller legacies to friends and servants, etc. .£700 to St.
Bartholomews, and ^100 each to St. Thomas', Christ's and Bethlem
Hospitals. £$0 to the London Workhouse, ,£500 to his housekeeper
Mrs. Ann Smedley, etc.
Arms. Or a fesse chequy ar. and az. over all a bend engr. gu.
CHARLES BERNARD, Serjeant-Surgeon.
BeRNAR.0
Charles Bernard, who was born about
1656, was a son of Samuel Bernard, D.D.,
of Croydon. On 1 6th August, 1670 (his
father being then dead), he was apprenticed
to Henry Boone, Surgeon, for seven years,
and on 4th December, 1677, was admitted
to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons ; on
25th October, 1697, he was chosen an
Assistant, and on 8th November, 1700,
an Examiner of Surgeons in the place of
Thomas Lichfield. I n 1 702 he was appointed
Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Anne, and in
1 703 he was Master of the Company. One of his brothers, Dr. Francis
Bernard, was physician to James II, and he had another brother,
Dr. William Bernard. Charles Bernard died at Lord Weymouth's
house, Long Leate, Wilts, on 9th October, 17 10, and shortly afterwards
the Company caused his portrait to be painted. There is a Latin
inscription below it which is highly eulogistic of Bernard, the following
being a translation : —
This portrait of Charles Bernard Esquire, Royal Surgeon in Chief, most learned
in Greek and Latin letters, most experienced, candid and upright in his profession,
enjoying the greatest favour with the Most Serene Queen Anne, the greatest fame among
4 C 2
564 nAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
the laity, the greatest authority among his fellows, the greatest esteem among all, in
consideration of the remission by the same Most Serene Queen at his prayer of a heavy
sum of nearly one thousand pounds in which this Company was bound to the Royal
Exchequer, and in consideration of his advancement of Surgical science, his assertion and
augmentation of its dignity, and other brilliant services to the Surgeons, the Company
caused this portrait to be painted after his death 1711.
Mr. Bernard possessed a valuable library containing a curious
collection of the best authors in Physic, Philology, Antiquities, &c,
together with many ancient manuscripts, all of which were sold by
Auction in March, 171 1, at the Black Boy Coffee House in Ave Maria
Lane. Swift in his Journal to Stella, March 19th, says,
I went to-day to see poor Charles Bernard's books, and I itch to lay out nine or
ten pounds for some fine Editions of fine authors * * * I walked to-day into the
City, and went to see the auction of poor Charles Bernard's books. They were in the
middle of Physic books, so I bought none, and they are so dear I believe I shall buy none.
A catalogue of these books is in the Sloane collection (1770).
In Nichols' Literary Anecdotes is a story of Mr. Edward
Thwaites, M.A., Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, which
characteristically introduces Mr. Bernard.
Mr. Bernard's daughter Elizabeth was married to Ambrose
Dickins, Esquire (who was Master in 1629 and Serjeant-Surgeon).
By his Will, dated 7th November, 1707, he bequeathed to his
wife Susan £500 and his houses in Broad Street, Pissing Alley and
Milk Street. To his daughter Susan ,£1,000, and other bequests to his
daughters Elizabeth and Mary, his son Charles and his sister Jane. He
desires to be buried privately and late at night, makes his children
residuary legatees and appoints his brother, Dr. William Bernard and
his kinsman, Thomas Sisson, executors. By a codicil 3rd October,
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
*><>•>
1 710, he revokes the appointment of executors and makes his son,
Henry Bernard, and Charles Bernard (Clerk of the Barber-Surgeons)
his executors with .£100 each.
Arms. Ar. on a bend a/, three escallop shells of the field.
SIR JOHN BULL.
Sir John Bull was the son of Richard
Bull, of Stonall, Staffordshire, and was
admitted to our freedom 6th April, 17 14.
He was susequently translated to the
Clothworkers' Company, and nominated
Sheriff of London, 22nd April, 17 18,
which office he served during the
Mayoralty of Sir John Ward.
Arms. Or. three bull's heads gu.
T^H^^^^^^TT^^^^^j
CLAUDIUS AMYAND, F.R.S., Serjeant-Surgeon.
Claudius Amvand was the second son of
Isaac Amyand, of Mornac, Xaintonge, a
Hugenot refugee who was naturalized in
London 10th October, 1688, and was living
there in 1699. Claudius Amyand's birth is
not recorded. He was elected a Director
of the French Protestant Hospital (La
Providence) 2nd January, 1723. He was
also a Fellow of the Royal Society and
Serjeant-Surgeon to George II. On 7th
)BQBOQOoOO«OOgO
May, 1728, he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons,
566 c/J nnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
examined and approved touching his skill in surgery, admitted to fine
for all offices to the Parlour door, and elected on to the Court of
Assistants. It was ordered on the same day " in regard to the dignity
of their offices " that Mr. Serjeant Dickins and Mr. Serjeant Amyand
should hereafter take precedence next after the Governors for the time
being. Mr. Amyand served as Warden in 1729 and 1730 and was
Master of the Company in 1731. He was Surgeon to St. George's
Hospital 1 733-1 738. By his wife, Mary Rabache, he had three sons
and six daughters. The eldest son Claudius was Under-Secretary of
State in 1750 and an M.P. ; he married Frances widow of George, 6th
Earl of Northampton. The second son George who was also an M.P.
and a Director of the East India Company was on the 4th August,
1764, created a baronet. The third son Thomas was in holy orders.
The eldest daughter Anne married John Porter, M.P., Alderman and
Sheriff of London ; another daughter, Mary Catherine married Sir
Richard Adams, Recorder of London and a Baron of the Exchequer ;
and the youngest daughter Judith, was married to the Rev. Thos.
Ashton, D.D., Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate.
Sir George Amyand (son of Claudius) was succeeded by his
eldest son, Sir George Cornewall, Bart., M.P., who on his marriage with
Catherine daughter and heiress of Velters Cornewall, M.P., assumed
the name and arms of Cornewall and was the ancestor of the present
baronet of that name. Sir George Amyand's second son John Amyand,
M.P., died in 1780 unmarried; his daughter Anna Maria married
Gilbert, Earl of Minto, and another daughter, Harriet Mary, married
James, Earl of Malmesbury.
Serjeant-Surgeon Amyand died at his house in Castle Street,
St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 6th July, 1740, having met with an accident
in Greenwich Park on the day previously, and his Will was proved a
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
567
few days afterwards. He bequeathed to each of his children ,£1,000,
he left ^300 for apprenticing poor boys, and his lands in Hampshire
and at Sidlesham, Sussex, and the residue to his wife Mary.
Arms. Vert a chev. betw. three garbs or.
SIR THOMAS CHALLONER.
Sir Thomas was the son of Thomas Challoner,
of Woodbridge, Suffolk. On 4th July, 1699,
he was apprenticed to January Farmer (who
was a Barber by trade), and was admitted
to the freedom 4th March, 1707. He left
the trade of a Barber and became a Wholesale
Grocer and Merchant in Leadenhall Street,
where he traded in partnership with Mr.
Lethieullier. On the 2nd December, 1760,
he was elected Alderman of the Ward of
Aldgate, served the office of Sheriff in 1 762
(when the celebrated William Beckford was
Lord Mayor), and was knighted 4th October in the same year. In
1 76 1, he was Master of the Barbers and living at Walthamstow, where
dying 8th May, 1 766, he was buried there.
By his Will dated 5th March, 1 766, he gave his sister Rachel
Challoner £20 per annum for life. To Mr. William Lethieullier and
Rachel his wife ^100 each, and to their daughters Rachael and
Margaret £50 each. Residue to his wife Mary Challoner.
Arms. Ar. on a fesse betw. three fleur de lys gu. another fleur
de lys or.
$68
c/liinals of the Barber-Surgeons.
WILLIAM CHESELDEN, F.R.S.
This eminent Surgeon was the son of George
Cheselden, and born 19th October, 1688, at
Somerby, near Burrow-on-the-Hill, Leicester-
shire. He was at an early age studying
anatomy with William Cowper, the celebrated
anatomist, but appears to have left him when
fifteen years old, for on the 7th December,
1703, he was bound apprentice for seven
years to James Feme, the Surgeon to St.
Thomas' Hospital, under which distinguished
man he made rapid advance in his profession. On 5th December, 17 10,
he was admitted to the freedom and livery of the Barber-Surgeons,
on the 29th January following he had a full certificate to practise
as a Surgeon, and he then (being but twenty-two years of age) began
his lectures on anatomy, and the following year was elected a Fellow
of the Royal Society.
By a minute in our books of 25th March, 17 14, it seems that
Mr. Cheselden had often procured the bodies of malefactors and
privately dissected them at his own house, and that at times when
lectures and dissections were proceeding at the Hall, whereby the
attendance at the Hall was diminished, and moreover contrary to the
express laws of the Company ; whereupon he was summoned before
the Court and reproved, when he promised not to offend again in
like manner. A less influential man would probably have been fined.
In 1 719 he was elected Surgeon to St. Thomas' Hospital,
where he highly distinguished himself in his operations for the stone.
He was also consulting Surgeon to St. George's and the Westminster
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 569
Infirmary. In 1727 he was appointed principal Surgeon to Queen
Caroline, and ten years later was chosen Head Surgeon to Chelsea
Hospital, which post he held till his death. He married Miss Deborah
Knight of London, by whom he had an only daughter. His practice
was both extensive and lucrative, and his works on Surgery are
numerous, besides which he was a frequent contributor to the
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Mr. Cheselden
died at Bath on the 10th April, 1752.
Dr. J. F. Payne says that he will always be regarded as, beyond
dispute, one of the greatest of British surgeons, being one of the
most brilliant operators whose achievements are upon record ; he was
a keen patron of athletic sports, especially boxing ; his disposition
was gay and genial, he was fond of society, and evidently popular,
while to his patients he was always kind and tender-hearted.
On the separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers in 1745,
Mr. Cheselden was named in the Act of Parliament one of the Wardens
of the new Company of Surgeons, he having been Junior Warden
of the Barber-Surgeons that year. His will is a remarkable specimen
of brevity and absence of formality :—
Being in perfect health I write this with my own hand and declare it to be
my last Will and Testament. I give to my daughter W. J. Cotes five hundred pounds
and all the rest and residue of my estate of what kind soever to my wife and make
her full and sole Executrix administratrix and assign Witness my hand and seal.
Willm Cheselden (L.S.) 24th March 1749 50.
Arms. Quarterly 1 and 4 Ar a chev. betw. three crosses
moline gu. (Cheselden). 2. Ar. on a fesse indented sa. three bezants
(Brough). 3. Or. an eagle displayed az. beaked and feet gu.
(Mongomery).
4 D
57°
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
AMBROSE DICKINS, Serjeant-Surgeon.
Ambrose Dickins (sometimes spelt Dickens)
was the son of George Dickins of Ripling-
ton, in East Meon, Hampshire, gentleman,
and was probably born about 1687. On
the 17th February, 1702, he was apprenticed
to Serjeant-Surgeon Charles Bernard for
seven years, and on the 1 6th February,
1 709, he was admitted to the Freedom
and Livery of the Barber-Surgeons, when
he was residing in James Street, Covent
Garden. He married (before the 24th
March, 1709) Elizabeth, daughter of Charles
Bernard. On December 20th, 1721, he was elected Surgeon to
Westminster Hospital. His old master, Charles Bernard, died in
October, 17 10, and it seems that Dickins succeeded him when quite
a young man in the important office of Serjeant-Surgeon. In 1728
he was Warden of the Barber-Surgeons, and in 1729 Master of the
Company. He was Surgeon to St. George's Hospital 1733-38. On
the separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers in 1745, Mr. Dickins
became an Assistant of the Surgeons' Company and an Examiner of
Surgeons. He probably died in 1747, as on 7th September in that
year Mr. Caesar Hawkins was appointed Serjeant-Surgeon in his place.
Dr. John Douglas, Bishop of Salisbury, in "The Criterion,"
introduces Mr. Dickins' name in an interesting paragraph. Dr.
Douglas was a firm believer in the efficacy of the Royal touch for the
King's evil, and he gives some curious particulars of Mr. Dickins'
experience in this matter which are well worth referring to.
Arms. Ermine on a cross fleury sa. a leopard's face or.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
51 '/
SIR C/ESAR HAWKINS, Bart., Serjeant-Surgeon.
This eminent Surgeon (the son of Mr. Caesar
Hawkins, a Surgeon at Ludlow, Shropshire)
was born ioth January, 171 1, and by his
great ability, at a very early age secured
a large and lucrative practice ; he was the
inventor of the cutting gorget, and a remark-
ably dexterous operator.
1st July, 1735. Mr Ccesar Hawkins Surgeon in
Bloomsbury who had lived several years with his father
a Surgeon in the Country and afterwards with Mr Ranby
a Foreign Brother of the Company seven years, but not bound an Apprentice at the Hall,
was in consideration thereof, admitted into the freedom of the Company for six pounds
six shillings which he paid down and was sworne. At the same time the said Mr Caesar
Hawkins was examined touching his skill in Surgery his answers were approved of and he
was ordered the Diploma under the hands of the Governors and the seal of the Company
testifying his skill and impowering him to practice.
19th August, 1736. Mr. Hawkins was admitted to the Livery,
and the same day was chosen a Demonstrator of Anatomy, being then
but twenty-five years of age.
iSth August, 1737. Mr Csesar Hawkins one of the Demonstrators of Anatomy
attended at this Court and surrendered the said office and after returning this Court his
thanks for the honor they had done him to choose him one of their Demonstrators
acquainted them that he being appointed Surgeon to his Royal Highness the Prince of
Wales, and also Surgeon to one of the troops of Guards, could not perform the office of a
Demonstrator and therefore the Court accepted of such surrender.
Mr. Hawkins, in addition to his other appointments, was
Surgeon to St. George's Hospital, 1 735—1 774, and Serjeant-Surgeon to
George III, to which latter office he was appointed 7th September, 1 747.
By his practice as a phlebotomist alone he is said to have made ^1,000
4 D 2
572
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons.
a year, it then being the custom for people to be bled at the spring and
fall of the year.
His family have been Surgeons for some generations, and have
held distinguished office, his brother Pennell Hawkins, his son Charles,
and his grandson Caesar Henry, having all been Serjeant- Surgeons.
On the 25th July, 1778, Mr. Hawkins was created a Baronet; he
died 13th February, 1786. A portrait of him, by Hogarth, is in the
Hall of the Royal College of Surgeons.
Arms. Ar. on a saltire engrailed sa. five fleur de lys or.
WALTER HENRY WILKIN, Alderman.
Walter Henry Wilkin, Esquire, who was
born 1st April, 1842, is the son of the late
Mr. David Wilkin, of the firm of Wilkin
and Pugh. He was admitted to the freedom
and livery of the Company 5th January, 1864.
Mr. Wilkin commenced his career as articled
clerk to a well-known firm of underwriters at
Lloyds, but subsequently entered himself at
the Middle Temple, where he read with
Mr. Crump, Q.C., and passing his ex-
amination and obtaining the Certificate of
the Council of Legal Education, he was
called to the Bar ; but in consequence of the deaths of his
father and brother, he retired from the profession of the law to
take upon himself the conduct of their business in the City. In
1878 Mr. Wilkin was chosen an Assistant of this Company, and in
1885 served the office of Master. For twelve years he sat as one
of the Common Council for the Ward of Lime Street. On the death
of Sir Robert Walter Carden, Mr. Alderman Cotton was transferred
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5J3
from Lime Street to Bridge Without, and the vacancy thus
occasioned in the Court of Aldermen, was filled up by the appointment
of Mr. Wilkin in February, 1888. He is a member of the Court of
Assistants of the Broderers' Company, and has filled the office of G.S.
and Master in Grand Master's Lodge No. 1.. For twenty-six years
Mr. Wilkin was a Volunteer, rising to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel in
the 3rd Middlesex Artillery, but has now resigned his commission.
SUNDRY MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS.
1469. Robert Dallahouse (Daluss), Master 1462, died 1469,
was buried at St. Martin's in the Vintry with the following inscription
on his tomb : —
As flowers in feeld thus passeth lif,
Nakyd, then clothyd, feble in the end,
It sheweth by Robart Daluss and Alyson his wyf
Christ yem save fro the power of the Fiend,
obiit 1469.
1 5 10. John Den, buried at St. Margaret's, Westminster.
Here lyes undyr this ston
John Den Barbor Surgeon
And Agnes his wyf, who to heuyn went
MCCCCC and X that is verament
For who soul, of your charite
Sey a Pater Noster and an Ave Marie.
1580. William Green, Master 1564, died 1580, was buried in
the church of Allhallows the Less.
Before this time that here yee have seene,
Lyeth buried the body of William Greene,
Barbor & Surgeon & late Master of that Company
And Clark of this Church yeeres fiftie ;
Which William decesyd the truth for to say
The month of December the fourth day.
The yere of our Lord God as by books doth appere
On thowsand fyve hundryd and eighty yere.
5 j 4 cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
1598. Thomas Bankes, Master 1596, died 1598, was buried in
the church of St. Michael le Ouerne.
Thomas Bankes, Barber Chirurgeon, Deputie of this Ward, who had to wife
Joan Laurence, by whom he had issue seven sonnes and ten daughters.
1 6 10. William Gale (Master 1595, 16 10) was buried in the
church at Monken Hadley, where there is a brass with the following
inscription : —
Blessed are they y' concydereth yc poore & needie.
Here lyeth the bodye of William Gale Citizen & Barber Chyrurgion of London
who dyed the XIX daye of November 1610. Then being yc second tyme Master of his
Company, he had 2 wives, Elizabeth & Suzan & had issue by Elizabeth V sones and
8 daughters and was LX and X yeares of age or thereabout at yc time of his death.
1655—6. John Gale (son of William Gale, Master 1595), Surgeon
of Bushey, gave the Company ,£16 per annum for an Anatomy Lecture,
died 1655-6 and was buried in Bushey Church.
Here in hope of a happy resurrection through Christ, lies the body of John Gale,
Esq. who was father to Mary Gale, by his second wife Jane, and sister to Mrs Elizabeth
Terry, both which are here interred next unto him ; he lived to the age of 70 years, and
peaceably departed this life Jan 5"' 1655.
1668. Charles Stamford, Master 1659, died 1668 and was
buried at St. Katherine's near the Tower.
Here lyeth interred the body of Charles Stamford, Chirurgeon, who departed
this Life June 24th 1668; also Elizabeth his Wife, and sixteen children.
Mille modis morimur mortales, nascimur uno :
Sunt hominum, morbi mille, sed una salus.
EDeep not for tl]em, since tfyey l}ave gone before
<Lo b.ear>en, rorjere Barbers tl}ere are many more.
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX A. (See page 28.)
NORWICHE.
*
And a bretherhode ther is ordened of barbres, in the site of Norwyche, in the
worschcp of god and ys moder, and seynt Johan the Babtis, that alle bretherin and sisterin
of the same gylde, als longe as xij. persones of them lyuen, they schulen offeryn a candel
and to torches of wax, and this light they hoten and a-vowed to kepyn and myntenyn, and
thes other ordenances that ben vnder wreton, vp-on here power and diligence, in worschepe
of crist and ys moder and seyn Johan Babtis, and the to torches schul bien of xl. lib.
weyght, and alle the bretherin and sisterin schullen offeryn this candel and the to torches
euerie 3er a misomere day, and they herin here messe at the heye auter atte Charunel in
cristis cherge, and eueri brother and sistir offeryn an ob. wyth here candel and here to
torches, in honor of god and oure lady and seynt Johan the Babtis.
And the to torches, eueri day in the 3er, scullen ben light and brennynge at the
heye messe at selue auter, from the leuacion of cristis body sacrid, in til that the priest
haue vsud.
This bien the names of the men that ben maystris and kepers of the gyld.
Philippus Barbur \ And this men han in
Jacobus Barbir • kepynge for the same
Thomas Barbyr at prechors ' light, ijs in here box.
5/6 oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
(Modern English of the preceding.)
NORWICH.
And a brotherhood there is ordained of Barbers, in the city of Norwich, in the
worship of God and His Mother, and Saint John the Baptist; that all brothers and sisters
of the same guild, as long as twelve persons of them live, they shall offer a candle and two
torches of wax ; and this light they promise and avow to keep and maintain, and these
ordinances that be under-written, upon their power and diligence, in worship of Christ
and His Mother and Saint John Baptist; and the two torches shall be of forty pounds
weight ; and all the brothers and sisters shall offer this candle and the two torches every
year at Midsummer day, and they hearing their mass at the high altar at Charunel in
Christ's church, and every brother and sister offering a halfpenny with their candel and
their two torches, in honor of God and our Lady and Saint John the Baptist.
And the two torches, every day in the year, shall be alight and burning at the
high mass at the same altar, from the elevation of Christ's body sacred, until that the
priest have used.
These be the names of the men that be Masters and Keepers of the guild.
Philip Barbur ] And these men have in
James Barbir [• keeping for the same
Thomas Barbvr " at prechors " ) light, two shillings in their box.
GILDA IN CIUITATE LINCOLN.
Certificacio ordinacbis & incepcois frafintatis ToNSOif Lincoln' virtute p°
clamacois inde fee sequita in v'ba Hec est queda frafintas fca & inchoata ex col assensu
omi tonson Ciuitatis Lincotn in honore dni nri Jhii xpl & be marie & p°cipue ad honore
sci Johi's Eiingeliste in Natalli dni renouata v°o in festo eiusdem anno dn! miltimo
CCCmo sexagesimo nono.
Prima ordinacio est qd hebunt & custentabunt vn'd ceren quadratn ardentem
omibz diebz festinis pn annu0 cu° tempus fin°t ad altare sci Johis Eunges in monastio be
mar0 Lincotn. Et quitt frat° & soror dec frat°intatis ibunt in p°cessione en dca candela
& quitt i? &: soroii offeretf ad ymaginem sci Saluatoris ob. sub pena vnius libr° cere.
Scda ordinacio est qd ***** *
Decima ordinacio est qnd *****
d/Jmials of the Barber-Surgeons. ijy
Et ad confirmandf plenius omes ordinaeoes sup" dicas sigilln! decanatus
xpianitatis Lincoln1 p°sentib5 est appensu in finem & testimoniu pnmissoi(L Dat Lincoln
die & anno supa dels.
In tris & ten ad gildam p^dcam mortificatf vel non mortificatf nichil hent nee
cat aliqua in manib5 ipox fratrfi! & soroif ad usum di:e gilde existunt nisi
ex largioe eo^de ad p°dcas deuocbes sustinendf & comunia int se non
fac nisi tm \P dilecoe int eos nutriendf .
(translation.)
GUILD IN THE CITY OE LINCOLN.
The certificate of the ordinances and beginning of the Fraternity of Barbers of
Lincoln, by virtue of the proclamation in that behalf made, follows in these words ; —
This is a certain fraternity made and begun by the common assent of all the
Barbers of the City of Lincoln, in honour of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Blessed Mary
and observed in honour of Saint John the Evangelist, renewed in the feast of the Nativity
of our Lord, a.d. 1369.
The first ordinance is, that they have and keep one "quadrate" of wax
burning on all feast days throughout the year, and on other special occasions before the
altar of Saint John the Evangelist in the Monastery of the Blessed Mary at Lincoln.
And all the brothers and sisters of the said fraternity go in procession with the said candle,
and all the brothers and sisters offer at the Image of Saint Saviour a halfpenny, under a
penalty of one pound of wax.
The second ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this fraternity shall die
in the City, the Dean of this guild shall bear in order four " soule candels," which shall
burn about the corpse at the Dirige and remain until the Mass. And all the brothers and
sisters, for the soul of the departed, pay a halfpenny to the poor, according to the
directions of the Graceman and Wardens, wherever the greater necessity shall be.
The third ordinance is, that if any brother or sister shall die so poor, that he
has not whence to be buried as he ought to be, the Graceman and Wardens, of the half-
pennies collected, together with any portion of his chattels they find, shall make a general
mourning, and do other necessaries that he be honorably buried.
The fourth ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this fraternity shall
desire to go into the country (i.e., reside out of the City), he shall give to the sustentation
4 E
5jS c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
of the aforesaid candle at his going 2s., twopence to the tankards (ad ciphos), id. to the
Dean of the guild, and afterwards 6d. annually, which he shall pay in three " morn-
speeches " ' in equal portions throughout the year.
The fifth ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this guild fall into poverty
or sickness, so that he cannot work and prays the charity of this house, each brother and
sister of this guild shall give to him 6d. per annum in the three mornspeeches aforesaid,
by like equal portions.
The sixth ordinance is, that if any brother of this guild shall receive any
apprentice to teach him his art, the same master shall pay for the said apprentice, to the
sustentation of the said candle two shillings, and this at the first mornspeech after he shall
have taken the said apprentice.
The seventh ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this guild do
rebellious works or speeches, and is not willing to be silent but finds fault with the ruling
of the Graceman of the guild, he shall give towards the burning of the said candle, one
pound of wax, . . . ." and that without any remission ; and whatsoever master or
servant within this fraternity or out of it, shall be a thief to the extent of one penny, and
of that matter shall be convicted, it is agreed by common consent that he shall abjure
occupying his art within the City for ever.
The eighth ordinance is, that none shall be admitted to any Offices in the said
guild, unless they have been Barbers, dwelling in the said City; and whoever shall be
elected Graceman and shall be unwilling to serve shall give half a stone of wax ; and
whoever Dean, and shall be unwilling, shall give one pound of wax.
The ninth ordinance is, that by common assent, all the brethren shall
have three assemblings in the year, viz. — The first, the Sunday next after the feast of
Saint John the Evangelist aforesaid, to hear (the ordinances), to drink together, to settle
the accounts, and to elect new officers for the year to come, The second, the Sunday
next after the feast of the Apostles Philip and James, And the third, the Sunday next
after the feast of the Translation of Saint Hugh.
The tenth ordinance is, that if any brother or sister, the aforesaid ordinances
as he is able shall not content, or shall not come when he shall be summoned (unless
by any reasonable cause he shall be hindered), he shall give to the sustentation of the
said candle, as often as he shall trespass, one pound of wax.
1 General assemblies of the guild.
•' There are two words here which I could not decipher.
o/Jiumls of the Barber-Surgeons. 579
And in full confirmation of all the aforesaid ordinances, the seal of the Rural
Dean of Lincoln is affixed to these presents in conclusion and testimony of the premisses.
Given at Lincoln the day and year abovesaid.
In lands and tenements to the aforesaid guild in mortmain or otherwise they
hold nothing, nor are there any chattels in the hands of them the
brothers and sisters to the use of the said guild, except out of their
liberality for the sustenance of the aforesaid devotions ; nor do they make
any gatherings between them, unless however for the purpose of cherishing
love amongst themselves.
APPENDIX B. (See page 7S.)
SIR THOMAS MORE'S ORDINANCES, 1530.
TO ALL TREW CRISTEN PEOPLE TO WHOME THIS PRESENT WRYTYNG SHALL
come Sir Thomas More Knyght and Chauncellor to owre most drad Sou'aigne lorde
Kyng Henry the viij'h Kyng of Englond and of ffraunce defensor of the ffaythe and lorde
of Irelond : Thomas Duke of Northffolke and Tresourer of Englond, John ffitzjames
Knyght Cheyff Justice of owre said Sou'aigne lord is Benche and Rol5t Nonviche Knyght
Cheyff Justice of the Cofnen Benche Sende gretynge in owre lorde God ev°lasting.
Where in A certen Acte in the p°liament holden at Westmynster the xxv" daye of
January in the xx"1 yere of the most Noble Kynge of ffamous memorie Kyng Henry the
vijth made and Ordeyned nor the Weale and p°ffite of his Subgeittf it Was Amongf other
thingf Ordeyned Establisshed and enacted that no Maister Wardens or ffelaiship of Craftf
or misteries or any of them or any Rulers of Gyldes or ffratnites sholde take upon them
to make any Actes or Ordinaunces ne to execute or use any Actes or Ordinances by them
heretofore made in disenheryting or dymynicon of the Kyngf pnrogative or any other
or Ayenst the Comen Weale and p°ffite of the Kyngf Subgeittf and liege people but yff
the same Actes or Ordinances be examyned appoynted and admytted by the Chauncelor
and Tresorer of Englond and the Cheyff Justices of eyther Benche or three of theym or
els before bothe Justices of Assise in their Circute or progresse in that Shire where soche
Actes or Ordinances be made upon payne of fforfature of xl" for ev^y tyme that they doo
therunto contrarie as in the said Acte itt doeth more playnly appere : The Maisters and
Wardens of the misterie or Crafte of Barbor Surgions of the Citie of London Willing and
desiring the said Acte in ev°ry behalff to be observed and kept the xx" day of Octobre in
4 E 2
5#o cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
the xxij" ' yere of the Raigne of owre Sou'aigne lorde Kyng Henry the viij"' have exhibite
and p°sented their peticon thereupon made w' a Boke conteyning dyvers Statutes Actes
and Ordinnces hertofore devised ordeyned and made for the ffelauship of Barbors
Surgions and their Successors and for the Comon Weale and conservation of the
good estate of the said Crafte and misterie of Barbor Surgions aforesaid and for
the Better Rules and Ordinnces of the same ffelauship establysshed ordeyned and
used. And therupon Instantly have desired us that We all and ev°y the said Statutes
Ordinnces and Othes by the same Maister and Wardens and their p^decessors to the
fforsaid Entent made ordeyned and establisshed Wolde oversee and exameyn and the same
and ev°y of theym correcte Refourme and amend after the maner and due ffourme
convenyent and as the fforsaid Acte in the said p°liament made requyreth. Wee Well
p°ceyving the said Supplication to be good and acceptable according to their petition and
desires and by auctoritie of the said Acte of p^liament to us comytted All and evy their
Othes Actes and Ordinances in the said Boke specyfied have p°fightly seen and the same
well and ripely understond and theym all and ev°y of theym examyned corrected and
reformed the tenure as hereaft'' foloweth The Othe of ev°y ffreman ffurste ye shall
swere that ye shalbe good and trewe unto owre leige lorde the Kyng and to his heires
Kyngf of Englond and obedient to the Maior and his Brethern the Aldermen of the
Citie of London. And also ye shalbe obedient to the Maisters or Governors that now be
or that hereafter shalbe of the Crafte of Barbor Surgions wherof ye be nowe made ffree,
ye shall also obeye kepe and observe all the good Orders Rules and- Ordinnces of the said
Crafte hertofore made and not Repelled and herafter to be made so helpe you God and
all Sayntf and by this Boke The Othe of the Maisters or Governors ye shall swere
that ye shall observe kepe and mayntene the Wourship proffite and Comen Wele of the
Crafte of Barbor Surgions in all poyntf laufull and leafull as good and p'rfitable Maisters
or Governors and Rulers ought to do after youre good connyng good diligence and power.
Also ye shall kepe and maynten and do to be kept and mayntened during yor tyme
as farforthe as you laufully maye aswell all soche good usages custumes liberties and
Ordinnces of the same Crafte and at this daye used approved and contynued and all
and singuler poyntf conteyned in the p°mysses duely and trewly ye shall put in
execution When and as often as the Casse shall requyre during yor tyme. And also
ye shall duely and trewely make yor Serches thorough all the Company of the
same Crafte Within the Citie of London and Suburbes of the same. And thereupon
as the Casse shall requyre all the defaultes and necligences concilementf and
inconvenyencf that may hapne or fall to be ffounde in the Crafte of Barbory or Surgery
' A clerical mistake for 21st year of Henry VIII (1529).
oAnnah of the Barber-Surgeons. 56'/
in yor tyme ye diligently shall reforme and sett in good Rule and trewely correcte
and ponyshe according to the power and Rules for the reformaSon had and made for the
same in the said Crafte And for and during yo* tyme correcte and lawfully ponyshe
after the qualites and gravites of and upon the demerites and default^ ffounden in the
same after yor connyng and power. Also ye shall not admytt eny fforen to be of
this misterie whiche herafter shall sue to be fireman of this Citie by RedempcYm
and to be enfraunchised in this misterie w'out thassent of the xxiiij'1 assistentf of the
same Crafte or the more p°te of them. And over that ye shall not charge the hole
bodye of this ffelishipp by puttyng the Comen Seale of the same misterie to eny man0
writyng cause or matter wherby the same company in any wise may be charged hurted
or hyndered. Also in all the p°mysses and other thyngf necessarie concernyng the
Weale and proffite of the said Crafte ye shall trewly lawfully diligently and indyfferently
behave yor selffe after yor connyng and power and neyther for mede love ffavor affeccon
nor for drede malice hatred or envie otherwise p°cede Rule or conclude to or with any
p°son or p^sones w' whiche ye shalhave to doo by reason of yor said office than the good
usages Rules liberties and Ordinances for the good ordre of the same Crafte hertofore
made and not repelled and herafter to be made. Also at thende of yor Office ye
shall geve unto the Maisters or Gov'nors that shall succede you next in the same
occupacon this p°sent othe So that they shall duely and trewely in all thingC during
the tyme that they shalbe in like Office p°forme and ffulfill the same othe so god you
helpe and all Sayntf and by this Boke Also it is ordeyned that ev°ry pr'son
enfraunchised in the same Crafte shalbe redye at alman0 of somons of the maisters
or Gov'nors of the said Crafte for the tyme beyng And yff eny soche p'sone
absent hym from eny soche somons w'out cause resonable to be tried by his othe
byfore the maisters or Gov'nors yff they thynke it necessarie Than he to paye
for ev'y so doyng iijs iiij<l the oon half to the chambre of London the other to
yc almes of the crafte Also yt every man enfraunchesed in the said Crafte beyng duely
warned or somoned that kepeth not his houre accordyng to the Somons w'out cause
resonable to be tried in maifY aforesaid for ev'y tyme so doyng shall paye to the almes of
the said Crafte ij'1 And he or they that disobeyeth this ordinaunce shall paye for his or
theire disobedience in that behalff for ev'y tyme so offending iijs iiij'1 to be devided in
ffourme aforsaid Also it is enacted and ordeyned that ev'y man in the Clothyng or
lyvere of the said misterie shall paye quarterly to the mayntennce of the Comen Charges
of the same vj'1 And evVy man owt of the Clothing and ev'y Wydowe kepyng an open
Shoppe iijl1 And this to be paide quarterly upon payne and forfeyture at ev'y tyme
offendyng or doying the contrairie iijs iiijd the one halff thereof to be applied to the use of
the Chaumbre of London and the other halff to the almes of the said ffeliship so ahvayes
582 c/Jnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
that the said quarterage be lawfully demaunded. Also it is ordeyned that no p°son
enfraunchesed in the said Crafte shall take any apprentice unto this tyme that he ffurst
p°sente this same p°sone byfore the maisters or Gov°nors for the tyme beyng that they may
see he be clene w'out contynewell diseases or grevous infirmytes wherby the kyngf leige
people myght take hurt upon payne for ev°y tyme so doyng of xls to be applied in man0
aforsaid. Also it is ordeyned that ev°y p°son of the said ffeliship shall paye towardf
there charges for ev°y apprentice that he taketh ij5 vja To be payde at the p°sentacon &
allowyng of every apprentice. Also it is ordeyned that no p°sons of the said ffeliaship
beyng in the Clothyng or lyverye shalhave any moo Servauntes apprentices or Covenntf '
usynge the faculte or misterie of Barborye or Surgery to gidder at oons above the nombre
of iiij p°sons p°vided alwaye that w'in halffe a yere of the goyngowt or endyng of the
terme of oone of the said iiij p°sons it shalbe leaffull to ev°y soche p°sone to take and have
another apprentice or Servnte the said act notw'stondyng and he that offendyth in brekyng
this Acte shall forfeyte and paye xld to be devided and applied in ffourme aforsaid
Also it is ordeyned that no man0 of p°sone of the same ffeliship beyng owt of the
Clothing shall have to giddere at oons above the nombre of iij apprentices or Servntes to
occupye the said misterie and ffaculte p°vided as is p'Vided in the latter article and uppon
lyke payne Also it is ordeyned that no p°sone of the said ffeliship shall take to his
snvice as s°vnt alowes - eny englishman fforen or Aliaunt Straunger to occupie the ffaculte
of Barbery or Surgery but the said p°sone shall p°sent the same S vnte w'in iij dayes next
after his Comyng to the said p°sone to and before the said maisters and Gov°nors of the
said ffeliaship for the tyme beyng to thentent that he before theym may be sessed what
wages he shall take. And yff he be an Aliaunt Straungear borne he to paye yerely of his
wages to the almes of the said ffeliship iijs iiij'1 and that mony to be taken quarterly of the
Master of the same Straungear and of his wages and who that doethe contrarye to this
Rule shall fforfeyte at ev°y tyme so doyng xld to be devided and payde as is aforsaid
Also it is ordeyned that no p°sone of the said Crafte shall entyse or desire eny Svnt from
his Maister nor shall take any fforren into his s°vice ffor lesse terme than for oon yere and
he to be sessed or rated for his wages by the Maisters or Gov'nors of the same misterie and
this to be done yerely ev°y yere upon payne for ev°y tyme doyng the contrarie of xiijs iiijd
the oon halff to be applied to the use of the Chaumber of London and the other halffe
to the use of the almes of the said feliship. Also it is ordeyned that no p°sone of the
same ffeliaship after that he be admytted and sworne ffreman of this Citie afore the
Chaumberleyn p°sume to open hys Shoppe Wyndowes before he hathe p°sented hym selff
1 i.e. Covenant Servants, servants or assistants engaged under covenants to serve for a period
(generally two years), and whose engagements were recorded by the Clerk at the Hall.
■i.e., hired.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 583
to and before the Maisters or Gov'nors of the said misterie for the tyme beyng and w' them
have aggreed in payng his dutie accustumed that is to saye to the use of the Company
iijs iiijd and to the Clerke iiij'1 to the mayntennce of theire comen Charges and in takyng
his othe afore theym accordyng to the lawdable custume and ordre in the same
misterie of olde tyme used upon payne to lose fforfeyte and paye xls to be devided
and applied in ffourme aforsaid Also it is ordeyned that no p''sone enfraunchesed
in the said misterie shall enforme or teche eny fforen other than his Apprentice
eny poynte of his Crafte belongyng to Barbery or Surgery upon payne for ev°y tyme
so doyng xls to be applied in ffourme aforsaid Also yff any matter of stryffe or
debate herafter be betwene eny p°son of the said Crafte as God fforfende that noon
of them shall make eny p°suts' in the Comen lawe but that he whiche ffyndeth hym
aggreved shall ffurst make his complaynt to the Maisters or Gov'nors of the said
Crafte for the tyme beyng to thentent that they shall ordre the said matter or cause
of complaynt so made yff they can : and yff it fortune that they can not nor doo
not ordre and appesse the same matter w'in xiiij dayes next ensuyng That then it
shalbe leafull to the p°tie aggreved to take his advauntage at the comen lawe So
alwayes that the p°tie ayenst whom the complaynt is made be not ffugityffe and who so
doeth the contrarie herof shall paye for ev°ry tyme so doyng xiijs iiija to be devided
and applied in ffourme aforsaid. Also that no p'sone of the said ffeliship shall
revile Rebuke nor Reprove an other of the same ffeliaship by eny unfitting opprobrios
condicons or dishonest Wordes in the p°sens of the Maisters or Gov°nors or eny of theym
nor before eny other p^sons in eny other places and he that offendeth in this behalff and
due prouff therof had shall paye for ev'ry soche defalte vjs viijd to be devyded and applied
in ffourme aforsaid. Also that no p'sone of the said Crafte shall refuse to be of
the Clothing of the said misterie or to bere Office in the same at eny tyme whan he
by the said Maisters or Gov'nors and assistentf of the same misterie or the more p^te
of them shalbe abled therto upon payne to paye xl5 to be applied in ffourme aforsaid.
And that the Maisters or Gov'nors of the said misterie for the tyme byng shall not take
nor admytte eny p°sone into the Clothyng or lyverye of the same misterie without the
Comen assent of the xxiiij1' assistentf of the same or the more p°te of theym upon like
payne as is aforsaid for ev'y tyme so doyng to be devided and applied in
ffourme aforsaid. And where by dyvers highe auctorities for the honor and
Rev°ence of the Sondaye it is ordeyned of olde antiquyte that no Barbor dwellyng
w'in the Cite or Suburbis of the same nor elles where shall occupie Shaving on the
Sondayes neyther w'in their house nor w'out pryvely nor appertly. It is now therfor
1 Pursuits.
584 o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
ordeyned and enacted that no p'sonc ffree of the said Company from hensforthe
occupye eny man0 Shavyng on the Sondays w'in this Citie nor liberties of the same
upon payne and forfature for ev°y tyme so doyng of xls the one halff thereof to the
chaumber of London and the other halffe therof to the almes of the said Crafte. Also it
is ordeyned that no maner p^sone beyng ffree of the said ffeliship shall take any seike
or hurte p^sone or p^sones to his Cure whiche is in p'ell" of Deithe or mayme but yfP he
shewe the same seike or hurte p°sone by hym Resseved to the Maisters or Gov'nors of the
said misterie or twoo of theym for the tyme beyng for the Savegarde of the Kyngf leige
people and that w'in iiij" dayes next after the Receyving of the said seike or hurte p°sons
upon payne for ev°y tyme doyng the Contraie of xxs to be devided and applied in man'
and ffourme aforsaid Also it is ordeyned that every man enfraunchesed in the said
ffeliship occupying Surgery shall come to their hale to the Redyng of the lecture
concernyng Surgery ev'y daye of assemble therof and ev°y man after his course shall rede
the lecture hym selffe or ellC ffynde an able man of the said ffeliship to Rede for hym
and not to absent hym selffe at his daye of the same Redyng w'out cause Resonable and
w'out he give lawfull warnyng therof before the daye upon the payne to fforfate and lose
for ev°y tyme doyng the contrarie xxs to be devyded and applied in ffourme aforsaid
Also it is ordeyned that no man of the said ffeliaship shall take any cure from A nother
of the same ffeliaship nor Supplant oon A nother nor geve or Speke eny Slaunderous
Wordes in disablyng hym of his Science or conyng but be Rather in a Redynesse to geve
good Counceill to helpe the Kyngf people And ev'y man offendyng in this behalffe to
paye at ev^y tyme so offendyng xiijs iiij'1 the oon halffe therof to the Chaumber of London
and the other halffe to th'almes of the said ffeliship. Provyded that yff the pacyent
ffynde hym selffe aggreved w' his Surgion that then the same pacyent paying to his ffurst
Surgion Resonably for his labour shall and may take and have eny other Surgion at his
libertie and pleasure And where of olde Custume yerely upon the Sondaye next
ensuyng the ffeaste of Seynt Bartholomew the appostell a dyner is kept and provyded for
theym of the lyverey of the said Company in their Comen halle called Barbors hale And
on the daye of saynt Cosme & Damian yf it be not on the Saterday a dyn° for them of the
same compani owt of the lyverey It is ordeyned and enacted that ev'y man that hathe
been upper maister or upper Gov°nor of the said Company shall paye at and for the same
dyner xijd for hym selff and viijd for his wyffe yff she come And ev'y other man beyng of
the lyverey of the same Company shall paye in likewyse for hym selffe viij'1 and for his wyffe
yff she come iiijd Provided alwaye that the maisters or Gov'nors of the said Company for
the tyme beyng shall paye nothing for theire wyfff comyng to the dyner for that yere ffor-
1 Peril, - But if = except.
zAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 585
asmoche as their Wyfff must of necessite be theire to helpe that eVy thyng theire be sett in
ordre. And that ev'y man of the said Company beyng owt of the lyverey shall paye at and for
his dyner on the said morowe viij'1 and for his Wyffe yff she come iiij''- Also it is ordeyned
that at ev'y assemble holden in the Comen halle of the said misterie no man beyng their
p°sent shall multiplie langauge in the assembly tyme that is to saye yff any man theire
Speke moo YVordes or multiplye more langauge in the assemble than the maisters or
Gov°nors for the tyme beyng their p°sent thynke to be good and necessarie that then yff
they or oon of theym comaunde hym to kepe Silence that then he shall so doo in kepyng
his Obedience. And also no man comyng to eny of the said assembles shall dep'te ffrom
thens duryng the assemble tyme vv'out lycence of the maisters or Gov°nors their p°sent or
oon of theym and the offender in eny of the said ij poyntf or cases to fforffeyte and paye
at ev°y tyme soo offendyng xxd to be devided and applied in ffourme aforsaid Also it is
ordeyned that no man of the Clothing or lyverey of the said Company p°sume to goo
oone afore another of theym in processions buryallf or Annyversaries nor in Syttyng in
their Assembles or in their halle at dyner or other Repastes their or in any other honest
place to be had other wyse than he is in Aunsiente1 in the same Company and accordyng
to the trew Entrance therof in the Bedyllf Rolle. Nor that eny of them of eny
scrypulosite ffrowardnesse or pusyllamyte Reffuse to take his owne Rowme or place
accordyng to the ordre aforesaid but that ev'y man in theyse ij cases kepe and occupye
his oldene Rowme and place in ffourme aforsaid YVyll he nyll he in good obedient
manner and he of theym that offendyth in Brekyng the ordre in any of the said ij cases
shall fforffeyte and paye at ev'y tyme so offendyng xijd to be applied and devided in
ffourme above rehersed. All whiche Ordinnces and othes in man5 and ffourme afore
specyfyed at the Request of the said Maister Wardens and ffelauship by Auctorite of the
same Acte of p^liament Wee the said Chaunceler Tresourer and Cheyff Justices of eyther
benche aforsaid for good lawdable and laufull Ordinncf Estatutes and othes doo accept
and admytte by theis p°sentf asmoche as in us is Ratifie laude and approve Provided
alwayes and forseen that theis ordinncf w'in this boke expressed or any of theym in noo
wyse extende nor be p^judicyall or hurtfull to the Kyngf p'Vogatyve nother to the hurte of
eny graunte or grauntf by the kyng or his noble p°genytors before tyme made to the Citie
of London or any other or any laudable Custumes now used in the same Citie and in case
any article or articles in this boke expressed be pnjudiciall or hurtfull to the kyngf
p'Vogatyve or to eny grunt by the Kyng and his noble progenytors made to the said Citie
of London or any other or to any other laudable Custumes above expressed then the same
article or articles and ev°y of theym so beyng p'judiciall or hurtfull as is abovesaid to be
' Ancienty, i.e., his precedence according to seniority.
4 F
586 o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
voyde cassate and of non effecte Anything by us the said Chaunceler Tresourer and ij
Cheyffe Justices in this behalffe done or made to the contrarie not w'standyng Provided
always that for divers consideracions aswell for the welth of the Kyngf lyege people as for
the honesty of the sayd Crafte yt is now condescended and aggreed that from hensforth
no p°sounes of ffelaishyp after he or they be made ffree of the said Company shall p°sume
to sett open any Shopp of Barbory unto soch tyme as he or they be abled by the sayd
Master or Gov°nours withoute he be of the cleer value of ten markf sterlyng uppon payn
of fforfaiture of xls the oon half to the chambre of London and the other half to the almes
of the said Crafte.
In Wytnes wherof to this p°sent Booke wee have sett owre signe manuellf the
xiiijth day of Maye In the xxijri yere of the Reign of oure sov°aygne lord his Reigne Kyng
Henry the viij"1"
Tho More John Ffitzjames
Chuncellour Robt Norwych.
APPENDIX C. (See page So.)
Anno xxxij , % An act concernyng Barbours and Surgeons to be of one companie.
Henrici Octavi ) Cap. xij.'
The kyng our soveraigne lord by the advise of his lordes spirytuall and temporal], and the
commons in thys presente parlyament assembled and by the auctortye of the same by all
their common assentes duly ponderyng among other things necessary for the common welth
of this realme, that it is very expedient and nedeful to provyde for men experte in the science
of phisicke and surgery, for the helth of mannes body, when infirmities and sickenes shall
happen, for the due exercise and maintenaunce whereof good and necessary actes be
alredy made and provided. Yet nevertheles, for as muche as within the citie of Londone,
where men of great experience aswell in speculation, as in practice of the science and
faculty of surgery, be abiding & enhabiting, and have more commonly the dayly exercise
and experience of the same sciece of Surgery, then is had or used within any partyes of
this realme : And by occasion therof many expert personnes be brought up under them,
as their servauntes apprentices and others, who by thexercyse and diligent informacion of
theyr sayd maysters, as wel now as hereafter shal exercise the sayd science within divers
other parties of this realme, to the great relyefe comfort and succour of much people, and
to the sure safegarde of theyr bodily health, theyr limittes 2 and lyves. And forasmuch
1 Misprint for xlij. " A misprint for " linmies " = limbs.
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 5S7
as within the sayd citie of London there be nowe two severall and distincte companyes of
Surgeons, occupyinge and exercisynge the sayde scyence and faculty of surgery, the one
company being commonly called the Barbours of London, and the other company called
the surgeons of London Which company of barbours be incorporated to sew and be
sewed by the name of maisters or governours of the mistery and comminalty of the
barbours of London, by vertue and auctoritye of the letters patentes under the great
seale of the late kyng of famous memory kyng Rdwarde the fourth dated at Westminster
the foure and twentie day of February in the fyrst yere of his reigne which
afterwarde as wel by our nost ' most drad soveraigne lord as by the right noble and
vertuouse prynce kyng Henry the seventhe, father unto the kynges mooste excelent
highnesse now beyng were and be confirmed, as by sundrie letters patentes therof made
amongest other thynges in the same conteygned more at large maie appere. And the
other companie called the surgeons be not incorporate, nor have any maner corporacion
which two severall and distincte companies of surgeons were necessarie to bee unyted and
made one bodie incorporat to the entente that by their unyon and often assemble
togythers to the good and dewe order exercise and knowlage of the sayd science or facultie
of surgerie, should be as well in speculacions as in practyse, both to them selves and al
other their servauntes and apprentises, nowe and herafter to be brought up under them,
and by their lerninge and dilegent and rype informacions more perfect spedy and
effectuall remedy shuld be than it hath ben or should be if the said two companies of
barbours and surgeons should contenew severed a sunder and not joyned togyther as they
before this tyme have ben and used them selves not medlynge togyther. Wherfore in
consyderacyon of the premysses be it enacted by the Kynge our soveraigne lorde, and by
the lordes spirituall and temporall, and by the commons in this present parlyamente
assembled, and by the auctoritye of the same that the sayd two several and distyncte
companyes of Surgeons, that is to saie, bothe the barbours and the Surgeons, and every
personne of theim beynge a free manne of either of the sayd companies after the custome
of the sayd citye of London and theyr successours, from hense forthe immediatly be
unyted and made on entyer and hole body corporate and one cominaltye perpetuall
whych at al tims herafter shall be called by the name of maisters or governours of the
mystery and comminalte of Barbours and Surgeons of London for evermore and by none
other name : And by the same name to impleade and be impleaded before al maner of
Justices, in al courtes in al maner of actios and sutes. And also to purchase enjoy, &
take to the and to theyr successors al maner of landes tenementes rentes and other
possessions what so ever they be, and also shal have a comon seale to serve for the
1 A misprint for " now."
4 F 2
5&S' ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
busines of the sayd company and corporacion for ever. And by the same name peasably
quietly and indifferently have possession and enjoy to theym and to theyr successours for
ever, all suche landes and tenementes, and other hereditamentes what soever, which the
said company or comminalty of barbours have and enjoy to thuse of the said mistery and
comminalty of barbours of London. And also shall peasably and quietlye have and
enjoye all and singular benefittes, grauntes liberties, privileges fraunchises, and fre
customes and also al maner of other thinges, at any time geven or grained unto the sayd
companies of barbours or surgeons, by what so ever name or names they or any of theim
wer called, and whiche they or any of them now have, or any of their predecessours have
had by actes of parlyament letter patentes of the kynges highnes, or other his moste noble
progenytours or otherwyse by any laufull meanes had at any tyme afore thys present acte
in as large and ample maner and forme, as they or any of the have had myght or shuld
enjoye the same, this union or conjunction of the said companis together not withstandyng.
And as largely to have and enjoie the premisses, as if the same wer and had ben specialli
and particularli expressed and declared with the best and most clerest woordes & termes
in the lawe, to all intentes and purposes And that al persons of the sayd Company now
in corporate by thys present act, and their successours, that shal be laufully admitted and
approved to occupie surgery after the forme of the statute in that case ordeyned and
provyded shalbe exempt for bearig of armure or to be put in any watches or inquestes
And that they and their successours shall have the serche over sight punishement and
correctio as well of fremen as of foreins for such offences as they or any of them shall
cofnit or do against the good order of barbary or surgery as afore this time amonge the
sayd mistery and company of barbours of London, hath ben used and accustomed,
accordyng to the good and politike rules and ordynaunces by them made and approved
bi the lords Chauncellour treasorer and two chiefe Justices of either bench or any thre of
them after the forme of the statute in that case ordeyned and provided.
% And further be it enacted by thauctoritie aforesayd, that the sayd maysters or
governours of the mistery and comminaltie of barbours and surgeons of Londo, and their
successours yerely for ever after their sad discrecions at their free liberte and pleasure shal
and maie have and take without cotradiction foure persons condempned adjudged and put
to deathe for feloni by the due order of the kynges lawe of thys realme for anatomies
without any further sute or labour to be made to the kyngs highnes his heyres or
successours for the same. And to make incision of the same deade bodies or otherwyse
to order the same after their said discrecions at their pleasures for their further and better
knowlage instruction in sight learnyng and experience in the sayd scyence or facultie of
surgery SavTg unto al person their heires and successours al such right tytle enterest and
oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 589
demande, which they or any of them myght laufully clayme or have in or to any of the
landes and tenementes with the appurtenaunces, belotjing unto the sayd company of
harbours and surgeons or any of them, at any tyme afore the makyng of this acte, in as
ample maner & fourme as they or any of them hadde or ought to have had heretofore :
Any thyng it1 thys present acte comprised to the contrary herof in any wyse not
withstading.
^j" And for as muche as suche persones being the misterie or facultee of surgery,
oftentymes medle and take into their cure and houses suche sicke and diseases 3 persos
as ben infected with the pestilence great pockes & such other contagious infirmityes do
use or exercise barbari, as washynge, or shavyng, and other feates therunto belongyng,
whiche is veraie perillous for infectyng the kyngs liege people resortyng to their shoppes
and houses ther beyng washed or shaven. Wherfore it is now enacted ordeyned and
provided by thauctoritye aforesayd that no maner person within the citie of London
suburbes of the same, and on3 miles compasse of the sayde citie of London, after the feast
of the nativitie of our lord god next coming usyng any barbary or shavyng, or that here
after shall use any barbary or shavyng within the sayd citie of London suburbes or one
myle circuite of the same citie of London he nor they nor none other for the to his or
other use shall occupy any surgery lettyng of bloud, or any other thynge belongyng to
surgery drawing of teeth only excepte. And further more in lyke maner who so
ever that useth the mistery or crafte of surgery within the circute aforesayd, as
long as he shall fortune to use the sayde maystery or crafte of surgerie shall
in no wyse occupie nor exercyse the feat or crafte of barbarie or shaving neither
by hym selfe nor by non other for him to his or their use : And moreover that al
maner of persones usynge surgery for the tyme beyng as well free men as forens
aliens and straungers within the said citie of London, the suburbes therof, and on myle
compasse of the same citie of London before the feast of sainct Michaell tharchangel next
commyng, shal have an open signe on the strete syde wher they shall fortune to dwell
that all the kynges liege people there passing by may know at al times whether to resort
for theyr remedies in time of necessity. And further be it enacted by thauctority aforesayd,
that no maner of person after the sayd feast of saynct Michaell tharchaungell next
commyng presume to kepe any shoppe of barbarie or shaving within the city of London
except he be a free man of the same corporacion and company.
igF" And furthermore at such times heretofore accustomed there shalbe chosen
by the same company foure maisters or governours of the same corporacion or company,
of the which .iiii. two of them shalbe expert in surgery and thother two in barbary, which
1 In. - Diseased. 3 One.
590 c/limals of the Barber-Surgeons.
.iiii, maystcrs and every of theym shall have full power and auctority from time to time,
during theyr said offyce to have the oversyght serche punishement and correction of al
such defaultes and inconveniences as shalbe found among the sayd company using
barbary or surgery, as wel of fre me as forens aliens and strangers with in the citye of
London & the circuite aforesayd, after their sad discrescions And if any perso or persos
usyng any barbary or surgery at any time hereafter, offend in any of these articles afore-
sayd : then for every moneth the sayd persons so offending shal lose forfait and pay .v. li.
the one moiety therof to the king our soveraigne lord, and the other moiety to any person
that wil or shal sue therfore by action of det bill plainte or informacion in anye the
kinges courtes, wherin no wager of law essoin or protection shall be admitted or alowed in
the same.
^[ Provided the said harbours and surgeons and every of them shal beare and
pay lot and scot and such other charges, as they and their predecessours have ben
accustomed to pay within the sayd citie of London this acte or any thyng therin
conteigned to the contrary herof in any wyse not withstandyng.
8^" Provided alway and be it enacted by auctoritie aforsaid that it shalbe lefull
to any of the kynges subjectes not beyng Barbour or Surgeon, to reteine have and kepe in
his house as his servaunt any person beynge a barbour or surgeon whych shal and maie
use and exercise those actes and faculties of Barbery and surgery or either of the in his
maisters house, or elles wher by his maisters licence or commaundement any thyng in
thys acte above written to the contrary not withstandyng.
APPENDIX D. (Seepage 106.)
1577. 'jSfir^s ns the accompte of all suche monie as was levyed in the tyme of
Mr John ffeild John Hitchin Xpofer Swaldell and Henrye Rankin masters and governors
of the misterie of Barbo" Surgins of London upon the ffremen brethern and straungers
for the furnishinge of souldiers according to the saide Precept and was collected and
gathered by the handes of the saide Xpofer Swaldell second governo' as followeth.
grtprtmioof RychardSpr
gnell xj
viijd
Item of Willm Wyse -
- if
vjd
Itm of Will m Gale
- vf
viij1
Itm of Thofhs Birde -
- vf
viijd
Item of Edwarde Gryffen
- vf
viijd
1 1 in of Henrye Smithe -
- vf
vif
Item of George Baker -
- vf
viij11
Itffi of John Isard-
- vf
Itm of Willm Bo'ne -
- vf
viijd
Itfri of Thorns Gyllet -
- vjs
viijd
Item of Will in Carrington
- vjs
viijd
Itm of John Johnson -
- if
iiijd
o/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
59*
Itffi of John Martyn
- vjs
viijd
Itin of John Tybbald -
»f
I tin of Richard Wood -
- vf
viijd
Itm of Richard Smithe
if
Itin of John Laycock -
- vjs
viij''
Itni of John Odwey
ijs
Itiii of Henrye Bradley-
- vf
viij '
Itm of John Paradyce -
if
Itfn of Richard fferrys -
- Vs
Itiii of Edward Coweye
xijd
Itin of James Bates
- iiijs
Itm of Richard Storye -
iij-
Itm of John Smithe
- iiijs
Itm of Thorns Warren -
Vs
Itm of Anthonie Wolcock
- iiijs
Itm of Ward & Turno' p^teners
iiijs
Itm of John Lyster
- ijs
Itin of John Newsam -
Vs
Itm of John Sheryff
- Vs
Itm of Richard Saunderson -
Vs
Itm of Henry fibster -
- Vs
Itni of Thorns Maneringe
xijd
Itm of Robert Walwyn-
- Vs
Itffi of Philip Henlye -
if
vj"
Itffi of Robert Wood -
- iiijs
Itiii of Tho ins Eve
>js
iiij*1
Itm of Willffi ffountayne
- Vs
Itiii of Andrew Grove -
xijd
Itiii of Nicholas Dobby
- ijs
Itiii of Willffi More
ijs
viijd
Itiii of Willffi Erode -
- if
vjd
Itiii of John Hawkes -
iiij5
Itm of Richard Carrington
- Vs
Itiii of Willin Sympson
>if
iiijd
Itiii of Richard Clarke
- if
Itm of Henrye Stranguishe -
if
vjd
Itiii of Willffi Hatho'ne
- Vs
Itiii of Henry Tottye -
Vs
Itm of Roger Laybo'ne
- iiij5
Itiii of George Sedgwick
Vs
Itiii of Willffi Braye
- »f
iiijd
Itiii of Robert Johnson
Vs
Itm of Christopho' Clark
- »j5
iiijd
Itffi of Willffi Wye
if
vj"
Itm of Randall ffoster -
- Vs
vja
Itffi of John Dards
Vs
Itiii of John Barnye
- vjs
viij'1
Itffi of John Machin -
Vs
Itiii of Randall Cotton -
- vjs
viijd
Itffi of John Gymblet -
Vs
Itiii of Daniell Botham
- Vs
Itiii of Robert Peterson
iijs
iiij'1
Itiii of Anthonie Spackman
- Vs
Itffi of Roger Hall
if
Itin of John Studesburie
- Vs
Itffi of Richard Johnson
xijd
Itiii of John Burges
- "J8
iiijd
Itffi of Willffi Browne -
Vs
Itiii of Raphe Rodes -
- Vs
Itffi of John Bigf-
>if
iiijd
Itiii of Thomas Waight
- Vs
Itffi of John Bo'ne
iiij5
Itin of John Carrington
- if
vf
Itffi of Lewis Atmore -
iij5
Itiii of Thomas Tho'ney
- iiij5
Itffi of Peter Ledsom -
if
vjd
Itiii of Allen Collye
- »f
iiijd
Itffi of Richard Chaddock -
if
Vjd
Itm of Henry Bost
- ijs
Itffi of ' Stevens -
if
vjd
Itm of Richard Holland
- iiijs
Itffi of John Whetelye -
iiij5
Blank in original.
.592
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
Itfii of Alexander Ellyot - ijs vjd
Itfii of Willin Dixon - - ijs viij'1
I tin receyved that was due for
wages - iiif
Sm of all the monie receyved of ffremen
of the Companie for furnishinge
of Souldiers Uothe amounte unto
Itm of John Harrington
Itfii of Mathew Easte -
Itfii of Thomas Richardson
vf
vj"
2rtoni?e receyved of fforrens and straungers towardes the saide furniture
^5cccr>ue& of Jeames Saule - xs
Of Jarvys Mullins- - - viij5*
Of Reynold Davys - - if
Of Mathew Ken - - Vs
Of Willin Knightley - - ijs
Vj"
vju
Of James ffrauncf
Of John Grymsen
Of Phillip Jurden
Of Gefrye Mostrims
Of John Phillipps;
§>m of the monye receyved \
of fforrens and straungers
Dothe amounte unto
iij"
§trt of all the monie receyved of ffremen \
fforrens and straungers for the furnishing ■ xxij1' xvijs xjd
of Souldiers Doth amounte unto
g4Tour>e laide owte by the handes of Christopho' Swaldell seconde governo' for
furnishing of Souldiers viz'
gnprhms paid for xij Calyvers xij murrions xij fflaskes xij tutche boxes
with stringf white and grene -------- jx1' vjs
Itifi to the Clark in reward for his paynes aboute the souldiers ij' vj'1
Itfii to the Beadle in reward - - xij'1
Itm paide for the Dyner at the red crosse - - - vjs viijd
I tin paide for xxxvj1' of co'ne powder - - xxxvj5
I I ill paide for vij1' of matches - - - - ijs iiijd
Itfii paide for browne pap° - - - - vjd
Itfii paid in presse monye - - xijs
Itfii geven Rofet Bendoes wief - vjd
1 BlanU in original.
c/lnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 593
Itfii paid for iij Doz. and viij yeardes of reband w. b. &. g1 - xs ij'1
Itm paide for xij rooles and there stuffing^ - iiij5
Itfn paid for iiij doz. of charge - — —
Itm paid for tape for the charge - - - vj'1
Itfii paide for a stoweing stick - - - iij'1
Itm paide for borde wages one daie - viij5
Itfii spent at myle end - - - - iiij'1
Itm paide for vj1' of matche - ij"
Itm paid for j" of corne powder - xij'1
Itm paid for mending one Caliver - - vj'1
Itm paide for leade for bulletf viij'1
Itfn paid for breakefast - xiiij'1
x,h April
Itm paid for vj" of matche - ijs
Itfii paid for xij" of cornepowder - xij5
Itfii paid for bo'de wages - - viij5
Itm paide for or breakfast - - ijs vj'1
xjth April
Itm geven to the souldiers in reward - vj5
Itfii paid to the Armorer for mending the armor iiijs vj''
Itm geven in reward to the Armorers man - vjd
Itm paid for or breakfast - ijs
xiij"' of May
Itm paide for xxxvj'1 of co'ne powder xlijs
Itm paide xij" of matches - iiijs
Itfii paide for browne pap° - - iiij'1
Itm paide for gilding of bayes viij'1
Itm paide for iiij Daies bo'de wages xxxij5
Itm paide for or breakefast - - - xxd
Itfii paid for changing a broken Calyver- - - - - xs
Item paide unto the Armorer for scowringe and mending or peces and
murrions - . - - - - xjs vj
g>m of all the monie paide owte by )
the handes of Christopho' Swaldell ( .... ... ..
, , ... > xxij" xvij5 xj"
seconde governo' for the furnishing (
of Souldiers Dothe amounte unto )
1 Prolialily, white, blue ami green.
z>94 zAmials of the Barber-Surgeons.
APPENDIX E. (Seepage 157.)
THE CASE OF THE BARBERS OF LONDON.
The Barbers of London were a Fraternity before the Time of Edward the Second,
and by Letters-Patent of Edward the Fourth were made a Body Corporate, and invested
with several Powers and Privileges. In the 32d Year of Henry the Eighth, the publick
Policy thought proper to unite them with another Company (not then incorporated) called
the Surgeons of London, in order, (as is most probable) to transfer those Powers and
Privileges to the latter, without directly appearing to 'wrest them from the former to whom
they had been originally granted.
The Coalition of the two Companies having now subsisted above Two Hundred
Years, the Barbers are surpris'd to find an Attempt made by the Surgeons to dissolve it, by
Authority of Parliament, without their Participation or Consent.
The principal Reasons assigned by the Surgeons, in their printed Case, to induce
the legislature to the extraordinary Act of Power, are,
First, That the Barbers, in the Time of Henry the Eighth, were all Surgeons, and
that the Parliament, by uniting them with others of superior Abilities, intended their
Improvement in that Profession ; but that they having, long since, ceased to intermeddle
with any Branch of Surgery, this Intent of the Act is frustrated, and the laudable Purpose
of the Union at an end.
Secondly, That by this Alteration of the Circumstances of things, the Junction of
the two Companies (how advantageous soever in former Times) is now become highly
inconvenient.
Thirdly, That the Surgeons if distinctly incorporated, would be encouraged to
meet and communicate to one another their Experiments and Successes.
And Fourthly, That the like Separation has taken place at Paris, Edinburgh,
and Glascow.
BUT the first of these Reasons is grounded on a Mistake in point of Fact ; for
tho' it be true that the Barbers were all originally Surgeons, and incorporated as such, yet
long before the Union in question, most of them had quitted the actual Exercise of that
Profession, and the Right itself of exercising it i?i virtue of their Charter, had been ' taken
' 3 H. 8. Ch. II. No Person within the City al London, nor within seven Miles, shall occupy as a
Surgeon, except he be first examined, approved, and admitted by the Bishop of London or Dean of St. Paul's.
eAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 55^5
away by Parliament : And tho' in the Preamble of the uniting Act, both Companies are
stiled Surgeons, yet from the ' Enacting Part (which expresly restrains the Barbers from
occupying any part of Surgery, except Tooth-drawing) it is evident the Legislature did not
consider them as real Surgeons, nor could intend their Improvement in a Science they
were forbid to practise, so that the Circumstances of Things are not altered from what they
then were, or from what they manifestly were designed to be ; and therefore the Barbers
having no Relation to the Surgeons, or their Art (as it was then deemed no Objection to
their Union) cannot now, with any Propriety, be insisted on as a Reason for their
Separation.
With regard to the Inconveniences complained of, as the Charge is general, this
general Answer only can be given, That the Barbers have always, with the greatest
Deference, submitted to the Surgeons in all Matters peculiar to them, and chearfully
contributed, out of their common Stock, towards every Expence which they have declared
necessary for the Honour or Advancement of their Profession. And since none of these
Inconveniences have been of Consequence enough to deserve being particularly pointed
out, we may venture to pronounce them inconsiderable, and unworthy the Attention and
Redress of Parliament ; and the rather, as all of them put together, have not prevented
the Surgeons of London from carrying the Improvement of their Art, both in Speculation
and Practice, to a greater Height than has been done in any other Place or Nation.
That the frequent Meetings of ingenious Men, and their free Communications
on the Subject of their Profession, may tend to the Benefit of Mankind in general, and to
the Honour of their Country in particular, is not denied : But surely the Constitution of
the utiited Company is no obstacle to these laudable Purposes. The Barbers have for
many Years, at their Monthly Courts, submitted to withdraw at a stated Hour, and
resigned the Parlour to the Surgeons : And if this Condescension is not supposed to afford
them sufficient Time for Conversation on these particular Days, nothing hinders them
from holding seperate Assemblies at the Hall almost every other Day in the Year.
As to what is said to have been done at Paris, Edinburgh, and Glasco7c>, no
particular answer can be given, unless it appeared by what Means, for what Reasons, and
upon what Terms the Separations in those Places were brought about. In London there
are but two Instances of Separations of Companies, viz. that of the Fcltmahers from the
Haberdashers in 1604, and that of the Apothecaries from the Grocers in 161 7 ; but both
lj2 H. 8. Ch. 43. Sect. 3. No Person within the City of London, Suburbs of the same, and one
Mile Compass of the said City, using any Barbery or Shaving, shall occupy any Surgery, Letting of Blood,
or any other Thing belonging to Surgery, Drawing of Teeth only except.
4 G 2
5<j6 ^Annate of the Barber-Surgeons.
these were effected by mutual Consent, without the Intervention of Parliament ; and it
may be proper to observe, that the Feltmakers miscarried in a former Application for an
exclusive Charter in 1576 for want of the Haberdashers Consent.
Upon the whole, therefore, the Barbers humbly hope the forgoing Reasons will
be deemed insufficient to induce the Legislature to destroy an Union they themselves
thought proper to form, an Union which two hundred Years Existence has rendred
venerable, and which, by the Improvements above-mentioned, appears to have answered all
the Purposes for which it was established.
But if for other Reasons (which the Surgeons say may be given) the Parliament
shall be inclined to favour them in this part of their request ; the Barbers, from the
scrupulous Regard and Tenderness which that August Assembly has always shewn for
private Property, cannot but hope they shall be continued in the Enjoyment of all their
present Possessions, without any Division whatsoever, and that, for the following
Reasons :
First, Because most of the united Company's Lands and Tenements, (particularly
the Site of their Hall, Parlour, ere.) originally belonged to them, and by the uniting Act '
seem with great Justice to have been intended to remain to their sole and separate Use,
tho' in fact the Surgeons have hitherto been indulged in the equal Enjoyment of them with
the Barbers.
Secondly, Because the Surgeons Share of what may have been acquired since the
Union, will scarce be an adequate Recompence to the Barbers for the above Indulgence,
much less for the unmerited Loss of a Brotherhood now so honourable and advantageous
to them.
Thirdly, Because the Expenses of the Barbers when distinctly incorporated, can
fall but very little, if any thing, short of those of the united Company, so that a Reduction
of Income must subject them to very great Difficulties, which (considering that they neither
desire, nor have given the Surgeons just Cause to desire a Separation) would be extremely
hard and unreasonable.
Lastly, Because the present flourishing Condition of the Surgeons, (the only real
Alteration in the Circumstances of Things) will sufficiently enable them to support the
Dignity of their new and favourite Institution with becoming Splendor, without distressing
their less happy Brethren the Barbers.
1 32 H. 8. Ch. 42. The united Company shall have, possess, and enjoy, to them and their
Successors for ever, all such Lands and Tenements, and other Hereditaments whatsoever, which the said
Company or Commonalty of Barbers have and enjoy, to the Use of the said Mystery and Commonalty of
Barbers of London.
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 597
APPENDIX F.
Act of Parliament 18 Geo. II, cap. 15. (See page 162.)
And it is hereby further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That such of the
Members of the said United Company or Corporation, who are Freemen of the said
Company, and are not admitted or approved Surgeons, and their Successors, shall,
from and after the said Twenty-fourth day of June, One thousand seven hundred and
forty-five, be, and they are hereby made and constituted, a Body Corporate, and
Commonalty Perpetual, which, at all times hereafter, shall be called by the Name of
The Master, Governors, and Commonalty of the Mystery of Barbers of London ; and,
by the same name, shall plead and be impleaded before all Manner of Justices, in all
Courts, and in all Manner of Actions and Suits ; and also purchase, enjoy, and take
to them, and their Successors, any Lands, Tenements, Rents, or Hereditaments, not
exceeding the yearly Rent or Value of Two hundred Pounds in the Whole, without
incurring any of the Penalties or Forfeitures of the Statutes of Mortmain.
And it is hereby further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, that Master
Jonathan Medley, the present First Master or Governor of the said United Company
or Corporation, and Master Humphrey Negus, the present Third Master or Governor
of the said United Company, and such Two other Persons as shall hereafter be elected
and appointed for that Purpose, in pursuance of this Act, and as is hereinafter mentioned
shall be, and they are hereby respectively established and confirmed, the Master and
Governors of the Company or Corporation of Barbers of London, established and
incorporated by this Act ; and shall continue in, and hold, exercise, and enjoy the
said Offices respectively, until others shall be chosen, elected, and appointed in and
to the same Offices respectively, pursuant and according to the By-laws, Rules,
Orders, and Constitutions of the same Company ; and that the said Jonathan Medley,
Humphrey Negus, and William Parker, Luke Maurice, John Barnwell, John Truelove,
William Haddon, John Negus, Edward Boxley, Samuel Rutter, Robert Scrooby,
Richard Swithin, Edward Colebeck, Togarmah Jones, and John Gurney, being Fifteen
of the present Court of Assistants of the said United Company, and such Nine other
Persons as shall be hereafter elected and appointed for that purpose, in pursuance of
this Act, and as is hereinafter mentioned, shall be, and they are hereby constituted
and appointed, the Court of Assistants of the Company of Barbers, made, established,
and incorporated by this Act ; and shall continue in, and hold, enjoy, and exercise the
said office during their natural Lives respectively, or until they shall be respectively
59$ a/innals of the Barber-Surgeons.
removed out of the said Office, pursuant and according to the said By-laws, Rules,
Ordinances and Constitutions of the said Company of Barbers of London.
And it is hereby further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful to and for the
said Jonathan Medley, Humphrey Negus, William Parker, Luke Maurice, John Barnwell,
John Truelove, William Haddon, John Negus, Edward Boxley, Samuel Rutter, Robert
Scrooby, Richard Swithin, Edward Colebeck, Togarmah Jones and John Gurney, or the
major Part of them, to meet at or in the Hall now belonging to the said united Company,
situate in Monkwell Street in the City of London, on the Twenty-fifth Day of June, One
thousand seven hundred and forty-five, between the Hours of Nine in the Morning and
One in the Afternoon of the same Day, and then and there to elect, choose, and appoint,
out of the Freemen of the said Company or Corporation of the Barbers of London,
established and incorporated by this Act, by the Majority of the Votes of such of the
said Fifteen Persons last mentioned, who shall be present at such Meeting, so many other
Persons to be of the said Court of Assistants of the said Company or Corporation of the
Barbers of London, as will make the Number Twenty-four, to continue in the said Office
respectively for and during their natural Lives, or until they shall be respectively removed
out of the said Office ; and also that immediately after such Court of Assistants shall be
made up the said Number of Twenty-four Persons, the said Court of Assistants shall then
and there, by the Majority of Votes of such of the said Court of Assistants as shall be
then present, elect, choose, and appoint from among themselves, Two Persons, to be the
Third and Fourth Governors of the said Company or Corporation of the Barbers of
London, to continue in, hold, exercise, and enjoy, the said Offices respectively as
aforesaid.
And it is hereby further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the Master
and Governors for the Time being of the said Company or Corporation of Barbers, or any
Two or more of them, with Eleven or more of the Members of the said Court of
Assistants for the Time being, when and as often as to Two or more of the said Master
and Governors shall seem meet to hold Courts or Assemblies at or in the Hall of the
said Company for the Time being, in order to treat and consult about the Rule, State,
Order, and Government of the said Company or Corporation of Barbers ; and also that it
shall and may be lawful to and for the said Master and Governors, and Court of
Assistants, so assembled, or the major Part of them, to make, constitute, ordain,
establish, ratify, and confirm, all or any such By-laws, Ordinances, Rules, and Constitu-
tions, as to them shall seem requisite, proper, or convenient for the Regulation,
Government, Profit, or Advantage of the said Company or Corporation of the Barbers of
London, and the Members thereof, and the same, from Time to Time, to alter or repeal ;
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. ^ycj
so as the By-laws, Ordinances, Rules, and Constitutions so to be made and established,
shall be examined, approved, and allowed of, as by the Laws and Statutes of the Realm is
provided and required.
Provided always, and it is hereby enacted and declared, That the several By-laws,
Ordinances, Rules, and Constitutions, made and established for the Regulation and
Government of the said United Company or Corporation, so far as the same do not
relate to or concern the Art or Science of Surgery, and which, on the said Twenty-
third day of June, shall be subsisting and in Force, and shall not be repealed, annulled
or abrogated by virtue of this present Act, shall continue and be in Force, and shall
be exercised, observed, and executed by the said Company of Barbers established and
incorporated by this Act, until such Time and Times respectively as the same By-laws,
Ordinances, Rules, and Constitutions, shall respectively be repealed, annulled and made
void, by virtue and under the Authority of this present Act.
And it is hereby further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the Master
and Governors of the said Company or Corporation of Barbers of London shall be
yearly elected and chosen on the second Thursday in August, by the Court of Assistants
or the major Part of them, or in such manner as by the By-laws, Rules, Orders, and
Constitutions of the same Company or Corporation shall be ordained or provided ; and
that when and as often as any member of the said Court of Assistants of the said
Company of Barbers shall happen to die, or be removed, it shall and may be lawful
to and for the surviving Members of the said Court of Assistants, or the major Part of
them, to nominate and elect one other Person, being a Freeman of the same Company,
to be a Member of the said Court of Assistants, in the Room of the Person so deceased
or removed ; and the person so nominated or elected shall continue in, hold, and
exercise the said Office for and during his natural Life, or until he shall be removed
out of the same.
And it is hereby further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the Master,
Governors, and Commonalty of the Mystery of Barbers of London, hereby made,
established, and incorporated as aforesaid, and their Successors, and all Persons who shall
be free of the same Company or Corporation, shall and may, from Time to Time, and at all
Times for ever hereafter, have, hold, and enjoy all and every such and the same Liberties,
Privileges, Franchises, Powers, and authorities, as the said United Company or
Corporation, with respect to every Thing but Surgery, and the Members of the said
United Company, occupying the Feat or Craft of Barbery or Shaving, could or might
respectively have had, held and enjoyed by virtue of the said recited Act of Union or
Incorporation, [32 Hen. viij] and Letters Patents of his late Majesty King Charles the
6oo oAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons.
First, and other the Royal Grants, Charters, and Patents therein respectively mentioned
and referred to, so far as the same do not concern or relate to the Art and Science of
Surgery; and that in as full, ample, and beneficial Manner, to all Intents and Purposes,
as if the same had been expressly repeated, set down, and enacted in and by this
present Act.
And it is hereby Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the Sum of Five hundred
and ten Pounds, now vested in the said United Company, and which was given and paid
to the said United Company by Edward Arris, for the Use of the publick Anatomy
Lectures on the Muscles, and also the Annuity or yearly Rent-charge of Sixteen Pounds
given to the said United Company by the Will of John Gale, Gentleman, for One
Anatomy Lecture, by the Name of Gale's Anatomy, and charged upon certain Messuages
and Tenements at Snow Hill, in the Parish of Saint Sepulchre, without Newgate, London,
shall, from and after the said Twenty-fourth Day of June, One thousand seven hundred
and forty-five be vested in, and be deemed the sole Property, Estate, and Effects of the
said Company and Corporation of Surgeons established and incorporated by this Act ;
and that the said Sum of Five hundred and ten Pounds be accordingly paid by the said
Company or Corporation of Barbers of London, out of the Estate and Effects of and now
belonging to the said United Company or Corporation, within Three Months next after
the said Twenty-fourth day of June, and that the said Sum of Five hundred and ten
Pounds, and the said Annuity or yearly Rent-charge of Sixteen Pounds per Annum, shall
be held and enjoyed by the said Company of Surgeons established by this Act, upon Trust,
to be applied and disposed of for the Purposes intended by the Donors thereof respectively ;
and that from and after the Payment of the said Five hundred and ten Pounds by the said
Company of Barbers to the said Company of Surgeons, they the said Master, Governors,
and Commonalty of the Mystery of Barbers of London, and their Successors, shall
for ever be discharged of and from the said Sum or Gift of Five hundred and ten Pounds,
and every Part thereof, and of and from the said Annuity or Gift of Sixteen Pounds
per annum, and every Part thereof, and of and from all Duties and Trusts in respect of the
said Gifts, or either of them ; and shall, from Time to Time, be saved harmless, and
kept indemnified, by the said Company of Surgeons, of, from, and against the same, and
all Actions, Suits, Charges, and Expences which they the said Master, Governors, and
Commonalty of the Mystery of Barbers of London, or their successors, shall or may, from
Time to Time, be put unto or sustain on account thereof; and that all the Rest and
Residue of the Real and Personal Estate and Effects of and belonging to the said United
Company or Corporation, and the Arms or Ensigns Armorial of the same Company or
Corporation, shall, from and after the said Twenty-fourth Day of June, One thousand
seven hundred and forty-five, be vested in, and the same are hereby from thence forth
cAnnals of the Barber-Surgeons. 60/
vested in the said Company or Corporation of Barbers of London, and their Successors,
to and for their own sole and separate Use and Benefit, for ever.
And it is hereby further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That such of the
Books, Papers, and Writings which now belong to the said United Company of Barbers
and Surgeons, and relate to or concern the Surgeons or Surgery only, shall, immediately
after the First day of July, One thousand seven hundred and forty-five, be delivered
by the said Company of Barbers, established and incorporated by this Act, to the
Master, and Governors, and Court of Assistants, of the said Company of Surgeons
established and incorporated by this Act, or such other Person or Persons as they,
or the major Part of them, shall by Writing under their Hands, appoint to receive the
same, for the Use and benefit of the said Company of Surgeons : And that the Master,
Governors, and Court of Assistants, of the same Company of Surgeons, or any of
them, or such other Person or Persons as they, or the major Part of them, shall by
writing under their hands, appoint, shall and may, from Time to Time, and at all
seasonable Times, upon reasonable Notice, from and after the said First Day of July,
One thousand seven hundred and forty-five, have free Access to, and Liberty to inspect
and peruse, in the Hands of such Person or Persons as the said Company of Barbers
shall Appoint to have the Care and Custody thereof, all the rest of the Books, Papers,
and Writings, and also all the Charters and Deeds which now belong to the said United
Company of Barbers and Surgeons ; and, from Time to Time, to take such Copies or
Extracts of or from the same, or any of them, as the said Master, Governors, and
Court of Assistants of the said Company of Surgeons, or the major Part of them, or
such other Person or Persons so to be appointed as aforesaid, shall, from Time to
Time, desire or require ; and also that the said Company of Barbers shall, from Time to
Time, and at all Times, upon reasonable Notice, from and after the said First Day
of July, produce the said last mentioned Books, Papers, Writings, Charters, and Deeds,
or any of them, at the Expence of the said Company of Surgeons, upon any Trial at
Law, or Hearing in Equity, or Examination of Witnesses, or otherwise, where the said
Company of Surgeons shall have occasion to make use thereof, or of any of them,
and permit the said Company of Surgeons to make use of the same accordingly.
Provided always, and it is hereby further enacted by the Authority aforesaid,
That every Person who hath been bound Apprentice to any Member of the said United
Company, and by the Laws or Custom of the City of London, or otherwise, is or would
be intitled to his Freedom of the said United Company, and to the Freedom of the
said City, in case this present Act had never been made, shall be intitled and admitted
to his Freedom in the said Company or Corporation of Surgeons, if his Master is or
4 H
602 ^Annals of the Barber-Surgeons.
was an examined Surgeon, or else to his Freedom in the said Company of Barbers ;
and in either case shall be intitled and admitted to his Freedom of the said City of
London, any Law, Usage, or Custom, to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.
And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, that this Act shall be
deemed, adjudged, and taken to be a publick Act ; and be judicially taken notice of
as such, by all Judges, Justices, and other persons whatsoever, without specially pleading
the same.
APPENDIX G. (See page 339.)
Charles R.
Trustie and welbeloved wee greete you well Whereas wee understand that
contrary to the antient Charters & an act of Parliament confirmed by us and or late deere
father divers Hosiers Dyers & other tradesmen unskilfull in Chirurgery or Barbarye have
bene chosen into & held the places of Governem' of the Companye of Barbar Surgians,
when in deed for many waightie reasons the governem' of that Companye hath bene
established & settled by Act of Parliam' & ought to consist of 4 Masters or Governo"
whereof twoe be expert in Surgerye and the other twoe in Barbarye and that by meanes of
such undue Elections the true intencon of the Chres and Act of Parliament for the well
governem' of that Companye have bene neglected, Wee takeing into consideracon of what
dangerous consequence it maye be to suffer a Companye wherein the lives and safetie of
or people are soe much concerned and for wrU or Progenitors have soe carefully provided,
to bee governed by such unskilfull p°sons ; Doe therefore herebye straightlie charge &
comaund you, That from henceforth it be duelye observed in all yor Elections of
Governo" that none be chosen into that governem' but such as are capeable thereof by
the said Act of Parliam' viz' twoe expert in Chirurgerye and the other twoe in Barbarye,
And of yor due pnformance herein wee shall expect an exact Accompt. Given under or
signett at our Palace of Westm°ster the three & twentieth daye of March in the fower
teenth yeare of or reigne.
To o" trustie & Welbeloved the Masters or ,
Governors Assistants and CoTaltie of
Barbars and Chirurgians of Lonct )
«#5
INDEX REKUM.
The reader will find it convenient to observe the general arrangement of this Index
before using it, several references being grouped under distinctive or separate headings.
The details of various insignificant items (e.g., many of the Wardens' payments
pp. 379-422, and similar matter), together with the Biographical Notices and Appendices
(which speak for themselves), have not been indexed. To have given a reference to every
sentence would have materially increased the bulk of the volume without a corresponding
advantage, but every endeavour has been made to include whatever is practical or useful.
Abuse (see opprobryous wordes,).
Acts of Parliament—
Physicians and Surgeons (3 H. VIII),
72. 347-.
Jury Service ( 1513), 74.
Ordinances of Guilds (20 H. VII ). 77.
Incorporation of Barbers and Surgeons
(32 H. VIII), 74. 78, 156, 244,301,
347," 439. 441, 586.
Separation of Barbers and Surgeons
(18 G. II), 162, 248, 597.
Hairpowder(ioAnneand4G. II). 164-5.
Alderman, Barber-Surgeons who have
been, 19.
Aliens rejected, 354.
Anatomies —
Public and private, 362.
Public, regulations to be observed at, 335.
Anatomists -
Appointed, 314, 363. 364, 365.
To spend less on feasting, 365.
Anatomy—
Public, given up for three years, 327.
Member fined for having a private, 317.
Private, permitted, 372.
Charges about a dead body, 342, 353.
Demonstrators of, to have a silver
medal, 355, 356.
Details of minor expenses, 356.
Dinners, guests not to come to, 370.
Dinner, Pepys attends an, 372.
Dissecting room to be built, 334.
Making a skeleton, 418.
Masters and stewards of, 361, 362.
Masters of, to provide aprons, &c,
for the doctor, 309.
None but masters and stewards to
dissect, 345.
None dissected in 1644, 364.
Reader appointed, 334, 366, 367, 370,
371. 372-
Reader, gifts to the. 366, 367. 368. 405.
Anatomy— continued.
Regulations for demonstrations of, 376.
Lectures, compulsory attendance at,
313. 344-
Lectures, days for holding, 371.
Lectures, licenses for absence from,
313, 318, 326, 327. _
Lectures, increased accommodation
at, 315-
Lectures, surgeons to contribute to
cost of, 366.
Lectures to be read by members of
the company, 365, 366, 367, 371, 372.
Annuities granted, 405.
Apparel, excess of, 124.
Apprentices —
Minutes relating to, illustrating their
general bad behaviour and quarrels
with masters, punishment, &c,
261-70.
Corrector for, 388, 392, 406.
Girls as, 269, 270.
Statistics of, 259.
Troublesome, 260.
Not to wear beards, 261.
Presentation of, 260.
Turn over of, 260, 272.
Apprentices of surgeons to be ex-
amined, and how, 309, 310.
Examined to have a preferment of
grace, 310.
To know Latin and to write and read,
309. 354- T .
Need not know Latin, 312.
Payment for Whipping an, 389.
Indentures cancelled for marrying, 264.
Apprenticeship, term of, 260.
Archbishop of Canterbury's barber com-
plained of, 221.
Architect of Theatre and Court room.&c.
(vide Index Nominum sub Jones,
Inigo).
Armour —
And guns sold, 403.
Cleaned, 392, 419.
Exemption from bearing (see Jury
service).
Provision of, 108.
Armourer appointed, 174, 204.
,, dismissed, 178.
Arms to be cast in lead and affixed to
houses, 231.
Army Surgeons —
Sent to Colchester, 343.
The Company ask to have examination
of, 348.
Medicine chests provided for, 405.
Arrisian Endowment—
Account of, 160, 161.
The offer of Mr. Arris, 368.
The deed of settlement, 369.
Subsequently varied, 369.
Paid to Surgeons' Company, 230.
Assistants —
First mention of. 244.
Precedence of, 225.
Limited in number, 186.
Varied number of, 244.
Absent from court to be fined, 221.
Expelled, 185, 187, 204, 216, 251.
Summoned to attend court, 221.
Refuse to attend court, 221.
In hot weather sit without gowns,
203, 225.
To have fees, 228.
Assistant wants to be drawn to the Hall
with wild horses, 215.
Assistants, Court of—
Origin of, 242, 243.
Powers of. 247.
When held, 246, 247.
Order of sitting in, 225.
Disturbances at, 248.
Peace restored at, 218.
4 H 2
6o4
Index Renuu.
Assistants, Court of— continued.
Beadle—
Clerk—
As now constituted, 248.
Beadle, 299-307.
Clerk, 288-298.
Fine to go on the, 207.
Earliest reference to, 302.
Acts as gardener, 288, 289.
Act as private Trustees, 214.
His numerous duties, 299, 300.
Office of, 288.
Serjeant Clowes objects to serve as
Office of, 299.
To be a freeman, 290.
Warden, 248, 249.
Unpleasant duties at Tyburn, 301.
The first, 289.
His unpopularity, 250.
Nominated by the Lord Keeper, 300.
First ordered to sit in Court, 293.
His apology, 250.
Dismissed for misconduct, 303, 304, 305.
Fees, 288, 289, 291, 292, 295.
Audit book of Wardens' accounts, 379.
Silver mace heads, 302.
Not to abuse members, 289.
,, dinner in 1603, cost of, 381, 383.
Of the Veonianry, 301.
His duties increased, 293.
Banners—
Beadle's house, 300.
A dishonest, 293, 294.
And streamers purchased, 192.
Beards, prohibition of long. 97.
Recognition of Charles Bernard's
Cost of, 397.
Defaced by Cromwell, 142, 407.
Bibles and prayer books, gift for, 238.
services, 295.
Blood, barbers prohibited to expose, 23,
Recognition of John Paterson's ser-
Painting the, 400, 416.
119, 181.
vices, 296, 297.
In 1728, 488, 489.
Bone setters to be prosecuted, 351.
Navy Commissioners complain of, 295.
Banner, the present, 432.
Books, not to be published without leave.
Clock presented, 188, 226.
Barber- -
3i9-
,, bought, 393.
Clocksmith, blacksmith, clockmaker,
First admission of a, to freedom of
Brass bust of Charles I, 404.
City, 25.
Building, expenses of, in 1603, 387-390.
401.
Forbidden to keep a sen-ant, 205.
,, ,, of, in 1608, 394.
Committee, a, to meet at 6 a.m., 194.
Complained of. for teaching a foreyn.
Bulbegger, the, 268, 363.
Company, The —
218.
Burglars, execution of the, who stole our
Origin of, 21.
Complained of, for using surgery, 322.
plate, 208.
Originally composed of Barbers and
Barbers —
,, expenses incurred about the,
Surgeons, 28.
Early notices of, in City books, 25,
395-
Return to writ of Richard II, 21, 22,
26, 27.
Butlei appointed, 204.
28-34.
Keepers of City gates, 25.
By-Laws—
First master of, 23, 24.
Forbidden to expose blood, 23, 119,
Of 1633, 131.
Two masters first appointed, 24, 28, 35.
Complains of unskilful practitioners,
181.
Of 1681, 144.
Practise surgery in early times, 22, 23.
Of 1709, 150.
and ordinance thereon, 35, 39-42.
Bound not to practise surgery, 320.
(See Ordinances.)
Disputes with Guild of Surgeons, 38,
To be prosecuted for using surgery,
Captives, grants for ransom of, 210, 211,
39' 43*. 5i.
34?-350»35i. 352.
To shut up shop, 177, 185, 198, 199.
213, 2ig.
Composition with Guild of Surgeons,
Chandeliers bought, 419.
66 6 • ■
Attends funeral of Henry V, 50.
Contributes towards Guildhall Chapel,
Case of the, in 1745, 594.
,, presented, 233.
Basins, 378.
Charities or benevolences bestowed on
Chairs, 378.
individuals, 172. 177, 183, 203, 208, 209,
5?-
Poles, 181.
217, 219, 383, 384, 385. 395, 397, 398-
Claims exempt ion from findingsoldiers,
Pudding, 458.
Charities —
99-
(See Charters.)
Almshouse fund, 4S4.
Return as to revenue in T576, 105.
(See Company, the.)
Atkinson, 238, 484, 485.
Pecuniary difficulties in 1644, 139.
[See Lincoln.)
Baker, 482.
Raises money by granting annuities,
(S^c Norwich.)
Bancks, 219, 481, 494.
142.
Barber-Surgeons—
Cottrell, 483.
Debt in 1645, 1646 and 1653, 405, 406,
1 S e Charters.)
Decayed Livery Fund, 482.
408.
(See Company, the.)
Driver, 482.
Address of thanks to James II for
Books and belongings of a, temp.
Dunnett, 484.
liberty of conscience, 147.
H. VIII, 377.
Ferbras, 161, 481.
First meeting of the present, 163.
Barbkks and Surgeons—
I'Ans, 233, 482.
Compter, committals to the, 186, 191, 192,
Union of. by H. VIII, and remarks
Kidder, 483.
193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 202, 212, 248,
thereon, 78-80.
Lawton, 484.
263, 264, 265, 282, 283, 316, 319, 325,
Separation proposed, 146.
Long, 483.
326, 327, 328, 330, 336, 337, 428, 429.
Separation of, and proceedings in Par-
Skipper, 4S4.
Constable for officer) appointed, 189,
liament, 154-162.
Turner. 292.
195, 204.
Table recording separation of, 419.
Charles I's letter to the Company sup-
Corn—
Barbery and surgery, freemen sued for
pressed, 138.
Precepts for provision of, 104, 123, 128,
using both, 189.
Charter -
136, 205.
Bar<;l: -
Freeman rebuked for shewing Charter
Ordered to be bought, 212.
Hired, 172, 187, 209.
to a lawyer, 197.
Compounded for, 189, 201.
Scales and weights for, 401.
Contributions to the, 411.
Charter book ordered, 197.
Expenses about the, 411, 412, 413.
Charter book embellished, 408.
Members to lend money for, 212.
Rowers for the, 416.
Charters-
" Corn money " discontinued, 224.
To be sold, 222.
Edward IV, 52, 346.
Coronation dinner of James I, cost of,
House at Lambeth, lca.se of, 221.
Edward IV, tianslation of, 55.
391.
House to be repaired, 221, 224.
Edward IV, remarks upon, 58-60.
Cosmus and Damianus, Saints, 433, 434,
House finally given up, 227.
Henry VII, 70, 71.
435-
House, let to the Ironmongers, 416.
Henry VIII. 76.
Counsel appointed, 199, 224.
Bargeman —
Henry VIII. remarks upon. 75.
Cranmer, Archbishop, Dr. Butts' friend-
Appointed, 207.
Philip and Mary, 100.
ship for, described by Shakespeare, 85.
To have new Ll britches," 221.
Elizabeth, 102.
Cromwell's party, their dishonesty, 139,
To have new livery, 227.
James I, 112, 113, 114.
140, 141.
To deliver up coat and badge, 229.
Charles I, 129, 156.
Cromwell's party open to bribes, 143.
Bayle or Standing —
Charles I, cost of, 397.
Dead Bodies—
To be provided, 186, 229.
James II, 147.
Notices as to, 301.
New, to be made, 420.
Charters surrendered to Charles II,
Stolen from beadles, 349.
At Cromwell's entertainment, 408.
145-
Rioting about the, 417, 418, 419.
To be sold, 237.
Charters restored, 148.
Hangman complained of, 358.
Index Re nun.
605
Dead Bodies— continued.
Expenses of procuring, 417, 421.
Constables' expenses about, 358.
Constable of Holborn to have a fee,
358.
Beadles compensated, 419.
Prosecutions for stealing, 349, 350,
417, 418, 421.
A drowned man wanted, 417.
Receptacle for, 418.
Ordered to be buried, 345.
Skin of, not to be tanned, 320.
Resuscitation of, 320, 321, 358, 359, 360.
Sheriffs to be moved for, 341.
Order of sheriffs as to, 357.
Orders of Court of Aldermen as to,
355.-
Petitions for soldiers to protect beadles,
350, 354. 355-
Debt, loans to free Company from, 206.
,, order for payment of a, 204.
Diploma —
Form of, in 1497, 69.
Form of, in 1556, 311, 312.
Form of, in 1655, 343.
Disbanded soldier forbidden to practise
barbery and surgery, 224.
Disputes —
Practice of Company as to, 423, 424.
Ordinances relating to, 33, 45, 77.
Cases brought before the court, 424-
430.
Arising out of a case of Martin
Browne's, 341.
Between Company and Christopher
Frederick, 200.
Dissecting table, 236.
Distilling strong waters, Assistants to
attend Privy Council as to, 338.
Distress levied by beadle, 395.
Doctor's gown, kc, given to beadle, 232.
Drummer appointed, 206.
Election day, divine service on, 172, 178,
391-
Election of Governors —
Ordinances as to, 117, 118, 178, 179,204,
211.
Ancient practice of, 244, 245, 246.
Dates of, 244.
Proceedings in 1550, 169, 170.
Proceedings in 1598, 190.
A stormy, 215.
Charles I complains of manner of, 339,
602.
Proceedings thereupon, 340.
Embalming dead bodies, 112, 218, 331.
Entertainment of Charles II, cost of, 410.
Entertainment of Duke of Monmouth,
4*3-
Estate, plan of, 135.
Evil speaking (see opprobryous wordes).
Examiners —
Gloves for, 352.
Not to accept bribes, 346.
(See Surgeons, &c.)
Exhibitions to universities, 183, 187, 210.
Falling bands not allowed, 203, 274, 392,
393-
Feasts —
Extracts from records as to, 447-467.
Extracts from the cook's books relating
to bills of fare, &c, 455-461.
Remarks on, 443, 444, 445.
Earliest ordinances as to, 445, 446.
Days of, 4^9.
Irregularities at, 454, 461, 465.
A scandalous dinner, 463.
Cook appointed, 447, 448.
Feasts— continued.
Cook dismissed, 450, 451.
Pewterer dismissed, 452.
Clerk claimed to appoint cook, &c,
176.
Clerk's perquisites at, 464.
Livery to contribute to music at, 450.
Provision for venison, 452.
Stewards of, 461.
Summons to serve as steward, 464.
Difficulty of procuring stewards, 466,
467- . .
Privy Council dine at the hall, 452,
453*454- .
Masters to dine with Lord Mayor, 450.
Barbers to come to examination dinners,
45°-
Widows of Members to come to, 450,
45i-
Women not to come to, 450, 455.
Ladies, 464, 465.
Excessive quantities of wine drunk,
461, 462, 463, 464, 466.
Potation money, 461, 466.
Fees on admission, 159, 228.
Fight between two eminent surgeons,
428.
Fire, the Great —
Expenses about the, 414.
Theatre and court room escape the,
144.
Rebuilding after the, 414, 415.
Foreign Brothers —
Definition of, 258.
Refusal to take oath, 225.
Foreign Surgeons —
Request to be examined, 322.
Fined for non-presentation of patient,
325-
Forevns—
Fees on admission of, 207.
Forbidden to keep shop, 201, 207, 213,
223.
To be prosecuted for using barbery,
222, 226, 229.
Complained of for not being cessed,
192.
Court refuses to assent to foreyns as
journeymen, 227.
(See also Non-freemen. )
Freedom — ■
Ancient, fine on admission to, 259.
Fines on admission to, 270, 271.
Admission to, on presentation of a
great beer bowl, 272.
Of City, early admissions to, 256, 257.
Freemen —
Fined for not taking livery, 275.
List of, in 1537, 95.
Statistics of, 259.
Oath of, 254.
Presentation of, 254.
Admissions entered in minute books,
220.
Take oaths of allegiance, &c„ 22r.
Licence to open shop, 177.
Gale's Lectureship, 162, 220, 373. 574.
Garden —
To be kept by the clerk, 289.
Trimming vine, &c„ 395.
Sweetbriars, &c, bought, 398.
Work in the, 398, 399.
Gateway in Monkwell Street built, 144.
Gowrie's conspiracy, 394.
,, day, 396.
Granary built, 131.
,, cost of building, 399.
Gunpowder bought, 107, 136.
Gunpowder to be sold, 191,
Hair powder, duties upon, 164, 165.
Hangman, compensation to, 417.
,, has Christmas box, 302, 417, 421.
Hall—
First mention of, 28.
Freehold in 1490, 65, 161.
Building work ordered, 121, 199, 200.
Court room to be built, 213.
Expenses of building court room, 403.
Court room repaired after Great Fire,
416.
Cupola to be erected over Court room,
232.
To be repaired, 233.
Chandelier presented, 233.
Marble pavement presented, 218.
Thames water supplied to, 188,
New River water supplied to, 208.
Tapestry hangings at, 205.
Burglary at, 208.
Lent for weddings, 184, 185, 295.
Used for funerals, 295.
Not to be let for dancing, &c, 175, 179.
Heraldry —
First grant of arms, 432.
Second grant of arms, 436.
Variation on ditto, 436.
Supporters granted, 436.
Last grant of arms, 437.
Remarks on ditto, 439, 441.
Herald's fee at visitation, 401.
The Opinicus, 413.
Specimens of, at the Hall, 431.
The Surgeons' cognizance, 433.
Herbs for strewing, 196, 382, 391, 395, 409.
Holbein's picture. (See Pictures. J
Hour glass mended. 392.
Ignorant man bound not to practise, 318.
Impostors to be prosecuted, 209.
,, forbidden to practise, 332.
Impress Surgeons, warrant to, 313.
,, ,, order to, 321, 322.
Impressment of 23 surgeons, 338.
,, of 40 surgeons' mates, 344.
Informer appointed, 203.
Inventories, books of, 486.
Inventory of property in 1728, 486-491.
Irish estate, acquisition of, minutes of
proceedings relating to, and remarks
thereon, 468-480.
Jew admitted to freedom, 229.
Journeymen's wages fixed, 171, 187, 257.
Jury service, Inquests, Bearing
Armour, etc., exemption from —
General notices as to, 60, 74, 97, 98,
99, 100, 219.
Petition against providing soldiers,
316, 320.
Freemen sued for not serving as
constables, 237.
Opinion of Sir R. Gibbs, 236.
Opinion of Sir J. D. Coleridge, 60.
King's Barber- -
Perquisites of, 127.
Regulations concerning, 90, 91.
Royal grant to, 127.
King's Barbers, list of, 19.
King's Surgeon, Royal grant to, 127.
Lancet, A borrowed, to be paid for, 325.
Lantern hung before the Hall gate, 395.
Law suit between members prohibited,
201, 210.
Library —
Assistants of Yeomanry to be keepers
of, 281.
Masters of Anatomy to be keepers
of, 3*3-
(job
Index Re nun.
Library — continued.
Members punished for continued*
Ordinances—
Proposed regulation* for. |
Non-payment of fines, 191.
The first set of, 29-34.
Washing and cleaning, 386.
Going to law withoul leave, 110,283,
Of Sir T. More, 77, 579.
Catalogue to be raadi
425, 428.
Of 1633, 131.
Chained books and MSS., 403, 405.
Abusive or bad language, 191, 196, 199,
Of 1681, 144.
Gift of ^5 to buy books, 217.
209, 217, 248, 274, 391, 426, 427, 428,
Of 1709, 150.
Book dedicated to Company by Di
465-
Ordinances, By-laws and Orders
Crooke, 332.
Assault, 201, 426.
11 1 ATING TO —
To be valued by Mr. Whiston, 231.
Hanging out basins uti St. Bartholo-
Admission of members, 45.
To be sold, 231.
mew's day, 200.
Aliens, 120, 200.
Surgeons' Company decline to buj
„ on May day, 192.
Anatomy, 119. 120, 180.
the, 231.
,, on St. Peter's day, 391.
Anatomy, masters and stewards of, 145,
Sold to Sir. Whiston, 232, 419.
,, on Twelfth day, 205.
176, 180.
Horatius Morus' tables presented, 326
Absence on Summons, 194, 391.
Apprentices, 62, 64, 65, 77, 118, 119,
Dr. Gwyn's MSS. „ 338
,, from lectures, 327, 391.
173, 176, 180, 181.
Alderman Arris' books ,, 345
,, from pageants, 196, 391.
Assistants, 181.
Cafferius Placentius ,, 405
,, from funerals, 202, 203.
Auditors, 118.
John Tagaultius ,. 531
Wearing falling bands, 203, 274, 392.
Charity, 33, 120.
Ambrose Parey ,, 531
Not wearing cap, 202.
Courts of Assistants, 120, 181.
Guido de Cauliaco ,, 523
Not wearing gowns, 224, 225, 274.
Debate in court, 78, 120, 173, 179, 182,
Pandack ,, 524
Not reading lectures, 334.
250.
Verroyce ,, 524
Contempt of court, 202, 336, 428, 429,
Defacing pictures, 508.
Gerard's Herbal bought, 545.
465-
Defacing records, &C, 120.
Stow's Survey bought, 211, 400.
Supplanting, 326, 328.
Disputes, 33, 45. 77.
Licence given to go to law, 203.
Malpractice, 318. 326, 328, 337, 391.
Distraint, 120.
Lincoln, Barbers of, 21, 28, 576, 577.
Fraudulent surgery, 350.
Flection, 117, 118, 178, 179, 204, 211.
Lithotomy. A compliment to John
Not presenting patients. 316, 317. 322.
Empirics. 131.
Douglass, 352.
327. 33o, 335. 337-
Evil speaking, 45, 77, 120.
Livery —
Holding a private anatomy. 317, 331,
Feasts, 34, 78, 117, 447.
Calls to, 224. 230, 253, 275.
3.37-
Foreyns, 46. 174.
Composed of equal number of Barber*
Going to sea without licence, or with
Funerals, 33, 183.
and Surgeons, 275.
chests unviewed, 330. 331. 337.
Lectures. 77.
Dress, 255.
Refusing impress, 195.
Livery, 34.
Investiture of. 184.
Posting quack advertisements, 194.
Livery gowns. &c„ attending in, 203,
Fines for, 159, 228, 274.
Sunday trading (see Sunday trading).
228, 273, 276, 342, 370.
Fine for discharge from, 274.
Midsummer watch. 76.
Liverymen to attend masters home,
Not more than fifty in olden time, 186
Minute book, first, 99.
179. 188, 192.
253> 273.
Monken Hadley church. Gale's brass in,
Meetings of the craft, 46.
Not to come into Court unbidden, 176
206. 574.
Oaths, 77, 117.
Processions of the, 255.
Monstrous child examined and reported
Office bearing, 33, 34, 45, 77, 118.
Verdicts against freemen for not taking
1 on, 333.
Practising of the craft, 65, 77, 78, 119,
the, 234, 235.
Monumental inscriptions, 573, 574.
180.
And hood forbidden to be worn. 274.
Muscular lecture, readers of, 373-377.
Presentation of patients, 77, 119, 182.
Liverymen—
Music, payment for, 226.
Processions, &c, order in, 173, 182.
Dismissed, 193, 202, 209.
Musicianer chosen, 229.
Quarterage, 33, 77, 120.
Expelled for insolvency, 255, 273.
Navy Surgeons—
Religious observances, ^, 34.
Permitted to wear hats with thei
The Company nominate, 345.
Revealers of secrets, 120, 191.
liveries, 274.
Interference with Company's rights as
Seal. 118.
Loans of money by members, 202.
to, 350.
Servants and journeymen, 46, 47, 63,
London. Hollar's View of, 511.
The examiners of, charged with mis-
64, 77, 171, 175. 180.
Lord Mayor —
conduct, 354.
Summons, attendance on, 44, 77, 1 17.
Barber-Surgeons who have been, 19.
Extraordinary cases of, to be copied in
Sunday trading, 77, 120, 172, 181.
Masters dining with, 183.
a book. 355.
Surgeons, examination of, 119, 180.
Lord Mayor's Day
Commissioners of Navy complain of
Stewards, 118.
Company decides not to go out on, 235
unskilful surgeon, 356.
Unseemly behaviour, 120.
Company goes out for last time on. 421
Newgate. Ordinary of, relieved. 219.
View, 118, 170, 174, 182.
Lord Mayor's Show, none in 1603, in.
New River water taken in, 405.
Wardens, dutiesof,i20, 170, 179, 180,201.
Lotteries, State, 103, 104, 106, 124. 125.
Non -FRBEM en —
yeomanry, 120.
Lottery, offer to let hall for holding a
Sent to prison for using barbery, 192.
Osteology lecture, readers of, 373-377.
236.
Arrested for using barbery. 410.
Painter appointed, 177.
" Loyal London," contributions toward
Sent to prison for opening shop, 192.
Pall used at funerals, 286.
the, 412. 413.
Ordered to remove sign, 193.
,, to be embroidered. 214.
Masters and Wardens—
To be summoned to take freedom, 223.
,, given to the Beadle. 232.
Ancient list of, 513.
Resolution to prosecute. 235.
Past Master expelled for improperly
List of, from 1308, 1.
Prosecuted, 236.
certifying Surgeons, 222.
Machyn's Diary, extracts from, 100, 102
, (See also Foreyns. )
Past Master fined for contempt, 205.
103.
Norwich. Barbers of, 21. 28, 575, 576.
Patients of Dr. Butts', 86.
Mandrake shewn to the Court, 397.
Oath of freemen, 254.
Patients not to be brought to the Hall. 180
Members punished for —
,, altered, 142.
Peruke makers, proposed union with
Teaching foreyiis. 198.
Oaths taken upon old ordinance book.
Company, 150, 151, 165, 166.
Keeping foreyn uncessed, 186, 193.
184.
Physicians—
Being partner with a foreyn, 225.
Obits compounded for, 187, 188.
A petition against their tendering the
Keeping too many servants or appren
Offences punished ( see Members
Covenant to the Barber-Surgeons,
tices, 186, 268.
punished l.
251-
Keeping two shops, 207, 223.
" Opprobryous wordes." slander. &c,
A petition against Charter to the, 411.
Setting up shop without licence, iui
, cases of, 170, 176, 177, 191, 193. 194.
A proposed conference with the, 326.
392-
Refusing to serve as Whiffler. 207.
196, 209, 212,217, 248, 274, 319. 341. 425,
Differences with the Barber-Surgeons,
426, 427, 428.
125, 126.
Index Re nun.
607
Physicians — continued.
Opposition to encroachments of the,
399-
Dr. Harvey's practice complained
of, 336.
Sen-ant prosecuted for using surgery,
33*-
Physicians and Surgeons, Conjoint
College of, 42.
Pictures —
Not to be defaced, 508.
Of the 41 Philosophers, 509.
Holbein's picture, 487, 512.
„ what it represents, 80, 81.
„ description of, 81-94.
„ borrowed by Charles I,
93> 397-
,, borrowed by James I, 92.
„ preserved in 1666, 143, 414-
Sir R. Peel's opinion of, 91.
„ Saml. Pepys' opinion of, 92.
„ cartoons at College of
Surgeons, 93.
„ to be engraved, 510.
„ Baron's study of, 513.
„ engraved by Baron, 93.
Thomas Allen, 488.
Queen Anne, 513.
Edward Arris, 510 512.
Robert Balthrop, 404.
Charles Bernard, 487, 512.
Edward Charleye, 509.
Charles II, 417, 487, 488, 512.
Queen Elizabeth, 404.
Mr. Feme, 488.
Sir John Frederick, 487, 512.
Dr. Goddard, 509.
Dr. Gwyn, 509.
James I, 392,509.
Henry Johnson. 4S7, 513.
Inigo Jones, 418, 487, 512.
Thomas Lisle, 487, 512.
Linneus, 512.
Sir T. More and family, 510.
Prince Elector Palatine, 488.
John Paterson, 297, 511.
Sir Peter Proby, 395, 404.
Dr. Prudjon, 509.
Duchess of Richmond, 297, 512.
Sir C. Scarborough and E. Arris. 407,
487* .51°' 512-
Ephraim Skinner, 487, 513.
" Two Spanish pictures," 487, 513.
Dr. Tyson, 419, 487, 511.
Plague —
In 1607, 202.
In 1625, 128, 209.
In 1636, 135.
In 1665, 413.
At St. Edmundsberey, 214.
Plate —
Ancient gifts of, 189, 190, 192. 493. 494,
495- 529* 532, 538-
Bought, 188, 418, 419, 493, 494.
Altered or exchanged, 403.
Pawned, 140, 406, 493, 496, 497.
Redeemed, 497.
Sold, 495, 496, 497.
Yeomanry's, sold, 495.
Fears as to safety of, 496.
Inventory of, in 1728, 490. 401.
Stolen, 208.
Royal gifts, 492.
Henry VIII's cup, 497.
Charles II's cup, 499.
Queen Anne's punch-bowl. 500.
Gifts of modern masters, &c, 507.
Arris' cups, 501.
Plate — continued.
Badge of barge master, 41S.
Badge of master, 506.
Badge of warden, 506.
Beadles' maceheads,4S7, 506.
Collins' flagon, 503.
Loving cups, 501.
Monforde's hammer, 506.
Pepper boxes, 418.
Punch ladles, 419, 505, 506.
Rose-water dishes, 504.
Tankards, 503, 504.
Tea spoons, 505.
Tea urn, 504.
Tureens, sauce boats, &c., 504.
Wardens' garlands, 397, 494, 506.
Poors' box, purchase of, 403.
Precedence—
Of the Company, 239, 240, 241.
Asserted in 1606, 116.
Dispute with Tallow-chandlers as to.
402.
Order of Aldermen as to, 195.
Of members in court, 171.
Precepts —
Forbidding breach of the peace, 1S7.
„ excess of apparel. 124.
„ feasting, 44S, 449, 451.
For loans to James I, m, 124.
For loans to Charles I, 128, 136.
For Midsummer watch in 1525, 76.
For present to Charles II, 143.
For provision of armour, 108.
For provision of corn, &c, 104, 123,
128, 136, 205.
For provision of gunpowder, 107, 136.
For provision of soldiers, 106, 148.
For relief of sufferers by fire at Bland-
ford, Tiverton and Ramsey, 228.
Suppressing rebels in Ireland, 107.
For a pageant resisted, 129.
For royal progresses and processions
(sec Progresses).
Present to Charles II, 143, 409.
Prison, order for discharge out of, 205.
Progresses, &c. —
Elizabeth, 108, 109.
James I, no.
James I and Christian IV, 115.
Henry, Prince of Wales, 123.
Charles I, 136, 137, 404.
Cromwell, 143.
George I, 151.
Property —
Bequest of houses by R. Ferbras, 61,
161, 481.
Leases granted, 174, 176, 177, 198, 234.
A pretended lease, 199.
Sold, 416.
Sold in 1717 and reasons therefor, 152,
153.
To be insured, 225.
Houses bought in Monkwell Street. 109.
Site of Theatre bought, 234.
Quack—
Punishment of, in 1382, 37.
x\dvertisements pulled down, 385, 400.
Dealt with, 336.
Forbidden to practise, 352.
Rejected. 351, 353.
A Frenchman rejected, 334.
Quaker admitted to freedom, 226.
Quarterage, 29, 30, 33, 253, 270, 277, 278,
280. 284, 380.
Quo Warranto. 145.
Recorder, yearly fee to, 203, 396.
Records got from Guildhall and Tower.
401.
Rent Roll in 1603, 381.
,, in 1609, 394.
Resuscitation, cases of, 320, 321, 358, 359,
360.
Romish procession, and dinner at the
hall in 1555, 100.
Russian ambassador, Company meet the,
410.
St. Alban, Wood Street —
Contribution to repair of church, 212.
Contribution to organ fund, 229.
St. Olave, Silver Street—
Contribution to repair of church, 201.
Interesting method of assessment, 237.
St. Paul's—
Letter from Bishop Laud asking for
contribution towards repair of, 129.
Contribution, 403.
Sceptre and two pictures presented, 189.
Seal ordered, 226.
,, altered, 164.
Seals corporate, 486.
Search for a malefactor, 392.
Search, the Masters to go in, 201.
Secrets, revealers of, to be expelled, 191.
Sergeant-Surgeons, list of, 18.
Shampooing apparatus. 37S.
Sheriff, Barber-Surgeons who have
been, 19.
Ship money, 107, 13=;, 212, 401.
Skeleton, the, at the' Hall, 315.
Skeleton, prepared by Arris for the
Theatre, 337.
Skin of an anatomy not to be tanned,
320.
Soldiers billetted on City Halls, 142.
„ Surgeons appointed for wounded,
334-
,, cost of furnishing. 590.
,, provision for, 106, 148.
,, {See precepts.)
Sorcerer forbidden to practise Surgery,
327- .
Spain, contribution to expedition against.
107.
Stewards of feasts. 1 iS, 211, 407. 444. 464.
466, 467.
Sunday Trading—
Ordinances asto, 77, 120. 172, 181.
Cases of, 182, 184. 185, roo, 191, 192,
200, 222, 223, 416. 426.
Archbishop Arundel's letter as to, 48.
Sun dial, 221, 400.
Superannuation of Navy officers, exami-
nations for, 351.
Superannuation, candidate for, rejected,
353-
Suppression of Charles I 's letter to
Company, 138.
Surgeon
First admission of a, to freedom of
City, 25.
A contumacious, 336.
An impertinent, 343.
An impudent and defiant, 332.
A slanderous, 329.
Not approved, sent to prison 325.
On his knees apologizes for slander.
3J9-
Ordered to heal bis patient, 308, 316.
Prosecuted for not exhibiting a sign.
322.
Summoned for amputating a breast
without calling in an examiner, 349.
Summoned for not reading his lecture,
328.
Ordered to be defended if sued by
Physicians, 345.
6oS
Index Rent in.
Surgeons—
Surgeonslicensed to practise in — continued.
Trades of freemen binding apprentices,
Examiners of, appointed, 308, 316,329.
As Oculist, 331.
398, 399-
Examination of, 157, 158.
Rupture, 317, 329.
Translation of freemen to other Com-
Being examined, to give a silver spoon,
Scrofula, 340.
panies, 226, 254, 272, 273, 314, 349.
310.
Surgeons complained of —
Trenchers, wooden, 396, 405.
Candidates for, rejected, 349.
By patients, 315, 316, 317. 318, 319,
Truss maker ordered to alter his sign
Diplomas, 69, 311. 312, 343.
Licenses to be recorded, 308.
321, 324, 328, 330, 341, 426, 427, 429.
board, 350.
For slander, 319.
Violent freeman, a, 212.
Ordered not to practise barbery, 217.
For putting out unlawful sign, 316.
Virgina, colony of, 121, 122, 123.
Order to prosecute unskilful, 323, 328.
Surgeons' Company peruse the united
Virginia, sending children to, 395, 396.
Unskilful, ordered not to practise, 319,
Company's records after separation,
Viscera lecture, readers of, 373-377.
322, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331.
229, 230.
Warden dismissed for misconduct, 214.
To appear at anatomies in flat caps,
Surgeon -General for the army, Peter
Warden Frederick applies for Deputy
37°-
Thorney appointed, 334.
to be appointed in his place, 197.
Improperly elected masters, and pro-
Surgical lectures, 362.
Wardens, 120, 170, 171, 179, 180, 201.
ceedings thereon, 149, 150.
1 apestry purchased, 393.
Wardens' garlands, 397, 494, 506.
Mr. Beckett's book on lives of, 351.
Technical education, Company provide
Woman Surgeon arrested, 392.
Guild, 35. 36, 38, 47.
„ disputes with Barbers' Com-
for, 361.
Women admitted to freedom, 260,
Tenant complained of as disorderly, 211.
Women, examination of condemned, 401.
pany, 38, 39, 43, 51.
Tenure, curious old, 188.
Yeomanry —
Surgeons, Bishop's Licences to —
Thanksgiving and Humiliation days,
Description of, 276, 277, 278.
Act of Parliament for, 72. 73, 74.
395. 406, 407, 408, 413.
Articles of. 120, 278, 279, 280.
Surgeons to be examined before going
Theatre of Anatomy —
First Wardens of. 281.
to Bishop, 310, 329.
Leases from the City, 132, 133.
Wardens not to go home in state, 281.
„ presented to Dean of St.
Built, 132.
Wardens commit offender to prison, 282.
Paul's 328.
Contributions for building, 215.
Forbidden to commit to prison, 284.
Petition to Bishop of London, 322.
Cost of building, 402, 403.
Forbidden to attend weddings, 283.
,, to Archbishop of Canterbury
Plan of, 134.
Wardens to collect quarterage, 282.
setting out the practice, 346.
Ceiling to be decorated, 213.
Compound for quarterage, 286.
,, to other Bishops, &c, 348.
Ceiling to be boarded, 214.
Forbidden to collect quarterage, 284.
Bishop agrees not to license without
Sculpture for the, 214.
Dispute with Auditors, 284.
a certificate, 350.
Curiosities in the, 134, 488.
Reproved for exceeding their powers,
Company objects to pay caveat to
To be repaired, 227.
284.
Bishop's registrar, 358.
Earl of Burlington requested to repair
Not to keep their book of orders, 285.
Practice continued till 18th century, 74.
the, 231.
Forbidden to hold quarterly dinners.284
Surgeons licensed to practise in—
Restored by Earl of Burlington, 153,
Not to dine, 451.
Bone setting, 325.
154-
Not to be sworn, 285.
Dentistry, 178.
To be pulled down, 233.
Plate sold, 495.
Couching, &c, 324, 329.
Site bought, 234.
Funeral pall, 2S6.
Cutting for stone, 313, 317.
Tortoiseshell given to the Hall, 218, 487.
Tours, edict of, 23.
Alleged to be illegal, 282, 283.
Midwifery, 330.
Extinction of the, 286, 287.
NDEX NOMINUM.
The Lithographed Pedigrees of Aylef, Lethieullier, Pen and Proby, having been inserted
since this Index was prepared, will not be found here.
The names of various obscure individuals have not been indexed.
" Biographical notices " are in small capitals.
L. M. signifies Lord Mayor.
The same name will frequently be found more than once on the same page.
Abbott, Sir Maurice, L.M., 357.
Abraham, Stephen, 327.
Adair, Serjt., 235.
Adam, Henry, 96.
,, Thomas, 14, 15.
Adams, Daniel, 14.
„ John, 14.
„ Sir Richard, 566.
Alcocke, Nicholas, 527.
Alcocke, Elizabeth, 527, 528.
,, Margaret, 527.
,, Nicholas, 83, 91, 95, 529.
,, Roger, 528.
Alderson, Daniel, 270.
,, James, 270.
,, Katherine, 270.
Richard, 286.
Allen, Abraham, 7, 273, 328, 470, 477.
„ Isaac, 494.
„ Thomas, 8, 9, 194, z°3> 215* 249-
343- 344. 392< 393. 452i 488.
Allott, Dr. Robert, 210, 331, 495.
Alsop, Thomas, 82, 85.
Alva, Duke of, 556.
Alwyne, Nicholas, L.M., 71, 72.
Amcottes, Sir Henry. L.M., 517.
Amvand, Claudius, 565.
Amyand, Anna Maria, 566.
„ Anne, 566.
„ Claudius, 11, 18, 228.
„ Claudius, jun., 566.
„ Sir George, Bart., 566.
„ Harriet Mary, 566.
„ Isaac, 565.
„ John, 566.
,, Judith, 566.
„ Mary, 567.
„ Mary Catherine, 566.
„ Thomas, 566.
Andrews, Michael, 8, 127, 134, 215.
Andrewes, Dr. Richard, 366.
Robert, 305, 490, 504.
Androwson, John, 170, 424.
Anger, John, 95.
ANNE, QUEEN, 150, 490, 492, 500, 505.
5131 5°3-
Annis, John, 15.
Anslow, John, 328.
Anson, Robert, 69, 70.
Antonio, John, 331.
Appleton, Thomas, 4, 96, 173, 289, 302,
3°3-
Archenbold, Nicholas, 6, 377.
Archer, Thomas, 528.
Arris, Edward, 547.
Arris, Agnes, 550.
,, Edward, 8, 9, 19, 136, 140, 160, 162,
215, 251, 337, 343, 345, 368, 369,
372, 407, 452, 487, 491, 497, 501,
503, 510, 512, 550, 600.
„ Elizabeth, 550.
„ Jasper, 7, 8, 547, 550.
., Margaret, 550.
„ Mary', 549> 55o-
„ Olivia, 550.
„ Robert, 548, 549, 550.
„ Susan, 550.
„ Thomas, 550.
„ Dr. Thomas, 160, 161, 369, 370,
549> 55o.
Arundell, Archbishop, 48, 49.
„ and Surrey, Earl of, 128.
„ Edward, 4, 5.
„ Thomas, 96.
Ashton, Thomas, D.D., 566.
Ashwell, William, 4.
Atkinson, Charles Howard, 17.
„ John, 5, 6, 15, 95, 170, 238, 463,
465, 4S4, 485, 500, 505, 506.
,, Joseph, 14.
,, Randolph, 528.
„ Richard James, 17.
„ Thomas, 4.
Atkyn, Henry, 95.
Atmer, Lewis, 7, 95, 194, 323, 324, 429,
543- 591-
Atwood, William, 3.
Augustinis, De, 86.
Austin, George, 16, 17, 505.
„ George, jun., 17, 507.
„ Lawrence, 3.
Awcetter, John, 95, 96.
Aylef, Sir John, 516.
Aylef, Alice, 518, 519, 521.
„ Erkynwald, 518, 519, 520, 521.
„ Sir George, 518.
„ Lady Isabel, 89, 178, 518, 520, 521.
„ Sir John, 5, 19, 75, 81, 82, 88, 89, 95.
„ Sir John, jun., 89, 518, 519, 521.
„ Martha, 520.
„ Mary, 5'8, 519, 521.
„ William, 520.
Babbidge, Mr., 418.
Bacon, William, 2.
Baker. Alexander, 8. 482, 495.
., Frederick, 16.
George, 7, 18, 329, 428, 530, 536,
543. 544, 59°-
Bakon, John, 26.
Baldwin, Henry, 4. 5.
Bale, Dr. Charles, 375.
„ Gratian, 10, 11, 305. 306.
Nathaniel, 305.
Balthazar (physician), 86.
Balthrop, Robert, 528.
Balthrop, Dorothy, 530.
„ Richard, 530.
„ Robert, 6, 18, 316, 404, 440,
52.3- 527> 528.
„ William, 530.
Bamber, John, 254, 345.
Banckes (Banks, &c), James, 5, 308.
,, John, 4, 5, 95, 169,211, 219, 383,
398, 481, 494, 512.
„ Thomas, 6, 7. 189, 481,494. 574.
Bancks. Sir John. 478.
4 1
6io
Index Nominum.
Banester, John, 95.
Banks, Dr. R., 377.
Barber, K., 5.
„ Thomas, 6.
„ Alice le, 27.
„ Johanna le, 25.
„ Katherinc le, 25, 257.
„ Richard le, 1, 23, 24, 25, 242, 257,
402.
„ Hamo the, 27,
„ Lawrence the, 26.
„ Nicholas the, 27.
„ Ralph the, 256.
„ Roger the, 26.
„ Thomas the, 26.
Barbir, James, 575, 576.
Barbur, Philip, 575, 576.
Barbyr, Thomas, 575, 576.
Barker, Henry, 9, 416, 547.
„ John, 5, 96.
„ William, 96.
Barnard, John, 357.
Barnes, William, 307.
Barnet, Thomas, 273.
Barnett, Thomas, 13.
Barnwell, John. 11, 12, 163. 597, 598.
Barn ye, John, 591.
Baron, Bernard, 93, 422, 510, 513.
Barowes, Anthony, 96.
Barrett, Raphe, 322.
Barrowby, Dr. W., 374, 375.
Bartlett, Mr., 350.
Bartlot, Walter, 61.
Barton, Walter, 326.
Baskerville, Jeffery, 268.
Bates, James, 7, 543, 591.
Batman, George, 96.
Baylie (Bayley, &c), Noah, 193, 264.
„ Thomas, 6, 10, 96, 102, 316, 523,
524-
„ Timothy, 13.
„ William, 14.
Baylis, Sir Robert, L.M., 357.
Baynes, Richard, 330.
Beale, Richard, 296, 297.
Bearblock, John, 12, 163.
Beauchamp, Emma, 538.
„ John, 538.
Beckett. William, F.R.S., 351-
Beckford, William, L.M., 567.
Belchier, John, 376.
Belfore, Sir William, 336.
Bell, John, 96.
„ Thomas, 490, 501.
„ Rev. Dr., 530.
Bellamy, William, 9, 10.
Bendoe, Robert, 592.
Bennett, James Douglas, 16.
„ William, 9, 215, 270, 369.
„ Mr., 530.
Bernard, Charles (S.S.), 563.
Bernard, Charles (S.S), 10, 18, 149, 294,
487, 490, 500, 512, 570.
„ Charles, jun., 564.
„ Charles (Clerk), 222.289, *93i
294- 295, 465- 5°5-
„ Henry, 565.
„ Jane, 564.
„ Elizabeth, 570.
„ Dr. Francis, 563.
„ Mary, 564.
„ Miss, 532.
„ Samuel, D.D., 563.
„ Susan, 564.
„ Dr. William, 563, 564.
Berney, Mr., 227.
Berrow, John, 13.
Bestchirche, John, 1.
Beton, William, 316.
Bette, William, 447.
Beverley, Robert, 68.
Bewsye, Robert, 319.
Bierly, Mr., 478.
Bigges, John, 591.
Biggs, Thomas, 215.
Bignell, William, 8, 9, 136.
Billing, William, 95.
Bird, John, 5, 95, 169.
„ Thomas, 6, 7, 194, 201,323,493. 543,
59°-
Blackley, Henry, 8, 202, 215.
Blackborne, James, 330, 331.
Blakey, John, 2.
Blakye, John, 2.
Blanford, William, 11.
Blaunchard, Gilbert, 256.
Blayny, Edward, 303.
Blounde, John, 61.
Bludder, Sir Thomas, 545.
Bludder, John, 454.
„ Sir Thomas, 452.
Blundell, John, 12.
Bodeley, Henry, 96.
Boleyn, Queen Anne, 86, 87.
Bolingbroke, Lord, 139.
Boll, Richard {See Bowie).
Boiling, Christopher, 95.
Bond, William, 10, it.
Bone, John, 3.
Bonnar, John, 5, 6, 96, 426.
Bonner, Richard, 265, 266.
Bonwick, Jacob, 307.
Boone, Elizabeth, 550.
Henry, 8, 9, 136, 215, 337, 343.
369, 452, 487, 550, 563.
Booth, John, 225.
Bordman, John, 95.
Borgarneins, Dr. Julyo, 314, 363.
Borne, John, 8.
„ Thomas, 8, 210, 495.
„ William, 7, 543, 590.
Borrell, William, 96.
Borrett, Samuel, 307.
Bosberry, Ralph de, 257.
Bost, Henry, 591.
Botelier, John, 4, 71.
Botham, Daniel, 591.
Bourne, Thomas, 396.
Bovey, Ralph, 7, 494, 543.
William, 6, 316,538.
Bowden, Thomas, 9, 215, 337, 338,
341, 342, 343, 344, 400, 501.
Bowghy, George, 270.
„ Katherine, 270.
Bowlden, Nicholas, 324, 325.
Bowie, Richard, 5, 95, 169, 426.
Boxley, Edward, 12, 163, 597, 598.
Boyvell, Thomas, 1, 402.
Brabanzon, Roger le, 256.
Bradley, Henry, 6, 591.
Brampton, John, 2.
Branton, John, 2.
Brass, William, 507.
Braswell, John, 96.
Braye, William, 591.
Brett, Elizabeth, 545.
„ Robert, 545.
Brian, George, 4.
Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, 411.
Bridges, Thomas, 12.
Brightmore, Richard, 3.
Brightwelton, George, 96.
Bristolle, John de, 27.
Brock, Thomas, 16.
Brode, William, 591.
Bromefeld, Lewis, 96.
Bromfield, William, 377.
Bromley, Humfrey, 333.
Brooke, Henry, 2.
Brooks, James, 9, 10.
,, John, 164, 165.
„ Major, 144, 414.
Brothers, Nicholas, 9, 215, 342.
Brown, Edward, 349.
„ Robert, 5.
Browne, Martin, 546.
Browne, Dr., 190, 200.
„ Barker, 391.
„ Christopher, 330.
„ George, 15.
„ John, 4, 95, 406, 429, 497.
„ Margaret, 547.
„ Martin, 8, 9, 215, 250, 251, 341,
342, 490, 497, 501, 502.
„ Rebecca, 547.
,, Thomas, 2, 8, 452.
„ William, 591.
Brownhill, Robert, 5, 6, 95, 169.
Bryckett, John, 177, 270.
Brykesworth, George, 527.
Bucke, Alice, 522, 523.
Buckell, Isabel, 518.
„ Robert, 519.
Buckingham, Edward, Duke of, 514.
Buckley, Roger, 274.
Bull, Sir John, 565.
Bull, Henry, it.
„ Sir John, 19.
„ Richard, 565.
„ William, 6, 184.
Bullock, Robert, 9, 215, 343.
Burgavenny, Henry, Lord, 514.
Burgavenny, Frances, Lady, 515.
„ Mary, Lady, 514.
Burges, John, 317, 591.
Burgess, John, 7, 190.
Burleigh, Lord, 544.
Burlington, Earl of, 94, 153, 154, 231, 422.
Burn, James Frederick, 16.
Burnett, Thomas, 96.
Burroughs, Mr., 227.
Burston, Thomas, 6, 281, 426, 547.
Burton, Thomas, 9.
„ Isaac, 13.
Bushe, Henry John, 393.
Butphillian, Thomas, 95.
Butts, Dr. William, 82, 85, 86.
Bynns, Fenton, 345.
„ Joseph, 9.
Byrkes — , 513.
Cade, Richard, 250, 274, 539.
Cadwalder, Richard, 322.
Cairnes, Sir Alexander, 557.
Caister, Thomas, 10.
Calamy, Edmund. 561.
Caldwell, Edward, 326.
„ Thamar, 128.
„ Thomas, 8, 19, 127, 128.
Callowe, Edmund, 2.
Calveley, Thomas, 9.
Canham, Thomas, 9, 221.
"Canonbury Bessie " 134, 337.
Canterbury, Archbishop (Tenison), 346.
Capoll (Caupoll, &c), Richard, 1, 3.
Carden, Sir R. W., L-M., 572.
Carelill, Edward, 272.
Carlisle, Earl of, 516.
Carpenter, James, 15, 16.
„ Thomas, 16.
Carre, John, 391.
Carrington, John, 591.
„ Richard, 319, 591.
„ William, 426, 427, 590.
Carroll, Captain, 414.
Index N ami num.
611
Carter, Henry, 489.
Clowes. William, jun., 8, 18, 136. 215,
Cutberd, John, 96.
„ John, 16, 506
216, 248, 250, 339, 342, 367.
Cutbert, John, 96.
„ Joseph, 15.
Cobbold, John, 96.
Cuthbertson, Francis, 16.
Carysfort, Earl of, 534.
Cock, Edward, 404.
Cutler. Richard, 538.
Castard, Thomas, 3.
Cockaigne, Edward, 10.
Susan, 538.
Caster, John. 2, 3.
Coghill, John, 7, 8, 206.
Dagvile, John, 61.
Cave, William, 305, 306, 345, 349.
Cokerell, Richard, 96.
Daiseman, Peter, 5, 95, 169.
Cawsey, William, 313.
Cole, John Benjamin, 14.
Dale, Henry, 107.
Cazor (Cazier), Henry, 4, 5, 95.
,, Simon, 3.
Dallahouse, Alyson, 573.
Cecil, Sir Robert, 544.
,, William, n.
,, Robert, 3, 573.
Chaddock, Richard, 591.
Colebeck, Edward, 163, 597, 598.
Dallinge, John de, 26.
Challoner, Sir Thomas, 567.
Colebrooke, Dr., 373.
Dalton, John, 2.
Dance, George, 234, 420.
Challoner, Mary, 567.
Coleridge, Sir J. D., 60.
„ Rachel, 567.
Colet, Sir Henry, L.M., 63.
Daniell, Richard, 473.
„ Sir Thomas, 13, 19.
„ William, 29, 32, 34, 402.
„ Thomas, 4.
,, Thomas, 567.
Coley, Richard, 96.
Dansie, James, 12, 155.
Chamber, John, 308, 424.
Collard, Thomas, 3.
Dards, John, 7, 8, 193, 591.
„ Robert, 96.
Colley, Allen, 263,426, 427, 591.
Darker, Thomas, 96.
Chamberlaine, Dr., 405.
„ John, 15.
Darling, John, 10.
Darnell, Serjt., 149.
Chambers, Richard, 3.
Collins, Nicholas, 199.
Chamblent, Dr., ^68.
,, Richard, 306, 307, 421.
Dasons, Robert, 2.
Chambre, Dr., John, 82, 87, 8S.
Thomas, 8, 9, 331, 338, 339, 369,
Daulton, John, 2.
Chapelyn (Chapeley), William, 2.
490, 503.
Daunt, John, 3.
Chapman, William, 1, 30, 32, 303, 304.
Colman, John, 378.
Dauntese, William, 96.
CHARLES 1, 93, 129, 134, 136, 138, 142,
Colmer, Dr. H., 373.
Davy, Sir Horace, 445.
156. 338' 339' 397' 4°4. 48S, 515, 602.
CHA RLES II , 143, 409, 410, 412, 417, 471,
Compton, Sir William, 88.
Davis, Dr., 365.
Conny. John, 10.
Davison, John, 14.
487, 488, 490, 492, 499, 500, 512, 515, 553.
Connysbye, Nicholas, 424.
Davyes, John, 8, 215.
Charley. Edward, 209, 215, 396, 452, 509.
Conway, Lord, 334.
„ Thomas, 8, 19.
Charterane, John, 96.
„ Secretary, 127.
Davys, Reynold, 592.
Chaumbre, Henry de la, 257.
Conyngesby, Simon, 1.
Dawes, Thomas, 4, 69, 70.
Cheselden, William, 568.
Cook, Henry, 1, 30, 32, 424.
Deane. John, 10, 317.
Cheselden, George, 568,
Cooke, Sir Anthony, 200.
Dee, Mr., 149.
William, 12.
„ Sir John, 334, 398.
Defoe, Daniel, 561.
Cheshire, Richard, 10.
„ Robert, 437, 441.
Deighton, John, 529, 530, 531, 532.
Chevall, Edmond, 90, 525.
„ Thomas, 352.
De la Fortre, Jane, 556.
Lucy, 525, 527.
Cooper, Joseph, 453.
John, 556.
Cheynall, Jonathan, 505.
„ Richard, 7, 8, 208, 249, 450.
Demynge, John, 174.
Cheyr, John, 1.
Corbet, William. 327.
Den, Agnes, 573.
Child, Richard, 96.
Cornewall, Catherine, 566.
„ John, 573.
Childe, John, 1, 2.
„ Sir George, Bart., 566.
Dene, John, 95.
Christian, Hamlet, 387, 388, 339.
„ Velters, 566.
Denham, George, 7.
CHRISTIAN IV, 114,116.
Cornish, Edward Charlus, 17, 507.
Denman, Sir Thomas, 467.
Chovett, Abraham, 376, 377.
„ James, 16.
Denmark, John, 3.
Clarck, Thomas, 473.
„ James Cope, 17.
Denny, Jonathan, 17, 507.
Clark, Christopher, 591.
Corron, George, 6, 281, 440, 493.
Denys, John, 96.
Clarke, Abraham, 9.
Cosins (See Cousins).
Deodate, Dr. John, 375.
,, Augustine, 5, 169.
Cosmo and Damian, Saints, 68, 433, 434.
Derham, Robert, 194, 195.
„ Elizabeth, 491.
Cotes, Mrs. W. J., 569.
Dering, Sir Edward, 560.
„ James, 215.
Cotesworth, William, 11, 154.
Dester, Thomas, 96.
„ Richard, 591.
Cotton, John, 330.
Dethick, Gilbert, 437, 441.
„ Robert, 6, 8, g, 209.
„ Lawrence, 8, 213, 215, 250, 367.
Deviatt, Abraham, 491.
„ William, 10.
„ Randall, 591.
Dickins, Ambrose, 570.
Clapp, James, 15.
„ Thomas, 12, 163, 483.
Dickins, Ambrose. 11. 18, 153, 155,
228,
Clay, James, 14.
W. J. R.. L.M., 572.
486, 564, 566.
Clemence, Thomas, 546.
" Country Tom," 134.
„ George, 570.
Clerc, Richard. 2.
Cousins, Joseph, 11, 225, 226.
Dicson, Thomas, 96.
Clerk, Robert, 378.
Coweye, Edward, 591.
Dier, Hugh, 95.
„ Roger, 37.
Cowper, William, 568.
Dixon, Ralph, 267.
„ William, 378.
„ William. Lord, 150.
„ Thomas, 273.
Clerke, Abraham, 343, 344.
Coxe, Leonard, 6, 7, 184, 543.
William, 592.
Clifton, Kellam, 303, 304.
Cragell, John, 96.
Dobby, Nicholas, 591.
William, 201.
Cranfield, Sir Lionel, 92.
Dobynson, Bartholomew, 96.
Closs, Samuel, 15.
Cranmer, Archbishop, 85.
Dodds, William, 13.
Clowes, William, 535.
Crawford. Earl of, 562.
Dodinghurst, John de, 256.
Clowes, William, jun., 537.
Croidon, Roger de, 27.
Dodwell, Robert, 96.
Clowes, Ann, 537, 538.
„ Catherine, 538.
Cromer, Dr. Walter, 86.
„ Lady Ann, 557.
Cromwell, Oliver, 143, 407, 408.
Doorebarre, Thomas, 399, 404, 408.
„ Geoffrey, 538.
Crooke, Dr., 332.
Dorrell, John, 215, 452.
„ Henry, 538.
Crosby, Bartholomew, 3.
Dorrington, John, 491, 504.
James, 234, 537, 538.
Crosse, Mary, 140, 496, 497.
Dormot, John, 96.
„ Mary, 538.
., Symon, 473.
Dorset, Earl of, 116, 121.
„ Nicholas, 538.
Crouch, Symon, 217.
Doughton (See Dowton).
„ Richard, 538.
Crowe, William, 6, 184.
Douglas, Dr. James, 374.
„ Sarah, 537, 538.
Crump, Mr., Q.C., 572.
„ Robert. 14, 505.
„ Susan, 538.
Cruttenden, Joseph, 230.
Douglass, John. 352.
„ Thomas, 535, 538.
Cumberland, John, 321.
Dounesheued, William de, 26.
„ William, 7, 319, 427, 428, 537, 538.
Cunningham, Dr. William. 363, 524.
Dowell, Ralph, 3.
41
bi2
Index Norn i num.
Downeing, Nicholas, 335, 336.
Dowries, Robert, 14.
Downhall, William, 535.
Downham, William, 96.
Downinge, Humphry, 274.
Downys, Robert, 96.
Dowton. Arthur, 8, 473.
Draper, William, 96.
Drewe, Richard, 172.
„ William, 308, 424.
Driver, George, 16.
„ John, 14, 482.
,, Thomas George, 17.
„ Thomas Skegg, 15.
Drumacks, John, 3.
Duell, William, 359.
Duffeeld, Edward, 271.
Dunn (Dunne), George, 8, 9. 140, 217,
338, 342^ 367, 369.
Dunnett, Malcolm, 14, 484.
William, 16.
Dunolm, Henry de, 256.
Dupont, — , 334, 398.
Duppa, Thomas, 287.
Dupre, Josias, 480.
Dycson, Richard, 425.
Dye, Samuel, 136, 209, 215, 251, 452.
Eade, Richard, 273.
Easte, Matthew, 592.
Eastey, Richard, 3.
Eaton, Henry, 215. 342. 452.
Matthew, 271.
Ecclestone, William Aaron, 17.
Eden, Ralph, 14.
„ William, 290.
Edenborough, Samuel, 15.
Edlyn, John, 96.
EDWARD VI, 471 52,87,89,91.
Edwards, Joel, 15.
„ John, 447, 529, 530, 531, 532.
Edwin, Sir Humphey, L.M., 560.
Edwin, Charles, 560, 561.
„ Sir Humphry, L.M., 10, 19, 221.
„ Humphry, jun., 560.
„ John, 562.
,, Mary, 560.
„ Samuel, 560, 561.
„ Thomas, 560.
William, 560.
ELIZABETH, QUEEN, 87, 92, 102, 103,
108, 109, 121, 313, 398, 439, 440, 543.
Ellenborough, Lord, 237.
Ellesmere, Lord, 116, 121.
Elliot, Alexander, 592.
„ (Elyott), Richard, 5, 95, 170.
Emberson, Thomas, 16.
Emerton, Robert, 13, 14, 504, 507.
Enderby, John, 4, 5, 95, 169, 172.
Erwin, James, 349.
Essex, Earl of, 107.
Essington, Thomas, 12.
Evans, Edward, 303.
„ Henri7, io^
„ Richard, 548.
„ William, 13.
Eve, Thomas, 591.
Evelyn, John, 139.
Exeter, Bishop of, 88.
Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 142, 405.
Fane, Sir Thomas, 515.
Farendon, Sir Nicholas de, 24, 256.
Farmer, January, "1 486, 567-
Farre, James, 9.
Fauconer, Thomas, L.M.. 40, 43.
Fayles, Thomas, 96.
Fenton, John, 7, 116, 121, 193, 194, 200,
202, 206, 208, 326, 327, 332, 386,
473' 476, 508.
Fenton, Joseph, 8, 323, 329.
Ferbras, Robert, 61, 161, 382, 398, 481.
Feme, James, 11, 12, 486, 488, 568.
Ferrat, William, 271.
Ferris, Richard, 524.
Ferris, Em, 524.
„ Richard, 5, 6, 18, 83, 92, 170, 312,
59*-
„ Thomazme, 524.
Fettyplace, Mr., 542.
Field, John. 6, 14, 316, 524, 590.
„ William, 290.
Finlay, Robert, 152, 153.
Fitzhugh, Mr., 227.
Kiizjames, Sir John, 77, 579, 586.
Flecton, Robert, 449.
Fleete, Edward, 209, 215, 334, 369, 452.
Fl^mmynge, Gyles, 330.
Flower, William, 437, 441.
Foliard, Ralph, 9, 19.
Follioi, Thomas, 3.
Foot, Robert, 559.
Ford, Grace, 534.
„ Sir Richard, 534.
Forster, Robert, 95.
Forty, Henry, 411, 412.
Foster, Henry, 591.
„ John, 325, 452.
„ Nathaniel. 304, 305, 453.
Philip, 10.
Ralph, 9, 454.
„ Randall, 7, 8, 206, 208, 476, 591.
„ Robert, 273.
., Roger, 4.
William, 328.
Fothergill, Thomas, 491, 504.
Fountayne, William, 591.
Fradin, Daniel, 12, 463.
Franck, John, 210.
„ John, jun., 210, 219
Frankish, Rowland, 3.
Fraunceis, Gefery, 96.
James, 592.
FREDERICK V. Elector Palatine, 396,513.
Frederick, Sir John, L.M., 550.
Frederick, Christopher, 7, 18, 194, 197,
198, 200, 206, 264, 325, 329,
473- 476, S°8, 543, 550, 551.
„ Elizabeth, 553, 555.
„ Sir John, L.M., 9, 19, 197, 343,
344,487, 490, 501, 502, 512,
554, 555, 556, 558-
,, Sir John, Bart., 553.
„ Judith, 553, 554, 555.
Mary, 551.
Thomas, 553.
William, 551.
Freeman, Elizabeth, 142.
Freke, Mr., 155,
Freman, Edward, 95.
Freind, Dr. John, 373
Frende. John, 316, 317, 318.
Frizemigefeyld, — , 389.
Fryer, William, 9, 10.
Fuller, Robert, 7, 473.
Fullerton, Sir James, 127.
Furnese, Sir Henry, 557.
Fynceham, John de, 257.
Fynche, Richard, 331.
Fyninge. William, 7, 109, 116, 202, 383,
387, 39o, 508.
Fyshe, Thomas, 5, 96, 312.
Gale, Elizabeth, 574.
„ Jane, 574.
., John, 162, 220, 574, 600.
-, Mary, 574-
., Suzan, 574.
., Thomas. 5, 6, 102, 312, 363- 439. 524.
Gale, William, 6, 7, 206, 220, 329, 524,
574, S9°-
Galle (See Gale).
Gamlyn, John, 96.
Gardener, John, 317.
Gardiner, Thomas, 18.
Gariswall, Anthony, 531.
Garland, Ralph, 5, 95.
Garrard, Sir Thomas, 197.
Garrett, Sir William, L.M., 99.
Garrood, Thomas, 13, 14.
Garter, Thomas, 290.
Garwood, Robert, 14.
Gastey, Richard, 3.
Gataker, Thomas, 18.
Gatard, William, 3.
Gayle (Sec Gale).
Geddyngs, Richard, 1.
Geekie, Alexander, n, 418.
Geene, George, 5, 6, 95, 99, 102, 169, 170,
308, 312.
Geery, Henry, 4.
GetTery, Thomas, 2.
GEORGE I, 151.
Gerard, John, 540.
Gerard, John, 96.
„ John (Herbalist), 7, 194, 206,
329, 429-
( ihcys, Mr., 232.
Gibbs, Sir R., 236.
Gibson, Thomas, 4, 5, 76.
,, Zachariah, 10, 11.
Gilberd, John, 95.
Gill, Philip, 215.
,, Thomas, 491, 504.
Gillam, Thomas, 331, 334, 494, 495.
Giles, Dr. Marmaduke, 374.
Gisberd, Melser, 331.
Gisebourn, Walter, 1.
Glasier, Elizabeth, 521.
Glen, Alexander, 13.
Glenister, William, 12.
Gloucester, Duke of, 409.
,, Robert de, 257,
( ilyn, Serjeant, 411.
Glynton, Thomas, 174.
Godard, Reginald, 1.
Goddard, Dr. John, 342, 370, 509.
,, Thomas, 3.
Godman, Mr., 350.
Godschall, Robert, 357.
Golding, Thomas, 13, 14.
Goldsmith, Dr., 375, 376.
Gomine, William, 30, 32.
Goodale, Edward, 286.
,, Thomas, 204, 323, 391.
Goodall, Dr., 125, 345.
,, Thomas, 196, 428.
Goodby, John, 5.
Gooderus, William, 5, 7, 18, 206, 329,
53°, 531, 5.37-
Goodwin, William, 176.
Goodwyn, Henry, 327.
Gorton, Edward, 300, 304.
Gorston, Humphry, 394.
Gossidge, Lewis, 209.
Gower, Richard, 5.
Gowrie, Earl of, 394, 396.
Grafton, John, 2, 3.
,, Richard, 521.
Grange, George, 14.
Grantone, John de, 1, 35, 36.
Grave, Henry, 2.
Gray, Donald, 16.
„ George, 491, 503.
,, John, 96.
Greenbury, Richard, 398, 407, 494, 509,
512-
Index Norn in it in.
Greene (Grene), Edward, n.
Hawkins, Caesar Henry, 572.
Holland, James, 4.
n n John, 95.
,, Charles, 572.
,, John, 71, 95.
11 11 Joseph, 11.
,, Pennell, 572.
,, Richard, 591.
H ,, Thomas, 3.
Hawley, Sir Thomas, 517.
Holliday, Robert, 3, 4.
.1 it William, 5, 6, 96, 102,
Haydon, John, 1.
HolHer, Thomas, 9.
*&4, 573-
Hayes, Robert, 11.
Holmes, John, 350.
Greenway, John, 96.
Hayles, William, z-
Holt, Sir John, 150.
Gretton, Henry, 164, 307, 357.
Haynes, Christopher, 95.
,, Lord Chief Justice, 560.
Griffin, Edward, 6, 7, 420, 590.
Haysie, John, 6, 7.
Homewood, Thomas, 473.
„ Joseph, 464, 465.
Hayward (Haward, Heyward, &c). John,
Hooker, Anne, 556.
„ Thomas, 12, 13.
12, i57* J59
,, Elizabeth, 555.
Griffine, John, 524, 530, 531.
ti 11 Richard, 3, 4
71
211.
., Richard, 555.
Griffith, Edward, 540.
,, Richard, jun.
211.
,, Robert, 553.
„ Morrice, 215.
Heath, Nicholas, 8, 134, 136, 1
42»
215.
,, Sir William, L.M., 357, 556.
Grig, Thomas, 274.
367, 4°5-
Hooper, John, 421.
Griggs, William, 437.
,, Sir Robert, 131.
Hopgood, Thomas Burn, 15.
Grint, Dr., 332.
Heaps, John, 16, 307.
Hopkinson, William, 4.
Grome, Thomas, 95.
Helton, George, 105.
Hopton, Richard, 515.
Grottell, Robert, 317.
Hemp, James, 15,
Horsnell, George, 10.
Grove, Andrew, 591.
,, William, 15, 16.
Horton, William, 3.
,, Robert, 95, 273.
Henlye, Philip, 591.
Howard, Sir Edward, 139.
Grymsen, John, 592.
HENRY V, 50.
„ Sir William, 516.
Gurney, John, 163, 597, 598.
VII, 433-
Howlden, Richard, 274.
„ William, 8, 9.
VIII, 75, 84, 85, 86, 87,
88
, 89,
Huckle, William, 8, 134, 213, 215.
Gwyn, Dr., 210, 334, 338, 365, 509.
9°i 91. 433. 435, 439. 44°.
487.
Hughbank, Edward, 96.
,, Susan, 338.
490, 492, 497, 498, 5
to,
516,
Hughes, Richard, 6, 440.
Gyle, John, 5.
520, 524, 525.
,, James, 303.
Gyllam, William, 182, 316.
Herbert, Sir Henry, 333.
Humphris, Edmund, 14.
Gyllet, Thomas, 590.
,, Thomas, 14.
Hungate, Christopher, 95.
Gylman, Thomas, 96.
Herenden, Anthony, 11.
Hunne, William, 2.
Gymblet, John, 591.
Herne, Sir Nathaniel, 554.
Hunt, Gabriell, 325.
Hacche, Johanna atte, 37.
Heme, Basil, 555.
Hurford, William, 13.
,, Roger atte, 37.
,, Frederick, 555.
Hutton, John, 5, 95.
Hadden, George, 15.
,, James, 555.
,, Robert, 95.
Haddon, William, 12, 155, 163, 597, 598.
■1 John, 555.
I'Ans, Elizabeth, 233.
Haines, Richard, 16.
Sir Joseph, 553, 555.
Michael, 12, 233, 482, 483.
Hall, Anthony, 303.
„ Judith, 554, 555.
Ibatson, John, 429.
Ingolsby, Edward, 7, 8, 95, 206.
M John, 314, 363, 364.
,, Kathenne, 555.
,, Roger, 591.
Mary, 555^
,, James, 3, 4, 68.
,, Sylvanus, 234, 235.
,, Sir Nathaniel, 9, 19, 553
558.
Ingram, Sir Arthur, 555.
,, Thomas, 9, 183, 187, 364.
,, Nathaniel, jun., 555.
Ireland, Edward, 6.
Halyday, Robert, 68, 69.
,, Nicholas, 554, 555.
Ironside, Richard, 555.
Hamersley, Hugh, L.M., 333.
,, Richard, 554, 555.
,, Sarah, 555.
Hamlyn, John, 96.
,, Susan, 555.
Izard, John, 7, 194, 206, 428, 493, 495,
Hammond, Richard, 3.
,, Thomas, 555.
543. 59°-
Hamond, Mr., 341.
,, Sir William, 555.
,, Mistress, 203.
Hampshire, Thomas, 14.
Herte, Hugh, 432.
Jackson, John, 10.
Hands, Dr., 373.
Hetherley, William, 96.
,, William, 163.
Handsom, Robert, 4.
Hewett, Edward, 96, 281, 308.
Jaggard, John, 282.
Harbert, Robert, 384, 385, 388.
,, Richard, 10.
JAMES 1, 92, no, in, 112, 123, 126, 394,
Harbin, Richard, 127.
Heydon, John, 8, 30, 32, 213, 215,
269,
397, 468, 470, 515.
Hardy, William, 306.
. 334. 367-
JAMES II, 147, 14S, 560, 563.
Hare, William, 15, 16.
Higgs, William, 95.
James, Jeremiah, 14.
Hargrave, Charles, 293, 294.
Higgins, Richard, 473.
,, Richard, 541.
Harington, John, 592.
Hill, Joseph, 13.
Jasper, — , 313.
Harman. Edmund, 5, 19, 75, 81, 82, 90, 95.
,, Sir Rowland, L.M., 521.
Jenkin, John, 345.
Harper, John, 421.
„ William, 2, 3, 96.
Jenkins, Roger, 7, 121, 273, 328, 473.
Harris, Thomas, 13.
Hiller, William, 95.
Jenkinson, Mathias, 329.
Hart, John, 14.
Hilles, Mr., 383, 384, 385.
Jennings, Robert, 286, 473.
Harte, Hugh, 2, 3.
Hingham, John, 3.
Jersey, Earl of, 554, 555.
Harvard, Elizabeth, 519.
Hinxman, Daniel, 8.
Jewrin, Dr. Thomas, 374, 375.
Harvey, James, 16.
Hitchen, John, 6, 590.
Johnson, Edmund, 305, 339.
,, Richard, n.
Hobbs, Dr., 134.
,, Francis, 305.
,, William, 436, 440, 442.
,, (Hobbes, &c), John, 2.
,, Henry, 9, 10, 487, 513.
,, Dr. William, 336.
„ ,, Thomas, 10,
1 .:.
265.
,, John, 3, 4, 5, 7, 95, 186, 187,
Harvie, John, 9.
,, ,, William, 3, 1
8.
188, 289, 290, 425, 493, 523,
Haryot, Sir William, L.M., 61.
Hodes, Thomas, 318.
59°-
Haselhurst, Henry, 4.
Hodgkinson, Henry, 215.
,, Matthew, 5, 95, 99, 169, 170,
Hassall, John, 7, 206, 267, 273.
Hogarth, William, 572.
273-
Hastyngs, Robert, 96.
Hogeson, James, 96.
,, Richard, 591.
Hathorne, William, 591.
Hogekynson, Henry, q$.
,, Robert, 7, 190, 206, 323, 450,
Hatley, Ralph, 10.
Hogkyn, Michael, 527.
591.
Hatton, Christopher, 336.
Holbein, Hans, 80, 81, 510.
,, Thomas, 5, 95, 99, 169, 170.
Havers, Dr. Clopton, 373.
Holden, Richard, 328.
,, Tobias, 8, 272.
Hawkes, John, 425, 591.
Holditch, Samuel, 343.
,, William, 96.
Hawkins, Sir Caesar, Bart., 571.
Holehouse, Samuel, 16.
Jones, Dr. Hezekias, 374.
11 11 18,377,570.
,, Thomas, 13, 235.
,, Inigo, 94, 134, 135, 144, 211, 232,
,, Csesar, 571.
Holland, George, 5, 312.
402, 416, 487, 512.
6i4
Index Norn inn in.
Jones, Owine, 322.
Leven, Lady, 516.
Mathews, John, 272.
,, Richard, 14.
Leycock (See Laycock).
Maurice, Luke, 11, 12, 155, 228, 230, 419,
,, Togarmah, 163, 597, 598.
Lilley, Robert, 3.
597, 59.8-.
Joy, Mistress, 217.
Linacre, Thomas, 87.
May, William, 1.
Jurden, Philip, 592.
Lingham, William, 8, 214, 215.
Maynard, Robert, 4.
Keble, George, 535.
Lings, John Benjamin, 15.
Mayne, Owyn, 3, 4.
Keith, Alexander, 349.
Linneus, 512.
Mead, Dr. Richard, 373.
Kellaway, Nicholas, 190, 196, 325, 391,
Lisle, Thomas, 9, 19, 487, 512.
Meath, Bishop of, 472.
493-
Litchfield, Thomas, 10, 150, 222, 563.
Mede, Thomas, 95.
Kellett, Edward, 275, 494.
Littlebury, William, 164, 307, 357.
Medley, Jonathan, 12, 163, 597, 598.
,, Walter, 4, 5.
Loader, Richard A. C., 16.
Meeke, Walter, 493.
,, William, 495.
Locke, William, 517.
Melville, Lord, 516.
Ken, Mathew, 427, 592.
Loe, Laurence, 9, 215, 218, 343, 452.
Meredith, John, 215.
Kent, James, 272, 495.
Lomeline (See Lumley).
Mereston, John, 2.
,, Richard, 3.
Long, William, 14, 483.
Merlawe, Richard, 2.
Kerkby (Kyrkeby, &c), William, 4, 5,
Lookes, Richard, 12, 163.
,, Richard, L.M., 40.
76, 95, 169.
Kerrell, John, 7, 8, 473.
Loup, William, 11.
Meverell, Dr., 367, 405.
Love, Martin, 16.
Mew, John, 26.
Key, Garrett, 325.
Loveday, Mr., 134.
Michel], John, L.M., 43.
Kjdd, William, 5.
Lovell, John Cary, 507.
Middelton, Henry, 11, 357.
Kidder, Thomas, 15, 483.
,, Sir Thomas, 86.
,, Sir Hugh, 404.
King, Bartholomew, 10, 150.
Lovels, Mr., 282.
,, Thomas, 10, 357.
,, James, 15, 351.
Low, Robert, 15, 16.
Miles, William, 354.
,, John, 10.
Lowe. Vincent, 271.
Milliners, Edmund, 4.
Kingman, Thomas, 9.
Lowther, John, 13.
Millington, Anthony, 192.
Kings, William, g, 215, 218, 342, 343,
Lucas, Richard, 3.
Mills, John, 209.
369, 431.
Lufkin, John, 8, 452.
Minikin, George, 10, 221.
Kippax, William, 13, 504.
Lumley, Dominic, 8, 274, 321, 473, 495.
Minn, Thomas, 322.
Kirby, Ralph Smith, 16.
William, 17.
Minto, Earl of, 566.
Knight, Deborah, 569.
I.unne, John, 2.
Misleden, Robert, 4.
,, John, 9, 10, 18, 414, 499, 500,
Lybbe, John, 96.
Mitchell, Joseph, 464, 465.
5I3".
Lyghthed, William, 95.
Molines, James, 8, 210.
Knightly, William, 319, 592.
Lymcocke, Hugh, 5, 6, 95.
Molins, Edward, 217.
Knolles, Thomas, 43.
Lynch, Simon, 11.
,, William, 372.
Knott, John, 4, 69, 70.
Lynche, Walter, 425.
Mollyners, Lawrence, 96.
,, Thomas, 5, 52, 75, 76, 78,99, 169,
Lyon, Anthony, 14, 15.
Mondey, Anthony, 211.
170, 312.
James, 14, 15.
Mone, Thomas, 95.
Moneycock, Richard, 3.
Knowles, Roger, 10.
Lyster, John, 591.
Knox, John, 14.
Lythego, William, 14.
Monforde, James, 5, 83, 90, 503, 506, 507.
Koppisley, Thomas, 68.
Lyving, Nicholas, 3, 4, 68.
Monmouth, Duke of, 515.
Kydd, William, 95.
Maccullock, Peter, 376, 377.
Monmouth, Duke of, 413, 516.
Lamb, David, 14, 504.
Machell, John, 521.
Montagu, Lady Catherine, 561.
,, Richard, 287.
Machin, John, 591.
Montgomery, Viscount, 139.
Lambkin, Thomas, 187, 273, 425.
Machyn, Henry, 100, 102.
Moore, Charles, 12, 13, 465.
Lamyngton, Robert de, 27.
Maderman, Thomas le, 26.
,, Dr. Norman, 88, 537.
Lane, Pascall, 322, 327.
Madocks, John, 9, 220.
Morden, John, 3.
Langford, Henrietta M., 548, 550.
Madox, Thomas, 406.
More, George, 96.
Larden, Richard, 493.
Malmesbury, Earl of, 566.
„ John. 177.
Laud, Archbishop, 129, 130.
Manchester, Earl of, 139, 561.
„ Sir Thomas, 77, 244, 423, 446,
Laugecombe, Sir John de, 26.
Maneringe, Thomas, 591.
. 510. 579* 586.
Laurence, Sir John, 553.
Mangrave, Thomas de, 25, 257.
„ William, 318, 591.
„ Joan, 574.
Mansfield, Anne, 560.
Morgan, Richard, 14, 15.
Law, Thomas, 14.
Mapes, Faith, 214.
Morland, John, 364.
Lawless, Edward, 299, 307.
,, Richard, 7, 193, 201, 206, 214,
Morrey, Robert, 326, 391.
Lawton, Philip, 15, 484.
217, 286, 323, 329,330,365, 387, 429,
Morreyson, William, 4.
Layborne, Roger, 591.
473i 476-
Morrice, Richard, 8, 216.
Laycock, John, 6, 7, 113, 190, 205, 206,
Marcadye, James, 318.
Morris, Mathew, 307.
323, 387> 389. 473* 542, 543, 591.
Maresfield, William, 4.
Morrys, Richard, 271.
Layfleld, William, 10.
Marham, John, 68.
Morryt, John, 273.
Ledes, Robert, 06.
Le Despencer, Baroness, 515.
Markeland, Michael, 21S.
Morton, Nicholas, 4.
Markham, William, 9.
Morys, Richard, 1.
Ledson, Peter, 5gi.
Marks, Richard, 10, 150.
Morysch, John, 2.
Leeson, Robert, 10.
Marney, Sir Henry, 86, 88.
Moss, William, 11.
Legge, William, 2, 3.
Marshall, John, 13.
Mosseley, John, 96.
Leicester, Earl of, 447, 537.
Martell, Dr. Lawrence, 375, 376.
Mostrims, Gefrye, 592.
Lely, Sir Peter, 512.
Martin (Martyn), John, 7, 201, 473, 543,
Mould, Anthony, 340, 341.
Lenthall, Mr., 510.
591-
Mowle, John, 322.
Lethieullier, Sir John, 556.
,, (Martyn), Thomas, 4, 7, 76, 206,
Moy, Mathew, 269.
LethieulHer, Sir Christopher, 556.
208, 323, 386, 390.
Mudesley, Robert, 6, 316, 439, 523.
„ John, 556, 557.
,, Sir John, 10, 19, 221, 558.
,, (Martyn), William, 7, 189, 193,
Mullins, James, 203.
iQ4, 198, 322, 324, 508.
Jarvys, 592.
j, Leonora, 557.
MARY, QUEEN, 88.
Mullyns, John, 4.
,, Letitia, 557.
Marye, James, 297, 298.
MumforrJ. Humphry, 304.
,, Margaret, 567.
Mason, Alexander, 5, 6, 96, 316, 439, 540.
Munday, Anthony, 400.
„ Rachel, 567.
,, John, 6, 16, 527, 529.
Murray, Mr., 512.
,, William, 557, 567.
,, Richard, 546.
Murrell, Henry Edward, 16.
Levelyf, John 1.
Masters, Joseph, 293.
Myddelton (See Middelton).
Leven, Earl, of, 515.
Mathew, Andrew, 322, 429, 473.
Myneyard, Robert, 4-
Index No/uiiiuui.
6iS
Napkin, Hugh, 215.
Payne, Dr. J. F., 569.
Potter, Thomas, 12.
Needier, Samuel, 219.
Pays, Thomas, 95.
Poule, Simon, 2.
Neel, Richard, 529, 530.
Peacock, Oliver, 322.
Powell, Richard, 8, 9, 10, 136, 213, 215,
Negus, Humphry, 12, 155, 163, 597, 598.
„ Sir Stephen, L.M., 195.
318.
,, John, 163, 597, 598.
Pearse, James, 9, 92, 500.
Predey, George, 8.
Nesbitt, Dr. Robert, 375, 376, 377.
Pearson, Francis, 14.
Presson, Edward, 303, 395.
Nevell, Richard, 3, 4.
Pecham, Peter de, 256.
Preston, Achilles, 13.
Newens, Thomas, 283.
Peck, Edward, 322.
Prince, Gilbert, 27.
Newman, John, 8, 95.
,, John, 7, 116, 190, 194, 202, 206,
Proby, Sir Peter, L.M., 532.
W. L., 511.
208, 322, 327, 329, 386, 473, 476,
Proby, Edmund, 534.
Newsom, John, 7, 274, 591.
542, 543-
,, Dame Elizabeth, 534.
Newton, William, 4.
Peel, Sir Robert, 91.
,, Emanuel, 535.
Nkholls, Dr., 561.
Peerson, John, 4, 76.
„ George, 534.
,, Sir Heneage, 534, 535.
,, Dr. Francis, 376, 377.
Pegott, Philip, 96.
,, John, 11, 486.
Peirce, James, 561.
Henry, 534, 535.
Nicoll, Anthony, M.P., 139.
Peirse, William, 13.
,, Peter, 534.
Nicols, Richard, 96.
Pelham, Martyn, 324.
,, Sir Peter, L.M., 7, 19, 395, 396,
Norfolk, Duke of, 86, 447, 579.
Pemarton, Henry, 273.
404, 478.
North, Sir Francis, 145.
Pemberton, Sir Francis, 145.
,, Randolph, 532.
Northall, James, 11.
,, Henry, 5, 95, 169.
,, Walsingham, 535."
Northampton, Countess of, 566.
,, John, 215.
Prujeon, Dr., 367, 370, 371, 372, 509.
„ Earl of, 566.
Pembroke, Earl of, 139.
Prymerose, Serjeant, 326.
„ Marquis of, 447.
Pen, John, 525.
Purchas, John, 2.
Northey, Sir Edward, 150, 224.
Pen, Dorothy, 526.
Pym, John, 139.
Norton, Robert, 303.
„ Elen, 526.
Queldrick, John, 1, 2.
,, Samuel, 13.
„ Elizabeth, 526.
Rabache, Mary, 566.
Norwiche, Sir Robert, 77, 579, 586.
,, Gyles, 526.
Raleigh, Sir W., 107.
Nottingham, Earl of, 145, 194, 197, 198.
,, John, 5, 19, 75, 81, 83, 90, 91, 95.
Ranby, John, 18, 571.
Nourse, Edward, 376.
,, Robert, 525, 526.
Randall, John, 11.
Nurse, Dr., 372.
,, Thomas, 526.
Rankyn, Henry, 6, 7, 184, 285, 590.
Oades, William, 10, 149.
,, William, 527.
Ratsdale, Richard, 292.
Oakley, John, 4.
Pengrove, Daniel, 464, 465.
Raven, John, 95.
,, William, 3, 4, 69, 70.
Penton, Richard, 464, 465.
Rawlins, Robert, 293.
Odwey, John, 591.
Peny, Gyles, 526.
Rawshold, Henry, 96.
Ofeild, Henry, 8.
Pepys, John, 12, 163.
Raylens, Lawrence, 336.
Ogilby, William, 349.
„ Samuel, 92, 143, 373, 412, 413,
Rayney, Roger, 204.
Oliphe, John, 521.
499. 5oo, 552.
Rayson, Samuel, 11.
Oliver, Andrew, 4.
Perkins, John, 9, 136, 452.
Read, Dr. Alexander, 335, 366, 367.
„ Dr., 350, 351.
Perrine, George, 334, 540.
Recherdson, Rev. — , 103.
Olkar, Richard, 425.
Perrott, Abraham, 275, 491, 503.
Reede, Steven, 447.
Orgor, Thomas, 256.
Perse, William, 9, 10.
Reeve, James, 16.
Oseland, Mr., 471, 472.
Pet, Commissioner, 373.
Renex, Abraham, 327, 391.
Oseyld, Henry, 273.
Peterson, Robert, 591.
Repton, Thomas, 305, 306.
Oskyn, John, 96.
Petoe, Marshall, 211, 398.
Rewe, William, 5, 95.
Osneye, William, 1, 402.
Petrol, Gabriel, 271,
Reynell, Richard, 293.
Ostergis, Ralph, L.M., 68.
Petty, William, 12, 155, 228.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 511.
Otherborne, William, 5, 169.
Pewall, William, 3.
RICHARD 11, 28, 29.
Owen, Dr., 377.
PHILIP II, 313.
Richardson, Thomas, 592.
,, Evan, 215.
PHILLIP & MARY, 100.
,, Sir Thomas, 131.
Oxford, Earl of, 514.
Phillipps, John, 592.
Richmond, Duchess of, 512.
Pace, Thomas, 269.
Phillips, Mr., 275, 411.
,, John, 7.
Paeon, John, 1.
Philpott, John, 95.
Rider, Mr., 350.
Paddy, Sir William, 364, 365.
Picton, Henry, 523.
Riley, William, 16.
Page, John, 96.
Pile, Richard, 538.
Ripoult, James, 354.
,, Thomas, 10.
Pilkington, William, 324.
Roades, George, 8, 209.
Painter, Humphry, 0, iS, 215.
Pinchon, John, 2, 3.
,, Richard, 210. 1
Palatine, Prince Elector, 137, 488.
Pinder, John, 8, 209, 215, 369, 396.
Roberts, William, 12, 13, 163.
Pallet, William, 3.
Pinke, John, 10, 150, 221.
Robertson, John, 4, 71.
Robinson, George, 3.
Palmer,- Robert, 3.
Pinsent, Mr., 350.
Papps, John, 14.
Pitcher, James Henry, 16, 17.
,, John, 6, 96.
Papworth, John, 3.
Pitts, George, 473.
,, Steven, 317.
Paradice, John, 319, 427, 591.
Plackett, Hewe, 319.
,, Thomas, 263.
Paris, Humphry, 6.
,, Samuel, 13.'
,, William, 15.
Parke, Edward, 184, 187, 273, 282, 316,
Pleahill, William, 10, 149.
Robson, John, 493.
317, 425, 426.
Plumtiee, Dr. Henry, 374.
Rochford, Lord, 86.
Parker, Edward, 13.
Pole, Mr., 282.
Rockingham, Marquess of, 534.
,, John, 2.
Pollexfen, Mr., 411.
Rodergo, Leonardo, 313.
,, Lord Chief Justice, 417.
Pollet, William, 3.
Rodes, Edward, 7, 116, 204, 206, 3S1,
,, William, 11, 155, 163, 228, 597, 598.
Pope, Pierce, 2.
386, 390, 473.
Parkins, Thomas, 3.
Popham, Sir John, 116, 121.
,, Raphe, 591.
Parsons, Ralph, 272.
Porter, John, 2, 3, 566.
Rogers, John, 13.
Partridge, Martin, 270.
„ Peter, 7, 8.
,, Lawrence, 3.
Pasck, Alice, 555.
Portland, Earl of, 131.
,, Lewis, 7, 531.
„ John, D.D., 555-
Postle, Robert, 5, 95, 169, 170, 177.
,, Richard, 303.
Paterson, John, 13, 164, 165, 231, 289,
Potter, Edward, 4, 5.
Rogiers, Richard, 96.
296, 297, 511.
,, James, 13.
Rolf, Simon, 2, 41.
Patten, Henry, 15.
11 John, 5, 95.
Rollesley, Edward, 96.
Patterson, Henry 1 9&
„ Philip, 3.
Rooke, Roger, 2.
6i6
Index Nomiiiimi.
Roote, John, 2.
Shirlock, Mr. 493.
Stocdale, Robert, 95.
Rosse, Thomas. 515.
Shoppee, Charles John. 16, 135, 144,
Stock, William, 13.
Rossington, Henry, 10.
43i» 5°7-
Stockdale, Thomas, 5, 99, 169,
170.
Rous, Mary, 553.
Shott, John, 11, 228.
Stocks, John, 527.
Rowdon, Francis, 289, 290, 291, 292, 323,
Shrene, John, 95.
Stone, Edward, 16.
382.
Shryffe, John, 170, 591.
Storer, Mr., 189.
Rowe, Peter, 558.
Simpson, Nicholas, 5, 19, 82, 89, 95.
Storye, Richard, 318, 591.
Rowland, Alexander, 15, 16, 237.
Simpson, Robert, 5.
Stower, Mr., 383.
Stranguishe, Henry, 591.
,, Humphrey, 188.
Sipnam, William, 61.
Rowley, Raphe, 321.
Sisson, Thomas, 564.
Struge, John, 2, 432.
Rowney, Thomas, 14.
Sisterton, Dr., 375.
Studdis, Robert, 3.
Ruff, Edward, 16.
Skair, Thomas, 523.
Studesburie, John, 591.
Ruffiniac, Dr. Guy, 376.
Skelton, Eustace, 326.
Stutfeyld, Edward, 325.
Russell, George, 13.
„ William; 358.
Succa, John Baptista, 332.
„ John, 324.
Skinner, Ephraim, 558.
Suddenham, Richard, 3.
Ruston, William, 17, 504.
Skinner, Ann, 559.
Surbut, John, 96, 281.
Rutland, Earl of, 515.
,, John, 5.
,, Thomas, 5, 95.
Rutter, Samuel, 12, 163, 232, 597, 598.
„ Ephraim, 487, 513, 555.
Suthwerk, John de, 25.
Rutty, Dr. William, 374, 375.
Skipper, Peter, 14, 484.
Sutton, Thomas, 5, 95.
Ry craft, Francis, 473.
Skynner, Roger, 96.
Swaine, William, 6.
Ryggewyk, William, 2.
Slade, William, 13, 314, 511.
Swain^ton, John, 16.
Ryley, William, 128.
Slee, John, 14.
Swaldell, Christopher, 6, 7, 107
, 184, 590,
Rymmer, William, 9.
Slight, Alexander, 3.
592. 593-
Sadler, George, 15.
St. George, Sir William, 401.
Small, Mr., 349.
Swan, Charles, 14.
Smarthwaite, John, 6, 96, 102.
Swayne, Robert, 324.
,, Henry, 441.
Smedley, Ann, 563.
Swedenham, Richard, 68.
Sainthill, Mr., 155.
Smith, Edward Grose, 15, 235, 298.
Swift, Dean, 564.
Salaman, Nathan, 17.
,, Henley, 16, 298.
Swithin, Richard, 12, 163, 597
598.
Salisbury, Dr. Douglas, Bp. of, 570.
,, Henley Grose, 298.
Syddon, William, 292.
Sallis, Henry, 16.
„ Henry, 447, 590.
Sygans, Richard, 527.
,, William, 15.
,, John, 5, 169, 303, 591.
Symmonds, Joshua, 376.
Salmond, Christopher, 5, 83, 92, 95, 96.
,, Dr. John, 69, 70.
Symonds, Thomas, 10.
Samborne, Richard, 274.
,, Katherine, 538.
Symons, Thomas, 271.
Sambroke, Davy, 95.
,, Peter, 305, 344, 411, 412, 413, 414.
Sympson, William, 591.
Sambrook, Daniel, 5.
,, Richard, 591.
Symsyn, William, 96.
Sambrooke, Elizabeth, 560.
,, Sir Thomas, 125.
Syward, John, 257.
,, Sir Jeremy, 560.
,, William, 11, 225, 226, 307.
Tatham, John, 552.
„ Samuel, 215, 560.
Smyth, Neste, 326.
Tavernor, William, 272.
Sandale, Sir John de, 26.
Smythe, John, 5, 95, 170, 312.
Tayler, John, 4, 68.
Sanderson, Robert, 10.
„ Richard, 96.
,, Richard, 4, 5, 95.
Sandford, Bryan, 65, 161.
,, William, 95.
Taylour, William, 378, 529.
,, Joseph, 12.
Snadenham, Richard, 2.
Terne, Dr. Christopher, 373.
Saule, James, 592.
Snelling, Francis, 16.
Terrill, Robert, 215.
Saunders, Edward, 317.
Soare, Francis, 337.
Terry, Elizabeth, 574.
,, John, 3.
,, Edward, 406.
Tettisbury, Baldwin, 41.
Saunderson, Richard, 591.
Sommers, John, 4.
Theobald, James, 12, 163, 233.
Sawyer, Sir Robert, 145.
Sotherton, John, 9.
,, Peter, 12, 163.
Sax, John Jacob, 354.
Southcott, John, 521.
Thickness, Ralph, 9.
Sax ton, Peter, 273.
Southnam, Richard, 3.
Tholmwood, John, 95, 170.
Say and Seale, Lord, 139.
Spackman, Anthony, 591.
,, Richard, 5, 6, 95,
186.
Scarborough, Sir Charles, 372, 407, 487,
Speight, James, 14.
,, Thomas, 384.
510, 512.
Spencer, Nicholas, 528.
Thompson, Robert, 322.
Scarlett, Sir James, 467.
;, William, 95.
,, Thomas, 14.
,, Robert, 3, 4.
Spicer, Dr., 341.
Thomlyn, William, 178.
Scawin, Mr., 141.
Springet, John, 3.
Thorn, Warman, 15.
Scoloker, Elizabeth, 192.
Sprignall, Richard, 6, 7, 192, 543, 590.
Thornbury, John, 61.
SCOTS, Mary Queen of, 514.
,, Robert, 5, 95, 169, 493.
,, Richard, 61.
Scott, James, 3, 4, 13, 68.
Spurling, John, 350.
Walter, 61.
,, Robert, 3.
Squior, Edward, 272.
Thornebury, Richard, 8, 248.
Scripe, Roger, 2, 3.
Stagg, William, 13.
Thorney, Peter, 539.
Scroggs, Sir William, 411.
Stambrooke, John, 10.
Thornev, Thomas, 538.
Scrooby, Robert, 12, 163, 597, 598.
Stamford, Charles, 9, 215, 343, 574.
Thorney, Ann, 540.
Scultinge, Cezar, 326.
,, Elizabeth, 574.
,, Annie, 539.
Sedgwick, George, 591.
Stanbridge, Thomas, 96.
,, Elizabeth, 540.
,, Tobias, 9.
Standon, John, 6, 439.
„ Peter, 209, 334,493,
538, 539-
Selborne, Lord, 445.
Stanton, John, 3.
,, Thomas, 7, 193, 194,
206, 286,
Selbye, Richard, 316.
Staple, John, 364, 425.
322, 324, 329, 334, 473,-
493, 539,
Sermont, Richard, 4, 95.
Staynton, Thomas, 95.
54°, 544, 591-
,, Walter, 538.
Sewell, William, 96.
Stek, Ralph, 95.
SEYMOUR, Queen Jane, 87.
Stere, John, 96.
Thorold, Edmund, 10.
Shakespear, William, 233.
Stevenson, George, 417.
Thorpe, Mr., 372.
Sharpe, Rev. — , 218.
Steward, Robert, 322, 428.
Thrift, John, 358, 421.
Sheene, Roger, 4.
Stewart, Sir William, L.M., 562,
Thwaites, Edward, 564.
Sheeres, Thomas, 326.
Stewart, Daniel, 15.
Tillett, William, 12, 13.
Shepey, John, 1.
,, Neil, 159.
Tilley {See Tylley).
Sherborn, William, 5, 95.
„ Sir William, L.M., 19.
Tomlinson, Thomas, 215, 219.
Shiplake, William, 2.
„ Dr. 374.
Tompkins, Richard, 217.
Shireff, John, 528.
Stimson, Thomas, 14.
Toms, Christopher, 11.
Index Nomimiin.
6ij
Toinpson (Tomson), James, 5,
95-
Wanlon, Thomas, 377.
Wilson, Richard, 302.
i) ii John, 95.
Ward (Warde), Hugh, 212, 21s.
,, Robert, 527.
Tottye, Henry, 591.
,, John, 8, 134.
„ Thomas, 05.
Tounnyage, John, 3.
Sir John, L.M., 565.
Wilt, John, 14.
Trengye, Galfridus de, 256.
Ward and Tumor, 591.
Winch, Humphry, 547.
Tresswell, Mr., 400, 404.
Waren, Thomas, 543.
Winchester, Walter, Bishop of,
257-
Trevellion, Thomas, 8, 2j |
Warhani] Archbishop, 87.
Window, Charles, 306, 417, 421
Trevor, Sir John, 150.
Warren, John, 6, 96, 101.
Windsor, Lord, 515.
Trewise, William, 95.
Thomas, 7, 95, 282, 283, 591.
Windsor, Sir Andrew, 86.
Trottman, Secondary, 408.
Warwick, Earl of, 533.
,, Lady, 200, 515.
Truelove, John, 12, 155, 163,
463* 597.
,, John, 2.
,, Lord, 367, 452.
598.
Waterford, Robert, 5,95, 169.
Windsor-Hickman, Thomas, 51
5-
Tuke, Brian, 86, 87.
Waterhouse, Edward, 8.
Wisdom, Dr. G-, ^24.
Turner, Cressens, 292.
Wateson, Henry 8, 136, 452, 509.
Wise ( Wyse), William, 316, 318,
427, 590.
,, Daniel, 349.
,, Richard, 8, 136, 139, 140, 141.
Wiseman, Richard, 0, 18.
,, Richard, 292, 293, 52s
215, 367. 452.
Wisto (Sec WystoJ.
„ Thomas, 9, 136, 452, 527, 52S.
Watson, Thomas, 324.
Wiston, Richard, 177.
Twinch, William, 15.
,, William, 9, 215, 342, 343.
Withers, Laurence, 521.
Twynne, Thomas, 4, 5, 95.
Watkins, William, u, 306, 307.
Wolcock, Anthony, 591.
Tybbald, John, 591.
Watts, Dr., 376.
Wollaston, Sir John, 405.
Tylley, Henry. 4-
„ John, 12.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 86, 87.
„ William, 5, 83, 92, 169
170.
Wayte, Thomas, 7, 591.
Wood, James, 5, 6, 96, 101, 308
424.
Tymber, John, 95.
Waystbe, John, 2.
Joseph, 12.
Tymes, Arnold, 176.
Webb, Roger, 2.
Richard, 6, 7, 192, 194,
201, 206,
Tyrell, Edmond, 95.
Welfed, William, 96.
322, 324, 329, 387, 388, 543
. 59* •
Tyson, Dr. E., 345, 373, 419, 487, 511.
Wells, John, 307.
,, Richard, jun., 274.
Udall, John, 265, 391, 473.
,, Joseph, 14, 307.
,, Robert, 286, 591.
Ude, Richard, 4.
,, Thomas, 315.
,, Thomas William, 16.
Upton, Richard, 6, 426.
Wellys, Richard, 2, 41.
,, William, 298, 504.
Urle, John, 2.
Wench, Thomas, 5.
Woodall, John, 8, 136, 334, 336
367.
Urse, John, 2.
Wengrave, John de, 24.
,, Thomas, 372.
Vale, William, 15.
Went, Richard, 4.
Woodde, Mr. Justice, 3S3.
„ William, jun., 15.
Wenyard, George, 96.
Woodfall, William, 425.
Vanderlatch, Bartholomew, 33
, 494, 495.
West, John, 6, 96, 170, 177, 424.
Woodhouse, William, 2.
Vandyke, Sir A., 512.
W -.->t brook e, Robert, 9.
Woodward, Mr., 345.
Van Otten, James, 324, 325.
Western, Abraham, 16.
,, Edward, 11, 12.
Vaughan, George, 6, 96, 185,
188, 440,
Weston, Lawrence de, 1, 27, 35, 36.
,, John, 4, 37S.
495. 5'9. 523-
,, Margaret de, 27.
Woollet, Richard^ 345.
Veare, Thomas, 7, 206, 305, 41
3-
Wetyngton, William, 95.
Woolley, Benjamin, 16, 17.
Venar, Richard, 314, 523.
Wevir, Robert, 96.
Worcester, Earl of, 515.
Veriar, George, 13.
Weymouth, Lord, 563.
Worrall, Daniel, 372.
Vicarv, Thomas, 522.
Wharton, Thomas, 15.
Worseley, Thomas, 95.
Vicary, Thomas, 4, 5, 6, 18,
80, 81, 82,
Wheatley, Andrew, 8, 274, 393.
,, Richard, 96.
88, 95, 101, 169, 312
3*3* 492,
Wheeler, John, 12, 295.
Worton, Thomas, 16.
493. 520, 523.
„ Joseph, 159, 164, 295, 296, 359,
Worts, John, 10.
,, Stephen, 523.
360.
Wotton, Henry, 96.
,, William, 522, ■
Wheelis, Henry, 271.
Wottone, Nicholas, L.M., 41.
Villiers, Edward, 555.
Whetelye, John, 591.
Wright, Dr., 370.
Vivian, Thomas, 96.
Whiston (Bookseller), 231, 232, 419.
,, Serjeant, 149.
Wadsworth, Dr. Thomas, 373,
374-
White, Clement, 328.
,, Thomas, 213.
Wagstaflfe, Dr. William, 374, ;
7?-
William D., 16.
,, William, 196, 199, 329,
330. 394-
Waite, Henry, 15.
Whitebred, William, 3.
Wyborde, Nicholas, 315.
,, John, 16.
Wainwright, Richard, 1 ^.
Whitehead, George, 15.
Wye, William, 591.
Whitgift, Archbishop, 332.
Wyfold, Nicholas, L.M., 44.
Wakeley, John, 2.
Whiting, George, 16.
Wyght, Charles, 5, 95.
Walch, Edward, 3-
,, John, 12, 163.
Wylde, Sir William, 410.
Walderne, Sir William, L.M.,
42. 43-
Whittingham, Thomas, 5, 6, 96, 101.
Wyllet, John, 282, 283.
Wale, John, 2.
Whyctmore, Nicholas, 282.
Wyndesore, John de, 256.
Wales, Henry, Prince of, 123,
515-
Whyte, Charles, 377.
Wyndet, John, 429.
Waleys, Thomas, 432.
Wichells, Henry, 13.
Wynton, John de, 27.
Walgrave, John, 332.
Wilbraham, Mr., in, 325, 385.
,, Agnes de, 27.
Walker, Sir Edward, <^4.
Wilding, John, 13.
,, Alice de, 27.
„ William, 8.
Wilkin, Walter Henry, 572.
,, Joan de, 27.
Wall, James, 10, 150.
Wilkin, David, 572.
Wysdome, John, 528.
„ _ John, 425.
,, Walter Henry, 17, 19, 507.
Wysto, Richard, 6, 185, 426.
Wallis, Thomas, 2, 3.
Wilkinson, John, 2.
Yates, John, 6, 187, 316.
Wallop, Sir Henry, 538.
WILLIAM III, 516.
Venson, William, 95.
Walpole, Sir Robert, 419.
Willot, Thomas, 2, 3, 432.
York, Duke of, 409, 500.
Walsall, James, 215.
Wills, fonas, 305, 344, 414-
,, Nicholas, Archbishop of,
101.
Walsh, Edmund, 3.
Wilmott. Dr. E., 375.
Young, Austin Travers, 94.
Waltham, Hugh de, 25.
Wilson, Frederick, 16.
,, Henry'. 95-
Walton, Christopher, 473.
,, Henry, 271.
,, John, 5, 95, 169.
,, Thomas, 3.
John, 3, 68.
,, Reginald, 3.
,, William, 6, 96.
Joseph, 17.
,, Robert, 275.
Walwyn, Robert, 591.
Olyver. 96. 176, 289.
Sidney, 432. 314
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