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3 1833 03640 7788
GENEALOGY
974.302
B75C
ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
I /
^iC^Jow-Jc^A/ /W-<e^v^^^^^^
Annals of Brattleboro
1681-1895
Compiled and Edited by
Mary R. Cabot
With Many Illustrations
God gave all men all earth to love,
But since our hearts are small,
Ordained for each one spot should prove
Beloved over all.
— R. Kipling
In Two Volumes
Volume II
Brattleboro, Vermont
Press of E. L. Hildreth & Co.
1922
Copyright, 1922,
By Mary R. Cabot.
1162736
CONTENTS
/^
^
FOURTH PERIOD
■^, WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE— THE ESTEY ORGAN—
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
\J 1844-1861
PACE
Cj
^ Chapter L. The Wesselhoeft Water-Cure .... 563
■•") Wesselhoeft Water-Cure. Doctor Robert Wesselhoeft— Doctor Wilhehn
I'O Wesselhoeft (William H. Klinge) — John H. Gray— Wesselhoeft Water-
Cure — Letter from Doctor Wesselhoeft to Horace Greeley setting forth
! the advantages of location — Buildings — Paths along the Whetstone — Doctor
j. Charles W. Grau — First doctor's prescription in Brattleboro — Rules and
regulations — Process of cure — Amusements — Christian F. Schuster, musi-
'■''-' cian — Southern guests — Death of Doctor Wesselhoeft — Children — Published
'\ works.
Lawrence Water-Cure. Bayard H. Clark — William H. Klinge — Emil Apfel-
V; baum— Doctor Grau— C. R. Blackall— William Wier— "The Lawrence" as
a summer hotel, Mr. Apfelbaum and Ernest HeiTe, proprietors — Both "Cold
-' Water" establishments sold to Theodore Cole, Parker B. Francis and Leroy
Salisbury — Mr. Francis proprietor of the "Wesselhoeft House" — Fanny
.»'^'^ Fern's praise of Brattleboro drives — Bliss Farm — Scott Farm — Boating —
\ \ List of guests — The Lawrence made into tenement houses by S. W. Kimball
^. — Henry B. Duclos — Mrs. Duclos — Their animals — Letter "from Miss Far-
^ ley, December 12, 1890.
The Traveling Musician. Alonzo W. Hines — Lewis Higgins — Musical organi-
zations.
5S1
Chapter LI. Guests of the Water-Cure Who Became Resi-
dents ..........
Guests of the Water-Cure who became residents — General Simon B. Buckner
— John Stoddard — Captain Henry Devens — William H. Fuller — Joseph N.
Balesticr — James Dalton — Azor Marshall — Professor Elie CharUer.
Mrs. Richard Howland — Miss Martha Howland — The Howland School.
Chapter LII. The East Village 595
The East Village in 1844 — The paper mill — The Vermont Savings Bank.
vi CONTENTS
PAGE
Chapter LIII. The Semi-Weekly Eagle .... 602
The Semi-Weekly Eagle — Broughton D. Harris, William B. Hale, editors —
Notes from the Eagle of the Brattleboro Thief Detecting Society — The
Brattleboro Shade Tree Association.
Chapter LIV. The Post Office ...... 605
The Post Office. Major Henry Smith, General Franklin H. Fessenden, Sam-
uel Dutton, Asher Spencer, George Kellogg, Daniel Kellogg, Junior, Ran-
slure W. Clarke, Charles H. Mansur, Frederick W. Childs, postmasters.
The Brattleboro stamp — Frederick N. Palmer.
Chapter LV. Hotels 607
The Revere House, built by James Fisk in 1849 — Henry Field, Asa W. Sander-
son, J. J. Crandall, Edwin H. Chase, Colonel H. P. Vanbibber, Henry C.
Nash, Fred B. Thompson, George R. Gushing, O. F. and M. K. Knowlton,
Stevens, L. H. Crosby, George A. Boyden, Henry Harris, proprietors.
The Brattleborough House, 1850-1861 (The Central House)— Liberty Rice,
Colonel Paul Chase, Lemuel Whitney & Company, William C. Perry,
Charles G. Lawrence, proprietors.
Stage-Drivers : Elliot Swan, Sylvanus Wood — John L. Ray's livery stable.
Chapter LVI. The Coming of the Railroad — Formal Opening 611
Chapter LVII. First Telegraphy. James H. Capen, Junior,
Welcome I. Capen ........ 615
Chapter LVIII. The First News Agency . . . . 619
The First News Agency, established by Edward J. Carpenter — The Brattle-
boro Book Club — The New Book Club.
Chapter LIX. The Medical Profession ..... 6'33
Doctor T. B. Kittredge — Doctor Charles W. Grau, Doctors Loewenthal and
Carley, Doctor C. R. Blackall, Doctor George P. Wesselhoeft, Hydro-
pathists — Doctor J. P. Warren, Doctor James G. Murphy, Doctor E. C.
Cross, Doctor Charles W. Horton, Doctor George F. Gale, Doctor J. H.
Stedman — Doctors Ezekiel and George H. Morrill, Homeopathists — Doctor
S. W. Bowles.
Chapter LX. Organ Manufacture . . . . . 635
Organ Manufacture — Samuel H. Jones — Joseph L. Jones — Riley Burdett —
S. H. Jones & Company— Jones & Burdett — John Woodbury — Austin K.
Jones — Jacob Estey — E. B. Carpenter & Company — Isaac Hines & Com-
pany— Jones, Carpenter & Woods — Silas M. Waite — J. Estey & Company —
R. Burdett & Company — Burdett inventions — Elmer Bliss — Burdett Organ
Company, Chicago.
CONTENTS v;;
PAGE
Chapter LXI. Jacob Estey .... q^i
Honorable Jacob Estey. The Estey Organ. General Julius Estey-Colonel
J. Gray Estey— J. Harry Estey.
Chapter LXII. Skilled Mechanics
John Gore — Edwin Putnam.
640
643
646
649
Chapter LXIII. The Town Hall. Agricultural Exhibition
ON THE Muster Field ....
Chapter LXIV. St. Michael's Episcopal Church. List of
Clergy ■•-...
Chapter LXV. St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church .
St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church. Priests-Young Ladies' Sodality-St
Michael's Parochial School— Sisters of St. Joseph.
Chapter LXVI. The Windham County Bank, 1856 . 653
June 30, 1864, The First National Bank.
Chapter LXVII. The Howe Photograph Gallery . . 654
The Howe Photograph Gallery— Caleb L. Howe (J. L. Lovell)— John C.
Howe — Howe family.
Chapter LXVIII. Private Schools 6.5S
Private Schools— The Melrose Seminary— Fremont School for Young Ladies
Reverend Addison Brown-Select School for Young Ladies, Miss Sarah
Hunt— Elm Hall, Mrs. Lucy M. Chase— Burnside Military School Colonel
_ Charles Appleton Miles-New Brattleborough Academy-Glenwood Ladies'
Seminary, Hiram Orcutt-Laneside Boarding School for Young Ladies,
Miss Louisa A. Barber.
Chapter LXIX. Biographical Sketches . . . .670
Biographical Sketches— Pratt family (Wheeler & Pratt)— D. Stewart Pratt—
Alfred H, Wright-Oscar J. Pratt— Oscar D. Esterbrook— Silas M. Waite,
the Organ Case— The Vernon cannon— Frederick A. Nash— Charles C
Waite-Bethuel Ranger-Charles F. Thompson— Reverend James Herrick
—Draper family: Reverend George B. Draper, William H. Draper, M.D.,
Francis E. Draper. Francis Goodhue, II— Honorable Broughton D. Harris
—Fred H. Harris— Charles A. Harris— Honorable Ranslure W. Clarke-
Timothy Vinton— William F. Richardson— Isaac N. Thorn— Barna A
Clark— Edward Crosby— Crosby family (Charles B. Rice, Leroy F Adams
C. W. Wyman, Edward C. Crosby)-John J. Retting-William Alonzo
Hopkins— Davenport & Mansur : Alonzo C. Davenport, Charles H. Mansur
Philip Wells— William S. Newton— Honorable George Howe (George E
Howe)-Judge Daniel Kellogg-Kellogg family (Judge Asa O. Aldis
viii CONTENTS
PAGE
Henry A. Willard) — John Burnham — Henry Burnham— Burnham family —
Larkin G. Mead, Junior — The Snow Angel — William Ruthcrfurd Mead —
William Morris Hunt — Richard Morris Hunt — Colonel Leavitt Hunt —
Bradley family continued: William C, II — S. Rowe — Richards Bradley —
Arthur C. (Richards M. — J. Dorr). Walker family: Reverend Charles
Walker— Stephen A. Walker— Reverend George Leon Walker (Professor
Williston Walker)— Henry F. Walker, M.D. Norman F. Cabot (William
Brooks Cabot) — Honorable George W. Folsom — Honorable Hampden Cutts
— Miss Mary Cutts — George Chandler Hall — Honorable Charles Kellogg
Field — Thomas Thompson — Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson — Item of Thompson
will.
FIFTH PERIOD
THE CIVIL WAR— ORGANIZATION, INDUSTRIAL,
PHILANTHROPIC AND SOCIAL
1861-1895
Chapter LXX. The Civil War 761
The Civil War — First Regiment of Vermont Volunteers — Captain John W.
Phelps — Enlistment of first company to go from Brattleboro — Lists of
officers and men — Record of Captain Edward A. Todd — Major Elijah
Wales — George M. Colt — Benjamin F. Davis — Charles B. Rice — Fred W.
Simonds— Silas W. Richardson — George F. Britton — James Everett Alden
— George W. Hooker — Herbert E. Taylor — Isaac K. Allen — Captain Ed-
ward Carter— Benjamin R. Jenne— Wallace Pratt— William C. Holbrook—
Frank H. Emerson — George E. Selleck — Robert G. Hardie — Major David
W. Lewis — Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings — Captain Robert B. Arms — John
M. Joy — Major George H. Bond — Henry C. Streeter — Lorenzo D. Keyes —
Almon B. Gibbs — Luke Ferriter, detailed to execute sentence on William
Scott. Casualties, J. Warren Hyde — Lieutenant-Colonel John Steele Tyler
— Lieutenant-Colonel Addison Brown.
Officers and Soldiers from Brattleboro, 1861-1865. Alonzo Granville Draper
— The Military Hospital — Memorial stone — War relief.
Chapter LXXI. Goternor Frederick Holbrook . . . 788
Chapter LXXII. General John W. Phelps . . . .797
General John W. Phelps. Emancipation Proclamation — Tribute to General
Phelps from General Rush W. Hawkins— Mrs. Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps.
Chapter LXXIII. Further War Records .... 808
Further Records. Colonel William Austlne — Colonel William Cune Holbrook
—Colonel Herbert Edward Taylor— Colonel George White Hooker-
Colonel Nathaniel C. Sawyer— Doctor George F. Gale — Doctor Charles P.
Prost — Doctor Benjamin Ketchum — Colonel John Hunt — George E. Greene.
The Na\-y — Commodore Theodore P. Greene.
CONTENTS ix
PAGE
Chapter LXXIV. The Big Flood of April, 18G-i . . . 823
Chapter LXXV. The High School 825
The High School. Benjamin Franklin Bingham— Assistant teachers— Later
principals — Alumni Association.
Chapter LXXVI. The Lyceum 829
Chapter LXXVII. Vermont Record and Farmer . . . 832
Vermont Record and Farmer. Daniel L. Milliken— Henry M. Burt, "Attrac-
tions of Brattlcboro"— Reverend Mr. Ketchum— George E. Crowell— E. P.
Ackerman— C. Horace Hubbard— F. D. Cobleigh— J. M. Tyler— Reverend
Augustus Chandler (Reverend Joseph Chandler— Reverend John Chandler).
Chapter LXXVIII. After the War 834
Chapter LXXIX. The Household — George E. Crowell—
Crowell Water Works 841
Chapter LXXX. A Flood of the Whetstone . . . .844
Chapter LXXXI. Fire Department— The Great Fire of 1869 847
853
Chapter LXXXH. Development of Job Printing and Pub-
lishing ........••
Development of job printing and publishing. George Eaton Selleck. The
Brattleboro Times— Edward Bushnell— Daniel Selleck— L. L. Davis. Fred-
erick C. Edwards— George H. Salisbury. The Tramp Printer, T. P. James
—'The Mystery of Edwin Drood"— Edwin L. Hildreth & Company— Mrs.
Esther T. Housh— Woman at Work— Edward Bushnell— The Leisure Hour
— Charles Spencer — The Brattleboro Evening Times.
Chapter LXXXni. Industries— Banks 860
Industries. Brattleboro Woolen Mills— Sewing machines, 1859 to 1882—
Knitting-machine needles, J. B. Randoll, 1876 — Furniture, 1865-1873 — Cigar
industry, John D. Roess, 1869— Stencil dies, S. ^L Spenser, E. M. Douglas-
First gas house, Brattleboro Gaslight Company— Organ reeds, J. D. Whit-
ney & Son, 1876— Baby carriages, Smith & Hunt, 1873- Children's toys,
S. A. Smith & Company, 1889— Brattleboro Furniture Company— E. P. Car-
penter Organ Factory — Corser & Hidden, overalls, 1890.
Banks. Brattleboro Savings Bank — Peoples National Bank.
Chapter LXXXIV. Organizations, Philanthropic and Social 868
Organizations. Philanthropic and social — Freedman's Aid Association, 1867 —
Windham County Suffrage Association, 1870— Anti-Monopoly and Equal
X ■ CONTENTS
PAGE
Taxation, 1874 — Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1877 —
Brattleboro Liberal Association, 1877— Professional Club, 1879 : presidents,
subjects discussed— Woman's Relief Corps, 1885 — Windham County Lodge
of Free and Accepted Anti-Masons, 1887 — Village Improvement Society,
1886— Woman's Educational and Industrial Union, 1889— Natural History :
Society, 1888— Associated Charities, 1892— Home for the Aged and Disabled
— Daughters of the American Revolution, 1893. ,
Temperance and Profanity— Brattleboro Temperance Society, 1866 — Good |
Samaritan Society, 1870— Sacred Pledge, 1875— St. Michael's Temperance |
and Benevolent Society — Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1877 — |
Juvenile Total Abstinence Society, 1880. |
Young Men's Christian Association. J
Chapter LXXX\'. Protective Grange — Farmers' and Me-
chanics' Exchange ........ 876
Chapter LXXXVI. The Estey Guard— Fuller Battery . .878
■
Chapter LXXXVII. Musical Organiz.a.tioxs .... 880 \
Musical Organizations. Brattleboro Orchestra— Choral Union — First Regi- '.
ment Band — Philharmonic Society.
>
Chapter LXXXVIII. Brattleboro Clubs and Associations . 884 I
Brattleboro Clubs. Forest and Stream, 1875— Brattleboro Bicycle Club— ^
Vermont Wheel Club, 1885- Windham County Park Association— New
England and Vermont State Fair of 1866 — Valley Fair Association, 1886 —
Valley Fair parade of 189-4— Board of Trade, 1887— Order of Red Men,
1888— New England Trout and Salmon Club, 1889.
Chapter LXXXIX. The Brick Church in West Brattleboro 891
Brick Church in West Brattleboro— Purchased from Universalists by Estey
& Company— CIerg>-— Salvation Army, 1885— Swedish Lutheran Church,
1894— Advent Church, 1896.
Chapter XC. The Reformer 893
The Reformer. Charles N. Davenport— Charles H. Davenport— E. H. Crane.
The Vermont Printing Company— Brattleboro Daily Reformer.
Chapter XCI. The Brooks House— Brooks Library . . 895
The Brooks House— The Brooks Library— George Jones Brooks. Mrs. Kirk-
land's House.
Chapter XCII. The Post Office 902
The Post Office, 1886. Free Delivery— Carriers— Doctor Daniel P. Webster-
Colonel Herbert Taylor— Colonel Kittredge Haskins- Michael Moran—
CONTENTS • xi
PAGE
Charles W. Wilcox, assistant postmaster fifty-one years — The Listing De-
partment.
Road to Wantastiquet — Wells Fountain, 1890.
Chapter XCIII. Windham County Politics. (By Honorable
Kittredge Haskins) 906
Chapter XCIV. Governor Levi Knight Fuller . . . 909
Chapter XCV. Biographical Sketches ..... 912
Physicians. Biographical. Honorable James M. Tyler — Honorable Kittredge
Haskins — Henry C. Willard — Peleg Barrows — Reverend Lewis Grout —
Reverend Allan D. Brown, LL.D. — Francis W. Brooks — Doctor David P.
Dearborn — Henry D. Holton, M.D. Davenport family: Charles N. Daven-
port— Charles H. Davenport — Herbert J. Davenport. The Childs family :
Walter H. Childs— Rollin S. Childs— Major Frederick W. Childs. William
H. Rockwell, Junior — Miss Helen M. French — "Sally Joy White" — Madame
Georgianna Mondan — Franklin H. Sawyer (Doctor Charles E. Severance)
— Mary E. Wilkins — Lieutenant-Commander George W. Tyler — Newton L
Hawley — Joseph Draper, M.D. — Reverend Charles H. Merrill — Honorable
Parley Starr — Jonathan G. Eddy — Honorable Edgar W. Stoddard — James
Conland, M.D. — Reverend William H. Collins — Honorable Dorman B.
Eaton — Judge George Shea — Reverend Samuel M. Crothers — Reverend
George B. Gow — -Judge James L. Martin — Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler — Doctor
Daniel P. Webster — Reverend Charles O. Day — ^Reverend James H. Babbitt
— Judge Eleazer L. Waterman — William Eaton Foster — Robert Gordon
Hardie, Junior — Oscar A. Marshall — Russell A. Bigelow — Doctor William
Bullock Clark — Frederick Holbrook, H — Wolcott Balestier — Rudyard Kip-
ling—Wilford H. Brackett— Clarke C. Fitts— Ora E. Butterfield— Professor
Starr Willard Cutting — Mary Howe — Madame Brazzi-Pratt.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Governor Holbrook, 1861-1863 .
Doctor Robert Wesselhoeft, Wife and Daughter
Wesselhoeft VVater-Cure, 1845 .
Lawrence Water-Cure ....
Map of Brattleboro and Vicinity
Showing Aqueduct and Gardiner Paths along Whetstone
Brook.
Christian F. Schuster ......
Cornet Band ........
Left to right : Lewis Higgins, Ambrose Knapp, Frank Bas-
sett, George Tolle, George Clark, Horace Meacham, Ira Bur-
nett, unidentified, Charles Dickinson, Albertus Smith, Harry
Rowe, Charles Stewart, Ben Perry, Herbert Evans, Albert
Rogers.
Charles N. Davenport ......
Richardson Brothers ......
Standing : John H., Charles J., William F., Fred G. Seated :
A. J., Oscar W.
Brown's Woods. Whipple Street. Flat Street .
Residence of John Stoddard .....
Richard Upjohn, architect. Captain Henry Devens second
owner and resident.
Henry Clark ....
William P. Cune
D. Stewart Pratt
Residence of Norman F. Cabot
Residence of Mrs. John Wells .
Residence of Doctor Higginson
Built in 1834 by Asa Green, from whom the name Green
Street. Doctor Francis J. Higginson lived here from 1842 to
1866, when sold to Doctor O. R. Post.
Frontispiece
facing page 564
" 564
" 565
on " 568
facing " 584
" 584
585
585
586
586
587
587
587
587
587
59-2
ILLUSTRATIONS
Residence of Commodore Greene, Green Street .
Residence of Lovell Farr, Elliot Street
Residence of Ferdinand Tyler, Asylum Street
Residence of Judge Kellogg, High Street .
Sold by John Phelps to Judge Daniel Kellogg in 1855, to
Edward Crosby in 1885.
Elliot Street
Stump of Old Elm .......
Planted in 1825 by J. W. Blake, injured in fire in 1869, cut
down in 1870. Remarkable for size and beauty.
The Omnibus ......
Tenement house, on road to Cenfetery Hill.
Cemetery Hill from Roof of Van Doom House
From Hinsdale Road ....
Main Street ...;..
Main Street, East Side ....
Dickinson Hall, Main Street, Looking North
Main Street, Looking South
Right : Dickinson's stove store ; Revere Hall, second floor
Joseph Clark, apothecary and hardware; Alfred Simonds &
Company, leather and shoe findings; E. J. Carpenter, Wind-
ham County periodical depot ; Ben Butler, barber ; Alexander
Capen, paint shop upstairs ; A. Worthington, harness and
trunk maker ; Samuel Pike, gunsmith ; bell tower on S.
Gates's furniture shop ; Hinsdale Arms & Sons, machinists
(in front, open door).
Left: Residence of Anthony Van Doom; Dunklee's grocery
store ; Nathan Woodcock's residence, second floor. Warren
Briggs's street sprinkling cart in center of street, 1853.
Drawing: Brattleboro Postage Stamp
Blake Block, 1855, on site Blake Mansion .
Revere House .......
Built in 1849 by James Fisk, destroyed by fire in 1877.
Main Street ........
Law office of Honorable Jonathan Hunt. Residence of Gard-
ner C. Hall, 1826. Residence of Joseph Goodhue. Residence
of William P. Cune. Unitarian Church. At extreme right :
Residence of Judge Lemuel Whitney, first settler, later of
Asher Spencer, occupied later by Charles F. Thompson,
who took it down, and built on site house sold to George
Dowley.
facing page 592
" 593
" 593
" 593
593
" 593
" 593
593
" 593
" 594
" 594
" 595
" 595
facing "
606
606
606
607
7
ILLUSTRATIONS xv
Residence of William P. Cune from 1860 . . . facing page 607
Judge Samuel Knight built first house in village here, about
1773.
Residence of Uriel Sikes ......"" 607
Last owner, Charles F. Thompson, Taken down in 1914 to
give place to Federal Building.
John Hyde ........"" 614
Conductors of the Vermont & Massachusetts Railroad . " " 614
Jacob Bangs, Henry D. Carroll, John Hare.
Citizens of the Forties ......"" 614
Left to right, sitting : William E. Ryther, Luther Sargent,
Ruf us Pratt. Standing, right to left : Jarvis Crandall, Keith
White, George C. Lawrence.
John L. Ray " " 614
Valley Mills Company ......"" 615
Old Gas House " " 615
Estey Organ Company ......"" 615
Brattleboro Melodeon Company ...."" 615
Howland School. Miss Barker ...."" 615
Residence of Samuel Button ....."" 615
Honorable Jacob Estey ......"" 630
General Julius J. Estey ......"" 630
J. Estey & Company Cottage Organ Manufactory . " " 631
Estey Guard . . ..... . " " 631
Estey Organ Building, South Main Street . . . " " 632
Van Doom & Dvvinell Furniture Shop . . . " " 632
Bridge over Whetstone Brook at South Main Street. At
left : Jacob Estey, "Lead Pipe & Pumps." At right, in front :
"Van Doom's" furniture warehouse.
Estey Guard and Fuller Battery Rooms, second story . " " 633
Peg Shop and Tannery Dam, Centerville . . . " " 633
Jacob Estey's Shop, 1847, Jacob Estey, "Lead Pipe &
-Pumps" ........"" 640
Estey Organ Factory, 1850 ....."" 640
Mountain from Esteyville ....."" 641
The Whetstone at Esteyville ....."" 641
St. Michael's Episcopal Church, 1858 . . . " " G46
The Same, Later Period ......"" 646
ILLUSTRATIONS
Florence Terrace. Residence of General Julius J. Estey
Buckner Place .......
Land purchased of heirs of lames Frost. House built in
1859 by General Buckner of New Orleans as a summer resi-
dence for his son-in-law, lames B. Eustis. Purchased by
Professor Elie Charlier of New York in 1871 and sold to
George E. Crowell.
Burnside Military School .....
Built by ludge Samuel Wells, purchased by Reverend Wil-
liam Wells in 1794. Ebenezer Wells sold to Colonel Charles
A. Miles in 1859. Remodeled for school in 1861.
Officers of the School in 1865
Cold Spring ........
The Kane Pine
Doctor Kane, the Arctic explorer, when a guest at the
Water-Cure, was in the habit of taking a daily walk as far
as this noble pine, where he rested under its shade. His name,
carved in the bark, could be seen many years after his death.
East Hall, Glenwood Seminary, Built in 1860 .
Glenwood Classical Seminary for Young Ladies, Hiram
Orcutt, Principal, West Brattleboro
Old Academy Building ......
Walnut Street, Looking East . . . . .
Residents : Edward R. Kirkland, Mrs. C. V. May, Judge
Daniel Kellogg (sixties). Governor Frederick Holbrook,
Colonel Francis Goodhue, Peleg Barrows at left ; Doctor
H. D. Holton at right.
Walnut Street, Looking West .....
House of Jeremiah Haywood, C. L. Howe at right, Barna
Clark at left; Miss E. M. Brooks in white house, "The
Martin Box," on site of present Roman Catholic Rectory.
Walnut Street Corner .....
Old Fountain Engine, 186G. Frost Mansion
Brattleboro Melodeon Company. Steeple of Univer
salist Church
Bridge over Little River .
Main Street .
East Side Main Street
Charles F. Thompson
Samuel Button
John W. Frost
facing page 647
" 647
660
660
661
661
664
664
664
665
665
665
674
674
675
675
675
678
678
678
ILLUSTRATIONS
Edward Crosby .....
Charles C. Frost .....
George E. Crowell .....
Henry D. Holton, M.D
Residence of Francis Goodhue, II
Main Street
Beechwood, Residence of J. N. Balestier, 187i
Maplewood, Balestier Farm
Rosvvell Sargent first settler here.
Residence of Peleg Barrows
Dutch Cottage, R. G. Hardie, Junior .
Eaton Place ......
Built by Holland Pettis; residence for several years of
Major John Tyler ; purchased and remodeled by Honorable
Dorman B. Eaton in 1876 and occupied as a summer residence
until his death in 1899.
facing page 078
679
G79
679
683
682
683
683
683
683
683
Designed by William Rutherfurd Mead, gift of William
Henry Wells of New York to his native town, stands on spot
where Larkin G. Mead, Junior, modeled "The Recording
Angel." The father and sisters of Doctor George Holmes
Hall in 1806 lived in a little house on this point, afterwards
Francis Goodhue, II . . .
" 684
George J. Brooks ....
" 684
B. D. Harris
" 684
George C. Hall ....
" 684
Francis W. Brooks ....
" 685
Doctor George F. Gale
" 685
Norman F. Cabot ....
" 685
From Prospect Street
" 703
From Cemetery ....
" 702
Village from Island
" 703
"The Patch"
" 703
Irish settlement on Vernon Street.
Snow Angel .....
" 718
Larkin G. Mead, Junior, January 1, 1857
" 718
Burnham's Shop ....
" 718
William Rutherfurd Mead
" 719
Wells Fountain ....
" 719
ILLUSTRATIONS
owned by Doctor J. L. Dickerman. The house in background
built by Charles H. Crosby, sold to Frank W. Harris in
1874; at the death of Mr. Harris to E. P. Carpenter, and by
him to Doctor Fremont Hamilton.
Bradley House, Richards Bradley, 1859
Folsoni House, on Site of House of J. D. Bradley, The
Common
Residence of Judge Charles Royall Tyler, 1857
Terrace Street
Judge Daniel Kellogg
Honorable Charles K. Field
Honorable George Howe .
Thomas Thompson .
Mrs. Thompson
United States Military Hospital, 1863
Colonel William Austine .
Colonel George W. Hooker
Colonel John Steele Tyler
Colonel Addison Brown .
Colonel N. C. Sawyer
Colonel William C. Holbrook
Ex-Governor Holbrook .
The Flood of April, 1863 .
Floods of the Whetstone .
Fire of 1869 .
Benjamin F. Bingham
High School .
Main Street .
Pratt, Wheeler & Company
Building erected by John H. Wheeler, 1835
High Street .
Centre Congregational Church, 1864
The church in 1843. Interior of church, 1882.
The Baptist Church, 1870
St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church, 1864
The Methodist Church .
The Universalist Church, 1851 ; remodeled, 1871
facing page 730
730
731
731
750
750
750
751
751
761
809
809
809
809
809
82-3
833
833
834
834
835
835
825
828
839
829
829
839
ILLUSTRATIONS
Universalist Parsonage, Canal Street .
Clark Farm
View of Village ....
Village from Prospect Street .
West River at Entrance to the Connecticut
Mountain from West River
Log Drives .....
Decorated for Valley Fair
Fair Grounds .....
Views of the Fair ....
Brooks House, George J. Brooks, 1871-18'
Brooks Library, 1886
Unitarian Church ....
Dedicated October 13, 1875, on site of first church, which was
moved back and became Wells Hall.
Soldiers' Monument
The Common ........
Land deeded by Grindall Ellis on condition church should be
built on it; church lost claim in 1842 by neglecting to keep
fence, etc., in repair.
On Top of Wantastiquet .
Highland Park
New High School .
View from Retreat Tower
High Street .
Franklin H. Wheeler's Garden
Land purchased by Mr. Wheeler in 1838.
Governor Levi K. Fuller .
Fuller Battery
Left to right : Doctor D. P. Webster, Assistant Surgeon
E. H. Putnam, Lieutenant and Adjutant; A. T. McClure,
First Lieutenant; A. D. Weld, First Lieutenant; P. F.
Connors, Second Lieutenant; Thomas Hannon, Quarter-
master; L. K. Fuller, Lieutenant Colonel.
Governor Fuller and Staff .....
Left to right : F. C. Platts, Second Lieutenant ; Doctor
Charles S. Pratt, Assistant Surgeon; E. H. Putnam, First
Lieutenant and Adjutant; George H. Bond, Colonel First
Regiment; Thomas Hannon, Colonel on Governor Fuller's
facing page 840
" 840
" 841
" 841
" 876
" 876
" 877
" 886
" 886
" 887
" 894
" 894
" 895
903
902
903
903
904
904
90.5
905
908
909
909
ILLUSTRATIONS
Staff ; W. H. Gilmore, Quartermaster General ; Captain
Tutherly, United States Army ; Levi K. Fuller, Governor of
Vermont; Colonel J. H. Goulding, Governor's Military
Secretary; A. D. Weld, Captain Fuller Battery; H. H
Burnett, First Lieutenant and Quartermaster ; P. F. Con-
nors, First Lieutenant; Pearl T. Clapp, Second Lieutenant
Honorable James jSI. Tyler
Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler .
Judge James L. Martin .
Honorable Kittredge Raskins
Judge Ranslure W. Clarke
Judge William S. Newton
East Side Main Street, Looking South
East Side Main Street, Looking North
South Main, Looking North
Main, Looking North
Hawley Store, 1877-1904 .
Newton I. Hawley .
Park House .
Two upper stories were a house on Newfane Hill, owned by
Chester Pomeroy, who in 1833 bought the land on which it
stood here of Doctor Philip Hall of Northfield, who had it
from Judge Lemuel Whitney. The identity of this picture
has been questioned.
Overall Factory
Canal Street School
Town Hall, 1855 .
Auditorium, 1896 .
View of Island
Colonel Charles A. Miles
Doctor James R. Conland
Robert Gordon Hardie, Junior
Belles of the Sixties
Reverend George Leon Walker
Reverend William H. Collins
Reverend Charles O. Day
Doctor Joseph H. Draper .
Allan D. Brown, Commander U. S. Navy (retired)
Reverend Lewis Grout
facing page 912
"
' 912
"
' 912
"
' 913
"
' 913
"
' 913
"
' 930
"
' 930
"
' 931
"
' 931
"
' 940
"
' 940
"
" 940
940
941
941
941
941
946
946
946
947
948
948
948
949
949
949
ILLUSTRATIONS
xxi
Oscar A. Marshall ......
facing page 974
Wilford H. Brackett . . . . .
" 974
Doctor William B. Clark
" 974
Frederick Holbrook, II .
" 974
Mary E. W'ilkins ......
975
Wolcott Balestier ......
" 975
Rudyard Kipling ......
" 975
Naulahka .......
" 980
Residence of Rudyard Kipling, 1892-1896.
Scott Farm .......
" 980
Rufus Scott settled here in 1840.
Red School House ......
" 981
Bliss Brook, afterwards Wilder Brook
" 981
Bliss Farm .......
" 981
Captain Nathaniel Bliss here before 1800.
Mary Howe .......
" 99-3
Madame Brazzi-Pratt .....
" 993
Goodhue Stove ......
" 993
FOURTH PERIOD
WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE
THE ESTEY ORGAN-PRIVATE SCHOOLS
1844-1861
CHAPTER L
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE
Wesselhoeft Water-Cure. Doctor Robert Wesselhoeft— Doctor Wilhelm Wessel-
hoeft (William H. Klinge)— John H. Gray— Wesselhoeft Water-Cure— Letter
from Doctor Wesselhoeft to Horace Greeley setting forth the advantages of
location— Buildings— Paths along the Whetstone— Doctor Charles W. Grau—
First doctor's prescription in Brattleboro— Rules and regulations— Process of
cure— Amusements— Christian F. Schuster, musician— Southern guests— Death
of Doctor Wesselhoeft— Children— Published works.
Lawrence Water-Cure. Bayard H. Clark— William H. Klinge— Emil Apfelbaum—
Doctor Grau— C. R. Blackall— William Wier— "The Lawrence" as a summer
hotel, Mr. Apfelbaum and Ernest Heffe, proprietors— Both "Cold Water" estab-
lishm'ents sold to Theodore Cole, Parker B. Francis and Leroy Salisbuo— Mr.
Francis proprietor of the "Wesselhoeft House"— Fanny Fern's praise of Brattle-
boro drives— Bliss Farm— Scott Farm— Boating— List of guests— The Lawrence
made into tenement houses by S. W. Kimball— Henry B. Duclos— Mrs. Duclos—
Their animals— Letter from Miss Farley, December 12, 1890.
The Traveling Musician. Alonzo W. Hines— Lewis Higgins— Musical organizations.
About 1816, in a little village of Austria, named Graefenberg, Vin-
cent Priessnitz, the son of a farmer, at tfie age of seventeen suffered
an accident, resulting in two broken ribs. He was a boy with a natural
gift of observation, who lived mostly in the open air. He noticed that
animals, when wounded, or otherwise hurt, bathed their bleeding mem-
bers in cold water and got well. There was also a miller in a neighbor-
ing village who had set broken ribs without- the aid of a doctor. So
the boy pressed himself against a wall, trying to set his ribs in place,
and to his surprise and satisfaction, succeeded; he then put on cold
bandages, wrapped himself in a wet linen sheet and blanket to produce
a sweat, and by frequent changes over a considerable period of time,
and by drinking freely of the spring water of his native hillsides,
completed the cure.
The report of his recovery spread through the surrounding country,
until people came from a distance to consult this worker of miracles,
as he seemed to be. Then he conceived the idea that other diseases
could be cured with cold water, and he invited the poor to be the objects
of experiment. As early as 1839, and in the face of bitter opposition
564 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO . |
and even persecution at the hands of the regular profession, there were :
nearly two thousand patients under the treatment of Vincent Priessnitz \
at Graefenberg, and establishments founded on the water system of I
cure sprang up throughout Germany, and extended as far as America. j
The third water-cure in this country was started by Doctor Robert . t
Wesselhoeft in 1843-1844, in Brattleboro. He was born February 13, I
1797, in Chemnitz, Saxony, where his father had a printing and publishing |
house which was moved to Jena when Robert was still an infant. His |
first studies were conducted at home by a tutor, De Wette, who became \
an eminent theologian ; he was afterwards sent to Rosleben, a school of i
the character of the English Rugby or Eton, and returning to Jena, passed i
his examination for the doctorate of law in 1821, and was appointed assist- j
ant to the criminal court at Weida in the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, in
January, 1823. !
Free thinking on political questions, tending to democratic idealism,
was rife among students in the universities at that time, and under this
influence Karl Ludwig Sand, a young man of unbalanced mind, took the
life of Kotzebue, a writer of note, whose pen was employed in sup-
port of autocracy. Because Sand was a member of the Jena Burschen-
schaft in 1819 when the murder was committed, the state assumed the ;
existence of a conspiracy and the guilt of other members of the society, j
including Wilhelm and Robert Wesselhoeft, who were arrested and l
tried by a special commission appointed by the government for the |
purpose. I
Three years later, Wilhelm Wesselhoeft was at Marseilles prepared to I
embark in service for the Greek cause as a volunteer physician when the I
French, assured of the futility of further effort in a lost cause, enjoined \
the ship from sailing. Passing through Switzerland on his way home, |
Wilhelm qualified as docent in medicine at the University of Basel and {;
received an appointment which he held until 1824, in which year the extra- 1
dition of political refugees was demanded. His correspondence, which I
contained acquaintance with Karl Follen,^ one of the "dangerous cases," !
was confiscated, and as he had also been a member of a revolutionary
association, he at once took ship and arrived in New York November
26, 1824.
Discharged from his position at the court of Weida, although at the
same time receiving praise for his exemplary conduct and valuable ser-
vices, Robert Wesselhoeft in 1822 invested a small amount of capital in
the increase of an oil mill and fishery in Erfurt and devoted himself to
this venture until his arrest and imprisonment in January, 1824, as a
member of the Jiinglingsbund, a society of youth supposed to have been
1 Afterwards professor in Harvard University.
DOCTOR WESSELHOEFT. WIFE AKO DAUGHTER
WESSELHOEFT WATER CUXE
lE®^'
LAWRENCE WATER CURE
LAWRENCE WATER CURE
ROBERT WESSELHOEFT, M.D. 565
launched by an adult organization, the Mannerbund, a secret society of
avowed revolutionary purpose, whose ultimate aim was the establishment
of representative government in place of the patriarchal autocracies of
the German States.
Wesselhoeft refused to confess connection with the Mannerbund, as it
was an association unknown to him, even though he might have shortened
the period of his own detention by so doing. Seven years were consumed
by the state in examinations, particularly as to the membership of the
Mannerbund. Finally he was sentenced to fifteen years in the Fortress
of Magdeburg as the mitigation of the death penalty, which might legally
have been imposed upon him for high treason, read by the state into his
admission of membership in the Jiinglingsbund. The King of Prussia
reduced the term of imprisonment to seven years, accepting the already
long years of his trial as part of the punishment.
The reigning grand duke, Karl Friedrich, was, however, of a more
liberal mind than the royal Prussian, and in August, 1831, Robert Wessel-
hoeft received an appointment as registrar to the Grand Ducal Chancery
at Weida. In 1833 he was appointed to a similar post in Weimar.
But the grand duke's liberality of view in reappointing Wesselhoeft to
ofifice was not shared by members of the Grand Ducal administration, nor
by Wesselhoeft's superior in the judiciary. Faithful to the discharge of
his official duties, some time passed without any prospect of finding a
genuine reason for Wesselhoeft's dismissal.
Finally a charge of legacy-hunting and forgery was brought by his
enemies, until in 1839 a verdict acquitting the accused was rendered by
the Supreme Court of Appeal. The complaint of insubordination re-
mained and secured his dismissal for disciplinary reasons. Not having
violated the terms of his reappointment, Wesselhoeft was entitled to a
pension, which at his own request was paid in full and which enabled
him to join his brother Wilhelm in America.
A famous physician who attended him at the Magdeburg castle took
him occasionally to the bedside of patients, interested him in the study of
pathology and discovered in him a great gift for successful diagnosis. In
Weimar another physician, friend of the Wesselhoeft family, corroborated
the opinion of the Magdeburg physician as to Wesselhoeft's native power
as a diagnostician. A serious attack of bilious and rheumatic fever in the
summer of 1840 led him to visit Graefenberg, where he was under the
personal direction of Vincent Priessnitz. These experiences were doubt-
less one reason why Robert Wesselhoeft thought seriously of studying
medicine as soon as he decided to join his brother in America.
In August, 1840, accompanied by his wife, — Ferdinanda Emilie
Hecker, whom he had married after an engagement of fourteen years,
566 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
his children, and William H. Klinge/ a native of Hanover, and Sophie
Ditchmar (whom Klinge married in 1841), he sailed from Bremen for
America, and on their arrival joined his brother Wilhelm.
Wilhelm Wesselhoeft had been investigating, practicing and teaching
the principles of homeopathy since his arrival in America and when Doc-
tor Konstantin Hering, a pupil of Hahnemann in Leipsic, came to Penn-
sylvania in 1832, they founded a homeopathic institute in Allentown. Wil-
helm Wesselhoeft had also formed the Northampton County Society of
Laymen and Physicians, the first homeopathic society in the country.
Robert studied under Wilhelm in Allentown, pursued courses in the
University of Pennsylvania leading in the year 1841 to the doctorate of
medicine, and in 1843 received a degree from the University of Basel
upon presentation of a dissertation on his observations in connection with
the epidemic of scarlet fever in the summer and autumn of that year.
An examination of the spring water in the vicinity of Allentown failed
to encourage him to attempt in that region his experiments in hydro-
therapeutics. He therefore removed from Allentown and began the
practice of homeopathy with his brother Wilhelm in Cambridgeport,
Massachusetts, and later in Boston. Here he occasionally made applica-
tion of water with satisfactory results. Among his patients was Mrs.
Lovell Farr^ of Brattleboro, who had been given up by her physicians,
but was restored to health under the new system. She persuaded Doctor
Wesselhoeft to visit Brattleboro, in the hope that he would find conditions
favorable for founding an institution here.
In a letter to Horace Greeley Doctor Wesselhoeft sets forth the advan-
tages of Brattleboro as a location for the enterprise :
The temperature is milder than at Graefenburg, or even on the sea-
shore of New England. About two thousand inhabitants are settled
around and above a hill bordered by the Connecticut River. Fresh
springs issue from all the hills. The water is the purest I could find
among several hundred springs I have- visited and tested, from Virginia
to the White Mountains, within two hundred miles from the seacoast.
It is only here that I have not found them impregnated with sulphate
of lime. . . . Most beautiful natural walks lead to each spring within a
mile. Hills and green woods invite the patient on every side.
Mr. John H. Gray, a wealthy Bostonian then living in Brattleboro, who
1 Mr. Klinge died July 5, 1902, aged ninety-one years six months. Children :
Ferdinand of Holyoke, Massachusetts; William of Baltimore, born 1848; Mrs.
F. B. Walker.
2 Lovell Farr and wife, Mrs. Lucia Farr, removed to Galena, Illinois, in 18S8.
Children: Elizabeth L., married Lucius L. .Day; Lucia T., married Nitchie;
Augusta; Robert.
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 567
had recovered his health in a water-cure of Europe, became interested and
with other gentlemen of fortune furnished the capital required.
In 1844 two adjoining buildings, located on Elliot Street, were pur-
chased of Ashbel Dickinson for $3000. Early in 1845 they were
remodeled and additions were made. Mr. Gray came from Boston,
bringing Mr. Klinge, whose business was to make mattresses and gen-
erally furnish the bedrooms. Klinge engaged boys and girls to pick
hair, at two cents a pound. As he was already familiar with the treat-
ment as practiced by Doctor Wesselhoeft in Boston, he undertook the
superintendence of the water and bathing department.
Arrangements and appliances were necessary which were unheard of
in a rural community. Rubbing baths, as massage was unknown, light
gymnastics for women and the training of nurses and assistants needed
for the work were, at first, under the instruction and supervision of Mrs.
Wesselhoeft. Wood stoves were required in the bathrooms for adjusting
the temperature to the patients.
From the time it was opened. May 29, 1845, with fifteen patients,
there was an almost immediate increase to one hundred and forty and
one hundred and fifty. The west building owned by Lovell Farr was
bought the following winter and forty-five rooms opened "exclusively
to the gentlemen," the east building, which was known as "Paradise
Row," being given to the ladies. The buildings were connected in front by
a salon for music and dancing, and in the rear by an additional building,
having between them a spacious yard with a fountain.^
In the spring of 1846 there were three hundred and ninety-two
patients, and the influx of strangers was so great that they overflowed
into the hotels and boarding houses of the village, until all were filled.^
Doctor Samuel G. Howe and Julia Ward Howe, his wife, with their
children, were among them. Doctor Howe pronounced it "finer than
any German Spa."
In a letter from Julia Ward Howe to Mrs. Louisa (Ward) Craw-
ford (Biography of Julia Ward Howe, Vol. I, pp. 118-119), Mrs. Howe
says:
We left dear old Brattleboro on Sunday afternoon, serenely packed
1 Captain Nathaniel Bliss was the carpenter who built the Wesselhoeft Water-
Cure buildings. He built a bridge over the Connecticut River and two over the
West River, the "Church on the Common," the American House, the Holbrook
house on the Common, the residence of N. B. Williston, the Brown house on
Chase Street, the "Long Building" on Main Street and many others. He was
possessed of unusual skill and faithfulness in all of his undertakings, and was
a man of integrity, with remarkable habits of industry.
- The receipts in some years amounted to $25,000.
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 569
in our little carriage; the good old boarding-house woman kissed me
and presented me with a bundle containing cake, biscuit and whortle-
berries. Chev. and I felt well and happy, the children were good, the
horses went like birds, and showed themselves horses of good mettle by
carrying us over a distance of one hundred miles in less than two days.
Very pleasant was our little journey.
A <- 1 1 1 c 1 c Julia Ward Howe.
August 14, 1846. ■'
In 1847, a building in the rear of the establishment was erected,
containing a dining-hall for one hundred persons, a culinary depart-
ment, laundry, carpenter's workshop, icehouse, more bathing rooms, and
offices for medical and clerks' staff.
Each house in 1849 contained, besides rooms for patients, large
plunges of running water twenty-five feet long by forty-five wide and
four deep, all sorts of tub baths, etc. At a distance of less than half a
mile were out-of-door baths among the trees under the high bank on
the borders of the Whetstone. A footbridge was built across the Whet-
stone, south of the Water-Cure to the springs under the bank, along
Canal Street, and in 1847 the patients, under the direction of Mr.
Robert H. Gardiner of Maine, constructed a path to the woolen mill
and another on the opposite side of the brook to the Aqueduct, from
Elliot Street to a point near Centerville and from there back on higher
ground to the starting point. The former was named "The Gardiner
Path," in honor of Mr. Gardiner, and the latter "Aqueduct Path."
A rule was made that each patient coming to the Wesselhoeft should
contribute a dollar toward keeping the paths in repair. A regular
account was kept of receipts and expenditures and each contributor,
becoming a stockholder, had the right of suggesting improvements.
Bathhouses were built at different places, near the springs, along the
Gardiner Path, and on Aqueduct Path there was made a thatched sum-
mer house, provided with seats, which received the suggestive name of
"Eagle's Nest." This was a favorite place of resort in pleasant weather.
These paths, winding along the hillside, through the woods, beside run-
ning water, and in so secluded a place, added greatly to the pleasure
of the patients, and to the prestige of the place as a summer resort.
The thoroughness, intelligence and enthusiasm with which the problems
of the experiment were met, gave it, from the outset, a unique position and
importance among all similar experiments in America.
In 1848 when the number of patients proved too many for the super-
vision of any one man. Doctor Wesselhoeft was fortunate in securing
the services of Doctor Charles W. Grau as assistant physician.
670 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In natural endowment, general culture and varied experience Doctor
Grau was a remarkable man. There seemed to be few departments of
life with which he was unfamiliar, as he was a great reader of books
in seven languages.
His ancestors were peasants in Germany, and gained a livelihood by
tilling the soil. The Duke of Hesse-Cassel had been out hunting, and,
losing his way, his horse encountered a morass. Finding it impossible
to extricate himself from the perilous position, he called for help. A
plain, honest peasant, named Grau, came to his rescue and pulled him
out of the mud. In gratitude for this act of kindness the duke pro-
posed to make him a noble, but the sturdy old man refused the offer;
he however accepted the title of "First Commoner," with a coat of
arms which consisted of two crossed whips. The duke also requested
the peasant to send his son to him to be educated. He finally consented
and the son went to the university, where he became distinguished
as a scholar. After his graduation he rose rapidly until he received
an important office under the government. The duke, pleased with the
brilliant progress made by the former peasant boy, decreed that hence-
forth the eldest son of the Grau family having male issue, should have
a free education at the University of Marburg. A brother of Doctor
Grau received the benefit of the duke's bequest and he himself was
educated at the same institution.
After Doctor Grau graduated he started for Berlin, where he pro-
posed to continue the study of medicine. On his way he was induced
to stop at Jena and attend a course of lectures to be given by an eminent
botanist. Having studied medicine and surgery he was appointed to
attend the duels that took place between the students at the university,
and so long as he was there, at two o'clock of each day a red carriage
appeared at his door to carry him to the dueling ground. Some eight
or ten duels took place each day between the students, and as they
fought with two-edged swords, the doctor generally found use for his
plasters, thread and needles. At the close of the lectures he continued
to make botany a study, and was finally appointed professor in the uni-
versity from which he graduated. He was sent to Asia Minor by the
university to study the palm in all its varieties.
At a later period he took part in some of the German revolutions and
through the influence of his father-in-law, Herr Seibert, a government
official, he was induced to leave Germany for America.
He remained with Doctor Wesselhoeft several years, and afterwards
went into private practice in the town.
Doctor Grau made the first doctor's prescription ever seen here, and
the clerk was so proud of his share in the effort that he numbered the
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 571
prescription one thousand and one, instead of one. He was the author
of the map of drives around Brattleboro which served its purpose
for more than fifty years, and editor of The Brattleborough Hydro-
pathic Messenger, a monthly journal commenced in 1858 in the interests
of the Water-Cure, but which was discontinued in 1860. A Green Moun-
tain Spring Monthly Journal, edited and pubHshed by Doctor Wesselhoeft
himself, had reached a circulation of 30,000 copies in 1851. "Medical
Gymnastics," with illustrations, by Charles William Grau was published
in 1859. After the death of Doctor Grau, October 19, 1861, his wife
and four children returned to Germany. His son graduated from the
University of Marburg under the provisions made by the Duke of
Hesse-Cassel, as his brother died without issue. The remains of Doctor
Grau are buried near the brow of the hill in Prospect Hill Cemetery,
where a broken column marks his resting place.
Native ability amounting to a genius for his profession and devotion
to the welfare of patients, beyond any question of personal or material
reward, were the main elements in Doctor Wesselhoeft's success. Pa-
tients were never allowed to deviate a hair's breadth from rules and
regulations laid down by their physician, on principles he believed to be
sound. A disciplinarian by conviction and temperament, he sometimes
offended, for the moment, a patient who did not perceive the true and
kind' heart that beat underneath a certain brusqueness of speech or
manner. But no one was ever refused or turned away from lack of
money, and although "medical advice, board, lodging and attendance
at baths" were offered at only $10 a week, there were cases when that
expense could not be met.
Of the process of cure employed by Doctor Wesselhoeft he gives the
following detailed account:
The patient is waked about four o'clock in the morning, and wrapped
in thick woollen blankets almost hermetically; only the face and some-
times the whole head remains free; all other contact of the body with
the air being carefully prevented. Soon the vital warmth streams out
from the patient, and collects round him, more or less according to his
own constitution and the state of the atmosphere. After a while he
begins to perspire, and he must continue to perspire till his covering
itself becomes wet. During this time his head may be covered with cold
compresses and he may drink as much fresh water as he likes. Windows
and doors are opened in order to promote the flow of perspiration by the
entrance of fresh, vital air. As soon as the attendant observes that
there has been perspiration enough, he dips the patient into a cold bath,
which is ready in the neighborhood of the bed. As soon as the first
572 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
shock is over he feels a sense of comfort, and the surface of the water
becomes covered with clammy matter, which perspiration has driven
out from him. The pores, which have been opened by the process of
perspiration, suck up the moisture with avidity, and, 'according to all
observations, this is the moment when the wholesome change of matter
takes place, by which the whole system gradually becomes purified. In
no case has this sudden change of temperature proved to be injurious.
In the summer "packing," one of the principal baths given, com-
menced even earlier in the morning. As soon as the patient came out
of his bath he was sent out to walk and to drink of the pure spring
water. Meals were all plainly prepared and consisted of only a few
varieties. At breakfast the principal articles of food were bread and
butter, mush and milk; at dinner, soup, one kind of meat, — either beef
or mutton, — vegetables and a plain pudding ; at supper, the same as at
breakfast with the addition of fruit. No tea or coffee was permitted.
But Doctor Wesselhoeft was no blind devotee of any system. In 1848
he wrote : "I shall also direct my attention to cases in which the adminis-
tration of certain medicines seems to me called for by the symptoms. . . .
I shall not hesitate to employ medicines during a water cure. . . . Because
one thing is good the other does not become bad. The misuse is all of
which we may accuse each other."
Again : "I profess only the homeopathic system and do not use any
other remedies than such as are tried according to its principles, but I am
far from prescribing the old principles of administering medicine contra-
rio contrarius."
This spirit of electicism was maintained in the face of bitter reproaches
from the lay public and from the strict apostles of Priessnitz.
The art of life lived in the open air as practiced by Europeans, still
unknown in this country, was introduced to his patients by Doctor Wes-
selhoeft ; breakfast and luncheon on the verandas, needlework and read-
ing aloud by groups in sequestered nooks, walking at all times and in
all directions, archery and picnics in favoring weather were features of
his curriculum. By means of open wagons, stagecoaches and horse-
back, where nature was most alluring picnickers would gather. A feat
of the many who enjoyed mountain climbing was the building of a
log house of three stories on the summit of Wantastiquet ; projections
on each story were wide enough to stand on.
Simple games were played by patients of all ages, and Wednesday and
Saturday evenings were set apart for dancing, with Christian F. Schus-
ter at the piano, the evening concluding with a German dance, "The
Nine-Pin," a kind of perpetual motion being its chief merit.
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 573
Many of the Germans driven to this country by the Revolution of
1848 on their arrival turned to Doctor Wesselhoeft for counsel and
assistance ; among them was the talented musician, Christian F. Schuster,
born in Mainz, Germany, a master of many instruments, who, as a
member of the Germania Band, gave the first trombone solo heard in
New York. Doctor Wesselhoeft brought him to Brattleboro to take
charge of the music at the Water-Cure. Mr. Schuster soon acquired
large classes of pupils in this village and the smaller villages of the
county for instruction in pipe organ, piano and violin playing, and was
himself organist of the Centre Church nineteen years. The annual
concert given by his pupils drew a large audience of summer visitors
and leading citizens.
To Mr. Schuster this community owed its remarkably discriminating
taste and the many associations for the cultivation of music which,
during nearly fifty years, gave a special aroma to the life. He married in
1853 Ann E., the daughter of Reverend Addison Brown, by whom he
had four children. After her death, and a second marriage, he moved
with his family to Greenfield and died there June 12, 1904.
Amateur theatricals were very popular and patients and guests of
the Water-Cure were assisted by the best talent from the village, the
Burdett (Riley) and Miller Glee Club acting as orchestra. Fourth of
July was a favorite day with the Doctor, and it was never permitted
to pass without appropriate observance. The^ Declaration of Independ-
ence was read, and speeches were made. Fireworks and a dance in the eve-
ning closed the festivities.
The spacious buildings, with billiard-rooms, bowling alleys, parlors
for music and conversation, and an open piazza three hundred feet in
length, with romantic paths along the streams and through woods near
at hand, and a beautiful country beyond, brought to this resort, apart
from its remedial agency, some of the best and most refined people of
this and other lands. Parents were attracted by boarding schools for
their children in a village, as the prospectus of the old Academy had it,
"presenting a state of society in an unusual degree enlightened and
polished, making it a highly favorable seat of education." "Hydropathic
Balls" became a fashionable function to which society was attracted from
afar.
Almost every state in the Union was represented among the guests.
It was especially popular with Southerners before the war. Of the
lists of guests available, nearly one-third were registered from the South.
In September, 1849, ex-President Martin Van Buren, his son, and two
sons of John C. Calhoun were here. In 1851 Mr. and Mrs. John Stod-
dard and their five children came from Savannah, and were so charmed
574 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
by the situation that he erected on School Street, as a summer home,
the house whose last owner was General Julius J. Estey. General
Buckner of New Orleans, who was chief of General Johnston's staff
at the time of his surrender to Major-General Sherman, also bought
land in 1859, to be used as a summer residence for his son-in-law, Mr.
J. B. Eustis, United States senator from Louisiana. This is the place
at the upper end of High and Green Streets now owned by Mrs. Crowell.
Doctor Wesselhoeft was taken ill in 1851, went to Germany, and
died there in 1852. His estate was settled by L. G. Mead and N. B.
Williston. Mrs. Wesselhoeft, with the cooperation of her son. Doctor
Conrad, attempted to carry on his work until, through other changes
in the personnel of the institution and the gradual decline in popularity
of the treatment, the Cure was given up. She then went to Boston with
her sons, Doctor Conrad and Doctor Walter, who became practicing physi-
cians in that city.
Madame Wesselhoeft was greatly beloved by the people of Brattle-
boro, who cherished only happy memories of the old "Establishment,"^
as it was commonly called, and of the noble family to which it owed
its life.
Their family residence in Brattleboro was the brick house on the corner
of High and Bullock Streets, purchased from Mr. Gray.
Children born in Germany :
Doctor Conrad, married, 1840, Miss Elizabeth (Foster) Pope of Dor-
chester, Massachusetts; died December 18, 1904.
Minna, born 1835; married, 1851, Morrity Otto; died March 10, 1913.
Reinhold, born 1837 ; commissioned second lieutenant in the Twentieth
Massachusetts Regiment ; was drowned in the Potomac during the
disaster of Ball's Bluff October 21, 1861.
Doctor Walter, born 1838; studied at Halle and Jena, 1855-1858; Har-
vard Medical School, 1859 ; married,186S, Miss Mary Eraser of Hah-
fax, Nova Scotia; she died in 1886 leaving
Children :
Ferdinanda Emilie, married Reverend Willard Reed.
Selma, died.
Mary Eraser.
Amy, married Robert von Erdberg.
Eleanor, married Percy Hutchinson.
Robert of New York, a civil engineer, married Miss Lucile Mach-
ado.
Doctor Conrad of Boston, married, second, Frances, daughter of Pro-
fessor Kittredge of Harvard University.
1 fitablissement des Bains.
THE LAWRENCE WATER-CURE 575
Doctor Walter married, second, in 1874, Miss Mary Alford Leavitt of
Cambridge, Massachusetts. He died July, 1920.
Children born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Doctor and Mrs. Robert
Wesselhoeft :
Bertha, born September 9, 1841; married, 1863, Humphrey H. Swift;
died 1911. . 1162736
Emma, born January 9, 1843 ; married, 1874, Arthur Searles.
Selma, born in Boston June 29, 1846.
The writings of Doctor Wesselhoeft were, one and all, called forth by
some personal experience or by the reaction of his mind on the questions
of the time. In papers controversial in aim, the prevailing tone is tem-
perate and judicial. His style is always characterized by simplicity and
directness. He sometimes wrote under the name Kahldorf.
His published works were :
Karl Ludwig Sand as seen through his Letters and Journals. 1821.
Altenburg.
Various Essays in Rotteck's Political Annals, Bran's Mining, etc., be-
tween the years 1822 and 1831.
German Youth in former Student Societies and Magdeburg. 1828.
Johannes Wit, named von Darring and his later Writings. 1829. Jena.
On the Intelligence of the Time and the Possibility with a Liberal Ma-
jority to control the State. 1830. Leipzig.
Letters on the Nobility to Count von Moltke, with a Preface by Hein-
rich Heine— (being a criticism of Von Moltke's Justification of the insti-
tution of hereditary nobility). Nuremberg. Hamburg.
Golden Jubilee of the Rector Benedict Wilhelm of Kloster Rosleben.
(A biographical sketch of his old teacher.) 1838. Weimar.
Berlin and Rome : Non-partisan Reflections on the Conflict of the Prus-
sian Goyernment with the See of Rome by Kahldorf. 1838. Leipzig.
Essay, Some Remarks on Dr. O. W. Holmes' Lectures pn Homeopathy
and its Kindred Delusions. 1842.
Monaldi : a Romance by the American Artist Washington Allston — a
translation into German by von Kahldorf. 1843. Leipzig.
Dissertation, On the Scarlet Fever Epidemic in the United States in the
Summer and Autumn of 1842. Basel. 1843.
Description of the Brattleboro Hydropathic Establishment with a Re-
port of 563 cases treated there during the years 1845, 1846. 1847.
The Lawrence Water-Cure
There were other attempts to continue the water treatment in Brattle-
boro. Bayard Clark, a wealthy gentleman from New York who had
been restored to health while under treatment at the Wesselhoeft, desir-
576 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
ing to assist William H. Klinge, superintendent of the bathing depart-
ment, who had been of service to him, purchased the house opposite
the Water-Cure, owned by Zelotes Dickinson, and let Mr. Klinge open
it as a boarding house for the accommodation of those unable to get
rooms at the Wesselhoeft. Mr. Dickinson presented Mr. Klinge with a
spring of water and the latter prevailed upon Mr. Clark to loan him
more money for the purpose of opening a water-cure on a small scale.
Doctor Grau was admitted to partnership and the house was opened
in July, 1853. The enterprise promised success, and in a short time
the house was filled with patients. Desiring to do even better, a plan
was formed to enlarge, and in the fall and winter the old house was
moved away and a new one built, that part of the present building west
of the tower. It was opened in May, 1853, and received the name of
Lawrence Water-Cure, in honor of the family of Mrs. Clark. For three
years the establishment prospered but by an unexpected change in financial
matters, Mr. Clark disposed of his interest to Darius Davison of New
York, who mortgaged it to William Browne of the same city. A further
enlargement was made, — the tower and the dining-hall being built. Mr.
Davison agreed to meet the expense, but failed to do so ; Doctor Grau and
Mr. Klinge were compelled to take current receipts for that purpose.
This embarrassed them and impaired their business. The nominal owner-
ship was then transferred to Joseph Davison and later to a sister. Miss
Davison. Finally Doctor Grau and Mr. Klinge relinquished their connec-
tion with the establishment.
In 1857 Emil Apfelbaum came to the Lawrence Water-Cure to be
superintendent of the house. He was a Prussian, born in 1829, who had
studied law until his health failed, when he took the position of traveling
salesman for a wine merchant ; four years later, on the death of his father,
he came to America, and studied hydropathy with Doctor Jjmes C.
Jackson of the Glen Haven Water-Cure.
He had a powerful singing voice, and had received a good musical edu-
cation in his'native country, which gave him a place in the musical circles
of the town, where he was always conspicuous on account of his imposing
stature, — being seven feet in height — with a very long black beard in due
proportion to his figure. He married here Miss Augusta Apfel, who had
taught German and French in Miss Willard's School in Troy, New York,
and in Miss Stone's School in Greenfield, Massachusetts, before giving
the same lessons in Brattleboro. In 1870 he entered the employ of the
Estey Company as bookkeeper. Mrs. Apfelbaum died in 1899, when he
entered the Gill Odd Fellows Home, and died there in January, 1913.
In 1859 Doctor Grau and Doctor C. R. Blackall, assisted by Doctor
William Wier, leased the Thomas place on Birge Street for patients, but
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 577
it fell into the possession of William Browne in 1861 and was kept
as a summer hotel or boarding house by Mr. Apfelbaum and H. Ernst
Heppe of New York until 1868-1869, when one of the Knowltons bought
the house. The buildings of both "Cold Water Establishments" were sold
to Theodore Cole, Parker B. Francis and Leroy Salisbury, who used them
as summer hotels, attracting between six hundred and eight hundred
guests annually.
Until 1851 visitors to Brattleboro had arrived by stages and private
carriages, but in that year the railroad was finished and the place became
more accessible. From that time visitors were met at the "depot" by the
village coach driven by Tom Miner. There was no baggage-express,
and the piles of trunks on the back were amazing in number, as was the
vigor with which Tom swung them on. His familiar figure has remained
in the memory of the generation that still misses the greeting with which
he met his patrons, — the rumble of the coach and the cracking of his
whip, which could be heard from the start the length of Main Street.
In 1860 it was more crowded than at any time in its previous history
and as late as 1865 The Phoenix stated that "strangers throng our village,
hotels and boarding-houses are crowded, and private houses are urged to
take boarders." In 1867-1868 more than thirteen boarding houses adver-
tised in the local paper.
This was a sort of aftermath to the former Water-Cure days, under
the inspiration of Parker B. Francis, who in 1864 became proprietor
of the "Wesselhoeft House and Cold Water Establishment." He had
been a patient of Doctor Wesselhoeft, and his zeal for the hydropathic
method was the motive that induced his purchase, and the effort to again
make a sanitarium in the old buildings. His quick perceptions of the
temperamental requirements of individuals, with a kind heart, fine man-
ners and a native intelligence cultivated by contact with men of the
world, made him the ideal host. He looked every inch a gentleman, and
his patrons were glad to include him among their friends. Guided by
firm convictions of right and wrong, his interest in questions of national
import led him into the advocacy of many reforms, and as an abolitionist
he was the /riend of Theodore Parker and Wendell Phillips. Yet an open
mind and spirit enabled him to listen with sympathy to opposing views,
which he weighed with deliberation and candor. His tact with the young
gave him a share in their interests and pleasures.
The Civil War was a great grief to Mr. Francis, chiefly because of his
abhorrence of war as a means of settling disputes, but also as alienating
old friends, while it proved a serious financial loss through the withdrawal
of patronage by the southern people, resulting finally in his closing the
Establishment. He continued to live here, but spent much time with his
578 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO •
married daughter in Hartford until 1886, when he bought a house in Lex-
ington, Massachusetts, and in 1890 removed to his home town, Danvers.
His first wife was Miss Asenath O. Marshall, who died October 8, 1873,
aged fifty. He married, second, January 29, 1882, Miss Eleanor C. Van
Amringe, who died in 1886. A son by this marriage was born June 1,
1886.
Adding greatly to the charm of the life was the good feeling that
existed between the residents of the village and the stranger within its
gates. They met on a high level of social sympathy, which created an
atmosphere favorable to individual joy and expansion.
Mrs. Henry B. Angell, who, as Martha Bartlett of Boston, was at the
Water-Cure in 1851, remarked to the editor of these Annals at the end of
a long life, — ninety-one years, — that she had not found any resort in
Europe comparable to Brattleboro in that respect. Another traveler has
spoken of the "magnetism of old Brattleborough."
Many New Yorkers brought with them horses and carriages, and expen- ■
sive turnouts with liveried coachmen, and tested the reputation of the
town for having a new and delightful drive for every day in the month.
On summer afternoons the line of carriages in waiting for their owners
extended from the Water-Cure buildings on Elliot Street to Main.
Fanny Fern wrote of these drives: "It is strange to me that every one
doesn't live in Brattleborough. There is not an ugly walk or drive in
the whole town. I'm exhausted admiring things. I sat on the coachman's
box yesterday, and forbade him, as we drove along, to tell me of any
more 'Broad Brook roads,' and 'Cascades,' or 'waterfalls,' 'till I was able
to bear it. That's the state I am in, and Vermont is answerable for it."
Left a widow in 1851 with two little girls, Fanny Fern wrote for The
New York Ledger an article every day for sixteen years, beginning in
1856. Seventy thousand copies of her "Fern Leaves" were sold in the
United States. "Little Ferns for Fanny's Little Friends" sold to the
number of sixty-two thousand in the United States, and forty-eight
thousand in England. She was a noble-looking woman who walked like
a queen and was far removed from the type of the authoress of that day.
When a girl in Catherine Beecher's school, Hartford, her habit, was to curl
her hair on leaves torn out of Euclid.
More often enjoyed than any other was the drive to Bliss Farm, as
within a radius of a few miles it included so much of the natural beauty
characteristic of the Vermont landscape, — mountain and river, fields and
woodlands carpeted with wild flowers, the trailing arbutus not yet up-
rooted from the natural soil, the shaded roads along a cool, stony, trout
brook on whose banks ferns and maidenhair loved to grow and, at the
crown of the hill, the backward look on the supreme view.
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 579
Another objective in the same general direction was the Scott Farm,
where Rufus Scott settled in 1840. At the height of the Water-Cure's
prosperity and for many years afterwards, suppers of brook trout and
waffles with maple syrup were served at his house to order. The names
of those who partook of that delectable fare were registered in the Scott's
Visitors' Book, — still in existence, — the beaux and belles of the elite,
with comments attached in verse or by penciled sketch ; many an old
romance unknown to the present generation, or long since forgotten, is
therein revealed.
The river was utilized for boating, as it has never been since the Water-
Cure period, by summer guests drawn thither by the moving beauty of
the landscape; for the same river that loiters past meadows above and
below Brattleboro, here enters a narrow and winding valley clothed with
a luxurious greenness, and rushes between a densely wooded mountain
and terraces irregular in height and direction made by the West River and
Whetstone Brook in conjunction with the Connecticut, at the entrance of
the valley north and south. The Wickopee Club was one among several
boat clubs.
An invitation to a boat race we have here :
JULY FOURTH 1
Pic-Nic, Regatta, Archery, Wherry Race, &c.
A general invitation is extended by the Committee of Arrangements,
to all whose tastes would lead them to a quiet and social enjoyment of
the Anniversary, to join in a Pic-Nic at the Grove on the west bank of
the Connecticut, near Norcross' Ferry.
The arrangement, so far as perfected, proposes a three mile Regatta
between the race boats, "Buckner Brothers," "Surprise" and "Eureka,"
at 10 A. M., for a Prize Flag and pair of Boat Hooks.
At 11 o'clock, the Ladies will compete in Archery, the victor to receive
a laurel wreath and Silver Arrow.
At 12 o'clock the contents of the individual baskets will be partaken of.
At 1 o'clock, a Wherry Race, for a champion flag, open to all competi-
tors.
This poem was written for the Boat Club Levee, March 31, 1859, by
an unknown author.
Where the swift waters flow
In the soft summer's glow;
580 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
On the bright tide,
Down toward the sunny sea
Light breezes blowing free,
Cheerily, merrily,
Gently we glide.
Where the strong currents sweep
Down by the mountain's steep.
And the winds roar.
And the chafed waters chide
Up 'gainst the opposing tide,
Will we with manly pride
Bend to the oar.
So when life's current flows
Rippling 'neath skies of rose.
Mid mirth and song.
With the bright heaven above
Onward we gently move.
O'er the soft tide of love
Floating along.
And when the torrent strong
Of passion, woe, and wrong
Against us pours.
Will we with hearts as high.
Gallantly, manfully
Struggling for victory.
Bend to our oars.
Among the patients and guests at the Water-Cure were the poet Long-
fellow and his brother Samuel; Miss Katherine Beecher; Doctor Kane,
the Arctic explorer^ (his name, carved on the trunk of a mighty pine'
beyond the Miles School, was legible as late as 1865 ; under the shade of
this tree he would rest after the long walk and enjoy his favorite view
of the West River Valley) ; Mr. and Mrs. James Parton, the nom-de-
plume of the latter being "Fanny Fern" ; Count Gurowski ; Baron van
Limburg, minister from The Hague, and his wife, a daughter of General
Cass; James Russell Lowell; Professor Jared Sparks of Cambridge;
Major E. G. Halpine, known as "Private Miles O'Reilly" ; Helen Hunt,
1 After the Grinnell expedition in search of Sir John Franklin spent some months
here.
^ The American Forestry Association has nominated the Kane Pine to a place
in their Hall of Fame for Trees.
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 581
afterwards Mrs. Jackson; Count La Porte, Harvard professor, who in
1830 was minister of finance under Charles X of France; Alfred
Schemerhorn, Philip Hone, George T. Strong, Meredith Howland, Robert
L. Cutting, Richard H. Dana of New York and his sister Juliette, who
married General Viele; from Boston, F. Hunnewell, S. B. Slesinger,
James Lodge, E. T. Loring, F. W. Perkins, H. Amory, Captain John Cod-
m'an and others; from New Haven, several members of the Trowbridge
family and Edward H. Townsend; Mr. and Mrs. Rufus King and George
Ward Nichols from Cincinnati; Miss Caroline Keyes of Putney; Mrs.
Isaac H. Hornblower and her daughter Emily, who married one of the
Williamson family of New Jersey, and returned as a summer visitor from
time to time as long as she lived; Francis Boott and his sister, Mrs.
Frances B. Greenough of Boston, with her children ; the Misses Parker ;
Miss Myra Finn, who became the wife of Colonel Charles A. Miles, and
her sister Caroline ; Charles O. Simpson and his daughter Anna, who
came year after year (Mr. Simpson gave the name Staubbach, after the
famous German waterfall, to the nearly perpendicular drop of sixty feet,
where the water of Fall Brook on its way to West River, beyond West
Dummerston, runs over an abrupt ledge of rock) ; Edward Yorke and
his two accomplished daughters. Miss Sarah, who married Cornelius
Stevenson of Philadelphia, and Miss Mary, who taught French in Brat-
tleboro and later married Maurice, son of Charles Kingsley, the author
of "Westward Ho !" ; Senator Fessenden of Maine ; ex-Governor Seymour
of New York, and — after the war — General George McClellan, General
William T. Sherman, General Charles Devens, William D. Howells, Count
and Countess Esterhazy of the Austrian legation; and of those who
became permanent residents. Captain Henry Devens and a sister; Mrs.
Richard Howland and her sister, Miss Martha Barker; Mr. and Mrs.
Joseph N. Balestier; Doctor and Mrs. Francis J. Higginson; Honorable
George Folsom and his family; Mr. James Dalton and his sister. Miss
Caroline Dalton; Professor Elie Charlier; Mr. and Mrs. William H.
Fuller and their five daughters.
Mrs. Walden Pell, a widow with six interesting daughters, was living
in the Blake mansion in 1848-1849. She had a French governess for her
children, and a dancing school to which a few favored children of friends
were admitted. She moved to the house where Miss Peck had her school,
southwest of the Common, and finally to a brick house, corner of High
and Bullock Streets.
Very early in the history of the town, there were families in Brattleboro
whose minds and manners were those of citizens of the world. Nothing
provincial could be associated with the names Wells, Blake, Tyler, Hunt,
582 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Hall, Chapin, nor of many more who carried forward a like standard into
succeeding generations. Coming to maturity in times favorable for de-
velopment along natural lines, when the clergyman and the lawyer was
also a farmer; the man of trade versed in theology; when charity was
personal ; when there was time to assimilate experience, and each event
as it passed under observation was retained by the memory, their human
foundations were deep and strong, and their abounding wit had the tang
of the soil.
In the Water-Cure period, familiarity with the ways of people of other
lands and kinds permeated the common consciousness and the prevailing
attitude became one of hospitality to strangers and interest in their diver-
sity; and for this reason, while Brattleboro was never a typical summer
resort, — dependent for its economic existence on a transient population, —
few inland towns have had a spirit so cosmopolitan without losing the
local flavor and the simplicity of village life. This it was that gave the
town its peculiar charm and gathered here, as by natural gravitation to an
atmosphere conducive to individual expansion, men of various talents.
No rigid line of separation was drawn between the men who maintained
its business activities, the native-born whose careers were made elsewhere,
and those who came summer after summer for one-half of the year. All
belonged to Brattleboro. At no time in the history of the town has the
growth in population equaled that of the years between 1850 and 1860.
With the material prosperity that followed the Civil War there was a
rapid increase of summer resorts at the seashore, and fashion turned
away from the hill country. Then began the gradual decline of Brattle-
boro as a place of summer visitors. In 1851 Stephen W. Kimball, who
• was a native of Salem, Massachusetts, became an apprentice to a tanner
in Braintree from fourteen until he was twenty-one. In 1860 he came
to West Brattleboro and bought, with a Mr. Potter, the tannery owned
by Jeremiah and Benjamin Beals. He carried on a tanning and currying
business there until the tannery was destroyed by the freshet of 1869.
In 1872 he moved to this village and bought an interest in the Lawrence
Water-Cure. He had charge of converting the buildings into tenements
in 1873 and occupied, one of them until 1882.
The Wesselhoeft was sold by Mr. Francis in 1875 to his son-in-law,
Henry P. Duclos, a Vermonter born in Sheldon in 1840, who, being mus-
tered out here on his return from the war, married Mary B. Francis.
They moved to Hartford, Connecticut, where he was superintendent of
agencies of the Hartford Life and Annuity Company and was largely the
cause of its prosperity; he died there in 1885.
A quixotic devotion to animals, strangely out of relation to other char-
acteristics of Mr. and Mrs. Duclos, was evinced by their wills. His
THE WESSELHOEFT WATER-CURE 583
money, after the death of his wife, was given to trustees for the care of
two favorite horses, a white and yellow cat, and two dogs : when these
animals were dead the money was to be given to the Massachusetts Society
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
Mrs. Duclos lived on many years, absorbing her life more and more m
pet animals, for whom she built a refuge at Valencia near Albany, New
York, and whither she moved fifteen Mexican dogs, a "magnificent mas-
tiflf," an Irish setter, several birds, cats without number, and fine blooded
Jersey cows. She left by will $10,000 for the care of two miniature dogs.
Midget, a tan toy terrier and Tiny, a Mexican Chihuahua, weighing less
than two pounds, which were to be seen on the streets taking their daily
exercise at the end of a leash, under the supervision of the Misses Miller
(Misses Phila, Minnie and Gertrude) until released to the happy hunting
grounds of the canine species.
Mrs. Duclos gave her horses to William E. Putnam of Boston, with
$33,500 in trust for their care.
This letter by "Miss Farley" to The New York Star touches with life
the memory of the days of Brattleboro's glory:
It was about twenty years ago that I remember seeing Mrs. Helen Hunt
at the old Wesselhoeft Hotel in Brattleboro, Vermont, though I had
probably seen her earlier, as she, as well as my family, were in the habit
of spending the autumn at that place.
In those days Brattleboro was a lively place when the leaves were fall-
ing, for it was a resort for many gay people, and the old hotel that was
built for a water-cure establishment, was the scene of private theatricals,
tableaux, Jarley's wax works, hops, and a starting point for picnic parties.
I have a faint recollection of some of these gay afTairs, probably because
it was the first time in my life that I was permitted to be present at any
such entertainments; but, although I remember many names and faces
that were foremost in these gayeties, I do not remember that Mrs. Hunt
took an active part in any of them. Partly from my own recollections,
and partly from what I have since learned from my relatives in talking
over the occurrences of that autumn, it seems that the New Yorkers
must have taken the lead. Miss Kitty Parker, who had a superb voice,
and who has 'since married an Englishman [Osgood Field] was there
with her sister, Mrs. J. N. Balestier, Mrs. Wells [William Henry] and
the Misses Finn. Mrs. Hunt was the sensation. They say that she could
not speak without saying something entirely different from what any
other woman would have said.
There were two other women at the hotel for a few days, who, if they
have not become as famous as Mrs. Hunt, have earned enviable reputa-
■ tions. One was Sallie Joy, who recited one evening, and who is now the
584 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Mrs. White who is the president of the New England Woman's Press
Association. The other was Miss Helen Folsom, whose plain black gown
I well remember, with a cross at her side, who devoted her large fortune
and her energies to founding in this city the Sisterhood of St. John
Baptist, and who died some few years ago. Just previous to the time of
which I write, her brother, George W. Folsom, had married one of the
beautiful Fuller sisters, nieces of Margaret Fuller.
I have been in Brattleboro only once since that autumn, and found the
place much changed. The old Wesselhoeft is a tenement house, and
fashion moved away from that part of the town to a part that seemed far
less attractive in my eyes. The old rambling walks by the stream of
water, where seats were placed beneath the trees, were all destroyed to
give place to factories of various kinds. What it is now socially I do not
know, only it must still be beautiful; for no changes can destroy its
natural beauties.
December 12, 1890.
The Traveling Musician
Alonzo H. Hines was born January 11, 1839, the son of Isaac and
Hannah (Joy) Hines. Isaac Hines lived in the house on Green Street
now known as the Samuel S. Hunt house and later built the house in
which his son lived the greater part of his life. He was the carpenter
who built most of the houses at the west end of Green Street and in the
near-by neighborhood.
Alonzo Hines upon finishing his studies entered the employ of his
father and learned the trade of a carpenter, which he followed for a
number of years, until he decided to devote his entire time to orchestral
work. His early instruction on the piano was received from Professor
Christian F. Schuster, his lessons with this famous musician continuing
several years.
Mr. Hines's career as a piano and organ player at dances extended over
a period of fifty-two years. For about thirty years he used a quaint
specimen of the folding organ of that period which he carried thou-
sands of miles on his trips through the country. The instrument stood
on four legs, on which were pointed nails to keep it from slipping about.
A reminder of this old instrument is to be found on the platform of the
hall at Jacksonville where the floor is punctured, in perhaps a hundred
places. This is not to be wondered at when one is told that Mr. Hines
played at the Thanksgiving Eve ball in Jacksonville for thirty consecutive
years.
The predecessor to the Philharmonic orchestra of this town was the
Burnett and Higgins band organized in 1860 with Mr. Burnett violinist.
CHRISTIAN F. SCHDSTER
CORNET BAND
HONORABLE CHARLES N, DAVENPORT
RICHARDSON BROTHERS
TRAVELING MUSICIANS 585
Mr. Higgins cornetist, Mr. Norcross clarinetist, and Mr. Hines organist
and prompter. For twenty-five years it furnished all the music for dances
in the towns of Vernon, Whitingham, Dover, Wilmington, Readsboro,
Wardsboro, Jamaica, Londonderry, Walpole, Westmoreland, Chesterfield,
Hinsdale and Winchester. Countless stories are told of perilous trips
made by those hardy musicians, among which is one Mr. Hines used to
relate of a drive to South Londonderry in 1869 to play for a dance ; the
West River had gone on a rampage and every bridge between Brattleboro
and the destination of the musicians had been swept away ; the route
followed by Mr. Hines and his companions was forty miles, but the orches-
tra arrived on time. There was no way to cancel a date a few hours
before the scheduled time and dance managers never attempted to do so
on account of weather. If an orchestra had been hired to play on a certain
evening, the musicians were expected to be there regardless of weather
or any other conditions. Mr. Hines was never known to break an engage-
ment, though his friends have told of numerous incidents in which harness
and vehicle suffered damage before he arrived at the ball. On one occa-
sion Mr. Hines and his associates left Brattleboro for a long drive into
the West River country with the thermometer registering thirty-two
degrees below zero.
Mr. Hines was one of the most companionable of men, and it is related
of him that he never found fault concerning the numberless inconven-
iences which fell to the lot of traveling musicians in this part of the
country from twenty-five to fifty years ago. That his old organ has seen
use may be noted from the condition of the ivory, which has been entirely
worn away on the keys in the center of the keyboard.
He was organist of the old Baptist Church for a number of years and
for a short time in the present church. For about fifteen years he played
the organ in the Universalist Church.
He died in December, 1911.
Lewis S. Higgins came to Brattleboro as a stage driver in the Water-
Cure days, worked at carpentering later, was in the employ of the Stanley
Rule Company eighteen years, and for many years had a livery stable on
Oak Street.
Almost from the time of his appearance here, he sang bass and played
either the violin or the bass viol, and he played and prompted at dances
all through this section. In this capacity he was known to the younger
generation as "Uncle" Lewis Higgins.
Musical organizations of the fifties were:
The Cotillion Band, formed December 12, 1849. Lewis M. Burdett,
586 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
first violin; George Fowler, second violin; Oscar Sargent, cornet; A.
Farr, ophicleide; A. Goodenough, prompter.
The Brattleborough Brass Band, 1850.
Brattleborough Musical Society, in the early fifties.
A Quartette Club, 1856. Mrs. Henry Burnham, Riley Burdett, Robert
G. Hardie, C. L. Whiting.
Brattleborough Drum Corps, H. H. Hadley, leader, twenty-five pieces,
in 1857.
The earliest Cornet Band had Charles E. Ellis as leader, and J. F.
Steen, clerk. Alonzo Bond of Boston, leader, 1858.
Brattleborough Quadrille Band, 1859.
BROWN'S WOOD WHIPPLE STREET FLAT STREET
^IP*
-.^<:'
'♦-^
^^
RESIDENCE OF JOHN STODDARD
HENRY CLARK
It'
WILLIAM P. CUNE
D. STEWART PRATT
RESIDENCE OF
NORMAN F. CABOT
RESIDENCE OF
MRS. JOHN WELLS
CHAPTER LI
GUESTS OF THE WATER-CURE WHO
BECAME RESIDENTS
Guests of the Water-Cure who became residents — General Simon B. Buckner —
John Stoddard— Captain Henry Devens — William H. Fuller — Joseph N. Balestier
— James Dalton — Azor Marshall — Professor Elie Charlier.
Mrs. Richard Rowland — Miss Martha Rowland — The Rowland School.
General Simon B. Buckner was born on a Kentucky farm ; he gradu-
ated at the United States Military Academy in 1844 and joined the
Second Infantry. He was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant and
meritorious conduct at the battle of Churubusco, Mexico, in August,
1847, and captain for similar conduct three weeks later at MoHno del
Rey. He resigned from the United States Army in March, 1855. He
became brigadier-general in the Confederate Army in September, 1861,
was a prisoner of war from February to August, 1862, and became lieu-
tenant-general in 1864. General Buckner was governor of Kentucky
from 1887 to 1891, and was candidate for vice-president of the United
States on the Gold Democratic ticket in 1896. .
John Stoddard was a native of Northampton, Massachusetts, and
brother of Charles Stoddard, a well-known publisher of Boston. Pre-
vious to the Civil War he was a planter of great wealth, owning the whole
or a large part of the sea cotton- and rice-growing islands off the Georgia
coast, but war stripped him of his possessions.
In 1853 he built a house, designed by Richard Upjohn of New York,
at a cost of $10,000, expending as much on the ground ; this was sold to
Captain Henry Devens, by him in 1871 to Henry A. Willard of Washing-
ton, and to General Julius J. Estey in 1873.
Mr. Stoddard died in Savannah July 18, 1879, aged ninety. He was
remembered by the older generation as a man of generous and admirable
character.
Captain Henry Devens was a member of an old and honorable family
of Charlestown, Massachusetts, and a native of that town. His eldest
brother, Thomas, always lived in the old family mansion in Charlestown ;
588 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Richard, a younger brother, was for many years engaged in business in
China ; Edward attained distinction in the United States Navy during
the Civil War.
Captain Devens, of Gossler & Company, Boston, New York and Ham-
burg, was in the China trade in his younger days, saihng between Boston
and China as captain and supercargo for twenty years, and was for many
years the resident partner of the firm in China. For a long time this was
the principal firm in this country that imported mattings. He was a very
brave and able officer, and was said to have been the quickest man to
dispose of a cargo who appeared on the wharves of his day.
He came to Brattleboro in the early sixties, first to visit old family
friends. Doctor Charles Chapin and his sister, Mrs. Harris, and stopped
for a short time at the Wesselhoeft Water-Cure, when he bought the
Stoddard place, and soon afterwards the building known as the Devens
Block on Main Street. After coming here he furnished money to develop
the Curtis screw machine business, Langdon & Curtis, and sent Mr.
Curtis with it to Europe and to the Paris Exposition. He afterwards
invented a paint for the purpose of keeping the bottoms of vessels free
from barnacles.
He married January 4, 1865, Cornelia, daughter of William H. Fuller
of New York. When business compelled his return to China for a time,
he sold his place in 1871, and bought the Judge Asa Keyes place on North
Street. He died March 11, 1897, in the Bermudas, where he is buried.
After his death his wife and children lived in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and
the Bermudas, and traveled extensively in Europe, where Mrs. Devens
died August 26, 1901, in Lucerne, Switzerland.
Children : Frances F., married Colonel Charles Hamilton Vesturme-
Bunbury' ; Cornelia ; Henry, born September 23, 1868, and died ; Winifred,
born 1869, died 1874.
William H. Fuller, son of Timothy and Margaret (Crane) Fuller,
was born in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, in 1817, a brother of Mar-
garet Fuller, Countess d'Ossoli. He was at one time member of the
firm of McDonald & Fuller, provision brokers in New York, and lived
for a time in Cincinnati. He married Frances E., daughter of Daniel
and Deborah (Hammond) Hastings, born December 23, 1819, who died
May 18, 1885. He died January 5, 1878, aged sixty-one. Mrs. Fuller
and her daughters, remarkable for their beauty, lived in the house above
the Congregational Church on Main Street in the sixties.
Children :
Cornelia, married Captain Henry Devens.
1 English Army.
JOSEPH NER£E BALESTIER 589
Margaret F., married October 26, 1865, William Frothingham; died
December 9, 1873. A son, Samuel, born April 3, 1868, married April
27, 1896, Elinor Gertrude, daughter of George Augustus Meyer of
Boston. They live in Lenox.
Frances, married George W. Folsom. (See p. 745.)
Emily R., married April 10, 1871, Augustus A. Hayes. He was born at
Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, in 1837, graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1857, and spent some time in Brattleboro in the sixties. He
went to Shanghai, for sixteen years was a member of the house of
Olyphant & Company, and served at the defense of Shanghai against
the Taiping rebels. Returning to Boston in 1874, he took up his resi-
dence in New York.
He was editor of The Hour, author of "New Colorado and the
Sante Fe Trail," "The Denver Express," "Ranch of the Holy Cross,"
"The Jesuit's Ring," etc. He died in Paris in April, 1892. Their
daughter, Emily, born in China, married, first, John Alvord of New
York ; married, second, D. Br>-ant Turner of Denver. She died July
4, 1916, leaving daughters Florence and Evelyn.
Florence, married April 2, 1888, Joseph S. Whistler. He died .
William H., died December 21, 1870, at Omaha, aged twenty-three.
Julian.
Joseph Neree Balestier was born on the island of Martinique, West
Indies, April 1, 1814, and was brought to this country in infancy ; his
boyhood was passed in New York City with the family of an elder
brother. He graduated at the Columbia Law School and studied in the
law office of Robert Sedgwick. He met, as a guest of Mr. Kinzie in
charge of the Indian reservation at what is now Chicago, Caroline Starr
Wolcott, daughter of Doctor Henry and Mary A. Starr Wolcott of Middle-
town, Connecticut, whom he married in 1837.
He was one of the pioneer settlers of Chicago, practicing law there
from 1835 to 1841, and writing for The Chicago-American, a Whig
daily. He became largely interested in Chicago real estate, having suffi-
cient insight to prophesy its present greatness in an address delivered
when it was a town of only five thousand people. He took an active part
in the campaign for General Harrison in 1841, and was a speaker at cele-
bration meetings in Chicago which followed the election of "old Tippe-
canoe." An ardent Republican, he was sent as delegate to the conven-
tion which nominated Abraham Lincoln. He was a charter member of the
Century Club. He was a member of All Souls' Church in New York and
an intimate friend of its pastor. Reverend Henry Bellows.
Mr. and Mrs. Balestier spent a year and a half in European travel.
590 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
which developed his natural passion for art into a discriminating taste.
They had a valuable collection of paintings and engravings.
]\Irs. Balestier was a direct descendant of Roger Wolcott, colonial gov-
ernor of Connecticut, 1751-1754, and Oliver Wolcott (her grandfather),
governor in 1796-1797, signer of the Declaration and brigadier-general at
Saratoga. One of her uncles, the second Oliver Wolcott, was auditor
of the treasury under Washington, and secretary under John Adams. Dur-
ing the war Mrs. Balestier joined the Sanitary Commission as a regular
nurse. She was in appearance, manners, intellectual capacity and charac-
ter, worthy of her ancestry, a lady of true distinction. Attracted by the
scenery at Brattleboro while on a visit to the Water-Cure, they bought
land three miles from the village and in 1873 built a permanent residence
there. Mr. Balestier died September 15, 1880 ; Mrs. Balestier died June
1-4, 1901.
Children:
John A., lawyer in New York City, has a son, Elliot, who married
December 5, 1894, Miss Agnes Jones of Cranford, New Jersey.
Henry Wolcott, married in 1860 Anna, daughter of Honorable Peshine
Smith of Rochester, New York, an international lawyer of interna-
tional fame ; was adviser in that capacity to the Mikado, being prac-
tically secretary of state for Japan covering a period of five years;
he coined the word "telegram." Mr. Balestier died in 1870, aged
thirty; Mrs. Balestier died March 22, 1919, aged eighty-one. Chil-
dren:
Charles Wolcott, born December 13, 1861 ; died in Dresden, Sax-
ony, December 6, 1891. (See p. 979.)
Caroline Starr, married January 19, 1892, Rudyard Kipling. (See
p. 981.)
Josephine, married February 18, 1897, Doctor Theodore Dunham of
New York. Children: Theodore, Wolcott, Beatrice, Josephine.
Beatty S., born March 6, 1867; married September 13, 1890, Mary
Woodman, daughter of George A. Mendon; she died August 6,
1909. A daughter, Marjorie, married Arthur Randall.
Robert S., of Unadilla, New York, married Miss Fannie M. .
Joseph N., married Miss Anna Ireland of Philadelphia.
James Dalton was born in Boston January 10, 1828, the son of James
and Elizabeth Tilden Dalton. He attended the public schools, and at
seventeen went as sailor before the mast to India. After a second voyage,
he engaged in a commission business in Calcutta for eighteen years, was
in India at the time of the Sepoy Mutiny, and for two years subsequent
to 1863 was in the tea culture in Assam; but having contracted jungle
JAMES DALTON— AZOR MARSHALL 591
fever he was obliged to return home in 1867. He came to Brattleboro
for treatment in the Water-Cure, accompanied by his sister, Miss Caroline
Dalton, and while here became part owner in the Guilford Springs prop-
erty, of which he was manager and treasurer. Later he entered the office
of the Northeastern Mutual Life Insurance as secretary. Mr. Dalton,
being a man of general cultivation, was in later life of assistance in cata-
loguing books for the Brooks Library, and in other similar interests for
the benefit of the community.
He married October 28, 1869, Mary, daughter of Franklin H. Wheeler.
He died December 13, 1901.
Their daughter, Stella P., married August 19, 1896, Richard M. Dodge,
professor of geography in the Teachers College, Columbia University,
New York. Children : Stanley, Margaret, Philip, Edward.
Ethel Dalton, daughter of Samuel F. — a brother of James Dalton — and
Tacro Hall Dalton, born August 20, 1863, married Frederick W. Swift
of New York. She lived as a girl in Brattleboro with her aunt, Miss
Caroline M. Dalton, in the Cutts house, and attended the High School.
Miss Dalton died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, April 6, 1917, aged eighty.
AzoR Marsh.\ll, born in Beverly, Massachusetts, February 1, 1830,
was the son of Captain Azor Marshall, engaged in the East India trade.
He came to Brattleboro in the Water-Cure days, — his sister being the
wife of P. B. Francis. He married February 19, 1855, Ann E., daughter
of Daniel Esterbrook, and went to Wisconsin for five years with a small
colony of people from Brattleboro. They returned in 1861, and he was
for a few years an owner of the Stanley Rule and Level Company, and
was afterwards in the stove and tinware trade with A. E. Wood, the firm
being Wood & Marshall. He sold his interest to his partner in 1879.
Soon after the flood of 1869 Mr. Marshall, in company with his
brother-in-law, O. D. Esterbrook, erected the "Marshall and Esterbrook
building" on the west side of Main Street, near the bridge. He served
as lister for twenty-one years, was an incorporator of the Brattleboro
Savings Bank and a director of the Grange Store. He was a lifelong
Democrat of the conservative school. He died April 29, 1906, aged
seventy-six.
Mr. Marshall had a great love of nature and the outdoor life. He
built, in 1880, on the north shore of Spofford Lake, the first cottage erected
for recreation. While his son lived, father and son were constant com-
panions in tramping excursions. Mr. Marshall was also a man of general
592 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
intelligence, which his modest and quiet manner of life concealed from
everyone except his intimate friends.
Children :
Stella, married Fletcher Barrows. (See p. 918.)
Oscar (see p. 974), born in August, 1858; died May 24, 1893; married
September 25, 1883, Miss Katherine R. Brooks; she died July 29,
1906. Children : Elizabeth G., Oscar B.
Professor Elie Charlier was the son of a French Protestant clergy-
man who was one of a long line of Huguenot ancestors. He was born
in the north of France in 1827, came to this country in 1852 with a cash
capital of $36, when he landed at Castle Garden, and with two letters of
introduction, one to Mayor James Harper, the other to Richard C. Morse,
editor of The New York Observer. Acting on the advice of the former,
he began work at the first thing that offered, giving lessons in his native
language. Full of energy, courage and ability, he soon had a school of
small boys.
He was original in his methods and a strict disciplinarian ; by 1862 he
was in possession of a highly successful school in 24th Street, New York,
which grew to such proportions that in 1873 he erected and equipped
in West 59th Street, at a cost of $500,000, a fine large building named the
Charlier Institute. For ten years this school was one of the foremost
in the country, attracting to the boarding department many boys of for-
eign origin, especially boys from Cuba and South America. His son,
Elie Stacy Charlier, had the management of the school from 1885 but
it gradually declined, was given up, and the building was sold to La Salle
Institute in 1887.
In 1856 he married Jeannette, daughter of Davis Bevins Stacy of Phila-
delphia ; her mother, Sarah Van Dyke Stacy, was a native of Holland
and of Huguenot descent, but married an American gentleman resident
for many years in Chester, Pennsylvania. She died in Brattleboro August
31, 1873.
About 1866 Professor Charlier came to Brattleboro to spend his sum-
mers at the Water-Cure, and purchased, late in 1871, the "Buckner place,"
where he lived with his large family until 1886. In 1875 he bought a
farm on the borders of Spofford Lake, known as the "Colony place." He
was a man of intense and dominant feelings. Personal troubles and pro-
tracted ill health led him to spend ten or twelve of his last years in travel.
He sold his residence in Brattleboro to George E. Crowell in 1887.
The Charlier home was a most hospitable one, in which a large circle
of friends were ever welcome and where the six sons and daughters
attracted many young people. Mrs. Charlier was a lady of much charm.
RESIDENCE OF
DOCTOR HIGGINSON
RESIDENCE OF
COMMODORE GREENE
RESIDENCE OF LOVELL FARR
RESIDENCE OF
FERDINAND TYLER
RESIDENCE OF
JUDGE KELLOGG
ELIOT STREET
- — •..■•Si ] ^••ffV
ll{i:i^jj-j-j-i-a|FT3|L
STUMP OF OLD ELM
THE OMNIBUS
ELIOT STREET
CEMETARY HILL FROM ROOF
OF VAN DOORN HOUSE
FROM HINSDALE ROAD
THE ROWLAND SCHOOL 593
Her gracious manners, sense of humor and kind heart made her greatly
beloved. As Jeannette Stacy she was born of a well-known family in the
Society of Friends at Chester, Pennsylvania, where she passed the last
ten years of her life, and where she died at the home of her sister, Mrs.
Eyer, in the spring of 1912, at the age of eighty-five.
Children :
Winona de Clyver, married June 23, 1881, Doctor J. Tracy Edson of
New York. Children :
Elie Stacy.
Constance de Clyver, a professional violinist, married December 22,
1911, Charles L. Seeger, Junior, of New York, a musical composer
and conductor ; later professor in the university at Berkeley, Cali-
fornia.
Elie Stacy, married November 3, 1885, Miss Ella Ridgway Howell of
Philadelphia. A daughter, Jeannette, married Henry Davison of
Philadelphia and has two children.
Jennie S., married Charles Forward of Colon ; died at Colon May 8,
1886.
Daniel H., died of yellow fever in Panama August 17, 1886, aged
twenty-one.
Van Dyke E., married Miss Augusta Miller of New York; married a
second time. He died, leaving four children.
Marie Van Dyke, married, first, November 16, 1881, Haughwort
Howe; second, November 23, 1888, Frederick A. Brown; third,
Captain Templin Potts, a naval attache at Berlin, later in charge of
the Bureau of Navigation at Washington.
The Rowland School
Martha Barker was the youngest of nine children of Judge Josiah and
Elizabeth Folger Barker, and was born in Nantucket June 8, 1806. She
first came to Brattleboro to place an invalid sister at the Wesselhoeft
Water-Cure, and subsequently bought Deacon Dwinell's house on Asylum
(now Linden) Street where, with another sister, Mrs. Richard G. How-
land (born September 14, 1813, died April 30, 1880), she opened a board-
ing and day school for girls. Their mother was a Quaker preacher who
made several pilgrimages to Europe in the interests of her faith, and it
was a family whose scholarly and literary instincts had been inherited
through many generations.
The school was patronized for years by parents who were glad to
entrust their daughters to the nurture of gentlewomen of their traditions
and education. The first catalogue specified that "a simple style of dress"
594 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
would be adopted by the pupils. Mrs. Rowland's daughter, Elizabeth B.
Howland (born September 14, 1843), taught in the school from an early
age and continued it until her death, July 2, 1893, at the age of forty-nine.
Martha Barker died March 5, 1896, aged ninety.
Others of that family living here were: Josiah Barker, died November
11, 1860, aged seventy-one ; Eliza Barker, died September 23, 1860, aged
seventy; Sarah Barker, died November 10, 1877, aged eighty-one.
MAIN STREET
MAIN STREET
X DICKINSON'S HALL
MAIN STREET LOOKING NORTH
MAIN STREET LOOKING SOUTH
CHAPTER LII
THE EAST VILLAGE
The East Village in 1844 — The paper mill — The Vermont Savings Bank.
In 1844 the East Village, of one thousand five hundred inhabitants,
was of the distinctly rural type, rows of wooden buildings on the main
street being used for business and in part for private purposes.
Beginning at Whetstone Brook, the first building on the east side of
Main Street was Nathan Woodcock's large, two-story, white painted
dwelling house, only the well-to-do at that time having painted houses.
In the rear of this house was the machine shop of Hines & Newman,
looking very much as at the present time. Next came the brick house of
Anthony Van Doom, which is still standing, and the only men's ready-
made clothing store, kept by Fred F. Franks : this was a small, two-
story building with high basement in which was the Brattleboro market.
The Phoenix House, afterwards the American, which looked much the
same to the end of its existence, barring the pillars which were added,
came next. Then came a block of four stores, the front of all being some
twenty or thirty feet farther back than at present. These stores were
occupied by G. and C. Lawrence for general merchandise, a bookstore,
the Esterbrook tin shop and Jonas Cutler's bakery. At the north end
of this block was another large white dwelling house, owned and occupied
by John H. Wheeler, one of the successful merchants.
The store now owned by Goodnow, Pearson & Hunt was occupied by
Horace D. Brackett, a skilled jeweler for those days. Next came John
H. Wheeler's general store, over which was the historic Wheeler's Hall,
then the stores of Zelotes Dickinson, W. P. Cune, dry goods, and A. E.
Dwinell, dry goods. Just in front of this block of stores stood a mag-
nificent elm, which remained until the store fronts were brought for-
ward in their present form. Most of the merchants kept everything that
was sold in a general store, including liquors, which at that period were
principally old Santa Cruz rum, new rum, Holland gin, and brandy.
North of this building was the old wooden building called Ryther's
Arcade, where the only negro in town, named Bradshaw, kept the only
barber shop, and in addition a restaurant where the first ice cream was
596 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
made for the "first" families. Mrs. Bradshaw was a famous cook and this
restaurant was liberally patronized. Adjoining this on the north was a
long, two-and-one-half-story wooden building called "Hall's long build-
ing," standing where the Hooker brick block now stands. In this building
was a millinery shop, Thompson & Ranger's jewelry store, two shoe-
maker's shops, one of which was that of the self-made botanist, Charles
C. Frost, carried on in the same place for fifty years: the post office was
also in this building, Franklin H. Fessenden, postmaster.
After quite an open space came the wooden store of Hall & Townsley
(C. Townsley & Son advertised in 1844 "Braiders wanted for Palm leaf
hats to be paid in goods on receipt of hats"), the stone store of N. B.
Williston (hardware, drugs, etc.), about half as large as at present, which
was flanked on the north by his own home and farther on by the famous
Vermont House, whose proprietor. Captain Lord, commanded the crack
military company. This hotel, subsequently destroyed by fire, was about
on the. site of the Town Hall. A little farther up the street was the Clapp
brick house. Then we come to the only bank of any kind in town, kept
in a small, two-story yellow brick building, — Epaphroditus Seymour, presi-
dent, and Horatio S. Noyes, cashier.
Above was the Congregational Church, next a house owned and occu-
pied by Mrs. Francis Goodhue, then the fine, large, brick house built by
Deacon John Holbrook, the houses of Wells Goodhue, Major Henry
Smith and Judge Lemuel Whitney. There were no other buildings until
at the top of a slight hill stood the house of Joseph Steen, then came the
Waite house, removed to add to the residential property of J. Harry
Estey. Beyond this was a little, one-story house used by the Congrega-
tionalists as a parsonage, and the house of Asa Keyes on the site of
the Devens house, which completed the buildings in that direction. Judge
Keyes's house was a little two-room structure, a sample of many such in
various parts of the town.
On the triangle between North Main Street and Linden Street were
but five houses, one on the northeast corner being that of the Tyler
family. South of this was the residence of Doctor Dickerman, said to
have been the first physician to reside in the East Village. Crossing over
the Common to Linden Street we are reminded that in 1844 this place,
now beautiful with shade trees and shapely walks, was then a sandy plain
traversed in every direction by teams. On the northwest corner stood
the district schoolhouse, the first one built in this village. Harris Place,
Walnut and Terrace Streets were owned by Spencer & Kingsley and
afterwards by Edward Kirkland. As late as 1852 Van Amburgh's circus
and caravan showed about where the Childs and Cabot houses now stand
THE EAST VILLAGE IN 1844 ' 597
on Terrace Street. North and Tyler Streets were owned by N. B. Willis-
ton; Chapin, Williston and Grove Streets were a part of Wells Goodhue's
farm, and were in each case open pasture land. Oak Street was unknown.
C f' Thompson and Augustus M. Shepherd of New York set out the
rows of elms which form the chief beauty of Oak Street today, and
Mr. Thompson was one of three workers who transformed a barren
stretch of land into the village Common.
Facing the Common was a house occupied by J. D. Bradley, which was
moved to North Street^ to make way for the spacious house afterwards
built by George Folsom, then United States minister to The Hague.
Proceeding south from the schoolhouse, the first dwelling was built by
Nathaniel Bliss— an old-fashioned structure standing on 'the site of the
Cutts place, then the house of Deacon John Holbrook, which is now stand-
incr then only two houses before reaching the High School lot, upon which
st^ a poor apology for a High School house, the principal being Profes-
sor Mellen Chamberlain of Boston.
Next came the house and shop of John Burnham, a worker in silver and
brass whose handmade silver spoons, made from six Spanish mill dollars,
won him a great reputation. Next came the old Unitarian church buildmg
and from there four houses, one of which was the original Knight
. place, which brought one down to the house built by Honorable Jona-
than Hunt, whose last occupant was Colonel Hooker. A one-story build-
ing stood on one corner of this lot which was occupied by lawyers of the
town. The last house on High Street and the Avenue, on that side, was
the Hannibal Hadley house. The upper end of Green Street was so
remote that it was thought barely safe for children to go there alone.
The brick store on the corner opposite to the Hunt house had two or
three tenants before Joseph Steen occupied it as a bookstore. Next came
the house and ample grounds of Mrs. Mary Chapin, who owned all the
lands south of the old Stage-House and upon which were two small build-
ings used for stores. The Stage-House, with its high, two-storied portico
and large fluted pillars, was the most conspicuous building in the village.
Around it with its ample grounds and stables centered daily much public
interest, for it was the starting place for the five lines of stages leading
to various points, and every morning as many coaches started off with
four or six horses. This was five years before the coming of the railroad
and at a time when Silas M. Waite acted as stage agent, having a little
office in one corner of the hotel. John R. Blake had a fine residence with
extensive grounds guarded by a high fence on the corner of Elliot and
Main Streets. Crossing the street and on the site of the Peoples Bank
1 Taken down by George Dunham to make way for residential site.
598 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
was one of those little, one-story, two-room buildings, occupied first by
Samuel Elliot, afterwards by L. G. Mead as a law office and later as a
millinery shop. Next came Ashbel Dickinson's store, on the site of the
Cox block, which he occupied as a tinsmith; then the old yellow build-
ing, for many years occupied by Thomas Judge. Below this was a row
of open horse sheds and a large barn belonging to the Phoenix House.
Crossing Flat Street, there was a small shoe store occupied by the Frosts,
then Button & Clark's hardware and drug store and A. Van Doom's
large furniture factory, where Mr. Conant began the manufacture of
violins, and this brought one to the brook. Jacob Estey had a small build-
ing for his plumbing business on the site of the Brattleboro House.
South Main Street ran directly toward and up Cemetery Hill, the road-
way being steep and without sidewalks. There were four or five houses
before reaching the top of the hill, one of which was the Root homestead,
now standing. On Prospect Hill the old part of the cemetery occupied
the brow of the hill on one side of the road to Guilford; on the other
side stood just two houses — the Thomas house, later built over into a two-
story dwelling, and the one next beyond. All the rest of the broad
plateau was covered with gray and white oak, chestnut and a few pines
and maples; partridge shooting was good up there in its season. Lewis
Putnam built the first houses.
On Flat Street there were the Barber tannery, Hyde & Hardie's hat
manufactory, two or three houses and a blacksmith shop, the street
extending about half its present length and turning abruptly up into
Elliot Street. Elliot Street extended but a little way west of the Simonds
house, owned by Lovell Farr, a famous stage proprietor. Samuel Elliot's
fine house, as it then was, now standing,' and his grounds, together with
the Blake property, took about all the north side of the street, though
the Baptist Church occupied the corner where the old building now
stands. On the south side of the street were three or four houses,
together with the Congregational chapel, one of the houses being occupied
by Mr. Bridge, another stage contractor. Western Avenue, now having
houses its whole length to West Brattleboro, had at that time not over
five or six dwellings ; the land on either side from the top of the hill,
including Forest Square, was yielding to its owners good returns of corn,
oats, potatoes and pasturage. Careful mothers thought it not safe for
their children to stray too far away in that direction in search of blue-
berries. Orlin Clark & Company and Dunklee & Clark were the mer-
chants in West Brattleboro.
The Universalist Church stood on the corner of Canal and Clark
1 Taken down in 1920.
THE PAPER MILL 599
Streets, the same building later owned and occupied by the Alexanders.
Elliot and Canal Streets were country roads running out through country
spaces. The noted John Wilson about this time ran an old-fashioned
steam sawmill on the site of the engine house just below the railroad
station.
One of the oldest houses stood upon the site of the Brooks Library
and was for many years owned and occupied by Colonel Joseph Goodhue,
a director in the bank and prominent in all matters pertaining to the
welfare of the town.
William E. Ryther published The Phoenix and Mr. Nichols The Wind-
ham County Democrat at this time, Mrs. Nichols, the wife of the pub-
lisher, being the managing editor. These with The Asylum Journal,
published at the Vermont Asylum, had but one competitor in the county,
the Bellows Falls paper.
The Paper Mill
From 1844 the "old paper mill" has been devoted exclusively to the
manufacture of paper.
In 1848 Nathan Woodcock, the former partner of Elihu Thomas, and
Timothy Vinton, his brother-in-law, took the mill on a lease of five years.
In September, 1857, the mill was again burned, but immediately rebuilt
on the present site. It was operated by Woodcock & Vinton until the
death of Mr. Woodcock, when Mr. Vinton bought out the heirs and car-
ried on the business until his death in 1890.
In the early days of the Woodcock-Vinton partnership the product of
the mill was entirely a stiff paper used for cards, and during the life of
Timothy Vinton the output amounted to 500 pounds a day. He also
started making newspaper sheeting and furnished most of the local print-
ers with their supply.
With the death of Timothy Vinton in 1890, the property went to his
son, William H. Vinton, who installed more modern equipment and
machinery, and increased the output of the factory to about 1500 pounds
a day.
About 1893 the B. O. Meyers Company, later called the Sutphin Paper
Company, sent a man to England to secure the formula for matrix paper
used entirely in stereotyping. Upon his return the contract for making
the paper for the Meyers Company was given the Vinton paper mill. In
the course of time the formula was somewhat changed by W. H. Vinton,
and it was said that the resultant product was the best matrix paper made
in the world. All other paper making was abandoned and the only output
was matrix paper. For a number of years it was the only mill in the
country producing matrix paper, although there are at present five or
600 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
six other mills. There was little or no competition, under the skilled
management of W. B. Vinton, yet the output of the company was increased
to from 3500 to 4400 pounds per day. His sudden death in 1919 followed
soon after that of his father, W. H. Vinton, in 1916.
The business of manufacturing matrix paper is still being carried on
by the Vinton Company.
The Vermont Savings Bank
Larkin G. Mead, who was president of the Typographic Company,
realizing the need of a place where the employees of that company could
deposit earnings above those necessary for their support, established the
first savings bank, which was chartered October 24, 1846, as the Wind-
ham Provident Institution for Savings. Its first incorporators were
prominently identified with the professional and commercial interests of
the town. Among the number were Gardner C. Hall, Larkin G. Mead,
H. S. Noyes, Asa Keyes, Henry Smith, Joseph Steen, N. B. Williston,
Samuel Button, Ebenezer Howe, Wells Goodhue, Calvin Townsley,
W. H. Rockwell and C. F. Thompson.
The first meeting for organization was held in Mr. Mead's law oflfiice
December 2, 1846, when he was chosen president. A month later, how-
ever, January 1, 1847, N. B. Williston was elected president ; Daniel
Kellogg, vice-president ; L. G. Mead, treasurer, and Joseph Clark, secre-
tary. The first annual report, January 18, 1848, showed three hundred
and thirty-four depositors, whose combined deposits amounted to
$43,180.30. The amount withdrawn during that year was $3,486.78. Mr.
Williston continued to discharge the duties of president for ten years,
till 1857, when he was succeeded by Daniel Kellogg, who served one year
and in turn was succeeded by Samuel Dutton, who served six years.
Lafayette Clark was president for four years till 1868, when George
Newman was elected and served one year, at the expiration of which
time he was chosen secretary and treasurer and Mr. Mead was again
elected to the presidency. Ex-Governor Frederick Holbrook was made
president of the bank in 1870. Mr. Newman continued as treasurer from
January 18, 1869, till his death in 1872, when Norman F. Cabot succeeded
to the office. The institution grew under his supervision until it became
second in financial strength in the list of savings institutions in the state,
the amount of its deposits being $3,108,323.43, with a reserve fund of
$158,000, and other surplus amounting to $150,000. In 1867 Malcolm
Moody^ became the bank's assistant treasurer, holding the office for
twenty-three years, until his removal to California.
^ Malcolm Moody married Miss Dora I. Wyman, who died August 24, 1874, aged
twenty-seven years five months. A daughter, Dora, married May 20, 1901, Doctor
THE VERMONT SAVINGS BANK 601
An annual meeting of the directors, instituted by Mr. Cabot, was
usually well attended by about thirty residents of Brattleboro, Newfane,
Guilford and Vernon, when the treasurer's report was delivered, "inter-
spersed with a detail of information, which was cleverly robbed of all
monotony by the pungent and characteristic wit of the Treasurer who
presided at a dinner which followed at the Brooks House, younger men,
worthy successors of former officers and depositors, adding to the number
of those present." ^
The bank bought the Main Street site on which stands the three-story
brick banking house, February 14, 1868. The first bank building stood
on the ground just in front of the present Congregational chapel. The
bank's first depositor was Stephen Sargent, who brought down from his
Westminster home his first savings of $30 to be placed in what was then
considered the strongest institution in the state : on the same day Charles
S. Frost, later a resident of Wooster, Ohio, opened account Number 12
with a deposit of $10.
Charles H. Pratt attended the High School, and was employed before
and after school hours in this bank, to which he devoted his entire busi-
ness life. After his graduation he became bookkeeper in the institution
June 1, 1873. November 1, 1890, on the resignation of Assistant
Treasurer Malcolm Moody, Mr. Pratt was made assistant treasurer. He
became treasurer January 1, 1902, succeeding Mr. Norman F. Cabot,
and in June, 1909, he became president, succeeding ex-Governor Fred-
erick Holbrook. On the death of Mr. Pratt, November 9, 1917, Harry
P. Webster became president and Fred C. Adams, treasurer.
Thomas M. Williams. Children: Rhona, Betty. Mr. Moody died in California
February 1, 1904.
1 Vermont Phoenix.
CHAPTER LIII
THE SEMI-WEEKLY EAGLE
The Semi-Weekly Eagle — Broughton D. Harris, William B. Hale, editors — Notes
from the Eagle of the Brattleboro Thief Detecting Society- — The Brattleboro
Shade Tree Association.
The Semi-Weekly Eagle was started, owned and edited by Broughton
D. Harris (see p. 685) and William B. Hale, both very young men at the
time the first number appeared, August 10, 1847, and they continued its
publication about three years, the paper having a circulation of approxi-
mately fifteen hundred copies.
The Semi-Weekly Eagle under the editorship of these young men was
a great advance, in the variety of subjects presented and the intelligence
with which they were treated, on the papers that preceded it. European
news held a conspicuous place, as did the movements of royalties and
foreign statesmen, and there were frequent letters from European corre-
spondents. The main issues of our own political situation were reported
and commented on. There was a column of literary and one of religious
intelligence. Agriculture was a subject considered in almost every num-
ber of the paper. With the exception of the notices of marriages and
deaths and advertisements, the paper might have been published in any
other New England town ; there was no local news or flavor. Among the
death notices were those of men living in other parts of the country,
eminent in public life.
The announcements of marriage were often accompanied by comments
on the bride and groom or their circumstances. This had been the custom
from the earliest time. As an example we give one from 1778 :
Mr. Solomon Phelps of Marlborough in the State of New York was
married to the amiable Miss Patty Hunt a young Lady of Pious Life
and genteel Fortune.
In some localities, especially in the South of that time, the politics of the
families were mentioned.
But "personals," as we have them, were unknown until late in the
sixties, and not until the seventies did the mania for publicity sweep the
THE SEMI-WEEKLY EAGLE G03
country. Verses by "home talent" appear in almost every issue of news-
papers from 1830 to 1865. They are saturated with a kind of sentimen-
tality long out of fashion : "Lovely Woman" as inspirer, guide, the source
of all man's happiness, or, when fickle and heartless, the cause of "ever-
lasting misery" ; "Lines suggested at the time of the marriage of " ;
"Thoughts for Mrs. C. as she views the photograph of her lost Minnie" ;
"Lines suggested by meditating on what a departed friend might be sup-
posed to say, were she permitted from her abode of bliss, to address the
objects of her fondest earthly regard" ; "Verses Written by a Gentleman
on receiving a pair of slippers from a Lady" ; "Tell him I love him yet" ;
"Death-bed scene of Mrs. L." ; eighteen verses by Mrs. B. "respectfully
inscribed to her beloved father, brother, and sister expressive of her
gratitude and afifectionate remembrance, on receiving from them, in May,
a box of flowers, some wild, and some cultivated." These- are printed
side by side with poems of merit by well-known writers, such as Mrs.
Hemans and Mrs. Sigourney.
When the position of secretary of the Territory of Utah was accepted
by Mr. Harris, Mr. Hale went as cashier of the bank to Winchester, New
Hampshire, and the paper was sold to a group of men in the country,
interested in having the patronage of a paper to express their political
preferences ; the management was given to Pliny H. White, a young law-
yer residing in Wardsboro. He rerhained in charge only about a year,
as the task was an uncongenial one to his literary talents, and Mr. Harris,
returning from Utah, enlarged the paper, changed it to a weekly and
conducted it until 1855, when owing to changes in politics it had served
its purpose, and was united with The Vermont Statesman, O. H. Piatt,
manager.
(From The Semi-Weekly Eagle, September 3, 1847)
Brattleboro Thief Detecting Society
The members of this society held their annual meeting on 2nd inst.
By the directors' report it appeared the amount of bonds in the hands of
the treasurer was $57.79. C. Townsley, C. Chapin and E. Seymour were
appointed a committee to nominate officers for the ensuing year, who
reported the following, who were afterwards unanimously elected.
President : Joseph Goodhue ; directors : L. G. Mead, Joseph Steen, Geo.
Newman; treasurer: Zelotes Dickinson; secretary: Joseph Clark; pur-
suers : Nathan Miller, Lovell Farr, D. P. Kingsley, David Goodell, E. W.
Prouty, Geo. C. Lawrence, Samuel Dutton, Frederick Franks^ J. H. Esta-
brook, T. C. Lord, Geo. Bugbee and Ferdinand Tyler.
Reuben Spaulding, A. E. Dwinell and J. H. Wheeler were appointed a
committee to obtain new members.
604 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Voted : That the Directors be instructed to offer a reward of $10.00
for the detection of the persons who recently destroyed the fruit and
fruit trees of Mr. Rufus Clark.
J. Clark, Secretary.
September 3, 1847.
THE BRATTLEBORO SHADE TREE ASSOCIATION
The articles of agreement of the association were :
The members of this association, believing that shade trees are orna-
mental and beneficial, and that our village is deficient in this particular,
have formed themselves into an association for the purpose of planting
and maintaining shade trees in our village and mainly and more especially,
at present,' upon the village common, and any other improvement deemed
advisable. Any person, by paying the sum of $1.00 becomes a member
of this association, all moneys to be expended by a board of three directors
according to their best judgment and discretion, the directors to be chosen
annually by the association on the last Tuesday in June.
Directors : C. F. Thompson, B. K. Chase, John M. Comegys, August
1, 1856.
Among the subscribers were such well-known names as those of Joseph
Goodhue, Joseph Steen, Riley Burdett, O. R. Post, Ferdinand Tyler,
L. G. Mead, S. Root, Frederick Holbrook, Edward Kirkland, James Fisk
(father and son), Wells Goodhue, Richards Bradley, George Baty Blake
and T. P. Greene.
Annual subscriptions to the funds of this association were kept up as
late as 1870, and payments for work done are entered each year up to
1877.
CHAPTER LIV
THE POST OFFICE
The Post Office. Major Henry Smith, General Franklin H. Fessenden, Samuel
Dutton, Asher Spencer, George Kellogg, Daniel Kellogg, Junior, Ranslure W.
Clarke, Charles H. Mansur, Frederick W. Childs, postmasters.
The Brattleboro stamp — Frederick N. Palmer.
The first building to be occupied exclusively by the post office was built
in 1849, during the second term of Franklin H. Fessenden, located, as
near as can be determined, just north of the Blake dwelling, now Crosby
Block. He had been postmaster from March 23, 1842, to July 3, 1845,
when the office was filled by Frederick N. Palmer, who was followed
November 22, 1848, by Henry Smith. Postmaster Dutton in 1853
removed the office to a store vacated by Hayes & Woodard, clothiers, in
Central Block. About ten years thereafter the office was moved by Post-
master D. Kellogg, Junior, to a room in the south side of the Town Hall
building, where it remained until October, 1886, when a new and commo-
dious office, fitted up by the town, was established on the opposite side of
the building, having nine hundred lock and six hundred call boxes of
improved pattern, with a floor space of nearly one thousand square feet.
Henry Smith was postmaster from November 22, 1848; Franklin H.
Fessenden, June 9, 1849 ; Samuel Dutton, May 9, 1853 ; Asher Spencer,
June 3, 1857; George Kellogg, April 2, 1861 ; his brother, Daniel Kellogg,
Junior, August 28, 1862, who held the office during the war ; Ranslure W.
Clarke, 1869-1877, followed by Charles H. Mansur, December 11, 1877,
and Frederick W. Childs, January 27, 1886.
In 1845 Frederick N. Palmer was appointed postmaster by President
Polk. The salary of the postmaster was based on the receipts of the
office and the Brattleboro official conceived the idea of a strictly local
stamp for the purpose of enlarging his income, but the scheme failed
to produce a profit for the office; the Brattleboro people would not pay
sufficiently for an outgoing mail, and as by 1847 the national stamp law
became operative and Doctor Palmer ceased to be a government official
in 1849, the balance of an original issue of five hundred stamps was
destroyed. Thomas Chubbuck from Boston, who made his appearance in
Brattleboro in 1846, was the engraver of the stamp.
606
ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
BBAXTIEEbRQVtl
The lettering of the stamp was black on brown paper ;
it was a small oblong, at top the words "Brattleboro, Vt.,"
at the bottom the words "5 cents," at each side respec-
tively, "P," "O," and in the center the initials "F. N. P."
in facsimile.
Collectors are willing to pay fabulous prices for it, and vie with each
other in a struggle to add it to their collections. In 1874 it sold in London
for iSOO.
Street letter boxes were conveniently located in the village May 1, 1886,
and one collector provided, and under the act of January 3, 1887, authoriz-
ing extension of carrier deliveries to places having $10,000 gross postal
revenue, the first free delivery system was fully established, with four
carriers, July 1, 1887. Dennis E. Tasker, William E. Barber and Spencer
W. Knight have been continuously in the service thirty-two years ; Thomas
A. Austin, beginning as a substitute, has been a regular carrier thirty-one
years ; John A. Lindsey, twenty-six years, and Sidney H. Farr, twenty
years.
BLAKE BLOCK
REVERE HOUSE
"T'S^-SSfltJ^
MAIN STREET
RESIDENCE OF W. PITTS CONE
URIEL SIKES
. CHAPTER LV
HOTELS
The Revere House, built by James Fisk in 184^— Henry Field, Asa W. Sanderson,
J. J. Crandall, Edwin H. Chase, Colonel H. P. Vanbibber, Henry C. Nash, Fred B.
Thompson, George R. Cushing, O. F. and M. K. Knowlton, Stevens, L. H.
• Crosby, George A. Boyden, Henry Harris, proprietors.
The Brattleborough House, 1850-1861 (The Central House)— Liberty Rice, Colonel
Paul Chase, Lemuel Whitney & Company, William C. Perry, Charles G. Law-
rence, proprietors.
Stage-Drivers : Elliot Swan, Sylvanus Wood— John L. Ray's livery stable.
The Revere House,
on the southwest corner of Main and ElHot Streets, was built by James
Fisk in 1849. Two upper floors of the adjoining stone building on
South Main Street were used in connection with the hotel, the second
floor as a dining-room, and the third as Revere Hall, where public meet-
ings were held before the erection of the Town Hall in 1855.
Mr. Fisk was the first manager in 1850-1856. It was opened by him as
a temperance house, with a great banquet, and speeches by pastors of the
churches and other leading citizens, showing forth in fervid oratory the
triumph of Mr. Fisk's principles.
Henry Field, Asa W. Sanderson and J. J. Crandall were succeeding
managers and proprietors. Mr. Fisk leased the house in 1853 to Edwin
H. Chase, and sold the house and stables to Colonel H. P. Vanbibber in
1861. On the death of Mr. Vanbibber it was again sold, to Henry C.
Nash— Fred B. Thompson, George R. Cushing, Orrin F. a-nd Morey K.
Knowlton, Mr. Stevens, L. H. Crosby and George A. Boyden, with some
others, being proprietors. Henry C. Nash was owner and Henry Harris
proprietor (beginning October 1, 1876), at the time of its destruction by
fire in 1877. Afterwards a portion of the land in front was purchased by
the town to widen the street.
The Brattleboro House — Originally the Stage-House
Liberty Rice had this house in 1850. Colonel Chase again took it for
three years, when Lemuel Whitney & Company changed the name to the
Central House. It was enlarged in 1855 and again became the Brattle-
608 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
boro House. William C. Perry was the landlord from 1861 until it was
taken by Charles G. Lawrence, who kept it to the time of its destruction in
the great fire of October, 1869. Henry Campbell came from Deerfield
and was clerk under the last two landlords, and in other hotels in this
state, in New York and Washington and later in the Brooks House.
Francis Goodhue owned the property at one time, and he it was who
erected the front gable. At the time of the fire it was the property of the
Blake Brothers of Boston, who sold the land after the destruction of the
buildings to Edward Crosby, and Crosby Block now stands on the site
of the old Brattleboro House. It was for two-thirds of a century a
famous hotel in this part of New England.
Stage-Drivers
Elliot Swan of Worcester was the master of the finest line of staging
in the state and leaving here at six o'clock in the morning with six horses
he would make the distance, seventy-seven miles, besides stopping for
dinner and changing horses six times on the way, at four to four-thirty
in the afternoon. It was lively traveling, about a mile for each eight
minutes, and there were few steps that the horses took in a walk either
up hill or down. Dinner was always taken at Barre on the way down
and at Petersham on the return, and Swan used to do the carving at the
former place, serving thirty-two passengers when he had as many on his
coach. He often had to run several coaches over the line, particularly
in the old Wesselhoeft Water-Cure days, when there were full coachloads
at a time for that institution. It vi^as always a team of six beautiful grays
which he drove from Petersham to Barre, and old men along the line long
told of the beauty and dash of it, when they saw it as children at the road-
side go plunging by under the never failing guidance of its driver.
Mr. Swan commenced driving this stage July 1, 1840, and continued to
handle the ribbons over this long stretch for eleven years. General
Twitchell of 'Boston then owned the line, but Mr. Swan bought him out
a few years later, and ran it alone or in partnership for a number of years.
When he first began to drive there Silas Waite was a boy at work in the
office ; Waite and Swan were in partnership for a while, but Swan saw
that Waite was going to command the whole thing before long, and so
he sold out to him. Swan also ran the line to Townshend for ten years,
and one of his partners was Royal T. Hall, who was afterwards in the
livery business at Townshend.
Mr. Swan retired as the stagecoach era was superseded by that of the
railroad. He was for a while interested in a hotel where the Bay State
now is at Worcester, was on the railroad for a year or two and then
STAGE-DRIVERS 609
opened the famous Swan's Hotel on the spot where the Worcester depot
now stands and kept it for twenty-one years. From that time he enjoyed
life on a farm.
Regularly Mr. Swan carried packages of from $3000 to $20,000 for
the bank, which Mr. Seymour or Mr. Noyes would bring to him to
keep overnight before starting. He received thirty-seven cents a trip
for the service and the trust, while the Greenfield and Orange banks
always sent a special messenger with their money.
Mr. Swan was the son of Colonel Ballou Swan, who died in March,
1891. Elliot Swan died October 31, 1896.
Sylvanus Wood was another popular driver and veteran expressman,
and was famous for being always on time. He drove for many years from
Fitchburg to Brattleboro and brought the first passengers from up the line
who made the trip over the railroad. He had a fund of stories of the old
stage days, and used to relate that a party of nabobs of Brattleboro arriv-
ing by train from Boston were very anxious to get home: mounting the
stage, they reached Athol, where they changed to a team of four white
horses "as ugly as sin and that would go like the evil one." Squire Brad-
ley of Brattleboro bet a supper for the party that \Vood would drive to the
next town, six miles distant, in half an hour; the party had stopped at
each road house and had "Tom and Jerry" or hot flip, and were ready for
any fun or excitement. Wood drew up his lines, cracked his whip and
away they went at a breakneck speed, and in just twenty-eight minutes
arrived at the place named. At Brattleboro that night the party had their
supper and a jovial time.
John L. Ray, the Veteran Liveryman. John Ray's first work as
sub-contractor in building the Vermont & Massachusetts Railroad brought
him to Brattleboro when he was about twenty-five years of age ; Sidney
Dillon was the main contractor in charge and Ray was one of his most
active and efficient aids. He engaged in one or two other business ven-
tures before beginning the livery business at the old barn opposite the
American House, built by the Goodhues in 1858.
He married June 15, 1850, Miss Addie V. Pratt of Vernon, who died in
1899. He died July 14, 1901, leaving one son, J. J. Ray, in the men's
furnishing business, Boston.
John Ray conducted the model livery of this part of New England and
his reputation as a judge of horses extended far and wide, so that an im-
portant feature of his business was buying horses for rich men in New
York and Boston. He was a dictator in his province, withholding horses
610 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
from ignorant or reckless drivers or from anyone who overworked his
animals.
The livery and boarding stable is the last reminder of the stagecoach
period. The Ray stable was an irregular and unsteady structure, of wood,
on two levels. Above, with an entrance on Main Street, was a small office,
holding a desk, a safe and an airtight stove encircled by spittoons of vari-
ous shapes and sizes, and on the walls colored prints of famous racers and
rigs in fashion. At the desk, John Ray on a chair tipped back to the last
degree of security, a high-topped, Alpine-shaped hat set on his head at
another angle from the tilt of his chair, his feet on the window sill in two
hollows made by years of the same feet in this habitual position — a final
authority to hostlers and a privileged character to his patrons in all matters
relating to horseflesh.
Below on Flat Street was the stable proper, a hayloft above. An open
entrance the length of the stable offered standing room and an occasional
chair to the "barn crowd" that dropped in to enjoy the incessant activity
of the place, often until late into the night, — the sound of restless hoofs
in the stalls ; the crunching of oats at the mangers and the whinny of
response to comfort or attentions from the hostler ; the jangling of bits ;
horses harnessing and led hurriedly out to buggies brought forward when
calls were urgent for trains or doctors or drummers, four-horse teams for
picnickers, smart turnouts for smart customers. Every harness was tested
and the soundness and suitability of carriages with their furnishings ex-
amined in detail by Ray himself before they were allowed to leave the
stable. There was a favorite horse for a favored boy or girl when a flavor
of romance was detected, and a plodder for the elderly and cautious ;
between the carrying out of orders, there were horses on exhibition for
sale, horse talk and the tricks of a trade.
From casual comers to horse thieves, John Ray understood a situation
at a glance, and the salt of his wit, in stable dialect, contributed light and
leading to many a village question. In the small town, public opinion was
dropped in the livery stable with liveryman and hostler as by a natural
law of gravitation.
From out this pungent atmosphere he would emerge with a mind and
manners for the people of quality, who rewarded his best efforts by their
patronage, as a unique type of the model livery man.
CHAPTER LVI
THE COMING OF THE RAILROAD— FORMAL OPENING
July 14, 1836, an assembly of citizens met to consider the construction
of a railroad from this town to a suitable market.
A committee was appointed with Deacon John Holbrook, president;
Doctor Charles Chapin, secretary; J. D. Bradley and J. C. Holbrook.
January 1, 1844, a meeting was held here with citizens of Franklin County,
Massachusetts, for pushing the Fitchburg road through Greenfield to
Brattleboro.
The formal opening of the last section of the Vermont & Massachusetts
Railroad, from Vernon to Brattleboro, took place on Tuesday, the twen-
tieth of February, 1849. The citizens had made such arrangements for
entertainment of the expected crowd of visitors as circumstances would
admit, and all were looking forward to the day as the dawn of a new era
upon the resources and enterprises of Brattleboro and the surrounding
country. Notwithstanding the very cold weather and uncomfortable
snowstorm, before twelve o'clock the depot grounds and high banks above
were covered by thousands of men, women and children, assembled to
witness the arrival of the cars — to many a novel spectacle — and to wel-
come the visitors to the hospitality of Vermont.
About two-thirty o'clock the long train of sixteen cars, literally packed
with fully fifteen hundred passengers, arrived at the depot amid the
cheers and shouts of the multitude and such other demonstrations of joy
as characterize similar occasions. The crowds on the surrounding heights,
the crowds from the cars, the ringing of bells, the clangor of music, the
thunder tones of cannon, the cheers of the citizens, and the returning
vivas of the visitors, made it quite a lively affair.
An immense procession was immediately formed under the direction
of Chief Marshal Doctor Charles Chapin, which, escorted by the uni-
formed firemen and Flagg's Band from Boston, marched to the head of
Main Street, then countermarched to the depot buildings, where a bounti-
ful repast had been prepared for them by the citizens. Ten cars came in
from the south filled with prominent officials and others. Lockhart H.
Barrett was engaged to make the coffee for the multitude, and six barrels
of this delicious beverage were served so acceptably that the officials
instructed the superintendent to give a first-class job to the man who
612 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
made that coffee. But the maker had no desire to change his trade. At
that time the members of old Mazeppa Engine Company, of which young
Barrett was one, acted as waiters. It was estimated that not less than
fifteen hundred dined at the first table and a much larger number subse-
quently. The committee appointed to superintend the arrangements for
the dinner — Colonel Paul Chase, Captain T. C. Lord, Colonel Arnold J.
Hines, Henry Reed and E. Saelzer — had discharged their duties in a most
efficient and acceptable manner.
After the inner man was duly cared for, the procession was re-formed
and marched to the Congregational Church for the intellectual part of
the entertainment, the house being densely crowded.
Doctor William H. Rockwell, the president of the day, welcomed the
guests to the hospitalities of the place on an occasion so important to its
interests and its history, with a fervor of feeling and a flow of language
seldom exceeded. Colonel Alvah Crocker, the president of the railroad
corporation, then entered into a brief history of the original design of the
advocates and managers of the road, their perseverance under many
trials, and their final success under the many and, at times, almost insur-
mountable obstacles which had beset their path. He said he came to
Brattleboro seven years previous to persuade its people to help him and
others in building a road from Boston towards them ; that he had already
visited other large towns without success, and came in his desperation
to Brattleboro as his last hope. For a fortnight he could not procure a
dollar, but rather than let him go away altogether emptyhanded, two
gentlemen subscribed for two shares apiece, and others, to prevent the
reproach of so trifling a contribution going from among them, enlarged the
amount until it grew to $8000 ; that this example acting on other towns
had caused an alteration in their opinions, and he returned to his despair-
ing brethren in Boston with $30,000 additional and unexpected stock
from the country, and this was the turning point of their success and the
dawning of their brightness.
His address and those that followed, by Reverend Thomas Whittemore
of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mr. Chapman of Greenfield and Mr. Gra-
ham of Northampton, served to satisfy the friends of the road that its
construction had been well and skillfully done, amid great and perplexing
embarrassments, and that the stock of the road would eventually pay full
dividends. All the speakers took strong grounds in favor of an exten-
sion of the road toward the Hudson River and the north.
Ossian E. Dodge of Boston then sang the following impromptu ditty,
written by him on the way up, to the tune of "The Cork Leg," receiving
great applause:
THE COMING OF THE RAILROAD 613
I'll sing of a time when we all took a ride
To old Brattleborough by the Green Mountain side ;
February the month, on the twentieth day,
We jumped in the cars, and came whizzing away.
We're a bold, merry crew, who came from the city.
Too many, in fact, to be named in this ditty ;
All kinds of traders to make up the passengers.
With a dog or two that hadn't been cut up for sassengers.
With doctors and lawyers and State Street shavers,
With D. C. Hitchcock,^ the prince of engravers ;
With ministers also to share in our joys,
And shake the warm hands of the Green Mountain boys.
Of Reporters from Boston, we've got a strong host,
From the Olk'e Branch paper, the Signal and Post;
With the bright little Bee, which never can fail.
The Pathfinder, Herald and crank Daily Mail.
Some raised their objections to building this road;
For they said the cars never could get half a load ;
But the Green Mountain farmers will make these men flutter.
For they'll crowd the cars full of their cheese, pork and butter.
Objections were raised by some other tracks,
In hopes to throw Green Mountain boys on their backs;
But a road to the moon couldn't be made to fall
With Bradley and Townsley and Gard'ner C. Hall.
Our colors now hoisted, we'll nail to the mast,
With the Whittemore Trumpet to blow forth the blast ;
Dr. Rockwell and Blake, who are both full of glory,
We have now got the long and the short of the story.
I heard a good story of a wrinkled old maid.
Who thought the road crooked, and too full of grade ;
But now, as it's finished, I hope it won't shock her,
For it's bound to succeed, when managed by Crocker.
^ Hitchcock took sketches while coming up the road.
614 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In the evening a ball was given in Wantastiquet Hall, and to the
bewitching music of Flagg's Band the lads and lassies danced till the
morning's early gray, the company in their merriest mood and the accom-
paniments all in the best style.
Though every house had open doors for all that could be accommodated,
there were still large numbers that could not obtain lodgings, and most
of these were furnished with buffalo robes, wrapped in which they reposed
in the pews of the church, which was properly warmed and lighted for
the purpose. (The chairman of the committee of these arrangements was
Larkin G. Mead.)
Wednesday morning a substantial breakfast was provided at the depot
buildings, and about nine o'clock a train of thirteen cars left the depot,
in which most of the Boston visitors and others on the line of the road
took passage for home, the remainder leaving on the afternoon train.
The first train ran in June, 1851.
The railroad brought the first Irish immigrants to Brattleboro. A.mong
them were Timothy Moran, who laid the last rail before the first train
from Boston came through and worked in the local section eleven years ;
Joseph Fenton, who built the first dam across the Connecticut at Holyoke
before serving as one of the construction gang of the Vermont Valley
Railroad ; as the construction proceeded the Fenton family followed the
work, their first shanty being built where the Bradley house now stands ;
Eugene Ferriter, employed as section hand for nearly twenty years ; John
Cavanaugh, employed in the work of building the railroad; and Martin
Martin.
The tasks allotted to the Irish of Brattleboro on the railroad, in civic
enterprises and in domestic service have been performed to the credit of
their race and their religion, as they have proved, in the main, to be
industrious, honest, thrifty, moral and loyal.
CITIZENS OF THE FORTIES
JOHN HYDE
COKDCCTORS VT. AND MASS. R. R.
JOHN L. RAy
VALLEY MILLS COMPANY
OLD GAS HOUSE
-^
ESTEY ORGAN COMPANY
BRATTLEBORO MELODEON CO.
HOWLAND SCHOOL
MISS BARKER
RESIDENCE OF
SAMUEL DUTTON
CHAPTER LVII
FIRST TELEGRAPHY. JAMES H. CAPEN, JUNIOR,
WELCOME I. CAPEN
The telegraph line began at Springfield and followed the Connecticut
River as far as White River Junction, thence by direct line to Montreal,
while another branch turned off through New Hampshire to Boston. It
was built by George Benedict of Burlington and some two hundred
shares of stock were owned by Brattleboro people. The system was
known as the Vermont & Boston Telegraph Company, and its construc-
tion was largely due to the efforts and public spirit of Mr. Benedict, who
wanted a line to Boston and believed in its ultimate success. The
operators used the old Bain system, the machines or instruments being
somewhat ingenious, consisting of a metal disk about ten inches in diame-
ter, covered with sealing wax, on top of which was a smaller brass
grooved disk. From its center protruded a post sustaining a brass arm
with a wire pan which followed the grooves as the plates revolved. The
telegraph wire was connected with the post underneath the table, con-
tributing the current to the pen, which threw off a little of the metal and
left the character on paper covering the disk. The key was similar to
those now in use, as was the relay, though the relay was not so distinct
as those of today.
People knew little of the telegraph at that time, and were somewhat
afraid of the mysterious fluid. Finally everything was ready, the wire
having been quietly run into the business block on the corner of High
and Main Streets, when the lessee, Joseph Steen, "caught on," and
ordered the infernal thing removed forthwith. He declared it would
attract the lightning and absolutely kill his insurance, so Mr. Capen
(James H., Junior) moved across the street into a back room, where he
rather timidly began business, and sent the first telegraph message from
Brattleboro to Boston in 1850. So strong was the local prejudice against
the new invention and so general the fear, that some of the oldest citizens
refused to receive a message till it had first been opened and read by the
operator himself, who delivered all the messages. Charles Waite was the
operator, but he used the old Morse system on the line between New York
and Boston. This system was not always strong enough to get a message
G16 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
through to Boston on wet days, so it occasionally became necessary to use
the "clotheshne," as the Vermont and Massachusetts line was called.
"This," said Mr. Capen, "could always be depended on, for no matter
how hard it rained, the old Bain would work, though it was mighty faint
at times, and the only way the operators, one at Brattleborough, another
at White River and still another at Nashua, could tell, was by close
watching."
"Waite would call me up," said Mr. Capen, "and ask if the 'clothesline'
was working, and I invariably answered, 'Yes.' It was necessary to call
me, this being the center of the line, and I would stand over my repeater,
constantly adjusting it, until the message was finished, rf it took all night.
When Springfield said 'Good-night,' then I would get out. The repeaters
were always used in sending messages from Springfield to Boston. Some
days when I could not hear the machine click I could get the message
just the same, for the pen would make a green mark on the blue paper no
matter how weak the current." The operator was in his office from
8 a.m. to 9 p.m., though he was able to carry on his printing business in
connection with the telegraph. Mr. Capen was paid $150 a year, his
salary for several years exceeding the receipts of the office. The tariff
for ten words was one dollar to New Y.ork, fifty cents to Boston and forty
cents to Springfield and Greenfield. There was no press to handle, and
the daily average of messages received would not exceed three, and there
were any number of days when there were none.
The longest message ever received by Mr. Capen was one of 1800 words
from President Lincoln to Governor Holbrook. This was in answer to a
letter from the Governor recommending the President to call out 500,000
volunteers. It was in the dark summer of 1862, and the Governor's sug-
gestion was to have the loyal governors pledge themselves to favor the
call, the Vermont governor adding that the Green Mountain State would
quickly respond. This resulted in a call for 300,000 three years' men,
and 300,000 nine months' men. General Draper came to Brattleboro to
confer with Governor Holbrook, and the paper was prepared here for
the signatures of the governors. After the long dispatch had been
received and read by the Governor, young Capen's heart almost failed
him, for it was repeated to Peter T. Washburn, adjutant-general, who
left Brattleboro for his home in Woodstock a short time before its receipt
here.
During the war Brattleboro people were accustomed to "chip in" and
get the news from the front. "Sometimes we got humbugged," continued
Capen, with a hearty laugh ; "Richmond was taken on the wire several
times, and once or twice the victory was lustily celebrated by the towns-
THE FIRST TELEGRAPHY 617
people. I remember one occasion when we got a dispatch to this effect,
and W. C. Perry, the old landlord, got out his cannon and fired it several
times in the hotel yard in the rear of the house. This was Sunday. Silas
Waite got the news about as soon as it came, and he bolted for the
churches to inform the congregations. He rushed to the Centre and Uni-
tarian Churches, where the news was announced by the clergymen from
their pulpits. I went out Elliot Street to the Baptist Church, where the
news was enthusiastically received, and my enthusiasm grew apace till I
arrived at the church in West Brattleborough, where I forgot to remove
my cigar when I went down the broad aisle to give the pastor the news.
The congregation applauded the happy announcement, and 1 returned to
my office only to learn a few hours later that it was all a hoax, and I felt
cheap enough, though it was not my fault."
Mr. Capen was not only the operator, but the lineman as well. He was
obliged to go out in case of trouble ten miles either north or south, the
Greenfield operator coming to Vernon. They used the old-fashioned
sickle-shaped climbers with stirrup attachment, and once up a pole it was
easier to slide or fall down than to attempt to use the climbers. Among
those who served apprenticeships in Capen's office was Levi K. Fuller.
James H. Capen was a descendant of Bernard Capen of Dorchester,
Massachusetts, who died November 8, 1838 ; he came to Brattleboro in
1808, locating with his family in a one-story house on Main Street. He
died December 19, 1839, ageck fifty-three. Mrs. Rhoda Piatt Capen died
December 1, 1868, aged eighty-one.
His son, James H. Capen, Junior, born February 9, 1828, was a
printer for some years and the manager of the telegraph office for twenty-
five years. He married June 16, 1852, Miss Maria E. Livermore of
Groton, Massachusetts, who died June 1, 1861, aged thirty-eight. He
married, second, Miss Marie D. Pellerin of St. Gregory, Canada, who was
born March 9, 1836 ; died September 20, 1914. In 1876 Mr., Capen entered
the employ of the Estey Organ Company. He bought of Thomas Man-
ning, April, 1862, twenty-five acres and buildings north of the Miles
School for a residence.
Children :
Welcome I. Capen, born in Brattleboro July 25, 1854, learned the rudi-
ments of telegraphy from his father, began as a messenger here with
the Vermont, Boston & Montreal Company, becoming an operator
with that company ; entered the service of the Western Union Com-
pany, then became acting manager for the Automatic Telegraphic
Company in Baltimore. Soon after he went to Cincinnati and set up
618 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
automatic machinery; returned to the service of the Western Union
as wire chief, resigning to accept the position of manager of the
Cincinnati, Baltimore & Ohio Telegraph Company. He then entered
the service of the Postal Telegraph-Cable Company, and was made
manager of its Cincinnati office in 1885, superintendent in 1890, and
was advanced to the general superintendency of the Western Division
with headquarters in Chicago in 1906. In 1912 he was appointed
vice-president in charge of construction and was the executive in the
general offices of the company in New York. He married Arietta E.,
daughter of Doctor G. H. Rogers of New Haven, who died April 16,
1919. Son: Roger I. Capen.
Moritz P., born July 30, 1864 ; married Sarah, daughter of Edwin H.
and Sarepta H. Sawyer, who married, first, Fred Pellerin and had
daughters, Marie, Sarah. Children of Moritz P. and Sarah Capen:
Alma, Louise.
CHAPTER LVIII
THE FIRST NEWS AGENCY ' .
The First News Agency, established by Edward J. Carpenter — The Brattleboro Book
Club— The New Book Club.
Edward J. Carpenter was born in Bernardston, August 4, 1825, the
eldest son of Doctor E. W. and Valonia Slate Carpenter. He early went
to Greenfield to learn cabinetmaking of Miles & Lyons, with whom he
served an apprenticeship of seven years.
In 1851 Mr. Carpenter located in Brattleboro, establishing the first
news agency in the town, with Major Tyler of Greenfield as his partner.
The railroad had then been open but four months, and the town had
just begun to adopt, in a limited way, metropolitan ideas ; hence the
demand for a news stand. Mr. Carpenter established himself in Joseph
Goodhue's store on Main Street, and the hunt for subscribers was begun,
Mr. Carpenter adding a small stock of Yankee notions, the profits from
which helped pay the rent. \The new firm started in with twenty-five
copies of the daily Republican and some forty copies of the Boston dailies
and a few of the leading New York papers. The business did not at that
stage warrant the employment of a newsboy, so the young agent, who was
then but twenty-four, delivered his own papers, making his regular daily
rounds after the arrival of the mail train from the south. He continued
as his own newsboy through the prosperous days of the old Water-Cure.
This establishment, with its scores of fashionable patrons from all parts
of the Union, gave the news agency a liberal patronage, thus assuring its
permanent success.
In 1855 Mr. Carpenter moved the business to Blake Block, where, on
the corner of Main and Elliot Streets, he continued until the big fire in
1869, which destroyed this block, and the store was from that time in
Market Block on Elliot Street. In 1892 Mr. Carpenter sold out to
George E. Fox and F. W. Childs, Mr. Fox assuming the active manage-
ment for eleven years, when P. F. Connors bought Mr. Fox's interest.
Mr. Carpenter retired from business in 1894.
He married February 14, 1849, Miss Mary J. F'sk of Greenfield, who
died May 16, 1900, aged seventy-three.
620 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He died June 6, 1900.
Children :
Clarence E., of Topeka, Kansas.
Edward W., of Amherst, of the firm Olmstead, Olmstead & Elliot,
landscape architects, Brookline, Massachusetts, married April 25,
1882, Miss Esther M. Hastings.
Maud, married February 24, 1896, Malcolm A. Carpenter, born 1869,
a landscape gardener, son of Dwight N. and Mary (Mowry) Car-
penter of Leyden, Massachusetts; died in Greenfield April 29, 1917.
They had two children.
The Brattleboro Book Club
An association for profit and pleasure, which has outlived in the number
of years of its existence all other associations, is the Brattleboro Book
Club, the oldest organization of its kind in Brattleboro. k was founded
in 1849 by Larkin G. Mead and Madame Higginson, the latter being the
first president. The 'annual book sales were always held at Madame Hig-
ginson's and Doctor Chapin was the auctioneer. The literary members
of the club evidently delighted in simplicity, for at the sales the regulation
refreshment was apples and gingerbread. The first year of the club's
existence ministers were not allowed to become members, because the
club was to give the ministers the free reading of its books at the end of
the year. The minister^ rebelled at this, however, and the second year
were admitted to membership.
Among the magazines then taken were Blackwood's, The Knicker-
bocker, Edinboro Review, Littell's Living Age, and the Westminster Re-
view. The latter two have been continuously taken by the club.
The following were the members in 1850 : Miss Elizabeth Smith, Mrs.
John R. Blake, Reverend M. I. Motte, Mrs. Zelotes Dickinson, Wells
Goodhue, L. G. Mead, Mrs. Royall Tyler, Reverend A. Huntington Clapp,
Miss EHza Keyes, J. D. Bradley, Doctor Chapin, Miss Sophia Fessenden,
Reverend Addison Brown, Mrs. N. B. WilHston, Mrs. Daniel Kingsley,
Mrs. C.'C. Hall, Roswell Hunt, Miss Malvina Brooks, Reverend C. R.
Moor, Madame Harris, Madame Higginson, Madame Channing, Doctor
Higginson, Mrs. Admiral Green, Miss Clark, William H. Wells, Mrs.
Wells and Miss Tilden.
The New Book Club was organized in December, 1859, by Mrs. George
B. Kellogg, with the following members: Mrs. O. R. Post, Mrs. A. N.
Smith, Miss Ellen M. Brooks, Mrs. Henry Burnham, Mrs. Charles F.
Thompson, Mrs. W. Pitt Cune, Mrs. Welcome Felton, Mrs. Zelotes
Dickinson, Mrs. Riley Burdett, Mrs. S. M. Waite, Mrs. N. F. Cabot,
THE BRATTLEBORO BOOK CLUB 621
Mrs. Francis Goodhue, Mrs. Bethuel Ranger, Mrs. Alfred Wright, N.
Pearson, D. W. Lewis, Mrs. Larkin G. Mead and Mrs. N. P. Sawyer.^
1 When this club disbanded in 1899 Mrs. Charles F. Thompson and Airs. X. F.
Cabot were the only original members living.
CHAPTER LIX
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
Doctor T. B. Kittredge — Doctor Charles W. Grau, Doctors Loewenthal and Carley,
Doctor C. R. Blackall, Doctor George P. Wesselhoeft, Hydropathists — Doctor
J. P. Warren, Doctor James G. Murphy, Doctor E. C. Cross, Doctor Charles W.
Horton, Doctor George F. Gale, Doctor J. H. Stedman — Doctors Ezekiel and
George H. Morrill, Homeopathists— Doctor S. W. Bowles.
Physicians of this period were:
Doctor T. B. Kittredge, who came in 1849.
The hydropathists connected with the Water-Cure, Charles William
Grau, M.D., Doctors Loewenthal and Carley, Doctor C. R. Blackall and
Doctor George P. Wesselhoeft in 1861.
J. P. Warren, M.D., was born in Wardsboro August 20, 1795. Pie
studied medicine, first with Doctor W. R. Ranney, and afterwards with
Doctor Jonathan A. Allen of Brattleboro, and graduated from the Dart-
mouth Medical College in 1820. He continued in practice in Wardsboro
until 1842, earning an excellent reputation as a physician and being called
to nearly every part of the county. He represented the town in the
Legislature in 1839 and 1840. Leaving Wardsboro, he removed to Ches-
terfield, New Hampshire, where he remained a few years. He afterwards
resided several years in Fayetteville, taking the place of Doctor Olds, and
finally removed to Brattleboro. In 1820 he married Lucy Maynard
Wheelock, who died September 15, 1880, a sister of Judges Emery and
Henry Wheelock, who were both prominent men in the county.
Doctor Warren was a man of presence and dignity ; while familiar with
the best works in literature, he devoted much time to reading in the line
of his profession. He was particularly fond of botany, mineralogy and
chemistry, and made one of the best collections of minerals in southern
Vermont. His educational advantages, supplemented by a tenacious
memory, practical judgment, vigor and strength of mind, made him one
of the important men of the county. He died at his residence on Green
Street September 14, 1878.
His family numbered nine sons and three daughters. Five of the sons
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 623
were in the Civil War. His oldest son, Charles, died in this village in
early manhood, September 30, 1841.
His son, HoNOR-ABLE Edward Jenner Warren, born in Wardsboro
December 23, 1824, graduating at Dartmouth College in 1846, went the
following year to Washington, North Carolina. After teaching school for
a time, he studied law and was admitted to the bar of North Carolina and
for some years was a judge of the Supreme Court. He took a prominent
part in the affairs of his adopted state and during the Rebellion was a
firm adherent of the Union cause. He was several times elected to the
lower house of the Legislature, and served one term in the Senate, being
made its presiding officer at the time of the impeachment of Governor
Holden. In 1872 he was prominently named for governor. The Wash-
ington Express of that time said of him: "North Carolina has not in her
borders a worthier man than Judge Warren. His learning and ability, his
patriotism, all fit him to govern a great commonwealth just emerged from
a revolution and still agitated by her recent disorders." He died at his
residence in Washington, Beaufort County, December 10, 1876, leaving
a wife and two children.
Lieutenant John Wheelock Warren, a veteran of the first Wiscon-
sin Cavalry, was several times wounded and for some months a prisoner
of war in a rebel prison. He died in this town March 27, 1875. Captain
Frank E. Warren, a veteran of the Eighth Vermont Volunteers, took
part in all the engagements of his regiment, and was wounded at the
battle of Winchester, Virginia. Fred H. Warren, of Montgomery, Ala-
bama, died September 19, 1892. His youngest son, Charles Herbert,
was killed in action October 23, 1864, aged twenty-two. His second
daughter, Jennie, died in Michigan in 1880. A daughter, Fannie, died
in June, 1914, aged eighty-two.
James G. Murphy, M.D., was born in Alstead, New Hampshire;
graduated at Norwich University and at the Vermont Medical College,
Woodstock, in 1848 ; in 1850 he settled at Ludlow. He came to Brattle-
boro in 1853, and died June 6, 1855, aged thirty-one. He had an exten-
sive practice here and was greatly respected.
Doctor E. C. Cross was a native of Bradford, this state, where he
grew up and studied for his profession. He settled first in Leyden, Massa-
chusetts, removed from there to Guilford and then to Brattleboro. In
1858 he moved to Rochester, Minnesota, where he acquired a high stand-
ing in his profession. He was married in Leyden to Miss Fanny E.
Marcy, who died September 25, 1891, aged seventy-four. He died in
Rochester July 4, 1894, at the age of seventy years. Children: Henrietta;
Maria L., died in Brattleboro at the age of seventy-one ; Albert.
624 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Charles W. Horton, M.D., was born in Brandon, Vermont, April 18,
ISOO ; graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.
For some years he practiced in the hospitals of that city. He settled at
Brandon and had a large practice there, also in Sudbury, Vermont. He
came to Brattleboro about 1855, his office being in the southeast side
(second story) of the old Blake Block. He died in February, 1875, leav-
ing a son, Henry.
Doctor George F. Gale came to Brattleboro in 1S58. (See p. 817.)
J. H. Stedman, M.D., son of Salmon Stedman and Lucina Hotchkiss,
was born in Durham, New York, April 7, 1809 ; graduated at the Medical
College, Pittsfield, in 1831, and practiced in New York State twenty years.
He married in Ashland, New York, Miss Elvira Strong. He came from
Cummington, Massachusetts, to Brattleboro in 1859. Doctor Stedman
was one of the pioneer abolitionists, working with Gerrit Smith, Frederick
Douglass and others in New York. Between 1846 and 1860, he edited The
True American, an antislavery paper, at Cortland, New York, and took
an active part in the underground railway for fugitive slaves. He was
also a pioneer worker for temperance, and spoke often for these causes.
He died August 29, 1894. Mrs. Stedman died December 13, 1895, in the
eighty-sixth year of her age. She left by will $2000 to each of the follow-
ing objects — the Congregational Home Missionary Society, the American
Board of Foreign Missions, the American Missionary Association, the
Brattleboro Home for the Aged and Disabled.
Children : Daniel B. ; Clara M., died July 21, 1892, aged forty-one ; Mrs.
Lucina Bartlett; Frances O., married December 25, 1873, Ezra Fisher;
Maria L., of West Brattleboro; W. P. Stedman, of Bristol, Connecticut.
Daniel Bissell, born in Richford, New York, July 13, 1840, married
January 37, 1866, Miss Mary F. Browne, who died September 10,
1916. He learned printing on The Hampshire Gazette, under H. S.
Gier of Northampton, from 1858 to 1861. He enlisted in the Sixteenth
Vermont Volunteers August 26, 1862, and was discharged at the expira-
tion of a term of nine months, having been wounded at Gettysburg. In
1868 he became editor and proprietor of The Vermont Phanix and was
connected with that paper until 1888, when he moved to Rockville,
Connecticut, and to Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1892. Children: Dr.
Harry W., of Meeker, Colorado ; Fred C, married October 3, 1895, Miss
Mary Frances Shaw of Springfield, Massachusetts.
In the sixties two able homeopathic physicians (1S61), Ezekiel Morrill
and his brother, George H. Morrill, practiced here with success.
Doctor S. W. Bowles, 1867-1868.
CHAPTER LX
ORGAN MANUFACTURE
Organ Manufacture — Samuel H. Jones — Joseph L. Jones — Riley Burdett— S. H.
Jones & Company — Jones & Burdett — John Woodbury — Austin K. Jones — Jacob
Estey — E. B. Carpenter & Company — Isaac Hines & Company — Jones, Carpenter
& Woods — Silas M. Waite — J. Estey & Company — R. Burdett & Company —
Burdett inventions — Elmer Bliss — Burdett Organ Company, Chicago.
Samuel H. Jones. The story of Brattleboro's organ industry from its
birth must include the names of the men from whose small beginnings
have sprung the growth of later years, and foremost among these is the
name of Samuel H. Jones, the oldest reed organ maker in, New England,
and probably in the country, who was born in Berlin, New Hampshire,
March 30, 1822, the son of William and Sally Merriam Jones, one of
ten children. He was educated in the common schools and in the acade-
mies of Keene and Jaffrey. He learned the cabinetmaker's trade at
Keene, and as a boy showed the inventive mind, devising a valuable im-
provement to the rotary engine.
In December, 1842, just out of his apprenticeship, and not of age until
the following spring, he went to work at Winchester, New Hampshire,
making melodeons for Joseph Foster and Albert Thayer. Mr. Jones had
never seen but one melodeon, and when he arrived at the works in Win-
chester the only indications of the business he could see were a few
patterns, the manufacture of pipe organs for church and parlor being the
real business then carried on by the firm, Foster & Thayer. The melodeon
business remained yet to be developed, though in 1831 Mr. Foster had
constructed a reed instrument. The first melodeon was made to be held
in the player's lap or upon a table, the bellows being worked with the
elbow. It could be folded and carried under the arm with as much ease
as could an ordinary bass viol, and was often so taken to church and
other meetings. The compass of the keyboard was usually three octaves;
the keys were of ivory, similar to those now in use. The reeds were of
common sheet brass, the sockets beiiig stamped into form so as to fit
slots made with a saw. The tongues, or vibrators, were made of the
same soft metal, cut into suitable strips, and with hammer and anvil
626 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
brought to the required form and temper. These were fitted and riveted
to the sockets and brought to the proper pitch by hand tools.
In 1844, by mutual consent, the firm of Foster & Thayer dissolved
partnership, Mr. Foster removing to Keene, New Hampshire, where he
established the organ and melodeon business. Mr. Jones remained in
Winchester, manufacturing instruments in a small way on his own
account.
The factory was a modest affair, without machinery, except a small
foot lathe, their prospects hardly warranting the employment of more
than two hands, Joseph L. Jones, a brother of Samuel H., and the
youngest of -the family of children, and Walter Jewell, a Whitingham
boy, with the proprietor at the head of the small force. Occasionally
they would go up to the Graves Brothers' brass instrument factory, to
do a little work by power, the ivory for the melodeon keys, which came
to them in the tusks, being sawed there. Graves Brothers were, at the
time, the largest brass instrument manufacturers in New England.
In the meantime Mr. Jones, having made the acquaintance of Riley
Burdett, who went to Winchester from Brattleboro fortnightly to teach
singing school, decided to move the business to the latter place and to
form a partnership with Burdett and John Woodbury, then in the music
trade and the manufacture of violins. John Woodbury was a native of
Dummerston, but came to Brattleboro at an early age. He was a very
ingenious machinist. He was advertised as a "manufacturer of Superior
Ba-ss & Double Bass Viols & Viohns" in 1847, and "Melodeons, Sera-
phims. Reed Organs," advertised by Jones & Burdett in the same year.
Mr. Woodbury went afterwards to Keene and engaged in engraving, and
died there November 6, 1871, aged sixty-three, leaving a son who is lieu-
tenant in the regular army.
And thus it came about that June 15, 1846, the Jones Brothers loaded
upon a hayrack all their factory and personal belongings, including two
workbenches, and with two horses started for their destination. They
rented quarters in the gristmill of Smith & Woodcock,- Centerville, which
was first built for a paper mill, having three rooms on the upper floor.
They procured machinery and work was resumed under the firm name of
S. H. Jones & Company; but in May, 1847, this firm dissolved, Wood-
bury retaining the violin business and Jones & Burdett continuing with
the manufacture of melodeons. The first specimens of the manufacture
were completed in November, 1846, and were taken to Boston, where
arrangements for selling were effected with E. H. Wade, then a prominent
dealer in musical merchandise at 176 Washington Street.
The new firm of Jones & Burdett soon removed to the unoccupied
ORGAN MANUFACTURE 637
office of J. R. Blake, Esquire, at the corner of Main and Elliot Streets,
upon the site afterwards occupied by the Revere House. In November,
1848, they moved to the second floor of the ell of the paper mill or rule
factory building on Canal Street (the Typographic building), with a few
additional hands, including Asa Field, Patrick White and Charles Well-
man. The force was gradually increased, one of the new men being
Austin K. Jones, employed as bell ringer at Harvard College from 1858,
and who for fifty years rang the bell in Harvard Hall without missing
a stroke — arousing the students from their sleep to summon them to
chapel, which was then compulsory ;^ others were George Field, John
Hoyt and George Wilder of Walpole. In September, 1850, S. H. Jones
sold his interest to E. B. Carpenter,' a farmer in the town of Guilford,
who had been devoting some of his leisure time to selling the instruments,
and for the next two years was in the South, at Emmettsburg, Maryland,
and Winchester, Virginia, with Mr. Crossett of Bennington, handling a
patent machine for cutting barrel staves.
February 1, 1852, Jacob Estey bought Riley Burdett's half interest of
this new firm, whose name became E. B. Carpenter & Company, Mr.
Burdett remaining as head tuner and superintendent of the new company
(at the time of the transfer Burdett & Company had twenty-five men in
their employ), which a year later, February, 1853, upon the entrance of
Isaac Hines into the business, changed to Isaac Hines & Company. They
put up the first pipe organ with four sets of reeds. November, 1853,
Samuel Jones returned from Maryland to engage in the manufacture of
melodeons, organizing the firm of Jones, Carpenter & Wood, their shop
being on the south side of Whetstone Brook near the railroad crossing.
George Wood retired February, 1856, and in July Samuel Jones sold
out and went to Boston.
■ In 1844 Samuel H. Jones married Minerva Jewell, born in Whitingham
in 1825, died June 15, 1913. Mr. Jones died at Saint Lucie, Florida,
1 Only by the exercise of the utmost care and the practice of wily strategy was
Mr. Jones (bom in Brattleboro April 24, 1826) able always to ring the bell on
time. Countless students tried to foil him in the performance of his duty — and
none ever succeeded. On his retirement the college presented him with a handsome
armchair in recognition of his completion of fifty years of "honorable service to
Harvard University," and an engrossed sheepskin signed by President Eliot and
Dean La Baron R. Briggs, setting forth his service as "an example of fidelity and
punctuality to all members of the university."
Mr. Jones died in 1914, survived by his daughter, Mrs. Walter C. Wardwell,
and four grandchildren : Edwin Davis, an electrical engineer for the Interborough
Rapid Transit Company of New York, Austin K. Wardwell, Georgia and Grace
Wardwell.
638 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
January 19, 1883. There were seven children; and a grandson, Fred
Kingsley.
Joseph L. Jones was born in Marlboro, New Hampshire, May 30, 1825.
He continued with the new firm of Burdett & Green (H. P.) when his
brother, Samuel H., sold his interest in the business and went to Boston;
was with them when the big fire destroyed their factory in July, and
assisted in rebuilding the factory. In 1858 and 1859 he was employed
in carpentering and in the furniture shop of Retting & Brown for about
a year.
He probably worked longer upon reed instruments than any other man
in this country.
He was with the Estey Organ Company at the time of his death in
1901, leaving a record of fifty-seven years of almost continuous service
in the manufacture of musical instruments. During his service with this
company he was employed in making keys and keyboards, and for thirty-
one years was a bellowsmaker, finally being put on pedal work.
He married September 3, 1854, Harriet E. Fowler, who died in 1880.
Riley Burdett was born on Putney West Hill December 29, 1819.
His family moved to Brookline and then to Newfane, but at nine years
of age he began life as chore boy on the farm of Warren Richmond in
Westminster, Vermont, and was given three months' schooling each
year. He returned to Putney as clerk in the store of Isaac Grout at
sixteen, and, armed with a violin by which to test voices, taught a singing
school in the winter season, which he continued and in which he was
successful for many years. He also had a mechanical bent and at eighteen
began to learn the machinist's trade of Jonathan Cutler, and two years
later went to Paterson, New Jersey, and worked for a year or more in
Colt's pistol factory.
It was at the Putney singing school that he met Miss Sophia H. Wilder,
born April 4, 1820, whom he married May 22, 1844. In 1841 he came to
Brattleboro and engaged in the manufacture and sale of violins, 'cellos
and double basses with John Woodbury.
In 1846, when Samuel H. Jones came to Brattleboro and with Riley
Burdett began manufacturing melodeons, John Woodbury and Riley
Burdett being half owners, he managed the sales department at their
music store in Steen's building where the Brooks House now stands. In
November some specimens of their manufacture were sold in Boston.
During that winter Mr. Burdett gave his attention to learning the art of
voicing and tuning.
He had in the meantime invented a reed board and secured a patent
ORGAN MANUFACTURE 629
on it, which he finally sold to Silas M. Waite. This patent was the cause
of the famous law suit between the Estey Organ Company and Silas M.
Waite. (See p. 675.) Among the other inventions made and introduced
by Air. Burdett were "Reed Caps for Pressure Reeds," the "Bass
Damper," the "Knee Swell," a "Combined Melodeon and Piano," the
"Harmonic Coupler," the "Manual Sub-Bass" (the first ever made) and
above all, "a new mode of Repairing and Voicing Reeds," which latter
invention made his reputation as a reed "Voicer" world wide.
In 1865 a new company was formed by Jacob Estey, S. M. Waite,
Riley Burdett and Joel BuUard under the firm name of J. Estey & Com-
pany, with a branch establishment in Chicago, Mr. Burdett in charge.
This partnership continued until April, 1866, when it was dissolved by
mutual consent, Estey retaining the firm name and the property in the
village of Brattleboro, Burdett and Waite taking the Chicago branch
and the exclusive right of sale west of Ohio and forming the firm of R.
Burdett & Company, and manufacturing the "Burdett organ."
Mr. Burdett again began inventing and in five years offered to the
musical world forty valuable inventions in Reed Organs, a list of some
of the most important being "Vocal Tremolo," "Sub-Bass," Harmonic
Attachment, Orchestral Swell, "Violoncello Voice Reed," "Perfection
Voice Reed," "Harmonic Celeste," "Improved Tri-Reed Socket," "Du-
plex Bellows," "Double Reed Celeste," "New Manual Sub-Bass," "Im-
proved Sub-Bass Socket Board."
The Brattleboro Melodeon Company was organized in 1867 with
S. M. Waite, president; vice-presidents. Doctor Charles P. Frost, Rev-
erend A. C. Stevens, Reverend F. W. Smith ; corresponding secretary,
O. B. Douglas ; recording secretary, George H. Clapp ; treasurer, J. J.
Estey; executive committee, A. C. Davenport, A. H. Wright, W. H.
Rockwell, Junior, A. A. Cheney.
Elmer Bliss, who had previously been in the furniture business in
Brattleboro as a member of the firm of Dwinell & Bliss, and was also a
member of the Brattleboro Melodeon Company, became a member of the
Burdett Organ Company of Chicago in 1868 and remained with them
until the great fire burned the plant, and the business was moved to Erie,
Pennsylvania, 1871, where a large factory was built and a prosperous
business established, which continued until 1885, when Mr. Burdett
retired from business and lived in Chicago.
Other Brattleboro men who went with Mr. Burdett were George and
Charles Heywood, Mr. Smith who married the Heywoods' sister, a Mr.
Church and others.
630 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Mr. Burdett was known in every town in the United States by his
musical instruments, and yet there was scarcely to be found a man so
modest and unassuming. A man whose word was never questioned,
gentle and guileless ; one who never wronged a fellow being — and so
retiring that only the few who knew him intimately appreciated that he
was one of Nature's noblemen. From an early age he was a consistent
Christian. During his forty years of business life in Brattleboro he was
a devoted member of the Centre Church and was deacon from 1865 to
1868.
He died in Chicago January 26, 1890. Mrs. Burdett died November
10, 1892. A daughter, Lilla, married Ralph Metcalf of Newport, New
Hampshire, August 4, 1868.
Riley Burdett had six brothers; one of them, Lewis M., died in Brattle-
boro February 20, 1870. •
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THE ESTEY GUARDS
CHAPTER LXI
JACOB ESTEY
Jacob Estey. The Estey Organ. General Julius Estey— Colonel J. Gray Estey—
J. Harry Estey.
Jacob Estey was born in Hinsdale, New Hampshire, September 30, 1814,
and was the son of Isaac and Patty Forbes Estey. The Estey ancestry
came from England in the early part of the seventeenth century and
settled in the Massachusetts colony. From there Isaac Estey moved to
Hinsdale in the early part of the nineteenth century. His farm, on which
Jacob was born, was on the east road leading to Chesterfield. There were
seven children in the family. In Jacob's early childhood financial reverses
overtook his father and at four years old he was adopted by Alvm
Shattuck, a Hinsdale neighbor. For a time he was the pet of the family,
but as the years went on harsh treatment and positive cruelty took the
place of kindness, and at thirteen years of age, when he could endure it
no longer, the boy Jacob deliberately ran away. With his bundle of
clothes under his arm and two dollars in his pocket, a few days later he
brought up in Worcester, Massachusetts, where an elder brother was
living. For the next four years he worked at farming in various towns
in the vicinity, earning the generous wages of six dollars a month, after-
wards increased to twelve or fifteen dollars. During the winters he con-
trived to get a little schooling by doing chores for his board.
At seventeen young Estey went to Worcester and learned of Thomas
Sutton what would now be called the plumber's trade. At that time this
consisted of the making and putting in of lead pipe and copper pumps.
By the primitive methods of those days lead pipe was made by pouring
the melted lead into a mould and then drawing it out to any desired size
over a steel rod. Three years later, December 31, 1834, when Jacob was
twenty, his father died and he went to Hinsdale to the funeral. From
thence he came over to Brattleboro and naturally sought out Stephen
Parker, who had a lead pipe and pump shop here. Parker said he was
tired of the business ; he would sell it for half what it was worth. Mr.
Estey took possession April 1, 1835, a few months before he was twenty-
one, and thus became a resident of Brattleboro. His shop was in what
632 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
was then the old tannery building, known to a later generation as the
Valley Mill building, which fell a victim to the flames in December, 1886.
For the following fifteen or twenty years Mr. Estey did a successful
business in the lead pipe and pump trade. His sales extended over all
the region round about, including New Hampshire, Massachusetts and
eastern New York. His goods were largely made in the winter, and the
summers were spent in laying aqueducts as called for. In Townshend
Deacon William A. Dutton formed a partnership with Mr. Estey, the
latter furnishing capital. From Townshend the business was moved to
Brattleboro about 1847, and was conducted in a shop which stood where
Whetstone Block stood later. Mr. Estey afterwards sold his interest to
Mr. Dutton's brother-in-law, John H. Kathan. About 1850 he built a
two-story shop which stood by the brook just south of the Main Street
bridge, on the site of the building which was washed away by the Decem-
ber freshet some years later. A portion of this shop was rented to Bur-
dett & Carpenter, who were engaged in the manufacture of melodeons in
a small way. About this time the modern methods of making lead pipe
began to come into use in manufacturing centers, and Mr. Estey grad-
ually gave up his pipe and pump business, buying, February 1, 1852, Riley
Burdett's interest in the firm of Burdett & Carpenter ; later the firm
became I. Hines & Company. It was while the California gold fever was
at its height, and his partners became anxious to get out of the business.
Mr. Estey was no musician, but his insight told him that the musical
instinct was just awakening in the American people, and that the business
had in it promising possibilities. He bought the interest of his partners,
paying for the whole business $2700, and soon after took in company with
him H. P. Green, later of Jacksonville, Florida, who had some knowl-
edge of music. At this time the firm employed only some six or eight
workmen, and the annual output was six or seven melodeons a month.
D. B. Bement related that when he first came to work for the concern, in
1853, he did all the filing and fitting of the reeds and Mr. Burdett did all
the tuning — and neither of them thought himself overworked.
With the home business of manufacturing satisfactorily established,
Mr. Estey took on himself the duties of salesman, and for several years
he personally sold the whole product of the modest factory. He used to
load his wagon with melodeons and strike out, it might be across the
mountain into eastern New York, then through northern Vermont into
Canada, and come home through western New Hampshire, varying his
beat as the trade prospects might indicate. "I didn't know a note of
music," he was wont to say, "and so I didn't waste any time playing on
the melodeons. Sometimes I took a boy along to play on them, and some-
ESTEY ORGAN BCTILDING SOUTH MAIN STREET
VAN DOORN AND DWINELL FURNITURE SHOP
ESTEY GUARD AND FULLER BATTERY SECOND STORY
PEG SHOP AND TANNERY DAM CENTERVILLE
HON. JACOB ESTEY 633
times I found someone in the vicinity to come into the farmers' houses
and show them off. If I could get an instrument into a neighborhood
there was pretty sure to be a call for others." The price of the instru-
ments varied from $75 to $225 ; sales were rarely made for cash down ;
the terms were usually a note at twelve months. Often the trade was
in barter, — cheese, butter or other farm produce, horses from Canada,
young cattle, anything that the shrewd Yankee knew could be readily
turned into cash.
In 1857 the shop was burned and a new and larger one was built where
the Brattleboro House stood; this in its turn was burned in 1864. Re-
building, he continued in successful operation until 1866, when he received
into partnership his son-in-law, Levi K. Fuller, and his son, Julius J.
Estey. The business steadily grew, and in the same year the large factory
at the corner of Frost and Elm Streets, later occupied by Smith & Hunt,
was built.
JosiAH Davis Whitney was born in Ashby, Massachusetts, Novem-
ber 7, 1818. When old enough to use tools (perhaps fifteen or sixteen)
he began to work in the shop of his father, Jonas P. Whitney, who was
a manufacturer of church organs. When twenty-one years of age he
■ was taken into partnership and continued to make church organs until
1844, when he removed to Springfield, Massachusetts, and engaged in the
manufacture of melodeons, pianos and church organs. In 1851 he
removed to Fitchburg, Massachusetts, where he was employed by his
father in making melodeons or reed organs. He removed to Worcester,
Massachusetts, in 1853, where he formed a partnership with Messrs.
Rice and Robinson for the manufacture of organ reeds. He remained
there only one year, then went back to Fitchburg, and soon after got up
a set of reed machinery and commenced making reeds. In 1865 J. Estey
& Company purchased the machinery and hired Mr. Whitney to run it.
He remained with them until 1874.
In October, 1869, a flood swept away a part of their buildings on Frost
Street, many thousands of dollars worth of lumber being carried off,
involving slight embarrassment, but not entire cessation of work. The
firm now bought a tract of sixty acres, on higher ground, and erected
new buildings. The number of these has since been increased until they
now number, of factory buildings proper, seven, fronting on Birge Street
on land previously owned by Frank H. Farr, each one hundred feet long
by from thirty to thirty-eight feet wide and three stories in height, with
several more in the rear. There is also a large dryhouse one hundred
and forty feet long by fifty feet wide, together with other buildings in
634 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
which all the wood that makes up the cases is thoroughly dried, after a
long seasoning in the open air, by a process patented by Colonel Fuller.
Of black walnut alone four carloads a week have been required for the
cases. There are also a storehouse, one hundred feet square ; an engine
house containing several large boilers and a Corliss engine of one hundred
and fifty horse-power ; and other outhouses for various purposes, includ-
ing a building in which are kept, for ready use, two steam fire-engines,
the property of the firm, which are manned by a company of the em-
ployees who are regularly exercised in their use twice a month. Each
building is also supplied with fire buckets and extinguishers.
Mr. Estey represented the town of Brattleboro in the Vermont Legis-
lature in 1869 and 1870, and was a member of the Senate for the first
biennial term, 1872-1874. In 1876 he was one of the presidential electors
who cast the vote of Vermont' for Rutherford B. Hayes.
The firm is now the Estey Organ Company, having been incorporated
by an act of the Legislature approved November 26, 1872 : Jacob Estey,
president ; Levi K. Fuller, vice-president, and Julius J. Estey, secretary
and treasurer.
In 1872 Joseph White came. to Brattleboro and began work for the
Estey Organ Company. In 1879 he went to New York City, where he
spent six months working out and patenting a self-playing organ attach-
ment. This was one of the first automatic players invented, the sheets
of music having raised notes. Returning to Brattleboro, Mr. White
worked for the Estey Organ Company until 1888, when the family moved
to Huntington, Quebec, where Mr. White made actions in an organ fac-
tory. He was there five years, and afterwards became foreman of the
action department at the Estey plant, inventing and patenting several
improvements which are embodied in the actions now made by the firm.
On the eleventh of March, 1853, was begun the first large reed organ
made in Brattleboro, which was finished the eighteenth of the following
month. It had two sets of reeds in the usual position below the keyboard
and two sets above the keys, in an inverted reed board, about three feet
above the keyboard and operated by rods reaching up from the rear end of
the keys. Some idea of the increase in the business may be estimated from
the fact that up to March, 1884, Mr. Estey had manufactured nearly one
hundred and fifty thousand instruments; to September, 1891, two hundred
and thirty-six thousand; to August, 1892, two hundred and fifty thousand
instruments.
Organ making calls for a special and fine quality of workmanship: it
follows that the majority of men in the employ of the Estey Organ Com-
pany have been able, intelligent, industrious, owning their own well-
HON. JACOB ESTEY 635
ordered homes, and taking their share as valued citizens in the common
life.
It is to the far-seeing wisdom and practical beneficence of Jacob Estey,
carried on through the management of his successors, that this great in-
dustry has proceeded for nearly seventy years without obstacle from
labor agitations. Many have given all of their working days to the Estey
organ, — thirty and forty years; one, fifty-six; another, fifty-nine years, —
becoming veterans in the service.
Deacon Estey was a staunch supporter of the Brattleboro Baptist
Church for exactly fifty years, from the date of his transference of
membership by letter to this church in 1840, to the day of his death. It
was largely through his active influence that the church has grown to be
the largest of its denomination in the state. His help in building up
churches of this faith elsewhere and his benefactions to weak and strug-
gling churches were constant and generous. Besides the aid given Baptist
churches in Montpelier, Hinsdale, Putney, West Brattleboro and at other
places, Mr. Estey's firm gave largely toward the establishment of Ver-
mont Academy at Saxtons River, and his gifts to Shaw University, a
school for colored youth at Raleigh, North Carolina, were generous.
In addition to the positions of public trust held by him, as mentioned, he
served on the board of selectmen, was connected with both of the savings
banks, and, with the Honorable Parley Starr, was the founder of the
Peoples National Bank, erecting with Mr. Starr the building in which that
institution is now housed and of which his son. Colonel Julius J. Estey,
became president. In connection with Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler and Hon-
orable Broughton D. Harris, Mr. Estey was one of the commissioners
on the part of Brattleboro to build the new Chesterfield bridge and to free
the Hinsdale bridge.
He died April 15, 1890.
Emily J. Hines, first wife of Jacob Estey, died August 13, 1836, aged
twenty.
Mr. Estey married, second, May 2, 1837, Desdemona Wood, daughter
of David Wood of Dover and Brattleboro, the ceremony being performed
by Reverend Charles Walker. They immediately began housekeeping in
the Parker house, bought two years before, and lived there until their
permanent residence was built in 1854. This union was an exceptionally
happy one, and to this blessing were added the love and admiration of
their children.
Children :
Abby E., born September 21, 1842; married May 8, 1865, Levi K.
Fuller. (Seep. 909.)
636 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Julius J., born January 8, 1845.
A brother of Jacob Estey, James F. Estey, who married Miss Emily
Hall of Rutland, lived in Brattleboro.
In the early part of 1901 the Estey Company began to build pipe organs.
At the time no facilities were available other than those which the cabinet
organ factories afforded. Their idea was to build a line of small organs
to supply the practically unlimited demand of comparatively small
churches in the country, but the success of the Estey pipe organs was so
instantaneous and the demand so immediate that the company was forced
to accept orders for large instruments. The first organ completed and
sold was placed in the Methodist church in this village in the early fall of
1901. In 1902 a large erection building was built and occupied. Two
large buildings adjoining the first were erected in succeeding years.
The Second Brattleboro House
In 1857 the shop where Jacob Estey began making melodeons was
burned with sixteen other buildings south of Flat Street and a larger shop
was erected where the Brattleboro House stood. That building was
burned in 1864 and another was built which was the Brattleboro House.
Jacob Estey & Company continued to occupy the building as an organ
factory until 1866, when they moved to a new factory on the site of the
S. A. Smith Company factory on Frost Street. (The original Brattleboro
House, first known as Chase's Stage-House, was on Main Street.)
Four years later, in 1870, Isaac Sargent fitted up with all the then
modern improvements this new Brattleboro House. Mr. Sargent's means
became exhausted by reason of his large expenditures and the hotel prop-
erty returned to the possession of J. Estey & Company.
The Estey Company retained the ownership of the property until in
the nineties, when it was bought by Frank L. Hunt,^ who rebuilt the
veranda, added a balcony and also repaired the interior thoroughly, putting
in steam heat.
Many diflFerent persons conducted the hotel.' Perhaps the best-known
proprietors were Dunton & Campbell, who were conducting it in 1880.
They were Colonel Augustus T. Dunton, who afterwards went West,
and Henry Campbell, who became a prominent hotel man in Washington
city. Other proprietors were Morey Brothers of Massachusetts (H. A.
Morey, 1873), Charles Bowles of Newfane, Henry Kilburn of Newfane
and Evans & Son of Townshend. In more recent years the best-known
proprietors have been T. Frank Turner, O. H. Ellis, Miss Sadie Turner,
Cecil G. Turner and Miss Jennie E. Bushee, all of Brattleboro.
^ When Brattleboro voted license in 1903 Mr. Hunt sold the hotel to the Spring-
field Breweries Company.
GEN. JULIUS J. ESTEY 637
General Julius J. Estey
Julius J. Estey received his education in the pubhc schools of his native
town and at the Norwich MiHtary Institute, graduating in 1864. On
attaining his majority he became associated with his father as junior
member of the firm of Estey & Company. When the Estey Organ Com-
pany was incorporated he became the treasurer, and occupied that posi-
tion until 1890, when he became president, with his sons, J. Gray Estey
and J. Harry Estey, respectively, as vice-president and treasurer. Besides
directing the business of this corporation, Mr. Estey was also actively
interested in various other commercial and financial institutions, and
was president of the Peoples Bank of Brattleboro, president of the
Estey Piano Company of New York City and a director in the Estey
Manufacturing Company of Owosso, Michigan, 1890-1902.
He was zealously interested in the maintenance of the military estab-
lishment of the state, to which he aflforded his personal efforts and
means. His connection with the National Guard dates from 1874, when
he organized the Estey Guards of Brattleboro, of which he was chosen
captain. In 1876 he was appointed as aid-de-camp, with the rank of
colonel, on the staff of Governor Horace Fairbanks. In 1881 he was
elected lieutenant-colonel of the Vermont National Guard, and served
with that rank until 1886, when he was elected colonel ; October 13,
1892, he was made brigadier-general and served until 1898.
General Estey was an active Republican, and was repeatedly a delegate
to state conventions, and in 1888 was a delegate-at-large to the national
convention. He was elected to the Legislature in 1876, and to the State
Senate in 1882, affording his aid to the formation and enactment of
various salutary laws relating to the National Guard and to educational
and industrial interests. He was for many years a trustee of Mount
Hermon (Massachusetts) School for young men, and of Northfield
Seminary for young ladies, both founded by Mr. D. L. Moody, the evan-
gelist, as well as treasurer of the latter named institution and of Vermont
Academy at Saxtons River, 1890-1892. In religion he was a Baptist,
exemplary in life and earnest and liberal in the support of his church and
its allied interests. He was for a number of years president of the board
of managers of the Vermont Baptist State Convention and president of
the Baptist State Sunday School Association. He was also deeply inter-
ested in the work of the Young Men's Christian Association ; he was
president of the Brattleboro body from its organization, also serving as
chairman of the state executive committee and presiding at various state
gatherings.
General Estey married, October 29, 1867, Florence Gray, a daughter
638 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of Doctor Henry C. Gray of Cambridge, New York, born August 24,
1848, and a descendant in the seventh generation from Matthew (1) and
Joan Gray, who were among the Scotch-Irish immigrants that landed in
Boston August 4, 1819, and of Doctor Joseph Gray, surgeon in the
American Revolutionary Army.
General and Mrs. Estey became the parents of three children : Jacob
Gray, Julius Harry and Guy Carpenter Estey ; the last was born June 4,
1881, died November 18, 1897. General Estey died March 7, 1903.
J. Gray, the eldest son, was born August 3, 1871. He began his educa-
tion in the public schools of Brattleboro, and pursued advanced studies
at Vermont Academy and the Massachusetts School of Technology. At
the age of twenty he entered the Estey Organ Company's factory and
worked his way through all of its various departments, acquainting him-
self intimately with all the details of the business, mechanical as well as
administrative. He served for a time as superintendent of the manufac-
turing department, later became vice-president, and succeeded to the
presidency after the death of his father.
He early became connected with the National Guard of Vermont, in
which he enlisted as a private, and the Estey Guards, of which he after-
wards became captain, eventually rising to the rank of colonel command-
ing the regiment. He is president of the Peoples Bank of Brattleboro.
Colonel Estey was married October 29, 1893, to Mattie H., daughter
of Leverett Poor, a leather manufacturer of Peabody, Massachusetts.
Of this marriage were born two children: Jacob Poor; Joseph Gray.
Julius Harry Estey, second son of General Estey, was born July 9,
1874. He graduated from the High School in 1892, and in the same year
took a position in the office of the Estey Organ Company, becoming later
its treasurer and also treasurer of the Estey Piano Company of New
York.
From the death of his father in 1903 he had shared with his older
brother the management of the Estey Company, and his sound business
judgment and constant application were invaluable factors in the growth
of that great business. His knowledge of music was not confined to the
mechanical, as he had a discerning taste for good music which made
for joy in his work, and so he gave it the very best that was in him.
In 1881, when a boy of seven years, he first accompanied his father to a
muster, as "marker" and orderly to the regimental commander ; at eleven
he enlisted in Company I, November 28, 1889, and January, 1894, he
ranked as captain on the staff of his father, then brigadier commander.
In February, 1898, he was commissioned first lieutenant, mustered into
the United States service May 16, 1898, and served at Chickamauga dur-
GEN. JULIUS J. ESTEY ' 639
ing the war with Spain. September 30, 1899, he was mustered out of the
Federal service and commissioned captain and adjutant for his brother,
Colonel J. Gray Estey. July 26, 1905, he resigned from the National
Guard, after six years of work done in a thorough and soldierly manner.
He took an intense interest in America's part in the Great World War,
and as head of the local canteen served for months with a self-abnegation
that gave comfort and cheer to hundreds of weary doughboys. He was
chairman of the committee of the Brattleboro War Chest, and of the
executive committee of the Soldiers' Memorial, a member of the Vermont
Society of Colonial Wars and of the Spanish War Veterans.
A remarkable gift for imitation and native wit made him the drawing
character in amateur theatricals — which was one of his recreational pleas-
ures; but it was with his family in their home or in outdoor enjoyment
that he found his happiness and the truest expression of his nature.
He married June 19, 1895, Allethaire, daughter of Colonel Edwin H.
and Sue (Cowan) Chase of Louisville, Kentucky. Children: Paul; Alle-
thaire. He died February 7, 1920.
CHAPTER LXII
SKILLED MECHANICS
John Gore — Edwin Putnam
John Gore, a mechanic and inventor of genius, died in this village,
March 15, 1880, at the age of seventy-five. Mr. Gore came to Brattleboro
in early life, and for several years Vf3.s in business here as a steam boiler
maker. Following this, under the patronage of Chester W. Chapin, he
engaged in a similar business in Springfield, Massachusetts, building both
engines and boilers for steamboats on the line then plying between Spring-
field and Hartford. He also, under Mr. Chapin's patronage, went to
Newbern, North Carolina, where he built machinery for boats in which
Mr. Chapin was interested. At a period later than this Mr. Gore was
again in business in this town. In 1856 and 1857, partly for the relief
of a lung difficulty, he went to Fredonia, New York, where he assisted in
the development of one or more patents. In the course of his life Mr.
Gore made several important mechanical inventions, some of which were
of great practical value. Foremost among them was the invention of the
adjustable mowing machine box, an appliance which lies at the foundation
of the successful manufacture and operation of mowing machines, but
for which he never received any adequate pecuniary return. In his gen-
eral knowledge of mechanics and subjects connected therewith, Mr. Gore
was surpassed by but few men in the country. He was an accomplished
mathematician and had a very considerable knowledge of astronomy.
Mr. Gore was born in Halifax. Older residents recalled, with lively
interest, the fact of his construction of a steam road wagon, about the
year 1835, which was the local wonder of the day.
It was a practical steam vehicle which in most respects resembled a
single-horse wagon, yet it had a good boiler and a two-cylinder engine,
with cylinders approximately three inches in diameter. This boiler was
made of U-shaped tubes one and one-half inches in diameter and so placed
that the lower ends of these tubes served as a grate, while the flame fol-
lowed them toward the top. "Thus does Vermont establish its right to
priority in the field of automobile pioneering, between the Atlantic and
the Pacific."
It was built at a cost of about $600 and was in existence nearly ten
JACOB ESTEYS SHOP
ESTEY ORGAN FACTORY
MOUNTAIN FROM ESTEYVILLE
THE WHETSTONE AT ESTEYVILLE
SKILLED MECHANICS 641
years. Its speed on an ordinary carriage road was a dozen or more miles
an hour. So many horses were frightened that, during the latter part of
its career, the selectmen forbade its appearance on the public highway
unless a boy ran ahead blowing a horn.
Edwin Putnam was the son of Lemuel Putnam, born in the town of
Guilford in the year 1820, and at nine years of age came to Brattleboro
to work for Mrs. Patty Fessenden, where he remained a few years,
going to Boston for a year or two, and returning with the intention of
apprenticing himself to Hines & Newman, machinists, for the purpose
of learning that trade. He afterwards worked for John Gore, in build-
ing steam engines and boilers, and upon the completion of an engine for a
steamboat then building at Springfield, Massachusetts, he assisted in
putting it into the boat and in the capacity of engineer took it to North
Carolina, where it plied as a river boat, young Putnam serving as engineer
for a considerable period.
Upon the completion of this service he returned to Brattleboro in the
employ of Mr. Gore, and afterwards of L. H. Crane, one of the most
skillful mechanics that ever lived in this town. The extraordinary skill
which afterwards gained for Putnam his reputation here found active
play. He was for several years engaged in the construction of the
machinery used by E. A. Stearns & Company for making rules, the most
accurate then in use in America, and undoubtedly much of the great repu-
tation of that firm for accurate work was due to Mr. Putnam for the care
and skill shown by him when so employed. He was employed in building
some of the finest tools in use in the sewing machine industry in Brattle-
boro as well as in some of the leading shops of the country. His skill was
called into use with great effect in the celebrated surveying instruments of
Professor Lyman. Some of the finest machines at the Estey organ works
came from his hands ; he was also an adept at paper machinery. For
many years he took an active part in the fire department of this town, and
mainly to him is Number 6 Engine Company indebted for its fine engine
and its reputation among hand engines. He never lost his interest in mat-
ters of this kind, but was an authority among firemen to the day of his
death.
He was the most skillful machinist Vermont ever produced. He was
not only accurate in all that he did, but he had the eye of an artist and
displayed his taste to an extraordinary degree. When a piece of fine work
left his hands you could trace with unmistakable certainty the cunning
hand of the skilled artisan and the clever imagination of the artist. He
led a quiet and modest life, and in later years was a constant attendant
and firm friend of the church.
642 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Conscientious in all that he undertook, painstaking in everything, he
left a record worthy of imitation by the young mechanic. As a man
he was just, as a mechanic skillful, as a workman faithful, as a friend
steadfast.
CHAPTER LXIII
THE TOWN HALL
AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITION ON THE MUSTER FIELD
A special meeting was called for February 20, 1854, to see, among other
things, what measures the town would take to provide a suitable hall for
holding town and freeman's meetings. When the day came, the voters
were rallied and went to West Brattleboro, where those of the west part
were on hand. After much opposition, including a speech by Samuel
Clark, the meeting voted that the town erect a suitable building for a town
hall and other municipal purposes, to be located in the East Village, and
that a committee of five be chosen by ballot to devise, plan and erect such
a building. Edward Kirkland, Timothy Vinton, Lafayette Clark, George
Newman and Francis Goodhue were chosen such a committee, and author-
ized to borrow $15,000. This was taken to mean that all town meetings
were to be held here and no more at West Brattleboro. Temporarily they
were held in Revere Hall.
Before much had been done towards a new hall a meeting was called
there to have the vote rescinded, but the articles were promptly dismissed.
The Vermont House, kept by Captain Lord, Townsley's store and Wan-
tastiquet Hall had already gone up in flame and smoke to make room for
the new building which was built in 1855. A meeting was held in it Decem-
ber 12 to hear a report from the building committee, and to see if the town
would authorize them to borrow a sufficient sum for remaining expenses
of finishing and furnishing it, but still there was opposition. Finally,
after much debate, the committee was authorized to borrow $8500 for
finishing and furnishing the house and it was built by Joel Bullard.
When done it was an appropriate and handsome structure, admired by
outsiders, and a source of pride to the town. For forty years it stood
without alteration, repair or sign of decay on the outside, and but little
alteration within.
Its use during those forty years was not confined to municipal purposes ;
but state conventions, concerts and theatrical shows were held in the great
hall, and the county clerk's office, lawyers' offices, bookstores, dry goods
stores, and the post office were at times kept below.
644 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In December, 1895, it was voted to renovate the Town Hall to the
amount of $33,000, which would include a Festival Hall and Opera House.
Through the influence of Colonel George W. Hooker, the Abbey Theater
of New York was taken as a model for the latter. It was dedicated
February 1, 1896, and is called the Auditorium.
Agricultural Exhibition on the Old Muster Field
In October, 1846, the Windham County Agricultural Society, Judge
Daniel Kellogg, president, held its annual meeting and exhibition in Brat-
tleboro. The Common was the exhibition ground for live stock, the little
old schoolhouse on Chase Street for farm products and garden vegetables,
the High School house for manufactures and the Unitarian Church for
committees of departments and other business.
On September 12, 13, 14, 1854, the Vermont Agricultural Association,
of which Governor Holbrook was then president, held its fourth annual
fair in Brattleboro. The location of the exhibition was the "Muster
Field," owned by George H. Clark, which included thirty-five acres
enclosed with a board fence ten feet high. The event was one of great
importance for Brattleboro, and The Brattleborongh Eagle, which devoted
very little space to local events, gave a page and a half to the exhibition.
On the right of the area stood floral hall, twenty-six by sixty feet.
South of this was the mechanics' and manufacturers' hall, two hundred
and thirty feet long by forty wide ; on the opposite side was the horse
barn, one hundred and eight feet by twenty-eight feet ; near the center
of the ground and of the half-mile track was the "gallery" for the accom-
modation of spectators ; this building was two hundred feet long and
seated two thousand persons. The speaker's stand stood in a grove at one
side, and the ticket office and judges' stand were properly located.
The citizens of Brattleboro contributed $2000 for the purpose of the
fair, and arrangements were made with all the railroads in the state to
carry animals and articles for exhibition to and from the fair free
and to carry persons at half fare. At least twenty-five thousand people
visited the grounds during the second day, and there were no accidents
and no disturbances. Luther A. Ham, assistant chief of police of the
city of Boston, was specially employed to keep the rogues in awe. The
Germania Band of twelve pieces was engaged to furnish music, under
the directorship of Wolf Fries and the leadership of Mr. Heinicke.
It was a superior exhibition in all the departments. The exhibition
of working cattle was avowedly the best ever seen in the state, there being
over two hundred yoke, forty-eight of which were from West Brattleboro.
Among the Morgan horses were the original Black Hawk and Green
AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITION 645
Mountain Morgan. Honorable Charles Theodore Russell of Boston
(father of Governor William E. Russell) delivered an address upon The
Enfranchisement of Labor on the closing day.
Taking his own idea of the proportions of the Woodbury and Sherman
Morgan horses as guide, Larkin G. Mead, then a promising young artist,
furnished two full-sized pictures in chalk of members of these families,
both of which were framed and hung one at each end of the spectators'
gallery. At the instigation of a few friends he also drew a crayon por-
trait of President Holbrook, which was placed over the judges' stand
unknown to Mr. Holbrook.
CHAPTER LXIV
ST. MICHAEL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH
LIST OF CLERGY
The state of Vermont separated from the Eastern Diocese in May, 1832,
and Right Reverend John Henry Hopkins was the first bishop, with
residence in Burlington.
St. Michael's Church is the child of Christ Church, Guilford, Vermont.
Mr. Alfred Baury, who had been appointed lay reader in 1818 to take
charge of the newly consecrated church in Guilford, was ordained priest,
and he was the first clergyman of the Episcopal church permanently ap-
pointed to officiate in this part of the state of Vermont. That his official
acts took in Brattleboro is evident from the fact that at the first marriage
he performed after his ordination and the second marriage performed in
Christ Church one of the interested parties in this ceremony, the bride-
groom, was from Brattleboro. The entry in the old register reads thus :
"Jan. 1, 1821, Rev. Alfred Baury, officiating minister, Samuel Whitney
of Brattleborough and Amelia Hyde of this town were married." The
second reference to Brattleboro which we find in the old register was made
by the Reverend Jacob Pierson. It reads thus: "Tuesday, Nov. 25, 1834,
Bishop visited this church, preached and confirmed three persons. In the
evening of this day he preached at Brattleborough, where the prospects
of a church are seemingly brightening." It is quite evident from this
that services had been held in this town previous to 1834.
Regular Episcopal services began to be held in Brattleboro, at "Dickin-
son's Hall," in 1836, when a society was formed under the name of St.
Peter's with some hopes of permanency. Reverend David S. Devens, a
talented, promising young man, acting as rector. Honorable John Phelps
and family, prominent actors in commencing this enterprise, moved to
Maryland soon after its organization, thus withdrawing an influence the
infant society could ill afiford to lose. After about two years, services were
held only occasionally, and then usually conducted at some place hired for
the purpose by the rector, who was three miles distant, at East Guilford.
In 1852 accessions to the population of believers in this faith began to
increase ; summer visitors contributed largely to the Sunday services and
to their financial support, a group of church people from Hartford raising
S. MICHAELS EPISCOPAL CHDRCH
SAME LATER PERIOD
STODDARD PLACE RESIDENCE OF GENERAL JULroS J. ESTEY
BUCKNER PLACE RESIDENCE OF PROFESSOR ELIE CHARLIER
ST. MICHAEL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 647
a substantial amount towards a church building. In 1853 St. Michael's
Church was organized, taking away from Christ Church many who for-
merly had gone for services from Brattleboro or who had moved here
from Guilford, services being at first conducted by Reverend G. C. East-
man, in a lower room of the Town Hall. Reverend Mr. Eastman resigned
his charge April 15, 1851. At this time there were between twenty and
thirty communicants, and a Sunday school was organized. Mr. Eastman's
salary was $400. On the third day of September, 1855, Royall Tyler,
Ashbel Dickinson, Walter Rutherford, Charles Roberts, William E.
Nichols, Collingwood Barclay, E. W. Batchelder and Philip Wells organ-
ized under the name of the "Parish of St. Michael's Church, Brattle-
borough, Vermont." On the eighth day of September, 1855, Bayard
Clark, Samuel Hoffman, Joseph Houghton, William E. Nichols, Ashbel
Dickinson, Royall Tyler and Philip Wells were chosen vestrymen. The
vestry, at a subsequent meeting, elected Royall Tyler and Ashbel Dickin-
son as senior and junior warden. The vestry site was secured for a
church edifice, and in the following year, September 29, 1858, on the Feast
of St. Michael's and All Angels, the first public services were held. It
was not until several years later that the church was free from debt and
in a position to be consecrated, which event took place September 29, 1864,
the Right Reverend Henry Hopkins officiating. To encourage the church
towards freeing itself from debt, $300 was raised in 1857 by the action of
a few church people in the town and the liberality of visitors to the Water-
Cure.
Reverend William Southgate, brother of Bishop Southgate, officiated
from 1S54 to April, 1860. Reverend Adolphus P. Morris, an Englishman,
a graduate of Oxford, was invited to accept the rectorship October 10,
1860. Reverend Edmund Rowland occupied the desk in the summer pre-
vious to the advent of Mr. Morris, 1860-1861. Reverend Mr. Morris
was from Hamilton, Canada West, and was rector of this church dur-
ing most of the time, 1861-1864, of the Civil War. October 14, 1864,
Reverend G. W. Porter was invited to become rector of the parish.
He accepted, resigning on account of insufficient salary after about two
years' service, February 13, 1866. Reverend Charles Fay, son-in-law of
Bishop Hopkins, was succeeded by Reverend Francis Smith, who accepted
an invitation to fill the vacancy, April 3, 1867, and resigned December 30,
1868. March 19, 1869, Reverend Charles Clarke Harris, son of Reverend
Roswell Harris, principal for many years of the Brattleborough Academy,
accepted a call in a letter to F. A. Nash, but asked "at the next parish
meeting, will you present the matter of having the church opened Sunday
^evenings ? It has appeared to me that such an arrangement will be for the
648 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
good and for the growth of the parish." His salary was $1000. He
resigned here in 1873, going to Christ Church in Guilford as rector for
two years, and from November, 1874, until his death in 1899, Reverend
William H. Collins was rector.
The tradition is that on Richard M. Hunt's return from Europe he
made the plan for the church building, in imitation of a small country
church he had seen in England.^ Its position indicates that it was designed
as a chapel, in the expectation that a church would be placed in front
and nearer the street. Asahel Clapp laid out the grounds. It is a frame
and brick structure, and was built in 1854; since then, however, it has
received many repairs and much improvement. In 1867 the society pur-
chased a rectory, situated on Green Street. In 1871 they sold this rectory
and purchased a lot on Tyler Street, upon which during the same year a
new rectory was built at a total cost of $6813.96.
Those who have served as wardens are: Royall Tyler, Ashbel Dickin-
son, Daniel Kellogg, Frederick A. Nash, William H. Rockwell, Junior,
Kittredge Haskins, Henry Devens. Others who have been actively
connected with the church are : Asa Keyes, Henry C. Willard, N. C. Saw-
yer, Francis W. Brooks, Colonel William Austine, etc.
Honorable George W. Folsom, his son George W., and his daughter
Helen were especially liberal and active for twenty years. There are
memorial windows to George W. Folsom and Margaret C. Folsom, the
gift of members of the Folsom family.
Francis E. Draper of New York contributed generously and gave a
memorial corona, lectern, altar rail, etc.
Since the death of Mr. Collins the rectors have been: Reverend Edward
T. Mathison, 1899-1907 ; Reverend William J. Hamilton, September 10,
1907; Reverend Andrew D. Harper, 1908-1913; Reverend Nelson Kel-
logg, 1913, to September 1, 1916; Reverend J. Fredrik Virgin, 1916-1918;
Reverend Walter Bernard.
1 There is no authority for this tradition.
CHAPTER LXV
ST. MICHAEL'S ROAIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH • '
St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church — Priests — Young Ladies' Sodality — St
Michael's Parochial School — Sisters of St. Joseph.
The first inhabitant of Catholic antecedents was, as far as is known,
a Clancy, who came in IS-tS ; the first practical Catholic, however, was a
man named Garvey, who died here in 1847 or 1848. The construction of
the Vermont & Massachusetts Railroad in 1847 brought the first notable
Catholic immigration.
Mass was celebrated for the first time in Brattleboro in the early
autumn of 1848, by Reverend Joseph Coolidge Shaw of Boston, under a
tree on the Wood farm in the presence of fifty or sixty worshipers.
Father Shaw had come to take the water-cure. We are told that Father
Daly, the missionary, said mass about the same time, in the woods at
Broad Brook.
Fathers Daly and O'Callaghan visited Brattleboro at irregular intervals
between 1840 and 1853, officiating sometimes in a hall of the old Revere
House, at other times in the Alexander dwelling on Canal Street and
occasionally in a small brick building on Green Street.
Soon after the organization of the Burlington diocese Reverend Zephy-
rin Druon, whose services had been loaned by Bishop Rappe of Cleveland,
began to visit Brattleboro regularly, coming at first from Burlington and
subsequently from Bennington and Rutland.
In 1854, there being about fifty Catholic families in town, he purchased
an old paint shop and fitted it up as a chapel. Reverend Charles O'Reilly
came as first resident pastor in 1865. His mission territory included all
Windham County, and as far north as Ludlow and as far northeast as St.
Johnsbury.
The present church lot was acquired in 1863 by Stephen O'Hara, a
coachman in the employ of Honorable George Folsom. Without revealing
the purpose for which the lot was to be acquired, he entered into an agree-
ment with Mr. Hunt, the owner, and bought, for $450, the site on which
the present church was erected. O'Hara, not having the available money,
enlisted the sympathy of Catharine Daly, a domestic in the Folsom
650 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
family, who devoted her savings to settling the purchase, the matter being
finally arranged by subscriptions of money among Catholics. Work on
the church was commenced shortly afterwards, and in about another year
the edifice was completed. Father O'Reilly was enabled to hold services
in St. Michael's before his departure, though he did not complete the
edifice, the work being continued by his successor. Reverend Joseph
Halpin, who came in 1869 and died in 18T2.
'In 186J: title to the tract of land occupied by the Catholic Cemetery was
acquired by Thomas O'Connor.
Father Halpin bought a house from Mr. Charles Warder for rectory
purposes. He was succeeded by Reverend L. N. St. Onge, who remained
a year and nine months and was followed by Reverend Henry Lane.
Father Lane's administration was signalized by the completion of the
church, the building of a parochial school, the introduction of a com-
munity of Sisters of St. Joseph as teachers, the purchase of another house
for rectory uses and the conversion of the old parochial residence into a
convent. He remained seven years, and was succeeded in May, 1861, by
Reverend Patrick Cunningham, who enlarged and remodeled St. Michael's
Church, adding forty feet to the rear of the edifice, and building a spire.
Father Cunningham had many friends beyond the bounds of his parish,
as he was generally respected for his cooperation with Protestants in
moral reforms and as a good citizen and a good man.
The following stained glass windows in the church were donated by
various members and organizations : St. Gabriel, gift of Mr. and Mrs.
A. H. Ryan; St. Michael, gift of P. M. Baker; St. Catharina, in memory
of Catharine Austin; St. Brigitta, in memory of Johanne Ahern; St.
Patricius E. P., gift of Mr. and Mrs. B. O'Reilly; St. Peter, in memory
of Eugene Moran; Mater Dei, gift of Sodality Blessed Virgin, 1889; St.
Joannes E. V., gift of Mrs. John Kaine, Senior; St. Paul, in memory of
Thomas Manning; St. Cecilia, gift of choir in 1889; St. Angelus, gift of
school; St. Michael, gift of Mr. and Mrs. William Moran.
The Young Ladies' Sodality of the church, with two hundred members
on the roll, formed in 1875, meets in the schoolhouse the first Sunday of
every month, and is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The Altar Society,
which is composed of one hundred and fifty members, looks after the
decorations of the church altars and raises funds to defray the expense of
flowers, etc., for special occasions. The Living Rosary Society is another
organization attached to the church. Other Catholic organizations are
the Knights of Columbus, the Catholic Order of Foresters and the Ladies'
Benevolent Society.
In 1896 Father Cunningham purchased for burial purposes land ad-
ST. MICHAEL'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 651
joining the old cemetery, remodeled the school building and put into the
tower of the church a set of tubular bells.
Reverend Michel J. Carmody expended $10,000 in improving the church
building and installed an Estey organ. He was active, greatly interested in
the young men of his church and in the educational development of the
town; he was a trustee of the Brooks Library.
He was ably assisted by Father Fountain, a French Canadian.
CHAPTER LXVI
THE WINDHAM COUNTY BANK, 1856
June 30, 1864, The First National Bank
The Legislature of 1856 incorporated, by special charter, the Windham
County Bank. Its capital stock was to be $150,000, to be divided into
three thousand shares of $50 each. Asa Keyes, Edward Kirkland, Fer-
dinand Tyler, Oramel R. Post of Brattleboro, William Harris, Junior, of
Windham, Marshall Newton of Newfane, George W. Grandy of Ver-
gennes, Jarvis F. Burrows of Vernon, William H. Jones of Dover and
Thomas White of Putney were appointed commissioners for receiving
subscriptions, and for calling the first meeting for the election of directors.
Its capital stock was fully subscribed for, and on January 13, 1857, the
bank was duly organized by the election of N. B. Williston, Ferdinand
Tyler, O. R. Post, Edward Kirkland and Alfred Simonds of Brattleboro,
J. P. Burrows of Vernon, George Perry of Rockingham, John Campbell
of Putney and Dan Mather of Marlboro as directors. On the same day
N. B. Williston was chosen president and Silas M. Waite cashier. Mr.
Simonds declined to serve as a director, and on March 5, 1857, Franklin
Sawyer of Newfane was elected in his place. At the annual meeting in
1859 the same board of directors was chosen, with the exception of S. M.
Waite in place of Mr. Perry, and Simeon Adams of Marlboro in place
of Dan Mather.
The next change in the board was in 1862, when W. P. Richardson of
Putney was elected in place of John Campbell. In March, 1864, the
stockholders agreed to convert their stock in the Windham County Bank
into shares of capital stock in a banking association to be organized under
the national bank act. Articles of association were signed, and filed with
the comptroller of the currency, forming a banking association under the
laws of Congress, to be called the First National Bank of Brattleboro, with
a capital of $300,000. The assets of the Windham County Bank were
to comprise $150,000 of the aforesaid capital, and the balance was to be
subscribed in money. Books of subscription were opened and the requisite
amount of stock subscribed for. May 17, 1864, the stockholders met and
organized by the election of the following board of directors ; namely :
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK 653
N. B. Williston, Ferdinand Tyler, Edward Kirkland, O. R. Post and
S. M. Waite of Brattleboro, J. F. Burrows of Vernon, W. P. Richardson
of Putney, Simeon Adams of Marlboro and Franklin Sawyer of Newfane.
N. B. Williston was chosen president and S. M. Waite cashier. Edward
Kirkland declined the election for the reason that he was ineligible, not
owning ten shares as required by law, and May 26 Jacob Estey was elected
to fill the vacancy.
The directors all qualified by taking the oath of office prescribed by the
laws of Congress, making their certificate to the effect that the association
was fully organized and that $100,000 of its capital stock had been paid in,
and on June 30, 1864, the comptroller of the currency authorized them to
commence business. Their capital stock was increased to $200,000 Sep-
tember 14, 1864, and to $.300,000 December 19, 1864. Bonds to the
amount of $300,000 were therefore deposited, from time to time, with
the treasurer of the United States, and in return national bank currency
to the amount of $270,000 was furnished them for issue. The same board
of directors was continued in 1865 and 1866, but in 1867 Jacob Estey,
J. F. Burrows and Simeon Adams were retired, and Charles F. Thomp-
son, Francis Goodhue and D. S. Pratt were elected in their places.
In June, 1871, at midday, when no one was in the bank except Colonel
Sawyer, the assistant cashier, the bank was robbed of some $30,000 in
currency and United States bonds, by thieves supposed to belong to a
gang of New York desperadoes. No part of this fund was ever recovered.
At the annual election in 1872 F. A. Nash and H. C. Willard were elected
directors, in place of Messrs. Sawyer and Pratt. The next change in the
board was made in 1873, when J. M. Tyler and Addison Whithed were
elected directors in place of Charles F. Thompson and Francis Goodhue,
who declined further service. In 1874 Mr. Post declined a further elec-
tion, and Warren Parker of Putney was put in his place. In January,
1879, Mr. Williston resigned and Mr. Waite was elected president as well
as cashier.
The bank became involved, and was closed in 1881.
CHAPTER LXVII
THE HOWE PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY
The Howe Photograph Gallery — Caleb L. Howe (J. L. Lovell) — John C. Howe —
Howe family.
Caleb Lysander Howe was a farmer in Dover who taught singing
schools in the winter. One day in the summer of 1852 there came to
Dover a traveling daguerreotype artist ; he did not make the photo-
graphs of today mounted on cards and embodying the skill of an artist;
they were daguerreotypes, the forerunner of the ambrotype and ferrotype,
which preceded the photograph of today.
Caleb Howe was fascinated with the art of reproducing the likenesses
of people and hung about the man's cart, where the "artist" made pictures
on what looked like silver plates. The next day he visited the cart again,
and again on another day. The proprietor of the traveling studio noticed
that Mr. Howe was interested in the process and within an hour or two
proposed to sell out to the Dover farmer. Mr. Howe asked the traveHng
artist what he wanted for his outfit, and the traveler offered to sell for
$300 and would instruct Mr. Howe how to make pictures. It looked easy
to Mr. Howe and the transaction was closed.
Mr. Howe found that he could not solve the mystery of preparing the
mercurial bath for the old-fashioned daguerreotype plate. He knew of a
man in Brattleboro who professed to have some knowledge of the picture-
making art and came from Dover to Brattleboro to talk with him.^ The
Brattleboro artist did not know any more about the troubles which beset
Mr. Howe than the latter did, and Mr. Howe decided that he would go to
Boston to learn what he could about the business in which he had em-
barked. He visited the studio of J. M. Black, then the leading establish-
ment of its kind in Boston, and came away, three or four days later, with a
sufficient knowledge of the art of making pictures to overcome his diffi-
culties. Deciding that Wilmington, whither he had moved from Dover,
was too small a field for his operations, Mr. Howe went to North Adams,
but at that time the building of the Hoosac Tunnel brought to the place an
1 Elihu H. Thomas, Junior, is said to have been the first to take daguerreotypes
in Brattleboro.
THE HOWE PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY 655
element of population that did not appeal to the photographer and he
came to Brattleboro in 1856, purchasing the J. L. Lovell studio.
J. L. Lovell of Amherst, Massachusetts, began making daguerreotypes
at Ware, Massachusetts, in 1849, and three years later in 1852, came to
Brattleboro. Mr. Lovell prepared the pictures for a geological work
arranged by Doctor Dean of Greenfield, and later took tvt'enty thousand
photographs for a similar undertaking under the direction of President
Hitchcock of Amherst. "A Memoir of the Fossil Footprints of the
Connecticut Valley," published by the Smithsonian Institute, was illus-
trated by him. In 1883 Mr. Lovell went with Professor Todd of Amherst
College to take charge of the photographing of the transit of Venus at the
Lick Observatory in California. These one hundred and forty-five views
are the finest ever made of a transit, one of them receiving a special
mention in the diploma awarded Amherst College for its exhibit at the
World's Fair. While in Brattleboro Mr. Lovell had many men more or
less known to fame sit for the old-fashioned daguerreotype, among them
being Henry Ward Beecher, who was on a lecturing tour.
Opening his studio in Brattleboro Caleb Howe followed the profes-
sion until his death in 1895. Mr. Howe's son, N. Sherman Howe, was
associated with him in business here until 1870. In 1880 another son,
John C. Howe, became associated with him and the business was moved
from the studio in Union Block, which he opened in 1865, to quarters in
the Peoples Bank block, the firm becoming C. L. Howe & Son. .
When John C. Howe became interested in the photograph business in
1868 the operator thought of little but getting an image of the sitter on his
plate ; there was always a small table with a book on it ; the person
to be photographed was placed facing the camera and given the book; if
the sitter preferred he could rest one of his arms on the table. In those
days few homes in this part of the country failed to have a photograph
album. Having bought a big album it became necessary to fill it, and as
the records of the Howe studio show that from twenty to forty sittings
were made daily, it is to be presumed that but few of the inhabitants
escaped having their picture taken. From 1860 to 1864 the studio averaged
about twenty sittings daily and in those days patrons generally paid in
advance.
Caleb Howe employed two and sometimes three men, and many of the
photographers of New England were pupils of this pioneer in the photo-
graphic business.
Mr. Howe traveled through all parts of Windham County and over
into Bennington County as well as into New Hampshire, stopping a week
or two in a place, making pictures. The old-fashioned daguerreotype,
one and one-half inches by two inches, in a gilt frame with a glass, sold
656 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
for one dollar, while the size that corresponds to the cabinet photograph
of the present day brought five dollars. During twenty years, from two to
four thousand sittings were made annually in the Howe studio. In the
early days of the photographic business in Brattleboro, Caleb Howe and
his employees worked from 7 a.m. till 6 p.m., and generally came back
for two hours in the evening.
Until about 1875 the studio did not send out proofs of a negative
that a person might make a choice; but one sitting would be given
to any person; the studio guaranteed its work and it was rarely that
it had to be done over because of any imperfection. During the years
that Caleb Howe traveled about making pictures the wet plate pro-
cess was used and it was necessary to have a dark room in which to
prepare the plates for exposure. This dark room was on wheels and was
drawn about the country. The cameras used by Mr. Howe, Senior, were
equipped with lenses of no greater capacity than those in some of the
cheap cameras used by amateurs today.
John C. Howe is one of the very few photographers in New England
who has made pictures by every process known to the profession. He has
seen the ambrotype give way to the ferrotype or tintype and both of these
processes succeeded by the photograph of today. When Mr. Howe was a
boy in his father's studio all the paper used for printing was imported, and
when received by the photographer it had to be treated to remove the
sizing. Today such paper comes from the manufacturer prepared for use.
The old-time photographer bought his glass in sheets for use in framing
daguerreotypes and cut it to fit the different frames selected by his
patrons. Black and white effects were the only ones sought in the early
days of the profession and the artist had but little idea of the effect of
light in taking a picture other than to know that light was absolutely
necessary.
Caleb Lysander Howe was born in Dummerston September 23, 1811 ;
he married Cynthia, daughter of Deacon Nathan Sherman of Dover.
He died March 14, 1895.
Children :
■ Nathan Sherman Howe was born in Dover, August 1, 1838. He left
his father's studio in 1870 and went to Chicago, where he was con-
nected with the Fassett Gallery for a year or more. After his return
to Brattleboro he was in the insurance business with Malcolm Moody,
the assistant treasurer of the Vermont Savings Bank, and in 1884-
1887 was connected with the management of Madison Square Hotel,
New York; later he became manager of Mizzentop Hotel at Pawling,
New York, and the Princess Hotel in the Bermudas. He married.
TPIE HOWE FAMILY 657
1901, Miss Anna Hillyer of New York, and died February 22, 1907.
Janette a. was born in Dover October 20, 1840. When the family
moved to Brattleboro in 1857, she attended Glenwood Seminary, and
afterwards had private lessons in French. She taught one or two
years in the Academy at Peacham and several terms in the "little red
schoolhouse" of the Waite District in Brattleboro. About the year
1873 she was engaged as teacher of English literature, American his-
tory, botany and French in the High School, which position she held
for fifteen years, resigning on account of ill health. She afterwards
spent winters with her brother in Bermuda until the death of her
father, when she devoted her time to her stepmother. She was a
natural student, and had a superior mind and a charming personality.
She gave the best years of her life to the service of others in the
home, and in school, where she had the respect and affection of her
pupils while imparting to them something of her own enthusiasm
for study. She died March 27, 1902.
Mr. Howe married, second, 1847, Martha B. Simonds, daughter of
Deacon David Simonds of Peru, born October 12, 1823; died August
7, 1901.
Children :
John C, photographer, married Miss Florence J. Fisher.
Alice, married January 10, 1887, E. E. Holloway of Indianapolis. Chil-
dren: Dorothea, Edward Howe.
LuciEN, musician, composer.
Fred, successful proprietor of the Princess Hotel, Bermuda, and Aspin-
wall Hotel, Lenox, Massachusetts, married Miss Alice Shea; died
August 9, 1931. Children : Stanley S., Martha.
Mary L., the singer (see p. 991), married November 30, 1891, William
J. Lavin, tenor singer; married, second, October 24, 1905, Edward O.
Burton of Lancaster, Massachusetts.
Arthur D. Wyatt, who learned photography in Caleb Howe's "Gallery,"
had a studio in the Cutler building from 1882 to 1915 where, with an
artist's eye and feeling, he achieved results which gave to his work a dis-
tinctive place and an extended reputation.
CHAPTER LXVIII
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
Private Schools — The Melrose Seminary — Fremont School for Young Ladies,
Reverend Addison Brown — Select School for Young Ladies, Miss Sarah Hunt —
Elm Hall, Mrs. Lucy M. Chase — Burnside Military School, Colonel Charles
Appleton Miles — New Brattleborough Academy— Glenwood Ladies' Seminary,
Hiram Orcutt — Laneside Boarding School for Young Ladies, Miss Louisa A.
Barber.
The Melrose Seminary
The Melrose Seminary was a Universalist school. The building, erected
in Marlboro on the boyhood home of Edward Crosby, was moved to West
Brattleboro in 18-47 and used as a seminary. The first principal, in 1847,
was Reverend J. S. Lee, D.D., afterwards of Canton, New York: the
first preceptress was Miss Almira Bennett, who soon after became the
wife of Mr. Lee. The seminary opened with two hundred and fourteen
students. Joseph Tucker, son of Doctor Tucker of Marlboro, taught one
or two terms; A. W. Putnam was principal in 1850, succeeded by A. B.
Boardman, afterwards a prominent lawyer of Boston.
About 1860 A. E. Leavenworth started a boys' school in the building,
supported by funds given by Samuel Clark, afterwards lost in the First
National Bank failure^ When the war broke out Mr. Leavenworth en-
listed and the school was given up. In its prosperous days there were
about ninety pupils.
Among the pupils of the old Seminary who entered the ministry were :
S. H. McCollester, D.D., later of Marlboro, New Hampshire ; Reverend
S. Goodenough, Oakland, California; Reverend Joseph Crehare, Peabody,
Massachusetts; Sumner Ellis, D.D., Chicago; Reverend R. A. Ballou,
Boston. In secular pursuits: Judson Fisher and Henry G. Spaulding;
Congressman Halbert S. Greenleaf of Rochester, New York; Ozro Miller,
a well-known soldier; C. N. Davenport; Horace Haskins, Boston.
The New Brattleborough Academy
was designed to meet the want, at least, of this and all the immediately
surrounding towns, being situated centrally within a radius of twenty
miles more or less in extent, where the graduates from the district schools
THE NEW BRATTLEBOROUGH ACADEMY 659
might receive a supplementary education that would enable them to
teach creditably in such schools, or pursue successfully other than the
agricultural calling — surveying or mercantile life, or fit them for a colle-
giate course.
Extensive repairs were made in 1842 resulting in a new academy build-
ing. The first chemical apparatus was installed in the institution in the
year 1848 at a cost of about $30.
In 1851 an effort was made to raise a fund of $10,000 with which "to
provide buildings on an ample and commodious scale for the accommoda-
tion of 250 scholars," with corresponding extension of the curriculum of
study. The sum of $5036 was secured and expended in the present school
building, then situated to the east of the original one ; in this was included
the bequest of William R. Hayes, Esquire, of $1000. After the erection
of the new building, in 1853, another effort was made to secure the addi-
tional $5000, for the following purposes, to wit :
1. To furnish the new building.
2. To provide apparatus and books.
3. To erect a boarding house.
4. To provide a permanent fund for the maintenance of the school.
0. To establish a female department on the basis of the Mount Hol-
yoke female seminary.
Only about $2000 was secured for these purposes, and of this sum
Samuel Clark, Esquire, contributed for himself and sons $1000, and was
thereupon voted "two permanent scholarships for himself and his heirs
forever."
The dedication of the new academy was largely attended. Prominent
speakers were present and an excellent program was arranged. The struc-
ture was considered one of the best in town and for several years was
used for public gatherings and entertainments. The area of the academy
was fifty-six by forty feet. The upper story was improved and used as a
town house. In the spring of 1854 the first school was held in the new
academy, and the old academy was converted into a boarding house and
used for that purpose in connection with the school until it was torn down.
In 1859 the trustees leased the premises to Mr. Hiram Orcutt, who the
following year erected at his own expense the east building, now situated
between the new academy building and the Congregational Church. This
lease was for a term of ten years, in consideration of his making it "a
young ladies' school, and also maintaining, apart from the same, but in
the same village, a school for lads, in which the like facilities should be
afforded as had been afforded by the old academy prior thereto."
In 1861 the school received a fund of $1000 by bequest of Samuel
Clark, Esquire, the income from which was to go toward the education of
660 ■ ANXALS OF BRATTLEBORO
boys. The school for boys was discontinued by consent of the trustees in
1863, but in 1S71 the accumulated income of the Clark fund was appro-
priated to a class taught by Miss Annie Grout, at a fixed rate of tuition
for each.
The ten years' lease to Mr. Orcutt having expired, one for five years
was given to Mr. Ralph E. Hosford on similar terms. This was sur-
rendered by him to the trustees in 1873. In 1874 Mr. V. T. Lang became
principal and continued until his death in 1876. Soon after Mr. C. L.
Linsley secured the lease for one year, it was transferred, with consent of
trustees, to J. W. Cross, Junior, who held it till the expiration of the year.
In 1879 the trustees agreed to lease the premises for ten years to Mr.
C. E. Blake on condition that he purchase the East Hall, and that he keep
"a school of the academy grade, for the instruction of youth of both
sexes," according to its original design.
April 15, 1881, the trustees granted Mr. Blake permission to transfer
his lease to any party who could fulfill the following conditions :
1. He must be a Christian man, interested in Christian work, and his
life and example such as a Christian man's should be. He must conduct
the school in a manner identified with the interests of the Congregational
Church of this place, with the understanding that this latter clause shall
be construed in no sectarian spirit.
2. He must have the power to a reasonable degree of drawing in
pupils, instructing and retaining them.
Pursuant to these expressed conditions, August 1, 1881, the trustees
permitted the transfer of Mr. Blake's lease to Mr. H. H. Shaw of North-
field, Vermont, for the remainder of its specified term.
In 1884 the old academy building was taken down and disposed of.
Other principals were: Henry M. Grout, B.A.; Professor C. H. Chan-
dler; Arthur Folsom, B.A.
Fremont School for Young Ladies
Brattleboro's pride in the reputation of her private schools, their high
educational status, and in the character of the pupils was further justified
in the Fremont School for Young Ladies, a family boarding school, con-
ducted by the Reverend Addison Brown in his own home on the south
side of Chase Street at the edge of "Brown's Woods," as they were
called, with a house for pupils opposite. The school was advertised in
1850 for day scholars as "A High School for Young Ladies." With Mr.
Brown was associated Miss Lucretia Cramer of Middle Granville, New
York, a graduate of Castleton Seminary in this state, who brought the
highest testimonials of character and qualifications for teaching.
BDRNSIDE MILITARY SCHOOL
OFFICERS OF THE SCHOOL IN 1865
COLD SPRING
THE KANE PINE
BURNSIDE MILITARY SCHOOL 661
The school was designed to be of "an elevated character — to afford
the means of a thorough education, special attention to be paid to health
- — to physical as well as intellectual and moral culture." The school was
located in a retired and beautiful spot, furnished with ample playgrounds
for exercise and every way admirably fitted for the purposes of education.
Board was furnished in the farrtily of Mr. Brown for ten young ladies,
of whom Miss Cramer had the special care and direction.
Terms for board, and tuition in all the branches except Music and Oil
Painting, 150 dollars per year of 44 weeks, or 40 dollars per quarter of
11 weeks. For day scholars, 5 dollars per quarter for English branches, 1
dollar extra for each of the Ancient and Modern Languages, 1 dollar for
Drawing, 1 dollar for Vocal Music and 2 dollars for Painting in Water
colors. For instruction on the Piano and in Oil Painting 10 dollars each,
both for day scholars and boarding pupils.
In 1850-1856 Miss Sarah Hunt of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, a pupil of
Mrs. Almira Lincoln Phelps, conducted a "Select School for Young
Ladies," corner of the Common and Asylum Streets, where Miss Rebecca
Peck had the first private school.
In 1857 Mrs. Lucy M. Chase, who had also been a pupil of Mrs. Phelps,
took the Select School of Miss Hunt, gave it the name Elm Hall Semi-
nary and had a large and successful day school until 1871.
As Miss Lucy M. Rawson, she had taught in the town previous to her
marriage in 1853 to Utley Chase, a clerk in the local post office. When
they removed to Bernardston she became a correspondent of Brattleboro
and Greenfield papers. Mrs. Chase was a devoted communicant of St.
Michael's Episcopal Church.
BuRNsiDE Military School
Colonel Charles Appleton Miles was born in Boston in March, 1834,
and was a descendant of two of the old and distinguished New Eng-
land families, the Mileses and Appletons. The first representative of
the Miles family in this country was John Miles, who came from the
north of England and settled in Concord, Massachusetts, in 1637, arid was
one of the largest landowners among the original proprietors of that town.
The line of descent was John 2d, John 3d, Noah, Reverend Noah and
Solomon Pierson, father of Colonel Charles A. Miles. The grandfather.
Reverend Noah Miles, graduated with honors from Dartmouth College
in 1780 and preached with eminent success in Temple, New Hampshire,
fifty years. Solomon Pierson Miles, father of Colonel Miles, was a lead-
662 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
ing educator of this country, ranking with such men as Horace Mann and
George B. Emerson, and was well known in the best circles of Boston,
where he labored many years. He graduated from Harvard University
in 1819, was an instructor there some years and then became head master
of the Boston High School, where he put into practice many of his ad-
vanced theories. After conducting that school twenty years with marked
success he opened a private school for the instruction of girls in Boston,
where he was even more successful than in his public school work.
He married Sarah Elizabeth Appleton, eldest daughter of Nathaniel
Walker Appleton and Sarah (Tilden) Appleton. He died August 22,
1812. She died January 3, 1877, aged sixty-nine. Nathaniel Walker
Appleton was a prosperous Boston merchant and treasurer of a large
manufacturing corporation in Lowell. His father. Doctor Nathaniel
Walker Appleton, was a Harvard graduate and a physician who won
distinction in his professional work.
From his father's position Colonel Miles was brought under the influ-
ence of some of the most cultivated people of Boston. He prepared for
college at the Roxbury Latin School and entered Harvard University,
from which he graduated in 1853, at the age of nineteen, among his class-
mates being ex-President Eliot and Professors Hill and Pierce of Har-
vard. While in Harvard Colonel Miles belonged to many of the college
fraternities. He was a member of the first Harvard crew, which in 1852
battled for supremacy with Yale. Deciding to enter upon a business career,
he took a position as clerk in an East India house, where he remained until
his twenty-first year. Soon after he went to Lowell, Massachusetts, and
was superintendent in a manufacturing establishment. He also went west,
but the financial crisis of 1857 caused him to return east. He opened a pri-
vate school in Northfield, Massachusetts, which he conducted with such
success that he was engaged as head master of the Brattleboro High School,
where he continued a short time. Reverend Charles Morris, an English-
man, brother of Reverend Adolphus P. Morris, rector of St. Michael's
Episcopal Church, had a small school for boys, which Colonel Miles '
assumed, as Mr. Morris wished to return to England, and from this
beginning he established the Burnside Military School, which he conducted
seventeen years.
Colonel Miles founded his school for boys in 1859. It derived its name
from General Ambrose E. Burnside, a personal friend of the founder.
As it was one of the earliest military schools in the United States it drew
students from all over the country.
The school was established in a spacious building about a mile north
of the village on the West Dummerston road. The main building, built
BURNSIDE MILITARY SCHOOL 663
by Judge Samuel Wells in 1773, was remodeled by Colonel Miles in 1861.
In those days a long corridor ran the length of the building, and the cadets'
rooms opened from it on each side. Colonel Miles's room was at one end
of the corridor in full view of the large general washroom (as it was
called), and he could easily see that the boys did not neglect their morning
ablutions. The school was under strict military discipline when discipline
implied more rigid regulations than at the present time. The roll of the
drum at six o'clock was the signal for prompt rising and dressing, after
which all stood outside their doors while their rooms were inspected. The
roll was called at reveille, sunset and taps, which latter meant for the
younger boys 8.30 p.m., and for the older ones 9.30.
Colonel JMiles was one of the first educators to recognize physical de-
velopment as of primary importance in the education of the young and
as an important factor in their intellectual growth. A well-equipped
g}'mnasium afforded the opportunity for enforced physical culture, thus
insuring the health of the students. They were also taught fencing and
boxing, and baseball was a constant source of recreation. Regular drill
was a part of each day's schedule, occupying a full hour, and every Satur-
day there was dress parade on the drill ground. These occasions brought
hundreds of people of the town, and strangers as well, to witness the
dress parade, which had a fascination of its own. One of the punish-
ments most dreaded was that of being placed at the extreme left of the
column at dress parade, especially as all the young ladies understood
perfectly well its significance. The uniform of the cadets was navy blue,
with red stripes.
Through the kindness of Doctor Rockwell, the founder of the Ver-
mont Asylum for the Insane, the students were given the freedom of the
outlying grounds belonging to the institution, with the sole provision that
if the privilege was abused it would be withdrawn. Rifle practice and
hunting were encouraged, and many of the cadets became excellent marks-
men. The school year was divided into two terms, beginning the first of
January and July, with intervening vacations of six weeks. Camps were
formed and tents pitched for two weeks every summer at various places.
One of the most popular locations was Indian Pond on Wantastiquet
Mountain.
With an attendance of from seventy-five to one hundred pupils, it was
possible to introduce company organizations, with full equipment of offi-
cers and arms ; battalion drill was also conducted. Skirmishes and sham
fights took place frequently, and thus the cadets came in touch with mili-
tary life and maneuvers. They also became very proficient in the manual
of arms. Exhibition drills were often given in Greenfield and in other
towns in the vicinity.
664 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Two courses of study were provided, the classical and mathematical.
The former comprised Caesar, ALneid, Virgil, Cicero, Livy, Horace, Xeno-
phon. Homer, Herodotus and other Latin and Greek classics. The mathe-
matical course, under the personal supervision of the principal, included
arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry (plane and spherical) and
other branches. They were very severe and comprehensive courses, and
placed the Burnside School far in advance of almost any preparatory
school of that day. None but the best the country afforded were allowed
in the faculty, and there was a large teaching force — special teachers for
French, for German, for the classics, Colonel Miles himself in charge of
mathematics, and a woman teacher in charge of the younger lads.
At the breaking out of the Civil War very few of the citizens of the
state or country knew even the rudiments of military drill, and Colonel
Miles and his cadets rendered invaluable service in drilling a company of
raw recruits, and their officers as well, in Brattleboro and surrounding
towns. Even the Second Vermont Regiment was indebted to the same
school for early training, as was Colonel Hunt's company of heavy artil-
lery. Colonel Miles himself had seen service in the volunteer militia of
Massachusetts.
Colonel Miles went to Europe in 1873 and studied two years in Heidel-
berg, Gotha and Paris. Returning to this country, he accepted the posi-
tion of head master of the Anthon Grammar School in New York City,
1877, afterwards establishing the Arnold Preparatory School at 100 West
Forty-third Street in that city. Desiring to withdraw somewhat from
the strenuous activities of his profession he returned to Brattleboro in
1885, rented the Franks house on High Street, where he and his sister,
Miss Katharine Miles, kept house, and for some time Colonel Miles
engaged in private instruction. As a teacher his work was not only
thorough but progressive, which won for him an excellent reputation in
his profession. He married January 5, 1880, Josephine Myra T. Finn,
daughter of Archibald Finn of New York; she died November 6, 1882.
On August 8, 1889, he married Fanny Glover Train of Sheffield, Massa-
chusetts, a daughter of Mrs. Horace Train and of a prominent family in
that town. Children : Appleton Train Miles, bom June 12, 1894 ; gradu-
ate Dartmouth College, 1916.^
1 Lieutenant Appleton T. Miles was the first Brattleboro boy to go overseas
in 1916, enlisting in the ambulance corps with the French Army. When the
United States entered the war he was transferred to Section 8, later 628, of the
American Field Service. He was decorated with the CroLv de guerre with star and
finally a palm was added by General Petain for distinguished service during heavy
bombardment, when he took the place of a French colonel of a sanitary service after
the colonel was killed. After his return home the Legion of Honor was conferred on
him by the French government.
GLENWOOD SEMINARY (FROM PROSPECTUS)
GLENWOOD SEMINARY
GLENWOOD SEMINARY OLD ACADEMY BUILDING
WALNUT STREET LOOKING EAST
WALNUT STREET CORNER
GLENWOOD LADIES' SEMINARY 665
Colonel Miles had two sisters : Jane, born in Boston October 17, 1838,
married September 1, 1875, Judge James M. Tyler, died May 14, 1919;
and Katharine, born December 21, 1S40 ; died September 16, 1912.
In early life Colonel Miles joined the Masonic fraternity, and in the
several branches of the order in Brattleboro he served with deep interest
and becoming dignity. He was the first commander of Beauseant Com-
mandery, Knights Templars, past high priest of Fort Dummer Chapter,
Royal Arch Masons, past master of Columbian Lodge, F. and A. M., past
grand high priest of the grand chapter of Vermont and a member of
Bingham Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star. For many years Colonel
Miles was treasurer of the board of trustees of the Brattleboro Free
Library, speaking in behalf of the institution in the annual town meetings,
and his work for the library was of a very painstaking and effective
character. He was a prominent member of the Unitarian Church, serving
efficiently on the board of trustees. He also took a leading part in the work
of the Brattleboro Professional Club.
In the communities in which he lived Colonel Miles was always recog-
nized as a man of broad culture and untiring energy, unselfishly devoted
to every position in which he was placed. He died July 3, 1911.
To no institution in the town has he given so freely during these dozen
years of his time and thought and energy as to the library. To his wide
knowledge of books, his judicial and catholic temper and his genuine
sympathy with all that is good in literature our excellent selection of
books and periodicals is a lasting monument. In his departure the library
loses a faithful servant, the board of trustees a genial and stimulating
member and the town a public spirited citizen. — From Resolutions by the
Board of Trustees, on the death of Colonel Miles.
Glenwood Ladies' Seminary
Hiram Orcutt had been principal of the Thetford Academy and North
Granville Seminary, when he came to West Brattleboro in 1860 and
leased the buildings and property of the Brattleborough Academy. He
also purchased an adjoining lot and erected a large seminary building.
The old buildings were repaired, grounds graded and ornamented, and
the whole valued at $20,000.
It vfcfas opened to pupils September 29, 1860,^ as Glenwood Ladies'
Seminary, Mr. Orcutt, principal, Miss Mary E. Cobb, vice-principal.
1 Between 1860 and 1865 Reverend William Clark, after thirty years as mis-
sionary in Armenia, came as assistant. After his connection with Glenwood
ceased, he established a college for girls in Florence, Italy. In 1862 his nephew,
Edward Clark, came to teach music here. Miss Cobb, after her marriage to
H. S. Hayes, opened a school for young ladies in Boston in 1872.
666 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Twelve assistant teachers, men and women, were permanently employed.
He was the first to introduce systematic physical culture in the schools of
Vermont. In 1862 there were eighty pupils. The average attendance was
one hundred and twenty-five. In five and one-half years more than six
hundred pupils had studied in this highly prosperous school, of whom
one hundred and ten were graduated. While in Brattleboro Mr. Orcutt
was superintendent of the public schools, and editor and proprietor of
The Vermont School Journal.
GLENWOOD LADIES' SEMINARY
Principals and Superintendents
HiR.'\M Orcutt, A.M., Principal.
Miss Mary E. Cobb, Vice-Principal.
Miss Valina Wallace, Superintendent East Hall.
Mrs. M. M. Woodward, Superintendent West Hall.
Ralph E. Hosford, Esq., Financial Agent.
Board of Instruction
Hiram Orcutt, A.M.,
Evidences of Christianity and Moral Science.
Miss Mary E. Cobb,
History and English Literature.
Miss Helen M. Bromley,
Higher Mathematics and Astronomy.
Miss Anna Stevens,
Latin and Botany.
Miss Fanny M. Webster,
Arithmetic and Algebra.
Miss L. S. Ferguson,
English Branches.
Miss Helen S. Crampton,
French.
Prof. Ch. F. Schuster,
Instrumental Music.
Miss A. T. LeMoyne,
Vocal and Instrumental Music.
LANESIDE BOARDING SCHOOL G67
Miss Mary F. Hunter^
Piano.
Miss Lizzie E. Tenney,
Piano.
Miss Mary E. Hayes,
Piano Assistant.
Miss Kate Newhall,
Oil Painting, Penciling and Crayoning.
Miss Mary C. Kimball,
Gymnastics.
The Scholastic Year consists of three Sessions.
Summer Session begins fourth Monday in April; Fall Session,
fourth Monday in September; Winter Session, the first Monday in
January, 1867.
Expenses vary from $210 to $300 per Academic Year, for Board and
Regular Tuition in all Departments.
Apply to the Principal.
During six or seven weeks of Summer Vacation, the Seminary will be
open to City Boarders.
Apply to R. E. HosFORD.
West Brattleboro, March, 1866.
Laneside Boarding School for Young Ladies
Miss Louisa A. Barber
Louisa A. Barber was born April 13, 1828. She was the daughter of
Deacon Anson Barber, who died February 19, 1873, at the residence of
his son in West Townshend, and Louisa Potter his wife, who died June
6, 1886, at the age of eighty-five.
When a young woman she went, to Maryland as governess and teacher,
in the place where her brother, Reverend Theodore Barber, was rector.
There she became an earnest and devout Episcopalian. Returning to
Brattleboro, from 1860 to 1870 she conducted a young ladies' boarding
and day school, called "Laneside," on Keyes's Lane, now North Street,
where Miss Sawyer's school afterwards was in 1871. She was greatly
beloved by a fine class of pupils, especially by those who lived in her
house.
November 19, 1870, she married Thomas Doane of Charlestown,
Massachusetts. He was chief engineer of the Burlington & Missouri
668 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
River Railway, Nebraska, 1869-1871, and built that road. From 1874 he
was consulting engineer for Troy and Greenfield, Hoosac Tunnel and on
the Boston Park Commission; also president of the Boston Society of
Civil Engineers and consulting engineer of the Northern Pacific Railroad
in 1879. He founded Doane College, Crete, Nebraska. Mrs. Doane died
in Charlestown, IMassachusetts, September 29, 1908.
Her brother. Reverend Theodore P. Barber, was born January 27,
1822 ; went to school at the Brattleborough Academy in the West Village
under the "beloved Preceptor," Roswell Harris, and graduated at Yale
in 1842. The following year he tutored in Virginia; in 1844 was a candi-
date for holy orders, studying theology with Doctor Wyatt of Baltimore;
in 1846 he was ordained deacon at Salisbury, Maryland, was sent as
missionary to Laurel, Maryland, and built a new and flourishing church
there the next year. In 1848 he was ordained priest in Baltimore. In
1849 he became rector of Great Choplank, a parish in Cambridge, Mary-
land, where he continued in active service forty-four years. He was a
frequent deputy to the general convention as dean of convocation and on
important church committees of the state. In 1855 he received D.D. from
St. John's College.
He married in 1856 Miss Annie C. Hooper of Cambridge. .
Children :
Henry Anson, Lieutenant First Cavalry, U. S. A.
William Wyatt, a tutor in St. Mark's School, Southboro, Massachusetts.
Miss Florence Sawyer's School
Miss Sawyer taught in the Dickinson High School, Deerfield, three
years, the Prospect Hill School, Greenfield, Glenwood Classical Seminary
and at Shelburne Falls, where she established an evening school that had
a large patronage, before coming to Brattleboro in 1871.
The school opened with seven scholars. One hundred was the average
attendance in 1894, when she had thirteen teachers.
She was a remarkably stimulating and thorough teacher, who exacted
the best her scholars could give, in work and time, — and her school was
the most largely attended of any of the private schools in this town, from
1871 to 1897.
A paper, Tlie School Dial, was published by a flourishing debating
society.
Saint Helen's School for Boys and Girls opened in the school building
of Miss Tyler in 1876, and again after two years in the Park House, was
conducted by Mrs. Emma J. Ives from 1879 to 1887, Miss S. A. C.
SAINT HELEN'S SCHOOL 669
Thomas, preceptress. They were assisted by Miss Louise Chappell, a
sister of Mrs. Ives. Mrs. Ives was born in Rochester. She came here
from New York with her sons, Ralph, PhiHp, who died here, and
Kenneth.
CHAPTER LXIX
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Biographical Sketches— Pratt family (Wheeler & Pratt)— D. Stewart Pratt—
Alfred H. Wright— Oscar J. Pratt— Oscar D. Esterbrook— Silas M. Waite, the
Organ Case — The Vernon cannon — Frederick A. Nash — Charles C. Waite — Bethuel
Ranger — Charles F. Thompson — Reverend James Herrick — Draper family: Rev-
erend George B. Draper, William H. Draper, AI.D., Francis E. Draper. Francis
Goodhue, II — Honorable Broughton D. Harris — Fred H. Harris — Charles A.
Harris — Honorable RanslureW. Clarke — Timothy Vinton — William F. Richardson
— Isaac N. Thorn — Barna A. Clark — Edward Crosby — Crosby family (Charles B.
Rice, Leroy F. Adams, C. W. Wyman, Edward C. Crosby) — John J. Retting —
William Alonzo Hopkins — Davenport & Mansur: Alonzo C. Davenport, Charles
H. Mansur — Philip Wells — William S. Newton — Honorable George Howe
(George E. Howe) — Judge Daniel Kellogg — Kellogg family (Judge Asa O. Aldis,
Henry A. Willard) — John Burnham — Henry Burnham — Burnham family — Larkin
G. Mead, Junior — The Snow Angel — William Rutherfurd Mead — William Morris
Hunt — Richard Morris Hunt — Colonel Leavitt Hunt — Bradley family continued :
William C, 11— S. Rowe— Richards Bradley— Arthur C. (Richards M.— J. Dorr).
Walker family : Reverend Charles Walker — Stephen A. Walker — Reverend George
Leon Walker (Professor Williston Walker) — Henry F. Walker, M.D. Norman
F. Cabot (William Brooks Cabot) — Honorable George W. Folsom — Honorable
Hampden Cutts — Miss Mary Cutts — George Chandler Hall — Honorable Charles
Kellogg Field — Thomas Thompson — Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson — Item of Thomp-
son will.
The Pratt Family
Rufus Pratt,^ born July i, 1799, married July 31, 18-33, Maria E., daugh-
ter of Major James and Polly Stewart Esterbrook, born September 7,
1800; died October 19, 1857. He died November 28, 1877, aged seventy-
eight.
Children :
Lucius G., who spent his early life in Brattleboro, and was of the firm
Wheeler & Pratt. He later went to West Newton, Massachusetts,
and engaged in wholesale silk and finally in the wholesale grocery
business. He married Maria C, daughter of James Hastings, who
died September 4, 1858, aged thirty. He died in 1905, aged eighty.
They had a son, Herbert G., who married February, 1890, Miss
Frances E. Sawyer.
1 Pratt & Bullock, 1844.
DANIEL STEWART PRATT 671
Lucy J., married July 19, 1864, Frederic S. Plimpton of Boston. She
died in San Diego, California, December 28, 1889; by a second mar-
riage she had three sons and one daughter.
In 181:1 Franklin Hoar Wheeler, who had been a clerk for his brother,
and Lucius G. Pratt (son of Rufus), bought out John H. Wheeler and
combined the business, which had become a general dry goods and grocery
business, the firm being Wheeler & Pratt. In 1849 the partnership was
dissolved and Lucius G. Pratt became the senior member of the firm of
Pratt, Wheeler (Leonard) & Company, D. Stewart Pratt, the younger
brother of Lucius G., being the. "company." They continued to do busi-
ness successfully for four years, their sales the last year aggregating
$100,000.
Daniel Stewart Pratt was born August 3, 18'26, on what is known
as the Thomas Betterley farm in the west part of the town. He went
to school in West Brattleboro until he was fifteen years old, then
went to work in his father's market which was situated on Main
Street where the Ullery Building now stands. He remained there
until he was twenty-one years old and entered the employ of Wheeler
& Pratt, who conducted a general dry goods and grocery store. He
married February 14, 1850, Caroline P., daughter of Edmund and
Betsey Wright Hoar, born in Bedford, Massachusetts, December 9,
1830 ; she died March 14, 1896.
While D. Stewart Pratt was well known in this town and county
as a highly successful merchant, he achieved a wider preeminence as
a breeder of Shorthorn cattle and Southdown sheep. Many of the
Shorthorn herds in the South and West descended from foundation
stock bred by Mr. Pratt. In the early nineties he shipped to Illinois
what was considered the finest Shorthorn cow that ever stood in that
state. He was able to get high prices for his fancy-bred stock, being
credited with selling one for $9000. He was also interested in horse
breeding and had owned many valuable animals. In 1884 Mr. Pratt
became interested in the Vermont Live Stock Company and served
as vice-president and later as president of the corporation. He be-
came a corporator of the Vermont Savings Bank in 1878 and served
on its board of investment until 1908.
Owing to his mercantile interests Mr. Pratt did not enlist at the
time of the Civil War, though he furnished a substitute and was
active in recruiting Company B, Sixteenth Vermont Volunteers. At
the close of the war Mr. Pratt was made quartermaster of the First
Vermont Regiment. Mr. Pratt was always a staunch Republican,
though he took no active part in politics. The only town office he
ever held was that of selectman in 1879. He was made the chairman
672 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of the board and it was under his direction that the roads and bridges
of the town were repaired and rebuilt after the great freshet of 1869.
From 1859 he lived in the house on Western Avenue in which he died
January 8, 1912. When Pratt, Wright & Company were succeeded
by O. D. Esterbrook in 1873, Mr. Pratt practically retired from the
mercantile field and devoted himself to his live-stock breeding opera-
tions.
Children:
Edmund R., born October 2, 1857; married November 27, 1886,
Harriet Brasor (Mile. Stella Brazzi), daughter of Egbert and Mar-
garet Holland Brasor. (See p. 992.)
Mary Alice, born November 23, 1859 ; married September 10, 1891,
Charles W. Dunham. They had one child, Stewart Pratt Dunham,
born October 6, 1900. She graduated from the Brattleboro High
School in 1877 and v/as for four years in Miss Stearns's Private
School, Amherst. She died July 28, 1912. Mr. Dunham was
born in North Paris, Maine, July 1, 1857, worked two years in the
general store of his father in West Paris and engaged in the flour
and grain business under the name C. W. Dunham Company,
before coming to Brattleboro in 1885 and engaging in the shoe
business. He was instrumental in inducing the development of the
water power at Vernon and was president of the Connecticut River
Power Company. He died April 5, 1910.
Walter Stewart, born July 25, 1870; married Alice Fisher, daugh-
ter of Charles F. Paige of Athol, Massachusetts.
At the expiration of the Pratt, Wheeler & Company partnership it
became evident that a radical change must ensue in the manner of con-
ducting their business, as the trade demanded that the different lines of
goods should be carried in greater variety and in separate stocks. In
1854 the dry goods and millinery departments were sold to Oscar J. Pratt,
who had previously, in 1850, established himself in a dry goods store of
his own. He then assumed the dry goods department, later giving up the
millinery, while the firm of D. S. Pratt & Company conducted a men's
custom and ready-made clothing business in the adjoining store on the
north; this firm was dissolved in 1860 and that of Pratt (D. S.), Wright
(Alfred H.) & Company was formed. In 1873 Mr. Pratt sold out to
Oscar D. Esterbrook, but the firm name was retained. He continued in
the general clothing trade until 1889, when the firm name disappeared
owing to his death in March of that year, he having been for a number
of years sole proprietor.
Oscar James Pratt was born October 22, 1828. Early in his business
career he was associated with his older brothers, Lucius Pratt and
OSCAR JAMES PRATT 673
Daniel Stewart Pratt, and saw the numerous changes of their firm
and in the hues of business which they conducted.
In 1848 he went to Worcester, Massachusetts, to learn the dry-
goods business in the store of H. B. Claflin and remained there two
years. On his return he established himself, in 1850, in the O. J.
Pratt store on Alain Street, where he kept the conservative and
substantial dry goods store of the town, never lowering his high
standards of quality to suit the moods of changing fashion.
When O. J. Pratt started in business alone his store was twenty-
five feet square with a driveway in the rear. In the late fifties Mr.
Pratt made an addition by building on to the rear part, and in 1869,
O. J. Pratt having bought the north part of the real estate of his
brother, D. S. Pratt, the entire building was enlarged and rebuilt.
George S. Pratt, the son who survived him, was for many years a
bookkeeper in his father's store and had the active management of the
business. The various stores with which the Pratts were connected
were located where Goodnow, Pearson & Hunt are now in business.
He married, first, December 25, 1854, Miss Sarah S. Woodcock
of Brattleboro. She was an active member of the Unitarian Church.
She died August 22, 1883. He married, second, July 29, 1886, Alice
May, daughter of Charles and Mary E. (Woodcock) Brownell, of
Colerain, Massachusetts.
Children by first marriage:
George S., born February 14, 1857; married July 20, 1882, Miss
Mary C. Cooke.
Arthur J., born July 7, 1863 ; married November 27, 1884, Katharine,
daughter of Samuel B. Houghton ; died January 4, 1891, aged
twenty-seven years six months. From the time of his graduation
from the High School he was clerk in his father's store. She
married, second, William Gray. She died at Pittsfield, Maine,
July 12, 1920.
Oscar D. Esterbrook, son of Daniel S. Esterbrook, was born in West
Brattleboro April 20, 1833, and died here March 8, 1899. The family
moved to the East Village when he was fifteen years of age; a year later
he became a clerk in Deacon Dwinell's store.
Oscar D. Esterbrook was with Pratt, Wheeler & Company and with
the successive partnership, becoming partner of Pratt, Wright & Com-
pany. When E. R. Pratt succeeded to the interest of A. H. Wright, Mr.
Esterbrook became sole owner of the store.
In company with his brother-in-law, Azor Marshall, he built the Mar-
shall and Esterbrook building near the bridge. He was one of the original
incorporators and trustees of the Brattleboro Savings Bank.
674 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
June 15, 1876, he married Ella C, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ebenezer
P. Wetherell of Chesterfield, born October 4, 1845, who married, first,
December 28, 1870, Frederick Shumway. Mrs. Wetherell was Laura,
daughter of Captain Reuben and Mary Wetherbee Marsh ; she was born
August 20, 1817, and died in 1897.
Children :
Edith, graduated from Smith College in 1898.
Waite Family — Silas M. Waite
Silas M. Waite was the son of Thomas F. Waite born June 17, 1797,
died July 2, 1846, and Evelina Sophia Waite, who was born June 30,
1800, and died November 20, 1878. He was born in Fayetteville in 1825.
About 1835 the Waite family' moved to Brattleboro and here, with the
exception of a short time in his teens as messenger in a Springfield bank,
his life was spent. Leaving that bank he began life as stage agent in
this place, a position he efficiently filled some years. A man of a remark-
able grasp of business affairs, of wide general information and of unusual
facility in all mathematical operations, he was also a man of great public
spirit, whose services in connection with every movement for the advance-
ment of the town's life gave him a position of influence and leadership
which he held for more than thirty years.
An exceptional quickness of sympathy and loyalty to friends won for
him also a strong personal following.
Mr. Waite married April 2, 1850, Miss Sophia L. Eager of Newfane.
In 1857 he became cashier of the Windham County National Bank.
In 1857 gas was introduced and he was the organizer and president
of The Brattleboro Gas Company; manager of the Elliot Street carriage
works and owner of the Hinsdale bridge.
Having worked with energy and enthusiasm for the common good, in
September, 1864, he was elected town representative by the largest vote
ever cast. From 1865 Mr. Waite was engaged in the manufacture of
melodeons as member of the firm J. Estey & Company, later of R. Burdett
& Company, and as president of the Brattleboro Melodeon Company. He
rebuilt the Connecticut River bridge in 1870, and with D. L. Harris of
Springfield reorganized the Vermont Valley Railroad in 1871 and for a
year was sole manager.
April 22, 1870, "a large number of citizens called at the residence of
S. M. Waite accompanied by the Brattleboro Band for the purpose of
showing their appreciation of his efforts in forwarding enterprises for
the promotion of the prosperity and welfare of the village, and especially
OLD FOUNTAIN ENGINE
FROST MANSION
BRATTLEBORO MELODEON CO.
BRIDGE OVER LITTLE RIVER
MAIN STREET
'^ V
THE BURDETT-ESTEY ORGAN CASE 675
for his energy and perseverance in completing the Connecticut River
bridge in the face of serious difficulties. They carried with them presents
contributed by one hundred individuals, which were presented to Mr.
Waite in behalf of the donors by Colonel Charles A. Miles. "^
In 1873-1874 there was an S. M. Waite Hose Company whose cart
Number 1 was named "Waite." He was chief engineer of the Fire De-
partment from 1873. He was first bailiff in 1874. In that year he engaged
in raising poultry on a very large scale on the Island. He was chairman
of the board of bailififs, chairman of the school board and public library
committee for many years, and chairman of the board of trustees of the
Congregational Society. He built the road along the western base of
Wantastiquet in 1875, and in 1878 rebuilt the toll bridge and made it free.
Among his public improvements were the building of the arch over Whet-
stone Brook, the Putney culvert, etc., which have stood so firmly the test
of time.
Mr. Waite's public career terminated with the failure of his bank in
1881, under circumstances which need not be considered here. In 1886
the Waite family removed to Omaha, Nebraska, where he died March 11,
1895.
Children :
William Eager, married Miss Amelia Morris ; died September 1, 1914,
aged sixty. Children : Evelyn Morris ; Mildred E. ; Arthur W.
Frank W., died November 25, 1880, aged twenty-three.
Louise S.
Alice Vinton.
BuRDETT-EsTEY Organ Case. Long-standing litigation attended the
Burdett-Estey Organ Case, which was made even more notable by such
distinguished counsel as Honorable E. J. Phelps for Mr. Waite and
Honorable William M. Evarts for Mr. Estey.
Litigation was begun in 1871. The suit grew out of the alleged in-
fringement of a reed board patent granted Riley Burdett who, with Mr.
Waite, had been partners of Jacob Estey. The litigation was long de-
layed, owing to the illness of Judge Smalley of Vermont and the death
of Circuit Judges Woodrufif and Johnson. The case was first argued
before Judge Johnson of New York in March, 1876, but he had not
decided it at the time of his death nearly two years later. Judge Blatch-
ford and Judge Wheeler heard the case in May and June, 1878, sitting in
New York, the arguments occupying a week.
It was decided by them substantially in Burdett's favor the next No-
1 The Vermont Phccnix.
676 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
vember, and ex-Governor Stewart of Vermont was appointed a special
master to take an accounting of the profits due the plaintiffs. These
profits were found by the master to amount with interest to about
$161,000, for which a decree was entered April 6, 1880. Estey & Com-
pany promptly took an appeal, furnishing the required bond for $300,000.
When the case was finally argued before the United States Supreme
Court in November, 1883, the previous decision was revoked in favor of
the Estey Organ Company.
The Vernon Cannon
The Vernon cannon was a twenty-four cylinder revolver invented by
Cyrus Dodge of Vernon. The proprietors were Colonel F. J. Burrows
of Vernon, Colonel George B. Kellogg and Colonel Silas M. Waite of
Brattleboro. It was cast by Cyrus Alger of Boston and made at the
machine shop of George Newman & Son of Brattleboro, under the super-
vision qf Jacob Marsh, and put together at Vernon in 1859.
It was tested by a committee of investigation (sent by Congress under
the direction of Jefferson Davis, chairman of the Military Committee of
the Senate of the United States, and Governor Floyd, Secretary of War),
consisting of Major Thornton, Captain Manerdin and Lieutenant Balch.
It cost $6000, and weighed over twenty tons.
Frederick A. Nash was born in Ballston Springs, New York. He prac-
ticed law in Akron, Ohio, and during the Civil War was provost marshal
at Cleveland. He moved to Brattleboro from Akron about 1867, with his
family, consisting of his wife, who had been Mrs. Sarah Leavenworth
Watrous of Waterbury, Connecticut ; two stepchildren, John and Mary
Totten Watrous ; his son by a first marriage, Frederick Nash, and a daugh-
ter by the second wife, Sarah L., who married Reverend John A. Todd
of Tarrytown, New York.
Mary Totten Watrous was married in Brattleboro April 3, 1877, to
Reverend Anson R. Graves, born April 13, 1842, at Wells, Rutland
County, Vermont, missionary, bishop of Nebraska, and author of "The
Farmer's Boy who became a Bishop." Children : Frederick D. ; Gertrude ;
Margaret, married Reverend G. G. Bennett ; Eliot V. ; David W. ; Paul.
Mr. Nash had interests in a gold mine in Canada which proved un-
profitable, so that he entered into some activities in Brattleboro in the
capacity of assistant to S. M. Waite and was president of the North-
western Mutual Life Association and director of the Vermont National
Bank. In 1883 he removed to Waterbury, and died in JNIontreal July 23,
1886.
CHARLES C. WAITE 677
Charles C. Waite
Charles C. Waite was born in Newfane in June, 1830, but his boyhood
was spent in this village. At sixteen, having been for two years a clerk
in the post office under Frederick N. Palmer, he went to Springfield as
telegraph operator and became one of the most expert in the country.
Subsequently he was conductor on the Hartford & New Haven Railroad.
He married Julia, adopted daughter of Elihu Burritt, and lived in New
Haven, engaged as secretary in the City Fire Insurance Company of
Hartford. About the time of the opening of the Civil War he went to
Chicago and for a number of years was chief manager of the Sherman
House — his partners being D. A. Gage and John Rice — winning distinc-
tion as the proprietor by his executive abilities and agreeable personal
traits. Ambitious of a larger field, he returned to the East about 1866,
bought a large interest in the Brevoort House, Fifth Avenue and Eighth
Street, New York City, and maintained a quiet and elegant Jiotel with the
general characteristics of an English hotel which gave it a fine reputation
among European travelers. He was more successful than any man in the
country in making a hotel homelike and comfortable. Many diplomatists
made the Brevoort headquarters, as did the generals of the Civil War,
and some of the presidents of railroads, our larger capitalists and men
famous in art and literature. A few years before his death, February
2, 1880, he became a member of the firm which conducted the Windsor
Hotel.
He left a widow and five children : Charles Burritt W'aite, married
October 18, 1876, Lizzie Noble, daughter of Mrs. Harmon Noble of Essex
County, New York; William Henry; Albert; Julia, lost on the Ville de
Havre; Minnie L., died March 6, 1887.
Other children of Thomas F. and Evelina S. Waite were :
Lucretia, born December 28, 1823 ; died January 16, 1897.
Alfred F., born in Wardsboro December 27, 1827 ; married November
27, 1865, Martha S., daughter of Martin and Clarina Grout of Mon-
tague, Massachusetts ; bought the farm known as the "Waite Farm"
on the Putney Road in 1863 ; he died May 16, 1896 ; she died March
14,1916. Children:
Fred M., born January 1, 1860; married June 6, 1883, Miss Anna F.
Houghton; died August 23, 1901. Children: Florence, married,
second, Houghton Seaverns ; John Alfred, born December 21,
1885, married June 28, 1907, Miss Ellen S. Marcy ; Louise A.
Harriet G., married February 26, 1890, Horatio Knight of Dummers-
ton. Children : William W. ; Ruth.
Elizabeth S., born June 8, 1837 ; died September 15, 1881.
078 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Frances S., married, 1865, E. Bliss Vinton of Springfield, Massachu-
setts; died February 22, 1869.
Henry, of Cleveland, Ohio.
Bethuel Ranger
Bethuel Ranger was born in Colerain, Massachusetts, October 8, 1822,
the youngest of nine children of Bethuel and Elizabeth Peck Ranger.
His parents moved to Monroe, Michigan, in 1831, living there five
years. In 1836 Mr. Ranger came to Brattleboro to learn the jeweler's
trade with Deacon D. B. Thompson and took such an interest in his work
that on Deacon Thompson's death, in 1876, he became head of the firm,
and Henry H. Thompson succeeded to his father's interest. The firm of
Thompson & Ranger was dissolved in January, 1896.
Mr. Ranger married June 26, 1851, Abby S., daughter of Austin and
Charlotte Knowlton Wheeler. She was born in Broome, Province of
Quebec, September 23, 1827. They lived on Elliot and Green Streets, and
then for forty years on Williston Street. Mr. Ranger died January 14,
1895. Mrs. Ranger died in West Brattleboro January 8, 1916, aged eighty-
eight. She was an intellectual woman and retained her faculties in old
age to a remarkable degree; she had some knowledge of languages and of
painting and was a reader of extended tastes. She was also a woman
of high principle. She was a member of St. Michael's Episcopal Church.
Mrs. Sarah G. Smiley (Mrs. John B.), who died November 1, 1872,
aged fifty-six, leaving a son, James F. Smiley, and Mrs. Arabella N. Smith
(Mrs. Calvin), who died December 17, 1872, Mr. Ranger's sisters, lived
in Brattleboro. Another sister, Miss Ellen S. Ranger, died December
20,1872. . -
James F. Smiley was in the real estate business in Toledo, removed to
Chicago, where he died in .1911.
Charles F. Thompson
Charles F. Thompson was born in Seymour, Connecticut, December 8,
1830, and was one of four children of Reverend Charles and Hannah
(Miner) Thompson. His father was a leading Congregational minister
of his time and from 1833 to his death in 1885 was pastor of the church
at Salem, Connecticut.
Mr. Thompson came to Brattleboro April 1, 1846, to be clerk in Willis-
ton & Tyler's hardware store, the firm being Nathan B. Williston and
Ferdinand Tyler, in 1853 Tyler & Thompson and afterwards C. F.
Thompson & Company. The latter firm failed in 1879, but, in company
CHARLES F. THOMPSON
SAMUEL DUTTON
JOHN W. FROST
EDWARD CROSBY
CHABLES C. FPOST
t
'Y
GEORGli E. CROWIiLL
HEURY D. HOLTON
CHARLES F. THOMPSON 679
with Captain S. E. Howard^ of Jamaica and from 1885 with Frank D.
Fisk, Mr. Thompson continued the business until 1893.
During the years of his active interest in the hardware trade, Mr.
Thompson was associated in other enterprises. He was one of a com-
pany of men who built the Centerville factory, and manufactured there
furniture of a high grade, under the name of the Brattleboro Furniture
Company. Subsequently he was a member of the Brattleboro Knitting
Machine Company, which made knitting machines in the same factory.
Still later he had an interest in the Brattleboro Tool Company, which
made skates, planes and bits in the Carpenter Organ Company's building.
He married Elizabeth Cune, daughter of Charles Cune of Brattleboro,
May 15, 1855. For eight years they lived with her mother, Mrs. Elizabeth
Sikes Cune, in the Sikes homestead, where Mrs. Thompson was born. In
1863 Mr. Thompson bought the Judge Whitney place on Main Street,
and five years later moved the old house and built the commodious new
house which was sold in 1885 to George S. Dowley,— the Thompson
family returning to the Sikes house where they continued to live until
the government appropriated the site for a Federal Building.
He was an early friend, promoter and finally president of the Brat-
tleboro & Whitehall Railroad, and treasurer of the Brattleboro Gaslight
Company. A man of public spirit and tireless energy, although of deli-
cate physique, he entered into a variety of the town's activities with enthu-
siasm and efficiency. He was one of three workers who transformed a
barren plain of sand in the north part of the village into what is now the
village Common, and raised between $600 and $700 in 1856 for laying out
and fencing the Common, which was originally enclosed with a fence of
low posts and rails, three rails to each section. This fence gradually fell
into decay. He and a young friend, Augustus Shepherd of New York,
set out the row of elm trees that have made the beauty of Oak Street.
He was for forty-one years, from 1865, on the Board of Deacons of
the Centre Congregational Church ; treasurer of church benevolence,
superintendent of the Sunday school and teacher from 1856 to 1877,
active in every work of the church for over fifty years, director of the Mis-
sionary Society and corporate member of the American Board of Com-
missioners for Foreign Missions from 1869, and added thousands of
dollars to their treasuries by his personal efforts.
He was a ready speaker and writer and was the means of converting
the sentiments of the people, through these gifts, into important public
movements. His heart was, however, centered in the religious life of the
1 From 1880 Captain Howard, of the Eighth Vermont Infantry, was of Stoddard
& Howard Cattle Company, Wyoming; member Massachusetts Legislature, 1896;
married Miss Helen Marsh. Children: Pauline; Marjorie, died.
680 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
community. No layman of the Centre Church was as constant as he in
attendance upon its services, or contributed more to her influence, by his
fervent personal appeals and by his interest in the well-being of each
member of the church. He died May 11, 1906. Mrs. Thompson died
in July, 1917.
Children:
Helen E., graduated from Vassar College in 1878, and gave the salu-
tatory oration. She was for many years head of Burnham House, in
the Burnham Classical School, and later established a girls' school in
Northampton, of which she is principal.
Mary F., born January 13, 1862 ; died September 22, 1889. She grad-
uated from Smith College in 1883, taught two years at Stamford,
Connecticut, and at Northampton, Massachusetts, four years.
Frederick M., born October 31, 1866; graduated from Amherst College,
1887; died November 26, 1887.
Charles H., born February 11, 1870 ; married June 9, 1896, Ruth H.,
daughter of Charles D. and Lelia (Fletcher) Noyes. A daughter,
Lelia.
Until her removal to Northampton in 1917, Mrs. C. H. Thompson, ever
active and influential in her home church in Brattleboro, was treasurer
of the Vermont Branch of the Woman's Home Missionary Union, per-
forming the duties of her office with a care, judgment and infinite tact
that won her the place of friend and adviser of auxiliaries throughout Ver-
mont.
Reverend James Herrick
The Herrick family is believed to have descended from Ericke, a Danish
chief, who came to Britain about the year 911. Henry, the son of Sir
William, the first of the family who came to this country, settled in Salem
in June, 1629. Joseph, youngest son of Henry, came from Concord,
Massachusetts, to Vermont, lived awhile in Townshend, and finally settled
in Brattleboro; his son, Jonathan, the grandfather of Reverend James
Herrick, was born in 1743 ; Jonathan's son, Nathaniel, the father of James,
was born March 7, 1782 ; in 1806 he married Miss Lydia Eastman, and
lived for a time where A. W. Crouch lived later, near LeRay's ; from there
he went to Broome, Canada, where James was born March 19, 1814. On
his return from Canada he lived a year or two in a cottage northwest of
the Sargent place.
It was here that James began his schoolboy studies, at about the age
of five years, in the schoolhouse in the so-called Miller district. He earned
a prize of five cents, a "reward of merit," with which, and another five
REV. JAMES HERRICK 681
cents his sick mother put with it, he bought a copy of the New Testa-
ment, and this he kept and used always. From here his father moved
to a farm near the southeast corner of Newfane, where the mother of
James died when he was about ten years old. From this place the father
and children moved to a farm afterwards occupied by a half-brother of
James, in West Dummerston. ♦
It was from this farmer's home and life that James began to attend
school, at the age of eighteen or twenty years, during fall terms, at the
Brattleborough Academy, and taught district school in the winter to pay
his way in preparing for college.
He was often employed as assistant teacher in the Academy and some-
times took entire charge of the school. His religious life was one of
marked activity, devotion and fidelity. Having completed his preparations
for college, he went to Williams, where he graduated in 1841, and after
teaching a year went to Andover, where he graduated in 184.5. He was
ordained in Brattleboro October 10, married Miss Elizabeth H. Crosby
November 2, in the old Academy building where the church was then
worshiping and where he was ordained to go as missionary to India, and
embarked November 12, under the auspices of the American Board, for
Madura, Southern India, and there gave himself to mission work, teach-
ing, preaching or visiting villages, as duty required, till failing health
called for a season of rest. For this purpose he came on a visit to America
in 1864, whence, at the end of two years, he went back to India and there
remained till 1883. From that time his home was in West Brattleboro.
Mr. Herrick was the father of ten children, all of whom were born in
India, six of whom, with his wife, survived him; four died in India,
where they were buried.
He died December 1, 1891.
Children:
James Frederick Herrick, the oldest son, born in Madura, India, came
to this country with his parents in 1864, was left here for an education,
and with his sister Emily found a home in the family of Reverend H. B.
Blake of Belchertown, Massachusetts. He graduated from W^illiston
Seminary in 1871, from Williams College in 1875, and immediately began
newspaper work, and for three years was a member of the editorial staff
of The Rutland Herald, going from that paper to The Springfield Republi-
can, where he did faithful work for eight years. In 1886 he went to New
York as night agent of the New England Associated Press, was promoted
and did his most efficient work as manager of that organization. His
health suffered, and by advice of physicians he went abroad. Later he
entered the employ of The New York World, where he remained until
his final illness.
683 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Mr. Herrick was married in June, 1884, to Christine, daughter of Rev-
erend Doctor Edward P. Terhune and his wife, better known as "Marion
Harland," when Doctor Terhune was pastor of the First Church in
Springfield. Mrs. Herrick survived him with two sons.
He died February 10, 1893, in New York.
Other children of Reverend James Herrick:
William H., with Lord & Taylor, New York.
Doctor Joseph T., a practicing physician in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Reverend David Scudder, graduated from Williams College in 1884
and taught in India some years ; returned to enter LTnion Theological
Seminary, fitting himself for more missionary work; of Bangalore,
India.
Henry, died in Green River, Utah.
Mary E., born in Madura October 2, 1847 ; married June 11, 1868, John
H. Dunklee, who died in 1892. Children : Helen, married John M.
Phelan of Brooklyn; Laura M., matron of Mount Holyoke College;
Charles R. ; Harry W. F. of Ilion, New York.
Emily J., married June 1, 1882, Reverend George E. Martin.
Draper Family
George Draper was a merchant of Brattleboro, who, with his wife,
Lucy Barnard of Lancaster, New Hampshire, moved to New York about
1835.
Children:
Reverend George B. Draper was born in 1827, studied at Trinity School,
graduated at Columbia College, 1845, at the General Theological
Seminary, 1849. He was rector of St. Andrew's Church, New York,
1850-1876. He married November 25, 1850, Lucy Blake Goodhue,
daughter of Wells Goodhue, and had six children. He died Septem-
ber 24, 1876, aged fifty.
William H. Draper, M.D., was born October 14, 1833. He graduated
at Columbia College in 1851, and in 1855 at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons ; he continued his medical studies in London and Paris.
He was connected with the College of Physicians and Surgeons
twenty-nine years, becoming Clinical Professor of Diseases of the
Skin, Professor of Clinical Medicine and finally Professor Emeritus.
He was identified with the New York Hospital forty-one years, and
was consulting physician of St. Luke's, Presbyterian and RoosEvelt
Hospitals. He was president of the New York Academy of Medicine.
Doctor Draper had a cultivated musical taste and was a promoter
RESIDENCE OF FRANCIS GOODHDE
MAIN STREET
BEECHWOOD
RESIDENCE OF J. N. BALESTIER
MAPLEWOOD
BALESTIERS FARM
RESIDENCE OF
PELEG BAKROWS
DUTCH COTTAGE
R. ,G. HARDIE
PETTIS FARM
SUMMER RESIDENCE OF DORMAN B. EATON
FRANCIS GOODHUE, II 683
of musical institutions, a large stockholder and director of orchestral
organizations in New York.
He married, first, Elinor Kinnicut of Worcester. Children : Mar-
tha ; Doctor William K., who married Helen Hoffman. He married,
second, Ruth, daughter of Charles A. Dana, the editor of The New
York Sun, who died August 16, 1914, in her sixty-fifth year. Chil-
dren : Charles D. ; Dorothea ; Ruth ; Paul, a noted German lied singer.
Frank Ellis Draper, born in New York in October, 1836, grew up in
New York City and for a term of years was clerk in the store of
Brooks Brothers, well-known clothing dealers. He afterwards en-
tered business for himself in the firm of Brown, Draper & Company
(Joseph H. Brown and William H. Owen), importers and dealers in
tailors' furnishings.
He married September 17, 1863, Mary Goodhue, daughter of Wil-
liam P. Cune, who died May 11, 1879, aged thirty-seven.
Mr. Draper was an active supporter and treasurer of the Church
of the Holy Communion of New York City and of St. Michael's
Episcopal Church in Brattleboro, and was for many years one of its
vestrymen. Among many memorial gifts to the church have been
the lectern given by him in memory of his wife, the corona and brass
altar rail in memory of her sister, Julia Cune Bartlett. He possessed
a peculiarly genial and gentle nature. He was a gentleman, in the
finest sense of the word — cultured, modest, faithful and true. He
died December 8, 1896, aged sixty-one. Children:
Julia, married December 6, 1894, I. Chauncey McKeever of New
York. Children: Edith, married Boughton Cobb; Marianne;
Frances.
Francis Goodhue, II
Francis Goodhue was born at the old Arms farm August 28, 1822, one
of the five children of Colonel Joseph and Sarah Edwards Goodhue.
He was a pupil of the old Academy and upon leaving school entered the
employ of John R. Blake & Company, where he worked as a clerk for
seven years, and after leaving that concern was with the firm Cune &
Goodhue. This store was where F. W. Kuech was afterwards located.
He later entered into partnership with John W. Frost and for thirty-five
years was engaged in the grocery business on the site occupied by the
Brooks House Pharmacy. A broken leg prevented him from enlisting in
the service, but he was active as a recruiting officer and was commissary
of the military hospital during the latter part of the Civil War. The fire
r
684 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of 1869 destroyed his store, and he was out of active business from 1869
until 1875.
It was upon the urgent solicitation of his brother-in-law, George J.
Brooks, who had built a hotel for his native town, that Mr. Goodhue
assumed the management of the Brooks House in 1875, which he con-
tinued for thirteen years. Under his judicious direction and by his per-
sonal associations, many former residents and a constant stream of travel-
ers en route to and from the White jMountains and Canada were brought
to Brattleboro. Finding here a hotel among the best in New England,
they returned annually for some part of the year. It became a favorite
winter resort for elderly people and families wishing to lead a quiet life
in a northern climate ; and not a few remained in permanent residence,
notably the family of William Menzies of New York, 1887-1896 ; James
Menzies, Mrs. Menzies-Miller and her son Clarence; Mr. and Mrs. Isaac
H. Williamson of New Jersey with their children, Lelia, who married
January 29, 1896, Edward A. Tyler, manager of the house, Benjamin,
May and Martha. William O. Chapin, Colonel Austine and others native-
born passed their last years here. Mr. Goodhue was a director of the
Vermont & Massachusetts Railroad from 1865.
Mr. Goodhue received the title of colonel by appointment upon the staff
of Governor Frederick Holbrook. He was a member of the Lafayette
Light Infantry of Brattleboro and for over twenty years was a member
of the old volunteer fire department of this village, and was first assistant
engineer under Silas Waite. In politics he was originally a stalwart Whig
and upon the formation of the Republican party became identified with it,
although he never took an active part in politics. In his prime Mr. Good-
hue was a handsome man and had a tall, well-proportioned figure. In-
heriting a position of influence, his opinions — always independent and
fearlessly expressed — were made acceptable to majorities by his social
instincts and keen wit, and were felt in various interests of the community's
life.
Mr. Goodhue married October 26, 1847, Mary E. Brooks, daughter of
Captain William S. and Eleanor (Forman) Brooks. She died August 4,
1901. He died February 8, 1910.
Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Goodhue, four of whom died
in infancy. The two surviving are :
Ellen B., who married September 26, 1878, Henry Van Kleeck, a law-
yer of New York and in Denver, Colorado, of the Van Kleeck-Bacon
Investment Company. He was born January 3, 1851 ; graduated
from the College of the City of New York in 1872, and from the
Colorado Law School in 1876. Henry Van Kleeck has made a gift
to the Nation of ten acres of historic ruins in southern Colorado,
w^ .<
fT'^
FRAWCIS GOODHUE 11
GEORGE J. BROOKS
BROOGHTON D. HARRIS
'=^f:C//^c^
FRANCIS W. BROOKS
DOCTOR GEORGE P. GAIE
^UVn^c^^^^CU c^:.
NORMAN F. CABOT
HON. BROUGHTON D. HARRIS 685
consisting of the remains of structures once forming an extensive
village inhabited by prehistoric people, and called The Yucca House
National Monument.
Francis Goodhue, Junior, born December 3, 1867 ; was a student of the
Brattleboro High School, 1883; St. Mark's, Southboro, Massachu-
setts, 1884-1886; Institute of Technology, Boston, 1887-1889; mar-
ried June 15, 1893, Elizabeth W. Cope Evans, daughter of John
Wistar and Eleanor J. Stokes Evans of Germantown, Pennsylvania.
Children: Mary Brooks; Francis, III; Wistar Evans; Elizabeth;
Margaret.
He has been a manufacturer of lumber in North Carolina, Virginia and
Tennessee; and of plumbing specialties; is president of Sanitary Special-
ties Company; president of Building Loan Association and vice-president
of the Germantown and Chestnut Hill Improvement Association ; director
of Robert Morris Trust Company.
He has been active in political reform in Pennsylvania ; treasurer of the
Reform Party of Germantown ; on the Supreme Council of Boy Scouts
in Philadelphia ; scoutmaster Troop 133.
Honorable Broughton D. Harris
Honorable Broughton D. Harris was one of the four sons of Wilder
and Harriet Davis Harris. The first Harris ancestor in this country was
Arthur Harris of Duxbury, Massachusetts, who came in the seventeenth
century from England. Abner Harris, the great-grandfather of Brough-
ton D. Harris, moved to Chesterfield from Woodstock, Connecticut, in
1777. Wilder Harris, his grandson, was an enterprising and respected
farmer of Chesterfield. After the sale of his farm in that town, he moved
to this village and his later years were spent in the leisure of a good old
age. He married, second, Mrs. Mary J. Walker of Springfield, July 21,
1871. He died March 30, 1887, aged ninety.
Broughton D. Harris was born in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, Au-
gust 16, 1833 ; he prepared for college at the Chesterfield Academy and at
Kimball Union Academy at Meriden, New Hampshire ; entered Dart-
mouth College in ISil and graduated with honors in 1845. The class was
one of distinguished ability, and nearly all of its members have been men
of prominence, either in the professions, in politics, in business or military
affairs.
Immediately after his graduation Mr. Harris began the study of law in
the office of Judge Asa Keyes of Brattleboro and subsequently continued
it in that of Edward Kirkland. Esquire. While pursuing his law studies
he acted as editor of The Vermont Phcenix for twelve months. In August,
686 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
1847, Mr. Harris and William B. Hale began the publication of The Semi-
zveekly Eagle. Mr. Harris's connection with the paper continued until he
went to Utah in 1851. On returning from that territory Mr. Harris con-
tinued its publication until 1855, when it was united with The Vermont
Statesman.
In the fall of 1850, on the unsolicited recommendations of Senators
Collamer and Foote, he was honored by President Fillmore with appoint-
ment as first secretary of the Territory of Utah. In March, 1851, Mr.
Harris and his wife, then a bride, started on their long, tedious and perilous
journey across the plains. There was no white settlement west of the
Missouri River, and the journey from that point to the Great Salt Lake
occupied sixty-five days, through a country inhabited by numerous tribes
of Indians.
Brigham Young was the first governor of the territory. The sentiments
and aims of the two appointees were wholly incongruous and antagonistic.
The faithful manner in which Air. Harris discharged his duties soon
brought him into collision with Brigham Young. In the opinion of Mr.
Harris the territorial government, as organized by the governor and his
associates, was not in harmony with the enabling act of Congress; indeed,
they ostentatiously disregarded the plain provisions of that act. He
therefore refused to disburse the money lodged in his hands by the United
States government for the benefit of the territory, and in a letter assigned
unanswerable reasons for his refusal. The Mormon Legislature passed a
series of resolutions requiring him to deliver to the Mormon United
States marshal of Utah the public money in his possession, and threatened
him with arrest and imprisonment in case he refused to comply.
Under angry threats of personal violence and even of assassination, he
returned to Washington and promptly restored to the United States treas-
ury every dollar of the appropriation. The administration fully approved
of his action. Two federal judges who had been appointed to office in
Utah returned to Washington with Mr. Harris. The three presented a
formal report to the President, setting forth the reasons for their return
and the condition of affairs in the territory.
Soon after this Mr. Harris was appointed secretary and acting governor
of New Mexico, but he declined to accept these positions.
Mr. Harris was always deeply interested in state affairs, although
actively engaged in business. In 1847-1848 he was register of probate.
He was elected to the State Senate in 1860 and served on the committee
on railroads. He was reelected in 1861 and was chairman of the impor-
tant committee on military affairs at a time when nearly all of the ses-
sional legislation related to matters of a warlike nature. The members
of this senate were probably the ablest body of legislators ever assembled
HON. BROUGHTON D. HARRIS 687
in Vermont. Among Mr. Harris's associates were such men as George F.
Edmunds, Paul Dillmgham, Asahel Peck, John W. Stewart, C. W. Wil-
lard, F. E. Woodbridge and Thomas E. Powers. He was assistant quar-
termaster in the Regular Army in 1862.
Governor Fairbanks appointed Mr. Harris to serve with ex-Governor
Hiland Hall, General H. H. Baxter, L. E. Chittenden and Levi Under-
wood in the Peace Congress which assembled in Washington, on invitation
from the State of Virginia, just before the outbreak of the Civil War.
Mr. Harris was for years engaged in the construction of railroads, and
in this work made a fortune, being the senior member of the firm of
Harris Brothers & Company. The list of railroads constructed in whole
or in part by this firm includes the Wisconsin Central in Wisconsin ; part
of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy in central Illinois ; the Buffalo &
Suspension Bridge, New York; part of the Buffalo, New York & Phila-
delphia ; the Chenango & Alleghany, Pennsylvania ; the Brattleboro &
Whitehall narrow gauge railroad ; the St. Louis, Jerseyville & Springfield,
Illinois ; and the Pittsburgh, McKeesport & Youghiogheny, Pennsylvania.
Mr. Harris was a man of mental strength and his keenness and inde-
pendence of thought and conviction were expressed in clean-cut, incisive
English. His native ability and this inborn habit of mind and character
made him the recognized companion, intellectually and socially, of the
men who gave Vermont her fame in the eventful days after 1860. With
both Senator Morrill and Senator Edmunds he enjoyed intimate personal
friendship. He came to his young manhood when aggressive political con-
troversy was in its palmiest days, and the columns of The Phoenix and
The Eagle of that time prove how trenchant was his pen and how easily
he was equal to the situation. In the local discussions and controversies
of later years he was a contributor with equal force and incisiveness. In
a company of his peers few men were so quick of wit, so brilliant in
repartee, or possessed such a ready fund of information or of apt and
amusing anecdote with which to illustrate a point or enforce an argvmient.
His erect, well-knit frame and personal bearing admirably complemented
his intellectual force.
After retiring from business activity Mr. Harris lived quietly at his
home in Brattleboro, he and Mrs. Harris often spending the winters in the
South. He maintained a lively interest in all community affairs, and his
main business activity was in connection with the affairs of the Brattle-
boro Savings Bank. Of this bank he was an original incorporator, was
always a member of the board of trustees and for a long term of years a
member of the board of investment. He was president of the bank from
1881 until his death. He was an attendant at the Congregational Church,
gave liberally for the support of that church, and was wise and generous
688 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
in the support of every public enterprise that commended itself to his
judgment and sympathy.
Mr. Harris married March 2-i, 1851, Sarah Buell HoUister, daughter of
Edwin M. and Gracia (Buell) Hollister, who moved from Windham,
Connecticut, to Brattleboro in 1839 and were residents until 1853. Their
daughter, Mary Buell, married September 15, 1880, John Seymour Wood
of New York, a lawyer, grandson of Deacon David Wood, author of
"Gramercy Park," and other novels. George F. and Cordis D. Harris of
Keene were brothers associated with Mr. Harris in railroad building. Mr.
Harris died in 1899.
Mr. Harris's property remains intact for the use of his daughter during
her lifetime, with the following eventual bequests : $5000 to the Home
for the Aged and Disabled; $2500 to the Vermont Missionary Associa-
tion, the income to be expended in this state; $2500 to the Associated
Charities of Brattleboro.
From Brattleboro the family of Edwin M. Hollister went to Brooklyn,
New York, in 1853. He died in New York March 25, 1870, aged seventy.
Mrs. Hollister died March 7, 1888, aged eighty-five.
Mrs. Harris retained her home for several years after the death of Mr.
Harris, dividing her time subsequently between New York City, the
home of her brothers and sisters, and the South. Her personal attrac-
tions, social gifts and affectionate relations with the people of Brattleboro
were a contribution to the sphere in which she moved. She published an
account of the journey with her husband to Utah in a small volume en-
titled "Deseret, an Unwritten Chapter of Salt Lake in 1851." She died
in New York January 7, 1908.
Other children of Edwin M. Hollister :
George Hollister of Rutherford, New Jersey, married in 1860, Miss
Phoebe M. Conklin; died November 19, 1917, aged eighty-five.
Henry H. Hollister of New York, of HolHster & Babcock of the Stock
Exchange; was treasurer of the National Horse Show Association.
He married Miss Louise Howell ; married, second, Annie W., daughter
of John Hubbard Stephenson, who died July 6, 1918. He died in
1904. Children : Louise, Henry H., Buell.
Helen, married Effingham Maynard of New York; died January 25,
1916. Children : Mary H., Helen, Louise, Walter E.
Mary, married Walter A. Pease of New York, son of Albert Pease of
Troy, New York. He was one of the first members of the Produce
Exchange and later of the New York Stock Exchange ; he served as
member of the Seventh Regiment, Company H, through three of the
most critical campaigns of the Civil War. Children: W. Albert,
Henry Hollister.
HON. RANSLURE W. CLARKE 689
As long as Mrs. Harris kept the home in Brattleboro the different mem-
bers of the HolHster family were frequent guests and friends of the towns-
people.
From another branch of the Harris family resident in Brattleboro have
been the children of Erastus and Mary (Stone) Harris of Chesterfield:
Frederick H. Harris, born January 26, 1836, went to California in 1853,
remaining three years. He married October, 1858, Miss Abbie A. M.
Daggett of Westmoreland, New Hampshire. He came to Brattleboro
in 1860 as a builder and contractor, and was at one time with his
brother Frank W. of the firm of Harris Brothers, railroad contrac-
tors. He died November 27, 1890, aged sixty-seven years ten months.
His son, Charles A. Harris, married October 29, 1881, Lizzie, daugh-
ter of T. B. Morris, is treasurer of the Brattleboro Savings Bank.
Children: Fred H., Dartmouth, 1911; Mildred, who died; Evelyn.
Frank W., born April 31, 1828, married January 1, I860, Jane A.,
daughter of Reverend and Mrs. Otto Warren, born in Williamsville
April 21, 1837. Immediately after their marriage they came to Brat-
tleboro. He died May 13, 1876, aged forty-eight. She went to
Boston to live in 1883 and died there in July, 1900. Their daughter,
Emily Warren, married September 6, 1898, Henry Tilton Coe. A
son, Harvey W. Harris, died in Denver in 1882, aged twenty-nine.
Ellen A., born August 13, 1830 ; married September, 1850, Charles E.,
son of Willard H. Alexander.
HONOR.^BLE RaNSLURE W. Cl.'\RKE
Ranslure W. Clarke, son of Flam and Cynthia Clarke, was born at Wil-
liamstown, Vermont, in 1816. His studies preparatory to entering college
were pursued at Black River Academy, at Ludlow, \^ermont, and at Ran-
dolph Academy, Vermont. He entered Dartmouth College in 1838 and
graduated in 18-15, after which he became principal of Black River Acad-
emy for three years. In the meantime he read law with Governor P. T.
Washburn, completing his law studies in the office of J. Dorr Bradley
of Brattleboro, and was admitted to the bar at the September term
of Windham County Court, 1846, and afterwards practiced his pro-
fession in Brattleboro. He held the office of state's attorney in 1851-1853
and 1854; was state senator in 1858-1859 ; was a member of the Constitu-
tional Convention in 1858 ; was register of probate for the district of
Marlboro in 1861-1862, when he resigned that office, and in June, 1863,
was appointed assistant quartermaster of United States Volunteers, and
remained in the United States military service till October, 1865. His
official ranks in military service were those of captain, major and colonel.
690 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He purchased over four thousand horses for the cavalry and artillery
service. He was one of the presidential electors of Vermont in 1868.
In 1867 he formed a law partnership with Kittredge Haskins, which
continued until in 1870 he was appointed postmaster, which office he held
from January, 1871, to January, 1879. He was for several years president
of the Brattleboro Savings Bank. For more than twenty-five years he held
the offices of United States commissioner and master in chancery. In
1883 he was elected assistant judge of Windham County Court.
May 9, 1849, Mr. Clarke married Lucy C, daughter of Judge John
Wilder, of Weston, Vermont. She died August 9, 1864:, and in 1868 he
married Susan O. Wilder, a sister of his first wife; she died November 9,
1886, aged fifty-one.
He died January 27, 1899, at Hornell, New York.
Children :
By the first wife, Mary W., graduated from the Brattleboro High
School in 1874, from Vassar College in 1878, and was class proph-
etess ; was teacher at Miss Dana's School, Morristown, New Jersey ;
was also lady principal of the High School of New Brunswick, 1882-
1885, and teacher of English and history in the Gardner School, New
York City. She married October 9, 1890, Honorable Milo M. Acker,
a lawyer of Hornell, New York, who was Republican leader in the
lower branch of the New York Legislature.
By the second wife, Francis E.
Timothy Vinton
The death of the venerable Timothy Vinton, January 4, 1890, removed
not only a landmark in the business life of this community, but one who
occupied a unique place in other respects, especially in the history of Odd
Fellowship in this state, and who was, without doubt, the oldest paper
manufacturer in active business in this country. He began as a master
paper maker in 1828 and had been in business in Brattleboro since 1847 —
his period of business life in Brattleboro being longer than that of any
man of his time with a single exception, that of Mr. Bethuel Ranger, who
began in 1843.
Mr. Vinton was born in South Reading, Massachusetts, now Wakefield,
January 5, 1803. When two years old his parents moved to Shirley,
where he lived till he was twenty years of age. His education was such
as could be had in the common schools of that day, and one term in Groton
Academy. He had also been employed in a cotton factory and paper mill
up to this time, when he went to Framingham and gave two years to
TIMOTHY VINTON 691
perfecting his knowledge of paper making by hand. For several years
he worked at his trade in Leominster. In November, 1828, he was
married to Miss Caroline Woodcock, who bore him five children, three
sons and two daughters, of whom only one survived the father, William
H. Vinton, and it was in his home that the closing years of Mr. Vinton's
life were spent, the death of his wife having taken place April 17, 1878.
Soon after his marriage Mr. Vinton moved to Fitchburg, Massachusetts,
and there was engaged in the manufacture of paper with the late Alvah
Crocker, of wide repute in the trade, until 1843, when the mill was burned.
In 1845 he moved to Pepperell, Massachusetts, where he was engaged in
the same business for two years, when, in 1847, this mill was also burned.
He then removed to Brattleboro and in company with his brother-in-law,
Nathan Woodcock, became the owner of the paper mill in 1854, the firm
being Woodcock & Vinton. In this business he continued until his death,
maintaining a careful daily oversight of the main details, although the
general management had been for some years in the hands of his son,
William H. Vinton.
He became an Odd Fellow in 1845, being initiated into Groton Lodge,
Number 71, of Groton, Massachusetts. In this lodge he passed the chairs
of secretary, vice grand and noble grand, and on his removal to Brattle-
boro he withdrew therefrom to become a member of Wantastiquet Lodge,
Number 5. He was elected a member of the latter lodge February 28,
1848. The following June he was elected vice grand, and before the time
ended (October 9), the noble grand having been absent three meetings,
the lodge declared the chair vacant and elected Mr. Vinton to that office.
In January, 1849, he was elected one of the trustees, which ofifice he held
for many years. From that date until within two or three years of his
death, he constantly held some position in this lodge, as inside guardian,
warder, conductor, chaplain or secretary, always serving cheerfully and
with ability in all positions he was called upon to fill. As recording secre-
tary he served for twenty-five terms, and as permanent secretary nine
terms. The office of chaplain he held nearly or quite twenty-five terms,
or until about the year ISSS. He was also interested in other branches
of the order. He was one of the charter members of Oasis Encampment,
of which he was a past chief patriarch, and assisted in organizing, the
grand encampment of Vermont, and for several years was its grand
master. In 1870 he served as representative to the sovereign grand lodge.
In the dark days of the order in this state, Mr. Vinton did much by his
example and work to keep the order alive. In August, 1865, at the meet-
ing of the grand lodge, there were only five lodges in the state, and only
two of these were represented at this session, there being present seven
692 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
brothers. The other three lodges, being discouraged, had voted to sur-
render the charter of the grand lodge. Sevvall Morse, grand master, and
Timothy Vinton, two of the seven, said there must be no "surrender," and
became responsible for the assessment of the grand lodge, carried the
day and saved the order in Vermont.
As a citizen Mr. Vinton was a man of strong, determined convictions,
of honest and sincere purposes and of unblemished repute in all relations
of life. He seemed to have in him, in sympathy and interests, the fountain
of perennial youth, and his gracious and kindly personality, in later years,
was like a benediction to younger men as they met in business or in social
relations. He was a man of the strictest temperance principles, and an
earnest believer in and supporter of the Universalist faith. In middle life
he took an active interest in public affairs, and was a member, with John
W. Burnap, of the board of selectmen which laid out and built Elm Street
and the first Elm Street bridge, opening direct communication between
Elliot and Canal Streets. He was a lister for several years and served as
justice of the peace for a term of years.
Children :
Sarah E., died April 7, 1876, aged forty-six.
William H., married Emma Amelia Samuel, who died December 13,
1888, aged forty-eight. Their son, William Bartlett Vinton, was born
December 25, 1862. In 1883 he took a position in his father's paper
mill. He married May 19, 1891, Lillie E., daughter of Samuel W.
and Mary (Walker) Brown. He died September 30, 1918. Children :
Beatrice E., graduated at Mt. Ida College, Newton, Massachusetts ;
William Howard.
William F. Richardson
William F. Richardson was born in West Brattleboro in 1816, the eldest
of ten children of Isaiah and Betsey (Stearns) Richardson, and lived on
the home farm until April, 1841. He married April 20, 1840, Sophia R.,
daughter of John Plummer. He bought his grandmother's interest in the
old Stewart farm, where he lived six years, then moved to West Brattle-
boro, buying Edward Crosby's soap and candle business in Centerville ;
three years later he again moved, to the farm on the hill above the Carroll
place, which he afterwards exchanged for the fine farm in Guilford later
owned by Charles E. Alexander. In 1859 he bought Simond's meat mar-
ket in Blake Block, which he moved to Chapin's Block on the site of the
Brooks House. This was destroyed by fire in 1869 and he then moved to
the Leonard Block and finally bought Market Block.
He died January 14, 1897.
ISAAC N. THORN 693
Children :
Lucius H., born in 1845, following his father's business ; married March
16, 1868, Mary A., daughter of William H. Esterbrook. His son,
Charles W., married in November, 1897, Vinnie May, daughter of
Lucien A. Elmer. Children : Howard, Marion.
Lucy M., married O. O. Ware of Wilmington. Children : Ellen, mar-
ried James S. Smith ; Katherine S., married Herbert Boyden Newton
of Holyoke, Massachusetts.
Cassius M. C, born in 1855 ; married September 11, 1883, Leonora,
daughter of John Hunt. He died May 2, 1901. A daughter, Leonora.
Fred A., with Lucius in business ; married January 31, 1878, Miss Helen
J. Wilcutt. Children : Annie E., William H., Errol W.
Edwin B., born January 31, 1860; married October 4, 1887, Miss Clara
L. Pierce of Putney, who died in 1894. He died August 28, 1899.
Charles J., John H., Fred J., Henry L, Oscar W., were other sons of
Isaiah Richardson. In his young manhood Charles went to California,
where he was a successful gold hunter ; later he and Fred J. made money in
St. Louis, furnishing supplies to the government after the Civil War broke
out. He was president of the board of directors of the Princeton Library.
His wife, Victoria M. Richardson, died April 10, 1910, aged seventy-two.
He died in Princeton, Illinois, January, 1913, aged eighty-seven, leaving
two married daughters and one son.
Isaac N. Thorn
Isaac N. Thorn was born in Leyden, Massachusetts, March 1, 1823.
His great-grandfather, Isaac Thorn, was English, and came to this coun-
try during the old French and Indian War, settling in Westerly, Rhode
Island.
Henry, the father of Isaac Thorn, was a tanner and currier; he erected
a large building for his business, and also ran a sawmill and gristmill.
He got heavily in debt in the erection and alteration of his mills and was
urged by his friends to go into bankruptcy and cancel his obligations ; he
said no, he owed the money and would pay it if it took his lifetime. After
many years of struggle, he, with the aid of his sons, had the satisfaction
of paying every dollar he owed, principal and interest. He died March
4, 1885, aged eighty-eight years seven months.
I. N. Thorn had three or four years' experience as a clerk in country
stores in Illinois, and in Colerain, Massachusetts, prior to the summer of
1848, when he came to Brattleboro in the employment of Button &
Clark. The firm kept a general assortment of goods, but made drugs
and medicines a specialty. In this branch of the business Mr. Thorn
G94: ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
became greatly interested and applied himself to becoming a thorough drug-
gist. At the end of ten years' service he made a beginning for himself
in the old Fisk Block, where by his skill and reliability as a druggist and
by untiring industry he built up a large and profitable business. His trade
during the war was very large. When George E. Greene returned from
the army he became a partner in the firm of I. N. Thorn & Company, in
Crosby Block, and continued the business there until Mr. Greene's retire-
ment in 1878, when Mr. Thorn took his son, Edwin C, into partnership.
The firm of I. N. Thorn & Son did an extensive business until the fall of
1884, when, on account of Mr. Thorn's failing health, the business was
sold out to C. M. Colburn & Company.
On account of his retiring disposition he perhaps did not pass for all
that he was intellectually worth except with those who knew him well.
His natural abilities were of an excellent order, and he improved his mind
by extensive reading of newspapers, magazines and books, especially
biography and history. The number of books which he read during the
long years of his illness was very large. His interest in public men and
in the political affairs of the country was intense and was maintained
until near his death. At the presidential election in 1884 he was carried
to the polls to vote for Mr. Blaine, for whom he had a warm personal
admiration.
He had a strong will, won success by his almost resistless energy, was
impatient of opposition, but was withal a kind-hearted, honest man. His
first wife was a daughter of Cyrus C. Miner of Leyden, Angeline Miner,
who died March 27, 1856, aged twenty-four.
Mr. Thorn married, second, October 25, 1858, Miss Elizabeth A. Jack-
son of Newfane. He died January 12, 189-4.
Children:
Isaac B., formerly a druggist here; at one time assistant apothecary on
the United States war steamer Franklin. He married June 3, 1878,
Emma G., daughter of Edwin F. Brooks.
Henry C, of Flint, Michigan.
Edwin C, married Miss Carrie Horton. Children:
Dr. Edwin C, born December 29, 1875 ; graduated Brattleboro High
School, 1893, Baltimore Medical College, 1897; married Miss
Luanna Franklin. Children: Holton, Elizabeth, Edwin, Franklin,
Florence, Walter.
Florence, married Doctor A. Louis Pettee. A son, Thornton.
Doctor Frank A., born July 30, 1860 ; a graduate of a medical college
in Chicago, practiced in Seattle; married Miss Elinor Ingersoll, a
graduate of Oberlin; he died November 26, 1904.
BARNA A. CLARK 695
Barna A. Clark
Barna A. Clark was born in Westminster West June 28, 1835. He was
one of the five children of Mark Clark, a farmer and an active man of
his day. The ancestry of the family dates back to the Pilgrim Fathers of
Plymouth in the person of Thomas Clark, the reputed mate of the May-
flower, who lived to be the patriarch of the Plymouth colony, dying at
the age of almost one hundred years. Barnabas Clark, who founded the
Westminster branch of the family, was the fourth in descent from
Thomas Clark and B. A. Clark was the fourth in descent from him. Mark
Clark died when his children were young, and soon afterwards the mother
bought the house in Westminster West, now well known as The Parsonage,
which was her home until her removal to Brattleboro twelve or fifteen
years later.
When a lad of fifteen B. A. Clark came to Brattleboro to enter the drug
and hardware store of Williston & Tyler in the Williston stone building.
He remained with this firm as a faithful clerk for twelve years, leaving
that position in 1863 to engage in the drug business with Henry C. Wil-
lard, later of Greenfield, Massachusetts, under the firm name of Clark &
Willard. The firm was first in the Blake building, where the Vermont
National Bank now stands, and for the last two years in the store now
occupied by the Brooks House Pharmacy. The partnership was discon-
tinued after eleven years, Mr. Clark buying the hardware and drug
business of Joseph Clark. Mr. Clark sold out the drug department and
devoted his whole time to the hardware business, then located on the
present site of W. J. Pentland's store. This business was moved to
the Tyler building near the bridge when that structure was completed,
and Mr. Clark moved from there to Crosby Block, where he continued in
business until April, 1893, when he sold to Mellen & Proctor. Mr. Clark
had an interest in lumbering operations, and bought the Luther Adams
farm in Halifax. He was thirty years in trade in this town.
Mr. Clark married November 17, 1859, Helen C. Bullock, daughter of
the late William Bullock of Brattleboro. She was born March 8, 1836,
and died December 3, 1899.
Mr. Clark was chosen at different times to the offices of selectman,
bailiff, town grand juror and overseer of the poor. He joined the Centre
Congregational Church in May, 1854, and was one of its regular attend-
ants and supporters. He was made deacon of the church January 1,
1882, and held that honorable office at his death. He had also served as
trustee of the Centre Congregational Society.
He died September 30, 1895.
Children :
William Bullock Clark. (See p. 976.)
696 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Edward Crosby
Edward Crosby was born in West Brattleboro August 2, 1815, in the
house the first at the right as one leaves the village and climbs the hill
by the old Marlboro South Road. His family, of English origin, came
here from Cape Cod. His father, Godfrey Crosby, was a school-teacher
in the early part of the nineteenth century, but after marrying Sylvia
Cune he went into trade in Dummerston, assisted by Deacon John Hol-
brook, his former employer, who held him in high esteem. The venture
was unsuccessful and he went from there to West Brattleboro.
He had three children : Fanny C, married September 16, 1839, William
Gaines, who died December 30, 1859, aged forty-six; Enos and Edward.
He moved to Marlboro when Edward, the youngest, was only two years
old, and died suddenly of heart disease October 18, 1817, at the age of
thirty-three.
The mother was left wholly without means, but her indomitable energy
and determination asserted themselves and she made a stout and winning
fight to keep her family together and bring her children up to useful and
honorable lives. She had $50 a year for keeping the tollhouse on the old
Bennington turnpike road, the gate of which was at the junction of the
county road at the foot of the hill this side of Marlboro village on what is
now known as the old stage or "South" road. Straw braiding for the
ample-sized hats worn by the women of that time was then the leading
rural industry, and to this work the fingers of the children were put as
soon as they were grown big enough. There was little time for play,
and Mr. Crosby was fond of telling, in his later years, how many
long yards of straw he had braided in his childhood. As he grew into his
teens he worked out for various farmers, staying at home in the winters
to help his mother and get such schooling as he might. At seventeen he
came to Brattleboro as errand boy in the old Chase tavern. Afterwards
he was promoted to be clerk and office assistant.
In the meantime the John Strong farm on the top of the hill above the
tollhouse had been bought, and at nineteen Edward returned home and
took charge of it, his brother Enos not wishing to remain there. At
twenty-two, September 25, 1839, he married Lucia, a daughter of Oshea
Smith, but she lived only a year after her marriage and died July 29, 1840.
In 1843 Mr. Crosby married Betsey Jones, daughter of Deacon Laban
Jones of Dover, who died November 23, 1890. In January, 1847, he sold
the Marlboro farm and moved down to the Benson Jones farm, now the
Akley farm, in West Brattleboro. Before leaving Marlboro the two elder
children were born, Fanny B. (Mrs. Rice) and Edward C. In this connec-
EDWARD CROSBY 697
tion it is interesting to note that the house in which they lived on the hill
farm was afterwards taken down and moved to West Brattleboro, where it
was for a time Melrose Academy, standing on the main street of the village.
The active young farmer began at once to improve his land. He started
the culture of peaches, which has ever since been continued by the farmers
of that vicinity, and by various means brought his farm to a high state
of productiveness.
In the meantime his brother-in-law, William Gaines, had bought the
mill at Centerville, and in 1850 Mr. Crosby entered into partnership with
him in this business. A set of flouring machinery was put in, and here
the young man of thirty-five began in a very small way the business which
finally developed into the success of his life. While still keeping his farm
he acted as the buyer and general business manager of the mill. It was
then that he began to go "west" to buy wheat, that term meaning
Albany and Troy, New York. Soon his trips extended to Rochester and
the Genesee Valley and then to Buffalo, the journeys being made by the
Erie Canal packet boats. Some of his early shipments of wheat were by
rail to Greenfield and thence by teams to Brattleboro, and most of his own
business travel in those times in all this section was by horse. The wheat
was transported and delivered in bags. Elevators were unknown and the
bags were carried to the top of the mill on men's backs, Mr. Crosby doing
his own share of this laborious work. About 185-i he sold his farm and
moved to Centerville, establishing besides his mill business a retail flour,
grain and provision business in this village in the store afterwards occu-
pied by Mr. Geddis. After two or three years he bought the Haven place
in West Brattleboro, and moved there, still continuing his business at this
village and Centerville. In 1856 he sold his mill interest to Mr. Gaines,
bought what is now the old tannery property, and began the manufacture
of shooks. A freshet washed out the dam, and the result of it was that
he sold out to Boston parties who put in a tannery, and after he had paid
all his debts he had just $1000 left to show for his thirty-five or forty
years of work.
In 1857 he reentered the flour and grain business with Mr. Gaines, act-
ing as the buying and selling partner. In the latter part of that year he
sold his West Brattleboro house and became for the first time a resident
of the East Village, moving into the house later owned and occupied by B.
Ranger. About the same time a partnership was formed for more exten-
sive operations in his chosen line of business, the style being E. Crosby &
Company, with Mr. Gaines, Nathaniel Sampson and I. G. Chandler as
the partners. The firm bought the building on Whetstone Brook then
used as a planing mill. This building was afterwards burned. A first-
698 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
class flouring mill was put in and the firm ran it for two years when, Mr.
Gaines's health having failed, it was sold to S. M. Waite, Jarvis Burrows
and W. E. Eason. In 1859 Mr. Crosby and I. G. Chandler established a
business in flour, grain, potatoes and groceries in the old Blake building.
In 1860 Mr. Crosby sold out to take the agency for the Chamberlain
flouring mills of Akron, Ohio, situated in what was then the center of
the flouring district of the country. In this move Mr. Crosby's remark-
able sagacity as a business man was illustrated. He saw the drift of the
times ; saw that the East could no longer compete with the West in the
milling business and that the thing to be done was to adapt himself to
the changed condition of things. His office was in the northwest corner
of the old Revere House.
In 1861 Charles B. Rice, son of J. B. Rice, came to him from Charle-
mont, Massachusetts, as a clerk, and married his daughter, Fanny B.,
April 12, 1866. The wai; broke out, he enlisted, went to the front, was
wounded at Bull Run, came home, and soon after was admitted as a part-
ner with Mr. Crosby. When Herrick and Wyman erected their Main
Street building, Crosby & Company had an office there. Their business
increased, the agency of new mills was added, and all the time the center
of the flouring industry moved west until it reached Minneapolis. In
1864 E. C. Crosby, then a boy of eighteen, came in as a clerk, and the
next year was admitted as a partner. Still the business grew, and long
before November, 1869, when the great fire swept away the entire west
side of Main Street, the firm was known as one of the leading flour com-
mission houses of New England.
The smoking ruins and the big gap in the midst of what had been the
center of the town's business activity made a hard fact to face. In July,
1870, Mr. Crosby made an offer for the site now occupied by Crosby
Block ; it was accepted, he secured the necessary financial backing, began
the erection of the building and pushed the work with such vigor that the
commodious structure was under rental by the next April, 1871. The
financial burden involved was such as few men of Mr. Crosby's then
limited means would have cared to assume. In 1873 Market Block was
built, and this was followed in 1874 by the erection of Harmony building.
In 1871 L. F. Adams came as a clerk, and in 1876 he was admitted to
partnership, Mr. Rice leaving at that time to establish a business in the
same line in Worcester with A. M. Thompson. About this time the now
famous Minneapolis flour, made under the new roller process, began
to come into the market. The business of the concern steadily grew and
required an additional number of travelers — one with headquarters at
Schenectady and one at Springfield — to take charge of it. In 1878, Mr.
EDWARD CROSBY 699
Rice's health failing, his Worcester business was brought back into the
concern and in 1880, his health being still further impaired, Mr. Crosby
bought Mr. Rice's interest in the three buildings — Crosby, Market and
Harmony Blocks — which he had held up to that time, having been asso-
ciated with Mr. Crosby in 1870 and thereafter in his real estate transac-
tions. In jNIay, 1888, Charles R. Crosby, Mr. Crosby's youngest son and
child, was admitted to the firm, having then recently reached his majority.
The business under his management has kept pace with the development
of the town and the times.
In 1887 Mr. Crosby bought the old foundry building on the bank of the
river and built in its place the large and substantial storehouse, in a por-
tion of which E. Crosby & Company have done a successful wholesale
and retail business in grain, meal and feed, handling these goods from all
points in the West. The total amount of the firm's business for years
approached or equaled $1,000,000 annually, a volume reached by few
concerns in the same line of trade in New England.
In 1860 Mr. Crosby bought what was then the Seymour place on
Western Avenue, enlarged and repaired the building, and moved there,
occupying it until in the summer of 1886 he removed to the Kellogg place
on High Street, which he had bought and remodeled.
All his life he was distinctly a builder. Besides the new buildings
erected by him already mentioned, he built in 1869 for his son, E. C.
Crosby, the house afterwards occupied by Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler, and in
1889 the cottage in the rear of his own residence for the occupation of
his son Charles. During the time he was engaged in the shook business
at Centerville he built the present schoolhouse in that district.
Though always actively interested in public affairs and in the discus-
sion of questions of general interest, he had no disturbing ambition for
public ofifice, and his only noteworthy service in this direction was when, in
1871, he was elected a member of the Legislature. He was an early and
constant friend of the Brattleboro & Whitehall road and took an active
part in the discussion and agitation which attended the inception of that
enterprise. His determined eiTorts in behalf of the Wilmington railroad
project did credit to his large public spirit.
In his early religious faith Mr. Crosby was a Congregationalist, and
united with that church while living in Marlboro; later, however, he
found himself at variance with the creed of the church and as a result
he was finally dropped from the roll of membership while living in West
Brattleboro. He used to relate, with quiet satisfaction, that when the
little tempest attending this event had subsided he said to Parson Joseph
Chandler, "You have had a good deal of trouble on my account ; come
down and I will give you the best barrel of flour I have got."
700 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In politics Mr. Crosby was thoroughly and genuinely a Republican.
No man in Brattleboro, or in Vermont, was more enthusiastically, actively
and helpfully interested in the Harrison campaign, and it was to him a
source of the greatest pride and satisfaction that his vote, which helped
to elect the grandson in 1888, had also helped to elect the grandfather in
1840.
While Mr. Crosby's domestic life was of the happiest character his
sorrows were many. Of eleven children born to him only four survived :
Mrs. Charles B. Rice, Edward C, Mrs. L. F. Adams and Charles R.
Charles B. Rice accepted the position of treasurer of Talladega College,
Alabama, in the hope that the climate of Alabama would prove beneficial.
He died November 2, 1885, aged forty-seven. Mrs. Rice, born June 25,
1844, died March 16, 1907, after a life of human helpfulness, faithfully
and trustfully lived. Children: Howard C, born September 16, 1878,
editor of The Brattleboro Reformer, and Marion M. Howard married
May 21, 1902, Amy, daughter of Wells P. and Marion Stetson Jones. Chil-
dren : Howard, Eleanor F., Marion S.
Three adopted children of j\Ir. Crosby died. While enduring all these
afiflictions with unusual patience and fortitude, a crushing blow came to
him in the death of his daughter, Ella H., who was born July 6, 1853,
married in October, 1872, Leroy F. Adams and died January 27, 1890.
Mr. Crosby had a peculiarly nervous and sometimes excitable tempera-
ment inseparable from a man of his ceaseless activity, and that his views
were sometimes radically different from those of his fellows was, there-
fore, inevitable ; but however sharp the temporary disagreement, to what-
ever length his impetuous zeal carried him, when the event was over there
was never a trace of bitterness or estrangement, or even of disagreement
left. The man's independence, sincerity and large-heartedness had wiped
that all out. On his integrity and uprightness there was never a blemish
or stain. He died April 2, 1890, aged seventy-four.
Edward C. Crosby was born on the seventh of July, 1846, in Marlboro,
Vermont, attended the public schools of West Brattleboro, subsequently
entering the High School at Brattleboro. In 1863 he graduated from
the Seminary at Springfield, Vermont, became a clerk in the general
store of Cyrus W. Wyman, and later for two years assisted his father
in the grain business. When Mr. Rice sold his interest in the business
to Edward Crosby, and a few years later Leroy F. Adams became con-
nected with the firm, among the investments of Messrs. Edward C.
Crosby and Leroy F. Adams was the purchase in 1888 of the Brooks
House property. In 1896 Mr. Crosby disposed of the grain business to
Messrs. Leroy F. Adams and his brother, Charles R. Crosby, having
EDWARD C. CROSBY 701
become active with M. A. Coolidge of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, in the
construction of street raihvays. In 1894 Messrs. Crosby and Coolidge
built the Brattleboro street railway.
In 1890 at the earnest solicitation of his party, Mr. Crosby consented
to enter the lists as a candidate for the State Legislature, but withdrew
when three contestants appeared in the field. ■ He is a member of the Con-
gregational Church, and was for twelve years vice-president of the Young
Men's Christian Association at Brattleboro.
Mr. Crosby married August 25, 1868, Emma F. Wyman, daughter of
Cyrus W. Wyman," born January 1, 1849; she graduated from the High
School in 1866; died March 28, 1912. He married, second, Mrs. Julia L.
Parker.
Children of Edward C. Crosby:
Henry H., who married October 18, 1894, Miss Bessie Couch Van
Doom ; engaged in the flour business. A daughter, Betsey.
Francis W., an architect, married September 14, 1892, Jennie E., daugh ■
ter of Warren Doolittle; married, second, October 18, 1902, Miss
Nellie Teake of Dallas, Texas. Children : Dorothy, Francis, Edward.
Frederic C, a physician, married December 2, 1899, Miss Agnes C.
Cosgrove; died April 27, 1900.
Allyn J., married Maud Coudry and has a daughter, Alene Maude.
Thomas Warren, graduate of Norwich University, now manager of the
Mohawk garage. North Adams, Massachusetts; married, 1909, Miss
Anna J\I. Landry of Winnipeg.
Edward, Junior, died November 6, 1883, at the age of three years.
Helen F., a graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music,
Boston, married John F. Brasor. A son, Winston C.
Edna S., born October 19, 1884 ; married Harry A. Bingham ; died April
7, 1916. Children : Mary C, Allen Irwin.
Charles R., married September 6, 1888, Miss Mattie A. Bemis. Chil-
dren: Marjorie, married Lyman E. Smith; Edward, born December 22,
1891, died October 1, 1908; Godfrey, married Miss Marion Clemens;
Sylvia; Richard; Charles.
Cyrus W. Wyman was born in Rockingham, December 18, 1823, came
to Brattleboro in 1856, had a grocery store and was in the grain business
later with James F. Estey. He was treasurer of the Brattleboro Savings
Bank from January 16, 1879, to January 20, 1887.
He was a man of strong convictions and active in unpopular movements.
He was treasurer of the Woman's Suffrage Association of Vermont,
708 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
president of the National Law and Order League, and prohibition nominee
for governor with S. N. Herrick. He built Union Block.
He married January. 1, 1848, Charlotte M. Bruce, daughter of Pre-
served and Eleanor Bruce of Marlboro; she died January 3, 1895 ; he died
February 23, 1904. Children : Emma F. ; Helen W., married December
31, 1874, Nathan D. Allen, warden of the House of Correction, Franklin
County, Massachusetts ; of the State Prison at Concord, New Hampshire,
and afterwards (1914) of the Massachusetts State Prison in Charlestown,
where he made many original and humane reforms ; Annie L., married
Fred J. Coudrey of Wethersfield, Connecticut.
Leroy F. Adams was born in Marlboro, Vermont, April 23, 1846, and
was educated in the district schools of that community and of Wil-
mington. At his majority he entered the employ of C. H. Smith at
Smiths Ferry, Massachusetts, with whom he was associated for three
years. In 1870 he located at Brattleboro, where he became associated with
the clerical force of Mr. Edward Crosby.
The early life of Mr. Adams was filled with many vicissitudes and
struggles, but he fought his way to a competence with the Crosby firm,
performing the manual labor about the house for a period, then receiving
promotion to the position of bookkeeper. His intimate knowledge of the
methods used by the firm, coupled with an aptitude which developed in the
salesroom, led to his being given an interest in the firm and his subsequent
selection as its traveling representative, and in this latter position he
operated with great success for a number of years.
In October, 1872, he married Ella H., daughter of Edward Crosby.
In the year 18S4 a company was formed by business men of Brattle-
boro, of which Mr. Edward Crosby was president and the leading spirit,
to carry on a cattle business in Dakota, and !Mr. Adams acted in the
capacity of general manager of this company for three years, with head-
quarters at Sturgis, South Dakota. In 1887 Mr. Adams resigned his posi-
tion and returned to his native state, where he resumed his active connec-
tion with the firm of E. Crosby & Company. The hotel venture was
undertaken, under the firm name of Crosby & Adams. During his part-
ner's absence from Brattleboro in connection with railroad interests, Mr.
Adams had general rpanagement of the hotel interests.
Mr. Adams served three years as chairman of the board of education.
In political affiliation he acted with the Republican party, and on the all-
absorbing topic of the liquor question was, with his partner, fearless in
opposition to high license, a significant proof of which was the firm's
refusal to take out license for the hotel under the new law. Mr. Adams
was a valued member of the Congregational Church of Brattleboro, and
one of the society's board of trustees.
FROM PROSPECT STREET
FROM CEMETARY
VILLAGE FROM THE ISLAND
■THE PATCH" IRISH SETTLEMENT
JOHN J. J. RETTING 70:3
Mr. Adams removed to Springfield in 1907, engaging there in the flour
and grain business with his son George, under the name of Springfield
Flour & Grain Company, and there he died February 4, 1910. Mr. Adams
married for his second wife, in 1899, Helen i\I., daughter of S. B. Emer-
son of Brattleboro. A daughter, Edith.
Children :
Fred C, born January 31, 1879 ; married Ruth, daughter of Frank L.
Hunt of Brattleboro; teller of the Peoples National Bank.^ Children :
Lyman, Eleanor.
George E., married Margaret, daughter of George C. Averill. Children:
Marion, Rosamond, Averill.
Ruth L., married Guy W. Downer.
Crosby, a graduate of Norwich University, married Miss Ruth Fox.
Ella C, married Doctor George L. Schadt.
For others of the Crosby family living in Brattleboro, see Appendix.
John Johann Jacob Retting
■ John Johann Jacob Retting was born in Kliitz, Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
Germany, February 6, 182-4, the son of Frederick Retting. It was the plan
of his parents to have him enter the ministry, but he had learned the
trade of journeyman furniture maker before preparing for college, and
after teaching school several years, he spent seven years working at his
trade in the cities of his native land.
In order to avoid being drafted into the revolution of 1848, he and his
young wife set out for America in a sailing vessel which was thirteen
weeks crossing the Atlantic owing to the condition of the captain, who was
under the influence of liquor a considerable portion of the voyage. They
finally arrived in New York January 29, 1849, and on October 2, 1850,
came to Brattleboro. Here for seven years he followed his trade. He
was employed by Van Doom & Sons.
When the new state house was built at Montpelier in 1857, he worked
on Larkin G. Mead's statue of Ethan Allen there, and fashioned from
wood the Goddess of Liberty which surmounts the state capitol.
In 1858 he entered business with C. L. Brown, under the firm name Ret-
ting & Brown. In 1861 Mr. Retting began business for himself in a
building at the corner of Main and High Streets. He continued there
until the fire of October 30, 1869, when he took a store in the old Masonic
building on High Street and remained there until February 28, 1878,
when he sold the store to his sons, John and Leopold J., and a store in
Bellows Falls to his son Charles. Mr. Retting began the making of furni-
ture on Flat Street in the seventies.
^ Now Treasurer Vermont Savings Bank.
704 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He was a prominent member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
and was the oldest past grand patriarch in the grand lodge in Vermont.
He married in 1848 Miss Marie Klein of Meriden-on-the-Elbe, and he
attributed all his success in life to her. She died April 12, 1900, aged
seventy-eight. He died December 7, 1912, aged eighty-eight.
Children :
Leopold ]., born in New York, December 17, 1849, after leaving school,
began work in his father's store and at twenty-one became a partner ;
married January 23, 1879, Elizabeth L., daughter of Henry O. Leon-
ard of Brattleboro, who died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, October
1, 1915, aged seventy-six. He took an active interest in the Brattle-
boro Young Men's Christian Association and was leader of the men's
class in the Baptist Bible School. He moved to Mt. Clemens, Michi-
gan, and died there in December, 1919. A daughter, Florence Leonard.
Emma.
Charles, of Pasadena, California.
Mary.
John H., of Grand Rapids, Michigan, married January 5, 1881, Miss
Hattie L. Rice.
Minna, who married Walter S. Bishop of New Haven, Connecticut.
Fred, of Salt Lake City, Utah.
Matilda, married Fred Veet of Springfield, Massachusetts.
William Alonzo Hopkins
William Alonzo Hopkins, son of Weston and Laura Butterfield Hop-
kins of Chesterfield, was born in Brattleboro. At the age of thirteen, in
1854, he entered Joseph Clark's drug store where he remained as clerk
until he was twenty-four. He went to New York in 1865. In 1867 he
established the Bronze Hardware Works, Hopkins, Dickinson & Company,
with factories in New Jersey. In 1876 he went to Europe on account of
ill health, traveled extensively, and lived in Paris, spending his summers
in Dinard, where he founded the Dinard Hospital, for which he was made
Knight of the Legion of Honor, and also started the Dinard New Club;
in Paris he founded the American Relief Society, and also Le Matin,
which journal was under his control many years.
He married a daughter of Doctor Janes of Philadelphia, who brought
him a large fortune. He died at Dinard, France.
Children:
Weston.
Henry, one of the first to enlist, died in 1864 from a wound received
in the Civil War.
Laura Butterfield.
ALONZO C. DAVENPORT 705
Mary C, who married Stewart. Their son, Alonzo Hopkins
Stewart, was deputy sergeant-at-arms of the Senate in Washington.
Alonzo C. Davenport
(Davenport & Mansur)
Alonzo C. Davenport was born at Sunderland, Vermont, November 17,
1836, the son of Pardon and Jerusha (Flint) Davenport; he was a direct
descendant of Charles Davenport of Dummerston, one of the pluckiest of
the Americans at the Westminster massacre.
Mr. Davenport came to Brattleboro in the early fifties, and was for
above a quarter of a century in the grocery trade in partnership with I. G.
Chandler, afterwards with C. H. Mansur, and for a dozen years alone
until he sold out to Simonds & Pullen. After leaving the grocery business
he was connected with W. R. Geddis in the book and stationery trade. He
was treasurer of the Free Library from its organization, and devoted
much of his energy, during the last fifteen years of his life, to its upbuild-
ing, cataloguing being his special work. In the old lecture days he was
prominently identified with the local management and some seasons car-
ried the burden alone. He was always active and prominent in the Metho-
dist Church, where he did his full duty, as was his wont everywhere in
life, with a kindness of heart and manner that endeared him to his fellow
citizens. He married May 25, 1862, Miss Elizabeth B. Simpson of Phila-
delphia. He died April 18, 1899.
Charles H. Mansur was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1835. He
became, when a youth, a clerk in his father's hardware store, was a
favorite among his fellows and for a time an officer in the Watson Light
Guard of the Massachusetts militia. In 1857 he went west as clerk on a
Mississippi River steamer plying between New Orleans and upper points
on the river. In 1859 he went back to Lowell and into partnership with
his father, remaining there until 1863, when he came to Brattleboro and
entered the grocery trade with A. C. Davenport, having bought the interest
of Mr. Chandler in the firm of Chandler & Davenport, the style of the
firm changing to Davenport & Mansur. He remained in the store five
years, selling out at the end of that time because of the development of
the nervous trouble, seriously impairing his general health, from which
he was never afterwards entirely free. At the end of about two years
his health was so far restored that he entered the post office as assistant
postmaster under Captain Ranslure W. Clarke, holding the place during
Postmaster Clarke's incumbency of eight years. At the end of that time
he received the appointment as postmaster, which office he held for two
terms, making sixteen years of continuous service. His record during the
time was marked by thorough efficiency.
706 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He was married in 1862 to Elizabeth, daughter of John Tripp of
Lowell.^ He died August 15, 188G, aged fifty.
Charles A. Tripp, a brother of Mrs. Mansur, who married September
9, 1858, Mary E. Bugbee, daughter of George Bugbee, came to Brattleboro
in 1856 and was a jeweler here for forty-six years. He died in 1903.
Philip Wells
Philip Wells was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, December 20, 1823 ;
his early days were spent in that town and he was a merchant there.
In 1850 he came to Brattleboro and was for seventeen years cashier of
the Vermont National Bank. During the difficult times of the panic in
1857 and the general financial unrest which prevailed through the Civil
War, the Vermont National was fortunate in having at the helm a man
of unusual banking ability, who kept it strong and enabled it to render
great service to the country when other banks went to the wall.
He built a house which stood north of the present High School prop-
erty, with many locust trees in front, and with an "S" curved walk from
the house to the gateway in a rustic fence (built by Sewall Morse in the
sixties). This house, afterwards owned by General Phelps, was removed
to the south side of Grove Street in 1882-1884 in order to enlarge the High
School property.
He married October 28, 1858, Elizabeth E., daughter of Jared E. Harri-
son of Salisbury, Connecticut. She died February 8, 1860, aged twenty-
nine. He was a typical gentleman of the old school, and a faithful com-
municant of St. Michael's Episcopal Church.
Children :
Philip, born September 18, 1859; editor of a newspaper (Connecticut).
Harriet Electa, born November 14, 1857 ; married Judge Tinknor
Warner of Connecticut.
Captain Frank Wells, a brother of Philip Wells, was teller of the Ver-
mont National Bank.
Judge William S. Newton
William S. Newton, born in Marlboro, Vermont, June 26, 1822, was the
second of three sons of Captain William and Betsey (Harris) Newton.
The eldest son was Roswell H. Newton, who was born in West Brattle-
boro September 13, 1819, married December 18, 1843, Miss Eleanor H.
Samson, and died September 8, 1897; he had two sons: William D. and
Roswell Hill. The youngest son of Captain Newton was Levi Newton of
North Dana, Massachusetts.
1 Their daughter, Grace Mansur Bell, who was born December 30, 1873, died
February 4, 1895, leaving a daughter, Eleanor, born May 2, 1891.
WILLIAM S. NEWTON 707
Mr. Newton was of the seventh generation in descent from Richard
Newton who came from England and settled in Southboro, Massachusetts.
Cotton Newton, of the fifth generation, grandfather of WiUiam S. New-
ton and a soldier in the Revokitionary War, was one of the early settlers
in Marlboro, going to that town from Berlin, Massachusetts, in the fall
of 1798. His son. Captain William, who died of paralysis September 27,
1878, at the age of a little more than ninety years, succeeded to the owner-
ship of the home farm. Captain William Newton was captain of a mili-
tary company in Marlboro. His wife, who was Betsey Harris of West
Brattleboro, lived in Marlboro after her husband's death, but went to New
Salem, Massachusetts, to visit shortly before her death and died there
December 2, 1882, at the age of eighty-two. She ^yas a sister of Roswell
Harris, principal of the Brattleborough Academy.
After attending the district school in i\Iarlboro and Brattleborough
Academy, William Sawyer Newton became a clerk in Jesse Cone's coun-
try store in Alarlboro. He was then seventeen years old. A few years
later he was clerk in Gardner C. Hall's general store in Brattleboro,
which stood about where the town building stands. After two years
he went back to Marlboro on account of illness, but returned to Brat-
tleboro in 1852 to take a position as clerk in the Vermont & Massa-
chusetts Railroad ticket office with Nathaniel Guptil, who was one of the
first local station agents. In a short time he became under Postmaster
Samuel Button the only clerk in the post office, and remained there five
years. About 1859 he and Nathaniel Cheney engaged in the grocery busi-
ness. After a few months Mr. Newton bought Mr. Cheney's interest and
conducted the store until 1887. The store stood on the west side of Main
Street, near Whetstone bridge.
At this time Mr. Newton retired from business to devote himself to
official duties. He was elected town clerk March 3, 1863, and at the free-
men's meeting in September of the same year he was elected a justice of
the peace. Gradually he came to be considered the trial justice of the
town, and hearings before him took up a good portion of his time. He
tried hundreds of cases, some of them of great importance, up to a short
time before' the municipal court was established, and he came to be called
"Judge."
There has been a wide range of work for town clerks in Vermont,
from making holes with a punch in the ears or skins of animals in order
that the man who killed the animal may receive the bounty, up to seeing
that the right phraseology is used when the town is authorizing a loan,
and diverging within these limits to many issues.
One of the cases in which Mr. Newton presided was that of Rudyard
Kipling against his brother-in-law, Beatty S. Balestier. There was much
708 ANXALS OF BRATTLEBORO
wit as well as interest in the case, and Mr. Newton secured his share of it
while carrying the responsibility of arriving at the right judicial decision.
In January, 1882, Mr. Xewton was elected a trustee of the Vermont
Savings Bank and in January, 1891, he was elected vice-president of the
institution. In politics he was at first a Whig. He voted for Abraham
Lincoln for president, and after that he acted with the Republican party.
He was a member of Columbian Lodge of Masons and of the Centre
Congregational Church. He was a constant attendant at church from
boyhood, and he could remember when his father's family walked from
their farm in Marlboro to church in the village two miles west, carrying
luncheon and listening to two sermons every Sunday, each an hour or
more in length, one in the forenoon and one in the afternoon.
March 30, 1858, Mr. Newton married Lucinda Wells Harris of Brattle-
boro, widow of Noyes Harris and daughter of David and Salome
(Wheeler) Goodrich of Chesterfield, New Hampshire (a brother was
George W. Goodrich). They had no children. Mrs. Newton died Janu-
ary 29, 1903, at the age of eighty-four years, after having been an invalid
forty-seven years.
Mr. Newton died January 14, 1914.
He left a stepdaughter, Anna L., widow of Charles D. Brooks, who
lived with him.
The death of Judge Ne\%-ton marked the passing of a man whose rugged
characteristics and record will forever remain a part of the history of the
town. With possibly one or two exceptions he held the office of town
clerk longer than any other person in New England, having given to it
fifty-one years of service.
In his term as town clerk Mr. Newton had been present to read the call
and report the proceedings in all but two meetings. In both instances he
was kept at home by illness, but on the last occasion he appeared on the
scene before the meeting was through and exercised the right of franchise.
Before the establishment of the system of municipal courts and in the
days of the old prohibitor}' law, Judge Newton was prominently before
the public.
Honorable George Howe
Honorable George Howe, eldest son of Honorable Ebenezer Howe,
Junior; great-grandson of Captain Moses Howe, who was taken by the
Indians when a lad ; great -great-grandson of Caleb Howe, killed by In-
dians July 27, 1755, and the husband of the "fair captive"; great-great-
great-grandson of Josiah Sartwell (the builder of Sartwell's Fort, 1737),
was born in Vernon July -4, 1824.
He studied law in Brattleboro with Honorable Asa Keyes. In 1845 he
JUDGE DANIEL KELLOGG 709
entered the law department of Harvard University and graduated in 1847
with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, closed his preparatory studies as a
law student in the office of Honorable W. C. Bradley at Westminster and
was admitted to the bar of Windham County in 1847. He spent several
years in California and on his return located at Brattleboro and com-
menced the practice of law in 1853, in partnership with Judge Keyes. He
was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States in
185G; was state's attorney, 1858-1859; was appointed United "States attor-
ney for the district of Vermont by President Lincoln in 1861. He repre-
sented Windham County in the State Senate, 1874-1875, and held many
other offices and positions of trust; was a delegate to the Republican
National Convention of 1876. Obtaining an appointment in the Pension
Department of the government, he removed from Brattleboro about 1880.
He died February 21, 1888.
His wife, Alary Ann Willard, born December 16, 182.3, died March 24,
1905. She was a daughter of Joseph Willard and Susan Dorr Clapp of
Westminster and they were married June 13, 1850.
An only child :
George E., born February 5, 1862, graduated at Harvard College Sep-
tember, 18S3 ; Harvard Law School, 1885 ; practiced law in Boston
in partnership with F. W. Kittredge and Nathan Matthews, Junior;
married June 23, 1891, Nelly, daughter of Alfred H. Wright. He
died December, 1920. Children:
Frank S., born in Natick July 10, 1892.
Calma W., graduated at Wellesley, 1915 ; married June 7, 1916, Rev-
erend James Gordon Gilkey of New York, graduated at Harvard,
1912.
George Wright, born October 9, 1895 ; graduated Harvard College,
1921.
Henry M., of San Francisco.
Clifford B., of Boston.
Mr. Wright came to Brattleboro as a clerk, to the firm Pratt & Wright,
clothiers. He married September 8, 1858, Miss Mary Bemis, born in 1835
and died in 1914. He was made deacon of the Centre Church December
15, 1871, was on the church committee from 1867 to 1872 and was superin-
tendent of the Sunday school in 1863. He moved to Natick, Massachu-
setts, in 1881.
Honorable Daniel Kellogg
Judge Daniel Kellogg was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, February
13, 1791. He fitted for college at the old grammar school on Newfane
Hill; graduated at Williams College in 1810; studied law with Gen-
710 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
eral Martin Field of Newfane and was admitted to the Windham
County bar at the December term of 1813. He commenced the practice
of his profession in the winter of 1813, at Rockingham, where he remained
until he removed to Brattleboro in December, 1855. He was elected judge
of probate for the northern district of Windham County, 1819-1820, and
for two or more years he was elected state's attorney for the same county.
He was private secretary for Governors Van Ness and Butler from 1823
to 1828. In 1828 he was a member of the Council of Censors of that year.
For twelve years, 1829-1841, during the entire administration of General
Jackson and Mr. Van Buren, he held the office of United States district
attorney for Vermont. In 1843 he was president of the Constitutional
Convention. For some years he was adjutant inspector-general of the
militia of Vermont. He represented the town of Rockingham in 1845,
and while a member of the House was elected judge of the Supreme Court,
which office he held for seven consecutive years, 1845-1851. He received
the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont in 1853
and was presidential elector in 1864. He was one of the board of trustees
of the Vermont Insane Asylum.
For a long period Judge Kellogg was the candidate of the Democratic
party for governor. In 1853 he was nominated by the Democratic legisla-
tive caucus as candidate for United States senator, and for forty succes-
sive ballots led his competitors, at one time lacking only two votes of an
election. This long term of service gave him the acquaintance of the
earlier public men of the state, of whom he was wont in later years to
narrate interesting reminiscences and anecdotes.
When Lafayette visited Vermont in 1825 Governor Van Ness was ill,
and upon Judge Kellogg devolved the duty of welcoming him to the state
and extending its hospitalities. He met Lafayette at the state line of
New Hampshire and escorted him through the state, introducing him to
the people at the public receptions given in several towns through which
they passed. After his removal to Brattleboro he was elected senator
from the county for two years. He was chosen president of the Bellows
Falls Bank after its organization in 1832, and held the position for many
years, and was a director of the bank at the time of his death. During
the sixty years of his public life he maintained a reputation for thorough-
ness, fidelity and integrity. In manners he was a gentleman of the old
school, erect, dignified, urbane ; in private life a kind neighbor and friend.
He married, first. Miss Jane McAffee of Rockingham ; second. Miss
Merab Ann Bradley; third, Miranda M. Aldis, daughter of Chief Justice
Asa Aldis of St. Albans.
They purchased the estate of Honorable John Phelps on High Street
about 1854, and erected thereon a place of residence. A lot of land.
JUDGE DANIEL KELLOGG 711
near the foot of High Street, was deeded by them, May 19, 1869, to
the Library Association for the purpose of erecting a library building
thereon — this New Library Association having been formed April 10,
of the same year, with Richards Bradley, president; S. M. Waite, vice-
president; N. B. Williston, treasurer; Malcolm Moody, clerk, and a num-
ber of directors.
He died May 10, 1875, aged eighty-four.
Children :
Henry, born August 23, ] 823 ; graduated at Williams College in 1843 ;
engaged in the study of law with Honorable William C. Bradley of
Westminster, Vermont, and was drowned while bathing in the
Connecticut River at that place June 18, 1844.
George B., born in November, 1825; studied law with Honorable Asa
Keyes of Brattleboro. He commenced the practice of his profession
at Rockingham in 1846, soon after his father was elected judge of
the Supreme Court ; removed to Brattleboro in 1855, was appointed
postmaster in 1861 ; was state's attorney for Windham County three
years; adjutant and inspector-general for the state from 1854 to
1859, and represented Brattleboro in the General Assembly two years.
He was the law partner of J. Dorr Bradley. When the war broke
out he was postmaster, but resigned his office to enter the army. He
was active in raising and enlisting the Vermont Cavalry Regiment,
and was lieutenant-colonel thereof during the Civil War, at the con-
clusion of which he resumed the practice of his profession at St.
Louis, where he died November 15, 1875, aged fifty. He married
March 15, 1847, Mary L. Sikes, daughter of Uriel Sikes. Mrs. Kel-
logg died in St. Louis January 15, 1907. Their daughter, Jane L.
Kellogg, married Victor Fisher of St. Louis ; they have two daughters.
Sarah B., born in August, 1831, married November, 1855, Henry A.
Willard of Washington, District of Columbia. (See p. .713.)
Daniel, born April 9, 1835; married May 3, 1861, Margaret W. May,
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John May of Westminster. Mrs. May was
born in Boston June 18, 1808. Her parents died in her youth, and she
was left to the guardianship of an uncle who placed her in the care of
a friend at Westminster. Mr. !May was a farmer of that town who
died in 1854. In 1861 she removed to Brattleboro and died at the
home of her daughter, Mrs. Daniel Kellogg, March 5, 1884. A son,
John E. May, died in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1862. Mrs. Margaret
W. Kellogg died November 30, 1892.
Daniel Kellogg, Junior, was postmaster at Brattleboro from 1862 to
1869, and was proprietor of the Bates House, Rutland, several years, and
712 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of the Crocker House, New London; he was assistant judge of Windham
County Court. He died October 8, 1918. Children : William M., died,
1915 ; Susan, married George C. Wright of Westminster ; jMerab, married
John Williams of Bellows Falls. Children : John H., Junior ; Merab
Bradley; Alice B. (Mrs. Harvey Parkhurst), died March 25, 1916;
Stephen.
Mrs. Miranda M., wife of Judge Daniel Kellogg, was born in St.
Albans, Vermont, June 20, 1803. .After availing herself of the common
school advantages of her native place, she was sent to Mrs. Emma Wil-
lard's School, then located in Middlebury, and also to the same school
when moved to Waterford and Troy, New York. From the first she was
a favorite pupil of Mrs. Willard and in after years they became intimate
friends. Returning to St. Albans when her school days were over, she
became warmly interested in the Episcopal Church, an interest which
she retained through life.
She was a woman of remarkable mental endowment, with an inborn
love of books; her library was of unusual extent and excellence and her
love of reading continued to the last. She also had rare conversational
powers and an active memory, and for some years her home was the
center for the best intellectual life of the place.
Her support of the church was instant, active, generous, and it was her
influence that kept it broad and efficient during her lifetime. She was ever
ready to help the poor and all those who were in distress of mind or body.
She died May 10, 1885, aged eighty-two.
Her mother, Madame Amy Aldis, born July 12, 1770, died in Brattle-
boro July 4, 1867.
Honorable Asa Owen Aldis, a brother of Mrs. Kellogg, was born in St.
Albans in 1811 ; graduated from the University of Vermont in 1829,
studied law at Harvard College in 1831, was admitted to the bar and
became a law partner of his father in 1832. He made his mark as an able
lawyer and had an extensive practice, till in 1857 he was elected to the
Supreme Court of Vermont. He retired from the bench in 1865 largely
in consequence of deep affliction from the loss of two daughters and
of the delicate health of others of his family, and accepted an appoint-
ment as United States consul at Nice, which office he held with high credit
for five years. Returning to this country in 1870, he was in 1871 appointed
a member of the commission to settle the claims of southern citizens
against the government, arising from the Civil War. Of this important
commission he was president and a valuable member for nine years, when
the work of the commission was brought to a close. In 1880 he was
appointed a judge of the French and Alabama Claims Commission, which
JUDGE DANIEL KELLOGG 713
office he held until 188-1. His duties in these offices required his presence
at Washington, and he made his home for twenty years in that city, where
many Vermonters and others enjoyed his hospitality. He was trustee of
the University of Vermont 1853-1865. He died June 24, 1891.
His wife, Rlary Townsend Taylor, was a granddaughter of Micah
Townsend and great-granddaughter of Samuel Wells of Brattleboro.
Judge and Mrs. Aldis were in Brattleboro with their children many sum-
mers as guests of Madame Kellogg.
Of their five children:
Helen, married, 1871, Bryan Lathrop of Chicago, who died in 1916.
Owen Franklin Aldis spent much time in Brattleboro as a young man.
He was on the editorial staff of The Yale Literary Magazine in 1873 ;
graduated from Yale in 1874, from the Columbia Law School, and
practiced law, 1879-1890. Of the real estate firm, Aldis, Northcote &
Aldis of Chicago. He married, in 1878, Miss Leila Houghtaling of
Chicago, who died, leaving a son, Owen, who died April 30, 1903 ;
married, second, in 1913, Marie Madeline, daughter of the Comte de
Mas. He has given six thousand volumes to Yale University, first
and notable editions, manuscripts, and letters of American authors,
making what is probably the largest and most nearly complete collec-
tion of its kind. The collection is known as the "Yale Collection of
American Literature."
Cornelia J.
Arthur T., a student at Miss Amelia Tyler's School ; St. Paul's, Concord ;
Harvard Special, 1880-1882 ; the Law School of Harvard College.
He was engaged in ranching in Wyoming, 1885-1889, when he be-
came a partner in the real estate firm of Aldis, Northcote & Aldis.
He is governing member of the Art Institute of Chicago. He mar-
ried June 8, 1892, Miss Mary Reynolds. A son, Graham.
Amy, born in St. Albans April 2, 1865, passed much of her young girl-
hood in Brattleboro ; married March, 1892, Richards Merry Bradley.
She died December 15, 1918.
Henry A. Willard was born in Westminster, Vermont, May 14, 1822.
He was descended from Major Simon Willard, who came from Horse-
monden, Kent, to Boston in May, 1634, removing later to Concord, Massa-
chusetts, where he had a distinguished career. A great-grandson. Rev-
erend Joseph Willard, was killed by the Indians near Rutland, Vermont,
in 1723. His son, William, was a soldier and frontiersman in Vermont
who made himself disliked by defending the New York "court party"
in its claims to the Hampshire Grants, being involved in the Westminster,
Vermont, massacre in 1775.
714 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Henry Willard worked on the farm in Westminster and attended school
till the age of seventeen, when his father consulted William C. Bradley
regarding his future career. Two opportunities offered, one to settle in
Brattleboro, the other to work in Horace Baxter's store in Bellows Falls
as a general clerk. The latter was accepted.
The turning incident in young Willard's career came when Sidney
Baxter, son of the proprietor of the store, requested the Westminster boy
to black his boots. He immediately relinquished his place and set out
for Brattleboro, where he became night clerk in Chase's Stage-House.
Here the youth remained until his brother Joseph, of Troy, New York,
induced him to accept the position of steward on the Hudson River boat
Niagara. Here Henry's business ingenuity asserted itself and he began
saving his pennies, which he invested in books and which he kept on the
boat for the use of its passengers for a small fee. He soon gained the
confidence of the company, as well as the good will of the patrons. Large
sums of money were carried by him between the banks in Troy and those
of New York City.
Going to Washington in 18 i? he leased the City Hotel and rechristened
it Willard's Hotel : a little later he was able to purchase the property and
was sole owner and proprietor until 185.3, when he took in his brother
Joseph as half partner. He was a host 'to many of the notable men and
women of the time and amassed the fortune which was shared wherever
a real need presented itself.
During the early part of the Civil War, Mr. Willard proved his patriot-
ism by keeping in close touch with the Union Army, and many a northern
soldier was the recipient of his bounty and hospitality. At one time the
Union flag on the top of Willard's Hotel was the only Union flag flying
on any except a government building in the District of Columbia.
When Abraham Lincoln came to Washington preparatory to his inau-
guration he stopped at the Willard Hotel. That night Mr. Lincoln called
for a pair of slippers ; his foot could not be readily fitted, owing to its size,
but Mrs. Willard suggested that "Papa" William C. Bradley, who was
visiting them, had a large pair of slippers, and these were procured, and
worn by Mr. Lincoln, who wrote a note of thanks for their use.
Mr. Willard's sister, Mary Ann Willard, became the wife of the Hon-
orable George Howe.
Mr. Willard died December 4, 1909. He left one son, Henry Kellogg
Willard, who married Miss Helen Taylor; two grandsons, Henry Augus-
tus and William Bradley Willard, and one granddaughter, Sarah Kellogg
Willard.
JOHN BURNHAM 715
BuRNHAM Family — John Burnham
John Burnham was born March 16, 1816, the son of John Burnham,
who died in Florida May 3, 1S70, aged seventy-eight, and Rachel, nee
Rossiter, who died April 19, 1863, both of whom were natives of Connect-
icut. The handmade silver spoons of John Burnham, Senior, won him
a great reputation, and every newly married couple was expected to have
a half-dozen, made from six Spanish mill dollars. He devoted the last
part of his life to horticultural pursuits. He was a descendant of Thomas
Burnham, who emigrated from England and settled in Hartford, Connect-
icut, about 1640. Their children, John, Henry, Amelia, Amanda and
Edward B., were born in Brattleboro.
John's educational advantages, very limited in extent, were such as the
common schools of his native place would afford. He developed a
fondness for the reading' of philosophical works and kindred subjects,
but at an early age was obliged to abandon his studies and assist his father,
who was a worker in gold and silver, and also a brassfounder and copper-
smith. Three years he traveled through New Hampshire, Massachusetts
and Maine selling and fitting trusses. Going to Ellington, Connecticut,
he there engaged with Henry McGray in the pump business, and soon
began the sale of the now well-known "hydraulic ram." He continued in
this business until he was nearly thirty years of age, and during that time
found so many who wanted running water, where they had not fall enough
to use the ram, that his attention was diverted to the wind as a motive
power.
There was at that time no manufactory of small windmills in this coun-
try, and probably none in the world, the reason for which Mr. Burnham
divined to be the difficulty in producing a machine that could stand strong
winds, and he felt that if this difficulty could be obviated the success of
such a machine would be certain. Feeling that he had but limited abilities
as an inventor, he applied to Daniel Hallady, then conducting a small
machine shop in this village, and after several times calling his attention
to the subject, received from him the following reply : "I can invent a self-
regulating windmill that will be safe from all danger of destruction in
violent wind storms, but after I should get it made, I don't know of a
single man in the world who would want one."
Being assured by Burnham that he would find men who wanted them,
he began and soon produced a self-regulating windmill. The two now
united in the enterprise and soon organized a joint stock company in
South Coventry, Connecticut, with Mr. Hallady as superintendent and
Mr. Burnham as general agent. When the machine was first entered at a
'state fair for a premium, it had to be entered as a miscellaneous article,
716 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
as no such thing had ever been entered on a fair ground for a premium.
Since then they have become of almost universal use, while millions have
been invested in their manufacture.
In 1856 Mr. Burnham removed to Chicago, where he resided eight years.
He there made the acquaintance of John Van Nortwick, Esquire, a noted
western capitalist and railroad manager, who, after examining Mr. Hal-
lady's invention, induced some of his friends to join him in forming a
joint stock company, entitled "The United States Wind Engine and Pump
Company," with himself as president and general manager, Daniel Hal-
lady as superintendent and Mr. Burnham as general agent.
From the beginning of railroads, civil engineers deemed the tank house,
fuel and attendance, at water stations in northern climates, indispensable.
This became a serious objection to the use of the windmill, as large tanks
had to be provided to hold water sufficient to last through unusual calms ;
and to remove this objection, Mr. Burnham began experimenting, with a
view of producing a frost-proof tank. For some time he met only with
discouragement, as he could not induce a road to allow him to even try
his experiment, but he finally accomplished his purpose through a director
of one of the railroads, who was a stockholder in the windmill company.
Of four patents which he obtained, this last he considered by far the most
important.
Mr. Burnham attributed the success of his life not only to perseverance,
untiring industry and an extensive business acquaintance throughout
almost every state in the Union, but also to the superior mechanical and
financial abilities of the men with whom he was associated in business.
Mr. Burnham married, in 1846, Delia A. Damon, daughter of Reverend
David Damon, Unitarian clergyman of Arlington.
He died in Orange, California, March 20, 1S98.
Children: Julia, died at the age of ten years; William H.
Henry Burnham
Henry Burnham was born in 1818, married April 3, 1850, Caroline S.
Perkins, daughter of Ignatius Perkins of Colerain, Massachusetts, who
was born in 1839.
He early joined his father's firm of silversmiths and brassfounders, but
in the changes brought to the trades by the development of the times
Burnham & Sons gradually changed to brass founding, pump manufactur-
ing and plumbing. When his brother John went west, Henry took in as
partner Masa Willis, a son of John M. Willis of Colerain, who began his
active life in Hines & Newman's shop as an expert moulder in brass and
iron. He was also a man of special reading, and of knowledge of national
politics — an ardent Whig.
HENRY BURNHAM 717
Under a quiet, unassuming exterior, Mr. Burnham was possessed of a
strong and original mentality. He did not depend on his neighbors for a
sound philosophy of life, but listened modestly to their opinions, with a
humor and kindness of heart which could always be depended on. And
his knowledge was as varied as it was thorough. With a remarkably
retentive memory, his mind became a storehouse of fact and anecdote
pertaining to the history of Brattleboro, and he published in book form,
in 1880, "Brattleboro. Early History with Biographical Sketches of some
of its Citizens."
He was also a natural horticulturist. He made a terraced garden back
of his residence on jNIain Street, and grew there the finer fruits and grapes
that would have done credit to an Italian vineyard.
He died March 9, 1900. Mrs. Burnham died in 1909.
Children :
Emma, died November 9, 1862, aged eight.
Harry Perkins, died August 17, 1870, aged five.
Mary Hammond Burnham, married February 2-1, 1904, Doctor Albert
H. Moore. She is an accomplished musician and before her mar-
riage had for some years, from 1892, a music school in New York
City, and in Greenacre, Maine, 1896, in connection with Miss Farm-
er's summer work.
The elders of the Burnham family had minds of marked individuality
that moved forward with the progress of ideas as naturally and fearlessly
as if barriers and ruts had no existence for them. They were always in
the movement of their time. Ageless in this respect, they retained the
playfulness of youth with its flexibility, which was an animating influence
in the life of the community.
Edward Burnham
Edward Burnham spent his youth and early manhood in Brattleboro.
Having received the education afforded by the public schools, he entered
the employ of his brother Henry, with whom he continued for some time.
He then accepted the position of superintendent of the Hall & Bradley
Paint Works in Brooklyn, Long Island, leaving them to become a mem-
ber of the firm of Burnham, Hopkins & Bates in New York City. From
there he removed to St. Louis, where he carried on the manufacture of
white lead and paints. In 1875 he took up his residence in San Francisco,
California, and for more than twenty years was the chief manager of the
firm of Whittier & Fuller of that city.
May 8, 1867, he married Miss Mary Cornelia Page of New York, who
survived him. He left three children.
718 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
A sister of Mrs. Henry Burnham was Miss Sarah A. Perkins, who had
a very successful kindergarten school for five years, during the seventies,
in the old Unitarian church building (Wells Hall). She married Novem-
ber 3, 1881, Lucius Bradley, born in New Haven in 1836. He went to
Massillon, Ohio ; later he was of the bag manufacturing firm of William
B. Asten & Company of New York, afterwards Bradley, Kurtz & Com-
pany. He died May 38, 1896.
Others of that generation were :
Margaret M., sister of Henry Burnham, who died February 38, 1912.
"To the old-time delightful social life Miss Margaret Burnham contributed
her full share. She was gifted with a bright mind, a retentive memory
and an attractive personality, and her genial spirit endeared her to a wide
circle of friends, especially to those of the Unitarian Church, of which
she was an active, earnest and always helpful member."
Amelia S., born 1830 ; died May 26, 1893.
Amanda S., born in December, 1831 ; married February 38, 1850, Lewis
B. Atwater of New Haven. He died in 1857 and she lived with her un-
married sister, jMiss Margaret Burnham. She died November 13, 1890.
Her son, Otis E., was a graduate of Yale College, 1879. He died in 1897.
Larkin G. Mead, Junior
Tpie Snow Angel
Larkin G. Mead, Junior, was born January 3, 1835, in Chesterfield, New
Hampshire, and moved with his parents to Brattleboro in 1839. As a boy
he was modest, retiring and bashful in the extreme. He early displayed,
however, a taste for art, and frequently made drawings of natural and
other objects, sometimes trying his hand at sculpture. A pig cut in marble
attracted the attention of an artist who was stopping at the Water-Cure.
In accordance with the advice of this gentleman, the young artist, less than
nineteen years of age, left the store of Messrs. Williston & Tyler, hard-
ware merchants, where he had been clerk, and entered the studio of Henry
K. Brown of Brooklyn, New York, where he soon began to develop
rapidly. He remained with Mr. Erown about two years and returned to
Brattleboro in 1856. His studio was in the old Town Hall building, where
he had a drawing school. It was in December, 1856, the last night of the
old year, that he gave evidence of his progress in art by constructing an
image of snow, a "Recording Angel," closing the record of the year, and
located the figure at the junction of North Main and Linden Streets.
Here, close by what was then the old John Burnham foundry, Mead and
his companions labored for hours, in a snowdrift, that last bitterly cold
night of the dying year. Mead's friends were Edward and Henry Burn-
THE SNOW ANGEL
lAKKlN G. MEAD, JR.
JOHN BURKHAMS SHOP
WILLIAM RUTHERFURD MEAD
v;XLLS FOUrJTAIN DESIGNED BY W. R. MEAD
THE SNOW ANGEL— LARKIN G. MEAD, JUNIOR 719
ham, and while Henry kept a hot fire burning in the old foundry, his
brother Edward assisted Mead in moulding the image. Occasional trips
indoors and a seat by the blazing fire enabled them to render more plastic
the expressive portion of the figure, and joining these to the rough figure
outdoors, the hands and fingers of the youthful genius kneaded and
moulded them until they hardened, and his assistant occasionally poured
on water, which almost instantly froze and finally gave the whole an
almost adamantine covering.
New Year's day dawned bright and clear, and not long after the sun
cast its dazzling rays over the mountains, the inhabitants of the village
discovered "The Snow Angel," in the prismatic glow of the morning sun's
reflection. The early risers and pedestrians about town were amazed,
when they drew near, to see what appeared at a distance like a school-
boy's work turned to a statue of such exquisite contour and grace of
form, with such delicate mouldings and dimplings in detail as to suggest
the use of a chisel, and that only in a master hand. There was a serious
face, rounded arms, neck and bust and waving drapery. It was a noble
conception ; the young sculptor had evidently endeavored to embody the
serious thought which visits us while we look backward and forward from
the line which separates a dawning and a dying year. The passing school-
boy was awed for once, as he viewed the result of adept handling of the
elements with which he was so roughly familiar, and the thought of
snowballing so beautiful an object could never have dwelt in his mind.
It is related that the village simpleton was frightened and ran away, and
one eccentric citizen, who rarely deigned to bow to his fellow men, or
women either, lifted his hat in respect after he had gazed a moment upon
Mead's work.
Another report from The Vermont Pha-nix was:
The denizens of "Toad Hill" in our village were agreeably surprised,
when coming down from breakfast Tuesday morning to find a beautiful
statue at the forks of the roads opposite the schoolhouse. It was about
eight feet in height and represented the Recording Angel that may be
supposed to wait upon Time, making up her record at the close of the
year. In her right hand was a style, while in her left she held the tablet
on which the events were noted. It was modeled in snow the previous
evening by Larkin G. Mead, and in a manner which was of itself sufficient
evidence of his superior claims as an artist. It was visited by hundreds
of people all of whom were more than pleased at this novel specimen of
home talent.
720 ANNALS OF BILA.TTLEBORO
Protected by the cold weather and the respect generally accorded to
genius, the image stood on the street until the usual "January thaw" set
in, to which it naturally succumbed. During a fortnight, however, many
people came from surrounding towns and some from distant cities to visit
it. The Nezv York Tribune and The Springfield Republican had interest-
ing descriptions of the twice seven days' wonder, and the exploit was con-
sidered worthy of notice even in the newspapers of foreign lands. One
of the city papers said of it : "As a first work — the genius to conceive and
the art to express the spirit of the recording angel — this is a success. The
record of the year is made up, is finished, and the angel seems lost in
meditation."
Soon after this Mr. Mead received several commissions: one from
Nicholas Longworth, Esquire, of Cincinnati, for a duplicate in marble
of the snow image and one from Richards Bradley for a marble bust of
his grandfather. Honorable William C. Bradley. A full-length, colossal
statue of Ethan Allen was made by him for the state of Vermont in 1860,
and is now in the state house at Montpelier. In this he was assisted by
Signor Gagliardi, an Italian marble cutter living in Brattleboro. In the
summer of 1859 a plaster model of the statue of Ethan Allen stood where
the "Recording Angel" was made, corner of Main and Linden Streets.
Two statuettes, "The Green Mountain Boy" and "The Green ]\Iountain
Girl," were made in his Town Hall studio in 1869, and an advertisement in
one of the village newspapers that year was as follows : "Tom Brown's
School Days at Rugby, illustrated by Larkin G. Mead, Junior, — for sale
at Felton's Book Store."
When the Civil War broke out Mead went to the front for six months
as an artist for Harper's Weekly, receiving forty dollars a week, and while
making a drawing of a southern fort for the government barely escaped
with his life, being within range of a sharpshooter, who spied him and
sent a ball whizzing past his ear.
After his Civil War experience Mead went to Italy and received a cor-
dial welcome from the sculptor, Hiram Powers, also a Vermonter. For
a long time he lived in Venice as an attache of the American consulate,
the consul being W. D. Howells, who married his sister Elinor. How
the brilliant, artistic and aristocratic Elinor Mead crossed the seas with
her brother Larkin to marry the poor young author who could not afford
to make the voyage to her, has been one of the romances which her con-
temporaries in Brattleboro have liked to relate to their children. Many
of Howells's vivacious, capricious girl heroines of his earlier novels have
been recognized as drawn from the Mead sisters. But his permanent
home was made in Florence, where his studio was in the Via degli Artisti.
LARKIN G. MEAD, JUNIOR 721
For more than half a century he was a well-known figure in 'that city with
a wide acquaintance among the distinguished people of the time.
The story of Mead's marriage was romantic enough to match his excep-
tional career. While left in charge of the United States consulate at
Venice during the wedding trip of Mr. Howells to America, the young
sculptor saw in the piazza of San Marco a beautiful Italian girl with
whom he fell in love at first sight, without knowing who she was. Mr.
Howells, while in America, accepted an editorial position on The Atlantic
Monthly, and a new consul was appointed. Mead returned to Florence,
where he had for some time been living, but he could not forget the
beautiful young Venetian, and returned to search for her. Through the
services of the new consul a meeting was arranged, and the young woman
was found to be all that could be asked, in family and in culture. Neither,
so the story goes, could speak a word of the other's language, so that the
love-making had to be carried on through an interpreter, which was
unusual considering Mead's somewhat extended residence in Italy, but it
is certain that the beautiful Marietta di Benvenuti had no -EngHsh. She
was almost as prompt as her admirer to fall in love, and a civil marriage
was arranged, the religious ceremony being impossible because the bride
was a Roman Catholic and Mr. Mead a Protestant. The Pope was
appealed to in vain for a dispensation in their favor. The marriage was
celebrated February 26, 1866, and in March he brought his beautiful
Italian bride to Vermont on a visit to his parents.
While in this country there was an exhibition of his work in New York,
H. K. Brown, William Cullen Bryant and H. W. Beecher, committee. A
bust of General George McClellan was executed by him in 1862. But the
first work of importance was a group, "The Returned Soldiers," of the
date 1866. The next works of any magnitude were "Columbus's Last
Appeal to Queen Isabella"; among other groups were "Cavalry," "Infan-
try," "Artillery," "Navy," the allegorical and ideal pieces "Venice,"
"Sappho," "Echo" and "The Mississippi." St. Johnsbury ordered a
statue of "America" for its soldiers' monument, and for Springfield,
Illinois, he executed a statue of Lincoln. In 1868 he was again at home,
and obtained the order for the Lincoln monument at Springfield, Illinois,
which was unveiled in a partial state of completion October 15, 1874.
In 1879 he was appointed to a professorslyp in the Academy of Fine
Arts of Florence.
Among Mead's works not already referred to may be noted "The Re-
turn of Proserpine from the Realms of Pluto," which stood over the main
entrance to the agricultural building at the Chicago Exposition of 1893,
a large group representing the Stanford family for Leland Stanford,
723 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Junior, University, "La Contadinella," and high rehef busts of Henry
James, W. D. Howells and John Hay. He died in 1910.
His last visit to Brattleboro, the first in thirty years, was made in 1907.
A long life in a foreign country and contact with men and women of
various nationalities never lessened Larkin Mead's attachment to the
place of his birth. The same characteristic loyalty was expressed in his
personality: he was always a native of New England.
WlLLI.\M RUTHERFURD MeAD
McKiM, Mead & White
William Rutherfurd Mead was born August 20, 1846. He prepared
for college at the Brattleboro High School, and entered Norwich Univer-
sity in 1861, graduating in 1864. He graduated from Amherst College
in 1867 and received LL.D. from that institution in 1902 and A.B. from
Norwich University in 1910. In 1863 he was appointed state drillmaster.
Company B, Fourteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, and drilled and
instructed this company at Walpole and Concord.
He studied architecture with Russell Sturgis and studied in Europe,
1868-1871. In 1872 he began the practice of his profession in New York,
with Charles F. McKim. In 1874 he formed a partnership with McKim
and William B. Bigelow, under the name McKim, Mead & Bigelow. From
1879 he was one of the firm of McKim, Mead & White of New York. He
married November 13, 1883, Olga Kilyeni, daughter of Mor Kilyeni, M.D.
He has been president of the Amherst Alumni Association of New
York since 1899.
He is president of the New York chapter of the American Institute
of Architects; a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters;
and associate member of the National Academy of Design.
The work of McKim, Mead & White has been remarkable for variety,
embracing as it does cottages at Newport and Lenox and many other
summer resorts; the Boston Public Library; Madison Square Garden,
New York City; the New York Life Insurance Company's buildings in
Omaha and Kansas City ; the Tiffany house in Madison Avenue, New
York City ; St. Paul's Church, Stockbridge, Massachusetts ; St. Peter's
Church, Morristown, New Jersey; the American Safe Deposit Company's
buildings. New York City ; the casinos at Newport and Narragansett Pier ;
the Music Hall at Short Hills, New Jersey ; the Goelet building at Twenti-
eth Street and Broadway, New York City ; the Algonquin Club house 'of
Boston ; the Freundschaft Club house of New York ; the Columbia Uni-
versity buildings; the state capitol of Rhode Island; the Brooklyn Insti-
WILLIAM MORRIS HUNT 723
tute of Arts and Sciences; the Walker Art Gallery of Bowdoin College;
the building of the Department of Agriculture at Harvard ; the Music
Hall at Boston ; the Agricultural Building and the New York State build-
ings at the World's Columbian Exposition; the University and Harvard
clubs' houses and the Century Association of New York; the Library and
Hall of Fame of New York University; also the University of Virginia,
Knickerbocker Trust Company, National City Bank, Tiffany Building,
Gorham Building, Bellevue Hospital, Pennsylvania station. New York
City, etc.
Mr. Mead is president of the American Academy at Rome.
William Morris Hunt
William Morris Hunt was born March 23, 1824, and was a pupil
in Miss Amelia S. Tyler's School, where he said he learned his first
lesson in art by making a patchwork quilt. In 1832, the year of his
father's death, the family left the Brattleboro homestead and removed
to New Haven, for the sake of the superior schools in the latter city.
When about ten years old William evinced a decided taste for drawing,
and he received his first lessons in the art from an Italian, then resi-
dent in New Haven, Signer Gambadella, who had fled from Italy during
the troublous times of Silvio Pellico. Under his instruction the youthful
artist copied several crayon subjects, one of which, a head of Jennie
Deans, was preserved by his sister. Miss Jane Hunt. When about a
dozen years of age Mr. Hunt's artistic ambition manifested itself in the
direction of sculpture, and he began to cut heads out of marbles, and also
out of a hard, yellowish substance obtained from the bleaching vats at
Lowell. In this latter material he often attempted portraits of his friends.
This talent was cultivated even after he went abroad to prosecute his
studies, and at Elmsholme, the country seat of his brother Leavitt, there
is a life-size portrait bust of his mother which W^illiam executed in Paris.
The winter and spring of 1843-1844 were spent in Rome, where he
applied himself to the study of drawing and sculpture. During the sum-
mer he traveled through Switzerland on horseback, visited Paris and
many places of interest in Englaiid, and in the spring of 1845 went to
Athens and Constantinople. In 1845 he entered the Art Academy of
Diisseldorf, where he devoted himself exclu^-ely to anatomy and draw-
ing, but not liking the style of this school, he did not join the class in
painting. While in Diisseldorf he lived in the family of Leutze, the artist,
and held most friendly relations with Lessing, Sohn, Schroedter and other
notable men of that school.
Though he had most agreeable friends there, he determined to go to
724 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Paris, where he soon chanced to see a picture by Couture, "The Falconer,"
which made such an impression on the young artist that he entered Cou-
ture's atelier and very soon became the cleverest painter of the class. But
the power and sincerity of the work of Jean Frangois Millet took posses-
sion of him as no living artist had yet done. He came to know Millet,
bought many of his pictures at a time when the great artist needed help
and encouragement and always remained his friend.
Returning to America in 1856, he married Louise Dumaresq, daughter
of Thomas Handasyd Perkins of Boston, and passed a year in Brattleboro.
He leased the old Hunt house and a room in the Town Hall opposite for a
studio ; here he finished "The Violet Girl," begim by him in Europe, and
thence went to reside in Newport, Rhode Island, spending, however, the
winter of 1857-1858 with friends in the Azores.
In Newport he influenced, among others, the work of John La Farge,
then a very young man. Later Hunt went to Boston and at first took a
studio in Roxbury, and still later engaged an atelier in the Commercial
building in Boston and began his long Boston career. He exercised much
influence in shaping American art by leading students to study new art
work as practiced in Paris,, and by introducing here more clear percep-
tions of the principles of art. Among his portraits, those of Chief Justice
Shaw, Charles Sumner, William M. Evarts and Mrs. Charles Francis
Adams may be named; of his landscapes, -"Gloucester Harbor"; single
figures treated with breadth and vigor, "The Drummer Boy," "Fortune-
teller," "The Bathers," "Marguerite."
The "Return of the Prodigal Son," which was bequeathed to the
Brooks Library, Brattleboro, by his sister, Miss Jane Hunt, was painted
in Paris in the studio which Hunt occupied conjointly with Thomas Cou-
ture, and for impressiveness and vigor of treatment is, perhaps, the strong-
est example extant of the artist's early method, as it unquestionably is the
most important work of that period.
The feeling in New York as well as Boston was so strong against him
that when his "Prodigal Son" was first exhibited it was condemned by
almost everj'one, and his mother, to prevent his being utterly discouraged,
bought the picture and hid it away in Brattleboro, declaring that nobody
should ever see it so long as she lived.
When his brother, Colonel Leavitt^Hunt, was in Frankfort-on-the-
Main, in 1846, he was impressed with the idea that the Eg>-ptian moon-
goddess, Anahita, would be available as the literary companion of Guido's
"Aurora," and, having suggested the idea to his brother William, he was
requested to write out full descriptive lines which follow :
WILLIAM MORRIS HUNT . 735
ANAHITA
Enthroned upon her car of light, the moon
Is circling down the lofty heights of heaven;
Her well-trained coursers wedge the blindest depths
With fearful plunge, yet heed the steady hand
That guides their lonely way. So swift her course,
So bright her smile, she seems on silver wings,
O'er-reaching space, to glide the airy main ;
Behind, far-flowing, spreads her deep blue veil,
Inwrought with stars that shimmer in its wave.
Before the car an owl, gloom-sighted, flaps
His weary way, with melancholy hoot
Dispelling spectral shades that flee
With bat-like rush, affrighted, back
Within the blackest nooks of caverned Night.
Still Hours of darkness went around the car,
By raven tresses half concealed ; but one.
With fairer locks, seems lingering back for Day.
Yet all with even measured footsteps mark
Her onward course. And floating in her train
Repose lies nestled on the breast of Sleep,
While soft Desires enclasp the waists of Dreams,
And light-winged Fancies flit around in troops.
These graphic lines were the source and guide of the painter's inspira-
tion when he first attempted the composition called "The Flight of Night,"
which formed one of the mural paintings in the capitol at Albany, and
they are in several points of detail an admirable description of that mag-
nificent work.
Mr. Hunt was drowned September 9, 1879, at the Isles of Shoals, off
Portsmouth, New Hampshire. In compliance with an oft-expressed de-
sire, he was buried in Brattleboro, Vermont, where funeral services were
held in the Unitarian Church.
Children : .
Mabel C, married September 17, 1891, It&ratio Nelson Slater. Chil-
dren : Horace N. ; Paul ; Esther, married B. Sumner Welles ; Ray
Morris Hunt, died in 1916.
Enid, married Samuel Slater.
Elinor M., married Diedrich. Children : Hunt Diedrich, a sculptor
of distinction.
L
726 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In the fall of 1879, a loan exhibition of many of Mr. Hunt's paintings
and charcoal drawings opened at the Boston Art Museum and was visited
by sixty thousand persons.
Considered apart from his artistic achievements, he was one of the
most notable men of his time. The seal of a richly endowed nature was
as plainly stamped upon his physiognomy as it is plainly wanting in the-
majority of mankind, and the personal resemblance he was said to bear
to portraits of Da Vinci is only a fresh illustration of the theory of Scho-
penhauer, that men of genius throughout the world possess a family like-
ness. A marked dramatic element in his composition, united with great
vivacity, sympathy and delicacy, allied him closely to the Gallic type, and
in many ways seemed to belie his Anglo-Saxon origin. Unlike most of us,
who assert our nationality by a perverse inability to rest content with light,
passing interests, with "half-happiness in small things," he knew how to
make joys out of trifles, how to put away care in the fleeting sunshine of
the moment, and to find the keenest pleasure in the bright colors of a
soap-bubble.
An appreciative critic has said : "He was a beautiful example of what
the American nature can come to when it is filled with sweetness and light.
He had — what some Americans lack — a richness of blood, a passion of
spirit which seems frozen out of many of us by the modern cold-storage
condition in which we live. He was thoroughly American. His sayings
are racy of the soil. But that acridity, sourness, crudeness which herald
themselves in the national voice, seemed burned out of him by the fire
of passion for art and life."
His art-talks, as reported by Helen M. Knowlton, reveal something of
the quality of his individuality.
William Morris Hunt is the only native of Vermont whose name is in
the Hall of Fame, New York City.
A bas-relief of his grandmother, Mrs. Thaddeus Leavitt, made by Wil-
liam Morris Hunt, is now in the possession of her great-granddaughter,
Elizabeth Leavitt (Mrs. Daniel) Calder, formerly of Brattleboro.
Richard Morris Hunt
Richard Morris Hunt was born October 31, 1828 ; he was educated with
his brothers in this country until 1843, when the family went to Europe
and he began the study of architecture with Samuel Darier at Geneva;
later he entered the School of Fine Arts in Paris, and became the pupil
of Hector Lefuel. He also traveled extensively over Europe and as far
as Asia Minor and Egypt, and on his return to Paris in 1854 was appointed
RICHARD MORRIS HUNT 727
by the government inspecteur des travaux, immediately directing his
energies to the construction of the buildings uniting the Tuileries with the
Louvre, and was also placed by Lefuel in charge of the library pavilion,
Pavilion de la Bibliotheque. His European experience was unique in the
annals of American architecture.
He returned to the United States in 1855, and immediately engaged in
assisting Thomas U. Walter in preparing plans for the completion of the
capitol at Washington.
In New York he became leader of the Guild of Architects, had a class
of architectural students, held a prominent place in the foundation of the
American Institute of Architecture, was president of the Institute, mem-
ber of the Architectural League and many other kindred associations, and
was one of three foreign architects belonging to the Academy St. Luke,
an ancient Italian society.
He was a member of the Jury of Fine Arts for the Paris Exposition of
1867 ; in 1882 he was made Knight of the Legion of Honor ; was a member
of the Central Society of French Architects and the Society of Architects
and Engineers of Vienna, and a member of the Royal Institute of British
Architects.
In 1893 he received the Queen's gold medal, presented to the one who
had done most for the advancement of the history or practice of archi-
tecture.
He built the Administration Building of the Columbian World's Fair
at Chicago, which brought him the gold medal of tlie Royal Institute of
British Architects, which is regarded as one of the chief prizes of archi-
tectural merit in the world; the Lenox Library; the first buildings of the
Presbyterian Hospital ; W. K. Vanderbilt's houses in New York and New-
port ; the United States Academy building and gymnasium at West Point ;
the Naval Observatory, Washington; the New York Tribune building;
Honorable Levi P. Morton's house, Rhinecliff , New York ; Coal and Iron
Exchange, New York ; Yorktown Monument ; mausoleum of W. H. Van-
derbilt ; pedestal for the Statue of Liberty ; Fogg Museum of Fine Arts,
Harvard College; the chateau of George W. Vanderbilt at Biltmore,
North Carolina; W. K. Vanderbilt's house. Central Park entrance, etc.
He was Associate of the Academic des Beaux-Arts, Chevalier de la Legion
d'Honneur, associate member of institute de France, president of the
American Institute of Architects.
He received the degree of LL.D. at Harvard College in 1892.
Mr. Hunt died in 1895.
He married Miss Catherine C. Howland. Children : Richard Howland,
married, first, Miss Pearl Carley, second, Miss Margaret Livingston
mS ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Watrous ; Catherine Howland, married Livingston Hunt, who was minis-
ter to Russia ; Esther, married Woolsey ; Joseph Howland, married
Miss Mazie N. La Shelle ; Herbert L.
Colonel Leavitt Hunt
Colonel Leavitt Hunt, born February 22, 1830, was educated at a mili-
tary school in Switzerland, and there laid the foundation of his proficiency
in philology — for Colonel Hunt was thoroughly versed in half a score of
languages and was offered a professorship at Princeton College. After
leaving Switzerland he traveled extensively, going to Egypt in 1850, where
he photographed the ruins of that region, together with those of Nubia,
Petra' and Baalbec. His photographs were the first ever taken in those
countries, and when he returned with them to Europe they formed the
subject of many interesting interviews between their possessor and Baron
von Humboldt and Professor Lepsius, the famous Orientalist. They
were shown to the emperor by Humboldt, and that potentate was so
pleased with them that he would have decorated Colonel Hunt, could the
latter have accepted such a mark of royal favor. He was traveling abroad
on a prolonged wedding tour when the Civil War broke out and on his
return home he was commissioned a colonel in the adjutant general's de-
partment, serving both with the army in Virginia and in the bureau at
Washington. His hospitable mansion at the capital was open to, among
other habitues, the prominent members of the diplomatic corps,' several
of whom had formed the acquaintance of their host in their native
countries.
He married July 11, 1860, Miss Katherine L. Jarvis. The father of Mrs.
Hunt was known as Consul Jarvis,^ he having been consul-general and
charge d'affaires at Lisbon in the beginning of the eighteenth century.
He purchased the estate known as Weathersfield Bow,^ on the Connect-
icut, in the Vermont town of Weathersfield, as a desirable place for the
reception of the merino flocks which he had secured in the Spanish Junta.
These merinos, with their native shepherds and dogs, were the first of any
account imported into this country, as previously the exporters of those
sheep from Spain were punished by death. Consul Jarvis also imported
the first herd of Holstein cattle ever brought to the United States, and
in Colonel Hunt's spacious stables could be seen the black-and-white pure-
blooded descendants of the-o«ginal herd, together with descendants of
thoroughbred English horses and Arab ponies, imported by Consul Jarvis
more than a century ago. This enterprising gentleman also brought the
first tomatoes from Spain to the New World, and seed from the product
1 Consul Jarvis was the father of Mrs. Hampden Cutts of Brattleboro.
2 From Francis Goodhue when the latter removed to Brattleboro in 1811.
^
WILLIAM C. BRADLEY, II 729
of his vines was gradually distributed throughout the country. The intro-
duction of the strange plant in St. Albans is remembered by a former
generation, where it was cultivated some time for purely ornamental pur-
poses, and went by the strangely sentimental name of "love plant."
The house and grounds are situated on a strip of level meadow, in
full view of Mt. Ascutney. Here William Hunt spent the last summer
of his life. Its numerous attached offices are supplemented by half a
score of detached buildings within a radius of one hundred rods, so that
the general appearance is not unlike that of a fine English manor house —
for which reason, doubtless, Consul Jarvis was not uncommonly desig-
nated the "Last of the Barons." Its interior has been so replete with
artistic treasures that — to apply Steele's observation upon Lady Elizabeth
Hastings — an acquaintance therewith is a liberal education. Of William
Hunt's paintings there were at least a dozen, one of the most important,
until it was removed to Brattleboro, being the "Return of the Prodigal
Son." Besides this picture, there hung for many years in the lower hall
nine family portraits by Hunt and Harding. In the parlors is a full-
length portrait of WilHam M. Hunt, painted by Leutze (Diisseldorf) in
1864. The figure is in the costume of Francis I — large lace collar, velvet
mantle, slashed sleeves, sword, etc., — and is a very good likeness of the
subject at the time it was executed, as is shown by a daguerreotype taken
in Paris the following year. It was in Diisseldorf that Lessing took Mr.
Hunt for the model of his portrait of John Huss.
In one room are two of the most delicate and highly finished portraits
of children, in pencil by Hunt.
Mrs. Hunt died in 1916.
Children of Colonel Leavitt and Katherine Jarvis Hunt:
Clyde du Vernet, major in the United States Army, has shown unusual
constructive ability in the Philippines ; he was chosen to carry the
message to Garcia; married Miss Louise Piatt Dickey.
Jarvis, architect, living in Chicago; married Miss Louise Coleman.
Maud Dacre, married October 11, 1917, Reverend William Reid Patter-
son.
Nino K., married, first, Francis B. Hayes ; married, second, H. S.
Taintor.
Leavitt J., lawyer, living in New York, married Miss Virginia Sowers
Redfield.
Bradley Fam«:y (continued)
William C. Bradley, II, oldest son of Honorable Jonathan Dorr
Bradley, graduated at Harvard College in 1851, and wrote the class poem.
He entered the Harvard Divinity School, but his health became seriously
730 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
impaired and he was never able to follow his chosen profession. The
death of his roommate, John N. Mead, eldest son of Larkin G. Mead, was
the final cause of Mr. Bradley's nervous breakdown. As his health grad-
ually strengthened, he occupied himself with books and literary pursuits,
acted as tutor to young men fitting for college, and for a time taught
Latin and Greek in the High School.
He v.'as appointed librarian of the Brooks Library in 1887, and held
the position fifteen years, retiring on account of increasing infirmities.
He had an extensive knowledge of books and a remarkable memory. To
the misfortune of gradually growing deafness there was added that of
failing eyesight, and for the last one and a half years of his life he was
entirely blind, an afBiction which he accepted with patience and cheerful-
ness. He died May 2, 1908.
He had a beautiful and gentle nature. A considerable number of his
poems and verses are of genuine merit.
RiCH.\RDS Bradley
Richards Bradley was born in a house on the site of the Town Hall.
For a brief time in early life, he engaged in a mercantile enterprise in
New York, but on his marriage, April 9, 1856, to Sarah A. W. Merry,
daughter of Robert D. C. and Sarah Ann Williams Merry of Boston, who
was born January 26, 183-1, and who had inherited a large fortune, he
retired to the life of a country gentleman which was congenial to his
tastes, as he had no liking for public life. In 1876-1878, however, he
consented to be on the staff of General Horace Fairbanks.
The West River and Rice farms were added to their extensive and
beautiful residence property in the northern part of the village, and to the
management and development of these farms Mr. Bradley gave his per-
sonal attention. He succeeded his father as trustee of the Asylum for
the Insane and for many years took an active oversight of that institu-
tion's farm.
For a number of years Mr. and Mrs. Bradley owned and occupied a
winter residence on Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, but the last five or
six years, on account of Mr. Bradley's health, they spent the entire year in
Brattleboro on the place which had been built up from a pasture by their
long superintendence and where associations with their children lingered.
Mr. Bradley possessed a most genial and winning personality. A
mellow nature was his, and to a preeminent degree. The native wit of
his Bradley inheritance added-to his other delightful mental and social
qualities. He died October 1, 1904; Mrs. Bradley died December 13,
1914.
RESIDENCE OF GEORGE W. FOLSOM
FOLSOM HOUSE
RESIDENCE OF JUDGE CHARLES ROYALL TYLER
TERRACE STREET
RICHARDS BRADLEY _ 731
Children :
Richards, born February 10, ISGl, was a student at St. Paul's, Concord,
and graduated from Harvard College in 1882; was at the Harvard
Law School one year. He was for ten years of the firm of Bradley &
Storer (John H.), now Bradley & Tyson, Boston and Chicago, in
real estate.
He married, March 29, 1891, Amy Owen, daughter of Honorable
Asa Owen Aldis, who was born in 186-1 and died December 15, 1918,
in Boston. Children : Amy Owen ; Helen Aldis ; Walter, died March
18, 1901, aged five years; Sarah Merry; Mary Townsend; Edith
Richards ; Ruth, died at one year.
Before her marriage, Mrs. Bradley for two or three years studied
sculpture in Paris. She was interested and active in a great many
departments of the life of the city in which she lived, notably the
Women's Municipal League, of whose executive board she was a
member. Friends wrote to The Boston Transcript at the time of
her death :
It were as easy to appraise the perfume of a rose as to specify the
gifts of heart and mind that blended in the charming personality of
this rare woman. Well born and well bred, alert and discriminating,
spontaneous and responsive, she will remain to those fortunate
enough to enjoy her friendship the embodiment of a refined excel-
lence. Her home was delightful, her hospitality unfailing, yet she
gave herself willingly and helpfully to a series of organized move-
ments for civic and social betterment, vitalized them by her enthu-
siasm and guided them with sagacity. Her domestic virtues, her
public spirit, her natural and her cultivated tastes, above all, her
generous sympathies, made of her all-too-short life a poem set to
wonderful music.
In 1901 Mr. Bradley was appointed trustee of the Thomas Thomp-
son Trust. Under his administration :
The Brattleboro Memorial Hospital (memorial to Thomas and
Elizabeth Thompson) has been. built and maintained.
The Mutual Aid Association (the pioneer of the Visiting Nurses
or Household Nursing Association) has been established, with spe-
cially trained public health, maternity, and child welfare nurses, hold-
ing clinics for babies ; the Thompson Scliool for Attendants.
A Public School nurse has been introduced.
A Camp for tuberculosis patients has been followed by an Associa-
tion for the care of tuberculosis patients in their own homes.
Assistance has been given each vear to the Kindergarten.
732 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Four hundred and fifty-eight sewing women and other women
wage-earners have received direct aid.
A Vacation House for Sewing Women has been purchased, fur-
nished and carried on.
An Emergency Hospital was organized and conducted during the
influenza epidemic of 1918-1919.
Susan, married February 13, 1890, Richards Bradley Grinnell of New
York.
J. Dorr, born February 10, 186-1; graduated from Harvard College. In
1886 he married Miss Frances Kales of Chicago. He was of the firm
of Aldis & Company, now Bradley & Tyson, Chicago. Children :
Alice Pritchard; Elinore Pritchard.
Emily, married June 30, 1877, Doctor William F., son of Doctor Wil-
liam P. Wesselhoeft of Boston. Children : Margetta, married Doctor
George H. Bigelow ; Susan, married Renouf Russell ; Alice, married
Leverett Saltonstall; Emily.
Sarah M., married June 17, 1891, Russell Tyson of Chicago. _
Walter W-, born August 24, 1870 ; died September 17, 1880.
Stephen Rowe Bradley, H
Stephen Rowe Bradley, H, began his business career as clerk in the
Putnam Manufacturing Company, Fitchburg; later he was with Jones,
Pratt & Christie, wholesale grocers, Boston. He was finally of the firm
of Hall, Bradley & Company (George C, Addison B. and John L. Hall
of Brattleboro), extensive manufacturers of white lead. He married
Miss Augusta Tremaine, born January 2-1, 1848, and died August 7, 1905.
He died August 6, 1910. Children : May ; William C, married Miss Isabel
Galloway; Augusta, married George Lewis Chapman; Stephen Rowe.
Arthur C. Bradley
Arthur C. Bradley prepared for college at the Burnside Military
School, Brattleboro, graduated from Amherst in 1876 and from the
Columbia Law School. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from
Amherst College and the LL.B. degree from Columbia University in 1872.
Mr. Bradley became famous by discovering a quick process for the
manufacture of white lead and litharge. He married at Newport, New
Hampshire, April 12, 1881, Miss Lticy E. Nettleton. He died November
2, 1911. She died in 1919. They lived at Newport for many years, but
he was very widely known for his scientific attainments, and in his native
town and state for his generous nature. He was a life member of the
London Society of Psychological Research, of the American Association
REV. GEORGE LEON WALKER 733
for the Advancement of Science and of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and
Sciences; fellow of the American Geographical Society, Boston Society
of Natural History, Bibliophile Society, New Hampshire Historical So-
ciety; a Son of the American Revolution; member of the University Club,
New York City ; member of St. Augustine order of Elks and of the
Entomological Society of Ontario.
Reverend Doctor George Leon Walker
Doctor Walker was eighth in descent from Richard Walker, who set-
tled at Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1630, fought in the early Indian wars,
and was a member both of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company
of London and of its Boston namesake. His great-grandfather, Phineas,
of Woodstock, Connecticut, was a soldier in the old French and Revolu-
tionary wars. His grandfather, Leonard, like many another son of
Connecticut, emigrated to \'ermont just as the eighteeenth century came
to a close, and settled at Stratford. His father, Charles, born in 1791,
before the emigrant left the Woodstock home, graduated at Andover
Theological Seminary in 1S31, received honorary A.M. from the Univer-
sity of Vermont in 1823, from Middlebury and Dartmouth in 1825, and
D.D. from the University of Vermont in 1847. He was trustee of Middle-
bury College from 1837. He married Lucretia Ambrose, daughter of
Stephen Ambrose of Concord, New Hampshire, a woman of unusual
talents, whom her son George was markedly to resemble in character and
features, who died December 3, 1883, in Pittsford.
Their first child, Anne Ambrose, born in 1825, was a woman of remark-
able intellectual and artistic endowment. She married, 1854, Reverend
George N. Boardman, D.D., LL.D., who was born in Pittsford, Ver-
mont, December 25, 1825, son of Deacon Samuel Boardman, a man widely
known in western Vermont for pronounced views against war and in
favor of peace. In memory of his father Doctor and Mrs. Boardman
founded the Deacon Boardman peace prize in Middlebury College. Upon
graduation from Middlebury he was chosen tutor; after a course at An-
dover he returned to Middlebury as professor of rhetoric and English
literature from 1853 to 1859 ; then spent eleven years as pastor of the
First Presbyterian Church at Binghamton, New York. For the next
twenty-two years he was professor of systematic theology in Chicago
Theological Seminary, and in this position he achieved national promi-
nence. ^^
He was the author of many books and articles, among which perhaps
the best known is "A History of New England Theology." It was as a
representative of the theology of New England that Doctor Boardman
was distinguished. He received the degree of D.D. from the University
734 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of Vermont in 1867, LL.D. from Lafayette College in 1889, and Lit.D.
from Middlebury College in 1910.
Mrs. Boardman died January 2, 1914, in her eighty-eighth year.
The Reverend Charles Walker was settled at Rutland in the first pas-
torate of a ministry conspicuous for more than half a century in Vermont,
and here George Leon was born April 30, 1830. The changes frequently
incident to ministerial service led the father to Brattleboro, where he
was installed pastor of the Centre Church January 1, 1835. George was
then four years old, and this town in which he was to live till his seven-
teenth year was always dear to him as his boyhood home. The early
education of the boy was in the schools of Brattleboro, and he was accus-
tomed in later life to recall with pleasure the inspiration he drew from
the teaching of a young head of the village High School, afterwards emi-
nent as a librarian of the Boston Public Library, the Honorable Mellen
Chamberlain. But the boy's home, with its intellectual and earnest parents
and its four keen-minded children — two brothers and a sister — was the
most fruitful early influence that came to him. In a published letter he
paid this tribute to his own early associations : "Was not the atmosphere
of my own youthful home, — that of an underpaid minister's family, — one
which took its coloring from the brightest and most beautiful which
ancient and modern letters had to show ?" A pastorate of twelve years'
duration at Brattleboro was followed by the removal of the father to
Pittsford (see p. 353), which henceforth became the family residence.
It was the boy's ambition to go to college ; but even before leaving Brat-
tleboro a spinal curvature from which he was to suffer all his days had-
developed, and his prospect of life seemed so precarious that the college
course had to be forborne. To one of Mr. Walker's energy and strength
of will, however, such a deprivation was a challenge rather than a deter-
rent ; and the studies which he would have pursued had he been able to
obtain the coveted college training were followed out alone, with the aid
of the older sister, Anne, whose intellectual equipment and devotion fitted
her other brothers for college, so that he acquired not merely a knowledge
of Greek and Latin, but a very thorough acquaintance with philosophy,
mathematics and especially English literature, toward which his mind
was always strongly drawn. The classic English poets, most of all, were
the companionship and delight of his youth and early manhood.
In 1850 an appointment as clerk in the Massachusetts state house, pro-
cured by an uncle, the Honorable Amasa Walker, brought the young man
a change of scene ; and the next three years were spent in Boston in the
duties of his office and in the vigorous study of law during all leisure
moments, for Mr. Walker was then determined to make the legal profes-
REV. GEORGE LEON WALKER 735
sion his own. But a change in the poHtical control of the state cost him his
clerkship, and a subsequent attack of typhoid fever deprived him for some
months of the use of his eyes and left a more permanent witness of its
inroads on his feeble frame in a lameness that -necessitated the use of
crutches for several years. The young student of law went back to the
Pittsford home in broken health, his prospects frustrated, and his friends
discouraged. But he had attained to one certainty in his own mind. He
was determined, if possible, to become a minister; and to this end, as
soon as strength permitted, he began to study theology with the help of
his father's library. This lengthened period of feebleness and disappoint-
ment, though it failed to break Mr. Walker's courage, left upon him
always its impress in a sense of the seriousness and the struggle of life,
and of the nearness of its sorrows to its joys.
In August, 1857, Mr. Walker was licensed to preach by the Rutland
(Vermont) Association, and soon after entered Andover Theological
Seminary as a "resident licentiate," studying in that institution for a year.
A chance opportunity to take the place as pulpit supply of a professor
incapacitated by illness led to a call to the pastorate of the State Street
Church in Portland, one of the most important in the commonwealth of
Maine. On September 16, 1858, Mr. Walker married Maria Williston,
daughter of Nathan B. Williston of Brattleboro, Vermont, and on the
thirteenth of the following October he was ordained to his new charge.
The time of his pastorate was eventful. ^lost actively of any of the
Portland ministers he espoused the Union and the antislavery causes in
the discussions preceding the Civil War, and at the cost of considerable
criticism ; but his remarkable power in the pulpit and his ready sympathy
and helpfulness, with all in suffering and bereavement speedily won him
the afifection of the Portland congregation in a marked degree. Here two
sons were born to him, Williston on July 1, 1860, and Charles Ambrose on
September 27, 1861, the latter dying on July 22, 1869, and here on August
31, 1865, he lost his wife by diphtheria. The death of his wife and his
own exertions in connection with the great Portland fire of July 4, 1866,
broke down his never robust health. By the spring of 1867 he was once
more on crutches and compelled to return to his father's home at Pitts-
ford. It being evident that his ill health would be somewhat protracted,
his people reluctantly released him from the Portland pastorate in Octo-
ber, 1867. ^^
A year later, when somewhat improved in health but while still obliged
to use crutches and to preach sitting in a chair, Mr. Walker was invited
to supply the pulpit of the First Church in New Haven, from which the
Reverend Doctor Leonard Bacon had then recently retired. He was
736 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
settled over his new charge on November 16, 1868. Here his ministry
met with great acceptance, as at Portland, — a favor that was witnessed by
the bestowal upon him of the degree of Doctor of Divinity by Yale Uni-
versity in 1870. On September 15 of the last year mentioned, Doctor
Walker married Amelia Read Larned of New Haven, the youngest daugh-
ter of George and Maria (Read) Larned of Thompson, Connecticut.
Mrs. Walker was born January 3, 1831, at Thompson. Among her
ancestors were Thomas Hooker, John Pratt, Joseph Talcott, James Pier-
pont and others among the leaders of Connecticut in colonial days. Los-
ing her mother when a child, she spent her early years in the household
of her maternal grandparents at Thompson. In young womanhood she
removed to New Haven and resided with her uncle, Mr. Ezra C. Read
of that city, until her marriage.
Afflicted by years of invalidism before and after her arrival in Hartford,
Mrs. Walker's rich temperament and loving sympathy entered heartily
into the lives of her parishioners, arousing, especially, the young people
who gathered around her as a center, to an interest in the study of the
Bible and missions, for which she had a special enthusiasm. Identifying
herself with her husband's life in every direction, she gave unstinted
affection to his son, from whom she inspired an equal devotion.
But Doctor Walker soon found that he had been unwise in assuming the
burdens of a pastorate once more before his health had been fully reestab-
lished, and on May 19, 1873, he had to relinquish the pulpit for a second
time. From October, 1873, to November, 1874, Doctor Walker sought
renewed strength in Europe, living chiefly at Stuttgart and Rome. At
the close of the year 1874 he returned to Brattleboro. For the next four
years he dwelt with his father-in-law, Mr. Williston, in the town of his
boyhood home, in the house in which he was accustomed to spend the
summers thereafter as long as he lived. During much of these four
years of continuous residence here he acted as pastor of the Congrega-
tional Church, without ever being formally inducted into its pastorate.
From Brattleboro Doctor Walker was called, early in 1879, to the First
Church, Hartford, and was installed in ministry on February 27. The
time of his coming was one of considerable significance in the history of
this ancient church. The shifting of the population which was to make
its situation essentially "downtown" had begun to affect the congregation,
a considerable debt rested upon^hie society, and a strong and molding
leadership was desirable. Under Doctor Walker's efforts the debt was
speedily paid, the house of worship renovated, a new organ procured
by the gift of a generous member of the church, and a renewed interest
and pride were awakened in its history, especially in connection with the
REV. GEORGE LEON WALKER .,^787
celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the organiza-
tion in October, 1883. In connection with that event Doctor Walker pre-
pared a most painstaking and valuable "History of the First Church"
that was published in a volume of five hundred and fifteen pages in 1884.
Assured early of the respect and affection of his congregation, Doctor
Walker grew to a position of influence in the city, especially in what con-
cerned the preservation of its memories, illustrated, to specify a single
instance, in his interest in the rescue of the ancient burying ground and
the associated Gold Street improvement.
In the larger affairs of the Congregational body Doctor Walker was a
recognized leader. Thus, he served as one of the commission of twenty-
five that prepared what has been known from the year of its publication
as the "Creed of 1883," now widely accepted as a statement of Congrega-
tional belief. In 1885, at the seventy-fifth anniversary of the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, he preached the com-
memorative sermon. The doctrinal discussions which turmoiled the
board aroused his interest and enlisted his participation as an advocate
of moderation, notably at the meetings of the board at Springfield in 1887
and at New York in 1SS9, and led to his appointment, in the year last
mentioned, as chairman of the "Committee of Nine" which formulated
the altered policy now pursued by the board in making missionary ap-
pointments. From 1887 to 1889 he was one of the corporators of Yale
University. In 1888 he became a member of the "Board of Visitors" of
Andover Theological Seminary — being during the latter part of his in-
cumbency the president of the board. As a "visitor" he had to pass upon
the concluding features of the trial of President E. C. Smyth and the
questions raised by the Andover theology.
In all the controversies in which he was engaged Doctor Walker showed
himself a fearless, incisive debater; but he carried a judicial mind and
an irenic spirit, so that his judgment was widely trusted and his wisdom
generally acknowledged. And as he grew in age, without abating a whit
of his fire and energy of convictions, his sympathies steadily broadened
and his spirit sweetened, so that those who were his sharpest opponents
in controversy were largely won by personal friendship.
Doctor Walker's Hartford pastorate, though a period of good health
compared with his earlier ministry, was not without its serious physical
disadvantages. In him the spirit dominated~-over the flesh, as when just
before preaching a discourse commemorative of the Reverend Doctor
Leonard Bacon, in 1882, he broke his leg by a fall on the icy pavement,
yet insisted on performing the appointed service seated in a chair. A
journey to Carlsbad in 1886 brought him some improvement, but a ten-
738 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
dency to attacks of angina pectoris at length attained to such severity
and frequency that in June, 1892, he was compelled to lay down the pas-
toral charge of the First Church altogether, though retaining the title of
pastor emeritus and performing occasional service as strength permitted
him. A year before his resignation, in 1891, he published a life of Thomas
Hooker, and after his retirement he gave himself more than ever to his-
torical studies, especially to the investigation of New England religious
history, in which he had always had a deep interest. The first of these
labors was embodied in a series of lectures on "Aspects of the Religious
Life of New England," which he gave before the Theological Seminary in
the winter of 1896. These were published in 1897 in a volume that has
met with decided acceptance.
On August 23, 1896, at his summer home in Brattleboro, Doctor Walker
was stricken with apoplexy, resulting in a complete deprivation of speech
and an almost total paralysis of his right side. These disabilities con-
tinued to the end. His mental clearness was not impaired. He continued
to enjoy meeting his friends, and the reading of books. A great blow
came to him in the death of his devoted wife on October 30, 1898 ; but
he bore his trials and limitations with singular courage and patience,
till he was set free from his long imprisonment by the angel of death
March 14, 1900.
His tastes were strongly attracted in several artistic directions. He
had much acquaintance with engravings and was in a. very modest degree
a collector of prints. He knew much of colonial furniture and loved to
finish or repair an antique piece with his own hands. He was interested in
colonial literature, especially that which bore on the history of Congre-
gationalism, and collected an excellent working library on the theme. He
wrote readily and well, and published, besides the three volumes already
indicated, a large number of sermons, papers and articles.
Doctor Walker was undoubtedly at his best in the pulpit. With few
of the characteristic graces of the orator, he had the rare faculty of being
able to make men listen to what he had to say. His message invariably
bore the stamp of earnestness, directness and conviction. Its form was
fresh and striking, its development clear and convincing. And through
the sermon there ran a vein of feeling, sometimes of pathos, sometimes
of entreaty, always of positive faith, which touched the heart of the hearer
no less than the matter of the discourse appealed to the intellect.
His son, Williston, graduated from Amherst College in 1883, and
from Hartford Theological Seminary in 1886; he married, June 1, 1886,
Alice, daughter of Professor Richard H. Mather of Amherst College.
Children : Amelia, Elizabeth. He received Ph.D. from Leipsic Univer-
REV. GEORGE LEON WALKER 739
sity in 1888; D.D. from Western Reserve University in 1894, from
Amherst in 1895, Yale in 1901 and from the University of Geneva-
Loritz in 1909. He was associate professor of history at Bryn Mawr,
1888-1889; associate professor of church history at the Hartford Theo-
logical Seminary, 1889-1892 ; professor of Germanic and western church
history, 1892-1901 ; trustee of Yale College from 1895 ; since 1901, profes-
sor of ecclesiastical history at Yale Theological Seminary ; secretary of
Board of Trustees of Amherst College ; president of the New Haven
Colony Historical Society and a member of several historical and anti-
quarian societies.^
He is author of the following:
On the Increase of Royal Power under Augustus, 1888.
The Creeds and Platforms of Congregationahsm, 1893.
The History of Congregational Churches in the United States, 1894.
Reformation.
Ten New England Leaders.
John Calvin.
Great Men of the Christian Church.
French Trans-Geneva.
The Church.
Other sons of Reverend Charles and Lucretia A. Walker were Stephen
Ambrose, born in 1835. He graduated from Burr and Burton Seminary
at Manchester, and from Middlebury College in 1858. After teaching
school for a time in Ohio and in Binghamton, New York, he began the
study of law and was admitted to the bar in Broome County, New York, in
1861. When the war broke out he entered the war as paymaster of volun-
teers and served in Virginia and in the department of the Gulf. At the
close of the war he resumed law practice in New York City. He was
president of the Board of Education of New York from 1879 to 1886; a
trustee of the "Tilden Trust" and United States attorney for the southern
district of New York from 1886 to 1889. He was elected a trustee of
Middlebury College in 1870 and held the place at the time of his death.
The college gave him the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1882. Mr. Walker
was regarded as one of the ablest lawyers of New York City, was a man
of broad and accurate knowledge and a speaker of much ability. He
was a member of the University Club, the Lawyers' Club and of the Bar
Association. He was a bachelor and lived with his brother,
Henry Freeman Walker/]\LD., who graduated at Middlebury Col-
lege, 1861, New York Medical College, 1865. For forty years he was a
1 Provost Yale University, 1919.
740 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
practitioner in New York City, with a large practice among the best and
most conservative New York families. His summer home was at Pitts-
ford, Vermont, where he had already built and endowed a library and
where he died August 13, 1917.
Doctor Walker left $100,000 to Middlebury College to establish the
Henry Freeman Walker furlough and emergency fund, and between
$25,000 and $30,000 to the town of Pittsford for different objects.
Norman Franklin Cabot
was born in Hartland, Vermont, January 20, 1821, the fifth son in a family
of nine children. His father was Rlarston Cabot, whose first ancestor
in this country, George Cabot, came with brothers about 1699 from St.
Helier's, Island of Jersey, to Salem, Massachusetts, where he married
Abigail, daughter of Benjamin JNIarston. Their descendants settled along
the Connecticut River and this branch of the Cabot family has been known
as the Connecticut River Cabots ; his mother, Mary Rogers, was daughter
of Jonathan and Polly (Maes) Rogers of Londonderry, New Hampshire !
— Scotch-Irish — of the same family as that of John Rodgers, the martyr. i
Norman was an ambitious boy who loved work and play equally well, |
and had a high spirit that did not know the meaning of fear. i
Marston Cabot made no success of the farm he inherited from his ]
father Marston, and the boy Norman at the age of fifteen, with a desire j
to assume his share of the family burden, went forth in search of what 1
the world had for him, and he set out after the manner that characterized |
his long life, intrepid, filled with a buoyant strength that overrode obsta- \
cles, never shirking the task before him, always advancing the interests '
of others with his own. He traveled alone from Vermont to Georgia, a '
long and thrilling journey in those days, to enter the employ of Bailey & ;
Hamilton, merchants at Elberton, Georgia. i
The first year with this firm as clerk, he rode on horseback one thousand -
miles through the Gulf States, in the promotion of their interests. In s
1839, three years later, the youth of eighteen was ready to enter upon a j
business of his own, and in the face of inducements to remain in Elberton, \
he decided upon a mercantile business in Wetumpka, Alabama, the most
important inland town in the South at that time, situated at the head of
navigation on the Coosa River, fourteen miles from Montgomery, and a
great cotton mart. Here the merchants of the place had a large and fertile
field for operations, the town being the medium of supply and exchange
for the surrounding plantation country, and here Mr. Cabot achieved the
largest financial success in the history of the town.
He met with reverses also : at one time by fire, and again by flood, but
NORMAN FRANKLIN CABOT 741
with a remarkable recuperative power and cheerfulness in the face of
•disaster, they were accepted by him as incidents to larger opportunity.
For seventeen years he was a merchant in Wetumpka, under three dif-
ferent partnerships. Francis W. Brooks, son of Captain William S.
Brooks of Brattleboro, went to Alabama in 1844 to settle a business claim;
in 1847 he and Mr. Cabot entered into a partnership under the name,
Cabot, Tullis & Company, which was the beginning of what proved a life-
long connection between the families of Cabot and Brooks.
This firm dissolved partnership in 1850, and Mr. Cabot, in company
with George J. Brooks, went to California, walking across the Isthmus of
Panama. It was the year of 1851 and California was still astir with the
gold fever of 1849. He returned, however, to Wetumpka in 185'3.
His marriage to Miss Lucy T. Brooks, who after the death of their
mother, joined her brother Francis in Alabama, took place in Wetumpka,
December 13, 1853.
Houghton, Allen & Company, his last partnership, included Alfred F.
Houghton, one of the founders of the publishing house of Houghton,
Osgood & Company of Boston.
He had a deep and abiding love for the Southern people with whom his
youthful attachments were made and his best years spent, although his
political sympathies, always active, were with the North. He at no time
concealed his views regarding the evil of slavery, or his belief in the
Union; but, while consistently and fearlessly holding the attitude of a
Union man in the bitter antebellum days, he succeeded, where most failed,
in keeping his friendships secure — behind dauntless bearing and candid
speech he was a man with a kind and honest heart.
Oppressed by unstable conditions in the South, and cherishing a very
loyal sentiment for his native state, in 1857 he came to Brattleboro, the
home of Mrs. Cabot's people, and built the house on Terrace Street which
became their permanent home ; he also purchased for a farm the land on
the opposite side of the Connecticut River known as "the Island," which
he brought to a high state of cultivation and fertility; this was swept
away by the freshet of April, 1863; at the same time he began to feel
heavily the losses from unpaid debts in the South consequent upon the
breaking out of the war, and it became' necessary for him to go into active
business life again. For the second time he went to California, on this
occasion to become manager of the wholesale paper house of George J.
Brooks & Company in San Francisco. He succeeded so well in this under-
taking that he was able to return to Brattleboro in 1865, and for seven
years rested from his labors.
Again reverse of fortune, caused by the great fires in Chicago and Bos-
ton, induced him to accept the position of treasurer of the Vermont Sav-
742 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
ings Bank in the autumn of 1872. For a few months over twenty-nine
years, or until his eighty-second birthday, he held this position. Under his.
guidance the bank grew from one of $1,200,000 to an institution of more
than $3,500,000 deposits, eventually becoming the second largest in the
state. This growth was maintained through panics elsewhere and in spite
of the multiplication of eleven other banks in the immediate vicinity of
Brattleboro, and was due to the concentration of mind and time devoted
to his work.
The love of family was a power in his life and, doubtless, led to the
interest in efforts to safeguard the rights and property of women, which,
with the execution of estates, occupied much of his time after banking
hours. He took delight in a spirited horse and when an old man could
handle the ribbons with skill born of long practice and of the sympathy
existing between man and beast. Gardening was another favorite recrea-
tion. The years after he retired from the Savings Bank were filled with
home activities and in study of the history and biography of the times
in which his long life had been passed and which were interpreted by him
with his habitual tolerance and humor.
Mrs. Cabot died April 5, 1912.
Fie died May 6, 1913, in the ninety-third year of his age.
Children :
Mary Rogers.
Horace E., died at three years of age.
William Brooks.
Grace, married April 12, 1887, Frederick Holbrook. (See p. 977.)
William Brooks Cabot was born February 2, 1858. He went through
the grades of the public schools in his native town, graduating from the
High School in 1874. In the autumn of that year he entered Williston
Seminary, Easthampton, and finished his preparatory studies at the Hop-
kins Grammar School, New Haven. His Freshman year at the Sheffield
Scientific Department of Yale College was interrupted by typhoid fever ; ^
while convalescent from typhoid, he fell ill with scarlet fever. The con-
sequences of two serious illnesses in one year caused him to abandon
his plans for continuing his education at Yale and to enter the Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; he graduated in 1881. His edu-
cational course was characterized by a very high rank in study and a corre-
sponding activity in athletics. He was president of his class, captain of the
R. P. I. crew, on the football team, etc.
In June, 1881, immediately after graduation, he entered the employ of
the Union Pacific Railroad and beginning as topographer in Omaha, was
soon promoted to assistant engineer, in which capacity he was sent to
NORMAN FRANKLIN CABOT 743
Montana, to Silver Bow Junction on the Utah & Northern Railroad, and
to Idaho in connection with the Oregon Short Line.
September, 1883, he returned east to accept the position of engineer
of the Everett Iron Company, Everett, Pennsylvania, and remained with
that company until the summer of 1886, when he was again in Omaha with
the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1887 he came east and built the City
Hall, Public Library and Industrial School of Cambridge, Massachusetts,
for the Rindge Estate and was on the committee of the Industrial School,
1890-1891, with William E. Russell, Samuel L. Montague, Thomas Went-
worth Higginson and Harry Ellis. In July, 1895, he became a partner
in the construction firm, Holbrook, Cabot & Daly, and later, of Holbrook,
Cabot & Rollins, engineers and contractors.
While a member of this firm the operations in which he was actively en-
gaged were the separation of grades at Brockton, Massachusetts ; the
masonry on the separation work at Newton and Natick ; on the Albany
railroad, and grade separation work on the Dedham and West Roxbury
branches of the New Haven railroad; the drawbridge from Newport to
Tiverton, Rhode Island; double-tracking of bridge at Warehouse Point;
dam on the Chicopee River for the Ludlow Manufacturing Company at
Red Bridge. A section of the original Rapid Transit Subway in New
York City was built by this firm while he was partner.
He resigned from the above firm in the summer of 1908.
He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of New Hampshire,
1919.
A love of nature led him very early, during vacation time, to explore
the country around the headwaters of the Connecticut River and some of
the lakes of Northern Canada and British America. Five trips to Labra-
dor in later years have made the subject matter of a book, "In Northern
Labrador," published by him in 1912. He had previously contributed the
Introduction to Mrs. Leonidas Hubbard's "A W^oman's Way through
Unknown Labrador," and a chapter for Doctor Grenfell's book on
Labrador.
He married jNIay 29, 1886, Elizabeth L., daughter of Colonel Francis J.
and Anna Lyman Parker of Boston, and has had six children : Dorothy,
died January 4, 1896; Anna L., married July 30, 1914, J. Randolph
Coolidge, III, of Boston ; Eleanor F. ; Katherine L. ; Norman, born Febru-
ary 20, 1900 ; Mary Minot. ^~-
He has lived in or around Boston since his marriage and has a summer
home in Dublin, New Hampshire. He is a member of the St. Botolph,
Papyrus, Boone and Crockett, and Travellers' Clubs, Union Boat and
Engineers' Clubs and Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, England.
744 • ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Honorable George Folsom
Honorable George Folsom was born in Kennebunk, Maine, May 23,
1802, a descendant of John Foulsham of Foulsham, England, who came
to Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. This ancestor settled in Exeter,
New Hampshire.
Mr. Folsom's boyhood was passed at Portland, Maine, to which city
his parents had removed when he was very young. He graduated at
Harvard College in 1822, and soon afterwards entered the office of Ether
Sheppley, Esquire, Saco, Maine, for the purpose of studying law.
In 1830, while studying under Mr. Sheppley, he wrote a "History of
Saco and Biddeford, with Notices of other early Settlements and of the
Proprietary Governments in Maine, including the provinces of New
Somersetshire and Lygonia."
The practice of his profession began in Worcester, Massachusetts,
where he was able to gratify still further his taste for historical research,
publishing, as chairman of the Committee of Publication, a volume of the
Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society.
In 1837 he removed to New York, which was to become his permanent
home, and here he married Margaret Cornelia, daughter of Benjamin
Winthrop, through whom he became possessed of great wealth.
The cares of a large estate obliged him by degrees to abandon the prac-
tice of law, but he continued to find leisure for his literary pursuits. He
gave time and energy to the interests of the New York Historical Society
and published the best volume of historical collection relating to the
Dutch ever published in this country. He made a translation from the
Spanish of the Despatches of Hernando Cortez published in 1843 in this
country and in England ; also, a small volume, "Mexico," to which is added
an account of Texas and Yucatan, and of the Sante F^ Expeditions.
On his return in 1844 after a year in Europe, Mr. Folsom was elected
to the state senate : a tribute of the day says that "he compelled the
deference and respect as a statesman which as a gentleman and a scholar
he had never failed to command." He was actively concerned in the con-
vention which was the means of electing General Taylor to the presidency
of the United States.
In 1850 he received the appointment of United States Minister to Hol-
land, and for three years filled this office in a way that reflected credit on
his native country and which was recognized by the royal family and by all
classes of The Hague.
Three years of travel followed, and in 1856 he and his family returned
to this country. He came to Brattleboro in 1857-1858, bought the Bradley
house on the Common and moved it to North Street to give place to a
HON. HAMPDEN CUTTS 745
beautiful summer residence. In Brattleboro he took a lively interest in
the Vermont Historical Society. From 1859 until his death he was presi-
dent of the Ethnological Society.
Mrs. Folsom died in the spring of 18G3.
In the autumn of 1868 he again embarked for Europe, and died in Rome
in March, 1869.
His private library is said to have been the most extensive in this
country. As a liberal promoter of science, literature, and the fine arts he
was an influential citizen of New York, but the guilelessness and unselfish-
ness of his nature were regarded as the source of his personal attractions.
He contributed largely to St. Michael's Episcopal Church, where, after
his death in March, 1869, windows memorial of him and his daughter
Margaret were placed by members of his family.
Children :
Margaret Winthrop, born in 1843, became an invalid in 1869 ; died in
1907.
Helen Stuyvesant, who wrote "Chronicles of the Nursery" in 1871.
She entered a sisterhood in England in that year and returned to
New York to assist in founding the Sisterhood of St. John Baptist.
George W., born in August, 1849; graduated from Columbia College;
was president of the Lenox Club. He married October 1, 1867,
Frances E. H. Fuller, daughter of William H. Fuller of New York.
He died March 29, 1915. They lived in New York and Lenox. Chil-
dren: Helen S., Mrs. Churchill Satterlee ; George Winthrop, died;
Maud, Mrs. Clark G. Voorhees; William Fuller, died; Georgette,
Mrs. Francis Fitzgibbon; Ethelred F. Folsom; J. Constantine Fol-
som, Mrs. Cleveland Bigelow; Marguerite, Mrs. Sidney Haight;
Winifred, Mrs. Edward H. Delafield.
Honorable Hampden Cutts
Honorable Hampden Cutts was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire,
August 3, 1803, the son of Edward Cutts, a shipping merchant engaged in
the West India trade, who came from an old and distinguished family
resident in that neighborhood for five generations.
Hampden was a student at Phillips Exeter Academy from 1818, and
graduated at Harvard College in 1823. He was distinguished in college
for his elocution and for his taste for military tactics. He studied law
with the Honorable Jeremiah Mason of Portsmouth, "a giant in stature,
a giant in mind," one of the most eminent lawyers of that period. In 1824
he delivered the Fourth of July oration to a great number of enthusiastic
citizens of Portsmouth. He practiced law in the office of Honorable
746 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Ichabod Bartlett until 1828, when he opened an office by himself. He was
chosen colonel of the First Regiment of New Hampshire militia and aid
to the governor, in the latter capacity being one of the delegates to meet
General Lafayette and escort him to Portsmouth. ■ During the contested
election between Adams and Jackson, jMr. Cutts was selected by some of
the leading men in Portsmouth to edit a paper called The Signs of the
Times, established to sustain the cause of John Q. Adams.
In September, 1829, he married Mary Pepperell Sparhawk Jarvis, eldest
daughter of Honorable William Jarvis of Weathersfield, Vermont, who
was consul at Lisbon and acting charge d'affaires of the United States
for Portugal from 1803 to 1811.
In November, 1833, Mr. and Mrs. Hampden Cutts moved to Hartland,
Vermont, in compliance with the wishes of her father, to improve a
landed estate which he had acquired, and there Mr. Cutts became probate
judge, 1849-1851, and represented Hartland in the State Legislature, j
1840, 1841 and 1858, and Windsor County in the State Senate, 1842-1843. j
They came to Brattleboro in 1861, moved by the solicitations of their ■ |
friend, Honorable George W. Folsom, and built a fine residence in the I
latter's neighborhood, where ancestral treasures were gathered, — among
them portraits of Samuel and Anna Holyoke Cutts by Blackburn, a por-
trait of Lady Sparhawk and a pastel of President Holyoke by Copley, and
a full-length portrait by Smibert of General Sir William Pepperell, — and ;
where the atmosphere was fragrant of a past of breeding and culture. j
He also purchased a farm three miles from the village which was, at his i
death, sold to J. N. Balestier. He was president of the Woolgrowers I
Association, 1865, and vice-president of the Vermont State Agricultural I
Society. |
Mr. Cutts was a student of Shakespeare and read his plays with re- ]
markable understanding and effect. He was vice-president of the New j
England Historic-Genealogical Society of Boston and lectured on his- i
torical subjects. He died at North Hartland April 27, 1875. His wife • ^
died April 12, 1879, at their home in Brattleboro, where her later years
were devoted to writing the life of her father, entitled "Life and Times
of William Jarvis." Mrs. Cutts was vice-regent of Mount Vernon. ■
Children, besides four who died in infancy, were :
Captain Edward H., born in 1831, graduated at Norwich Academy in
1850; married Miss Annie Sherw-^od, lived at Faribault, Minnesota,
and died there October 11, 1887. Children: Mary Sherwood, died in
1877 ; Katie Anna, died in 1878.
Anna Holyoke, born June 7, 1835 ; married August 24, 1861, A. Trum-
bull Howard of Brooklyn ; died June 28, 1889. Children :
HON. HAMPDEN CUTTS 747
Cecil H. C, born in Brattleboro September 5, 1863; married Sep-
tember 12, 1894, Effie Mae, daughter of Samuel Boore Bartley of
Beebe, Arkansas, who died November 2, 1915. He is author of the
following: Life and Public Services of General John Wolcott
Phelps. Brattleboro in Verse and Prose. The Cutts Family in
America, 656 pages, Munsells Sons, Albany. The Sparhawk Fam-
ily, Salem, Mass. Pepperell Portraits, Salem, Mass. The Pep-
perell Family in America, Salem, Mass. Sketch of Chief, Justice
Samuel Sewall, Salem, Mass. A son, Elwyn.
Mary Howard, married April 23, 1889, Robert W. King of Montclair,
New Jersey. A son, Eliot Charles, living in California, has a
daughter, Frances Holyoke.
Elizabeth Bartlett, born April 13, 1837; married A. R. Bullard, M.D.;
died February 2, 1864.
Charles J., born March 21, 1848; died September 13, 1863.
Harriet L., married January 8, 1879, Underbill A. Budd, born Decem-
ber, 1849, died December, ISSO. She died August 7, 1914. A son,
Major Kenneth P. Budd, 30Sth Infantry, received the distinguished
service cross for extraordinary heroism in the Great War.
Miss Mary Cutts was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, April 4,
1801. In 1832 she left Portsmouth and went to Hartland, Vermont, to
reside in the family of her brother, and came with them to Brattleboro,
where she remained until 1879, when she went to Brooklyn to reside with
her niece, Mrs. Howard.
Miss Cutts was a lady of the old school, in intellectual endowment
and many accomplishments. She was an authoress and issued two
volumes of verse. The first was a sprightly miscellaneous collection
called "The Autobiography of a Clock" ; the second was a larger work,
a romance entitled "Grondalla," which was founded on incidents in the
history of her own family in the early days of Portsmouth. In her youth
she had the good fortune to enjoy the first and best society of the times.
Among her early churchgoing impressions was that of seeing the large
black eyes of Daniel Webster gazing at her, before the days when he had
become famous. At the age of eighteen she attended a brilliant ball given
in honor of the arrival of Lafayette in Portsmouth. In the family of
her uncle. Senator Charles Cutts, she spent some time in the distinguished
circles of Washington society; and during a period passed by her in
Boston she enjoyed with special satisfaction the frequent meeting, at her
aunt's table, with President John Quincy Adams.
With a mind stored with pleasant recollections and extensive reading,
her society was very interesting to those who knew her during the twenty
748 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
years spent by her in Brattleboro. Miss Cutts died in Brooklyn, New
York, May 20, 1882, at the age of eighty-one years.
George Chandler Hall
George Chandler Hall, son of Gardner C. Hall, was born in this village,
in a house on the site of the Baptist Church, February 17, 1828. Up to
the commencement of his sixteenth year he was kept constantly in the
village schools. In 1844 his father placed him with the firm of Carruth
& Whittier, Boston, wholesale dealers in drugs, oils, paints, etc., where he
served a long apprenticeship, and commenced to form those habits of
system, energy and strict personal attention which marked his after life
and led to fortune.
In 1851 Mr. Hall, then about twenty-three years of age, removed to
New York and soon engaged in the manufacture and sale of paints, deal-
ing mainly in white lead, and subsequently established the now well-
known firm of Hall, Bradley & Company, than which no business house in
the city enjoyed a higher reputation for liberality, commercial integrity
and financial sovmdness. He continued in this firm as its senior partner
until his death, April 26, 1872.
In 1860 he purchased land of George H. Clark for a residence in Brat-
tleboro. In September, 1871, he purchased the Dummer farm for $27,000.
In 1868, after much solicitation on the part of Colonel Fisk and his
associates in the management of the Erie Railway, who had personal
knowledge of his especial fitness for the place, Mr. Hall consented to
accept the responsible and laborious position of purchasing agent for that
road, wherein his strong will, personal independence, thorough knowledge
of men and business, and especially his eminent executive ability, found
full scope, and soon made themselves felt in results so favorable to the
financial condition of the company as to render his services a necessity
thereafter, and to compel him to continue in the position, despite his
repeatedly expressed wish to retire, up to the time of his death. He had
also been a director of the road for nearly three years ; but, fully occupied
by the special duties of his own department, he gave little attention to,
and assumed no responsibility for, the general management and policy of
the company. These, it was well understood, were in the exclusive con-
trol of an "inner circle" of the directory, to which Mr. Hall and several
of his associates neither sought nor xobtained admission, and of whose
intentions and plans, until disclosed and developed by acts, they knew
nothing. In the final overthrow of Jay Gould and the notorious "Erie
ring," however. Colonel Hall played an important part, and was one of
the three directors in the old board who commanded the full confidence
of the rightful owners, and was consequently retained by them, both in
GEORGE CHANDLER HALL 749
his position as director and purchasing agent. It was, however, his firm
purpose, at a near period, to withdraw entirely from his connection with
the company, with a view to devoting the leisure thus secured to duties and
pursuits more congenial to his personal tastes.
Though avoiding all active participation in public life, Colonel Hall
occupied a prominent social position in Brooklyn, where he resided, and
took a lively personal interest in many of the enterprises intended to
improve and adorn that city. He was the most active projector of the
Prospect Park Association, was a member of the Art Association and
of several other clubs and associations.
June 1, 1854, he married Anna O'Connor, born November 11, 1834, in
Dublin, Ireland, the daughter of £)ennis O'Connor, a distinguished pro-
fessor of the classics at Cork University and one who refused a post at
Trinity and at Cambridge, because an acceptance would involve a change
of his religion from Catholic to Protestant. She died April 28, 1899. He
died at his residence on Clinton Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, April 26,
1872, at the age of forty-four.
He was moulded on a large scale. His physical structure — large, com-
pact, powerful — was a type of the whole man, and was the fitting abode
of a head and heart of like proportions, all obedient to a will that yielded
to no common obstacle. Endowed thus bountifully with all the strong
elements of manhood, he did nothing weakly. Earnest and tenacious in
the pursuit of desired ends, he rarely failed in attaining them. To his
great strength was joined a remarkable quickness of perception and
promptness in execution, qualities seldom found in one of his mould.
He was essentially a fair-minded and just man, hating all shams and all
forms of hypocrisy and meanness with a hatred that knew no bounds.
Like most men of strong feeling and will, he was often impatient and
sometimes imperious ; but his strong sense of justice restrained him, even
then, from serious wrongdoing, and those who knew him best realized that
his occasional brusqueness of manner seldom had a rough purpose, and
not infrequently concealed the kindest thoughts and intentions. His
open-handed liberality was known to all. His tender affection for his
family, and especially for his widowed mother, from whom he inherited
many of his marked physical and mental traits, was deep and enduring
and found constant expression, more in deeds than words. To his
younger brothers and sisters, on the death of his father many years ago,
he acted a father's as well as an elder brother's part, and their preparation
for and establishment in life, as their circumstances required, was his
especial care. Among the strongest characteristics of his strong nature
were his remarkable local attachments and his never changing affection
?50 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
for his friends. Though he went out from Brattleboro while yet a boy, he
never ceased to regard the place of his birth and the scene of his youthful
trials and pleasures as the one spot on all the earth most to be desired and
cherished. No project having in view the interests and welfare of his
native town ever appealed to him in vain. He had already done much
for her material advancement, and he looked forward with peculiar pleas-
ure to other and greater benefits he might bestow.
His widow married George A. Powers of Brooklyn, New York.
Children :
Three children died young.
Margaret, married June 5, 1883, Robert Minton Burnett of South-
boro, Massachusetts, son of Joseph Burnett ; she died August 26,
1914. Children : Leila, married Lyman Delano ; George H., born in
March, 1894; Harry.
Francis Holmes Hall, born November 28, 1860; died May 3, 1883.
Edna, married Vicomte de Jotemps and lives in France.
Addison B. Hall was born August 30, 1833. At twenty-one he was
associated with his brother, George C. Hall, and a Mr. Cornell in the
manufacture of white lead, the firm's name being Hall & Cornell. In due
time the younger brother, John Hall, became a member with S. Rowe
Bradley, the firm being Hall, Bradley & Company.
May 17, 1860, he married Fannie, daughter of John A. Pullen of New
York, a former resident of Guilford and Brattleboro. She died in 1873
and in 1874 he married Agnes Randall, widow of Charles Tomes of New
York, who had children :
Charles F., married Miss Emma Lafitte of New Orleans.
Agnes Adelaide, married October 28, 1885, Arthur W. Childs.
Emily R., married Frederick G. Flagg of Troy, New York.
About 1879 he and his brother John sold their interest in the business
and made their residence in Brattleboro, where Addison B. served in vari-
ous official capacities, on the board of bailiffs, being clerk of that corpora-
tion from 1890 ; he was a member of the board of selectmen, a trustee of
the Vermont Savings Bank and an officer and active worker for the Valley
Fair.
He died February 22, 1894.
Children : \
Jane, married June 14, 1898, George E. Foster, born August 13, 1872.
Their son, Addison Hall Foster, died January 10, 1911, aged six
years.
John Leavitt Hall was born October 4, 1837; he married in 1861
JUDGE DANIEL KELLOGG
HONORABLE CHARLES K. FIELD
HONORABLE GEORGE HOWE
HON. CHARLES KELLOGG FIELD 751
Katherine Cecilia Swits, daughter of Nicholas Swits, a banker of Sche-
nectady, who surveyed the first steam railroad between Albany and Sche-
nectady. She was born December 4, 1839, and died June 24, 1900.
Mr. Hall bought the Salisbury house on High Street in January, 1876,
and made his residence in Brattleboro.
He died November 12, 1882.
Children :
Julia, married, first, June 9, 1886, Doctor William Austin Tomes ; mar-
ried, second, Ebenezer E. McLeod of Evanston, Illinois.
Addison B., born in 1863 ; married Miss Sarah Cowenhoen of Brook-
lyn, New York; died in 1894.
Honorable Charles Kellogg Field
Honorable Charles Kellogg Field came of a distinguished family,
his lineage being traceable to John Field, the astronomer, who was born
in London about 1550, and who died at Ardsley, England, about 1587.
His grandson, Zechariah Field, came to Massachusetts and settled in
Dorchester about 1630, but a few years later moved to Hartford, Connect-
icut, and died in Hatfield, Massachusetts, in 1666. From him the line is
easily traced to Martin Field, the father of the subject of this sketch,
who was born in Leverett, Massachusetts, February 12, 1773, graduated
at Williams College in 1798, studied law with his uncle, Lucius Hubbard,
at Chester, Vermont, and settled at Newfane at the opening of the nine-
teenth century. He was a man of rare natural ability, of varied and
extensive acquirements, and for thirty years was eminent in his profes-
sion and one of the leading men of the state. His wife was sister of
Honorable Daniel Kellogg of Brattleboro. Their younger son, Roswell
M. Field, was one of the most brilliant and able men Vermont ever pro-
duced. The famous romance between him and Mary Almira Phelps,
daughter of Doctor Phelps of Windsor, Vermont, removed him to St.
Louis in 1839, and he soon became the compeer of the most eminent
lawyers of the West. For years before his decease, in 1869, he was
called the Nestor of the bar of the Southwest. He married May 18, 1848,
Miss Frances Reed of St. Louis, whose parents were from Windham
County, Vermont. Their son Eugene, the poet, was born September 2,
1850; another son was Roswell M., born September 1, 1851, who studied
law in the ofiice of his uncle, Charles K. Field. He was a newspaper man,
and the author of many books and stories.
Charles K. Field, the oldest son, was born in Newfane April 24, 1803,
fitted for college at Amherst, Massachusetts, entered Middlebury College
at the age of fifteen, and graduated in 1822. After studying law three
752 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
years in the office of his father, he was admitted to the bar of Windham
County and commenced the practice of his profession in Newfane; in
1828 he removed to Wilmington, where he resided for ten years, repre-
senting that town in the Legislature in 1835-1838; he was a delegate from
that town to the State Constitutional Convention in 1836. In 1838 he
returned to Newfane, where he resided until 1861, representing that town
in the Legislature in 1853-1855 and 1860, and also representing it in the
Constitutional Convention in 1813, 1850 and 1857. In 1861 he moved
to Brattleboro, where he resided until his death. He formed a partnership
with James M. Tyler, 1864, under the firm name of Field & Tyler, which
continued until his death. He was elected a member of the Council of
Censors in 1869, and chosen president thereof at its first session, and in
1870 represented Brattleboro in the Constitutional Convention. Thus it
will be seen that he had large experience in legislative bodies, where he
always exerted great influence and did much toward shaping the legisla-
tion of the state.
Mr. Field inherited many of his father's characteristics, especially his
sarcasm, humor and faculty for relating stories, of which he possessed
an inexhaustible store. He was a great reader, and the best ancient and
modern authors were as familiar to him as were his village neighbors.
His memory was remarkable ; he remembered all of value that he ever
read or heard, and had it at instant command ; this, with his quick per-
ception, originality, powers of description, wit and humor, made him a
most entertaining man in conversation, a brilliant public speaker and a
formidable adversary in forensic debate. His judgment of men was
unerring; a distinguished jurist of this state once said of him that it made
little difference what men said to him, he seemed to look right into their
minds and read their thoughts. He was a skillful lawyer; few men
wielded a keener rapier than he, and he apparently possessed every requi-
site of a most effective jury advocate ; but though he always commanded
a large practice, he mainly left the trial of jury cases to others, regarding
that as an uncertain and unsatisfactory field of enterprise. He was widely
known throughout this state and highly respected for his brilliant abilities.
He possessed a kind, sympathetic heart, retained the strongest attachments
for his friends and was an honest man. He was the last of that genera-
tion of men composed of the Bradleys, the Kelloggs, the Shafters and
the Fields, who for more than half a century gave eminence to the bar of
Windham County and whose names will always shine in the galaxy of
Vermont's distinguished men.
Mr. Field was married June 28, 1828, to Julia A. Kellogg of Coopers-
town, New York; she was a descendant of Joseph Kellogg, who came
THOMAS THOMPSON 753
from England to Boston in 1625 and finally settled in Hadley, Massa-
chusetts. She died April 9, 1886, at the age of seventy-seven.
He died September 15, 1881.
Children :
Julia K., married January 15, 1861, Colonel Elisha P. Jevvett of Mont-
pelier ; died December 30, 1890, aged sixty-one. Their daughter,
Ruth Payne, married September 2, 1885, Professor John W. Burgess
of Columbia College.
Henry K. Field, born in 18-18, graduated at Amherst College 1869;
admitted to the bar in 1871 ; married November 25, 1872, Kate L.,
born in 1851, daughter of Lorenzo Daniels of Hartford, Connecticut,
was associated with C. J. Gleason of Montpelier in the practice of
law. Mr. Field moved to California in 1881. He was general agent
on the Pacific coast of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company. Children :
Charles K., born in 1873 ; graduated at Leland Stanford, Junior, Uni-
versity; he published a book of very clever college verses in 1895
under the nom de plume, Carolus Ager, with a preface by David
Starr Jordan, and is editor of The Sunset Magazine, pubHshed in
San Francisco.
Martin, born February 1, 1875 ; died April 21, 1906.
Willard, born in Montpelier, and a daughter, Kate.
Mary, born August 6, 1839; died June 12, 1909. She taught in the
schools of Miss Barber and Miss Howland in Brattleboro, and in the
South. She married June 1, 1868, Henry C. Willard, born March 23,
1836; died December 2, 1899. (See p. 916.)
/
Annah R. Kellogg, a daughter of Henry Kellogg of Boston (brother of
Mrs. Charles K. Field), from the death of her mother when she was only
two years of age, lived in the Field family in Brattleboro. She married,
September 18, 1884, Doctor Charles W. Drew of Burlington, whom she
met when he was assistant physician at the Brattleboro Asylum. They
moved to Minneapolis, where he became a chemist and founded the
Minnesota Institute of Pharmacy. Children : Julia Kellogg, Charles.
Thomas Thompson
Thomas Thompson was born in Boston August 27, 1797. He was a
graduate of Harvard College (1817), studied divinity under Reverend
William Ellery Channing, but abandoned it to devote himself to the fine
arts. He made a collection of pictures, said to have been the finest in
Boston at the time, which was destroyed by fire in 1852 ; another collec-
754 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
tion followed, valued at $300,000. He moved to New York about 1860
because of the exorbitant taxes in Boston. He was very eccentric; before
he left Boston he would not travel by steamboat or railway train.
He first met the woman who was to become his wife while traveling
in Vermont. She was very handsome and so impressed Thomas Thomp-
son, that he sought her acquaintance in Boston in 1843, and in December
of that year they were married.
Elizabeth Thompson was the daughter of a farmer, Samuel Rowell, of
Lyndon, Vermont, who lived to be ninety-nine. He was a descendant of
Thomas Rowell, who came from England to Salisbury, Massachusetts, in
1638, and was an early proprietor. Members of the Rowell family were
among the first settlers of New Hampshire.
Mrs. Thompson was also a descendant of Hannah Dustin, who was
captured by the Indians and carried into captivity but who escaped under
circumstances which have given her a permanent place among the pioneer
mothers of the nation. Her mother, who was Mary Atwood, married at
sixteen, had six children, all boys, before she was twenty-five, when
Elizabeth was born in their log cabin February 21, 1821. The mother
lived to be ninety-five. Brought up under hardships and privations,
Elizabeth's school advantages were very slight. At nine she went out to
domestic service, receiving as wages twenty-five cents a week.
Having a nature sensitive to suffering wherever she came in contact
with it, her first impulse was to help all who appealed to her, and she
early made the high resolve to live for the good of others, — but she brought
to this purpose a mind that was bent on seeking and removing the sources
of human misery and misfortune instead of founding institutions for
their alteration. Her own life was lived with the utmost simplicity and
quiet. Her husband sympathized with her tastes and desires and co-
operated with her benevolences. He died March 28, 1869, after a married
life of pure happiness.
Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were boarders at the Bliss Farm, Brattleboro,
the summer of 1861 and in the winter of 1861-1862, with Mrs. J. J. Cran-
dall, at the Holbrook house on the Common. It was here that they be-
came interested in the sewing women of the village.
During their life together large sums of money were given by them to
charitable objects, and his will was made in accord with Mrs. Thompson's
wishes and advice. She became a widow at forty-eight, with an annual
income of $100,000. This income was left to her for life, the principal
to be divided at her death between the towns of Brattleboro, Vermont,
and Rhinebeck, New York, to be used for the benefit of poor sewing
women, of whom it is not probable that either of the towns named had as
many as half a dozen.
MRS. THOMAS THOMPSON 755
In the summer of 1879 or 1880 Mrs. Thompson made a second visit
to Brattleboro, staying as before at the Bliss Farm. With her were Steele
MacKaye and his family, too numerous to be received in the Bliss house,
but room was found for them at the neighboring Wilder Farm.
In a small cottage on the Bliss property where Mr. MacKaye sought
the quiet and solitude necessarj' for his literary work, he wrote "Paul
Kavver," a play which was produced with notable success and has recently
been published in a volume entitled "Representative American Plays."
Mrs. Thompson's gifts to public institutions after the death of her hus-
band were numerous and money was bestowed upon private individuals,
much of which she afterwards had reason to believe had done more harm
than good. Among her benefactions were $10,000 to investigate the
causes of yellow fever; $100,000 to assist in providing business pursuits
for heads of families. She founded the town of Long Mont at the foot
of the Rocky Mountains, and gave six hundred and forty acres of land,
with $300, to each colonist in Saline County, Kansas. She contributed
largely to purchasing a telescope for Vassar College, and gave a building
to the Concord School of Philosophy in 1885. She gave $25,000 to the
advancement and prosecution of scientific research, and incurred large
expense in providing a song service for the poor. She also made large
gifts to the Free Medical College. Greatly interested in the temperance
cause, she wrote a tract, "Figures of Hell," filled with statistical informa-
tion, which was widely circulated. Twenty-eight families were entirely
dependent on her in the town where she lived. Among the movements
with which she was prominently identified were woman's suffrage, found-
ing of kindergarten schools, amelioration of the condition of child widows
in India and every reasonable effort poinding towards the establishment of
right relations between capital and labor.
She purchased Carpenter's painting of the signing of the Emancipation
Proclamation by Lincoln in the presence of his cabinet, at a cost of $25,000
and presented it to Congress.
Her home was in East Tenth Street, New York City, and she continued
to reside there after Mr. Thompson's death, but finally went to Stamford,
Connecticut, where she lived with her nephews, Doctors Charles E. and
Edward E. Rowell.
Mrs. Thompson would have been a remarkable woman in any sphere of
life; her personal attractions and influence wherever she was placed were
notable.
In December, 1890, she suffered a severe attack of apoplexy which was
followed by paralysis. She died in Littleton, New Hampshire, July 30,
1899.
756 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
The Thompson Will (Provision)
Item : I give, devise and bequeath all my lands, tenements and heredita-
ments and all my estate and property, real and personal or mixed, of which
I shall die seized or possessed, or to which I may have any claim or be in
any way entitled to at the time of my decease, not otherwise herein given,
j devised or bequeathed, to William Minot, Junior, and James Connor, both
j of said Boston, to hold the same as joint tenants in fee, but upon the fol-
j lowing trusts, viz : To take, hold and manage the real and mixed estate and
to invest the personal, and after paying for repairs, taxes, insurance and
all other necessary charges, including the annuities herein-before given, to
pay over the net income of the trust fund so constituted to my aforesaid
wife, Elizabeth, during her natural life, to her sole and separate use and
benefit, upon her personal receipt or written order only, quarterly, or
oftener if more convenient to my said wife, upon the last day of each and
every quarter. And after the decease of my said wife, to apply the net in-
come of the trust fund, after making the deductions aforesaid, for or
I toward the relief and support of poor seamstresses, needle-women and
i shop girls who may be in temporary need from want of employment, sick-
I ness or misfortune, in the towns of Brattleboro, Vermont, and Rhinebeck,
j Dutchess County, New York, the amount being equally divided between
! the two towns. And I direct and empower my said trustees to employ
from time to time such agents as they may judge best for the practical
application of the income of the trust fund whether town officials of said
towns, or corporations, associations or individual resident in said town or
elsewhere, it being my wish that such agents shall be selected, if practicable,
as will serve gratuitously. And I empower my said trustees, if the whole
; income appropriated to either one of said towns is not needed for the relief
of the class of persons above named in that town for one year, to apply the
surplus to the relief of the same class in the other town if needed, and if
not to apply such surplus to such kindred charitable purposes in said town
or elsewhere, but not, however, in the city of Boston, as shall be deter-
mined by my said trustees, or in their discretion to be added to the capital.
And it being my wish that the fund shall be for the immediate relief of the
suddenly needy, whether from casualty, imprudence or improvidence, I
I direct that there shall be as speedy action taken upon all applications as may
be consistent with ascertaining the reality of the alleged need of assistance.
And in order that the attention of the persons to be benefited may be called
to this source of relief I direct my trustees to publish three times a year in
that newspaper which has the largest circulation therein among the work-
ing classes the facts of the existence of this trust fund, its objects and the
means to be taken to obtain relief from it, and in addition to take such
THE THOMPSON WILL 757
other measures for extending the knowledge of it and increasing its use-
fulness as may seem to my said trustees best.
This fund was made available in Brattleboro, January 11, 1901.
FIFTH PERIOD
THE CIVIL WAR. ORGANIZATION-
INDUSTRIAL, PHILANTHROPIC
AND SOCIAL
1861-1895
m
CHAPTER LXX
THE CIVIL WAR
The Civil War — First Regiment of Vermont Volunteers — Captain John W. Phelps —
Enlistment of first company to go from Brattleboro — Lists of officers and men —
Record of Captain Edward A. Todd — Major Elijah Wales — George M. Colt —
Benjamin F. Davis — Charles B. Rice — Fred W. Siraonds — Silas W. Richardson
—George F. Britton — James Everett Alden — George W. Hooker — Herbert E.
Taylor — Isaac K. Allen — Captain Edward Carter — Benjamin R. Jenne — Wallace
Pratt — William C. Holbrook — Frank H. Emerson — George E. Selleck — Robert G.
Hardie — Major David W. Lewis — Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings — Captain Robert
B. Arms — John M. Joy — Major George H. Bond — Henry C. Streeter — Lorenzo
D. Keyes — Almon B. Gibbs — Luke Ferriter, detailed to execute sentence on Wil-
liam Scott. Casualties, J. Warren Hyde — Lieutenant-Colonel John Steele Tyler —
Lieutenant-Colonel Addison Brown.
Officers and Soldiers from Brattleboro, 1861-1865.
Alonzo Granville Draper — The Military Hospital — Memorial stone — War relief.
The First Regiment of Vermont Volunteers, consisting of Brandon,
Middlebury, Rutland, Northfield, Woodstock, Cavendish, Burlington, St.
Albans and Swanton Companies of the militia, were placed under the
command of Captain John W. Phelps of Brattleboro as colonel April 27,
1861. General Scott, who had known Colonel Phelps in the Mexican War
and the record of the Vermont men in 1812, wanted him and his regiment
for the garrison of Fortress Monroe. Colonel Phelps soon made his regi-
ment a model in drill and good order, and an admirable school of military
training and discipline for those of its members who became officers of
regiments subsequently organized.
They left Rutland May 9 and arrived in New York the next morning;
the regiment marched from the Hudson River station down Fifth Avenue
and Broadway to City Park, the officers being entertained at the Astor
House by the patriotic host. The effective appearance of the regiment
in its gray uniform, each man wearing in his cap an evergreen sprig, a
memento of the Green Mountains, and the unusual size of the men com-
posing it were matters of special remark on the part of the people and
press en route, — Colonel Phelps at the head of the regiment, "tall and of
massive form, with an immense army hat and black ostrich plume, drew
the inquiry, 'Who is that big Vermont Colonel ?' The prompt answer was,
'That? Oh, that is old Ethan Allen resurrected!' "
76:2 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
They were landed at Hampton, Virginia, by the steamer Alabama,
joined General Butler's command and were stationed there and at New-
port News, of which he took possession, for the rest of their stay in
Virginia. A number of negroes soon fled to the regimental quarters, anx-
ious to know what would be done with them, and were informed by
Colonel Phelps that they were free, probably the first instance of emanci-
pation as a consequence of war.
Circumstances Attendant upon the Enlistment of
THE First Company to Go from This Town
The date fell upon Tuesday. The meeting, which was held upon the
Common, aroused the young patriots, as was shown a week later when
Francis Goodhue, the recruiting officer, had enrolled for enlistment
seventy-five men ranging from eighteen to thirty-six years and whose
average age was a little less than twenty-three years and six months.
A newspaper account of the meeting chronicled it as "a representation
of the 'live men' from every part of the town." Elijah Wales, who after-
wards commanded Company C of the Second Vermont Volunteers,
headed the list which the recruiting officer made up the first week in May,
1861. Air. Wales was a machinist and was thirty-two years old when
he enrolled for enlistment. It is quite likely that his patriotism was
largely responsible for the names of eight other Brattleboro machinists
being added to the recruiting officer's list. The other machinists were
Levi E. Knight, 22; George W. Pierce, 23; Henry L. Franklin, 22;
George A. Frankhn, 24; Henry L. Cooley, 19; James R. Coolidge, 21;
William Gore, 24, and Elisha L. Keables, 18. Of the first list of seventy-
five men enrolled by Mr. Goodhue forty-nine were Brattleboro men.
At the meeting on the Common it was decided to begin drilling imme-
diately, and the Town Hall was considered large enough for drill purposes.
Colonel Charles A. Miles, then at the head of the boys' school in which
military instruction was a part of the curriculum, John S. Tyler, a law
student, and E. A. Todd, a medical student, were the drilling officers.
Not only was the patriotism of the young men at fever heat but that
of the boys was manifested in various ways. During the first week after
Recruiting Officer Goodhue received his papers and called for recruits,
two youngsters appeared before him to enlist. When they came to be
measured in their stocking feet it was discovered that they had stuffed
their handkerchiefs into the heels of their stockings to bring their height
up to the five feet four and a half inches required. They were turned
away much chagrined.
Brattleboro took early steps to care for the families of her loyal men
and a special town meeting was held May 8, at which it was voted to
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR 763
raise a tax of ten cents on the dollar of the grand Hst to be paid to the
town treasurer not later than June 15. This fund was to be distributed
by the selectmen in aiding volunteers and to provide for the families of
volunteers while the head of the family might be in the service of his
country.
With the announcement that Fort Sumter had been fired upon, and the
news three days later that the garrison had surrendered, the loyalty of
the men of Brattleboro was manifested. The display of flags, conversion
of supporters of secession to union principles by methods not particularly
diplomatic, and the burning of effigies of Jefferson Davis the week follow-
ing the beginning of hostilities, naturally aroused the enthusiasm of the
inhabitants of this village. There was a delay of over a week before the
recruiting officer received his commission after President Lincoln issued
his first call for volunteers, but with the announcement that the documents
had arrived, it required but a few hours to raise a company of men from
which was made up the first company to go south from the town of
Brattleboro.
The first troops left here June 6, 1861. The old Mazeppa Engine
Company, which preceded the Phcenix Engine Company and which had its
headquarters "over the brook," as South Main Street and Canal Street
were then called, acted as escort to the members of Company C. Rain
came down in torrents, but the firemen headed the procession and
marched to the station where the leave-taking was extremely touching.
The few lines printed in a newspaper the following week tell briefly of
the sorrow-stricken throng of mothers, sisters and sweethearts, who
gathered to bid good-by to the flower of Brattleboro's young manhood —
the first pick of the loyal men of the town^the men of Company C of the
Second Vermont.
When it left town, the Brattleboro company bore no letter of designa-
tion. The men had been quartered at Fayetteville (Newfane) and
received orders to march to Brattleboro Tuesday, June 4. The command
marched from Wakefield's hotel at Fayetteville, a distance of twelve
miles, in three hours. When the march from Brattleboro to the camp-
ground in Newfane was made, the men were on the road about four hours.
In connection with the stay of the recruits at Fayetteville it will be inter-
esting to know that the hotel charged the soldiers $3.10 a week for board.
When the men received orders to return to Brattleboro from Fayette-
ville the uniforms for the new company were ready, having been made
by two local firms, Pratt, Wright & Company, and Cune & Brackett. Each
firm was given a contract for forty uniforms. They were shipped by
express to Burlington Tuesday, June 6. They consisted of frock coat,
pantaloons and cap of gray "doeskin" with blue cord. It appears that
764 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
there were in those days of trouble unscrupulous Vermonters who were
willing to take advantage of the state's necessity by unloading a large
quantity of poor material upon the quartermaster's department. No
sooner had the uniforms made by the local firms from cloth bought of a
government contractor, Mitchell & Company of Felchville, been received,
than a protest was raised. Criticism of the Felchville manufacturer was
upon everyone's lips and it was claimed that the uniforms furnished the
men of the Second Regiment were composed of cloth nearly half cotton
and of coarse, harsh texture. The statement was made that here in
Brattleboro all-wool uniforms could have been bought for $1 more than
the shoddy uniforms were sold to the state for. Each of the forty uni-
forms made by Cune & Brackett carried a Bible in the coat pocket when
the suits were forwarded to Burlington. The young women who made
the suits paid for the Bibles.
George C. Hall presented, in May, 1861, to each private and non-
commissioned officer, a rubber blanket of superior manufacture, a rubber
mattress to each commissioned officer and a regulation sword. Philip
Wells presented the company a Newfoundland dog named Tiger.
In addition to the many little articles presented to the men, each soldier
was given a havelock. During the last few weeks that the soldiers
remained in Brattleboro and Newfane, local photographers were busy
making sittings and but few of the men of Company C left home without
having their pictures taken.
The following were the officers of the company which marched down
Main Street from the Common: Captain, Edward A. Todd; first lieuten-
ant, John S. Tyler; second lieutenant, Forester A. Prouty; sergeants,
Elijah Wales, Francis A. Gleason, Levi E. Knight, Henry H. Prouty and
Nelson S. Cole; corporals, Russell Benjamin, Charles B. Rice, Frederick
S. Miller, Charles S. Gould, Henry L. Franklin, Charles R. Briggs, Elisha
L. Keables and Royall O. Fife.
The company was composed as follows : Elijah Wales, machinist, Brat-
tleboro, 33; Levi E. Knight, machinist, Brattleboro, 22; George W.
Pierce, machinist, Brattleboro, 23; Rinaldo N. Hescock, farmer, Brattle-
boro, 25 ; Russell Benjamin, hostler, Brattleboro, 32 ; Warren V. Hough-
ton, farmer. Putney, 22 ; Henry L. Franklin, machinist, Brattleboro, 22 ;
George A. Franklin, machinist, Brattleboro, 24; Albert Mason, farmer,
Newfane, 21 ; Albert W. Metcalf, farmer, Westminster, 21 ; Daniel S.
Franklin, painter, Brattleboro, 24; Danford A. Bugbee, farmer, Dover,
21; Royall O. Fife, farmer, Halifax, 23; Charles R. Briggs, hostler, Brat-
tleboro, 23; Charles B. Rice, truckman, Brattleboro, 22; Frank V. Ladd,
painter, Brattleboro, 23 ; Henry C. Campbell, farmer. Putney, 24 ; Waldo
D. Russell, farmer, Brattleboro, 21 ; Joseph R. Wheeler, painter. Brattle-
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR 765
boro, 32; Robert P. Lord, farmer, Brattleboro, 22; William F. Willard,
farmer. Putney, 22 ; Edwin W. Bugbee, farmer, Dover, 22 ; Charles S.
Gould, farmer, Ludlow, 24; Argy N. Samson, farmer, Putney, 21 ; Albert
D. Kendall, farmer, Brattleboro, 24 ; George P. Butterfield, farmer, Brat-
tleboro, 27 ; Joel P. Butterfield, farmer, Brattleboro, 30 ; James W. Ben-
nett, carpenter, Brattleboro, 29 ; Francis Miller, harness maker, Brattle-
boro, 36 ; James C. Ripley, farmer, Brattleboro, 21 ; Dorr Blood, hostler.
Putney, 24 ; William Foster, farmer, Brattleboro, 20 ; James E. Holbrook,
farmer, Marlboro, 23 ; George M. Colt, farmer, Brattleboro, 31 ; John P.
Ripley, farmer, Brattleboro, 22 ; E. A. Todd, medical student, Brattleboro,
21; John S. Tyler, law student, Brattleboro, 19; William B. Thomas,
painter, Brattleboro, 26; Edward A. Stearns, clerk (superintendent),
Brattleboro, 21 ; Henry A. Richardson, farmer, Brattleboro, 19 ; Kirk
Rand, blacksmith, Brattleboro, 81 ; Francis A. Gleason, carpenter, Brat-
tleboro, 27; Charles L. Gould, farmer, Brattleboro, 21; Henry L. Cooley,
machinist, Brattleboro, 19 ; John M. Lamphere, blacksmith, Brattleboro,
18 ; George B. Prouty, farmer, Brattleboro, 19 ; Rufus Emerson, black-
smith, Brattleboro, 26; Elbridge Emerson, farmer, Brattleboro, 25;
Charles J. Stockwell, farmer, Brattleboro, 25 ; Nelson S. Cole, painter,
Brattleboro, 22 ; Madison Cook, farmer, Brattleboro, 18 ; James R.
Coolidge, machinist, Brattleboro, 21 ; Martin L. Fox, farmer, Brattleboro,
22; Samuel E. Harrington, farmer, Wardsboro, 18; Albert L. Graves,
farmer, Vernon, 19 ; Philander A. Streeter, carriage maker, Vernon, 20 ;
Edward P. Gilson, paper maker, Brattleboro, 19 ; Frederick A. Stoddard,
student, Townshend, 19; William Gore, machinist (sup), Brattleboro,
24; Henry H. Prouty, printer, Brattleboro, 19; Forester A. Prouty, har-
ness maker, Brattleboro, 35; Edwin P. Baldwin, farmer, Marlboro, 18;
Austin A. Harris, farmer, Vernon, 22 ; William H. Foster, farmer, Dum-
merston, 22; Elisha L. Keables, machinist, Brattleboro, 18; Uriel J.
Streeter, farmer, Dummerston, 24; Edgar E. Adams, clerk, Brattleboro,
18 ; Dennis Chase, farmer, Townshend, 23 ; George A. Rice, farmer,
Wilmington, 18 ; Walter S. Barclay, clerk, Brattleboro, 19 ; Frank F.
Miller, clerk, Newfane, 24; Leonard C. Bemis, farmer, Newfane, 24;
Frederick B. Felton, farmer, Townshend, 21 ; Robert Bradley, machinist,
Brattleboro, 22 ; William W. Clark, farmer, Brattleboro, 19 ; Edmund P.
Howe, clerk, Newfane, 22 ; Henry L. Lamb, Newfane, 22 ; R. Morton
Pratt, farmer, Newfane, 22 ; Thomas J. Leonard, farmer, Whitingham,
25 ; L. Fay Bowker, farmer, W^ilmington, 19 ; Charles W. Brown, shoe-
maker, Brattleboro, 24 ; Leonard W. Simonds, drummer, Brattleboro, 16 ;
Fred W. Simonds, fifer, Brattleboro, 20 ; Eri G. Baldwin, painter, Brat-
tleboro, 26 ; Benjamin F. Davis, hostler, Brattleboro.
The officers mentioned above were the unanimous choice of the men.
766 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
When Captain Todd and his company reached Burlington he was in-
formed that the Brattleboro men would be known as Company C. The
regiment remained in camp at Burlington until June 24, when it received
orders to leave for Washington and left the same day for the capitol.
Colonel Phelps was promoted to be brigadier-general about the time the
regiment left Newport News to return home, and remained in command
of that post after its departure. The regiment arrived in Brattleboro at
midnight August 7. The next morning they pitched camp at "Camp
Phelps," and remained there eight months. Seventeen sick men were
placed in a temporary hospital in the upper story of the Brattleboro
House. Two hundred and fifty of the regiment afterwards received com-
missions.
The Second Regiment of Volunteers was a notable one; the first of
the three years' regiments, it was longer in the service than any other
Vermont organization except one. It had a share in almost every battle
fought by the Army of the Potomac from the first Bull Run to the sur-
render of Lee. Seven hundred and fifty-one, or forty per cent of the
men, were killed and wounded in action.
Captain Edward A. Todd' was the youngest captain in the line in the
first battle of Bull Run and received a ball in the throat ; he resigned in
January, 1862, but subsequently enlisted in the Eleventh Vermont and
served through the war. He was again wounded at the battle of Win-
chester.
In the battle of the Wilderness Colonel Stone was killed, and the com-
mand devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel John Steele Tyler of Brattle-
boro, Company C.
Of this company Major Elijah Wales came to Brattleboro from Dor-
chester, Massachusetts, at twenty years of age, and was in the employ
of the Woodcock & Vinton paper mill when Sumter fell. He was the
first man to enlist from Brattleboro in Captain Todd's company. Com-
pany C, Second Vermont Volunteers.
The following is a list of battles in which he took part : Bull Run, Lee's
Mills, siege of Yorlstown, Williamsburg, Gaines's Mills, Golding's Farm,
Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, second Bull Run,
Crampton's Pass, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Bank's
Ford, second Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Funkstown, Rappahannock
Station, Mine Run, Locust Grove, the Wilderness, Opequan, Winchester,
Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburg.
He was four times wounded, twice severely. He left Brattleboro as
sergeant orderly, was soon made second lieutenant, March, 1862, and first
1 Captain Todd lived while in Brattleboro in the house which Doctor Holton
owned for many years.
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR 767
lieutenant in the fall of the same year ; he had uncommon bravery and
devotion to the cause. He was in command in the battle of Cedar Creek.
He was made brevet major near the close of the war, for conspicuous
bravery, and was mustered out July 14, 1865.
George RI. Colt enlisted May 1, 1861, in Company C, Second Regiment,
Vermont Volunteers, with whom he served until June 29, 1864. He was
wounded at Salem Heights May 4, 1863, and at Funkstown, Maryland,
July 10, 1863 ; also severely wounded in the battle of the Wilderness May
5, 1864.
Benjamin F. Davis enlisted in Company C, Second Vermont Infantry,
and was rejected on account of nearsightedness. In January, 1862, he
was wagoner for Company I, Eighth Regiment, and was discharged on
account of disability July 15, 1862 ; he enlisted again, December, 1863,
in Company F, First Vermont Cavalry; mustered out June 9, 1865. He
was a brave soldier.
Charles B. Rice enlisted in Company C, Second Vermont Volunteers,
May 18, 1861. He was severely wounded in both legs in the battle of
Bull Run, was captured at Sudley Church and was in prison in Richmond
for six months, becoming very ill and emaciated, so that he was discharged
November 29, 1862, when he returned to Brattleboro.
Fred W. Simonds enlisted in Company C, Second Vermont Regiment,
as fifer, and was afterwards transferred to the brigade band, where he
played tuba. He was three years in the army.
Silas W. Richardson enlisted in Company A, Second Vermont Volun-
teers, August 16, 1862, and served three years. He was severely wounded
in the fight at Marye's Heights May 3, 1863, was transferred to the
hospital at Brattleboro, and after recovery was detailed as orderly for
Colonel William Austine, transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps and
mustered out July 1, 1865.
The organization of the Third Regiment began at the same time as
that of the Second, but was not as quickly completed.
George F. Britton of Brattleboro served during the war as a sharp-
shooter in Company H, and was in twenty-two battles.
The regiments mustered in Brattleboro were the Fourth, Eighth, Ninth,
Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth,
and the First Light Battery.
The Fourth Regiment, under the command of Colonel E. H. Stoughton,
aged twenty-three, went into "Camp Holbrook," Brattleboro, September
12-14, and left for the seat of war September 21, 1861. The preceding
regiments had been uniformed by the state, in gray; but the uniforms of
the Fourth were furnished by the general government, and were of army
768 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
blue (dark blue blouses and light trousers) with hats of black felt. The
arms were Enfield rifles. The standard bearer was six feet seven and a
half inches tall. Most of the field and staff officers were younger than
those of the other regiments.
The Fourth was in a brigade with four other Vermont regiments and
took part in nearly twenty-five battles, including Fredericksburg, Gettys-
burg, the Wilderness and the twelve-day^ battle at Cold Harbor. Its
total killed and wounded was five hundred and fifty-six. Seventy-seven
of its members died in Confederate prisons ; practically every member
of the company sustained one or more wounds during the war.
Major John C. Tyler, Captain Dennie W. Farr, Captain Edward W.
Carter and William C. Holbrook, first lieutenant of Company F, were
from Brattleboro.
James Everett Alden was a member of Company F, Fourth Vermont
Volunteers, and was taken prisoner at Ream's Station, Virginia, by the
Eighth Regiment, Alabama Infantry. He was confined first in Libby
Prison, but that being overcrowded (the maximum number during Mr.
Alden's stay was thirty-eight thousand), he was transferred to the Pem-
broke and another prison in Richmond, then to Danville and Anderson-
ville ; later for short periods to stockades at Savannah, Georgia, Mellen,
Virginia, and in Florida. This policy of moving the prisoners from place
to place was to frustrate raids by United States cavalry in the effort to
liberate Union soldiers. While fighting at Bank's Ford, Mr. Alden was
hit on the left shoulder by a piece of a shell which had burst within a few
feet of him. He was rendered unconscious, and for a time it was feared
that he had been fatally injured.
George W. Hooker enlisted as private in Company F, Fourth Vermont,
and was promoted successively to be sergeant major and second lieuten-
ant ; he served on the staffs of General Stoughton and of. General Stan-
nard, then was appointed by President Lincoln assistant adjutant-general
of volunteers and served until mustered out with rank of lieutenant-
colonel in 1865.
Herbert E. Taylor enlisted September, 1861, in Company F, Fourth
Vermont, served three years, and was twice severely wounded in the
battle of the Wilderness.
Isaac K. Allen, who lived in Brattleboro after the war, enlisted Septem-
ber 19, 1861, in Company F, Fourth Vermont Regiment. On a seven
days' retreat in front of Richmond he was awarded the sergeant's stripes
by Colonel Houghton for an act of bravery.
Captain Edward Carter enlisted in the Fourth Vermont, and was pro-
moted through the various grades, on account of gallant service, until he
received the rank of captain. He participated in many battles, including
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR 769
those of Hampton, Yorktown, Young's Mills, Fort Magruder, Cold Har-
bor, before Richmond, Seven Days' Battles, Cedar Mountain, second Bull
Run, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Rappahannock,
Harper's Station, Wilderness, Winchester and Charleston. In the battle
of the Wilderness he received three wounds within an hour, being shot
through the abdomen, which made his case one of the most famous in
the history of medical science.
In the Fifth Regiment were Lieutenant-Colonel Addison Brown,
Junior, who died March 3, 1865, from disease contracted in the service,
Adjutant Charles F. Leonard, Eli Collins and Henry H. Huntley, soldiers.
Benjamin R. Jenne recruited a company at Rutland and was mustered
in as captain of Company G, Fifth Vermont Volunteers. He participated
in several battles in which the Army of the Potomac was engaged, and in
the latter part of 1863 was assigned as commander of the camp at Brat-
tleboro, where recruits were drilled for the army. At the close of the
war he was brevetted major.
Lorenzo Elmer, Erastus Simonds and Solomon W. Wilder were of
the Sixth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers.
Wallace Pratt, when sixteen years of age, enlisted in Company E, Sixth
Regiment, Vermont Volunteers, and served until the end of the war, being
mustered out June 26, 1865.
The service of the first six regiments was confined to the theater of
war within one hundred and fifty miles of the national capital, but the
field was now changed from Virginia to Louisiana.
In 1861 in his message to the Legislature Governor Holbrook an-
nounced that two more regiments would be required, in addition to the
six three-year regiments already raised, to fill the quota of Vermont
under existing calls for troops. The Seventh Regiment was therefore
recruited under an act to raise and equip a regiment to serve until the
expiration of three years from June 1, 1861. William C. Holbrook, son
of the governor, though not yet of age, had seen a year's service as first
lieutenant of Company F, Fourth Regiment, and was appointed major of
the Seventh, and George E. Selleck, second lieutenant ; the chaplain,
Reverend Francis C. Williams, was also from Brattleboro. The Seventh
Regiment was assigned to General B. F. Butler's division at Ship Island
and, on their arrival at their destination, were glad to be under the com-
mand of Colonel Phelps, the old commander of the First Vermont. He
had already made friction between himself and General Butler and the
government at Washington — which finally resulted in his resignation — by
issuing his famous proclamation, declaring slavery incompatible with
free government.
770 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
August 26, 1863, Major Holbrook was appointed colonel, and the regi-
ment returned to Brattleboro on a thirty days' furlough in August. Two
officers and fifty-seven men were mustered out. Three hundred and fifty
members of the regiment were left buried on the banks of the Mississippi
and in Florida. Two hundred were discharged in shattered health. Only
one-half returned to the seat of war, the Department of the Gulf, in the
campaign against Mobile. Colonel Holbrook resigned June 2, after four
years of service.
Frank H. Emerson, John Jenkins and Frank Matto were among the
soldiers. Frank H. Emerson enlisted as drummer boy in Company H,
Seventh Regiment, Vermont Volunteers, October 21, 1863 ; he was mus-
tered out May 22, 1865. He was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry, and
soon after was sent to Chicago and exchanged. He was selected as the
model for the figure of the drummer boy on the Lincoln monument in
Springfield, Illinois.
The battles of the Seventh Regiment were : the siege of Vicksburg,
Baton Rouge, Gonzales Station, Mobile campaign, Spanish Fort, Whistler.
The Eighth Regiment was the next to go into camp here, being mus-
tered into service February 18, 1862. Doctor George F. Gale was
appointed surgeon of the Eighth, December 10, 1861. At Ship Island the
Eighth Regiment was assigned to the command of General John W.
Phelps, who had begun to organize and drill negroes, for which he was
reprimanded by General Butler. June 6, 1862, Doctor Gale resigned
and returned home.
George E. Selleck enlisted in the Eighth Vermont Regiment as a pri-
vate. He was sergeant, promoted to second lieutenant and first lieutenant,
and was in command of Company I in the Shenandoah Valley under
General Sheridan in the fall of 1864. He was honorably discharged in
February, 1865.
The twenty-first of May, 1862, Governor Holbrook was directed to
raise an additional regiment of infantry. Recruiting stations were estab-
lished, and Francis Goodhue was appointed recruiting officer for Brattle-
boro.
Captain S. E. Howard enlisted. as a private and rose to be captain in
the Eighth Vermont Infantry.
July 1, 1862, Governor Holbrook had issued a stirring proclamation:
"Let no young man capable of bearing arms in defense of his country,
linger at this important period. Let the President feel the strengthening
influence of our prompt and hearty response to his call. Let Vermont be
one of the first states to respond with her quota."
The Ninth Regiment was mustered July 9, 1862.
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR . 771
The twelfth of August, 1862, a general order was given by Governor
Holbrook calling into active service all militia companies in the state,
including the Brattleboro company from Brattleboro, Putney, Dummers-
ton, Guilford and Westminster, organized August 28.
Robert G. Hardie served for two years in the Ninth Regiment and
was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry. On his return home, he took a
position in the quartermaster's department.
Major David W. Lewis enlisted June 4, 1862, in Company K, Ninth
Vermont Regiment, for three years, and on July 3 of the same year was
promoted to captain. His whole term of service was active field duty
in Virginia and North Carolina, commencing in the Shenandoah Valley .'^
He was in command of his regiment several times and led two companies
at Yale's Creek and Red House, North Carolina. He was taken prisoner
at Winchester, Virginia, and confined in a private house there from Sep-
tember 2, 1862, to the last of October, when he was paroled and ex-
changed. He was honorably discharged in September, 1864, at Newbern,
North Carolina, for disability.
The recruiting officer of the Ninth Regiment was Colonel John Hunt. ■
The camp at Brattleboro was named Camp Bradley after Honorable Wil-
liam C. Bradley, then in his eighty-first year.
Thomas Morse was the only soldier from Brattleboro in the Tenth
Regiment, which was mustered September 1, 1862, the same date on
which the Eleventh was mustered.
Doctor Benjamin Ketchum went to the front as surgeon of the Tenth
Vermont Regulars.
Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings, editor of The Phoenix, and for a year
the popular clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives, enlisted in
the Eleventh Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. He was chosen first lieu-
tenant of Company E, and a month later, lieutenant-colonel of the Six-
teenth. He was killed while commanding that regiment in battle at Poplar
Grove Church, in front of Petersburg.
The Twelfth Regiment went into "Camp Lincoln" at Brattleboro Sep-
tember 25, with Colonel E. H. Stoughton, commandant, and on October 4
was mustered into service by Major William Austine, U. S. A. Edward
N. Ladd and Henry A. Reynolds were the Brattleboro boys in this
regiment.
Barney F. Pratt enlisted as a private in Company B, Twelfth Vermont
Regiment. Although only a little more than nine months in the service
Mr. Pratt served as mounted orderly to General Stoughton, was in Libby
1 His sword, picked up by a Confederate on the field of battle, was returned to him
fifty years later.
772 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
prison sixteen days and fought in the battle of Gettysburg. On the night
of March 9, 1863, at Fairfax Court House, Mr. Pratt, General Stoughton,
and twenty-three others were taken prisoners by Colonel Mosby and a
squad of twenty-five picked men of his command. Mr. Pratt was side by
side with Henry H. Miller of Brattleboro in support of a battery at the
top of the ridge when Pickett's men made their famous charge. It was
here that he was mustered out with the regiment.
The Thirteenth Regiment was mustered October 10, 1863.
The Fourteenth Regiment was mustered October 21, 1863.
The Fifteenth Regiment was mustered October 32, 1863.
The Sixteenth Regiment companies were recruited in Windham and
Windsor Counties, and were mustered October 33, 1863.
Captain Robert B. Arms, a native of Brattleboro, the son of Hinsdale
and Theda (Butterfield) Arms, was instrumental in raising Company
B, Sixteenth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers, enlisted August 11, 1863,
and was mustered into service as captain October 33 of that year. By
reason of the expiration of his term of enlistment he was discharged
October 10, 1863, and was soon afterwards appointed quartermaster with
headquarters at Burlington. November 1, 1866, Captain Arms was ap- ,
pointed inspector of customs under Stannard for the port of Burlington. i
He also acted as treasurer at the custom house for many years, holding \
the post as a most trusty and efficient man under all the collectors, both 1
Republican and Democratic. At his death he filled the position of deputy |
collector and acting disbursing agent. He was a' member of Stannard j
Post, G. A. R., and was registrar of the Vermont Commandery of the |
Loyal Legion. '
Lieutenant John F. Vinton, Lieutenant Charles A. Norcross and Lieu- j
tenant Charles F. Simonds were from Brattleboro. Fred T. Stewart j
enlisted August 3, 1863. Oman Prescott, Junior, enlisted in Company |
B, Sixteenth Vermont Volunteers, was mustered in October 23, 1863, j
and was mustered out August 10, 1863. He was in the battle of Gettys- '
burg. John M. Joy enlisted in Company B of the Sixteenth Vermont ;
(nine months' men) September, 1862; was at the battle of Gettysburg; :
July 2, 1863, was shot in the left thigh and was sent home to be mustered
out with the company August 10. Edwin H. Putnam enlisted in Company
B of the Sixteenth Vermont August 10, 1863. Major George H. Bond,
at the age of sixteen, enlisted in Company I, Sixteenth Vermont Regi-
ment, Second Brigade; served under Veazey and Stannard in defense of
Washington and Ge'ttysburg till his discharge in 1863. In 1864, at the time
of the St. Albans raid, he enlisted in the State Militia for two years. In
June, 1873, he reenlisted in the National Guard as private in Company I.
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR 773
The duty of this faithful officer in the National Guard was almost
continuous for a period of over thirty-five years, and he served in all the
grades from private to a general officer by brevet, except that of corporal
and second lieutenant. While serving as a major in 1886, he was in com-
mand of a pi-ovisional, or separate, battalion. Charles R. Briggs enlisted
in Company B, Sixteenth Vermont Regiment ; mustered October 23,
serving nine months. He was promoted to corporal February 14, 1863;
he was in the battle of Gettysburg. D. S. Pratt was active in recruiting
Company B, Sixteenth Vermopt Volunteers, and at the close of the war
was made quartermaster of the First Vermont Regiment.
Jerry Connell and John Kellry were soldiers from Brattleboro in the
Seventeenth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers.
Henry C. Streeter enlisted and was enrolled in Company F, First Ver-
mont Cavalry in 1860. This was the only regiment of cavalry raised in
the Civil War which participated in seventy-five engagements, in forty-
two of which he, as private, sergeant, second and first lieutenants and
captain had his part. The regiment was present at the surrender of
General Lee at Appomattox. He was severely wounded through the
body, receiving at the same time a wound in the left arm, but was absent
only three months, when he rejoined his command. He was mustered
out August 9, 1865. Lorenzo D. Keyes enlisted with Company F, First
Vermont Cavalry, and served three years and six months. He was taken
prisoner at the battle of Cedar Creek and confined two months in prison
on Belle Island, then transferred to Winchester prison for two months.
A physical wreck, he served out the remainder of his time as a wagoner
for officers. Almon B. Gibbs served in the First Vermont Cavalry, Com-
pany F, being with the ambulance corps most of the time. He carried the
only flag that waved over General Banks's retreat in the Shenandoah
campaign.
Franklin F. Holbrook, son of Governor Holbrook, during the last three
years of the war, as commissioner for the care of sick and disabled
soldiers, visited and attended to the wants of twelve thousand Vermont
soldiers in over one hundred hospitals.
William Scott was the Vermont soldier in the war of the Rebellion
who was found asleep at his post at midnight and was condemned by a
court-martial to be executed on a certain day. Through the herculean
efforts of the governor, public officials and others. President Lincoln
heard his case — -twenty-two years old, always faithful — and granted a
pardon. But President Lincoln became so anxious lest it should arrive
too late that he drove to brigade headquarters himself.
Luke Ferriter of Brattleboro was on picket duty at the same place in
774 ANNALS OF BJRATTLEBORO
the early part of the night, and William Scott relieved him at eleven o'clock
seeming all right in every way. The officer of the guard found him
leaning against a tree unconscious, and took his gun from him.
Mr. Ferriter was obliged to testify against him, and was one of twelve
men detailed as the firing squad. They were drawn up in a position to
fire upon the prisoner, who stood seventy feet away blindfolded, awaiting
his fate. All at once excitement was caused by a cloud of dust and the
arrival of the President, who thus made sure the young soldier's salvation
from a death of disgrace.
Luke Ferriter, whose parents would not consent to his entering the army
at seventeen, ran away and under the name Charles Smith enlisted at
Springfield, Vermont, May 12, 1861, in Company A, Third Vermont In-
fantry under Colonel Veazey, and was mustered into the service July 16.
He fought in the battles of Lee's Mills, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Gold-
ing's Farm, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Crampton's Gap, Antie-
tam, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Jenks-
town, Rappahannock Station, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, in which battle
he was wounded May 13, 1863; Petersburg, Charlestown, Opequan,
Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek.
Soldiers, 1861-1865
The town of Brattleboro furnished officers and soldiers in the late Civil
War as follows :
Officers
Brigadier-General John W. Phelps, U. S. Volunteers.
Colonel John S. Tyler, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Colonel William C. Holbrook, 7th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant-Colonel Addison Brown, Jr., 5th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Cummings, 16th and 17th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant-Colonel George B. Kellogg, 1st Vt. Cavalry.
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel N. C. Sawyer, Ad'l P. M., U. S. Volunteers.
Major J. C. Tyler, 4th Vt. Volunteers.
Major Robert Schofield, 1st Vt. Cavalry.
Brevet Major Elijah Wales, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Brevet Major R. W. Clarke, A. Q. M., U. S. Volunteers.
Surgeon George F. Gale, 8th Vt. Volunteers.
Surgeon Henry Spohn, 17th Vt. Volunteers.
Chaplain Francis C. Williams, 8th Vt. Volunteers.
Adjutant Charles F. Leonard, 5th Vt. Volunteers.
Adjutant George W. Gould, 9th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant M. H. Wooster, R. C, 1st Vt. Cavalry.
Lieutenant Samuel H. Price, R. Q. M., out of State.
Lieutenant J. Warren Hyde, out of State.
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR
Captain Charles F. Rockwell, U. S. A.
Captain Henry H. Prouty, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Captain Edward A. Todd, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Captain Dennie W. Farr, 4th Vt. Volunteers.
Captain Edward W. Carter, 4th Vt. Volunteers.
Captain David W. Lewis, 9th Vt. Volunteers.
Captain A. E. Leavenworth, 9th Vt. Volunteers.
Captain Robert B. Arms, 16th Vt. Volunteers.
Captain Charles D. Merriam, Vt. Sharpshooters.
Captain Clark P. Stone, 1st Vt. Cavalry.
Lieutenant James G. Howard, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant H. L. Franklin, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant F. A. Gleason, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant Rufus Emerson, 2d Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant George E. Selleck, 8th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant Henry H. Rice, 9th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant John F. Vinton, 16th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant Charles A. Norcross, 16th Vt. Volunteers.
Lieutenant Charles F. Simonds, 16th Vt. \'olunteers.
Lieutenant Fred Spaulding, Vt. Sharpshooters.
Lieutenant N. E. Haywood, 1st Vt. Cavalry.
775
Soldiers fo
Adams, Edgar E.
Baldwin, Eri G.
Barclay, Walter S.
Barrett, John W.
Benjamin, Russell
Bennett, James W.
Bradley, Robert
Briggs, Charles R.
Brown, Charles W
Butterfield, George
Butterfield, Joel P.
Clark, William W.
Cole, Nelson S.
Colt, George M.
Cook, Madison
Cooley, Henry L.
Donavan, Timothy
Emerson, Elbridge
Foster, William
;■ the Second Regiment, Vc
Franklin, Daniel S.
Franklin, George A.
Gilson, Edward P.
Griffin, James
Gore, William
Gould, Charles S.
Hescock, Rinaldo S.
Hill, George
Holbrook, James E.
Holman, Frederick B.
Hopkins, Henry W.
Keables, Elisha L.
Kendall, Albert D.
Knight, Levi E.
Ladd, Frank V.
Lamphere, John M.
Lord, Robert P.
Paddleford, F. G.
Pierce, George W.
H.
P.
nnoiit Volunteers
Prouty, George B.
Rand, Kirk L.
Rice, Charles B.
Richardson, H. A.
Ripley, James C.
Ripley, John P.
Russell, Waldo N.
Simonds, Fred W.
Simonds, L. W.
Smith, Timothy J.
Stearns, Edward A.
Stockwell, Charles J.
Thomas, William B.
Tyler, Rufus C.
Webber, Joshua C.
W'heeler, Joseph R.
Wood, William
776
ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
For the Third Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Alexander, Caleb H. Elmer, Edward S. Ober, Henry
Barr)-, George W. Fairfield, Alvin D. Ober, Joseph R.
Britton, George F. Ferriter, Luke Peabody, Ariel
Brockway, John R. Herney, John Putnam, William E.
Carpenter, Fred A. Manning, John Smith, Charles
Carter, Wright C. Mason, Almon Witt, Lucien A.
Davis, Noyes J. Newall, Lucien D.
For the
Alden, James E.
Allen, Isaac K.
Arms, Edwin H.
Blake, John
Bradley, Samuel, Jr.
Carter, Albert A.
Cassey, Daniel
Chamberlain, C. H.
Cummings, C. W.
Fisher, Ezra
Fisher, Roscoe
Gibbs, Elijah
Gould, Charles L.
Fourth Regiment, Vcrmo
Graves, Albert A.
Graves, Henry D.
Graves, Willard R.
Haley, Charles O.
Haley, John H.
Hall, Charles E.
Harris, Charles H.
Hosley, Wayland N.
Houghton, James S.
Kendall, Luke W.
Keplinger, Edward
Klinger, Ferdinand
Mahoney, Dennis
nt Volunteers
Mills, Daniel B.
Parker, Alvin J.
Powers, Oscar N.
Rodgers, George M.
Russell, William R.
Ryther, D. Jewett
Slate, Charles S.
Stearns, George A.
Turner, Theodore J.
Weatherbee, A. R.
Wheeler, John
Collins, Eli
For the Fifth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Huntley, Henry H.
For the Sixth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Elmer, Lorenzo Simonds, Erastus Wilder, Solomon W.
For the Seventh Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Emerson, Frank H. Jenkins, John Matto, Frank
For the E
Akley, Clark B.
Akley, Willard H.
Bartlett, C. A.
Bingham, Albert H.
Connelly, Michael
Davis, Benjamin F.
Fletcher, Joseph W.
Haynes, Edward W.
Ighth Regiment, Vermont
Howard, Ariel
Howard, James W.
Howard, William E.
Howe, John C.
Martin, Daniel
Moyenhein, Humphrey '
Plummer, George F.
Prouty, Emerson F.
Volunteers
Richardson, O. W.
Ward, Austin H.
Wheeler, Allen M.
Wheeler, Edward L.
Wood, Chester N.
Wood, Lewis A.
Woodman, John F.
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR
111
For the Ninth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Baker, Charles E. Jones, Robert G. Sears, Michael
Burt, George E. Marcy, Thomas E. Smith, George
Butler, Charles P. Martin, William H. Stygles, Minard
Butler, William P. Potter, John C. Wandell, Nelson
Butterfield, William H. Powers, Martin K. Ward, Gilbert M.
Hardie, Robert G. Randall, James P. B. Wright, Edwin S.
For the Tenth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Morse, Thomas B.
For the Elei^enth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Chamberlin, D. J. Ferry, Charles N. Kellogg, Aaron
Colburn, Warren Herney, James M. Nichols, George W.
Crandall, John J. Holding, Frank H. Pellett, John C.
Eels, Henry Kelley, Michael
For the
Allen, Alexander G.
Baker, Chandler A.
Clark, Charles A.
Clark, Eugene
Cole, Harrison A.
Covey, Clark S.
Davis, John
Edwards, Horace B
Elliot, WiUiam H.
Ellis, William T.
Fisher, Ezra E.
Fisher, Oscar A.
Fisher, Stanford M
Gray, Fred S.
Gray, James F.
Twelfth Regiment, Vermoi
Gray, John H.
Hescock, Warren A.
Howard, Albert M.
Joy, John M.
Lawrence, Richard
Miller, Henry H.
Miller, Thomas J.
Newman, John L.
Pratt, Barney F.
Putnam, Edwin H.
Ranney, Peter
Remington, Charles H.
Rice, William K.
Richardson, L. S.
Rood, Nathan G.
it Volunteers
Root, Frederick D.
Sargent, Rodney B.
Stedman, D. Bissell
Stockwell, Fred
Stockwell, George S.
Stowe, Alonzo T.
Thomas, Chester W.
Walker, George A.
Weatherhead, Drury
Wheeler, George B.
White, Abner G.
White, Albert S.
Yeaw, Fred J.
For the Seventeenth Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Connell, Jerry Kelley, John
For the Vermont Sharpshooters
Cooper, Abraham C. Priest, Milo C. Walton, David S.
Hammond, N. B. . Sprague, Watson N. Worden, Elisha A.
Knowlton, F. N. Streeter, Fred F.
778
ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
For the
Aldrich, James D.
Bartleff, Thomas E.
Church, Benjamin O.
Crosby, George R.
Cune, Dexter
Dinsmore, Charles A.
Ellis, James W.
Farr, Charles R.
Fisher, William H.
First Regiment, Vermont Cavalry
Forbush, Charles W.
Forbush, George H.
Gale, Charles
Gevaris, Henry
Gibbs, Almond B.
Hildreth, Austin O.
Howe, Nathan B.
Keyes, Lorenzo D.
Prouty, Forester A.
Remington, F. E.
Saunders, James
Smith, Hervey
Strong, Calvin D.
Wallen, Harrison
Wellman, Samuel F.
Whipple, John E.
For the United States Colored Volunteers
Green, Daniel S. Loney, Benjamin Matthews, H.
For the Tzvelfth Regiment, United States Infantry
Smith, Charles Stone, Levi
For the United States Navy
'Brineck, Charles Flynn, Patrick Simonds, Charles H.
Buckley, Addison McGrath, James Sullivan, John
Conner, Harvey Meyers, John
Duncan, Adam Richardson, William
For Other State Organisations
Clark, John Manning, Michael Warner, Henry
Estey, James R. Moore, Patrick
Long, Job Robinson, Daniel S.
Substitutes furnished not named above, 55
Citizens paying commutation $300, each, 22
Recapitulation of Men Actually Furnished
Officers, 40
Second Vermont Regiment, 55
Third Vermont Regiment, 20
Fourth Vermont Regiment, 37
Fifth Vermont Regiment, 2
Sixth Vermont Regiment, 3
Seventh Vermont Regiment, 3
Eighth Vermont Regiment, 23
Ninth Vermont Regfiment, 18
Tenth Vermont Regiment, 1
Eleventh Vermont Regiment, 11
Twelfth Vermont Regiment, . 2
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR 779
Sixteenth Vermont Regiment, 43
Seventeenth Vermont Regiment, 2
Vermont Sharpshooters, 8
First Vermont Cavalry, 25
United States Colored Volunteers, 3
Twelfth United States Infantry, 2
United States Navy, 10
Other State Organizations, 7
Substitutes furnished, 55
Total, 370
Casualties
Colonel John S. Tyler, died May 23, 18G4, from wounds received in the
battle of the Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864.
Lieutenant-Colonel Addison Brown, Junior, died March 3, 1865, from
disease contracted in service.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Cummings, killed in battle before Peters-
burg, Virginia, September 30, 1864.
Captain Dennie W. Farr, killed in the battle of the Wilderness, Vir-
ginia, May 5, 1864.
Lieutenant Samuel H. Price, Junior, died April 8, 1863, from disease
contracted in service.
Lieutenant Francis A. Gleason, died May 30, 1863, from wounds
received in the battle of Salem Heights, May 4, 1863.
Lieutenant J. Warren Hyde, died July 25, 1863, from disease con-
tracted in service.
Captain Charles F. Rockwell, died November 13, 1868.
Benjamin, Russell H., killed at Bull Run July 21, 1861.
Clark, William W., killed at Savage Station June 29,. 1862.
Cook, Madison, killed at Bank's Ford May 4, 1863.
Cooley, Henry L., died in service from disease January 11, 186^.
Gilson, Edward P., died at Richmond, Virginia, August 6, 1861.
Keables, EHsha L., died at Richmond, Virginia, September 6, 1861.
Lamphere, John JM., killed at Bank's Ford May 4, 1863.
Lord, Robert P., killed at Fredericksburg May 3, 1863.
Paddleford, Frank G., died January 1, 1867, of disease contracted in
service.
. Kendall, Luke W., killed .at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864.
Ryther, D. Jewell, died of disease contracted in service.
Slate, Charles S., died November 5, 1862, of disease while in service.
Howard, James W., died June 24, 1863, of wounds received in battle.
Wood, Lewis A., died August 17, 1863, of disease while in service.
780 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Colburn, Warren, died at Andersonville, Georgia, October 4, 1864.
Keliey, Michael, died March 39, 1863, of disease while in service.
Covey, Clark S., died October 8, 1864, of disease contracted in service.
Cooper, Abraham C, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863.
Bartlett, Thomas B., died of wounds received in battle June 1, 1864.
Forbush, George H., died at Richmond, Virginia, October 11, 1863.
Manning, John, died December 11, 1862, while in service.
Estey, James R., died January 1, 1863, at Newbern, North Carolina.
Clark, John, died September 15, 1864, while in service.
Sullivan, John, died March 14, 1866, while in service.
Franklin, George A., died December 2, 1862, while in service.
(From The Vermont Plicenix, July, 1863)
Lieutenant J. Warren Hyde, the only son of William Hyde, Esquire,
of this village, died July 2.5, 1863. Many will remember him as the fair-
faced active lad, the first and foremost in every feat of strength and
daring, and filling acceptably at an early age, a responsible position in the
Bank of Brattleboro. Those who have followed his career since have
learned that his early manhood has not belied the promise of his youth,
as he accepted and discharged with distinguished ability an honorable and ;
responsible place in Chicago, winning the regard and respect of all who =
knew him. He left it freely and asked only a private's place in the mer- j
cantile battery of that city — where true men were needed. Frequent |
letters to his friends here have breathed of manliness, courage, and patriot- |
ism, when his battery lay under the strong walls of Vicksburg. . . . We j
do not know how he died — by shot or shell — or by western fever which |
is depleting so many of our regiments. We are sure that whether it was i
on the field or in the hospital he died like a man — and that his friends j
have an invaluable legacy in his character, which was brave and true j
and noble. I
i
i
Lieutenant-Colonel John Steele Tyler
(From The Vermont Phtrnix, June, 1864)
It is our painful duty to record the death of another of our brave
young men, who has lost his life in the service of his country. Lieu-
tenant-Colonel John S. Tyler was wounded in the thigh at the great battle
of the Wilderness, May 5, when in command of the Second Vermont
Regiment after the fall of Colonel Stone. His wound was supposed to
have been made by a minie ball, until the operation of ^Doctor Willard
Parker of New York, who discovered that a small ball, probably a buck
BRATTLEBORO IN THE CIVIL WAR 781
shot, had perforated the femoral artery. He died from the effects of
this wound at the RIetropoHtan Hotel in New York, on Sunday night.
May 22. When he received the wound he expected it would be mortal,
but forbade his men to leave the ranks to attend to him, cheering them
on against the enemy.
He enlisted as a private about three years ago in the Second Regiment
and, by gallant conduct and fidelity to duty, worked his way up through
every grade to the second rank in his regiment. His age was only
twenty-one, a boy in years, but a man in heroic thought and deed. His
body was brought here for burial ; during Wednesday it lay in state in the
Town Hall, where many of our citizens were permitted to look upon that
well-known face, and at the evening hour the burial service was read
in the Episcopal Church by Reverend Mr. Morris, and his remains
were conveyed to the cemetery, escorted by the military band from the
barracks, Mr. Miles's company of cadets, the two fire companies of the
village, and a large concourse of friends and citizens, and consigned to
the silent dust with the usual religious service and with military honors.
Lieutenant-Colonel Tyler was one of our excellent and promising young
men, and his loss will be deeply f elt.^
Lieutenant-Colonel Addison Brown
Armed with the rudiments of a good education, impressed with the
mora! and religious teachings of his home, and with the spirit of enter-
prise not uncommon to American youths, young Brown left the paternal
roof at an early period in life and sought his fortune in the western
states. At Rock ford, Illinois, and on the upper Mississippi in Minnesota,
he prosecuted business with an industry and intelligence that gave promise
of future success. Returning to visit his friends in Vermont, he was
induced to remain in the East for a time, and the breaking out of the
War of the Rebellion in April, 1861, found him in the city of New York.
Filled with an ardent love of country, and true to the principles of
Republican liberty, he volunteered at the first beat of the drum, and
enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Regiment, New York Volunteer
Militia, a three months' regiment commanded by Colonel (afterwards
Major-General) Butterfield. The regiment took part in Patterson's cam-
paign in the Shenandoah Valley.
After the muster out of said regiment. Private Brown returned to
Brattleboro, assisted in raising a company and in September, 1861, again
entered the service as captain of Company F, Fourth Vermont Volun-
teers.
1 A portrait of Colonel Tyler was a gift from his family to the Brooks Library.
782 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In the winter of 1861-1862, one of great mortality to Vermont troops,
Captain Brown fell a victim to disease and for several weeks remained
in a critical condition, but before the opening of the spring was able to
be with his command.
In March, 1862, he accompanied his command to Fortress Monroe
and up the Peninsula to Warwick Creek, where the first engagement of
note took place, April 16, 1862, on which occasion Captain Brown, though
not in the most active part of the engagement, displayed, under heavy
fire and trying circumstances, the calm and deliberate enthusiasm for
which he was afterwards so justly distinguished. At the battles of
Williamsburg, Golding's Farm and Savage Station he bore an honorable
part with his regiment.
At the battle of Crampton's Gap (Smith Mountain), September 14,
1862, in the charge that drove the rebels from their chosen position, the
Fourth Vermont scaled the heights and captured a Virginia regiment
almost entire. In this brilliant affair Captain Brown bore an active and
distinguished part.
At the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Bank's Ford, Gettysburg,
Funkstown, Orange Grove, Opequan and the Wilderness, Captain Brown
was always where duty called him, and showed quick comprehension and
great presence of mind and justly won great praise.
September 20, 1S64, the term of service of the Fourth Vermont ex-
pired. His commission as lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Regiment had
not reached him ; under these circumstances, in obedience to existing
orders, he had but one course to pursue, and that was to return to Ver-
mont with that portion of the regiment ordered there to be mustered out.
Arriving in Vermont with the Fourth Regiment, Colonel Brown spent a
short time with his friends, and, upon receiving word that his commission
as lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Regiment had been forwarded to the
army in the field, he left home for active service again.
At the time Colonel Brown left for Vermont with the Fourth Regi-
ment, his health was considerably impaired, but it was not anticipated
that it was seriously so. He returned to the field with renewed hope and
zeal, it is true, but unrestored. A leave of absence was granted him, and
he left his command December 8, 1864, for Rockford, Illinois, to regain
his strength. But he had ended his last campaign, he had fought his last
battle. The severity of the service had been too much for his physical
system, and he who had stood firm while others quailed at last yielded
to disease. Acting upon medical advice, he started with his devoted wife,
whom he had married in 1862, for the coast of Florida. He had not
proceeded far when it became evident that his strength was too rapidly
THE MILITARY HOSPITAL 783
failing for so long a journey, and he stopped for the night at Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, where he died March 3, 1865.
In the death of Colonel Brown, Vermont lost one of her noblest sons,
a true soldier and an honest patriot.
Alonzo Granville Draper was born in Brattleboro September 6, 1835 ;
he died in Brazos, Texas, September 3, 1865.
Early in life he settled in Boston; graduated from the English High
School in 1854. He moved to Lynn, where he edited Tiic Nczv England
Mechanic and held office in the city government.
He recruited a company of volunteers for the Fourteenth Massachu-
setts Regiment and was commissioned captain May 6, 1861. In January,
1863, he was promoted major, and after being transferred to the Second
National Colored Regiment, was made colonel in August, 1863, and
afterwards attached to the Twenty-fifth Corps, where for a month he had
charge of a brigade in Major-General Paine's division and where he won
the title of brevet brigadier-general October 38, 1864. A few months
previous to his death he left Virginia in command of a brigade and died
from wounds received in Texas.
The Military Hospital
By Governor Frederick Holbrook
In December, 1862, the writer, in his official capacity as governor of
Vermont, accompanied by his staff and Surgeon Edward E. Phelps (of
Windsor, Vermont), visited Washington on a special mission. He had
observed with pain the anxiety of many families in Vermont, occasioned
by the numbers of our troops who were disabled and confined to the hos-
pitals in and around Washington and in the camps, wasting away from
their sufferings, from homesickness and from the influence of a malarious
climate. The casualties of army life by sickness were perhaps propor-
tionately larger among our Vermonters than among those from other
sections.
This was due to the greater change experienced by our men, from the
bracing air and pure water of the Green Mountains, to the damp and more
or less malarious districts where our armies operated.
Then again the Vermonters were so often put to the front in important
movements and engagements that they were exposed to frequent casualties
from gim-shot wounds. Under these circumstances numbers of our
citizens made long and trying journeys, at an expense which many could
ill afford, to look after their disabled soldier boys.
To allay the anxieties of friends and save the lives of the soldiers, the
784 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
writer felt that effective measures must be taken. He therefore at this
time appealed to the United States authorities to establish a military
hospital in Vermont for the treatment and care of sick and wounded
Vermont soldiers. When the plans were first submitted to the President
and the secretary of war they were regarded as inexpedient and imprac-
ticable of execution.
It was thought that many of the disabled men would die under the
fatigue and exposure of such long transportation back to their state; and
it was suggested that possibly some might be lost by desertion. It was
said, also, that the plan would be an unmilitary innovation. The surgeon-
general of the army interposed the objection that the expenses of the
medical department had already much exceeded the appropriation pro-
vided by Congress, and it would, therefore, even if desirable, be impossible
to incur the expense of furnishing a hospital in Vermont.
After repeated meetings and discussions, the writer made an official and
formal proposition to take the barrack buildings, of which there were
many, owned by the government on the camp grounds at Brattleboro,
remove them to a sheltered situation at one end of the grounds, placing
them in a hollow square, and to fit them up with plastered walls, good
floors, chimneys, provisions for ventilation, an abundance of pure spring
water and all needed appliances and facilities for hospital purposes. This
was to be done under the care and supervision of Surgeon Phelps, of
established army experience and reputation, and at the expense of the
state of Vermont ; when finished it should be to the acceptance of such
medical inspectors as the government should appoint. It was, however,
provided that the secretary of war should authorize the transfer of all
sick and wounded Vermont soldiers needing hospital treatment to the
hospital at Brattleboro, the governor to appoint a suitable and acceptable
state military agent to look up the men, wherever to be found, in govern-
ment or camp hospitals, said state agent to have written authority from
the secretary of war to enter said hospitals and to take such men for
transportation to Vermont.
Secretary Stanton, always courteous, considerate and obliging to the
writer, and expressing a desire to accommodate the state of Vermont
in all practicable ways, considering the valuable services the state was
always ready to render to the government, and the excellent quality of
the troops from Vermont, finally consented to this proposal. He re-
marked, however, that it was an unusual experiment, likely, he feared, to j,
prove impracticable in execution, and that the order for transferring
the men might have to be revoked within six months.
To this the writer replied: "Well, Mr. Secretary, my faith in the sue-
THE MILITARY HOSPITAL 785
cess of the enterprise is such that I will take all chances of its failure
and risk all outlay of money in creating the necessary hospital accomnio-
dations."
He smilingly replied : "Well, Governor, I cannot but admire your
earnestness and faith in this matter, and hope your expectations of good
results may be realized."
Directly on returning to Brattleboro the work of moving the buildings
and fitting them for hospital use according to agreement was begun, and
by the middle of February was completed. The whole was accepted
by the government medical inspector and the disabled men began at once
to arrive.
Before the end of the following summer the hospital was full, some
men having been sent from neighboring states to occupy rooms not needed
by Vermonters. During the summer and autumn, hospital tents were
erected to enlarge accommodations, and these were occupied by men from
several other states, so that from fifteen hundred to two thousand patients
were treated at a time, those who had recovered being sent to the front
again and new cases taking their places.
The hospital was soon credited by the United States medical inspector
with perfecting a larger percentage of cures than any United States mili-
tary hospital record elsewhere could show.
The recovery of the men in many cases was very rapid. Patients taken
from camp hospitals often steadily improved from the time they were
placed on the cars and started on their homeward journey. The prospect
of again seeing their state and greeting their friends was a more powerful
tonic than any prescribed by the doctors. When they arrived, skillful
treatment combined with cheerful surroundings usually wrought a
complete cure.
After the favorable report of its inspectors the government willingly
assumed the .hospital, and reimbursed the state for all expenses in fitting
up and providing the same. The ladies of Vermont, with most com-
mendable zeal, patriotism and philanthropy, furnished mainly the equip-
ment for beds and other necessaries, as well as many luxuries.
The experiment of establishing this hospital proved so successful that
similar hospitals were provided in other northern states. Thus was
inaugurated in Vermont an example in the healing art, which led to the
saving of the lives of thousands of brave men who had given so much
to their country.
Reverend J. A. Crawford was chaplain for the hospital.
In March, 1863, the United States authorities, after due examination
and investigation with reference to the natural healthfulness of our
786 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
climate and the purity of the water that flowed from our mountain
springs, caused to be established and erected upon these grounds a gen-
eral hospital, which was thoroughly officered and equipped for the treat-
ment of the sick and wounded. As originally constructed it would easily
accommodate six hundred men. In the summer of 1864, following the
advance of our army under General Grant toward Richmond, there were
sent here sick and wounded soldiers, so that at one time there were 1,100
patients under treatment. This enormous overflow, beyond the capacity
of the hospital proper, was cared for under large tents constructed for
hospital purposes. At one time soldiers of every loyal state in the Union
were inmates of this hospital. Between the date of its establishment and
1865 over 4,500 sick and wounded soldiers received treatment within its
walls, and of this large number but ninety-five died. Twenty-one of
these were buried in "Soldiers' lot," purchased and now owned by the
government, in Prospect Hill Cemetery. The remains of two have since
been removed by friends or relatives, and nineteen now remain whose
graves are marked by suitable marble headstones, representing many
different states.
A memorial stone has been erected on the site of the Military Hospital,
with the following inscription on one side :
Upon this ground during the war for the Union, A. D. 1861-65, ten
thousand two hundred volunteers in the 4th, 8th, 9th, 10th, Uth, 12th,
13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th Vermont regiments and the 1st Vermont light
battery encamped and were mustered into the Union service before depart-
ing for the field. Upon this ground also four thousand six hundred and
sixty-six veterans, survivors of the great struggle, were successively
mustered out. In commemoration of their patriotic devotion this monu-
ment was erected by the citizens of Vermont, A. D. 1906.
The bronze tablet states that on these grounds were mustered into the
United States service 10,200 men. That statement is correct as far as it
goes. The organizations mentioned as originally mustered were com-
posed of that number; but there were subsequently recruited, mustered
in and sent forward from here 3656 additional men, who were attached
to those several organizations named, making a total of 13,856. Further
than this, in 1863 Brattleboro became the general rendezvous of military
operations within the state, and large numbers of recruits were assembled
here from time to time until the close of the war mustered into service
WAR RELIEF Wt:
and sent forward to fill up the ranks of our several regiments in the field.
The exact number may never be known. ^
War Relief
Of the Soldiers' Aid Society, working under the Sanitary Commission,
Mrs. M. P. S. Cutts was an efficient and enthusiastic president. Relatives
who hastened to sick or dying soldiers, on their arrival in the hospital
were received as guests in the homes of the town.
To Company C the ladies furnished undergarments ; namely, each, a
flannel shirt, flannel drawers, woolen hose, two pocket handkerchiefs, bag
containing sewing articles, a havelock.
In 1865 Mrs. Dennie W. Farr was appointed agent of the Sanitary
Commission for Windham County.
In addition to fitting out their own boys, and constant service of fur-
nishing food and other comforts for Vermont soldiers moving south
through Brattleboro, in the long trains that extended from above Walnut
Street to the freight yard below the railroad depot, they had the very
personal task and privilege of attentions to the wounded and convales-
cent, often fifteen hundred or eighteen hundred at a time, in the Military
Hospital.
Few surgical supplies were available, there were no trained nurses, the
housewives' store of linen was the main dependence for pads and band-
ages. Quilts had to be made for protection against the cold of the long
winters. The work of weekly collections, cutting, sewing and knitting,
preparations of broth, jellies and other delicacies was lightened by the
inspiration of direct contact with the men.
Recruits were drilled on the Common, and invalided soldiers, able to
come as far away from the hospital, were to be seen there, sunning them-
selves on the long wooden benches, or sauntering along the village streets
long after the war was over.
Brattleboro's quota paid for expenses of the war, through selectmen,
and outside of all voluntary contributions to agencies of relief, was
$54,848.
A reunion of Vermont soldiers was held in Brattleboro August 17, 18
and 19, 1875. Several hundred were present at the three days' encamp-
ment. There were many speakers at the various gatherings, Vice-
President Wilson, Honorable William M. Evarts, Senator Edmunds,
Judge Asa O. Aldis, General Stannard, General Franklin, Governor Peck
and others less distinguished.
1 Colonel Kittredge Haskins.
CHAPTER LXXI
GOVERNOR FREDERICK HOLBROOK
Frederick Holbrook, son of Deacon John Holbrook, was born in Ware-
house Point February 15, 1813, the youngest in the family of ten children.
At the age of about sixteen years he was sent to the Berkshire Gymna-
sium at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, then the best school for boys and young
men in the country; here ' he remained two years in the study of
mathematics and the higher English branches. Professor Chester Dewey
of Williams College was the principal of the gj'mnasium and Mark
Hopkins, afterwards president of Williams College, was vice-principal.
He thus enjoyed the best possible instruction, and with both teachers
warm personal friendships were made — friendships which were of value
in after life.
It was soon after the young man's return from this school that an
interesting incident occurred in his election as captain of the Floodwood
company. The captain of the company had resigned, and the young bucks
of the village, bent on having a lark, ignored the pompous young lieu-
tenant, who thought he had a cinch on the place and made a grandiloquent
speech preliminary to his expected election ; and when the first sergeant
held out a stovepipe hat and the company marched by to cast in their
ballots, it was found that Fred Holbrook, a boy of eighteen was elected
by a practically unanimous vote. The election took place in front of the
Meeting-House in the West Village.
"I studied up tactics a little," Governor Holbrook said when relating
the incident years afterwards, "before the next training day, and so the
company whacked around the West Village street and Common, and made
out to blunder through some evolutions not commonly done by a militia
company. In an aside, he confessed that the captain set out the customary
half-barrel of punch, and it was reported that in consequence several of
his men went home "badly wounded." After this election he was famil-
iarly known as "Captain Holbrook," even up to the time he became
governor.
In the autumn of his eighteenth year he went to Boston, where he
became interested in the bookstore of Richardson, Lord & Holbrook,
remaining there about two years. He became a member of the Handel
GOVERNOR HOLBROOK 789
and Haydn Society and of Lowell Mason's church choir, and his associa-
tions were such that he enjoyed unusual advantages for cultivating his
natural musical taste, with the result that for forty years after his return
to Brattleboro he was the choir leader of the Centre Church. It was, in
fact, not man/ years before his death that Governor Holbrook appeared
before the Brattleboro public as the able and gracious leader of an "Old
Folks' " Concert.
At the age of twenty he crossed the Atlantic for the benefit of an
extended European tour.
When the young man was twenty-one and the bride a little less than
eighteen, he was married to Harriet Goodhue, the daughter of Colonel
Joseph Goodhue. It was within three or four years after this time that
the change in the family fortunes and the death of his father, Deacon
John Holbrook, led Frederick Holbrook to take up in earnest the pursuit
to which the years of his mature life were devoted. His natural taste
for agriculture had been given practical form by work on his father's
farm. During some months spent in Great Britain at the age of twenty
he had carefully observed farm methods there, and since his marriage
he had taken up the cultivation of two considerable tracts of land by
his own hands. He had read widely on agricultural topics, especially
their scientific side, and soon began to have a reputation in this direction.
He was solicited to write for the agricultural press and, though under-
taking the work with hesitation, he finally entered into a contract with
The Albany Cultivator of Albany and The New England Farmer of
Boston, both then monthly journals, by which he was to furnish each of
them a leading article each month. He studied carefully for the literary
side of his work, and consulted his old friend and tutor, jMark Hopkins,
as to the best models and other means to be used. His writings were
largely copied by the Vermont papers and it was by this means that he
first came to public prominence.
For many years he wrote editorial articles for The Country Gentleman.
Among his agricultural contributions to the Brattleboro papers were the
following: In The Brattleboro Eagle, September 9, 1853, "Plow Deep,
Tiller"; in the same paper, October 28, 1853, "Fall Plowing"; in The
Phoenix of August 27, 1859, "Cultivation of Corn and Oats."
In the years 1849 and 1850 Governor Holbrook was elected a member
of the Vermont State Senate. At the session of 1849 a joint committee
was appointed to enquire into the expediency of recommending the estab-
lishment of a national bureau of agriculture, and Governor Holbrook
drew up a memorial to the President and Congress stating in detail the
reasons for establishing such a bureau. Those who read that memorial
790 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
today will find that it contains in its argument and suggestion the
"promise and potency" of substantially all the work which the govern-
ment has since undertaken in that direction. It attracted much favorable
notice, and was followed by a definite recommendation, in President
Taylor's annual message of that year, for the formation of such a bureau.
This was undoubtedly the primary movement which has led up to the
department of agriculture as it exists today.
From the organization of the Vermont State Agricultural Society in
1850 up to the time of his election as governor, Governor Holbrook was
the president of the society. Its fairs were held in the several larger
towns of the state in rotation, and through his appearance at these exhi-
bitions Governor Holbrook became well known both to the farmers and
the public men of the state, so that, by the year 1860, when the war
broke out, there were few men "who ever went out of their own door-
yards," as the ex-Governor himself expressed it, who did not know him
personally through some one or more of the means here suggested. There
is probably no doubt, at least, that at the time of his election he had a
wider personal acquaintance in the state than has ever been enjoyed by
any other Vermont governor.
The Republican convention of 1861 was held at Montpeher in the
brick church which stood on the site of the present Bethany (Congre-
gational) Church. The call for it was broad, to fit the patriotic spirit
of the time, and embraced "all who are in favor of supporting the Con-
stitution and the Union, and of sustaining the Federal government in
its efforts to suppress rebellion and put down treason." It was a mass
convention, and its nominating committee brought in, as its state ticket,
for governor, Frederick Holbrook of Brattleboro; for lieutenant-gover-
nor, Levi Underwood of Burlington ; for treasurer, John A. Page of Rut-
land. This ticket was unanimously nominated and its election by an over-
whelming majority followed in September. Governor Holbrook had been
a Whig, but at the formation of the Republican party he joined its ranks
and was a member of the first Republican convention ever held in Ver-
mont. It was conceded that the head of the ticket of 1861 was to come
from Windham County, and Governor Holbrook and John E. Butler of
Jamaica each had his supporters.
The duties to which the new governor was introduced, upon his inau-
guration in October, 1861, were such as had fallen to none of his prede-
cessors. The country was in the midst of times when the governor of
every loyal state was called upon to act on the most important questions
with no precedent and no law to guide him, and with nothing to fall back
upon but his own best judgment and the patriotic determination of the
GOVERNOR HOLBROOK 791
people. In some of the states an element of rank disloyalty had to be
fought, but in Vermont, fortunately, there was very little of this spirit
to complicate the situation. Governor Holbrook's first official act was
to suggest to the Legislature the policy of paying off one-half of the
war expenses of the state by direct taxation, and of funding the other
half in state bonds, to be paid by those of another generation who would
reap equally the benefit of the sacrifices of the time. The Legislature
approved this suggestion and enacted laws in conformity with it. The
result was that at the close of the war Vermont's debt was less than
that of any loyal state in proportion to aid furnished and percentage
of population, and was the first state war debt to be paid in full.
Ex-Governor Holbrook recalled with amused satisfaction the dismay
with which the state treasurer contemplated the issue of $1,500,000 of
state bonds during the autumn of 1861. That official had no idea that
the bonds could be floated at anything like their face value, even if they
could be sold at all; other prominent men sympathized in this belief.
Governor Holbrook calmly said that he would himself undertake to nego-
tiate the bonds. On his return to Brattleboro he accordingly wrote to his
boyhood and lifelong friend, George Baty Blake, the Boston banker,
asking him to come to Brattleboro. On his arrival the Governor explained
to Mr. Blake the situation, mentioned to him the well-known stability
of character of the people of Vermont, the even distribution of wealth
among them and their reputation for paying their debts. To all this
Mr. Blake assented, and with a letter from the Governor embodying these
points he returned to Boston, and within a fortnight had sold the issue
at a handsome premium.
In a speech at a Grand Army campfire many years after the close of
the war, ex-Governor Holbrook briefly related the part which he had in
suggesting to President Lincoln the calling out of a large body of addi-
tional men in the early summer of 1862, after the Union reverses in
Virginia and when the whole North was in a state of despondency. It
is not necessary to repeat the facts about this important war measure,
but the incident is mentioned as showing the intimate relations which
existed between Mr. Lincoln and Governor Holbrook, and the confidence
which the former reposed in the Governor's good judgment. He often
urged Governor Holbrook to write to him frankly and fully, saying to
him that in Washington he was so surrounded by discordant elements, by
self-seekers, by men of half-hearted loyalty, or "secesh" proclivities,
as well as by extremists on the other side, that it was difficult to form
a clear and correct judgment, and he was, therefore, always glad to hear
from the "plain people."
792 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Governor Holbrook's letter suggesting the calling out of 500,000 men
was received one Tuesday morning, and as soon as he had read it Mr.
Lincoln exclaimed to Secretary Stanton that he had there a solution of
the whole difficulty. Provost-Marshal General Draper was immediately
dispatched to Vermont to consult with Governor Holbrook, bringing from
President Lincoln a request that such an endorsement of the proposed
call be formulated as Governor Holbrook and the other loyal governors
would be willing to sign. A statement was agreed upon and was signed
by Governor Holbrook and by as many other governors as could be
seen by General Draper on his way back to Washington, while the assent
of others was secured by wire. In a few days came the call for 300,000
three years' men, and later 300,000 nine months' men were called into
the field. Although this was nearly three years before the war closed,
the act was the beginning of the end.
Under the President's call the nine months' men were to be drafted,
but Governor Holbrook protested that a draft would dampen the enthu-
siasm of the people of Vermont, and by his request the state was allowed
to raise its quota by volunteer enlistment.
It was just at this time that Governor Richard Yates sat in the guber-
natorial chair of Illinois. He was an intimate friend of Lincoln and
had become greatly depressed at the dubious outlook for the northern
cause, and had written a despondent letter on the subject to President
Lincoln. To this Mr. Lincoln answered by telegraph, in his characteristic
way, "Wait a little, Dick, and see the salvation of the Lord." Within
a day or two Governor Yates received the call for more volunteers.
Governor Holbrook was elected in 1861 by a Republican majority of
24,167; in 1862 he was reelected by 25,65i majority, serving two full
terms during the most trying time of the war. His official residence
was at the old Brattleboro House, where Crosby Block now stands, and
the days and nights were filled with duties and responsibilities such as
the present generation knows nothing of. It required a clear head and a
cool heart to steer a straight course, with so many conflicting influences
pressing on every side, but the duties of the two years were performed
in a way that won for Governor Holbrook the lasting love and respect,
not only of the officers and soldiers whom he personally met by the
thousand, but of all the loyal people of the state.
Throughout his administration Governor Holbrook incited the people
to active loyalty with tongue and pen and in all his intercourse with
men. Some of his utterances were epigrammatic and deserve to become
historic, as when he wrote, in his Fast Day proclamation, April, 1862,
"He has already lived too long who has survived the ruin of his country."
GOVERNOR HOLBROOK 793
One of the most valuable services performed by Governor Holbrook
for the people of Vermont was in securing the establishment of the
military hospital at Brattleboro.
It may be said that during Governor Holbrook's administration the
Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh Regiments, and First and
Second Batteries of Artillery, the First, Second and Third Companies of
Sharpshooters, and the First Vermont Cavalry, all three years' men,
besides some twelve hundred recruits to fill vacancies in old regiments,
were sent to the field, together with the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth,
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Regiments of the nine months' men. When
to this it is added that during the war Vermont sent to the front over
ten per cent of her total population, including both sexes and all ages,
and that she paid her soldiers seven dollars per month throughout their
entire service in addition to their pay from the United States, some idea
may be formed of the burdens so nobly borne by our people in defense
of the Union.
Governor Holbrook's staff during the war consisted of H. H. Baxter
of Rutland, S. M. Waite and R. W. Clarke of Brattleboro and Bradley
B. Smalley of Burlington, whose duties, in those stirring times, were
often of far other than an ornamental character.
On laying down the cares of office Governor Holbrook dropped quietly
back into the ranks of private life, taking up the various duties which
thus befell him. He kept up his interest in agricultural affairs, and
resumed his connection with the firm of Ruggles, Nourse, Mason & Com-
pany of Boston and Worcester, for whom he had designed agricultural
tools on scientific principles. An incident in this connection is worth
relating. It was well toward the seventies, and a week of special trial of
implements for working the soil had been set by the directors of the New
York State Agricultural Society to be held at Utica early in September.
Among the prizes offered was a gold medal for a plow to be drawn by
three horses abreast, which should turn up stiff clay soil from a furrow
a foot deep and ten inches wide, pulverizing it and not laying it over in
a slab. Ruggles, Nourse, Mason & Company were anxious to win this
prize, ahd sent for Governor Holbrook, who held himself always subject
to their call. He had brought the shape of the mould-board of a plow
to an exactly mathematical basis, and readily set himself to solve the
New York society's problem. A new mould-board was quickly designed
and cast, and the plow completed and shipped with all haste to Utica.
Mr. Nourse had a skillful plowman, a heavy, brawny man, whom he
always employed to hold the plow at any public test ; but as fate would
have it the weather was excessively hot, the Utica water was very bad,
and when the day of the plow trial came the plowman was flat on his back
794 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
with a deathly sickness, and both he and Mr. Nourse refused to be
consoled. "Never you mind," said the undaunted ex-governor, "I am
going to hold the plow myself," and in spite of all protestations, hold it
• he did. He bought a straw hat, stripped himself to shirt, trousers and
boots, seized the handles and began turning the straight, well-pulverized
furrows, though the hard clay soil was completely baked by sun and
drought, and to do the work required the best efforts of both team and
plowman. It quickly became noised over the field that the "War Gover-
nor of Vermont" was holding the plow, and the crowd thronged about
the testing ground in the broiling sun. They pressed up so closely that
there was scarce room for the work, and the committee constantly cried
out, "Fall back, gentlemen, fall back and give the Governor a chance to
plow out to the ends of his furrows."
The plow is now a relic in Governor Holbrook's family.
Many of the older farmers will recall the Governor's invention of a
much earlier date— the "Holbrook plow" — which was a swivel, success-
fully designed to use on level land and avoid the dead furrows in the
center of the field which had been an eyesore and a nuisance under the
old method of plowing.
It was during this visit to Utica that ex-Governor Holbrook met ex-
Governor Seymour and formed a pleasant acquaintance with him. As
they walked through the streets of the city upon some errand Governor
Holbrook noticed that Governor Seymour, a man of great affability of
manner, was constantly busy with salutations to every sort of people
whom he met. When Governor Holbrook mentioned this Governor
Seymour replied, "Yes, I always do it ; it doesn't cost me anything and it
gratifies them." Herein was the secret in large part of his great personal
popularity. Of Governor Holbrook also, it may be said, that his native
suavity of manner and his courtesy and kindness toward every class of
his fellow citizens had not a little to do with the love and esteem in which
he was held, and with the loyal support and confidence which was always
awarded him. It was Charles K. Field, a friend and companion from
boyhood, who said to him after his election as governor: "Why, damn
it, Fred, it's that cussed suavity that made you governor. You speak
to everybody you meet, but I don't see half of them!"
Another personal attribute not to be overlooked is the caution and
conservatism with which he always tempered his ability and energy in
every public work. This suggests a shrewd warning which Epaphroditus
Seymour, president of the old Brattleboro Bank, gave Mr. Holbrook about
the time of his election to the State Senate. Calling him into the bank
one day Mr. Seymour said : "I am an older man than you ; I foresee that
you are likely to receive further public preferment, and I wish to make
GOVERNOR HOLBROOK 795
one suggestion. You can say almost anything to a man face to face and
he will understand you as you mean ; but go and put that same thing on
paper and it may be construed to mean almost anything. So what I
want to say is, be very careful what you put on paper." "This," the
Governor said, "I have often remembered, and observance of the caution
has proved very beneficial to me."
Governor Holbrook's wife died in September, 1887, after a brief illness.
The union of husband and wife had continued for fifty-three years and
had been a happy and fortunate one. Mrs. Holbrook was a woman of
strong character and of fine presence; on the domestic side it was particu-
larly true of her that "She looketh well to the ways of her household, and
eateth not the bread of idleness." Their home from 1862 was on Walnut
Street.
Governor Holbrook was a trustee of the Brattleboro Retreat from
1852 until his death; he was also a trustee of the Vermont Savings Bank
from 1856 and its president from 1870 until the time of his death.
In 1875 Governor Holbrook received from President Grant an un-
solicited appointment as United States Consul to Odessa, Russia, but he
declined it.
He died April 28, 1909, at ninety-six years of age.
Three sons were born to Governor and Mrs. Holbrook:
Franklin Fessenden Holbrook, born March 1, 1837 ; married September
17, 1861, Anna, daughter of Joel iSourse of Boston. He was military
commissioner of Vermont with rank of colonel; after the war, head
of the firm of F. F. Holbrook & Company, manufacturers of agri-
cultural implements. He died December 6, 1916. Children:
Frederick. (See p. 977.)
Emerline F., married Edward Cooke Armstrong, professor of Ro-
mance languages in Princeton University. A son, Percy.
Harry, died at ten years of age.
Percy, married Mrs. Alice Patton of Kentucky.
Judge William C. Holbrook, born July 14, 1842. (See p. 809.)
John Holbrook, died October 5, 1901, in Pennsylvania where he had
lived many years.
The Honorable James M. Tyler wrote of "Governor Holbrook," at the
time of his death :
Mr. Holbrook was, in the years of his mature manhood, a man of
striking and impressive presence. He was a little more than six feet
in height, broad-shouldered, weighed about one hundred and ninety
pounds, well-proportioned, erect, dignified, yet unassuming, his head large
and perfectly formed, his handsome face always wearing a pleasant smile,
796 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
his manner courteous and deferential; but under his affability he carried
an unbending will. Some of our citizens well remember his appearance
on the street, while governor, as he walked from his home to the executive
chamber in the old Brattleboro House on Main Street, as the ideal of
manly form and strength and of intellectual vigor.
His was the "simple life." He disliked ostentation, lived plainly but
well, loved his garden and believed that his work in it, continued till hfe
was past ninety, prolonged his life.
He was an intense lover of music and for forty years carefully trained
the Congregational choir, of which during all that time he was the leader.
He was never absent from his place on Sunday while he was governor.
He sometimes remarked smilingly to his friends that it was in the choir
that he first met Miss Goodhue, who became his wife.
Mr. Holbrook was always deeply interested in agriculture. In early
life he worked upon the farm and well knew what was meant by manual
labor. A few old men remember him, with coat off, holding the plow and
tilling the land through which Oak Street now runs. He invented several
plows and many improved devices, and the "Holbrook plow" was known
throughout the country.
He was not a learned man in the scholastic meaning of the term, but
he was exceedingly well read and well informed. He had no taste for
current light literature, but he was fond of poetry, and the leading Eng-
lish and American poets and prose writers were his constant companions.
It was a pleasant incident of his old age, when his sight had become dim,
that a circle of his lady friends met at his house weekly and read to him
Shakespeare, Dickens and other works of his favorite authors. He was
master of English composition, having formed his style, as he often said,
from his study of Addison. All his letters and public documents were
written with ease and elegance, and his commonest conversation was
faultless.
Governor Holbrook was for more than half a century a trustee of the
Brattleboro Retreat, succeeding his father, Deacon John Holbrook, one
of the original trustees. For years he took especial oversight of the
farming department. The meadow was an object of great pride with him,
for under his direction it was redeemed from a mere swamp and by a
system of drainage converted into land of great fertility and productive-
ness. His interest in the welfare of the institution was intense, and by
his wisdom and long experience he rendered it valuable service. His
mind was constantly upon the welfare of the patients. It was a common
remark of his that the question is "not how cheaply but how well we can
provide for them."
CHAPTER LXXII
GENERAL JOHN W. PHELPS
General John W. Phelps. Emancipation Proclamation — Tribute to General Phelps
from General Rush W. Hawkins — Mrs. Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps.
Charles Phelps, the great-grandfather of General John Wolcott Phelps,
was a lineal descendant of William Phelps, one of the first settlers of
Dorchester, Massachusetts, who afterwards removed to Windsor,
Connecticut, where he was a man of large influence and judge of the first
court ever held in that State. Charles Phelps was born in Northampton,
Massachusetts, was educated to the profession of the law and settled in
Hadley, Massachusetts, when the town was almost a wilderness. From
there he removed to JSIarlboro, then a part of "Cumberland County, New
York." He was the first lawyer who ever came to reside within the limits
of what is now the state of Vermont. He brought with him two sons,
Solomon and Timothy, leaving a third in Massachusetts. Timothy in due
time came to be a prominent man and was made sheriff of Cumberland
County under the jurisdiction of New York. He stoutly upheld the
authority of New York in the quarrel which arose over the "New Hamp-
shire Grants," and it is related that when the superior court of Vermont
first went to hold a session in Marlboro, which had been made a half
shire, he entered the room and ordered them to disperse by authority of
the state of New York. He had two sons, John and Charles, both of
whom were lawyers. Charles went to West Townshend, and was the
father of Honorable James H. Phelps, a resident of that place, who left
a collection of books, manuscripts and journals to the Brooks Library.
John removed to Guilford, settling first at or near the center of the town,
but removing afterwards to Algiers, where he built the Phelps homestead
which still stands on the left as one enters the village from the north.
Across the street was his law office, which also is still standing. Whether
John Wolcott was born here, or during the family's residence at the
center is not certain, but probably at the former place. His birth took
place on November 13, 1813.
It may be added that the father of General Phelps was twice married,
his first wife being Miss Lucy Lovell of Rockingham, by whom he had
798 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
eight children, and who died March 28, 1831, aged fifty-two. Of these
the General was the last survivor. A daughter, Lucy, died August 8,
1833, aged sixteen. By his second wife, Mrs. Almira Hart Lincoln, the
celebrated teacher and author, whose death took place July, 1884, at the
advanced age of ninety-one years, he had two children, Charles Edward
and Elmira of Baltimore, the former a judge of one of the courts of that
city.
Young Phelps's education began in the public schools of Guilford and
Brattleboro, supplemented by a few terms of study in a select school
taught in this village by a Mr. Sanborn, where he was fitted for entrance
to the United States military academy at West Point. Entering West
Point Academy in 1832 he was graduated with the rank of second lieu-
tenant in 1836, a short time before the outbreak of the war with the
Creek Indians. Assigned to the Fourth Artillery, for the ensuing two
years he took an active part in the operations against the Creeks and
Seminoles in Florida. After the war he was put in charge of the emigra-
tion of Indians to the West, his quarters being with the Cherokee nation.
He had not finished this work when another outbreak in Florida recalled
him there, where he remained until the trouble was over. For these
services he was promoted to a first lieutenancy and was put in charge of
the camp of instruction. This peaceful detail lasted but a few months,
for when the Canada border disturbances began, in the fall of 1839, he
was sent to Detroit and remained on duty on the border for about three
years, serving at Detroit, Fort Mackinac, Fort Brady and Buffalo. From
1842 until 1846 he was on garrison and recruiting duty. He went to
Mexico with the first force sent there after the declaration of war, and
there won the name of being one of the bravest and most efficient artillery
officers in the service. He was at the battle of Monterey, and was
stationed before Vera Cruz during the siege of that place in the spring
of 1847. Then, under General Williams, he was at the battles of Cerro
Gordo, of Contreras and of Molino del Rey, and was present at the
assault and capture of the city of Mexico. For gallant conduct at Con-
treras and Churubusco he was brevetted captain, but declined the nominal
promotion. Three years later, in March, 1850, he received a reg^llar
promotion. Meanwhile he served in garrison and was a member of the
board appointed by order of Congress to devise. a complete set of instruc-
tions for siege, garrison, seacoast and mountain artillery. For eight years
afterwards he was away from civilization and had the hardest kind of
border experiences. His first detail was at Fort Brown, Texas, at a time
when border ruffianism was at its height. Military duty there consisted
of unremitting vigilance and frequent raids upon schemers and cutthroats,
whose ambition looked only to the overthrow of government authority
GEN. JOHN W. PHELPS 799
that they might hold the newly acquired country under a rule of terror.
To this end a filibustering expedition was organized and acquired strong
headway. Captain Phelps distinguished himself by moving against it
with his little force and overthrowing it. In 1855 he marched from Fort
Brown to San Antonio, with orders to suppress lawlessness along the
route and at San Antonio. This march was successful, and for a few
months afterwards he was given a respite as a member of the Artillery
Board at Fortress Monroe. In 1857, however, he went again on frontier
duty at Fort Leavenworth, and accompanied the Utah expedition of 1857,
under General Albert Sidney Johnston, as chief of artillery; but becoming
dissatisfied with the course pursued by Buchanan's administration in its
conduct of affairs in that territory, he resigned November 2, 1859, after
an active military service of nearly twenty-three years.
He then took up his residence in Brattleboro, but his period of retire-
ment to civil life was destined to be brief. Bitter in his hatred of slavery
— an institution whose ruling oligarchy, as he had come to see it, virtually
controlled the government — he looked with eager interest upon the steps
which led to the outbreak of the slaveholders' rebellion.
When Vermont raised her regiment of three months' volunteers in
response to President Lincoln's first call for troops. Captain Phelps was
commissioned a colonel of volunteers (May 2, 1861) and given command
of the regiment. "He was not only a trained soldier, but a man of most
humane sympathies. The affection he so frequently expressed for the men
of his regiment they soon realized to be perfectly sincere, and after two
months' service under him there was not a man who would not have risked
his own life to save that of Colonel Phelps."' Joining General Butler's
command at Hampton Roads, May 23, Colonel Phelps, himself on foot
as well as other officers, marched the regiment into the town of Hampton,
Virginia, making the first reconnoissance upon Virginian soil by United
States troops, and distinguished himself by taking possession of Newport
News. It was here he received his commission as brigadier-general, dated
November 17, 1861. Accompanying Butler's expedition to the Gulf of
Mexico, shortly after, he took possession of Ship Island, where, December
4, 1861, he issued his famous proclamation to the loyal citizens of the
Southwest, in which he declared slavery incompatible with free institutions
and free labor and its overthrow the end and aim of our government.
This pronunciamento, though it caused a feeling of amazement and dis-
satisfaction not only in official quarters but throughout the country gen-
erally, both South and North, was a noteworthy forerunner and prophecy
of that other proclamation, from a higher authority, which two years
later declared liberty to four million slaves. The public sentiment of the
^ Honorable Roswell Farnham.
800 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
country was not prepared for such a policy as announced. General
Phelps was two years ahead of the times. We give in full below this
interesting historical document :
Headquarters Middlesex Brigade,
Ship Island, Mississippi, Dec. 4, 1861.
To the Loyal Citizens of the Southwest :
Without any desire of my own, but contrary to my private inclination,
I again find myself among you as a military officer of the government. A
proper respect for my fellow countrymen renders it not out of place
that I should make known to you the motives and principles by which my
command will be governed.
We believe that every state that has been admitted as a slave state
into the Union since the adoption of the constitution has been so admitted
in direct violation of that constitution. We believe that the slave states
which existed as such at the adoption of our constitution are, by becoming
parties to that compact, under the highest obligations of honor and
morality to abolish slavery. It is our conviction that monopolies are as
destructive as competition is conservative of the principles and vitalities
of republican government ; that slave labor is a monopoly which excludes
free labor and competition ; the slaves are kept in comparative idleness
and ease in a fertile half of our arable national territory, while free white
laborers, constantly augmenting in numbers from Europe, are confined
to the other half, and are often distressed by want; that the free labor of
the North has more need of expansion into the Southern states, from
which it is virtually excluded, than slavery had into Texas in 1846 ; that
free labor is essential to free institutions ; that these institutions are natu-
rally better adapted and more congenial to the Anglo-Saxon race than
are the despotic tendencies of slavery ; and, finally, that the dominant polit-
ical principles of this North American continent, so long as the Caucasian
race continues to flow in upon us from Europe, must needs be those of
free institutions and free government. Any obstruction to the progress
of that form of government in the United States must inevitably be
attended with discord and war.
Slavery, from the condition of a universally recognized social and
moral evil, has become at length a political institution, demanding polit-
ical recognition. It demands rights to the exclusion and annihilation of
those rights which are insured to us by the constitution; and we must
choose between them which we will have, for we cannot have both. The
constitution was made for free men, not for slaves. Slavery as a social
evil might for a time be tolerated and endured, but as a political institution
GEN. JOHN W. PHELPS 801
it becomes imperious and exacting, controlling, like a dread necessity, all
whom circumstances have compelled to live under its sway, hampering
their action, and thus impeding our national progress. As a political insti-
tution it could exist as a coordinate part only of two forms of government,
namely, the despotic and the free ; and it could exist under a free govern-
ment only where public sentiment, in the most unrestricted exercise of a
robust freedom, leading to extravagance and licentiousness, had swayed
the thoughts and habits of the people beyond the bounds and limits of
their own moderate constitutional provisions. It could exist under a free
government only where the people, in a period of unreasoning extrava-
gance, had permitted popular clamor to overcome public reason, and had
attempted the impossibility of setting up permanently, as a political insti-
tution, a social evil which is opposed to moral law.
By reverting to the history of the past, we find that one of the most
destructive wars on record — that of the French revolution — was orig-
inated by the attempt to give political character to an institution which
was not susceptible of political character. The church, by being endowed
with political power, with its convents, its schools, its immense landed
wealth, its associations, secret and open, became the ruling power of the
state, and thus occasioned a war of more strife and bloodshed, probably,
than any other war which has desolated the earth. Slavery is still less
susceptible of political character than was the church. It is as fit at this
moment for the lumber-room of the past as was in 1793 the monastery,
the landed wealth, the exclusive privilege, etc., of the Catholic Church in
France.
It behooves us to consider, as a self-governing people, bred and reared
and practiced in the habits of self-government, whether we cannot,
whether we ought not to, revolutionize slavery out of existence, without
the necessity of arms like that of the French revolution. Indeed, we feel
assured that the moment slavery is abolished, from that moment our
Southern brethren — every ten of whom have probably seven relatives at
the North — would emerge from a hateful delirium. From that moment,
relieved from imaginary terrors, their days would become happy and their
nights peaceful and free from alarm ; the aggregate amount of labor, under
the new stimulus of fair competition, becomes greater day by day ; property
rises in value, invigorating influences succeed to stagnation, degeneracy
and decay ; and union, harmony and peace — to which we have so long
been strangers — become restored, and bind us again in the bonds of
amity and friendship, as when we first began our national career under
our glorious government of 1789.
Why do the leaders of the rebellion seek to change the form of our
ancient government? Is it because the growth of the African element of
aOf, ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
your population has come at length to render a change necessary? Will
you permit the free government under which you have thus far lived,
and which is so well suited for the development of true manhood, to be
altered to a narrow and belittling despotism in order to adapt it to the
necessities of ignorant slaves and the requirements of their proud and
aristocratic owners ? Will the laboring men of the South bend their necks
to the same yoke that is suited to the slave? We think not. We may
safely answer that the time has not arrived when our Southern brethren,
for the mere sake of keeping Africans in slavery, will abandon their long-
cherished free institutions and enslave themselves. It is the conviction
of my command as a part of the national forces of the United States that
labor — manual labor — is inherently noble ; that it cannot be systematically
degraded by any nation without undermining its peace, happiness and
power; that free labor is the granite basis on which free institutions must
rest ; that it is the right, the capital, the inheritance, the hope of the poor
man everywhere; that it is especially the right of five millions of our
fellow countrymen in the slave states, as well as of four millions of
Africans there, and all our efforts therefore, however small or great,
whether directed against the interference of governments abroad or
against rebellious combinations at home, shall be for free labor. Our
motto and our standard shall be here and everywhere, and on all occa-
sions "Free labor and workingmen's rights." It is on this basis, and this
basis alone, that our munificent government — the asylum of the nations —
can be perpetuated and preserved.
J. W. Phelps,
Brigadier General Volunteers Commanding.
While stationed at Ship Island General Phelps cooperated with Com-
modore Farragut in the capture of the forts below New Orleans and of
the city, after which he was stationed some ten miles above the city, at
Carrollton, where he was the first to organize negro slaves as soldiers.
For this act he was declared an outlaw by the rebel authorities. As indi-
cating the character of the man and the bitterness with which he was
hated by the rebels of that section, the story is told that General Butler,
when upon one occasion remonstrated with for carelessness in exposing
his person to the risk of assassination while going about upon his various
duties as commander of the department, dryly remarked that the rebels
would never assassinate him while Phelps stood next in command !
It is natural to suppose that General Phelps, as a graduate of West
Point, felt more or less antipathy to Butler from the first ; at all events
their views upon the slavery question, and the proper manner of treating
GEN. JOHN W. PHELPS 803
the "contrabands" were at variance, and Phelps's naturally intolerant
spirit chafed at what he considered the folly of the policy pursued by
Butler and the authorities at Washington. In the controversy which fol-
lowed General Phelps's efforts to enlist and arm the negroes who flocked
to his lines, the ability and foresight which characterized him are well
displayed. After repeated attempts to obtain permission to organize
colored troops he at length wrote to the adjutant-general of the depart-
ment as follows, at the same time tendering his resignation :
Headquarters, Department of the Gulf,
New Orleans, July 30, 1862.
Captain R. S. Davis, A. A. A. General:
Sir — I enclose herewith requisitions for arms, accoutrements, clothing,
camp and garrison equipage, etc., for three regiments of Africans, which
I propose to raise for the defense of this point. The location is swampy
and unhealthy, and our men are dying at the rate of two or three a day.
The Southern loyalists are willing, as I understand, to furnish their share
of the tax for the support of the war; but they should also furnish their
quota of men; which they have not thus far done. An opportunity now
offers of supplying the deficiency, and it is not safe to neglect opportuni-
ties in war. I think that, with the proper facilities, I could raise the three
regiments proposed in a short time, without holding out any inducements
or offering any reward. I have now upwards of three hundred Africans,
organized into five companies, who are willing and ready to show their
devotion to our cause in any way that it may be put to the test. They
are willing to submit to anj-thing rather than slavery.
Society in the South seems on the point of dissolution, and the best
way to prevent the African from becoming instrumental in a general
state of anarchy is to enlist him in the cause of the republic. If we
neglect his services, any petty military chieftain, by offering him freedom,
can have them for the purpose of robbery and plunder. It is for the
interests of the South as well as the North that the African should be
permitted to offer his block for the temple of freedom. Sentiments
unworthy of the man of the present day, worthy only of another Cain,
could prevent such an offer from being accepted. I would recommend
that the cadet graduates of the present year should be sent to South
Carolina and this point to organize and discipline our African levies,
and that the more promising non-commissioned officers and privates of
the army be appointed as company officers to command them. Prompt
and energetic efforts in this direction would probably accomplish more
towards a speedy termination of the war, and an early restoration of
804 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
peace and amity, than any other course which could be adopted. I have
the honor to remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. W. Phelps, Brigadier-General.
To this application General Butler responded that he had no authority
to enlist colored soldiers, and, refusing to accept his resignation, ordered
him to set the negroes at work on the fortifications and doing camp duty.
General Phelps's persistency at length induced a final appeal to the
authorities at Washington, which resulted, in his resignation being
accepted August 21, 1862.
General Phelps returned to Brattleboro, where he remained until the
following winter. The rapid progress of events had by this time pre-
pared the country for President Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation,
and made manifest the absolute necessity of doing the very thing that
General Phelps had been censured for attempting and prevented from
carrying out — namely, increasing our armies by organizing and arming
the freedmen. In December, 1862, on the occasion of a visit of Governor
Holbrook and staff to Washington to arrange for the establishment of
military hospitals in Vermont, General Phelps accompanied them, and at
the end of an interview with President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton,
both of whom spoke in the highest terms of the General's military ability
and personal character, Mr. Lincoln directed that a commission as major-
general of volunteers be made out and given to General Phelps — the
understanding being that he was to hold this commission as chief officer
in command of the black troops. A few days later Governor Holbrook
was surprised to see General Phelps back in Brattleboro, and upon inquir-
ing of him as to what this meant the General said that, when it came to the
arrangement of details, he had insisted on certain things which Mr.
Lincoln did not see fit to grant, and he had therefore thrown up his com-
mission and returned home. From this time on he was always severe
and even bitter in his estimate of Mr. Lincoln, regarding him in that
urgency as a timeserver.
He was admitted to the bar in September, 1863.
His private life was spotless. From his boyhood to his death there
was nothing which even savored of vice, dishonesty or impurity. Always
a disbeliever in secret societies, his hatred of such institutions, from
Freemasonry down to college societies, amounted in his later years to a
monomania. In his mind every theme of thought or conversation led
almost inevitably to this topic or to the way in which he conceived our
modern society to be honeycombed and undermined by the malign influ-
ence of Freemasonry.
GEN. JOHN W. PHELPS 806
Besides a work on secret societies, which he translated from the
French, he was the reputed author of a volume entitled "Sibylline
Leaves," published by Joseph Steen in 1858. Other works were a book
designed for the young on "Good Behavior,"' and a work on "Madagas-
car." He was one of the leading officers of the Vermont Historical So-
ciety, and wrote the history of Guilford for Miss Hemenway's "Historical
Gazetteer." He was also an occasional contributor to the leading literary,
educational and scientific periodicals of the day. He was deeply inter-
ested in educational matters, and for several years was president of the
Vermont Teachers' Association. His prominence as an anti-Mason led
to his becoming the nominee for president in 1880.
April 30, 1883, in the seventieth year of his age, he was married to Mrs.
Anna B. Davis, daughter of Thomas and Susan jMattoon of Northfield.
A son, John W., married Grace Joselyn Sankey and they have a daughter,
Victoria.
For nearly a year prior to his death, February 5, 1885, General Phelps
lived with his wife and child in the house in Guilford where his death took
place. During that time he took an active interest in the affairs of that
community and kept up an almost ceaseless literary activity. He was an
earnest advocate of the metric system, and one evening just before his
death delivered an interesting and instructive lecture in the village school-
house on weights and measures. Among his latest papers and memoranda
was found a list of questions on the same subject for the school children.
A Tribute to General Phelps from an Intimate Military Friend
To the Editor of The New York Times:
General John W. Phelps of Vermont, whose death was announced in
your issue of this morning, was one of the most notable officers of the
army. He was an accomplished soldier of the highest and best type, a
patriotic citizen with an unblemished reputation, a scholar well versed in
mathematics, science, history, theology, several of the dead and four or
five of the living languages. As a soldier he was all that the best authori-
ties demand, and even more, for it might be said of him that he possessed
an inner sense of duty which no written formula could prescribe.
It was his faithful care, intelligence and attention to his whole duty as
a commanding officer, which made his command one of the best-disci-
plined, best-drilled and most efificient in the whole army. He was not
much of a believer in the extra-unofficial-off-duty dress parade business
' I. N. Choynski, antiquarian bookseller of San Francisco, ordered 1000 copies of
"Good Behavior" and Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson (of the Thompson Trust Fund)
1200 copies to send South, in 1881.
806 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
which to many officers who were mere poseurs seemed to be of so very
much importance. Neither was he a martinet. He had the rare good
sense to accept the volunteer army for exactly what it was. He weighed
its defects and measured its virtues, and governed the performance of his
duties accordingly. He knew he could trust its patriotic sense of duty to
imitate a good example, and its willing:iess to follow where it could not
be driven ; and there never was a commanding officer more implicitly
obeyed or more confidingly trusted. It was my good fortune to have been
ordered to his command at Newport News, Virginia, soon after the
breaking out of the rebellion in the spring of 1861. When I reported to
him with my regiment, I was given to understand that we were engaged
in a most serious undertaking, involving as it did the national life, and
that we could only hope to overcome our foes by taking advantage of all
our resources (he was the first to urge the organization of negro troops)
and moulding our raw material into a well-disciplined army; that the
accomplishment of the latter was the immediate work in hand ; and work
he made of it, such as many of us had never dreamed of before; but we
saw the necessity for labor and the good sense involved in his orders and
criticisms, and all worked with a will, officers and men, to reward the
great industry of a commander who had won our affection, admiration
and deep respect.
We went to him as children go to a school, and left him after three
months' tuition a thoroughly well-disciplined regiment, of whose after
record he was justly proud. To that kind-hearted, quaint, honest old
man, with his perfect sense of justice, the officers and men of my regiment
owe a debt of gratitude which can only be effaced from their memories
when the last survivor of that command shall have passed away. This
little statement, inadequate as it is, is the tribute I bring to the grave of an
honored friend of a quarter of a century. I could not do less; I wish I
could do more. Take him for all in all, I have never known a man so free
from the hypocrisies, sins and vices which make humanity despicable as
was John W. Phelps.
Rush C. Hawkixs.
New York, February 3, 1885.
Mrs. Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps was born in Berlin, Connecticut, July
15, 1793, the daughter of Samuel and Lydia Hinsdale Hart, and the
youngest of seventeen children, one of whom was Mrs. Emma Willard.
She married, first, in 1817, Simeon Lincoln of Hartford, an educator,
who died in 1823. After his death she was associated with Mrs. Willard
in her seminary in Troy. Judge John Phelps had a daughter in that
school and through that medium became interested in Mrs. Lincoln.
MRS. AOIIRA H. LINCOLN PHELPS 807
She married Judge Phelps in 1831, and they Hved in Guilford five years
before coming to Brattleboro. In 1838 she took charge of a school in
West Chester, Pennsylvania ; from there, irr 1841, she went to the
Patapsco Institute, Ellicott City, Maryland.
Mr. Phelps died in 1849, and Mrs. Phelps became head of the school
in 1856. She was the second woman elected a member of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science.
The following are her publications: Familiar Lectures on Botany. Dic-
tionary of Chemistry. Botany for Beginners. Geology for Beginners.
Chemistry for Beginners. Lectures on Natural Philosophy. The Female
Student, or Lectures to Young Ladies on Female Education. Lectures on
Chemistry. Hours with My Pupils. The tales, Caroline Westerly, Ida
Norman, Christian Household.
She edited "Our Country in its Relation to the Past, Present and Fu-
ture" (1865) for the benefit of Christian and Sanitary Commissions. Her
manual of botany attained a circulation of more than one million copies.
CHAPTER LXXIII
FURTHER WAR RECORDS
Further Records. Colonel William Austine — Colonel William Cune Holbrook —
Colonel Herbert Edward Taylor — Colonel George White Hooker — Colonel Na-
thaniel C. Sawyer — Doctor George F. Gale — Doctor Charles P. Frost — Doctor
Benjamin Ketchum — Colonel John Hunt — George E. Greene.
The Navy. Commodore Theodore P. Greene.
Colonel William Austine
Colonel William Austine was born in Stonington, Connecticut, January,
1815, his name being William A. Brown ; on account of some litigation,
his name was changed to William Austine soon after his enlistment in the
army.
He was appointed cadet from Connecticut to West Point September 1,
1833, and graduated July 1, 1838. Immediately after graduation he was
appointed second lieutenant of the Second Dragoons, in which regiment
he remained until November, 1839 ; at that time he was promoted to the
rank of first lieutenant and assigned to the Third Artillery, a regiment
distinguished for the number of its officers who became famous in the
Civil War.
He served in the Florida war against the Seminole Indians from 1838
to 1843 as adjutant of the Third Artillery; he was at Fort Moultrie,
South Carolina, from 1842 to 1846. During the war with Mexico he took
part in the siege of Vera Cruz, the capture of San Antonio, in the battles
of Cerro Gordo, Contreras and Churubusco, as well as in the skirmish of
Amazoque.
For signal ability and gallantry in this campaign he was promoted to
be captain of the Third Artillery, August 13, 1847, and a short time
afterwards given the rank of brevet major.
After the Mexican war he was in garrison at Fort Adams, Rhode
Island, for several years, with the exception of a short time in Florida
during the Indian hostilities of 1849 and 1850. Later he was stationed
at Fort Constitution, New Hampshire, and Fort Wood, New York. On
account of ill health he was granted leave of absence from 1854 to 1861,
and spent part of that time in travel in Europe.
■sSiMSfeSt— -*■'
COLONEL JOHN STEELE TYLER
COLONEL ADDISON BROWN
COLONEL N. C. SAWYER
COLONEL WILLIAM C. HOLBROOK
EX-GOVERNOR HOLBROOK
COL. WILLIAM CUNE HOLBROOK 809
In 1861 he assumed active duty in the garrison at San Francisco harbor,
where he was appointed major of the Third Artillery; his services here
were performed with great ability and warmly commended by the depart-
ment at Washington.
He retired from active service in 1862, but continued to serve as
superintendent of the mustering and volunteer recruiting service of Ver-
mont at Burlington for three months after his discharge, and was in
Brattleboro in the same line of duty until November, 1866.
September, 1865, he was given the rank of brevet lieutenant-colonel,
and brevet colonel for long and faithful service.
Colonel Austine never married.
After his retirement from army life he lived at the Brooks House,
Brattleboro, until his death September 4, 1904. He was promoted to be
lieutenant-colonel, his commission from President Roosevelt bearing the
date of May 23, 1904.
The will of Colonel William Austine made special bequests amounting
to about $160,000. The principal beneficiary and residuary legatee was
Howard M. Eustis of Mobile, Alabama, a nephew, who was Colonel
Austine's nearest relative. The public bequests included $50,000 to the
town of Brattleboro, in trust, for the establishment of a hospital "for
the temporary treatment of strangers or local residents peculiarly situ-
ated." His will provided for the erection and governing of the hospital
by five trustees, all residents of the town, three of them to be reputable
physicians. The first selectman of the town was to be also a member
of the board, of which he desired Doctor George F. Gale to be president,
with Doctor A. I. Miller, Doctor George R. Anderson, Colonel Charles
A. Miles and George C. Averill as other members, and they were em-
powered to fill any vacancies that might occur. Ten thousand dollars
was willed in trust to the prudential committee of the school district
Number 2 for a permanent fund, the income of which was to be given
each year to the best scholar in the graduating class of the High School.
The sum of $5000 in permanent fund was left for the benefit of indigent
women and girls of St. Michael's parish of the Episcopal Church in
Brattleboro, to be expended under the direction of Miss Clara M. Gale,
Mrs. C. A. Miles and Miss Laura Pentland.
An interesting journal, kept by Colonel Austine during the Mexican
War from February 28, 1847, to July 25, 1848, is now in the Brooks
Library.
Colonel William Cune Holbrook
Colonel William Cune Holbrook was born July 14, 1842, and was edu-
cated at the village schools of Brattleboro ; while a mere boy, he went as
a clerk to Boston and there joined the "Tigers," a noted military company.
810 ANNALS OF BR.A.TTLEBORO
He returned to Brattleboro at nineteen, and assisted in raising Company
F, Fourth Regiment of \'ermont Volunteers, going to the front as first
Heutenant of the company, and soon afterwards was appointed adjutant.
Subsequently, August, 1862, he was commissioned major of the Seventh
Regiment, which position he held until he was sent to the Department of
the Gulf.
After the death of Colonel Roberts of the Seventh, he was commis-
sioned colonel, which position he held until the close of the war. He was,
with one exception, the youngest colonel in the United States Army,
being a few weeks over twenty at the time of his commission.
His regiment was stationed at Fort Pensacola and Fort Parrancas
adjoining and Colonel Holbrook was afterwards in command of the
northern district of Florida. He also served as brigadier-commander of
the Thirteenth and Nineteenth Army Corps.
He actively participated in the battles of Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, Baton
Rouge, Jackson's Bridge, Gonzales Station, Spanish Fort, Blakely, Whis-
tler and Mobile. The Seventh Regiment was part of the land force
participating with Admiral Farragut in the capture of Mobile.
In 1882 he published a history of the Seventh Regiment.
At the close of the war he returned to Brattleboro and entered the Har-
vard Law School; he was graduated in 1869, and immediately began the
practice of law in New York City. In 1895 he was appointed judge of the
Court of Special Sessions.
He married, January 17, 1872, Anna M. Chalmers, daughter of Doctor
Thomas and Margaret Chalmers, who died September 29, 1898. He died
March 25, 1904.
Children:
Margaret C, married June 15, 1903, John K. Clark, a graduate of Yale
College and a lawyer in New York. Children : Anna, John, Marion,
William, Holbrook, Margaret, Maxwell.
Marion Goodhue, born July 20, ISSO; died November 23, 1904.
Reverend Chalmers, born July 5, 1887; graduated from Yale, 1910;
graduated from Union Theological Seminary in New York, 1913 ;
married May 13, 1912, Rachel Alorton, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
Walter S. Morton of New York. He was ordained in 1913, and has
been pastor of the Congregational Church, Deerfield, New Hamp-
shire, 1913, and of Cheshire, Connecticut.
Richard Knowlton, died January 28, 1876.
Colonel Herbert Edward Taylor
Colonel Herbert Edward Taylor was born in Guilford, Vermont, Octo-
ber 13, 1837, the son of Jeremiah and Mary (Edwards) Taylor. He
COL. HERBERT EDWARD TAYLOR 811
came of Revolutionary stock, his ancestors moving to Vermont from
Rhode Island. He was a great-grandson of Captain John Stovvell of
Guilford, who commanded a company of men from that town in Seth
Warner's regiment at the battle of Bennington. He attended the schools
of his native town, the Wilmington High School and the Powers Insti-
tute at Bernardston, Massachusetts, and in the late fifties taught near
Moline, Illinois, for about two years.
At the breaking out of the war he was promised a commission if he
would enlist in an Illinois regiment, but he preferred to enlist from his
native state. He returned to Guilford and enlisted as a private in Com-
pany F, Fourth Vermont Infantry, August 31, 1861, and was mustered
into service at Brattleboro, September 21 of that year. He was soon
promoted to the rank of sergeant, and when wounded had been promised
further promotion. He participated in every engagement in which his
company took part up to and including the battle of the Wilderness, in
which he was seriously wounded. Struck in the back and wounded by a
piece of shell May 5, 1864, he was sent to a field hospital, and it was
thought best to send him home without trying to remove the piece of
iron. Doctor Gale of Brattleboro located and removed the jagged piece
of iron some time after the war. .
Colonel Taylor took part in the engagements at Lee's Mills, Williams-
burg, Marye's Heights, Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Crampton's Gap, An-
tietam, Funkstown, Rappahannock and the Wilderness. He was brought
back to his home in Guilford on a stretcher, and it was believed by the
army surgeons that he could not live, but the spring of 1865 found him
sufficiently recovered to engage in the clothing business, buying out H. A.
Goodrich, in which business he continued until 1875. Colonel Taylor's
store was located at first where the Brattleboro Savings Bank is.
He received his rank of colonel as an aid on the staff of Governor
William P. Dillingham, in 1888. Colonel Taylor was a captain and pro-
vost-marshal of the Vermont National Guard from 1886 to 1888, and in
the latter year was elected department commander of the Vermont Grand
Army of the Republic. For many years he was a trustee of the Soldiers'
Home at Bennington, holding the position at the time of his death.
From the time he went out of the clothing business in 1876 Colonel
Taylor almost continually held some public office until 1887, when he
engaged in the insurance business with his brother, J. G. Taylor, and
in 1893 with his son, L. D. Taylor. In 1900 H. E. Taylor & Son bought
out A. W. Childs & Company. From 1879 to 1885 he was deputy collec-
tor of internal revenue for the district of Vermont, was appointed deputy
sheriff for Windham County in 1886, and was tax collector for Brattleboro
812 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
for five successive terms, from 1885 to 1889. He was appointed door-
keeper of the House of Representatives in the Vermont Legislature of
1888 and the following year received an appointment as special inspector
of customs, with headquarters at St. Albans. While holding this position
Colonel Taylor was actively interested in the apprehension of smugglers,
and much of his time was devoted to apprehending Chinese attempting to
cross the Canadian border into the United States. He resigned this posi-
tion November 1, 1893.
He was appointed postmaster of Brattleboro March 14, 1904, following
the death of Doctor D. P. Webster, and a reappointment was given him
May 1, 1908. He was a member of Sedgwick Post, and was the second
commander of that organization. He had filled all the offices of the post
and was a faithful attendant at the national encampments of the Grand
Army of the Republic.
Colonel Taylor served as aid on the staffs of different national com-
manders. He was a familiar figure at these national gatherings of Union
veterans and had taken an active part in the deliberations of various
encampments for a number of years.
In Masonic circles Colonel Taylor had taken an active part, and he was
one of the corporators of the Masonic Building Association. He was a
member of the Vermont Society, Sons of the American Revolution, and
of the First Universalist Church of Brattleboro.
Colonel Taylor married October 7, 1867, Emeline, daughter of Stephen
and Electa (Sargent) Button of Dummerston, who died February 8,
1877.
A son, Linn D. Taylor, born February 6, 1869, married October 5,
1892, Minnie A., daughter of Doctor David P. Dearborn. Their son,
Brainerd D. Taylor, was born January 9, 1894.
Colonel George White Hooker
Colonel George White Hooker was born in Salem, New York, Febru-
ary 6, 1838, of English descent, his parents being Samuel and Esther
(White) Hooker. When an infant he was taken to Londonderry and was
brought up in the family of his mother, attending the common schools
in that town, and afterwards supplementing his education with a course
in the West River Academy. After working as clerk in the towns of
Jamaica, Londonderry and Bellows Falls, young Hooker, in 1860, entered
the employ of W. & J. Flint of Boston, dealers in teas and coffees, and
acted as traveling salesman for that concern until the outbreak of the
Civil War.
Colonel Hooker enlisted as private in Company F, Fourth Vermont
COL. GEORGE WHITE HOOKER 813
Regiment, September 16, 1861, under Colonel Edwin H. Stoughton, who
was the youngest officer to take a regiment from Vermont. The regi-
ment was mustered in at Brattleboro, September 20, started for Washing-
ton the next day, and five days later joined the other Vermont troops in
Virginia at Camp Advance. Colonel Hooker was promoted to sergeant-
major a few days after his enlistment, and in April of the next year was
made second lieutenant of Company E, being promoted to first lieutenant
the following August, and holding this rank all through the Peninsular
campaign. He was present in action at Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, Gold-
ing's Farm, Savage's Station and White Oak Swamp, Virginia, Cramp-
ton's Gap, South Mountain and Antietam, Maryland. At the first battle
of Fredericksburg Colonel Hooker served as aid-de-camp on the Third
Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps, and also acted as assistant adju-
tant-general on the stafif of Brigadier-General Edwin H. Stoughton com-
manding the Second Vermont Brigade at Fairfax Court House. When
Brigadier-General Stannard assumed command of this brigade, Colonel
Hooker was assigned to his stafif and served in this position through the
three days' fighting at the battle of Gettysburg. For gallantry in action
at Gettysburg he was recommended for promotion to captain and assistant
adjutant-general.
In the campaign of 1864 he was adjutant-general of the First Brigade,
Second Division, Eighteenth Army Corps, and led nine regiments into
battle at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, where he was severely wounded
five times, twice in the legs, twice in the body, and once through the left
shoulder, the last wound shattering the collar bone and leaving the sub-
clavian artery entirely bare. Upon his recovery Colonel Hooker was
assigned to duty in the Third Division, Twenty-fourth Corps, and served
in the trenches in front of Richmond with the First Brigade of this
division. On the morning of the capture of the city of Richmond, the
organization of the leading column of the Union troops was in charge of
Colonel Hooker, who did not fail to "put the Vermonters ahead."
After the surrender of the rebel capital. Colonel Hooker's division
comprised all the troops in and about Richmond. Later he was ordered
to Charleston, South Carolina, as adjutant-general of that department,
but, as the war had closed, he tendered his resignation, although it was
twice refused.
Colonel Hooker probably received more wounds than any other Ver-
mont officer in any section except Colonel Edward C. Carter, and is said
by his comrades to have been one of the bravest soldiers that ever lived.
He received a medal of honor from Congress for distinguished gallantry
in action at the battle of South Mountain, where he captured a whole
814 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Confederate regiment with four companies. He had been ordered by
General Stoughton to take the four companies, and flank and capture a
Confederate battery which had given much annoyance. On the way to
the battery Colonel Hooker, then a lieutenant, was some distance ahead
of his men and came suddenly upon the rebels. Without any parley the
Confederate colonel handed his sword to Lieutenant Hooker, and sur-
rendered before the Union companies came in sight. On his way back
Colonel Hooker was ordered by a Pennsylvania general to deliver the
prisoners to him ; he refused, and after some words Colonel Hooker
told the Pennsylvania commander that he couldn't take the prisoners
away from these four companies of Vermonters with his whole brigade.
At the close of the war Colonel Hooker traveled through the eastern
and western states in the interests of Carr, Chase & Raymond, wholesale
.grocers, and later became junior partner of the firm of William A. Belden
& Company, bankers and brokers, which was organized in 1868 and did
a successful business in New York for years. He came to Brattleboro
to make his home in 1876.
In 1876 he was appointed chief of stafif with the rank of colonel by
Governor Proctor. In 1880 he was delegate-at-large to the National
Republican Convention in Chicago and the same year was chosen a mem-
ber of the National Republican Committee ; by the latter body he was
chosen a member of the executive board and was made its assistant secre-
tary, having charge of the presidential campaign in 1880, with Governor
Marshall Jewell and S. W. Dorsey. His department of labor comprised
the eastern states and New York. In 1886 he contested the nomination
for congressman from the second district with General W. W. Grout.
Colonel Hooker was elected sergeant-at-arms at the beginning of the
forty-seventh Congress. In 1880 he was chosen to represent Brattleboro
in the State Legislature and was reelected in 1882. During his first term
he was unanimously elected judge-advocate-general and in his second
term was made chairman of the ways and means committee, working
hard in the interests of a corporation tax bill. Colonel Hooker served
Brattleboro locally as selectman, bailiff and road commissioner, and Was
closely identified with all the interests of the community.
He served twice as department commander of the Grand Army and
declined the nomination of a third term, an almost unheard-of honor. He
had been president of the Vermont Agricultural Society, the Vermont
Horse Breeders' Association and had held the office of president of the
Valley Fair Association from its formation in 1886. Colonel Hooker was
instrumental in forming the association and raised most of the subscrip-
tions for stock. Every year he gave the fair his personal supervision.
COL. NATHANIEL CHANDLER SAWYER 815
and he delighted to claim that the bright skies which nearly always
favored the association were due to an arrangement which he had with
the "clerk of the weather." In fact, "Hooker weather" came to be
synonymous with sunshine.
Colonel Hooker was a regular attendant at the Universalist Church
and a member of the West River Lodge, F. and A. M., of Londonderry.
During the last years of his life he was actively interested in the
Hooker, Corser & Mitchell Overall Company.
Colonel Hooker married January 28, 1S6S, Minna G., daughter of James
and Love (Ryan) Fisk of Brattleboro.
Their son :
James Fisk Hooker, born in New York City May 1, 1873, prepared
for college at Phillips Exeter Academy; and graduated from Yale
College with the degree of B.A. in 1895; studied at the Columbia
Law School and at the New York Law School ; was admitted to the
Massachusetts bar in 1897 and to the New York bar in 1900, and
practiced in Springfield and New York, at the latter place as assistant
to District Attorney Asa Bird Gardner. In 1901 he began practicing
in Brattleboro with Robert C. Bacon, the firm being Bacon & Hooker.
He was delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago
in 1904; chairman of the Republican town committee; president of
the Republican League of Vermont ; chairman of Brattleboro's
selectmen for two terms; president of Hooker, Corser & Mitchell
Overall Company.
He married December 30, 1902, Anna jNIaud Essex, daughter of
Professor Ed Charles Essex of London. Children : Abby ; Katherine ;
Minna; James Fisk, born in April, 1913.
The family moved to Schenectady, New York, in 1909.
Colonel Nathaniel Chandler Sawyer
Colonel Nathaniel Chandler Sawyer was born in Lancaster, Massachu-
setts, August 15, 1822, a son of Esquire Ezra and Eliza H. Sawyer, his
father being one of the prominent men in the town. He attended school in
Lancaster, and when still a boy moved with his parents to South Lancaster,'
now known as Clinton. He continued his studies in the schools of that
town until his graduation, when he took up his life work, that of an ac-
countant, remaining in Clinton until his marriage, jNIarch 4, 1856, to
Martha Palmer, born April 8, 1835, in Hallowell, a daughter of Nathaniel
Palmer of Clinton, when he came to Brattleboro and began work for Fisk
& Cheney's Canadian Express. Soon afterwards he took a position as
teller in the First National Bank.
816 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
When the war broke out Mr. Sawyer wished to enlist, but the bank
officers wanted him to stay at home, and they paid for a substitute to go in
his stead. Then came Lincoln's call for 500,000 more men, and Mr.
Sawyer laid down the pen, paid the bank the money they had given his
substitute and enlisted July 21, 1863. He was major and paymaster of
the United States Volunteers, his commission being signed by President
Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was stationed in Washington and was
accompanied there by Mrs. Sawyer, who also did valiant duty during
the war. Living expenses were so high in Washington that they were
compelled to live in Baltimore, and the secessionist feeling was so strong
in that city that Mr. Sawyer was compelled to dress in civilian attire
instead of in the uniform of his country. While stationed in Washington
he disbursed more than $3,000,000 to the men of General Sheridan's army.
On March 13, 1865, he was breveted lieutenant-colonel of United States
Volunteers for conspicuous bravery and meritorious service in rescuing
a pay trunk, containing $250,000, from Mosby's band of guerrillas.
Shortly after this he was ordered to the Pacific coast and, with Mrs.
Sawyer, made the trip by the Isthmus of Panama.
On reaching San Francisco he was ordered to pay the soldiers in many
of the western forts. The work was particularly hard and dangerous,
not only because the Confederates were dangerous enemies, but the In-
dians had taken advantage of the country's difficulties and were upon
the warpath. Mr. Sawyer traveled from fort to fort, through all sorts of
adverse weather and many dangers, and never faltered in his work for his
country. On July 20, 1866, he was mustered out of service.
He returned to Brattleboro and once more entered the employ of the
bank, where he remained until the institution was wrecked, in 1881. In
1883 he went to Washington as a clerk in the pension bureau, and became
special examiner for the bureau and held that position until removed for
political reasons by President Cleveland. He was again appointed to the
bureau during President McKinley's administration. In 1907, his health
being so poor that it was impossible for him to remain in Washington, he
went to Plymouth, Massachusetts, where he lived until September 28,
1909, when he and Mrs. Sawyer came back to Brattleboro, which had been
the home of their younger days, and here he died October 25, 1910. Mrs.
Sawyer died December 3, 1919.
He was a staunch Republican, who kept informed of political develop-
ments and current events as long as he was able to read the daily papers,
when Mrs. Sawyer with an equal mind for public affairs read to him.
His motto may be said to have been exemplified truly in his life. It was
"Semper fidelis,"— always faithful.
GEORGE F. GALE, M.D. 817
Colonel and Mrs. Sawyer left a son, G. Edwin Sawyer of Buffalo, New
York, born April 28, 1869 ; married Miss Genevieve Trust, who died De-
cember 5, 1898.
Doctor George F. Gale
Doctor George F. Gale, a practitioner of high attainments, especially in
surgery, and a man of strong, virile, positive characteristics, was the
youngest and last survivor of the eleven children of Jesse and Hannah
(Holland) Gale, and was born in Petersham, Massachusetts, May 19,
1887. He attended Petersham Academy, pursued a course of study in
Middlebury College and, after somewhat varied experiences in California
and elsewhere, entered Berkshire Medical College in Pittsfield, Massachu-
setts, a famous institution in its day, from which he received his degree of
M.D. in 1855. While in California, he was superintendent of a smallpox
hospital a year or more. He practiced medicine in Cummington and
Deerfield, Massachusetts, and Janesville, Wisconsin, previous to coming
to Brattleboro in 1858.
He was the first surgeon of the Eighth Vermont Regiment in the Civil
War. The regiment rendezvoused in Brattleboro early in 1862, went to
New York City and there embarked in two transports under sealed orders
and, after a voyage of twenty-seven days, landed at Ship Island in the
Gulf of Mexico and a little later was called to New Orleans, where the
Union troops who occupied the city were under command of General
B. F. Butler. June 24, 1863, Surgeon Gale resigned and returned home, —
but afterwards went south when an emergency call came for more sur-
geons.
Doctor Gale was closely associated in his early practice in Brattleboro
with Doctor C. P. Frost. One of the pioneers in specializing in surgery.
Doctor Gale performed many major operations and showed great skill in
this work as well as in the treatment of fractures. He was called to
testify in important court cases as a medical expert, and his statements on
such occasions were given with remarkable lucidity, easily understood
by jurymen. He was interested in microscopic research and possessed
powerful lenses for this work. He was also the owner of one of the
largest telescopes owned privately in New England, a gift to him through
the will of his friend, Governor Fuller. . With standard instruments he
had kept a careful meteorological record for thirty-seven years, making
his observations three times daily.
Doctor Gale believed that it was his duty to his profession to keep in
fine physical condition. With this idea in mind he was accustomed to
take one month's vacation each year, and for a long series of years he
was a regular visitor in June at Moosehead Lake, where fly-fishing for
818 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
trout was his favorite diversion. He also made fishing trips to the lakes
and streams of New Brunswick, and to the Lake St. John region of
Canada, when it was first opened to tourists. He was a genuine sports-
man, and his love for outdoor life predominated over the mere pleasure
derived from the sport of fishing.
He was a corporator in both the Vermont and Brattleboro Savings
Banks ; president of the Prospect Hill Cemetery Association ; at one time
was president of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ;
was president of the proposed Austine sanitarium through the will of
Colonel Austine, and was on the consulting stafif of the advisory board
of the Memorial Hospital.
Doctor Gale found time for many activities outside his professional
work. He was a member of the first board of village bailitifs chosen in
Brattleboro.
Doctor Gale married in 1849, in Cummington, Massachusetts, Vesta
Richards Orcutt, daughter of John and Hannah R. Orcutt, who was
born February 4, 1831 ; she died in May, 1903. Doctor Gale died April
14, 1907.
Children :
Martha Clara Gale.
Mary Holland, married November 6, 1890, George A. Briggs, born in
1858. She died October, 1920.
George Frederick, died December 6, 1874, aged seventeen.
Charles P. Frost, M.D.
Doctor Charles P. Frost was born in Sullivan, New Hampshire, in
1830 ; he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1852, and at the Medical Col-
lege in 1857.
He practiced medicine in St. Johnsbury until 1862, when he enlisted
in the service of the United States government as surgeon, continuing for
three years; for nine months he was surgeon of the Fifteenth Vermont
Regiment and the remainder of the time surgeon of the board of enroll-
ment.
He met Doctor George F. Gale and C. B. Rice of this town while in the
army, and the former persuaded him to come to Brattleboro where, for
a part of the time, he was Doctor Gale's partner. He was deacon of the
Centre Congregational Church.
In 1869 he accepted a position in the medical department of Dartmouth
College as professor of the science of the practice of medicine. He be-
came president of Vermont and New Hampshire medical societies, and
received the degree of A.M. from Dartmouth in 1865, and LL.D. in 1893.
BENJAMIN KETCHUM, M.D. 819
He was a trustee of Dartmouth in 1890 ; and trustee of the New Hamp-
shire Insane Asylum. He married Miss EHza P. Dubois of Randolph;
she died August 22, 1867. He died May 24, 1896.
Children :
Oilman D., professor of anatomy at Dartmouth Medical College.
Edwin B., born July 14, 1866, professor of astronomy at Dartmouth
College, and University of Chicago, — observer at Potsdam, Prussia,
and Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wisconsin, connected with
University of Chicago.
Doctor Benjamin Ketchum
Doctor Benjamin Ketchum was born in Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania, De-
cember 25, 1837. He graduated at the University of New York.
He married August 7, 1861, Eliza Gray, daughter of Doctor Henry C.
Gray of Cambridge, New York.
In 1862 he went to the front of war as surgeon of the Tenth Vermont
Regulars; he assisted Doctor Edward Phelps in organizing the military
hospital at Brattleboro ; was surgeon of the Twelfth Vermont Regiment,
and afterwards brigade-surgeon on the staff of General Stannard. He
established the hospital of the Twelfth Vermont at Fairfax Court House,
and rendered notable service at Gettysburg.
After the war was over he moved to Brattleboro and lived here until
1870, when he purchased a large plantation near Knoxville, Tennessee,
but within three or four years returned to his boyhood's home, Cambridge,
New York, and practiced medicine there. He came to Brattleboro again
in 1888 and formed a partnership with his brother-in-law. Doctor Charles
A. Gray of Hinsdale. He died January 9, 1897.
Children :
Henry Gray, died January 4, 1879, aged thirteen.
Kate, married Henry Smith, lives in Cambridge, New York.
Liston G., a lawyer of Baltimore, married Miss Laura Richardson ; mar-
ried, second, .
Doctor Frank G., a graduate of Baltimore Medical College, married
Miss Mary Myers.
Colonel John Hunt
Colonel John Hunt was one of eight children of Arad and Sally Newell
Hunt of Vernon, where he was born and where he attended school. He
also went through the West Brattleborough Academy, attended the Whit-
ingham Academy for a time, and graduated in 1848 from Quabug Semi-
nary in Warren, Massachusetts.
In 1851 Colonel Hunt married Miss Leonora Johnson of Vernon.
'82,0 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO '
In August, 1862, he was given a commission as recruiting officer by
Governor Holbrook for the Eleventh Vermont Volunteers and was made
captain of Company E. The regiment drilled for three weeks in Camp
Bradley, when it was ordered south, and for a year was in and about
Washington in the defenses, going out from the forts only once. Colonel
Hunt resigned at the end of the year.
He was commander of a volunteer militia regiment raised at the time
of the St. Albans raid, and received his rank as colonel. This regiment
was not called on for duty but kept up its organization with Colonel Hunt
at its head.
In 1872 he bought a place on Walnut Street, lived there three years and
bought of Mrs. David Goodell the Dummer farm on Vernon road, which
was one of the largest and finest in Windham County, comprising some
eight hundred acres. For many years he carried on the farm, devoting his
attention wholly to it.
Colonel Hunt was representative from Vernon two terms in the Ver-
mont Legislature. He died January 24, 1907.
Children :
Ellen, married January 1, 1873, Chelsea W. Hubbard of Vernon, who
died May 15, 1900; she died in March, 1900. Children:
Lavinia, who married William H. Bond and died.
Marjory H., married John W. Atwood and died.
Leonora, married September 11, 1883, Cassius M. C. Richardson. A
daughter : Leonora.
Arad, married June 21, 1891, Miss Minnie E. Herrick, and has children.
George E. Greene
George E. Greene was born in Lebanon, New Hampshire, August 5,
1830, a son of Amos and Hepsibah (Hoffman) Greene. When a young
man he went with his parents to East Bethel, where he became superin-
tendent of a woolen mill. He married Bessie M. Paul, daughter of
Darwin Paul of that town in 1856 ; she died in 1858. He married, second,
February 13, 1865, Miss Addie Esther Root of Brattleboro.
Soon after the death of his first wife George E. Greene came to Brat-
tleboro and studied medicine. He enlisted in Company I, Sixteenth Ver-
mont Volunteers, October 9, 1862, and intended to go to the front, but on
account of his knowledge of medicine and the care of the sick. Doctor
Edward H. Phelps, upon his own initiative, secured Mr. Greene's dis-
charge from the volunteer army February 17, 1863, for enlistment on the
same date as hospital steward in the United States Army, and Mr. Greene
was chief hospital steward at Brattleboro during nearly the entire period
COMMODORE THEODORE P. GREENE 821
of the war, being discharged September 14, 1865. He made frequent trips
to New York to accompany sick and wounded soldiers to Brattleboro.
In 1865 he formed a partnership with Isaac N. Thorn in the drug busi-
ness, and for several years their store was where F. H. Holden & Com-
pany's drug store afterwards was. Mr. Greene opened a drug store inde-
pendently in the Herrick and Wyman building in 1878, and continued in
business there. On June 20, 1905, he celebrated the compounding of the
two hundred thousandth prescription in that store.
Mr. Greene was president for some years of the Vermont Pharmaceu-
tical Association. At the time of his death he was a director of the
Peoples National Bank, a trustee of the Vermont Savings Bank and presi-
dent of the Prospect H'ill Cemetery Association, a man respected in every
relation of life.
He was a member of the Congregational Church; of Brattleboro Lodge
of Masons; of Wantastiquet Lodge of Odd Fellows, and of Sedgwick
Post. Mr. Greene died February 11, 1908.
Children:
By the first wife, Louis D. Greene^ born October 11, 1857; was in
business with his father; married May 11, 1882, Miss Annie N.
Spencer of Rutland ; he died March 10, 1897. Children :
Doctor Harry Paul Greene, born June 10, 1883.
Raymond Louis Greene, born July 16, 1885 ; married September 10,
1908, Ellen M., daughter of Frank L. Hunt. Children: Louis,
George, Harriet, Gertrude.
A son by the second wife :
Charles W., died February 19, 1880, aged thirteen.
An adopted daughter, Edith, married September 19, 1905, Doctor
Charles R. Aldrich of Brattleboro.
The Navy
Commodore Theodore P. Greene
Theodore P. Greene was born in Montreal. After the death of his
father, he was adopted when quite young by his uncle, Asa Green. He
received his early education in the schools of this town. He was appointed
a midshipman November 1, 1826, commissioned a lieutenant March 19,
1838, and was acting master and lieutenant during the Mexican War. He
married October 17, 1849, Mary Minot, daughter of William and Mary
Morse Ainsworth of New Ipswich, New Hampshire. She was born
February 24, 1822, and died June 9, 1890.
He was promoted to commander September 14, 1855 ; appointed light-
house inspector First District October 24, 1857 ; promoted to captain
:;828 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
July 16, 1862; ordered to command the Shenandoah May 22, 1863; May
28, 1863, detached from the Shenandoah and ordered to command the
Santiago de Cuba, per sloop Ticonderoga; April 1, 1864, ordered to com-
mand the San Jacinto; ordered to command the Richmond, West Gulf
blockading squadron, December 21, 1864; ordered to ordnance duty,
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 18, 1865 ; promoted to commodore
July 24, 1867; member of Board of Visitors, Naval Academy, May 4,
1868; ordered to command Navy Yard, Pensacola, October 15, 1868. In
1871 he was placed on the retired list. July 5, 1876, he was commissioned
a rear admiral on the retired list from May 24, 1872. He had been in the
service of his country nearly sixty-one years, forty-five years in active
service.
He died August 30, 1887, at Jaffrey, New Hampshire, aged seventy-
seven years.
Their only child was :
Reverend Frederick W. Greene.^ He graduated from Amherst College
in 1882, and from Hartford Theological Seminary in 1885. He was
for nine years pastor of the West Parish Congregational Church,
Andover, Massachusetts, and for twenty-five years pastor of the South
Congregational Church in Middletown, Connecticut. He married
Miss Lily Waters. Children :
Theodore, assistant pastor of the Brick Church, New York City.
Walter, teacher of Syrian in the Protestant College at Beirut.
Anna, graduate of Pratt Institute, domestic science teacher to de-
fectives on Randalls Island.
Frederick, farmer.
Ainsworth.
Dorothy, teacher of art in the Young Women's Christian Association.
Reverend Frederick W. Greene died at Jaflfrey, New Hampshire, Jan-
uary 4, 1920.
1 In 1876 he united with the Centre Congregational Church in Brattleboro, and
went forth from this church to college and into the ministry.
THE FLOOD APRIL 1862
APRIL 1862
FLOODS OF THE WHETSTONE 1869
FLOODS OF THE WHETSTONE
FIRE OF 1869
CHAPTER LXXIV
THE BIG FLOOD OF APRIL, 1862
From records made in old diaries it is supposed that the island opposite
this village was under water in 1770 and in 1785. Just how much damage
was done at that time is not known though it could not have been very
great, as the island was in a high state of cultivation when the waters of
the Connecticut River submerged it in April, 1863, and reduced the area
from twenty-two to eight acres.
There were from two to four feet of snow in the forests of the Connect-
icut Valley from the Massachusetts line to the Canadian border, when the
temperature began to climb early in April. For a week the sun shone
every day and the snow of the foothills made tiny rivulets into good-sized
brooks. On April 17 thermometers registered 74 degrees in the shade in
this village and it became apparent that, unless there was a sudden drop
in the mercury, there would be a flood through the Connecticut River Val-
ley, but the change in temperature failed to arrive.
Old records state that the water of the Connecticut River on April 17,
1862, was the highest it had been in fifty years.
It was a sight that confronted the citizens of Brattleboro on the
morning of April 19 — Sunday; From the railroad bank on the Vermont
side of the river to the foot of Wantastiquet on the New Hampshire
shore, the river was a turbulent stream of flotsam and jetsam. The only
thing visible above the waters was the big bridge across the main river.
The "Little River" bridge, like its neighbor from the town of Westmore-
land, had been carried from its abutments. The oldest and best-built
houses on the island had toppled over and been swept away. The West-
moreland bridge, which for several days rested on the head of the island,
had disappeared. There were five feet of water in the foundry building
of George Newman & Son, which stood near the big bridge on the
Vermont shore. One may get an idea of the force of the waters when
told that while the big bridge, across the main river, withstood the rush
of the flood, each span of the structure was bent more than a foot down-
stream.
The waters began to subside Sunday morning. About noon the two-
824 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
story tollhouse, occupied by J. L. Putnam, near the west end of the big
bridge, swung from its foundations and was swept downstream. A house
owned and occupied by Mr. Ehhu Bingham, which stood near by, soon
followed its neighbor. The previous night the West River bridge, which
had clung tenaciously to one abutment after the waters had lifted one end
of the structure Wednesday, toppled over into the stream and was crashed
against the bridge of the Vermont Valley Railroad, where it remained until
Sunday morning, when men with ropes towed it into the little cove or eddy
to the north of the highway bridge and made it fast, thus saving the
structure, which was afterwards placed upon its old abutments.
While the damage from the flood of 1862 has never been estimated, it
amounted to many thousands of dollars. The absence of ice in the Connect-
icut River and near-by tributary streams doubtless prevented much
greater damage. It was estimated that the Hinsdale Bridge Company
sustained a damage of $4000 by the loss of its bridge across "Little River"
and its tollhouse on the Vermont shore. It cost about $10,000 to rebuild
the highway across the island and along the Hinsdale shore of the
Connecticut. Twenty-two acres of fertile soil under the highest state of
cultivation was reduced to eight acres. The land — thirty-five acres at
the time — had only a short time before been bought by N. F. Cabot of
Brattleboro for about $5000. When the waters subsided only a barn,
recently erected, remained on its foundations. A new channel had been
cut the entire length of the island ranging from eight to twelve rods wide
and from ten to twelve feet deep. This channel was caused by the West-
moreland bridge which diverted the rushing current of the stream across
the island.
<.-?S«iL~
B. F. BINGHAM
HIGH SCHOOL
HIGH STREET
CHAPTER LXXV
THE HIGH SCHOOL
The High School. Benjamin FrankUn Bingham — Assistant teachers — Later princi-
pals— Alumni Association.
Benjamin Franklin Bingham — "The Old Schoolmaster"
Benjamin Franklin Bingham was born in Cornwall, April 7, 1824. His
grandfather, Deacon Jeremiah Bingham, one of the original settlers of
Cornwall, moved there with his family in the spring of 1784.
Mr. Bingham's father, Deacon Asahel Bingham, was the second son of
Jeremiah Bingham and was himself a prominent citizen of the town, being
for twenty years its town clerk, and representing the town in the Legisla-
ture for three successive years. He spent his life on the old homestead
of his father, and here his four children were born.
Mr. Bingham's boyhood was like that of other farmers' boys. He
helped in the farm work and got his early education in the public schools.
His brother, Joel S., was a teacher before entering the ministry, and Ben-
jamin F. attended for three years the academy taught by him at Ferris-
burg, and for the two years following a similar school taught by him at
Shelburne. Mr. Bingham taught his first school when a boy of eighteen,
Up to this time he had no thought of becoming a teacher, his purpose
being simply to obtain such an education as opportunity afforded. But
after the conclusion of the examinations which closed the fall term
of his brother's school at Ferrisburg in 1842, a gray-haired man from
Charlotte asked him to teach the winter school in that place; the young
man replied that he "didn't think he knew enough to teach it"; "I will
risk that if you will try it," was the old man's answer, and the result was
that young Bingham agreed to engage himself and taught a successful
term.
Mr. Bingham was married July 1, 1846, to Frances Elizabeth Pease,
who was ever his faithful helpmeet and a friend of every good work in
the communities in which she and her husband lived. For three years
following his marriage Mr. Bingham taught a select school in the fall
and winter in Charlotte. From there he went back to the home farm
826 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
and assumed its management, but for five or six years he taught the fall
and winter terms of the village school in Cornwall. During this time he
was not without public honors, for in 1855 he was chosen town clerk
and was elected a selectman in 1854, 1855 and 1856, being chairman of
the board the latter year.
His reputation as a teacher of ability gradually went abroad, and it was
in the year 1856, while engaged in the alternate work of teaching and
farming, that two gentlemen from West Rutland persuaded him to under-
take the charge of the select school in that place. His work there con-
tinued some eight years and was very successful. There was a decided
objection to the position, however, from the fact that the school was
supported in part by public funds and in part by tuitions, and in conse-
quence the means of its support was more or less precarious — for this
reason Mr. Bingham frankly let it be known to his personal friend, J. S.
Adams, secretary of the state board of education, that he was ready to
accept a position in one of the graded schools of the state if one should
ofifer; Mr. Adams was in Brattleboro when he received Mr. Bingham's
letter and met on the street Charles L. Mead, who asked him if he could
not recommend someone to teach the High School. The result was that
Mr. Bingham was approached by the committee and asked to come to
Brattleboro for a consultation ; this was early in April, 1863 ; the pruden-
tial committee of that year were Deacon A. E. Dwinell, Deacon George
Newman and Horace Hastings, with the Reverend Addison Brown as
advisory committee. Mr. Bingham came down by the afternoon train at
an early day.
Mr. Bingham began his first term here on Monday, April 13, 1863,
and here he remained.
It was no easy task which Mr. Bingham found before him. In several
instances the committee had been unfortunate in its selection of teachers,
— for then, as ever, the material out of which good teachers are made was
scarce, — and in consequence the school had fallen largely into a state of
turbulence and misrule. But at the outset the new teacher let his pupils
know that he was there to command, and that he was also there to awaken
their energy and aspiration, to teach them self-confidence and self-respect,
to treat them like reasonable beings of whom something was expected in
return, and to help them to grow up to be men and women. The result
of his influence was marked from the first. A new atmosphere breathed
through the school ; order reigned where disorder had been the rule before ;
the boys and girls felt that a new force was working over them and in
them, and from that day the school has grown steadily in strength, effi-
ciency, and as a power for good in this community and in the state.
His forte was mathematics and the natural sciences. His mind seemed
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BINGHAM 827
to have a rare clarifying power and whatever was presented to his pupils
was in a way to be understood and to make a vivid impression. He always
went to the root, the reason of things, and his way of teaching was the
best way of all, training the pupil to think. His aim was, in his own
words, to "get hold" of his pupils. He was always studying their charac-
ter with this view and to find how best to inspire them with self-confidence
and self-respect ; the result was enthusiasm, a natural enjoyment of
acquisition on the part of the scholars, intensity and earnestness. Perhaps
the best work of his long service was that before his early classes in
Wells's "Science of Common Things"; it was a dull pupil indeed that
could go through these classes with him without having his or her mind
expanded by the contemplation and study of the meaning of nature.
Mr. Bingham had a striking personality. He was of a massive physique,
with fine head, broad, full brow of vigorous action. His intellect was
strong, logical and original. His emotional powers were unusual, and
were expressed in the suffused eye and sympathetic voice. He was re-
markable in the positiveness of his consciousness that teaching was with
him by divine election. He hated cheap ultilitarianism in education, and
tried to awaken the whole man. He was a schoolmaster, and all the new
methods and machinery of modern times could not crush out of him the
qualities which this term implies.
Faults the man certainly had, but they were such thoroughly human
faults, he was so conscious of them and so free from assumption of good-
ness or superiority, that they served as warnings and not as examples, and
they were overlooked and forgotten in a genuine love for the man behind
them.
The boys who came under his tuition in that memorable first term in
April, 1863, tell us how the moral tone of the boys and girls, of the
street, of the whole community, improved in those twenty-seven years
and grew clean and pure to a remarkable degree.
Every year there came up under Mr. Bingham's hand a new class of
boys and girls, many of them timid and shrinking and watching with half-
scared eyes his quick, alert movements and his ominous eyebrow. On
some of these he inflicted severe discipline; some he admonished with
all a father's tenderness; the obstinacy and conceit of others he pierced
with a ridicule that was worse than blows ; but everyone was loyal to the
High School where truth and honor were taught by precept, discipline
and example in the original methods employed by Benjamin F. Bingham
to develop the mental character of his pupils.
Miss Stella C. Elmer, later (1869) Mrs. James P. Elmer, was for thirty
years an assistant teacher in the High School and held a place of impor-
828 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
tance in the advancement of the school only second to that of the principal,
as also in the respect and affection of the pupils.^
Among the assistant teachers have been, Miss Mary Brown, 1860-1862 ;
Mrs. Howard, 1862-1863 ; Miss Josephine Hyde, 1864-1865 ; Miss Stella
Elmer, 1865-1869 ; Miss Rebecca Crosby, Miss Mary L. Tuttle, Miss Anna
Blanchard, 1869 ; Miss Janette Howe, Mrs. James P. Elmer, 1882, 1883,
1884; Mrs. Elmer, Miss Howe, Miss Preston, 1885; Mrs. Elmer, Miss
Howe, Miss Janette C. Morse, 1886 ; Mrs. Elmer, Miss Howe, Miss A.
Louise Clark, 1887-1888 ; George Rugg, Mrs. Elmer, Miss Anna Greene,
1889.
Later principals of the High School: 1889-1891, E. H. McLachlin ;
1891-1894, James D. Home; 1894-1905, Hobart K. Whittaker; 1905-1918,
Edgar Burr Smith.
Mr. Bingham died June 11, 1889. Mrs. Bingham, who was born March
11, 1825, died March 12, 1899.
Children :
Louise, born July 18, 1847 ; married December 24, 1867, Edwin H.
Putnam; she died March 7, 1912. A son, Frank B. Putnam.
Eugenia, married January 1, 1877, Doctor F. G. Pettee, son of Doctor
A. L. Pettee, who married June 25, 1852, Mary Ann, daughter of
William A. Conant. He died in 1915. Children: Doctor A. Louis
Pettee; Ralph B. ; Clinton F., died December 10, 1912, aged seven-
teen.
Charles F., married May 4, 1886, Dora A. Allen, daughter of Major
B. R. Allen of Newport. Children :
Harry A., born October 8, 1887; married Miss Edna Crosby.
Benjamin F., born November 5, 1893.
Frederic, born August 2, 1912.
A High School Alumni Association was formed in 1907, with Henry H.
Thompson, first president. The annual meeting has been heralded by a
procession of former pupils, who have afterwards gathered in the High
School building for an address by one of their number and a social hour
for reminiscence. The large attendance at every annual meeting is signifi-
cant of loyalty to the memory of the Old Schoolmaster, and to the influ-
ences of the school as he brought it into being.
1 Children of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer : James P., second lieutenant United States
Volunteer Infantry in the Philippines, where he rendered conspicuous service. En-
listed in the Regular Army, 1893; died, 1918. Lula, married July 30, 1901, George
S. Wright, son of George H. Wright of Middlebury. Raymond S. of Bellows Falls.
T~r
CHURCH IN 1843
..-_J
St Mlchie!iiR C ChiSr^
Branleboro Vl.S8-"3
UNIVERSAXIST CHURCH
CHAPTER LXXVI
THE LYCEUM
The lyceum became well-nigh a necessity in every considerable town
and village throughout the land where anything like adequate attention
was paid to intellectual culture and innocent amusement.
The first legitimate effort to arrange a course of lectures under this
system in Brattleboro, was made in the autumn of 1864, and during the
winter and spring following the citizens of Brattleboro had the pleasure
of listening to lectures by Reverend John S. C. Abbott, Miss Anna
Dickinson twice, J. B. Gough, Professor Kellogg of Middlebury, and
Frederick Douglass. The lectures were tolerably well attended. Miss
Dickinson alone receiving anything like an enthusiastic reception. The
leading spirit in the enterprise was Henry C. Willard, Esquire, who was
its practical manager, and evinced in a remarkable degree the peculiar
and not easily attainable qualities and capabilities imperatively needed
to carry it through successfully. The next season, 1865-1866, the experi-
ment was tried again under the same direction, with very encouraging
results. The speakers were John B. Gough twice. Miss Anna Dickinson,
Frederick Douglass, Wendell Phillips, Major J. B. Merwin, U. S. A.,
S. M. Hewlett, Reverend Octavius Brooks Frothingham, Oliver Wendell
Holmes and Henry Ward Beecher. Good audiences were the rule and
general satisfaction was expressed.
There was an extensive total abstinence revival during the winter of
1866-1867, the last of its kind, and the only lectures here were on that
subject, delivered by E. H. Uniac and Doctor Charles Jewett. On
Wednesday evening, March 13, 1867, Mr. Willard introduced Horace
Greeley, and the veteran editor, in spite of the most execrable weather
and traveling, met with a large reception. The lyceum system was again
ignored in 1867-1868, and the people were entertained with a series of
discourses from local and adjacent clergymen.
In 1868-1869 the Young Men's Christian Association took the matter
in hand and got up a very interesting course of lectures by Governor
J. L. Chamberlain of Maine, Professor H. R. Nye of Springfield, Rev-
830 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
erend J. O. Peck of Worcester, Reverend \V. H. Milburn, the blind
preacher, Professor G. N. Webber of Middlebury, Colonel Thomas W.
Higginson of Newport, Professor R. I. H. H. Lincoln of the Lyman
School, Boston, and D. R. Locke (Petroleum V. Nasby). jMr. Willard
managed the course for the Association, and it succeeded so well that a
series was arranged for the season of 1869-1870 as follows: Wendell
Phillips, Kate Field, Doctor L L Hayes, John G. Saxe, Reverend Stephen
H. Tyng, Reverend W. H. Milburn and the Hutchinson Family. This
popular course was supplemented by a series of lectures from Professors
L. Clark Seelye, Mather, Hitchcock, Snell, Clark and J. H. Seelye of
Amherst College.
In 1870-1871 Mr. Willard fairly inaugurated a Citizens' Lyceum and
engaged the following lecturers on his own responsibility: General J. S.
Hawley, Professor J. H. Seelye, Justin McCarthy, Professor W. C.
Richards, Petroleum V. Nasby and R. J. De Cordova. The result was
sufficiently encouraging to stimulate fresh endeavor, and in 1871-1873 the
people were entertained by Mark Twain, Professor E. L. Youmans, R. J.
De Cordova, P. B. Du Chaillu, Louise Woodworth Foss, Honorable C. N.
Golding, Miss Minnie Svvrayze and the Barnabee Concert Company
assisted by Arbuckle, the great cornet player. It will be noticed that
musical entertainments of a high order were here introduced for the first
time. The season was made more memorable by the appearance of Char-
lotte Cushman, under Mr. Willard's management, on the evening of
December 22, 1871. This was one of the red-letter nights in the history
of Brattleboro's amusements. The seats in the Town Hall were arranged
on an inclined plane so that all could have an unobstructed view of the
stage, and the audience was very large, and deeply impressed by the
magnificent histrionism of America's greatest tragedienne.
The season of 1876-1877 opened Thursday evening, October 36, with a
lecture by Mrs. Mary A. Livermore, on "Superfluous Women." Subse-
quent announcements included Bayard Taylor, the Hyers Sisters' Com-
bination, Miss Minnie Swayze, Boston Lyceum Opera Company and Miss
Helen Potter. Two additional entertainments were contemplated, ar-
ranged upon a novel plan. Circulars containing a list of some twenty
names and combinations were distributed among the patrons of the Ly-
ceum and they were requested to designate their preferences and return
the ballot to the management. The result evinced great interest in the
enterprise and brought back votes representing at least five hundred
tickets. The entertainments announced were selected as nearly as possible
in compliance with this vote, Wendell Phillips and the Heine Concert
Company only, among the favored ones, being unavailable. Soon after-
THE LYCEUM 831
wards, public interest in lectures seemed to subside almost entirely and
without any apparent reason.
The Citizens' Lyceum in Brattleboro was never conducted as a specula-
tion; further, it was conducted at an aggregate loss from the start; but
the degree of intelligence in the town is indicated by the subjects chosen,
in this course as in that of the Professional Club^ which was organized in
1879.
i See p. 869.
CHAPTER LXXVII
VERMONT RECORD AND FARMER
Vermont Record and Farmer. Daniel L. Milliken — Henry M. Burt, "Attractions of
Brattleboro" — Reverend Mr. Ketchum — George E. Crowell — E. P. Ackerman —
C. Horace Hubbard — F. D. Cobleigh — J. M. Tyler — Reverend Augustus Chan-
dler— (Reverend Joseph Chandler — Reverend John Chandler).
In July, 1863, Daniel L. Milliken, editor of The Brandon Monitor, a
local paper, changed the name and character of his paper, with the view
of better adapting it to the wants of the whole State, and styled it The
Vermont Record. Mr. Milliken removed to Brattleboro January 1, 1865;
here he had with him for a time Henry M. Burt, who founded The Free
Press at Northampton and The Transcript at Holyoke, who was publisher
of the paper, Aiiwng the Clouds, printed on Mount Washington, and
"Attractions of Brattleboro," and who was connected with The Nezv Eng-
land Homestead, a paper which went out of existence after he moved to
Springfield, Massachusetts. Reverend Mr. Ketchum was also associated
with the editor of The Record for a limited time. Soon after the removal
to Brattleboro, another department was added, with a separate heading,
entitled, "The Vermont Farmer." In 1866, because the Vermont state
fairs were held here September 4, 5, 6 and 7, he published this paper as a
daily morning paper, the first daily in this town. It contained four pages,
was twenty inches long and fourteen and one-third inches wide, with
five columns to a page. In 1866 George E. Crowell came to be on the
stafif. At this time it had the largest circulation of any weekly paper in the
state. In April, 1867, Mr. Milliken sold out to E. P. Ackerman of New-
ark, New Jersey, who conducted the paper for nearly two years. In
January, 1868, the two departments were united under the title, The Ver-
mont Record and Farmer, ^nd C. Horace Hubbard, Esquire, of Spring-
field conducted an agricultural department for a number of years. In
March, 1869, Mr. Ackerman sold to F. D. Cobleigh, a Brattleboro printer,
who had a job office in connection with The Record and Farmer. In May,
1874, Mr. Cobleigh died, and for the following year The Record and
Farmer was under the editorial charge of J. M. Tyler, Esquire, adminis-
trator of Mr. Cobleigh's estate. In April, 1875, Reverend Augustus
VERMONT RECORD AND FARMER 833
Chandler purchased the paper of Mr. Tyler, and in January, 1879, H. L.
Inman of Ballston, New York, formerly one of the proprietors of The
Ballslon Democrat, purchased a half interest, the name of the firm now
being Chandler & Inman. The last issue of the paper appeared April 23,
1880.
While in Brattleboro D. L. Milliken published also a school journal, a
monthly publication. He subsequently removed to Boston, Massachusetts,
and started The Cottage Hearth, a literary and family magazine, which
was continued until it was merged into The Golden Rule, W. H. H. Mur-
ray's monthly. Mr. Ackerman, on leaving Brattleboro, went to New York
and was engaged in different kinds of business.
Reverend Augustus Chandler was born in December, 1830, in Wood-
stock, Connecticut, the youngest of nine brothers, among whom were
Reverend Joseph Chandler, pastor of the West Brattleboro church, 1845-
1870, and Reverend John Chandler, missionary at Madura, India. Rev-
erend Augustus graduated at Williams College, and at Andover in 1859,
in the meantime acting as principal of Westbrook (Connecticut) Acad-
emy ; he was ordained at Saxtons River, and had other pastorates, includ-
ing Dummerston, but in 1869, his health failing, he turned to secular
pursuits and in 1875 bought The Record and Farmer. He died in 1880.
His wife was Miss Lucy I. Lord of Norwich. Children : Mary, who
married Frank Toplifif of South Coventry, Connecticut ; John L. of Guil-
ford; Benjamin F. Chandler of Detroit, educated at Terre Haute Poly-
technic Institute and Boston School of Technology, has been in the em-
ployment of electrical companies in Detroit.
CHAPTER LXXVIII
AFTER THE WAR
Among Chief Justice Royall Tyler's papers were found these Hnes
inscribed to Mrs. Sally Holbrook, giving a first impression of the valley
in which Brattleboro was then nestled :
There is a wild sweet valley, hid among the mountains blue,
And fairer, brighter vales methinks are "far between and few."
'Tis cradled in the granite arms, and 'neath the Sky serene
Of all New England's lovely spots, the loveliest, I ween.
When morning looks with dewy gaze from o'er Monadnock's crest
On foliage, flowers, and fields beneath, and hills pil'd in the west.
And gleams on Whetstone's silver brook, now lost, now seen again,
Soft murmuring as it winds adown this wild green Mountain glen.
Or when Eve's stellar lamps burn bright in heaven's star-flowered field
O'er Hill and Tree and River dark at the base of Chesterfield,
Oh ! then is wrapt in beauty rare, the sylvan mountain scene
The spot of all the Pilgrims' land, where Beauty's home hath been.
Oh ! if fond nature ever wakes the spirit's thrill of bliss,
And stirs within the heart, a thought of gushing happiness,
'Tis when she groups with wayward hand the woodland hill and dale
A scene so true, yet romance like, as Brattleboro Vale.
Terraces rising above the river to the west of this valley, offered an
unrivaled situation for the further growth of a village in harmony with
the Spirit of Beauty that seemed to preside here. It was a slow and
modest growth, following natural lines; in fifty years from the writing
of these verses, less than 2000 had been added to the number of its inhabit-
ants, who in 1860 amounted to only 3555 ; yet, during that time Brattle-
boro had become a place of renown, for the character of its people as for
the untouched beauty of the scenery. To be a native of Brattleboro gave
one a certain mark of distinction.
Changes in the course of economic progress following the Civil War,
and the development of the Far West, were first felt in New England on
the farms, which were, in a comparatively short time, drained of their
young men. From the towns also many of the energetic and ambitious
BRATTLEBORO AFTER THE WAR 835
answered the same call, and yet for twenty years after the war Brattle-
boro retained its original individuality.
This was due in part to a location remote from the centers of human
life; to the stability of the residential population, and to the return for
the summer season of those who were making careers elsewhere, but who
cherished the associations of their native town. Operatives in the various
industries were of pure American stock, with the same general purposes
in view.
It was still a village of white houses and with but few exceptions, build-
ings of every kind were painted white ; all property was surrounded by
fences ; sidewalks were made of the natural soil or Guilford slate ;
there were crossings of slate at intervals the length of Main Street.
Less care was given to grounds than at present — there were no velvety
lawns — and more to gardens. Cows, pigs and hens were kept within the
village limits.
The first conspicuous alteration in the external features of the village
was made in the seventies by the building of Crosby Block and the Brooks
House, which gave a solid brick front to the west side of Main Street, in
place of the Brattleboro House and row of wooden structures of varying
shapes, used as shops, and destroyed by the fire of 1869. x^bout the same
time the weathersheds over the sidewalks on the east side of the street
were removed. There was another innovation when the horsesheds
attached to the churches were taken down, and the farmer's horse and
wagon, during religious services, were hitched for ten cents in the livery
stable.
When piazzas made an appearance on summer residences, and women
began to take recreation in the open air, modern porticoes or piazzas were
added to many of the old houses, and being at variance with them archi-
tecturally, no other so-called "improvement" has proved more destructive
of the harmonious effect of the early village. Day laborers and factory
hands owned their cottage homes. The "Omnibus" on South Main Street
was the only tenement house.
The general merchandise store had had its day, and trade was about to
be specialized, although neither the department store, nor the ready-made
had come into existence. The butcher's cart made the rounds of kitchen
doors every morning; no other purchases were delivered.
The village coach, yellow, round bodied and high hung, carried travelers
and baggage to and from all trains. The railroad station was known by
the name "depot" ; after 1863 the train known as the "owl" was put on, but
before this no train of any kind arrived after five o'clock in the afternoon
and but one passenger train went out in the morning. There were no post
boxes or delivery of mail outside the post office.
836 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Fire companies were manned by private and leading citizens, in whose
families are still cherished gaily decorated fire buckets as trophies signifi-
cant of a simpler past.
Little attention was directed towards "public health" ; the family physi-
cian was the final resort. There were few surgeons or specialists ; there
were no trained nurses.
The Miles School was given up in 1873. Boarding Schools for girls
which had made Brattleboro's reputation as an educational center, declined
with the coming of women's colleges to the fore. The hours of study
in the public schools were from 9 a.m. until noon, with a recess of fifteen
minutes from 10.30, and a second session from 1.30 to 4.30 p.m. In the
first division of the High School, reading, writing, arithmetic and geog-
raphy composed, for many years, the modest curriculum used to develop
the mentality of youth ; Latin was the only foreign language studied ; no
class associations or organizations were thought of.
There were native French and native German teachers residing here,
with many pupils, teachers also of drawing and painting, and of the
piano, violin and voice. In 1836. when Doctor Frederick N. Palmer, the
inventor of the Brattleboro postage stamp, came to this town as a music
teacher, there were already a number of professional musicians settled
here, and so much competition that the young man, notable as a teacher,
turned his attention to the law, and was afterwards appointed postmaster.
Musical talent, for which Brattleboro has been remarkable, being dis-
tributed among all classes, was a pervasive influence, creating a musical
atmosphere which attracted greater talent, and good concerts were chief
in importance among the pleasures of that time ; singing schools were in
existence as late as 1882.
Dramatic and literary societies flourished, and that noteworthy New
England institution, the Book Club.
Sunday was kept as a day of religious observance. Churchgoing was
well-nigh universal, — the Young Men's Christian Association being the
only other organization for uplift ; walking was permissible, but it was
not considered consistent fot a church member to drive on Sunday. A
reverential attitude towards God and man was reflected in the ways and
manners of the time, — and yet, there was more profanity and intemper-
ance, and undoubtedly more hypocrisy.
There were few very rich or very poor and therefore less envy of the
prosperous; fifty thousand dollars was accounted a fortune. Life was
centered in the home, and social customs were of the homemade variety.
Individuality was the fundamental note of the age, and not only inde-
pendence of thought, but a larger liberty of self-will was enjoyed, — men
cultivated their own eccentricities and other men were amused by them.
BRATTLEBORO AFTER THE WAR 837
There was little organization in the conduct of public affairs, and indi-
vidual opinion had an opportunity for free and informal expression.
Before the mania for publicity took possession of the country, beginning
with the seventies, there were no "personals" in the newspapers, and the
wits of a community could turn their inventive talent on the life around
them and escape resentful consequences.
Competition for material rewards was less keen and a margin of leisure
around the daily task made for quality rather than quantity, giving lime
for the amenities of life and for friendships of an intimate and enduring
character.
Living at this time were many descendants of the early settlers, and
many more in whose memories the faces and forms of the founders of the
town, their customs and manners, were an influence from which there
was no inclination to break away. Boys and girls were growing up and
being trained according to these traditional standards. Of the generation
that was passing were families whose intellectual superiority was recog-
nized beyond the limits of locality, and individuals endowed with special
talents or undoubted genius, whose widely dissimilar contributions to
Literature, Art, Science and the Professions have given Brattleboro a
lasting fame.
Chief Justice Royall Tyler had left this world in which he had been an
interesting figure, as well as author of the first comedy played on an
American stage, the first novel written in America, and other romances,
essays and poetry of importance to early American literature. His wife,
of equal personal distinction, lived to be nearly one hundred, and wrote
for her children towards the end of her long life, an autobiography (in
manuscript) which, beginning with her father's implication in the Boston
tea party, the relation of her parents to the patriots of the Revolution
whose names are known to every true American, covers the history of our
country to the Civil War. A more vivid and intimate picture of New Eng-
land life in that period cannot be found. Her long letters and diaries, filled
with details of private and public interest, have been preserved, a descrip-
tion of Guilford as she found it when the Chief Justice brought her there,
a bride, and an account of their removal to Brattleboro, with all that
followed in lives given to activities of head and heart and hand.
Six of their eleven children — two died young — devoted their talents to
educational, humanitarian and religious advancement, each an honor to
the generation that brought them into being. Of those who continued to
live in Brattleboro, Miss Amelia S. Tyler was principal of the Tyler
School ; Reverend George P. Tyler, for sixteen years pastor of the Centre
Church ; and Judge C. Royall Tyler, a judge in whom justice was tempered
with mercy.
838 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
The -Tylers were lovers of nature and the land. All the land from
Terrace to North Street was at one time owned by Judge C. Royall
Tyler. Their home place, overlooking the river and the mountain opposite,
was laid out with the taste of landscape artists, and Mrs. Tyler's flower
garden, extending from the Tyler house back as far as the present St.
Michael's rectory, was the last to disappear, of the spacious gardens made
and nurtured by the daily care of the owner.
The Bradley family has been compared by students of history with the
Adams family of Massachusetts as another example in America of genius
in three consecutive generations.
The Honorable William C. Bradley, son of General Stephen Rowe
Bradley, had been agent of the United States under the Treaty of Ghent
for fixing the Northeastern Boundary, and as member of Congress had
been acknowledged by his compatriots the peer of the great men of his
time, before coming from Westminster to Brattleboro to live with his son,
Jonathan Dorr Bradley, whose talents in the practice of law and as a
leader of the people were second only to those of his illustrious father.
The wisdom of the elder Bradleys was tempered by a wit which was an
illuminating factor in the life of their time.
Miss Anna Higginson was the last of the Higginsons living here, from
a family whose benevolence and patriotism, made more effective by culti-
vated minds and gentle breeding, have become widely known in the per-
sonality. Civil War record, and writings of Colonel T. Wentworth Higgin-
son, who was ever a welcome guest in the town of his mother's adoption.
We are fortunate in possessing a fitting tribute ■ to Miss Anna by her
friend and neighbor, Doctor Walker. (See p. 552.)
Literature and Art were represented by comparatively few people in
those days. Art less than Literature, yet artists were a natural product of
Brattleboro's rich human soil.
William M. Hunt had a studio in the Town Hall building in 1856, and
returned at intervals, to the year of his death, to visit his friend Richards
M. Bradley. He it was who planted the elms on the old Hunt place,
which for half a century were, an ornament to the village street.
The Snow Angel made by Larkin G. Mead, Junior, was a noble concep-
tion for a youth of twenty-one without previous instruction ; but the Mead
children, with hardly an exception, drew or modeled by instinct.
It is worthy of attention that three American architects of the first rank,
Richard M. Hunt, William R. Mead and Bertram Goodhue, have had their
family roots within sight of each other's homes on the main street of
Brattleboro. Unquestioned knowledge and taste have characterized the
remarkably varied and beautiful architectural product of McKim, Mead
BRATTLEBORO AFTER THE WAR 839
and White, in which partnership William Rutherfurd Mead has been so
long associated.
Larkin JMead never entirely outgrew the rusticity of speech which was
common among the boys who were his schoolmates here. It was a unique
sensation for the American visitor to his Florentine studio where every-
thing was indicative of an old civilization, to hear a Yankee colloquialism —
long out of use in the place of its origin — woven with the casualness of
intimate acquaintance, into the conversation of an artist who had passed
the most of his life in Italy.
The charm of the Mead women is said to have been the inspiration of
W. D. Howells' vivacious girl heroines ; it is certain that the story of
Elinor Mead crossing the seas with her brother Larkin to marry the poor
young author, — and his succeeding fame, — was a Howells romance.
The simplicity and human kindness in the daily lives of these families,
and absence of self-consciousness, as they shared the common burdens
and pleasures of existence, made them sources of joy and pride to their
fellow townsmen, stimulating to wholesome ambitions, and accepted as
the standard of comparison by which talent, character and manners were
judged.
The Honorable George Folsom, previously ]\Iinister to The Hague,
added by his summer residence to this galaxy of interesting families, and
persuaded his friend Honorable Hampden Cutts to come and build on the
other side of the Common from the Folsom House. Mr. Folsom had a
taste for historical research, was the author of published works in that
direction, and a promoter of science, literature and the fine arts.
An intimate knowledge of the classics and minds that held them in store
was the natural acquisition of these people. Mr. Cutts was a student of
Shakespeare and gave Shakespearian readings in his own home and in
public. He was actively interested in the Vermont Historical Society.
Judge Daniel and Mrs. Kellogg were of the same cultural association, as
were Mrs. Miles and her two daughters. Miss Jane P. Miles (afterwards
Mrs. James Tyler) had a mind cultivated by the best associations with life
and literature and a keen sense of humor. Positive convictions of right
and wrong were held by Mrs. Tyler, but they never chilled the warmth of
her womanly sympathy and love, which gave her for fifty years a place pre-
eminent in the hearts of the people of Brattleboro, whose welfare and
happiness were as her own.
Beginning with Judge Samuel Wells and Micah Townsend there had
been an unbroken line of incorruptible judges and lawyers of ability.
Charles K. Field was living at the time we are considering, from a
family of men eminent in the legal profession, in which his profound and
original mind and incisive wit found a fitting medium of expression. He
840 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
was also a man of marked eccentricity by nature and intention, an eccen-
tricity that appeared in every phase of his personal life. His recreational
hours were given to satirizing individual idiosyncrasies and social incon-
gruities in the life around him: no boy or girl in the village could escape
his scrutinizing eye and teasing comments.
General John W. Phelps made his residence here after the war, as did
Commodore Theodore P. Greene, — Commander Allan D. Brown, later in
life President of Norwich University, and Commander George W. Tyler,
were returning from voyages undertaken in the services of their country, —
four Christian soldiers.
The Brooks House was ready for occupancy in 1872 and, being well
equipped and well kept, promoted the continuance of the interest in old
Brattleboro, as former residents and their friends made of this hostelry
a meeting place in favorite seasons.
Honorable Dorman B. Eaton, stopping at the Brooks House en route,
was so charmed with the country that he returned as a summer resident,
and here wrote his last published work on "Municipal Government."
Judge George Shea, coming often to visit members of his wife's family,
purchased the Wright house on Oak Street, which became his home, given
to a generous hospitality.
From 1875 to 1877 Reverend George Leon Walker was preaching, in
the Centre Church, powerful sermons such as are seldom heard in churches
situated in the great centers of human life.
Robert G. Hardie, Junior, was at the beginning of his career of artist;
Mary Wilkins was writing her first stories ; Reverend Samuel M. Crothers
was pastor of the Unitarian Church (1882-1886) ; Mary and Lucien Howe
and Harriet Brasor were giving promise of the distinction they afterwards
achieved as musical artists.
Charles C. Frost was still at work in his shoe shop, — better known in
Europe for his scientific attainments than in his native town.
Levi K. Fuller had become an authority in acoustics and was making
many important inventions, on his way to other honors;
In 1892 Rudyard Kipling came to Brattleboro and for four years sent
forth from Naulahka the best of the work of his second period, stories,
poems and the two "Jungle" books, which added to his reputation as the
literary genius of his time.
These were shining examples of Brattleboro's contribution to the world
in this period. But the character of a town is not in the keeping of the
exceptional man, — every man and woman of good will, and sincere effort
in any direction, has added an essential element to the fullness of life
which is the Brattleboro heritage.
UNIVERSALIST PARSONAGE CANAL STREET
CLARK FARM
VILLAGE FROM PROSPECT STREET
CHAPTER LXXIX
THE HOUSEHOLD— GEORGE E. CROWELL—
CROWELL WATER WORKS
George E. Crowell
George Emerson Crowell, son of Nathaniel Crowell and Esther Stone
Day, was born in Massachusetts, at Manchester, on the twenty-ninth day
of September, 183-1, and was but two years old when he was taken by his
parents to Concord, New Hampshire ; a short time afterwards the family
removed to a farm in Hopkinton, where he spent the greater part of his
youth. In the district schools of the neighborhood he received his educa-
tion, developing those quick perceptive powers and a taste for good
literature which distinguished him in later years. At the early age of
thirteen he left school and took up the active duties of life, working on
the farm during the summer months and in a shoemaker's shop in the
winter. He did not, however, forego an interest in intellectual pursuits,
but joining the Philomathic Club, an organization in his town patterned
after the old Spectator Club which flourished in the days of Addison, he
spent his spare moments in the preparation of work which had not a
little to do with the growth of his literary faculty. He was still living on
the farm at the opening of the Civil War, when, in response to the Presi-
dent's call for troops, he enlisted for nine months' service in the Sixteenth
Infantry Regiment of New Hampshire. Going with his company to the
Gulf, he did valiant fighting in the Louisiana campaign.
About this time, on the death of his father, he inherited the home
farm and with it, unfortunately, a heavy mortgage. It was to remove
this encumbrance that, after returning from the war, he decided to em-
bark upon a literary career, came to Brattleboro in 1866 and readily
secured a position on the editorial staff of The Vermont Record and
Farmer, published by Daniel L. Milliken. With courage and determina-
tion he went to work, and on a salary of fifteen dollars a week was
enabled to place in the bank fifty dollars a month toward paying off the
mortgage. While Mr. Crowell was engaged upon The Vermont Farmer,
he saw that there were plenty of papers filled with practical, helpful sug-
gestions for the farmer, but none for the farmer's wife; and in 1867, he
842 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
decided to resign his position, and to start a paper which should be a real
help to the working housekeeper throughout the country. His idea was
not to publish a "ladies' magazine," but something far more practical in its
nature, something that should tend to elevate the labor of caring for the
family, known by the general term of "housework," from a mere drudgery
to a science, and at the same time to assist the homemaker in her attempts
to make the home a more attractive place in which to live. The first
number was published in January, 1868. The Household was the result
which seemed in every way to meet the demands of the people, and
met with encouragement from the start, but unfortunately, its advance-
ment was at first retarded by want of ready capital. Mr. Milliken
sold his interest to Mr. Crowell after the first issue, the latter thus
becoming its sole owner. The original journal numbered sixteen pages,
and by the offer to add four more when the circulation should reach
twelve thousand copies, he greatly enlarged the number of subscrip-
tions. Later he offered to every newly married couple a year's free
subscription, and in this way received many thousand subscribers, who
continued to take the paper. In 1871, after three years of publication,
there were fifty thousand subscribers, — in fact, the periodical paid far
beyond the wildest dreams of the originators, securing the largest circula-
tion of any similar journal in the country. He also erected a Household
building. In 1890-1891 The Household was sold and merged in The
Cottage Hearth. The Household had but thirteen paid subscriptions
when it was started, while in 1890, when it was sold to Pettingill and
W. N. Hartshorn of Boston, there were eighty thousand. When Mr.
Crowell became the sole owner, it was by agreeing to give the proceeds
from 33,333 yearly subscriptions for his partner's half interest, the sub-
scriptions to be secured by the latter.
The business and editorial rooms of The Household were in Crosby
Block, and the pressroom in the basement of Harmony building.
Mr. Crowell owned an interest in the Carpenter Organ Works, the
Brattleboro Jelly Company, and originated and had control of the Water
Works System of the town of Brattleboro, receiving a charter from the
Legislature with a capital of $250,000, nearly all of which was owned in
his family. He also invested largely in real estate, purchasing one hun-
dred and fifty acres in the west side of the town, and putting up houses
for people in moderate circumstances. With notable public spirit Mr.
Crowell, in 1882, opened a tract of thirty acres of woodland on Hines Hill,
which he renamed Chestnut Hill, and built a cottage on it as a shelter
for park visitors. For four seasons it was used by the children of The
Tribune Fresh Air Fund and working girls from Brooklyn, and for five
CROWELL WATER WORKS 843
following seasons it was at the disposal of the Judson Memorial Church
of New York, and four hundred invalids, orphans and others needing the
benefits of the country were sent there.
Mr. Crowell married in 1872 Miss Mary Spenser of Brattleboro. He
died October 15, 1916.
Children :
Christie B., born January 24, 1873, married Miss Elsinore Robinson of
California. A son George.
Herbert, born February 24, 1874; died May 6, 1896.
Esther L.
Ralph W., died April 26, 1883.
Percy V., born January 21, 1884.
Crowell Water Works
In 1882, when Mr. Crowell bought the Isaac Hines property, he put on
a large force of men to complete the aqueduct which Mr. Hines began.
This included the Chestnut Hill reservoir, of 8,000,000 gallons capacity,
which was Brattleboro's main source of water supply for domestic and
fire purposes until Mr. Crowell constructed and added to this water sys-
tem an immense reservoir in Pleasant Valley, 120,000,000 gallons capacity.
The question of public ownership of this system came up in 1905 and
subsequently was carried to the Legislature, but the village finally voted
not to buy it and it has remained in the ownership of the Brattleboro
Water Works Company, of which Mr. Crowell was the head and which
has been managed by his son, Christie B. Crowell.
CHAPTER LXXX
A FLOOD OF THE WHETSTONE
The most destructive flood ever known in Brattleboro occurred on
Monday, October 4, 1869. The weather on Saturday, October 2, and for
•several days previous, had been mild and pleasant, but on Saturday night
the storm gathered, and the rain commenced, continuing without inter-
mission for thirty-six hours, some of the time coming down in torrents.
Whetstone Brook, which always rises suddenly, kept rising until about
noon Monday it became higher than ever before known, and carried
everything before it — bridges and houses and lumber.
All the bridges across the brook between the railroad bridge and
the covered bridge at West Brattleboro were carried away, besides several
above the West Village. This covered bridge stood, a monument of good
, workmanship ; although considerably washed on each side it was only
moved a trifle at one end, and usual traffic over it was soon resumed.
The current of the brook was so powerful that it swept across the
Connecticut River, striking the eastern bank near the further abutment
of the bridge to the island and partly demolished it, so that the current
kept weakening it as the river rose, and finally soon after two in the after-
noon the east end of the bridge commenced falling, and with a mighty
crash it tumbled over and went down the river.
At ten minutes past eleven the people living and doing business on Flat •
Street, began to move their goods and furniture out, as the water had
risen in their cellars and basements. With such rapidity did this dense
volume of liquid rise, that everything floatable was moving in less than
ten minutes, and a struggle for the salvation of human life was made, for
the time being all thoughts of property being annihilated. John L. Ray's
livery stable floor was completely covered with water. Many ready and
willing hands were there to seize his horses by the bridle and lead them
to a place of safety ; all his buggies and horses were taken to high ground
on Main Street. So suddenly did the waters spring upon the workmen in
the blacksmith shop of Mr. Hall, that the floor was afloat and the work-
men were obliged to break through a back door and climb up a stone wall
and take shelter upon Elliot Street. A frame workshop just beyond the
A FLOOD OF THE WHETSTONE ' 845
smithy was washed from its foundation and swung completely around.
Mr. Dunklee, occupying the first house on the right-hand side of Flat
Street, had just begun to gather up his things on the first floor of his
tenement when he was obliged to call for help for the rescue of himself,
wife and two other females. Help was promptly given him by Mr. John
Rogers of the Revere House, who did yeoman's service and saved them,
although they were all pretty well drenched. In the next house resided
Mr. Frank Holding, whose wife had been for four weeks dangerously ill
with typhoid fever; their lower floor was completely inundated. Ropes
and boats were procured by the spectators, who numbered hundreds, and
after much peril and great exertion, the family were taken out alive.
The house of Willard Frost, on the lower side of the street, was in
a peculiarly exposed situation. Fences were broken down by the
ferocity of the current, the woodshed was veered around, the barn
was shaken on its foundation, and inevitable destruction seemed im-
minent. The house was occupied by the female members of Mr. Frost's
family together with Mr. Eugene Frost, Mr. Wells Frost and his
mother. They all went to the upper chamber of the house and there made
signals of distress from the windows to the assembled multitude on Elliot
Street. The rapid current which eddied and whirled around the house on
air sides made it next to impossible for a boat to live in the waters.
Several attempts were made to reach the house, but without success and
these people suffered agonies untold for many minutes, until at last the
timbers which had floated between the buildings formed a raft, on which
they safely passed to the shore.
The large dam at B. M. Buddington's gristmill was washed away,
and the tannery which stood below was demolished and two thousand
hides taken down the stream. Spenser & Douglas's shop was entirely
swept away and the road all along ruined. The bridge near the old
woolen factory went down, on which two ladies had stood a moment
before, barely escaping with their lives. The swollen stream then
swept over Frost meadow reaching Estey & Company's organ factory,
doing no damage to the buildings, but carrying off thousands of feet
of lumber and tearing up the road badly. On the south side of the brook.
Woodcock Sr Vinton's canal for about two hundred rods was torn out and
one of the buildings and some paper injured. The flood swept away in a
moment, Dwinell's furniture shop with all its contents, furniture, tools,
stock and account books, the Main Street bridge, A. F. Boynton's shoe
shop, office of L K. Allen, lumber dealer, and Boyd's fish market. Several
men were in the market, among them the proprietor — he felt the building
tremble and singing out "Run for your lives," quickly followed his flying
846 ■ ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
guests. He sprang out of the door, turned around to look and saw noth-
ing but a mass of water where a second before had stood his place of
business. On the other side the planing mill of Smith & Coffin was cleaned
out of its machinery, tools, etc. ; the machine shop of Ferdinand Tyler
was struck by the timbers and a part of the underpinning knocked away,
the sawmill near the bridge and the foundry below were swept into the
Connecticut with all their contents.
The saddest part of this flood was the drowning of Adolph Friederich,
who was carried on a raft over the falls, and Kittie Barrett, sixteen, daugh-
ter of John Barrett.
The total loss was estimated at about $300,000. All the neighboring
towns suffered intensely.
CHAPTER LXXXI
FIRE DEPARTMENT— THE GREAT FIRE OF 1869
Although the early records are somewhat obscure and unreliable, it is
quite authentic to say that Charles Chapin was the first chief engineer of
the fire department, 1860, followed by Silas M. Waite, 1861-1874 ; John
W. Burnap, 1874 ; Major Elijah Wales, 1875-1877 ; Silas M. Waite, 1877 ;
Major Elijah Wales, 1878-1881; L. L. Davis, 1881-1882; Jonathan C.
Howe, 1SS3-18S7 ; Cecil C. Turner, 1887-1903 ; Harvey W. Sanders, 1902-
1915. A change in the village charter placed the appointment of chief ■
engineer with the village commissioners and they appointed the present
incumbent, Frank C. Streeter.
The rolls of the old-time fire companies are exceedingly interesting,
as they contain many names of men once prominent in the town, all of
whom took great pride in belonging to an engine company. The parades
of these several companies were occasions of great local importance, and
the townspeople were out in force whenever they were held. Most of the
firemen were dressed in red, white and blue blouses with helmets, while
their machines reflected in the floral decorations, the taste of the wives
and daughters of the firemen.
After the parade through the principal streets came the trials of the
engines, held for many years on Main Street, taking water from a reser-
voir near the Town Hall, playing through 300 feet of hose horizontally up
the street ; this was varied occasionally by playing a perpendicular stream
parallel with the Congregational Church spire. These trials were in later
years held on Frost's meadow. Intense rivalry was engendered by these
annual "play-outs" and they were the chief topic of conversation among
the firemen for weeks and months afterwards.
The order of an annual parade in the early seventies was :
Chief Engineer Wales, followed by five assistants.
The Brattleboro Cornet Band. Fifteen pieces.
Hydropath Engine Company, W. D. Perry, foreman. Sixty men.
Machine drawn by four bay horses, in rear of which, hose carriage of the
S. M. Waite Hose Company, No. 1.
Steamer of J. Estey & Company, J. H. Holden, foreman. Twenty-six
men. Steamer drawn by black horses.
848 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Fuller Drum Corps, Frank Putnam, drum major. Twelve pieces.
Fountain Engine Company, No. 4, Machine drawn by four horses. Hose
cart in rear. C. B. Fairbanks, foreman. Eighty-five men.
Western Engine Company, No. 1, Cyrus L. Reed, foreman. Forty-five
men. Machine drawn by four horses.
Mechanics Drum Corps.
Phcenix Engine Company, No. 6, D. W. Brosnahan, foreman. Sixty men.
Protector Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, J. L. Jones, foreman.
Thirty-one men. Truck drawn by four horses.
After the parade a collation was served in the Town Hall, with singing
by Maxham, followed by playing of engines in Frost's meadow. Phcenix
No. 6 played 221 feet J^ inch ; Fountain No. 4, 220 feet ; Hydropath No.
3, 215 feet 9}^ inches.
The line of march was up Main to Walnut Street, through Walnut and
Terrace and across the Common to Chase Street, through Chase and Oak
— after this street was opened- — to High, down High to Main Street, down
Main and out Canal to Birge Street, through Birge and Elliot Streets to
Main, and thence to the meadow on Flat Street.
Several very successful firemen's tournaments were held in the days
of the old volunteer fire department when many visiting firemen from
New England and New York State participated.
An annual ball was given by the fire companies beginning in 1853,
which was attended by a large number of guests from Brattleboro and
surrounding towns. The invitations were after this fashion :
You are respectfully invited to attend the Anniversary Ball of Hydro-
path Engine Company, No. 3, at the Town Hall, in Brattleboro, Friday
Evening, December 31, 1858. Music by the Brattleboro Quadrille Band.
Carriages will be in waiting at six o'clock P. M., precisely.
G. B. Kellogg, F. Goodhue, G. C. L.\wrence, C. F. Simonds,
S. A. Miller, F. H. Franks, Committee of Invitation.
The firemen were paid by the town one dollar a year for their services,
in addition to their exemption from a poll tax. Some of the companies put
the fund thus secured into a supper, served at one of the hotels.
Among those who took a deep interest in the fire department were
Henry Newman, S. M. Waite, William Nichols, who was killed at the
burning of the Estey organ factory on the site of the Brattleboro House,
E. M. Bliss, William Vinton, Colonel Frank Goodhue, William Rockwell,
Fred H. Franks, Wells S. Frost, O. J. Pratt, W. H. Alexander, Joel F.
Willard, Jonas Putnam, George W. Esterbrook, Fred Edwards, Elijah
Wales, Henry Nash, E. Apfelbaum, Eugene Frost, Oscar Wheelock and
FIRE DEPARTMENT 849
Charles Chapin, the last-named being Brattleboro's first chief engineer.
In the early days there were fire wardens armed with wands, which were
carried as a badge of office. The firemen were formed in lines from the
machine to the nearest brook, from which buckets of water were passed
to the machine. At the time of the great fire which destroyed nearly one-
half of Main Street, the women of the town did good service by passing
the buckets, and thus assisted in saving considerable property.
Hydropath Number 3 was for a long time one of the leading companies
of the fire department and had many of the representative citizens of the
town as active members, including G. B. Kellogg, Francis Goodhue, Kit-
tredge Haskins, J. W. Burnap, L. L. Davis, D. W. Tenney, W. D. Perry,
Dana R. Perry, Ben Perry, F. B. Walker, Noyes H. White, Fred T.
Perry, D. E. Tasker, and many others who were prominent as "fire
fighters." This company won a $400 prize at a firemen's tournament in
Rutland, July 4, 1872. They were assigned the first steamer purchased by'
the village and occupied the Central engine house jointly with the hand
engine company, Phcenix Number 6. This engine was formerly known as
Mazeppa Number 4, and was rebuilt largely under the supervision of
Edwin Putnam, a local expert machinist, who took great pride in caring for
this machine. Many of the members of the old Mazeppa Number 4 joined
Phcenix Number 6, including Major Elijah Wales, George Esterbrook,
Edwin Putnam, G. A. Hines, Theodore Turner, and later Elijah Wales,
Junior, and until the "evolution" of the fire-fighting apparatus by the
purchase of steam fire engines were a valuable asset to the department.
Later, when Fountain Number 4 was sold, the company moved into the
Central fire station, taking the second steam fire engine, and hand engine
Phoenix Number 6 moved over the brook, occupying the house vacated by
the Fountain Number 4 company.
The first Number 4 Engine Company had Colonel Hines for foreman
and he was succeeded in turn by Captain Harvey Simonds, Captain
Alonzo Joy and Captain J. W. Simonds, who was the foreman when
"Fountain" was bought. Following him as foreman were, J. A. Taylor,
C. B. Fairbanks, L. H. Dearborn, Jonathan C. Howe, James B. Coffin,
L. S. Higgins, C. R. Briggs and George A. Hines, nearly all of whom
commanded at some of the machine's famous victories, which were always
celebrated with enthusiasm.
"Fountain" came from Lynn, Massachusetts, where she was used in the
regular service and as a sporting machine. When the old Number 4,
afterwards rebuilt into Number 6, was played out, S. M. Waite heard
about the Lynn machine being on the point of being discarded for a
steamer, and in his characteristic way slipped down and bought her,
850 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
paying $800, and the first the people knew of it was when the machine
appeared. This was in 1866, and in 1869 she won her first victory, tak-
ing first money, $400, at Rutland; next at Greenfield she took -$350;
then at Orange, where "Western" won a prize too, and afterwards at
North Adams, where Number 6 Hose also took first money, and at Keene
where she played 225 feet three times and first money was divided
between her and the Gardner machine which made the same and refused
to play it off. Fountain's best play was at the firemen's parade in 1877 —
226 feet 2 inches, when the steamer beat her by two feet. She was sold
to go to Milford after the steamers were bought, and to the Pioneer Com-
pany, Winchendon, for $300 in 1880.
Among the men who served in this company, many of them through
a long series of years, were Governor Fuller, Colonel G. H. Bond, Deacon
H. E. Bond, W. H. Alexander, Jonas Putnam, Joel Willard, Joe Jones,
N. W. Loomis, L. H. Barrett, William Bardwell, Deacon A. A. Stearns,
H. R. Rose, C. B. Dickinson, Fred Root, George F. Root, Warner and
Edwin Atwood, E. C. Crosby, Perry Sherwin, Horace Meacham, M. T.
Van Doom, John Stebbins, James Bowler, William Cunningham, John
Vinton, David Downer, Leander Thomas, E. H. Thomas, D. N. Tolles,
Theodore Turner, P. S. White. J. C. Wilcox, A. F. Wilder, Henry Wil-
cutt, I. A. Williams, Doctor F. A. Woodbury, W. E. Combs, Jerome
Corbett, Otis Edgerton, John Joy, George W. Esterbrook, E. A. Foster,
Thomas Hannon, E. W. Harlowe, HilandHaskins, R. N. Hescock, L. S.
Higgins, M. O. Hodgkins, L. M. Howe, L. J. Johnson, A. E. Knight, E. L.
Knowlton, F. L. Childs, E. L. Cook, O. H. Butterfield, F. A. Bagg, Milton
Bement, E. L. Parker, H. C. French, John Orton, I. K. Allen, C. L. Piper,
C. W. Stewart, C. F. Reed, S. W. Richardson, W. H. Roleau, Oscar
Smith, C. L. Spear, N. L. Staples, Frank Stockwell, Alanson Stone, R. H.
Timson, C. A. Waitman, Drury Weatherhead, Hosea Jones, L. A. Witt,
H. M. Wood, C. H. Woodward.
The old Protector Hook and Ladder Company Number 1 truck is still
in existence, but will soon be relegated to the "scrap heap."
Colonel Silas M. Waite, as chief engineer, made important improve-
ments, fires under his management being quickly controlled so that they
did not extend beyond the buildings where the fires originated. In 1870
there were three engines and a hook and ladder company, three hundred
citizens were enrolled in the engine companies, the village had four thou-
sand feet of hose and was protected by water from the Whetstone. For
ten years William Dorr Perry was hoseman.^ In 1871 there was an
Independent Hose Company named S. M. Waite. •
^ In Hydropath Company, Number 3.
THE FIRE OF 1860 -851
In 1873 a wave of incendiarism aroused the voters to the need of better
fire protection and, as a result, the old hand engine belonging to Mr.
Perry's company was sold to the town of Barton and a steam engine
bought to replace the old tub. JMarch 1, 1874, John W. Burnap became
chief engineer.
There was a Union Engine Company in West Brattleboro previous to
1868. March 6, 1871, the Western Engine Company, Number 1, was or-
ganized with an engine of Hunnsman type, using forty-eight men.
The Fire Department, reorganized as a paid department in 1886, con-
sisted of seventy men, divided as follows : chief engineer and four assist-
ant engineers ; one hook and ladder company of sixteen men ; two
steamer companies of seventeen men each, and one hose company of fif-
teen men. The chief engineer was elected annually by the village, and the
four assistant engineers were appointed by him, subject to approval of the
village bailiffs. All members of the Fire Department were first approved
by the board of bailiffs and board of engineers, and required to sign the
rules and regulations governing the Fire Department. The apparatus
consisted of one hook and ladder truck, two steamers,^ each capable of
pumping three hundred and fifty gallons of water per minute, a hose
cart and three thousand feet of first-class modern fire hose.
The Estey Organ Company also had a steam fire engine, with a well-
organized company of their workmen.
The improved and greatly enhanced gravity system of water pressure
has gradually evolved the later and more modern fire-fighting apparatus,
motor driven, and its added efficiency has largely superseded the steamers
which are only held in reserve, and used only for some special purpose.
The Gre.iiT Fire of 1869
Closely following the great calamity of the flood came a most disastrous
fire. About 2.30 o'clock on Sunday morning, October 31, Night Watch-
man "Vet" Burlingame discovered fire in the kitchen of the saloon of
A. E. Eayrs in Central Block, and the watchman, in those days of crude
system of fire alarm sounding, had to run to the lower Main Street shop
of Estey & Company to have the whistle blown, which was delayed for
some minutes, and after more delay two bells were rung. The fire start-
ing in Eayrs's saloon soon worked both north and south, and within
three hours all of the buildings on the west side of Main Street between
High and Elliot Streets were consumed by the devouring element. The
large building on the corner of High and Main Streets, occupied by John
Retting as a cabinet shop, the great market occupied by W. F. Richardson,
1 Of Clapp & Jones (New York) make.
852 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
the grocery and flour store occupied by J. W. Frost & Company, with a
large portion of the stock of goods, the building used by E. A. Eayrs
as an eating saloon, and by B. N. Chamberlain as a hat store, with lodging
apartments above, — all were destroyed.
The raging mass of flames then swept across an alleyway on the south,
and in an incredibly short time the three-story Brattleboro House, then
managed by Charles G. Lawrence, was completely enveloped. Super-
human efforts were made to save property, but very little was saved.
Across another alley and next building south of the hotel, stood Blake's
Block, for the saving of which hopes were entertained, occupied by Clark
& Willard's drug store, A. C. Davenport's grocery store, E. J. Carpenter
as news dealer and village librarian, and Felton & Cheney, booksellers and
stationers. The flames were subdued at this point, leaving the lower
portion of the south wall standing. On the second floor of Blake Block
were the offices and dwellings of Doctor Charles W. Horton and Dentist
A. L. Pettee.
The recent destruction of the dams, etc., by the freshet of October 4,
the water wheel at the machine shop. used to pump water from the brook
to the central part of the village for fire protection, having been disabled
by the flood, the bridge across the brook being gone, taking a longer time
for the Fountain Number 4 engine to reach the fire, with the then
insufficient means of sounding fire alarms, and the tampering by some
evil-disposed persons with the engine and hose of Phoenix Number 6,
all conspired to favor the spread of the fire and hinder its being earlier
subdued. It took a long time to remove carefully placed obstructions in
the leading hose of the Phcenix engine and put it in working order, while
had this machine been available from the first it was thought the fire
would have been arrested before much progress had been made.
There was a strong northwest wind blowing, carrying cinders and
pieces of various combustibles to a great distance, setting fire to the roofs
of many buildings on the south side of the brook. The Revere House,
across Elliot Street, was in imminent danger for a while, taking fire many
times, and most of the furniture being removed.
The buildings on the east side of Main Street, opposite the fire, were
in dangerous proximity to the flames, — the street then being eight feet
narrower than now, — and were on fire several times.
The barn and stables in the rear of Retting's shop were saved by the
timely arrival and exertions of Rapid engine Number 2 from West
Brattleboro. by whose efforts alone were saved Masonic Hall on High
Street, Wilder Smith's livery stable, and three small houses on "Laundry
Lane" in the rear of the Frost store.
CHAPTER LXXXII
DEVELOPMENT OF JOB PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Development of job printing and publishing. George Eaton Selleck. The Brattle-
boro Times — Edward Bushnell — Daniel Selleck — L. L. Davis. Frederick C. Ed-
wards— George H. Salisbury. The Tramp Printer, T. P. James — "The Mystery
of Edwin Drood" — E. L. Hildreth & Company — Mrs. Esther T. Housh — Woman
at Work — Edward Bushnell — The Leisure Hour — Charles Spencer — The Brattle-
boro Evening Times.
George Eaton Selleck
George Eaton Selleck, born in Middlebury June 24, 1834, learned the
trade of printer in his native town and was employed for a time on The
Middlebury Register. Later he worked in Burlington, came to Brattle-
boro in June, 1855, and was employed for some months on The Vermont
Republican. He established a job office in 1857, buying out James H.
Capen, then located in "Hall's Long Building" and continuing in business
until 1881, when he admitted L. L. Davis as partner. In 1861 The Brat-
tleboro Times, a small sheet, was published by George E. Selleck for
twenty-five cents a year.
He went to the war in the Eighth Vermont, first as sergeant and then
as lieutenant, leasing his office to Edward Bushnell, and, when the latter
went to the front, to his brother, Daniel Selleck. For several years the
office was located where Hackley & Moran were for a number of years,
and after the Marshall and Esterbrook block was built it was moved there,
first on the second floor and then to the first, and remained there for more
than twenty years.
Mr. Selleck sold to his partner in 1898 and from that time, on account
of poor health, worked only at intervals in different printing offices in
town. He had been at the printer's trade for forty-seven years, and in
business for himself forty-two years.
Mr. Davis, who took the business alone, was a veteran of fifty years at
the printer's tra-de. He began as an apprentice with B. D. Harris on The
Semi-Weekly Eagle in 1850. Four years later The Eagle was bought by
Piatt & Ryther, who had been running The Pharnix, and who gave the
name of The Republican Statesman to the consolidated sheet and moved
,854 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
the business to where the Retting Block stood later. Then Charles Cum-
mings started Tlie Phanix, "New Series," and a year or two later bought
out Piatt and the old name of "Phcenix." His workmen at the time were
Mr. Davis, Charles S. Prouty and James A. Swigley. The last-named went
to Missouri and for a period was register of probate. Another of their
comrades at the case was Captain Henry H. Prouty, later of Kimball,
Nebraska, county judge and for several years postmaster.
Cummings went to the war, was lieutenant-colonel of the Sixteenth and
colonel of the Seventeenth, and lost his life in his country's service. The
Phmiix passed to Mr. Prouty, with Reverend Addison Brown and later
D. B. Stedman as partners, until finally in the early seventies O. L. French
became connected with it. Mr. Davis, through these changes, was em-
ployed on it, except for three years spent at Hyde Park, Montpelier, Lee,
Pittsfield and Springfield, Massachusetts, until in 1871 he became fore-
man on The Record and Farmer under F. D. Cobleigh and Reverend A.
Chandler, and then after a few months in the office D. Leonard became
foreman of The Reformer office, where he remained for four years, until
in October, 1881, he bought an interest in the Selleck business.
Frederick C. Edwards
George H. Salisbury
Frederick C. Edwards, whose native place was Northampton, Massachu-
setts, came here in his youth to learn the bookbinder's trade. It is not
known with whom he worked the first year or two, but it is probable that
he had acquired a place of his own in the early fifties, for it was he who
taught George H. Salisbury the trade at about that time. After a year or
two Salisbury, who was a native of this town, bought out the business and
established himself as a printer and bookbinder. Salisbury was a versatile
sort of a fellow, always looking for an opportunity to expand his business.
At one time he purchased a water power privilege on the Green River and
built a dam, with the intention of erecting a paper mill there. This plan,
however, was abandoned, for a freshet swept the dam away and stopped
the enterprise.
In 1858 Mr. Salisbury sold back his business to Mr. Edwards, who
continued it until his death in 1881.
Early in the war Mr. Salisbury went south as a sutler, going from camp
to camp, selling merchandise to the soldiers. At the close of the war he
went to New York to go into business as a baker. After having accumu-
lated a considerable amount of money, he returned to Brattleboro, and later
opened a bakery and restaurant here.
THE TRAMP PRINTER. T. P. JAMES 855
The Tr,\mp Printer and T. P. James
There was perhaps no better known character than the tramp printer
of the early sixties who traveled from town to town, stopping in one place
perhaps a week or, if conditions were particularly propitious and the
work not too hard, staying on for as long as six months. He saw the
country, he had no responsibilities, he earned good money which he spent,
and while he saved none, perhaps he did not need to, for he could always
get a job.
T. P. James was perhaps the best known tramp printer who ever came
to Brattleboro, and he stayed here until he became very much of a
local character, and more than a local character, for it was he who
claimed to be the spirit pen of Charles Dickens. He arrived with his
alleged wife, sometime in the early seventies, claiming also to be a master
printer. After having been employed in one or two printing shops, he
withdrew from the trade for a time, announcing that he was about to
retire to the deepest seclusion in order that he might, as the medium for
Dickens, complete the unfinished story, the "Mystery of Edwin Drood."
There was considerable interest and excitement attendant upon this an^
nouncement, not only in Brattleboro, but all over the country. Reporters
from great metropolitan dailies came to interview and study the case, and
most of them went away puzzled. The Springfield Union, in the summer
of 1873, gave as the results of its interview that there were only two
possibilities, either some person of genius was using the young man as a
go-between and to bring out a book in a novel way, or else the work was
really that of Charles Dickens. The reporter from The Union stayed in
town several days and went away, as he said, "absolutely stumped."
The book finally appeared, after many postponements, on October 31,
1873, was favorably commented upon by many Dickens critics, and for a
time was widely sold in this country and in England.
James, flushed and encouraged with the notoriety and success of his
"Edwin Drood," decided to continue as a Dickens medium. In June of
the following year, he published the first, and, we believe, the last issue
of a monthly paper. The Summerland Messenger, which was to be devoted
not only to the future works of Dickens, but to spiritualism in general.
He started several other projects of this nature which did not receive quite
the reception that he had anticipated, so they were dropped. A story
called the "Life and Adventures of Bockley Wickelheep" certainly has the
Dickens flavor, if one may judge it merely by the title. A former em-
ployer of his in Lowell spoke of him as a "first class journeyman printer,
a free and easy fellow — good tempered, well dressed with his boots always
blaicked and smoking his cigar with the ease of a lord." He, however,
went on to say that James was possessed of no literary taste, had not writ-
856 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
ten a sentence previous to going to Brattleboro, and had neither the brains
nor the stabihty of purpose to carry out such a project, unless he actually
was under spirit control. In one interview James declared that he
had never read the first part of the book. The mystery of the "Mystery
of Edwin Drood" has never been definitely settled, and it probably never
will be. Impostor or not, James was an interesting character ; according
to the testimony of some who knew him a brilliant fellow, but one whom
people absolutely refused to take seriously.
In the late sixties Brattleboro was the center of a large printing and
publishing business. James H. Capen had a small job printing office and
at the same time acted as Brattleboro's first telegraph operator. In 186S
he sold his printing outfit to D. B. Stedman, who was one of his employees.
George E. Crowell, in connection with his brother-in-law, D, L. Milliken,
was making a beginning on the monthly paper. The Household. The
Phcenix, a weekly newspaper, was being published, and Milliken & Burt
were getting out The Vermont Record and Farmer.
On January 1, 1868, D. B. Stedman sold out his job printing establish-
ment to Frank D. Cobleigh, and he himself went into The Phcrni.v office.
Frank Cobleigh was a man of unusual ability, who saw that the future
of printing in Brattleboro was unlimited. Unfortunately his health was
poor, and as a result his business suffered.
His first big printing contracts were with Hunter & Company, who had
a mail order house in Hinsdale, New Hampshire. This house originated
during the early years of the war and specialized in notions for soldiers
at the Front. As an advertisement, Cobleigh printed for them a four-
page sheet which was called The Star-Spangled Banner. This was con-
tinued a great many years, even after Cobleigh's death. He also printed
for them catalogues, sales letters and all the other matter necessary for
a considerable mail order business. He soon took over The Vermont
Record and Farmer, from the Ackerman brothers, Ed P., and Aaron A.,
who had bought from Milliken & Burt. Cobleigh continued as editor and
publisher of this paper until his death though for some time Mr. Charles
W. Wilcox had much of the responsibility of the paper. While here he
also took on the publishing of George E. Crowell's The Household.
The business was in a bad way, and Judge J. M. Tyler, who was the
administrator, to meet the demands of the creditors, decided to continue
the business under the old firm name and under the management of the
very able foreman, L. L. Davis, afterwards a partner of George Selleck.
Late in March of 1875 Judge Tyler sold to De Witt Leonard of Fair
Haven, Vermont, the job printing part of the business. The Vermont
E. L. HILDRETH & COMPANY 857
Record and Farmer went to Reverend A. Chandler, a retired clergyman
of Dummerston.
De Witt Leonard, who as well as being the successor to Cobleigh had
bought out the small job print shop of O. A. Libby, was a very
dilTerent type of business man from Cobleigh. He had, as a boy, been
much interested in printing, picking up his knowledge by himself in a
printing office in a village neighboring to Fair Haven. He set up in
his father's parlor an office with presses, type and equipment, largely of
his own make, and there carried on quite a thriving business. After the
war, he was associated with several business concerns both in his own
town and elsewhere, before coming to Brattleboro. He was a man of
exemplary habits, sound business judgment and an attractive personality.
He carried on the printing plant for a period of twelve years, from 1875
to his death in 1887, following rather conservative lines, and never
branching out into larger fields. In 1882 he built the Leonard Block on
Elliot Street now occupied by Horton D. Walker.
Edwin L. Hildreth
Edwin L. Hildreth came to Brattleboro from Hinsdale in 1881 to learn
the trade of printer with De Witt Leonard. After the death of Mr. Leon-
ard in 1887, the shop was purchased by Hildreth & Fales and in 1890
Mr. Fales's, interest was bought by Mr. O. L. French, the firm name being
changed to E. L. Hildreth & Company. In October, 1910, Mr. French's
interest was bought by Mr. Hildreth. The latter has been the active man-
ager of the business since 1887 and from that date it has developed and
expanded until it is one of the larger printing establishments in New
England, doing some of the finest and best work for a critical clientele.
In the early nineties came the real beginning of the "out of town" busi-
ness. One satisfied customer was followed by another, until at the present
time three-fourths of the yearly output goes outside the state. The rela-
tions of the office with its clients has always been friendly and intimate
and many visitors to the printing office have gone away impressed with
the character and efficiency of the entire organization.
The firm's connection with the Yale University Press began in Novem-
ber, 1910, with the printing of a small book of forty-four pages. From
that time the list has steadily increased, until now a greater part of the
titles issued by these publishers are printed at "Hildreth's." The typogra-
phy and presswork of these Yale books are often referred to as examples
of the highest excellence. During these years the office has also done most
of the "Northfield work," including The Record of Christian Work.
The American Physical Education Association, the Association Press,
the Womans Press, the Brick Row Book Shops, the International Young
858 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Men's Christian Association College, the Exporters' Encyclopaedia Cor-
poration, the Congregational Church Building Society and many other
organizations and individuals in New York, New Haven, Springfield and
elsewhere also know of Brattleboro chiefly as the home of the Hildreth
Press.
Woman at Work
Mrs. Esther T. Housh established in 1880 at Louisville, Kentucky, the
magazine, Woman at Work. In the early part of 1883, Mr. George E.
Crowell, learning of Mrs. Housh's desire to move the publication to some
eastern locality, wrote, urging her to come to Brattleboro, and offered
her special inducements. After jMr. Crowell's success with The House-
hold, he was ambitious to make Brattleboro a publishing center. Mrs.
Housh arrived here May 30, 1883, with her son, Frank E. Housh.
The first few numbers of the magazine were set up in the composing
room of The Household, and the presswork and binding were done by D.
Leonard. It was not long, however, before the magazine was established
in connection with a general job printing business in a part of the Car-
penter Organ Company building on Elliot Street. Here the magazine was
printed and bound by Frank Housh, while Mrs. Housh was the editor.
The magazine was devoted to the higher and general interests of women
and reflected to a marked degree the brilliant mind and superior qualities
of its editor. Mrs. Housh also edited The National W. C. T: U. Bulletin
and the organ of the state W. C. T. U. called The Home Guards. About
1885 the name, Woman at Work, was changed to The Woman's Magazine.
Mr. Housh not only printed the magazines edited by his mother, but
he did a considerable job printing business as well. About 1888 Mr.
Crowell became a partner in the general publishing and printing business,
under the firm name of Frank E. Housh & Company. They printed The
Holstein-Friesian Register, conducted by F. L. Houghton, and a small
book called "Brattleboro in Verse arid Prose." During the most prosper-
ous period, the company employed about twenty-five persons.
Early in 1892 the magazine was discontinued and the partnership be-
tween Housh and Crowell dissolved. The plant was kept busy with orders
for general printing, however, until the latter part of 1892, when Mr.
Housh sold the larger part of his business to Charles Spencer.
On May 30, 1893, just ten years after their arrival, Mr. Housh with
his mother removed to Boston, where he has since been engaged in an
extensive business.
The Leisure Hour
Edward Bushnell was employed by Mr. Crowell for a period of nine-
teen years as foreman of the composing room of The Household. He
CHARLES SPENCER. THE EVENING TIMES 859
was practically in charge of the publishing end of the business during this
period, and was a very skillful printer. At one time he formed a partner-
ship with Mr. Durfee, under the firm name of Durfee & Bushnell. They
published for a short time, under the patronage of Mr. Crowell, a magazine
called The Leisure Hour. The magazine might have prospered but for
the fact that Mr. Durfee suddenly left town, leaving the financial and
editorial responsibility entirely upon Mr. Bushnell. Mr. Bushnell imme-
diately suspended publication of the magazine.
Charles Spencer and The Brattleboro Evening Times
In the eighties there was a country-wide wave of amateur printing,
influencing girls as well as boys, and in ditiferent communities small
papers appeared in weekly, semimonthly or monthly form, but oftener
when the spirit moved. So important was the movement that a National
Amateur Printers' Association was formed, with branches in almost every
state. These associations met annually in conventions. The movement
is sigfnificant in that it served as a training school for boys and girls who
were later to be printers, publishers and editors. It is said that Mark
Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) was among the most enthusiastic of the
amateurs.
The movement reached Brattleboro as early as 1885, and several boys
of the town were getting out papers, among them Charles Spencer, who
published for several years a small paper called The Advance. Its pri-
mary distinction perhaps was the fact that each issue was printed on a
different sized paper. ■ Having become interested in. printing and the
Vermont branch of the Amateur Printing Association, which he helped to
found, he started in the job printing business May 1, 1890, in Miner's new
building on South Main Street, now the Park block. During the following
year he began printing a monthly magazine. Literature and Art, which was
edited by a former Brattleboro boy, Cecil H. C. Howard, and managed
by another Brattleboro boy, W. B. Goodrich. For lack of subscription
this paper did not last long.
April 28, 1891, appeared the first issue of Brattleboro's first daily
paper. The Daily Evening Times. The publisher and owner was Charles
Spencer, and the editor was H. R. Dawley. At the time of this issue both
young men were under twenty years of age. It was a most ambitious
undertaking and deserved larger support than it received. For three
months Spencer and Dawley continued to publish this quite readable little
sheet.
June 1, 1891, when Mr. Spencer bought out Frank E. Housh & Com-
pany, he moved his business to the Hooker Block.
CHAPTER LXXXIII , : .
INDUSTRIES— BANKS
Industries. Brattleboro Woolen Mills — Sewing machines, 1859 to. 1882 — Knitting-
machine needles, J. B. RandoU, 1876 — Furniture, 1865-1873 — Cigar industry, John
D. Roess, 1869 — Stencil dies, S. M. Spenser, E. M. Douglas — First gas house,
Brattleboro Gaslight Company — Organ reeds, J. D. Whitney & Son, 1876^— Baby
carriages. Smith & Hunt, 1873 — Qiildren's toys, S. A. Smith & Company, 1889 —
Brattleboro Furniture Company — E. P. Carpenter Organ Factory — Corser &
Hidden, overalls, 1890.
Banks. Brattleboro Savings Bank — Peoples National Bank.
In 1847 the Brattleboro Woolen Mills, Birge Street, were owned by P. T.
Clark, F. A. Wheeler, agent ; in 1865 they were owned by Whittemore &
Davis, Springfield, and run by Frost & Goodhue, Brattleboro. In 18G6
the Brattleboro Woolen Company was owned by Jordan, Marsh & Com-
pany, Boston, J. W. Frost, agent. Balmoral skirts were made a specialty.
Sewing Machines
Leavitt R. Sargent^ came from Dummerston to Brattleboro in 1847; in
1849 he formed a partnership with H. P. Green, taking the Frost Street
building of the Estey Organ Company, and began the manufacture of
furniture. After a few years this partnership was dissolved, and in 1861
Mr. Sargent formed a partnership with Frank W. Harris for the manu-
facture of hand sewing machines, which he continued six years, employ-
ing about forty men.
In 1859 Charles Raymond came from Bristol, Connecticut, and estab-
lished here the business of manufacturing sewing machines; but in 1863
he gave up the enterprise and removed to Canada. He secured many
patents on sewing-machine appliances in this country, Canada and Great
Britain.
Colonel Levi K. Fuller established the second sewing-machine factory,
immediately after Mr. Raymond's removal, but his shop was burned at the
1 In 18S2 Mr. Sargent married Miss Maria Lawton, who died May 2, 1887, aged
sixty; he died December 24, 1883, aged sixty-one. Their daughter, Jennie M., mar-
ried Prescott White. Children : Elizabeth ; Harry Keith White, of Wilder & White,
architects. New York, married Miss Blossom Fitz-Randolph. Son : Leavitt Sargent,
born August 10, 1915.
INDUSTRIES 18G5-1890 " "861
time of the Estey fire, June 4, 1864. He then started a new factory, but
sold out the business and the works were removed to Lowell, Massachu-
setts, in 1866.
In 1864 Alessrs. Leavitt Sargent and Charles Dennison started a third
sewing-machine factory ; in 1865 John and David Abbott started another ;
in 1867 J\Ir. Davis still another; but, failing to make satisfactory arrange-
ments with the sewing-machine monopoly, which had at this time secured
the control of the leading machine patents, all of these parties retired from
the business.
A fresh impetus was given to the sewing-machine industry in 1870 by
the invention of the Green Mountain machine by David A. Abbott. He
came to Brattleboro from Putney. Associated with him was his brother,
John Abbott, and later Charles F. Thompson and S. L. Miner. He
retired from active business about 1874-1875.
J. B. Randoll's knitting-machine needle factory, established in Center-
ville in 1876, was moved to Harmony Block in 1880, where twenty men
were employed and one million five hundred thousand needles made per
year.
Dana Bickford, John L. Simonds, B. D. Harris, Frank \V. Harris,
J. Estey & Company and C. F. Thompson & Company formed a joint stock
company, with a capital of $150,000, for the manufacture of the Bickford
Knitting Machine in this town, January 1, 1875.
Mr. Simonds, whose experience in the manufacturing of sewing ma-
chines eminently qualified him for the position, had immediate charge of
the business. In 1876 they sent one thousand machines to Russia. In
1879 they left Harmony Block and bought the shop at Center^'ille which
had been erected by the New England Furniture Company. In 1883
Colonel Levi Fuller came to the head of the Bickford Company and im-
mediately set about designing a new model machine which should take the
lead of all the machines before the public.
The Higbee Sewing Machine was manufactured here for a time, be-
ginning with 1883. It involved an entirely new idea, the running of the
whole, the feed and needle bar, by one eccentric motor, — invented by
Luther E. Higbee.
Furniture
The Brattleboro Manufacturing Company, for the purpose of manufac-
turing furniture under a charter granted November 3, 1865, and over
$18,000 having been subscribed to its capital stock, offered an opportunity
to additional subscribers, January 13, 1873. By January 19, $30,000 had
been subscribed, and work began at Centerville under the immediate
charge of Leavitt R. Sargent and H. P. Green.
^62 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In February, 1872, the Douglas & Hawley Company was reinforced
by the following officers, under the name. The New England Furniture
Company: President, D. S. Pratt; secretary and treasurer, L. W. Hawley;
directors, D. S. Pratt, E. Wing Packer, R. W. Clarke, O. B. Douglas,
S. M. Spenser. The capital stock was $50,000.
Hollender, Henkel & Stellman made furniture from 1871 to 1873 in
West Brattleboro in an old building built in 1837 for the manufacture of
Jaquith rifles.
Cigars
John D. Roess
John Diedrich Roess was born in Bremen, Germany, May 16, 1829, a
son of Christian and Elizabeth (Rummelman) Roess. He learned the
cigar-making trade in Germany and came to New York City in Novem-
ber, 1853. In April of the following year he went to Feeding Hills,
Massachusetts, which was then a center of the cigar industry, and was
employed there until he came to Brattleboro November 27, 1868, to form
a partnership with his brother-in-law, William Leonard.
Leonard & Roess began making cigars in Brattleboro in 1869-1870,^ in
the old Arcade. At the opening of the year 1873 they were employing
between thirty and forty men, Germans, who made thirty thousand cigars
a week, and later in the same year fifty thousand. For a number of years
they had a retail store where Robbins & Cowles's hardware store now is,
having a shop in Harmony building, where they employed sometimes as
many as seventy-five hands. They moved into the Leonard & Roess store
in the Hooker building as soon as the building was completed, the store
and workshop overhead being specially designed for them. After the
death of Mr. Leonard, in February, 1890, Mr. Roess continued in business
alone until July, 1901, when his son, John L. Roess, bought a half interest
in the business.
Mr. Roess married, first, October 18, 1862, Miss Delia Leonard of Feed-
ing Hills. She died September 19, 1896. He married, second, November
13, 1898, Mrs. Ascherman of Westfield, Massachusetts. She died July 7,
1901. Mr. Roess died June 23, 1904.
Two of the seven children by the first marriage, John L. Roess and
Herbert C. Roess, with a half brother, Albert A. Smith, of Brattleboro,
survived their father. Three children died of scarlet fever in four days,
1879.
John L. Roess married September 6, 1893, Miss Hattie L. Morse.
1 Charles H. Pratt made cigars here from 1853, the first manufacturer in the
state.
INDUSTRIES 1865-1890 863
William Leonard, born in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts, March 31,
1839, was the eldest of three children of William and Lucy (Wait) Leon-
ard. He was a member of Company G, Fifth Regiment Massachusetts
Volunteers. He came to Brattleboro in 1867; married, 1871, Flora,
daughter of Nelson \Y. Willard of West Dummerston. He died February
10, 1890, aged fifty-one.
S. M. Spenser, who for several years previous had engaged in manu-
facturing stencil dies and outfits, moved to Boston late in 1872, when the
business was continued by E. M. Douglas.
The First Gas House
The first gas house was built by Silas M. Waite shortly after the big
freshet of 1869. He charged $3.50 and $4.00 a thousand feet for gas,
and as there were but few patrons he was obliged to keep up the price.
In 1880 he sold his plant to George J. and Frank W. Brooks.
The Brattleboro Gaslight Company, a corporation organized in 1881
with Henry D. Holton, president, and Charles F. Thompson, treasurer,
bought the plant of the Brooks brothers. During the early eighties, the
Estey Organ Factory owned and operated a small gas plant for its own
use. The gas house stood near the top of the Birge Street hill west of
Whetstone Brook. This plant *was sold to the Brattleboro Gaslight Com-
pany in 1892. In 1896 the Gaslight Company built the electric light station
of the Twin State Company. For two years prior to the last date the
company operated a small electric plant in the Fletcher mill near the iron
bridge at the junction of Elliot and W^illiams Streets. It was in this small
plant that George Niles invented a dynamo which interested electricians
from other parts of the country ; representatives from the General Electric
Company came to Brattleboro and studied the machine. The inventor
was unable to so operate his machine as to keep the lights steady, but the
General Electric representatives offered, if Niles would tell them how he
wound his dynamo, to provide a steady light from the lamps ; this Niles
would not do and the machine, after it had been exhibited in Thorn's drug
store for several days, was not further perfected. The current furnished
by this plant was sold by contract ; there were only a few customers and the
company estimated what it would cost to light a certain number of lamps a
certain number of hours, and a contract was made upon such an estimate.
In 1901 the Gaslight Company began to acquire the Dummerston water
power, and two years later built and equipped the W^est Dummerston plant
at a cost of approximately $80,000. In 1905 negotiations were begim by
the Brattleboro Gaslight Company to sell their electric and gas plant to a
864
ANNALS OF BR.-\TTLEBORO
corporation organized for the purpose under the name of the Twin State
Gas & Electric Company. The sale was consummated in September,
1906, the purchaser taking the stock of the gas company at par and assum-
ing the liabilities of the gas company. The par value of the stock of the
Brattleboro Gaslight Company was $200,000.
( ILTIKKVILLK
The gas and electric development in this town, from its inception by
Silas M. Waite until the Twin State Company, in 1906, acquired the
plants, was the result of local capital almost exclusively. There were
only three nonresident stockholders and one of these was Theophilus
Hoit of Saxtons River, father-in-law to Doctor Henry D. Holton, a
heavy stockholder. Doctor Henry D. Holton served as president and
Charles F. Thompson was treasurer and manager.
INDUSTRIES 1865-1890 865
The Stanley Rule and Level Company moved to New Britain in 1870,
with about twenty mechanics.
Organ Reeds
About 1876 J. D. Whitney^ commenced a new set of machinery, with
which he began to make organ reeds in 1878, in Harmony Block.
July 1, 1879, he took his son, Edwin D. Whitney, into partnership,
under the firm name of J. D. Whitney & Son. They manufactured over
half a million organ reeds a year, which were almost entirely used by the
Wilcox & White Organ Company of Meriden, Connecticut.
Alvah Smith was a manufacturer in Guilford, 1863-1864, where the
son, S. A. Smith, began making baby carriages about 1867, the factory
being in Weatherhead Hollow although the business was maintained at
both places. It was moved to Algiers and enlarged, the firm being Ed-
wards & Smith.
The firm Smith (S. A.) & Hunt was formed in 1873. The business
outgrew additions and new buildings and in 1880 it was moved to Brat-
tleboro. The firm name was changed to S. A. Smith & Company in 1889,
when children's toys were manufactured ; S. A. Smith, F. L. Smith, C. A.
Smith, S. L. Hunt and F. L. Hunt were the five partners.
The Brattleboro Furniture Company on Flat Street had for directors:
F. W. Brooks, Jacob Estey, John Retting, Francis Goodhue, Frank W.
Harris ; clerk and treasurer, C. F. Thompson.
The E. p. Carpenter Organ Company
E. B. Carpenter of Guilford came to Brattleboro October 2, 1850, and
bought an half interest of Jones & Burdett, organ makers, taking the place
of Jones, the new firm being Burdett & Carpenter. In 1853 Burdett sold
to Jacob Estey and Carpenter to Isaac Hines.
After being connected with various organ companies throughout the
country, E. B. Carpenter located in Mendota, Illinois. His son, E. P.
Carpenter, inherited a capacity and liking for the business, located in
Worcester, and was largely known in the trade for many years. During
the winter of 1883-1884 he was induced to come to Brattleboro, where he
organized, in the spring of 1884, the E. P. Carpenter Organ Company, for
1 Josiah D. Whitney married Miss Lucy Day Chapin in 1842; she died in Brattle-
boro January 1, 1866, aged seventy-four. Children: Jennie L. ; Edwin D., married
April 27, 1881, Julia S., daughter of Simon Brooks ; born in 1857 ; died in 1911. Chil-
dren: Harold E., married Miss Marguerite S. Benedict; graduate of High School,
Amherst two years; admitted to Vermont bar, 1907; of firm Harvey & Whitney, 1918.
Edwina A., married in 1914, Doctor E. R. L>'nch ; Alice L., married John Leonard ;
Merrill Brooks, married March 6, 1918, Miss Jennie C. Lind.
866 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
the manufacture of organs and organ sections. W. E. Carpenter became
manager in 1894. In 1885 they made the "Grandissimo Organ."
Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Carpenter^ purchased the former residence of
Charles H. Crosby at the junction of Linden Street and Putney Road.
E. B. Carpenter died September 4, 1891, aged seventy-two. Mrs. Car-
penter died in January, 1920.
Corser & Hidden came froiri St. Albans and established a factory in
1890 for making overalls. Requiring more capital. Colonel Hooker was
taken into the firm in the course of a few months. At first only thirty
hands were employed, but almost steadily from the beginning the force
has been increased.
Mr. Hidden soon sold out to establish the Brattleboro Overall Com-
pany, and Mr. Mitchell was taken into the firm and the firm name was
Hooker, Corser & Mitchell. (Webster Clay Mitchell, who moved here
from Saxtons River in 1890, remained in the business ten years and sold
his interest in 1902. In 1907 he bought back into the business with Henry
R. Brown and W. H. Proctor, retiring in three years.) In 1905 there were
two hundred and eighty employees.
The business has been handled with courage, foresight and ability
which have brought it to the second place, in the number employed and
profits made, of all the industries .previously organized in Brattleboro.
The paper mill of 1811 was in active operation under the able manage-
ment of W. H. Vinton.
B.\NKS
The Brattleboro Savings Bank
The Brattleboro Savings Bank was chartered in November, 1870, and
commenced operations January 1, 1871. The first president was Colonel
John Hunt ; vice-president, B. D. Harris ; secretary and treasurer, Seth
N. Herrick; succeeding presidents have been Parley Starr, 1874-1875;
R. W. Clarke, 1876-1880; B. D. Harris, 1881-1890; E. L. Waterman,
1890-1906 ; F. K. Barrows, 1907 . Treasurers : S. N. Herrick ; C. W.
Wyman, 1879-1886 ; Charles A. Harris, from 1887. The bank was first
located where Donnell & Davis's millinery establishment now is ; in 1879
it was moved to the present building on Elliot Street.
» Children: Blanche, married October 16, 1894, Emil Pollak-Ottendorf of Vienna,
and of Peytonsville, Pittsylvania County, Virginia, born in 1863; Mildred Porter;
Ruth Welch.
THE PEOPLES NATIONAL BANK . 867
The Peoples National Bank
The Peoples National Bank was organized in 1875, with a capital of
$100,000. Parley Starr and Jacob Estey were primarily interested in its
formation. Mr. Starr was the first president; W. A. Faulkner was the
first cashier.
Business was begun on the second floor of Crosby Block; immediately
on the completion in 1880 of the Bank Block on the site of the old Revere
House, the bank was moved. Julius J. Estey succeeded to the presidency
in 1884. In 1886 Oscar A. Marshall became cashier; in May, 1893, on
the death of Mr. Marshall, W. H. Brackett was made cashier.
After the death of General Estey in 1902, O. L. Sherman was elected
president and held the office until his death, when Colonel J. Gray Estey
was elected president, and on the death of Mr. Brackett, July, 1916, John
R. Ryder became cashier.
CHAPTER LXXXIV
ORGANIZATIONS, PHILANTHROPIC AND SOCIAL
Organizations. Philanthropic and social — Freedman's Aid Association, 1867 — Wind-
ham County Suffrage Association, 1870 — Anti-Monopoly and Equal Taxation,
1874 — Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1877 — Brattleboro Liberal
Association, 1877 — Professional Club, 1879: presidents, subjects discussed —
Woman's Relief Corps, 1885 — Windham County Lodge of Free and Accepted
Anti-Masons, 1887 — Village Improvement Society, 1886 — Woman's Educational
and Industrial Union, 1889 — Natural History Society, 1888 — Associated Charities,
1892 — Home for the Aged and Disabled — Daughters of the American Revolution,
1893.
Temperance and Profanity — Brattleboro Temperance Society, 1866 — Good Samaritan
Society, 1870 — Sacred Pledge, 1875 — St. Michael's Temperance and Benevolent
Society — Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1877 — Juvenile Total Absti-
nence Society, 1880.
Young Men's Christian Association.
When the larger movement of the time reached Brattleboro it was in
the form of group enterprises, industrial, philanthropic and social, which
began to flourish in seemingly unlimited variety.
In 1866 Patrick A. Collins, afterwards mayor of Boston, came to Brat-
tleboro and organized a branch of the Fenian Brotherhood.
December 23, 1867, a -Freedman's Aid Association was organized:
Reverend F. Frothingham, president ; Miss Anna Higginson, secretary ;
Philip Wells, treasurer.
March 18, 1870, the Windham County Woman's Suffrage Association
was formed. President, Reverend Addison Brown; vice-president. Doc-
tor J. H. Stedman of West Brattleboro ; second vice-president, Hosea F.
Ballou of Wilmington ; secretary and treasurer, D. B. Stedman. There
was a large executive committee ; among the women were Mrs. Asenath
Francis, Mrs. Lydia Putnam, Miss Maria Person and Mrs. Mary Ann
Adams.
In May, 1870, one hundred and eighty women in the town of Brattle-
boro signed a petition to the Legislature asking for the ballot for women.
THE PROFESSIONAL CLUB 869
1874. Anti-Monopoly and Equal Taxation Society. Charles N. Daven-
port, Charles K. Field, W. H. Alexander. At an anti-exemption meeting,
John S. Cutting of West Brattleboro was nominated town representative.
The Brattleboro Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was
formed through the influence of Miss Ellen B. Goodhue, and was organ-
ized January 9, 1877, with the following: Doctor George F. Gale, presi-
dent ; twelve vice-presidents ; twenty directors. The secretary was Miss
Goodhue; the treasurer, Henry C. Willard; special agent, Warren E.
Eason. This society was the pioneer in the protection of animals in the
state of Vermont, and by the efforts of Miss Goodhue a law was passed
to this end. The daughter of Captain Carter, Mrs. Jennie B. (Carter)
Powers, was agent for many years of the Brattleboro Society for the Pre-
vention of Cruelty to Animals, and is now at Keene in the same capacity.
For her great courage, judgment and determination she has become known
as "the woman who dares."
The Brattleboro Liberal Association was formed in February, 1877, for
the purpose of the discussion of philosophical and religious subjects. The
membership was mainly made up of Spiritualists and Freethinkers. The
president was J. A. Stevens ; vice-presidents, L. M. Howe, G. B. Kirwan,
Edward Crosby, E. J. Carpenter; secretary, D. B. Stedman; treasurer,
E. F. Brooks.
The Professional Club
The Professional Club was organized in 1879 by the initiative of
Reverend Doctor George B. Gow, Reverend Doctor George E. Martin
and Reverend J. B. Green, then local clergj-men officiating in the Baptist,
Congregational and Unitarian Churches, respectively. The meetings were
first held in Wells Hall, later in the restaurant of E. L. Cooper, and still
later in the parlors of the Brooks House. From a modest beginning the
club grew in usefulness and interest until it included in its membership
the professional men in town, who assisted in its development and con-
tributed to its support.
Generally the club meetings were accompanied by a good supper, a
paper by some one of its several members following, with five-minute dis-
cussions pertaining to the subject. The membership of the club was open
to men of the liberal professions, and in cases where the line was not clear,
decided by vote on the individual application. The meetings brought out
some very able papers, full of research and thought, and were even
credited with having stimulated public sentiment and assisted in the un-
folding of many a useful scheme.
A paper by Reverend Doctor Gow on "Free Public Libraries" was
870 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
immediately followed by the establishing of the Brooks Free Library, its
donor, the late George J. Brooks, accepting Mr. Gow's suggestions as
reasonable conclusions why he should build and present to the town the
Brooks Free Library building. Again, a paper by Judge J. M. Tyler on
road building was followed by a successful move in town to establish
macadam roads.
One especially good paper, full of Vermont inventions and given by
Levi K. Fuller, was widely read and commented on.
The presidents of the club were men prominently identified with the
best interests of the town, including Reverend George B. Gow, Doctor
Joseph Draper, C. N. Davenport, Doctor Henry D. Holton, Reverend
Lewis Grout, Doctor O. R. Post, J. M. Tyler, Doctor J. W. Gregg, O. L.
French, Reverend F. J. Parry, Reverend Charles O. Day, Reverend F. L.
Phalen, Reverend J. H. Babbitt, C. H. Davenport, George A. Hines,
Doctor S. E. Lawton, Governor Levi K. Fuller, Reverend Fred E. Marble,
Reverend E. Q. S. Osgood, Professor H. K. Whitaker and Reverend
L. AL Keneston.
Among the subjects presented by the Professional Club have been :
The Spoils System, by Dorman B. Eaton; The Struggling Idea of Human
Society, Doctor George B. Gow; Freemasonry, J. N. Balestier; A Visit
to London, Reverend J. B. Green; The Newspaper as a Factor in Ameri-
can Education, O. L. French; A Plea for the Study of Nature, Reverend
E. W. Whitney ; Trial by Jury, E. W. Stoddard ; Some Phases of the
Chemistry of Common Life, Doctor Drew; The Origin of Language,
Reverend Lewis Grout ; The Secular Aspects of the Sabbath Question,
Reverend Charles H. Merrill ; Cultivated Perception, Doctor O. R. Post ;
Civil Service of the United States, James AL Tyler; The New England
Village as a Center of Influence, Reverend S. M. Crothers; How to Use
the Free Library, Reverend E. W. Whitney; The Influence of Mental
Incapacity in Rulers upon some of the Great Events of History, Doctor
Joseph Draper; The Expediency of a Natural Law Restricting Immigra-
tion, E. W. Stoddard; The Psychological Effects of Alcohol, Doctor
Shailer E. Lawton; What does Brattleboro most need? Doctor Henry
D. Holton; Intelligent Suffrage, Honorable James M. Tyler; The Last
of the Normans, Reverend Charles O. Day ; The Need of a Navy and
Army, Commander Allan D. Brown; Witchcraft, Reverend H. H. Shaw;
Republicanism in France, Reverend J. H. Babbitt ; Ireland's History and
Political Problems, Reverend F. J. Parry ; The Social Question, Reverend
F. L. Phalen; Alexander Hamilton, Judge George Shea; The Law of the
Land, Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler; A Second Term: A Temptation to Presi-
dents and a Peril' to the Country, Dorman B. Eaton; Some Formative
WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNION 871
Influences in American Life and Character, Doctor George Leon Walker;
Physical Basis of Superstition, Doctor Shailer E. Lawton; Vermont's
Undeveloped Resources, Honorable James M. Tyler ; Surnames, Doctor
James Conland ; Taxation, Honorable James L. Martin ; Our Age, our
Country, our Duty, Reverend A. H. Webb.
A Woman's Relief Corps was organized February 4-5, 1885. Mrs.
Minna G. Hooker was elected department president ; Mrs. A. L. Putnam,
treasurer; Mrs. L. W. Howe, secretary. The finance committee: Mrs.
A. E. Dowley, Mrs. L. J. Retting, Mrs. K. iM. Burchard. Delegate at
large to the National Encampment, Mrs. Harriet Leonard.
The Windham County Lodge of Free and Accepted Anti-Masons, June
9, 1887. General John W. Phelps, president ; Royal G. Wood, secretary.
A Village Improvement Society was organized in 1885. President,
N. I. Hawley; vice-presidents, Frederick Holbrook, Jacob Estey, George
J. Brooks, Edward Crosby, Reverend Charles O. Day, Reverend E. W.
Whitney, Reverend Samuel M. Crothers, George F. Gale, Dorman B.
Eaton, Henry D. Holton and other leading citizens ; treasurer, Malcolm
Moody ; secretary, Oscar A. Marshall ; corresponding secretary, O. L.
French ; executive committee, L. K. Fuller, R. Bradley, G. E. Crowell,
J. M. Tyler, G. W. Hooker, Francis Goodhue, C. H. Davenport, W. H.
Childs, E. L. Putnam, Mrs. B. D. Harris, Mrs. J. J. Estey, Mrs. Henry
Tucker, Mrs. J. H. Ryder, Mrs. C. E. Allen and Mrs. W. A. Faulkner.
The Women's Educational and Industrial Union
A preliminary meeting of women to consider a plan for a Woman's
Educational and Industrial Union in Brattleboro was held in the Meth-
odist Church June 6, 1888, when Miss Eliza C. Higginson of Brookline,
Massachusetts, gave an informal account of the workings and success of
the Boston Union. At the second meeting, June 13, the constitution of
the Boston Union was adopted.
At a third meeting, June 30, the following officers were elected : Mrs.
Mary C. Warder, president ; Mrs. George E. Crowell, first vice-president ;
Mrs. Royall Tyler, second vice-president ; Mrs. Joseph Draper, third
vice-president; Mrs. Julius J. Estey, fourth vice-p °sident; Mrs. E. P.
Carpenter, first director; Mrs. Edward Clark, secLxid director; Mrs.
Henry Devens, third director; Mrs. O. L. Miner, fourth director; Mrs.
Sara Chatfield, corresponding secretary; Miss Agnes D. Gale, recording
secretary ; Mrs. A. C. Davenport, treasurer.
On June 28, the following committees were appointed : finance : chair-
872 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
man, Mrs. Frank Wells, Mrs. H. M. Burchard, Mrs. F. N. Whitney;
social : Mrs. B. F. Bingham, Miss Katherine Miles, Mrs. C. M. C. Rich-
ardson; educational, moral and spiritual interests: Mrs. C. B. Rice, Miss
Clara Gale, Miss Mary E. Horton; printing: Mrs. Cora Leonard, Mrs.
Edwin Whitney.
Other committees were added on Home Avocation, Befriending, Food,
Art, Hygiene, Industries, Entertainment and Room. Cooking classes
were formed, teas were given and special sales at Christmas and other
festal seasons.
The Women's Educational and Industrial Union was given up in 1894
because of the failure to find a president to take the place of Mrs. Warder,
who resigned on account of ill health. Her initiative and devotion to the
Union and success in keeping together the various committees had been
the mainstay of the organization during the six years of its active life as a
valuable factor in the community.
The Natural History Society was organized by Professor William B.
Clark in the autumn of 1888 with Hoyt H. Wheeler, president; Joseph
Draper, J. M. Tyler and Reverend William H. Collins, vice-presidents ;
George Rugg, recording secretary; W. B. Clark, corresponding secretary;
George S.. Dowley, treasurer ; Doctor Henry D. Holton, Levi K. Fuller,
George L. Clary, L. M. Howe and Miss Janette Howe, executive com-
mittee.
The Associated Charities of the churches were started in 1892. They
were not intended to take the place of church charities, each society being
supposed to attend to its individual members to whom want or suffering
had come, but for the people who belong to no church, or who have drifted
into the town and had no time to form affiliations before being overtaken
by illness. To such as these the churches formerly lent a helping hand ;
but it was found that owing to want of cooperation these people would
sometimes have more than needed aid, sometimes far too little. The plan
decided on was to elect one representative each from the Baptist, Congre-
gational, Universalist, Methodist, Episcopal and Unitarian churches to
form a committee to care for such cases. Each church took up a contribu-
tion to form a small sum with which to carry on the work. The ladies
chosen on the committee were Mrs. George E. Crowell, Mrs. Frank Wells,
Mrs. G. W. Hooker, Mrs. E. W. Harlow, Mrs. G. F. Gale and Mrs. J. M.
Tyler. Mrs. Tyler was elected treasurer.
By the will of Kate Driscoll, who left the interest from her property
to be used for the poor of the town without distinction of sect, they
receive about forty dollars annually.
HOME FOR THE AGED AND DISABLED 873
Brattleboro Home for the Aged and Disabled
In 1892, owing to agitation for a home for disabled persons, C. F.
Thompson wrote an article for The Reformer on this need. September
19 a committee was appointed to draft a charter.
A gift of $5000 from Elisha D. Smith of Menasha, Wisconsin, a native
of Brattleboro, enabled the committee to purchase a house with land on
Western Avenue from the heirs of William H. Esterbrook.
A $3000 gift from Doctor and Mrs. J. H. Stedman ; $5000 from George
H. Newman of Boston; and $10,000 from Russell F. Lamb of St. Louis
made possible the conveniences of the present building, which was dedi-
cated December 29, 1897.
The first officers of the institution were: President, Doctor H. D. Hol-
ton; vice-president, B. D. Harris; treasurer, George S. Dowley; secretary,
A. C. Davenport; executive committee: H. D. Holton, A. C. Davenport
and James M. Tyler; finance committee: B. D. Harris, Richards Bradley;
admissions : George E. Crowell, Reverend J. H. Babbitt and F. W. Childs.
The Home contains twenty-five rooms for inmates, and five bathrooms ;
an elevator ; an infirmary containing four beds which, with other furnish-
ings, are the gift of the Brattleboro Branch Number 1 of the Interna-
tional Sunshine Society.
To become an inmate one must have attained the age of sixty years,
and preference is given to the inhabitants of Brattleboro. The terms,
fixed by the directors, vary according to the age of the applicant.
While taking advantage of the best features of institutional life in its
regularity, order and wise restraints, no residence for a similar purpose
could be more truly a home than has been the Brattleboro Home for the
Aged and Disabled, where physical comfort and care are combined with a
social freedom and variety that are unusual.
A large visiting committee has brought to those shut in by the infirmi-
ties of age whatever resources of entertainment are alTorded by the vil-
lage; churches and their choirs have contributed Sunday services;
birthday parties and Christmas trees have had their promoters.
The number of elderly people who look forward to the age at which
they can be eligible to this Home is a witness to its happy influence.
A Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution was organized
October 4, 1893, with the following officers : Regent, Mrs. Annie G. Cobb;
vice-regent, Mrs. Levi K. Fuller; treasurer, Mrs. Julius J. Estey ; secre-
tary. Miss Delia Sherman ; registrar. Miss Mary R. Cabot.
Mrs. F. W. Weeks was chairman of the executive board.
There were fourteen charter members.
874 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Temperance and Profanity
The Brattleboro Temperance Society was organized in 1866 and tem-
perance continued to be a subject of vital importance in Brattleboro in the
seventies.
In 1867 (January 3) the citizens of Brattleboro met at the Town Hall
to consider the subject of profanity and the way by which it could be
checked.
The Good Samaritan Society was organized July 8, 1870. Charles N.
Davenport, president; vice-presidents, Doctor George F. Gale, E. B.
Campbell, J. M. Tyler; secretary and treasurer, H. M. Currier. Doctor
C. P. Frost, B. F. Bingham, O. B. Douglas, Peleg Barrows and O. L.
Miner were the executive committee. Eight hundred people were present
at the meeting of this society December 1, 1870.
This society was very active for several years, but died a natural death
in 1875, and was followed by The Brattleboro Temperance Reform Club
in 1876, which organization established a reading room in Union Block,
opened September 6, 1876.
The Sacred Pledge Society was started by James Fisk October, 1875.
The Brattleboro House was a temperance hotel in 1875.
There was a St. Michael's Temperance and Benevolent Society (Ro-
man Catholic). President, D. N. Brosnahan.
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union became the permanent
temperance organization in 1877. The first officers were: President, Mrs.
George H. Clapp; vice-president, Mrs. A. V. Cox; secretary and treas-
urer, Mrs. D. P. Dearborn; committee of ways and means, Mrs. Charles
Van Doom, Mrs. C. P. Barrett, Mrs. J. A. Taylor, Mrs. M. H. Harris;
executive committee, Mrs. Ira Pierce, Mrs. E. Hastings, Mrs. Fred
Harris, Mrs. C. W. Wyman, Mrs. D. N. Tolles, Mrs. A. J. Stearns, Mrs.
George Fisher.
The constitution of the Juvenile Total Abstinence Society was adopted
December 4, 1880.
The Young Men's Christian Association
Only fragmentary reports of the Young Men's Christian Association
are available ; they point to the existence of some definite work under
that name before 1864, as a Woman's Auxiliary was formed in October
of that year and a Board of Managers chosen from each of the evangelical
churches.
June 5, 1867, there was a meeting called to organize the Young Men's
Christian Association. May 20, 1869, O. B. Douglas was elected president
and Reverend N. Mighill vice-president. April 16, 1883, General Julius
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 875
J. Estey was elected president and held that office until his death March
7, 1902, — A. W. Nichols and George H. Clapp, vice-presidents. Rooms
were opened in the Fisk Block. October 2, 1884, the Association moved
to the Hooker Block where a gymnasium was installed, the gift of
General Estey.
In 1886 there were two hundred and fifty members. In 1892 Edward
C. Crosby was chosen vice-president and held the position ten years.
George C. Wilson was secretary from 1893 to 1903.
In 1893 there were gymnasium classes, a reading room and parlors, a
library of three hundred and fifty volumes, and fifty papers and maga-
zines taken.
In 189-4 a Boys' Battalion was organized under the auspices of the
Association, Burton Austin, secretary. October 9, 1895, the Association
moved to Leonard Block. In 1902 Edward C. Crosby was elected presi-
dent, George L. Dunham, vice-president, Victor S. Reed, secretary. In
1906-1907 there was a total membership of two hundred and seventy-
seven, one hundred and forty-eight of that number being active members.
On September 9, 1907, activities were suspended and the rooms closed,
although the organization was retained, and it was voted to so modify the
test of active membership as to admit members of other than evangelical
churches at that time excluded by the Portland resolutions.
CHAPTER LXXXV
PROTECTIVE GRANGE— FARMERS' AND
MECHANICS' EXCHANGE
Protective Grange
On May 31, 1873, Protective Grange was organized by Eben Thompson
in the brick schoolhouse in West Brattleboro known as District Number
7, with twenty-three charter members. They were : Mr. and Mrs. H. K.
Chamberlain; Mr. and Mrs. T. P. Goodenough; Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Lis-
com; Mr. and Mrs. G. B. Taft; Mr. and Mrs. Dwight Goodenough; Mr.
and Mrs. E. R. Smith ; Mr. and Mrs. E. F. Reed ; Mr. and Mrs. L. M.
Fisher; E. S. Horton; Simon Brooks; T. W. Eason; D. M. Mather;
G. B. Horton; C. F. Esterbrooks and D. W. Newton.
H. K. Chamberlain was first master and held the position three years,
1873-1875, 1878; Charles W. Sargent, 1879-1883; J. P. Goodenough,
1881-1885; D. T. Perry, 1886-1888; Oscar T. Ware, 1891-1893; Carl S.
Hopkins, 1899-1900 ; A. W. Roel, 1902 ; H. W. Sargent, 1903-1906 ; Philip
Franklin, 1909-1910 and Mrs. Lucy Sargent, 1912.
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Exchange
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Exchange had its beginning in 1873,
when a number of citizens organized the "Sovereigns of Industry" and
opened a small store in the basement of O. A. Alvord's house on the
corner of Elm and Frost Streets. The business was continued in a small
way, the trade being large for its membership, which was limited, until
they moved to the Market Block on Elliot Street. In April, 1877, the
Grangers took hold of the business. It was reorganized under the name
of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Exchange and H. K. Chamberlain was
the manager for the first six months, until succeeded by E. W. Harlow,
to whose able management the Exchange owed in a large degree its stand-
ing. In November, 1882, the Exchange was incorporated by a special
act of the Legislature, and in December of the same year moved into
Leonard's Block on Elliot Street. There were twelve original Brattleboro
stockholders and an equal number from the neighboring towns.
WEST RIVER AT ENTRANCE INTO THE CONNECTICUT
.rffl
MOUNTAIN FROM WEST RIVER
;■" " •- w^'"' "■ ■•■'?5?^?3'"^;?''s"f?-'
LOG DRIVE
FARMERS' AND MECHANICS' EXCHANGE 877
The trade the first year, when the capital stock was but $555, amounted
to $7553, while the total for 1893 was $82,400, and the total trade for
seventeen years $815,119. The original members of the "Sovereigns' "
store were counted among the 'four hundred and sixty shareholders of
the Exchange, of which three hundred and seventy-five were residents of
Brattleboro, the others living in Guilford, Dummerston, Chesterfield and
other adjoining towns. In order to be a member of the Exchange and
share in its profits one must either be a member of the "Sovereigns of
Industry" or a member of the Grange. The shares were five dollars each
and no one member was permitted to hold more than $500 in stock. The
shareholders got six per cent interest on the amount of their stock, one
price was paid to everybody for the mutual profit of all, and at the end of
each year the profits were divided in dividends, pro rata, on the share-
holders' trade. The average dividend paid in seventeen years, on mem-
bers' trade, was eleven per cent, ranging from three to twenty per cent,
while the total amount paid in dividends and interest was $41,830.
CHAPTER LXXXVI
THE ESTEY GUARD— FULLER BATTERY
The Estey Guard
Julius J. Estey organized the Estey Guard in 1874 and was chosen
captain.
At the reorganization of the militia of the state of Vermont in 1871,
Company I was officered as follows: Captain, William M. E. Adams; first
lieutenant, Robert G. Hardie, Junior; second lieutenant, Herbert D. An-
drews; with commissions dated October 31 of that year. On September
10, 1872, Timothy W. Eason was elected first lieutenant vice Hardie, re-
signed ; Frank H. Holding, second lieutenant, vice Andrews removed
from the state. May 22, 1873, T. W. Eason was elected captain; F. H.
Holding, first lieutenant; Edwin C. Thorn, second lieutenant. May 30,
1874, on resignation of T. W. Eason, Julius J. Estey was elected captain ;
also, on the same date, by vote of the company the name "Estey Guard"
was given the organization, and by this title it has since been known. June
29, 1875, on resignation of F. H. Holding, Sergeant Fletcher K. Barrows
was elected first lieutenant. February 17, 1876, on resignation of E. C.
Thorn, Fredk. W. Childs was elected second lieutenant. February 2, 1878,
on resignation of F. K. Barrows, Sergeant George H. Bond was elected
first lieutenant.
July 18, 1881, upon the promotion of J. J. Estey to lieutenant-colonel,
G. H. Bond was elected captain; Fredk. W. Childs, first lieutenant ; Collins
R. Stevens, second lieutenant. July 7, 1886, on resignation of C. R.
Stevens, Moses B. Savory was elected second lieutenant. January 4, 1887,
upon promotion of G. H. Bond to major, Fredk. W. Childs was elected
captain; Moses B. Savory, first lieutenant, Thomas A. Austin, second lieu-
tenant. March 12, 1889, on resignation of Moses B. Savory, Thos. A.
Austin was elected first lieutenant ; George E. Ober, second lieutenant.
August 12, 1890, on resignation of Geo. E. Ober, J. Gray Estey was elected
second lieutenant. December 12, 1892, on resignation of Fredk. W.
Childs, J. G. Estey was elected captain; William T. Haigh, second lieu-
tenant. January 3, 1893, on resignation of Thos. A. Austin, W. T. Haigh
was elected first lieutenant ; Charles F. Bingham, second lieutenant. Feb-
FULLER BATTERY 879
ruary 9, 189S, on promotion of J. G. Estey to major and W. T. Haigh to
captain, J. Harry Estey was elected first lieutenant; Frank B. Putnam,
second lieutenant.
Company I has always been noted for its efficiency in military tactics
and for gentlemanly deportment. It has taken part in many public celebra-
tions, among them the Fourth of July celebration at Philadelphia, 1876 ;
Yorktown, June, 1881 ; the Battle of Bennington Centennial, August, 1877,
and the Dedication of the Monument, August, 1887 ; the Centennial of
Washington's Inauguration at New York, April, 1 889, and President Mc-
Kinley's Inauguration at Washington, March, 1897.
Company I enlisted in the Spanish War, for two years, or during the
war. They left Brattleboro May 6, 1898, were mustered into service at
Burlington May 16, and left for the South May 21. After the cessation of
hostilities, they arrived at Camp Olympia, Burlington, August 21.
Fuller B.vttery
"The Fuller Battery Light Artillery" was organized September- 24,
1874. Their first public parade was on November 7. In 1875 there were
seventy-five men and four' guns; the Fuller Drum Corps was a feature
of its development. Levi K. Fuller equipped and supported it for two
years, when it was turned over to the state, continuing until 1899.
In addition to the street parades, exhibition drills and June trainings,
there was annually, for many years, a Guard and Battery Military Ball.
The Estey Guard Dramatic Club and Estey Guard Glee Club were also
active, and contributed much to the social life of the town, as well as to
that of the members of these organizations.
Both organizations represented splendid types of young manhood, re-
flecting the ideals of their honorable commanders, who spared neither
means, expense, time nor personal effort in perfecting their patriotic
spirit and military efficiency. The fact that their efforts were eminently
successful was repeatedly shown in frequent selection of the companies
for official escort and other important military service.
Not until the state troops were reorganized — about the time of the
Spanish-American War — did the several companies throughout the state
drop the names of their original commanders, substituting letters for iden-
tification. Captain Julius J. Estey retired with the commission of General ;
Captain Bond, with that of Colonel ; Captain Childs. with a Major's com-
mission; while Captain Fuller was elected Governor of the state and, as
such, became Commander-in-Chief of its military forces.
CHAPTER LXXXVII
MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS
Musical Organizations. Brattleboro Orchestra — Choral Union — First Regiment
Band — Philharmonic Society.
The Brattleboro Orchestra
First violin, E. B. Marble, Ambrose Knapp, Chauncey Knapp.
Second violin, F. T. Shearer, O. F. Bailey, S. Arthur Woodbury.
Viola, F. L. Burnett, C. L. Brigham.
Violoncello, David Abbott, Fred Brasor.
Contrabass, James Hancock.
The Choral Union
In the year 1870 the persons actively interested in musical matters in
Brattleboro were Governor Frederick Holbrook, who led the choir in the
Congregational Church; Colonel N. C. Sawyer, leader of the choir in the
Episcopal Church; H. K. White, leader of the Baptist choir; C. L. Howe,
for many years a leading tenor singer ; Miss Mary Sprague, soprano, Mrs.
Henry Burnham, Mrs. Sawyer, G. Myron Taylor, a bass singer. Colonel
Francis Goodhue and others.
March 3, 1871, the Brattleboro Musical Society was formed, of between
eighty and one hundred singers under the leadership of Professor L. O.
Emerson, and he held a musical convention in Brattleboro which was an
event of some importance.
In the early seventies Mr. Taylor and Mr. L. W^ Hawley, a budding
conductor, aspired to ptitting upon the boards in the Town Hall George
F. Root's cantata "The Haymakers," which was a success musically and
financially, netting a few hundred dollars which were invested in a fine
piano, thus giving promise of a permanent instead of spasmodic interest
in things musical. This was followed by "Esther, the Beautiful Queen,"
which, like its predecessor, was acted and well staged as well as sung, and
drew a very generous patronage.
The next season "Ruth, the Moabitess," was given with most liberal
support. Under the same leadership more pretentious works were given.
MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS 881
and in 1874 the Brattleboro Choral Union was formed. "The Holy City,"
by A. R. Gaul was sung, and in subsequent years, "Stabat Mater," by Ros-
sini, "Hymn of Praise" and "Elijah," by Mendelssohn, and miscellaneous
opera choruses.
In March, 1887, an association was formed for the express purpose of
projecting a musical festival. This festival was held in May, 1887, under
the direction of S. Brenton Whitney, for many years organist of the
Church of the Advent, Boston, and who conducted choir festivals in New
England, for the improvement of singing, especially in Episcopal churches.
A chorus of two hundred voices was gathered from Brattleboro and the
surrounding towns for a three days' festival. The soloists were Mrs. E.
Humphrey Allen, soprano ; Miss Hattie McLain, contralto ; J. C. Bartlett,
tenor, and Jacob Benzing, bass. The Lotus Glee Club, of fragrant mem-
ory, were in attendance throughout the whole period, Misses Belle Clark
(Mrs. John L. Knowlton) and Izetta Stewart were the accompanists.
With so much favor were these efiforts met that another festival was
held in June, 1888, under the superb leadership of Professor H. R. Palmer,
a composer of note. The soloists were Miss Ella Earle (later Mrs. Toedt)
of New York, Miss McLain, contralto ; George J. Parker, tenor, and Wil-
liam L. Whitney, bass, and again the popular Lotus Club with Miss Clark
and Miss Stewart for accompanists, and a chorus of surprising size and
ability.
After quite a long interval, a fresh interest was created in 1904, result-
ing in the first concert under the leadership of Mr. Nelson P. Coffin,
February 10, 1904, with Mrs. Grace Bonner W^illiam, soprano, and Mr.
Edwin H. Miller, bass, as soloists, Miss Izetta Stewart and Miss Lula
Cressy, accompanists.
Mr. Coffin's leadership was continued for two or three years with never
failing success, but the town of Brattleboro never quite rose to the proper
financial support and the singers finally abandoned their efforts, although
Brattleboro was then rich in musical talent and might easily have proved
a rival to her neighboring city of Keene, which town with Worcester and
Fitchburg have held Musical Festivals under his direction.
The first entertainment in Brattleboro's Auditorium was an Old Folks'
Concert, which was given with perfection of costume and musical detail,
and was a success.
A Cornet Band was organized here in 1873. Charles L. Newman was
leader, followed by George W. Clark. The nineteen members were all
mechanics, met twice a week, and had new and handsome uniforms ; Ira
Burnett was leader in 1875. It was reorganized in 1878-1879 under Fred
W. Leitsinger as leader.
■883 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
The First Regiment Band
In the Centennial year, inspired by martial sounds, a few of the boys
who could drum, organized the Brattleboro Cornet Band. The member-
ship was limited to fifteen, and made up of the following members: F. C.
Leitsinger, leader ; A. D. Wyatt, secretary and treasurer ; J. R. Rand, C. K.
Jones, W. D. Miller, J. A. Lindsey, F. Williams, W. Stuart, Ed. Leitsinger,
F. Veet, F. H. Brasor, W. W. Putnam, A. E. Knight, J. C. Timson, F.
Knight. The early rehearsals were held in Lewis Putnam's barn on
Cemetery Hill. In April of the next year they reorganized and the follow-
ing new men joined: G. H. Clapp, G. T. Lundberg, O. W. Bartlett, James
Jones, Harry Rowe, Ben Perry, A. B. Hastings, E. M. Applin, drum
major, F. W. Bridges, C. A. Wheeler, Abe Stewart, E. Wales, Junior,
C. M. Cobb, Frank Houghton, A. Wright, Conrad Schneider, Arthur
Wheeler. About this time X. I. Hawley and Henry Willard were elected
honorary members, and later J. J. Estey, L. K. Fuller, F. Goodhue and
Colonel Hooker. These honorary members filled a very important posi-
tion in the early history of the band, as they were paying instead of play-
ing members.
The band played at musters many years. When it played at the first
muster the band was made up as follows : Fred C. Leitsinger, leader, G. H.
Clapp, A. D. Wyatt, E. F. Leitsinger, Bert Leitsinger, S. W. Knight,
Walter E. Sturges, Ben Perry, F. T. Shearer, C. F. Nichols, Harry Rowe,
C. L. Higgins, Abe Stewart, W. H. Smith, A. G. Wheeler, E. L. Hicks,
J. A. Jones, Luther H. Barber, B. F. Hoyt, E. M. Applin (drum major).
In 1883 the band was engaged to play at St. Johnsbury for the First
National Guard muster, and changed the name to the First Regiment
Band, by which name they have since been known. They served with the
National Guard for seven years, were at the laying of the corner stone
of the battle monument at Bennington, and assisted in the dedication.
They also played for three years at the White Mountains for the big
coaching parade.
This band has ranked as one of the leading bands of New England, and
their success has been due to F. C. Leitsinger, bandmaster.
From 1881 Band Concerts have been given weekly on Main Street or
on the Common to an increasing number of people of all classes. The
Band has been supported by voluntary contributions and by proceeds from
amateur entertainments.
A Philharmonic Society was formed November 16, 1883. In 1886 the
following officers were : President, Levi K. Fuller ; vice-president, George
W. Hooker; .treasurer, D. A. Abbott; secretary, C. F. Jenne; executive
MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS 883
committee : C. A. Miles, E. F. Brooks, J. F. Barney, G. Dowley. This
orchestra was composed of sixteen instruments and from, the orchestra
was formed a Philharmonic Quartet.
CHAPTER LXXXVIII
BRATTLEBORO CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS
Brattleboro Clubs. Forest and Stream, 187S — Brattleboro Bicycle Club — Vermont
Wheel Club, 1885 — Windham County Park Association — New England and Ver-
mont State Fair of 1866 — Valley Fair Association, 1886 — Valley Fair parade of
1894— Board of Trade, 1887— Order of Red Men, 1888— New England Trout and
Salmon Club, 1889.
The Forest and Stream Club was organized in April, 1875. Doctor
George F. Gale, president; Richards Bradley, vice-president; S. M. Waite,
secretary and treasurer. The executive committee : Doctor Gale, Richards
Bradley, S. M. Waite, Warren E. Eason and F. W. Hines.
The Brattleboro Bicycle Club was organized May 1, 1880. Oscar A.
Marshall, president; W. S. Underwood, captain; E. G. Monroe, lieuten-
ant; A. W. Childs, secretary and treasurer.
The Vermont Wheel Club
The Vermont Wheel Club had its origin in the old Brattleboro Cycle
Club that had quarters in Crosby Block, and the Taurus Club, a social
organization of young men that maintained clubrooms about three years
in Market Block, and was organized November 10, 18S5.
The following were charter members : F. H. Allen, E. H. Atherton,
A. W. Childs, C. R. Crosby, J. W. Drown, C. W. Dunham, H. L. Emer-
son, W. E. Gordon, F. H. Houghton, S. W. Kirkland, T. W. Kirkland,
O. R. Leonard, O. A. Marshall, E. R. Pratt, W. H. Proctor, F. T. Reid,
F. L. Shaw, Leslie Scott and George E. Fox.
The clubrooms were in Market Block from November, 1885, to July
29, 1895, when attractive quarters in the Grange building were opened.
The merribership at first was limited to fifty. Not all of the original
members were wheelmen, for the constitution was so devised that any
young man of good character and standing could become a member on
paying an admission fee of five dollars. A uniform was adopted, the pro-
curement of which was optional to the members, November, 1886. Appli-
cants to be eligible to membership must be at least eighteen years of age.
THE VERMONT WHEEL CLUB 885
The first president was Harry L. Emerson, 1885-188G ; F. L. Shaw,
vice-president; F. T. Reid, captain; C. R. Crosby, lieutenant; W. E.
Gordon, color bearer; and the club committee included O. R. Leonard,
S. W. Kirkland and F. H. Houghton.
Other presidents of the club were: O. A. Marshall, 1886-1889; S. W.
Kirkland, 1889-1890; G. E. Fox, 1890; F. W. Reed, 1890-1891; Martin
Austin, 1891; E. D. Whitney, 1891-1892; L L. Dickinson, 1892-1893;
E. D. Whitney, 1893-1897; W. H. Erackett, 1897-1899; C. R. Crosby,
1899-1900; C. A. Harris, 1900-1902; G. F. Barber, 1902-1903; George E.
Foster, 1903-190-4; Charles H. Pratt, 1904-1906; M. J. Moran, 1906-1907;
Charles O. Robbins, 1907-1908 ; William A. Shumway, 1908-1909 ; Frank
B. Putnam, 1909-1910; Frederick A. Thompson, 1910-1911 ; Doctor F. R.
Newell, 1911-1912; Doctor A. L. Pettee, 1912-1913; O. F. Benson, 1913-
1917; A. D. Wyatt, 1917-1919; E. J. Fenton, 1919-1920; W. H. Richard-
son, 1920 .
The offices of secretary and treasurer were at first filled by one person,
J. W. Drown, one of the principal movers for the club's formation, he
being the incumbent in 1885-1886, and Leslie Scott from 1886 to 1895.
The secretaries and their terms have been as follows: Martin Austin,
1895-1898; C. F. Bingham, 1898-1902; A. H. Pettee, 1902-1904; John C.
DeWitt, 1904-1907; L. Guy Tasker, 1907-1912; Fred W. Hall, 1912-1913;
W. A. Shumway, 1913 to date. C. W. Richardson was treasurer from
1904 to 1913, and was followed by Lawrence K. Barber.
The Vermont Wheel Club has always been more or less actively con-
nected with the social life of Brattleboro. In the winters of 1886, 1887,
1888 and 1889 a series of balls was given. Dramatically the club's early
triumphs were on two occasions, March 6, 1896, when the Vermont Wheel
Club minstrels held sway at the Auditorium, and June 3, 4 and 5, 1897,
when the extravaganza "Zephra" was given under the auspices of the club.
The banquets of the club have always been occasions of good fellowship,
particularly that following the election of 1888, furnished by the Demo-
cratic members, and the return compliment by the Republicans in 1892.
Aside from the tournaments of the old Brattleboro Cycle Club in 1884
and 1885, the Vermont Wheel Club has held five race meets. Those of
1886 and 1887 were participated in mainly by local riders, and in the latter
prizes were exceeded in value only by those of Hartford and Cleveland.
, In August, 1890, an extremely successful meet was held, the prizes aggre-
gating $600 ; on this occasion F. H. Allen of Springfield, Massachusetts,
lowered the track record to 2.16%. The tournament of 1895 outshone its
predecessor; "Eddie" Bald wheeled an exhibition half in 58%; Nat
Butler circled the track twice in the record time of 2.04, and C. R. Newton
made a mile in competition in 2.1iy^. The last meet was held in August,
m ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
1896, and was highly successful although no record performances took
place.
In the days of high wheel racing the Vermont Wheel Club was repre-
sented by riders who won the bulk of the prizes at the local meets. S. W.
Kirkland won the half-mile state championship in 1886, and at Mont-
pelier the following year he won the three-mile state championship. C. R.
Crosby won the half-mile state championship in 1887 and several other
races. Formerly the club held runs at intervals throughout each summer,
but after enthusiasm for the bicycle disappeared these were no longer
fixtures and the offices of captain and lieutenant were dropped from the
list.
The Windham County Park Association was formed in 1866 with
Charles Chapin, chairman; C. F. Thompson, S. M. Waite, T. Vinton and
David Goodell were a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws.
The thoroughbred horse was a lively interest with gentlemen of sporting
instinct from the time of John R. Blake and Epaphro Seymour to George
C. Hall ; large sums of money were exchanged in their purchase and
sale, and auctions were attended by rich men from distant cities ; a train-
load of these men came from New York to one of the auctions. A very
valuable horse was sent across the sea by Major J. J. Crandall to one of
the ducal sports of England.
Mr. Hall and Mr. Richards Bradley were interested in breeding horses
for racing purposes. That racing was under the control of men of charac-
ter brought to the Fair representative men of New England from every
walk in life.
Items from the daily newspaper concerning the New England and Ver-
mont-State Fair held in Brattleboro September 4, 5, 6, 1866.
That "10,000 persons saw the trotting. One of the show horses was the
celebrated Morgan stallion, Ethan Allen, and the paper says : 'The im-
mense crowd complimented the old veterans with three rousing cheers.' "
That "the drivers of the horses fooled away more than half an hour
in attempting to start for the first heat, until the patience of even the
Judges was worn out, when the horses got a standing start."
An abstract of the address of Doctor George B. Loring of Salem,
Massachusetts, president of the New England Agricultural Society, is
given, also mention of the exhibits in Mechanics' Hall, the poultry, swine
and sheep. Among the plows mentioned are some which are the result
of long and patient investigation on the part of ex-Governor Holbrook of
Brattleboro. Colonel F. F. Holbrook, son of the Governor, is agent for
these superior plows at Boston, Massachusetts. The list of exhibitors
DECORATED FOR VALLEY FAIR
FAIR GROUNDS
VIEWS AT THE FAIR
THE VALLEY FAIR ASSOCIATION 887
of live stock contains names of prominent men from various towns in this
section.
In the evening at eight o'clock there was an address on the tariff, by
Senator Justin S. Morrill of Vermont. Other paragraphs mention some
of the prominent men present or expected : Honorables Luke E. Poland,
Justin S. Morrill and Frederick E. Woodbridge, Mr. Poland as the guest
of Captain R. W. Clarke, and Messrs. Morrill and Woodbridge as guests
of B. D. Harris, at the Wesselhoeft; Trenor W. Park, Esquire, of Ben-
nington, one of the wealthiest men in the state, and Reverend William
Ford of Brandon, the poet preacher and horticulturist ; Senator Ed-
munds, also a guest of B. D. Harris, and Honorable John W. Stewart of
Middlebury.
"The Governors of the New England States — Governor Bullock of Mas-
sachusetts, with staff. General Burnsides, Governor of Rhode Island, Gen-
eral Hawley, Governor of Connecticut, Governor Cony of Maine, Governor
Smyth of New Hampshire and Governor Dillingham of Vermont, will
arrive today."
One of the attractions of the fair were the Siamese twins, Chang and
Eng, and their children, and they are pictured by a woodcut.
The Valley Fair Association
The Valley Fair Association, having been incorporated under the laws
of the state of Vermont in 1886, with a capital stock of $10,000, taken
largely by the residents of Brattleboro and near-by Connecticut Valley
towns, the first fair held in Brattleboro since the state fair of 1867 was
on October 13, 1886.
The officers of the Association were: Colonel George W. Hooker,
president; Fred M. Waite, vice-president; General Julius J. Estey, treais-
urer. These men held their offices until their deaths in 1902. C. W.
Sargent was secretary.
The average number of visitors has been twenty-five thousand.
The capital stock paid for the site of the fair on the old camp ground
and for part of the buildings. From year to year new buildings have been
added. Without financial help from the state, the Association has been
free from debt, while these annual festivals have been the chief agricul-
tural attraction within the state. The board of directors has included
men of prominence from nearly all sections of New England.
There has been a steady improvement in all the departments, in horses,
cattle, dairy products, sheep, swine, poultry and agricultural products.
Each year the exhibits of grain, fruit and vegetables have been larger and
better, until the Agricultural hall has become a show by itself. The farmer
888 ' ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
is taught how to save labor and time by practical exhibitions of farm
machinery. Floral hall is given up to domestic products, useful and
ornamental. A school exhibit has been a recent feature of the fair. For
some years the kennel exhibit was conducted under American Kennel
Club rules. The amusements, athletic, vaudeville and musical, have been
greatly varied from year to year. The management has offered substan-
tial inducement for horse races, and the track record has been lowered
continually by some of the best horses in New England.
Thus the object of the Association, the stimulation of the farmer and
farming community, has been attained to a remarkable degree.
A troop of United States Cavalry from Fort Ethan Allen gave drills
for some years.
For many years the parade through the main streets of the town, of
decorated coaches and carts, was one of the attractive features. A de-
scription of the parade of 1894 from The Phcenix is as follows:
At the first gleam of light the townspeople were astir in busy prepara-
tion for the last and biggest day of the fair. Even before seven o'clock
the highways leading in every direction were choked with vehicles of
almost every kind and description, all coming to the fair, and when, just
before ten o'clock, sixty-one gaudily decorated bicycles with handsomely
costumed riders of both sexes swung out from Walnut Street and headed
the great procession of horsemen with the Estey Guard, escorting Gov-
ernor Fuller and staff, and followed by scores of beautiful carts, carriages
and floats, all the handiwork of the young women of the town, there was
a mass of cheering people lining both sides of Main Street and reaching
almost the entire length of the route of parade to the fairgrounds. The
Brattleboro Military Band set the pace for the parade, which was from
the Common through North Main to Main Street, thence through Canal to
the grounds, where there was a great throng to applaud the procession
as it passed around the race track. A new and novel feature of the parade
was the presence of one hundred business men and mechanics marching in
columns of fours and each bearing a twelve-foot stalk of corn, to which
was attached a corn-colored streamer, while the men wore a badge of the
same color on their lapels. They marched with precision to the music of
a drum corps. At the head of the line were Mr. and Mrs. William Rich-
ardson in a quaint chaise, while in the center Farmer Mixer and his wife,
in ancient costume, rode in a four-wheeled vehicle trimmed with pump-
kins, corn and other farm produce, including a basket of large eggs, which
hung from the axle. It was a taking feature of the parade, and was re-
ceived with much enthusiasm.
The Brooks House tallyho was a charming representation, and the
CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS 889
eflfect of its decorations of laurel, from wliich peeped the faces of several
well-known guests of the house, was extremely good. C. A. Richardson
of Brooklyn handled the reins. The boat float of the High School class
of 1895, in green and white, with eight horses, was attractive, as was the
tallyho of Miss Sawyer's North Street School. One of the prettiest carts
in the parade was that representing music, draped in white with silver
ornaments, on which a bevy of young women in white, grouped about a
huge harp, held silver horns. Another no less striking was a canopied
cart with trimmings of popcorn. The procession moved in the following
order: The Wheel Club with decorated bicycles; marshal and aids; Brat-
tleboro Military Band ; Estey Guard in white trousers ; Governor Fuller
with staff, mounted; cavalcade; Mrs. Colonel Hooker, two-horse carriage
trimmed in white and lilac; and carts driven by the young ladies of the
town.
The Brattleboro Board of Trade
The Brattleboro Board of Trade was organized February 10, 1887.
James M. Tyler was president; George W. Hooker, vice-president;
George C. Averill, secretary and treasurer. Executive committee : George
E. Crowell, Julius J. Estey, O. L. Miner, A. V. Cox, I. B. Taft, D. Good-
enough, O. D. Esterbrook, T. J. B. Cudworth, N. I. Hawley.
It was reorganized in 1906, Charles O. Robbins, president. Denison
Cowles was president, 1909 ; Major C. Houghton, 1911 ; George L. Dun-
ham, 1914 ; Horton D. Walker, 1915 ; W. L. Hunt, 1917 ; Arthur Roberts,
1919.
The Improved Order of Red Men
In 1888 there was organized in Brattleboro a tribe of the Improved
Order of Red Men in the state of Vermont, Quonekticut Tribe, Number
2, who number two hundred and fifty-eight (1917).
The first council fire of Quonekticut Tribe, according to the official
records, "was kindled in Grand Army Hall by Past Great Sachem William
Scampton and O. D. Robertson, chief of records pro tem, from the reser-
vation of Massachusetts, on the eighth run of the Setting Sun April 20,
1888," when the Adoption degree was conferred on thirty-two palefaces
by Ascutney Tribe, Number 1, of Bellows Falls.
There were thirty-three charter members, as follows : Joseph G. Taylor,
F. G. Pettee, M. L. Harris, H. C. Pettee, L. D. Mitchell, George De-
Putran, Fred Cressy, L. H. Fales, C. M. C. Richardson, John Retting,
Junior, W. S. Moore, C. R. Crosby, C. A. Miles, H. R. Lawrence, F. H.
Whitney, J. E. Mellen, G. I. Bishop, C. S. Stockwell, I. K. Allen, F. M.
Waite, W. H. Childs, Ira F. Burnett, F. B. Gleason, George S. Pratt,
890 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
A. L. Pettee, F. C. Gale, H. G. E. Pratt, B. L. Sargent, J. C. Howe, C. C.
Tyler, J. G. Cook, E. S. Bowen and F. J. Lewis.
Colonel Charles A. Miles, the first sachem of the tribe, served in that
office for thirteen consecutive years. H. R. Lawrence served as chief
of records for ten years.
The tribe has paid in sick and death benefits nearly $5000 during its
existence.
1889. New England Trout and Salmon Club. Marlboro South Pond.
George W. Hooker, president; Levi K. Fuller, vice-president; C. H.
Pratt, secretary ; W. S. Moore, treasurer. F. J. Holman, P. F. Amidon,
H. R. Lawrence, George S. Dowley and five others, trustees.
CHAPTER LXXXIX
THE BRICK CHURCH IN WEST BRATTLEBORO
Brick Church in West Brattleboro — Purchased from Universalists by Estey &
Company— Clergy— Salvation Army, 1885 — Swedish Lutheran Church, 1894 —
Advent Church, 1896.
One day in the spring of 1872, Deacon Jacob Estey and his son-in-law,
Levi K. Fuller, were riding past the Brick Meeting-House in West Brat-
tleboro, built for the Universalist Society, and noticed upon the door a
sign, "For Sale." Upon talking over the matter it was thought best to
buy it, and these brethren, with Julius J. Estey, comprising the firm of
Estey & Company, purchased and repaired the house. On July 14, 1872,
at two o'clock the house was opened for religious services. A very large
audience gathered and listened to the dedication sermon by Reverend
L. J. Matteson, pastor of the First Baptist Church of Brattleboro. Levi
K. Fuller also spoke and Deacon Estey gave an account of the origin and
purchase of the house. He was followed by several other brethren. Doc-
tor O. R. Post, George E. Higley, L. W. Hawley and Julius J. Estey, with
words of cheer, bidding the work Godspeed and assuring the friends of
hearty cooperation. At the close a Sunday school was formed of sixty-one
members, L. K. Fuller being chosen superintendent and Stanford Miller
assistant. A prayer meeting was established on Wednesday evenings. In
December a series of meetings, continuing about four weeks, was held by
Reverend H. G. DeWitt, an evangelist from New York State, with excel-
lent results.
The congregation having increased and being desirous that regular
preaching should be maintained, the people subscribed a substantial sum
toward it and the balance was guaranteed by individuals from the Brat-
tleboro church for one year to support this mission. In April, 1873,
Reverend Charles A. Votey of Phelps, New York, began his labors as
pastor. Mrs. Votey, in a letter, gives a picture of their first arrival at
the church to hold a service. There were no street lights, no chapel and
no furnace. The church was lighted with kerosene and heated by two
smoky wood stoves. The pews were of the old high-backed style, and the
pulpit was a large, square one with a great window behind it.
892 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In 1874 it was decided to organize a church, and on the fourteenth day
of April a httle band of Christians, numbering nineteen persons, joined
themselves together. The first covenant meeting was held Thursday,
April 30. Shortly afterwards an ecclesiastical council was convened to
recognize the new church and extend the fellowship of the churches repre-
sented. The ministers from the towns around came in to assist. Rev-
erend Mark Carpenter from Townshend preached the sermon, and told
them of the Brattleboro that was to be, of the horse cars that would run
to and from the East Village, and how important it was that West Brat-
tleboro should have a strong Baptist Church.
Some good men have ministered to its welfare as regular pastors : Rev-
erend Charles A. Votey, 1873-1879; Reverend H. S. Davis, 1879-1880;
Reverend Samuel A. Read supplied for eight months until July ; he died
in 1910; Reverend Charles R. Powers, 1881-1885; Reverend Albert D.
Spaulding, 1886-1889; Reverend F. S. Smith, 1889-1898; Reverend
Newell A. Wood, 1899-1905 ; Reverend J. A. Mitchell, 1905-1907 ; Rever-
end Alhson M. Watts, 1907-1909; Reverend E. S. Harrison, 1910-1913;
Reverend I. M. Compton, 1913 .
.The Salvation Army
The Salvation Army was incorporated Ntivember, 1885, by Captain
Drealand.
The Advent Church
The Advent Church was organized in 1889. For several years the
society worshiped in the lower Town Hall, and later in the Esteyville
schoolhouse. In May, 1896, a chapel was finished and dedicated in the
growing part of Esteyville.
A Swedish Lutheran Church
A Swedish Lutheran Church was completed in 1894, in a locality where
Swedish families had gathered for some years, since known as Swedeville.
CHAPTER XC
THE REFORMER
The Reformer. Charles N. Davenport — Charles H. Davenport — E. H. Crane. The
Vermont Printing Company — Brattleboro Daily Reformer.
In the summer of 1876 The Reformer was started, as a temporary
campaign sheet, its name coming from the slogan of the candidate it was
designed to serve — "Tilden and Reform." Charles N. Davenport, a bril-
liant lawyer and one of the leading Democrats of the state, was the
founder. He edited the sheet during that busy fall, while De Witt Leon-
ard printed it for him. After the excitement and commotion over the
famous Tilden-Hayes contested election had died down, Mr. Davenport
was intending to let The Reformer die a natural death, but just at this
time his son, Charles H., left Amherst College in his Junior year, and his
father decided to continue the paper. A company was formed and Charles
H. Davenport was put in as editor, with T. P. James as assistant. Mr.
James's connection with the paper was short, as his connection with any
permanent job was short! At one time Davenport issued a state edition of
The Reformer as well as a county edition. The state edition was called
The Brattleboro Reformer and contained news from the towns through-
out the state, while the county edition was called The Windham County
Reformer. He also published a Greenfield edition of the paper and a
Bennington edition.
Charles H. Davenport was fearless as an editor and a very ardent
Democrat. Naturally, while supporting the Democratic cause, he had
many violent clashes with the local Phccnix, which was as staunchly Re-
publican as The Reformer was Democratic. For some months there was
a spirited controversy between Davenport and the editor of The Sifter
in South Londonderry, who called himself "Sifter John." He was as
fearless as Davenport, and did not hesitate to attack personalities if he saw
an opportunity ; and he saw many, not only in Davenport, but among other
prominent Brattleboro business men and politicians. During the course
of this controversy, Brattleboro capital purchased the building in which
The Sifter was printed. "Sifter John" was summarily turned out into
the street, but this did not deter him from printing his paper. The forms
894 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
were set up and brought down the West River to Brattleboro and printed
by D. Leonard for some weeks. The affair resulted in the arrest of
"Shanks,"^ though the case was never brought to trial ; and "Shanks," once
released, was able to reestablish his business in South Londonderry and
to continue his attacks unmolested.
The personal traits of Davenport were evident in his business. He was
a man of fine physique, tall, with broad shoulders, but he paid little atten-
tion to his personal appearance. In his office there was no sort of system ;
papers and supplies were strewn about in dusty disorder. It was said that
he refused to have a wastebasket, and used, instead, the floor and his own
desk. It is believed that he was once offered an important post on The
New York World at a salary of $10,000. It is also in keeping with the
character of the man that he should prefer to remain as the editor of a
country newspaper. It has been the opinion of many throughout the state
that Mr. Davenport was one of the most brilliant editors that the state has .
ever produced. The paper was, however, not a financial success and
continued a heavy drain upon Davenport's means, inherited from his
father, until his sale of the paper in 1901 to J. G. Ullery, who conducted it
for a period of two years. -
In 1903 The Reformer, no longer a Democratic paper, was sold to Mr.
E. H. Crane of Ludlow; in 1905 to the Vermont Printing Company. In
1913 The Reformer appeared as The Brattleboro Daily Reformer, having
been acquired by the Brattleboro Publishing Company.
1 Another name for Sifter John.
-In 1908 Mr. Davenport became an editorial writer on The Worcester (Massachu-
setts )Po.r^ and held that position until he took a similar post on The Albany (New
York) Argus.
BROOKS HOUSE
BROOKS LIBRARY
UNITARIAN CHURCH
WELL'S HALL FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH BUILDING
CHAPTER XCI
THE BROOKS HOUSE— BROOKS LIBRARY
The Brooks House — The Brooks Library — George Jones Brooks. Mrs. Kirkland's
House.
Within the memory of people living here at the time it was opened, not
so large, convenient and elegant a hotel could be found outside our cities.
All the rooms were in telegraphic communication with the office, heated by
steam, and mostly arranged in suites.
In the summer of 1877 the President of the United States, Rutherford
B. Hayes, with his wife visited Brattleboro, the home of his fathers, and
was met by the citizens in the spacious rooms of the Brooks House. He
addressed the people from the balcony in front on the morning of his
departure and said his grandfather was a blacksmith in this town about one
hundred years ago.
The proprietors or managers of the Brooks House have been Colonel
Francis Goodhue, from 1875 to 1888 ; George H. Jefts ; Tyler & Pence,
1892-1896; Henry D. Carlisle; William Carlisle & H. W. Eddy; H. W.
Eddy; F. H. Chester; T. J. Heaphy; John Brasor; G. E. Sherman.
The Brooks Library
The people of Brattleboro early appreciated the importance of good
books for general distribution, and in 1823 there was a circulating library
housed in a bookstore.
The old Brattleboro Library Association was organized in 1842, and
existed for nearly forty years. It was maintained from a special fund
of $2500 and by the payment of membership fees and a small annual
assessment levied on each member. In 1858 this association had two thou-
sand volumes. C. F. Thompson was secretary and treasurer ; E. J. Car-
penter, librarian. The superintending committee was L. G. Mead, F. T.
Higginson and D. W. Lewis. Through the active exertions of Honorable
George Folsom and Philip Wells, Esquire, a reading room was opened
July 30, 1859. The Honorable Daniel Kellogg, who occupied an office
896 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
on the same floor, very kindly consented for those who had access to the
reading room to use his very extensive law library.
In 1883 the members of this association proposed to turn over to the
town the books and other properties in their possession, provided the town
would establish and maintain a public library which should be free to all.
This proposition was formally accepted by the town March 7, 1883. At
an adjourned meeting held April 8, 1883, by-laws were adopted and a
board of trustees elected. From that time to the present, the town has
made appropriations for the support of the library.
The library of the old association had a migratory history. It was
moved several times from one store to another. When it was received by
the town it numbered about two thousand seven hundred volumes, which
were moved to the lower Town Hall, set apart for its use. Doubtless many
of our citizens supposed that it was permanently located. But public-
spirited residents were devising liberal gifts, and better things were in
store for it.
When the library came into possession of the town, Charles N. Daven-
port made provision that the sum of $1000 should be set apart from his
estate, the yearly interest of which should be expended in the purchase of
books of an historical and political nature, preference being given to local
history. This provision was fulfilled after his death by his two sons.
William H. Wells of New York, a former resident of Brattleboro, placed
$1000 in the hands of the trustees in 1886. Another former resident,
Lucius G. Pratt of West Newton, Massachusetts, contributed later a like
amount. The ladies of Brattleboro raised a fund of $1000 and from
other sources several smaller gifts have been received.
In 1886 George J. Brooks erected on the site of the Joseph Goodhue
house on Main Street the building which is the present home of the library.
His sudden death, a few days before the time appointed for dedication,
revealed his plans, completed even to the preparation of his address of
presentation.
At the dedication it was formally transferred by the executors of his
estate to a board of trustees chosen by the donor, by them to be held in
trust "for the use and benefit of the town for the purpose of a Public
Library." Later, the heirs of Mr. Brooks placed in the hands of these
trustees the sum of $15,000 for the maintenance of the building and its
accessories, to be known as "The George J. Brooks Memorial Fund."
In the opening provision of Mr. Brooks's will it gives and devises to
B. D. Harris, Joseph Draper, James M. Tyler, Julius J. Estey and Hoyt ■
H. Wheeler, in trust, the piece of land on which the library building
stands. . . .
GEORGE JONES BROOKS 897
Said library building, when completed, shall be called the "Brooks
Public Library," and shall always be for the use and benefit of said town
of Brattleboro and its inhabitants, and shall never be used for any other
purpose than a public library. Said library, when constructed, shall
always be under the management and control of the five trustees above
named and their successors.
On the completion of the library said trustees shall decide by lot which
of the number shall hold the office one, two, three, four and five years
respectively, and within thirty days of the expiration of one year from
that time they shall elect a successor to the trustee whose term is about to
expire, and they shall in each succeeding year thereafter elect one trustee
to succeed the retiring members, each newly elected member to hold his
office for the term of five years, and no retiring member to be eligible to re-
election until he shall have been out of office two years. In case of the
death, resignation or removal from town of any trustee, the remaining
trustees shall thereupon fill the vacancy so occasioned.
May 15, 1882, Mrs. Annie E. Fulton was engaged to catalogue the
books and to be librarian when the library was opened to the public,
September 18, 1883. She remained until April 12, 1883, when Miss Kate
Austin (now Mrs. T. A. Austin) was appointed librarian, as Mrs. Fulton
"refused to accept the proposition of the board" in regard to salary.
April 4, 1887, William C. Bradley was appointed librarian and served
in that office until March 5, 1902, when a Miss Perry was appointed
librarian; she resigned April 28, 1902, when Miss Mary Shakshober was
appointed assistant librarian for six months, and October 16, 1902, was
appointed regular librarian, and Mr. Bradley was made Librarian Emeri-
tus. Miss Shakshober held this position until 1917.^
George Jones Brooks
George Jones Brooks was born August 28, 1818, in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, where his father, Captain William S. Brooks, was then a resi-
dent. He was the fourth in a family of eight children, and when he had
reached the age of three years his father removed to Chesterfield, New
Hampshire, where his boyhood was spent. He attended the district
school at Factory Village, and his education was continued at Chester-
field Academy, and the well-known school of J. W. Fairfield at Hudson,
New York. His first experience in business was obtained in Brattleboro
in the store of Gardner C. Hall and Hall & Townsley. In 1S3S he went
' Miss Shakshober, daughter of John Shakshober of Arlington. Vermont, married
October 26, 1917, Franklin S., son of Howard A. Pratt, expert accountant, now of
firm Barrows & Pratt.
898 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
to Hillsboro, Illinois, opposite St. Louis, and engaged in practical farm-
ing on a somewhat extended scale. Leaving there some twelve years later
he went to Alabama, where his brother-in-law, Mr. N. F. Cabot, was then
located, intending to engage in business in that locality, but at the urgent
solicitation of his brother, Horace Brooks, he returned to New York and
almost immediately left for San Francisco to engage in the paper trade,
being accompanied on the journey by Mr. Cabot. This was in May, 1850,
the year following the breaking out of the gold excitement of '49. At
that time the firm of Persse & Brooks of New York was one of the
largest in the paper trade in this country. Besides their large wholesale
house in that city they were extensive manufacturers of printing papers
and were the builders and owners of the first great paper mill erected at
Windsor Locks, Connecticut. The idea was for the San Francisco house
to be established as the selling agency on the Pacific coast for the New
York house, and it was this idea which Mr. George J. Brooks carried into
practical effect with remarkable success, under the style of George J.
Brooks & Company.
When Mr. Brooks reached Frisco the city was a strange collection
of tents and all sorts of makeshifts for a shelter, the like of which had
probably never before been seen. Hotels, stores and private dwellings
alike consisted of four poles planted in the ground, with strips of cotton
cloth stretched around them for walls and more cotton cloth for roofs.
It was in such a place that Mr. Brooks set up his store, and here he con-
tinued until the building which the New York house had shipped in sec-
tions around Cape Horn arrived and was set up. It was located on Clay
Street, and in this building of eastern make all the large business of the
firm was transacted. It would be easy to fill columns with descriptions
of the scenes and incidents of those early days — of the strange and rough
and often lawless conglomeration of people who made up the infant city ;
of the days when Wells, Fargo & Company's famous express was the main
source of supplies ; when New York daily papers were cheap at a dollar a
single copy, and when, on steamer days, marking the arrival of letters
from home, a line, often a mile Jong, of men of every sort and condition
in life, waited and struggled by turns to get their chance at the delivery,
two days sometimes elapsing before the last was served, or, mayhap,
sent away disappointed and heartsick because no letter came.
The firm of George J. Brooks & Company grew steadily in strength and
importance. It had the most abundant and reliable base of supply of any
in the trade, and its methods were those of a strict integrity, which com-
manded and held the confidence of every patron. Mr. Brooks used to
relate, with a sly twinkle of satisfaction, how once, soon after he began
business in San Francisco and when things were in their most uncertain
GEORGE JONES BROOKS 899
and unsettled condition, for a full month he held in his store every sheet
of paper that was for sale on the coast. His own stock was scant, and
newspaper men were put to every conceivable shift to issue their papers
and keep along. "My sales were small for that month," he said in relat-
ing the incident ; "they only amounted to $10,000, and my profits were only
$7000." With this single exception, however, no money was ever made
for his firm by corners or booms or speculative methods of any sort.
The firm controlled the trade of the whole Pacific coast while it remained
in business, fixed the prices of papers of all grades, and gave small coun-
tenance to any concern which attempted to break the market or send
things "kiting." After two years Mr. Brooks was joined in the business
by his brother, Mr. F. W. Brooks. As the country grew their business
increased, and their papers were sold in Arizona, Oregon, Washington
Territory, Vancouver Island and the Sandwich Islands. Their supplies
were shipped from New York around Cape Horn, and in this way it hap-
pened that as a rule the firm had stock of the value of $100,000 to $200,-
000 always afloat. Twice after the war broke out they had cargoes of
paper destroyed by rebel cruisers.
In 1862 Mr. Brooks sold his interest in the concern to Mr. Cabot, and
permanently retired from trade in the enjoyment of an ample fortune.
During these twelve years he had seen the city of tents and shanties grow
to one of the first commercial importance, and he was himself largely iden-
tified with its solid business and social interests. He was one of the
original members of the Unitarian Church of San Francisco, and from the
first his ample means were used without stint in promoting its interests.
In his hands was finally placed the delicate and important task of convey-
ing in person to T. Starr King the final message from the San Francisco
church which compelled his acceptance of the call to its pastorate, and
gave that young man of matchless genius his wonderful and brilliant
career of usefulness on the Pacific coast, which not only promoted and
upbuilt the cause of religion in California but saved the state to the Union
in the stormy days of '61 and '62.
Besides his ownership of real estate in San Francisco Mr. Brooks was
one of the original promoters of the system of cable street railways, which
have reached their greatest success in that city. He built the water works
at Santa Cruz, California, and had other large interests in that vicinity.
After his release from the exacting cares of business in the paper ware-
house his attachment for the East and the scenes of his youth reasserted
itself, and in due time he established his legal residence in Brattleboro, and
thereafter, saving a year spent in Europe, he divided his time between
Brattleboro and San Francisco.
In 1871-1872 he showed his public spirit and his interest in the good
900 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
name and permanent welfare of Brattleboro by erecting the Brooks House
at a cost of about $150,000. Without expecting to reaHze any return from
it as an investment, he spared no money in making it a superior among
the hotels of New England. His home in Brattleboro was in the Brooks
House in apartments especially arranged and fitted up for the accommo-
dation of himself and his sister. Miss Ellen Malvina Brooks.
In October, 1885, Mr. Brooks bought the old Goodhue homestead on
Main Street, and about that time he made known to a few intimate friends
his purpose to build upon a portion of the lot a building to receive and
permanently hold the Brattleboro Free Library. In due time the scheme
took definite shape, and before his departure for San Francisco for the
winter he had decided upon the general plan, named his trustees, and
left the details to be worked out and all needed arrangements to be made
ready to begin work on the building at the opening of the season in 1886.
His sudden death from a disease of the heart occurred in Brattleboro
December 23, 1886.
In his personal character Mr. Brooks was a man of purity and sim-
plicity of thought and of singleness of purpose. His success in life was
due to solid, substantial qualities of mind, which showed him things in
their true perspective ; he refused to be carried away by any passing
whim, and sought the end in view by methods of directness. From his
earliest beginning in business he scorned the ways of those who seek
to accomplish their own ends by indirection or by circumventing and
breaking down the interests of others. He was slower than most men in
reaching a conclusion ; but, the conviction once reached, he held by it with
the absolute frankness and sincerity of one who had nothing to conceal.
And this was as true of him in matters of religion, politics and personal
friendship as in affairs of business and the world at large. He was ready
and helpful in his devotion to the church in Brattleboro, and his activity
had its source in sincere personal conviction. He believed in the principles
of liberal Christianity as taught by Channing and Ware and King; on
them his personal conduct was founded, and in him these principles found
a sturdy, unflinching advocate at every suitable time and place. In poli-
tics his devotion to the principles of the Republican party was equally
warm and pronounced.
In recognition of his gifts to the town he was elected representative to
the State Legislature in the autumn of 1886.
Mrs. Kirkland's House
The lingering illness of Mr. Kirkland left his widow and three young
sons with no resources for their maintenance, and no capital except an
attractive house and a well-chosen library.
MRS. KIRKLAND'S HOUSE 901
With a resolution and energy that never faltered, Mrs. Kirkland set
about to keep a home for her children and give them an education. She
opened her house, centrally located, with the advantages of cheerful
rooms, open fireplaces and piazzas, to paying guests, and by a large view
of the requirements of desirable people, not only succeeded in her purpose,"
but made a place for her "boarders" unique in homelikeness and social
atmosphere.
Mrs. Kirkland's activities, with the same sound judgment and enthu-
siasm which characterized her domestic life, extended to the Congrega-
tional Church, and its various organizations, of which she was a faithful
member. She was for several years president of the Ladies' Association ;
she was also president of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Young Men's
Christian Association.
Among the families who came to her house for so many years that they
seemed to belong to the town was that of Mr. Simon Mendelson of New
York, which included Mr. August Lewis, who married Mr. Mendelson's
daughter,— both men of broad culture and travel. Lovers of mankind,
they were, as ardent believers in democracy, steady supporters of the
single-tax cause, and personal friends of Henry George ; Mr. Lewis also
devoted much of his life to music. A spirit of kindness and helpfulness
animated all their relations in Brattleboro as elsewhere.
James Freeman Coleman was another member of Mrs. Kirkland's per-
manent family, a native of Salem, son of Reverend Henry Coleman of
that city, author of "European Life and Manners," who graduated at
Harvard College in 1834, in the same class with Judge Charles Royall
Tyler. He was a man of bright mind and of much general cultivation
increased by extensive travel. He had an old-fashioned courtesy of man-
ner, joined to a most kindly nature, was very fond of the society of young
people, constant in his friendships and full of unostentatious charities.
Early in life his eyesight became impaired and during the last years he was
almost blind. He bore this heavy deprivation quietly and cheerfully
although he had no relative to support his declining years, and died at Mrs.
Kirkland's December 6, 1887.
In the latter part of her life Mrs. Wolcott Balestier found a home with
Mrs. Kirkland. Mr. William C. Bradley, H, after the death of his mother,
and Mrs. Anna S. Filsen and her daughter for twenty-five years came and
went from this hospitable house. Mrs. Kirkland died June 16, 1913, and
with her passed away a house which had been one of the social resources
of the village.
CHAPTER XCII '
THE POST OFFICE
The Post Office, 1886. Free Delivery — Carriers — Doctor Daniel P. Webster —
Colonel Herbert Taylor — Colonel Kittredge Haskins — Michael Moran — Charles
W. Wilcox, assistant postmaster fifty-one years — The Listing Department.
Road to Wantastiquet— Wells Fountain, 1890.
The post office remained in the south side of the town building for
twenty-two years and nine months, or until October, 1886, when the need
of additional room, light and mail boxes became so insistent that a trans-
fer was made to quarters on the north side. The original quarters in that
building contained six hundred square feet of floor space, lighted by one
window on an alleyway. There were twelve hundred lock and call boxes.
The new quarters gave thirteen hundred square feet of space and three
hundred additional boxes. In 1895 more room was added to provide for i
the constant and rapid increase in the postal business of Brattleboro. The j
town building continued to house Uncle Sam's postal service until March
4, 1917.
Major Frederick W. Childs was appointed to the office of postmaster
by Grover Cleveland in 1886 and held the office until 1898, by the ex-
pressed wish of the people and by Republican appointment.
Street letter boxes were conveniently located in the village May 1, 1886,
and one collector provided, and under the act of January 3, 1887, authoriz-
ing extension of carrier deliveries to places having population of $10,000
gross postal revenue, the first free delivery system was fully established,
with four carriers, July 1, 1887. Dennis E. Tasker, William E. Barber
and Spencer W. Knight have been continuously in the service thirty-
two years ; Thomas A. Austin, beginning as a substitute, has been a regular
carrier thirty-one years; John A. Lindsey, twenty-six years, and Sidney
H. Farr, twenty years ; Miss Frances E. Guild and Julius E. Leach, mailing
clerk, have often worked from ten to twelve hours a day.
Doctor Dan P. Webster succeeded Major Childs and held the office
from 1898 to 1904; Colonel Herbert Taylor, 1904-1911 ; Colonel Kittredge
Haskins, 1911-1915. Colonel Haskins was active in the extension of the
free delivery; through his influence the Federal building was secured for
Brattleboro. Michael. Moran became postmaster in 1915.
SOLDIERS MONUMENT
^^'*S^y^^^rsfe,^fe ^^^ ,./ r^>
THE COMMON
ON TOP OF WANTASTIOUET
HIGHLAND PARK
THE TOWN'S LISTING DEPARTMENT 903
Charles W. Wilcox entered the office as clerk in 1868 and was there
two years. He again entered the office in 1880 as assistant postmaster,
and has served a term of fifty-one years, under seven postmasters, the
first being Daniel Kellogg.
When Mr. Wilcox entered the employ of the government, and for some
time thereafter, there were only two clerks besides the postmaster to do
all the work. The gross receipts were about $6000 annually. There are
now thirty-one connected with the office, and the receipts are about
$83,000.
The efficiency of the postal service has been largely due to the intelli-
gent and steadfast devotion of JMr. Wilcox to the duties of his office.
The Town's Listing Department
Previous to 1880 three listers were required by law. The lists were
then taken on one common memorandum book by simply setting down
the name of the taxpayer, his school district and all his taxable property.
No oath was required. After all taxpayers were seen, their lists were
copied into the personal and grand list book.
In 1880 the Legislature passed a law, at the suggestion of Governor
Levi K. Fuller, by which forms on which to take tax inventories came into
use and each taxpayer was required to make oath. This law went into
effect in 1881, and as a matter of course its provisions increased the work
of the listers. That year Governor Fuller was chosen lister with George
A. Boyden and John S. Cutting, and they were obliged to employ two
clerks in order to complete the grand list within the time required by law.^
From 1881 to 1894, inclusive, only three listers were chosen by this
town. In 1895 it was thought wise to elect five listers, as it was taking
five men to do the work and it would cost the town no more for two addi-
tional listers. From 1895, five listers have been chosen by the town,
and as the work of listing has become more complicated, building has in-
creased and lots have been cut up, the listers have had all they could do to
complete the grand list within the legal time limit.
Some of the real estate changes since 1880 are notable. Buildings have
been erected on Reed Street and on Vernon Street, with changes in lots
and the erection of new manufacturing plants. On South Main Street
the Kidder property has been cut into forty-eight lots that have been laid
out and houses have been erected east of the electric car line. Nearly all
of the houses on Pine Street have been erected since 1880, and new dwell-
ings have gone up on Blakeslee Street, while the Oak Grove section, which
iThe grand list in 1880 was $22,909; in 1914, $75,770.60. The ta.xable polls in
1880 were 1470 ; the voters, about 1450.
904 . ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
was formerly a mowing, is now laid out into two hundred and forty-seven
subdivisions with scattered houses. Belmont Avenue, a few years ago
one parcel of real estate, is now divided into eighty-eight lots, and similar
changes have taken place on Maple and Fairview Streets. Within ten
years the D. S. Pratt mowing on the south side of Western Avenue has
been almost entirely built up, several new houses have been built on North-
ern Avenue, and Chestnut Hill has five dwellings upon it. In many other
sections new residences have been erected, without mention of the business
structures that have been put up on Main, Elliot and High Streets.
The Road to Wantastiquet
The idea of having a road to the summit of Wantastiquet was con-
ceived in the summer of 1S89, and persons interested began putting the
idea into execution, Walter H. Childs being especially active in the project.
In the fall of that year George A. Hines made a survey to determine
the most feasible route.
In the spring of 1890 articles of agreement for the construction of the
road were drawn up by Judge James M. Tyler in behalf of the Brattle-
boro Retreat, owner of the land, and other citizens interested. These
articles gave the right to build and use the road, with such restrictions'
as were proper and necessary. The Retreat agreed to contribute as its
share of the work the removal of all wood, timber and undergrowth from
the proposed route. It gave the right to a roadway twenty feet wide,
stipulated that no wooden buildings should be erected along the route,
that proper precautions should be taken against forest fires, that no adver-
tising signs or placards of any kind should be put up, and that the only
structure to be erected on the summit should be a tower that could be
seen from the village of Brattleboro. The Retreat retained the right to
erect a gate at the entrance of the road, which was to be in all respects
a private way.
These provisions were carried out, except that no tower was erected,
there being a wind gauge station on the summit, where now stands a
monument erected to the memory of Mr. Childs. The road was built by
D. T. Perry and was of a permanent nature, with only two places where
the grade was too steep. It was opened for public use in 1891.
Wells Fountain, October 11, 1890
The fountain, designed by William Rutherfurd Mead, was given to
the village by William Henry Wells, the donor acting in the persons of
three representatives with the village authorities on all questions of main-
tenance. The original representatives were : Richards Bradley, Doctor
NEW HIGH SCHOOL
VIEW FROM RETREAT TOWER
HIGH STREET
HOUSE AMD GARDEN OF FRANKLIN H. WHEELER
WELLS FOUNTAIN 905
Joseph Draper, Doctor Henry D. Holton. The land was given August 6,
1890, by Edwin P. and AHce P. Carpenter "for a water fountain of artis-
tic design or some other work of art which shall beautify and adorn said
plot and remain an ornament to the said village and evidence of the good
taste of its inhabitants, and maintain a concrete or graveled curb walk at
least six feet wide on the land conveyed." It was given by Mr. Wells "to
be maintained by the village and in the protection and care of the same by
the authorities in conference with the representatives named herein, who
are to be self perpetuating and to fill all vacancies in case of the death
or resignation of either of them."
CHAPTER XCIII
WINDHAM COUNTY POLITICS
By Honorable Kittredge Haskins
Only one senator out of the twenty-six the state has had has gone from
this county. He was Stephen R. Bradley of Westminster, great-grand-
father of Colonel Richards Bradley, who was also grandson, on two sides,
of congressmen, and whose father, J. Dorr Bradley, was repeatedly a
Democratic candidate, but unsuccessfully, because it was in the days
when the Democracy, after ruling the state beneficently for a quarter of a
century, had gone into an eclipse.
The earlier congressmen belonged to a wonderfully brilliant coterie of
young Democrats that furnished the chief intellectual life of this section
for many years. Stephen R. Bradley, who served three terms in the
Senate, 1791-1795 and 1801-1813, was in his day the biggest Democrat
of New England, five times president pro tern, the close friend and adviser
of Jefferson and Madison and repeatedly chairman of the congressional
caucus which in those days used to nominate presidential tickets, before
the system of national conventions had been devised. The senate sessions
in his time were secret, and there is no record of his part in debates, but
it is conceded by the historians that it was a most influential one. The
nearest approach to any other senator from this county was Samuel Pren-
tiss, 1831-1842, who was one of the great Whig leaders of his day and
who, in his youth, while his home was at Northfield, Massachusetts,
studied law in Brattleboro with John W. Blake.
In the House have been James Elliot, 1803-1809 ; John Noyes, 1815-
1817 ; Jonathan Hunt, 1827-1832 ; and James M. Tyler, 1879-1883. The
others from the county were William C. Bradley, 1813-1815 and 1823-
1827 ; Mark Richards of Westminster, 1817-1821 ; Phineas \yhite of Put-
ney, 1821-1823; and William Henry of Bellows Falls, 1847-1851— all
serving too short a time to make a great mark in the Legislature. William
C. Bradley, a son of the senator, was in Pliny White's estimate "all things
considered, the greatest man Vermont ever produced," and was certainly
equipped intellectually in the same rank with Webster and Clay, but he
retired because of a strong distaste for public office and had his fun the
WINDHAM COUNTY POLITICS 907
rest of his life in literature, law practice and leadership of the state De-
mocracy, whose candidate for governor he was four times, twice forcing
the choice into the Legislature; but the tendency of the times, after the
anti-Masonic rage had overthrown Democratic rule in the state, together
with the remarkable adroitness of Horatio Seymour as the Whig manager,
made it a losing game for the brilliant Bradley, and as the slavery issue
got uppermost he became first a Free-soiler in 1848 and then a Republican
when the new party was formed. Mark Richards, a Revolutionary sol-
dier, enlisting at the age of sixteen and seeing some of the hardest of
fighting under Washington, in later life lieutenant-governor of the state,
sheriff of the county and a business man of large interests^ and James
Elliot were both members of this young Democratic coterie. 'Elliot, the
son of a sailor, had to shift for himself from the time he was seven, came
to Guilford a lad of fifteen, and moved to Brattleboro in 1803, the year
that he was elected to Congress. He was then only twenty-eight years
old but by the force of his intellect he had become a Democratic leader in
the southeastern part of the state. After his six years in Congress he
published a paper in Philadelphia for a while, and then returned to Brat-
tleboro and later moved to Newfane, representing both towns in the
Legislature.
John Noyes, who served only one term, was an extensive merchant, in
partnership with General Mann, grandfather of the wife of General
McClellan.
Jonathan Hunt was rapidly making a career in the House when death
cut him off. His father was Governor Hunt and his mother a pupil of
John Adams; his sons, William Morris, the artist, and Richard M., the
architect, were famous men.
Phineas White served only one term. He had before been judge of the
County Court, besides holding most of the other local offices. After his
return from Congress he devoted himself to agriculture. William Henry
was one of the fathers of Bellows Falls village, and for many years the
bank cashier there. He was a close personal friend of Lincoln. James
M. Tyler, later of the Supreme Court, made a creditable record for a two-
term man, but the life was distasteful to him and he declined a renomina-
tion.
Besides the Democratic candidates, Mr. Bradley, Charles N. Davenport
(several times the nominee, and who refused the nomination when he
probably could have been elected, in 1874, the year of Poland's defeat)
and Doctor Daniel Campbell, the roll of defeated aspirants in this county
is a long one, and includes Colonel Calvin Townsley, who tried several
times back in Whig time ; Doctor W^ R. Ranney of Townshend, who made
a vigorous effort in the fifties ; Judge C. Royall Tyler, who made one
908 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
attempt; Judge Hampden Cutts, Judge A. Stoddard and B. D. Harris,
who all tried it together in 1866, and George Howe, who joined with
Harris and Haskins in another three-cornered fight in 1878. In fact, the
trouble with Windham County candidates has always been a home split.
For thirty years the county never went up to a convention united for
any one man for any office.
c;0^^ /u v^^-^i^^^r
--^■/■A'^/irr /^ ^.. -/' -^..
LEVI K. FULLER GOVERNOR 1892-1894
FDXLER BATTERY CIRCA 1865
FULLER BATTERY
GOVERNOR FULLER AMD STAFF AT NEWPORT VT.
CHAPTER XCIV
GOVERNOR LEVI KNIGHT FULLER
Levi K. Fuller, second son of Washington and Lncinda Constantine
Fuller, was born February 24, 1841, at Westmoreland, New Hampshire.
The progenitor of the American branch of the family was Doctor Edward
Fuller, who, accompanied by his wife and son Samuel, set sail from Eng-
land in 1620, in the Mayflozver. His maternal ancestry was German.
In 1845 his parents removed to Bellows Falls, where young Levi
attended the public schools until the age of thirteen years, when, with only
twenty-five cents in his pocket, he left his father's house, determined to
make a place for himself in the world. Coming to Brattleboro he entered
the employ of James H. Capen to learn the printer's craft, was retained
by Mr. Capen in the position of telegraph operator, and in his leisure
hours studied and practiced the science of electricity. His talent for
mechanics was shown very early in life ; while in his teens he constructed
a steam engine, operated by a new valve movement, which received a
premium at the Windham County Agricultural Fair.
In 185C he applied himself to mechanics and in order to become familiar
with this line of work served an apprenticeship to a machinist in Boston,
where he also attended an evening school, and was for some time night
telegraph operator at the Mechanics Exchange, Boston. In 1857 he was
a telegraph operator in Burlington, Vermont. In 1860 he returned to
Brattleboro and became actively connected with the Estey Organ Com-
pany's factory, as machinist and mechanical engineer, started a machine
shop of his own for the manufacture of wood-planing machinery, and
within a short time began the manufacture of sewing machines ; he demon-
strated his value to the company in so large a degree that six years later
he was admitted as a member of the corporation, being vice-president for
thirty years.
His resources as inventor were great, and over a hundred patents have
been issued to cover his many devices : among them the invention of rail-
way recorders for registering the condition of the roadbed; important
improvements in ventilators and dust arresters in application to cars;
improvements in hydraulic engines, in car couplings; devices relative to
artificial drying of timbers.
910 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
On May 8, 1865, Mr. Fuller was united in marriage to Abby Emily
Estey, daughter of Jacob and Desdemona (Wood) Estey, born September
1, 1843.
In 1873 President Grant appointed Mr. Fuller commissioner to the
Vienna Exposition, but he declined the honor as his business interests at
home demanded all his time and energy.
In 1874 he founded what was known as the Fuller Battery, serving as
its commander until 1899 ; he equipped and otherwise supported it for
two years, when it was turned over to the state. Vermont, through him,
was the first state to be supplied with rifled guns. This battery was
nationally noted for its efficiency. He was brevetted colonel in 1887 for
long and meritorious service in the Vermont National Guard.
He served as state senator in 1880-1882, taking an active part in pass-
ing the new tax law, was chairman of the committee on finance and mem-
ber of the committee on military affairs and on railroads. In 1886 he was
nominated and elected lieutenant-governor of the state of Vermont, and in
1893, by an increased majority, he was elected to the position of governor.
As governor he was particularly effective in relation to the founding and
organization of state institutions, and in the question of roads was
instrumental in developing public sentiment for good roads not only in
Vermont, but in the country at large. His administration was regarded as
a model of efficiency.
He was president for many years, and up to the time of his demise,
of the board of trustees of Vermont Academy, and its central building,
known as Fuller Hall, was his gift to that institution, which was the
recipient also of numerous other donations by him. He took a lively
interest in the upbuilding of the colored people of the South, and served
for some years as a member of the board of trustees of Shaw University,
and the firm of which he was a member erected one of the structures of
that institution for the education of colored women, known as Estey Hall.
Among his scientific attainments. Governor Fuller was recognized
as an authority on acoustics; and, incidental to his interest in this direc-
tion, he collected, at an expense approximating ten thousand dollars,
the historic tuning forks of the world, including those of many of the
great master composers and musicians. He it was, too, who largely by
individual effort succeeded in establishing a national pitch. No less dis-
tinguished an authority than Professor Koenig accorded to Governor
Fuller the very first rank of attainment along this line. To the study of
astronomy he gave much time and he owned one of the finest equatorial
telescopes in the eastern states.
Governor Fuller's inventive genius was remarkably fortified by a clear-
sighted understanding of practical issues; an unremitting habit of study
GOVERNOR FULLER 911
in search of truth was another important element in estimating the sources
of his large general capacity, for, whether in the realm of science as
applied to music, in financial concerns, in statecraft or philanthropy, the
fruit of his efforts was immediate and bears the test of time.
As a youth Mr. Fuller united with the Ruggles Street Baptist Church.
He continued to be connected with that denomination throughout his life,
and was a liberal contributor to its benefactions.
He was a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ;
of the American Society for the Advancement of Science; the Astronom-
ical Society of the Pacific; the American Society of Electrical Engineers;
the American Society of Associated Science; the Sons of the American
Revolution, serving as its presiding officer in the state of Vermont, and an
associated member of the Military Service Institution of the United
States.
The University of Vermont conferred upon him the degree of A.M. in
1893, and Norwich University the degree of LL.D. in 1895.
He died October 10, 1896.
CHAPTER XCV
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Physicians. Biographical. Honorable James M. Tyler — Honorable Kittredge Has-
kins — Henry C. Willard — Peleg Barrows — Reverend Lewis Grout — Reverend
Allan D. Brown, LL.D. — Francis W. Brooks — Doctor David P. Dearborn — Henry
D. Holton, M.D. Davenport family : Charles N. Davenport — Charles H. Daven-
port—Herbert J. Davenport. The Childs family: Walter H. Childs— Rollin S.
Childs — Major Frederick W. Childs. William H. Rockwell, Junior — Miss Helen
M. French — "Sally Joy White" — Madame Georgianna Mondan — Franklin H. Saw-
yer (Doctor Charles E. Severance) — Mary E. Wilkins — Lieutenant-Commander
George W. Tyler — Newton L Hawley — Joseph Draper, M.D. — Reverend Charles
H. Merrill — Honorable Parley Starr — Jonathan G. Eddy — Honorable Edgar W.
Stoddard — James Conland, !\LD. — Reverend William H. Collins — Honorable Dor-
man B. Eaton — Judge George Shea — Reverend Samuel M. Crothers — Reverend
George B. Gow — Judge James L, Martin — Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler — Doctor
Daniel P. Webster — Reverend Charles O. Day — Reverend James H. Babbitt —
Judge Eleazer L. Waterman — William Eaton Foster — Robert Gordon Hardie,
Junior — Oscar A. Marshall — Russell A. Bigelow — Doctor William Bullock Clark
—Frederick Holbrook, H — Wolcott Balestier — Rudyard Kipling — Wilford H.
Bracket! — Clarke C. Fitts — Ora E. Butterfield — Professor Starr Willard Cutting
— Mary Howe — Madame Brazzi-Pratt.
Physicians, 1864-1895
Doctor Benjamin Ketchnm, 1864-18?0; Doctor Charles P. Frost, 1865-
1868 ; Doctor David P. Dearborn, 1865-1888 ; Doctor Henry D. Holton,
1S67-1917; Doctor Henry Tucker,^ 1874-1888-1896 ; Doctor Martin
L. Bruce, 1874-1913 ; Doctor James W. Gregg, 1876-1916 ; Doctor James
Conland, 1878-1903 ; Doctor Ansel I. Miller, 1886 ; Doctor Daniel P. Web-
ster, 1883-1889 ; Doctor Charles E. Severance, 1888-1907 ; Doctor Charles
S. Pratt, 1884; Doctor Edwin S. Bowen, 1888; Doctor Fremont Hamilton,
1893.
Honorable James M. Tyler
James M. Tyler, son of Ephraim Tyler of Guilford, Vermont, who died
August 24, 1878, at the age of eighty-seven, was born at Wilmington
April 27, 1835; he was educated at the Brattleborough Academy; gradu-
ated at the law university of Albany, New York ; was admitted to the bar
of Vermont in September, 1860. He was a member of the State Legisla-
1 Health Officer from 1909-1918.
.„jg2:fe^-^^^. ■■■■
HONORABLE JAMES M. TYLER
JUDGE HOYT H. WKEELER
JUDGE JAMES L. MASTIH
HONORABLE KITTREDGE HASKINS
JUDGE RANSLURE W. CLARKE
JUDGE WILLIAM S. NEWTON
HON. KITTREDGE HASKINS 913
ture in 1863 and 18G4 and a special session of 1865, and was state's attor-
ney in 18G6-1S67 ; since 1875 he has been one of the trustees of the Ver-
mont Asykim for the Insane. He was elected to the Forty-sixth Congress,
and was reelected to the Forty-seventh Congress, as a Republican, receiv-
ing 15,960 votes against 6698 votes for Campbell, Democrat, and forty-
one for Mead, Republican, 1879-1883. For years he was superintendent
of village schools and chairman of the school board. He was associate
justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1887-1908. The verdict of his
contemporaries has been "a learned lawyer, a faithful Representative in
Congress, an able and xipright Judge."
He married December 11, 1861, Miss Ellen E. Richardson, who died
January 22, 1871, aged twenty-eight. He married, second, September 1,
1875, Miss Jane P. Miles, who was born October 17, 1837, and died May
14, 1919.
Mrs. Tyler was a devoted member of the Unitarian Church, and treas-
urer of the Freme Circle until it was merged into the Woman's Alliance.
For twenty-seven years she was treasurer of the Associated Charities and
an active member of other organizations of relief for the sick and aged.
From 1888 she was manager for this county of The Home for Destitute
Children in Burlington. In all these agencies for good her wisdom and
tact were unfailing.
Honorable Kittredge Haskins
Kittredge Haskins, son of Asaph and Amelia Ward Haskins, was born
in Dover, Vermont, April 8, 1836. He began the study of law with
Shaffer & Davenport in Wilmington and was admitted to the Windham
County bar April 14, 1858. He was in partnership with Charles N.
Davenport until 1861. He married July 1, 1860, Esther jNI. Childs, daugh-
ter of Major Adna B. and Hannah Lamb Childs of Wilmington. They
went to Williams ville, where Mr. Haskins succeeded to the law office
of Charles K. Field, remaining there until August, 1862, when he en-
listed in Company I, Sixteenth Vermont Infantry, and was commissioned
first lieutenant September 20, 1862, but on account of a physical disability
was forced to resign March 19, 1863 ; but he served to the close of the
war as a clerk in the office of the assistant quartermaster doing duty at
Brattleboro, St. Albans and Montpelier.
In 1866 he was elected Captain of Company I, Twelfth Regiment Ver-
mont Militia, and served with the rank of colonel on the staf? of Governor
Peter T. Washburfi. In November, 1863, he came to Brattleboro where
he began the practice of his profession. He was early admitted to the
bar of the United States Courts of Vermont, and in 1883 to the bar of the
Supreme Court of the United States.
914 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
For many years he was the senior member of the law firm of Haskins
& Stoddard, his partner being Edgar W. Stoddard. On November 1,
1897, he formed a partnership with Anthony F. Schwenk, who studied law
in his office, and this partnership continued until he was appointed post-
master. As a lawyer he was regarded by both bench and bar as one of
the strongest in the state.
At first a Democrat in politics, he joined the Republican party in 1861.
He was state's attorney of Windham County, 1870-1872 ; represented
Brattleboro in the Legislature, 1872-1874, 1896-1900, serving as speaker,
1898-1900; he was state senator, 1892-1894, United States attorney for
Vermont from October, 1880, to June, 1887.
He was chairman of the Vermont Board of Commissioners on the
boundary line between Vermont and Massachusetts, 1892-1900 ; on the
Republican State Committee for Second Congressional District, 1901-
1904, serving on committees of elections, agriculture, labor, and was
chairman of war claims.
Elected as Republican to the Fifty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth
and Sixtieth Congresses March 4, 1901, to March 3, 1909. As member of
Congress he was chairman of the committee on war claims, and he did his
work in such a satisfactory manner that the House not only adopted his
report without change, but the leaders at the time pronounced it the best
report ever presented by that committee.
He was one of the most influential members of the house committee
on agriculture. An exhaustive report made by him resulted in the estab-
lishment and maintenance of quarantine districts and the regulations and
restrictions for the transportation of cattle and other live stock.
He was instrumental by his support of Senator Proctor's work in the
Senate in securing the payment of Vermont's claim of $280,000 for arms
and equipment furnished volunteers during the Civil War.
December, 1910, he was appointed judge of the municipal court, Brat-
tleboro, which he resigned February 1, 1911, to be postmaster, serving
until April, 1915.
He secured the Federal building at Brattleboro ; when he entered Con-
gress there were but three rural free delivery routes in the entire second
congressional district of this state. Colonel Haskins was very active in
securing the extension of the free delivery systems and when he retired 1
mail was being carried daily from important centers to people in small j
towns all over the district. He also secured an appropriation of $50,000 I
for the government breeding station for Vermont's Morgan horses. |
President McKinley tendered him the position of Judge Advocate
General during the Spanish War, which honor he declined on account of
his age.
HON. KITTREDGE HASKINS . 915
Mrs. Haskins died January 15, 1912. Colonel Haskins married, second,
September 23, 1912, Maud Arvilla Jane Elmore, daughter of Herbert
Frederick Hay Elmore, who was born in Peru, Vermont, and Cecilia
Louisa (Deacon) Elmore, born in Islington, London, England.
Colonel Haskins was senior warden and vestryman of St. Michael's
Episcopal Church for many years ; he was lay deputy to the General Con-
vention of the Church, 1886, 1889, 1892. In 1908 Norwich University
conferred on him the degree of doctor of laws.
He devoted considerable time to historical research and on numerous
occasions gave historical addresses notable alike for their interest and
accuracy.
From the time he attained his majority until his death Colonel Haskins
was one of the most enthusiastic Freemasons in Vermont, and he was
honored with almost every position in the gift of the fraternity. He
received his Master Mason degree in Social Lodge of Wilmington in
1857, at the age of twenty-one, and before coming to Brattleboro served
as master of that lodge. He was for eight years master of Columbian
Lodge and at various times had been at the head of the local chapter,
council and commandery, and in addition served the latter body for a long
term of years as prelate. In the state organizations he had been grand
master, grand high priest and grand commander and lieutenant com-
mander of the Vermont consistory, thirty-second degree Scottish Rite
Masons. He was also one of the few Masons of the state who had
received the thirty-third, or highest degree of the Scottish Rite branch.
He died August 6, 1916.
Hiland Haskins, son of Asaph and Amelia (Ward) Haskins, was born
in Dover April 11, 1841.
He was living in Worcester, Massachusetts, when he married December
29, 1869, Ellen, daughter of Simeon and Philaney (Stafford) Yeaw of
West Guilford. They soon came to Brattleboro. He was a casemaker
for the Estey Organ Company and later for the Carpenter Organ factory.
He has also been of the firm Haskins & Davis, cabinet makers.
Children :
Minnie, who married Clarence L. Stickney.
Doctor Frank E. Haskins of Boston.
Henry C. Willard
Henry Cushman Willard, born March 22, 1836, came from old Green-
field stock, his father being David Willard, who wrote a history of the
town and was town clerk for many years ; his mother was Sara N. Wil-
916 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
lard. His grandfather, Thomas Dickman, was the first printer in Green-
field and first postmaster.
Mr. Willard learned the drug business at an early age, and in 1863 came
to Brattleboro and formed a partnership with the late Barna A. Clark.
Their first store in the Blake Block, was burned in 1869. After a few
years Mr. Willafd bought Mr. Clark's interest in the business, and when
the Brooks House was completed a handsomely furnished store was
opened in the quarters now occupied by the Brooks House Pharmacy.
Mr. Willard sold the business here in 1885 to Henry A. Chapin, and for
several years was proprietor of a similar store in Great Barrington, Massa-
chusetts, going from that place to Greenfield.
Mr. Willard was a vestryman of St. Alichael's Episcopal Church and
was actively identified with its interests. He was also prominent in the
Masonic fraternity. From 1864 to 1877 he was the practical manager of
the yearly lecture course and other entertainments for the public benefit
which were of a high order, and under his supervision always successful.
He married June 1, 1868, Mary H. Field, daughter of Charles K. Field,
for many years a prominent figure at the bar and in the political life of
this county. She died June 1, 1908. He died December 2, 1899. Their son,
David Willard, was born March 2, 1871. His education began in
a private school of his native town and was continued through the
High School. He was graduated from Trinity College, Hartford, and
took a postgraduate course at Harvard. It was at the time when social
problems were receiving special consideration from the young men of his
generation, and so it happened that the genius of his Field ancestors, their
keen insight into human nature and humorous application of the wisdom
of the ages were concentrated in him towards the uplift of the "sub-
merged tenth." He went to live in the slums and began work in connec-
tion with the University Settlement, New York, by supervising ten or
twelve Boys' Clubs at the Children's House, 129 Chrystie Street, an over-
flow from the settlement.
Here he conducted a City History Club for Italian boys. Every Friday
he held a reception at the house in Chr\-stie Street, which was supported
by voluntary contributions and for which he was largely instrumental
in raising money.
In 1895 he became interested in prison reform and held a school for
criminal boys in the Tombs, over whom he soon became master, which ' i
was conducted with such marked efficiency that, with William T. Jerome, |
he originated the first probation work in New York City in connection !
with the Court of Special Sessions and for which he became the first j
probation officer. His acquaintance covered between two thousand and |
PELEG BARROWS 917
three thousand such boys— out of six hundred and eighty-five cases only
one hundred and seventy-five remained for disposition by the court — and
this enormous and important work was done without a salary. Later the
Public Education Association placed him in charge of the boys sentenced
to the workhouse on Blackwell's Island. He was the means of establish-
ing the Boys' Reformatory on Hart's Island. In 1907 he resigned his
position as probation officer.^
His methods have been his own and of such value that they have been
recognized as models in the philanthropic world. During the years of
activity in New York he was making addresses on the subjects and for
the causes in which he was interested. We find among them the follow-
ing:
Methods and Results in Child Saving, before the National Congress
of Mothers. The Causes of Crime among Boys. Good and Bad Boys,
before the Saturday Morning Club, New York. Probation Work in New
York City, before the Hartford Motherhood Club. Means of Rescue in
Town and Country, before the Ladies' Auxiliary of the Charity Organiza-
tion Society. Young Criminals, before the Society for the Study of Life.
Truancy and How to Prevent It. Boys' Clubs as a Means of Elevating
the Standards of the Street, and Life and Work on the Bowery. The
Indeterminate Sentence of Youthful Offenders, before the Medico-
Legal Society. The Boy, at the Quaker Hill Conference.
He has written articles for the press and magazines of the day :
In The Times — On the Need of a Boys' Lodging House in New York.
In The Ethical Record — The Problem of the Black Sheep. Studies of
Boy Life in New York. The Newsboy. The City Wilderness : — A Settle-
ment Study. Charge of Cruelty at Elmira.
Peleg Barrows
The Barrows family came originally from Carver, Cape Cod, where
they owned a large tract of land.
Peleg Barrows was born in Wareham, Massachusetts, March 8, 1832,
and died in Brattleboro April 28, 1890. His wife, who was Miss Sybil
Lavinia Fletcher, born in Cornish, New Hampshire, October 2, 1826,
died in Brattleboro October 20, 1872.
1 In November, 1918, the imperial order, "Cavaliere della Corona d'ltalia," was
bestowed on David Willard by the Italian Government, in recognition of his work
as international secretary of the Surgical Dressings Relief. This order carries with
it the title of Knight.
.918 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Mr. and Mrs. Barrows came to Brattleboro for his health in 1863 from
Martha's Vineyard. From that time until his retirement in 1876, he
kept a dry goods and novelties store on Main Street. He was a man of
spotless integrity, and when a vote was asked for the most honest man in
the community, it was given by a large majority to Peleg Barrows.
He was trustee of the Brattleboro Savings Bank from 187-4 and assist-
ant treasurer from 1887, clerk and treasurer of the village, and clerk of
the Universalist Society.
Children :
Fletcher, born at Martha's Vineyard in 1852. He attended the Brat-
tleboro High School and was in the class of 1873 at the Massachu-
setts Agricultural College, but before the time of graduation returned
to Brattleboro and entered the coal business, and later took the dry
goods store of his father, making a remarkable success therein. For
eight years he was a member of the Vermont National Guard, and
he was first lieutenant of Company I for four years. He married
June 21, 1887, Stella E., daughter of Azor Marshall. He has been
from 1884 a member of the board of trustees of the Brattleboro Sav-
ings Bank and from 1899 vice-president ; he is also a trustee of the
Brooks Library.
Harriet L., married Charles Cox of Boston and Newton, who died De-
cember 21, 1885, aged forty-five. Children : Sybil ; Mary ; Charles
Barry, manager of the Mabton Valley Fruit Company, Mabton,
Washington. Mrs. Cox married, second, June 17, 1889, John D.
Barrows.
Edward B., married June 11, 1884, Adaline J. Putnam. Children :
Mabel F., married Professor Arthur W. Peach of Norwich; Harriet
E., married Reverend Frederick Leining of Providence, Rhode Island;
Emma, in the Egyptian Archaeology Society, New York ; Fletcher.
Mr. Barrows married, second, March, 1874, Mrs. Sarah E. Baldwin.
Her son, Frank L. Baldwin, died March 25, 1883, aged twenty-three.
Mrs. Barrows died in 1919.
Reverend Lewis Grout
Reverend Lewis Grout was the son of Deacon John Grout, who was in
the fifth generation from the son of Captain John of Waterbury and
Dudley, who came over from England to America about 1634. Deacon
John Grout was born in Westminster, Vermont, August 17, 1788 ; he
went to live in Newfane about 1810, moved to West Brattleboro in 1836
and died there October 16, 1851. He married Azubah, daughter of Jona-
than Dunklee of Brattleboro, May 28, 1811, and had nine children, of
REV. LEWIS GROUT 919
whom eight were sons. His wife, Azubah, died in West Brattleboro
July 24, 1866, aged seventy-three years.
Lewis, the eldest of the children, was born in Newfane January 28,
1815. He fitted for college in part at Brattleborough Academy, 1834-
1837, and in part at Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vermont, 1838, and
graduated at Yale in 1842. Having taught nearly two years at West
Point, New York, he studied theology at New Haven two years, 1844-
1845, graduated at Andover (Massachusetts) Theological Seminary in
1846, and was ordained October 8, the same year, as a missionary to
South Africa. He was married to Miss Lydia Bates in Springfield, Ver-
mont, whence he and his wife started, the same day, for mission work,
under the auspices of the American Board, among the Zulus in Natal.
Two months' sailing brought them to the Cape of Good Hope, where they
spent six weeks, then set sail for the rest of the voyage and reached their
desired haven February 15, 1847.
Mr. Grout's mission life was one of much activity, labor and study, of
a pioneer character, full of sordid reality, yet not a little diversified with
what, in America, would be regarded as wild and romantic. He gave
much time and attention to the study of African languages, especially the
Zulu, of which it became his duty, by appointment of the mission of which
he was a member, to prepare a grammar. He translated the Scriptures
and prepared other books in the Zulu tongue, for the natives, having
charge of the printing press for a time at his station, Umsunduzi. He
was also engaged in teaching and preaching, traveling and exploring;
establishing a station and organizing a church where there never had been
a trace of civilization or Christianity, and so obliged to be, for himself
and his people, architect and carpenter, brickmaker and mason, wheel-
wright and blacksmith, tamer and trainer of oxen and horses, physician
and dentist, farmer and magistrate — to say nothing of finding and build-
ing roads, fording rivers and trapping leopards, and nothing of incidental
studies in natural history, of preparing a sketch of the native tribes, of
having now and then a controversial bout with the Colonial Government
in behalf of aboriginal rights, or with Bishop Colenso on Biblical teaching,
moral science and the proper way of treating polygamy among a heathen
people, in their coming to embrace the Christian faith and enter the church
of Christ, — all which manifold duties and vocations left no time for idle-
ness, or even for that needful rest which a tropical clime makes all the
more imperative for the foreigner of a cooler sky. Yet here he labored
fifteen years, or till March 12, 1863, when, with impaired health, he
returned, reaching Boston June 7, 1862.
Having rested for a time, September 21 he took charge of the Congre-
gational Church in Saxtons River for a year; was then settled as pastor
920 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of the Congregational Church in Feeding Hills, IMassachusetts, two years,
after which, October 1, 1865, he entered on an agency for the American
Missionary Association in New Hampshire and Vermont, an office which
he continued to hold, having his home in West Brattleboro, till 1884,
when he gave a year to collecting funds for Atlanta University. He then
took charge of a church in Sudbury, Vermont, for three years, or till
September, 1888.
Lydia Bates, youngest of twelve children of Deacon Phineas Bates,
was born in Springfield, Vermont, August 16, 1818. Descended from the
Lincolns of Lincolnshire, England, and John Rogers, the martyr, she
inherited an independence of thought and expression which she exercised
over eighty years. When a schoolgirl she was an anti-Mason, an aboli-
tionist and a teetotaler. Being given, by her father, a choice as to her
education, she studied in the district school of her native town and a
boarding school in Greenfield, Massachusetts, taught by a daughter of
Noah Webster. After this, two years were spent by her as governess in
the family of a wealthy Marylander, and then, desiring a higher educa-
tion, she went in 1843 to Mount Holyoke Seminary, of which Mary
Lyon was then principal.
In Zululand, for fifteen years, she was a helpmeet for her husband in
the truest sense. She made of their humble cottage a refined home, where
many guests of distinction were entertained : she learned the Zulu lan-
guage and came close to the natives in their every day life, teaching the
women and children, how to sew, how to cook, how to live decent lives,
besides conducting Sunday School classes and in every way assisting the
mission work.
She was a devoted student of botany and natural history, and a woman
of unusual general intelligence.
She died in West Brattleboro April 28, 1897. A son died in Natal.
Their daughter, Annie L. Grout, was born July 28, 1847, at Umlazi
Mission Station, in Natal, South Africa. Previou? to leaving Natal, as
she did, with her parents, March 13, 1862, for this country, she assisted
her mother in her school for the natives. Soon after reaching this country
she started on a course of study for a liberal education, entering Professor
Orcutt's Glenwood Seminary in the autumn of 1862 ; after which, in 1864,
she went to Mount Holyoke Seminary for two years; then returned to
Glenwood for two years more ; after which, in 1868, she went to Abbott
Academy, Massachusetts, where she graduated in 1870. In 1871 she
established a select boarding school, Belair Institute, in her father's house
in West Brattleboro. After four years of teaching here, being obliged
by the state of her mother's health to give up this school, she taught a
REV. LEWIS GROUT 921
year in Philadelphia, and then, in September, 1875, went to teach in
Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia. At the end of two years impaired
health compelled her to return home and rest. With health partially
restored she eventually resumed teaching again for a time, and took
a position as clerk in George E. Crowell's Household printing and pub-
lishing office. When this work was transferred to Boston, she went
with it and continued there, still serving as clerk, till the enterprise was
well established in its new quarters; after which she returned to her home
in West Brattleboro, where she devoted herself, in large measure, to those
nature studies in which she had begun to take a deep interest before she
left Natal. It was in the prosecution of these studies, on one of her
botanical rambles, that she discovered a fern, the "Asplenium trichomanes,
var. incisum," not before known to have been found in this country. She
was a member of the Vermont Botanical Club, and at its second annual
meeting in Burlington, in February, 1897, she read an essay on "Some
Ferns that Grow in Brattleboro," which was reported in the papers at
that time as "one of the most interesting and instructive of the many
valuable papers presented at the meeting."
Miss Grout made several large and choice herbariums, which, in accord
with a memorandum found among her effects after her decease, were
given to the Brattleboro High School, together with all her books and
pamphlets relating to the subject of botany. She was secretary and treas-
urer of the Bird Club from the time it was organized till her departure.
On the fourth of January, 1901, only a few months before her death. The
Vermont Phcenix published an article from her pen which gave a list of
more than one hundred and fifty Brattleboro birds. She was for many
years teacher in the Congregational Sunday school. She was collector
for the JMcIntosh School for colored people.
She died March 13, 1901.
John M. Grout, brother of Reverend Lewis, a business man of Boston,
was born in West Brattleboro; he married Sarah, daughter of Seth N.
Herrick. There was a daughter, Mary Grout, who died at Medford,
Massachusetts, in 1916, aged eighty-one.
A Partial List of Writings of Reverend Lewis Grout
The Isizulu : A Grammar of the Zulu Language, Svo. Natal : printed at
Umsunduzi and other places in Africa. London: Truber & Com-
pany, 1859.
History of the Zulu, and other Tribes, in and around Natal. Printed by
the Colonial Government for His Honor, the Lieutenant Governor.
• Natal, 1853.
922 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Reply to Bishop Colenso's Remarks on the Proper Treatment of Cases of
Polygamy as found existing in Converts from Heathenism. Pieter-
maritzburg, 1855.
An Answer to Dr. Colenso's "Letter" on Polygamy. Pietermaritzburg,
1856.
Zulu-Land; or Life among the Zulu Kafirs of Natal and Zulu-Land.
Philadelphia, 1864.
Translations of Psalms, Acts and other Portions of the Bible into the
Zulu Language. Natal.
Reminiscences of Life among the Zulu Kafirs : Boston Review, 1865.
Colenso on the Doctrines : Congregational Review, September, 1869.
Essay on the Zulu and other Dialects in South Africa : Journal of Ameri-
can Oriental Society, 1849.
Plan for Effecting a Uniform Orthography for the South African Dia-
lects : Journal of American Oriental Society, 1851.
Essay on the Phonology and Orthography of the Zulu and Kindred Dia-
lects of South Africa : American Oriental Society, 1853.
Observations on the Prepositions, Conjunctions and other Particles of
the Isizulu and its Cognate Languages : American Oriental Society,
1859.
The Church Membership of Baptised Children : Bibliotheca Sacra, April,
1871; and thirty-five others concerning Africa.
Several sermons preached on special occasions.
A Discourse on the Early History of the Congregational Church of West
Brattleboro.
A second Discourse, 1876.
The Olden Times of Brattleboro, April, 1899, etc., etc.
Reverend Allan D. Brown, LL.D.,
Commander, United States Navy (retired)
The Reverend Allan D. Brown, LL.D., Commander of the United
States Navy (retired), was the eldest child of Joshua Lawrence and Diana
(Osborne) Brown. He was born on September 3, 1843, in Batavia, New
York. His preliminary education was in public and private schools, one
of them being the noted rectory school in Hamden, Connecticut, a military
institution. He was appointed a midshipman from New York and entered
the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis September 23, 1863. He
COMMANDER ALLAN D. BROWN 923
was immediately appointed ensign, his first duty being on board the sloop-
of-\var Iroquois, then on blockade at Wilmington. In the spring the ship
was ordered to foreign waters and made an extended cruise to the English
Channel, the South American coast, the Cape of Good Hope and the
Dutch East Indies, returning in October, 1865, having covered forty-five
thousand miles in fifteen months. After a short leave he was ordered to
the Rhode Island, the flagship of the Home and West India stations, hav-
ing been promoted to master in the meantime. A year later he received his
promotion to lieutenant and was assigned as executive officer of the
Unadilla, a gunboat destined for the China station. During the cruise
the gunboat captured a Chinese pirate junk, and also visited Bangkok in
Siam, the first American man-of-war that had ever entered the river
Menam.
Returning to the United States by way of San Francisco in 1869, he
was detailed for duty at the Naval Academy, where he served as instructor
in mathematics for three years, having been promoted to lieutenant-com-
mander in 1868. At the expiration of this tour of duty, he was ordered
as navigating officer of the Omaha, serving on her a year on the Pacific
station, and was then transferred to the flagship. In September, 1873, he
was on shore duty at Panama for two weeks, protecting the property of
the Pacific Mail Steamship and Panama Railroad Companies, with a de-
tachment of officers and men from the ship, during one of the periodic
revolutions which were then the plague of that country. As a result of
this enforced sojourn on shore, the greater part of the officers and men
were stricken with Panama fever of a severe type, Lieutenant-Com-
mander Brown among the number. He served out his full cruise, how-
ever, and was relieved from duty while the ship was at Honolulu, whither
she had conveyed King Kalakaua after his visit to this country.
In 1876 he was a second time ordered to the Naval Academy, where he
was assigned as instructor in the department of astronomy, navigation
and surveying. April, 1879, while at Annapolis, he received a prize for a
thesis on "Naval Education for Officers and Men." He remained four
years, one of which he was at the head of the department. He received
his promotion to commander during this time. In the summer of 1880
he was on duty at the torpedo station in Newport, and in January, 1882,
was placed in command of the ship Jamestozvii, then at Mare Island
Navy Yard. His instructions were to bring his ship to Newport, where
she was to be put in the training service. The passage from the Golden
Gate to Block Island was made in one hundred and twelve days, without
sighting land in the meantime. For a year and a half he was engaged in
training apprentices, receiving an official letter of thanks from the Bureau
of Equipment upon his detachment in 1884. After a short time at the
934 ANNALS OF BR.\TTLEBORO
Naval Home in Philadelphia, he was ordered to the Naval Observatory in
Washington as assistant superintendent. His special charge was the
nautical department, including the time service. He was instrumental
in the establishment of time balls at several points along the Atlantic
cpast and in the extension of the time service to the railroads of the
country, being assigned to duty as the representative of the observatory
at the General Time Convention in New York in 18S7. He was the first
to urge upon the Western Union Telegraph Company the adoption of the
present system of distributing time. In the fall of 1888 a recent seizure
of American property in Hayti caused the president to direct a man-of-
war to be sent at once to Port au Prince. The only vessel available was
the historic Kearsarge, then at the navy yard at Portsmouth, New Hamp-
shire. Commander Brown was selected for this important service and
was given private orders to hasten the preparation of the ship for duty.
Thanks to the activity of his executive officer. Lieutenant Charles E. Bel-
knap, Commander Brown was enabled to leave the navy yard wharf on
the fourth day after the officers and men reported, three years' stores and
a full supply of coal having been taken on board. Eight days after the
hoisting of the pennant the ship was at Hampton Roads. In the meantime
another vessel, cruising in the West Indies, had been caught by cable and
sent to Hayti, and the orders of the Kearsarge were modified, she being
directed to take a relief crew to the Tallapoosa, then at Montevideo. This
commission was accomplished and the Kearsarge returned to Hampton
Roads in April, 1889.
During this trip the malaria, which had given Commander Brown the
Panama fever fifteen years before, and which had been intensified by four
years' service in Washington, showed its effects most plainly and by the ad-
vice of his surgeon, who had him "constantly under treatment," he applied
for a medical survey. He was detached from his command and granted
a year's leave of absence for recuperative purposes. A year later he was
ordered before the Retiring Board, who recommended a year's sick leave,
but with little avail, for in 1891 he was found still "incapacitated for duty"
and was recommended for retirement. He then came to Brattleboro to
reside permanently, as his physicians advised the New England climate.
Positive religious convictions were the determining influence through-
out his public career of service to his country, as in his private life, and
they led him finally' to become a candidate for orders (he was lay reader
from June to November, 1889) under Bishop Bissell, by whom he was
ordained deacon November 30, 1892, in St. Michael's Church, Brattleboro,
and assigned to Christ Church, Guilford, under the rector of St. Michael's.
He administered there until June, 1894, when he volunteered to go to
Barre to take charge of the mission there. He remained in that place two
L
COMMANDER ALLAN D. BROWN ,925
years, during which time the numbers of the mission were largely in-
creased and, by the help of Bishop Hall and the diocese at large, part of a
handsome stone church was erected. In June, 1895, he was advanced to
the priesthood in St. Paul's Church, Burlington, by Bishop Hall.
November 10, 1896, he was elected president of Norwich University
and was inaugurated December 8. He served until January, 1904, when,
owing to failing health, he resigned his office.
President Brown proved an efficient head of the University, his ad-
ministration being one of the most successful in its history. During his
term of office Dewey Hall was secured ; much needed land was purchased ;
the military department was more fully recognized by the United States
War Department ; the University was recognized by the state as its Mili-
tary College ; steps were taken to secure the Alumni Hall.
He contributed several professional articles to Harper's Magazine and
was the frequent contributor to the editorial pages of The Army and Navy
Journal. He won the gold medal of the United States Naval Institute
in the prize essay competition of 1879 on "Naval Education," and pre-
pared a paper for the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia on "The Elec-
trical Distribution of Time," which was republished in The Scientific
American as a valuable contribution to the literature of the subject.
Commander Brown married, December 29, 1863, Gertrude, daughter of
Honorable Royall and Laura (Keyes) Tyler of Brattleboro, who died
September 18, 1877, at Annapolis, Maryland.
Children :
Helen Tyler.
Ethel Ruth, born at Annapolis, Maryland ; married June 30, 1896,
Reverend George J. Sutherland of Drummondville, Province of
Quebec.
Mr. Sutherland had a college and divinity course at Bishop's Col-
lege, Lennoxville, Province of Quebec; was ordained in 1891; was
missionary in Labrador for two years ; rector in Northfield, Vermont,
Waynesville, North Carolina, and in Oxford, Connecticut. Children :
Allan Donald, born October 15, 1897 ; Margaret G., born November
9, 1898; died June 28, 1908; Dorothy E.
On October 20, 1880, he married Adeline Shannon, daughter of the
Honorable William Shannon and Elizabeth (Irwin) Peirce of Philadel-
phia. A son:
William Peirce, born November 19, 1888, was a student at Nor-
wich University ; graduated from the United States Naval Academy
in 1910, and was assigned to duty on the U. S. S. Vermont. He mar-
ried, March 11, 1914, Helen Percival, daughter of Omer A. Nel-
';936 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
son of Denver, Colorado, and was officer there at the recruiting sta-
tion for the navy, during the Great War.
Commander Brown died in Waynesville, North Carolina, April 3, 1904.
Francis W. Brooks
Francis W. Brooks was born in Boston May 14, 1821, during the resi-
dence of his parents in that city. In the following August the family
removed to Chesterfield, New Hampshire. In 1839, however, they took
up their residence in Brattleboro, and it was probably at about this time,
or a year or two before, that the boy "Frank" went to Putney, where he
was the active, efficient clerk of Mr. Pe}4on R. Chandler, later of Chicago.
After a few years spent at Putney, the young man went to New York
City as a clerk in the large mercantile house of Persse & Brooks. His
health, however, never robust, soon showed signs of breaking down and
he was sent by the firm on a voyage to Europe. Soon after his return
the firm showed their confidence in him by sending him, in the fall of
1844, to Alabama to settle a bankrupt estate in which they had a large
interest. The climate proved exactly suited to him. Here it was that he
first met Norman F. Cabot, the two becoming at that time, and remaining
through life, warm and intimate friends. In 1847 Mr. Brooks entered
into business with Mr. Cabot in the firm of Cabot, TuUis & Company, in
the city of Wetumpka. Three years later the firm was dissolved, although
Mr. Brooks remained there until 1852, when he came north, and soon
afterwards, in the same year, went to San Francisco and became a member
of the firm of George J. Brooks & Company, in the business house which
Mr. George J. Brooks had established there two years before.
Mr. Brooks made as frequent visits to the East as the transportation
facilities of that day would permit, and it was on one of these visits, on
June 20, 1855, that he was married to Matilda C, daughter of Floyd
Smith of New York. The death of one of their two sons took place
during the trying steamer voyage from Panama, while Mr. and Mrs.
Brooks were on their way back to the East in 1865, after the San Fran-
cisco business had been given up.
On his return to the Atlantic coast Mr. Brooks came to Brattleboro and
resided, living for some time in the Holbrook house on Linden Street,
and afterwards buying the Folsom estate on the Common, where the last
fifteen years of his life were spent in leisurely enjoyment of his domestic
life, which was of the happiest kind.
His fellow townsmen knew him as a genial, companionable man, inter-
ested in everything which concerned the community. Characteristics of
quick wit, keen insight, clean-cut ways and general good-fellowship were
all summed up in his personality. To his family he was all that a devoted
DAVID P. DEARBORN, M.D. 927
husband and father, with an honest pride in wife and children, could be.
He died February 6, 1885.
Children :
Katherine, born June 8, 1850 ; married September 25, 1883, Oscar Azor
Marshall, who died in 1893. (Seep. 974.) Children : Elizabeth G.,
Oscar B. She married, second, J. G. Ullery, born in 1864. Children :
Matilda, married October 18, 1916, Donald Pickering Trotter. Mrs.
Ullery died in Dresden, Saxony, June 29, 1906.
Matilda, married November 2, 1885, Francis G. Ryan, born September
28, 1856 ; died in California in 1898. Children : Alice Brooks, married
January 14, 1914, A. Stanley Partridge of Leicester, England; Eliza-
beth. Mrs. Ryan married, second, Horace Dudley, living in Santa
Monica, California, of which city Mr. Dudley is mayor.
Alice Mendon.
Mabel, born May 12, 1869; married September 5, 1889, Erwin Hoy,
born April 25, 1869 ; she died January, 1919, in Dresden, Saxony.
Doctor David P. Dearborn
Doctor David P. Dearborn, son of Reverend D. M. Dearborn, a Bap-
tist minister, was born in 1837 in Sanbornton, New Hampshire. His early
education was received in New Hampton, and he began the study of medi-
cine at Weare, New Hampshire, from which place he enlisted at the out-
break of the Civil War in the Fourth New Hampshire Regiment. He
served a term of four years as surgeon, and for a year afterwards was
health officer of the city of Raleigh, North Carolina. On his return to
the North he married Harriet S. White, daughter of Nathaniel White of
Concord, who survived him.
Doctor Dearborn settled in Brattleboro in 1865, and very soon found
himself in the enjoyment of a large medical practice, which grew con-
stantly. His rides covered not Brattleboro alone, but all the surrounding
towns.
"Doctor Dearborn gave himself to the welfare of his patients, sparing
no item of his strength. He learned the lesson that the good physician
soon learns — that he doesn't belong to himself. He belonged to this town
and a wide region round about. The needs of people were his imperative
orders. He never disobeyed, and his sympathetic qualities were such as
won for him a faithful following in the families he" visited." He died
April 2, 1888.
Children :
Minnie A., married October 5, 1892, Linn D. Taylor. A son, Brainerd
D. Taylor.
928 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Harriet G., married November 3, 1891, Charles A. Smith; married,
second, L. J. Daniels.
Charles E., chief engineer of Davenport, Rock Island & Northwestern
Railroad; married Miss Bessie Bennett. Children: Gordon Bennett,
Allen Bennett, Charles.
Henry Dwight Holton, A.M., M.D.
Henry Dwight Holton, A.M., M.D., was born in Rockingham, Vermont,
July 24, 1838, and from 1867 was a resident and a most prominent and
public-spirited citizen of Brattleboro. He was a son of Elihu Dwight
and Nancy (Grout) Holton, for many years residents of the village of
Saxtons River in the town of Rockingham.
A predilection for the study of medicine led him to adopt that profes-
sion upon completing his English education, which was obtained in the
local public schools and the academy of his native village. He also studied
under Doctor J. H. Warren of Boston, and later under Valentine Mott of
New York. Pursuing the regular course in the medical department of
the University of New York, he was graduated in 1860 with the degree
of Doctor of Medicine. His earliest practice was as physician to the
Williamsburg (now part of Greater New York) Dispensary. Drawn
back to his native state by ties of affection as well as of interest, he estab-
lished himself in practice at Putney, whence, in 1867, he removed to
Brattleboro.
Quite early in his career he was chosen a member of the Connecticut
River Medical Association, and, after serving five years as its secretary,
was elected its president in 1867. He joined the Vermont Medical Society
in 1861, and twelve years later was honored with its presidency. In 1864,
as a young physician and surgeon of prominence, he was elected a member
of the American Medical Association. This highly representative body
sent him, in 1875, as a delegate to the International Medical Congress at
Brussels, and in 1900 elected him to the office of vice-president.
In 1873 Doctor Holton was called to the chair of materia medica and
general pathology in the medical department of the University of Ver-
mont. When he entered upon the duties of this professorship the medical
class numbered but forty students. After thirteen years of assiduous and
single-hearted labor in the building up of this medical school, having had
the cordial cooperation of Professor James INI. Little of New York, and
that of other distinguished medical men. Doctor Holton resigned his pro-
fessorship. During his connection with the school its classes had steadily
increased in number, and at the time of his retirement two hundred and
sixty students were enrolled. More than thirteen hundred matriculants
HENRY DWIGHT HOLTON, M.D. 929
had pursued their studies successfully and had been graduated with the
degree of Doctor of Medicine within this period.
Elected by the State Legislature, in 1873, a trustee of the University of
Vermont and State Agricultural College, he was retained in this office by
successive reelections for a period of eighteen years. In the year men-
tioned he was also appointed medical examiner to the Vermont Asylum
for the Insane. For twenty-five years he was a member of the school
board of Brattleboro, serving as its chairman during fifteen years. He
also served as a trustee of the Brooks Library.
A Republican in politics, Doctor Holton was elected to the Vermont
Senate in 1884, and as chairman of the committee on education labored
zealously in behalf of the schools and colleges of the state. While in the
Senate he served also as chairman of the committee on the Insane Asylum,
and as a member of the joint committee on the House of Correction. In
1888 he was elected representative from Brattleboro to the Vermont Gen-
eral Assembly, and served on the committees on education, ways and
means, and public health. In 1892 Doctor Holton was appointed com-
missioner from Vermont to the Nicaragua Canal Convention, held in
New Orleans ; and in the same year he was elected treasurer of the Ameri-
can Public Health Association at the meeting held in the city of Mexico.
In the following year he was named one of the Vermont commissioners of
the Columbian Exposition. He was active in the organization of the
Pan-American Congress, which met in Washington in 1893. As chairman
of the executive committee and president of its board of trustees, he had
a leading part in shaping and carrying out the work of the Congress.
Doctor Holton was a delegate at large from Vermont to the National
Republican Convention at St. Louis in June, 1896, which nominated
President McKinley, and was active in the campaign which secured his
election.
He was a director of the Vermont National Bank of Brattleboro from
1881 ; and president of the Brattleboro Gaslight Company from 1883. He
was president of the Brattleboro Home for the Aged and Disabled. He
was a member of the Boston Gynecological Society ; of the Rocky Moun-
tain Medical Society; of the Vermont State Board of Health; of the
British Medical Society; of the American Association for Advancement
of Science; of the American Academy of Medicine; an honorary member
of the Maine Academy of Medicine ; member of the executive committee
of the New England Education League; and member of the executive
committee of the American Invalid Aid Society. In 1897 he was made
president of the board of trustees of Leland and Gray Seminary at Towns-
hend, Vermont, an endowed institution in which both sexes are prepared
#30 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
for college. A later appointment was that of commissioner to the Mexico
National Exposition of Mechanical Arts, held in the city of Mexico.
Numerous and important as were Doctor Holton's other activities, by
far his most valuable work was as secretary of the Vermont State Board
of Health. In 1873, while president of the Vermont Medical Society, he
advocated a state board of health. In accordance with his suggestion a
committee of three physicians, of whom he was one, was appointed to lay
the plan before the Legislature. Not until 1886, however, did the. idea
become a law. Ten years later Doctor Holton was appointed a member
of the state board, and from 1900 to 1912 he held the position of secretary
and executive officer. He resigned this office in October, 1912. but re-
mained on the board and received a reappointment in 1915.
When the Austine Institution for the education of the deaf and blind
of the state was founded and established in Brattleboro, which he was
largely instrumental in securing, Doctor Holton was elected its president,
and he held that office at the time of his death.
In 1880 he published "The Posological Tablet," a compact pocket vol-
ume, now in its second edition, which contains the doses of all well-known
remedies by both the apothecaries' and metric systems, and antidotes for
poisons. This was probably the first work in which the two standards
were presented together. Cases in practice were published by him from
time to time in various medical journals. Some of his published addresses
and articles are: "Medical Legislation," the president's address before
the Vermont Medical Society; "Bacteria of Enteric Fever," delivered by
invitation before the Virginia Medical Society; "Obituary of Doctor
Joseph Draper"; "Oration on State Medicine" (by election), before the
American Medical Association ; "Progress of Medicine" ; "Diphtheria as it
has occurred in the United States" ; "A new Apparatus for Retaining a
Dislocated Clavicle in Place" ; "Cancer" ; "Causes and Prevention of
Tuberculosis," the president's address at the American Congress on
Tuberculosis, New York, June 2, 1902 ; and "Problems in Sanitation,"
presidential address before the American Public Health Association, New
Orleans, December 9, 1902.
The University of Vermont conferred upon him, in 1881, the hon-
orary degree of Master of Arts. His "Address on State Medicine," de-
livered before the American Medical Association at Baltimore in May,
1895, is one of the ablest presentations of this subject ever made, and
abounds in valuable suggestions.
Doctor Holton was a deacon of the First Baptist Church and had been
president of the Vermont Baptist State Convention. He rendered his
home church valuable service, and for many years he taught a large and
EAST SIDE OF MAIN STREET
EAST SIDE OF M.UN STREET
SOUTH MAIN STREET LOOKING NORTH
MAIN STREET LOOKING NORTH
CHARLES N. DAVENPORT 931
interested class of men in the Bible school. He was a charter member
of Brattleboro Lodge, F. and A. M., and was its treasurer several years.
He was president of the Vermont Branch of the American Red Cross
Society, surgeon of the Sons of Colonial Wars and member of the Ver-
mont Society of Sons of the American Revolution, serving as president of
the last-named organization in 1906.
Doctor Holton was married November 19, 1863, to Ellen, eldest daugh-
ter of Theophilus and Mary Damon (Chandler) Hoit of Saxtons River,
Vermont, who died May 14, 1909. He died February 13, 1917.
Edith, an adopted daughter, married April 35, 1889, Clifton L. Sher-
man. Children: Ellen, married Sanford B. Perkins; Dorothy, married
T. E. Lommen.
Charles N. Dav-enport
Calvin M. Davenport, a native of Leyden, Massachusetts, where he was
a farmer and dealer in cattle, married Miss Lucy W. White ; they had nine
children, of whom three died in infancy. Their sons were:
George W. Davenport, born in Leyden, educated at Powers Institute,
Bernardston ; admitted to the bar in 1865, practiced law in Brattleboro and
was for three years in partnership with his brother, Charles N.
Edgar H. Davenport, married November 13, 1873, Emily E., daughter
of Benjamin L. Barnard of Wilmington. Their daughter, Clara A., mar-
ried Reverend E. Stacy Harrison of Orange, Massachusets, son of Doctor
and Mrs. J. East Harrison, whose first pastorate was in the Baptist
Church, West Brattleboro.
Charles N. Davenport was born in Leyden October 20, 1830, and died
in Brattleboro April 13, 1882. He was educated in the common schools
of his native town, at the Shelburne Falls Academy, and at the Melrose
Seminary in West Brattleboro. He entered the law office of Honorable
Oscar L. Shafter of Wilmington, Vermont, as a student March 10, 1851,
and was admitted to the bar April, 1851. He immediately formed a co-
partnership with Mr. Shafter, which continued until November 10, 1855,
when the latter removed to California. Mr. Davenport continued to prac-
tice in Wilmington until 1868 when he moved to Brattleboro; while there
he was partner of Colonel Kittredge Haskins, 1858-1861. In 1875 he took
as partner Jonathan G. Eddy, and this partnership lasted until January 1,
1883, when, on account of ill health, he disposed of his practice to James
L. Martin.
Mr. Davenport married December 13, 1854, Miss Louisa C. Haynes of
Lowell who bore him six children, four of whom died young. Mrs.
Davenport died September 30, 1870, aged forty-one.
His son, Charles H., was editor of The Windham County Reformer.
938 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He married, first, November 30, 1877, Eva Bowker of Williamsville ; she
died February 5, 1878, in her twrenty-second year, and he married, second,
June 17, 1884, Miss Annie Laughton of Biddeford, Maine, born in Dover,
New Hampshire, February 1, 1848. Her father, Eben Laughton, built the
first telegraph lines in New England. In her girlhood Mrs. Davenport was
a telegraph operator. She was supervisor at the Brattleboro Retreat under
Doctor Rockwell and Doctor Draper and filled a similar position in
Worcester and at Bloomingdale. In 1880 she entered the office of The
Windham County Reformer as bookkeeper, where she met Mr. Davenport.
She was a woman of literary ability, and efficient in much that was for the
good of the community, being secretary and treasurer of the Home for
the Aged and Disabled, and active in the Sunshine movement. She died
in June, 1905.
Children :
Louisa.
Charles Holton, born April 6, 1892 ; he was admitted to the bar Febru-
ary 23, 1915 ; is on the staff of The Worcester Evening Post; married
Dorothy, daughter of Charles Manley Day of Worcester, Massachu-
setts.
Jeannette, married May 22, 1916, Earl Clifton Monroe of Albany, New
York.
Herbert Joseph Davenport, from 1886-1889 of the firm Eddy (Jona-
than G.) & Davenport, real estate, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, studied
two years in Paris from 1889 ; he has been a professor of economics in
the University of Chicago, is now a professor at Cornell, and is the author
of an elementary textbook on Economics, entitled, "Outlines of Economic
Theory," published in 1896, and also of "Value and Distribution," a
critical and constructive study. He was at one time principal of the Sioux
Falls High School. He married January 6, 1911, Miss Harriet Crandall.
Children: Martin W., born March 31, 1913; John B., born September
15, 1914.
Charles N. Davenport married, second, Mrs. Roxanna Dunklee, born
in 1833; died May 22, 1881. A daughter: Mabel Davenport.
The Childs Family
Benjamin Childs of Roxbury, Massachusetts, was the first ancestor in
this country of Major Jonathan Childs, who was born in Hardwick,
Massachusetts. He left Massachusetts when quite young and settled in
Wilmington, Vermont. A true patriot, he took a most decisive and effi-
cient stand for the liberties of the American colonies; He died July 31,
1819.
Adna B. Childs, fourth son of Major Jonathan Childs, was born in
CHILDS FAMILY 933
Wilmington February 3, 1799 ; married March 19, 1826, Hannah Lamb,
daughter of Major Jonathan and Hannah Hoyt Lamb.
He was the first merchant of the village, a prominent Freemason for
fifty-three years, postmaster under every Democratic administration, be-
ginning with President Jackson, holding the office twenty-four years. He
was one of the original founders of the Universalist Church. Mrs. Childs
died August 28, 1870. He died January 8, 1874.
There were twelve children. Of these the eldest:
John Murdock, was born April 16, 1827 ; married, November 20, 1849,
Miss Martha A. Winchester. Their son:
Walter Henry Childs, born August 5, 1852, lived in Brattleboro
and was in the employ of the Estey Organ Company as bookkeeper
from 1869 to 1904. He married May 1, 1875, Clara Davis, daugh-
ter of John G. and Sarah L. Rice Davis, who died January 16,
1899. He died March 2, 1906. Children :
Charles F., born February, 1876; graduate of Yale, 1899; of C. F.
Childs & Company, Chicago ; married Miss Edith Newell of
Chicago.
George A., born March 29, 1881 ; graduated from Yale Scientific
School.
Millie, married E. S. Adsit of Burlington, Vermont.
Helen, married John E. Clary. Son : George Louis Clary.
Others of that generation who have lived in Brattleboro or spent much
time here are :
Asaph Parmalee, born June 10, 1840 ; married July 8, 1893, Miss
Sarah Cady, who died ; married, second, 1898, Mrs. Clara Stone
Sherman, born July 30, 1855, died .
Esther Maria, born March 9, 1843; married July 1, 1860, Kittredge
Haskins; died January 15, 1912.
RoLLiN Skinner, born October 11, 1845; married May 2, 1872, Julia
A. Esterbrook, daughter of George W. and Ann G. Esterbrook, born
September 1, 1847, died in January, 1908. He was with his brother,
A. P., in insurance before coming to Brattleboro, having been an
agent for the New York Life Insurance Company more than forty
years. .
Sarah Martha, born August 13, 1847; married February 11, 1876,
Charles D. Kidder of Springfield, Massachusetts. A daughter:
Charlotte (Kidder) Kent, the pianiste, received her first instruction
on the pianoforte from Mrs. A. D. Wyatt of Brattleboro. She
afterwards spent two years of study in Paris with Harold Bauer
and six in Vienna, appearing in concerts in Austria, Hungary and
Bohemia.
934 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Frederick Willard^ born September 16, 1849 ; married January 8,
1878, Miss Emma Maria Fullerton. Their daughter :
Ruth Wentworth, married November 25, 1918, Ernest Clifton Young.
Arthur Winchester, born March 29, 1859 ; married Miss Agnes Ade-
laide Tomes. They lived in Brattleboro for many years, but finally
moved to Manchester, New Hampshire. Children :
Walter, born April 5, 1888; graduated from Dartmouth College,
1913; Helen Louise; Randall, graduated from Dartmouth College.
Major Frederick W. Childs was born in Wilmington September 16,
1849. At sixteen he came to Brattleboro as a student in the Burnside
Military Academy. He afterwards attended the Brattleboro High School
and Williston Seminary at Easthampton. In the winter of 1869-1870 he
served as railway postal clerk for Gustavus Hoyt between Shelburne Falls
and Fitchburg. The following spring Captain R. W. Clarke appointed
him a clerk in the Brattleboro post office, a position which he filled for
several years and in which his activity, efficiency and agreeable manners
won him the good will of the patrons of the office. He finally resigned
this position, entered the insurance business in partnership with T. J. B.
Cudworth and continued there until 1886, when, in accordance with the
wishes of a very large majority of the local public, President Cleveland
gave him his first appointment as postmaster. It was at a time when the
postal service was rapidly developing and new methods were being adopted.
Mr. Childs was quick to appreciate the public needs and to see the possi-
bilities of the service, and he had a quiet but effective way of urging upon
the officials in charge of the department the improved facilities which he
desired to secure. In this way the improvement in the local service be-
came very marked, and at the expiration of his term a majority of Brat-
tleboro Republicans asked President Harrison for his reappointment,
which was granted, and was counted a triumph for the principle of civil
service reform. He was appointed for a third term by President Cleveland
on petition of his townspeople.
When Mr. Childs began his clerkship at the Brattleboro office he was
the only clerk employed, C. H. Mansur, afterwards postmaster, being
assistant, and the two doing the bulk of the work under Captain Clarke's
supervision, whose service as postmaster covered twelve years.
Major Childs has seen an extended term of service in the state militia,
having been elected a lieutenant in the Estey Guard in 1876 under Captain,
later General, Julius J. Estey. He was subsequently elected captain of the
company and held this position until 1892, when he resigned and was com-
missioned a major and placed on the retired list under the new law of the
state, as a recognition of his long term of faithful service. In addition to
DR. WILLIAM H. ROCKWELL, JUNIOR 935
his military service Major Childs has served on the board of listers for
three years and is an incorporator of the Vermont Savings Bank, as wrell
as of the Wilmington Savings Bank, of which his father was the presi-
dent. He was the local correspondent of The Springfield Republican for
thirty years, as well as the representative of the Associated Press.
He has also been clerk of the war claims committee of the National
House of Representatives, and later was clerk of the Philippine commis-
sion. He is the only Vermont member of the Ancient and Honorable
Artillery Company of Boston, and during the memorable trip to England,
when the organization was entertained by Queen Victoria and King
Edward, then Prince of Wales, he was in command of the color company.
For thirty years he has been with R. S. Childs in the insurance business.
He built the Childs Tavern in Wilmington and gave the town the
Memorial Hall.
Doctor William H. Rockwell, Junior
Doctor William H. Rockwell, Junior, was born March 3, 1840, attended
the village schools and afterwards the Brattleborough Academy. He was
educated for his profession at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in New York, where he graduated in 1862. He then entered the office of
Doctor Willard Parker in New York. It was the young doctor's inten-
tion and wish to continue in general practice, but his father required his
services, and he accepted the position of assistant physician at the asylum
in 1863, holding it until 1874. At his father's death he was appointed
superintendent, accepting the position on condition that the trustees
should as soon as practicable find another man for the place. Accordingly
Doctor Joseph Draper, who had previously been assistant here five years,
but was then in charge of the asylum in Trenton, New Jersey, was made
superintendent. Doctor Rockwell became a trustee in 1874 and continued
in that office until his death. He married June 16, 1864, Ellen E. Mowe,
daughter of Robert Mowe of Eastport, Maine.
In 1878 he represented Brattleboro in the Legislature, serving on im-
portant committees. He was a man of a noble heart, loyal to his friends,
and generous to everyone.
He was elected a director of the Vermont National Bank in January,
1870, and vice-president in 1874, thus serving the board fourteen years.
Doctor Rockwell died October 20, 1911. Children :
Doctor William H., Ill, born September 21, 1867; married Miss Mary
J. W. Haight.
Charles Farnam, born July 10, 1869, enlisted for the war with Spain
in 1896, and died in Cuba, 1897.
Alice, married Arthur H. Smith of New York, and has two sons.
936 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Miss Helen French
Principal of Mount Holyoke Seminary
Nathaniel French was born in Billerica, Massachusetts, February 2,
1720, and died June 8, 1801.
The French family in 1769 resided in Fort Dummer, and the name of
Nathaniel French appears in the Brattleboro census of 1771. In 1784 his
house was the most northeastern dwelling in the town. He was the father
of William, who was shot in the "Westminster Massacre." ' Four genera-
tions of the French family have lived on his farm.
Asa French bought of Samuel Stoddard, in 1795, land on which may
still be seen remnants of old growth pines in a stump fence on each side
of the road to Norcross Ferry, near the river. He died October 16, 1839,
aged seventy-nine. Marcy, his wife, died June 20, 1847, in the eighty-
seventh year of her age.
Their son :
Chester, born January 14, 1805, died April 4, 1872. He married, first,
November 26, 1828, Miss Polly Cobleigh, born November 14, 1802;
she died August 14, 1840. He married, second, April 11, 1814, Miss
Mary Foster. Children :
Foster F., died March 10, 1888, aged fifty-eight; his wife, Mary B.,
died April 10, 1851, aged twenty. He married, second, July 28,
1852, Miss Sophia S. Doolittle of Vernon.
Helen M. French was born November 25, 1832; she graduated from
Mount Holyoke Seminary in 1857 ; was elected principal June 27,
1867, after teaching at the Seminary from her graduation.
During her leadership in that Seminary a debt of $25,000 was
paid on the gymnasium and a new library built. Miss French was
compelled, on account of ill health, to be absent in 1870-1871, and
was obliged to resign in 1872 for the same reason. She was a
woman of personal grace as well as ability.
She married, 1872, Lemuel Gulliver, a cashier in Boston, and
lived in Somerville, Massachusetts. She died August 14, 1909. A
bronze tablet in memory of Mrs. Helen French Gulliver was
erected in Mary Lyon Chapel, Mount Holyoke Seminary, by the
class of 1857, of which she was a member, and it bears the follow-
ing inscription: "In loving memory of Helen French Gulliver,
1832-1909, apt student, skillful teacher, wise principal in this col-
lege 1854-1872, consecrated and beloved. Erected in 1909 by her
class of 1857."
Mary J., wife of George D. INIorse, born October 6, 1838, died Feb-
ruary 18, 1869.
SALLY JOY WHITE 937
"Sally Joy White"
Sarah Elizabeth Joy was the daughter of Samuel S. and Rhoda Joy.
Mrs. Joy was a granddaughter of the poet, Silas Ballou, and grand-
niece of Hosea Ballou, the great Universalist leader. She married Sam-
uel Sargent Joy of Brattleboro, and their entire married life was spent in
this town. They lived first on Main Street, where the Library now stands,
later on Walnut Street in the house owned for many years by Barna A.
Clark, and afterwards in West Brattleboro. Mr. Joy died in 1865, and
for several years thereafter Mrs. Joy continued to live in Brattleboro, but
in 1873 she married Abel Hammond of Winchester, New Hampshire,
whose death occurred in 1876. She remained in Winchester until the
spring of 1898, when she went to the home of her only daughter, Mrs.
White, in Dedham, Massachusetts.
Sarah Elizabeth graduated at Glenwood Seminary in 1865 and soon
after entered Loring's Circulating Library. In 1869 she was assigned to
report on the suflFrage campaign for The Boston Post, and held a position
on that paper for four years. She was the first woman journalist to have
a position on a Boston paper. From her maternal great-grandfather
down, there were journalists in the family: her great-uncle, Nathan Sar-
gent, under the nom de plume "Oliver Oldschool," being the first Wash-
ington correspondent.
She married, June, 1874, Henry K. White, an amateur musician.
Shortly after this marriage she returned to journalistic work on The
Boston Advertiser. For ten years before 1885 she had a position on the
staff of The Boston Herald, and was a frequent contributor to the maga-
zines. She was president of the New England Woman's Press Associa-
tion. The last part of her life her home was in Dedham, Massachusetts,
where she died. Her two daughters are : Mrs. Granville Darling, Mrs.
Chester Pratt.
Madame Georgianna Mondan
Madame Georgianna Mondan was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. H.
Freeman of Keene, New Hampshire.
A natural student and very ambitious, she became when in her teens
a governess in a Virginia family, and later taught in Norwich, Connecticut.
She studied music with Moscheles, in Leipsic, and was a graduate of
the Leipsic conservatorium. She married Monsieur Camille Mondan, a
journalist of Paris. He died four years later, and she edited his journal
for some time, but finally returned to this country and for several years
from 1877 lived with her brother-in-law, O. L. FVench, after the death of
938 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
his wife and for the purpose of caring for his son. She taught French,
German and music to a large number of pupils in Brattleboro.
Leaving Brattleboro in August, 1883, she became the head of St.
Catharine's Hall, Augusta, Maine, and for years previous to her death
in 1904 she was the teacher of languages in the Bridgeport, Connecticut,
High School.
While in Brattleboro she assisted the editor of The Phctnix on special
occasions when her wit and gift of expression were of value to the public.
She was the editor of a small sheet called The Blunderbuss, published
for a Fourth of July celebration, which was made a feature of the political
campaign of that year in the local field.
Franklin H. Sawyer
Franklin H. Sawyer was born in Newfane in 1815 and lived in that
village, engaging in mercantile pursuits until 1869,^ when he moved to
Brattleboro. He was highly esteemed for his enterprise, correct business
habits and nice sense of honor.
He married in July, 1S41, Nancy Taft, daughter of Nathaniel and
Olive Willard Taft of Dummerston, a woman of cultivated mind, whose
home was made the headquarters of aid for the soldiers during the Civil
War, by her untiring solicitude and energy.
Mr. Sawyer was for ten years a director in the First National Bank
of Brattleboro, and treasurer of the Northfield Life Insurance Company.
He lived, on coming to Brattleboro, in the Keyes house on North Street,
but purchased the Barber place on the same street in 1871. Mr. Sawyer
died December 27, 1871, aged fifty-six. Mrs. Sawyer died January 12,
1892, aged seventy.
Children :
Florence, died February 6, 1918. (See p. 668.)
Evelyn, married May 14, 1875, Doctor Charles E. Severance, born in
Leyden, Massachusetts, August 7, 1834, son of Chester and Martha
(Smith) Severance; after an education in the public schools and two
academies of his native state, he took a full course in the College of
Physicians and Surgeons, New York, graduating in 1856, did postgradu-
ate work there, and spent a year in London, Dublin and Paris in further
preparation for his medical career. From 1861 to 1865 he practiced in
Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts, and was rated one of the best surgeons in
that state. In 1888 he came to Brattleboro, broken in health, but in two
years opened an office in Williston Block. He died June 23, 1907.
iBirchard (Honorable Austin) & Sawyer, 1841-1850; Sawyer & Miller, 1850-
1853 ; Sawyer & Smith, 1853-1858 ; F. H. Sawyer to 1869.
MARY E. WILKINS 939
A son, Reverend Kendall Severance, of Pyramid Lake, Nevada; rector
of St. Paul's, Kenton, Ohio, 1914 ; canon of the Cathedral of SS.
Peter and Paul, Chicago.
Mrs. Severance removed from Brattleboro to follow the fortunes of
Reverend Kendall Severance.
Mary E. Wilkins
Mary E. Wilkins was the daughter of Warren E. and Ellen L. Wilkins
of Randolph, Massachusetts, where her father was an architect. She
was born in Randolph January 7, 1852, and was educated there and at
Mount Holyoke Seminary. Her parents moved to Brattleboro, and Mr.
Wilkins had a dry goods store in this town with Orrin Slate — the firm
being Slate & Wilkins — from 1870 to 1873. A very gifted sister, Anna
H., died here May 27, 1876, aged seventeen. Her mother died December
9, 1880, aged fifty-three. Her father died in Gainesville, Florida, where
he had gone in search of health, April 10, 1883, aged fifty.
She began when very young to write verses and short stories which she
carried to Reverend George Leon Walker for advice and correction. His
encouragement led to her first publications in magazines and journals
of the day, and in 1886 to publishing in book form the story, "A Humble
Romance"; this was followed in 1887 by "A New England Nun."
Young Lucretia was published in 1891; Jane Field, 1892; Giles Corey,
1893 ; Pembroke, 1894. Other publications are : Madelon, Jerome, Si-
lenel, Evelina's Garden, The Jamesons, The Love of Parson Lord, The
Heart's Highway, The Portion of Labor, Understudies.
Miss Wilkins left Brattleboro on the death of her parents to be among
. relatives, returning occasionally for several years.. As a girl, the delicate
beauty of her features and wealth of golden hair were very effective in
the part of angel always assigned to her when tableaux were a feature of
amateur theatricals in vogue. She was very shy and reserved and made
only intimate friends.
Speaking of his children to a friend, Mr. Wilkins has been quoted as
saying that his daughter Annie was a good musician and would be able
to take care of herself, but, as Mary had no talent, he did not know what
she would do to make a living.
She married, January 1, 1902, Doctor Charles M. Freeman of Me-
tuchen. New Jersey, where she has since lived.
She has continued to write: Six Trees, 1903; The Wind in the Rose
Bush, 1903; The Givers, 1904; Doc. Gordon, 1906; By the Light of the
Soul, 1907.
MO ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Lieutenant-Commander George W. Tyler
Lieutenant-Commander George W. Tyler was born in New Haven,
Connecticut, November 2, 1847, the youngest child of Reverend Edward
and Sarah Boardman Tyler. His early education was received in New
Haven ; in 1864 he was appointed to the Naval Academy, where he grad-
uated with credit in the large class of 1868. Subsequently he served in
various grades, his record of promotion being as follows: to rank of
ensign, April 19, 1869; of master, July 12, 1870; of lieutenant, April 18,
1873 ; of lieutenant-commander, July 31, 1894. His sea service was
fourteen years, and his waiting orders two years. That his work was ap-
preciated at the navy department was shown by the considerate treatment
which he received during the last two years of his life, for the greater part
of which he was kept "on duty" in the war records office, which is under
the direct supervision of the secretary, though unable to do more than
occasional work therein ; the general practice in such cases being to place
officers on sick leave, with reduction of pay.
His sea service was of a varied and extensive character, the vessels to
which he was from time to time attached being in the European, Asiatic,
Pacific and North Atlantic squadrons respectively. His last cruise was as
navigator of the Mohican on the Pacific station, whence he returned to
Brattleboro in November, 1891. During the last year of the cruise he was
for the first time in his twenty-six years' service on the sick list, having
been attacked with grippe, from the effects of which he never wholly
recovered. He was for three years attached to the coast survey and
passed two tours, or seven years of his shore duty, as instructor at the
Naval Academy. He spent the winter of 1891-1892 in Brattleboro, having
been assigned to special duty in the war records office, the work then
being of such a character that it could be performed at home. In the
summer of 1892 he moved to Washington, where two years later the ill-
ness that proved fatal began to develop.
He married April 19, 1872, Florence Brown, sister of Commander
Allan D. Brown, and daughter of Honorable Joshua Lawrence Brown of
Batavia, New York, whose widow had become the wife of Reverend
Thomas P. Tyler, D.D., and from that time he considered the Tyler Street
house in Brattleboro as his home. A daughter, Faith.
He died February 17, 1896, at the Naval Hospital, Washington, District
of Columbia.
Newton Isaac Hawley
Newton Isaac Hawley was the son of Isaac, who died at Homer, New
York, November 5, 1855, at the age of seventy-six years, and Persis Ball
Hawley. He was born in Hadley, Massachusetts, January 10, 1841. His
NEWTON I. HAWLEY
PARK HOUSE
OVERAXl. FACTORY
Cnnal Slraet School Du
CANAL STREET SCHOOL HOUSE
^5^^
'■ 9
AUDITORIDM
NEWTON ISAAC HAWLEY 941
parents moved to Homer about 1851, and he attended school at the Homer
Academy. At sixteen he became a clerk in a dry goods store in Homer.
He enlisted early, April 30, 18G1, for service in the war, but was honor-
ably discharged on account of inflammatory rheumatism, in July, when he
returned to Homer and was employed in the dry goods store of Price &
Wheeler in Syracuse, New York. During the closing two or three years
of the war he was in General Meigs's Bureau of the War Department
in Washington.
He married September 6, 1866, Miss Frances M. AIcKnight of Spring-
field, Massachusetts. In 1867 they moved to Springfield and he became
a partner in the dry goods firm, W. H. McKnight & Company, afterwards
McKnight, Norton & Hawley. He was active in public affairs in Spring-
field and in 1876-1877 was alderman of ward five. The failure of Mc-
Knight, Norton & Hawley caused him to move to Brattleboro in 1877,
where he again entered into the dry goods business.
Mr. Hawley, awake to the signs of changing times, introduced to Brat-
tleboro the "ready-made" in women's attire ; when a great variety of effec-
tive but inexpensive costumes and novelties began to make their appear-
ance in Mr. Hawley 's capacious show windows, it seemed a departure
from former ways too radical to be endorsed by a town as conservative as
Brattleboro claimed to be. He was also the first to make a department
for a special line of goods.
Business as a means of livelihood was conducted by Mr. Hawley on
original and progressive lines which were an indication of the time and
thought given to it, but his leisure was devoted to the cultivation of tastes
that expressed the scope and quality of a nature ever seeking the best in
people, in books, in music, in nature.
He appreciated good literary work, read extensively, and was a wel-
come visitor of the Authors' Club, New York. His friendships were
enthusiastic and enduring; his citizenship was of the same character. No
one called on strangers as consistently as he, or remembered the obscure
and unfortunate with his courtesy. There was always an open door to
his house and heart. It is for his social traits, human sympathy and hos-
pitality that Mr. Hawley will be longest remembered in Brattleboro.
The Village Improvement Society was started by him ; he was the first
president and for some time directed its operations. The coaching
parades of the Valley Fair were often of his planning.
An aflfection of the heart, the sequence of exposure during the Civil
War, terminated his Hfe May 7, 1904.
Children :
Grace, married July 2, 1889, George L. Dunham, born in Paris, Maine,
who, at eighteen, graduated from Hebron Academy at the head of his
H2 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
class. He graduated from Colby College in 1882, again at the head of
his class, having worked his way through college. He became prin-
cipal of Paris Academy, and later, for three years, was at the head
of the classical department of the Portland High School, during
which time Colby College conferred upon him the degree M.A.
On July 1, 1885, Mr. Dunham came to Brattleboro to engage in
the shoe business with his brother, Charles, under the firm name of
Dunham Brothers. For the first ten years their business was prin-
cipally retail. Then they began to furnish shoes and rubbers for the
small dealers about the country. L. L. Dunham became a member
of the firm and the business was incorporated under the firm name
of The Dunham Brothers Company, with George L. Dunham, presi-
dent, C. W. Dunham, treasurer, and L. L. Dunham, secretary.
The amount of business transacted by this firm has not only made
it one of the most important business enterprises in the history of the
town, but they are also the largest wholesale rubber jobbers in the
world. Children :
Evelyn Marion, married March 11, 1918, Harold E. Mason of
Worcester, Massachusetts.
Marion, born in Boston March 2, 1899 ; died June 14, 1912.
Ruth M., married June 13, 1899, Lewis Morse, Junior, of Philadelphia.
They have a daughter, Marion.
Joseph Draper, M.D.
Doctor Joseph Draper was born in Warwick, Massachusetts, February
16, 1834.
He grew up as a farmer's boy among the Warwick Hills where his
father Ira had lived, was- educated at the common schools, and studied
further at the Academy in West Brattleboro, and in Deerfield. He also
studied medicine with Doctor James Deane of Greenfield ; attended lec-
tures in New York ; took a course in Jefferson Medical College, Philadel-
phia, graduating in 1858. He practiced in Northfield, Vermont, but went
to Greenfield on the death of Doctor Deane. There he became interested
in the care of the insane, which led to his coming to Brattleboro to study
insanity, October, 1859. He was made assistant to Doctor Rockwell until
1865, but left the Asylum to become assistant surgeon at the military
hospital in Brattleboro.
He was assistant at the Insane Hospital in Worcester and superintend-
ent for the year 1870. From there he went as assistant to the New Jersey
Asylum. In 1873 he returned to Brattleboro as superintendent. He was
a very efficient officer, erecting during his administration the north and
REV. CHARLES H. MERRILL, D.D. 943
south wings of the buildings ; he introduced steam heat, erected a new
gymnasium, built a boiler house and carpenter's shop, developed the ex-
tensive woodland owned by the institution into a park, made two Summer
Retreats for the patients where a change might be given those who could
receive benefit by diverse surroundings in an accessible and beautiful
country, reconstructed the sewerage system, built the stone tower.
His expert opinion was widely sought for in courts of law.
His contributions to the literature of his profession were frequent. He
published in 1887 the Annals of the Vermont Asylum for the Insane. He
delivered numerous papers or addresses before local societies and as he
was always a reader of good books, his addresses showed solid thought
and some literary finish. To every helpful enterprise he gave liberally.
No man of this town has ever been broader in his sympathies.
He was also a public benefactor, laying out the road to the summit of
Wantastiquet.
A man of wisdom in all the relations of life, he escaped criticism from
his patients, by whom he was generally beloved, and he was universally
respected.
He married January 23, 1863, Miss Mary J. Putnam, who was born De-
cember 25, 1835. He died March 17, 1892.
Reverend Charles H. jMerrill, D.D.
Reverend Charles H. Merrill came to Vermont in the early spring of
1873 from two years' missionary service in Minnesota, and accepted a
call from the Congregational Church in West Brattleboro. The local
conditions were not promising at the time, and made the young pastor's
task an especially trying and delicate one. But he soon had all elements
working harmoniously together, and his fifteen years' pastorate was an
almost ideal one. The preaching was strong and stimulating; the pas-
toral work was most acceptable and helpful; the administration of the
Society was judicious and progressive. At the end of his pastorate he left
a strong united church, trained to habits of generous giving for mission-
ary work, and worshiping in a house completely renovated at a cost of
several thousand dollars.
During his pastorate in West Brattleboro Doctor Merrill's usefulness
was by no means confined to his own parish. He took all of a good citi-
zen's proper interest in town aflFairs, and for several years served as
superintendent of schools as efficiently as was possible under the system
then existing. He was active in the local fellowship of the churches and
rendered especially valuable service in a celebrated ecclesiastical legal con-
test of the time. From 1877 to 1889 he served as secretary of the State
944 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
General Convention, and as its chief permanent officer did work which as
a rule receives little recognition from the public, but which is highly im-
portant. It was often remarked that the success of the annual state
meetings was due in large measure to the quiet little man at the table in
the corner.
In 1888 Doctor Merrill was chosen secretary of the Vermont Domestic
Missionary Society succeeding Reverend C. S. Smith, who was obliged to
retire from office on account of ill health and advancing years. The
aiifairs of the society were in a somewhat depressed and demoralized con-
dition when he became its executive head, but they soon began to feel the
impulse of a new life. New methods were adopted for raising the money
needed for missionary purposes in the state, the needs of the field were
carefully investigated, and new agencies set at work to meet the needs.
The publication of the very useful little Vermont Missionary was begun.
The Vermont Domestic Missionary Society is a strong aggressive body
on a thoroughly firm business basis, which is chiefly due to Doctor
Merrill's administrative qualities.
Apart from his direct service through the Missionary Society his ability
to "size up" men and situations made him a most valuable counselor of
ministers and churches, and the strongest as well as the weakest came
to him for advice. This was one reason why there seemed to be no place
in the state for the work of a ministerial bureau. An unofficial word from
Doctor Merrill was much more influential than the formal recommenda-
tion of an official board. Without any ecclesiastical millinery he was a true
bishop to the churches of his denomination.
The annual reports of the Domestic Missionary Society for the last
twenty-two years are strong, statesmanlike papers, full of insight and
helpful suggestion.
Dartmouth College, from which he graduated with honor in 1867, gave
him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity.
Honorable Parley Starr
Honorable Parley Starr was born in Colchester, Vermont, August 20,
1813. His early life was spent in Milton, Vermont. At twenty-one, he
entered the employ of Houghton & Hunt, Guilford Center, to learn the
tanner's trade. In 1837 he bought the tannery of Dan Dean of Jackson-
ville, which developed until it became the leading industry of the county in
connection with other similar industries in Boston.
He took an active interest in public affairs, was a benefactor to the
community, being a strong factor in the social, religious and educational
life of Jacksonville. A Universalist, he gave liberally to the support of
JONATHAN G. EDDY 945
other denominations, a bell to his own church and to the public school
and he contributed largely to building the Methodist Church.
He represented Whitingham in the Legislature in 1852-185G, 1872, and
the State Senate, 1859, 1860. He was for eleven years justice of the
peace; twenty-four years, town auditor; seventeen years director of the
Brattleboro Bank and five years trustee of the Windham Provident
Institution.
In 1862 he opened a recruiting office for volunteers, and was appointed
state agent to look after and provide for the families of soldiers absent
in the war. He moved to Brattleboro in 1873 and lived on Western
Avenue.
He married May 17, 1840, Miss Clarissa Blanchard of Whitingham.
He suffered a stroke of apoplexy in 1883 and died November 12, 1889.
Children :
Mrs. Alta C. Cressy of Hartford, Connecticut.
Alice H., married September 21, 1876, William A. Faulkner, son of
Shepherd D. and Miranda (Greene) Faulkner, born in Whitingham
September 14, 1848. She died, March, 1891. He married, second,
Miss Lillian Leonard of Brookline, Massachusetts. He was edu-
cated at Powers Institute, Bernardston, and Eastman Business Col-
lege, Poughkeepsie. He was at first clerk in a dry goods store in
Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts ; next, bookkeeper in Shelburne Falls
National Bank, then teller in the First National Bank, Chicopee ; he
was cashier of the Peoples National Bank of Brattleboro, 1875-1886,
when he resigned to become cashier of the National Hide and Leather
Bank, Boston; he was president of the Traders' National Bank,
Boston, 1890, but in 1893 resigned on account of ill health. He was
assistant treasurer of the Woodstock, New Hampshire, Lumber Com-
pany. He died February 1, 1914.
Nettie E., married September 20, 1889, D. K. Clement of Clement &
Stockwell, paper dealers, New York.
Arthur P., cashier of First National Bank, Tama City, Iowa. He mar-
ried in that city, October 25, 1882, Miss Florence Murray. Their son,
Leon Parley Starr, a graduate of Chicago University, married Miss
Anna Burgess, and died three weeks after his marriage, April .5, 1917.
Jonathan G. Eddy
Jonathan G. Eddy was born in Jamaica, Vermont, August 27, 1844.
He was reared on a farm, educated in the common schools and in 1865
entered the law office of Hoyt H. Wheeler. Four years later Mr. Eddy
was admitted to the bar and for the six years following he practiced law
946 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
in Jamaica. In 1875 he came to Brattleboro, and became a partner of
Charles N. Davenport, under the firm name of Davenport & Eddy, which
became one of the strong, successful law firms of the state and enjoyed
a big practice throughout New England. It continued until January,
1882, when ill health compelled Mr. Davenport to retire from the
practice. , Mr. Eddy then formed a partnership with James L. Martin ;
this partnership continued for four years. In July, 1886, Mr. Eddy went
to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and formed a partnership with Herbert J.
Davenport under the firm name of Eddy & Davenport. jNIessrs. Eddy and
Davenport soon became interested in real estate and during a number of
years were large operators,, not only in real estate there, but in southern
lands. They built the Temple Court which at that time was the finest
building on Main Avenue, Sioux Falls. The firm's holdings were hit by
the long panic which began in 1893 and did not end until 1897. Mr.
Davenport went into educational work and Mr. Eddy into various specu-
lations and investments which he continued until ill health prevented.
With the untiring assistance of his devoted wife, Mr. Eddy was able to
accumulate a substantial property in spite of the almost insurmountable
handicaps in his path.
He was an interesting man, strong in his friendships, unafraid in
his opinions and uncompromising in his convictions. He never ceased
to talk of his early experiences at the Vermont bar, and during his long
sickness his dearest memories were of his legal battles and successes in
the old New England days. He was three times elected to the Vermont
Legislature, where he rendered a fine type of service to the state. In
1879 he was married to Miss Anna M. Burke at Greenfield, Massachusetts.
He died January 23, 1917.
Honorable Edgar W. Stoddard
Honorable Edgar W. Stoddard was born in Grafton June 20, 1846. He
was the son of Abishai Stoddard, who was for almost forty years judge
of probate for the Westminster district, and one of the most honored and
valued citizens of the county. The family removed from Grafton to
Townshend in 1855, and here the son Edgar grew up, receiving his pre-
liminary education in the public schools and at Leland and Gray Seminary.
He took his college course at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Is-
land, graduating in the class of 1868. He then studied law in the office
of his father at Townshend and was admitted to the Windham County
bar at the September term, 1870. In February, 1874, he was admitted to
the bar of the Vermont Supreme Court. He began the practice of the
law in Brattleboro. For a year, in the early part of his professional
COLONEL CHARLES A. MILES
DOCTOR JAMES R. CONLAND
ROBERT GORDON HARDIE. JR.
BELLES OF THE SIXTIES
JAMES CONLAND, M.D. 947
career, he was in partnership with Charles K. Field, afterwards prac-
ticing alone until in August, 1882, he formed the partnership with
Kittredge Haskins. He was appointed register of probate in August,
1880, succeeding Honorable Asa Keyes in that office. In the same year he
was elected a member of the school board of this village, and held the
office until he declined reelection in July, 1896. He was justice of the
peace for a long term of years. He was trustee of the Brattleboro Sav-
ings Bank, a member of the board of investment, and one of the most
trusted advisers of that institution, legal and otherwise.
He had always felt a deep interest in the success of the school of his
boyhood, Leland and Gray Seminary of Townshend, and was the presi-
dent of its board of trustees. For a time, while studying law with his
father, he was principal of this school. After the disastrous Townshend
fire of April, 1894, he worked actively to secure the erection of the com-
modious new school building which replaces the one then burned. He
was a member of the State Senate for the term of 1SSG-18S8. At the
Windham County Republican Convention held in June, 1896, he was
nominated for judge of probate to succeed Honorable C. Royall Tyler.
He also held numerous offices of private trust.
Mr. Stoddard was married May 19, 1874, to Miss Elizabeth McCracken
of Brooklyn, New York, the wedding taking place at the home of the
bride's mother in Batavia, Illinois. Mr. Stoddard died July 24, 1896.
Children :
Edgar A., born February 8, 1875; married June 24, 1911, Miss Elsie
Dwight Orne of Springfield, Massachusetts. A daughter, Elizabeth
Virginia.
Mortimer J., born February 8, 1875 ; married January 1, 1902, Miss
Florence A. Brown. A daughter, Dorothy.
Maud M.
Ralph W., born December 7, 1878.
J.VMES CoNLAND, M.D.
Doctor James Conland was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1851, of
Irish parentage. His parents died when he was an infant, and at the age
of seven years he went to work on a farm on Cape Cod. At the outbreak
of the Civil War, Doctor Conland, then a boy of ten, went to Boston and
found work in a naval office. He became interested in sea life, and for
several years afterwards served on fishing vessels, coasters and East India
traders. His cruises took him to various parts of the world and he was
frequently in Cuba during the terrible scenes of the rebellion. Doctor
Conland's early education was secured at country schools which he was
948 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
able to attend winters by using his summers' earnings as a sailor. He was
always an omnivorous reader and spent much of his spare time in improv-
ing his mind in this manner.
He came to Brattleboro in 1875 and began the study of medicine with
Doctor Henry D. Holton, working as a clerk in the Willard drug store and
there mastering the elements of pharmacy. He worked his way through
the medical department of the University of Vermont, graduating in July,
1878. He then returned to Brattleboro, and for one year practiced medi-
cine with Doctor Holton, at the end of that period going to Weston, Ver-
mont, and then to Cornwall, Connecticut, where he remained in practice
the following two years.
He married in August, 1880, Miss Matilda McGuirk at Cornwall, and
immediately after his marriage returned to Brattleboro, and entered into
partnership with Doctor Holton. From that time he continued steadily
in practice here until his death.
In the case of Doctor Conland the professional life was but one side in
the development of a strong, full nature; his interests and his sympathies
were bounded by no lines of sect or race or creed.
He was sent to the State Legislature in 1884, the first Democrat who
was honored by such an election in many years, and the only one who had
represented the town in the memory of that generation, with the exception
of Oscar Marshall, who served one term. A sturdy Democrat, he refused
absolutely to follow the free silver theories of Bryan and other leaders
of the party in 1896 and 1900. It was not his wish to be a candidate in
1903, but he finally consented to receive the support of both Democrats
and Republicans, who believed him to be the most representative man of
the town on the local option issue, which was the leading question before
the Legislature. He introduced what was known as the Conland bill, a
large part of which was adopted into the local option law.
As a member of the Legislature Doctor Conland proved a man of
legislative ability, during his last term serving on the committee of banks
and on the joint committee on temperance. Although he seldom spoke
at any length, his opinions carried weight.
He was for many years a member of the local board of pension exam-
iners, and a trustee of the Brooks Free Library.
With a natural bent for everything of a historical nature, he found
diversion as an enthusiastic antiquarian, particularly in the collection of
early Vermont pamphlets and publications. His private collection con-
tained many rare copies and he owned many old documents bearing the
signatures of noted public men.
A warm, intimate friendship existed between Doctor Conland and Rud-
yard Kipling while the author and his family lived in Vermont. Doctor
REVEREND GEORGE LEON WALKER
ti^'-'-'
REVEREND WILLIAM H. COLLINS
REVEREND CHARLES O. DAY
DOCTOR JOSEPH H. DRAPES
ALLAN D. BROWN
COMMANDER U. S. NAVY
REVEREND LEWIS GROUT
REV. WILLIAM HENRY COLLINS 949
Conland was the family physician. It was an open secret among the
closer friends of Doctor Conland that Mr. Kipling gained his first idea
of "Captains Courageous" from the stories of his sea life told by the
doctor, in hours of intimacy, before the open fire at Naulahka.
Mr. Kipling presented the doctor with the original manuscript of this
story and also dedicated the published volume to him. Doctor Conland
was summoned to New York City in consultation with the eminent spe-
cialists who treated Kipling during his illness with pneumonia, which for
some days threatened to terminate fatally.
He had the confidence of all classes of varying opinions, and in times of
division of public thought he became, as it were, the town's chosen arbi-
trator— the one man by whose judgment all were satisfied to abide, sure
that it would be honest, reasonable, unbiased.
In an unusual way his life was an inspiration to goodness. He was not
aggressive, though strong and independent in his convictions, but he was
sincere, straightforward, manly; and in his very nature, he shamed dis-
honesty and pretense.
He had great personal charm, but his power was the compelling power
of a great kindliness — and he received in return the aiifection of all the
people among whom he lived.
Doctor Conland died May 3, 1903.
His son, Harry H., born May 11, 1882, left Brattleboro in May, 1914,
to assume management of a department of The Hartford Coiirant; mar-
ried Miss Carroll Henschel of New York.
Reverend William Henry Collins
Reverend William Henry Collins was born in Warren, Rhode Island,
October 26, 1836, the son of William Collins of that town. He grew up
and was educated in Warren, studied for the ministry and was ordained
by Bishop Clark of Rhode Island, September 21, 1859.
After several years of service to the churches in Rhode Island, he had
a pastorate in Lewiston, Maine, and one in Vergennes, Vermont, before
coming to Brattleboro in 1875. For a long term of years he was one of
the clerical delegates to the General Convention of the Episcopal Church,
and was a member of various important committees in the diocese.
In Brattleboro he was an efficient member of the High School board,
and on the Book Committee of thp Brooks Library ; he was also town
superintendent of schools, but resigned July 1, 1887.
He received the degree of A.M. from Trinity College.
Reverend Mr. Collins was a gentle-man in every relation in life. His
tender sympathy for those in sorrow, or distress of any kind was universal
— as was his consideration for all mankind. A humble Christian, he yet
950 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
entered into the simple pleasures of the world with a cheerful heart and
with an unfailing sense of humor, which gave him a warm place in the
hearts of his fellow citizens.
He married November 2, 1870, Emily Graves, daughter of George
Graves of Rutland, Vermont.
He died September 14, 1900. Mrs. Collins died February 7, 1902.
Children :
William F. Collins, graduated from the Brattleboro High School in
1889, and from Trinity College in 1893; he was first prize man in
history and political science, and won the Holland scholarship of
$600. He was on the staff of The Springfield Republican; later city
editor of The Worcester Evening Gazette, and city editor of The
Newark Evening Neius, Newark, New Jersey, a war correspondent,
1914-1915. He married Miss Derflea Howes of Utica, New York.
A son, William.
Honorable Dorman Bridgeman Eaton
Honorable Dorman B. Eaton was born in Hardwick, Vermont, June
27, 1823. He was the son of the Honorable Nathaniel Eaton and Ruth
Bridgeman Eaton. The earliest American Eaton was John of that name,
who, coming from England in 1635, settled in the Massachusetts Colony.
Dorman B. Eaton graduated at the University of Vermont in 1848 and
at the Harvard Law School two years later, taking the prize for the
prize essay upon his graduation. A member of the committee for the
award was Judge William Kent, of New York City, son of Chancellor
Kent, the author of the "Commentaries." Judge Kent immediately
offered young Eaton employment in New York as his assistant in editing
the "Commentaries" of the elder Kent. Mr. Eaton was admitted to the
New York bar in 1857, and eighteen months after graduation became
the partner of Judge Kent. He at once attracted attention by his legal
ability, and entered upon a distinguished career, not only in active prac-
tice, but as a writer upon legal and civic subjects.
He married in 1856 Miss Annie S. Foster of Boston.
He drafted the health laws which inaugurated the administration of
that department in New York City. He was also counsel for the Erie
Railway and for the Boston, Hartford & Erie. The sharp contests in
which railroad administration was involved at that time brought Mr.
Eaton into opposition to the administration of Fisk and Gould. His
success in the legal contention with these men brought about active enmity .
upon their part toward him. On the night before an important action in
the courts an attempt was made upon Mr. Eaton's life on Fifth Avenue
by unknown persons, and he was seriously injured. This painful incident
HON. DORMAN BRIDGEMAN EATON 951
did not deter Mr. Eaton from opposition to wrongdoing, but, upon his
recovery, he entered upon his life work in municipal reform and for the
reform of civil service.
In 1871 Mr. Eaton stopped at the Brooks House en route and was so
much impressed by the beauty of the surrounding country that he bought
the Pettis farm at the junction of the West and Connecticut Rivers, in
1876, and made it over into a summer residence, coming to Brattleboro
regularly from that time till his death.
At the request of Congress he prepared a code of laws for the District
of Columbia. He drafted a law for the paid fire department, and the
establishment of police courts in New York City, fearlessly advocating
them before the Legislature and meeting opposition and insult from the
disreputable advocates of the old system with characteristic calmness and
dignity, which brought success to his efforts.
He was possessed of a sober mind. His extraordinary intellectual
powers seemed but the practical expression of a certain moral energy
which might be described as public spirit touched by emotion. When the
moral note was struck he instantly grew eloquent. He was the farthest
possible from the fanatic or the reformer with one idea. While civil
service reform was to him the supreme present duty of the republic, all
questions that concerned the welfare of states or the health of single
souls were interesting to him ; and he discussed no question without find-
ing somewhere in the vast range of his clearly ordered knowledge the
illuminating fact, the convincing point of view. This combination of
ethical passion with intellectual resource was his most remarkable charac-
teristic. He never lost the moral purpose, nor failed to furnish his con-
science with solid knowledge and logical argument. In his character, as
in his personal appearance, there was something Roman, with that touch
of rusticity which the greatest Romans always had. He was equally at
ease in the forum, debating the safety of the republic, and on his pleasant
Brattleboro farm, discussing crops and cattle. He was of the fashion
which is a wholesome model for any generation.
In religion he was a loyal Unitarian, broad and profound in thought,
but adhering reverently to the Christian tradition and name. He was a
warm friend of Doctor Bellows, and cordially sustained the succeeding
ministers of All Souls' Church. His gifts to the church were large, and,
in proportion to his means, unequaled. His private charities were con-
stant, cheerful and judicious. "Take him for all in all," he was a great
soul. A few such men, "if peradventure there be fifty found," can avert
destruction from any city in which they live.
As an educator of public opinion Mr. Eaton has had few equals; for it
952 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
must be remembered that every one of the important statutes which he
brought forward represented a distinctly new idea, and that pubHc
opinion had to be educated up to the point of supporting it before it could
become a law. That he did so educate opinion is proved by the enactment
of these laws. Nor can it be doubted that his personal example had its
effect in developing that higher standard of citizenship which found its
expression in later years in numerous civic movements. Few men have
so impressed themselves upon the statute laws of their country, and as
evidence of his broad and wise statesmanship these enactments are his
enduring memorial.
In private life he was a man of singular kindliness, and his manners
had the courtesy as well as the dignity that we associate with the old
school.
In connection with civil service reform Mr. Eaton made two ex-
tended tours in Europe for the study of the subject, both in England and
on the Continent. In 1873 President Grant appointed him chairman of
the National Civil Service Commission at Washington, in which place
he succeeded the Honorable George W. Curtis. When the reform was
practically abandoned by the government in 1875 Mr. Eaton renewed his
efforts in its behalf, speaking and writing with such good effect that,
after making a report for President Hayes, in 1880, upon the condition
of the civil service in the post office and custom house in New York
City, the government returned to the serious consideration of the civil
service. In 1883 Mr. Eaton was appointed again upon the commission
by President Arthur, and was reappointed by President Cleveland in
1886. The national law for the administration of the civil service was
drawn by Mr. Eaton, and remains practically unchanged today. How
well Mr. Eaton exemplified his own theory respecting civil service may
be seen in the fact that he served under four administrations as commis-
sioner.
His public service was rendered, for the most part, outside of official
life, as a private citizen, working for the public good. In 1870 he gave
up a lucrative practice and all private business, and for thirty years de-
voted himself to the high vocation of a publicist and student of municipal
conditions. His last published work, "The Government of Municipali-
ties," issued from the press only a few months before his death, and was
the best fruit of his ripe wisdom and rich experience.
He died at his home in New York, after a brief illness, on the morning
of December 23, 1899, and was buried in the burial ground of his family
at Montpelier, Vermont, on December 26. Mrs. Eaton died January
29, 1903.
HON. DORMAN BRIDGEMAN EATON 953
By the will of Dorman B. Eaton support was given to chairs of the
science of government at Columbia and Harvard Universities, and he
says:
The problem of municipal government is one of great difficulty and
peril, and there is little in our early constitution to aid in its solution. A
true and safe municipal system is yet to be created in the United States.
Nowhere is patriotic and wise leadership on such a subject more needed,
or can it be more useful, than in the city of New York.
To determine a definite sphere within which cities and villages shall
substantially control their own affairs ; to fairly mark the limits of co-
operation between them and the states beyond the sphere; to provide the
best methods of municipal administration; to create councils in cities and
villages which shall, in substance, exercise their local authority and repre-
sent their public opinion rather than their party opinion; to greatiy reduce
the number and frequency of elections in municipalities ; to prevent the
control of their affairs by parties and factions, and to make good munici-
pal government the ambition and the endeavor of the worthiest citizens —
these seem to me to be great problems of statesmanship, toward the solu-
tion of which I trust this professorship will largely contribute.
Through it I hope municipal wisdom, gathered from the most enlight-
ened cities of other countries, and from all the best governed municipali-
ties of the Union will find effective expression.
I do not attempt to prescribe the specific instruction through this pro-
fessorship ; but I may say that I have endowed it not only in the faith that
it will always be filled by an able and patriotic citizen, zealously devoted to
its purpose, but in the hope that through its teaching the great principles
upon which our national constitution is based, and in conformity to which
administration should be carried on, will be vindicated and strengthened ;
that the fit relations between parties and government will be made plain ;
that the obligations of the moral law and of patriotic endeavor in party
politics, and all official life will be persuasively expounded; that the just
relations between public opinion, party opinion, and individual independ-
ence will be set forth ; that an effective influence will be exerted for mak-
ing public administration and legislation in the United States worthy of
the character and intelligence of their people ; and that not only the salu-
tary lessons of history will be presented, but that the most appropriate
and effective means of practical wisdom in our day will be considered for
preventing corruption and partisan despotism in politics and government
and for inducing and enabling the most worthy citizen to fairly exercise a
controlling power in the republic.
It seems to me that these lessons — and especially such as may be drawn
954 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
from the history of the ancient Italian and Dutch republics and from that
of England — have been by no means adequately expounded in the teach-
ings of our political science.
The Columbia bequest is made with similar provision as to the use
only of the income.
Judge George Shea
Judge George Shea was born in Cork on June 10, 1827, and came of a
family some of the members of which attained high rank abroad, notably
the families now represented by Count Dillon Shea in France, and Henry
O'Shea, Duke of San Luca, in Spain. His father came to this country
when the Judge was an infant and became attached to the press in Wash-
ington in the days of The National Intelligencer under Gates and Seaton,
after which he established a literary journal in Philadelphia, The Ath-
ensum. From there he went to New York, where he died in 1846. The
Judge, who was brought up to his father's occupation of printer, was
attracted to the law while setting up the type for a new edition of Kent's
"Commentaries," and being brought, through the reading of proofs, into
contact with Judge Kent, who edited his father's "Commentaries," was
accepted by him as a student, and his legal studies were completed in the
office of Kent & Tallman in New York.
When admitted to the bar he went to Oswego, and there became the
legal adviser of that municipality, but shortly afterwards returned to
practice his profession in New York. He filled the office of corporation
attorney there in the years 1865 and 1866, and in 1870 he was elected a
judge of the Marine Court, of which he became chief justice, and in which
court he continued for twelve years. On leaving the bench he returned
to the practice of his profession, devoting himself mainly to the organiza-
tion of corporations for the establishment of railroads or industrial ob-
jects, in which he became especially successful.
He went abroad annually for many years, and few Americans had so
wide an acquaintance with distinguished men in England, France and
Italy as he. He was a man of a most social nature and a brilliant conver-
sationalist. In 1853 he married Angelica Barracleough, a daughter of
Floyd Smith, for many years president of the Manhattan Gas Company,
of whose large family of children four at least, besides Mrs. Shea, have
been residents of Brattleboro, Mrs. Judah, Mrs. Mendon, Mrs. F. W.
Brooks and Cushman Smith. For several years the family were summer
visitors to Brattleboro, but in 1883 Judge Shea bought the Alfred Wright
house on Oak Street, which was remodeled and enlarged into a summer
place, and which became the center of a generous hospitality.
JUDGE GEORGE SHEA 955
He was a prolific writer, mainly upon subjects connected with the early
constitutional and religious history of the country. His publishers,
Houghton, Mifflin & Company, regarded him as a writer who possessed a'
rare knowledge of the English language, and a style of peculiar elegance,
which belonged rather to an old English period than to the more concise
and pointed manner of expression which our time demands. Those who
knew Judge Shea well for a long term of years were impressed with the
fact that he was a man of genuine goodness of heart.
In politics he was a Democrat of the Jeffersonian school, having little
sympathy with the course and principles of his party as developed in
latter years. It is related of him that when he retired from the marine
court judgeship in 1882 he did so because Tammany Hall demanded as the
price of his reelection a year's salary of the office, $15,000. To this he
answered, with true Roman scorn, that, if his services to the city had not
been such as to warrant his reelection on his own merits, he did not desire
the office. In securing the discharge of Jefferson Davis he was associated
with Charles O'Conor and Horace Greeley, with whom he had life-
long intimacies. The confidence which was reposed in him by promi-
nent men during and following the war is shown by the fact that he held
among his treasures the power of attorney of Horace Greeley, Cornelius
Vanderbilt and Gerrit Smith to put their names upon Jefferson Davis's
bail bond, or to take any course in the matter which his judgment dictated.
He wrote a life of Alexander Hamilton, which passed through two edi-
tions and has been justly praised ; also an erudite account of Duns Scotus,
the mediaeval metaphysician and scholar, and other publications, theo-
logical, archjeological and artistic. The company of men who listened to
Judge Shea's paper on the life and times of Alexander Hamilton, de-
livered before the Professional Club here, were impressed with the real-
istic way with which he had identified himself with the life of the forma-
tive time of our government, and with the personality of the leaders of
that day ; it was as if a friend and companion of Hamilton and Jefferson
and Washington was speaking. It was largely through these early con-
stitutional studies that he had come into intimate relations with the French
families of Talleyrand, Rochambeau, Lafayette and their descendants.
Judge Shea died January 15, 1895. Mrs. Shea died in Brattleboro
February 19, 1909.
Children:
Mary Ritter, died January 1, 1916.
Alice, married September 8, 1893, Charles Erastus Glidden; bom in
1860. She died January 30, 1911. Their daughter, Elizabeth, mar-
ried October 28, 1914, William McGreevy of Baltimore, Maryland.
George, Junior, died January 18, 1895.
9'56 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Reverend Samuel McChord Crothers
Reverend Samuel McChord Crothers was born in Oswego, Illinois,
June 7, 1857, the son of John M. and Nancy Foster Crothers. His early
education was obtained at Springfield, Ohio, and he graduated at Prince-
ton in 1874. He studied theologj- at the Union Theological Seminary,
1874-1877; the Harvard Divinity School, 1881.
, He married September 9, 1883, Miss Louise M. Bronson of Santa
Barbara, California, and came direct to Brattleboro.
His pastorates have been at Eureka, Nevada, Santa Barbara, Brattle-
boro, where for the first time he was settled over a Unitarian Church,
from October 17, 1882, to 1886. He went from Brattleboro to St. Paul,
where he remained until 1894. He is now pastor of the First Church of
Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is university preacher to Harvard College.
He is the author of twelve or more books of essays, among them the
following: "Members of One Body"; "Miss Muffet's Christmas Party";
"The Gentle Reader" ; "The Understanding Heart" ; "The Pardoner's
Wallet"; "The Endless Life."
Children :
Katherine Foster.
Bronson McChord, born July 10, 1884.
Marjory Louise, born in St. Paul.
Helen McChord, born in Cambridge.
Gordon, born May 3, 1902.
Reverend Doctor George B. Gow
Reverend Doctor George B. Gow, son of Eliphalet and Serena Merrill
Russell Gow, was born in Waterville, Maine, January 11, 1832. His
father was of Scotch and English ancestry, a tin-plate worker and hard-
ware dealer, honest, industrious, prudent and successful in business. He
was a student of books, a friend of the educated men of the town, and the
little library of standard works in history, science, philosophy and litera-
ture which he collected, became the nucleus of his son's large private
library and starting point of that son's education.
Doctor Gow attended the Coburn Classical Institute and Colby College
of his native town. Left fatherless at the age of five years, he was for-
tunate in the frequent presence in his mother's home of many men who
became illustrious as educators and preachers. From a boy he was always
interested in the opinions and occupations of his fellow men. He was
fond of boyish sports and knew every rock and rapid and shoal in the
Kennebec River for miles. He was equally alive to every form of handi-
craft. He learned to use carpenter's tools and the paint brush, and to set
REV. GEORGE B. GOW, D.D. 957
type in the printing office. While he watched the shoemaker, harness-
maker and blacksmith, his interest in public affairs made him a no mean
audience for their harangues on political subjects. From such a youth
there followed naturally the large and varied activities of his richly
useful life.
Graduating from the college at the age of twenty, he was first a teacher
at the Littlefield Academy and the Waterville Classical Institute. While
principal of this school he married Miss Lucy Ann Marston of Waterville.
He next studied for three years at the Newton Theological Seminary,
graduating in 1858, was ordained September 28, 1858, pastor of the Bap-
tist Church of Ayer, Massachusetts, where he remained until 1861, became
principal of Colby Academy in 1861, resigning the position in 186-1, and
returned permanently to the ministry. After a three years' pastorate in
Gloucester, Massachusetts, he settled in Worcester, where his energies
were largely directed to reviving the Worcester Academy, while pastor of
the Main Street Baptist Church. In 1873 he resigned his pastorate to
become, for two years, financial agent of the academy and to raise the
$100,000 which set it on substantial foundations. From 1874 to 1880
during a pastorate in the near-by town of Millbury, he was chairman
of the executive committee of the academy. It was at Millbury that the
mother of his children died in 1875 and where some years later he married
Miss Ellen Gow, professor of moral philosophy at Wellesley College.
In 1880 Doctor Gow accepted the pastorate of the First Baptist Church
in Brattleboro, in which he remained until January 1, 188.3. Here he
was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Vermont Academy at Sax-
tons River, the founder of the Professional Club, promoter of the Free
Library. He was greatly respected and beloved by as many outside as
within the limits of his parish.
Doctor Gow's great work was, however, chiefly wrought at Glens Falls,
New York, as pastor of the Baptist Church from 1883 to 1895 and as
pastor emeritus until the time of his death, January 17, 1913.
A new and beautiful church edifice, a new chapel and a parsonage
freed from debt were the more material result of his labors.
Failing health severed his active relation with the church ; for a few
years he lived in the homes of his sons, and then returned to spend his
last years in Glens Falls, cared for by his sister-in-law. Miss Virginia
M. Gow.
He was for many years a trustee of the Newton Theological Institution.
In 1881 he received the degree of D.D. from his alma mater, Colby Col-
lege. Whether as pastor, teacher, independent thinker, promoter of public
works. Doctor Gow went about doing good, and winning the respect and
love of his fellow men.
958 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Children :
John Russell, born in Waterville, jMaine, October 20, 1855.
Alvah Hovey, born in Ayer, Massachusetts, died in infancy.
George Coleman, born in Ayer, teacher of Piano Harmony and Theory,
Smith College, is now professor of music at Vassar College.
Reverend John Russell Gow graduated from the High School in
Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1872, pursued his collegiate course at Brown
University, receiving his degree in 1877 ; graduated from Newton (Massa-
chusetts) Theological Seminary, 1882; received D.D. from Colby College;
was ordained to the ministry in Fair Haven, Vermont, in July, 1883, and
was pastor of the Baptist Church there three years; other pastorates:
Bridgeport, Connecticut, 1886-1891; Hyde Park, Chicago, 1891-1895;
Somerville, Massachusetts, 1895-1908; Brattleboro, 1908-1913.
Doctor Gow was a member of the board of trustees of Newton Theolog-
ical Seminary, president of the board of trustees of Vermont Academy.
He married September 10, 1884, Harriet L. Hovey, daughter of Rever-
end Alvah Flovey, president of Newton Theological Seminary, who died
in March, 1904. Children: Lucy Augusta, married William Thomas
Chase ; Arthur Coleman Gow, a Dartmouth graduate, with the Ambursen
Hydraulic Construction Company of Boston ; Dorothy ; John Russell
Gow, Junior.
On March 18, 1909, Doctor Gow married in Cambridge, Mrs., Rosa
Howes Bevins, a member of his former Somerville parish.
Judge James Loren Martin
The first ancestor of James L. Martin in this country was Ebenezer,
who came from Scotland and settled in Londonderry, New Hampshire.
John Martin, his grandfather, was born in Providence, Rhode Island,
where he remained until he was twenty-three years of age ; he then re-
moved to Landgrove, Vermont, was a farmer, regarded by his neighbors
as a prosperous man and occupied local offices of trust.
James Martin, father of James L. Martin, was born at Landgrove,
where he passed the early part of his life. He spent one year in Virginia,
but returned to Vermont, locating in Londonderry, where he lived up to
the time of his death. Mr. Martin was a farmer, but practiced law in his
native state, where he was an active partisan of the Democratic party.
He was for many years justice of the peace, town clerk and served several
terms as assemblyman. He was state senator for Vermont, and while
acting in that capacity became known as the "Lion of the Senate" on
account of his marvelous oratorical talent, which he used to the best ad-
vantage in the interest of those he represented. Mr. Martin was captain
JUDGE JAMES LOREN MARTIN 959
of a company of militia, a member of the Universalist Church, and promi-
nently identified with the Masonic order. As a counseIor-at-la\v his
advice was constantly sought, owing to his wide and varied experience in
judicial matters. His wife was Lucy Gray, daughter of Henry Gray.
Six sons were born of this union.
James Loren Martin, second son of James and Lucy IMartin, was born
September 13, 1S4G, in Landgrove, Bennington County, six miles from
South Londonderry, in the house where his father was born.
Brought up on the paternal farm, he was thoroughly inured to habits
of industry and independence, and at the age of fourteen was presented
twenty dollars and the control of his own time, which constituted the sole
outfit with which he faced the future. He worked his way through school,
and when not in school engaged in the bracing toil of chopping wood by
the cord and in peeling bark for tanneries. He received his preliminary
education in the district schools of Londonderry, and this was later sup-
plemented by a course at the Marlow (New Hampshire) Academy, where
he later became a teacher ; he also taught in the public schools of London-
derry for about seven years. At intervals he read law and in 1867 he
entered the law office of Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler, then of Jamaica, whom
he was destined to succeed as United States Judge. In 1868 he entered
the Albany Law School, finishing his studies there in May, 1869.
Admitted to the Bennington County bar at the June term, 1869, Mr.
Martin opened an office in South Londonderry in the fall of the same
year. Until September, 1879, he practiced professionally without any
associate, and then formed a partnership with Addison E. Cudworth of
South Londonderry. That partnership continued a year.
In January, 1882, with J. G. Eddy as an associate, he purchased the law
business of Charles N. Davenport of Brattleboro and moved to Brattle-
boro. In 1888 he formed a partnership with Eleazer L. \\^aterman, who
became one of the superior judges of Vermont, and later George B. Hitt,
a native of Wallingford, Vermont, became a member of the firm, their
office being in the bank building at the corner of Main and Elliot Streets.
Mr. Hitt was a natural lawyer and devoted to his profession ; was elected
state's attorney of Windham County in 1890, county senator in 1897, and
became chairman of important committees. He died at thirty-four years
of age.
Mr. Martin's political career began with his. election as representative
from Londonderry in the Legislature of 1874. He served on the com-
mittee of education, having charge of the bill to abolish the board of edu-
cation, and for the appointment of a state superintendent. In 1876 he was
returned to the Legislature from Londonderry, serving as chairman of
960 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
the committee on elections and as a member of the judiciary committee.
He was sent a third time in 1878, and was chosen speaker of the House
on the second ballot. In 1880, being returned for the fourth time, he
received the compliment of a unanimous election to the speakership. Such
an event had never occurred before in the history of Vermont. In 1883
he was again returned and the popular appreciation of his services was
further signified by a third election to the speakership.
He represented Brattleboro in the Legislature of 1893, but declined to
be a candidate for speaker. He was made chairman of the judiciary
committee and was second on the ways and means committee. He was
appointed state tax commissioner in 1888 and again in 1892.
Mr. Martin became active in Republican politics, and in 1897 President
William McKinley, in whose interest Mr. Martin was very influential,
appointed him United States District Attorney for Vermont. He was
serving his third term when in October, 1906, the late Judge Hoyt H.
Wheeler of this town having retired as United States judge, Mr. Martin
was named as his successor by President Theodore Roosevelt.
While holding the office of district attorney he was particularly aggres-
sive against the illegal immigration of Chinamen over the Vermont border,
completing wiping out a business that had once flourished. For this work
he was highly complimented by the department of justice.
During his tenure of office as United States judge, Judge Martin's
reputation grew apace. He was called on to preside at some exceptionally
important cases, and his fairness and legal acumen were widely com-
mented upon.
"In connection with his handling of the famous sugar fraud cases in
New York in 1910 he demonstrated that he knew the law and was
prompt in its upholding. But few outside of the immediate circle in
constant attendance upon the hearing had recognized it. His charge
to the jury, and his exposition of the law bearing upon criminal con-
spiracy will be quoted for a generation to come in the estimation of
the most successful attorneys in practice at the New York bar. Ordi-
narily the judge's charge is welcomed with hovering pencils by the
attorneys on either side. At every opportunity they note exceptions for
use in demanding a retrial. When Judge Martin read his charge the
lawyers sat with useless pencils between their fingers. Soon they began
to close their notebooks. Then they put their pencils away. When
he concluded, every lawyer on both sides went forward to the bench to
congratulate him upon the most masterly exposition of law in their recol-
lection. Not an exception was noted on either side — and this in a trial
marked by its bitterness, and in which the most persistent fighters of the
bar were engaged."
JUDGE HOYT HENRY WHEELER 961
In 1914 Judge Martin received the degree of doctor of laws from
Middlebury College.
Judge Martin was a partner in the firm of Holden & Martin, manufac-
turers and dealers in lumber, and in the reorganized Hooker, Corser &
Mitchell Company, manufacturers of overalls and garments. For a
number of years he was a member of the prudential committee of the in-
corporated school district. He was president of the board of trustees of
the First Universalist Society of this town and a member of Anchor
Lodge of Masons of South Londonderry; a director of the Brattleboro
Savings Bank and an incorporator of the Brattleboro Trust Company.
He was at one time clerk of the Brattleboro & Wl>itehall Railroad
Company, and active in the affairs of the road ; he was also prominent in
the Brattleboro Gas Company. He had held directorships in the Central
Vermont Railway Company of St. Albans ; the Vermont Mutual Fire
Insurance Company of Montpelier and the American Fidelity Company
of Montpelier.
Judge Martin married November 18, 1869, Delia E. Howard of Lon-
donderry, daughter of Lewis Howard, who died December 14, 1881.
There were three children by this marriage none of whom lived. He
married, second, January 10, 18S4, Jessie Lilley Dewey of Montpelier,
daughter of Honorable Edward E. Dewey. Judge Martin died January
14, 1914.
Children :
Margaret Susan, married Murray M. Tucker of Brattleboro.
Helen Ruth.
Katherine Gray, married H. Lester Utley of Amherst, Massachusetts.
Judge Hoyt H. Wheeler
Hoyt Henry Wheeler was born in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, Au-
gust 30, 1833. The progenitor of the Wheeler family in this section of
New England was Peter Wheeler, who emigrated from Littleton, Massa-
chusetts to Chesterfield in 1762. He was a carpenter by trade and a man of
"high" character. His grandson, John, was the father of Judge Wheeler.
The Judge's mother was Roxana Hall, who was also a descendant of one
of the first settlers of Chesterfield. Hoyt H. Wheeler attended the district
schools in Chesterfield and the Chesterfield Academy. In 1849 the family
moved to Newfane, and the son continued his studies in the schools of
that town. In 1854, at the age of twenty-one, he was preceptor of Ches-
terfield Academy and in 1857 taught a select school at Westminster West.
He afterwards taught district schools in Chesterfield, Dummerston, West
Townshend and Newfane.
962 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He possessed a natural taste for close and careful study and it was in
gratification of this taste that, in intervals of leisure, he began to read
law books in the office of Charles K. Field, then a practicing lawyer in
Newfane. After reading law with Mr. Field for two years he came to
Brattleboro and took up its study with Jonathan D. Bradley and George
B. Kellogg. He was admitted to the bar of Windham County at the Sep-
tember term, 1859. At that time Benjamin L. Knowlton, the law partner
of John E. Butler of Jamaica, had recently died and at the solicitation of
Mr. Butler, Mr. Wheeler went to Jamaica and entered into partnership
with him. The experience, and professional and business connection thus
gained were of "great value and Mr. Wheeler soon came to have an ac-
knowledged place of high standing at the bar of the state. He represented
Jamaica in the Legislature in 1867 and was a state senator in 1868 and
1869. During his service in the Legislature he secured the enactment of
the original charter for a railroad through the West River Valley. He
was elected a judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont at the session of
1869, being then thirty-six years old. He was reelected at each successive
session of the Legislature, including that of 1876. On March 16, 1877,
while holding court at Rutland, he received from President Hayes his
commission as judge of the United States Court for the district of Ver-
mont, to succeed Judge David A. Smalley, deceased. His appointment to
the Federal bench was a complete surprise to Judge Wheeler; he not
only had not solicited the appointment, but there had been no mention of
his name in connection with this office and it was not known that his
appointment had been asked for by any of his Vermont friends. Judge
Wheeler entered at once on the duties of the Federal judgeship and his
service on the United States bench covered a period of twenty-nine and
a half years, ending with his resignation in 1906.
Judge Wheeler's practice as a lawyer was marked by accurate knowl-
edge of the law, and by care, diligence and persistence in the preparation
and trial of his cases. In several cases carried by him to the Supreme
Court new and important principles of law were established.
In the Federal courts, owing to the limited number of cases in Vermont,
Judge Wheeler's most important work had been done in the New York
circuit. Twice, at least, each year he went to New York City to hold
court and many of the cases were brought home for consideration and
decision. A large part of this work had been in the hearing of patent
cases, and cases growing out of the interpretation of the United States
customs laws. A great many patent cases, several of them of the first
importance, were heard by Judge Wheeler in Brattleboro. In these cases
the leading expert patent lawyers of the country were employed, and it
JUDGE HOYT HENRY WHEELER 963
was well understood that these lawyers were glad to bring their cases to be
heard before Judge Wheeler, because he so readily comprehended all the
intricate technical points which they involved.
Judge Wheeler possessed a very intimate and accurate knowledge of
the early history of Windham County towns, and of all this immediate
section of New England. His taste for research of this kind had fur-
nished him a chief source of diversion in all the busy years of exacting
judicial duty. Beginning not long after his removal to Brattleboro, he
wrote and furnished for publication in The Vermont Phoenix a series of
articles covering many of the most important and interesting periods and
events in this local history. Owing to his dislike of publicity, Judge
Wheeler could never be persuaded to have the articles appear over his own
signature ; no argument availed, and the conclusion was always the same :
"Well, if you don't mind, you might let it go just as it is."
The best tribute that can be paid to Judge Wheeler's character and
memory is to say that he was an ideal judge, possessing a native dig-
nity and reserve upon which no one would ever presume to trespass, but
as a man and a citizen of Brattleboro he was unfailingly kind, considerate
and courteous. His integrity, his sincerity, his simplicity, were ingrained
— drawn in the warp and woven in the woof. Himself incapable of
falsehood or deception or meanness of motive, he suspected none of these
things in anyone else. To those who knew him most intimately it seemed
strange, at times, that, placed as he had been all his life where he so
often saw the worse side of human nature, his faith in the general good-
ness of humanity never wavered. To the last — and many times to his
own hurt — he believed every man honest and sincere until he had proven
himself otherwise.
In describing Judge Wheeler's personality, one other characteristic
should be noted in fidelity to the rapidly disappearing type of manhood of
which he was a representative. In the truest and best sense he was a
Yankee. This does not in the least imply or suggest the traditional carica-
tures commonly associated with this character. ' In bearing, in dress, in
speech. Judge Wheeler was a gentleman, but he was a native son of New
England soil, and there was in him a native shrewdness, a quiet humor
and a terseness, and oftentimes a quaintness, of expression which, if it
provoked an approving smile, also revealed the man and won for his
personality enduring affection and respect.
Judge Wheeler was a regular attendant on the services of the Congre-
gational Church, and his sympathy and support were given to all the
varied movements and agencies for the betterment of the community.
Judge Wheeler married October 24, 1861, Minnie L., daughter of John
964 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Maclay of Lockport, New York. Mrs. Wheeler's death took place in
April, 1904.
No children were born to Judge and Mrs. Wheeler, but a nephew of
Mrs. Wheeler, John L. Knowlton, the son of Benjamin L. Knowlton, born
some months after his death, grew up in the family from infancy. He
married January 14, 1892, Belle G. Clark, daughter of Edward Clark and
they have children : Lauriston E., born October 1, 1893 ; Bernard W., born
April 23, 1896; Elizabeth M.
Judge and Mrs. Wheeler moved from Jamaica to Brattleboro to the
house on Western Avenue afterwards their home, in October, 1884.
Miss Janet H. Maclay, Mrs. Wheeler's sister, kept the home for Judge
Wheeler after his wife's death. She died in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
March 11, 1913. Judge Wheeler died November 19, 1906.
Doctor Daniel Peaslee Webster
Doctor Daniel Peaslee Webster was born in Northfield, Vermont, De-
cember 7, 1846, the eldest of three children of Reverend Alonzo and Laura
Peaslee Webster. His father, a native of Weston, Vermont, was a
Methodist clergyman, whose first charge was in Brattleboro, and who
later preached in Greenfield, in Northfield and in Chesterfield, New
Hampshire. During the Civil War Reverend Alonzo Webster served as
chaplain of the Sixteenth and Sixth Vermont Regiments, and at the close
of the war was chaplain at the Sloane Hospital in Montpelier. On
account of failing health he went to South Carolina, where he was a pre-
siding elder, and president of the Claflin University at Orangeburg.
Daniel P. Webster, then a boy of sixteen, accompanied his father, with
the Sixteenth Vermont Regiment, and at the battle of Gettysburg ren-
dered valuable assistance in caring for the wounded.
After attending the common schools and Newbury Academy, he entered
the medical department of the University of Vermont, from which he re-
ceived his degree in 1867. He at once began the practice of his profession
in Putney, where he continued in active work as a physician sixteen years,
before moving to Brattleboro. He represented Putney in the Legisla-
tures of 1872 and 1874. He was elected state senator from Windham
County in 187&, and while a member of the Senate was chosen by the
Legislature in joint assembly, to the office of railroad commissioner, which
he filled for two years. He was surgeon-general, with the military rank
of brigadier-general, on the staff of Governor Ashael Peck, and also was
appointed to this office a second time by Governor Levi K. Fuller; was
surgeon of Fuller Light Battery for several years. He was chairman of
the board of selectmen in Brattleboro in 1895, 1896 and 1897.
REV. CHARLES ORRIN DAY, D.D. 965
Owing to failing health and a desire to retire from the practice of his
profession, he became a candidate for postmaster in 1898. The petition
asking for his appointment was signed by over one thousand patrons of
the office, and the Republican town committee signed a certificate for
presentation to the Vermont congressional delegation, showing that he
had the support of over seventy-five per cent of the Republican patrons
of the office. He entered upon the duties of the office March 15. He
was reappointed by President Roosevelt in March, 1902. On becoming
postmaster, he continued his office practice for a time, but gave up all
professional work in January, 1901.
Doctor Webster was an enthusiastic Freemason, and was one of the
few Vermont men to be honored with the thirty-third degree. He served
as deputy grand master of the grand lodge of Vermont from 1876 to 1881,
was for three terms eminent commander of Beauseant Commandery,K.T.,
of Brattleboro, and in 1902 was elected right eminent grand commander
of the grand commandery, K.T., of Vermont, from which office he retired
June, 1903. He was for some years a member of Wantastiquet Lodge
of Odd Fellows. He was a member of the Methodist Church of Brattle-
boro, and had served the church as warden and deacon.
Doctor Webster married January 10, 1868, Miss Ada White of Putney,
whose death occurred in South Carolina March 14, 1887.
He married, second, November 21, 1889, Mabel Julia, daughter of
Judge and Mrs. E. L. Waterman. He died March 13, 1904.
Children:
Harriet A., married October 19, 1897, W. H. Carey, Junior, whose
death occurred July 29, 1901, while he was general manager of a
sugar plantation near Cienfuegos, Cuba. A son, Webster.
Harry P., born June 27, 1870, president of the Vermont Savings Bank
of Brattleboro.
Daniel C, born March 18, 1875 ; married Miss Elizabeth Carey. He is a
traveling representative of Farson, Leach & Company, bankers and
brokers of New York.
Reverend Charles Orrin Day^ D.D., LL.D.
Charles Orrin Day, D.D., LL.D., was born in Catskill, New York,
November 8, 1851, and was a son of Charles Henry and Sarah Collins
(Porter) Day. He prepared for college in the Hopkins Grammar School,
New Haven, Connecticut, and graduated from Yale University in 1872,
after which he spent one year abroad and another year in postgraduate
studies in Y^le in the department of English literature under the direction
966 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of Professor Henry A. Beers. The next three years he spent in Andover,
graduating from the theological seminary in 1877.
He went to Montreal after graduating and for six months engaged in
city missionary work, when he became pastor of the Congregational
Church in Williamsburg, Alassachusetts, for five years. He resigned and
again went to New Haven, where he pursued studies in philosophy under
President Porter of Yale University and attended lectures in the college
and seminary. He became pastor of the Centre Congregational Church
in Brattleboro in 1885 and continued as such for thirteen years.
Mr. Day was, first of all, a man, — on a level with the reality that lies in all
men. There was no touch of asceticism, or the sentimental in his make-up.
He was not a strict theologian, — he was not remarkable as a preacher,- — •
but his life exemplified the power of the Christian faith to make a man
stronger and truer, and to find his happiness in giving himself to his
fellowmen. Nature was kind in shaping his form and features to express
these characteristics and his appearance was a joy to the eyes as to the
heart. .
"Mr. Day became chaplain of the First Vermont Regiment in February,
1895, and went with the boys to the annual muster in that year and in
1896 and 1897. When the Spanish-American War broke out he was still
chaplain of the Vermont regiment, which was stationed first at Camp
Olympia, near Burlington, Vermont, and then at Chickamauga Park,
Georgia. He was mustered out in November, 1898.
"From the time when the regiment was called into the government ser-
vice. May, 1898, and especially at Chickamauga, word came to Brattleboro
through many sources of Mr. Day's efficient work for the boys; too
much could not be said of him there. While he was full of energy and
resource in promoting the all-round comfort of the men, he was tireless
and unsparing in caring for the sick and cheering the despondent. He
won the confidence and love of every man in the ranks, and he enjoyed
the outspoken admiration and esteem of every officer and man."
Early in August of 1898 Mr. Day made known to the officers of the
Centre Church his determination to resign the pastorate. On Sunday,
September 4, Mr. Day's resignation was read by Reverend A. R. Merriam
of Hartford, Connecticut.
The sentiment of the Brattleboro community and the appreciation of
Mr. Day were expressed in The Phcenlx of August 19, 1898, which said
in part :
To his church Mr. Day's departure will be felt to be a loss which cannot
be made good. He was called to the pastorate of the Centre Church in
REV. CHARLES ORRIN DAY, D.D. 967
the early fall of 1885, and his installation took place December 16 of that
year. He came to the church at a critical time in its history. Under his
wise and strong leadership its forces were all instantly united, and it has
since then enjoyed a period of vigorous and genuine life and growth. In
the community at large JMr. Day's loss will be no less deeply felt. Not in
many years past has any minister of any church in Brattleboro so laid hold
on all the best interests of the village and town and made himself felt as
an active, inspiring and fearless power for good. His ability to command
the confidence and arouse the activity of young men is remarkable.
In February, 1899, the Congregational Education Society, with head-
quarters in Boston, announced the engagement of Mr. Day as its corre-
sponding secretary to succeed Reverend W. E. Barton, late pastor of the
Shawmut Congregational Church. This society is one of the six principal
societies of the Congregational denomination. Mr. Day was very success-
ful in his work, which took him into many states, particularly in the West.
In 1901 he was called to the presidency of Andover Theological Seminary,
and he labored zealously and almost beyond his physical strength in its
interests, resigning in 1908, a year before the removal of the seminary to
Cambridge. He had not been in robust health since his return from
Chickamauga with the First Vermont Regiment. For a year preceding his
death his health failed perceptibly ; he spent some months at Woodstock,
Vermont, and from there went to visit his daughter at Andover, where he
was stricken with heart disease, and died suddenly.
Mr. Day married June 25, 1879, Mary Hull, daughter of A. Cooke Hull,
M.D., of Brooklyn, and Harriet Hill, who returned to her old home,
Catskill, New York, after the death of Doctor Hull, which occurred in
1868.
Mrs. Day's illness developed during the winter of 1890 and in the fol-
lowing June she was sent to the Adirondacks, where she spent two years,
but failing gradually, died April 7, 1895, leaving besides her husband, two
children: Rosanne, who married Robert P. Keep of Andover; Doctor
Charles O. Day, Junior, of New York City.
Among Mr. Day's contributions to the life of the church was the Fort-
nightly Club, with the object of drawing forth to expression the talents
of the young people on literary and social lines. This club flourished in
numbers and activities for many years — until 1893. Also the Fessenden
Helping Hand Society for supporting a scholarship at Hampton Institute.
This society was composed of young girls, members of the Sunday school,
who met together in work to raise money for the object of their society.
968 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Reverend James H. Babbitt
(A tribute from Reverend C. O. Day in The Congregationalist,
July 19, 1900.)
Reverend James H. Babbitt is a man who has magnified his office. His
official life thus far has been passed in Vermont, at Waitsfield eight years,
at Swanton eleven and at West Brattleboro thirteen. During a generation
of thirty-two years he has in public and private life held the unqualified
esteem of all men. No man in the all-round work of the ministry toiled
more conscientiously for his own church. As a preacher he has always
been profitable; as a pastor, acceptable, sympathetic, uplifting; as an
organizer, systematic and able to do the utmost with the material in hand.
The church from which he goes has been the best organized in systematic
benevolence and the most generous according to its ability of all those in
Vermont.
But there are ministers who can also sustain their brother workers.
Mr. Babbitt is one to whom his fellow-ministers have instinctively turned
in perplexity and in times of personal sorrow. His evenly balanced and
discriminating mind has given him leadership in county conferences and
ministerial associations. If a sound view of doctrine, a careful review of
a book, a wise opinion upon debated policy were needed, Mr. Babbitt's
just sentence would be decisive. It has been markedly so in the long pas-
torate in West Brattleboro and Windham County just closing.
But far beyond the county his influence has moulded the State. No man
has ever been more honored with places of trust in the State Association.
As the representative of Vermont upon the International Sunday School
Executive Committee so many years, he has been felt beyond state limits.
Probably no man in any denomination has known as much about or has
done so much for the Sunday schools in Vermont as Mr. Babbitt.
In the civic and moral life of Brattleboro, in temperance effort, in Y. M.
C. A. work, in the administration of charities, such as the Home for the
Aged and Disabled, he has always taken a foremost place. Beloved and
trusted by a host of those whom they have helped, he and his noble wife
will still go on with increasing riches of knowledge and experience to do
their Master's will.
Reverend James H. Babbitt was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, where
he was left an orphan at an early age. He received a part of his education
in Europe ; graduated from Amherst College, 1865 ; Andover Theological
Seminary, 1868. He came to West Brattleboro in 1887. He married
Miss Mary F. Abbott ; died September 14, 1903.
JUDGE ELEAZER L. WATERMAN 969
Children :
Doctor James A., graduate of Yale; member of the faculty of Haver-
ford, Pennsylvania, College.
Winfred, graduate of Williams College ; of the faculty of Oahu College,
Honolulu.
Harold, of Presbyterian Publishing Company, New York.
Theodore P.
Judge Eleazer L. Waterman
Judge Eleazer L. Waterman was born in Jamaica, Vermont, July 25,
1839, the son of Chandler and Polly Thayer Waterman of Jamaica. He
attended Leland Seminary, Townshend, studied law in the office of Butler
& Wheeler, Jamaica, was admitted to the bar in 1863, and first practiced
in Wilmington. He represented that town in the Legislature of 1867 and
1868, and in 1870 moved to Jamaica. In 1872 he was state's attorney, and
in 1876 went to the Legislature as one of the W^indham County senators,
and was chairman of the judiciary committee.
He came to Brattleboro in 1886, buying J. G. Eddy's interest in the
firm, Martin & Eddy, the firm name being Waterman & Martin, until
George B. Hitt became a member, after which it was Waterman, Martin
& Hitt; after the death of Mr. Hitt, Waterman & Martin. J. L. Martin
remained a member of the firm until his appointment as judge of the
United States District Court.
In October, 1891, Judge Waterman was appointed special attorney for
the United States to appear for the government in claims growing out
of the Civil War. Besides being judge of the Probate Court, he has been
president of the Vermont Bar Association and counsel in many important
cases. In 1900 he represented Brattleboro in the Legislature, and was
superior judge 1906-1914.
He married May 15, 1864, Jane E. Bemis, daughter of Aaron and
Julia Dutton Bemis of Windham, Vermont.
Children:
Doctor Halbert Lee, married October 18, 1892, Miss Mary E. Smith
of Wilmington. A daughter: Marjorie.
Mabel J., married November 21, 1889, Doctor Daniel P. Webster.
Arthur, of New York.
Ethel L., married Charles A. Boyden. (See p. 406.) Children: Alice
Maude; George Albert, James, twins.
Captain Ernest J., born in Jamaica, Vermont, October 12, 1877;
graduated from the Brattleboro High School in 1895 and from Mid-
dlebury College, B.A., in 1899. He entered as law student the office
" 970 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
of Waterman & Martin. He served with Company I at Chickamauga
during the Spanish War, being mustered out October 4, 1898, when
he returned to college. Upon the reorganization of Company I,
August 9, 1899, he was appointed corporal ; afterwards second lieu-
tenant, first lieutenant and captain. He married Miss Susan Mather
of Rutland. Children: Ethel Mather, Elizabeth Jane, Harriet. They
; removed from Brattleboro to New York in 1919.
j ■. Alice.
i
' William Eaton Foster
■ ; William Eaton Foster, librarian, was born in Brattleboro June 2, 1851,
son of Joseph Coggin and Abigail (Eaton) Foster. He received from
Brown University the degree of A.B. in 1873, and A.M. in 1876. He
married Julia Appleton of Providence, Rhode Island, March 3, 1886. He
was librarian of Hyde Park and Massachusetts Public Library, 1873-
1876 ; and of Providence Public Library from 1877. He is the author
of The Civil Service Reform Movement, 1881 ; The Literature of Civil
j . Service Reform in the United States, 1881 ; Libraries and Readers, 1883 ;
I Stephen Hopkins, a Rhode Island Statesman, 1884 ; Town Government in
j Rhode Island, 1886 ; The Point of View in History, 1906.
Robert Gordon Hardie, Portrait Painter
Robert Gordon Hardie vrai born March 39, 1854, being the oldest son
j of Major Robert Gordon and Frances Hyde Hardie. His boyhood
does not seem to have offered any very salient singularities, his attend-
I ance at the district school and High School having been more or less
I ■ ' desultory, and his predilection for the art of design having early shown
itself by the production of caricatures, maps and sketches of all sorts, of
the crude and audacious character common to such juvenile efforts.
His bent for drawing becoming more and more marked, at the instance
. . . . •
j and by the financial assistance of Professor Elie Charlier, at whose
house he lived, he began a systematic course of study in drawing at the
schools of the Cooper Institute, the Academy of Design and the Art Stu-
dents' League in New York. Acting again on the advice of Professor
Charlier, he went to Paris to continue his studies under the great French
teachers at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. In the fall of 1878 we find him
writing home that, after waiting nearly six weeks, he has been admitted to
the school as a pupil of M. Gerome. He tells about his way of living. He
and a friend have a studio together in the rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs,
not far from the Luxembourg Gardens. Then follows a description of
the place, and his expenditures :
ROBERT GORDON HARDIE, JUNIOR 971
"Our furniture is exceedingly ordinary, and consists of two small iron
bedsteads, two tables, three or four chairs, three easels, a small stove, and
a few other necessary articles. The tables, chairs and some other things
were purchased of some students about leaving Paris, for very little
money, the stove costing only nine francs, tables five francs each, and the
chairs only one and a half franc. My part of the rent of the studio is
nearly six francs per week. I take my meals at a restaurant in the rue de
Buci, where many of the students go, which costs me three francs per
day, making the total cost of living twenty-seven francs, or $5.20 per
week."
For five years Hardie worked diligently in the Ecole des Beaux Arts,
and as early as July, 1ST9, he received an honorable mention. The year
following he sent a crayon portrait of a woman to the Salon, which
brought forth the following commendation : "jMr. Hardie does honor to
foreign art, for, if he is of ourselves by his talent, it is to the United States
of America that this distinguished pupil of M. Gerome belongs."
In the autumn of 1880 he made a journey down the River Loir, and
passed nearly two months sketching in a little place called Vendome, on
the banks of this stream, which is not to be Confused with the more impor-
tant river Loire. Having letters from Professor Charlier to the Rocham-
beau family at Vendome he was hospitably entertained by the Marquis
de Rochambeau at their chateau, overlooking the valley of the Loir.
Hardie remained long at Vendome, after his pleasant hosts had gone
back to their town residence ; and when he returned to Paris in time for
the opening of the art school, he went well laden with studies of land-
scapes, heads, figures and still life, which elicited the welcome "Tres
bien!" which is about as hearty as any phrase of approval that a teacher
would vouchsafe.
As a sequel to this pleasant outing, Hardie was invited down to the
Chateau de Rochambeau the following spring to spend several weeks and
to paint the portraits of members of the family. That same year (1881)
he exhibited in the Salon a portrait of William St. Clair of Washington,
of which a correspondent wrote home that it was a fine likeness and a
most excellent portrait.
It was about the same story every successive year. The young man
had struck his gait, and recognition, with those more tangible tokens
of success, commissions for portraits, now became assured and substantial.
In 1883 he became a pupil of Cabanel. He continued to exhibit in the
Salon as long as he remained in Paris. In the winter of 1882 he was in
such demand for portrait work that he established himself in a better
studio in the Avenue de Villiers. He returned to America in 1883.
mZ ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In the National Academy of 1888 his full-length, life-size portrait of
David Dudley Field, painted for the Court of Appeals at Albany, attracted
an uncommon degree of attention, which was as much due to the intrinsic
merit of the work itself as to the celebrity of the subject. Following this
striking work, the fine portrait of James H. Beal, president of the Second
National Bank of Boston, served to introduce the artist to the public of
that city. From that time the artist swung, pendulum-wise, between his
New York and his Boston studios, with occasional sojourns with his
mother in Brattleboro ; and the list of his works stretches out to testify
alike to his industry and to the wonderful measure of favor he received.
Also, it is to be noted, his sitters became more and more prominent per-
sonages, as we go down the list — university presidents and professors,
eminent judges, scientific men, great merchants, statesmen, publicists —
illustrating his growing reputation and vogue.
The foundation of that reputation and vogue was, doubtless, the strict,
honest, direct veracity which the world demands in all its human docu-
ments. In his searching style nothing was extenuated, nothing was
neglected, and nothing was sacrificed. The portraits of Chief Justice
Morton of the Massachusetts Supreme Court; of William H. Baldwin,
president of the Boston Young Men's Christian Union; of President
Eliot of Harvard University; of Professor Elie Charlier; of E. H. Abbott,
president of the Wisconsin Central Railroad ; of Samuel Johnson ; of
Lincoln F. Brigham, Chief Justice of the Superior Court; of Walbridge
A. Field, Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court; of Alexan-
der Wheeler; of Secretary Langley of the Smithsonian Institution; of
Robert M. Morse; of Benjamin H.Bristow, ex-Secretary of the Treasury;
of Henry Woods; of Eustace C. Fitz; of Judge Durfee of Rhode Island;
of the late Surgeon-General Baxter; of Horace White; of James Page; of
Frank Merriam; of Colonel Oliver W. Peabody; of Thomas Doane; of
Redfield Proctor, United States Senator from Vermont, and many others
— all possessed those qualities of sound and skillful handling, studious
representation of detailed fact, vigor of modeling and construction, which
are, if not the highest, still the fundamental and necessary attributes of
good portraiture.
His portrait of Senator Proctor of Vermont is remarkable for the
strong expression of individual character. In certain respects, the por-
trait of Judge Brigham, which was painted at about the same time, is a
performance of even greater interest. The work is permeated with a
legal atmosphere; it is essentially the portrait of a jurist. One of the
best of his later portraits was that of Professor Simon Newcomb, the
astronomer, the property of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
Hardie painted for exhibition at the World's Fair a portrait of his wife,
GEORGE LOUIS CLARY 973
which was described by The Chicago Intcr-Ocean as a "picture radiant
with youth and beauty."
The homestead in Brattleboro, where he was born, he delighted in mak-
ing over with his own hands, and according to his taste, into an abode of
comfort and beauty for the decHning years of his parents ; here he passed
many summers at work in his barn studio on the same bit of ground.
He married Katherine R. Cullom, daughter of Senator Shelby Cullom
of Illinois; he married, second, October, 1899, Amy Sigourney Stone, who
was born February 28, 1870, daughter of Doctor Robert and Margaret
Stone of New York. She died January 6, 1904. He died January 9,
1904, leaving a son, Robert Gordon Hardie.
George Louis Clary
was the son of John E. and Helen Childs Clary, his mother being a daugh-
ter of Major A. B. Childs of Wilmington. He was born in Deerfield,
Massachusetts, in August, 1857, his father's family being the owners of
a considerable estate in the Deerfield meadows. In 1860 his parents
moved to Wilmington, where his father engaged in business, but died a
year or two later. The mother continued to live in Wilmington and the
son grew up there, attending the village school until 1873, when he came
to Brattleboro and learned the printer's trade in the office of George E.
Selleck. In this trade he became expert and followed it here and in
Bennington until the establishment of the Brattleboro telephone exchange,
when, warned that he could not safely continue an indoor life, he became
its electrician, and it was under his direction and by his own hands that a
very large part of the local telephone system, not only in Brattleboro but
in the connecting towns, was built up. Beginning with no practical ex-
perience and having the advantage of only limited technical knowledge of
the science of electricity, he mastered its intricate details and in the end
gave his work the finish of an expert. He was largely instrumental in
securing the introduction of the Gamewell fire-alarm system in Brattle-
boro, a work in which his public spirit was shown, and up to the time of
his final illness the apparatus was in his charge.
He had a great love for outdoor life and outdoor things and it was
through this characteristic, coupled with his deft and almost intuitive way
of performing work which to others was obscure or impossible, that he
became an accomplished taxidermist, leaving in the natural history mu-
seum and in many private .collections specimens of mounted birds and
animals which will long remain to testify to his skill and ready helpfulness
toward objects which appealed to his interest.
Few men were as familiarly known on Brattleboro streets as he, and
974 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
none met more in his round of daily life that covmted him their friend.
His energy and persistence were beyond his physical endurance and his
work was often done in the face of weakness and difficulty that would
have conquered one less active and hopeful. He had a ready wit, and not
infrequently a grim humor which turned the edge of many a shaft and
many a day of trial and disability. He was a stanch friend and unsparing
in personal service in answer to every call.
Mr. Clary was married August 23, 1883, to Flora J., the only daughter
of J. C. Cutting of Guilford, who was for several years a teacher in the
Brattleboro public schools; she was born in Boston November 20, 1847,
and died in 1918. Mr. Clary died in March, 1894.
Children :
Ruby, married William Duke, Junior, of Wellsville, New York. They
have three sons.
Oscar A. Marshall
Oscar A. Marshall was the second child and only son- of Azor and Ann
Esterbrook Marshall. Upon the marriage of his parents they took up
their residence in Oakgrove, Wisconsin, and here Oscar Azor was born
August 9, 1858. The family removed to Brattleboro while he was yet an
infant, and here his whole life was spent. He was educated in the public
schools, and immediately after leaving the High School in 1875 he entered
the Vermont National Bank, where he remained until 1883, when he
became assistant cashier of the Peoples National Bank. October 1, 1886,
upon the resignation, of W. A. Faulkner, Mr. Marshall was appointed
cashier, and this position he held until his death, enjoying to the fullest
degree the confidence and respect of the directors, of his associate em-
ployees and of the business community. He was a corporator of the
Vermont Savings Bank, the Brattleboro Savings Bank and the Wilming-
ton Savings Bank. He was one of the Brooks Library trustees under the
provisions of Mr. Brooks's will, and was one of the town auditors. He
was one of the original members of the Rural Improvement Association,
had been its secretary from the first, and was chairman of the executive
committee. He was a president of the High School Alumni Association.
Politically Mr. Marshall was a Democrat, and his party convictions and
associations were unwavering. Born too late to catch any of the intense
antagonisms which marked the period of the war, he looked for what
seemed to him the best in our politics, and he was fully and even aggres-
sively identified with the progressive element of his party. It was a
compliment of which any young man might be proud when, in 1890, he
was elected the representative from this strongly Republican town, and
OSCAR A. MARSHALL
WILFORD H. BRACKETT
WILLIAM BULLOCK CLARK
FREDERICK HOLBROOK
MARY E WILKINS
WOLCOTT BALESTIER
RUDYARD KIPLING
RUSSELL A. BIGELOW 975
at the beginning of the session of that year took his seat in the Legislature.
He introduced, among the earliest measures of the session, a bill estab-
lishing the secret ballot in Vermont, and it was largely through his activity
and oversight that this was enacted into a law, with such modifications as
were necessary, and found a permanent place upon the statute book. Mr.
Marshall was prominently mentioned as the Democratic candidate for
governor in 1893, but gave no countenance to the suggestion, and when,
later on, he was put upon the ticket for lieutenant-governor, he declined
the nomination.
His whole life, from childhood to maturity, was spent in the open view
of the Brattleboro community, and of him it can be said in the fullest sense
that there was no stain or blemish upon his record. As a boy and man
he was a lover of outdoor life and outdoor sports to an unusual degree.
He was an enthusiastic wheelman, a prominent member of the Vermont
Wheel Club and its first president ; he could box, and fence, and row, and
tramp the hills; he liked hunting and fishing; but none of these prevented
him from entering into the refinements of society, as they certainly did
not keep him from being pure, and true, and wholesome, and manly, in
every fiber. To his many intimate friends, it seemed that his sincere good
will was his strongest characteristic.
He married September 25, 1883, Katherine R. Brooks, daughter of
Francis W. Brooks ; he died May 2-1, 1893. She died July 29, 1906.
Children :
Elizabeth G., married October 31, 1912, William E. Smythe.
Oscar B., born November 1, 1888.
Russell A. Bigelow
Russell A. Bigelow, son of William H. and Mary Hayes Bigelow, was
born in Sioux City, Iowa, July 22, 1859. When his family returned to
West Brattleboro in 1870, he attended the Brattleborough Academy, and
united with the Congregational Church in 1875. He prepared for college
at the Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven, and graduated at Yale in
1881, where he held high rank as a student and was president of the
Boat Crew two years. He took a postgraduate course of one year at
Yale, and graduated at the Columbia Law School in 1884.
He practiced law in New York City, was a member of the University
Club and Bar Association ; was on the Examining Committee of the Yale
Alumni Association ; he was secretary of the New York Congregational
Club, and trustee of the Brattleborough Academy.
He died November 2, 1890, aged thirty-one, respected and beloved by all
who knew him.
976 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Doctor William Bullock Clark
Doctor William Bullock Clark was born December 15, 1860, the son
of Barna A. and Helen C. (Bullock) Clark. Doctor Clark was educated
in the Brattleboro public schools, graduating from the High School class
of 1879, at Amherst College, class of 1884, and after his graduation there
at the Royal University of Munich, where he was under the instruction
of the renowned Professor von Zittel. He took a course of three years,
winning the degree of Ph.D. in 1887. While in Europe he traveled
extensively, studying in London and Berlin, while in Germany publishing
in the German language a pamphlet on the geology of the Northern
Tyrolese Alps.
On his return to this country in 1887 he was called to Johns Hopkins
University as instructor of geology', and to organize a course in strati-
graphical geology and paleontology. In 1889 he was made associate and
in 1892 associate professor, and upon the death of Professor Williams
he was made full professor and head of the department of geology. In
1888 he was appointed a member of the United States Geological Survey,
and instructed to write one of a series of reports on the existing knowl-
edge of American geology. In 1893 he was appointed by Secretary Smith
geologist in charge of Northern Coastal Plain. In 1889 he was sent by
the United States Survey into the southern states and to' the Rocky
Mountains to carry on investigations. In 1891 he was instrumental in
organizing the Maryland state weather service of which he became the
head, being appointed the director by the governor. He conducted for
years some extensive geological investigations in cooperation with the
Geological Survey of New Jersey. He was the author of several books
on American Geology and Paleontology, among them the Eocene of the
United States in 1892.
In 1896 he was appointed state geologist of Maryland.- Shortly after
his appointment Doctor Clark organized a movement for the improvement
of state roads, and in 1898 the Legislature passed an act whereby the
roads were placed under the supervision of the geological department,
and Doctor Clark was thus given control of them.
Doctor Clark was appointed by the government to survey the boundary
between Maryland and Pennsylvania, and in 1900 he was appointed com-
missioner of the state of Maryland to resurvey the Mason and Dixon line.
He was executive officer of the Maryland state forestry commission ;
president of the Maryland branch of the National Conservation Associa-
tion; president of the Children's Aid Society of Baltimore; member of
the National Academy of Sciences; foreign correspondent of the Geolog-
ical Society of London and a fellow of several scientific organizations.
FREDERICK HOLBROOK, II 977
After the fire of February 7 and 8, 1904, Mayor McLane appointed
Doctor Clark a member of the emergency commission, and as such he
rendered valuable service to the city. By Mayor Timanus he was ap-
pointed a member of the committee on city improvements, and was one
of the first persons to advocate the building of an up-to-date sewer system.
He was also a member of the committee appointed to investigate the
advisability of widening the streets in the down-town district after the fire.
There was in Doctor Clark's nature a remarkable blending of vision,
great executive, and warm human sympathy, so that the rewards of life
were always received by him in proportion to the effort made, and in
both he found a wholesome joy.
His attitude towards the University was a realization of "its duty to
foster and encourage individual endeavors in all forms of research and
investigation."
Brattleboro has a monument to Doctor Clark in the Natural History
Society which he was instrumental in organizing in 1SS8, helping to start
its museum in connection with the Brooks Library. He died July, 1917.
He was a nonresident member of the Centre Congregational Church,
Brattleboro.
Doctor Clark married October 12, 1892, Ellen Clarke, daughter of
Edward Strong Clarke of Boston. He died July, 1917.
Children :
Edward Strong, born in Baltimore April 16, 1894.
Helen, married Findley Clarke of Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.
Atherton.
Alarion.
Frederick Holbrook, II
Frederick Holbrook, II, was born in Lynn, Massachusetts, July 30, 18G1,
the son of Franklin Fessenden and Anna (Nourse) Holbrook. He was
sent to Brattleboro at ten years of age to try the efifect of a change of
climate on a sensitive throat ; he grew up here in the home and under the
immediate care of his grandparents, and went through the grades of the
public schools, graduating from the High School in the class of 1880.
His large general capacity was at that time recognized by Mr. Bingham,
who also found him the most apt mathematician who had ever come under
his teaching.
Ambition for further education was thwarted by weak eyes, which de-
barred him from West Point, prevented his entrance on a college course
after passing examinations for Columbia and, at a later time, the same
obstacle interrupted the study of law begun with his uncle, William C.
Holbrook, in New York.
978 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
It was an opportune invitation from cousins who were moving West
that turned his attention to the desirabilit}- of a hfe in the open air, and
he spent a year on their ranch in southern Colorado.
But his boyhood friend, WilHam Brooks Cabot, with whom he had
hunted, fished and trapped in the country around Brattleboro was a civil
engineer on the Union Pacific Railroad, and through his influence Fred-
erick Holbrook entered the employ of that road as rodman in 1885, and
without any previous preparation, except his talent for mathematics and
love of hard work, was soon promoted to the position of engineer on loca-
tion and construction, and division engineer on the Oregon Short Line and
Utah & Northern Railroad.
He married, April 13, 1887, Grace, daughter of Norman F. and Lucy
(Brooks) Cabot and sister of William Brooks Cabot.
The year after their marriage he was stationed at Pocatello, Idaho, to
widen the gauge between Pocatello, Butte and Omaha, but returned East
in 1888 and for four years was assistant engineer on the New York, New
Haven & Hartford Railroad.
He relinquished this position to become one of the construction firm,
Holbrook, Cabot (W. B.) & Daley, and in 1900, head of the engineering
and construction corporation, Holbrook, Cabot & Rollins of Boston.
During the course of his career as engineer, he gave his personal super-
vision to many of the large constructive enterprises on the New York,
New Haven & Hartford Railroad.
His firm also built two bridges across the Charles River from Boston
to Cambridge, the Charles River Dam and Esplanade, the wet dock at the
Boston Navy Yard, six bridges across the Connecticut River, the subway
from Great Jones to 33d Street, New York, five miles of the Catskill
Aqueduct from 14th Street to Brooklyn vmder the East River at a depth
of seven hundred feet, the dry dock at Brooklyn, the subway structure
under Times Square, etc., etc.
Early in 1916 he opened an office in Petrograd for furnishing supplies
to the Kola Railroad, and other similar undertakings. In August of that
year he was elected vice-president of the American International Corpora-
tion and in September was appointed Russian representative of that
corporation. He remained in Russia through the first Revolution and
until August, 1917, when it became impossible to have further relations
with the Russian government. From ^larch to the end of the year 1918,
during the Great War, at the request of the management of the Emergency
Fleet Corporation, he took charge of construction at the government ship-
yard at Hog Island, Pennsylvania, as managing director, and on his resig-
nation was made president of the American International Shipbuilding
Corporation.
CHARLES WOLCOTT BALESTIER 979
In the spring of 1919 he was elected president of the Grace-American
International Corporation. It was in the interests of this corporation that
he sailed in December, 1919, for the investigation of opportunities for
reopening negotiations with Russia.
He died en route, February 3, 1920, at the American Hospital Neuilly,
Paris.
From the time Holbrook, Cabot & Rollins established an office in Boston
Mr. and Mrs. Holbrook made their permanent residence in, or in the
neighborhood of, that city.
In 1904 he purchased Naulahka, the former residence of Rudyard
Kipling, where their summers were afterwards passed. He soon added
the Scott, and Stephen Button farms to his Naulahka property and gave
his recreational time to the enjoyment of an_inherited taste for agriculture.
He was endowed with a powerful intellect, great tenacity of purpose,
unbounded energy, and unfailing optimism. Kindness and fairness
marked his dealings with high and low -alike who worked with him. His
relation to his friends was one of loyalty and devotion without measure.
Mr. and Mrs. Holbrook had three children :
Lucy, born February 27, 1888; died January 28, 1909.
Frederick Cabot, born May 13, 1890; graduated from Milton Academy,
1907; Harvard University, 1911; Institute of Technology, 1913.
Grace Ware.
Charles Wolcott Balestier
Charles Wolcott Balestier was born in Rochester, New York, December
13, 1861, but he spent much of his life in Brattleboro in the home of his
grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. J. N. Balestier, during his childhood as a
pupil in the school of Miss Amelia Tyler, 1870, and later for long or short
vacations. His education was of a desultory character except for a course
in early English at Cornell — but he had a precocious mind and was an
omnivorous reader.
He had an official position in the Astor Library when comparatively
young — published two stories, and made a more notable venture by
writing a life of Mr. J. G. Blaine at a few days' notice, for the political
campaign of 1884. He was editor for several years of a three-cent weekly,
Tid-bits, advertised to contain "Humor, Fiction, News, Anecdotes and
Gossip."
To his friends at this time when he was without general recognition,
he exhibited all the promise of his maturer years, the ideality, brilliancy,
wit and the sensitive discrimination of values in the drama of human life.
"Victorious Defeat," his first novel, was published in 1886. In 1885 he
980 ANNALS OF BR.-\TTLEBORO
traveled west as far as Colorado and the result of that winter's. experi-
ence was another novel, "Benefits Forgot." By this time he had fully
determined on the nature of his literarj- career as a writer of romance.
In 1S8S John W. Lovell, the publisher, sent him to England to represent
his firm and to open an office in London.
Both Henry James and Edmund Gosse, who at the end wrote of his life
in the magazines of the day, spoke of his "unparalleled conquest of
literary London," probably leaving behind him a wider circle of literary
friends than any living American possessed. "His peerless genius, Na-
poleonic in its extent, as a man of business," was in their judgment more
important than his literary gift.
He soon made himself one of the publishing firm of Heinemann &
Balestier, whose office was in Dean's Yard, Westminster, and set in
motion the English Library, an association for the larger diffusion on
the continent of English and American books, which was destined to
rival that of the famous Tauchnitz. The firm had a branch in Leipsic.
He made two small contributions to the pages of The Century in 1899,
"A Common Story," and "Reffie," — and in the same year, having estab-
lished a home life for himself and his sister Caroline in London, welcomed
there Rudyard Kipling just arrived from India to meet his fame, and with
whom "The Naulahka" was written in collaboration. But the best of
Wolcott Balestier's writing is to be found in letters to friends, with whom
he is an imperishable memory.
The engagement of his sister, Caroline S. Balestier, to Rudyard Kipling
had not been announced when the cable brought the news of Wolcott's
death, December 6, 1891, at the early age of thirty, of malignant typhus,
in Dresden, whither he had gone in the interests of the English Library,
and in that city his mortal remains lie buried.
Unfortunately, as A. Conan Doyle said of him in a letter to The Pall
Mall Gazette, "the finest instrument is usually the most delicate, and no
one could look at his eager, finely chiseled face without feeling that its
intense spirituality was as sure an index of a weak body as of a powerful
and lofty mind."
Mr. Balestier's office was a sort of literary oasis in London. It over-
looked Dean's Yard, that quiet spot just outside the current of life under
the shadow of Westminster Abbey. Here gathered in twos or threes
most of the famous literary men in England or America who happened
to be in London.
Robert Barr wrote after his death:
"To the Englishman almost any one who comes from the western
side of the Atlantic is a typical American, but Balestier was a typical
American to Americans themselves. I never met anyone who had such
SCOTT FARM FROM SKETCH BY R. G. HARDIE, JR.
LITTLE RED SCHOOLHOUSE
WILDER BROOK CASCADE
VIEW FROM BUSS FARM
RUDYARD KIPLING 981;
a sincere love of country as had Balestier. Although he was a most shy,
modest and unobtrusive young man, this devotion to his country and his
never ceasing yearning to return to it cropped out in letters and speech.
"He always referred to himself as a storage battery that needed to go
back to America periodically to be charged. 'I like to get into a country,'
he said once, 'where they understand a joke — where if you make a flippant
remark to a railway conductor, he appreciates your motive at least, and
gives answer in kind. A man here looks stolidly at you as if you were a
freak. America is like the easy, spring}- turf, restful to the tired foot.
England is the solid unyielding pavement.'
"When I dropped in on him for the last time at Dean's Yard I found
him seated in a comfortable armchair with a light Japanese table at his
elbow on which rested a dainty little tea service.
" 'Is it possible,' I said when he sprang up, 'that so intense an American
as you are has fallen into the entirely English habit of having tea in his
office? This is not patriotic'
" 'It is not only possible and patriotic but, what is more wonderful,
another intense American is going to have tea with me. I push the button
and the housekeeper does the rest,' saying which he touched the electric
bell. 'The fact is,' he continued, 'we have a climate in America. They
haven't in this country. About four o'clock in the afternoon a man must
have tea or gin to keep his spirits from sinking, and I prefer tea.'
"We sat there talking for a long time and, with that ignorance of the
future common to all humanity, arranged to visit the book fair at Leipsic
together, little thinking that before then one would be writing these
words of remembrance and regret in London and the other lying in his
grave in Dresden in exile forever."
RuDYARD Kipling
Rudyard Kipling's interest as author in the young publishing firm,
Heinemann & Balestier, brought him into personal relations with Wolcott
Balestier, at whose London house he spent six weeks. Wolcott Balestier's
older sister was his homemaker in this foreign field and so happily did
she fill her place that she soon won the admiration and love of the literary
genius.
They were married in January, 1892. The untimely death of Wolcott
Balestier on the eve of their marriage turned the thoughts of Mrs. Kip-
ling to those who remained of her family in America -and to the places
of early association, chief of which was the residence of the grandparents,
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph N. Balestier, among the hills of Vermont, three
miles from Brattleboro.
982 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
And so it was that on February 8, 1892, they arrived in Brattleboro to
visit a younger' brother, who lived on the edge of the Balestier estate.
, Late in the spring they returned and began housekeeping in a cottage
belonging to Bliss farm, and it soon became known that, during the brief
visit in February, they had purchased a pasture site of thirteen acres on
which to build their first home.
An old friend of the Balestier family, Henry Rutgers Marshall, was
chosen to be the architect, and the name, as fitted the union between East
and West, was to be Naulahka. By the time it was ready for occupancy
little Josephine, their first child, had come and was old enough to move
with them.
Another child, Elsie, was born there in January, 1896.
They took possession of the new house in the autumn of 1892, and
from that time until the events leading to their final departure, August 28,
1896, their life at Naulahka was one of great happiness to its inmates and
of corresponding pleasure to the friends who shared its unique charm.
In the library at Naulahka, on whose mantel Mr. J. Lockwood Kipling,
the father of Rudyard, inscribed the words, "For the Night Cometh When
no Man Works," were written the two Jungle Books, the two volumes of
short stories entitled "The Day's Work," most of the poems included
in the '.'Seven Seas," and "Captains Courageous."
Doctor James Conland of this town was the beloved physician to the
Kipling household; he introduced Mr. Kipling to the life of the Gloucester
fishermen, among whom they spent some weeks together, the product
of this experience being the tale, "Captains Courageous."
Mr. Kipling obtained from the government an order to open a post
office for his private use September 10, 1895. The office was in the Waite
house at the crossroads leading to Naulahka, and was given the name
Waite. Miss Anna F. Waite was postmistress.
RUDYARD KIPLING
As Seen in His Vermont Home
By
Reverend C. O. Day
1899
I am asked to give a few glimpses, as I myself caught them, of the life '
of the famous author whose recent illness has called out such universal
and anxious affection.
Mr. Kipling dislikes and forbids a sensational or mercenary invasion of
his private life, but, if I understand him, he welcomes the words of friends
who love and admire him, and who can scarcely be counted for number,
RUDYARD KIPLING 983
even though they speak of traits in the man himself which, even more
than his books, have bound them to him. Perhaps, therefore, he will not
be displeased at the telling of a few impressions from one whom the
merest chance of proximity, though a most valued one, threw for a little
time into his company.
I remember my first sight of Mr. Kipling in the early days of his con-
nection with Brattleboro, Vermont, two miles north of which he built
his mountain home, Naulahka, I being a pastor in that village. I hap-
pened to dine at the same table with him at the hotel, and though I
recognized him from portraits which I had seen, I might have done so
from the constant play of comment from him as his eye fell on every little
object in the room with the liveliest curiosity. Some time after he was
present at the Thanksgiving dinner in the home of a dear friend of his
wife and her family, and I recall his vivid description, given for the
benefit of children present, of the doings of the troops of monkeys — the
too familiar inhabitants of the gardens and even dwellings of his Indian
homes. The style of the Jungle Books, which had not then seen the light,
was in the story-telling. A number of months later, when his house was
building and he occupied a cottage near it, I saw there his father, the
eminent author and artist, who kindly showed me certain precious and
unique photographs of religious scenes and customs in India, and who
personally impressed me as one of the most noble, quiet, sweet-natured,
rarely bred gentlemen I had ever seen, with an eye and brow that, because
of the deeper experience in them, surpassed even the expression of his
gifted son. I also went through the partly constructed Naulahka and
heard the owner describe its theory. He called it a ship, with the pro-
peller, that is, the material provision of the furnace and kitchen, at the
stern, and his own study, opening upon the roomy piazza looking to the
south and east, at the bow. He pointed out JNIonadnock, just visible over
the Chesterfield hills, and spoke of the impression, affecting his whole life,
received from Emerson's poem on that mountain.
It was a good many months after before I was willing to call upon him
again, knowing his preference for retirement; but when I did so, I felt
that I had been unneighborly in leaving the attention so long, and I said
so, pleading occupation, but saying that that was no excuse. "But any-
way it was a reason," he said, so kindly and quickly as to put me at my
ease at once, implying that the call would have been welcome, but he did
not blame me for not making it. After that I called frequently, spending
many Monday afternoons for a series of months through the winter and
spring and early summer of the year 1895. I thus enjoyed Mr. Kipling's
companionship, both in an indoor and an outdoor way. He was intensely
interested in all athletics, though playing more like a poet than an athlete.
984 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He would discourse most eloquently about the uses of the "ski," of snow-
shoeing and of golf. His play was good, but his dramatic description im-
mensely better. We played golf over snow two feet deep, upon the crust,
cutting holes into the soft snow, and naturally losing the balls, until it
occurred to him to ink them red. The first day we experimented with
them we dyed the plain like some football gridiron or Hohenlinden ; then
we had them painted. The trouble with golfing on the crust was that,
as the meadow was upon a side hill with gradual slope, a ball went on
forever when once started unless headed off by some kindly stone wall or
by one's opponent. It was an easy matter to make a drive of two miles.
As spring came little putting greens emerged like oases in the snow, and
then we had holes made of empty vegetable cans sunk in the moist soil,
round which we would manceuvre in rubber boots. For a touch of cour-
tesy I recollect his intentional miss of a hole one inch away, throwing the
victory to me, who was a stroke and five yards behind him. Retiring from
outdoor sports, we would repair to the library for tea and talk.
Mr. Kipling was most generous in his gift of entertainment ; his con-
versation was precisely like his books at their best, and touched upon a
wide range of subjects. He rarely referred to his own methods of work,
though now and then he read a fragment of his writings ; and I recollect
certain chapters from "Captains Courageous," the poem "The American
Spirit," and portions of the striking ode, not then completed, "Hymn be-
fore Action." He would talk interestingly, clearly, brilliantly upon Such
topics as classes in English society, the amusements of remote rajahs in
India, English newspapers and periodicals, especially when the mail came
in, for which he had his private post office, American politics, at whose
jingoism, especially at the time of the Venezuela incident, he would smile
a quiet smile, with mental comparison of American and English navies.
A favorite subject was children, their seriousness and their depth; he
said that he who could reach the child's heart could reach the world's
heart. We never actually touched upon religious themes, except indi-
rectly, but he spoke of the Bible and his intimate knowledge of it, which
was evident enough, and once he extemporized a sermon from the text,
"Put on the whole armor of God," at my request, to give me a line for a
soldier's sermon for the following Sunday, in which Roman armor to its
minutest detail was mentioned and moralized.
All through my brief association with him the impression of the deep
reverence and profound faith of the author of "McAndrew's Hymn" and
the "Recessional" grew upon me, absolutely unclassifiable by schools, orig-
inal and sincere, and holding the very essence of the ethical and Christian
genius of his family and race. A certain boyishness, gleefully rejoicing
in tumbles over the "skis," in chasing after lost golf balls, in snowshoe
WILFORD H. BRACKETT 985
catastrophes, deepened in him into the clear, sweet, unfailing and un-
fathomed religious spirit of one who lives near the heart of nature and of
truth. I cannot understand how he has been referred to as churlish or
as irreverent. He resists unwarranted intrusion, he has sharp words for
impertinences, he hates hypocrisy, he may bluntly speak out justice instead
of expediency where the first is meet. But for all that, like the type of
man in his own poem, he is one who fears God and respects man in
such a spirit as to be himself a worshipful man and a "gentleman un-
afraid." What would have been the development of his powers if the
long, quiet period of thought and study which he planned to pursue in his
Vermont home had not been rudely interrupted it is impossible to say.
That English literature as he adorns it has been radically modified is
certain. There may have been no loss. The "Recessional" might not have
been written. Gifts like his will make their way under any skies. And
now that a dear light has failed for him, though shining elsewhere, the
associations of Naulahka can never be the same even should he return
thither. I cannot forget the vision of the childish figure of a little girl of
four years old, clasping a great English doll as large as herself, and
marching up and down upon the sofa saying with surprise, half to herself
and half to her father, "Why, I can almost lift it" (meaning she could
hardly lift it). The thought of her leads one to wonder what effect the
recent experience of the shadow of death, as he has been drawn into it in
person and has suffered there the parting from that radiant little spirit,
will have upon Mr. Kipling's genius and future work. At least two
worlds, one of them in a sense new and one greater than he himself has
measured, have been opened to him — one, the world of the invisible, into
which a child's cradle, as it was in the story of long ago, is his open door;
the other, the world of human love, so wonderfully discovered as it has
flowed around and flooded in upon him within the last weeks. He has
had to pay a great price for these, for all the beatitudes are costly, espe-
cially the second, but only because they hold so much of the gift of God.
WiLFORD H. BrACKETT
Wilford H. Brackett was born August 14, 1864, the only son of Dana
F. and Lucy A. (Taylor) Brackett. He attended the public schools,
leaving the High School at the end of his junior year, in 1880, to become
a clerk in the store of John J. Ray. In 1884 he took the position of book-
keeper and secretary for the Valley Mill Company, remaining in the
employ of that concern two years. His connection with the Peoples Bank
covered a period of over thirty years, beginning April 1, 1886.
In 1889 he was advanced from the position of bookkeeper to that of
assistant cashier and in 1893, following the death of Oscar A. Marshall,
986 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
he was chosen by the directors for the position of cashier. In 1910 he was
elected vice-president of the bank. In 1898, following the death of George
S. Dowley of the Vermont National Bank, he was appointed treasurer
of the town and had filled that position ever since by annual election. In
this year he was strongly supported as a candidate for state treasurer
at the time when the late John L. Bacon of White River Junction received
the Republican nomination.
Mr. Brackett was one of the most capable bank men the state of Ver-
mont has ever produced. He came to a position of great responsibility
at an early age, but he immediately gave evidence of exceptional ability.
Under his direction the Peoples Bank grew rapidly and for years was
known as one of the strongest national banks in the state. His judgment
was sound in all business affairs and he was frequently called upon to
settle estates and to act as counselor of people needing advice in financial
matters. Bankers outside of the state had long recognized Mr. Brackett
as a man of exceptional capabilities and on more than one occasion he had
been offered executive positions with large city banks. He, however,
believed that the upbuilding of the Peoples Bank was his life work and
always declined the offers from larger institutions.
Mr. Brackett was one of the past presidents of the Vermont Wheel
Club. He was an enthusiastic Free Mason and after filling the offices
of junior and senior warden of Brattleboro Lodge was elected worshipful
master, but declined that honor, as it came at the time when the manage-
ment of the bank devolved on him.
Mr. Brackett married August 1, 1888, Bertha M. Hines, daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. George A. Hines of Brattleboro; a son, Roger Arnold
Brackett. A sister, Lucie I. (Brackett), married Denison Cowles.
Mr. Brackett's record in business and personal life was true and
honorable in every relation. He died July 9, 191G.
Clarke Gushing Fitts
Mr. Fitts was so clearly identified with the constructive influences of
modern Brattleboro that his career belongs to another period than the one
with which this book is concerned, — but he came to Brattleboro in 1885
and while in his twenties manifested here the potency of the great lawyer,
adding one other to Brattleboro's roll of men of legal talent.
He was born in West Wardsboro, October 17, 1870, a son of Osmer and
Abbie (Twitchell) Fitts. His father, who was the village merchant, died
when Mr. Fitts was fourteen years old, placing responsibility upon him
at that early age.
He attended the district school and a private school, where he had an
CLARKE GUSHING FITTS 987
especially good teacher. A few terms at Leland and Gray Seminary in
Townshend followed, and he was in the Brattleboro High School a year
under Benjamin F. Bingham, graduating in the class of ISSG, before he
was sixteen years of age.
After teaching for a while in Stratton Mr. Fitts came to Brattleboro in
January, 1888, and began the study of law in the office of Waterman,
Martin & Hitt. He was admitted to the Vermont bar by the Supreme
Court October 21, 1891, four days after he was twenty-one. He at once
opened an office in Crosby Block and was immediately successful.
Mr. Fitts married June 14, 1893, Harriet H., daughter of Deacon Stan-
ley and Sarah J. Lyon of South Londonderry. She died March 15, 1897,
leaving two sons: Robert Lyon, born August 16, 1894, a graduate of
Phillips Exeter Academy in 1911 ; Dartmouth College, 1915, and a student
in the Harvard Law School, 1916-1917; he married, February 5, 1920,
Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Mrs. Lucy Nes of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Stanley Clarke, left Dartmouth College in his Sophomore year to enlist in
the Great War ; married Miss Phyllis Lang.
On June 30, 1903, !Mr. Fitts married Miss Maud Lenore Emerson of
Brattleboro, daughter of Sumner B. and Martha (Bales) Emerson. By
this marriage there is a son, Osmer Clarke, and a daughter, Miriam.
His mother, Mrs. Abbie Fitts, and two sisters. Miss Mary F. Fitts and
Miss Florence A. Fitts, came with Mr. Fitts to make their home in Brattle-
boro.
The case which first brought him prominently before the public, when
he was in his early twenties, was the Marlboro South Pond case, which
he won for the people of Marlboro against a wealthy syndicate who tried
to maintain exclusive fishing privileges on the pond by buying all the land
around it. After the victory had been won Judge Read of Bellows Falls,
who was associated with him in the case, declared that Mr. Fitts had the
most remarkable memory of any man he had ever known, and he told how
the young lawyer could give the details of the sixty and more transfers of
land around the pond when the number of any deed was called, covering
a period of over one hundred years.
In 1902 Mr. Fitts was counsel in the Thompson will case, in which Brat-
tleboro beneficiaries were concerned. Two years later he was senior coun-
sel for the plaintifif in the suit of the Casein Company of America, operat-
ing in Bellows Falls, against Alden Speare's Sons of Boston. This case
affected the fortunes of a business amounting to millions of dollars
annually, and it ended in a victory for the Casein Company.
One of the largest, if not the largest, clients Mr. Fitts ever had was
the Publishers' Paper Company — a Maine corporation which owned at the
time some four hundred thousand acres of timber land in the White Moun-
988 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
tains and in Maine. William A. Hall resigned as president of the com-
pany on account of differences and sued the company, engaging Mr. Fitts
as counsel. Oakleigh Thorne, a New York banker, who was Mr. Hall's
successor, was impressed by the ability shown by Mr. Fitts and retained
him not only for the Publishers' Paper Company, but as counsel in per-
sonal matters, including ^Ir. Thome's connection with the Motor Petrol
Company of New Jersey.
A few of the most important individuals and companies who retained
Mr. Fitts as counsel were: the Conway Lumber Company, having large
holdings in the White Mountains ; the New England Power Company and
Connecticut River Power Company and allied power companies ; the
International Paper Company in various special matters ; the Fall Moun-
tain Electric Light and Power Company of Bellows Falls ; the Claremont
Paper Company ; all the paper companies in Bellows Falls in the tax
matters growing out of the state boundary line controversy; the Deerfield
Lumber Corporation as general counsel ; the Central Vermont and Boston
& Maine Railroads in various matters ; the Peoples National Bank ; the
Vermont National Bank; the Brattleboro Trust Company; the Vermont
Savings Bank ; the Estey Organ Company ; the White River Chair Com-
pany ; the S. A. Smith Manufacturing Company ; the Fort Dummer Mills ;
the Hooker, Corser & jNIitchell Company, and many other firms, institu-
tions and individuals. ,
Mr. Fitts believed that Vermont's hope of future industrial development
lay in the conservation of the state's water supply. When in 1902 the
idea of building a dam across the Connecticut River at Brattleboro was
revived after having lain dormant since 1883, Mr. Fitts appeared as coun-
sel for a local committee before the Legislature of that year, from which a
charter was secured after much difficulty. He also represented Brattle-
boro at hearings before the New Hampshire Legislature early in 1903 when
a similar charter was procured in that state.
As representative from Brattleboro in the Legislature of 1904 he secured
important amendments to the original charter, and it was largely through
his instrumentality, in the face of much skepticism, that the Chace-Harri-
man interests were induced to undertake the project. He was also the
directing head of all the legal work incident to the formation of the cor-
porations which furnished funds for the enterprise, and his connection
with the power project continued after the completion of the Vernon
development. Upon his shoulders fell the task of making legally possible
the construction of the immense storage reservoir at the head of the
Deerfield River in the town of Somerset, and the building of a series of
power plants on this stream between Wilmington and the Hoosac tunnel.
He was anxious to see established at the headwaters of every important
ORA E. BUTTERFIELD 989
watercourse a storage reservoir which would equalize the stream's flow
throughout the year and minimize periods of drouth. Largely through
his efforts, the Legislature passed a bill empowering the governor to
appoint a commission with authority to investigate feasible locations from
such reservoirs and report to the General Assembly of 1917.
Mr. Fitts took an active part in Republican politics and became a
familiar figure in local caucuses and county, district and state conventions.
He was but thirty-four years old in 1904 when he was sent as representa-
tive to the Legislature, served as chairman of the judiciary committee
and as a member of the ways and means committee.
It was at this session that the office of attorney general was created,
and Mr. Fitts was the choice of the Legislature to fill that important
position, and served in that capacity for two biennial terms.
For some years previous to his election to the office of attorney general,
Mr. Fitts was on one side or the other of nearly all the cases which came
before the Windham County Court at Newfane, but his attention later was
more and more given to cases outside the jurisdiction of that court.
For several years he had the assistance of Attorney Hermon E. Eddy
and Harold E. Whitney, former students in his office.
.In 1912 Mr. Fitts was elected president of the Vermont Bar Association.
He was a strong believer in state prohibition as a temperance measure,
and he had a formidable array of facts at his command in support of his
contention.
From 1901 Mr. Fitts had been a member of the Centre Congregational
Church, was one of its supporters and a member of the board of religious
education and of the prudential committee.
He died in Watertown, Massachusetts, December 20, 1916, at the age
of forty-six.
Or.\ E. Butterfield
Ora E. Butterfield, descendant of Benjamin Butterfield, one of the
earliest settlers in Brattleboro, was born in 1870, the only son of Oscar
H. and Rosalia (Elmer) Butterfield. He graduated from the High
School in 1886, taking a postgraduate course of a year, and later gradu-
ated from the Childs business school in Springfield, Massachusetts, com-
pleting the full course in a time never before equaled.
He worked in a loan and trust company's office in Greeley, Colorado,
a year or more, and then entered the law department of the University of
Michigan, from which he graduated a month before he was twenty-one
years old. He was admitted to the bar on the day that he was twenty-one
and at once began practice in Ann Arbor. At the age of twenty-five he
was elected one of the aldermen of that city.
990 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He soon attracted the attention of the Michigan Central railway officials
and was engaged by them in legal work. His advancement was rapid, and
within a few years he was made general counsel of the Michigan Central.
For several years he lived in Detroit, but the New York Central wanted
him for more important work and he was called to New York and placed
in charge of all that railroad's rate work and in other matters, in which
appearance before the interstate commerce commission was necessary. In
later years his title was general solicitor, his position being one of the
highest, from a legal standpoint, in the New York Central's offices.
Mr. Butterfield from childhood was a brilliant student and in his life
work had made a record excelled by no young man of this generation born
in southern Vermont with the possible exception of Clarke C. Fitts. He
was a man of religious convictions and an enthusiastic supporter of the
Universalist Church. He served at one time as vice-president of the
Universalist general convention, the most important layman's position in
that denomination in the United States. Mr. Butterfield was a visitor to
Brattleboro almost every year, and was the speaker at the High School
graduation here in 1907. He married Amy I. Dunklee, daughter of Scott
and Hannah Jenks Dunklee. She graduated from the Brattleboro High
School in 1888 and received the degree of B.S. from Columbia University
in 1919. Their daughter Helen married James Dowes Williams.
Ora E. Butterfield died December 23, 1916.
Starr Willard Cutting
Professor of Germanic Languages and Literature in the
University of Chicago
Starr Willard Cutting was born October 14, 1858, the son of Henry M.
and Cornelia L. (Starr) Cutting of West Brattleboro. He graduated
from Williams College in 1881, A.M., 1892; was principal of the Deer-
field Academy from 1881 to 1886 ; a student in the Universities of Leipsic
and Geneva from 1886 to 1888; a graduate student 1890-1891; Ph.D.,
1893, at Johns Hopkins. He married September 11, 1887, Mary E., daugh-
ter of Doctor P. H. Derby of Springfield, Massachusetts, who graduated
in 1890-1891 and received Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1893. Children:
Winifred, Edith, CHfton.
He was professor of modern languages in the University of South
Dakota from 1888 to 1890 ; professor of German and French in Earlham
College, Indiana, 1891-1892; in the University of Chicago, assistant pro-
fessor of German, 1892-1894; associate professor of German, 1894-1900;
MARY HOWE 991
professor of German literature, 1900-1906; professor and head of the
department of Germanic languages and literature since 190G.
He is the author of several critical works on German grammar and
German literature; also Robert Wesselhoeft, Jena Burschenschaften, Ger-
man Revolutionary and American Citizens, 1911; Uber die Schriften des
Jenner Burschenschafters und Amerikanscher Arztes Robert Wessel-
hoeft.
Mary Howe
Mary Howe's musical talent manifested itself in earliest childhood, and
had the advantage of careful training from the first. Her father and
mother were both singers. The father, C. L. Howe, had a notably sweet
tenor voice, and not only sang in church and concerts but taught in old-
time singing-schools. Miss Howe's older brother Lucien has been a stu-
dent of music and a composer of creditable works for the piano. In her
home, where all were musical and where the works of the best composers
were played and sung, Miss Howe learned her first lessons. Her voice
in childhood possessed a more than childish fullness and beauty, and the
music-loving people of the town very early became acquainted with her
singing in various cantatas, operettas and concerts, in which she took a
leading part. Her first effort in the dramatic line was made when ten
years of age, during the Pinafore furor, she took the part of Joseph-
ine in a performance given by young people. She received instruc-
tion in piano playing from her brother, who directed her musical educa-
tion with the greatest care; at sixteen years of age she went with him to
Boston where during two winters she received vocal lessons from Charles
R. Adams, and later to Philadelphia, continuing her studies under Pro-
fessor S. Behrens, with special reference to an operatic career.
In 1886 Miss Howe sailed for Europe with her brother, there to com-
plete her preparation for the operatic stage.
She at once attracted attention in Dresden by the unusual beauty of
her voice and the critics hailed her as a star of the first magnitude. The
following autumn she gave her. first public concert before an audience fill-
ing every corner of the concert hall. After singing repeatedly in other
German cities, she accepted an engagement for sixteen appearances at
Kroll's in Berlin, a theater where many celebrated singers have been
introduced to fame and fortune. Her operatic debut was made in La
Sonnambula and was a brilliant success. She afterwards appeared in
three roles, as Amina, Rosine and Lucia, repeating in each the success of
her first appearance. The coloratura voice is seldom found among Ger-
mans and the novelty, as well as the quality of her voice, enhanced the
enthusiasm with which she was received.
993 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
In the summer of 1888 she returned on a visit to her native country
and on August 17 made her American debut in Brattleboro. The Connect-
icut valley towns joined in the ovation that greeted her and people came
from various sections of the state, from New Hampshire and Massachu-
setts. Professor Christian F. Schuster of Greenfield conducted the Phil-
harmonic Orchestra. The committee of citizens with ex-Governor Hol-
brook at the head and N. I. Hawley as one of the chief workers, carried
out every detail to make it one of Brattleboro's important "occasions."
Others who had affiliations here, took part — Mrs. E. Aline Osgood-
Dexter came to her old home from her new home in Philadelphia; Mrs.
Edmund R. Pratt, as Hattie Brasor, a former schoolmate who was to win
laurels later on; W. H. Bigelow of West Brattleboro, and Fred A. Flagg
of Wilmington, whose study in New York had developed his exceptional
bass voice. Mrs. Dexter sang one of Lucien Howe's published songs,
"Evening."
The peculiar beauty of Mary Howe's voice lies in its golden purity.
The program of the evening, however, was calculated to bring forth the
technical certainty and fineness of her execution — the accomplishment of
her European training.
On her return to Europe she studied two years with Marchesi in Paris.
In 1891, she married William Lavin, the singer. They studied together
with Vanuncius, a famous Italian teacher in Florence. In 1896 they were
singing in Germany. Her favorite roles were Traviata, and Rosine in the
Barbier da Sevilla, which she sang by special request of the German
Emperor at the royal theater of Wiesbaden.
Since her marriage in 1905 to Edward O. Burton of South Lancaster,
Massachusetts, she has abandoned the stage, but her voice when heard
again in church and occasional concerts for charitable objects, indicates
a progress derived from further study and from the influences of life's
experience.
Madame Brazzi-Pratt
Harriet Brasor Pratt was born at Watwick, Massachusetts, July 13,
1868. She came of a musical family, the father French and the. mother
Irish. At the age of seven she began the study of the piano and very
early showed marked talent, singing with various organizations and in
the local choirs. After finishing her studies in the High School she had
piano lessons with William Sherwood in New York for a season, also
studying voice with Ange Albert Pattou, a former operatic tenor of
ability.
After a year's study of voice in Leipsic, Germany, she was married to
Edmund R. Pratt of Brattleboro, and they soon went to Paris, France,
MARY HOWE
MME. BRAZZI-PRATT
THE GOODHUE STOVE
MADAME BRAZZI-PRATT 993
making their home in that city for many years. At this time Madame
Brazzi studied seriously for the stage with such teachers as Giovanni
Sbriglia, Koenig, Mormi and Panzani. In 1892 she made her debut in
Bordeaux, France, singing many important roles. The following year
she made two tours of England, Scotland and Ireland under the manage-
ment of Colonel James INIapleson.
It was the latter's fancy to rename the singer, calling her Brazzi, which
name she continued to use during her professional life. In 1894 she sang
a winter season of opera at Nice, France, and a summer season at Covent
Garden, London, — 1895-189C, — under the management of Sir Augustus
Harris.
For some years she appeared at the latter opera house through the
summer months, going for the winter seasons to ]\Ionte Carlo, Nice,
Geneva, Switzerland, and Rennes, France, where she sang the leading con-
tralto parts in fifteen of the best-known operas, including Lohengrin,
Hamlet, II Trovatore, Samson and Delilah, Herodiade, the Russian opera
Eugene Oueguine, Bal Masque, La Favorita, Siegfried, Rigoletto, Wil-
liam Tell, Die Walkiire, Cavalleria Rusticana, the pages' roles in Faust and
Les Huguenots. Her dramatic achievements were almost as remarkable
as her success in singing. A French critic said of her: "Madame Brazzi
is superb in her dramatic passages and her beautiful voice well sustains
the character of Ortrude represented by the artiste to perfection."
At that period the great singers at Covent Garden were the De Reszke
brothers, Plangon, Lasalle, Maurel, Van Dyke, Melba, Albani, Calve,
Eames and many others no less famous. IMadame Brazzi acknowledged
that singing with men and women of such gifts afforded her the most
priceless schooling.
Returning to America she had a season with j\Ir. Grau in the Metropoli-
tan Opera House, New York.
After leaving the operatic stage in 1905 JMadame Brazzi devoted several
years to teaching in Chicago, Rochester and New York.
With her husband she returned to Paris in 1910 for the purpose of
making that city their permanent home, but the war was the cause of
their return to America, and their home is at present in Brattleboro.
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
CHANGES IN THE NAME OF THE TOWN
Post Office Department
November 24, 1911.
Mr. C. W. Wilcox,
Assistant Postmaster,
Brattleboro, Vermont.
My dear Sir :
With reference to your letter of the 22d instant, relative to the name of your post
office, I beg to state that the office was established as "Brattleborough" May 20, 1793;
in 18 — the word is written "Brattleboro" and in 1854 it is changed back to "Brattle-
borough." On September 13, 1888, it appears to have been changed again to "Brattle-
boro" and this, according to the records, is the first official change. Whether or not
the difference in the spelling of the word in the early days was due to any official
action or merely the arbitrary writing of the name the records do not show.
Yours very truly,
E. T. BUSHNELL,
Chief Clerk.
INCOMPLETE RECORDS OF EARLY SETTLERS
IN THE FARMING COUNTRY
John Ale.xander
John Alexander was born at Fort Dummer. He was one of the first settlers of
Brattleboro, where he lived for more than fifty years, and reared a large family.
When Bridgman's Fort was burned by the Indians, he was a boy of ten years of
age, and escaped by being in the woods tending the cows. At eleven years, he killed
a bear with his father's gun and secured the cubs.
At seventeen, he served under General Amherst at Ticonderoga, and was there
during the Revolution when it was taken by Burgoyne. Many stories are told of
his strength and prowess, among others that he "carried on his shoulders at one time,
when on snowshoes, a five-pail iron kettle, two sap-buckets, an axe and trappings,
a knapsack, four days' provisions, a gun and ammunition, more than three miles over
hills and valleys, in deep snow.''^ He died July 8, 1828.
Descendants of Digory Sargent
Digory Sargent was the ancestor of many of the name in southeastern Vermont,
and first appears on records as a soldier in King Philip's War, in the rolls of Boston
men under Captain Daniel Henchman at Mendon in November, 1675, under Captain
1 Burnham.
998 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
William Turner at the same place in March, 1675-6, and under Lieutenant Nathaniel
Reynolds at Chelmsford, in June, 1676 (Bodge's "King Philip's War," pp. 55, 240,
279). His ancestry is unknown. On October 13, 1693, Digory Sargent of Worcester
and Constance James of Boston were married in Boston by Reverend Cotton Mather.
That he married again, in 1696, Mary , is shown by subsequent events.
He seems to have persisted in living upon his farm in Worcester when all others
had abandoned the settlement on account of Indian hostilities, and there he was killed
in an Indian attack, in the winter of 1703-4, and his wife and five children taken
captive, before a party of soldiers, sent to remove him and his family to a place of
safety, could reach them. In a roll of English prisoners in the hands of the French
and Indians at Canada in 1710, the names of the mother, Mary, and five children appear,
one of whom was a son, John.
Lieutenant John Sargent, born about 1696-1697, was taken captive by the Indians
at Worcester in 1704, carried to Canada, and released about 1716. He became a
scout and interpreter in the service of the Province of Massachusetts; was in garrison,
under Lieutenant Joseph Kellogg, at Northfield, Massachusetts, in 1721, and there as
sentinel under Captain Samuel Bernard in 1722; a corporal under Captain Joseph
Kellogg, 1723-1724, and sergeant, 1730; lieutenant under Captain Kellogg, 1738-1745,
and at Fort Dummer, under Captain Josiah Willard. He married July 4, 1727, Abigail,
born December 4, 1792, daughter of Ebenezer and Mercy (Bagg) Jones of Springfield,
Massachusetts.
According to the account published in various histories, he was in command of a
scouting party out from Fort Dummer on March 29, 1748, when they were ambushed
by a band of Indians, and he and two others were killed and scalped, and his son Daniel
was taken captive.
In the petition of the son Daniel for pay during his captivity, he states that his
father was "slain in fight."
Children :
Daniel Sargent was born May 25, 1728, at Northfield, Massachusetts. He was taken
captive by the Indians March 29, 1748, at the time history states that his father
was killed on a scouting party, of which he was one, out from Fort Dummer. He
was not long in captivity, as shown by his services from June, 1749, to 1752, as
sentinel under Captain Josiah Willard at Fort Dummer, and his petition to the
General Court, dated November 23, 1749, for pay while in Canada and the loss of
his gun.
He married July 20, 1751, Dinah, born February 21, 1729-30, daughter of
Benjamin and Mary Jones of Springfield, Massachusetts.
Colonel John Sargent was born December 4, 1732, at Fort Dummer, and married
December 16, 1760, Mary, born October 18, 1734, died June 10, 1822, daughter of
Captain John and Martha (Moore) Kathan of Dummerston, Vermont.
In 1755 he served as sentinel in Captain Elijah Williams's company of Deerfield,
Massachusetts, in the Crown Point expedition, and in 1756 was sentinel under
Captain Nathan Willard at Fort Dummer.
He sided with New York in the controversies of the time, and in 1786 he with
others "uniformly loyal to the State of New York" petitioned Governor George
Clinton of that state for a patent of wild land, they having "not only frequently
risqued their Lives but expended large sums of money ... in Defence of the
said State ... in consequence of which many . . . were imprisoned and others
despoiled of property to a considerable amount, by the Vermonters," but the
petition was not granted.
APPENDIX 999
Lieutenant Thomas, born February 23, 1734-5, at Fort Dummer ; married May
17, 1757, Anna Stebbins ; died April 19, 1783. Children:
Elihu Sargent, born May 3, 1758, married, about 1779, Mary, or Molly, born
October 8, 1756, daughter of Alexander and Margaret (Baird) Kathan of
Dummerston.
In 1872 he served in the Dummerston company of Captain Jason Duncan, in
Colonel John Sargent's regiment. He died December 1, 1833; his wife died
December 18, 1850.
Children :
Elihu, born November 13, 1780.
Molly, born November 22, 1781.
Clarissa, born April 19, 1783; died April, 1821, unmarried.
Thomas, born December 19, 1784.
Alexander, born March 8, 1787.
Chester, born April 28, 1789.
George, born January 28, 1797; married Roxana Pratt; died January 25, 1859.
Thomas, born September 26, 1761.
Calvin Sargent, born November 9, 1763, married Abigail, born in 1769, died
March 9, 1849, daughter of Captain Vespasian and Abigail (Church) Miller
of Dummerston. They had nine children.
Luther, born May 15, 1768.
Erastus, born November 16, 1771.
Rosvvell, born November 27, 1776.
Henry.
Abigail Sargent, born September 10, 1737, at Fort Dummer, married October 12,
1758, Captain Levi Ely of West Springfield, Massachusetts, born there November
26, 1732, killed in battle with the Indians, on Mohawk River, near Utica, New
York, October 19, 1780. She died October 3, 1812.
Rufus Sargent, born June 15, 1740, at Fort Dummer, married in 1775 Susannah
Houghton, who was born in 1758 and died June 10, 1794, in Brattleboro.
In 1757, Rufus was sentinel in the company of Captain Israel Williams, in
which his brother, Thomas Sargent, was also sentinel; and in 1758-1759 was
sentinel in the company commanded by Captain John Kathan and transferred to
Captain John Burke. He was sergeant in Captain Josiah Boyden's company of
Dummerston men, in Colonel Williams's regiment and in the Bennington expedi-
tion ; and was in the Dummerston company of Captain Jason Duncan, in the
regiment of his brother, Colonel John Sargent.
Children :
Rufus, born January 9, 1782, married Sally Buck, and had a daughter who
married James H. Sargent of Brattleboro.
Mary, born at Fort Dummer October 25, 1742, married Robinson.
Nathaniel French
Nathaniel French, born February 2, 1721, died June 8, 1801 ; married, first, 1742,
Elisabeth Frost, who died September 20, 1777; married, second, Joanna Ringsley, born
September 3, 1729, died September 9, 1800.
Children :
Elizabeth, born January 30, 1745; died 1825.
Nathaniel, born January 13, 1747; died June 11, 1811.
Rebekah, born February 26, 1749.
1000 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Mahitable, born March 5, 1751.
William, born March 21, 1753; killed at Westminster March 13, 1775.
Jesse, born April 17, 1755; died August 22, 1777.
Sarah, born February 20, 1757; died March 12, 1844.
Asa, born in Hubbardston, Massachusetts, January 31, 1760; married Mary Rice of
Petersham, born August 14, 1760, died January 20, 1847; he died October 16, 1834.
Children: Jesse, born November 12, 1783, died September 25, 1855; Asa, born in
Dummerston February 25, 1786, died September 8, 1798; Stephen, born in Dum-
merston June 27, 1788, died July 28, 1858; Jonathan, born January 19, 1791, died
January 18, 1864; Marcy, born February 26, 1794; Lyman, born June 12, 1796,
died January 20, 1852, had a son, George N., who was born at Westminster West
June 29, 1830; Asa, born September 16, 1799, died September 17, 1846; Betsey,
born July 13, 1802, died February IS, 1847; Chester, born January 14, 1805, died
April 4, 1872, married Eliza, who died April 9, 1872. Children: Foster F., born
November 20, 1829, died March 10, 1888; Helen, born November 25, 1832, died
August 4, 1909; Mary Jane, born October 6, 1838, died February 18, 1869.
Hannah, born February 18, 1762; died June 29, 1843.
John, born September 24, 1764; died May 1, 1844.
Joel, born July 27, 1768; died August 11, 1827.
Abel Joy
Abel Joy, from Rehoboth, Massachusetts, settled in Guilford with his father, David,
n, about 1760. He resided there a few years, then came to Brattleboro and built
a house afterwards owned by W. F. Richardson, south of the East Village, where he
died in 1813.
He married Elizabeth M. Chase October 28, 1779, and they had a family of nin^
children. Mrs. Joy died June 28. 1843.
John M., a son of Abel, who resided in Brattleboro, was a member of Company B,
16th Regiment. Vermont Volunteers, and was wounded at Gettysburg.
Ebenezer Fisher
Ebenezer Fisher came from Massachusetts in 1766 when there were but fourteen
families in the town. He first located on road twenty-eight, then removed to the farm
just south of the same, the deed of which, afterwards in the possession of his grand-
son. Wilder E., bore the date April 9, 1770. Upon this farm he resided until his death,
January 10, 1831, in the ninetieth year of his age. He started the first brickmaking
plant, which he conducted in connection with his farm. He reared a family of four-
teen children.
Ebenezer, Junior, born here in 1777, resided on the old farm and manufactured
brick many years. He married Lucy Fisher and reared ten children, and died Septem-
ber 1, 1836.
They were the parents of Ezra E. Fisher, who has been the archaeologist of Meeting-
House Hill since 1899. He not only made the excavations and discovered the old
building sites, but helped quarry and drew to their several places the stones for
markers.
George W. Fisher, great-grandson of Ebenezer, Senior, and son of Asa and Mary
Streeter Fisher, born June 7, 1832, married Lucinda, daughter of Doctor George and
Eliza Wood. Sisters: Mrs. Pauline Fisher of Woburn, Massachusetts; Elmira, West
Brattleboro ; Eunice, West Brattleboro.
APPENDIX . 1001
Deacon Joshua Wilder
Deacon Joshua Wilder was born in 1734. He came originally from Worcester
County, Massachusetts; was a Revolutionary soldier and served as a private in the
Massachusetts militia. When he was seventy-five, his name was placed on the pen-
sion roll, his annual allowance being eighty dollars.
He was in Westminster, Vermont, when there was but one house where the village
now is, and located on the farm, owned and occupied by his grandchildren, in 1765.
His house was a framed building of only one room loosely boarded, the cracks being
very wide.
He married Margery Dunstan of Dummerston, who died September 13, 1828, in her
eighty-ninth year. They reared twelve children.
At one time the father, son, grandson and great-grandson resided on the same farm,
cultivating it in common. In the "History of Dummerston," there is an account of a
mowing match participated in by representatives of the four generations, led by Joshua
Wilder at ninety years of age, the others being his son Deacon Daniel, grandson Leroy,
great-grandson Wallace. A distance of twenty-five rods and back was mowed, the
leader keeping his place in front.
He died March 21, 1828.
Deacon Daniel died March 23, 1875, aged eighty-nine.
His son Solomon settled on the home farm, married Lavinia Miller and raised nine
children; he died March 16, 1832.
Of their children :
Deacon Leroy, born November 5, 1808; married January 17, 1832, Patience Gould,
who was born March 19, 1811 ; he died January 21, 1898.
George A., born May 26, 1817; died December 28, 1899.
Marshall, born October 25, 1819; died October 10, 1896.
James R., born May 14, 1823; died November 15, 1894.
Jane R., born May 14, 1823. -She spent some time at the Castleton Normal School
and taught about twelve years in Kentucky, returning north on the breaking out
of war. From the death of her mother in 1867, she acted as housekeeper for her
brothers George, Marshall and James, who, by industry and economy and wise
investment, amassed a considerable fortune from their life on the home farm.
She died November 15, 1894.
A deed to Captain Benjamin Butterfield's land is dated February 5, 1767. He paid
£\20 for land "100 rods wide on the river, to extend back far enough to make 100
acres."
He came in 1766. He was judge of the sessions of peace at the time of the opposi-
tion to the government of Vermont; he was captain of militia, and held many offices
of trust for the good of the town and neighboring country. He was also called
"Esquire Butterfield." He married Lois ; died December 7, 1804, aged seventy-
nine.
Children :
Captain Benjamin, married Elizabeth Cune, who afterwards married Isaac Crosby.
Susanna, lived and died in Brattleboro.
Jesse.
Captain Ezra, born October 21, 1759; married Martha Hadley; lived on the edge
of Dummerston.
Luke, lived on Dummerston Hill.
1003 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Frost
Edmund Frost, who settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, came over in 1635 in the
ship Great Hope from Ipswich, England. He was ruling elder ; he died July 12, 1672.
He had eight children. A descendant was Jesse Frost, born March 9, 1735-6,
married May 6, 1760, Joanna Spaulding of Chelmsford, sister of Lieutenant Leonard
Spaulding of Dummerston. They settled in Brattleboro in 1772 on land purchased
from Lemuel Kendrick. They had nine children, one of whom, William, married
Susannah Mann, daughter of Asa Mann of Barre, Alassachusetts. Their children born
in Brattleboro were :
Susannah, born May 20, 1779; married July 25, 1856, Orrin Knapp.
Sophronia, born February 6, 1804; married Stevens.
Lucinda, born April 26, 1808; married 1827, Ebenezer Brooks; died June 7, 1884.
Zenas, born June 8, 1800 ; married September 12, 1824, Fanny, daughter of Asa
Wyman Burnap; died July 14, 1868. Children:
Rhoda E., born February 3, 1832; married Chandler P. Barney May 1, 1872; died
February 22, 1889.
James B., born February 8, 1835 ; married March 29, 1857, Candace, daughter of
Asa Burnap. She died May 29, 1902. He died in 1907. Children :
Jerry Albert, born December 12, 1862; married October 15, 1888, Hattie
Lucretia Burnett; she died July 25, 1916, aged forty-seven. Children:
Fanny Allen, born September 6, 1889.
Harry Leslie, born August 24, 1890; graduated from High School and medi-
cal department of University of Vermont; married Miss Christine E.
Gulick February 11, 1914.
Gladys Louisa, born October 18, 1893.
Malcolm Zenas, born April 25, 1898, lost at sea from transport loivan, 1918.
Theodore Burnap, born June 23, 1902.
Gains Burnap, born August 8, 1869; graduated from the High School, 1887;
A.B., from Dartmouth," 1896 ; married August 18, 1897, Bertha A. Whitney ;
was superintendent of schools in a district of fifty teachers and 1500 pupils
in Georgetown, Massachusetts. He died in 1915.
General John Stewart
General John Stewart was born in 1751, came to Brattleboro from Royalston,
Massachusetts, about 1772, locating on land east of where John S. Cutting resided,
then an unbroken forest. A few years after, he removed to a farm one mile west of
the West Village, now known as the Gould farm, where he lived until his death,
September 9, 1812.
He married Ruth Newton of Royalston, Massachusetts, who was born in 1753; died
May 2, 1813. They had ten children, five sons and five daughters.
General John Stewart was a man of more than ordinary qualities and manners,
honest and honorable in his dealings, genial and courteous to everyone. He was very
tall and well proportioned, and his physical nature was on the scale of his moral charac-
ter. He was beloved by all who knew him, and hundreds of friends followed his
remains when they were borne to the tomb.
Jonathan Dunklee
Among the pioneers of Brattleboro was Jonathan Dunklee, born in 1755, who
with brothers David and Joseph, and sisters Sarah, Martha, Mary and Ruth, came
from Brimfield, Massachusetts, with their father and mother, Robert, Senior, and
Martha (Singleton) Dunklee, in 1774, by way of the old blazed trail along the
APPENDIX 1003
Connecticut River. They settled on road four, upon the farm which Robert Dunklee,
Senior, purchased of William and Abigail King of Boston. (Old family deed — one
hundred acres.) This farm was owned in the Dunklee family for six consecutive
generations. Robert Dunklee, Senior, died June S, 1776, aged sixty-six years, and
is buried on Mecting-House Hill, with his wife Martha, who died February IS, 1805.
The eldest son, Robert Dunklee, Junior, is supposed never to have come to
Brattleboro.
Joseph Dunklee, born in 1753, son of Robert, Senior, married Hannah Cook, daugh-
ter of Captain Oliver Cook. They had nine children. She died, and he married,
second, Sabra Whitmore of Marlboro. A son of Joseph Dunklee by the first
marriage, Benjamin Dunklee, resided in Brattleboro for a time, and was instrumental
in establishing the first public library.
After Robert Dunklee's death, the Dunklee homestead was owned jointly by
Joseph and Jonathan for a time. Then Jonathan became the sole proprietor until
his death.
Jonathan Dunklee was a shoemaker by trade, as well as a very prosperous man.
His name appears, July, 1818, shortly before his death, with others, on a committee
of the church to adopt a confession of faith. "Jonathan Dunklee started for the
Battle of Bennington but it was over before he got there." He married Sarah Scott
of Winchester, New Hampshire, daughter of Abraham and Mehetable Scott, and
reared ten children. It was his wife, Sarah Scott Dunklee, who had the exciting
experience with wolves. After the death of Jonathan Dunklee the farm became the
possession of his son Solomon, who spent the whole of a fruitful and prosperous life
upon it.
His daughter, Ruth Dunklee, born February, 1817, attended the Mount Holyoke
Seminary, married Reverend Nelson Barbour, a graduate of Middlebury College,
who was first settled as pastor at Saxtons River in 1836 and later at Dummerston, Ver-
mont, and also in towns of Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
It is from the four sons of Jonathan, Senior, namely, Jonathan, Junior, Solomon,
Jacob and Admatha, that the present generation of Dunklees of this section have
largely descended.
A daughter of Admatha Dunklee, Lucy Janett, married February 2, 1857, Russell
Fletcher Lamb (born in Putney, 1828, son of Russell Lamb). He was clerk in the
stores of Haynes & Baker, Newfane, and Isaac Grout, Putney ; went early to St.
Louis, was a merchant there, but from 1870 in insurance. He enjoyed a high standing
in the financial circles of St. Louis. He died February 6, 1903. Before his death he
gave $10,000 to Brattleboro's Home for the Aged and Disabled, where Mrs. Lamb died.
The history of the Dunklee family in this community, since the founding of the
town which they helped to promote, shows them to be men and women of integrity
and honor, substantial, law-abiding citizens, devoted to home, church and country.
Levi Goodenough
Levi Goodenough, born in 1765, came from South Hadley, Massachusetts, in 1774,
and located on road forty-one. He married Margaret Frazier, born 1769 and died
September 30, 1847, reared eleven children and died in September, 1848. Children:
John Goodenough, born in 1796, married Betsey Cobleigh, moved to Ellisburg,
Jefferson County, New York, in 1816; died September 10, 1878.
Robert, died in West Brattleboro February 18, 1879, aged eighty years.
Roswell, born in 1801, married Sophia Plummer, who died October 6, 1874. He
was postmaster in West Brattleboro ; died April 13, 1880, aged seventy-seven.
1004 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Winsor Goodenough, born on the old homestead in December, 1800, married Eliza-
beth, daughter of Orrin Pratt, and reared three sons:
Dvvight G., of Springfield.
John P., born February 10, 1827; married March 8, 1852, Alma J., daughter of
Ara and Sarah (Earle) Marsh, died February 4, 1901. Mr. Goodenough ran
a saw- and gristmill nearly fifty years. Airs. Goodenough was blind nineteen
years ; made seventy-five floor rugs during that time, besides smaller rugs. She
died August, 1920. Children : Mrs. Ada Niles ; Mrs. Jennie Bass of Randolph ;
Ernest M. Goodenough of West Brattleboro, married — — Hobson, daughter of
F. H. and Matilda Rice Hobson of Claremont, New Hampshire.
Reverend Simon G. of San Jose, California.
Winsor died February 2, 1864, aged sixty-three. His widow, born December 4,
1803, resided on the old homestead.
Alonzo, born July 31, 1808, married Relief Plummer and reared three children;
one, Alonzo, a brick manufacturer here for many years, made the first brick used
in the construction of the Vermont Insane Asylum buildings.
Maria Goodenough, married Christopher D. Wallace.
William Warriner
William Warriner of Lincolnshire, England, eloped with Lady Clifford, daughter
of Lord Howe, and settled in Yorkshire. He came as a widower to Springfield,
Massachusetts, owned a considerable part of what is now the heart of Springfield,
and married there in 1639, Joanna Scant. He died June 2, 1676. He was the ancestor
of all the New England Warriners.
Samuel Warriner, son of Moses and Mary Warner Warriner of Wilbraham,
Massachusetts, was born in Wilbraham April 30, 1744. He married February 26,
1766, Chloe, daughter of Martin Nash. He moved to Brattleboro in 1774, and
settled in the woods ; in 1800 built a new house of hard wood which it took seventy men
to raise. He enlisted September 24, 1777, in Captain Josiah Boyden's company, of
Colonel Williams's regiment, and served thirty days. His name was attached to
important papers relating to the state in 1777. He was a justice of the peace. In 1778,
moderator of a town meeting; coroner, 1778-1780. He was a farmer, a deacon of the
Congregational Church. He died September 25, 1808.
Children :
Samuel, born June 17, 1769; died in Brattleboro August 22, 1803.
Dr. William, born in Brattleboro June 23, 1782; married Lydia, daughter of Jotham
and Ascenath Bemis. They lived in Hamburg, Erie County, New York. He
died May 20, 1820.
Daniel, born in Brattleboro November 5, 1785; married Mary, daughter of Isaiah
and Esther Richardson. He was a farmer, — taught school at one time, — was cap-
tain of militia, deacon of the Congregational Church. He died April 21, 1846.
She died July 10, 1880. Children:
Harriet, born October 20, 1824, unmarried.
Samuel, born February 12, 1827, a farmer; married May 5, 1856, Anne M., daugh-
ter of Asher E. Smith.
William, born August 8, 1829; married Ann Clark; married, second, Caroline
Bremener of Brattleboro.
Henry, born December 28, 1831 ; married September 2, 1868, Mary J. Bangs. He
resides in the house of his grandfather.
Chester, born October 13, 1833, unmarried, moved west.
Mary Esther, born March 12, 1836.
APPENDIX 1005
Fanny Matilda, born March 4, 1838; married October 18, 1860, Edward W.
Cotton ; lives at East Northfield.
Daniel Clifford, born June 6, 1841 ; died November 26, 1861, unmarried.
Jabez Wood
Jabez Wood, from Rehoboth, Massachusetts, came to Brattleboro in 1776, locating
on road forty-five, though he was offered the land where the East Village now is for
fifty cents an acre. He cleared the farm which remained in the Wood family for four
generations.
Among his ten children were :
Aaron, born May 18, 1791 ; married Relief Stoddard, who died September 24, 1851.
He died May 22, 187S. Son, Jonathan Stoddard, born May 3, 1836; married
February '19, 1861, Janette L,, daughter of Samuel and Lucinda (Akley) Mc-
Clure. Children : Elizabeth, married Daniel W. Harris; Alice, married Henry W.
Knight. Mr. Wood died July 28, 1920.
Israel, born August 24, 1801, was a farmer; married, first, Betsey Pullen. He died
July 12, 1889. He reported the weather record for the Brattleboro papers from
1838. Children:
Albert; Darius, of Providence; Simeon, of Springfield; Chester, of Springfield;
Lewis ; Mary Ann, married I. B. Morris. Four sons fought in the Civil War.
Israel married, second, Mrs. Laura Quinn ; a son, Herbert M. Wood, born July
S, 1856; married November 4, 1878, Cora E., daughter of Augustus and Maria
Wilder. Sons: Herbert A., Carroll A.
Benjamin Hadley
Benjamin Hadley, descendant of George, born in 1684, came from Chelmsford,
Massachusetts, to Brattleboro, 1776, and lived on the "Covey Farm," bought of Wilder
Rice, where he died at the age of ninety years.
His son Ebenezer, born in Chelmsford in 1727, died April 27, 1815; he married
Abigail Spaulding, who died September 6, 1813, aged seventy-eight years.
His son Jesse took up the farm in Brattleboro; he married Abigail Wilder, who
died October 21, 1859, aged seventy-nine. Children:
Jacob, married Polly Rice, lived on "Covey Farm."
Jesse, located in the northeastern part of the town.
Jesse, Junior, was born here in 1782; married Abigail Fletcher, reared a family of
eight children and died in 1840. A son remained in Brattleboro, who was Hannibal,
born in 1812. He carried on the business of a butcher from 1832 to 1875; died
October 29, 1884. He married January 25, 1837, Mary L. Field, daughter of David
and Patty Wood Field, born in West Brattleboro October IS, 1816. David Field was
born in Amherst, Massachusetts ; came to Brattleboro, and occupied the house that
was the creaipery, just south of the brook; he was a shoemaker. Mary L. Field
graduated from the West Brattleboro public schools and taught several years, before
her marriage, in neighboring towns — East Northfield, Vernon and Dummerston. She
died December 25, 1917, in her one hundred and second year, after a life of eighty
years in the same house, near the head of High Street. Children :
Elizabeth H., married George Eaton Selleck, September 3, 1857. He was born
in Middlebury June 24, 1834, a son of Myron and Sarah (Blinn) Selleck; the latter
died May 9, 1882, aged seventy-eight. Children: Kate L. Selleck. He died September
16, 1913.
Emily H. Hadley, born in 1845, married Frank H. Emerson, born in 1848 and died
1006 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
November 20, 1900, whose family moved to a West Brattleboro farm from West
Dummerston when Frank was a boy; afterwards his father became proprietor of the
old Vermont House. He enHsted in Company H, Seventh Regiment Vermont Volunteers,
October 21, 1863, and was mustered out March 22, 1865. He entered the employ
of Charles L. Mead in the old rule factory in Brattleboro and later in New Britain,
Connecticut. After a year he returned and entered Hannibal Hadley's meat market.
He had a farm in Vernon four years, and finally engaged in the undertaking business.
Children: Belle, born February 19, 1878, married W. A. Shumway and has two sons,
Francis Gordon Shumway, Albert Hadley Shumway ; Helen Fletcher Emerson.
Thomas Akley
Thomas Akley came to this town from Boston, Massachusetts, just after the close
of the Revolutionary War, in which he served, and made the first settlement on road
thirty-nine, where he reared fourteen children. Thomas Akley, Junior, settled in Guil-
ford on road four about 1800. Six of his eight children, Hiram, Samuel, Elizabeth,
Almira, Melissa, Martin, lived in Guilford.
Almon, son of Thomas, born on the old farm in 1790, married Harriet Fessenden
for his first wife, by whom he had eight children ; and for his second wife, Mrs.
Florinda Church, who survived him. He died in 1879. Among his children:
E. Akley.
Mrs. Mary Clisbee.
Mrs. Henry Wilcutt.
Henry, born March 13, 1830, in Northfield, Massachusetts, occupied the old home-
stead (from 1847) which had been in the family more than one hundred years,
married Florinda E. Church, and had two children, Eugene H. and Ida F. Akley
(Mrs. J. T. Wright). He married, second, Mrs. Lucy Butterfield. He was a
farmer and a bricklayer ; served as selectman and lister, besides holding other
offices.
Philip Wood
Philip Wood was a Revolutionary soldier, and one of the earliest settlers, clearing
land for a farm in the western part of the town, where he lived until about 1814,
when he moved on to what is now known as the Wood farm.
He married Eunice Pierce. Royal G. Wood was the youngest of the family of
twelve children. He was born March 17, 1807; married Adeline, daughter of Levi
Conant of Cavendish. Children :
Adaliza, born 1834, who taught painting in the Robinson College for Women, Nor-
folk. Virginia, and in Highland Institute, Petersham, Massachusetts, died Novem-
ber 9, 1916.
Mrs. Lucy A. Cox, who has a son, Charles F.
Sarah Jane.
San ford, living in Montreal.
D.wiD Bemis
David Bemis married Mary Dunster, a great-granddaughter of Henry Dunster, who
was the first president of Harvard College. They settled in Westminster, Massachu-
setts, and reared nine children. The family moved from Westminster to Brattleboro
and lived on the "Bliss Farm." Four of the children, John, Joseph, Abner and Elias,
settled in Windham County. Elias lived in Brattleboro, on the farm afterwards
occupied by M. M. Miller.
Lemuel K. Bemis, son of Elias, was for many years a blacksmith in Brattleboro.
Willis Bemis, the express agent at Brattleboro, was a son of Lemuel.
APPENDIX 1007
John and Joseph, who served in the Revolution, settled in Dummerston. John
married for his second wife, Jemima, daughter of Elder Daniel Whipple, who was
the first Baptist minister in the state. Elder Whipple died in 1789, aged ninety-seven
years. His grave is in the West River cemetery at Brattleboro. John had twelve
children and lived where Mr. Murphy now lives. David, son of John Bemis and
Jemima Whipple, lived on the farm his father had occupied before him; married
Rhoda Sargent.
His eldest son, Erastus, settled in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and became
one of the leading physicians of that county. He died in 1866, leaving two sons,
David H. and James N., both physicians.
Another son, Samuel N., was also a physician, living in Brattleboro.
The youngest son, Horace, was a lawyer of Hornellsville, New York.
John Plummer
John Plummer was an early settler. He owned a large tract of land in the west
part of the town which included Round Mountain, then and for many years known
as Plummer Mountain.
He married July 12, 1839, Tabitha .
His son David married Hannah Carter, and their daughter, Sophia R., married April
20, 1840, William F. Richardson ; and their youngest child, John D. Plummer, was
born in West Brattleboro, September, 1826, married September IS, 1846, Susan E. S.
Knight, and settled on a farm on the Marlboro south road. Within two or three years
he moved to Brattleboro East Village, where he learned the trade of a brick mason
and began the business of a contractor and builder of mason work.
He built nearly all the brick buildings standing in Brattleboro until as late as 1903.
Mrs. Plummer died in 1891. Air. Plummer died in November, 1903. Their daughter
Virginia married Henry B. Pitman of Troy, June 15, 1874. A son was E. A. Plum-
mer, civil engineer and architect.
As.\ Putnam
Asa Putnam came to Brattleboro from Warren, Massachusetts, about 1780 and
located upon the farm owned later by George H. Clark, where he reared a family
of nine children.
Josiah, his fourth son, was born in 1781. He married Susan Willard, daughter of
Doctor Dickerman, and died March 24, 1864. Children:
Beda I., married Elisha W. Prouty.
Henry, of Watertown, New York.
John L., of Cheshire County, New Hampshire.
A. D. Putnam was born in Sharon, New York, January 11, 1816. His parents
returned here in 1833 and settled on the old Dickerman place near the McVeigh farm.
A. D. Putnam was a dentist in Brattleboro from 1846 until his death in 1893, when
he was probably the oldest practicing dentist in the state. He married Abigail, daugh-
ter of Watson Crosby, November 5, 1837.
He was a great-grandson of Major John Arms.
Colonel Daniel Stewart
Colonel Daniel Stewart was born at Paxton, Massachusetts, in 1756, and died at
Brattleboro June 20, 1834. In early life he went to live in Westboro, Massachusetts,
and there learned the tanner's trade. At twenty years of age he enlisted as a private
in the American Army of the Revolution and was afterwards an officer. He was in
the battle of White Plains, and was with the army during the campaigns in New
1008 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Jersey. When his term of enlistment had expired he returned to Westboro, and there
worked at his trade until 1783, when he removed to Brattleboro and purchased a farm
in the southwest part of the town on road thirty-eight. He served several years as
one of the board of selectmen of the town, and held other offices. Colonel Stewart was
married in 1779 to Miss Dorothy Maynard of Westboro, Massachusetts, by whom
he had six daughters, of whom Elizabeth, married James Frost; Polly, in 1799, mar-
ried Major James Esterbrooks ; Emily, married Captain John Cutting, died February
5, 1825 ; Charlotte, married Captain John Cutting.
Additional Members of the Crosby Family
Watson Crosby, an early settler, was one of the seven children of Miller and Rebecca
Crosby, and was born at Cape Cod November 7, 1776. In 1787, in company with his
widowed mother and the six children of the family, he came to West Brattleboro,
locating on a farm adjoining that of an old Cape Cod neighbor, Manassah Bixby.
November 28, 1804, he married Desiah Bangs, daughter of Honorable Joseph Bangs
of Hawley, Massachusetts, by whom he had ten children, namely: Mrs. Olive Robinson
of Washington, District of Columbia, died July 11, 1892, aged eighty-seven; Mrs. Ruth
Miller of Toledo, Ohio; Miranda; Mrs. Abigail Cobb Putnam (A. D.) ; Joseph
Bangs; Henry Barrett of Paterson, New Jersey; Jeremiah Mayo; Frances Hayes; a
daughter who died in infancy; Charles Howard, born in 1819, who came from West
Brattleboro to the East Village and built a fine residence on Main Street on the height
at the fork of the roads leading towards the Common. He sold his property here in
1874 to Frank W. Harris for $15,000 and moved to Boston in 1875. He was a patent
lawyer. He married Miss Mary L. Hart of Guilford, who died April 10, 1903. He
died July 10, 1896. Their daughter, Ida Alline, married January 13, 1875, G. Warren
Allen; they reside in Boston. They have a son, born March 29, 1881. Watson Crosby
died November 10, 1857. Mrs. Crosby died September 24, 1859, aged eighty-three years.
Windsor Crosby died April 17, 1852, aged forty-nine. Elizabeth G. Parks, his wife,
died September 6, 1850, aged fifty-five. They were parents of Martha A., who mar-
ried in 1866, when they left Brattleboro, Professor Felix De Lannoy of Chester,
Pennsylvania ; until her marriage she taught French in Brattleboro. A daughter,
Helen Mary, married in Chester, Pennsylvania, June 29, 1892, Captain Silas G. Com-
fort of the Pennsylvania Military Academy. They opened a School for Young Ladies
in Chester.
Harriet G., teacher of the Chase Street school, moved to Chester, Pennsylvania, in
the early seventies.
Elizabeth G., a dressmaker, died at Chester April 11, 1913, aged eighty-three.
Nelson Crosby died October 13, 1885, aged eighty-one years eight months. He was
a son of Isaac and Rebecca Crosby of Dummerston. His wife, Huldah Williams, died
February 3, 1889, aged eighty-two years nine months.
Children: Helen E., who died September 11, 1864, aged twenty-five; Rebecca, who
married June 2, 1875, Everett W. Pierce of Bennington, Vermont. She was for many
years before her marriage a teacher in the High School; she died April 29, 1881,
aged thirty-seven. A son was lost at sea. May, 1867.
Thomas Crosby married Miss Catherine Burt. Their daughter, Hannah, born April
16, 1833, married Henry Taylor, who died before 1890. They lived in Armenia and
Brooklyn, New York. She returned here after his death and died November 9, 1916.
APPENDIX 1009
John Field
John Field, a descendant of Zachariah Field, who came to Dorchester, Massachu-
setts, in 1629 or 1630, from England, was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, May 18,
1740, and came to Brattleboro about 1785, locating upon the farm owned by O. L.
Miner, on road forty-seven.
He married Rachel Wells, reared six children, and died in 1819.
His son David, born in 1789, was a shoemaker and settled at West Brattleboro.
He married Pattie Wood. One of his three children, Mar>' L., married Hannibal
Hadley. David died June 19, 1819.
Abel Carpenter
Alicl Carpenter was one of the earliest settlers in the western part of the town.
He came from Rhode Island in 1785 and located upon a farm on road nineteen. He
was twice married, reared twelve children, and died August 8, 1862.
His son Humphrey carried on the old farm until his death. May 17, 1883, the house
thereon having been built by Abel in 1800. Humphrey married Almira Joy and
reared four children, two of whom, Andrew D. and Ida, lived on the old homestead
with their mother.
James Carpenter, a cousin of Abel, located on road thirty-three at an early date,
upon the farm afterwards owned by Clark Stark. He reared a large family of chil-
dren, but the family removed to Ohio many years ago.
Samuel Earl
Samuel Earl was born in Lancaster, Massachusetts, July 30, 1765. His parents
moved to Guilford, Vermont, soon after; he came to Brattleboro in 1787, and bought
the farm owned afterwards by Mellen G. Goodenough. He married in 1789, Sarah
Wilder, who was born in Guilford, Vermont, March 23, 176S. They lived in a log
house until 1793, when he built a frame house. He lived and died on the old place
where he first settled, dying May 20, 1854. He was a man of sound judgment, who
held offices of public trust acceptably to everyone. His wife died November 10, 1843.
Of their children Rachel died in infancy; Alpheus married and left town; Newhall
died in youth.
Samuel, born April 19, 1796, always lived on the farm that was the place of his
birth, and died in the same room in which he was born. He was an energetic man,
and knew how to make a success of farming. For several years he owned the largest
dairy in town. He was also much employed in public affairs, being elected at various
times to offices of trust. He represented the town in the State Legislature in 1850 and
1851 ; was for twenty years or more one of the selectmen of the town; served on the
board of listers and auditors, and was overseer of the poor for several years, — a man
regarded with respect and honor by the entire community.
He married, second, Lydia !Marsh, who was born in Plymouth, Vermont, June 8,
1803, and died March 17, 1871. He died March 20, 1870.
Rufus, who died in 1866, married September 22, 1822, Marilla, daughter of Jacob
and Molly Stoddard, early settlers of West Brattleboro. In 1847 they took charge
of the Town Farm for four years. He died in 1865 in Guilford, after living else-
where. She returned to West Brattleboro in 1876, and died January 16, 1890, aged
eighty-six.
Sarah, born December 21 , 1800, married September 24, 1822, Asa Marsh, who was
born in Plymouth, Vermont, December 27. 1798. She lived, with the exception of a
few years, in this town and died here. Their daughter, Ellen S., born in Plymouth,
1010 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Vermont, February 15, 1S29, married August 21, 1877, T. J. B. Cudworth of Brattle-
boro; she died July 8, 1915.
Phcebe was born December 31, 1803'; married Otis Lyiide, and lived and died in
Brattleboro.
Angelina married and left town.
The Samuel Earl farm was sold to John Thomas in 1875.
Professor Samuel Chandler Earl was born in Brattleboro July 7, 1870; graduated
from Harvard College in 1894 with the degree of A.M. He married in Quebec,
in 1899, Lydia Gaston Knight.
He was a pioneer in the instruction of technical English, and professor of English
at Tufts College. He died at Somerville, Massachusetts, in 1917.
Benajah Dudley
Benajah Dudley came from Killingly, Connecticut, about 1787, locating on road
forty-two. He and his son, Captain Benajah, helped clear away the woods from what
is now Main Street. He moved several times and finally settled in West Brattleboro,
where he remained until his death, June 20, 1850. He was a soldier of the Revolution
and a pensioner.
His wife, Elizabeth Redfield, died August 2(>, 1846, aged eighty. They had seven
children.
Captain Benajah Dudley was born in 1791, in the south part of the town of West
Brattleboro, but the farm on which he spent most of his active life was located in the
west part of the town, on the old stage road to Marlboro. February 10, 1819, he
married Patience Harris, by whom he had six children, all daughters.
Mrs. Dudley died June 17. 1861, from which time the Captain made his home at
his daughter's, Mrs. Luman Clark's, in West Brattleboro. In his younger days he
taught district school, during the winters, and being a famous disciplinarian, his ser-
vices were in wide demand among the "hard districts." His title was acquired as
captain of the Brattleboro "Floodwood" company in the old militia days. The only
town office which he ever filled was that of lister. Captain Dudley was a man of
very fine qualities of mind and heart, active and energetic to a remarkable degree; he
possessed a very retentive memory, which in his later years made his mind a rich store-
house of interesting historical facts and incidents. He was a member of the Congre-
gational Church.
He died in West Brattleboro June IS, 1885, at the age of ninety-four years one
month and ten days.
Roswell, born in 1794.
Elizabeth, born in 1799.
Freedom, born in 1801.
Thankful, born in 1805.
Sybil, born in 1809.
Polly, born September 1, 1828, went to Chicopee in 1843, where she was engaged
in weaving ; afterwards returned to West Brattleboro, and worked in a factory ;
married November 23, 1859, Luman F. Clark, who for thirty years conducted a
woodworking shop. She died in 1918. Children: Elizabeth E., married W. H.
Alexander ; Mary H., married Irving G. Crosier.
John Thomas
John Thomas came from London, England, in 1792, and after a year's residence in
Boston located in Brattleboro upon the farm afterwards owned by his grandson,
APPENDIX 1011
George H. Thomas, road number thirteen. He carried on a brewery for some time.
He died in 1805. Children: ' •
John, whose son. Reverend Chandler N., married Marion H. Martin ; they were the
parents of John Martin Thomas, president of Middlebury College, born in Fort
Covington, New York, December 27, 1869. He "worked his way" through Middle-
bury College, graduating, and receiving the degree of A.M. in 1893. He gradu-
ated at Union Theological Seminary in 1893 : was ordained to the Presbyterian
ministry and took a pastorate in East Orange, New Jersey, the same year. May
18, 1893, he married Grace, daughter of Henry M. Seeley.
He studied at the University of Marburg in 1903 ; and has been president of
Middlebury College since 1908. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity
from Middlebury in 1908, from Amherst in 1908 and from Dartmouth, 1909.
He is the author of "The Christian Faith and the Old Testament," published in
1908; and has been a contributor on religious subjects to The Independent, The
Nation, et cetera.
George, lived on the old homestead. His widow, Elvira M., died February 20, 1885,
aged seventy-six years eleven months. Children :
Frederick R., married October 20, 1870, Elvira H. Brown of Guilford. Their
only child, Clara, died August 16, 1874, aged three.
Mrs. N. E. Haywood, of Lincoln, Nebraska.
Anna G., born August 3, 1841, married June 6, 1863, Jenison Edward Thurber,
died November 24, 1917. Children : Nellie C, married Hervey Harris ; Herbert
H. ; Edward R.
George H., married Mrs. Susan F. Barrett, who died July 2, 1875, aged thirty-two.
He married October 16, 1877, Hattie L. Weatherhead. Son, Warner Lee, born
March 23, 1883.
Joshua, moved to Ohio, and died December 11, 1884, aged eighty-eight.
Joseph Haywood
Joseph Haywood, from Winchester, Massachusetts, came to Brattleboro in 1793,
and located on road forty-four. He reared eight children, and died in 1857, aged
ninety years. There were two daughters : Sally, who married B. F. Harris, born
August 15, 1792; Nancy, who married T. J. Holland of Townshend.
Isaiah Richardson
Isaiah Richardson came from Petersham, Massachusetts, to this town in ISOO, locat-
ing on what is now the Town Farm. He had a family of two sons, Isaiah and Willard,
and five girls. He died March 15, 1830.
Isaiah, Junior, was eight years old when he came to Brattleboro with his father.
He married Betsey Stearns, and reared seven sons and three daughters. One son
was William F. Richardson.
Captain Nathaniel Bliss
Captain Nathaniel Bliss was born in Royalston, Massachusetts. October 6, 1782;
married in 1805 Lydia Woodward of Orange, Massachusetts, who was born March 27,
1787, and died November 4, 1819. He died March 5, 1866. Children :
Lyman G. Bliss was born on the farm of his father (where David Bemis was the
first settler) May 16, 1815, and took the farm at the age of twenty-five. In 1872
he replaced the old homestead by a modern house. He was an enthusiastic Demo-
crat, a Unitarian. He married, first, Sarah A. Taylor, born September 19, 1821 ;
died January 5, 1849. Children by this marriage:
1013 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Gertrude S., born November 1, 1842; died in Boonville, Missouri, February 22,
1870.
Georgia A., married November 23, 1873, John Cosgrove, a lawyer of Boonville,
and died January IS, 1894.
Mr. Bliss married, second, October 14, 1850, Susan H. Knight, daughter of Honor-
able Asa and Susan Miller Knight of Dumraerston, born May 19, 1823; died
March 24, 1903.. Children:
Albert, born November 22, 1851. Died.
Caroline E., born May 1, 1857.
John R., born June 30, 1867; married Esther Knight, daughter of Randolph
Knight, and is living in Akron, Ohio.
Mr. Bliss died I^Iay 12, 1889.
Alvira married !\Iarch 21, 1831, Russell Fitch, Junior. •
Arad Stockwell
Arad Stockwell, son of Perez, was born in Marlboro May 18, 1773, and married
Sally Harris of Brattleboro June 1, 1797; he came to Brattleboro a few years later,
and in 1836 to a farm on road number thirty-two, where he died February 1, 1856.
Mrs. Stockwell was the daughter of Abner and Jerusha Harris, born in Chesterfield
April 30, 1779, and married when she was sixteen. The family moved to Ames Hill,
and later her father kept a tavern on the old stage road for emigrants going west to
New York. In 1837 they moved to West Brattleboro village. She died September 21,
1883, aged one hundred and four years four months and twenty-one days, retaining
her mental faculties until the last.
There were seven children, twenty-one grandchildren, and forty great-grandchildren.
Of their children: Maria, married Alfred Simonds; Cynthia, married W. H. Gould;
Sabrina P., born December 20, 1820, married John B. Miller; Arad H.; Calista R.,
married Lucius Fo-x of Wilmington; Harris.
Asaph, another son of Perez, married Lucy Harris, sister of Sally, and settled in
the western part of Marlboro. They had nine children.
Timothy Adkins
Timothy Adkins was born in Middletown, Connecticut, July 5, 1793. At six years
of age went with his father to Charlestown, New Hampshire, where he attended the
conunon schools and worked on the farm during the summers till he was fourteen.
In ISOS he came to Guilford, Vermont, and learned the hatter's trade of James Fosdick,
and subsequently carried on the business in Chester, Vermont, several years.
In 1818 he married Lucinda Graves of Guilford, and located in West Brattleboro,
where he carried on the hatter's trade and kept a general store for a number of
years.
Timothy Adkins died December 19, 1890, aged ninety-seven.
Two of his four children were John F. and Diantha L. The latter married May
1, 1837, Franklin Cobleigh, who was employed as watchmaker for Ranger & Thomp-
son, and who, in 1866, married Mrs. Joshua Field, a daughter of Willard Arms.
Children: Charles S.; John P.; Eliza, married Stanford Clark; Frank D. Cobleigh,
proprietor and editor of The Record and Farmer, died May 9, 1874, aged thirty-five.
Captain John Cutting
Captain John Cutting, son of Jonah Cutting, was born in Guilford, Vermont, April
16, 1800, and died in Brattleboro January IS, 1844. He received an academic education
at Leicester Academy, Massachusetts ; taught school several terms ; purchased a farm
APPENDIX 1013
in the southwest part of Guilford, where he lived about two years; sold this farm and
bought another in Brattleboro, of Colonel Daniel Stewart, on which he settled in 1824.
Mr. Cutting married two daughters of Colonel Daniel Stewart, Emily and Charlotte ;
by the first marriage there were two children, and by the second, four ; of these five
lived to marry.
John S., born in Guilford September 12, 1825. He removed to Brattleboro with
his parents in 1834 and received a common school, and academic education at Swan-
zey, New Hampshire. He lived on the farm where his grandfather. Colonel Stewart,
resided. He taught school forty or more terms, twenty-five in the school district where
he lived. He was superintendent of schools from 1866 to 1871 ; representative to the
State Legislature in 1874; census enumerator for 1880; lister nine years; a member
of the State Board of Equalization in 1882, and was a justice of the peace.
He married Susan S., daughter of John Burnett of Guilford, April 29, 1849.
Children :
Emily S., married November 9, 1875, Abbott S. Edwards, born May 1, 1852, son of
Solomon and Almira (Smith) Edwards. A son:
Doctor Leslie S., graduated at the Dental Department of Baltimore Medical Col-
lege; married October 19, 1904, Clarissa M., daughter of Honorable Marshall L
Reed. She was at the Northfield Seminary and graduated at the Berkeley Street
School of Domestic Science and Art, June, 1903. Children : Dorothy Miller,
Clarissa.
Minnie S., married John L. Barney of Brattleboro.
Soon after his marriage they went to live at the Cutting homestead in Guilford
and remained there until 1885, except for three years when Mr. Cutting was in business
in Boston. He returned to West Brattleboro in 1885.
Joseph C. Cutting, born January 28, 1825, married 1846, Miss Mary Jane Thayer
of Williamsville. Children: Flora J., married August 23, 1882, J. Louis Clary;
Willard H.
Henry M., born January 22, 1831, married Cornelia D., daughter of Elisha Starr,
who died March 27, 189—. Sons: Starr W., born October 14, 1858; Clifton H., died
October 17, 1883, aged twenty years ten months.
Emily C, married Reverend James Eastwood September 1, 1868, died in 1870.
The residence of Reverend James and Emily Cutting Eastwood was built in 1797
by Colonel Daniel Stewart, where he lived till his death in 1834. His son-in-law,
Captain John Cutting, occupied it till his .death in 1844, and his grandson, John S.
Cutting, followed in the same house.
Captain Adolphus Stebbins
Captain Adolphus Stebbins was a son of Levi, and was born in West Brattleboro
November 11, 1779. He was a wagon-maker, and made the first wagon ever built
in this town.
He died December 30, 1856. His wife, Mrs. Parlia H,, died July 10, 1854, aged
sLxty-two. A son :
John H. Stebbins, born July 20, 1828; married in 1862, D. Almira Field of Leverett,
^fassachusetts, who died May 2, 1890, aged fifty-eight. He succeeded his father
in the old carriage factory on Canal Street. He died in 1896.
Other children :
Famiy W., married Clark Jacobs.
Harriet S., born March 11, 1821 ; married William N. Steuben. They moved to
San Francisco in 1868. She died in San Jose September 24, 1900.
1014 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
M.\RCUS ROBBINS
Aquila Robbins, grandson of William (who was granted a tract of land eight miles
square for services in the Nipmuc War) and Priscilla (Gowing) Robbins (who were
married May 4, 1680, in Reading, Massachusetts), was a minute man in the Revolu-
tionary War. His record is that of a true patriot. He married May 22, 1780, in
Franklin, Massachusetts, Elizabeth (Thurston) Whiting.
She was a descendant of Thomas Thurston, who sailed for Boston in the Speedwell
May 30, 1656. Three generations of Thurston men kept a tavern which was licensed
to them for one hundred and si.xteen years ; all three were deacons of the same church.
Aquila moved to Wardsboro, Vermont. Of his six children Erastus was born in
Wardsboro, married Polly Gile, but moved to a farm near the Newfane line when his
children were old enough to attend the Newfane school.
His son, Marcus Rice, named for an uncle, Doctor Marcus Robbins, was born in
Jamaica March 15, 1835; married February 5, 1867, Almira L. Covey, daughter of
Ransome Covey of Brattleboro. Mr. Robbins carried on a hardware business in Green-
field until his health became impaired, and on medical advice he moved his family to
the Covey farm, afterwards known as the "Robbins Farm," where they lived for
thirty years. He died in March, 1918. She died May 6, 1910.
Children :
Walter Marcus, born May 18, 1869; married in 1901, Mary Shaffner of Brattleboro.
Children: George Merton, born 1902; Charlotte Ruth, born in 1904.
Merton C, born August 18, 1875, graduated from the University of Vermont with
the degree of civil engineer in 1898; has been president of the New York Alumni
Association of that university, and active, in an official capacity, in many important
efforts to promote its growth. In 1920 he was appointed a trustee of the university
by the governor of the state.
Following graduation he was an officer of the First Vermont Regiment in the
Spanish War. He married December 27, 1900, Florence Ruth Page of Burlington.
Children : Marcus Page, Merton Covey, Mary Elizabeth.
His first business activity was as western manager of The Engineering News,
which position was held by him for eight years. Another eight years were given
to the general management of The Iron Age and associated publications. In 1919
he bought The Gas Age.
After leaving The Engineering Nezvs in 1907, he was western manager and vice-
president of The American Architect and The Municipal Journal and Engineer
of Chicago ; and later, director of the United Publishers' Corporation and vice-
president of the Federal Printing Company of New York. He was at one time
president of the New York Trade Press Association, and in 1920 was made
president of the Associated Business Papers, Incorporated, the national association
of leading trade and technical publications.
In civic, club and church (Presbyterian) life in his home town of Pelham,
New York, he has been equally active and efficient.
Edmund Frost
Edmund Frost was born in Brattleboro November 16, 1791 ; graduated from Middle-
bury College in 1820, from Andover Theological Seminary in 1823.
He was ordained in Salem, Massachusetts, in September, 1823, went out as a mis-
sionary of the American Board to Bombay, where he died October 18, 1825.
APPENDIX 1015
Rev^erend Ira Childs Stoddard
Reverend Ira Childs Stoddard was born in Brattleboro January 25, 1792. In the
spring of 1816 he went to Hamburg, Erie County, New York, as a teacher; he was
baptized into the Baptist Church December 16, 1816. He then returned to Vermont
and in 1817 was licensed to preach by the Baptist Church of Guilford. In 1819 he
went to Eden, Erie County, New York, where he worked at teaching and preaching
until January, 1825, when he commenced pastoral work. In 1827 he was ordained and
remained eleven years as pastor in Eden.
In 1836 he was called to the Baptist Church of Busti, Chautauqua County, where he
stayed four years. In 1840 he came to Greenfield. From 1849-1853 his pastorate was
in Ripley Center — afterwards in Marietta. He was also four years at Farmington,
one year at Jamestown.
He died January 12, 1878.
Resxrend Doctor Wilbur Fisk
Herrington's "Encyclopedia of American Biography" says :
Reverexd Doctor Wilbur Fisk^ clergyman, college president, lecturer, author, was
born August 31, 1792, in Brattleboro, Vermont. He was a Methodist clergyman, once
famous as a public orator, and the first president of Wesleyan University, Middle-
town, Connecticut, in 1831-1839. He was the author of "Calvinistic Controversy,"
"Travels in Europe," and "Sermons on Universalism." He died February 22, 1839,
in Middletovvn, Connecticut.
Mrs. Julia H. Vinton of Brattleboro spent the greater part of her life as a mis-
sionary among the Burmese, but for a time the family lived in this town. There
were four children : Reverend Sumner R. Vinton, who graduated from the Brattleboro
High School and Brown University and was a missionary in Burma ; George, who died
in Virginia; and Herbert Vinton and Mrs. Seagrave, who lived in Rangoon. Mrs.
Vinton died in Rangoon. Twenty in this family covered five hundred and fifty con-
secutive years of missionary service.
Samuel Elliott Perkins was born December 6, 1811. He passed his youth on a farm,
and had few educational advantages. After attaining his majority he studied law and
was admitted to the bar in Richmond, Indiana, in 1837.
He was appointed prosecuting attorney for the Wayne Circuit in 1843, was a presi-
dential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1844, and from that year till 1864 was judge
of the Supreme Court of the state. He was judge of the Superior Court of Marion
County in 1873-1876 and in the latter year was again placed on the supreme bench,
of which he was chief justice at his death. He was professor of law in the North-
western Christian University, editor and proprietor of The Jeffcrsonian, a Democratic
paper, and published "Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Indiana"
(Indianapolis, 1858) and "Pleadings and Practice under the Code in the Courts of
Indiana" (1859).
He died in Indianapolis December 17, 1879.
Elisha Simoxds
Elisha Simonds, born in Lunenburg, Massachusetts, July 8, 1780, came to Brattle-
boro in 1833 and opened a custom boot and shoe store in what was then known as
Hall's Long Building. The name Simonds was identified witb the shoe business from
the time of his appearance in Brattleboro until the coming of the Dunham Brothers.
1016 . ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
He married, first, September 2, 1802, Polly Brown; second, September 20, 1818,
Lydia Guild ; third, April S, 1839, Clarissa Larrabee. He had seventeen children,
and he died April 6, 1864.
Children by first marriage :
Philinda.
John B., born in Alstead, died in Guilford July 17, 1887, was in the shoe business
in Swanzey with Perrin Simonds before coming to Brattleboro. He had a son,
J. L., born May, 1835; died November 2, 1885.
Captain Perrin, born in Alstead, New Hampshire, March 21, 1807, was in the boot
and shoe business here from 1833 (the year he and his brother Abram came from
Swanzey, New Hampshire) until his death, October 24, 1871, at the age of sixty-
four. He married Eliza Dickinson, who died March II, 1882, aged seventy-six.
Children :
Elvira Jane, married Lewis S. Higgins December 25, 1866; died June 2, 1895.
B. Franklin, died May 3, 1854, aged seventeen.
Henry W., married December 29, 1874, Julia A. Tilden, daughter of Benjamin F.
and Cynthia Esterbrook Tilden. Children: T. Henry; Lucy, married, 1896,
George M. Whitney of Springfield, Vermont ; Arthur P.
After having been with his brother' Frederick W. until 1875, Henry W. was
again in the shoe trade from August 10, 1881, to November 16, 1883, when the
building in which his store was placed was destroyed by fire, occasioning his
removal to Elliot Street.
Lucy S., died October 5, 1873, aged thirty-five.
Frederick W., enlisted in Company C, Second Vermont Regiment, in 1862 as fifer
and was transferred to the brigade band, where he played tuba, and was in the
army three years. He bought his father's shoe business on his return from the
war and took his brother, H. W. Simonds, into partnership. In 1877 he sold
the business to Perry & Cressy and went to Chicago. He married Josie Bossout
of Brattleboro; she died April 2, 1916. He died in 1903. Children: Walter of
Cleveland ; Mrs. Florence Jersey of Cleveland.
Leonard W.
Harriet A.
Elizabeth Ellen, born February 23, 1838 ; married Romanzo C. Cressy, born in
Chesterfield February 6, 1837. He came to Brattleboro in 1872 and worked for
J. G. Taylor in a grocery store ; then he and Noah Perry bought the Perrin
Simonds shoe store, which was located where Dunham Brothers' shoe store now
is, and which they carried on under the name of Perry & Cressy. The latter
retired in 1884, and died October 9, 1902. Mrs. Cressy was organist of the
Universalist Church before her marriage. She died June, 1915. Children:
Frederick, married Miss Mollie Austin ; Lulu, married Francis P. Blake.
Alfred, born in Alstead in 1810, came to Brattleboro in 1832, married Maria, daugh-
ter of Arad Stock-well, died March 5, 1872; she died January 1, 1891. His son:
Colonel Charles F. Simonds, who owned the Centerville tannery, was proprietor
of the American House and a partner in the meat market. He left Brattleboro
in the early sixties for Northampton, where he conducted the Warner House.
The Phoenix Hotel, Lexington, Kentuck-y, was under his control for some time.
He retired with a fortune, and lived in New York and Norwich, Connecticut.
He married, first, Lizzie Bruce of Brattleboro April 5, 1859, and second, Hattie
Hall, by whom he had two children : John A., proprietor of a hotel in Canton,
APPENDIX iOin
Ohio; a sister was Mrs. Lilla M. Harvey of Brattleboro. Charles F. Simonds
married February 24, 1873, Isabella R. Davis.
Colonel Simonds was killed by a fall from the sixth story of the Wauregan
House, Norwich, Connecticut, January 6, 1899.
James Harvey, born in Alstead October 3, 1816, about 1834 came to Brattleboro
from Swanzey and often related that on his arrival here he had just four cents
in money left, besides a small bundle of clothing tied up in a handkerchief, after
paying his bridge toll. His purpose in coming here was to learn the shoemaker's
trade of his older brother, Perrin Simonds. As he grew to manhood young
Simonds went into company with his brother Alfred in the hide and leather busi-
ness at the stand later occupied by Frank Weeks in the Judge building, working
alone at his trade as a shoemaker. In 1889 he went to Granville, Connecticut, to
take charge of a farm owned by his son George, and his last active work was
done there. He married July I, 1839, Eliza Ann Foster; five children were born
to them.
In early and middle life Mr. Simonds was one of the active, energetic men of
the town, and he often recalled with satisfaction his career as a leading member of
the old-time fire department. For years he was a member of the old Mazeppa
Number Four hand-engine company of local historic fame, and for a term of
years was its foreman. Following this he was an assistant engineer when S. M.
Waite was chief. He was one of a company of neighbors who were almost life-
long residents on Canal Street, which comprised Jacob Estey, A. J. Hines, W. H.
Alexander, W. A. Conant and Harvey Houghton. He died February 22, 1894.
Children :
Maverette, married December 22, 1891, Frederick N. Brackett of Methuen, Massa-
chusetts.
Albert J., born 1846, of Newark, Ohio, married Ellen M. Stockwell April 11, 1866.
George T., born 1847, of Maysville, Kentucky.
Frederick R., of Hartford, married January 6, 1876, Lucy Alice Paine of Royals-
ton, Massachusetts.
Abraham B.
Elvira C, married January 1, 1866, Henry A. Reynolds.
Children of Elisha by second marriage :
Mary, married Edward Morris ; died July 9, 1892, aged seventy-three.
Eliza Ann, died August 15, 1882, aged sixty.
Laura Sophia.
Lydia Maria.
Fannie M.
Joseph W., born November 1, 1827, at Swanzey Factory, New Hampshire; when
three months old his parents moved to Keene, New Hampshire. Young Simonds
attended the schools at Keene until he was about seventeen and then came to Brat-
tleboro and entered the tannery of the Goodhue, Chapin Company, which was
situated on the site of the old Valley Mill. He remained in the employ of that
concern seven years, learning the trade of tanner and currier, and then went to
work in the Centerville tannery, where he remained for about four years.
After leaving the tanning business Mr. Simonds, together with Frank Tarbell,
bought out the stage lines between Brattleboro and Wilmington and Brattleboro
and Keene, New Hampshire. These they carried on for three years, finally
selling them to Frank Whitney of Wilmington. Mr. Simonds was for seven
1018 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
years employed in the meat market owned by Hannibal Hadley. For sixteen years
he was a member of the village police force.
He married September 9, 1849, Sdrah Jane, daughter of Samuel and Wealtheon
(Buck) Walker, born in Middlebury December 16, 1824. They had three chil-
dren, two of whom died in infancy. Their daughter. Aura May, married Septem-
ber 6, 1883, S. W. Edwards. A daughter, Zella Edwards.
Erastus G., married December 29, 1851, Abigail Calista, daughter of Shepard and
Marilla (Howard) Rice, born February 5, 1833. He was a shoemaker. They
had three children :
Gertrude, died in infancy.
Willis H., of Woodland, Maine.
Charles R., of Brattleboro.
Mr. Simonds died December 29, 1871. She married October 27, 1881, Chester
W. Thomas, who died March 7, 1902.
George W., lived in Boston.
Elbridge E.
Children of Elisha by third marriage :
Clarissa Elvira.
Captain John G. Clancey
Captain John G. Clancey was born November 30, 1836. He first went to sea in
1854, sailing in clipper ships around the Horn to San Francisco, afterwards becoming
officer and captain of the Panama and Pacific lines and later superintendent of the
Nicaragua Steamship Company. He quit the sea in 1870 and prospected for several
years in Mexico, Lower California and Nevada. He became part owner of Guada-
loupe Island, of San Diego, California, where he established an Angora goat farm. In
1873 he removed to New Mexico, locating at Puerto de Luna, and in 1875 again went
to San Francisco as a stock broker. In 1877 he went to Arizona, buying a fine lot of
sheep, which he brought back to the territory in 1878, and again located at Puerto de
Luna, where he married and passed the remainder of his life. He was a representative
from Guadaloupe County to the Constitutional Convention in 1889, and again repre-
sented that county in 1893, being elected member of the House of Representatives.
Joseph Wilder
Deacon Joseph Wilder, son of Joshua, born October 13, 1812, married Delia A.
Merrifield of Newfane, who died July 4, 1909. He lived on the home farm several
years and on the Hadley farm. In 1854 he removed to West Brattleboro.
In his early manhood he was a teacher of some reputation. He accumulated con-
siderable property by industry, thrift and enterprise, and was generous to benevolent
and church causes.
Between 1881 and 1883 he purchased the Ferdinand Tyler place, where he resided
until his death, October 7, 1889.
His daughter, Jane E., married October 3, 1888, Lemuel A. Pales. A son, Arthur
Wilder Fales, born July 22, 1889, died May 27, 1915. Another son, Gerald, living.
Mrs. Fales gave $1000 to the Vermont Domestic Missionary Association in memory
of her mother, the income to be paid semiannually to the churches of Marlboro and
Newfane on condition that they support preaching for six months each year.
OziAs L. Miner
Ozias L. Miner was born in Leyden, Massachusetts, March 15, 1824, being the
youngest son of twelve children of Cyrus and Fanny Miner. He came to Brattleboro
APPENDIX .1019
about 18SS and became an active, prominent and highly respected citizen and business
man. He was a farmer, and a dealer in wood, farmers' produce and fertilizers ; he
was possessed of rare business capacity, a deep religious character and was held
in high esteem.
Mr. Miner was four times married : First, to Zorador Severance of Leyden ; second,
September 16, 1847, to Sarah A. Harrington of Smyrna, New York; and third, to
Lucretia B. Davis of Whitingham. Children by the second wife: Sydney O., married
October 5, 1875, Miss Hattie M. Wyman of Brooklyn, New York, and Mary Adella,
married Charles Boynton of Roxbury ; by the third wife, Sylvester E. Mr. Miner was
united in marriage with Maria Parker, May 20, 1884. Between Mr. and Mrs. Miner
existed the tenderest affection and their married life was an ideal one. Of the
Methodist Church Mr. Miner had long been an honored member, holding position on
its official board, sustaining the public services by his presence and contributing to its
treasury with the liberality which always characterized his deeds. He died June 24,
1896.
Town Clerks
Brattleboro has had but eleven town clerks in one hundred and twenty-five years,
beginning with Doctor Henry Wells, 1768-1773; Samuel Ivnight, 1773-1774; Elisha
Pierce, 1774-1776; Stephen Greenleaf, 1776-1783; Samuel Knight, 1783-1787; Simp-
son Ellas, 1787-1799; Stephen Greenleaf, Junior, 1799-1844 (forty-five years) ; Lafay-
ette Clark, 1844-1862; Hiram A. Wilson, 1862-1863; William S. Newton, 1863-1911,
at the time of his resignation, completed forty-eight years of service.
List of the Selectmen from 1781 to 1895
1781. Stephen Greenleaf, John Sargeant, Samuel Warriner.
1782. Benjamin Butterfield, Josiah Arms, Lemuel Dickinson.
1783. Benjamin Butterfield, Josiah Arms, Samuel Knight.
1784. Micah Townsend, Israel Smith, Richard Prouty.
1785. Benjamin Butterfield, Joseph Clark, John Steward, Noah Bennett, Jonathan
Goodenough.
1786. Samuel Root, Ebeuezer Root, Joshua Wilder. ,
1787. William Holton, Moses Nash, Stephen Greenleaf.
1788. John Plummer, Rutherford Hayes, Benjamin Wells.
1789. Ebenezer Hadley, Samuel Warriner, Lemuel Dickinson.
1790. Josiah Arms, Charles Evans, Joseph Clark.
1791. Gardiner Chandler, John Stewart, Valentine Harris.
1792. Gardiner Chandler, John Stewart, Daniel Steward.
1793. Samuel Warriner, Benjamin Butterfield, Ephraim Nash.
1794. John Plummer, Simpson Ellas, Ebenezer Fox.
1795. Valentine Harris, Reuben Church, Jabez Wood.
1796. John Steward, Lemuel Whitney, Valentine Harris.
1797. Simeon Eaton, Jonathan Townsend, Reuben Stevens.
1798. Levi Stebbins, Salathiel Haines, Waithill Orvis.
1799. Waithill Orvis, Salathiel Haines, Levi Stebbins.
1800. Waithill Orvis, Levi Stebbins, Salathiel Haines.
1801. Waithill Orvis, Joseph Clark, Jabez Woods.
1802. Joseph Clark, Jazez Woods, Daniel Steward.
1803. Joseph Clark, Levi Goodenough, Valentine Harris.
1804. Joseph Clark, Valentine Harris, Levi Goodenough.
1020 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO '
1805. Joseph Clark, Valentine Harris, Jacob Stoddard.
1806. Jacob Stoddard, Ebenezer Wells, Silas Reeve.
1807. Jacob Stoddard, Silas Reeve, John Steward.
1808. John Steward, Jacob Stoddard, Silas Reeve.
1809. John Steward, Silas Reeve, Asa French.
1810. John Steward, Nathaniel Sampson, Jonas Mann.
1811. Nathaniel Sampson, Samuel Elliot, Elnathan Allen.
1812. Nathaniel Sampson, Elnathan Allen, Daniel Steward.
1813. Daniel Steward, Silas Reeve, Nathaniel Sampson.
1814. Silas Reeve, Elnathan Allen, Valentine Harris.
1815. Miner Butler, Reuben Church, Elnathan Allen.
1816. Reuben Church, Ebenezer Wells, Levi Goodenough.
1817. Henry Clark, Richard Phillips, Samuel Clark.
1818. Henry Clark, Samuel Clark, Levi Goodenough.
1819. Samuel Elliot, Levi Goodenough, Daniel Stewart.
1820. Daniel Steward, Jonas Mann, Samuel Root.
1821. Jonas Mann, Samuel Root, Daniel Stewart (d).
1822. Gilbert Dennison, Jonas Mann, Henry Clark.
1823. Gilbert Dennison, Levi Goodenough, Henry Clark.
1824. Samuel Root, Jonathan Stoddard, Russell Fitch.
1825. Samuel Root, Jonathan Stoddard, Russell Fitch.
1826. Samuel Root, Seth Herrick, Adolphus Stebbins.
1827. Seth Herrick, Rufus Clark, Edward Woodman.
1828. John Plummer, Jesse French, Paul Chase.
1829. John Plummer, Joseph Goodhue, Jesse French.
1830. Joseph Goodhue, Seth Herrick, Levi Goodenough.
1831. Joseph Goodhue, Levi Goodenough, Lafayette Clark.
1832. Joseph Goodhue, Lafayette Clark, Isaac Plummer.
1833. Joseph Goodhue, Lafayette Clark, Isaac Plummer.
1834. Joseph Goodhue, Isaac Plummer, Samuel Earl, Junior.
1835. Joseph Goodhue, Samuel Earl, Junior, Charles Chapin.
1836. Joseph Goodhue, Samuel Earl, Junior, Charles Chapin.
1837. Joseph Goodhue, Samuel Earl, Junior, Lafayette Clark.
1838. Joseph Goodhue, Samuel Earl, Junior, Lafayette Clark.
1839. Joseph Goodhue, Samuel Earl, Junior, Lafayette Clark.
1840. George Newman, Seth Herrick, George W. Ward.
1841. George Newman, Samuel Dutton, Samuel Earl, Junior.
1842. Samuel Root, Paul Chase, S. F. Goodenough.
1843. Samuel Root, Paul Chase, S. F. Goodenough.
1844. Samuel Root, S. F. Goodenough, Chester W. Sargeant.
1845. Samuel Root, S. F. Goodenough, Chester W. Sargeant.
1846. Samuel Root, S. F. Goodenough, Chester W. Sargeant.
1847. Joseph Goodhue, Simon F. Goodenough, Samuel Earl, Junior.
1848. Joseph Goodhue, Simon F. Goodenough, Samuel Earl, Junior.
1849. Samuel Root, Zenas Frost, Willard Arms, Junior.
1850. Samuel Root, Zenas Frost, Willard Arms, Junior.
1851. Samuel Root, Zenas Frost, Willard Arms, Junior.
1852. Samuel Root, Zenas Frost, Willard Arms, Junior.
1853. Zenas Frost, Willard Arms, Junior, Joseph Clark.
1854. Joseph Clark, Joseph Steen, Chester W. Sargent.
APPENDIX lOai
1855. Josejih Clark, Joseph Stceii, Chester W. Sargent.
1856. Samuel Kiiight, KM Sargcant, Samuel Earl.
1857. Samuel Knight, Eli Sargeant, Chester VV. Sargeant.
1858. Samuel Knight, Willard Arms, Junior, Alfred Sargeant.
1859. Samuel Knight, Alfred Sargeant, Winsor Goodenough.
1860. Samuel Knight, Winsor Goodenough, Alfred Simonds.
1861. Samuel Knight, Willard Arms, Junior, Alfred Simonds.
1862. Samuel Knight, Jacob Estcy, William H. Gould.
1863. Samuel Knight, David Goodell, William H. Gould.
1864. Henry F. Smith, David Goodell, Willard Arms.
1865. George Newman, Samuel Knight, Samuel Martin.
1866. George Newman, Samuel Knight, Samuel Martin.
1867. Timothy Vinton, John W. Burnap, Frank W. Richardson.
1868. S. N. Herrick, H. C. Nash, Jared Holbrook.
1869. S. N. Herrick, H. C. Nash, Jared Holbrook.
1870. S. N. Herrick, H. C. Nash, George G. Allen.
1871. S. N. Herrick, E. Wing Packer, Oliver H. Carpenter.
1872. S. N. Herrick, E. Wing Packer, Oliver H. Carpenter.
1873. S. N. Herrick, E. Wing Packer, Oliver H. Carpenter.
1874. S. N. Herrick, E. Wing Packer, Oliver H. Carpenter.
1875. S. N. Herrick, Parley Starr, Henry Akley.
1876. S. N. Herrick, William F. Richardson, Dwight Goodenough.
1877. Seth N. Herrick, William F. Richardson, Dwight Goodenough.
1878. Seth N. Herrick, William F. Richardson, Dwight Goodenough.
1879. D, Stewart Pratt, S. N. Herrick, William F. Howe.
1880. Jacob Estey, Francis W. Brooks, Sidney L. Morris.
1881. S. N. Herrick, William F. Richardson, Lovell A. Barney.
1882. Seth N. Herrick, William F. Richardson, Lovell A. Barney.
1883. Seth N. Herrick, George A. Boyden, Henry Akley.
1884. S. N. Herrick, George A. Boyden, Henry Akley.
1885. Seth N. Herrick, George A. Boyden, Henry Akley.
1886. Seth N. Herrick, George A. Boyden, Henry Akley.
1887. Seth N. Herrick, George A. Boyden, Henry Akley.
1888. Seth N. Herrick, George A. Boyden, Henry Akley.
1889. George W. Hooker, Addison B. Hall, David T. Perry.
1890. George W. Hooker, A. B. Hall, David T. Perry.
1891. G. W. Hooker, A. B. Hall, D. T. Perry.
1892. George W. Hooker, A. B. Hall, D. T. Perry.
1893. George A. Boyden, Addison B. Hall, David T. Perry.
1894. George A. Boyden, Barna A. Clark, Hiram F. Weatherhead.
1895. D. P. Webster, H. F. Weatherhead, E. H. Putnam.
Brattleboro's Represent.\tives and Ye.^rs or Their Election
1780. Samuel Wells. 1795. Samuel Warriner.
1781-83-84-85-89-97. Samuel Knight. 1798-99-1802. John W. Blake.
1781. John Sargeant. 1800-01. Joseph Clark.
1782-83. Benjamin Butterfield. 1803-09. James Elliot.
1786-87-88. Israel Smith. 1803-04-05-06-07-27-31-32-34-36.
1790-91. Gardner Chandler. Lemuel Whitney.
1792-93-94-96. Josiah Arms. 1808-10-11-12. John Noyes.
1022
ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
1809. Jonas Mann.
1813-14-15-22-23-28-29-30. Samuel Elliot.
1816-17-24. Jonathan Hunt, Junior.
1818-19. James Elliot.
1820-21-25-26. Samuel Clark.
1833. Charles Chapin.
1835. Asa Keyes.
1837-38. Calvin Townsley.
1839-40. Ebenezer Wells.
1841. Cyril Martin.
1842-43. Lafayette Clark.
1844-47. John R. Blake.
1845. Gardner C. Hall.
1846. Royall Tyler.
1848-49. George Newman.
1850-51. Samuel Earl, Junior.
1852-53. Roswell Hunt.
1854. Edward Kirkland.
1855. Joseph Clark.
1856-57. Jonathan Dorr Bradley.
1858-59. George B. Kellogg.
1860-61. Darwin H. Ranney.
1862-
1864-
1866-
1868-
1870.
1872-
1874,
1876,
1878,
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892.
1894.
63. David Goodell.
65. Silas M. Waite. '
67. Seth N. Herrick.
69. Jacob Estey,
Biennial Term. Edward Crosby.
96-98. Biennial Terms.
Kittredge Haskins.
Biennial Term. John S. Cutting.
Biennial Term. Julius J. Estey.
Biennial Term.
William H. Rockwell.
■82. Biennial Term.
George W. Hooker.
■1902. Biennial Terms.
James Conland.
Biennial Term. George F. Brooks.
Biennial Term. Henry D. Holton.
Biennial Term.
Oscar A. Marshall.
Biennial Term. James L. Martin.
Biennial Term. George A. Hines.
County Senators and Years of Their Election
1837. John Phelps.
1839-42. Calvin Townsley.
1843. William Harris.
1847-48. Larkin G. Mead.
1849-50.
Frederick Holbrook.
1851-52.
John R. Blake.
1853-55.
J. J. Crandall.
1855-56.
Asa Keyes.
1858-59-60. R. W. Clarke,
William Harris, Junior
1860-61.
B. D. Harris, Parley Starr.
1862-63.
Edward Kirkland.
1862-64.
Alonzo Starkey.
1866-67.
Daniel Kellogg.
1868-69. David Goodell, H. H. Wheeler.
1868-70. Seth N. Herrick.
1872-73. John L. Butterfield,
Jacob Estey, 1872.
1874-75. George Howe.
1874-75-76-77. O. E. Butterfield.
1876-77. E. L. Waterman.
1878-79. Dan P. Webster.
1880-81. Levi K. Fuller.
1882-83. J. J. Estey, William B. Cutting.
1884. Henry D. Holton.
1886. Edgar W. Stoddard.
1892. Kittredge Haskins.
1894-00. Robert E. Gordon.
Admitted to the Bar
"Attornies admitted to the bar by the Court of Common Pleas and General Session
of the peace, within and for the County of Cumberland, New York."
September, 1772. Samuel Knight.
June, 1781. Samuel Knight.
June, 1781. Micah Townsend.
June, 1790. John W. Blake.
Windham County
June, 1802. William C. Bradley.
November 1794. Royall Tyler.
November, 1792. John Hunt.
APPENDIX
1033
June, 1804. Samuel Elliot.
June, 1810. Asa Greene.
December, 1810. Grindall Ellis.
December, 1810. Levi Field.
June, 1813. Daniel Kellogg.
December, 1814. Asa Keyes.
June, 1818. Henry Kellogg.
June, 1820. Thomas G. Carey.
June, 1821. Lark in G. Mead.
1825. Charles K. Field.
April, 1827. Elisha H. Allen.
September, 1828. Jonathan Dorr Bradley,
April, 1829. Edwin D. Elliot.
April, 1839. Edward Kirkland.
April, 1841. Frederick N. Palmer.
September, 1841. Samuel H. Price.
September, 1842. Charles L Walker.
November, 1844. George B. Kellogg.
May, 1845. Abishai Stoddard.
September, 1846. Ranslure W. Clarke.
April, 1847. George Howe.
April, 1854. Charles N. Davenport.
October 10, 1895.
April, 1858. Kittrcdge Haskins.
September, 1859. Hoyt H. Wheeler.
September, 1860. James M. Tyler.
September, 1863. Eleazer L. Waterman.
September, 1863. John W. Phelps.
April, 1864. Asaph P. Childs.
September, 1864. John C. Tyler.
April, 1865. George W. Davenport.
April, 1867. Oscar E. Butterfield.
April, 1869. Jonathan G. Eddy.
William C. Holbrook.
September, 1870. Edgar W. Stoddard.
September, 1871. Henry K. Field.
.\rthur C. Bradley.
Edgar H. Davenport.
April, 1872. C. F. Eddy.
April, 1875. Frank J. Barber.
October 27, 1887. George B. Hitt.
October 22, 1891. Henry R. Knight.
October 22, 1891. Clarke C. Fitts.
October 27, 1892. Charles H. Robb.
October 26, 1893. Herbert G. Barber.
Liston Gray Ketchum.
State's Attorneys
Appointed by County Court
June 26, 1781. Stephen Rowe Bradley. November, 1788-89. Samuel Knight.
May, 1783. Samuel Knight. November, 1789. Stephen R. Bradley.
December, 1783. Stephen Rowe Bradley. November, 1794. Royall Tyler.
Appointed by Joint Assembly
1795-1800. Royall Tyler. 1827-28. Daniel Kellogg.
1804-11. William C. Bradley. 1837-38. James Elliot.
1814-15. Samuel Elliot. 1841-42-43. Royall Tyler.
1822. James Elliot. 1847-48-49. Edward Kirkland.
1822-23-24-25. Samuel Elliot. 1849. George B. Kellogg.
1850-51.
1852-54.
1858-60.
1866-68.
1870-72.
1872-74.
Elected by People .\nd Bienni.\lly .\fter 1869
George B. Kellogg. 1874-75. Oscar E. Butterfield.
R. W. Clarke.
George Howe.
J. M. Tyler.
Kittredge Haskins.
Eleazer Waterman.
1876-77,
1878-79,
1882-83,
1890-92,
1894-96,
J. L. Martin.
Edgar W. Stoddard.
Augustine A. Butterfield.
George B. Hitt.
Clarke C. Fitts.
Judges of Prob.^te, District of Marlboro
Elected by the People
1781-89. Micah Townsend.
1034
ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Appointed bv Joint Assembly
1786-88. Micah Townsend. 1843-44. Henry Smith.
1817-29. Lemuel Whitney. 1844-46. Lemuel Whitney.
1829-31. Samuel Elliot. 1846-96. C. Royall Tyler.
Elected by the People
1850. C. Royall Tyler.
Councillors Elected by the People .
1829-30. Samuel Clark.
Judges of the County Court
February 21, 1783. Stephen R. Bradley.
October 24, 1783. Jonathan Hunt in place of Stephen R. Bradley, resigned.
Chief Judges
1794-96. Samuel Knight.
1807-10. Oliver Chapin.
1833-34. Samuel Clark.
1781. Micah Townsend.
1794. Richard Whitney.
1844-45. Samuel Elliot.
Two Assistant Justices
1849-50. Henry Clark.
1853-57. William Harris.
1882-92. Ranslure W. Clarke.
County Clerks
1796-1816. 'Lemuel Whitney.
1819-20; 1826-36. James Elliot.
1851-96. Royall Tyler.
1822-29. Paul Chase.
Sheriffs of Windh.^m County
June 15, 1781. Jonathan Hunt.
Appointed by Joint Assembly
1830-36. Henry Smith.
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
1807-08-09-10-11-12. Royall Tyler.
Assistant Judges
Tyler. 1869-74-76. Hoyt H. Wheeler.
1887 to 1906, inclusive. James M. Tyler.
1801-06. Roval
1785. Micah Townsend.
1792-99. Samuel Knight.
Council of Censors
1806. John Noyes.,
1869. Charles K. Field.
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention
1791. Gardner Chandler. 1836. Samuel Clark.
1793. Samuel Knight. 1843. Henry Clark.
1814. Samuel Elliot. 1850. Calvin Townsley.
1822. Jonas Mann. 1857. Ranslure W. Clarke.
1828. Lemuel Whitney. ' 1870. Charles K. Field.
APPENDIX 1025
Secretary of State
1781-1788. Micah Townseiid
Secretary to Governor and Council
1823-1828. Daniel Kellogg
Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs
1852-1853. Pliny H. White 1892-1894. Joseph H. Colliding
Clerks of the House
1801-1803. James Elliot 1858-1862. Charles Cummings
Judges of the United States District Court
1877-1906. Hoyt H. Wheeler 1906-1915. James L. Martin
District Attorneys
1829-1841. Daniel Kellogg 1861-1864. George Howe
1880-1887. Kittrcdge Haskins
Marshal
1853-1857. Charles Chapin
Representatives in Congress
1803-1809. James Elliot 1815-1817. John Noyes
1827-1832. Jonathan Hunt 1879-1883. James M. Tyler
1901-1909. Kittredge Haskins
Presidential Electors
1844. Calvin Townsley. \'ote cast for Henry Clay and Theodore Frelinghuysen.
1852. Edward Kirkland. Vote cast for Winfield Scott and William A. Graham.
1864. Daniel Kellogg. Vote cast for Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.
1868. Ranslure W. Clarke. Vote cast for Ulysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax.
1876. Jacob Estey. Vote cast for Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler.
1880. William W. Lynde. Vote cast for James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur.
Children of Doctor Henry and Hanxah (Stout) Wells
Henry, born in New York March 20, 1765; married; died in New York July 29,
1827; he had si.x children.
John, born in New York November 12, 1766; married January 13, 1789, Anna Arms
of Greenfield; died at Chelsea, Vermont, December 1, 1831 ; they had eleven children.
Obadiah, born in Brattleboro July 23, 1768; married Aelthea Southmayd; died, 1848,
at Charlestown, New Hampshire.
Hannah, born May 3, 1770; died October 11, 1812.
Cornelius, born September 9, 1772; married Parla Taft of Uxbridge, Massachusetts,
July 11, 1799; died at East Hartford, Connecticut, February 25, 1852. He had five
children.
Doctor Richard, born June 24, 1774; married Miriam Hayden of Conway, Massachu-
setts, July 30, 1798; died at Canandaigua, New York, September 12, 1841 ; had fourteen
children.
1036 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Elizabeth Sibley, born July 14; died August 1, 1776.
Phoebe, born October 28, 1777; married Parsons Clapp of Montague November 13,
1796; died at Wilmington, Vermont, December 3, 1853; they had ten children.
Benjamin S., born September 10, 1780; married September 10, 1805, Mehitable Clapp
of Montague ; he died April 3, 1844 ; six children.
Katharine, born in Montague July 1, 1782; died April 3, 1857.
Abigail, born August IS, 1784; died December 13, 1858.
Mary Hannibal, born April 28, 1788; married January 3, 1810, Daniel Rovve of
Montague; died July 23, 1876; five children.
William, born November 13, 1789; died August 30, 1866.
Hannah, Katharine, Abigail and William were deaf-mutes.
Children of George Baty and Anna Hull Blake
Francis Stanton, born May 8, 1837; Harvard College, 1857; married Eugenia M. S.
White.
George Baty, Junior, born December 13, 1838; Harvard College, 1859; Law School,
1861; married, first, January IS, 1867, Harriet Johnson of Kentucky, who died June
12, 1872. Children: George Baty, born September 28, 1870; Francis Stanton, born
May 26, 1872. He married, second. May 18, 1876, Sarah Putnam, daughter of John
Amory Lowell, who died in December, 1899. She was prominently identified for many
years with philanthropic work. Children : John Amory, born October 2, 1879. He
married, third, Margaret Hemenwell.
Arthur Welland, born November S, 1840, member of Boston Stock Exchange; he
was a member of the Union, Athletic, St. Botolph, Eastern Yacht and Country Clubs,
and the Union Club of New York ; married Frances, daughter of Henry Greenough,
April 25, 1868; he died March 28, 1893, aged fifty-two. Children: Ann, born Febru-
ary 11, 1875, married Richardson; Nickerson.
Elizabeth Cabot, married September 14, 1876, Doctor David H. Hayden, died March
21, 1899. One child.
Henry Jones, born June 11, 1843, married May 22, 1865, Sarah, daughter of Walter
C. Green, died in Paris October 11, 1880. Children: Lieutenant Henry Jones, of the
Regular Army, born January 28, 1867; Alice Russell, born February 11, 1870.
Anna S. C, born November 29, 1844; after traveling extensively in Europe, where
she studied art and the sciences, went to Santa Barbara, California, and bought prop-
erty called !Miradero on one of the hills just west of the old mission, where she
erected a handsome residence at a cost of $85,000. Soon after she began working in
the interest of the manual training school of Santa Barbara, and into this she put
$30,000 or more. In 1891 she established a cooking department, and in 1892 inaugu-
rated the sloyd movement in the West. In 1893 she put up a building in which the
school is now located, equipping it and furnishing teachers, whose salaries she paid.
In 1895 the school was incorporated into the city system, and the whole property was
deeded to tlie city. She died March 21, 1899. By her will the Miradero property
was to be turned into a "Hospital for Convalescents," and $80,000 was given in trust
for the institution. The Cottage Hospital at Santa Barbara and the Massachusetts
General Hospital of Boston received endowments of $10,000 each. The old mission of
Santa Barbara received $1000, and an annuity of $4500 went to the city for the manual
training school.
John Welland, born April 19, 1846; died February 19, 1861.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
A Letter from the Hungarian Patriot, Louis Kossuth
Washington, Jan. 9, 1852.
My dear Sir
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your much esteemed
favor of the 6th of Jan. in which you were so kind to inform me in the
name of a committee of ladies of Brattleboro that the sum of $125 is
placed in the hands of Horace Greeley, Esq. of the city of New York,
to be at my disposal to aid me in our struggle to regain the liberty and
independence of my "fatherland."
The money, as you say, was raised at a Tea Party given for the purpose
by the Ladies of your village on the evening of Jan. 1st.
Allow me to express my warmest thanks for this kind gift which the
noble and patriotic Ladies of Brattleboro so generously granted in behalf
of the cause of my poor down trodden country.
Female hearts are always susceptible of sympathy and the remembrance
of the kind ofifering from the noble hearted Ladies of Brattleboro shall be
cherished by me and shall aid me in the efTort to accomplish the freedom
of Hungary.
I thank you. Sir, from my heart for your kindness and generous senti-
ments, and believe me to be with the highest regard
Your
obedient servant
L. Kossuth.
Addison Brown, Esq.
Brattleboro, Vermont.
Page 35. John Arms, son of John and Hannah (Nash) Arms of Hatfield
and grandson of William Arms of Deerfield, both of whom saw much
service in the Indian wars, was born in 1722 ; married December,
IT-lS, Susanna Wlllard, who died March 7, 1793. He was sheriff,
1755-1770. Children:
Susanna, married Simon Willard.
Hannah, married August 23, 1778, Ebenezer Fox.
1028 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Lucinda, married Doctor Lemuel Dickerman.
Josiah, born in 1761, married Cynthia Avery.
John Willard, poet.
Page 61. Southwest quarter of Brattleboro, not southeast.
Page 91. Rebecca Wells, not Rachel.
Page 100. Judge Ebenezer T. Wells, a merchant, grandson of Reverend
William Wells of Brattleboro, was born in Richland, Oswego County,
New York, May 15, 1836. The family moved to Henry County,
Illinois, in 1838. Judge Wells graduated from Knox College in 1854
and was admitted to the bar in March, 1856. He practiced law in
Rock Island, Illinois, until the opening of the Civil War, when he was
commissioned lieutenant in the 89th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer
Infantry, was promoted to captain and then was commissioned as
assistant adjutant-general. In his last year of service he was assistant
adjutant-general to the third division of the Fourteenth Army Corps
and the sixth division of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Cumber-
land. He went to Colorado in 1865 and settled in Gilpin County,
where he practiced law until March 1, 1871, when he was appointed
justice in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Colorado. When
Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 he was elected to the
state's Supreme Bench, but resigned before the expiration of the
first year. He was a member of the territorial legislative assembly in
the winter of 1866-1867 and framed the revision of the territorial
statutes known as the "Revised Statutes of 1866."
Page 111. It was Jonathan Gorton who married a daughter of Samuel
Wells.
Page 121:. At a town meeting holden in Brattleborough this 12th day of
March 1783.
Voted 1st. As the opinion of this town, that there is a treaty entered
into with the enemy ; as appears by a printed hand-bill, and other
corroborated circumstances.
2dly As the opinion of this town, that the people inhabiting the
territory called the New Hampshire Grants, justly owe their
allegiance to the State of New York.
3dly That it is the opinion of this meeting, that it is their duty to
withdraw all allegiance or obedience to the State, or authority
of Vermont.
41y That it is the opinion of this meeting, that if a sufficient number
of inhabitants in the several towns of this county adopt similar
sentiments, that they will petition to his excellency, the Governor
of the State of New York to appoint civil, and military officers
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 1029
, in this county and establish civil government under the authority
of the State of New York immediately.
Sly To choose a committee of three persons to correspond with the
several towns upon the foregoing purpose, and to make return
of their doings as soon as may be.
61y That TIMOTHY CHURCH, ELIJAH PROUTY and BEN-
JAMIN BAKER be the committee for said purpose.
A true copy of the proceedings of the meeting.
Test. Timothy Church
Elijah Proutv
Committee
Page 13G. Thomas J. Knight, born in Dummerston August S, 1824, went
to Marlboro, came to Brattleboro and worked for the Estey Organ
Company many years; married, first. Miss Lucy Shephard of Jamaica,
and had a daughter, Sibyl Fisher; married, second, Miss Maria Rice
of Brattleboro.
EInathan Allen, married, first. Miss Betsey M. Pierce. Children.
Susan E. S., married J. Dwight Plummer, born 182G, died 1903.
Children : Virginia, married June 15, 1874, Henry P.. Pitman of
Troy, New York; Edward A., born 1858, died 1905.
Frances, became Mrs. Lawrence.
Julia, married Avery Plummer.
Elizabeth, married Charles Wood.
Charles.
William, married and had two sons and four daughters who have
died.
Page 190. Holden, Massachusetts, not Bolton.
Page 197. Mrs. Cynthia Ryan, not Miss.
Page 211. Judge Lemuel Whitney married twice; by his first wife were
children: Susan, George, Lemuel, Captain Samuel Brenton.
Page 215. Honorable James Elliot was captain in the War of 1812.
Page 217. Honorable Samuel Elliot was among the speakers on Stratton
Mountain with Daniel Webster.
Page 230. Cut out footnote.
Page 244. Silk Manual and Practical Farmer, Complete Farmer, Register
of Arts, Science of Sanctity, add to other publications of Thomas
Green Fessenden.
Page 246. W. R. Geddis, not W. H.
Page 251. The parents of Chief Justice Tyler were Royall and Alary
(Steele) Tyler of Boston.
1030 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Page 268. Royall Tyler one of the corporators of the University of Ver-
mont, 1802-1813, and Professor of Law, 1811-1814.
Page 284. Honorable Oliver Chapin kept the stage house at Orange,
Massachusetts, 1790 .
Harvey Putnam was born in Brattleboro January 5, 1793, received
a limited schooling, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began
practice in Attica, New York. He held several local offices; was
elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth Congress to fill a vacancy
caused by the death of William Patterson and served from March 4,
1838, to March 3, 1839 ; was a member of the state senate, 1843-1846 ;
elected to the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses (March 4, 1847-
March 3, 1851). He died in Attica, New York, September 20, 1855.
Page 287. Ezra Clark, Junior, born September 12, 1813, moved with his
parents to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1819 ; was partner with his
father at twenty-one years of age; member of council and board of
aldermen; for a time judge of Municipal Court and held many local
offices. He was elected representative to the Thirty-fourth and
Thirty-fifth Congresses (1855-1859). He died at Hartford Septem-
ber 26, 1896.
Page 289. Gouverneur Morris, son of General Lewis R. Morris of
Springfield, Vermont, was born in 1809 ; married, 1836, Frances
Hunt; he died May 11, 1894. A daughter, Sarah Seymour, married
Ira M. Humphreys.
Page 316. Charlotte, daughter of Willard Arms, born November 22,
1804; married December 15, 1833, Oliver S. Mattoon of Springfield.
Doctor Russell Fitch married, second, 1818, Betsey, daughter of
William and Abiah (Brooks) Harris, born March 22, 1800.
Pages 354, 818, 912. Doctor Carlton P. Frost, not Charles.
Page 355. David Wood, first cabinetmaker and undertaker, lived first in
West Brattleboro, where he became a member of the church ; removed
to Greencastle, Indiana. His wife, Mary, died in 1836, aged thirty-
four. He died February 28, 1868, aged eighty-six.
Page 372. Clarence F. R. Jenne was an incorporator of the Brattleboro
Savings Bank and a director of the Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion. He rnarried September 15, 1880, Ida May, daughter of Sidney
H. Sherman. Children : Mary Pauline, graduated at Mount Holyoke,
married Henry Wheeler Warren and has a daughter, Elizabeth
Jenne; Sherman Austin, born August 24, 1889, married Elva Hawkes
of South Vernon and has two children, Ruth Stark, Clarence.
Page 390. Elihu H. Thomas, not Elihu N.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 1031
Page 397. Under Charles Wetherbee Brown omit "of the 2d Regiment
of Vermont Volunteers." Add a son, Malancthon Starr Brown.
Add three daughters. Grandsons: Addison Brown and Charles
Wetherbee Brown.
Under Colonel Augustus T. Dunton: practiced, not preached, in
Bennington County, Vermont, and Lawrence County, New York.
Omit "in a New York regiment of United States Volunteers."
Page 413. Reverend James and Laura D. Wiggin had a daughter, Caro-
line, who married November 21, 1888, Walter L. Keith of Cleveland,
Ohio.
Page 479. Van Rensselaer Lansingh, not Lansingh Van Rensselaer.
Page 492. Children of Reverend George B. and Lucy B. Goodhue
Draper :
George Wells, born August 23, 1851.
Frederick Goodhue, born August 23, 1854.
Walter, born June 27, 1857.
Reverend Frank B., born November 10, 1859, of the Protestant
Episcopal Church.
Laura B., married Corliss of St. Paul, Minnesota.
Lizzie E., married Merriam, son of Governor Merriam of
St. Paul.
Charles W. Goodhue, born November 2, 1835; married Mrs. Ehza-
beth (Eldredge), widow of Major Earned, U. S. A. She died,
leaving a son :
Wells, born November 6, 1859; married December 14, ISST,
Louise M. Graff of New Orleans. Children : Wells Eldredge,
born February 13, 1891, graduated United States Naval
Academy, 1911; Louise Helen, born November 24, 1902.
Charles W-, married, second. Miss Helen Grosvenor Eldredge of
Pomfret, Connecticut. Children: Bertram Grosvenor, Harry
Eldredge, Edward Eldredge.
Page 499. Edward and Lucia H. (Dwinell) Case, not Chase.
Page 520. Sewall Newhouse, not Morehouse.
Page 545. Norwich, Massachusetts, not Warwick.
Page 546. Edward Kirkland, not Edward B.
Page 555. Willis Bemis, not Wilham.
Page 581. William A. Kuech came with Doctor Wesselhoeft from
Boston. Mrs. Elizabeth Kuech died .'\ugust 17, 1882, aged fifty-eight.
Children :
Julia, born 1847, died 1911.
1032 ANNALS OF BRATTLEBORO
Minna D., married March 1, 1870, George Russell of Whitehall,
New York.
Frederick W., married January 1, 1889, Luella, daughter of J. G.
Newton. He died October, 1920. Children : Russell N., born
December 2, 1890, graduated from High School, 1909, Dart-
mouth B.A. ; Julius Frederic.
Page 595. Fred Franks, son of Frederick Franks, a German tailor and
dealer in men's clothing, who married, November 4, 1834, Laura
• Hubbard of Vernon and died in Tipton, Indiana, January, 1880,
aged seventy-six, was in early life a bookkeeper for Frost & Goodhue
and after a clerkship with Bela N. Chamberlain became partner in
the firm Chamberlain & Franks, that sold "hats, caps, and furs."
From 1862 to 1868 he was with his uncle, George B. Clark, in the
hardware business purchased from Joseph Clark, the firm being Clark
& Franks. The Franks family lived in the house on High Street now
owned by Doctor Edwin S. Bowen and, after the death of the parents,
owned by Fred and two sisters.
Other children of Frederick and Laura (Hubbard) Franks were:
Laura H., died September 3, 1879, aged thirty-nine; Sarah L., died
January 8, 1885, aged forty-eight.
Page 595. Bela N. Chamberlain was born in Newport, New Hampshire,
June 14, 1823. He served as apprentice in the hat factory of Amos
Little and became a partner; owned a hat store in Peterboro, New
Hampshire, in 1853, making part of his own stock. In 1854 Henry
Pond of Keene induced him to come into his business in Brattleboro.
In 1861 Mr. Chamberlain bought his partner's interest and took as
clerk Frederick Franks. When Mr. Franks retired Mr. Chamberlain
was assisted by his son, Herbert B. He was a prominent member
of the Baptist Church, a trustee and auditor of the Vermont Savings
Bank, town lister and bailiff. He married Hannah T. Cram, who
died April 14, 1903. He died July 14, 1887, aged sixty-four. His
son, Herbert B., born in 1848, married May 13, 1896, Nettie Phillips.
Page 660. Omit "the house opposite for pupils."
Page 684. Columbia Law School, not Colorado.
Page 720. The date of Green Mountain Boy and Girl was 1860, not 1869.
Page 767. Rinaldo H. Hescock enlisted in Company C, Second Vermont
Volunteers, early in 1861, was in the battle of Bull Run, in General
Smith's Corps before Richmond, three weeks in Libby Prison, in
the battle of Malvern Hill, and finally wounded.
Page 772. Edwin H. Putnam saw active service at Gettysburg.
Page 773. Colonel George H. Bond married January 6, 1870, Addie,
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 1033
daughter of George and Elisheba Maynard of Orange, Massachu-
setts. Children :
Nellie G., married October 19, 1882, Wilfred F. Root. Children:
Margaret Esther, died October 12, 1918, aged twenty-four.
Ralph Carpenter, born July 18, 189G.
Elizabeth C, married April 25, 1894, Clifford G. Maynard and has
two children: Marion, Alice.
Page 933. July 3, 1873, not July 8, 1893.
Frederick, born September 18, 1849, not September IC.
INDEX
INDEX
Abbott: Rev. Dr. Abiel of Peterboro,
N. H., 390, 396. Academy, Mass., 920.
David A., 861, 880, 882. John, 861.
Rev. John S. C, 829. Wilson, 403.
Aberdeen, Scotland, University of, 228.
Academy of Design, New York City, the,
970.
Acker: Mary W. (Clarke), 690. Hon. Milo
M., 690.
Ackerman : Aaron A., 8o6. E. P., 832, 833,
856.
Acton, Mass., 546.
Adams: Abigail, 261. Averill, 703. Mrs.
Charles Francis, 724. Charles R., 991.
Crosby, 703, Edgar E., 765, 775. Edith,
703. Eleanor, 703. Ella C. (Schadt),
703. Ella H. (Crosby), 700, 702. Eugene
H., 355. Fred C, 601, 703. Georgt
E., 703. Helen M. (Emerson), 703.
Captain Ira, inn of, 327. John, 261,
319. John Q., 746, 747, 907. J. S.,
826. Leroy F., 698, 700, 702, 703.
Luther, farm of. 695. Lyman, 703.
Margaret (Averill), 703. Marion, 703.
Mrs. Mary Ann, 868. Mass., 556.
Nathan, 180, 182. Rev. Paul S., 452.
Mrs. Rhoda (Reeve), 79. Rosamond,
703. Ruth (Hunt), 703. Ruth L.
eDowner), 703. Simeon, 652, 653.
William M. E., 878.
Addington, Isaac, of Mass., 6.
Adkins: Eliza L. (Clark), 483. Timothy,
1012.
Admitted to the Bar. 1022; Windham
County, 1022, 1023.
Adsit, E. S., 933. Millie (Childs), 933.
Advertisements of 1803, two, 301.
Agassiz : Elizabeth Cabot (Cary), 524.
Louis, first president of Radcliffe Col-
lege, 524.
Ahem, Johanne, 650.
Aiken: Caroline G. (Clark), 230. Rev.
James, 230.
Ainsworth: Dr. Fred S., 285. Mary
(Chapin), 285. Mary Minot (Greene),
821. Mary Morse, 821. William, 821.
Akley (Akeley), Clark B., 776. Thomas,
150, 163, 180, 182 ; the family of, 1006.
Willard H., 776.
Akron, Ohio, 676, 698.
Albany: N. Y., 10, 44, 59, 61, 64, 159, 168,
170, 185, 208, 230, 289, 301, 370, 438,
439, 583, 697, 725, 751, 912, 932, 972.
County, 58, 59, 65, 118. Albany Law
School, 959.
Alden: James Everett, 768, 776. M., 168.
Aldis : Madame Amy, 712. Amy (Brad-
ley), 713, 731. Arthur T., 713. Chief
Justice Asa, 710. Hon. Asa Owen,
712. 713, 787. & Co., 732. Cornelia
J.. 713. Graham, 713. Helen (Lath-
rop), 713. Leila (Houghtaling), 713.
Marie Madeline (de Mas), 713. Mary
(Reynolds), 713. Mary Townsend
(Taylor), 713. Miranda M. (Kellogg),
710, 712, 713. Northcote & Aldis. 713.
Owen, 713. Owen Franklin, 713.
Aldrich; Dr. Charles R., 821. Edith
(Greene), 821. James D.. 778.
Alexander: Caleb H., 776. Charles E., 689,
692. Ebenezer, 17. Ellen A. (Harris),
689. Foster, 186. Freedom (Clark),
229. House. 363. John, 17, 53, 63,
68, 73. 102, 103, 163, 177, 178, 180, 182,
997. Ensign John, 150, 151. Ensign
Jonathan, 68, 151, 163. Ensign Jona-
than Sartle. 151. Place, 417. Reuben,
186. Sylvia (Ryther), 422. W., 417.
Willard H., 689, 848, 850, 869.
.\lexanders, the, 599.
Alger, Cyrus. 676.
Algiers, Vt., 309, 332, 797, 865.
-Mlardice, Margaret (Bigelow), 203.
Allcott's Falls, 304.
Allen: Adele L. (Stevens), 524. A. G.,
442. Alexander G., 777. Appleton,
523. Barbara, 524. Betsey, 357. Major
B. R.. 828. Caroline (Dwight), 523.
Mrs. C. E., 871. Dr. Charles I., 317.
Cordelia C. (Bishop), 523. David. 340.
Dora A. (Bingham), 828. Mrs. E.
Humphrey, SSI. Hon. Elisha H., 237,
1038
INDEX
339, 364, 522, 523, 524. Elisha H., Jr.,
of E. H. Allen, Jr., & Co., 523. Elisha
Hunt, III, 523. Ellen H. (Tiffany)
(Patterson) (Harris), 523. Elnathan,
111, 162, 180, 182, 329, 347. Col.
Ethan, 120, 126, 128, 167, 255; statues
of, 703, 720. F. H., 884, 885. Fred-
erick, H., of Allen & Cammany, 524.
Helen (Hunt), 523. Helen W. (Wy-
man), 702. Captain Heman, 112.
Holbrook, 523. Ira, 118, 126, 128.
Isaac K., 555, 768, 776, 845, 850, 889.
J. F., A. B., 190. Joan, 524. Dr.
Jonathan A., 317, 338, 375, 379, 622.
Julia (Fisk), 523. Julia (Herrick),
523. Julian, 524. Maria, 390. Mary,
524. Nathan D., 702. Newman, 433,
434. Robert, 523. Samuel, 30, 390.
Samuel, of Greenfield, Mass., 522.
Samuel A., 390. Sarah E. (Fessen-
den), 237, 523. Sarah Fessenden
(Wesselhoeft), 523. William F., 523.
Allentown, Pa., 566.
Almy : Blake & Co., 509. William, 509.
Alstead, N. H., 229, 623.
Alvord: Emily (Hayes), 589. John, 589.
O. A., house of, 876.
Ambrose: Lucretia (Walker), 733.
Stephen, 7.33.
American : Board of Foreign Missions, the,
247. Cookery in 1814, 320-322. House,
the, 37, 41, 111, 233, 292, 406, 555, 595.
Institute of Architecture, the, 727.
Yeoman, the, 379.
Amesbury, Mass., 191.
Ames Hill, 168, 327.
Amherst: General, 150. Mass., 153, 167,
190, 529, 620, 655, 709, 722, 732, 751.
961. Massachusetts Agricultural Col-
lege, 483, 918. College, 286, 398, 545,
655, 680, 722, 732, 738, 739, 753, 822,
830, 865, 893, 968, 976.
Amidon, P. E., 890.
Amory: H., 581. Louise A. (Gaudelet),
501. William, 501.
Amsden : Azubah, 357. Isaac, 51, 178.
Lewis M., 339. Proctor, 328. Sophia,
357. Thomas O., 328.
Ancient and Honorable Artillery, the, 274.
Ancon Hospital. Canal Zone, Panama, 219.
Anderson, Dr. George R., 809.
Andersonville, Ga., 768, 780.
Andover: Mass., 156, 239, 307, 482, 681,
822, 833, 966. North Andover, 392.
Theological Seminary. Cambridge,
Mass., 191, 239, 275, 34S, 457, 459.
519, 733, 735, 737, 919, 966.
Andrew, Governor, 510, 511.
Andrews: Bishop, 418. Rev. Emerson,
448-451. Herbert D., 878. Reverend,
349, 352.
Angell, Martha (Bartlett) (Mrs. Henry
B.), 578.
Annapolis, Md., 277, 280, 925.
Ann Arbor, Mich., 989.
Ansonia, Conn., 239, 316.
Anthon Grammar School, New York City,
the, 664.
Antislavery in 1837, 364.
Anti-War Society of 1812, the, 329.
Antrim, N. H., 191.
Apfelbaum: Augusta (Apfel), 576, 577.
Emil, 576, 848.
Appleton : Nathan Walker, 662. Dr. Na-
thaniel Walker, 662. Sarah Elizabeth
(Miles), 662. Sarah (Tilden), 662.
Applin, E. M., 882.
Appomattox, Va., 773.
App-Thomas, Sir Rice, 407.
Ardsley, England, 751.
Arey, Emma (Conant), 447.
Arlington: Mass., 246, 248. Vt., 142, 159,
897.
Arms: Alfred, 315. Daniel, 39, 60. Dian-
tha (Cobleigh), 316. Edwin H., 776.
Eliakim, 39, 60. George, 316. Gracia
(Liscom), 316. Hinsdale, 772. John,
108. John, 315. Major John. 35-39,
41, 42, 44, 48, 50, 52, 59, 60, 62, 63,
69, 70, 101, 162, 164, 170, 171, 209;
Commission of, 62; farm of, 309, 315.
Joseph, ISO. Josiah, 35, 52, 64,
110, 111, 126. 128, 161, 177, 178, 180,
182, 315; inn of, 126-128, 161, 167.
Lucinda (Dickerman), 209. Robert,
404. Capt. Robert B., 772, 775.
Sukey, 357. Susan, 315. Susan E.
(Wright) (Atwater), 316. Susanna
(Willard), 35, 39, 60, 64, 73, 209.
Tavern, 35, 37. 170, 171. Theda (But-
terfield), 772. Willard, 316. Dr.
Willard, 164, 202, 315, 316, 442. Wil-
liam. 39, 60, 315.
Armstrong: Edward Cooke, 795. Emerline
F. (Holbrook), 795. Capt. Hezekiah,
128. Percy, 795.
.\rnold : Sir Edwin, 551. Fanny G. (Chan-
ning), 551. Gamaliel, 409. Jonathan,
133. Preparatory School, New York
City, the, 664. Sarah (Hines), 409.
Thomas, 515, 516. Thomas, of Provi-
dence, R. L, 409.
Arthur, President, 952.
Art Students' League, the, New York, 970.
INDEX
1039
Ascutney Mountain, 20.
Ashby, Mass., 6.33.
Ashland, N, Y., 624.
Ashley, Samuel, 17.
Ashmont, Mass., 397.
Ashuelot, N. H., 21 ; Fort, 19; Guards, 3i9.
Associated Charities, the, 872, 913.
Atchinson, Joel, 52, 73, 162.
Athens : Ga., 292. Vt., 67, 179.
Atherton: Abigail, 357. Boaz M., 33S.
Captain, 325. E. H., 884. George
F. A., 338. G. G., 34'Z. Joseph, 5.
Athol, Mass., 312, 411, 413, 437, 438, 609,
672.
Atkinson : Dr. Frederick, 259. N. H., 247.
Theodore, 30, 31.
Atlanta University, Ga., 920, 921.
Atwater: Amanda S. (Burnham), 718.
Lewis B., 718. Rev. Mr., 316. Otis
E., 718. Susan E. (Arms) (Wright),
316.
Atwood: Rev. A. W., 418. Edwin, 850.
John W., 820. Marjory H. (Hubbard),
820. Silas, 328. Warner, 850.
Auburn, Mass., 229.
Auditorium, the, 644, 881.
Augusta, Me., 938.
Austin : Burton, 875. Catherine, 650. Kate
(Mrs. T. A.), 897. Martin, 885. O. E..
406, 490. Thomas A., 606, 878, 902.
Austine, Col. William, 648, 684, 767, 771,
808, 809, 818.
Averill : George C, 235, 367, 703, 809, 889.
Mrs. George C, 462. Margaret
(Adams), 703.
Avery: Elisha, 182. Samuel, 124. Wil-
liam, 180, 182. William Jr., 180.
Ayer, Mass., 957, 958.
Azores Islands, the, 724.
Babbitt: , Abbott, 968. Harold, 969.
Dr. James A., 969. Rev. James H..
470, 870, 873, 968. Theodore P., 969.
Winfred, 969.
Bacon: & Hooker, 815. John L., 986. Rev.
Dr. Leonard. 206, 735, 737. Robert C,
815. William F., 403.
Badby, England, 285.
Badger, Gideon, 180, 182.
Bafford, Robert. 17.
Bagg: Elizabeth, 418. F. A., 850.
Bahen, Frederick, 182.
Bailey: Dudley, 151. Rev. Ebenezer, 448.
Isaac D., 335, 336. Rev. J. W., 386.
O. F., 880. Samuel, 88, 340.
Bainbridge. Chenango County, N. Y., 55,
128, 145, 201.
Baker: Benjamin, 73, 83, 85, 88, 109, 162,
168, 177, 180, 182; house of, 167.
Chandler A., 777. Charles E., 777.
Cynthia (Lawrence), 553, 554. Fred-
erick, 180. Mabel (Moore), 418. Mr.,
168. P. M., 650. Thomas, 553. &
Walker, 439.
Balch : Emma (Dickinson), 370. Lieuten-
ant, 676. Rev. William A., 385.
Bald. Eddie, 885.
Baldwin; Addie C. (Van Doom), 487.
Daniel, 52. Edwin P., 765. Eri G.,
775. Frank L., 918. John, 52, 73,
161. Levi, 52, 101. Sarah E. (Bar-
rows), 918.
Bales, Martha (Emerson), 987.
Balestier: Agnes (Jones), 590. Anna
(Ireland), 590. Anna (Smith), 590,
901. Beatty S., 590, 707. Caroline Starr
(Kipling), 590, 980, 981. Caroline
Starr (Wolcott), 581, 589, 590.
Charles Wolcott, 590, 979-981. Elliot,
590. Fannie M., 590. Henry Wolcott,
590. John A., 590. Josephine (Dun-
ham), 590. Joseph Neree, 581, 589,
590, 746. 870, 979. 981. Mrs. Joseph
Neree, 581, 589, 590, 979, 981; resi-
dence of, 505. Marjorie (Randall),
590. Mary W. (Mendon), 590. Robert
S., 590.
Ball: Jacob, 53. Love Crowl (Ryan)
(Fisk), 557, 558. Moses, 182. Shad-
rach. 53, 132. Solomon. 132.
Ballard : Abigail, 357. Helen F. (Dwinell),
499. Henry, 339. James, 499. Mav-
erette S. (Goodell), 480.
Ballou: David, 3S5. Hosea F., 868. Rev.
Hosea. 385, 937. Rev. Moses, 383.
Rev. R. A., 658. Silas, 937. Rev.
William S., 3S7, 442.
Ballston : N. Y., 185, 833. Springs, N. Y.,
676.
Baltimore: Md., 249, 366, 617. 668, 798,
816, 819, 930, 955, 972, 976. Medical
College, 447, 694, 819.
Bancroft: Rev. Aaron, 310. Dyar, 202.
Sarah (Blake), 310. Sarah (Hayes),
202.
Bangalore, India, 682.
Bangkok, Siam, 923.
Bangor, Maine, 523, 527.
Bangs: Abigail (Thomas), 408. Nathaniel,
328.
Bank's Ford, 768, 779.
Banks : Mrs. Sylvia A., 454. Brattleboro
Savings Bank, 866. Brattleboro Trust
Company, the, 406, 506. Brattle-
1040
INDEX
borough Bank (Vermont National
Bank), 366, 367, 371. First National
Bank of Brattleboro, 652. Peoples Na-
tional Bank, the, 867. Vermont Na-
tional Bank, the, 367. Vermont Sav-
ings Bank, the, 525. Windham County
Provident Institution for Savings, the,
525.
Banyar: George, 60. Goldsbrow, 134.
Barbadoes, West Indies, 206.
Barber: A., 441. Annie C. (Hooper), 668.
Deacon Anson, 339, 354, 467, 468, 667.
Mrs. Anson, 462, 468. Beulah, 357.
Daniel M., 512. G. F., 885. Henry
Anson, 669. Lawrence K., 885. Louisa
(Potter), 668. Louisa A. (Doane),
668, 669. Luther H., 882. Nathaniel,
339. Sally, -357. Sarah, 342. Rev.
Theodore P., 402, 667. William E.,
606, 902. William Wyatt, 668,
Barclay: Collingwood, 647. Walter S.,
763, 775.
Bardo, Erastus, 404.
Bardwell: Ebenezer, 328. Luther, 328.
Moses, 182. William, 850.
Barker: A. A., 402. Eliza, 594. Elizabeth
Folger, 593. Josiah, 594. Judge Jo-
siah, 593. Martha, 581, 593, 594,
Nathaniel, 85. Sarah, 594.
Barlow, Roxana, 450.
Barnard: Benjamin L., 931. Emily E.
(Davenport), 931. Joseph, 39, 60.
Joseph, Jr., 39, 60. Laura A. (Good-
hue), 462, 491.
Barnes: Jimmie, 292-295. Olive, 293, 294.
Sukie, 292-295.
Barnet, Vt., 152, 305.
Barney: Aaron, 332, 333. James, 163.
J. F., 883.
Barr, Robert, 980.
Barre: Mass., 405. Vt., 924.
Barrett: Alfred, 209. Anna Adams, 411.
Charles B., 411, 555. Mrs. C. P., 874.
Cynthia, 450. Georgiana (Brooks),
411. Harriet (Lyman), 411. Henry,
168. Isaac, 180, 182. John, 846. John
S., 338. John W., 775. Kittle, 846.
& Leonard, Springfield, Mass., 411.
Lock-hart H., 388, 409, 411, 611, 612,
850. Mila Ann (Hines), 388, 409,
411. Ora, 411. Silas, 186. Stephen,
farm of, 433. Theda (Dickerman),
209. William, 30.
Barrett's ferry, 23, 186.
Barrows: Adaline J. (Putnam), 918. Ed-
ward B., 918. Emma, 918. Fletcher,
918. Fletcher K., 866, 878, 918. Har-
riet E. (Leining), 918. Harriet L.
(Co.x) (Barrows), 918. John D., 918.
Mabel F. (Peach), 918. Peleg, 874, 917.
& Pratt, 897. Sarah E. (Baldwin),
918. Stella E. (Marshall), 918. Sybil
Lavinia (Fletcher), 917.
Barry, George W., 776.
Barstow : E. H., 190. Rev. E. Hale, 230.
Eunice Goodenough (Clark), 230, 231.
Sally Clark, 231.
Bart, Elizabeth S., 450.
Bartleff, Thomas E., 778.
Bartlett : C. A., 776. D. Nat, Y. M. C. A.
worker, 418. Hon. Ichabod, 746. J. C,
881. Julia Hall (Cune), 489, 683.
Mrs. Lucina (Stedman), 624. O. W.,
882. Ruth, 357. Thomas B., 780.
Major William C, U. S. A., 489. Prof.
William H. C, of West Point, 489.
Bartley: Effie Mae (Howard), 747. Samuel
Boore, 747.
Barton : 850. Henry H., 334. Rev. Wil-
liam E., 967.
Bascom: Alice C. (Whitney), 212. George
B., of Ticonderoga, N. Y., 212.
Basel, University of, 564, 566.
Bassett, Joseph, 180.
Batavia: 111., 947. N. Y., 216, 277, 280.
Batchelder. E. W., 647.
Bates: Lydia (Grout), 920. Deacon
Phineas, 920.
Baton Rouge, La., 711.
Batten Kill, 159.
Bauer, Harold, 933.
Baum, Colonel, 159.
Bauman, Augusta M. (Miller), 416.
Bawry. Alfred, 646.
Baxter: Gen. H. H., 687, 793. Horace,
store of, 714. Sidney, 714.
Bayley, Dudley, 180.
Beals : Benjamin, 582. Jeremiah, 387, 582.
Bean : Adaline H., 450. Freeman H., 450.
Bebee, Timothy, 161.
Bedford, Mass., 671.
Beebe, Ark., 747.
Beecher: Henry Ward, 655, 721, 829; lec-
ture by, 398. 399. Katherine, 580.
Beers, Prof. Henry A., 966.
Behrens, Prof. S., 991.
Beirut, Syria, 822.
Belcher, J., 14.
Belchertown, Mass., 681.
Belden, William A. & Co., 814.
Belfast, Me., 526.
Belknap, Lieutenant Charles E., 924.
Bell: Eleanor, 706. Grace (Mansur), 706.
Bellows: Col. Benjamin, 139. Doctor, 951.
INDEX
1041
Rev. Henry, 589. Falls, Vt., 4, 6, 11,
13, 243, 303-306, 316, 420, 423, 499,
536, 546, 703, 713, 714, 812, 828, 906,
907, 987, 988.
Bement: D. B., 632. Milton, 850.
Bemis : Aaron, 969. Abner, 161. Betsey
(Lawrence), 555. David, 1006; family
of, 1006. Jane E. (Waterman), 969.
John, 43, 151, 161, 180, 182, 377. Julia
Dutton, 969. Lemuel G., 555. Leon-
ard C, 765. Mary, 404. Mary
(Wright), 709. Sally (Miller), 416.
& Willard, 442. Willis, 555.
Benedict: Elisha, 64. George, 615. Mar-
guerite S. (Whitney), 865.
Benjamin, Russell H., 764, 775, 779.
Bennett: Albert, 88; Captain Albert, 325;
Colonel, 326. Almira (Lee), 658. B.,
178. Bessie (Dearborn), 928. Dolly,
357. George, 327. Huldah, 357.
James Gordon, 376. James W., 765,
775. John, 180, 182. Joseph, 163.
Lucinda (Holbrook), 235, 357. Noah,
85, 163, 164, 177, 178, 180, 182. Rudol-
phus, 235, 339. Safford, 86. Samuel,
53, 151, 163. Stephen, 163, 180, 182.
Bennington, Vt., 128, 142, 143, 147, 153,
170, 209, 221, 225, 236, 246, 255, 262,
397, 408, 418, 439, 440, 556, 557, 627,
649, 811, 879, 882, 887, 933, 973;
North Bennington, 408.
Benson, Oscar F., 885; farm of, 110.
Benson farm, 38.
Benzing, Jacob, 881.
Berkeley, Calif., 593.
Berkshire : Gymnasium, the, 788. Medical
College, Pittsfield, Mass., 624, 817.
Berlin: Conn., 369, 370, 806. Germany,
570, 593, 991. Mass., 707. N. H.,
625.
Bermudas, the, 588, 657.
Bernard: Governor, 251. Rev. Walter,
648.
Bernardston, Mass., 171, 246, 409, 422,
423, 482, 545, 619, 661, 811.
Betterley. Thomas, farm of, 671.
Beverly. Mass., 421, 591.
Bevins, Rosa Howes (Gow), 958.
Bickford, Dana, 861.
Biddeford, Me., 932.
Bigelow : Brothers, Chicago, 202. Carolyn
(Clark), 203. Mrs. Cleveland (J. Con-
stantine Folsom), 745. David, 180.
Doctor, 501. Dr. George H., 732.
Hayes, 203. Margaret (Allardice),
203. Margetta (Wesselhoeft), 732.
Mary Ann (Hayes), 189, 202. Mary
Hayes, 975. Polly, 284. R. H., 189.
Richardson, 207. Russell, 202. Rus-
sell A., 975. Sally, 284. Sarah (Hall),
207. Sarah (Holbrook), 207. W. H..
189. & White, Sioux City, 202. Wil-
liam, 88, 188, 189. William H., 203,
975, 992. William Howard, 202.
Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, England, 91.
Billerica, Mass., 936.
Billings: Mrs. Almena (Dresel), 278. Cor-
nelius C, U. S. N., 277, 278. Captain
Cornelius C, 277. Elizabeth (Tyler),
277, 334. Richard, 328.
Billins : Barnabas, of Northampton, 202.
Martha, 202. Martha (Hayes), 202.
Bills, George, 328, 450.
Biltmore, N. C, 727.
Bingham: Albert H., 776. Allen Irwin,
701. Deacon Asahel, 825. Benjamin
F., 828. Benjamin Franklin, 403, 825-
828, 874, 977, 987. Charles F., 828,
878, 885. Dora A. (Allen), 828, Edna
S. (Crosby), 701, 828. Elihu, 824. Eu-
genia M. (Pettee), 447, 828. Frances
Elizabeth (Pease), (Mrs. B. F.), 825,
828, 872. Frederic, 828." Harry A.,
701, 828. Deacon Jeremiah, 825. Joel
S., 825. Louise (Putnam), 828. Mary
C, 701. Mary (Tenney), 409.
Binghamton. X. Y.. 215, 733, 739.
Binney: Colonel Amos, 273. Anios, Jr.,
273.
Birchard : Austin, 248. 482, 938. A. & R.,
248. Drusilla (Austin), 203. Roger,
203, 229, 248. Roxanna (Plummer),
482. Sardis, 203. & Sawyer, 938.
Sophia (Hayes), 203, 204.
Birdseye : Rev. Nathan. 288. Sarah (Wil-
liston), 2SS.
Birge: Brackett S: Co., 442. & Dickinson,
440, 443, 490, 504. Hannah, 504. John,
338, 411, 504.
Birmingham, England, 93. 486.
Bishop: Cordelia C. (Allen), 523. G. L,
889. Minna (Retting), 704. Sergeant
Sylvester. 128. Walter S., 704.
Bishop's College, Lennoxville, P. Q., 925.
Bissell: Bishop, 924. Daniel, 624.
Bixby, Amasa, 168.
Black: Asa. 248. J. M., 654.
Blackall. Dr. C. R., 576, 622.
Blackmer. Green. 327.
Black River Academy, Ludlow, Vt., 689,
Blackwell's Island, 917.
Blaine, Mr., 694.
Blair, John, 180.
Blake: Abigail (Jones), 207, 208, 309, 508.
1042
INDEX
Anna Hull (Blake), 511, 512. Anna
Sophia (Cabot), 208, 508. Block, 619,
660, 852. Brothers & Co., 310, 510,
608. C. E., 660. Charlotte Smith
(Chapin), 208. & Company, 309, 442.
Deborah (Smith), 207. Elizabeth S.
(Gray), 311. Ellen C. (Fessenden),
238. Family, 391. Frances Williams
(Clarke), 208. George Baty, 208, 319,
352, 508-512, 604, 791. George Baty
and Anna Hull, children of, 1026.
George B., & Co., 509. Gertrude B.
(Truax), 208. Harriet Barker (Hough-
ton), 208. Rev. H. B., 681. Helen E.
(Ellis), 291, 310. Henry C, 339.
Henry Cabot, 311. Col. Henry Jones,
208, 326, 339. Henry S., 311. Hol-
brook & Co., 185. John, 491, 776.
John E., 403. Dr. John Ellis, 310,
311. John R., 208, 291, 293, 299, 304,
309, 338, 367, 402, 433, 597, 627, 776,
886; John R. & Co., 309, 440, 554,
683; inn of, 366. Mrs. John R., 620.
John Rice. 183, 185, 208, 309, 508, 510.
John Welland, 83, 85, 111, 136, 170,
171, 180, 185, 186, 188, 207, 216, 236,
280, 281, 299, 307, 309, 318, 326, 332,
508, 511, 906. Joseph, 207. Joshua,
511. J. S., 238. Louisa D., 311. Lucy
D., 310. Lucy (Goodhue), 308-310.
Mary Welland (Hill), 208. Sarah, 311.
Sarah (Bancroft), 310. Ward & Co..
510. William, 207. William Caldwell,
208.
Blakeley, Daniel, 180.
Blakeslee: Deborah (Reeve), 79. Miss
Eliza, 79. James, 116, 120, 162, 177.
Captain James, 67, 79, 81, 86, 115, 151,
167. 180, 182, 200. Nathaniel, 79, 86,
88, 162, 167, 177, 180, 182. Phoebe
(Reeve), 79, 81. Rhoda (Reeve), 79.
Widow, 162.
Blaksly, David, 182.
Blanchard : Miss Anna, 828. Clarissa
(Starr), 945. Thomas, 30. Captain
Thomas, 304, 305. Thomas, Jr., 30.
Blasdale, William, 180.
Blatchford, Judge, 675.
Bliss: & Allen, 523. Alvira (Fitch), 316.
A. M., 339. Captain Daniel, 324.
Elmer, 629. E. M., 848. Farm, 111,
505, 578. 754, 755; J. W., 177. Lucy,
357. Captain Nathaniel, 111, 316, 324,
332, 377. 567, 597, 1011; the Bliss
family, 391, 1011.
Block House, the, 7, 10, 14.
Blodgett: Alonzo, 340. Corinne (Stell-
man), 219. Mary, 51. Samuel. 51.
Sylvanus, 51.
Blood, Dorr, 765.
Bloomingdale, N. Y.. 426, 931.
Blooming Grove, N. Y., 70, 74, 79.
Bloomsgrove, Worcestershire, England, 81.
Boardman : A. B., 658. Ann Ambrose
(Walker). 733, 734. Rev. George N..
733. Deacon Joseph, 276. Deacon
Samuel, 733. Sarah Ann (Tyler),
276.
Board of Trade, the, 889.
Bolster, Joel, 151.
Bolton: Jane (McClellan), 220. John, of
Westminster, 103. Mass., 190, 197,
503.
Bond : Alonzo, 586. Major George H.,
772 ; Colonel George H., 850, 878, 879.
Henry, 453. Henry E.. 354, 850. Mrs.
H. E.. 462. Lavinia (Hubbard), 820.
Thomas, 180. William H., 820.
Bonner, Maud (Cabot), 551.
Bonett, Bonnett, Joseph, 152.
Booth : Chauncey, M.D., 435. Kirk, 245.
Bootle, Thomas, 182.
Boott: Frances B. (Greenough), 581.
Francis, 581. Mrs. 322, 382.
Borden : George L., 239. Borden, Mary C.
(Fessenden). 239.
Boscobel, the home of Madame Higginson,
550.
Boston: Mass., 5, 7, 17. 21, 27, 40-42, 81,
95, 109, 131, 135. 150, 153, 184, 185,
188, 192, 197, 199, 209, 212, 221, 229,
234-236, 238, 243-245, 251-256, 260-
262, 267, 273, 274, 278, 285. 289, 300,
306, 310, 311, 315. 317, 352, 370, 381,
389, 395, 402, 403, 408-413, 419, 425,
436, 438, 445, 447, 463, 475, 479. 486.
492, 494, 496, 497, 501-504, 506, 508-
512, 514, 523, 524. 531. 540, 548, 549,
551, 552, 566, 567, 574, 575, 578,
581, 583, 587-589, 597, 605, 608,
609, 611-616. 626-628, 638, 641, 649,
654, 658. 661. 662, 664, 671, 676, 685.
689. 697, 709, 711, 713, 722-724. 730-
734. 741, 743, 747, 748, 753, 754, 756,
783, 788, 793, 795, 809, 812, 830, 833,
850, 858, 860, 863, 868, 873, 881. 886,
909, 915, 918, 919, 921, 926, 928-935,
942, 944, 945, 947, 950, 958, 967, 972,
974, 977, 978, 979, 987, 991. Univer-
sity, 418. University Law School, 192.
University School of Theology, 418.
& Maine Railroad, bridge of, 23.
Bowditch, Ernest W., 434.
INDEX
1043
Bowen: Dr. Edwin S., 890, 912. Romeo, I
338. 1
Bowker: Eva (Davenport), 932. L. Fay, j
765.
Bowler, James, 850. !
Bowles: Charles, 636. Dr. S. W., 624. j
Bowls, William, 30. I
Boyden : Alice Maude, 406, 969. Alice M. I
(Chase), 406. Asa, 406. Betsey, 406.
Charles, 41.3. Charles Asa, 406, 969. ]
Ethel L, (Waterman), 406, 969. i
George A., 168, 405, 406, 607, 903. !
George Albert, 406, 969. James Water-
man, 406, 969. Joseph, 332. Major
Josiah, 127. Julia (Newman) (Ryder),
413. Mary S. (Maher), 413. Walter
L., 413.
Boyle, Reverend, 352.
Boynton : A. F., shop of, 845. Rev. Isaiah,
385.
Brace, William, 73.
Brackett: Bertha M. (Hines), 410, 986.
Dana F., 985. Frank S., 489, 490.
Horace D., 471, 595. Lucie I. [
(Cowles), 986. Lucy A. (Taylor),
985. Roger Arnold, 410, 986. Wilford
H., 410, 867, 885, 985, 986.
Bradford: Academy, Mass., 231. Conn.,
154, 156. Joseph, 109. Mass., 156,
494. Vt., 623.
Bradish, Ebenezer, 30.
Bradley: Alice Pritchard, 732. Amy Owen.
731. Amy Owen (Aldis), 713, 731.
Arthur C. 539, 732. Augusta (Chap- '
man), 732. Augusta (Tremaine), 732.
Edgar, 404. Edith Richards, 731.
Elinore Pritchard. 732. Emily (Wes-
selhoeft), 524, 732. Family, the, 391,
392. Farm, the, 44. "Bradley Flag,
the," 528. Frances (Kales), 732.
Helen Aldis, 731. House, the, 597,
744. Isabel (Galloway), 732. J. Dorr, |
732. Hon. Jonathan Dorr, 286, 289,
389, 390, 402, 427, 441, 444. 532. 535-
537, 539, 609, 611, 613, 620, 689, 711,
729, 838, 906, 962. Lucius, 718. Lucy
E. (Nettleton), 732. Mary Rowe, 527. i
Mary Townsend, 731. May, 732. j
Moses, 527. Richards, 392, 404, 428, '
• 539, 604, 711, 720, 730, 871, 873, 884,
886, 904, 906. Richards M., 713, 731,
838. Robert. 765, 775. Ruth, 731. [
Samuel, Jr., 776. Sarah (Richards),
531. Sarah A. (Perkins), 718. Sarah \
A. W. (Merry), 730. Sarah M. ]
(Tyson), 732. Sarah Merry, 731.
Stephen, of New Haven, 527. Gen. '
Stephen Rowe, LL.D., 121, 126, 127,
129, 317, .527, 528; brigade of, 52.
Stephen Rowe, 732, Stephen Rowe,
II, 539, 732, 750, 838, 906. & Storer,
731. Susan (Grossman), 536, 539.
Susan (Grinnell), 732. & Tyson, 732.
Walter, 731. Walter W., 732. Wil-
liam C, 732. William C, II, 539, 542,
729, 730, 897, 901, 906, 907. Hon.
William Czar, 189, 528-532, 709, 711,
714, 720, 771, 838; selected poems of,
532-536.
Bradleys, the, 752.
Bradshaw : , 595. Mrs., 596.
Bradstreet: Lieutenant Dudley, 16. Rev.
Dudley, of Groton, 16.
Bragg, William, 451.
Braintree, Mass., 254, 582.
Brail, William, 71.
Brandon, Vt., 624, 761, 887.
Branford, Conn., 200.
Brasor: Egbert, 672. F. H., 882. Fred,
880. Harriet (Pratt), 672, 840. Helen
F. (Crosby), 701. John, 701, 895.
Margaret (Holland), 672. Winston
C, 701.
Brattle: Katherine (Saltonstall), 27.
Thomas, 27. William, of Cambridge,
7, 27, 30. William, Jr., 27.
Brattleboro : Clubs and Associations, 884-
890. Daily Reformer, The, 421. Fur-
niture Company, the, 679, 865. Home
for the Aged and Disabled, the, 247,
412, 873. House, the. 183. 186, 211.
Industries, 860-866. Knitting Machine
Company, the, 679. Library Associa-
tion, the, 895. 896. Melodeon Com-
pany, the, 629. Postage Stamp, the,
606. Publishing Company, the, 421.
Retreat, the, 34, 37, 53, 77, 81, 424-
436, 904 ; bequest, 424 ; estate, 5 ;
farm. 111 ; farmhouse, 32, 35. Water
Company, the, 371. Brattleboro's
Representatives and Years of their
Election, 1021.
Brattleborough: Academy, 188-190, 199,
202, 280, 297, 647, 658-660, 665, 681,
683, 707, 819, 919, 934, 942, 975;
Academy Hall, 90. Artillery, the, 65.
Book Store, the. 442. Emigrant Aid
Society, the, 380, 381. House, the,
372, 555. Light Infantry, the, 65, 236,
325. Messenger. The, 364, 379, 419,
547. Typographic Company, the, 238,
313, 314, 372, 408, 441. 496, 542, 545.
Brazos, Texas, 783.
Bremen, Germany, 566, 862.
1044
INDEX
Brevoort House, the, 677.
Brewer: Colonel Jonathan, 153. Moses, 17.
Brewster: Amos A., 306. Caroline (Wil-
liston), 28S. Rev. William, 417.
Bridge: Elizabeth B. (Chapin), 501. Mr.,
598. Nathan, 501.
Bridgeman, Ruth (Eaton), 950.
Bridgeport, Conn., 938, 958.
Bridges, F. W., 882.
Bridge & Weeks, 439.
Bridgewater, Mass., 192, 193.
Bridgman : Fort, 15, 150, 325. Esquire
John, 110, 126. Orlando, 15.
Briggs: Charles R., 764, 773, 775, 849.
Elisha, 178, 180, 338. Elizabeth, 404,
451. George A., 818. Gideon, 163,
180, 182. Dean La Baron R., 627.
Levi, 180. Lucretia, 450. Lucy, 357.
Mary Holland (Gale), 818. Samuel,
180, 182. Solomon, 180, 182. War-
ren, 450. William, 340.
Brigham, C. L., 880.
Bright: Daisy (Shepard), 543, Osborne
W., 543.
Brineck, Charles, 778.
Brink, Ale.xander, 64.
Brinsmade, Mr., of Troy, 411.
Briscoe, Thomas C, 190.
Bristol: Conn., 624, 860. England, 93, 94,
208. R. I., 156, 485.
Britton: Asa, 541. George P., 767, 776.
Sarah (Keyes), 526.
Brockton. Mass., 469, 743.
Brockville, Canada, 369.
Brockway, John R., 776.
Brodish, Isaac, 30.
Bromley, Miss Helen M., 666.
Brookhaven, N. Y., 78, 79.
Brookline: Mass., 509, 511, 550, 551, 620,
871, 945. Vt, 67, 151, 220.
Brooklyn: Conn., .368. N. Y., 237, 439,
492, 499, 500, 509, 682. 688, 717, 718,
746-751, 842, 889, 947, 967, 978.
Brooklyn and New York Polytechnic
Institute, 259.
Brooks: Abiah (Harris), 190. Alice Men-
don, 927. Alice M. (Kiinkel), 548.
Anna L. (Harris), 708. Charles D.,
708. Captain Charles Stewart, 547.
Clarence, 548. Edwin F., 694, 869,
883. Eleanor (Forman), 547, 684.
Eleanor Forman (Piatt), 547. Ellen
Malvina, 548, 620, 900. Emerson, 548.
Emma G. (Thorn), 694. Farm, 11,
22, 186. Francis W., 498, 547, 548,
648, 741, 863, 865, 899, 926, 927, 975.
George J., 498, 547, 548, 684, 741, 863,
870, 871, 896, 897; & Company, 547,
741, 898, 926. Georgiana (Barrett),
411. Harriet B. S. (Whiting), 547.
H. F., 411. Horace, 498, 547, 898.
House, the. 111, 186, 318, 445, 555,
601, 628, 684, 692, 809, 835, 840, 869,
895, 900, 916, 951. Isabel (Hurlburt),
548. Rev. John, 385. Julia S. (Whit-
ney), 865, 872. Katherine L. (Hunt-
ington), 548. Katherine R. (Marshall)
(Ullery), 592, 927, 975. Library, the,
37, 44, 100, 111, 599, 724, 730, 781,
797, 809, 870, 895-897. Lucy Quincy
Tarbell (Cabot), 548, 620, 621, 741,
742. Mabel (Hoy), 927. Mary (Emer-
son), 547, 548. Mary E. (Goodhue),
489, 548, 684. Mary E. (von Funcke),
547, 548. Matilda (Ryan) (Dudley),
927. Matilda C. (Smith), (Mrs. F.
W.), 926, 954. Samuel R., 547.
Simon, 8, 865, 876; farm of, 186.
Taylor, 163. Thomas D., of Athol,
411. William F., 324, 325, 498, 547.
William Leonard, 548. Captain Wil-
liam Smith, 324, 489, 546, 684, 741,
897.
Broome, P. Q., 678, 680.
Broome County, N. Y., 739.
Broomsgrove, England, 91, 93, 99.
Brosnahan : D. N., 874. D. W., 847.
Brown: Rev. Addison, 229, 363, 381, 390,
391, 393, 394-398, 402, 420, 427, 442,
573, 620, 660, 661, 826, 854, 868.
Addison, Jr., 397, 402; Lieutenant-
Colonel, 769, 774, 779, 781, 783. Ade-
line Shannon (Peirce), 925. Alexan-
der, 340. Alice J. (Smith), 221.
Commander Allan D., 541, 840, 870,
922-926, 940. Andrew M., A.B.. 190.
Mrs. Ann E. (Wetherbee), 395-39S.
Ann Elizabeth (Schuster), 397, 573.
Charles W., 765, 775. Charles
Wetherbee, 397. Chester L., 454, 485,
703. Chloe, 451. Cyril F., 485. David
P., M.D., 435. Diana (Osborne)
(Tyler), 280, 922. Elizabeth (Starr),
397. Ethel R. (Sutherland), 541, 925.
Florence (Tyler), 940. Florence A.
Stoddard), 947. Florida (Starr), 397.
Frances Allen, 397, 403. Fred C, 221.
Frederick A., 593. George W., 328.
Gertrude (Tyler), 541, 925. Harriet
(Van Doom), 487. Helen Percival
(Nelson), 925. Helen Tyler, 541, 925.
Henry K., 718, 721. Henry R., 866.
John S., 402, 487. Rev. Joseph, 307.
Mrs. Joseph, 308. Joseph H., 683.
INDEX
1045
Hon. Joshua Lawrence, 280, 922,
940. Josiah, 332. Lillie E. (Vin-
ton), 692. Maria L. (Hines), 409.
Marie V. D. (Charlier) (Howe), 593.
Miss Mary, 838. Mary (Farr) (Dun-
ton), 397, 404, 787. Mary (Walker),
693. Maud A., 221. Nellie M. (Farns-
worth), 485. Polly (Goodhue), 307,
309. Raymond C; 221. Samuel, 52.
Samuel W., 693. Sarah M. (Van
Doom), 487. William A., 808. Wil-
liam Peirce, 925. University, Provi-
dence, R. I., 285, 946, 958, 970.
Browne: Mary F. (Stedman), 624. Wil-
liam, 576, 577.
Brownell: Alice May (Pratt), 673. Charles,
673. Mary E. (Woodcock), 673.
Brown's Woods ("Crowell's Park"), 551,
660.
Bruce: Rev. Charles E„ 190. Charlotte
M. (Wyman), 702, 874. Eleanor, 702.
John, 328. Dr. Martin L., 912. Pre-
served, 702.
Brush; Crean, 103, 107, 130, 131, 137;
estate of, 134. Solomon, 180.
Brussels, 928.
Bryant: Hattie L. (Rice), 414. Lydia T.
(Goodhue). 492. W. C, 334. Mrs.
William C. (Newman), 414. William
CuUen, 721.
Bryantsville, Ky., 500.
Bryn Mawr College, 739.
Buchanan, President James, 799.
Buckingham: Angeline B. (Hyde), 504.
Eleanor, 504. Joseph T., 263. Lucius
Henry, 504. Mary, 504.
Buckley, Addison, 778.
Buckner. General Simon B., 574, 587.
Budd: Harriet L. (Cutts), 747. Major
Kenneth P., 747. UnderhiU A., 747.
Buddington, B. M., 845.
Buffalo, N. Y., 392, 697, 798, 817.
Bugbee : Rev. Aurin, 385. Danford A.,
764. Edwin W., 765. George, 603,
706. George A., 406. Mary E.
(Tripp), 706.
Bull: Albert H., 490. Sarah F. (Goodhue)
(Chapin), 432, 489, 490.
BuUard : A. R., M.D., 747. Elizabeth Bart-
lett (Bullard), 747. Joel, 629, 643.
Bullock: Charlotte (Esterbrook), 474.
Governor, of Massachusetts, 887. Har-
riet L., 450. Helen C. (Clark), 474,
695. Samuel, 327, 328, 450. William,
182, 474, 695.
Bump: Isaac, 164. Reuben, 53, 164.
Bump's, Mr., 102.
Bumpus: Isaac, 180, 182. Josiah, 73. Reu-
ben, 182.
Bunker Hill, Mass., 253.
Burbanks, Elias, 182.
Burchard: Rev. Horace, 452, 453. Mrs.
K. M. (Mrs. Horace), 871, 872.
Burdett : & Carpenter, 633, 865. Company,
627. & Green (H. P.), 628. Lewis
M., 584, 630. LiUa (Metcalf), 630.
Organ Company, 639. & Miller Glee
Club, 573. R. & Company, 629. Riley,
328, 354, 362, 586, 604, 626-629, 633,
675. Sophia H. (Wilder), (Mrs.
Riley), 620, 628.
Burdett-Estey Organ Case, the, 675.
Burge: Rev. Caleb, 86, 87, 89, 175, 176, 191,
337; published works of, 89. Jerusha
(Hall), 89. Ro.xana (Chapin), 89.
Burgess: Anna (Starr), 945. Professor
John W., 753. Lucretia S., 89. Na-
thaniel, 89. Ruth Payne (Jewett),
753.
Burgoyne, General, 68, 159. 198.
Burk, Captain Samuel, regiment of, 127.
Burke: Anna M. (Eddy), 946. Sergeant
John, of HatHeld, 10.
Burlingame, "Vet," 851.
Burlington. Vt, 372, 274, 391, 435, 615,
646, 649, 753, 761, 763, 764, 766, 772,
790, 793, 809, 853, 879, 913, 921, 925,
966.
Burnap: Asa W., 85. John W., 692, 849,
851. Mr., 53.
Burnett: F. L., 880. George H., 750.
Harry, 750. & Higgins Band, the, 584.
Ira F., 881, 889. Joseph, 750. Leila
(Delano), 750. Margaret (Hall), 750.
Mr., proprietor of Phoenix House, 405.
Robert Minton, 750. Stephen, 327,
328.
Burnham: Amanda, 715. Amanda S. (At-
water), 718. Amelia, 715. Caroline
S. (Perkins), 586, 630, 716-718.
Classical School, the, Northampton,
Mass., 680. Delia A. (Damon), 716.
Edward B„ 715, 717-719. Emerson,
333. Emma, 717. Harry Perkins, 717.
Henry, 272, 402, 471, 715, 717, 719.
Mrs. Henry, 462, 880. Jefferson, 450.
John, 180, 182, 325, 338, 597, 715.
John, Jr., 340, 402, 715, 716, 718.
Julia, 716. Lem, ISO. Margaret M.,
718. Mary Cornelia (Page), 717.
Mary Hammond (Moore), 717. Na-
thaniel, ISO, 182. Rachel (Rossiter),
715. & Sons, 716. Thomas, 715.
Warnham, 340. William H., 716.
1046
INDEX
Burnside, General Ambrose E., 662.
Burnsides, General, Governor of Rhode Is-
land, 887.
Burr: Aaron, 79. & Burton Seminary,
Manchester, 739. Seminary, 919.
Thaddeus, 140.
Burritt, Elihu, 677.
Burrows: Colonel F. J., 676. Jarvis F.,
652, 653, 698. J. P., 652.
Burt: George E., 777. Henry M., 832.
Joseph, 71, 73, 114, 162, 180, 182.
Luther, 162. Rodney, 332.
Burton: Edward O., 657, 992. Mary L.
(Lavin) (Howe), 657, 840, 991, 992.
Mrs. W. A., 487.
Burwell, D. M., 442.
Burying Ground, the, 187.
Bush, Rev. Solon W., 391, 392.
Bushee, Jennie E., 636.
Bushnell, Edward, 853, 858, 859.
Butler: General B. F., 762, 769, 770, 799,
802-804, 817. Charles P., 777. Gov-
ernor, 710. Captain Jabez, 229. John
E., 790, 962. Nat, 885. Sophronia J.
(Frost), 476. Valentine, 17. &
Wheeler, 969. William P., 777.
Butte, Mont., 978.
Butterfield: Amy I. (Dunklee), 990. Cap-
tain Benjamin, 43, 44, 52, 64, 69-71,
73, 76, 101-103, 105, 107, 116, 120, 124,
128, 161, 177, 180, 182, 989. Benja-
min, Jr., 43, 44, 52, 64, 73, 105, 110,
116, 152, 163. George H., 328.
George P., 765, 775. Hannah (Salis-
bury), 246. Helen (Williams), 990.
Jesse, 163, 180, 182. Joel P., 765, 775.
Luke, 163. Major-General, 781. Ora
E., 989, 990. Oscar H., 850, 989.
Rosalia (Elmer), 989. Samuel, 136.
Theda (Arms), 772. William, 159.
William H., 777.
Butterworth: Lizzie (Schuster), 397. Hon.
Thomas, 397.
C , Elias, 182.
Cabot: Abigail (Marston), 740. Amy N.,
552. Anna L. (Coolidge), 743. Anna
S. (Blake), 208, 508. Anna Sophia,
208. Dorothy, 743. Eleanor F., 743.
Elizabeth, 208. Elizabeth L. (Par-
ker), 743. Francis, 551. Francis, Jr.,
551. Frederick Pickering, 552. George,
208. George, 740. Hon. George, 508.
George B., 551. Grace (Holbrook),
742, 979. Henry, 208, 508. Katherine
•L., 743. Louisa (Higginson), 551.
Louisa Higginson (Richardson), 552.
Lucy Quincy Tarbell (Brooks) (Mrs.
N. F.), 548, 620, 621, 741, 742, 978.
Margaret C. (Lee), 551. Marion
(Putnam), 551. Mary (Rogers), 740.
Mary Minot, 743. Mary Rogers, 742,
873. Marston, 740. Maud (Bonner),
551. Maud, 551. Norman F., 548,
600, 601, 740-742, 824, 898, 899, 926,
978. Norman, 743. Quincy S., 551.
Susan (Lyman), 552. TuUis & Com-
pany, 741, 926. William Brooks, 742,
743, 978; publications of, 743.
Cady, Sarah (Childs), 933.
Calcutta, India, 590.
Calder: Dr. Daniel H„ 436, 499. Elizabeth
Van N. (Leavitt), 499.
Caldwell: John K., 339. Sarah E. (New-
man), 412.
Calhoun, John C, sons of, 573.
Callahan, Ruth (Frost), 480.
Cambridge : England, University of, 749.
Md., 668. Mass., 7, 27, 64, 153, 197,
251, 252, 423, 503, 513, 515, 546-548,
575, 580, 591, 612, 704, 743, 897, 956,
958, 964, 967; East, 459, 547; West,
547. Divinity School, 391, 393. Theo-
logical School, 394. N. Y., 638, 819.
Vt., 153.
Cambridgeport, Mass., 566, 588.
Campbell : Alexander, 249, Dr. Daniel,
907. E. B., 874. Edward R., 304.
Helen (Noyes), 249. Henry, 608, 636.
Henry C, 764. John, 652.
Campton, John, 53, 73, 162.
Cannon, Henry, 500.
Canton, N. Y., 658.
Capen: Alexander, 328, 340. Alma, 618.
Arietta E. (Rogers), 618. Bernard,
617. James H., 334, 434, 615, 617,
853, 856. James H., Jr., 615-617.
Louise, 618. Maria E. (Livermore),
617. Marie D. (Pellerin), 617. Moritz,
618. Moritz P., 618. Rhoda (Piatt),
617. Roger I., 618. Sarah (Sawyer)
(Pellerin), 618. Welcome I., 615, 617,
618.
Capron : & Alexander, 303. Alexander &
Company, 305.
Carew, Wales, 407.
Carey: Elizabeth (Webster), 965. Harriet
A. (Webster), 965. Webster, 965.
W. H., Jr., 965.
Carley: Doctor, 622. Pearl (Hunt), 727.
Carlisle : Henry D., 895. William & H. W.
Eddy, 895.
Carlsbad, 737.
Carmody, Rev. Michel J., 651.
INDEX
.1047
Carpenter: Alice P., 905. Benjamin, 63.
Blanche (Pollak-Ottendorf), 866.
Clarence E., 620. Oarissa I. (How-
ard) (Nichols), 379, 380, 381. Crom-
well, 328. David, 176. Dwight N.,
620. E. B., G27, 865, 866 ; & Company,
627. Mrs. E. B., 866. Edward J.,
334, 335, 619, 620, 852, 869, 895. Ed-
ward W., 620. E. P., 865, 866, 905;
E. P. Organ Company, 865, 866. Mrs.
E. P., 866, 871, 90.5. Esther M. (Hast-
ings), 620. Dr. E. W., 619. Family,
the, 1009. Fred A., 776. James, 152.
John, 163, 180. John, Jr., 152.
Malcolm A., 620. Rev. Mark, 451,
452, 892. Mary J. (Fisk), 619. Mary
(Mowry), 620. Maud (Carpenter),
620. Mildred Porter, 866. Organ
Company, the, 679. Palmer, 328.
Polly (Knight), 136. Ruth Welch, 866.
Samuel, 180. Valonia (Slate), 619.
W. E., 866. Mrs., 3S2.
Carpenter's, Oliver, 43, 168.
Carr, Chase & Raymond, 814.
Carroll, Daniel, 133.
Carrollton, La., 802.
Carter: Albert A., 776. Benjamin, 180.
Colonel Edward C., 813. Captain Ed-
ward W., 768, 775, 869. Jennie B.
(Powers), 869. Wright C, 776.
Carver, Cape Cod, 917.
Cary : Elizabeth Cabot (Agassiz), 524.
Thomas Graves, 524 ; publications of,
524. Mrs. Thomas Graves, 524.
Case: Reverend, 471. Edward, 499. Lucia
H. (Dwinell), 499.
Cass, General, 580.
Cassey, Daniel, 776.
Casterson, Ebenezer, 91.
Castle: Joseph, 180. Peter, 180. Garden,
592.
Castleton, Vt. : Medical College, 89. Medi-
cal School, 317. Seminary, 660.
Catling, Seth, 39, 60.
CatskiU, N. Y., 965.
Cavanaugh, John, 614.
Cavendish, Vt., 211, 761.
Cedar Swamp, Oyster Bay, L. L, 145.
Cemetery Hill, 32, 37, 111, 185.
Census, the First of Brattleborough, 52, 53.
Centerville, 37, 38, 41, 48, 110, 398, 569,
626, 692, 697, 699, 861.
Central House, the, 607.
Cerro Gordo, Mex., 798, 808.
Chalmers: Anna M. (Holbrook), 810.
Margaret, 810. Dr. Thomas, 810.
Chamberlain: Abigail (Wilson) (Plum-
mer), 513, 516. Bela N., 455, 852.
Benjamin. 152. C. H., 776. Gorham
& Perkins, 513. H. K., 876. Mrs.
H. K., 876. Jennie C. (Naylor-Le-
land), 513. J. L., 829. Joseph, 73,
163, 180, 182, 513. Hon. Mellen, 402,
403, 597, 734. Patty, 152. Selah, 512,
513, 516. Selah, Jr., 512, 513. Strong
& Company, 512. Thomas, 182. Wil-
liam, 184. William B., 513.
Chamberlin, D. J., 777.
Chandler: Abigail (Smith), 200. Rev.
Augustus, 832, 833, 854, 857. Profes-
sor C. H., 190, 660. & Davenport, 705.
David. 248. Gardner, 111, 162, 180,
182, 186; shop of, 169. Henry, 162,
180, 182. I. G., 369, 697, 698, 705.
& Inman, 833. Rev. John, 833. John
L., 833. Rev. Joseph, 176, 699, 833.
Lucy I. (Lord), 833. Mary (Topliif),
833. Mary A. (Noyes), 248. Captain
Nathaniel, 127, 162, 180, 182, 324, 338.
Peyton R., 926. Admiral Ralph, 277.
Samuel, 180. Thomas, 62, 6:3.
Chaney: George, 403. Mary, 404.
Channing: Blanche H. E., 551. Fanny G.
(Arnold), 551. Sir Francis, 551. Ma-
dame, 620. Mary Elizabeth (Higgin-
son), 549. Susan (Higginson), 549.
Rev. William Ellery, 753. Rev. Wil-
liam Henry, 399, 551.
Chapin: Abigail, 284. Abigail (Harris),
285. Dr. Charles A., 89, 229, 285, 289,
317, 329, 367, 372, 376, 378, 389, 390,
433, 440, 501, 502, 506, 588, 603, 611,
620, 849, 886. Charles Howard, 503.
Charles Jones, 503. Charles W., 502.
Charlotte S. (Blake), 208. Chester
W., 438, 440, 640. Cyrus, 285. Daniel,
284. Dexter, of New York, 208. Ed-
ward R., M.D., 431, 432, 435, 490.
Elizabeth Alice (Clark), 229, 502.
Elizabeth B. (Bridge), 501. Family,
the, 391. Gertrude (Griffiths), 502.
Henry A., 335, 916. Jennie (Skinner),
503. Julia J. (Holman), 285. Louise
M. (Lynch), 502. Lucinda Orne
(Wheelright), 502. Lucy Day (Whit-
ney), 865. Maria F. (Rockwell), 429.
Marguerite L, 503. Mary, 357, 378.
404. Mrs. Mary, house of, 597. Mary
(Jones), 284, 318. Mary C. (Ains-
worth), 285. Mary Warder, 503.
Mary Wells (Warder), 502. Hon.
Oliver, 152, 154, 186, 284, 318, 501.
Oliver Howard, 403, 502. Orne Wheel-
right, 503. Roxana (Burge), 89.
1048
INDEX
Deacon Samuel, 284. Sarah F.
(Goodhue) (Bull), 432, 468; bequests
of, 490; fund of, 462. Sophia Dwight
(Orne), 390, 501. William Orne, 502,
503, 684.
Chapin's : Island, 284, 294. Muster, 329.
Chapinville, 431.
Chapman: Augusta (Bradley), 732. Carrie
(Updike), 211. Charles, of Wood-
stock, 211. Emily H. (Whitney), 211.
Frank H., 211. George Lewis, 732.
Henry B., 211. Lucy (Wilder), 211.
Mary (Fisk), 211. Mr., of Greenfield,
612.
Chappell: John, 180. Miss Louise, 669.
Charlemont, Mass., 698.
Charles II, 58.
Charlestown : Mass., 230, 273, 285, 426,
501, 587, 667, 668, 702. N. H., 19, 21,
263, 554. S. C, 813.
Charley, John, 339.
Charlier: Augusta (Miller), 593. Daniel
H., 593. Prof. Elie, 592, 970, 971, 972.
Elie Stacy, 592, 593. Ella Ridgway
(Howell), 593. Institute, 592. Jean-
nette (Davison), 593. Jeannette
(Stacy), 592, 593. Jennie S. (For-
ward), 593. Marie Van Dyke (Howe)
(Brown) (Potts), 593. Van Dyke E.,
593. Winona de Clyver (Edson), 593.
Charlotte County, 63, 66.
Charter of Brattleborough, the, 28-30;
warrant for, 60.
Chase: Albert, 471. Alice M. (Boyden),
406. . AUethaire (Estey), 501, 639.
A. U., 439. Benjamin, 180. B. K.,
604. Cascade, 37, 500. Charles E.,
500, 501. Dennis, 765. E. B., 327.
Edwin H., 370, 500, 607, 639. Elisha.
332. Emma F. (Manley), 501.
Evelyn (Dickinson), 370, 501. Fam-
ily, the, 391. Gratia (Hyde), 500.
Harriet' Hooper (Gaudelet), 501.
James A., 434. Julia R. (Stockwell),
501. Lucy, 402. Lucy (Deming)
(Davis), 500. Lucy Augusta (Gow),
958. Mrs. Lucy M. (Rawson), 661.
Mary (Kirkland), 546. Mary D.
(Newman), 412. Colonel Paul, 183,
184, 294, 295, 326, 372, 389, 390, 400,
405, 440, 442, 493, 500, 612. Sue A.
(Cowan), 501, 639. Utley, 661. Wil-
liam S., 328, 406. William Thomas,
958.
Chase's : Assembly Room, 184. Stage-
House, 183-185, 363, 405, 424, 500,
636, 714.
Chatfield, Mrs. Sara, 871.
Chauncey, Isaac, 5.
"Cheese" line, the, 438.
Chelmsford, Mass., 51.
Chelsea, Mass., 402, 403.
Chemnitz, Saxony, 564.
Chenango County, N. Y., 21, 201.
Cheney: A. A., 454, 629. & Clapp, 505.
Nathaniel, 707.
Cheshire, Conn., 527, 810.
Chester: Elizabeth (Huntington), 99. Eng-
land, 16S, 244. F. H., 895. John, of
Wethersfield, Conn., 99. Mary
(Wells), 99, 100, 342, 352. Pa., 592,
593. Vt., 43, 59, 168, 449, 487, 553,
554, 751.
Chesterfield : Mass., 202. N. H., 171, 329,
396, 433, 506, 524, 526, 541, 544, 546,
585, 622, 631, 674, 685, 689, 704, 708,
718, 877, 897, 926, 961, 964. Academy,
247, 524, 685, 897, 961.
Cheyenne, Wyoming, 480.
Chicago, 111. : 202, 203, 248, 286, 287, 480,
495, 555, 559, 589, 618, 629, 630, 656,
658, 677, 678, 694, 713, 716, 721, 727,
729, 731, 732, 741, 770, 780, 814, 926,
933, 989, 958, 993. Theological Semi-
nary, 497, 733. University of, 819,
945, 990.
Chickamauga: Tenn,, 638, 967, 970. Park,
Ga., 966.
Chicopee, Mass., 945.
Chief judges, 1024; assistants, 1024. Chief
justice of the Suprenie Court, 1024;
assistants, 1024.
Childs: Adna B., 913, 932. Agnes Ade-
laide (Tomes), 750, 934. Arthur W.,
750, 884, 934. A. W. & Company, 811.
Asaph Parmalee, 933. Benjamin, 932.
Charles F., 933; & Co., 933. Clara
(Davis), 933. Clara Stone (Sherman),
933. Edith (Newell), 933. Emma
Maria (Fullerton), 934. Esther M.
(Haskins), 913, 933. F. L., 850. Fred-
erick W., 605, 619, 873, 878, 879, 902,
934, 935. George A., 933. Hannah
(Lamb), 913, 933. Helen (Clary),
933. Helen Louise, 934. Major Jona-
than, 932. John Murdock, 933. Julia
A. (Esterbrook), 933. Martha A.
(Winchester). 933. Millie (Adsit),
933. Randall, 934. RoUin Skinner,
933, 935. Ruth Wentworth (Young),
934. Sarah (Cady), 933. Sarah Martha
(Kidder), 933. & Stoddard, 914.
Walter, 934. Walter H., 871, 889,
904, 933.
INDEX
1049
. Chillicothe, Ohio, 205.
Chipman: John, 332. Nathaniel, 240.
Chittenden: Governor, 121, 136, 141, 142,
144. L. E., 687. Mary Ann (Hyde),
403, 503. M. W., 503. Hon. Thomas,
147.
Chorley, Mr., 313.
Choynski, I. N., 805.
Chubbuck, Thomas, 362, 605.
Church: Rev. Alonzo, D.D., 189, 291, 292.
Anna D., 292. Benjamin, 73. Benja-
min O., 778. Bethuel, 73. Damaris,
91. David, 46, 53, 71, 73, 91. Ebene-
zer, 163. Eber, 53, 73, 162, ISO. Eber,
Jr., ISO, 182. Eleazer, 127, 182.
Jonathan, 52, 67, 70, 73, 111, 124, 163,
180; Lieutenant, 152. Josiah, 162,
180. Levi, 89. Malachi, 43, 70, 73,
101, 102, 180. Nathan, 70. Nathan,
Jr., 71. Nathaniel, 48, 53, 71, 73, 102,
111, 130, 162. Nathaniel, Jr., 73.
Oliver, 105. Reuben, 68, 177, 180, 182,
291. Lieutenant Reuben, 152, 177, 178.
Richard, 127. T. Alonzo, 292. Timo-
thy, 50, 53, 63, 67, 68, 70, 73, 101, 102,
114, 120, 124, 125, 128, 141-145, 163,
180; Lieutenant-Colonel, 126-128, 152,
163, 195. William, 162. Zipporah
(Williams), 50.
Churches : Advent Church, the, 892. Bap-
tist Church, the, 448-456, 598; first
organized, 449 ; Deacons of, 454 ; Sun-
day School, 454 ; Woman's Missionary
and Aid Society, 454; Young People's
Society of Christian Endeavor, 454.
Centre Congregational Church, the,
457-468 ; Church on the Common, 337-
365 ; Covenant Association of, 338 ;
Invested Funds of, 462-463 ; Ladies'
Association, 462 ; Ladies' Benevolent
Society, 460 ; Pastorates of Rev. Wil-
liam Wells and Rev. Caleb Burge, 81 ;
Reminiscences of, by C. F. Thompson,
464 ; Young People's Society of Chris-
tian Endeavor, 460. Methodist -Epis-
copal Church, the, 417; first house of
worship, 417; fields of service of
former members, 418. St. Michael's
Protestant Episcopal Church, 540, 646-
648. St. Michael's Roman Catholic
Church, 649-651; Catholic Order of
Foresters, 650; Knights of Columbus,
650 ; Ladies' Benevolent Society, 650 ;
Living Rosary Sodality, 650 ; Young
Ladies' Sodality. 650. Swedish Lu-
theran, 892. Unitarian Church, the,
389-399; Freme Circle of, 394; the
Women's Alliance of, 393. Univer-
salist Church, the, 385-388, 598; La-
dies' Circle of, 388.
Churubusco, Mexico, 587, 798, 808.
Cincinnati. Ohio, 204, 205, 492, 61'i', '720.
Circleville, Ohio, 476.
Claflin : H. B., 673. University, Orange-
burg, S. C, 964.
Clancy: 649. Captain John G., 1018.
Clap, Preserved, 5.
Clapp : A. B. & Company, 506. Rev. A.
Huntington, 457, 461, 620. Mrs. A.
Huntington, 462. Annie P. (Wilder),
505. Arthur B., 506. Arthur L., 506.
Asahel, 339, 353, 355, 467, 505, 648.
& Jones, 505. Oara A. (Towne)
(Mrs. George H.), 462, 506, 874.
Emily R., 506. George H., 355, 45S,
462, 505, 629, 875, 882. George W.,
506. Jane M., 505. Jane Wilder, 403,
505. Janette (Mrs. Starr), 505. Rev.
Richard H., 462. Susan (Wilder), 505.
Susan Dorr (Willard), 709. T., 169.
Clarenceville, Canada, 147-149.
Clark: Alice, 502. Alice Cordelia (Ris-
bey), 230. Miss A. Louise, 828. Anna,
810. AnnL. (Holbrook), 497. Ather-
ton, 977. Barna A., 354, 695, 916, 937,
976. Barnabas, 695. Bayard, 575, 576.
Mrs. Bayard, 576. Belle G. (Mrs.
John L. Knowlton), 881. Bishop, 949.
Caroline G. (Aiken), 230. Carolyn
(Bigelow), 203. Charles A., 777. Dr.
Charles Ernest, 484. Charles H., 230.
Charles S., 176. Dr. Charles S., 483.
Charles W., 502. & Dewey purchase,
the, 482. Edward, 404, 665. Mrs.
Edward, 871. Edward Strong, 977.
Electa (Goodenough), 229. Electa
(Spaulding), 229. Eli, 422. Elizabeth
A. (Chapin), 229, 502. Eliza L. (Ad-
' kins), 483. Ellen (Clarke), 977.
Eugene, 777. Eunice (Goodenough),
229. Eunice Goodenough (Barstow),
230, 231. Ezra, 281, 287, 288, 291, 338,
341, 347, 349, 354, 414. Hon. Ezra, Jr.,
287. Family, the, 391. Florence Re-
. becca, 484. Freedom (Alexander).
229. Freedom (Houghton) (Pitman),
230, 281. George H., 229,392,402,644,
748. George W., 881. Helen (Clarke),
977. Helen C. (Bullock), 695, 976.
Henry, 229; Captain, 324, 378, 400.
Henry G., 230. H. J., 203. Holbrook.
810. & Hunt, 288, 331. L L., 403.
Jabez, 159. Rev. James Stanford, 484.
Jane A. (Mason), 231. Janette
1050
INDEX
(Ellis), 287, 291. Jane W. (Fessen-
den), 240. John, 778, 780. John, 810.
John K., 810. Joseph, 229. Joseph,
109, 110, 111, 162, 177, 180, 182, 185,
187, 188, 189, 229, 312, 314, 369, 376,
600, 603, 604, 693; drug store of, 704;
and wife, 187; fulling mill of, 111.
Joseph II, 502, 506. Dr. Joseph, 239.
Josephine (Wooster), 230. Katharine
(Perkins), 484. Lafayette, 317, 324,
367, 441, 483, 484, 600, 643. Lafayette
Franklin, 483. Laura, 357. Laura
(Whitney), 287, 342. Margaret, 810.
Margaret C. (Holbrook), 810. Marion,
810. Marion, 977. Mark, 695.
Mary (Fitch), 317, 485. Mary A,
(Tyler), 230, 280. Mary E. (Weather-
head), 485. Mary Ellery (Nims), 484.
Mary J. (Messer), 230. Martha
(Ryther), 422. Mr., 229. Maxwell,
810. Oliver C, 229, 502. Orlin &
Company, 598. P. T., 860. Rebecca
C, 483. Robert Cushman, 484. Rufus,
230, 280, 314, 339, 340, 604; Rufus
Clark's hotel, 314. Rufus, Jr., 231.
Sally (Goodenough), 230. Samuel,
168, 299, 332, 333, 366, 367, 424, 427,
482, 483, 643, 658, 659; fund of, 660.
Samuel Edward, 484. Mrs. Samuel
Edward, 484. Sarah (Cushman), 482.
Sarah Frances, 230. Sarah H. (Nims),
230. Sarah Louise (Perry), 230. S.
Morton, 287; & Company, 414. Sophia
(Denison), 230. Sophia D. (Doane),
230. "Squire," 411. Stanford, 483.
Stanford Russell, 189, 483. Susan
(Johnson), 482. Susan E., 483; house
of, 249. Susan Louise, 484. Thomas,
422, 695. Timothy, 482. & Willard,
695; drug store of, 852. William, 810.
Rev. William, 665. William, Jr., 5.
Dr. William Bullock, 693, 872, 976,
977. William O., 229. William Orne,
502. William W., 775.
Clarke: Cynthia, 689. Edward, of North-
ampton, 208. Edward & Company, 508,
509. Edward Strong, 977. Elam, 689.
Ellen (Clark), 977. Findley, 977.
Frances W. (Blake), 208. Francis E.,
690. Helen (Clark), 977. John M.,
M.D., 433. Kittie (Elliot), 219. Lucy
C. (Wilder), 690. Mary W. (Acker),
690. Brevet Major Ranslure W., 334,
335, 381, 476, 605, 689, 690, 705, 774,
793, 862, 866, 887, 934. Susan O.
(Wilder), 690. William, Sr., of
Northampton, 5.
Clary : Flora J. (Cutting), 974. George L., •
872, 933, 973. Helen (Childs), 933,
973. John E., 933, 973. Ruby (Duke),
974.
Clay: Don Alonzo, 275. Emily (Cutler),
275. George M., 462.
Cleanvater Harbor, Fla., 398.
Clemens, Marion (Crosby), 701.
Clement: D. K., 945. John P., M.D., 435.
Nettie E. (Starr), 945.
Clerks of the House, 1025.
Cleveland : President Grover, 816, 902, 934,
952. Ohio, 513, 649, 676, 678, 885.
Cleverly, Stephen, of Boston, 109.
Clifton Springs, N. Y., 435.
Clinton; A. Duane, 239. Governor, 118-
120. 124, 123, 128. 134, 142, 143, 146.
Harriet A. (Fessenden), 239. (South
Lancaster), Mass., 815.
Coale : Isaac, 235. Sarah (Holbrook)
(Hall), 235.
Cobb : Mrs. Annie G., 873. Boughton, 683.
C. M., 882. Edith (McKeever), 683.
Mary E. (Hayes), 665, 666.
Cobden, Richard, 509.
Cobleigh: Diantha (Arms), 316. F. D.,
832, 854, 857. Captain Franklin, 325.
L. D., 316. Polly (French), 9.36.
Captain William, 325.
Coburn Classical Institute, Waterville, Me.,
956.
Cochran, Robert, 107.
Codman, Captain John, 581.
Coe : Emily Warren (Harris), 689. Henry
Tilton, 689.
Coffin: James B., 849. Nelson P., 881.
Colburn : C. M. & Company, 694. Land,
the, 434. Warren, 777, 780.
Colby: Academy, 957. College, 942, 956-
958. Simeon, 248.
Colchester, Vt., 944.
Colden: Hon. Cadwallader, 39, 58, 137,
145. Georgietta (Harris), 193.
Cold Water Army, the, 463.
Cole : Harrison A., 777. Henry, 180, 182.
Nathaniel, 152, 180, 182. Nelson S.,
764, 765, 775. Theodore, 415, 577.
Colebrook, Conn., 275, 277.
Coleburne : Jeremiah, 30. Oliver, 30.
Coleman; Rev. Dr., 501. Rev. Henry, 901.
James Freeman, 901. Louise (Hunt),
729, William, 284.
Colenso, Bishop, 919.
Colerain, Mass., 11, 18, 37, 67, 220, 349,
471, 673, 678, 693, 716.
Coles, Winslow V.. 340.
Colgate University, 431.
INDEX
1051
Colkin, John, 153.
CoUamer, Senator, 686,
College of the City of New York, 684.
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New
York City, 432, 682, 935, 938.
College Point, L. I., 499.
Coller, Hannah, 357.
Collins: Derflea (Hawes), 950. Eli, 769,
776. Emily (Graves), 950. Patrick
A., 868. William, 949. William, 950.
William F., 950. Rev. William H.,
643, 873, 949.
Colon, Panama, 593.
Colt: Elisha, of Hartford, Conn., 100.
Elizabeth (Wells), 100. George M.,
765, 767, 775. Lucretia Davis, 100.
Columbia, Conn., 482.
Columbia University: 431, 495, 682, 732,
745, 753, 990, 953. Law School, 278,
589, 684, 713, 732, 815, 975. Teachers
College, 495, 591.
Columbian Lodge, Number 34, 332, 333;
Number 36, 334, 335.
Columbus, Ohio, 481.
Combs, W. E., 850.
Comegys, John M„ 604.
Compton, Rev. I. M., 892.
Conant: Charles S., 447. Charlotte
(Davis), 447. Ella M., 447. Emma
(Arey), 447. Frank, 447. Harriet E.
(Salisbury), 351, 446. Harriet M.
(Emmons), 446. Herbert, 447. Mary
Ann (Pettee), 404, 446, 828. Roger,
445. William A., 339, 351, 445, 446,
485, 598, 828. William Henry, 446.
Concord: Mass., 110, 221, 323, 446, 661,
680. School, of Philosophy, 755.
N. H., 191, 393, 402, 438, 487, 702,
713, 722, 733, 841, 927.
Cone, Jesse, store of, 707.
Conelly, Michael, 776.
Congregationalists' Jubilee, the; Governor
Holbrook's Address, 357-362.
Conkling: Captain Cornelius, 196. Mary
(Wells), 196. Phoebe M. (Hollister),
688.
Conland: Carroll (Henschel), 949. Harry
H., 949. Dr. James, 871, 912, 947-
949, 982. Matilda (McGuirk), 948.
Connecticut : River Canal Company, the,
306. River Valley Steamboat Com-
pany, the, 304. . Steamboat Company,
1829, the, 304.
Connell, Jerry, 773, 777.
Conner, Harvey, 778.
Connor, James, 756.
Connors: Patrick P., 209, 619. Sarah H.
(Dickerman), 209.
Constitution, Fort, N. H., 808,
Contrast, The, by Royall Tyler, 256-260.
Contreras, Me.x., 798, 808.
Cony, Governor of Maine, 887.
Cook: Beulah, 51. E. L, 850. Isabel, 45.
J. G., 890. Joseph, 163, 180. Madi-
son, 765, 775, 779. Captain Oliver,
51, 53, 63, 70, 71, 73, 103, 123, 163,
180. Solomon, 180. Thomas, 45, 51,
53, 102.
Cooke: Mary C. (Pratt), 673. Rufus, 328.
Cooledge Sargent & Company, 185.
Cooley, Henry L., 762, 765, 775, 779.
CooUdge : Anna L. (Cabot), 743. James
R., 762, 765. J. Randolph, III, 74.3.
M. A., 701.
Cooper: Abraham C, 777, 780. E. L., 869.
Moses, 17, 18. Sergeant Robert, of
Northfield, 10. 17, 22.
Cooper's : Hill, 303. Point, 4, 22.
Cooperstown, N. Y., 752.
Corbett, Jerome, 850.
Cork : Ireland, 954. University of, 749.
Cornell : Mr., 750. University, Ithaca,
N. Y., 100, 495, 932, 979.
Cornish, N. H., 539, 917.
Cornwall : Conn., 948. N. Y., 74. Vt., 825,
826.
Corser & Hidden, 866.
Cortis: Albert A., 475. Harriet E. (Ester-
brook), 475.
Cortland, N. Y., 624.
Couch : Alfred, of Philadelphia, 487. Mary
H. (Van Doom), 487.
Coudrey : Annie L. (Wyman), 702. Fred
J., 702.
Coudry, Maud (Crosby), 701.
Coughland, Melinda (Herrick), 507.
Council of Censors, 1024.
Councillors Elected by the People, 1024.
County Clerks, 1024.
County Senators and Years of their Elec-
tion, 1022.
Couture, Thomas, 724.
Coval (Covel), Peter, 153, 162, 180, 182.
Covenant, the, 72, 74, 75, 80 ; the Associa-
tion Covenant, 338.
Covenanters, the, 52, 74, 75, 80, 172.
Covey: Oark S., 777, 780. Ransom, 340.
Cowan, Sue A. (Chase), 501.
Cowenhoen, Sarah (Hall), 751.
Cowles: Denison, 889, 986. Lucie I.
(Brackett), 986. Nancy (Fessenden),
239.
aisa
INDEX
Cox : A. v., 889. Mrs. A. V., 874. Charles,
918. Charles Barry, 918. & Com-
pany's store, 454. Harriet L. (Bar-
rows) (Barrows), 918. Mrs. Lucy A.,
4.54. Mary, 918. Sybil, 918.
Crafts, Almy M., 357.
Craftsbury, Vt., 476.
Craig: Ann Maria (Smith) (Monroe), 494,
Henry S., 494. James T., 494.
Cramer, Miss Lucretia, 660, 661.
Crampton, Miss Helen S., 666.
Crandall; Major J. J., 235, 334, 376, 491.
500, 607, 886. Mrs. J. J., 500, 754.
John J., 777.
Cram : Goodhue & Ferguson, 492. & Went-
worth, 492.
Crane: Ephraim H., 421, 894. Fanny M.,
450. Loana H., 450. Lucinda (Tyler)
(Cutler), 275. Lucius H., 450, 641.
& Morris, 407.
Cranford, N. J., 590.
Cranny, William, 53, 163, 180.
Cranston, R. I., 435.
Crawford : Rev. J. A., 785. Mrs. Louisa
(Ward), 567.
Crehare, Rev. Joseph, 658.
Cresey : Moses, 182.
Cressy: Mrs. Alta C. (Starr), 945. Fred,
889. Miss Lula, 881.
Criswell, Mrs. B. F., 410.
Crocker, Colonel Alvah, 612, 613, 691.
Crombie, Nancy (Dickerman), 210.
Crosby: & Adams, 702. Agnes C. (Cos-
grove), 701. Alene, 701. Allyn J.,
701. Anna M. (Landry), 701. Bessie
Couch (Van Doom), 487, 701. Betsey,
487, 701. Betsey (Jones), 696. Block,
60S, 698, 835, 842. Charles, 701.
Charles H., 369, 866. Charles R., 699,
700, 701, 884-886, 889. Dorothy, 701.
E. & Company, 697-699, 702. Edna S.
(Bingham), 701. Edward, 696. Ed-
ward, 184, 658, 696-700, 702, 869, 871.
Edward, 701. Edward, Jr., 701. Edward
C, 462, 696, 699, 700, 701, 765, 850.
Elizabeth, 403. Ella H. (Adams), 700,
702. Emma F. (Wyman), 701. Enos
C, 339, 696. Family, the; Additional
Members of, 1008. Fanny B. (Rice),
696, 698, 700, 872. Fanny C. (Gaines),
696. Francis, 701. Francis W., 701.
Frederic C, 701. George R., 778.
Godfrey, 696. Godfrey, 701. Harriet,
404. Helen F. (Brasor), 701. Henry
H., 487, 701. Lieutenant Isaac, 73,
153, 162, 177, 180. Isaac, Jr., 178.
Jennie E. (Doolittle), 701. Julia L.
(Parker), 701. L. H., 607 Lucia
(Smith), 696. Marion (Clemens), 701.
Marjorie (Smith), 701. Mattie A.
(Bemis), 701. Maud (Coudry), 701.
■ Misses, the, 433. Nellie (Teake), 701.
Nelson, 433. Miss Rebecca, 828.
Richard, 701. Sylvia, 701. Sylvia
(Cune), 696. Thomas, 88. Thomas
G., 327. Thomas Warren, 701.
Crosby's, Charles R., 186, 280.
Crosbys, the, 284.
Cross: Albert, 402, 623. Dr. E. C, 623.
Fanny E. (Marcy), 623. Henrietta,
402, 623. J. W., Jr., 660. Maria L.,
623.
Crossett, Mr., 627.
Grossman, Susan Mina (Bradley), 536,
539.
Crosswell: Elias, 180. Peter, 180.
Crothers : Bronson McChord, 956. Gor-
don, 956. Helen McChord, 956. John
M., 956. Katherine Foster, 956.
Louise M. (Bronson), 956. Marjorie
Louise, 956. Nancy Foster, 956. Rev.
Samuel McChord, 393, 394, 840, 870,
871, 956.
Crouch, Albert W., 335.
Crowell: Christie B., 335, 336, 843. Elsi-
nore (Robinson), 843. Esther L., 843.
Esther Stone, 841. George, 843..
George E., 832, 841-843, 856, 858, 871,
873, 889, 921. Herbert, 843. Mary
(Spencer) (Mrs. G. E.), 574, 843, 871,
872. Nathaniel', 841. Percy V., 843.
Ralph W., 843.
Crowell's Park, 41.
Crowfoot, John, 8, 11. ,
Crown Point Expedition, the, 33.
Cudworth : Addison E„ 959. T. J. B., 8S9,
934.
Cullom: Katherine R. (Hardie), 973.
Senator Shelby, 973.
Cumberland County, 33, 34, 35, 43, 44, 59,
60, 63, 64-68, 74, 80, 101, 103, 105, 113,
114, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 124, 12.5,
130, 131, 134, 137, 13S, 142.
Cummings : Dr. Charles, 333, 334, 394, 420.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles, 771, 774,
779, 854. C. W., 776.
Cummington, Mass., 624, 817, 818.
Cumpton, Thomas, 71.
Cune (McCune) : & Brackett, 489, 490,
491, 763, 764. Charles H., 309, 340,
369, 403, 481. & Company, 309. Dex-
ter, 778. & Edwards, 489. Elizabeth
(Sikes), 408, 481. Elizabeth (Thomp-
son), 481. Frank, 40.3. Frank G., 481.
INDEX
1053
& Goodhue, 490, 683. Isaac, 1.80, 182.
John, 178. John H., 481. Julia Hall
(Bartlett), 489. Mary Ann B. (Good-
hue), 489; Fund, 463. Mary Goodhue
(Draper), 489, 683. W. H., 184, Wil-
liam, 180, 182. William, Jr., 180, 182.
William G., 489. William P., 339, 367,
440, 475, 489, 595; Fund, 463. Mrs.
William P., 620. W., 177.
Cunningham : Rev. Patrick, 650. William,
850.
Currier, H. M., 874.
Curtis: General, 287. George W., 952.
Oren, 369.
Gushing, George R., 607.
Cushman: Charlotte, 830. Robert, 482.
Sarah (Clark), 482.
Cutler: Emily L. (Pratt), 275. George,
410. George H., 275. Jonas, bakery
of, 595. Jonathan, 628. Lucinda B.
(Tyler) (Crane), 275. Mary E. (Pear-
son), 275. Mary J. (Hines), 410.
Mary L. Heywood), 410. Nahum, 332.
Cutting: aifton, 990. Cornelia (Starr),
990. Edith, 990. Flora J. (Clary),
974. Henry M., 990. Rev. H. P., 387.
J. C, 974. Captain John, 387; the
Cutting Family, 1012. John S., 869,
903. Mary E. (Derby), 990. Milton,
303. Mr., 169. Robert L., 581. Starr
Willard, 990, 991. William G., 313,
408. Winifred, 990.
Cutts : Anna Holyoke (Howard). 746.
Annie (Sherwood), 746. Charles J.,
747. Edward, 745. Captain Edward
H., 746. Elizabeth Bartlett (Bullard),
747. Hon. Hampden, 367, 745, 746,
839, 908. Harriet L. (Budd), 747.
Katie Anna, 746. Mary, 747, 748.
Mary Pepperell Sparhawk (Jarvis)
(Mrs. Hampden), 307, 728, 746, 787.
Mary Sherwood, 746.
Daggett: Abbie A. M. (Harris), 689. Asa,
162. Celia (Thomas), 408. Judge, of
New Haven, 495.
Dalhousie, Earl of, 148.
Dallas, Te.x., 701.
Dalton : Caroline M., 581, 591. Coos
County, 304. Elizabeth (Tilden), 590.
Ethel (Swift), 591. James, 495, 581,
590, 591. Mary E. (Wheeler), 495,
591. Stella Pomeroy (Dodge), 393,
495, 591. Tacro Hall, 591.
Daly: Catherine, 649. Father, 649.
Damon: David, 716. Delia A. (Burnham),
716. Captain Isaac, 377.
Dana: Charles A., 683. Hon, Francis, of
Cambridge, 252. Juliette (Viele), 581.
Miss, School of, Morristown, N. J.,
690. Richard H., 581. Ruth (Draper),
683. Sylvia (Smith), 494.
Dane: Rev. Francis, 307. Hannah (Good-
hue), 307.
Daniels : Addington, 340. Harriet G.
(Dearborn) (Smith), 928. Kate L.
(Field), 753. L. J., 928. Lorenzo,
753. Sanford A., 33.5.
Dansville, N. Y., 195.
Danvers, 578.
Danville, Va., 768.
Darier, Samuel, 726.
Darling, Mrs. Granville. 937.
Dartmouth College : Hanover, N. H., 190,
192, 197, 240. 247, 285, 289, 402, 476,
484, 524, 526, 542, 546, 661, 664, 685,
689, 733, 818, 819, 934, 944, 958, 987.
Medical School, 622, 818, 819.
Davenport: Alonzo C, 629, 705, 873; gro-
cery store of, 851. Annie (Laughton),
932. Calvin M„ 931. Charles, 705.
Charles H., 189, 870, 871. 893, 894,
931, 932. Charles Holton, 932. Charles
N., 658, 869, 870, 874, 893, 896, 907,
913, 931, 932, 946, -959. Clara A
(Harrison), 931. Dorothy (Day), 932.
& Eddy, 946. Edgar H.. 472, 931.
Elizabeth B. (Simpson) (Mrs. A. C),
454, 705, 871. Emily E. (Barnard),
931. Eva (Bowker). 932. George W.,
931. Harriet (Crandall), 932. Her-
bert Joseph, 932, 946. Iowa, 235, 291,
496, 497. Jennette (Monroe), 932.
Jerusha (Flint), 705. John, 305. John
B., 932. Louisa, 932. Louisa C.
(Haynes), 931. Lucy (White), 931.
Mabel, 932. & Mansur, 705. Martin
W., 932. Pardon, 705. Roxanna
(Dunklee), 932. William, 362.
Daventry Dissenting College, the, 91.
Davies : Mary (Higginson), 548. William,
548.
Davis: Benjamin F.. 439, 765, 767. 776.'
C, 402. Charlotte (Conant), 447.
Clara (Childs"). 933. Cyrus. 363, 417.
Dorrance, 500. Edwin, 627. Rev.
Edwin, 387. Rev. H. S., 892. Jabez,
53, 164. Jefferson, 676, 955. Jessie
B. (Frost), 480. John, 777. John G.,
933. Captain Jonathan, 325, 327, 328,
338. L. L., 849, 853, 854, 856. Lucy
(Chase) (Deming), 500. Noyes J.,
776. Captain R. S., 803. Sarah L.
(Rice), 933. W. T., 471.
i054
INDEX
Davison : Darius, 576. Joseph, 576. Miss,
576. Henry, 593. Jeannette (Char-
lier), 393.
Dawes, Thomas, 253.
Dawley, H. R., 859.
Day: Charles Henry, 965. Charles Man-
ley, 932. Rev. Charles O., 355, 460,
462, 870, 871, 965-967, 982. Dr.
Charles O., Jr., 967. Dorothy (Daven-
port), 932. Elizabeth L. (Farr), 566.
Lucius L., 566. Mary (Hill), 967.
Rosanne (Keep), 967.
Dean: Dan, 944. Doctor, 655.
Deane: Dr. H. A., 413. Ida (Newman),
413. Dr. James, 942. Mary L.
(French), 413, 414, 422.
Deans, Jennie, 723.
Dearborn : Allen Bennett, 928. Amanda
M., 450. Bessie (Bennett), 928.
Charles, 928. Charles E., 928. Dr.
David P., 458, 812, 912, 927. Rev.
D. M., 927. Elizabeth, 451. Esther,
450. Gordon Bennett, 928. Harriet
G. (Smith) (Daniels), 928. Harriet
S. (White) (Mrs. D. P.), 874, 927.
Lyman H., 335, 849. Minnie A. (Tay-
lor), 812, 927. Peter, 431.
De Champlain, Samuel, 3.
De Cordova, R. J., 830.
Dedham, Mass., 150.
Deed, earliest conveyance of land, 3.
Deere, Rev. George H., 387.
Deerfield: Mass., 10-12, 14, 33, 36, 130,
309, 315, 342, 344, 608, 668, 817, 942,
973; settled, 5. Academy, 990. Mas-
sacre, 5. N. H., 810.
De Graux, Miss (Clark), 484.
De Jotemps: Edna (Hall), 750. Vicomte,
750.
Delafield, Mrs. Edward H. (Winifred Fol-
som), 745.
Delaware, Ohio, 203, 204.
Delano: Leila (Burnett), 750. Lyman, 750.
Delegates to the Constitutional Conven-
tion, 1024.
De Mas: Comte, 713. Marie Madeline
(Aldis), 713.
Deming, Lucy (Chase) (Davis), 500.
Denison (Dennison) : Charles, 861. Cap-
tain David, 382. Hon. Gilbert. 167,
230, 382. Henry, 284. Sophia (Clark),
. 230.
Dennie, Joseph, 263, 284.
Denver, Colo., 527, 589, 684, 926.
DePutran, George, 889. '■
Derby: Mary E. (Cutting), 990. N. H., !
191. Dr. P. H., 990. I
De Rochambeau, Marquis, 971.
De Rouville. Major Hertel, 5.
Des Moines, Iowa, 202, 483.
Description of Earliest Village of Brattle-
boro, from Autobiography of Mrs.
Royall Tyler, 280-282.
Desler: Isaac, 408. Sophia A. (Thomas),
408.
Detroit. Mich., 441, 798, 833, 990.
Devens : General Charles, 581. Cornelia,
588, Cornelia' (Fuller) (Mrs. Henry),
588, 871. Rev. David S., 646. Ed-
ward, 588. Frances F. (Hamilton-
Vesturme-Bunbury). 588. Henry, 388.
Captain Henry, 581, 587, 588. Richard,
588. Thomas, 587. Winifred, 588.
De Witt : Arthur B., 409. Rev. H. G., 891.
John C, 408, 885. Nina J. (Thomas),
408. Ruth, 409.
De Wette, ■ , 564.
Dewey: Prof. Chester, 788. Hon. Edward
E., 961. Jessie Lilley (Martin). 961.
Dexter: Aaron. Professor of Chemistry at
Harvard College, 253. Mrs. E. Aline
Osgood, 992.
Di Benvenuti, Marietta (Mead), 721.
Dickerman : Emeline (Fairbanks), 209.
Emily Ann (Squires), 209. Harriet
Emily (Ransom), 209. Harriet Maria
(Haven), 210. House, 245. John, 123,
162, 167, 177, 178, 180, 209. John, Jr.,
181. John Locke, 209, 355, 433. John
Locke. M.D„ 189, 209, 338, 371, 400,
433,442,532. Kezia, 209. Dr. Lemuel,
45, 71, 81, 82, 85, 87, 90, 123, 163, 177,
178, 180, 188, 189, 206, 208, 210, 281;
house of, 596 ; "the Dr. Dickerman
place," 51. Lucinda (Arms), 209.
Lucinda (Herrick), 209. Lucretia Ann
(Pope), 210. Maria, 210. Maria
(Knapp). 210. Mary C. (Smith), 209.
Mr., 508. Nancy (Crombie), 210.
Polly (Newton), 209. Sarah Harston
(Connors), 209. Sophia (Putnam),
209. Susan W. (Putnam), 209, 403.
Theda (Barrett), 209. Thomas, 208.
Willard, 210. Willard Arms, 210.
Willard Arms, M.D., 209. William,
■ 162. W. L.. 340.
Dickey: Louise Piatt (Hunt), 729. Maude
A. (Kirkland), 546.
Diekman, Thomas, 916.
Dickinson: Miss Anna, 829. Ashbel, 216,
334, 369, 370, 416, 474, 501, 567, 648;
store of, 598. Building, 382. C. B.,
850. Charles, 450. Chauncey B., 335.
Clarence BIydenburg, 370. Emily
INDEX
1055
(Miller), 370, 416. Emma (Balch),
370. Emma (Elliot), 370. Eunice,
357. Evelyn (Chase), 370, 501.
Family, the, 391. Frederick Zelotes,
505. Hannah (Whitney), 183. Har-
riet (Miller), 505. I. L., 885. Linus
P., 370. Louisa, 403. Mrs. Louisa
Porter, 370. Lucy Marvin, 370. Lydia
P.. 370. Mary Jane (Smead), 504,
505. Ruth P. (Smith), 493. Samuel,
181, 183, 186. Samuel (of Petersham,
Mass.), Ill, 177, 178, 236, 282, 285,
312, 332. Susan (Phelps), 504. Su-
sanna, 342, 357. Tabitha (Greenleaf),
200. W. A., 402. Zelotes, 442, 504,
505, 576, 595, 603. Mrs. Zelotes, 620;
house of, 281.
Dickinson's Hall, 646.
Dickson: Eunice (Greenleaf), 199. George,
73. George, of Ohio, 199.
Diedrich: Elinor M. (Hunt), 725. Hunt,
725.
Dighton, Mass., 154.
Dillingham : Paul, 687. Governor William
P., 811, 887.
Dinard, France, 704.
Dinsmore, Charles A., 778.
District Attorneys, 1025.
Ditchmar, Sophia (Klinge), 566.
Dix, Mr., 377.
Dixon: David, 163. George, 163. John,
163.
Doane : College, Crete. Neb., 668. Louisa
A. (Barber), 667, 668. Sophia D.
(Clark), 230. Thomas, 230, 667, 668.
Dodd, John, 19.
Doddridge, Doctor, 94.
Dodge: Cyrus, 676. Jennie ^L (Hall),
499. Harry, 499. Harry E., 499.
Margaret, 495, 591. Philip Edward,
495, 591. Richard M., 495, 591.
Stanley, 495, 591. Stella Pomeroy
(Dalton), 495, 591.
Doggett, Asa, 180.
Donavan, Timothy, 775.
Doolittle : Jennie E. (Crosby), 701. Sophia
S. (French), 936. Warren, 701.
Dorchester: Mass., 207, 208, 229, 232, 541,
546, 574, 617, 751, 766, 797. Heights,
232, 274.
Doring. Charles C, 540.
Dorset, Vt., 112, 113.
Dorsey, S. W., 814.
Douglas : E. M.. 863. & Hawley Company,
862. O. B., 454, 629, 862, 874.
Douglass, Frederick, 624, 829.
Dover: N. H., 932. Vt., 216, 482, 483,
585, 635, 654-657, 696, 764, 765, 913,
915.
Dow: General, 215. Lucy (Elliot), 215.
Dowley: Ada (Esterbrook) (Mrs. A. E.)
(Mrs. George), 474, 871 ; house of,
111. Anstis Baldwin, 474. Darius L.,
474. George S., 367, 474, 679, 872,
873, 883, 890, 986; bequests of, 475.
House, 185, 210, 439.
Downer: David, 850. Guy W., 703. Ruth
L. (Adams), 703.
Doyle, A. Conan, 980.
Dracutt, Mass., 503.
Draper: Alonzo Granville, 783. Charles
D., 683. Dorothea, 683. Elinor (Kin-
nicut), 683. Francis E., 489, 648, 683.
Rev. Frank, 493. Frederick Goodhue,
492. General, 616, 792. George, 339,
350, 682. Rev. George B., 492. Helen
(Hoffman), 683. "The inhabitants of."
104. Ira, 942. Dr. Joseph, 393, 428,
435, 870, 872, 896, 905, 933. 935, 943,
943. Mrs. Joseph, 871. Julia (Mc-
Keever), 489, 683. Laura (Merriam),
492. Lucy (Barnard), 682. Lucy B.
(Goodhue). 492, 682. Martha, 683.
Mary Goodhue (Cune), 489, 683.
Mary J. (Putnam), 943. The Misses,
School of, Hartford, 220. Paul, 683.
Ruth, 683. Ruth (Dana), 683. Wal-
ter, 492. William H., M.D., 682. Dr.
William K., 683.
Drealand, Captain, 892.
Dresden, Saxony, 548, 590. 927, 980, 981,
991.
Dresel, Almena (Billings), 278.
Dresser, Sarah E. (Elliot), 219.
Drew: Annah R. (Kellogg), 753. Charles,
753. Dr. Charles W., 753, 870. Julia
Kellogg. 753.
Driscoll, Kate, 872.
Drown, J. W., 884, 885.
Drummondville, P. Q., 925.
Druon, Rev. Zephyrin, 649.
Dublin: Ireland, 226, 749. N. H., 743.
Dubois, Eliza P. (Frost), 819.
Dubuque, Iowa, 496.
Du Chaillu, P. B., 830.
Duclos: Henry P., 582. Mary B. (Fran-
cis), 582, 583.
Dudley: Captain Benajah, 153, ISO, 324.
1010; Family, the, 1010. Helen
M. (Frost). 476. Horace. 927. Joseph,
Governor of Massachusetts, 6. Major
C. P.. 476. England, 92. Mass., 429.
Matilda (Brooks) (Ryan), 927.
1056
INDEX
Duke: Ruby (Clary), 974. William,' Jr.,
974.
Dumaresq, Lucy (Blake), 310.
Dummer: Fort, 6-12, 15-20, 22, 23, 29, 30,
32, 33, 37, 48, 53, 55, 67, 103, 110, 111,
150, 157, 264, 290, 936; plan of, 9.
William, Lieutenant-Governor and Act-
ing Governor of Province of Massa-
chusetts, 7, 9-13, 27.
Dummerston, Vt. : 6, 7, 18, 37, 42, 67, 87,
105, 106, 126, 128, 131, 136, 158, 171,
175, 179, 203, 210, 226, 228, 248, 249,
283, 284, 301, 309, 377, 409, 416, 422,
423, 434, 439, 514-516, 555, 626, 656,
677, 696, 765, 771, 812, 833, 857, 860,
864, 877, 938, 961. East, 229. Centre,
43, 203, 247. Hill, 45, 168. "The in-
habitants of," 104.
Duncan : Abel, 284. Adam, 778. Captain,
of Dummerston, 126.
Dunham : Beatrice, 590. Brothers, 942 ;
Brothers Company, 942. Charles W.,
672, 884. C. W., Company, 942. Eve-
lyn Marion (Mason), 942. George L..
460, 500, 597, 875, 889, 941, 942.
Grace (Hawley), 941. Josephine, 590.
Josephine (Balestier), 590. L. L., 942.
Marion, 942. Mary Alice (Pratt), 672.
Stewart Pratt, 672. Theodore, 590.
Dr. Theodore, 590. Wolcott, 590.
Dunklee : Admatha, L68. Mrs. Admatha.
190. Amy L (Butterfield'), 990.'
Azubah (Grout), 919. Charles R., 682.
& Clark, 598. Hannah (Jenks), 990.
Harry W. P., 6S2. Helen (Phelan).
6S2. Homestead, the, 43, 168, 169.
Jonathan, 54, 55, 81, 85, 88, 129, 163,
177, 180, 1002; Family, the, 1002.
Mrs. Jonathan, 55. John H., 682.
Joseph, 163, 180. Laura M., 682.
Mary E. (Herrick), 682. Mr., 845.
Roxanna (Davenport), 932. Scott,
990.
Dunton : Colonel Augustus T., 397, 636. &
Campbell, 636. Flora Starr (Ross),
398. Mary (Brown) (Farr), 397. Dr.
Thomas. 397.
Durfee : & Bushnell, 858. Mr., 858, 859.
Durham : Conn., 429. N. Y., 624.
Dusseldorf : Germany, 723, 729. Art Acad-
emy of, 723.
Dustin, Hannah. 754.
Dutton : Adelaide, 506. Adeline, 404.
Caroline, 506. & Clark, 440, 486, 693 ;
store of, 598. Electa (Sargent), 812.
Emeline (Taylor), 812. Emma, 506.
George, 304. George, 506. Harriet,
403, 506. Lucretia, 506. Manassah,
328. Maria E. (Gane) (Jones), 475.
Mary (Kingsley), 439. Nancy Maria
(Streeter), 506. Samuel, 340, 353,
466, 506, 600, 603, 605, 707. Sarah,
506. Stephen, 439, 812. Sylvia
(French), 506. William A., 354, 632.
William Henry, 475.
Duxbury, Mass., 685.
Dwight: Caroline (Allen), 523. Daniel,
10. Edmund, 523. Rev. Louis, 425.
Lieutenant Timothy, 8, 9, 10, 21, 22,
33. Dr. Timothy. President of Yale
College, 10, 282. 363.
Dwinell: Aaron E., 354, 376, 440, 442, 476,
498, 499, 595, 603, 826 ; furniture shop,
845; house of, 593. Alice S. (Hen-
king), 499. Etta (Wilson), 500.
Fanny E. (Frost), 476, 499. Helen
F. (Ballard), 499. Lucia H. (Case),
499.
Eagle, The, 420.
Earheart, Isaac, 52.
Earl, Samuel, 181, 1009; the Earl Family,
1009.
Earle: Ella (Mrs. Toedt), 881. Samuel,
Jr., 387.
Earlham College, Ind., 990.
Eason : Timothy W., 876, 878. Warren E.,
433, 698, 869, 884.
East Bethel, Vt., 820.
Easthampton, Mass., 288, 412, 413.
Eastman. Rev. G. C, 647.
Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y.. 483, 945.
Easton, N. Y., 202.
Eastport, Me., 431, 935.
East Village, the, 38; the East Village in
1824, 370.
East Weare, N. H., 451.
East Windsor, Conn.. 428.
Eastwood, Rev. James, 388.
Eaton: Ann Abigail (Foster), 451, 970.
Annie S. (Foster) (Mrs. D. B.), 950,
952. Augusta (Whitney), 211. Hon.
Dorman B., 840, 870, 950-953. John,
950. Hon. Nathaniel, 950. Ruth
(Bridgeraan), 950. Simeon, 73, 162,
181.
Eayrs, A. E., 852.
Eddy: Anna M. (Burke). 946. & Daven-
port, 932, 946. Helen J. (Thomas),
408. Hermon E., 989. & Hopkins,
505. H. W., 895. Jonathan, 931, 932,
945, 946, 959.
Edgerton, Otis, 850.
INDEX
1057
Edmunds: George F., 687. Senator, 787,
887.
Edson : Constance de Clyver (Seeger), 59.3.
Elie Stacy, 593. Dr. J. Tracy, 593.
Winona de Clyver (Charlier), 593.
Edwards; Eli, 488. Elizabeth (Sikes), 342,
481. Fred, 848. Frederick C, 369,
481, 854. F. E., 415. Horace B., 777.
Sarah (Goodhue), 357, 467, 468, 488.
& Smith, 865. Willard, 434.
Eels : George, 450. Henry, 777. Priscilla
E., 450.
Elberton, Ga., 740.
Eldredge, Helen Grosvenor (Goodhue),
492.
Elgin: 111., 370. Lord, 274.
Ellas: Simpson. 109. William, 71, 73.
Ellas's, 167.
Ellenville, N. Y., 418.
Elliman, Gertrude L. (Piatt), 541.
Ellington. Conn., 482, 715.
Elliot: Annie, 217, 219. Belinda (McClel-
lan), 220, 402. Charles C, 370. Ed-
win Day, 217, 219, 364; published i
works of, 217. Emma (Dickinson),
370. Family, the, 213. Fanny (Fos-
ter), 217. Fanny E., 220. Fanny Fos-
ter, 219. Miss Frances J.. 454. Henry,
402. Hon. James, 186, 213, 215, 283,
299, 325, 339, 340, 343, 372, 373, 375.
379, 906, 907; published works of,
213-215. James Henry, 219; nom de i
plume, Mercutio, 219, 2S3. James j
Madison, 216. Janette (Keeler), 220; !
poem by. 220. Kittie L. (Clarke), 219. '
Linda (Hayes) (Pease), 202, 219, 357.
Lucy (Dow), 215. Marcia L. (Har-
vey), 219. Mary A. (Pomeroy), 216.
Rose Standish (Stellman), 219. Hon.-
Samuel. 49, 85, 171, 189, 202, 206,
215-221, .329, 330, 332, 333, 338, 349,
441; house of, 598; pew of. 347;
published works of, 216, 220. Samuel,
Jr., 42. Rev. Samuel Hayes, 184, 219,
339; published works of, 220. Mrs.
Samuel Hayes, 352, 467. Sarah E.
(Dresser), 219. Sophia (Flint), 221.
Sophia (Smith). 220. William C, 220,
402. William Cowper, 219. William
H., 777. Street, 49.
Ellis: Anne (Greenleaf). 199. Benjamin,
181. Charles E., 586. Frances L.
(Russell), 291. George, 328. Grindall
R., 211, 287, 291, 310, 338. 341, 347.
Harry. 743. Helen E. (Blake), 291, 310.
James W., 778. Janette (Clark), 287,
291. John, 64, 162, 181. O. H., 6.36.
Rev. Rufus, 310, 311. Simpson, 162,
181. Sumner, D. D., 658. Susan
(Whitney), 211, 291. Thomas, 52, 199.
William, 52, 328. William T., 777.
Elm Corners, 109.
Elmer: Daniel, 17. Edward S., 776. Heze-
kiah, 17. James P., 828. Lieu-
tenant James P., 828. ■ Lorenzo, 769,
776. Lucien A., 693. Lula (Wright),
828. Raymond S., 828. Stella C.
(Elmer) (Mrs. James P.), 827, 828.
Vinnie May (Richardson), 475, 693.
Elmore: Cecilia Louisa (Deacon), 915.
Herbert Frederick Hay, 915. Maud
Arvilla Jane (Haskins), 915.
Emerson: Hon. A. L., of Portland, Me.,
547. Elbridge, 765, 775. Frank H.,
770, 776. George, 168. George B.,
662. George W., tavern of, 327, 375.
Harr>- L., 884, 885. Helen M.
. (Adams), 703. Prof. L. O., 880.
Martha (Bales), 987. Mary (Brooks),
547. Maud Lenore (Fitts), 987. Lieu-
tenant Rufus, 765, 775. Sumner B.,
703, 987.
Emerton, Daniel, 30.
Emmettsburg, Md., 627.
Emmons: Harriet M. (Conant), 446. John
W., 446.
English. Rev. John, 442.
Equi%-alent Lands, 6, 7, 8.
Erfurt, Germany, 564.
Ericke, a Danish chief, 680.
Erie. Pa., 629.
Essex County: N. J., 196. N. Y., 677.
Esterbrook: Ada (Dowley), 474. Adaline
A. (Thayer), 474. Ann E. (Marshall),
474.591. Ann G. (Childs). 933. Ben-
jamin, 181. Betsey (Gladden), 474.
Charlotte (Bullock). 474. Cynthia J.
(Tilden). 475. Daniel S.. 474. 591,
673. Dorothy M. (Fessenden), 474.
Edith. 674. Ella C. (Wetherell)
(Shumway), 674. Emily S. (Gane),
475. George W., 475, 848, 849, 850, 933.
Harriet E. (Cortis), 475. Major James.
473. 474, 670. James H., 387, 474, 603.
James H. and W. H., 474. Julia A.
(Childs), 933. Maria (Pratt), 474.
Mary A. (Houghton), 474. Mary A.
(Richardson). 475, 693. Nancy (Ja-
cobs), 474. Nancy A. (French), 474.
Nancy A. (Goddard), 475. Oscar D.,
474, 591. 672. 673. 889. Polly (Stew-
art), 473, 474, 670. Rosannah (Haile),
1058
INDEX
473. Sergeant Thomas, 153. Warren,
153, 181, 4,73. Deacon William H.,
3S7, 474, 693, 873.
Esterbrooks, C. F., 876.
Esterhazy: Count, 581. Countess, 581.
Estey: Abby E. (Fuller), 6.35, 873, 910.
Allethaire, 639. AUethaire (Chase),
501, 639. & Company, 891. Desde-
mona (Wood), 451, 635, 910. Emily
(Hall), 636. Emily J. (Hines), 409,
635. Florence (Gray) (Mrs. J. J.),
186, 453, 637, 6.38, 871, 873. Guard, the
638. 878, 879. Guy Carpenter, 638.
Hall, 910. Isaac, 631. Israel B., 454.
Jacob, 409. 440, 441, 450, 453, 454, 598,
629, 631-635, 653, 675, 865, 867, 871,
891, 910; & Company, 629, 632, 637,
845, 847, 851, 861. Jacob Poor, 638.
James F., 328, 450, 479, 636, 701.
James R., 778, 780. J. Gray, 637, 638,
639, 867, 878, 879. J. Harry, 501, 638,
639, 879; residence of, 507. Joseph
Gray, 638. General Julius J.. 453, 455,
574. 5S7, 629, 6.33-638, 867, 874, 878,
879,882,887, 889, 891, 896, 934. Manu-
facturing Company, 637. Mattie H.
(Poor), 638. Organ Company, the,
628, 629, 634, 636-638, 676, 850, 860,
915. Patty (Forbes), 631. Paul, 639.
Piano Company, the, 637, 638.
Esteyville, 38.
Eureka, Nev., 956.
Eustis : Howard M., 809, J. B., 574. Wil-
liam, 253.
Eutaw, Ala., 487.
Evans: Eleanor J. Stokes, 685. Elizabeth
W. Cope (Goodhue), 685. Imry, 181.
John Wistar, 685. Oliver, 111, 162.
& Son, 636. Widow, 179, 181. Wil-
liam, 162, 181.
Evanston. 111., 751.
Evarts, Hon. William M., 675, 7'24, 787.
Everett : Edward, lecture by, 399. Mr. 290.
Pa., 743.
Evings, Nelson D,. 328.
Exeter. N. H., 744.
Eyer, Mi-s. 593.
Fairbanks: C. B., 847, 849. Emeline
(Dickerman), 209. Eunice (Green-
leaf), 197. Governor Horace, 637, 687,
730. Leland, 209. Polly Crosby, 209.
Fairfax Court House, Va., 772, 813, 819.
Fairfield: Alvin D., 776. Conn., 137-139.
J. W., 897.
Fair Haven, Vt., 856, 857, 958.
Fairibault, Minn., 746.
Fales: L. A., 460. L. H., 889.
Falmouth (now Portland, Me.), 254.
Farmer's Museum, The; or The New
Hampshire and Vermont Journal, 240.
263, 284.
Farmington, Conn., 240, 276, 675.
Farnham : Canada, 141, 148. Hon. Ros-
well, 799.
Farnsworth : Eleazer, 288, 442. Hiram,
402. Joseph, Commander General, 127.
Land, 434. Mary A. (Sawyer), 288.
Nellie M. (Brown), 485.
Farr: A., 586. Augusta, 566. Charles R.,
778. Captain Dennie W., 397, 768,
775, 779. Elizabeth L. (Day), 566.
Frank H., 633. Lovell, 353, 376, 439,
444, 457, 567, 598, 603. Lucia (Mrs.
Lovell), 566. Lucia T. (Nitchie), 566.
Mary (Brown) (Dunton) (Mrs. Den-
nie W.), 397, 787. Robert, 566. Sid-
ney H., 606, 902.
Farragut, Commodore, 802, 810.
Farrar, Addie M. (French), 422.
Farwell: Dr. James A., 454, 455. J. H.,
362.
Faulkner: Alice H. (Starr) (Mrs. W. A.),
871, 945. Lillian (Leonard), 945.
Miranda (Greene), 945. Shepherd D.,
945. William A., 867, 945, 974.
Fay: Rev. Charles, 647. Rev. Dr., 272.
Dr. Jonas, 112, 121.
Fayettevjlle, 622, 674.
Federal: Building, the, 187, 207, 499'.
Gala.yy, The, 194. Street Theatre, the,
Boston, 256.
Feeding Hills, Mass., 862, 863, 920.
Felchville. Vt., 764.
Felton: & Cheney, 505, 852. Frederick B.,
765. Welcome, 505. Mrs. Welcome,
620.
Fenner: Dean, Jr., 478. Mary J. (Frost),
478.'
Fenton: E. J., 885. Joseph, 614.
Ferguson, Miss L. S., 666.
Ferrand, Andrew, 181.
Ferrisburg, Vt., 825.
Ferriter: Eugene, 614. Luke, 773, 774, 776.
Ferry: Charles N., 777. The old, 22.
Fessenden : Ann Elizabeth (Judson), 239.
Dorothy M. (Esterbrook), 474. Edson,
184, 247. Elizabeth Porter, 240. Ellen
C. (Blake), 2.38. Eliza, 402. Family.
236. General Franklin Holbrook, 238,
239, 326, 340, 354, 371. 441, 467, 493.
494, 596, 605. Frederick Holbrook,
239. Guy M., 339. Harriet Augusta
(Clinton), 239. Henrietta A. (Smith),
INDEX
1059
239, 494. James Craig, 239. Jane
R. S. (Wright), 239. Jane Wells
(Clark), 240, 462. John, 347, 348.
John P., 339. Joseph, 232, 234, 235,
238, 239, 312, 322, 338, 400, 425, 465.
Joseph, 240. Mary Chester (Borden),
239. Nancy (Cowles), 239. Parson,
135. Mrs. Patty (Holbrook) (Mrs.
William), 235-237, 318, 322, 342, 352,
357, 462, 467, 523, 641. Sarah E.
(Allen), 237, 523. Senator, of Maine,
581. Mrs. Sibbel L. (Holbrook) (Mrs.
Joseph), 235, 238, 322, 352, 357, 462.
Solomon, 474. Sophia W., 238, 462, 620.
Thomas Green. 236, 240-244 ; published
works of, 241, 242, 244; tribute to by
Nathaniel Hawthorne, 244. Rev.
Thomas K., 236. Thomas Kendall, 239.
Rev. Thomas R., 239. William, 221,
232, 234-238, 243, 245, 301, 312-314,
318, 320, 338, 342, 348, 379, 380, 488;
imprints by, 238, 243. William, 30.
William Alfred, 240. Rev. William
W., 237, 340, 350. W. W., 184.
Field : Asa S., 454, 485, 627. Barnet, 164.
Bennet, 181. Hon. Charles K., 49, 751.
Charles K., 504, 751-753, 794, 839, 869,
913, 916, 947, 962. Charles K., 753.
Hon. Daniel. 751. David Dudley, 972.
D. Elmira (Stebbins), 314. Elihu, Jr.,
332, 333. Eugene, 507, 751. Frances
(Reed), 751. George, 627. Henry,
607. Henry K., 189, 753. Israel, 48,
53. 70, 73, 163, 169. John, 167 ; family
of, 1009. John, 751. Joseph Nash,
203. Julia A. (Kellogg), 752, 753.
Julia K. (Jewett), 753. Kate, 753.
Kate, 830. Kate L. (Daniels), 753.
Kitty (Parker), 583. Marshall, 203.
Martha Jeannette (Hayes), 203. Mar-
tin. 753. General Martin, 333, 710,
751. Mary (Willard), 753. Rev.
Moses, 449, 451, 454. Osgood, 583.
Reuben, 73, 103. Roswell M., 537,
751. Mrs. Roswell, 507. Captain
Samuel, 153. Sarah R., 451. & Tyler.
752. Willard, 753. William, 234.
Zechariah, 751.
Fields, the, 752.
Fife, Royall 0., 764.
Fillmore, President, 686.
Filsen, Mrs. Anna S., 901.
Finn: Archibald, 664. Caroline, 581, 583.
Myra (Miles), 581, 583, 664.
First Bridge across the Connecticut, the,
186, 187.
First Marriage Record, the, 91.
First Ministerial Association, Covenant of,
80.
Fish : Lieutenant Experience, 127. Josiah,
112; Captain Josiah's Company, 127.
Fisher: Bathsheba, 51. Ebenezer, 43, 51,
53, 55, 71, 73, 88, 89, 123, 162, 177,
181, 1000; the Fisher Family, 1000.
Ezra, 776. Ezra E., 50, 51, 624, 777.
Florence J. (Howe), 657. Frances O.
(Stedman), 624. Mrs. George, 874.
& Haven, 210. Jane L. (Kellogg), 711.
Judson, 658. Mr. and Mrs. L. M., 876.
Noah, 339. Oscar A., 777. Roscoe,
776. Stanford M., 777. Victor, 711.
William H., 778.
Fisher's, Ebenezer, 41, 73, 74, 168.
Fishkill, N. Y., 146.
Fisk : & Cheney's Canadian Express, 815.
Frank D., 679. Isaiah, 181. James,
211, 556, 557, 604, 607, 815, 874.
James, Jr., 556-559, 604, 748, Julia
(Allen), 523. Love Crowl (Ryan)
(Ball), 557, 558, 815. Lucy D.
(Moore), 558. Mary (Minna G.)
(Hooker) (Mrs. G. W.), 557, 558, 815,
871. Mary (Chapman), '211. Judge
Nathan, of Westminster, 127. Pliny,
211. Samuel, 556. Sergeant Sylvanus,
128. Wilbur, 523. Rev. Dr. Wilbur,
1015.
Fitch: Alvira (Bliss), 316. Betsey (Har-
ris), 190. Florence (Stockton), 316.
James Russell, 316. Laura. 316. Mary
(Clark), 317, 4S5. Mary E. (Weather-
head), 485. Polly (Tinker), 316.
Rosetta (Roosevelt), 316. Dr. Russell,
190, 316, 485. Russell, Jr., 316.
Fitchburg, Mass., 395, 609, 633, 691, 701,
732, 881, 934.
Fitts: Abbie (Twitchell), 986, 987. Clarke
C, 986-990. Florence A., 987. Har-
riet H. (Lyon), 987. Mary Elizabeth
(Nes), 987. Mary F., 937. Maud
Lenore (Emerson), 987. Miriam, 987.
Osmer, 986. Osmer Oarke. 987.
Phyllis (Lang), 987. Robert Lyon,
987. Stanley Clarke. 987.
Fitzgibbon, Georgette (Folsom) (Mrs.
Francis), 745.
Fitz-Randolph, Blossom (White), 860.
Fitzwilliam, N. H.. 485.
Flail, The, 246, 419.
Flatbush, N. Y., 435.
Flagg's Band, 611, 614.
Fletcher: General, of Townshend, 129.
Helen M., 460. Jacob, 30. John, 17.
Joseph W., 776. Rev. L. J., 387.
lOCO
INDEX
Samuel, Lieutenant, 64; Captain, 112;
General, 126. Sybil Lavinia (Bar-
rows), 917.
Flint: Alvin, 327, 340. Annie E. (Steen),
246. E. E., 246. Captain Elisha, of
Brookline, 221. Ethel, 246. Mich.,
694. Sophia (Elliot), 221.
Floodwood Company, the, 64, 324.
Florence : Italy, 665, 720, 721. Academy of
Fine Arts, 721.
Floyd : Colonel, 134. Governor, 676.
Flye, Laura J. (Steen), 246.
Flynn, Patrick, 778.
Foley, Helen A. (Mairs), 464.
Follen, Karl, 564.
Folsom: Arthur, B. A., 190, 660. Ethelred
F., 745. Frances E. H. (Fuller), 589,
745. Georgette (Fitzgibbon), 745. Hon.
George W., 581, 584, 589, 648, 649,
744-746, 839, 895 ; house of, 597 ; pub-
lications of, 744. George \V., Jr., 648,
745. George Winthrop, 745. Helen
S. (Satterlee), 745. Helen Stuyvesant,
584, 648, 745. J. Constantine (Bige-
low), 745. Margaret Cornelia (Win-
throp), 648, 744, 745. Margaret Win-
throp, 745. Marguerite (Haight), 745.
Maud (Voorhees), 745. William Ful-
ler, 745. Winifred (Delafield), 745.
Foote, Senator, 686.
Forbes: Abigail (Baker), 202. Hannah L.
(Hayes), 202. Moses, 202.
Forbush: Charles W., 778. George H.,
778, 780.
Ford : Purshi, 450. Rev. William, 887.
Forman, Eleanor (Brooks), 547.
Fort: Brady, 798. Brown, 799. Ogle-
thorpe, Ga., 977.
Fortress Monroe, Va.. 547, 761, 782, 799.
Forward: Charles, 593. Jennie S. (Char-
lier), 593.
Foss, Louise Woodworth, 830.
Foster: Ann Abigail (Eaton), 451, 970,
Annie S. (Eaton), 950. E. A.. 8.50
Fanny (Elliot), 217. George E., 885
Joseph. 625, 626. Rev. Joseph Coggin
442, 449. 451. 452, 970. Julia (Apple-
ton), 970. Julia Ann (Gould), 451
Mary (French), 936. Phoebe (Reeve)
79. Reverend, 349. Samuel G., in-
ventor of "pulp dresser," 312. 5
Thayer, 625, 626. William, 765, 775
William Eaton, 451, 970. William H,
765.
Foulsham : England, 744. John, 744.
Fountain, Father, 651.
Fowler: Fidelia, 403. Franklin, 327.
George, 403, 586. Henrietta P.
(Thomas), 408. John, 325, 340.
Fox: Ebenezer, 181. George E., 619, 884,
885. Martin L., 765. Ruth (Adams),
703.
Foxboro, Mass., 209, 210.
Fraisure, Rual, 328.
Framingham, Mass., 10, 261-263, 272, 690;
South Framingham, 527.
Francis: Asenath (Marshall), 578, 868.
Eleanor C. (Van Amringe), 578. Mary
B. (Duclos), 582. Parker B., 433, 577,
578, .582, 591.
Franklin: College, Ga., 291. Daniel S.,
764, 775. General, 787. George A.,
762, 764, 775, 780. Lieutenant Henry
L., 762, 764, 775. Luanna (Thorn),
694. Philip, 876.
Franks: F. H., 848. Frederick F., 376.
442, 471, 595, 603.
Frazer, Daniel, 73, 163, 177, 181.
Frazier, Robert W., 387.
Frederick, Fort, 18.
Fredericksburg, Va., 779.
Fredonia, N. Y., 640.
Freeman: A. H., 422, 937. Mrs. A. H.,
937. Emma H. (French). 422. Geor-
gianna (Mondan), 937, 938. J., 325.
Rev. Joseph, 449, 454.
Freme: John R., 99, 319. Mrs. Martjia A.
(Wells), 95, 99, 319. 389, 391.
Fremont: John C, 530. Ohio, 203-205,
220.
French: Addie M. (Farrar), 422. Asa,
161, 181, 338, 936. Asa, Jr., 340.
Benjamin. 30. Chester, 340, 936. Ed-
ward, M.D., 436. Emma H. (Free-
man), 422. Foster F., 936. Freeman
Lee, 413. 422. George. 421. H. C,
850. Helen M. (Gulliver), 936. Jesse,
161, 178, 338. Jesse, Jr., 161. John,
63, 181. Joseph, 30. Lester G.. 413,
414, 422. Marcy, 936. Mary (Foster),
936. Mary B., 9.36. Mary J. (Morse),
9,36. Mary L. (Deane), 413, 422.
Nancy A. (Esterbrook), 474. Nathan-
iel, 21, 104-107, 161, 181, 936, 999; the
French Family, 999. Nathaniel, Jr.,
64, 106. Olin L., 420-422, 854, 857,
870, 871, 937. Polly (Cobleigh). 936.
Sampson, 30. Samuel, 30, 328. Silas,
421. Sophia S. (Doolittle),- 936, &
Stedman, 420. Sylvia, 422. Mrs. Syl-
via (Dutton), 506. Sylvia (Gray),
421. William, 21, 105-107, 135, 530,
936.
Friederich, Adolph, 846.
INDEX
1061
Fries, Wolf, 644.
Frost: Annie (Hall), 479. Asa, 181.
Charles C, 324, 339, 403, 442, 476-478,
596, 840. Dr. Charles P., 354, 629,
817-819, 874, 912. Charles S., 478,
601. Daniel, 181. Ebenezer, 161.
Edmund, 1002; descendants of, 1002.
Edmund, 1014. Edna M. (Marcy),
480. Edward D., 476, 480. Edward
G., 479, 480, 555. Edward Murray,
480. Edward W., 500. Edwin B., 819.
Elizabeth, 479. Elizabeth (French),
106. Elizabeth (Stewart), 476.
Eliza P. (Dubois), 819. Emily S.
(Ormsbee), 476. Emma S. (Minor),
479. Eugene, 476, 845, 848. Family,
the, 391, 475-480. Fanny, 402. Fanny
E. (Dwinell), 476, 499. Farm, 43.
Flora A. (Proctor), 478. Oilman D.,
819. & Goodhue, 478, 479, 860. Har-
riet E. (Wilcutt), 480. Helen C. (Milt-
more), 476. Helen M. (Dudley), 476.
Henry B. S., 479. Henry J., 339, 476,
478. Herbarium, 478. James, 183, 347,
475-480. Captain Jerry, 324. Jesse, 43,
51, 52, 64, 106, 161, 177, 181, 339. Jesse,
Jr., 181. Jessie B. (Davis), 480. Joanna,
51. John R., 480. John W., 387, 401,
476, 479, 49S, 683, 860; & Company,
479. 852. Joseph, 51. Kathleen \V.
(Thompson), 480. Love A. (Goodell),
480. Lydia (Root), 476. Mary Ryan,
479. Mary Elizabeth (Harvey), 480.
Mary J. (Fenner), 478. & Proctor, 479.
Raymond M., 480. Roxanna (Sargent),
478. Ruth (Callahan), 480. Samuel,
338. Sophronia J. (Butler), 476.
Stuart Eugene, 480. Wells S., 404,
476, 478, 845, 848. Captain Willard,
324, 339, 442, 476, 845. Mrs. Willard,
462. William, 339. Zenas, 64.
Frothingham : Elinor Gertrude (Meyer),
589. Rev. Frederick, 392, 532, 868.
Margaret (Fuller), 589. Rev. Octa-
vius Brooks. 829. Samuel, 589. Wil-
liam, 589.
Frust, Louis, 333, 334.
Fuel, Allen, 339.
Fulham (Dummerston), Vt., 27, 33, 48,
118, 156.
Fuller: Abby E. (Estey) (Mrs. Levi K.),
454, 635, 873, 910. Amanda (Tyler),
279. Battery, the, 879, 910. Cornelia
(Devens), 588, 871. Dr. Edward, 909.
Emily R. (Hayes), 589. Florence
(Whistler), 589. Frances (Folsom),
589, 745. Frances E. (Hastings), 581,
588. George E., 328, 450. George W.,
454. Rev. Hart, of Ellenville, N. Y.,
418. Captain John, 127. Joseph, 161,
181. Julian, 589. Levi K., 617, 6.33-635,
817, 840, 850, 861, 870-872, 879, 882,
888, 889-891, 903, 909-911, 964. Lu-
cinda, 909. Margaret (Crane), 588.
Margaret, Countess d'OsSoli, 584, 588.
Margaret F. (Frothingham), 589.
Ruth (Sawyer), 418. Samuel, 909.
Timothy, 588. Washington, 909. Wil-
liam H., 581, 588, 745. William H.,
589. William H., Secretary of Y. M.
C. A., 418.
Fullerton, Emma Maria (Childs), 934.
Fulton, Mrs. Annie E., 897.
Funkstown, Md., 767.
Gage: General, 27, 131. D. A., 677.
Gaines: Fannie C. (Crosby), 698. Wil-
liam, 696, 697, 698.
Gainesville, Fla., 939.
Gale: Miss Agnes D., 871. Charles, 778.
Charles D.. 437, 438. Charles E., 438.
F. C, 890. Dr. George F., 624, 770,
774, 809, 811, 817, 818, 869, 871, 874, 884.
George Frederick, 818. Hannah (Hol-
land), 817. Harriet M. (Moore), 438.
Isaac, 181. Jesse, 817. John W., 438.
Martha Clara (Miss Clara M.), 809,
818, 872. Mary Holland (Briggs),
818. Rebecca (Wells), 107, 137. Sam-
uel, 56, 91, 105, 118, 130, 132, 137-141 ;
publications of, 141. Vesta Richards
(Orcutt) (Mrs. G. F.), 818, 872.
Galena, 111., 439.
Galesburg, 111., 504.
Gallipolis, Ohio, 499, 501.
Galloway, Isabel (Bradley), 732.
Gambadella, Signor, 723.
Gambier, Ohio, 204.
Gammage, William, 30.
Gane : Emily S. (Esterbrook), 475. Henry
A., 475. Maria Elizabeth (Button)
(Jones), 475.
Gardening, 322-323.
Gardiner, Robert H., 569.
Gardner: Abner, 177, 181. Chaplain An-
drew, 17, 19. Andrew, Jr., 17. Dis-
trict Attorney Asa Bird, 815. School,
the. New York City, 690.
Garvey, , 649.
Gaskell, Hattie (Price), 286.
Gates : Lieutenant Daniel, 128. J. S., 406.
Gaudelet : Alfred, 501. Harriet Hooper
(Chase), 501. Howard, 501. Louise
A. Amory, 501. William, 501.
1062
INDEX
Gaut: Ellen (Greenleaf), 199. Joseph Rus-
sell, B.A., 190. J. R., 199.
Gay, Rev. Bunker, 48, 91, 212.
Geddis, W. R., 246, 705 ; store of, 697.
General: Merchandise Store, the, 300; ad-
vertisement of contents, 301. The-
ological Seminary, the, 682.
Geneva: Switzerland, 726. University of,
990.
Geneva-Loritz, University of, 739.
George: Henry, 901. I, 7, 15. II, 20, 27,
28, 30. Ill, 31, 107. William S., 362.
Washington University, law depart-
ment of, 455.
Georgia College, 189.
Germantown, Pa., 685.
Gerome, M., 970, 971.
Gerry, Elbridge, 253.
Gettysburg, Pa., 624, 811, 964.
Gevaris, Henry, 778.
Gibbonsville, N. €., 543.
Gibbs: Almon B., 773, 778. Elijah, 776.
Giddings, Dr., 427.
Gilbert, Dr. Daniel, 317, 340.
Gilkey: Calma W. (Howe), 709. Rev.
James Gordon, 709.
Gill : Anna, 342. Frances L., 450. Harvey,
439. Mass., 171. Obadiah, 153. Rich-
ard, 187, 338, 450. Sarah, 450. Sarah
E., 450. Sophia, 450.
Gilmore : Addison, 510. George C., 153.
Gilson, Edward P., 765, 775, 779.
Gladden: Betsey (Esterbrook), 474. Mar-
tha Roberts, 474. Nancy H., 450.
Royal, 474.
Gleason : C. J., 753. Ezra, 327. F. B., 889.
Lieutenant Francis A., 764, 775, 779.
Glebe, the, 75, 77.
Glen House, the, West Brattleboro, 168.
Glennington, Jonathan, 339.
Glens Falls, N. Y., 957.
Glidden: Alice (Shea), 955. Charles Eras-
tus, 955. Elizabeth (McGreevy), 955.
Gloucester: Mass., 213, 216, 957. County,
63, 66.
Glover: Henry, 506. Vt., 421, 422.
Goddard : Moses, 181. Nancy A. (Ester-
brook), 475.
Godfrey: H. R., 334, 412. Lucy N. (New-
man), 412.
Goff: Dorcas, 357. Mrs. Dorcas, 467.
Fanny, 468.
Gold: Benjamin, 52. Nathan, 52.
Golding, Hon. C. N., 830.
Golding's Farm, 782.
Goodale, Joseph, 181.
Goodell : David, 437, 480, 603, 886. David,
480. Mrs. David, 820. Gorham B.,
480. Gorham Lane, 480. Love A.
(Frost), 480. Maverette S. (Ballard),
480.
Goodenough : Alonzo, 387, 586. Charlany,
450. Dwight, 876, 889; farm of, 291.
Mrs. Dwight, 876. Electa (Clark),
229. Elizabeth (Greenleaf), 200. Eu-
nice (Clark), 229. James K., 200.
Jonathan, 82, 85, 123, 162, 177, 178,
181, 229. Levi, 385, 1003; distillery of,
370; Family, the, 1003, 1004. Mills,
the, 169. Roswell, 168, 387; Captain
Roswell, 325. Russell, 441. Rev. S.,
658. Sally (Clark), 230. S. F., 442.
Captain Simpson, 325. Mr. and Mrs.
T. P., 876.
Goodenow, Levi, 181.
Goodnow, Pearson & Hunt, 595, 673.
Goodhue : Bertram Grosvenor, architect,
492, 838; published works of, 492. &
Blake, 302. Chapin & Company, 441.
Charles W., 492. Edward, 493. Eliza-
beth, 685. Elizabeth W. (Evans), 685.
Ellen B. (Van Kleeck), 684. Frances
B.,492. Francis, 307-309. Francis, Jr.,
208, 229, 232-234, 299, 304, 306, 309,
312, 328, 338, 341, 363, 366, 370, 371,
376, 378, 390, 400, 401, 405, 461, 488,
489, 608. Colonel Francis II, 308, 328,
479, 548, 608, 643, 653, 683, 685, 728,
762, 770, 849, 865, 871, 880, 882, 895.
Francis, Jr., 685. Francis III, 685.
Grove, the, 405, 443, 537. Hannah
(Dane), 307. Harriet S. (Holbrook),
361, 362, 462, 468, 489, 789, 795, 796.
Harry Eldredge, 492. Helen Grosve-
nor (Eldredge), 492. Hugh G., 492.
Colonel Joseph, 308, 309, 326, 338, 353,
378, 405, 432, 457, 488, 489, 599, 603,
604, 683, 789. Dr. Josiah, 188. Julia
(Walters), 404, 492. Laura A. (Bar-
nard) (Mrs. Wells), 462, 491. Lucy
(Blake), 308-310. Lucy (Wells), 308.
Lucy B. (Draper), 492. Lucy W.
(Hall), 489. Lydia T. (Bryant), 492.
Margaret, 685. Mary, 357, 457. Mary
Ann B. (Cune), 489; bequest of, 463.
Mary Brooks, 685. Mary E. (Brooks),
489, 548, 596, 621, 684. Mary Louise
(Wright) (Mrs. Harry E.), 492. PoUy
(Brown) (Mrs. Francis), 307, 309,
319. Sarah (Edwards) (Mrs. Joseph),
357, 432, 467, 468, 488, 683. Sarah F.
(Bull) (Chapin), 432, 468, 489; be-
quests of, 490. Wells, 185, 189, 235,
308, 309, 323, 339, 350, 354, 367, 405,
INDEX
1063
411, 434, 457, 491, 492, 600, 604, 620;
farm of, 597; house of, 596. Wells
II, 493. William, 307. Wistar Evans,
685.
Goodrich : David, 708. George W., 387,
498, 708. H. A., 811. Lucinda Wells
(Harris) (Newton), 708. Salome
(Wheeler), 708. W. B., 859.
Gordon, W. E., 884, 885.
Gore : Christopher, 252, 253. Ezekiel, 409.
Frances J. (Whitney), 211. John, 211,
407, 640, 641. Maria L. (Brown), 409.
Sarah (Hines), 409. William, 762,
765, 775.
Gorton: Benjamin, 71, 73, 103, 105, 106,
107, 111, 161, 181. Jonathan, 130.
Goss, William, 53.
Gosse, Edmund, 980.
Gossler & Company, 588.
Gotha, Germany, 664.
Gough : John, 463. John B., lecture by,
398, 829.
Gould: Adelaide (Streeter), 506. Cor-
poral Benjamin, 88, 153, 163, 181.
Charles L., 765, 776. Charles S., 764,
765, 775. Adjutant George W., 774.
Jay, 558, 748. John, 181. Julia Ann
(Foster), 451. Nathan, 164, 181.
Robert, 506. William, 73, 340.
"Governor's Farm," the, 135, 197.
Gow : Alvah Hovey, 958. Arthur Coleman,
938. Dorothy, 958. Eliphalet, 956.
Ellen (Gow), 957. Rev. Dr. George
B., 452, 453, 869, 870, 956, 957. George
Coleman, 958. Dr. John Russell, 938.
John Russell, Jr., 958. Harriet L.
(Hovey), 958. Lucy Ann (Marston),
957. Lucy Augusta (Chase), 958.
Rosa Howes (Bevins), 938. Serena
Merrill Russell, 956. Virginia M., 957.
Graefenburg, Austria, 563-566.
Grafton: Mass., 557. Vt., 499, 946.
Graham, Mr., of Northampton, 612.
Granby, Mass., 202.
Grand Army Hall, 471.
Grand Rapids, Mich., 704.
Grandy, George W., 652.
Granger, Samuel, of Fairlee, 304.
Grant : Charles H., 335. ' General U. S.,
786; President, 795, 910, 952.
Gratoit, Fort, Mich., 249.
Grau, Dr. Charles W., 441, 569-571, 576,
622.
Graves: Albert A., 776. Albert L., 765.
Rev. Anson R., 676. Brothers, 626.
David W., 676. Eliot V., 676. Emily
(Collins), 950. Frederick D., 676.
Gertrude, 676. Henry D., 776. Rev.
Joseph M., 448. Margaret (Bennett),
676. Mary Totten (Watrous), 676.
Paul, 676. Willard R., 776.
Gray: Dr. Charles A., 819. Eliza
(Ketchum), 819. Elizabeth S. (Blake),
311. Florence (Estey), 637, 871, 873.
Fred S., 777. Henry, 959. Dr. Henry
C, 638, 819. James F., 777. Joan,
638. John H., 566, 567, 574. John H.,
777. Joseph, 421. Dr. Joseph, 638.
Katharine (Houghton) (Pratt), 673.
Louise (Manley), 501. Lucy (Martin),
959. Matthew, 638. N. Y., 107. Sam-
uel C, 311. Sylvia (French), 421.
William, 673. W. S., 501.
Great: Barrington, Mass., 541, 915. Falls,
the, 11, 13. River Road, the, 37.
Greeley : Col. 989. Horace, 566, 829, 955 ;
lecture by, 398.
Green: Asa, 171, 216, 234, 290, 332,
338, 347, 371, 550. Daniel S., 778.
Electa (Willard), 290, 357. Francis
T., 434. H. P., 628, 632, 860, 861.
John, 109. Rev. John B., 393, 869,
870.
Greene: Addie Esther (Root), 820. Ains-
worth, 822. Anna, 822. Miss Anna,
828. Annie N. (Spencer), 821. Amos,
820. Asa, 821. Bessie M. (Paul), 820.
Charles W., 821. Dorothy, 822. Edith
(Aldrich), 821. Ellen M. (Hunt). 821.
Frederick, 822. Rev. Frederick W.,
822. George, 821. George E., 694,
820, 821. Gertrude, 821. Harriet, 821.
Dr. Harry Paul, 821 Hepsibah (Hoff-
man), 820. Lily (Waters), 822. Louis,
821. Louis D., 354, 821. Mary Minot
(Ainsworth) (Mrs. Admiral), 620, 821.
Raymond Louis, 821. Theodore, 822.
Commodore Theodore P., 291, 604,
821, 822, 840. Walter, 822.
Greenacre, Me., 717.
Green Bay, Wis., 250.
Green Dragon Tavern, the, Boston, 7.
Greenfield, Mass., 197, 233, 376, 392, 399,
414, 422, 438, 439, 471, 482, 487, 504,
522, 541, 573, 576, 611, 612, 616, 619,
620, 655, 663, 668, 695, 697, 849, 915,
920, 942, 946, 964, 992.
Greenleaf : Anna Sargent, 197. Anne
(Ellis), 199. Dr. Christopher, 200.
Cynthia (Ryan), 197. Daniel, 181,
199. Dr. Daniel, 197. Dimmis
(Nash), 199. Elizabeth (Goode-
nough), 200. Ellen (Gaut), 199.
Emory, 199. Eunice (Dickson), 199.
1064
INDEX
Eunice Elvira (Stevens), 199. Eunice
(Fairbanks), 197. Gratia (Houghton),
199. Halbert Stevens, 199, 658. Hul-
dah (Hopkins), 199. J., 331. Jere-
miah, 199 ; published works of, 199.
Lydia (Miller), 199. Malcolm Cyprian,
199. Samuel, 81, 177, 181. Sarah, 199.
Sarah (Weatherhead), 199. Silence
(Marsh), 197. Stephen, 197. Stephen,
39-42, 73, 74, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90,
96, 109, 110, 115, 122, 123, 134, 135,
153, 162, 167, 177, 178, 181, 197, 557.
Stephen, Jr., 73, 88, 163, 181, 198,
199, 441, 479, 508; portrait of, 198;
published works of, 198. Stephen HI,
199. Stephen Scollay, 199. Tabitha
(Dickinson), 200. Thomas Benton,
199. Thomas Sargent, 199.
Green Mountain Boys, the, 59, 107, 120.
Greenough, Frances Boott, 581.
Green River: Mass., 6. Utah, 682.
Green Street, 186, 290.
Greenwich : Conn., 413. Mass., 249.
Greenwood, Rev. F. W. P., 511.
Gregg: Dr. J. W., 870, 912. Louis A.. 460.
Gregory & Frost, 479.
Griffin: James, 775. John, 71, 105, 106,
115, 162.
Griffiths, Gertrude (Chapin), 502.
Grinnell : Richards Bradley, 732. Susan
(Bradley), 732.
Griswold, Theodore, 305.
Groton Academy, 690.
Groton: Conn., 445, 448. Mass., 16, 157,
395, 485, 617, 691.
Grout: Abel, 163, 181. Annie L„ 660, 920,
921. Azubah (Dunklee), 918. Clarina,
677. Gilbert, 403. Henry M.,A.B., 190,
660. Isaac, 628. Deacon John, 918.
John M., 921. Rev. Lewis, 189, 870,
918-922. Lydia (Bates), 919, 920.
Martha, 677. Mary, 921. Sarah (Her-
rick), 921. General W. W., 814.
Grout's Corners, 439.
Guernsey, Samuel, 181.
Guild : Miss Frances E., 902. William S.,
440.
Guildhall, Vt., 89.
Guilford, Vt. : 6. 8, 11, 37, 41, 52, 63, 69,
. 70, 71, 102, 104, 109, 111, 113, 116,
118, 124-128, 136, 143, 148, 151-153,
156, 161, 167, 171, 179, 189, 192, 199,
213, 216, 229, 260-265, 267, 271, 272,
275, 282, 283, 314, 332, 368, 385, 406,
409, 448, 482, 490, 500, 504, 601, 623.
641, 646, 647, 771, 797, 798, 805, 807,
810, 811, 833, 837, 865, 877, 907, 912,
924, 973 ; Center, 944 ; East, 646. "In-
habitants of, the," 104.
Gulliver: Helen M. (French), 936. Lemuel,
936.
Gumbell, James, 339.
Guptil, Nathaniel, 707.
Gurowski, Count, 580.
Gustin, Edward, 186.
Hackley & Moran, 853.
Hadley : Abigail, 451. Amanda, 450.
Benjamin, 51. Family, the, 1005,
1006. Ebenezer, 51, 71, 73, 123,
161, 181. Farm, the, 473. George, 51.
Hannibal, 467, 486, 507; house of,
597. H. H., 586. Jacob, 181. Jesse,
161, 177, 181. John, 178. Marion W.,
178, 450. Mass., 71, 110, 200, 201, 493,
753, 797, 940.
Hager: John, 162. Widow, 179, 181.
Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia,
j 546.
Haigh, William T., 878, 879.
I Haight: Mary J. W. (Rockwell), 935. Mrs.
t Sidney (Marguerite Folsom), 745.
i Hail, Mr., 163.
[ Haile, Rosannah (Esterbrook), 473.
I Haldiman, General Frederick, 132.
Hale, William B., 602, 603, 686.
Haley: Charles O., 776. John H., 776.
Halifax: Nova Scotia, 27, 574. Vt, 42,
67, 103, 104, 124-127, 151, 156, 159,
168, 171, 179, 184, 327, 385, 422, 448,
504, 640, 764; "the inhabitants of,"
104.
Hall: Bishop A. C. A., 925. Addison B.,
403, 499, 732, 750. Addison B., 751.
Agnes Randall (Tomes), 750. Alfred
A., 333. Anna (O'Connor) (Powers),
749. Annie (Frost), 479. Bradley &
Company, 732, 750. & Bradley, 505.
Mrs. C. C, 620. Charles E., 776.
Chauncey A., M.D., 489. & Cornell,
7'>0. Edna (de Jotemps), 750. Emma
(Harris), 192. Family, the, 391. Fan-
nie (Pullen), 750. & Fessenden, 239,
371, 372. Francis Holmes, 750. Fred
W., 885. Gardner C, 207, 299, 308,
3.38, 376, 389, 390, 400, 401, 419, 479,
498, 499, 507, 547, 600, 613, 707, 748,
897. George Chandler, 499, 732, 748-
750, 764, 886. Dr. George H., 83, 173,
177, 186. 207, 280, 322. George W.,
207. 235, 301, 338. Helen M., 207.
Henry Leavitt. 499. Hiland, 444, 687.
Hortense A., 455, Jane (Foster), 750.
J. Edward, 455. Jennie M. (Dodge),
INDEX
1065
499. Jerusha (Burge), 89. John
Leavitt, 499, 732, 750, 751. Josephine
(Lyons), 455. Josiah, 181. Julia
(Tomes) (McLeod), 751. Julia Ann
(Leavitt), 207, 498. Katherine Cecilia
(Swifs), 751. Lucy W. (Goodhue),
489. Margaret (Burnett), 750. Mar-
vin, 328. Miss Nancy, 281. Philip,
3.39, 400, 401. Rena M., 455, Sarah
(Bigelow), 207. Sarah (Cowenhoen),
751. Sarah (Holbrook) (Coale), 207,
235. & Townsley, 304, 437, 442, 479,
498, 507, 897. Warren, 328. William,
499. Judge William, 479. William,
Jr., 181, 366. William A., 988. Wil-
liam Fred, 339. William M., of Mon-
treal, 192.
"Hall's long building," 171, 441.
Hallady, Daniel, 715.
Halle, Germany, 574.
Hallock, Rev. Mr., 205.
Hallowell, Mass., 815.
Halpin, Rev. Joseph, 650.
Halpine, Major E. G. ("Private Miles
O'Reilly," 580.
Ham, Luther A., 644.
Hamburg, Germany, 588.
Hamden, Conn., 922.
Hamilton : Canada 'West, 647. Cornelia
(Noyes), 248. Dr. Fremont, 245, 912.
Mrs. Fremont, 462. John G., 248.
Rev. William J., 648.
Hammon, Aaron C, 339.
Hammond : Abel, 937. N. B., 777. Rhoda
(Joy), 937. Sarah (Thompson), 441.
Hampshire, England, 137.
Hampton, Va., 762, 799.
Hampton Academy, N. H., 191, 192.
Hampton Institute, Va., 239, 276, 544.
Hampton Roads, Va., 799, 924.
Hanco.K: James, 92. Jane (Wells), 91, 92.
Hannibal, Mo., 513. ■
Hannon, Thomas, 850.
Hanover: College, 190. Germany, 566.
N. H., 184, 185, 370.
Hapgood place, the, 49.
Hardie: Amy Sigourney (Stone), 973.
Frances Whiting (Hyde), 503, 970.
Katherine R. (Cullcfm), 973. Major
Robert G., 503, 771, 777, 970. Robert
Gordon, 973. Robert Gordon, Jr., 503,
840, 878, 970-973.
Harding: Alpheus, 413. Ella M. (New-
man), 413. Mass., 436. Rev. Mr.,
417.
Hardwick: Mass.,- 932. Vt., 950.
Harlowe: E. W., 850, 876. Mrs. E. W.,
872.
Harmony Building, 698.
Harper: Rev. Andrew D., 648. James,
592.
Harper's Ferry, 770, 771.
Harrington: Mrs., 447. Samuel, 765.
Harris: Abbie A. M. (Daggett), 689.
Abiah (Brooks), 190. Abigail
(Chapin), 285, Abner, 685. Anna
L. (Brooks), 708. Arthur, 685. Aus-
tin A., 765. Bessy H., 193. Betsey
(Fitch), 190. Betsey (Newton), 706,
707. Brothers & Company, 687, 689.
Broughton D., 235, 420, 476, 602. 603,
635, 685-689, 853, 861, 866, 873, 887,
896, 90S. C, 81. Calvin, 85, 181.
Charles, 402. Charles A., 689, 866,
885. Rev. Charles C, 192. Charles
Gilbert, 193. Charles H., 776. Chief
Justice of the Hawaiian Islands, 523.
Rev. Charles Clarke, 647. Daniel, 159.
David, 88. D. L., 674. Ellen A. (Alex-
ander), 689. Ellen H. (Allen) (Tif-
fany) (Patterson), 523. Emily War-
ren (Coe), 689. Emma (Hall), 192.
Erastus, 689. Evelyn, 689. Ezra, 178.
Frank W., 689, 860, 861, 865. Mrs.
Fred, 874. Frederick H., 689. Fred
H., 689. George, 285. George F., 688.
Georgietta (Golden), 193. Gertrude,
193. Cordis D., 688. Guy, 193. Har-
riet (Davis), 685. Harvey W., 689.
Henry, 607. Hervey C, 176. James,
181. Jane A. (Warren), 689. Joshua,
162, 181, 190. Lizzie (Morris), 689.
Lucinda Wells (Goodrich) (Newton),
708. Mabel, 193. Madame, 620. Mary
(Stone), 689. Mary Buell (Wood),
688. Mary F. (Harris), 192. Mary
Gale (Hill), 192. Mary J. (Walker),
685. Matilda (Leavitt), 191. Rev. M.
H., 388. Mrs. M. H., 874. Mildred,
689. M. L., 54. Mrs., 588. Noyes,
708. Oliver, 52, 70, 71, 73, 162,
181. Oliver, Jr., 52, 73. Place, 89.
Rev. Roswell, 189, 190, 647, 668. Sala-
thiel, 154, 162. Sarah Buell (Hollis-
ter) (Mrs. B. D.), 460, 462, 686-689,
871. Thomas, 285. Thomas, Jr., 285.
Umphia, 328. Valentine, 85, 87, 162,
177, 181. Welman, 181. Wilder, 685.
William, 43, 81, 123, 154, 161, 162,
164, 169, 177, 181, 190. William, Jr..
162, 190, 652. Rev. Dr. William J.,
192. William Leavitt. 192.
1066
INDEX
Harris-Hayes Center, 166-168.
Harrisburg, Pa., 783.
Harrison: Clara A. (Davenport), 931.
Elizabeth E.. (Wells), 706. Rev. E.
Stacy, 892, 931. Jared E., 706. Dr.
and Mrs. J. East, 931. President, 934.
Hart: Almira (Lincoln) (Phelps), 661,
798, 806, 807. Emma (Willard), 806.
Lydia (Hinsdale), 806. Samuel, 806.
Hartford, Conn.: 6, 89, 95, 99, 100, 136,
175, 184, 185, 196, 230, 228, 233, 236,
246, 275, 277, 279, 280, 285, 287, 291,
302-306, 310, 370, 426, 429, 436, 437,
438, 481, 490, 498, 500, 553, 578, 582,
640, 646, 715, 736, 751, 753, 806. 885,
945, 966. Phoenix Bank of, the, 234.
Theological Seminary, 484, 738, 739,
822.
Hartland, Vt., 20, 746, 747.
Hartshorn, W. N., 842.
Harvard University : Cambridge, Mass., 27,
95, 252, 311, 394, 413, 423, 483, 501.
540, 542, 543, 548, 549, 551, 552, 574,
589, 627, 709, 712, 727, 729, 731, 732,
744, 745, 753, 901, 916, 953, 972,
979. Divinity School, 394, 549, 729,
956. Law School, 204, 709, 713, 731,
810, 950, 987. Lawrence Scientific
School, 410. Medical School, 285, 311,
397, 574.
Harvey: Colonel C. R., of Woodbridge, N.
J., 219. Elmira, 450. John C, 480.
Marcia L. (Elliot), 219. Mary Eliza-
beth (Frost), 480. Captain Moses,
153. & Whitney, 865.
Haserick : Alice (Wesselhoeft), 524.
Arthur A., 524.
Hasey, Abner, 30.
Haskins : Amelia (Ward), 913, 915. Asaph,
913, 915. & Davis, 915. Ellen (Yeaw),
915. Esther M. (Childs), 913, 915.
Dr. Frank E., 915. Hiland, 850, 915.
Horace, 658. Colonel Kittredge, 28, 335,
336, 648, 690, 787, 849, 902, 913-915.
931, 947. Maud Arvilla Jane (El-
more), 915. Minnie (Stickney), 915.
Hastings: A. B., 882. Betsey, 357. Mrs.
E., 874. Horace, 327, 334, 826. James,
670. John H., 339. Maria C. (Pratt),
670. Thomas, 30.
Haswell: Anthony, 170, 171, 236. & Com-
pany, 221. & Russell, 225.
Hatch, Alonzo, 454.
Hatfield, Mass., 10, 200, 751.
Haven : Ebenezer, 128. Harriet M. (Dick-
erman), 210. Joel Mills, 210, 355.
Nathaniel, 181.
Haverford, Pa., College, 969.
Haverhill, Mass., 230.
Hawes (Haws), Ebenezer, 73, 88, 161, 164,
177, 181.
Haws's, Ebenezer, 48.
Hawkins: Daniel, Jr., 186. Rush C, 806.
Stephen, 186.
Hawley : Charles T., 455. Frances M. (Mc-
Knight) (Mrs. N. I.), 462, 941. Grace
(Dunham), 941. Isaac, 940. Jessie
L., 455. General J. S., 830, 887. Laura
K. (Taft), 455. Deacon Luther W.,
455, 862, 880, 891. Luther W., Jr.,
455. N. I., 871, 882, 889, 992. Persis
(Ball), 940. Ruth M. (Morse), 942.
Hawthorne : Mrs. 464. Nathaniel, 242,
244, 550. Una, 550.
Hay, John, 722.
Hayden, Jessie Duncan (Wiggin), 413.
Hayes (Hays) : Abigail (Robbins), 202.
Arabella. 203. Augustus A., 589.
Chloe (Smith), 55, 166, 167, 200, 201.
Clarissa (Moody), 202. Daniel, 200.
Emily (Alvord) (Turner), 589. Emily
R. (Fuller), 589. Ezekiel, 200. Eze-
kiel II, 248. Fanny (Smith), 202.
Fanny Arabella, 203. Francis B., 729.
George, 200. Hannah L. (Forbes),
202. Harriet (Trowbridge) (Patton),
206. House, the, 75. H. S.,665. Dr. 1. 1.,
830. Joanna S. (Noyes), 248. Linda
(Pease) (Elliot), 202, 219. Lorenzo,
203. Lucy Ware (Webb), 205, 895.
Mary Ann (Bigelow), 189, 202. Mary
E., 667. Mary E. (Cobb), 665, 666.
Mary (Mead), 201. Martha (Billins),
203. Martha Jeannette (Field), 203.
Nino K. (Hunt) (Taintor), 729. Polly
(Noyes), 201. Rebecca (Russell), 200.
Rhoda (Moody), 202. Russell, 87. 96,
168, 176, 202. Rutherford, 55, 68, 82,
83, 85, 88, 90, 145, 154, 166-169, 177,
181, 189, 200-204, 219, 248. Ruther-
ford Birchard, 203-205, 634, 895, 952,
962. Rutherford, Jr., 202-203. Sam-
uel, 248. Sarah (Bancroft), 202.
Sophia, 203. Sophia (Birchard), 203,
204. Tavern, the, 55, 166. . William
R., 189, 202, 205, 206, 339, 371, 400,
659. & Woodard, 605.
Hayne Controversy, the, 289.
Haynes: Edward W., 776. Louisa C.
(Davenport), 931.
Haywood: Jeremiah E., 410. Joseph, 1011.
Leon, 410. Mary Brown, 410. Mary
L. (Cutler), 410. Lieutenant N. E.,
775. Walter, 410.
INDEX
1067
Heaphy, T. J., 895.
Hebron Academy, 9il.
Heidelberg, Germany, University of, 664.
Heinemann & Balestier, 980, 981.
Heinicke, Mr., 644.
Henfel, Henrietta (Hines), 410.
Henkel, Charles, 557.
Henking: Alice S. (Dwinell), 499. Paul,
500.
Henry: Hugh, 440. Captain Lewis, 325;
Colonel Lewis, 326. Patrick, 96. Wil-
liam, 906, 907.
Henschel, Carroll (Conland), 949.
Heppe, H. Ernst, 577.
Hering, Konstantin, 566.
Herney: James M., 777. John, 776.
Herrick : Chester G., 328. Christine (Ter-
hune) "Marion Harland," 682. Daniel
L., 335. Rev. David Scudder, 682.
Elizabeth H. (Crosby), 681. Emily,
681. Emily J. (Martin), 682. Farm,
the, 109, 167. Henry, 680. Henry,
682. Rev. James, 680-682. James
Frederick, 681-682. Jonathan, 52, 71,
73, 88, 163, 167, 177, 181, 209, 507, 680.
Joseph, 52, 680. Dr. Joseph T., 682.
Julia (Allen), 523. Lucinda, 450.
Lucinda (Dickerman), 209. Lydia
(Eastman), 680, 681. Mary E. (Dunk-
lee), 682. Mary P. (Miller), 508.
Melinda (Coughland),- 507. Minnie
E. (Hunt), 820. Nathaniel, 680.
Ralph, 405. Sarah (Grout), 921.
Seth, 507; confession of, 175. Seth
N., 507, 702, 866, 921. William, 229.
Sir William, 680. William H., 682.
& Wyman, 698.
Herschel, William, 229.
Hescock: Rinaldo, 434, 764, 775, 850.
Warren A., 777.
Hesse-Cassel, Duke of, 570, 571.
Heustis & Burnap, 557.
Hewlett, S. M., 829.
Heywood : Charles, 629. George, 629.
John, 434.
Hicks : E. L., 882. John, 30.
Higbee, Luther E., 861.
Higgins: C. L., 882. J., 178. Lewis S.,
415, 585, 850.
Higginson: Anna Storrow, 548, 549, 838,
868; tribute to, from Dr. Walker,
552, 553. Eliza Channing, 549, 551,
871. Family, the, 391, 397. Francis,
548, 549. Francis John, M.D., 290,
442. 548-552, 581. 620, 895. John, 549.
Louisa, 549, 550. Louisa (Cabot),
549, 550, 551. Louisa (Storrow) (Ma-
dame Higginson), 548, 550, 552, 620.
Margaret, 549. Mary (Davies), 548.
Mary Elizabeth (Channing), 549.
Mary (Thacher), 549. Stephen, 548.
Stephen, Jr., 548, 549. Susan (Chan-
ning) (Mrs. Francis J.), 549, 581.
Susan Louisa Channing, 548. Thomas
Wentworth, 548, 549, 550, 743, 838.
Waldo, 548.
High School Association, the, 234.
High Street, 41, 186, 187.
Higley, George E., 454, 891.
Hildreth: Alphonso, 328. Austin O., 778.
Edwin L., 857. E. L. & Company, 857.
& Fales, 857. Reuben G., 339.
Hill: Ann (Thomas), 408. Doctor, 390.
Frederick S., 208. George, 775. Mary
Gale (Harris), 192. Mary Welland
(Blake), 208. Professor, 662. Thomas,
486.
Hills, L H., 340.
HiUsboro : 111., 285, 898. N. H., 506.
Hillyer: Anna (Howe), 657. Mrs. Belle
(Hines), 410.
Hilton, Martha, 109.
Hines: Alonzo H., 584, 585. Amy J., 410.
Arnold J., 410. Colonel Arnold J.,
187, 233, 325, 326, 387, 409, 410, 411,
463, 612, 849. Bertha M. (Brackett),
410, 986. Elvira, 450. Emily J.
(Estey), 409. F. W., 884. George A.,
410, 849, 870, 904, 986. Hannah (Joy),
584. Henrietta (Henfel) (Mrs. George
A.), 410, 986. H. Marie (Kenney),
410. Isaac, 340, 409, 450, 454, 584,
627, 843, 865. Isaac & Company, 627,
632. John, 409. Julia A. (Wilder),
410. Laura (Streeter), 409. Lydia,
409. Maria L. (Brown), 409. Mary
J. (Cutler), 410. Mila Ann (Barrett),
409, 411. & Newman, 233, 407, 411,
595, 641, 716. Newman, & Company,
314, 407, 410, 441. Sarah (Arnold),
409, 411. Sarah (Gore), 409. Sarah
A. (Morrill), 410. Thomas, 233, 409,
411. William, of Rhode Island, 409.
William II, 409. William III, 409.
Hinesburg, 409.
Hinghara, Mass., j207, 744.
Hinsdale: Elisha, 39, 60. N. H., 3, 4, 16,
20, 37, 48, 91, 102, 113, 116-118, 159,
179, 186, 188, 207, 212, 266, 284, 303,
305, 306, 316, 329, 386, 408, 411, 424,
433, 439, 585, 631, 635, 819, 856, 857;
North, 19, 21. Territory of, occupied
by Pocumtucks and Squakheags, 3.
Hinsdell: Abigail (Williams), 12. Rev.
1068
INDEX
Ebenezer, 12, 16. Lieutenant Meheu-
man, 12.
Hinsdell's: Fort, 16, 19, 22. Mill, 16.
Hitchcock: D. C, 613. President, 655.
Professor, 830.
Hitt, George B., 959, 969.
Hoadley, James A., 335.
Hoar: Betsey Wright, 671. Caroline, 403.
Caroline P. (Pratt), 671. Edmund,
671.
Hobs, Jonathan, 52.
Hobbs: Captain, 19. Jonathan, 164.
Hobb's, 102.
Hodge, Captain Isaac, 152.
Hodgkins, M. O., 850.
Hodson, John, 333.
Hoffman: Helen (Draper), 683. Samuel,
647.
Hog Island, Pa., 978.
Hoit: David, 39, 60. Ellen (Holton), 931.
Mary Damon (Chandler), 931. The-
ophilus, 864, 931.
Holbrook: Alice (Patton), 795. Anna
(Nourse), 795, 977. Anna M. (Chal-
mers), 810. Ann L. (Clark), 497.
Cabot & Daly, 743, 978. Cabot &
Rollins, 743, 978. Rev. Chalmers, 810.
& Company, 417. Cynthia S. (Tuttle),
497. Eliza, 235. Emerline F. (Arm-
strong), 795. & Fessenden, 234, 245,
246, 312, 313, 415, 496. F. F. & Com-
pany, 795. Franklin, 235. Franklin
Fessenden, 773, 795, 886, 977. Gover-
nor Frederick, 184, 235, 274, 324, 340,
350, 354, 357, 363, 427, 433, 443, 457,
465, 489, ,523, 600, 601, 604, 616, 644,
645, 684, 769, 773, 783, 788-796, 804,
820, 871, 880, 886, 992. Frederick II, 795,
977-979. Frederick Cabot, 979. George,
459. Mrs. George W., 462. Grace
(Cabot), 978, 979. Grace Ware, 979.
Harriet S. (Goodhue) (Mrs. Fred-
erick), 361, 362, 462, 468, 489, 789,
795, 796. Harry, 795. & Horsford,
301. James E., 765, 775. John, 795.
Deacon John, 171, 185, 186, 207,
229, 232-236, 238, 289, 292, 299, 307,
312, 313, 322, 323, 338, 342, 343, 347,
350, 351, 354, 363, 364, 367, 368, 371,
400, 401, 405, 409, 420, 424, 427, 459,
461, 463, 611, 696, 788, 789, 796; fund
of, 462; house of, 322, 323, 596, 597;
paper mill, 370; publications of, 313;
store of, 2.33. Rev. John C, 185, 234,
235, 313, 339, 349, 354, 355, 419, 424,
425, 427, 495-497, 611; published
works of, 498. Lucinda (Bennett),
235, 357. Lucy, 978. Margaret
(Clark), 810. Marion Goodhue, 810.
Patty (Fessenden), 234, 235, 236, 237,
342, 357, 523. Percy, 795. & Porter,
233. Rachel (Morton), 810. Resi-
dence, 234. Richard Knowlton, 810.
Sarah (Hall) (Coale), 207, 235, 322,
337. Sarah (Knowlton) (Mrs. John)
(Mrs. Sally), 232, 235, 236, 342, 350,
351, 352, 357, 467, 834; fund, 462;
letter from, 350, 351. Sophia K., 235,
357. Sybil, "Sibbel," Lane (Fessen-
den), 235, 238, 322, 357. Colonel Wil-
liam C, 768, 769, 770, 774, 795, 809,
810, 977.
Holden : Austin, 328. F. H. & Company,
821. J. H., 847. & Martin, 961. Mass.,
43, 154. William, 86, 181.
Holderness School, Plymouth, N. H., 492.
Holding, Frank H., 777, 845, 878.
Holland : B., 376. H., 163. J. G., lecture
by, 399. N., 376.
HoUender, Henkel & Stellman, 862.
Hollister: Annie W. (Stephens), 688.
Buell, 688. Edwin M., 313, 440, 688.
George, 688. Gracia (Buell), 468, 688.
Helen (Maynard), 688. Henry H.,
688. Henry H., 688. Louise, 688.
Louise (Howell), 688. Mary (Pease).
688. Phoebe M. (Conklin), 688
Sarah Buell (Harris), 686, 687, 688,
689.
HoUoway: Alice (Howe), 657. Dorothea,
657. Edward Howe, 657. E. E., 657.
Holman: Dr. F. A., 283, 376. F. J., 890.
Frederick B., 775. Julia (Chapin),
283. Sophie, 285.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, lecture by, 829.
Holton: D., 178. Edith (Sherman), 931.
Elihu Dwight, 928. Ellen (Hoit), 931.
Dr. Henry D., 367, 453, 863, 864, 870-
873, 905, 912, 928-931, 948. Lewis,
339. Nancy, 450. Nancy (Grout),
928. Roswell. 339. William, 163, 177,
181.
Holyoke : Captain, 5. Mass., 566, 614, 693,
832.
Homer: Academy, 941. N. Y., 496, 497,
940, 941.
Hone, Philip, 581.
Honolulu, H. I., 523, 923.
Hooker: Abby, 815. Anna Maud (Essex),
815. Building, 471. Corser & Mitchell
Overall Company, 815, 866, 961. E. P.,
190. Esther (White), 812. Colonel
George W., 537, 597, 644, 768, 812-
815, 866, 871, 882,887,889,890. House,
INDEX
lOGfJ
111. James Fisk, 557, 815. James |
Fisk, 815. Katherine, 815. Mary
(Minna G.) (Fisk) (Mrs. George W.),
557, 558, 815, 871, 872. Minna, 815.
Mr., of Hinsdale, 212. Samuel, 812.
Seth, 186. Thomas, 736. 738.
Hopkins : Academy, Hadley, Mass., 495.
Carl S., 876. Dickinson & Company,
505. Grammar School, New Haven,
Conn., 742, 965, 975. Henry, 704.
Right Rev. Henry, 646, 647. Henry
W., 775. Huldah (Greenleaf), 199.
J. Alonzo, 505. Jeremiah, 73, 162, 181.
Jolin, 177, 181. Laura (Butterfield),
704. Laura Butterfield, 704. Dr.
Mark, 497, 788, 789. Mary C. (Stew-
art), 705. Roswell, 188. Weston, 704.
Weston, 704. William Alonzo, 704.
Hopkinton, N. H., 841.
Hornblower : Emily (Williamson), 581.
Mrs. Isaac H., 581.
Home, James D., 828.
Hornell, N. Y., 690.
Horsemonden, Kent, England, 713.
Horsford, Aaron, 171.
Horton : Carrie (Thorn), 694. Dr. Charles
W., 624, 852. Deacon, 88. E. S., 876.
G. B., 876. Mary (Tyler), 280. Miss
Mary E., 872. Nehemiah, 163.
Hosford. Ralph. 660, 666, 667.
Hosley. Wayland N., 776.
Hosmer, Rev. George W., 390.
Hotchkiss, Elihu, 154, 407.
Hough, Olive (Lord), 376.
Houghtaling. Lelia (Aldis), 713.
Houghton: Anna F. (Waite), 677. Asa,
229. & Blake. 491. Captain, place of,
172. Colonel, 768. David, 73, 172.
Edward. Ill, 284. Emma F., 491.
F. H., 884, 885. F. L., 858. Florence
Mabel, 491. Frank. 882. Freedom
(Clark) (Pitman), 230. Gratia (Green-
leaf), 199. Harriet B. (Blake). 208.
Harvey, 387, 474. Henry F., 491.
Hiram, 111, 181, 230. 281. & Hunt,
944. James, 111. 181, 208. James S.,
776. John. 43, 71, 73, 103, 109, 110,
162, 169, 181. Joseph, 647. Katharine
(Pratt) (Gray), 673. & Keuch, 491.
Laura (Smith) (Mrs. Henry F.), 462,
491. Major C, 889. Maria Jane
(Westcott), 491. Mary A. (Ester-
brook), 474. Messrs., of Guilford. 264.
Nehemiah, 181. Peter, 162, 181, 236.
Philemon, 181. Phineas, 181. Rev.
Roy M„ 462. Samuel B., 673. Silas,
71, 73. & Snow, 491. Warren V.. 764.
William. 162.
Housh: Mrs. Esther T., 8.58. Frank E.,
858 ; & Company, 858, 8o9.
Hovey: Rev. Alvah, 958. E. P., 503.
Eliza P. (Hyde), 503. Harriet L.
(Gow), 958.
Howard: Albert M., 777. Anna Holyoke
(Cutts), 746. Ariel, 776. A. Trumbull,
746. Cecil H. C, 747, 859; publica-
tions of, 747. Chapin, 380. Clarissa
I. (Nichols) (Carpenter), 380, 381.
Delia E. (Martin). 961. Effie Mae
(Bartley). 747. Ehvyn. 747. &
Emerson, 390. Fort. Wis.. 249. Helen
(Marsh), 679. Lieutenant James G.,
775. James W., 776. 779. John, 19.
John, the philanthropist, 91. Lewis,
961. Luther, 338. Marjorie, 679.
Mary (King), 747. Mrs.. 828. Paul-
ine, 679. Captain S. E., 679, 770.
T. A., 403. William E., 776.
Howe (How) : Alice (HoUoway), 657.
Alice (Shea), 657. Anna (Hillyer),
657. Artemas, 68, 154, 163, 181. Cap-
tain Artemas, 123, 154, 163, 164.
Caleb. 15, 325, 70S. Caleb Lysander.
654-657, 880, 991. Calma W. (Gil-
key), 709. C. L. & Son. 655. Oifford
B., 709. Cynthia (Sherman"), 656.
David, 163. Ebenezer, 325. 600. Hon-
orable Ebenezer. Jr.. 70S. Edmund P..
765. Florence J. (Fisher). 657. Flor-
ence (Thompson), 416. Frank S., 709.
Fred, 657. Honorable George, 15,
708, 709. 714, 908. George E., 709.
George Wright, 709. Haughwort, 593.
Henry M., 709. Janette A., 657. 828,
872. Jemima, 22. John C. 550. 655-
657, 776, S90. Jonathan C, 849.
Joseph. 163. 181. Julia Ward, 567, 569.
L. M., 850, 869, 872. Lucien, 657, 840,
991. Mrs. L. W.. 871. Marie Van
Dyke (Chariier) (Brown"). 593. Mar-
tha, 657. Martha B. (Simonds). 657.
Mary, 404. Mary Ann (Willard), 709,
714. Mary L. (Lavin) (Burton). 15,
657, 840, 991. 992. Captain Moses.
708. Nathan B., 778. Nathan S., 335.
Nathan Sherman. 655, 656. Nelly
(Wright), 709. Dr. Samuel, 567.
Stanley S„ 657.
Howe's, Squire, 264.
Howell: Ella Ridgway (Chariier). 593.
Louise (Hollister), 6SS. Thomas,
M.D., 436.
1070
INDEX
Howells: Abby (White). 543. Elinor
Gertrude (Mead), 543, 720, 839. John
Mead, 543. John Mead, Jr., 543. Mil-
dred, 543. William Dean, 201, 543,
581, 720-722, 839. William W., 543.
Winifred, 543.
Howes, Derflea (Collins), 950.
Howland: Elizabeth B., 594. Meredith.
581. Mrs. Richard G., 581, 593, 594.
Howze, Ebenezer, 71.
Hoy: Erwin, 927. Mabel (Brooks), 927.
Hoyt : B. F., 882. Gustavus, 934. Rev.
H. Chester, 418. Irene (Plimpton),
418. John, 627.
Hubbard: Betsey (Van Doom), 485. Chel-
sea W., 820. C. Horace, 832. 'Ellen
(Hunt), 820. George W., residence
of, 15. Henry, 306. Isaac, 304.
James, 21. 22. Jonathan H., 304. La-
vinia (Bond), 820. Lucius, 751. Mar-
jory H. (Atwood), 820. Dr. Thomas,
429. Walter E., 335, 421. William.
403.
Hudson: Mrs. Franklin (Annie L. Hines),
410. John, 338. N. Y., 897.
Hull: A. Cooke, M.D., 967. Doctor, 196.
Harriet Hill, 967. Mary (Day), 967.
Humphrey, John, 111.
Hunnewell, F., 581.
Hunt: Anna (Marsh), 289, 424, 525. Arad.
188, 289. 405, 414; General Arad, 342,
459, 465, 819. Arad. 820. Catherine
C. (Howland), 727. Catherine How-
land (Hunt), 728. Clyde du Vernet,
729. E., 287. Ebenezer, Jr., 342.
Elinor M. (Diedrich), 725. Ellen
(Hubbard), 820. Ellen M. (Greene),
821. Elisha, 288. Enid (Slater), 725.
Esther (Woolsey), 728. Family, the,
391. Frances . V. (Morris), 289.
Frank L., 636. 821, 865. Frederick,
362. Helen (.\llen), 523. Helen
(Jackson), 580. 583. Herbert L., 728.
House, the, 207, 319, 443. Jane, 290,
723, 724. Jar%-is, 729. Colonel John,
771, 819, 820, 866. Dr. Jonathan,
290. Honorable Jonathan, 289, 290,
299, 319, 326, 338, 347, 368, 906, 907;
house of, 597. Lieutenant-Governor
Jonathan, 5, 288, 424; Major, 110, 122,
126. Jonathan, Jr., 366, 367. Mrs.
Jonathan. 319, 498. Joseph Howland,
728. KatherineL. (Jarvis). 728. Lavinia
(Swan). 289. Lavinia S. (Tyler), 2S9,
414. Colonel Leavitt, 290, 319, 723,
724, 728, 729 ; company of, 664. Lea-
vitt J., Jr., 729. Leonora (Johnson).
819. Leonora (Richardson), 693, 820,
872. Livingston, 728. Louise (Cole-
man), 729. Louise Dumaresq (Per-
kins), 724. Louise Piatt (Dickey),
729. Mabel C. (Slater), 725. Mar-
garet Livingston (Watrous), 727.
Maria J. (Leavitt), 289. Maud Dacre
(Patterson), 729. Mazie N. (La
Shelle), 728. Minnie E. (Herrick),
820. Morris, 725. Nino K. (Hayes)
(Taintor), 729. Pearl (Carley), 727.
Richard Howland, 727. Richard Mor-
ris, 290, 319, 648, 726, 838, 907. Ros-
well, 289, 376, 407, 411, 620. Sally
(Newell), 819. Samuel, 288. 289.
Samuel S., 584. Miss Sarah, 661. S.
L., 865. Virginia Sowers (Redfield),
729. William Morris, 290, 319, 723-
726, 729, 838, 907.
Hunter: & Company, 856. Miss Mary F.,
667.
Huntington : Bishop. 495. Rev. Dan, 495.
Katherine L. (Brooks), 548. Quebec,
634.
Huntley, Henry H., 769, 776.
Hurlburt: Dr. A. M., 548. Isabel (Brooks),
548.
Huss, John, 729.
Hutchins, Rev. Titus, of Westmoreland.
190.
Hutchinson: Eleanor (Wesselhoeft). 574.
Elisha. of Massachusetts, 6. Family,
the, 830. Governor, 251. Percy, 574.
Hyde: Amelia (Whitney). 211, 646. An-
gelina, 403. Angeline B. (Bucking-
ham), 504. Caroline M., 450. Dr.
Dana, of Guilford, 264, 500. Dana,
Jr., 333. Elihu, 162. Eliza, 390, 403,
503, 504. Eliza P. (Hovey), 503.
Family, the, 391. Frances Whiting
(Hardie), 503. Gratia (Chase), 500.
& Hardie, 503 ; manufactory of, 598.
John, 503. John II, 503. Josephine,
504, 828. Julia D. (Whiting), 503.
Lieutenant J. Warren, 504, 774, 779,
780. Mary Ann (Chittenden), 403,
503. William. 503, 780.
Hyde Park: Mass.. 456. Vt.. 854.
Ide: Ira, 303. Simeon, 379.
Ilion, N. Y., 682.
Illman, Rev. T. W., 38S.
Independent Freeholder and Republican
Journal, The. 236.
Independent Inquirer, The, 419.
Indian, chiefs, 4, 5, 10, 14; relics, 4;
Treaty, 14; tribes, 3, 5, 10, 14, 15.
INDEX
1071
Indians, the, 10-12, 15, 16, IS, 32, 67.
Indianapolis, Ind., 6:j7.
Indian Pond, 663.
Industries, 860-866.
Ingersoll, Elinor (Thorn), 694.
Inman, H. L., 833.
Insurance, the First, 371.
Invitation to a Boat Race, an, 579.
Iowa College, 496, 497.
Ipswich : Mass., 307. N. H., 380.
Ireland, Anna (Balestier), 590.
Irving-on-Hudson, 500.
Irvington, N. Y., 478.
Isles of Shoals, 725.
Islington, London, England, 915.
Ives: Mrs. Emma J., 668, 669. Kenneth,
669. Philip, 669. Ralph, 669.
Jackson: General Andrew, 710, 746, 933.
Elizabeth A. (Thorn), 694. Elizabeth
Cabot (Putnam), 551. Helen Hunt.
580, 583. Dr. James C, 570. Micael,
109.
Jacksonville : Colo., 409. Fla., 316, 632. Vt.,
584, 944.
Jacob, Stephen, 267, 268.
Jacobs: Clark, 176, 469. J. E., 455. Nancy
(Esterbrook), 474. Wesley, 474.
Jacciuith, Elijah, 327, 328.
Jaffrey, N. H., 285, 625, 822.
Jamaica, Vt, 136, 179, 418, 585, 679, 812.
945, 946, 959, 962. 964, 969 ; depot, IS.
Jamaica Plain, Mass., 261, 589.
James: Henry, 722, 980. Theodore, 339.
T. P., 855, 856, 893.
Jamestown, N. Y., 219.
Janes, Doctor, 704.
Janesville, Wis., 817.
Jarvis: Katherine L. (Hunt), 728. Mary
Pepperell Sparhawk (Cutts), 728,746.
Honorable William (Consul), 307, 728,
729, 746.
Jay: John, 119. Treaty, the, 27.
Jefferson : Medical College, Philadelphia,
942. Thomas, 319.
Jefts. George H., 895.
Jena, Germany, 564, 570, 574.
Jenkins: John, 770, 776. Rev. William
Lincoln, 310, 392.
Jenks, Bromer, 159.
Jenne : Benjamin R., 372, 769. Clarence
F. R., 372, 882.
Jerome: Augustus S., 500; bequest of, 500.
Eliza Isham, 500. William T., 916.
Jethro, Peter, 5.
Jewell: Governor Marshall. 814. Minerva
(Jones), 627. Walter, 626.
Jewett: Dr. Charles, 829. Delia P. (Ry-
ther), 422. Edward, 73. Colonel Eli-
sha P., 753. Julia K. (Field), 753.
Ruth Payne (Burgess), 753.
Johannot, Peter, 42.
Johns Hopkins University, 976, 990.
Johnson: Abigail (Willard), 21. Andrew,
816. Daniel, 71, 73. David, 482.
Elizabeth (Spencer), 438. James, 21.
Judge, 675. L. J., 850. Margaret
(Kathan) (Moor), 32, 33, 48. Moses,
48. Porter, 332. S. C, 460. Susan
(Clark), 482.
Johnson's Gore, 179.
Johnston, General Albert Sidney, 799.
Jones: Abigail (Blake), 207, 208, 280, 309,
508. Abigail (Sargent), 17. Agnes
(Balestier), 590. Alice Whitney, 211.
Amy, 450. Austin K., 627. Benson,
451, 454. Betsey (Crosby), 696. &
Burdett, 626. 865. Carpenter & Wood,
627. C. K., 882. Clarissa, 451. Judge
Daniel, of Hinsdale, 207, 266, 280.
Eleanor W., 211. Ellen Hyde, 211.
Fred Whitney, 211. George, 489.
Harriet E. (Fowler), 628. Harvey,
280. Hosea, 850. Income, 154, 450.
Israel, 159. J. A., 882. James, 882.
James Brewer, 211. James Newhall,
211. Jerome, 475. Joseph L., 626,
628, 847, 850. Laban. 696. Lena A.
(Newhall), 211. Lucy F. (Whitney),
211. Maria E. (Gane), (Dutton), 475.
Mary (Chapin). 2S4. 318, Mary Wells,
211. McDuffie & Stratton. 475. Min-
erva (Jewell), 627. Oliver. 154.
Robert G., 777. Sally (Merriam), 625.
Samuel H., 625-628. Seth. 169. S. H.
& Company, 636. Honorable Thomas,
145. V. O., 505. William. 162, 625.
William F., 211. William H., 652.
Jordan : David Starr, 753. Henry F., 462.
Marsh & Company, 557, 558, 860.
Josselyn, Harvey, of Bridgwater, Mass.,
193.
Joy: Abel. 1000. Allin. 338. Captain
Alonzo, 375, 849, Elias, 159. Hannah
(Hines), 584. Hiram, 375. Isaac, 136.
John. 850. John M.. 162. 411. 772,
777. Joseph, 159. Rhoda (Hammond),
937. Sabra (Knight), 136. Samuel
S., 937. Sarah Elizabeth ("Sally Joy
White"). 583, 584, 937.
Judah, Mrs., 954.
Judge, Thomas, 598.
I Judges : County Court. 1024. Probate, Dis-
1072
INDEX
trict of Marlboro, 1023. 1024. United
States District Court, 1035.
Judson: Ann E. (Fessenden), 239.
Charles E., 239.
Kaine, Mrs. John, Sr., 6.50.
Kalakaua, King, 923.
Kales, Frances (Bradley), 732.
Kane: Doctor, 580. Pine, the, 41.
Kanke & Frost, 478.
Kansas: Emigration to, 381. City, Mo.,
410, 722.
Kathan : Lieutenant-Colonel Charles, 126.
D. \V., 370. Captain John. 33. Mar-
garet (Moor) (Johnson), 32, 33, 48.
Martha (Moor), 33. Mary (Sargent),
33.
Keables, Elisha L., 762, 764. 765, 775, 779.
Keeler : Janette (Elliot), 220. Marion, of
Fremont, Ohio, 220.
Keene. N. H.. 19, 185, 209, 317, 379, 392,
395-397, 423, 438, 443, 635, 636, 688,
849, 869, 881, 937.
Keep; Rosanne (Day), 967. Robert P.,
967.
Keith, Johnet, 340.
Kelley (Kelly) : Alexander, 328. Mrs. Eli-
zabeth (Stearns), 228. John, 777.
Michael, 777, 780.
Kellogg: Aaron, 777. Annah R. (Drew),
753. Judge Daniel, 280, 427, 428, 600,
644, 648, 709-712, 751, 839, 895, 903.
Mrs. Daniel, 839. Daniel, Jr.. 605, 711,
712. George B., 440, 481, 605, 676,
711, 848, 962; Lieutenant-Colonel
GeorgeB., 774, 849. Henry, 711. Henry,
753. Jane (McAffee), 710. Jane L.
(Fisher), 711. Joseph, 752. Captain
Joseph, 10-12, 14, 17, 18, 21. Julia
A. (Field), 752. Margaret W. (May),
711. Mary L. (Sikes), 481, 620, 711.
Merab (Williams), 712. Merab Ann
(Bradley), 710. Miranda M. (Aldis),
710, 712, 713. Rev. Nelson. 648. Pro-
fessor, 829. Rebecca (Kent), IS.
Sarah B. (Willard), 711, 713. Susan
(Wright), 712. William M., 712.
Kelloggs, the, 752.
Kellry, John, 773.
Kelsey, John, 87, 154, 181.
Kemp, Henry, 339.
Kendall: Albert D., 765, 775. Doctor, of
Plymouth, 390. Isaac, 127, 163, 181.
Luke W., 776, 779.
Kendrick, Lemuel, 52, 71, 73, 101, 162.
Kendrick's, Lemuel, 167.
Keneston, Rev. Luther M., 470, 870.
Kennebunk, Me., 744.
Kent: Chancellor, 950. Charlotte (Kid-
der), 933. England, 21. Major, of
Sheffield, 18. Rebecca (Kellogg), 18.
Samuel, 53. & Tallman, 954. Judge
William, 950, 954.
Kent's, Mr., 102.
Kenton, Ohio, 939.
Kenyon College, Gambler, Ohio, 204.
Keplinger, Edward, 776.
Ketchum : Dr. Benjamin, 771, 819. Eliza
(Gray), 819. Dr. Frank G., 819.
Henry Gray, 819. Kate (Smith), 819.
Laura (Richardson), 819. Liston G.,
819. Mary (Myers), 819. Rev. Mr.,
832.
Key, Francis Scott, 528.
Keyes : Judge Asa, 340, 408, 424, 427, 428,
441, 524-527, 540, 600, 648, 652, 685,
708, 709, 711, 947; house of, 596;
place of, 588. Caroline, 581. Charles,
408. Charles D., 526. Eliza Green,
526, 620. Ellen D. (Palmer), 526, 540.
Frances Trimingham (Wheeler), 495.
George Britton, 408, 527. Julia
(Thomas). 408, 527. Laura B.
(Tyler), 526, 540, 925. Lorenzo D.,
773, 778. Sarah (Britton), 526. &
Tyler, 540. Lane, 38, 526.
Kidder: Charles D., 933. Charlotte (Kent),
933. Rev. Corbin, 176, 442. Sarah
Martha (Childs), 933.
Kidderminster, England, 92.
Kilburn: Henry, 636. Lydia B. (Root),
476.
Killingly, Conn., 134.
Kilyeni: Mor. M.D., 722.. Olga (Mead),
722.
Kimball: Alba, 339. D. M.. 402. Henry,
■339. Miss Mary C, 667. Neb., 854.
Richard, 306. Stephen W., 582.
Union Academy, 685.
King: Adonijah, 181. Gushing. 154, 181.
Edward, 53. Eliot Charles, 747.
Ezra, 155, 181. Frances Holyoke, 747.
Ichabod, 159. Captain John, 324.
John H., 340. John. Sr., of North-
ampton, 5. Mary (Howard), 747.
Robert W., 747. Rufus, 253, 581.
Mrs. Rufus, 581. T. Starr, 899. Wil-
lard, 52. William. 52, 155, 162, 181.
William, Jr., 155.
King's, William, 102, 103.
Kingsbury, Abram, 332.
Kingsley: Charles, 581. Daniel P., 376,
438, 603. Mrs. Daniel, 620. Fred,
628. George D., 439. Mary (Dut-
INDEX
1073
ton), 439. Mary (Yorl<e), 581.
Mason, 338. Maurice, 581. Peleg,
341, 347. Pliny. 339.
Kinney: Clement L. V., 479. Helen A.
(Minor), 479.
Kinnicut, Elinor (Draper), 683.
Kinzie, Mr., 589.
Kipling: Caroline Starr (Balestier), 590,
980, 981. Elsie, 982. J. Lockwood,
982. Josephine, 932, 985. Rudyard,
590, 707, 840, 948, 949, 979, 980-985.
Kirkland: Blanche (Sheldon). 546. Cath-
erine P. (Robinson). 545. Dorcas,
545. Honorable Edward. 355, 407,
467, 496, 54.i, 546, 596, 604, 643, 652,
653, 685, 900. Dr. Edward, 546.
Edward C, 546. Frances S. M. (Rob-
inson), 462, 545. Hugh Maxwell, 546.
Isabel, 546. Isabel B. (Smith), 546.
John, 546. John Thornton. 95. Mary
(Chase), 546. Mary E. (Slate) (Mrs.
Edward), 462, 545, 546, 900, 901.
Maude A. (Dickey), 546. Samuel,
545. Rev. Samuel,, 95. Samuel W.,
546, 884-886. Theodore W., 546, 884.
Kirwan, G. B., 869.
Kittredge : Frances (Wesselhoeft). 574.
F. W., 709. Professor, 574. Dr. T.
B., 622.
Kittredge place, the, 49.
Klinge : Ferdinand, 566. 776. Sophia
(Ditchmar), 566. William, 566. Wil-
liam H., 566, 567, 576.
Klutz. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany.
703.
Knapp : Ambrose, 880. Chauncey. 880.
David. 181. Ebenezer. 53, 163. 181.
Ephraim. 52, 163. James, 53. 163, 181.
Jonas. 53, 81. Captain Leonard, 324.
Marie (Dickerman), 210.
Knight: A. E.. 850, 883. Arthur E.. 136.
Asa, 204. Betsey, 136. Elbert A., 136.
Colonel Elijah, 127. Eliza (Merri-
field), 423. F.. 883. Frank G., 136.
Harriet G. (Waite), 677. Henry, 136.
Henry Samuel, 423. Horatio, 372. 373.
375, 677. Ira H., 136. John, 136.
Levi E., 762, 764, 775. Lucy (Shep-
hard), 136. Mary, 136. Polly (Car-
penter). 136. Sabra (Joy). 136. Sam-
uel. 41-43, 52, 56, 73, 76, 101, 105, 106,
110, 111, 115. 116. 124, 128, 134-136,
162, 168, 177. 181, 207, 299. Samuel,
423. Lieutenant Samuel, 123, 161,
334. Seth, 181. Simeon, 17. Spencer
W., 606, 882, 902. Susan E. S. (Plum-
mer), 136. Susanna, 423. Thomas J .
136. Mrs. (Robinson), 423.
Knight's place, 248.
Knowlton: Belle G. (Clark) (Mrs. John
L.), 881, 964. Benjamin L., 962, 964.
Bernard W., 964. Calvin, 185, 207.
E. L., 850. Elizabeth M.. 964. F. N.,
777. George W., 339. Helen M., 736.
John L., 964. Lauriston E., 964. Luke,
of Newfane, 129, 132-134, 141, 235,
232, 235. Mary A., 434. Morey K.,
607. Orrin F., 607. Pomroy, 340.
Sarah (Holbrook), 2.33, 235, 342, 353,
357. 834. Sophia. 357. William, 434.
Knox, Henry S., 340.
Knoxville, Tenn., 819.
Koenig, Professor, 910.
Kuech, F. W., 371, 683.
Kunkel, Alice M. (Brooks), 548.
Lacey, Richard, & Company, 431.
Ladd; Edward N., 771. Frank V., 764,
775.
La Farge, John, 724.
La Fargeville, Jefferson County, N. Y., 200.
Lafayette, General, 710, 746, 747.
Lafayette Light Infantry, the, 337-328,
684.
Lafitte, Emma (Tomes), 750.
Lake, Regina (Thomas), 408.
Lamb: Hannah (Childs). 913, 933. Han-
nah (Hoyt). 933. Rev. Henry, 470.
Henry L., 765. Major Jonathan, 932.
Peter, 181. • Russell F.. 873.
Lamphere, John M., 765, 775, 779.
Lamson, Rev. Guy C, 453, 456.
Lancaster: Mass.. 151, 156, 158. 222, 390,
503. 657, 815. N. H., 491, 682. Pa.,
987.
Landers : George B., M.D., 436. J. Wilson,
325.
Landgrove, Vt., 958, 959.
Landry, Anna M. (Crosby), 701.
Lane. Rev. Henry, 650.
Lang: Phyllis (Fitts), 987. V. F., A.B.,
190, 660.
Langdon: & Curtis, 5S8. President, of
Harvard College, 252.
Lansingburg N. Y. : 464. Academy, 464.
Lansingh : Marion (Frost), 479. Van
Rensselaer, 479.
La Porte, Count, 581.
Larned : Amelia Read (WalkerV 736.
George, 736. Maria (Read"), 736.
La Salle Institute, 592.
La Shelle, Mazie N. (Hunt), 728.
1074
INDEX
Lathrop: Bryan. 713. Helen (Aldis), 713.
Laughton; Annie (Davenport), 932. Eben,
932. Mr., 14.
Laurel, Md., 668.
Laurence: Abel, 30. William, 30.
Laurens, Mr., 93.
Lavin : Mary L. (Howe) (Burton), 657,
840, 991, 992. William, 657, 992.
Lawrence: Albert, 555. Betsey (Bemis).5.55.
Charles G., 309. 406, 554, 555, 60S, 852.
Cynthia (Baker), 553, 554. Elizabeth
(Mclntyre), 555. Ernest, 541. Fam-
ily, the, 391. Frances E. (Root), 286,
555. Frank, 555. G. & C, 440, 595.
G. C. & C. G., 309, 555. George C,
286, 309, 376, 554, 555, 603, 848.
Harry R., 554, 555, 889, 890. Laura
Willard (Piatt) 541. Mass., 192.
Nathan, 553, 554. Richard, 555, 777.
Lawson, Rev. George B., 452.
Lawton: James, 181. Lillian (Miles), 428.
Lillian (Upton), 428. Maria (Sar-
gent), 860. Mildred (Stewart), 428.
Shailer, 428. Dr. Shailer E., 428, 435,
870. 871.
Leach, Julius E.. 902.
Leason, Mr., 163.
Leavenworth : Captain A. E., 658, 775.
Fort, 799.
Leavitt : Rev. E. Bradford, 393. Elizabeth
Van N. (Calder), 499, 726. Harry,
499. James, 191. Jemima, 450. Je-
mima (Loomis) (Mrs. Thaddeus), 207,
289, 498, 726. Captain John, 324.
Mrs. John, 500. John, 499. John G.,
184, 499. John P., 339. Julia Ann
(Hall), 207, 498. Maria J. (Hunt).
289. Mary (Van Nostrand), 499, 500.
Mary Alford (Wesselhoeft), 575.
Matilda (Harris), 191. Colonel Thad-
deus, 207, 289, 498, 499.
Leavitt's Rock, 303, 304.
Lebanon : Conn., 482. N. H., 820.
Lee: Almira (Bennett), 658. Major
Charles, 138. David, 155. Elizabeth
P. Cabot, 551. Henry, 551. Rev. John
S., D.D., 387, 658. Joseph, 551.
Lydia (Newman), 411. Margaret C.
(Cabot). 551. Mass., 854. General
Robert E., 773. Rev. Samuel H., 462.
Thomas, 109. William, 30.
Lefuel, Hector, 726, 727.
Leicester : Academy, 432. England, 926.
Mass., 155.
Leining: Rev. Frederick, 918. Harriet E.
(Barrows), 918.
Leipsic: Germany, 566, 937, 981, 992, 994.
University of, 738, 990.
Leitsinger: Bert, 882. Ed F., 882. F. C,
882. Fred W., 881.
Leland : Caleb, Jr., 312. & Gray Seminary,
Townshend, 929, 946, 947, 969, 987.
Simeon, 184, 438. Stanford, Junior,
University, 721, 753.
LeMoyne, Miss A. T., 666.
Lenox, Mass., 657, 722, 745.
Leominster. Mass., 691.
Leonard: Alice L. (Whitney), 865. Adju-
tant Charles F., 769, 774. Mrs. Cora,
872. Delia (Roess), 862. De Witt,
854, 856-858, 893, 894. Elizabeth L.
(Retting), 704. Flora (Willard), 863.
Mrs. Harriet, 871. Henry 0., 704.-
John, 865. Lillian (Faulkner), 945.
Lucy (Wait), fi63. Rev. M. R., 388.
Captain Noadiah, 153. O. R., 884. 885.
& Roess, 862. Samuel S., 339. Thomas
J., 765. William, 862, 863. William,
863.
Lepsius, Professor, 728.
Leutze, the artist, 723, 729.
Leverett : Mass., 314, 751. Miss, teacher,
402. Thomas, 506.
Levi, the concert player, 558.
Lewis: Abigail, 357. August, 901. Cap-
tain David W., 771, 775. D. W., 621,
895. Rev. Edwin J., 470. F. J., 890.
Lewiston, Me., 949.
Lexington, Mass., 110, 541, 542, 578,
Leyden, Mass., 171, 382, 482, 620, 623, 694,
931.
Libby, O. A., 857.
Lick Observatory, the, 655.
Lincoln: President Abraham, 504, 616, 708,
709, 714, 721, 755, 763, 768, 773, 784,
791, 792, 799, 804, 816, 907. Almira
(Hart) (Phelps), 661, 798, 806, 807.
Major-General Benjamin, 254. Betsey
E., 450. Mass., 159, 495. Neb., 192.
Prof. R. L H. H., 830. Simeon, 806.
Lincolnshire, England, 920.
Lind, Jennie C. (Whitney), 865.
Linden: Lodge, 34, 36, 81, 111, 330, 434.
Street, 37, 42.
Lindsey, John A., 606, 882, 902.
Linsley, C. L., 660.
Liscom : Mr. and Mrs. J. P., 876. Philena,
451. Philip, 450.
Liscum: Charles, 378. Gratia (Arms). 316.
Liston, Robert, 223.
Litchfield, Conn., 79, 368, 441, 527, 706.
Literary Society, the, 283.
INDEX
1075
Little, Prof. James M., 028.
Littlefield Academy, the, 957.
Little Spruce Island, 186.
Littleton: Mass., 961. N. H., 755.
Livermore: Maria E. (Capen), 617. Mrs.
Mary A., 830. Mather, 30.
Liverpool, England, 99, 551.
Livingston, P. V. B., 64.
Locke, D. R. (Petroleum V. Nasby), 830.
Lockport, N. Y., 964.
Lodge, James, 581.
Loewenthal, Doctor, 622.
Lommen : Dorothy (Sherman), 931. T. E.,
931.
Londonderry: N. H., 740, 958. Vt., 19,
179, 535, 812, 958. 959, 961 ; South
Londonderry, 447.
Loney, Benjamin, 778.
Long, Job., 778.
Longfellow : Henry Wadsworth, 580. Sam-
uel, 580.
Longworth, Nicholas, 720.
Loomis: Jemima (Leavitt), 207, 289, 498.
N. W., 850.
Lord: George, 339. Judge Joseph, 375.
Olive (Hough), 376. Robert P., 765,
775, 779. Captain Thomas C, 327,
328, 375, 376, 471, 596, 603, 612, 643;
tavern of, 327.
Lord's New Vermont House, 376.
Loring: E. T., 581. Rev. P., 386. Dr.
George B., 886.
Los Angeles, Calif., 447.
Lot, Abraham, 134.
Lottery, the, 372-375.
Louisville, Ky., 494, 496, 500, 501, 545,
639, 858.
Lovejoy, Oliver S., M.D., 435.
Lovell : J. L., 655. John W., 980.
Loveman, Roswell, 328.
Low, A. A., 509.
Lowell : James Russell, 580. Mass., 185.
192, 438, 446, 503, 662, 705, 706, 723,
855, 861, 931.
Lowville, N. Y., 464.
Lucerne, Switzerland, 588.
Ludlow, Vt., 13, 420, 623, 649, 689, 765,
894.
Lukens, Mr., 137.
Lundberg, G. T., 882.
Lyceum, the, 829-831.
Lyman : Arthur, of Boston, 552. Captain
Cornelius, 213. Edward H. R., 509.
Elias, 306. Rev. Gershora C, 86, 174,
188, 189. Harriet (Barrett), 411.
Professor, 641. Susan (Cabot), 552.
School, the, Boston, 830.
Lynch: Edwina A. (Whitney), 865. Dr.
E. R., 865. Louise M. (Chapin), 502.
Lynde : Benjamin, 30. Johnson, 155.
Lyndon, Vt., 754.
Lynn, Mass., 219, 733, 783, 849, 977.
Lyon: Harriet H. (Fitts), 987. Mary, 920.
Matthew, 136. Sarah J., 987. Deacon
Stanley, 987.
Lyons, Josephine (Hall), 455.
Mabton, Wash., 918.
Machado, Lucile (Wesselhoeft), 574.
MacKaye, Steele, 755.
Mackinac, Fort, 798.
Maclay : Janet H., 964. John, 963. Minnie
L. (Wheeler), 963, 964.
Madison : Me., 484. Wis., 435.
Madura, India, 681, 682, 833.
Magdeburg, Fortress of, 565.
Maher, Mary S. (Boyden), 413.
Mahoney, Dennis, 776.
iMain Street: 32, 37, 42, 185. 187. Bridge,
the, 38.
Mairs ; Elizabeth Atwater (Merritt). 464.
Frances Bradford (Tyler) (Mrs. John
G.), 464. George Tyler, 464. Helen
A. (Foley), 464.
Mainz, Germany, 573.
Malpos, Cheshire County, England, 244.
Manchester: England, 502, 509, 547. Mass.,
841. N.. H.. 68, 192, 286, 934. Vt.,
159, 259, 397.
Manerdin, Captain, 676.
Manet, Sieur, 18.
Manley: Charlotte, 501. Emma F.
(Chase), 501. Evelyn Chase, 501.
Louise (Gray), 501. Reuben, 501.
Washington, 501.
Mann : Daniel, 19. Horace, 662. General
Jonas, 85, 87, 168, 203, 240, 247, 249,
250, 301, 310, 326, 366, 907. Mary
(Negus) 249. Mary A. (Marcy), 249,
250.
Manning: John, 776, 780. Michael, 778.
Thomas, 617, 650. William, 30.
Mansur : Elizabeth (Tripp), 706. Charles
H., 605, 705, 706, 934. Grace (Bell),
706.
Manufacture of Carriages, the, 416.
Mapleson, Colonel James, 993.
Marble: E. B., 880. Rev. Fred E., 542,
870.
Marburg, University of, 570, 571.
Marcy: Edna M. (Frost), -^80. Ellen M.
(McClellan), 250. Ellen S. (Wait).
677. Fanny (Taylor), 250. Mary A.
(Mann), 249. Randolph B., 249;
1076
INDEX
Major, 250; General, 250. Thomas E.,
777.
Market Block, 619, 698, 699, 884.
Marlboro : Mass., 10, 553. N. H., 628, 658.
Vt., 67, 86, 110, 121, 124, 126, 128, 134,
136, 142, 150, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172,
174, 175, 179, 200, 220, 349, 398, 411,
490, 491, 553, 658, 689, 696, 699, 700,
702, 706, 707, 708, 765, 797, 987; West,
327. District of, 34, 524.
Marlborough, N. Y., 602, 797.
Marlow (N. H.) Academy, 959.
Marrett, Edward, Jr., 30.
Marriage Announcement, a, 602.
Marsh: Anna (Hunt), 289, 424, 497, 535.
Building, the, 268, 322, 425. Frank,
404. Jacob, 328, 340, 459, 676. Laura
(Wetherell), 674. Mary (Wetherbee),
674. Dr. Perley, 212, 280, 289, 424.
Reuben, 674. Silence (Greenleaf), 197.
Colonel William, 112. Zebediah, 162.
Marshal, 1025.
Marshall: Abraham, 3:36. Ann E. (Ester-
brook), 591, 974. Asenath O. (Fran-
cis), 578, 868. Azor, 415, 591, 673,
918, 973. Captain Azor, 591. David,
340. Elizabeth G. (Smythe), 592, 927,
975. Henry Rutgers, 982. Katherine
R. (Brooks) (Ullery), 592, 927, 974.
Mr., 72. Oscar A., 592, 867, 871, 884,
885, 927, 948, 974, 975, 985. Oscar B.,
592, 927, 975. Stella E. (Barrows),
592, 918.
Marston: Abigail (Cabot), 740. Benjamin,
740. Lucy Ann (Gow), 957.
Martha's Vineyard, 918.
Martin : Abraham, 162. Daniel, 776. Delia
E. (Howard), 961. Ebenezer, 958. &
Eddy, 969. Rev. Dr. George E., 460,
462, 869. Helen Ruth, 961. Isabel
(Mead), 544. James, 958, 959. Hon-
orable James L., 871, 931, 946, 958-
961, 969. Jessie Lilley (Dewey), 961.
John, 958. Katherine Gray (Utley).
961. Lucy (Gray), 959. Margaret
Susan (Tucker), 961. Martin, 614.
Matthew, 42, 109. 110. Ill, 162, ISl.
Dr. O. J.. 387, 443. William H., 777.
Martins Ferry, Ohio, 543.
Martinique, West Indies, 589.
Marvin, Rev. R. K., 388.
Marye's Heights, 767.
Mason: Albert. 764. Almon, 776. Evelyn
Marion (Dunham), 942. Harold E.,
942. Jane A. (Clark), 231. Honor-
able Jeremiah, 745.
Masons, The, 332-336.
Massachusetts : Bay, Province of, 6, 38, 41,
53. Institute of Technology, Boston,
422, 685, 833, 979.
Masseck, Rev. F. L., 388.
Massillon, Ohio, 718.
Maternal Association, the, 364.
Mather; Cotton, 176. Dan, 652. D. M.,
876. Professor, 830. Susan (Water-
man), 970.
Mathison, Rev. Edward T., 648.
Matteson, Rev. Leonard J., 452, 891.
Matthews: H., 778. Nathan, Jr., 709. T.
H., 406.
Matto, Frank, 770, 776.
Mattoon: Anna B. Davis (Phelps), 805.
Susan, 805. Thomas, 805.
Maxwell, Rev. Hal D., 388.
May: David, 181. Mrs. John, 711. John
E., 711. Margaret W. (Kellogg), 711.
Samuel, 181.
Maynard: Effingham, 688. Helen, 688.
Helen (HoUister), 688. Louise, 688.
Mary H., 688. Walter E., 688.
Mazeppa Engine Company, the, 612.
McCarthy, Justin, lecture by, 830.
McClellan: Belinda (Elliot), 220, 402.
Ellen M. (Marcy), 250. General
George, 250, 581, 907. Jane (Bolton),
220. Robert, 220. R. W. B.. 220.
McColIester, S. H., D.D., 658.
McComb City, Miss., 476, 480.
McCracken. Elizabeth (Stoddard), 947.
McCune : Captain David, 155. Isaac, 53,
73, 162. William, 53, 64, 71, 73, 102,
163; Captain William, 152, 155. Wil-
liam, Jr., 163.
McCune's, William, 48, 102.
McGee, Rev. Jonathan, 90, 343, 344, 348,
349, 351-353, 364, 389, 465, 496.
McGrath, James, 778.
McGray, Henry, 715.
McGreevy: Elizabeth (Glidden), 955. Wil-
liam, 955.
McGuirk, Matilda (Conland), 948.
Mclntyre : Elizabeth (Lawrence); 555.
Farrington, 391. John, 555. Law-
rence, 555.
McKean, L. G., teacher in the High School,
294, 402.
McKeever: Edith M. (Cobb), 489, 683. L
Chauncey, 489, 683. Julia (Draper),
489, 683. Marianne, 489, 683. Mary
Frances, 489, 683.
McKenny: H. Marie (Hines), 410. W. S.,
410.
INDEX
1077
McKesson, John, 1.37, 138, 139.
McKim: Charles F., 722. Mead & Bige-
low, 722. Mead & White, 722, 838.
McKinley, President William, 816, 914,
929, 960.
McKnight : Frances M. (Hawley), 941.
Norton & Hawley, 941. W. H. & Com-
pany, 941.
McLachlin, E. H., 828.
McLain, Miss Hattie, 881.
McLeod: Ebenezer E., 751. Julia (Hall)
(Tomes), 751.
McRanney, Sergeant, of Springfield, 10.
McVeigh's, 51.
Meacham, Horace, 850.
Mead: Albert, 543. Albert, 544. Cath-
erine Lois, 544. Charles Levi, 354,
355, 403, 415, 543, 544, 826. Elinor,
544. Elinor Gertrude (Howells), 543,
720, 839. Frederica, 544. Frederick
Goodhue, 544. Gabriel ("Goodman"),
541. Isabel (Martin), 544. Joanna
Elizabeth (Shepard), 543. John N.,
542, 730. Larkin G., 544. Honorable
Larkin Goldsmith, 201, 248, 376, 402,
404, 441, 542-544, 574, 598, 600, 603,
604, 614, 620, 895. Larkin G., Jr., 543,
645, 703, 718-722, 838, 839. Lawrence
Myers, 544. Levi, 541, 542. Mabel
C, 544. Marie L. (Myers), 544.
Marietta (di Benvenuti), 721. Mary
Jane (Noyes) (Mrs. L. G.), 201, 248,
542, 543. Mary Noyes, 543. Matthew,
541. Olga (Kilyeni), 722. Samuel,
rector, Alstead, N. H., 229. William
Rutherfurd, 189, 544, 722, 723, 838,
839, 904.
"Mead Farm," the, 541.
"Mead Tavern," the, 541.
Meadow, Fort, 28.
Mechanics Bridge, 187.
Medbury, Mass., 459.
Medfield, Mass., 413.
Medford, Mass., 95, 546.
Meeker: Colo., 624. Mr., teacher in High
School, 402.
Meeting-House Hill : 36-38, 43, 46, 49, 65,
68, 74, 126, 166, 168, 169, 172; settle-
ment on, 46. Cemetery, 152, 153.
Melendy, Miss, 386.
Mellen : J. E., 889. & Proctor, 695. Va.,
768.
Melvin, Captain Eleazer, 18, 19.
Menasha, Wis., 239, 494. 873.
Mendelson, Simon, 901.
Mendon : George A., 590. Mary Woodman
(Balestier), 590. Mrs., 954.
Mendota, III., 865.
Menzies: James, 684. William, 684.
Meriden: Conn., 865. N. H., 685.
Meriden-on-the-Elbe, Germany, 704.
Merriam : Rev. A. R., 966. Captain Charles
D., 775. Laura (Draper), 492.
Merrick, Judge, 545.
Merrifield, Eliza (Knight), 423.
Merrill, Rev. Charles H., 470, 870, 943, 944.
Merrillville, Ind., 418.
Merritt : Charles Edward, 464. Elizabeth
Atwater (Mairs), 464.
Merry: Robert D. C, 730. Sarah A. W.
(Bradley), 730. Sarah Ann Williams,
730.
Mertvin, Major J. B., U. S. A., 829.
Messer : George, 230. Gerry L., 230. Mary
J. (Clark), 230.
Metcalf : Albert W., 764. Eunice, 357, 390.
Lilla (Burdett), 630. Maria, 357.
Ralph, 630. Reuben, 187.
Metuchen, N. J., 939.
Meyer: Elinor Gertrude (Frothingham),
589. George Augustus, 589.
Meyers, John, 778.
Michigan, University of, Ann Arbor, 484.
989.
Middlebury: College, 89, 190, 191, 192, 274,
289, 291, 317, 464, 733, 739, 740, 751,
817, 961, 969. Mass., 157. Vt.. 368,
712, 761, 828, 829, 830, 853, 887.
Middle Granville, N. Y., 660.
Middletown: Conn., 276, 277, 589, 822.
N. J., 547.
Mighill : Rev. Nathaniel, 459, 460, 461, 874.
Mrs., 462.
Milburn, Rev. W. H., 830.
Miles : Lieutenant Appleton Train, 428,
664. Colonel Charles A., 334, 335, 336.
393, 403, 581, 661-665, 675, 762, 809,
883, 889, 890. Fanny Glover (Train)
(Mrs. C.A.), 664, 809. Rev. Harry R.,
462. Jane (Tyler). 664. John, 661. John
II, 661. John III, 661. Josephine
Myra T. (Finn), 581, 583, 664. Miss
Katherine, 665, 872, Lillian (Lawton),
428. & Lyons, 619. Noah, 661. Rev.
Noah, 661. Sarah Elizabeth (Apple-
ton), 662, Schoolhouse, the, 434.
Solomon Pierson. 661. 662.
Milford: Mass., 95, 284, 285, 849. N. H.,
185, 418, 451.
Military Hospital, the, 783-785; memorial
stone, 786.
Millbury, Mass., 957.
Miller: Dr. Ansel I., 402, 809, 912. A. J.,
shop of, 557. Asa, 416. Augusta (Char-
1078
INDEX
Her), 593. Augusta M. (Bauman), 416.
Catherine W. (Slate) (Stevens), 416.
C. C, 168. Charlotte A. (Noyes), 249.
Chester, 168. Daniel, 433. David,
434. Edwin H., 881. Eleanor M. (Shep-
hard), 543. Eliza L. (Steen), 245.
Emery, 328. Emily (Dickinson), 370,
416. Francis, 765. Frank F., 765.
Frederick S., 764. Gertrude, 583.
Harriet M. (Dickinson), 505. Henry,
328. Henry C, 416. Henry H., 772,
777. Ida Balch (Wheeler), 416. Cap-
tain Isaac, 128. John B., 387. John
DouU, 543. John R., 249. Lillian
(Stellman), 219. & Lincoln, 442.
Lydia, 284. Lydia (Greenleaf), 199.
Margaret (Williston), 288. Margaret
\V., 543. Mary (Prouty), 508. Mary
P. (Herrick), 508. Marshall, 442.
Mildred H., 543. Minnie, 583. Colo-
nel Nathan, 326, 442, 603. Ozro, 658.
Phila, 583. Place, the, 167, 168.
Robert M., 543. Roxanna (Negus),
249. S. A., 848. Sabrina P., 387.
Sally (Bemis), 416. Samuel, 508.
Sidney A„ 334, 370, 416. Sophronia
(Tyler), 414. Stanford, 891. Thad-
deus, 88, 156. Thomas, 219. Thomas
J., 777. W. D., 882.
Millet, Jean Francois, 724.
Milliken : & Burt, 856. Daniel L„ 832, 833,
841, 842, 856.
Mills: Daniel B., 776. Mrs., 316. Widow,
179, 181.
Miltimore, I. R., 340.
Miltmore: Helen C. (Frost), 476. Mr.,
476.
Milton : Academy, 979. Vt., 944.
Milwaukee, Wis., 286.
Miner: Angeline (Thorn), 694. Cyrus C,
694. John B., 376, 450, 471. O. L.,
874, 889. Mrs. O. L., 871. Ozias L.,
1018. S. L., 861. Thomas. 439, 577.
Miner's, O. L., 109, 167.
Minneapolis, Minn., 100, 698, 753.
Minor: Emma S. (Frost), 479. Helen A.
(Kinney), 479. Marion (Lansingh),
479. William Frost, 479. William H.,
479, 555.
Minot, William, Jr., 756.
Minott: James, 340. Samuel, 118-121.
Mitchell: & Company, 764. Dak., 192.
Rev. J. A., 892. L. D., 889. W. C,
866.
Mixer: Captain D., 324. Daniel, 181.
George T., 339. John, 387. Samuel,
123, 163, 181.
Mobile, Ala., 809, 810.
Moline, 111., 811.
Molino del Rey, Mexico, 587, 798.
Mondan : Monsieur Camille, 937. Madame
Georgianna (Freeman), 937, 938.
Monroe: Ann M. (Smith) (Craig), 494.
Earl Clifton, 932. E. G., 884. Jean-
nette (Davenport), 932. Mass., 409.
Mich., 678. Rev. Nathan T., 494.
Monson Academy, Monson, Mass., 192, 202.
Montague: Mass., 197, 208, 285, 439, 677.
Samuel L., 743.
Montclair, N. J., 747.
Monterey, Mexico, 798.
Montgomery, Ala., 487, 623.
Montpelier, Vt., 107, 221, 229, 456, 493,
635, 703, 720, 753, 790, 854, 886, 913,
952, 961, 964.
Montreal, Canada, 19, 33, 141, 192, 224,
393, 615, 676, 821, 966.
Moody : Azor, of Granby, Mass., 202.
Clarissa (Hayes), 202. D. L., 637.
Dora (Williams), 600. Dora I.
(Wyman), 600. Gideon, of Granby,
202. Malcolm, 354, 600, 601, 711,
871. Rhoda (Hayes), 202.
Moor: Benjamin, 32, 33, 35. Rev. C. R.,
387, 620. Captain Fairbank, 32, 33,
48. Lieutenant, of Cumberland, 126.
Martha (Kathan), 33. Margaret
(Kathan) (Johnson) (Mrs. Benjamin),
32, 33, 48.
Moore: Dr. Albert H., 717. Arthur Leon,
541. Gertrude (Piatt), 541. Harriet
M. (Gale), 438. Sir Henry, 35, 36,
38, 60, 62, 63. Dr. J., 317. Rev. John
Farwell, 392. Lucy D. (Fisk), 558.
Mabel (Baker), 418. Mary Hammond
(Burnham), 717. Patrick, 778. Rev.
William, 418. W. S., 889, 890.
Moran: Eugene, 650. M. J., 885, 902.
Timothy, 614. Mr. and Mrs. William,
650.
Morey: Brothers, 636. H. A., 636.
Morgan : the British Secretary, 132. Caleb,
162, 181. William, 181, 216.
Morrill: Ezekiel, 624. George H., 624.
Senator Justin S., 687, 887. Sarah A.
(Hines), 410.
Morris : Academy, South Farms, Conn.,
368. Rev. Adolphus P., 662, 647, 781.
Rev. Charles, 662. Frances W.
(Hunt), 289. Gouverneur, 289, 408,
411. General Lewis R., 408. Lizzie
(Harris), 689. T. B., 689.
Morristown, N. J., 436, 675, 690, 722.
Morse : Byron, 404. Dexter, 378. George
INDEX
1079
D., 936. Hattie L. (Roess), 862. Miss
Janette C, 828. Lewis, Jr., 942. Mary
J. (French), 9.36. Marion, 942. Rev.
Dr., of Cliarlestown, Mass., 95. Rich-
ard C, 592. Ruth M. (Hawley), 942.
Sewall, 387, 692, 706. Sidney, 439.
Thomas, 771. Thomas B., 777.
Morton : Honorable Levi P., house of, 727.
Rachel (Holbrook), 810. Mr. and
Mrs. Walter S., 810.
Mosby, Colonel, 772.
Mott, Valentine, 928.
Motte, Rev. Mellish L, .320, 391, 620.
Moultrie, Fort, S. C, 808.
Mount Hermon School, Mount Hermon,
Mass., 637.
Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley,
Mass., 484, 682, 920, 936, P39.
Mowe: Ellen E. (Rockwell), 431, 935.
Robert E., 431, 935.
Mowry: Julia A. (Smith), 494. Spencer,
494.
Moyenhein, Humphrey, 776.
Mt. Clemens, Mich., 704.
Mt. Ida College, Newton, Mass., 692.
Muirkirk, Scotland, 514.
Mumford, Honorable Paul, 132.
Munro: Dr. John, 162, 164. Rosbotham,
181.
Murdoch: Ann (Tyler), 276. Professor,
of Andover, 276.
Murphy: Dr. James G., 623. Mrs. Robert
W., 246.
Murray, Florence (Starr), 945.
Musical Organizations of the Fifties, 585,
586.
Muskegon, Mich., 202.
Mussa, Martha, 403.
Mutual Aid Association, the, 219, 731.
Mutual Benefit Life Insurance, the, 371.
Myers : B. O. Company, the, 599. Law-
rence, of Plainfield, N. J., 544. Marie
L. (Mead), 544. Mary (Ketchum),
819.
Nantucket, 593.
Narragansett : Pier, R. I., 722. Steamship
Company, the, 558.
Nash: Aaron, 162, 169, 181. Argos, 339.
Diramis (Greenleaf), 199. Ebenezer,
248. Ephraim. 130, 181, 187. Fred-
erick, 676. Frederick A., 647, 648,
653, 676. Henry, 168. Henry C, 607,
848. Henry E., 406. Mary, 404.
Moses, 88, 162, 181. Oliver, 162, 181.
Sarah L. (Todd), 676. Saiah Leaven-
worth (Watrous), 676.
Nashua, N. H., 185, 438, 616.
Nashville, Tenn., 239.
Natal, South Africa, 920, 921.
Natick, Mass., 709, 743.
Naulahka, 840, 949, 979, 982, 983, 985.
Naylor-Leland : Captain Herbert, of Eng-
land, 513. Jennie C. (Chamberlain),
513.
Negus: Joseph, 249. Mary (Mann), 249.
The Misses, 284. Roxanna (Miller),
249. William, 249.
Nelson: Helen Percival (Brown), 925.
Mr., of London, 245. Omer A., 925.
N. H., 554.
Neosho, Mo., 480.
Nes: Mrs. Lucy, 987. Mary Elizabeth
(Fitts), 987.
Nettleton, Lucy E. (Bradley), 732.
Nevins, David, 509.
Newall, Lucien D., 776.
Newark: N. J., 219, 541, 832, 950. Ohio,
124, 125, 479, 481.
New Auburn, Miss., 239.
New Bedford, Mass., 487.
Newbern, N. C, 640, 780.
New Britain: Conn., 369, 415, 416, 417,
499, 865. Mass., 544.
New Brunswick: Canada, 818. N. J., 192,
690.
Newbury: Academy, 964. Vt., 170, 188.
Newburyport, Mass., 549.
New Connecticut alias Vermont, 113.
Newell: Edith (Childs), 933. Dr. F. R.,
885. Rev. Maxey B., 387.
New England : Conservatory of Music, the,
455. Health Insurance Company, the,
372.
New England Farmer, The, 243.
New Englander, The, 275.
Newfane: Vt., 38, 41, 67, 102. 110, 116,
129, 132-134, 141, 171, 179, 207, 210,
215, 221, 227, 232, 2.33, 235, 268, 309,
333, 334, 341, 375, 378, 398, 423, 442,
491, 495, 507, 512, 515, 516, 540, 601,
628, 636, 674, 677, 680, 694, 709, 751,
752, 763-765, 907, 919, 938, 961, 989;
Hill, 43, 168, 210, 233, 291, 375, 507.
South, 1.54, 155.
Newhall: Miss Kate, 667. Lena A.
(Jones), 211.
New Hampshire : Grants, the, 37, 53, 58,
59, 68, 112, 113, 115, 122, 124, 125, 133,
145, 146, 201 ; divided into townships,
58. The Province of, 28, 31, 38, 39.
New Hampton, N. H., 927.
New Haven : Conn., 55, 78, 154, 192, 196.
200, 202, 203, 206, 212, 220, 276-278,
1080
INDEX
307, 416, 438, 460, 475, 482, 497, 519,
527, 547, 581, 618, 677, 704, 718, 723,
736, 742, 919, 949, 965. Organ Com-
pany, the, 211.
Newhouse, Sewall, 520.
New Ipswich : Academy, 395. N, H., 394,
395, 821.
New Lebanon, N. Y., 262.
New London, Conn., 712.
Newman : Albert H., 412, 413. Albert L.,
413. Charles, 404. Charles L., 881.
Ella M. (Harding), 413. Family, the,
391. Fanny, 450. George, 289, 376,
389, 411, 412, 600, 603, 643, 826; &
Son, 411, 676, 823. George Henry,
335, 412, 873. Henry, 403. 848. Ida
(Deane), 413. Ira, 414. Jeanie
(Smith), 413. Julia (Boyden) (Ry-
der), 413. Laura D. (Wiggin), 413.
Lewis, 338, 411. Lucy N. (Godfrey),
412. Lydia (Lee), 411. Mary, 404.
Mary (Page), 412. Mary D. (Chase),
412. Sarah E. (Caldwell), 412. &
Son, 407, 414. & Tyler, shop of, 555.
New Marlboro, 553.
New Marlborough, 110.
New Milford: Conn., 277. 111., 192.
New Orleans, La., 574, 705, 750, 802, 803,
816, 929, 930.
Newport : N. H., 630, 732. R. I., 493, 722,
724, 727, 743, 828, 830, 923.
Newport News, Va., 211, 762, 766, 799,
806.
News Agency, the First, 619.
New Salem, Mass., 707.
Newton: Betsey (Harris), 706, 707. Cot-
ton, 707. Rev. D. H., 349. D. VV., 876.
Rev. E. H., 239, 495. Eleanor H.
(Samson), 706. George B.. 190. Her-
bert Boyden, 693. Isaac, 438. John,
163., Katherine (Ware), 693. Levi,
706. Lucinda Wells (Harris), 708.
Mass., 230, 692 743, 918; West, 475.
Merrick, 328. Phoebe, 451. Polly
(Dickerman), 209. Richard, 707.
Roswell H., 706. Roswell Hill, 706.
Samuel, 163, 181. Theological Serai-
nary, 957. Captain William, 706.
William D., 706. William S., 420,
444, 498, 706-708. Windsor, 209.
Newtonville, Mass., 957.
. New Vermont House, the, 376.
New York : Academy of Medicine, 682.
Law School, 815. University, 819, 928.
University Medical College, 739.
Nichols : Academy, Dudley, Mass., 429.
Ann, 357. A. W., 875. C. F., 882.
Clarissa I. H. (Mrs. George W.),
380, 381, 599. Eliza, 381. George W.,
217, 246, 338, 379, 380, 419, 420, 599,
777. George W., Jr., 3S0. George
Ward, 581. Julia M. (Robertson), 381.
Mary (Herrick), 381. Mr., 163. &
Ryther, 442. Samuel, 181. William,
52, 70, 73, 848. William E., 334, 335,
647.
Niles, George, 863.
Nims: Edward B., M.D.. 435. Colonel
Erastus, 230. Mary Ellery (Clark),
484. Sarah Hubbard (Clark), 230.
Prof. Wesley E., 484.
Nissiquasque, 78.
Nitchie, Lucia T. (Farr), 566.
Noble: Mrs. Harmon, 677. Lizzie (Waite),
677.
Nobles, Samuel, 181.
Norcross: Alanson, 450. Anna, 450. Lieu-
tenant Charles A., 772, 775. George
S., 450. Lydia, 450. Maria, 451.
Samuel, 451.
Nordoff, Mr., 521.
Norfolk, Va., 480.
North, O. B. & Company, New Haven, 211.
North Adams, Mass., 220, 654, 701, 849.
Northampton : County Society of Laymen
and Physicians, 566. Mass., 4, 5, 8,
10, 21, 107, 138, 202, 208,' 236, 287,
307, 342, 410, 435, 438, 480, 488, 489,
587, 612, 624, 680, 797, 832, 854; Mr.
Pomroy's Inn, 236.
North Andover, Mass., 392.
North Bennington, Vt., 408, 484.
North Castle, N. Y., 146.
North Dana, Mass., 706.
Northfield: Anti-War Society of 1812, the,
329. Mass., 3, 5, 7-12, 14, 17-19, 32,
111, 169, 229, 315, 329, 371, 390, 408,
439, 662, 805, 906, 964. Seminary, 637.
Vt., 541, 660, 761, 925, 942, 964.
North Granville Seminary, 665.
North Meeting House, the, 337.
North Paris, Me., 672.
North Thetford, Vt., 487.
Northwestern University, Evanston, 111.,
418.
Norwich ; Academy, 746. Conn., 50, 241,
397, 446, 448, 832, 937. Military In-
stitute. Northfield, Vt., 637. Univer-
sity, Northfield, Vt.. 248, 483, 491,
495, 623, 701. 703, 722, 840, 911, 915,
925. Vt., 147.
Nott, Sergeant, 78.
INDEX
lOSl'
Nourse : A. G., 45-1. Anna (Holbrook),
795. Benjamin, 52. Joel, 795. Mr.,
793, 794.
Noyes: Abbie S. (Woodman), 248. Albert
H., 248. & Birchard, 248. Charles D.,
680. Charles R., 248. Charlotte
A., 248. Charlotte A. (Miller),
249. Cornelia (Hamilton), 248.
Edward H., 248. E. H. & Com-
pany, 248. Elizabeth F. (Ransom),
248. George W., 249. Harriet Hayes
(Skinner), 249. & Hayes, 247, 301.
Helen (Campbell), 249. Horatio S.,
248, 367, 415, 596, 600, 609. House,
the, 248. Joanna S. (Hayes), 248.
Honorable John, 168, 188, 189, 201,
203, 247, 248, 300, 542, 906, 907 ; ora-
tion by, 248. Lieutenant John, of
Guilford, 127. John Humphrey, 247,
248, 519-522; publications of, 522.
Lelia (Fletcher), 680. & Mann, 168,
247. Mann & Hayes, 203, 247, 301.
Mary A. (Chandler), 248. Mary J.
(Mead), 201, 248, 542. Mary L., 248.
Nicholas, 247. Pierpont, 522. Polly
(Hayes), 201, 247, 542. Ruth
(Thompson), 680. Dr. Thomas N.,
522. William Hamilton, 248. William
Stacy, 248.
Number: One (now Westminster), 21.
Four (Charlestown, N. H.), 21.
Nutt, Samuel, 304.
Nye : Rev. H. R., 829. Rev. H. W., 334.
Oahu College, Honolulu, 969.
Oakgrove, Wis., 974.
Oak Hill Ladies' Seminary, West Hill,
Conn., 316.
Oakland, Calif., 658.
Ober: George E., 878. Henry, 776.
Joseph R., 776.
Oberlin College, 694.
O'Callaghan, Father, 649.
O'Connor, Thomas, 650.
O'Conor, Charles, 955.
Odd Fellows, the, 471, 472.
Odessa, Russia, 795.
O'Hara, Stephen, 649.
Old Invitations to Sleighrides and As-
semblies, 184.
Old Marlboro, 553.
Old Orchard Beach, 432, 490,
Olds, Dr., 622.
Oliver, Andrew, Jr., 30.
Omaha, Neb., 211, 416, 589, 675, 722, 742,
743, 978; South, 416.
Oneida, N. Y., 250, 521.
Oneida Community, the, 520-522.
Orange: Calif., 716. County, 59, 66, 74.
Mass., 152, 284, 285, 501, 849, 931.
Mountain, N. J., 250.
Orcutt: Hannah, 818. Hiram, 659, 660,
665, 666. John, 818. Vesta Richards
(Gale), 818, 872.
O'Reilly: Mr. and Mrs. B., 650. Rev.
Charles, 649, 650.
Orleans Liberal Institute, Glover, Vt., 422.
Ormsbee: Emily S. (Frost), 476. Oscar,
476.
Orne: Elsie Dwight (Stoddard), 947.
Sophia Dwight (Chapin), 501.
Orthodox Congregational Meeting House
Society, the, 176.
Orton, John, 850.
Orvis: Gershom, 126. Waitsill, 85, 87,
178.
Osgood: Christopher, of Newfane, 110,
132, 133. Rev. Edmund Q. S., 394,
870. Samuel, 133.
O'Shea, Henry, Duke of San Luca, 954.
Oshkosh, Wis., 239.
Oskaloosa, Iowa, 483.
Oswego: 111., 956. N. Y., 21, 503, 954.
Otis : Broadus & Company, 221. James,
181.
Otto, Morrity, 574.
Owen, William H., 683.
Owin, Samuel, 181.
Owosso, Mich., 637.
Oxford, Conn., 541, 925.
Packard: Caleb, 181. Mr., teacher in High
School, 402.
Packer, E. Wing, 862.
Paddleford: Frank G., 775, 779. Philip,
64, 163, 181.
Page: Rev. Abraham, 386. John A., 790.
J. W. & Company, later E. H. Allen,
Jr., & Company, 523. Mary (New-
man), 412.
Paige: Alice Fisher (Pratt), 672. Charles
F., 672. J., 442.
Paine, Major-General, 783.
Palmer: Amelia, 283. Edward, 97, 194,
284. Elizabeth (Hunt) (Mrs. Joseph
Pearse), 253, 261, 271. Ellen D.
(Keyes), 526, 540. Dr. Frederick N.,
526, 527, 541, 605, 677, 836. Prof.
H. R., 881. Hampden, 263. John H.,
215, 263, 267, 284. Joseph, 271.
Joseph Pearse, 253, 261. Martha
(Sawyer), 815. Mary (Tyler) (Mrs.
Royall), 253, 261, 262, 263, 271, 283.
Nathaniel, 815. Sarah, 527. Sophia,
1083
INDEX
265, 268, 267. Stephen, 30. Stephen,
Jr., 30.
Paper mill, the, 312-314.
Pardridge, Joshua, 53.
Paris, Me., 941.
Park: House, the, 507. Trenor \V., 887.
Parker: Alvin J., 776. Anna Lyman, 743.
Caleb, 177. Lieutenant Ebenezer, of
Putney, 127. E. L., 413, 850. Mrs.
E. L., 462. Elizabeth L. (Cabot), 743.
Colonel Francis J., 743. George J.,
881. Julia L. (Crosby), 701. Kitty
(Field), 583. Marcia (Ryder), 413.
The Misses, 581. Roswell. 328.
Stephen, 631. Theodore, 549, 577.
Dr. Willard, 477, 780, 935.
Parkhurst, Mrs. Harvey, 712.
Parrancas, Fort, 810.
Parry, Rev. F. J., 452, 453, 870.
Parsons, Kan., 193.
Parton ; James, 580. Mrs. James ("Fanny
Fern"), 578, 580.
Partridge: Alice Brooks (Ryan), 927. A.
Stanley, 927. Captain, Military Acad-
emy of (Norwich University), Nor-
wich, Vt., 495. Jasper, 70, 101. Hon-
orable Samuel, 7.
Pasadena, Calif., 704.
Patapsco Institute, EUicott City, Md., 807.
Paterson, N. J., 628.
Patterson: Colonel Eleazer, 118, 120, 124,
128, 156. Ellen H. (AUen) (Tiffany)
(Harris), 523. Maud Dacre (Hunt),
729. Mr., 78. William, 105. Rev.
William Reid, 729.
Patton: Alice (Holbrook), 795. Harriet
(Trowbridge) (Hayes), 206. Rev.
William, D.D., 206.
Pattou, Ange Albert, 922.
Paul: Bessie M. (Greene), 820. Darwin,
820.
Pawling, N. Y., 657.
Paxton, Mass., 158, 222, 223.
Peabody: Ariel, 776. Elizabeth, 383.
George, 509. Rev. H. H., 452. Jacob,
of Salem, Mass., 546. Jonathan, 162,
181. Mass., 638, 6.58.
Peach: Prof. Arthur W., 918. Mabel F.
(Barrows), 918.
Peacham, Vt., 539.
Pearson : Charles Lowell, 275. Ellen
(Tyler), 279. Frances (Thomas).
409. Horace, 275. Mary E. (Cutler),
275. N.. 621.
Pease : Albert, 688. Frances Elizabeth
(Bingham), 825, 828, 872. Henry
Hollister, 688. John, 202. Linda
(Hayes) (Elliot), 202, 219. Mary
(Hollister), 688. W. Albert, 688
Walter A., 688.
Peck: Asahel, 687, 964. Elizabeth, 283.
George H., 245, 339. Governor, 787.
Rev. J. O., 830. Lucinda, 451. Mr.,
266. Rebecca, 357, 462.
Peck's Bookstore, 314.
Peirce: Adaline Shannon (Brown), 925.
Elizabeth (Irwin), 925. Honorable
William Shannon, 925.
Pell, Mrs. Walden, 581.
Pellerin : Fred, 618. Marie, 618. Marie
D. (Capen), 617. Sarah, 618. Sarah
(Sawyer) (Capen), 618.
Pellett, John C, 777.
PelHco, Slivio, 723.
Pembroke Academy, 402.
Pennsylvania, University of, 566.
Pensacola: Fla., 822. Fort, 810.
Pentland : Miss Laura, 809. W. J., store
of, 695.
Peoria, 111., 479.
Pepperell : Jane (Tyler), 251. Margery
(Bray), 251. Mass., 691. William,
251. Sir William, 251.
Perkins: Benjamin, 241. Caroline S.
(Burnham), 586, 620, 716. Dr. Elisha,
241. Ellen (Sherman), 931. F. W.,
581. Ignatius, 716. John, 109.
Katherine (Clark), 484. Louise Du-
maresq (Hunt), 724. Samuel Elliot,
1015. Sanford B., 931. Sarah A.
(Bradley), 718. Thomas Handasyd,
724.
Perry: Ben, 849, 882. Clara Clark, 230.
D. R., 849. D. T., 876, 904. Ernest
E., 230. Fred T., 849. George, 652.
& Howe, 168. Miss, 897. Preston F.,
176. Sarah Louise (Clark), 230.
W. D., 847, 849, 850. William C,
608, 617.
Person: George, 434. Miss Maria, 868.
Polly C, 434.
Persee & Brooks, 547, 898, 926.
Peru, Vt., 657, 915.
Petain, General, 664.
Peterboro, N. H., 185, 390, 396.
Peters, Mrs. John, 501.
Petersburg, Va., 558, 771, 779.
Petersham, Mass.: Ill, 210, 212, 213, 608,
817. Academy, 817.
Petition for holding lands imder New
York, 39.
Pettee: A. H., 885. Dr. A. L., 446, 828,
852. Dr. A. Louis, 447, 694, 828, 885.
Dorothy C, 447. Eugenia M. (Bing-
INDEX
1083
ham), 447, 828. Eva (Sanders), 447.
Evelyn B., 447. Florence (Thorn),
447, 694. Frederick Clinton, 447, 828.
Dr. Frederick G., 447, 828, 889. H. C,
889. Mary Ann (Conant), 404, 446,
828. Minnie, 446. Ralph B„ 447,
828. Thornton, 447, 694.
Pettee Place, the, 78, 168.
Pettes, Frederick, 304.
Pettis: Holland, 4. John, 162, 181. Mr.,
187, 281.
Petty, Joseph, 19.
Peytonsville, Va., 866.
Phalen, Rev. Frank L., 393, 394, 870.
Phelan: Helen (Dunklee), 682. John M.,
682.
Phelps: Mrs. Almira (Hart) (Lincoln),
661, 798, 806, 807; publications of,
807. Anna B. Davis (Mattoon), 805.
Charles, 110, 142, 797. Charles, 797.
Charles Edward, 798. Doctor, 751.
Surgeon Edward E., 783, 784, 819.
Mrs. Elisha, of Windsor, 539. Honor-
able E. J., 675. Elmira, 798. Francis
E., 327. Grace Joselyn (Sankey), 805.
Honorable James H., 797. Honorable
John, 284, 379, 646, 710, 797, 807.
John W., 805. General John Wolcott
Phelps, 706, 761, 762, 766, 769, 770,774,
797-807, 840, 871 ; publications of,
805. Joseph Henry, 504. Lucy, 798.
Lucy (Lovell), 797. Mary Almira,
751. N. Y., 891. Judge Samuel, 377.
Solomon, 110, 797. Susan (Dickin-
son), 504. Theodore, 339. Timothy,
of Marlboro, 121, 797. Victoria, 805.
William, 797.
Philadelphia, Pa.: 122, 137, 179, 192, 199,
215, 223, 224, 226, 242, 251, 385, 410,
425, 431, 453, 456, 487, 501, 502, 581,
590, 592, 593, 704, 705, 879, 907, 921,
924, 942, 954, 991, 992.
Phillips: Exeter Academy, 239, 501, 540,
745, 815, 987. Mrs. Julia (Edwards),
342, 357. Richard, 332. & Sikes, 480.
Wendell, 399, 549, 577, 829, 830.
Phips, Submit (Willard), 22.
Phipps, Horace J. & Company, 492.
Phcenix House, the, 405, 555, 595, 598.
Pickard, Mary L., 95.
Pierce: Benjamin, 328. Qara L. (Rich-
ardson), 693. Elisha, 68, 71, 73, 111,
162. Esther, 448. President Frank-
lin, 506. George W., 430, 762, 775.
Mrs. Ira, 874. Jonathan, 448. Nathan,
161. Professor, 662.
Pierks, David, 73.
Pierpont, James, 736.
Pierson, Rev. Jacob, 646.
Pike : Houghton, 425, 432, 433, 434. Jacob,
53. John, 53. Samuel, 328; shop of,
411.
Pilgrim, Israel H., 340.
Pine, Rev. Doctor, of Washington, 272.
Pinks, David, 162.
Piper, C. L., 850.
Pitkin, Williapi, of Connecticut, 6.
Pitman: Freedom (Clark) (Houghton),
230. Henry B., 230. Robert H., 230.
Virginia (Plummer), 136.
Pittsfield : Me., 673. Mass., 240, 661, 788,
817, 854.
Pittsford, Vt., 733-735, 740.
Plainfield, N. J., 211, 543, 544.
Piatt: Edith (Tyler), 541. Eleanor For-
man (Brooks), 547, Elizabeth (Town-
send), 145. George W., 541. Ger-
trude (Moore), 541. Gertrude ,L.
(Elliman), 541. James, of Utica, 547.
Laura Willard (Lawrence), 541. Oba-
diah H., 376, 419. 507, 603. Royall
Tyler, 541. & Ryther, 853. Stella W.
(Townsley), 507.
Platteville, Wis., 497.
Platts: Isaac, Jr., 156. Mary, 357.
Plimpton: Frederic S., 671. Irene (Hoyt),
418. Lucy J. (Pratt), 671.
Plumb, Rev. Elijah M., D.D., 190.
Plummer : Abigail (Chamberlain) (Wil-
son), 513, 516. George F., 776. John,
163, 178, 181, 513, 692, 1007; the
Plummer family, 1007. John, Jr., 482.
John Dwight, 136. Ro.xanna (Bir-
chard), 482. Sophia R. (Richard-
son), 692. Susan E. S. (Knight), 136.
Virginia (Pitman), 136.
Plymouth : Mass., 390, 413, 482, 695. N.
H., 492. Vt., 13.
Pocatello, Idaho, 978.
Poland, Honorable Luke E., 887.
Polard, David, 163.
Political Campaign of 1840, the, 443.
Polk, President, 605.
PoUak-Ottendorf : Blanche (Carpenter),
866. Emil, 866.
Pomfret, Conn., 492.
Pomroy: Chester W., 340, 375. Willard,
339, 375.
Pomeroy: Chester, 507. Elizabeth
(Wheeler), 495. Maria (Townsley),
507. Mary A. (Elliot), 216. Stella
M., 216. Wright, 216, 495.
Pomo, Mendocino County, Calif., 381. 454.
Pompey, Onondaga County, N. Y., 368.
1084
INDEX
Pond, Amos, 439.
Poor: Leverett, 638. Mattie H. (Estey),
638.
Pope: Elizabeth (Foster) (Wesselhoeft),
574. Lucretia Ann (Dickerman), 210.
Porter: David, 233. Eleazer, 14. Rev.
G. W., 647. & Holbrook, 233. Mrs.
Louisa (Dickinson), 370. President.
966. Samuel, 2S4. Miss Sarah, School
of, Farmington, Conn., 276.
Portland : Me., 230, 254, 497, 547, 735, 736,
744. Ore., 100, 480.
Portsmouth : Eng., 93, 109. N. H., 29,
37, 171, 370, 725, 745, 746, 747, 822,
924.
Post: Dr. Oramel R., 280, 381, 454, 455,
550, 604, 652, 653, S70, 891. Mrs.
Oramel R., 620.
Post Office, the, 902.
Potato Lane, 43.
Potsdam, Prussia, 819.
Potter: Miss Helen, 830. John C, 777.
Louisa, 357. Mr., 582. Philip, 338.
Potts: Marie V. D. (Charlier) (Howe)
(Brown), 593. Captain Templin, 593.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 127.
Powers : Rev. Charles R., 892. Hiram,
720. Jennie B. (Carter), 869. Mar-
tin K., 777. Oscar N., 776. Peter,
30. Stephen, 30. Thomas E., 687.
Powers Institute, Bernardston, Mass., 931,
945.
Pownal, Vt., 556, 558.
Pratt: Albert G., 340. Alice Fisher
(Paige), 672. Alice May (Brownell),
673. Arthur J., 673. Asa G., 328.
Barney F., 771, 772, 777. Benjamin,
178, 181. & Bullock, 670. Caroline
P. (Hoar), 671. Charles H., 601, 885,
890. Charles H., 862. Dr. Charles
S., 912. Mrs. Chester, 937. Daniel
Stewart, 136, 334, 653, 671-673,
862 ; D. S. & Company, 672. Ed-
mund R., 672, 673, 884, 992. Emily
(Clay), 275. Emily L. (Cutler), 275.
Family, the. 391. Francis E. (Saw-
yer), 670. Franklin S., 897. George
S., 673, 889. Harriet (Brasor) (Mrs.
Edmund R.), 672, 992, 993. Henry,
340. Herbert G., 670. H. G. E., 890.
Howard A., 416, 897. Isaac, 156.
Isaac L., 275. John, 736. Katharine
(Houghton), 673. Laura, 451. Lucius
G., 670-672, 896. Lucy J. (Plimpton),
671. Maria C. (Hastings), 670.
Maria E. (Esterbrook), 474, 670.
Mary (Shakshober), 897. Mary
Alice (Dunham), 672. Mary C.
(Cooke), 673. Oscar J., 334, 672, 673,
848. R. Morton, 765. Rufus, 387, 474,
670, 671. Sarah S. (Woodcock), 673.
Sophia, 403. Stella, 275. Sumner,
376. Tyler, 275. Wallace, 769. Wal-
ter Stewart, 672. Wheeler (Leonard)
& Company, 671-673. Wright & Com-
pany, 672, 673, 763.
Prentice, Caleb, 30.
Prentiss, Samuel, 906.
Prescott : Governor, 141. Joseph, 434.
Oman, Jr., 772.
Presidential Electors, 1025.
Preston, Miss, 82S.
Price: Catherine (Root), 286. Doctor, 93.
Edward R., 286. Elizabeth (Rowley),
2S6. Frank, 286. Harold Gaskell,
286. Hattie (Gaskell), 286. Robert
C, 286. Lieutenant Samuel H., 286,
287, 402, 774, 779. S. Harrison, 286.
Priessnitz, Vincent, 563-565, 572.
Priest, Mile C, 777.
Prince: Elisha, 181. Nathan, 181.
Nathan, Jr., 181.
Princeton: 111., 693. University, 145, 196,
239, 728, 795, 956; Nassau Hall, 145.
Printice, Daniel, 30.
Proctor: Flora A. (Frost), 478. Governor,
814, 914. Vesta, 478. William H.,
478, 866, 884.
Proctorsville, Vt., 386.
Prospect Hill Cemetery: 215, 221, 237,
551, 571, 786. Association, the, 187.
Prouty: Charles S., 420, 433, 854. Elijah,
53, 71, 73, 124, 163, 177, 178, 181.
Emerson F., 776. E. W., 362, 603.
Forester A., 764, 765, 778. Francis,
68, 73, 123, 129, 163, 181 ; Lieutenant,
156. George B., 765, 775. Captain
Henry H., 764, 765, 775, 854. John
W., 338. L. D., 369. Mary (Miller),
508. Richard, 42, 53, 68, 70, 71, 73,
102, 114, 115, 123, 163; Lieutenant,
161 ; Captain, 156.
Providence, R. I. : 219, 220, 409, 422, 452,
486, 501, 544, 918, 958, 970. Public
Library, librarian of, 970.
Province of New York, the, 34, 38, 39,
43, 53, 58, 59, 60, 74, 91.
Provo, Utah, 436.
Pueblo, Colo., 423, 480.
Pullen, Charles A., 328, 450.
Purple: Jane A. (Thomas), 408. Samuel
Burton, 408.
Putnam: Adaline J. (Barrows), 918.
Alexander C, 339. Alexander G.,
INDEX
1085
379. Mrs. A. L., 871. Alfred, 209.
Asa, in, 123, 162, 164, 181, 209;
family of, 1007. A. W., 638. Charles,
551. Charles Pickering, 551. Ebene-
zer, 17. Edwin, 327, 328, 641. Edwin
H., 335, 772, 777, 828, 849. E. L., 871.
Elizabeth Cabot, 551. Elizabeth Cabot
(Jackson), 551. Frances Cabot, 551.
Frank, 847. Frank B., 336, 828, 879,
885. Ga., 291. James Jackson, 551.
Dr. James Jackson, 551. John L.,
187, 824. Jonas, 327, 328, 848, 850.
Josiah, 209. Lemuel, 641. Lewis,
327, 328, 598, "882. Louisa Higginson,
551. Louise (Bingham), 828. Mrs.
Lydia, 868. Manufacturing Company,
the, 557. Marian Cabot, 551. Marion
(Cabot), 551. Mary J. (Draper), 943.
Sophia (Dickerman), 209. Susan W.
(Dickerman), 209, 403. William E.,
583, 776. W. W., 882.
Putney: Road, 34, 42, 185. Vt., 6, 27, 38
48, 67, 104, 113, 116, 118, 120, 121
123, 127, 156, 159, 175, 179, 188, 248
249, 329, 330, 334, 341, 349, 352, 375
377, 453, 498, 519, 520, 524, 542, 547
557, 581, 628, 635, 693, 764, 765, 771
861, 906, 926, 928, 964, 965; "the in
habitants of," 104. West Hill, 67, 628.
Pyramid Lake, Nev. 939.
Quabug Seminary, Warren, Mass., 819.
Quebec, Canada, 141.
Raleigh, N. C, 927.
Rand: J. R., 882. Kirk, 765, 775.
Randall: & Clapp, 506. James P. B., 777.
Randalls Island, 822.
Randoll, James B., 3.35, 861.
Randolph: Mass., 939. Vt., 819; Acad-
emy, 689.
Ranger: Abby (Wheeler), 621, 678. Ara-
bella N. (Smith), 401, 678. Bethuel.
362, 401, 440, 441, 678, 690, 697.
Bethuel, Jr., 678. Elizabeth (Peck),
678. Ellen S., 678. Sarah G. (Smiley),
678. & Thompson, 440.
Rangoon, Burma, 453.
Ranney: Madison, 415. Peter, 777. Dr.
W. R., of Townshend, 444, 622, 907.
Ransom : Edward Minturn, 209. Elizabeth
F. (Noyes), 248. Dr. Farnsworth E.,
248. Harriet E. (Dickerman), 209.
Rappe, Bishop, 649.
Rawson: Lucy (Chase), 661. Rufus W.,
406.
Ray: Addie V. (Pratt), 609. & Boyden,
405. John J., 609, 985. John L., 405,
609, 610.
Raymond: Charles, 454, 860, 861. & Com-
pany, of Boston, 411.
Read : James, 30. Judge, of Bellows Falls,
987. Lavant M., 335.
Readsboro, Vt., 585.
Ream's Station, Va., 768.
Red field : Levi, 181. Virginia Sowers
(Hunt), 729.
Red House, N. C, 771.
Reed : Charles, 402. C. F., 850. Cyrus L.,
847. Mr. and Mrs. E. F., 876. F. E.,
406. Ferdinanda Emilie (Wessel-
hoeft), 574. F. W., 885. Gratia, 403.
Henry, 378, 612. James M., 340.
Mary, 403, 450. Merrill, 507. Sarah
C, 450. Rev. Willard, 574.
Reeve: Rev. Abner, 51, 56, 70, 71, 72, 74-
81, 162, 174, 181. Deborah (Blakes-
!ee), 79. Deborah (Tapping), 78.
Eliza, 79. Erastus, 78. John, 79.
Mary, 78. Obadiah, 51, 79. Phoebe
(Blakeslee), 79, 81. Phoebe (Foster),
51, 79. Rhoda (Adams), 79. Rhoda
(Blakeslee), 79. Robert, 78. Silas,
78, 79, 81, 85, 87, 88, 90, 177. Judge
Tapping. 78, 79, 80, 527 ; published
works of, 79. Thomas, 73, 78.
Reeve : farm, 78. 81 : lot. the, 51 ; pasture,
168; place, 43, 79. 168.
Rehoboth, Mass., 152, 159.
Reid, F. T., 884, 8S5.
Remington: Charles H., 777. F. E., 77S.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy,
N. Y., 742.
Reporter, The, 236, 301, 313, 380.
Representatives in Congress, 1025.
RetuHican. The, 420.
Retreat for the Insane, the, Hartford,
Conn., 429.
Retting: Block. 171. & Brown, 628. 703.
Charles, 703. 704. Elizabeth C.
(Leonard) (Mrs. L. J.), 704, 871.
Emma, 704. Florence Leonard, 704.
Fred, 704. Frederick, 703. Hattie
L. (Rice), 704. John H., 704, 889.
John Johann Jacob, 485, 703, 704, 851,
865. Leopold J., 703, 704. Marie
(Klein), 704. Mary, 704. Matilda,
704. Minna (Bishop"). 704.
Revere: Hall, 607, 643. House, the, 366,
406, 556. 557, 607, 627, 649, 698;
building, 471.
Reynolds: Henry A., 771. Mary (.Aldisi,
713.
Rhinebeck, N. Y., 754, 756.
1086
INDEX
Rhinecliff, N. Y., 727.
Rice: Amos, 163. Amy (Jones), 700.
Barzillai, 129. Charles B., 354, 355,
698, 699, 700, 764, 767, 775, 818. &
Crane, 421. Eleanor F., 700. Eph-
raim, 156, 163, 181. E. S., 327. Fanny
B. (Crosby) (Mrs. C. B.), 462, 696,
698, 700, 872. George A., 765. Hat-
tie L. (Bryant), 414. Hattie L. (Ret-
ting), 704. Henry H., farm of, 434.
Lieutenant Henry H., 775. Howard,
700. Howard C, 421, 700. James,
181. J. B., 698. John, 677. Lieu-
tenant Jonas, 88, 156. Liberty, 406,
607. Marion M., 700. Marion S., 700.
& Robinson, 633. Samuel H., 414.
Shepard, 433; place of, 77, 78, 79.
Widow, 179, 181. William, 64. Wil-
liam K., 777.
Richards : Honorable Mark, of Westmin-
ster, .531, 906, 907. Sarah (Bradley),
531. Professor W. C, 830.
Richardson : Annie E., 693. Betsey
(Stearns), 692, 888. C. A., 889. Cas-
sius M. C, 693, 820, 889. Charles J.,
693. Charles W., 475, 693, 885. Clara
L. (Pierce), 693. Edwin B., 693.
Ellen E. (Tyler), 913. Errol W., 693.
Farm, the, 40. Frank B., 190. Fred
A., 693. Fred J., 693. Helen J.
(Wilcutt), 693. Henry A., 765, 775.
Henry I., 693. Howard, 475, 693.
Isaiah, 88, 692, 693. John, of Bos-
ton, 552. John H., 693, Laura
(Ketchum), 819. Leonora, 693.
Leonora (Hunt) (Mrs. C. M. C), 393,
693, 820, 872. Lord & Holbrook, 234,
496, 788; publications of, 234. Louisa
Higginson (Cabot), 552. L. S., 777.
Lucius H., 475, 693. Lucy M. (Ware),
693. Marion, 475, 693. Mary (Ryder),
413. Mary A. (Esterbrook), 475, 693.
Mr., 268, 269, 392. Captain Nelson,
302-306. Oscar W., 693, 776. Silas
W., 767, 850. Sophia R. (Plummer),
692, 888. Victoria M., 69.3. Vinnie
May (Elmer), 475, 693. William, 778.
William F., 692, 851, 888. William
H., 693, 885. W. P. 652, 65-3.
Richford, N. Y., 624. .
Richmond: Va., 171, 369, 420, 767, 768,
779, 780, 786, 813. Warren, 628.
Riddle, E. S., 327.
Ripley: & Fowler, 504. Hale & Todd,
Hinsdale, N. H., 306. James C, 765,
775. John P., 765, 775.
Ripton College, 494.
Risbey: Alice C. (Clark), 230. Charles
A., 230.
Rittenhouse, Mr., 137.
River Boat, Cargo of a, 301.
Road 4, 55.
Robbins: Abigail (Hayes), 202. Dr.
Artemas, 315, 316, 333, 338, 347, 366.
Asa, 202. Charles O., 885, 889. Eli-
zabeth (Smith), 493. James F., 362.
Marcus, 1014; Family, the, 1014.
Mary (Coolidge), 316. Mr., 348.
Nathaniel, 316.
Roberts: Arthur, 889. Charles, 647.
Colonel, 810. Honorable John, 375.
Robertson: Charles, 381. Julia M,
(Nichols), 381. O. D., 889. William,
328.
Robinson: Beverly, 132. Catherine P.
(Kirkland), 545. Daniel S., 778.
Elsinore (Crowell), 843. Frances S.
M. (Kirkland), 462, 545. Jonathan,
267, 268. Honorable Jonathan, 545.
John, of Bellows Falls, 423. J. S.,
375. Moses, 121.
Rochester: Minn., 491, 623. N. Y., 389,
485, 590, 658, 669, 697, 979, 993.
Rochester Theological Seminary, Roches-
ter. N. Y., 456.
Rockford. III., 397, 398, 781, 782.
Rockingham, Vt, "116, 118, 127, 159, 179,
207, 334, 701, 710, 711, 928.
Rockville, Conn., 624.
Rockwell: Abbie. 431. Alice (Smith), 935.
Charles, 428. Captain Charles F.,
431, 775, 779. Charles Farnum. 935.
Ellen E. (Mowe), 431, 935. Maria
Farnham (Chapin), 429, 431. Mary
J. W. (Haight), 935. Mary K.
(Thatcher), of Sisterhood of St. John
Baptist, 431. Sarah Haydon, 428.
William F., 340. William Haydon,
M.D., 317, 353, 367, 376, 426. 428-432,
435, 440, 442, 600, 612, 613, 663, 848,
932, 935, 942; Principal of Nichols
Academy, Dudley, Mass., 429 ; assist-
ant physician Hartford Retreat, 429.
William H., Jr., 431, 629, 648, 935.
William H., Ill, 935.
Rockwood : Honorable Ebenezer, of Bos-
ton, 524. Mr., of Greenfield, 376.
Rodgers: George M., 776. John, 740.
Reel, A. W., 876.
Roess : Mrs. (Ascherman), 862. Christian,
862. Delia (Leonard), 862. Eliza-
beth (Rummelman), 862. Hattie L.
(.Morse), 862. Herbert C, 862. John
Diedrich, 862. John L., 862.
INDEX
1087
Rogers: Arietta E. (Capen), 618. Dr. G,
H., 618. Jonathan, 740. John, 845,
John, 910. Lieutenant Joseph, 156.
Mary (Cabot), 740. Newman & Tol-
man, 412, 413. Polly (Maes), 740.
Roleau, W. H., 850.
Rood, Nathan G., 777.
Roosevelt: Rosetta (Fitch), 316. Presi-
dent Theodore, 278, 960, 965.
Root (Roote) : Addie Esther (Greene),
820. Ariel, 333. Catherine (Price),
286. Catherine (Sargent), 285.
Family, the, 391. Frances E. (Law-
rence), 286, 555. Frederick D., 777,
850. George F., 850. Henry, 476.
Joseph G., 340, 467. Lydia (Frost),
476. Lydia B. (Kilburn), 476. Mary
(Seymour), 369. Moses, 285. Ensign
Samuel, 67, 156; Lieutenant, 120, 123,
162, 167, 168, 177, 181, 282, 389, 390,
400, 442; Captain, 285, 325. 333, 339,
367, 555, 604. Thomas, 285. Timo-
thy, 168.
Rose: H. R., 850. Joseph, 17.
Ross: Flora Starr (Dunton), 398. George
Thomas O., 398, Mary Virginia, 398.
Ovington, 398. Prudence Ovington,
398. William Hulin, 398.
Round Mountain, 190.
Rowe: Elijah J., 190. Harry, 882.
Rowell: Dr. Charles E., 755. Dr. Edward
E., 755. Elizabeth (Thompson), 731,
754, 755. Mary (Atwood), 754.
Samuel, 754. Thomas, 754.
Rowland, Rev. Edmund, 647.
Rowley, Elizabeth (Price), 286.
Roxbury, Mass.: 110, 428, 724, 932. Latin
School, 662.
Royal University of Munich, the, 976,
Royall: Joseph, 251. Mary, 251. Sarah
(Tyler), 251.
Royalston, Mass., 329.
Rugg, George, 828, 872.
Ruggles, Nourse, Mason & Company, 793.
Rummelman, Elizabeth (Roess), 862.
Russell: D. P., 291. Frances L. (Ellis),
291. Judge John, of New Haven, 200.
Rev. John, of Hadley, Mass., 200.
Rebecca (Hayes), 200. Renouf, 732.
Sarah (Trowbridge), 200. Susan
(Wesselhoeft), 732. Waldo D.. 764,
775. William E., 645, 743. William
R., 776.
Russell's Collegiate and Commercial Insti-
tute, New Haven, Conn.. 492.
Rutherford: N. J., 688. Walter, 647.
Rutland: Mass., 11, 475. Vt., 13, 170, 192,
209-211, 240. 244, 353, 487. 636. 649.
711. 713. 734, 769, 790, 793, 821, 849,
950, 962.
Rutledge, John, 133.
Ryan: Alice Brooks (Partridge), 927. Mr.
and Mrs. A. H., 650. Cynthia <Green-
leaf), 197. Elizabeth, 927. Francis
G„ 927. Love Crowl (Ball) (Fisk),
557, 558. Matilda (Brooks) (Dud-
ley), 927.
Ryder: George H., 413. Mrs. J. H., 871.
John R., 413, 867. Marcia (Parker),
413. Mary (Richardson). 413. Wil-
liam, 413.
Ryswick, the peace of, 6.
Ryther: Delia P. (Jewett). 422. D. Jewett,
423, 776, 779. Dwight L., 423. Fam-
ily, the, 391. George H., 423. Dr.
Gideon, 422. Martha (Clark), 422.
Sylvia (Alexander), 422. William E.,
246, 419, 422, 423, 599.
Ryther's Arcade. 420, 595.
Sabin, Captain Ebenezer, 324.
Saco, Me., 744.
Saelzer, E., 612.
SafFord, Captain Joseph, 128.
Saint Lucie, Fla., 627.
Salem: Conn., 441, 627. Heights, 767, 779.
Mass., 213, 383, 546, 549, 582, 680,
740, 886, 901. N. J., 812.
Salisbury: Barnard, 181. Clarissa, 450.
& Company, 441. Conn., 429, 431,
706. Elizabeth C. (Stearns), 415.
Captain George H., 324, 503, 555, 854.
Hale, 181. Hannah (Butterfield), 246.
Harriet E. (Conant), 351, 446. Heze-
kiah, 156, 163, 178. 181. 340. Captain
Jonathan. 156, 164, 181, 246. Leroy,
577. Mary C, 247. Mass., 191, 754.
Md., 668. Oliver, 163, 181. Susan B.,
246, 247, 351, 468; the Susan B.
Salisbury Fund, 463. Widow. 179.
181. William, 163.
Salt Lake City, Utah, 704.
Saltonstall: Alice (Wesselhoeft), 732.
Governor Gurdon, 6, 27. Katherine
(Brattle), 27. Leverett, 732.
Salvation Army, the, 892.
Samson : Abisha. 87. Argy N., 765.
Eleanor H. (Newton), 706. Nathan-
iel, 87, 88, 90, 157, 176, 433.
Sampson. Nathaniel, 697.
Samuel, Emma Amelia (Vinton), 692.
Samuels, George, 404.
San Antonio, Tex., 799, 808.
Sanborn : Edward, 382. Mr., 798.
1088
INDEX
Sanbornton, N, H., 937.
Sand, Karl Ludwig, 564.
Sanders: Eva (Pettee), 447. J. P., 472.
Sanderson: Asa W., 607. Captain, of
Petersham, Mass., 213.
San Diego, Calif., 409, 492, 671.
San Francisco, Calif., 239, 432, 497, 527,
547, 709, 717, 753, 805, 809, 816, 898,
899, 900, 925, 926.
Sankey, Grace Joselyn (Phelps), 805.
Santa Barbara, Calif., 956.
Santa Cruz, Calif., 899.
Santa Monica, Calif., 927.
Santiago, Cuba, 504.
Saratoga, N. Y., 185, 440, 590.
Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 185.
Sargent (Sergeant) ; Abigail (Gorton), 17,
107. Abigail (Jones), 17. Alexander,
338. Anna (Greenleaf), 197. B. L.,
890. Calvin, 338. Catherine (Root),
285. Charles W., 876, 887. Captain
Chester, 324, 325. Daniel, 17, 18.
Digory, 17. Electa (Dutton), 812.
Eli, 161, 181, 285, 338, 341, 347; Cap-
tain, 324, 325. Elihu, 157, 338. Fam-
ily, the, 997. George, 34, 339, 340,
353, 457. George B., 327, 328. Henry,
35. Homestead, the, 285. H. W., 876.
Isaac, 636. James, 34. Jennie M.
(White), 860. Lieutenant John, 17,
18, 33, 34, 43, 52, 63; Captain, 71, 73,
101, 102, 103, 114, 115; house of, 116,
117. Colonel John, 18, 33, 34, 67,
107, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128,
135, 157, 161, 164, 181, 324; regiment
of, 127. John L., 169. 433. John S.,
442. Leavitt R., 392, 860, 861. Levi,
161, 338, 339. Mrs. Lucy, 876. Maria
(Lawton), 860. Mary. 17. Mary, 17.
Mary (Kathan), 33. Nathan, 937.
Mrs. Olive M., 454. Oscar, 586. Rod-
ney B., 777. Roxanna (Frost), 478.
Sergeant Rufus, 17, 18, 157. Samuel,
167, 169, 207. S. S., place of, 168.
Stephen. 601. Thomas, 17, 18, 34,
43, 50, 52, 64, 73, 103, 123, 161, 177,
ISl. Thomas, Jr., 161.
Sargent land. Indenture of, 34.
Sartwell: Jemima, 15. Josiah, 15, 708.
Lucy (Hosley), 157. Mary, 357.
Nathaniel, 157. Sylvanus, 157, 178,
181, 339.
Sartwell's Fort, 15, 708.
Satterlee, Mrs, Churchill (Helen S. Fol-
som), 745.
Saunders, James, 778.
Savage, Samuel Phillips, 251.
Savage Station, 779, 782.
Savannah, Ga., 220, 573, 768.
Savory, Moses B., 878.
Sawyer: Edwin H., 618. Edmund H., 288.
Eliza H., 815. Evelyn (Severance),
938, 939. Ezra, 815. Florence, 938.
Frances E. (Pratt), 670. Franklin,
652, 653. Franklin H., 938. G. Edwin,
817. Genevieve (Trust), 817. Joshua,
181. Martha (Palmer) (Mrs. N. C),
815-817, 880. Mary A. (Farnsworth),
288. & Miller, 938. Nancy (Taft),
938. Colonel Nathaniel Chandler,
648, 774, 815-817, 880. Mrs. N. P.,
621. Ruth (Fuller), 418. Sarah
(Pellerin) (Capen), 618. Sarepta H.,
618. & Smith, 938. Rev. Thomas J.,
385.
Saxe, John G., lecture by, 399, 830.
Saxtons River, Vt., 248, 633, 864, 866, 919,
928, 931.
Schadt: Ella C. (Adams), 703. Dr.
George, 703.
Schagticoke, 3, 14.
Schemerhorn, Alfred, 581.
Schenectady, N. Y., 21, 698, 751, 815.
Schneider, Conrad, 882.
Schofield. Major Robert, 774.
School District No. 2, bequest to, 475.
School of Fine Arts, the, Paris, 726.
Schools, Private : Belair Institute, West
Brattleboro, 920. Brattleborough
Academy, 188-190. The New Brattle-
borough Academy, 658-660. Burnside
Military School (Colonel Miles'
School), 99, 661-664, 836. Mrs. Car-
penter's School, 382. Elm Hall Semi-
nary, 661. Fremont School for Young
Ladies ("Parson Brown's School"\
660, 661. Glenwood Ladies' Seminary,
665, 666. The Howland School, 593,
594, 753. Miss Kimball's School, 382.
Laneside Boarding School for Young
Ladies, Miss Louisa A. Barber, 667,
668, 753. Miss Melendy's School, 382.
Melrose Academy, 697. Melrose
Seminary, the, 387, 658. Miss Re-
becca Peck's Select School, 270, 349,
382. Saint Helen's School for Boys
and Girls, 668, 669. Mr. Edward
Sanborn's School for Boy's, 382. Miss
Florence Sawyer's School, 668. Select
School for Young Ladies, 661. Miss
Amelia Tyler's School, 277, 382-384,
713, 723, 837, 979. Miss E. Whit-
comb's School, 382.
Schuster : Addison B., 397. Anna May,
INDEX
1089
397. Ann E., 397. Ann E. (Brown),
397, 573. Christian F., 397, 572, 573,
584, 666, 993. Elizabeth F. (Twitch-
ell), 397. Lizzie (Butterworth), 397.
Lora, 397. Margaret, 397. Paul B.,
397. Paul F., 397.
Schuyler, Colonel Peter, 33.
Schwenk, Anthony F., 335, 914.
ScoUey, John, 109.
Scotch Plains, N. J., 542.
Scott: Fanny, 357. Farm, the, 579. Leon-
ard, 338, Leslie, 884, 885. Rufus,
579. William, 773.
Scovell, Abner, Jr., 45, 181.
Scovil, Abner, 46, 48, 71, 73, 162, 181;
Abner Scovil's, 168.
Scranton, Pa., 422.
Searl, Lieutenant Elisha, of Northampton,
10.
Searle, Samuel, 30.
Searles : Arthur, 575. Emma (Wessel-
hoeft), 575.
Sears: Michael, 777. Mr., teacher in High
School, 403.
Seattle, Wash., 694.
Seaverns : Florence (Waite), 677. Hough-
ton, 677.
Second Meeting-House, the, 172-178.
Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs,
1025.
Secretary to Governor and Council, 1025.
Secretary of State, 1025.
Sedgwick, Judge, 262.
Sedgewick, Mass., 262.
Seeger : Charles L., Jr., 593. Constance
de Cly\'er (Edson), 593.
Seekonk, Mass., 411.
Seelye: J. H., 830. L. Clark, 830.
Segar, Henry, 161.
Seibert, Herr, 570.
Selectmen from 1781 to 1895, List of the,
1019.
Selleck: Daniel, 853. Lieutenant George
E., 769, 770, 775, 853, 856, 973. Kate,
462.
Sergeant Farm, the. 200.
Severance; Dr. Charles E., 912, 938.
Chester, 938. Evelyn (Sawyer), 938,
939. Rev. Kendall, 939. Martha
(Smith), 938. Samuel. 19.
Seymour: Conn., 678. C. S., 368. Epaph-
roditus, 286, 366-368, 424, 427,596,603,
609, 794, 886. Ex-Governor, of New
York, 581, 794. Family, the, 391.
Henry, 368. Horatio, 368, 907. Mary
(Root), 369. Major Moses, 368.
Shafter: & Davenport, 913. Oscar L.,
931.
Shafters, the, 752.
Shakshober: John, 897. Mary (Pratt),
897.
Shanghai, China, 589.
Sharp, Rev. Mason W., 418.
Sharus, Reuben, 181.
Shattuck : Alvin, 631. Andrew Jackson,
240. Cyrus, 186. Edmund, 340.
Lemuel, 338.
Shattuck's Fort, 22.
Shaw : Chief Justice, 724. F. L., 884, 885.
Rev. H. H., 660, 870. Rev. Joseph
Coolidge, 649. Mary Frances (Bis-
sell), 624. Mr., Proprietor of the
American House, 406. University,
Raleigh, N. C, 635, 910.
Shays's Rebellion, 254, 255.
Shea: Alice (Glidden), 955. Alice
(Howe), 657. Angelica Barracleough
(Smith), 954, 955. Count Dillon, 954.
Judge George, 840, 870, 954, 955.
George, Jr., 955. Mary Ritter, 955.
Shearer, F. T., 880, 882.
Sheboygan, Wis., 397.
Sheffield: Conn., 207. Mass., 664.
Shelburn, Earl of, 62.
Shelburne, Vt., 825.
Shelburne Falls, Mass. : 668, 934, 938, 945.
Academy, 931.
Sheldon: Amasa, 39, 60. Blanche (Kirk-
land), 546. Elijah, 39, 60, 181. Han-
nah (Wells), 36, 130. Remembrance,
39, 60. Solomon, 181. Vt., 582.
Shepard : Augustus D., President of
American Bank Note Company, 543.
Daisy (Bright), 543. Eleanor M.
(Miller), 543. Joanna Elizabeth
(Mead), 543.
Shephard, Lticy (Knight), 136.
Shephardson, Samuel, 284.
Shepherd, August M., 597, 679.
Sheppley, Ether, 744.
Sheridan, General, 770.
Sheriffs of Windham County, 1024; Ap-
pointed by Joint Assembly, 1024.
Sherman: Clara Stone (Childs), 933. Clif-
ton L., 931. Cynthia (Howe), 656.
Miss Delia, 873. Dorothy (Lommen),
931. Edith (Holton), 931. Ellen
(Perkins), 931. G. E., 895. & Jenne,
372. Deacon Nathan, 656. O. L.,
867. General William T., 581.
Sherren, Thomas, 30.
Sherwin : Rev. Alden, 452. Asa, 187, 328,
411. Perry, 850.
1090
INDEX
Sherwood, William, 902.
Ship Island, Miss., 770, 799, 800, 802, 817.
Shipley, Ann (Thomas), 409.
Shirley: General, 21. Mass., 690.
Short Hills, N. J., 722.
Shumway: Ella C. (Wetherell) (Ester-
brook), 674. Frederick, 674. Levi,
159. William A., 885.
Shutesbury, Mass., 158.
Sidney, N. Y., 128.
Sikes: Elizabeth (Edwards) (Mrs. Uriel),
342, 462, 481. Elizabeth (Cune), 357,
481. House, the. 187, 263, 499. Rev.
Lewis E.. 340, 481. Mary L. (Kel-
logg), 481, 711. Uriel, 339, 348, 362,
405, 463, 480, 711.
Sikes' Temperance House, 362, 463, 481 ;
Hotel, 405.
Silliman, Prof. Benjamin, 313.
Simblin, Sieur Lewis, 19.
Simonds : Abel, 181. Abraham B., 450.
Albert J., 335. Alfred, 387, 652.
Lieutenant Charles P., 405, 772, 775,
848. Charles H.. 778. Deacon David,
657. Erastus, 769, 776. Family, the,
1015. Fred W., 765, 767, 775. George
B., 187. Harvey, 849. Jane, 404.
John L., 861. J. W., 849. Leonard
W., 76.5, 775. Martha B. (Howe),
657. P. & Company, 442. Perrin.
327. & Pullen, 705. Sophia L. (Van
Doom), 487.
Simpson: Anna, 581. Charles 0., 581.
Elizabeth B. (Davenport). 705. Har-
riet Booth (Smith), 494. Thomas,
159. William H., 494.
Siou.x City, Iowa, 202, 975.
Sioux Falls, S. D., 192, 932, 946.
Sisters of St. Joseph, the, 650.
Sivas. Turkey, 484.
Skinner: Harriet H. (Noyes), 249. Jennie
(Chapin), 503. John L., 249. Rev.
Warren, 386.
Slate; Catherine W. (Miller) (Stevens),
416. Charles S., 776, 779. Emily M.
(Thompson), 416. Genevieve, 416,
462. Captain Joseph, 545. Mary E.
(Kirkland), 462, 545, 546. Orrin, 416,
939. Sylvia Webster, 545. & Wil-
kins, 939.
Slater: Enid (Hunt), 725. Esther
(Welles), 725. Horace N., 725.
Horatio Nelson, "725. Mabel C.
(Hunt), 725. Paul, 725. Ray, 725.
Samuel, 725.
Slesinger, S. B., 581.
Sloat, Madison, 440.
Smalley: Bradley B., 793. Judge David
A.. 675, 962.
Smead : Colonel Asaph, 504. Benjamin,
65, 97, 194, 195. Joseph, 39, 60.
Mary Jane (Dickinson), 504. Mary
Newton, 504. Quartus, 332.
Smiley: Rev. E., 387. James F., 678.
Sarah G. (Ranger) (Mrs. John B.),
678.
Smith: Abigail (Chandler), 200. Albert,
169. Albert A., 862. Alice (Rock-
well), 935. Alice Janette (Brown),
221. Alvah, 865. Mrs. A. N., 620.
Angelica Barracleough (Shea), 954,
955. Ann, 402. Anna (Balestier),
590. Anna W. (Wheeler), 221. Ann
Maria (Craig) (Monroe), 494. Ara-
bella N. (Ranger) (Mrs. Calvin), 678.
Arthur H., 935. Asa G., 339. C. A.,
865. C. H., 702. Charles, 774, 776,
778. Charles A., 928. Charles R.,
494. Chloe (Hayes), 55, 200. Rev.
Clifford Hayes, 220. & Coffin, 846.
Rev. C. S., 944. Cushman, 954. De-
borah (Blake), 207. Ebenezer, 30.
Miss E. D., 462. Edgar Burr, 828.
Edward, 129. Elisha D., 494, 873;
bequests of, 494. Elizabeth, 402, 620.
Elizabeth (Robbins), 493. Elizabeth
Dickinson, 494. Elizabeth Robbins,
494. Ellen (Ware), 693. Elmer, 494.
Mr. and Mrs. E. R., 876. Erastus,
494. Fanny (Hayes), 202. F. L.,
865. Floyd, 926, 954. Rev. Francis,
647. Rev. F. S., 892. Rev. F. W.,
629. George, 777. Gerrit, 624, 955.
Harriet Booth (Simpson), 494. Har-
riet G. (Dearborn) (Daniels), 928.
Henrietta Augusta (Fessenden), 239,
494. Henry, 334, 339, 367, 402.
Henry, 819. Major Henry, 183, 184,
239, 367, 371, 372, 400, 493, 500, 600,
605; house of, 596. Henry F., 434.
Henry Robbins, 402, 494. Henry S.,
494. Hervey, 778. Howard, 220. &
Hunt, 633, 865. Isabel B. (Kirkland),
546. Israel, 49, 55, 114, 115, 116, 118,
128, 133, 145, 162, 169, 178, 200, 201.
James, 162. James S., 693. Jane
(Smith), 494. Jane Robbins, 494.
Jeanie (Newman), 413. Jonathan,
163, 178, 181; General Jonathan, 326.
Josiah, 181. Julia A. (Mowry), 494.
J. Wilder, 546. Kate (Ketchum), 819.
Leverett, 340. Levi, 181. Levi, of
Granby, Mass., 202. Lucia (Crosby),
696. Lyman E., 701. Marjorie
INDEX
1091
(Crosby), 701. Martha (Severance),
938. Martha (Votey), 220. Mary
Caroline (Dickerman), 209. Mary E.
(Waterman), 969. Mary Elliot, 220.
Matilda C. (Brooks), 926, 954. Rev.
Matthew Hale, 385. Mr., 629. Naomi,
357. Nellie Bartlett, 220. Noah, 181.
Oscar, 850. Oshea, 696. Captain
Perry, 324. Honorable Peshine, 590.
Reuben, 163. Ruth P. (Dickinson),
493. S. A., 865 ; & Company, 506, 865.
Seth, 71, 73, 110, 114, 115, 125, 147.
S. Gilbert, 168, 176. 197, 220. Sophia
(Elliot), 220. Sylvia (Dana), 494.
Thomas, 39. Timothy J., 775. W. H.,
882. William, 306. William, of New
York, 39. 61, 132, 134. Windsor, 493.
& Woodcock, 626.
Smith College, 414, 674, 680, 958.
Smith's, 183.
Smith's Ferry, Mass., 702.
Smithfield, R. I., 438.
Smithtown, L. I., 78, 79.
Smyth : President E. C., 737. Governor,
of New Hampshire. 887.
Smythe: Elizabeth G. (Marshall), 975.
William E., 975.
Snell, Professor, 830.
Snow: Daniel, 181. George R., 328. Rol-
lin, 450.
Social Life. 318.
Society for Propagating the Gospel in For-
eign Parts, the. 77, 135.
Somerset, Vt., 180, 988.
Somerville, Mass., 936, 95S.
Southampton, L. I., 79.
Southboro, Mass., 668, 707, 750.
Southbridge, Mass., 418.
South Coventry, Conn., 715, 833.
South Dakota, University of, Vermilion,
990,
South Farms, Conn., 368.
Southgate : Bishop, 647. Rev. William,
403, 647.
Southhaven, N. Y.. 79.
South Lancaster, Mass., 992.
South Londonderry, Vt., 893, 959, 961, 987.
South Mountain, 813.
Southold (Southwold), L. L, 36, 78, 79,
196.
South Reading (Wakefield), Mass., 690.
Sparks, Jared, 580.
Spaulding: Rev. Albert D., 892. Edward,
M.D., 229. Electa (Clarke), 229.
Frank W., M.D., 435. Lieutenant
Fred, 775. Frederick, 229. Henry
G., 229, 658. Deacon Jacob, 43, 52,
71, 73, 102, 103, 123, 157, 162, 176,
181. Jotham, 163. Lieutenant Leon-
ard, 104, 131. Reuben, 603. Dr.
Reuben, 229, 387, 442.
Spear, C. L., 850.
Spencer: Annie N. (Greene), 821. Asher,
438-440, 605. Charles. 859. & Com-
pany, 491. & Dawley, So9. Dr. Elihu,
145. Elizabeth (Johnson), 438. &
Kingsley, 438, 439, 596. Porter, 491.
Spenser : & Douglas, shop of, 845. Mary
(Crowell), 843, 871. S. M., 862, 863.
Spohn, Surgeon Henry, 774.
Spokane, Wash., 414.
Spooner, S. W., 442.
Sprague: Rev. F. W., 388. Jonathan, 30.
Rev. L. H., of Jamaica. Vt., 418. Miss
Mary, 880. Watson X., 777.
.Spring, Doctor, 348.
Springfield: III, 721, 770. Mass., 5, 8, 10,
118. 121, 213, 248, 254, 284, 334, 411,
422, 438, 439, 501, 544, 558, 615, 616,
624. 633, 640, 641, 674, 677, 678, 682,
698, 703, 737, 815, 829. 832, 854, 860,
885, 9.33, 941, 947, 980, 990; West,
221. Ohio, 500, 956. Vt., 13, 17, 118,
121, 408, 700, 919, 920; North, 554.
Squakheag (Northfield), 7.
Squares, Medad, 439.
Squires: Emily Ann (Dickinson), 209.
Jane, 450.
Stacy : Davis Bevins, 592. Jeannette
(Charlier), 592, 593. Sarah (Van
Dyke), 592.
Stafford: Jonathan, 103. Joseph G., 462.
Stafford's, 167.
Stage-House, the, 183-185.
Stage Notices, 185.
Stages, Boston and Albany, 185.
St. Albans, Vt., 710, 712, 729, 761, 772,
812, 820, 866, 913, 961.
Stamford, Conn., 548, 680, 755.
Standclift, Solomon, 327.
Stanford. Clarissa, 357.
Stanley Rule Company, the, 414, 415, 544.
Stanley Rule & Level Company, the, 415,
591, 865.
Stannard, General. 768, 772, 787, 813, 819.
Stanton, Secretary of War Edwin M., 784,
785, 792, 804.
Staples : Charles G., 367. Mrs. Emma
Pearson (Thomas), 409. N. L., 850.
Stark : General, 68. Tames L., 375. Rev.
Jedediah L., 90. 176, 483. Mr., 175.
Starkey: Henry, 406. Orin. 387. Smith,
328.
Starr: Alice H. (Faulkner), 945. Alta C.
1092
INDEX
(Cressy), 945. Anna (Burgess), 945.
Arthur P., 945. Clarissa (Blanchard),
945. Cornelia L. (Cutting), 990.
Elizabeth (Brown), 397. Florence
(Murray), 945. Florida (Brown),
397. Janette (Clapp), 505. Leon Par-
ley, 945. Lucretia Nevins, 397.
Melancthon, 397. Nettie E. (Cle-
ment), 945. Honorable Parley, 367,
635, 866, 867, 944, 945.
States Attorneys : Appointed by County
Court, 1023; Appointed by Joint As-
sembly, 1023; Elected by People and
Biennially after 1869, 1023.
Statesman, The, 420.
Statistics of Asylum Estate, the, 432-435.
Staunton, Va.. 279.
St. Clair, William, 971.
Steamboats coming to Brattleboro, 304-
306.
Stearns: Deacon Augustus A., 415, 850.
Mrs. A. J., 874. Benjamin. 221.
Betsey (Richardson), 692. C, 406.
& Company, 415. Daniel, 50, 157.
Dinah (Wheeler), 221. Doctor, of
Hartford Retreat, 428. E. A. & Com-
pany. 641. Edward A., 415, 765, 775.
Elizabeth (Kelly), 228. Elizabeth C.
(Salisbury), 415. Emory, 328, 387.
George A., 776. Isaiah, 328. Mrs.
Isaiah, 409. John, 415. Mr., 162. &
Ray, 405. Reuben. 87, 158, 178, 385.
Samuel. 221. Dr. Samuel, 135, 221-
229; published works of, 226. Mrs.
Sarah, 228.
Stebbins: Captain Adolphus, 314, 324,
340, 411, 416, 1013; shop of. 111. D.
Elmira (Field), 314. Ella, 314. John,
403. 850. John H., 314, 416. Levi,
177, 178, 181, 416. Zebediah. 181.
Stehbs & Company, Wooster, Ohio, 478.
Stedman : Clara M., 624. Daniel Bissell,
420, 624, 777, 854, 856, 868, 869.
Ebenezer, 30. Elvira (Strong') (Mrs.
J. H.), 873. Frances O. (Fisher), 624.
Fred C, 624. Dr. Harry W., 624.
Dr. J. H., 624, 868, 873. Lucina
(Bartlett), 624. Lucina (Hotchkiss),
624. Maria L., 624. Mary F.
(Browne), 624. Mary Frances
(Shaw), 624. Salmon, 624. W. P.,
624.
Steele: Frederick L., Jr., 397. Margaret
W. (Schuster), 397.
Steen: Ann, 404. Annie E. (Flint), 246.
Edward T., 246. Elizabeth (Wood),
244. Eliza L. (Miller), 245. Hannah,
357. James, 244, 245, 281, 314, 339.
J. F., 586. Joseph, 244-246, 281, 314,
339, 352, 355, 380, 402, 419, 442, 466,
597, 600, 603, 604, 615; barn of, 353;
bookstore of, 245, 445; house of, 245,
597 ; publications of, 314. Joseph F.,
246. Laura J. (Flye), 246. Margaret
N. (Whitcher), 246. Dr. William C,
246.
Stellraan: Barbara, 219. Corinne (Blod-
gett), 219. Evelyn, 219. Frances M.,
219. Gladys, 219. Lillian (Miller),
219. L. H., 219. Louis M., 219.
Maxine, 219. Rose S. (Elliot), 219.
W. E., 219.
Stephenson: Annie W. (HoUister), 688.
John Hubbard, 688.
Stevens: Captain Aaron, 154. Rev. A. C,
629. Adele L. (Allen), 524. A. H.,
292. Rev. Alfred, 416. Miss Anna,
666. Catherine W. (Miller) (Slate),
416. Collins R., 878. Doctor, of
Guilford, 264. Eunice Elvira (Green-
leaf), 199. J. A., 869. Mr., 607.
Captain Phineas, 19. Dr. Simon, 199.
Stevens' Rocks, 19.
Stevenson: Cornelius, 581. Sarah
(Yorke), 581.
Stewart (Steward) : Abe, 882. Alonzo
Hopkins, 705. Benjamin, 181. C. W.,
850. Colonel Daniel, 87, 158, 163,
385, 473, 476. 1007. Daniel, Jr., 181.
Elizabeth (Frost), 476. Ex-Governor,
676. Fred T., 772. Izetta, 881. John,
86, 110, 163, 177, 178, 181, 188, 189.
General John, 1002. Honorable John
W., 687, 887. Mary C. (Hopkins),
705. Mildred (Lawton), 428. Phineas,
168, 387; distillery of, 370; inn of,
326. Polly (Esterbrook), 473, 474.
Stewart Hall, 386.
Stewart's Hotel, 168.
St. Gregory, Canada, 617.
St. Helier's, Island of Jersey, 740.
Stimpson. Ephraim, 130.
Stirling, Earl of, 137.
St. Johnsbury, Vt., 649, 721, 818, 882.
St. Louis, Mo., 419, 503, 507, 693, 711, 717,
751, 873, 898, 929.
St. Mark's, Southboro, Mass., 685.
Stockbridge, Mass., 262, 722.
Stockton: Calif., 497. Florence (Fitch),
316. Telfair, 316.
Stockwell: Arad, 1012; Family, the, 1012.
Charles J., 765, 775. C. S., 889.
Frank, 850. Fred, 777. George S.,
777. Harris, 328. Jesse, 181. Julia
INDEX
1093
R. (Chase), 501. Mr., of Marlboro,
67.
Stockwell's, Abel, 168, 169.
Stoddard : Judge Abishai, 908, 946. An-
thony, of Boston, 7, 27. Asa, 90.
Charles, 587. Dorothy, 947. Edgar
A., 947. Honorable Edgar W., 870,
946, 947. Elisha, 178. Elizabeth (Mc-
Cracken) (Mrs. E. W.), 947. Eliza-
beth Virginia, 947. Elsie Dwight
(Orne), 947. Florence A. (Brown),
947. Frederick A., 765. George, 404.
Rev. Ira Childs, 1015. Jacob, 65, 181.
John, 573, 587. Colonel John, 8, 9,
11, 14, 22. Jonathan, 43, 163, 177,
181. Jonathan, Jr., 181. Leroy, 328.
Maud M., 947. Mortimer J., 947.
Mr., 163. Captain Osearl, 325, 340,
451. Ralph W., 947. Samuel, 936.
Sarah, 403. Sophia, 451.
Stokes, Edward S., of New York, 558.
Stone: Alanson, 850. Alexander, 340.
Amy Sigourney (Hardie), 973. Bliss,
Fay & Allen, 523. Captain Clark P.,
775. Colonel, 766, 780. Levi, 778.
Margaret, 973. Mary, 689. Miss,
School of, Greenfield, Mass., 576. Dr.
Robert, 973.
Stoneham, Mass., 153.
Stone Mountain, Ga., 476.
St. Onge, Rev. L. N., 650.
Stonington, Conn., 808.
Storrow: Louisa (Higginson), 548. Miss
Nancy, 549, 552.
Stoughton; General Edwin H., 768, 813,
814. Mass., 208.
Stout: Elizabeth (Sibley), 196. Hannah
(Wells), 196. John, 196.
Stoves & Tin Factory, Ashbel Dickinson,
369.
Stowe: Alonzo T., 777. Vt., 380. Rev.
W. T., 387.
Stowell, Captain John, 811.
St. Paul, Minn., 100, 956.
St. Paul's, Concord, 713, 731.
Stratford : Conn., 288. Vt., 733.
Stratford Ferry, Conn., 171.
Stratton: D. Charles, 415. Eleazer, 17.
Vt., 180, 405, 444, 987.
Streeter : Adelaide (Gould), 506. Adeline
506. Angalous, 339. Captain Argillas
325. Edward, 506. Fred F., 777
Henry C, 773. James, 328, 450. Jane
404. Josephine, 506. Laura, 409,
451. Nancy Maria (Dutton), 506
Noyes, 506. Philander A., 765. Rev
Russell, 385. Uriel J., 765.
Strong: Calvin D., 778. Elvira (Sted-
man), 624. George T., 581. John,
farm of, 696. Judge Simeon, of Am-
herst, Mass., 529.
St. Stephen, N. B., 192.
Stuart, W., 882.
Stukely, Canada, 315.
Sturges, Walter E., 882.
Sturgis: Russell, 722. S. Dak., 702.
Stuyvesant, Nicholas, 39.
Stygles, Minard, 777.
Sudbury: Mass., 156. Vt., 624, 920.
Suffield, Conn., 10, 289, 498.
Suit, S. T., 500.
Sullivan: General, 254. John, -778, 780.
N. H., 230, 506, 818.
Sumner: Charles, 724. Salem, house of,
341. Willard, 403.
Sumner's Falls, 304.
Sumter, Fort, 763, 766,
Sunday School, the first, 355-357.
Sunderland: Mass., 91, 157. Vt., 703.
Sutherland : Allan Donald, 925. Dorothy
E., 925. Ethel Ruth (Brown), 541,
923. Rev. George J., 541, 925. Mar-
garet G., 925.
Sutphin Paper Company, the, 599.
Sutton, Thomas, 631.
Swain, Shipman, 340.
Swan: Colonel Ballou, 609. Elliot, 608,
609. Lavinia (Hunt), 289.
Swanton, Vt., 761, 968.
Swansea (Rehoboth), Mass., 152.
Swanzey, N. H., 390, 491.
Swanzey Centre, N. H., 307.
Swayze, Miss Minnie, 830.
Swift: Bertha (Wesselhoeft), 575. Colo-
nel Hermon, 154. Humphrey H., 575.
Swigley, James A., 854.
Swining, S., 206.
Swits: Katherine Cecilia (Hall), 751.
Nicholas, 751.
Sykes : Samuel, 450. Sophia, 430.
Symonds, Abel, 162.
Syracuse (Onondaga), 219, 249, 309, 497,
941.
Taft : Mr. and Mrs. G. B., 876. Isaac B.,
434, 889. Laura K. (Hawley), 455.
Nancy (Sawyer), 938. Nathaniel, 938.
Olive (Willard), 938. T. S., 327.
Taftsville, Vt., 455.
Taggart, Rev. Dr., 349.
Taintor: H. S., 729. Nino K. (Hunt)
(Hayes), 729.
Talcott, Joseph, 736.
1094
INDEX
Talladega College, Ala., 700.
Tallahassee, Fla., 397.
Tama City, Iowa, 945.
Tapping, Deborah, of Brookhaven, 78.
Tarlton, Ohio, 499.
Tarrytown, N. Y., 676.
Tasker: Dennis E., 606, 849, 902. L. Guy,
885.
Taunton, Mass., 210, 486, 968.
Taylor: Bayard, lecture by, 398, 830.
Brainerd D., 812, 927. Doctor, 250.
Emeline (Dutton), 812. Fanny
(Marcy), 250. General, 744. G.
Myron, 880. Helen (Willard), 714.
H. E. & Son, 811. Colonel Herbert
E., 768, 810-812, 902. Isaac, 19. J.
A., 849. Mrs. J. A., 874. Jeremiah,
810. J. G., 811, 889. Linn D., 811,
812, 927. Lucy A. (Brackett), 985.
Mary (Edwards), 810. Minnie A.
(Dearborn), 812, 927. Pardon, 97,
194. Samuel, 39, 60. Thankful (Wil-
lard), 21. Thomas, 186. President
Zachary, 789, 790.
Teake, Nellie (Crosby), 701.
Telegraphy, the first, 615-618.
Temperance : Cold Water Army, the, 463
Concordia Division of Sons of Te
perance of State of Vermont, the, 362
Young Men's Temperance Society
the, 362. Young Men's Total Ab
stinence Society, the, 362.
Temple: Rev. Levi D., 452, 453. N. H.,
661.
Templeton, Mass., 507, 545.
Tennessee College, Murfreesboro, Tenn..
455.
Tenney : D. W., 849. Elbert W., 409. John
Norman, 409. Lenna H. (Thomas).
409. Mary (Bingham), 409. Web-
ster, 409.
Terhune : Christine (Herrick), "Marion
Harland," 682. Rev. Dr. Edward P.,
682.
Terre Haute Poljrtechnic Institute,' Terre
Haute, Ind., 833.
Thacher, Mary (Higginson), 549.
Thackeray, in Greenfield, 399.
Thatcher: Mary K. (Rockwell), 431.
Thomas P., 431.
Thayer: Adaline A. (Esterbrook), 474.
Albert, 625. Alpheus, 338. L. D..
168. Lorenzo, farm of, 103. Rev.
Nathaniel, D.D., 390.
Thetford Academy, 665.
Third Meeting House in West Brattleboro,
the, 469.
Thomas: Abigail (Bangs), 408. Amos,
68. Ann (Hill), 408. Ann (Ship-
ley), 409. & Carlyle (Carlisle), 236,
263. Celia (Daggett), 408. Charles
Ruggles, 408. Chester W., 777.
Daniel, 407. Dwight Bangs, 408.
Elihu H., 313, 339, 390, 407, 411, 527,
599. Elihu H., Jr., 408, 409, 419, 654,
850. Emma Pearson (Staples), 409.
Emma R., 357. Frances (Pearson),
409. Frederick Robbins, 409. Helen
Jones (Eddy), 408. Henrietta Pratt
(Fowler), 408. Jane, 403. Jane
Abigail (Purple), 408. John, 111,
338, 1010; Family, the, 1010.
Julia Montague (Keyes), 408, 527.
Leander, 306, 850. Lenna H. (Ten-
ney), 409. & Marsh, 408. Mary
Ruggles, 407. Nina J. (DeWitt), 408.
Rachel, 357. Regina (Lake), 408.
Miss S. A. C, 668. Samuel, 433.
Sarah D. (Welling), 408. Sophia A.
(Desler), 404, 408. William B., 765,
775. William Wells, 404, 408. &
Woodcock, 245, 312, 314, 407, 408,
411.
ThomasviUe, 16, 408, 416.
Thomlinson, Vt., 180.
Thompson: Alfred H., 416, 441. A. M.,
698. Benoni, 163. Charles F., 187,
288, 354, 355, 441, 464, 465, 481, 597,
600, 604, 653, 678-680, 861, 863-865,
873, 886, 895; C. F. & Company, 861.
Charles H., 680. Charlotte, 416.
Conn., 155, 736. Daniel B., 339, 354,
440, 441, 442, 467, 678. Eben, 876.
Elizabeth (Cune) (Mrs. C. F.), 462,
481, 620, 621, 679, 680. Elizabeth
(Rowell), 731, 754-757, 805. Emily
M. (Slate) (Mrs. Henry H.), 416, 463.
Florence (Howe), 416. Fred B., 607.
Frederick A., 885. Frederick M., 680.
George, 339. Helen, 416. Helen E.,
680. Henry H., 355, 404, 416, 441,
462, 678, 828. Isaac, 158, 338, 440,
441. Jane, 404. Kathleen W. (Frost),
480. Lelia, 680. Lemuel, 158. Mary
F., 680. & Ranger, 440, 459, 499, 678 ;
store of, 596. Ruth H. (Noyes) (Mrs.
C. H.), 462, 680. Sarah (Hammond),
441. Thomas, 731, 753; the Thomas
Thompson Trust, 731. Whitefield N.,
M.D., 436.
Thompson Will, the (Provision), 756, 757.
Thoreau, in Brattleboro, 323.
Thorn: Angeline (Miner), 694. Carrie
(Horton), 694. Edwin, 694. Edwin
INDEX
1095
C, 694, 878. Dr. Edwin C, 694.
Elinor (Ingersoll), 694. Elizabeth,
694. Elizabeth A. (Jackson), 694.
Emma G. (Brooks), 694. Florence,
694. Florence (Pettee), 447, 694.
Dr. Frank A., 694. Franklin, 694.
Henry, 693. Henry C, 694. Holton,
694. I. N. & Company, 369, 694; &
Son, 694. Isaac, 693. Isaac B., 694.
Isaac N., 693, 694, 821 ; drug store of,
171. Luanna (Franklin), 694. Wal-
ter, 694.
Thorne, Oakleigh, 988.
Thornton, Major, 676.
"Thunderbolt" (Dr. Wilson), 513-515,
518; John Doherty, 515.
Thurber: H., 177. Warden, 181.
Ticknor & Field, 234.
Ticonderoga: Fort, 33. N. Y., 150, 212.
Tiffany: Ellen H. (.\llen), 523. George,
523.
Tilden : Benjamin F., 475. Cynthia J.
(Esterbrook), 475. Miss, 620. Sam-
uel J., 205.
Tillinghast, Judge, of Rhode Island, 226,
227.
Tilson, J. E., 487.
Timson: J. C, 882. R. H., 850.
Tinker: Almerin, 332. Polly (Fitch), 316.
Tiverton, R. I., 743.
Todd : Dr. Eli, 429. Edward A., 762, 764-
766, 775. Rev. John A., 676. Profes-
sor, 655. Sarah L. (Nash), 676.
Toledo, Ohio, 412, 678.
Tolland, Conn., 89.
ToUes: D. N., 850. Mrs. D. N., 874.
Tomes: Agnes Adelaide (Childs), 750, 934.
Agnes Randall (Hall), 750. Charles
F., 750. Emily R. (Flagg), 750.
Emma (Lafitte), 750. Julia (Hall)
(McCleod), 731. Dr. William Austin,
751.
Tomkinson, Rev. George E., 452.
Topeka, Kan., 410, 412, 436, 620.
Toogood, Daniel, 181.
Topliff: Frank, 833. Mary (Chandler),
833.
Torrey, Joseph, 109.
Tours, France, 501.
Tower, Rev. F. E., 452, 453.
Town Clerks, 1019.
Towne: Clara A. (Clapp), 506. Daniel,
506. Emily Rugg, 506.
Town Hall, the, 198, 327, 607, 643. 644,
647, 730, 781, 830, 838, 874, 896.
Town Records, 101, 102.
Townsend : Rev. Canon, 149. Edward H.,
581. Elizabeth (Piatt), 145. Harriet,
283. Henry, 145. Jonathan, 86, 177,
208, 318. Lois Scripture, 318. Mary
(Wells), 146. Micah, 56, 116, 119,
120, 128, 130, 134, 145-149, 162, 181,
197, 283, 299, 713, 839. Micajah, 145.
Rev. Micajah, 148, 149.
Townshend, Vt., 42, 110, 127, 129, 175,
180, 202, 370, 380, 398, 414, 444, 482,
608, 632, 636, 680, 765, 892, 907, 946,
947.
Townsley: Calvin, 353, 376, 443, 444. 457,
506, 507, 600, 603, 613, 907; &
Son, 440, 596. Charles W., 507.
H., 376. Henry, 507, Maria (Pome-
roy), 507. & Son, 507. Stella W.
(Piatt), 507.
Townsley's Store, 643.
Tracy: Frances (Wells), 100. Rachel
Huntington, 100. William Gedney, of
Utica, 100.
Train: Fanny Glover (Miles), 664. Mrs.
Horace, 664.
Tremaine, Augusta (Bradley), 732,
Trenton, N. J., 935.
Trinity: College, Hartford, Conn., 192,
220, 280, 492, 916, 949. School, 682.
University, England, 749.
Tripp: Charles A., 706. Elizabeth (Man-
sur), 706. John, 706. Mary E. (Bug-
bee), 706.
Trotter: Donald Pickering, 927. Matilda
(UUery), 927.
Trout, Rev. Delmar E., 388.
Trowbridge: Elizabeth Atwater (Tyler),
464. Harriet (Hayes), 206. Harriet
Hayes (Patton), 206. Henry, 206.
Troy, N. Y., 136, 184. 185, 249, 369, 390,
411, 439, 464, 66S, 688, 697, 712. 714,
742, 750, 806.
Troy Female Seminary, 291.
Truax: Gertrude B. (Blake), 208. Isaac,
of Albany, 208.
Trumbull, Colonel John, 252, 253.
Trust, Genevieve (Sawyer), 817.
Tryon, Governor, 134.
Tryon County. 66.
Tubbs, Ezra, 181.
Tucke. J. W., 190.
Tucker: Amos, of Halifax, 183. Doctor,
of Marlboro, 658. Dr. Henry, 912.
Mrs. Henry, 871. Joseph, 658. Mar-
garet Susan (Martin), 961. Murray
M., 961. Philip C, 334.
Tuckerman, Edward, 478.
Tufts: College, Mass., 387. Doctor, 349.
Rev. James, 202.
1096
INDEX
Tuke, Dr. D. Hack, 426.
Tunkhannock, Pa., 819.
Tuolumne County, Calif., 527.
Tapper, Hiram, 419.
Turner: Captain, 5. Cecil G., 636. D.
Bryant, 589. Emily (Hayes) (Al-
vord), 589. Evelyn, 589. Florence,
589. Sadie, 636. T. Frank, 636.
Theodore J., 776, 850.
Turners Falls, battle of, 5.
Tute: Amos, 264. Moses, 162, 181. Mr.,
110. Ziba, 181.
Tuttle: Cynthia S. (Holbrook), 497. Miss
Mary L., 828.
Twain, Mark (Samuel L. Clemens), 399,
830, 859.
Twining, Professor, 497.
Twitchell: Abbie (Fitts), 986, 987.
Daniel, 186. Edward T., M.D., 397.
Elizabeth Frances (Schuster), 397.
Dr. George B., 209, 317, 397. Helen
Hinds, 397. Margaret White (Steele),
397. Paul Schuster, 397. Roger
Thayer, 397. Susan Thayer, 397.
Tyler : Abiel Winship, 273. Amanda
(Fuller), 279. Amelia (Miss Minna),
276, 277. Amelia Sophia, 273, 275-
278, 548, 668; School of, 274, 276,
277, 279, 382-384, 837. Ann (Mur-
dock), 276. C. C, 890. Judge Charles
Royal], 272, 273, 384, 526, 539, 540,
541, 837, 838, 901, 907, 925, 947.
Clarence, 279. Daniel F., 279. Diana
(Brown), 280. Edith (Piatt), 541.
Edward A., 684. Rev. Edward R.,
267, 272, 275, 276, 365, 940. Edward
Royall, 278. Ellen (Pearson), 279.
Ellen E. (Richardson), 913. Eliza-
beth (Billings), 277, 384. Elizabeth
Atwater (Trowbridge) (Mrs. George
P.), 462, 464. Ephraim, 912. Faith,
940. Family, the, 251-280. Ferdi-
nand, 288, 353, 414, 457, 467, 603, 604,
652, 653, 678, 846 ; & Son, 407. Flor-
ence (Brown), 940. Frances Brad-
ford (Mairs), 464. Rev. George P.,
273, 277, 458, 460, 461, 463, 464, 545,
837. Lieutenant Commander George
W., 840, 940. Gertrude (Brown), 541,
925. Hanson R., 280. Helen, 541.
Honorable James M., 277, 345, 567,
428, 653, 665, 752, 795, 832, 833, 856,
870, 871-874, 889, 896, 904, 806, 907,
912, 913. Jane (Pepperell), 251. Jane
P. (Miles) (Mrs. James M.), 664, 839.
872, 913. John, 267. Major John C,
289, 414, 768, 774. General John S.,
255, 267, 272-275, 463. John Steele,
280. Colonel John Steele, 277, 280,
762, 764-766, 774, 779, 780. Joseph,
279, 339. Rev. Joseph Dennie, 273,
279. Laura B. (Keyes) (Mrs. C.
Royall), 526, 540, 620, 8.38, 871, 925.
Lavinia S. (Hunt), 289, 414. Leiia
(Williamson), 684. Lucinda B. (Cut-
ler) (Crane), 275. Major, of Green-
field, 619. Mary, 251. Mary (Hor-
ton), 280. Mary (Palmer) (Mrs.
Royall), 253, 262-272, 280, 283, 383,
837. Mary (Winship), 273. Mary
A. (Clark), 230, 280. Mary Whit-
well, 267, 272, 275, 283. & Pence,
895. Royall, 251. Chief Justice
Royall, 148, 159, 197, 213, 251-283,
299, 379, 383, 539, 834; published
works of, 256-261, 264, 269, 270.
Royall, Jr., 189, 267, 272. Rufus
Clark, 280, 775. Sarah (Royall), 251.
Sarah A. (Boardman) (Mrs. Edward
R.), 384. Sophronia (Miller), 414.
Rev. Thomas P., D.D., 270, 273, 277,
280, 940. & Thompson, 678. William,
251. William, 278. Major William
C, 273.
Tyler Block, 414; building, 472.
Tyler Lane, 255.
Tyng, Rev. Dr. Stephen H., 550, 830.
Tyringhara, Mass., 318.
Tyson: Russell, 732. Sarah M. (Bradley),
732.
Ullery: Jacob G., 894, 927. Katherine
(Brooks) (Marshall), 592, 927. Ma-
tilda (Trotter), 927.
Ulster County, 66.
Umsunduzi, Africa, 919.
Underwood: Levi, 687, 790. W. S., 884.
Uniac, E. H., 829.
Union Block, 40, 702.
Union College, Schenectady, N.- Y., 219,
482.
Union Theological Seminary, New York
City, 458, 459, 464, 682, 810, 956.
United States Military Academy, West
Point, N. Y., 248, 249, 492, 587, 798,
802, 808.
United States Naval Academy, Annapolis,
Md., 277, 280, 922, 923, 925, 940.
Unity, N. H., 506.
Updike: Carrie (Chapman), 211. George,
of Omaha, Neb., 211.
Upjohn, Richard, 587.
L'pton : Captain and Mrs., 428. Lillian
(Lawton), 428.
INDEX
1097
Utica, N. Y., 100, 368, 793, 794, 949.
Utley: H. Lester, 961. Katherine Gray
(Martin), 961.
Utrecht, the peace of, 6.
Uxbridge, Mass., 151.
Valentine, Mrs., of South Framingham,
Mass., 527.
Vallejo, Calif., 280.
Valley Forge, Pa., 151.
Valley Mill Company, the, 479.
Van Araburgh's Circus, 558, 596.
Van Amringe, Eleanor C. (Francis), 578.
Vanbibber, Colonel H. P., 607.
Van Buren, Martin, 573, 710.
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 955.
Van Doom: Addie C. (Baldwin) (Mrs.
Charles), 487, 874. A. & F., 442.
Anthony, 90, 189, 339, 485-488, 595.
598; & Sons, 486, 703. Bessie C.
(Crosby), 487, 701. Betsey (Hubbard),
485. Charles A., 487. Elbridge H..
487. Frederick, 339. Frederick A.,
485. Harriet (Brown), 487. House,
the, HI. Mary Elizabeth, 486. Mary
H. (Couch), 487. Matilda, 485.
Moses, 485. Moses T., 90, 486, 850;
& Son, 487. Sarah M. (Brown), 487.
Sophia L. (Simonds), 487.
Van Kleeck: Ellen B. (Goodhue), 684.
Henry, 684.
Van Limburg : Baron, 580. Baroness, 580.
Van Ness, Governor, 710.
Van Nortwick. John, 716.
Van Nostrand, Mary (Leavitt), 499.
Vassar College, 680, 690, 755, 958.
Veazey, Colonel, 772, 774.
Veet, F., 882.
Venice, Italy, 543.
Venters Brook, 28, 37, 39, 44.
Vera Cruz, Mexico, 798, 808.
Vergennes, Vt.. 14, 949.
Vermont : Academy, Saxtons River, 635.
637, 638, 910, 957, 958. Agricultural
Association, the, 644. Assembly, the,
116, 121. Asylum for the Insane, the,
234, 238, 289, 424, 428, 913. House,
the, 375, 376, 596, 643. Lottery, the,
373. & Massachusetts R. R. Company,
first board of directors of, 536.
Mutual Fire Insurance Company, the.
239, 371. Phanir, The, 379, 395, 419-
423. University of, 274, 317, 428, 710,
712, 713, 733, 911, 928, 930, 950; Col-
lege of Medicine, 429, 623, 948, 964.
Vernon, 3, 4, 6, 22, 171, 229, 264, 288, 289,
303, 319, 355, 405, 585, 601, 609, 611,
617, 676, 708, 765, 819, 820, 9.36;
line, 37 ; territory of, occupied by
Pocumtucks and Squakheags, 3.
Verona, Italy, 500.
V'esturme-Bunbury : Colonel Charles Ham-
ilton, .588. Frances F. (Devens), 588.
Vicksburg, Miss., 504, 780.
Viele: General, 581. Juliette (Dana),
581.
Vienna, Austria, 727, 866.
Village Lyceum, the. 398.
Vinton : Beatrice E., 692. Caroline
(Woodcock), 691. Company, 600.
E. Bliss, 678. Emma Amelia (Sam-
uel), 692. Frances S. (Waite), 678.
John, 850. Lieutenant John F., 772,
775. Mrs. Julia, 453. LiUie E.
(Brown). 692. Sarah E., 692. Tim-
othy, 313, 471, 599, 643, 690-692, 886.
William B., 600, 692, 848. William
H., 335, 599, 600, 691, 692, 866. Wil-
liam Howard, 692.
Vinton : Building, the, 474. Family, the,
1015. Paper mill, the, 599.
Virgin, Rev. J. Fredrik, 648.
Virginia Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Staun-
ton, Va., 279.
Von Erdberg : Amy (Wesselhoeft), 574.
Robert, 574.
Von Humboldt, Baron, 728.
Von Funcke : Lieutenant Bernhard Oscar,
of Dresden, Saxony, 548. Mary E.
(Brooks), 547, 548.
Von Zittel, Professor, 976.
Voorhees, Mrs. Clark G. (Maud Folsom),
745.
Vose, Richard, 284.
Votey: Rev. Charles A., 452, 891, 892.
Mrs. Charles A., 891. Martha
(Smith), 220.
Wade, E. H., 626.
Wadsworth, Sidney, 403.
Wait: Colonel, regiment of, 127. Henry,
404. Lucy (Leonard), 863.
Waite : Albert, 677. Alfred P., 677. Alice
Vinton, 675. Amelia (Morris), 675
Anna F., 982. Anna F. (Houghton)
677. Arthur W., 675. Charles Bur-
ritt, 677. Charles C, 615, 616, 677
Elizabeth S.. 677. Ellen S. (Marcy)
677. Evelina Sophia, 677. Evelyn
Morris, 675. Florence (Seaverns)
677. Frances S. (Vinton), 678
Frank W., 675. Fred M., 677, 887
1098
INDEX
889. Harriet G. (Knight), 677.
Henry, 678. John Alfred, 677. Julia,
677. Julia (Burritt), 677. Lizzie
(Noble), 677. Louise A., 677. Louise
S., 675. Lucretia, 677. Martha S.
(Grout), 677. Mildred E., 675. Min-
nie L., 677. Silas M., 327, 328, 439,
597, 608, 617, 629, 652, 653, 674-676,
684, 698, 711, 793, 848, 849, 850, 863,
864, 884, 886; S. M. Hose Company,
675, 847. Sophia L. (Eager), 620,
674. Thomas F., 674, 677. William
Eager, 675. William Henry, 677.
Waite's Corner, 43.
Waitman, C. A., 850.
Waitsfield, Vt., 968.
Walbridge, Colonel, 126.
Wales : 409. Chief Engineer, 847. Elijah,
762, 764, 766, 774, 848, 849. Elijah,
Jr., 849, 882.
Walk-er: Aldace, 402. Alice (Mather),
738. Honorable Amasa, 734. Amelia,
738. Amelia Read (Lamed), 736.
Anne Ambrose (Boardman), 733, 734.
Rev. Charles, 337, 353, 354, 361, 363,
442, 450, 457, 635, 734, 739. Charles
Ambrose, 735. Charles G., 441. Eliz-
abeth, 738. F. B., 849. Mrs. F. B..
566. George A., 777. Rev. Dr. George
Leon. 228, 288, 403, 458, 460, 461, 552,
553,733-738,838,840, 871, 939. Henry
Freeman, M.D., 739, 740; furlough and
emergency fund, 740. Horton D., 857,
889. Leonard, 733. Lucretia (Am-
brose), 733. Madame, 361. Maria
(Williston), 288, 735. Phineas, 733.
Richard, 733. Stephen Ambrose, 739.
Colonel Timothy, 154. Williston, 735,
738; published works of, 739.
Walkup, Thomas, 181.
Wallace; Idaho. 219. Miss Valina. 666.
Wallen, Harrison, 778.
Wallingford: Conn., 520. Vt., 959.
Wallis, Thomas, 14.
Walpole, N. H., 127, 135, 230, 236, 240,
263, 380, 439, 506, 528, 544, 585, 627,
722.
Walter, Thomas U., 727.
Walters: James W., 492. Julia (Good-
hue), 492. Thomas H., 492. '
Waltham, Mass., 414.
Walton: Calvin, 419. David S., 777.
Wandell, Nelson, 777.
Wantastiquet : Lodge, No. 5, 471. Hall,
328, 376, 614, 643. Mountain, 572,
663, 675, 823; road to, 904, 943.
Ward: Austin H., 776. George Cabot,
510. Gilbert M., 777. Polly, 228.
Thomas G., 510.
Warder: Charles, 502, 650. Mary Wells
(Chapin) (Mrs. Charles), 393, 502,
871, 872.
Wardner, Allan, 306.
Wardsboro, Vt., 156, 159, 180, 191, 210,
232, 235, 349, 474, 545, 585, 603, 622,
677, 765.
Wardwell: Austin K., 627. Georgia, 627.
Grace, 627. Mrs. Walter C, 627.
Ware: Ellen (Smith), 693. Jesse, 181.
Katherine S. (Newton), 693. Lucy
M. (Richardson), 693. Mass., 655.
O. O., 693. Oscar, 168. Oscar T.,
462, 876.
Ware's, Oscar, 53.
Wareham, Mass., 917.
Warehouse Point, Conn., 233, 312, 743,
788.
Warland : John, 30. Owen. 30.
Warner: Adreal, 181. Harriet Electa
(Wells), 706. Henry, 778. Judge
Tinknor, 706. Samuel, 181. Seth.
regiment of, 152, 153.
Warren : Captain, of Marlboro, 126.
Charles, 623. Charles Herbert, 623.
Honorable Edward Jenner, 623. Fan-
nie, 623. Captain Frank E., 623.
Fred H., 623. Jane A. (Harris), 689.
Dr. J. H., 928. Lieutenant John
Wheelock, 623. General Joseph, 253.
Dr. J. P., 379, 622. Lucy Maynard
(Wheelock), 622. Mass., 484, 819.
Rev. Otto, 689. Mrs. Otto, 689.
R. I., 1.53, 473, 949. Samuel, 404.
S. H., 455. William, 168.
Warriner: Chloe Nash, 158. Daniel, 176.
Esquire, 56. Samuel. 71, 76, 82, 85,
89, 115, 123, 158, 162, 176, 177, 324.
William, 1004 ; Family, the, 1004.
Warriner's, the, 168.
Warwick, Mass., 284, 329, 415, 480, 545,
942, 992.
Washburn, Governor Peter T., 616, 689,
913.
Washington : Booker T., 276. General
George, 133, 140, 142, 146, 253. N. C,
623.
Waterbury, Conn., 676.
Waterford, N. Y., 712.
Waterman: Alice, 970. Arthur, 960.
Chandler, 969. Judge Eleazer L., 406,
866, 959, 965, 969. Elizabeth Jane,
970. Captain Ernest J., 969, 970.
Ethel L. (Boyden), 406, 969. Ethel
Mather, 970. Dr. Halbert Lee, 969.
INDEX
1099
Harriet, 970. Jane E. (Bemis) (Mrs.
E. L.), 462, 96.5, 969. Mabel J. (Web-
ster), 965, 969. Marjorie, 969. &
Martin, 969, 970. Martin & Hitt,
969, 987. Mary E. (Smith), 969.
Polly Tliayer, 969. Susan (Mather),
970.
Waters, Oliver, 42, 121, 127.
Water Supply, the, 371.
Watertown: Mass., 271, 989. N. Y., 200.
Water Valley, Miss., 476.
Waterville, Me., 956, 957, 958.
Waterville Classical Institute, 957.
Watrous : John, 676. Margaret Livingston
(Hunt), 727. Mary Totten (Graves),
676. Mrs. Sarah Leavenworth
(Nash), 676.
Watts, Rev. Allison M., 892.
Waynesville, N. C, 541, 925, 926.
Weare, N. H., 927.
Weatherbee, A. R., 776.
Weatherhead: Drury, 777, 850. Hiram
P., 485. Joseph, 199. Mary E.
(Fitch), 485. Sarah, 199. Sarah
(Greenleaf), 199.
Weathcrsfield, Vt., 113, 118, 121, 233, 307,
728, 746.
Webb: Rev. A. H., 871. Dr. James, 205.
Joseph, 109. Lucy Ware (Hayes).
205.
Webber: Professor G. N., 830. Joshua
C., 775.
Webster: Ada (White), 965. Rev. Alonzo,
964. Daniel, 242, 247, 289, 310, 319,
347, 353, 377, 443, 444, 530 ; at Phoe-
nix House, 405. Daniel €., 963. Dr.
Daniel P., 812, 902, 912, 964, 965, 969.
Elizabeth (Carey), 965. Miss Fanny
M., 666. Harriet A. (Carey), 965.
Harry P., 601, 965. Laura Peaslee.
965. Mabel Julia (Waterman), 965,
969. Maria, 404.
Weeks, Mrs. F. W., 873.
Weida, Germany, 564, 565.
Weimar, Germany, 565.
Weld: Calvin J., 407, 434. Luther, 387.
407, 442. Place, 37.
Weld's shop, 185.
Welles: B. Sumner, 725. Esther (Hunt),
725.
Wellesley College, 709, 957.
Welling: Charles E., 408. Sarah D.
(Thomas), 408.
Wellington, Samuel, 338.
Wellman: Charles, 627. Samuel, 181.
Samuel F., 778.
Wellman's. 168.
Wells:. Charles, 100. David, 39, 60, 130,
158, 181. Eben, 390, 433. Captain
Ebenezer Casterson, 95, 99, 100, 324,
338, 341, 342, 347, 390, 425, 4.32;
farm of, 4.33, 434. Ebenezer F., 100,
338. Elizabeth, 50. Elizabeth (Colt),
100. Elizabeth E. (Harrison), 706.
Mrs. F. A., 462, 872. Family, the, 391.
Frances (Tracey), 100. Captain
Frank, 367, 706. Hannah, 99, 319,
342, 352, 355, 357. Hannah (Shel-
don), 36, 39, 50, 60, 130. Hannah
(Stout), 196. Harriet Electa (War-
ner), 706. Dr. Henry, 36, 39, 44, 46,
52, 53, 56, 57, 60, 69, 70, 71, 73, 91,
101, 102, 103, 122, 196, 197, 208, 265.
Captain Howard, 100, 324. James
Hancox, 95. Jane, 94, 342, 357. Jane
(Hancox), 91, 97. Jonathan. 64, 73,
130. Captain Jonathan, of Deerfield,
10. John, 181. John C, 100. John
Chester, 100. John Howard, 99.
Joshua, 17, 18. Julia Chester, 100.
& Lilly, 95. Lucy (Goodhue), 308.
Marian, 357. Martha A. (Freme), of
Liverpool, 95, 99, 319, 389. Mary,
130. Mary, 130. Mary, 357, 390, 462.
Mary Ann, 99, 342, 352. Mary C,
100. Mary (Chester) (Mrs. Ebene-
zer), 99, 100, 342, 352. Mary (Conk-
ling). 196. Mary (Townsend), 146.
Obadiah, 36, 114, 115, 196. Oliver, 64,
130. 162, 181, 186. Philip, 367, 413,
474, 647, 706, 764, 868, 895. Philip,
706. Place, the, 42, 43, 44, 168. Re-
becca, 130. Rebecca (Gale), 107, 137.
Richard, 91. Robert, 181. Colonel
Samuel, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44,
45, 46, 50, 52, 56, 57, 59, 60, 69, 70,
71, 72, 73, 101, 102, 103, 107, 109, 110,
HI, 119, 123, 130-134, 137, 141, 146,
161, 181, 299, 663, 713, 839. Sarah
C, 100. Selah, 164. William, 93,
94, 95. Rev. William, D.D., 56, 57,
77, 81-86, 91-99, 111, 164, 188, 194,
196, 245, 283, 310, 319, 324, 337, 341-
343, 348, 349, 352, 355, 358, 389, 390,
393, 465, 488; estate of, 488; obituary
of, 98; publications of, 97. William
Henry, 100, 184, 620, 896, 904, 905.
Mrs. William Henry, 620.
Wells Fountain, the, 100, 904, 905.
Wells River. 304.
Wellsville, N. Y.. 974.
Wendell, Jacob, 30.
Wentworth : Governor Benning, 20, 28,
30, 31, 37, 38, 39, 42, 58, 109. Bing-
1100
INDEX
ham & Company, 304. Lowell F.,
M.D., 436.
Wesleyan Female College, the, 205.
Wesselhoeft: Alice (Haserick), 524.
Alice (Saltonstall), 732. Amy (Von
Erdberg), 574. Bertha (Swift), 575.
Dr. Conrad, 574. Eleanor (Hutchin-
son), 574. Elizabeth (Foster) (Pope),
574. Emily, 732. Emily (Bradley),
524, 732. Emma (Searles), 575.
Ferdinanda Emilie (Hecker), 565,
567, 574. Ferdinanda Emilie (Reed),
574. Frances (Kittredge), 574. Dr.
George P., 622. Lucile (Machado),
574. Margetta (Bigelow), 732. Mary
(Fraser), 574. Mary Alford (Leavitt),
575. IVIary Fraser, 574. Minna
(Otto), 574. Reinhold, 574. Robert,
of New York, 574. Dr. Robert, 564-
575 ; published works of, 575. Sarah
Fessenden (Allen), 523. Selma, 574.
Selma, 575. Susan (Russell), 732.
Dr. Walter, 574, 575. Wilhelm, 564-
566. Dr. William F., 524, 732. Dr.
William P., 523, 732. Water-Cure,
the, 563-584; building, 472; the Law-
rence Water-Cure, 575-577.
Wesson, James, 109.
Westboro. Mass., 158.
Westbrook, Conn., Academy, 833.
West Chester, Pa., 199, 230, 807.
Westchester County Committee of Safety,
the, 145.
West Cornwall, 456.
Westcott, Maria Jane (Houghton), 491.
West Dummerston, Vt., 151, 168, 513,
581, 681, 863.
Westerly, R. L, 693.
Western Aqueduct Association, the, 234,
371.
Western Avenue, 38.
Western Reserve University, 739.
Westfield, Mass., 862.
Westford, Mass, 152.
West Guilford, Vt., 915.
West Haven, Conn., 288, 316, 449.
West Indies, 233.
Westminster, Vt., 21, 38, 43, 63, 67, 68,
103-108, 113, 115, 118, 120, 121, 126-
128, 131, 135, 138, 142, 151, 156, 169,
179, 290, 438, 527, ,528, 532, 536, 601,
628, 709, 711-714, 764, 771, 8.38, 906,
918, 946; the Jail, 104, 127, 129.
Westminster Massacre, the, 104-108, 131.
Westminster West, 176, 695, 961.
Westmoreland, N. H., 408, 448, 455, 456,
585, 689, 809.
West Newton, Mass., 475, 670, 896.
Weston, Vt., 690, 948, 865.
West Paris, Maine, 672.
West Point, N. Y., 74, 489, 727, 919, 977.
West River: Academy, 812. Bridge, the,
185, 377.
West Rock Seminary, 219.
West Rutland, Vt., 826.
West Townshend, Vt., 667, 797, 961.
Westville, Conn., 219.
West Wardsboro, 986.
Wetherbee: Abijah, 395. Ann E.
(Brown), 395, 396. Betsey Wilder,
395. Paul, 395.
Wetherell: Ebenezer P., 674. Ella C.
(Shumway) (Esterbrook), 674. Laura
(Marsh), 674.
Wethersfield, Conn., 78, 99, 493, 702.
Wetumpka, Ala., 499, 740, 741, 926.
Weybridge, 13, 171.
Weymouth, Mass., 232.
Wheaton, Benjamin, 178.
Wheeler: Abby S. (Ranger), 678. A. G.,
882. Allen M., 776. Anna W.
(Smith), 221. Arthur, 882. Asa, 454.
Austin, 678. C. A., 882. Captain, of
Wilmington, 126. Charlotte (Knowl-
ton), 678. Darius, of Newfane,129.
Diana, 451. Dinah (Stearns), 221.
Edward L., 776. Elizabeth (Pome-
roy), 495. F. A., 860. Frances Trim-
ingham (Keyes), 495. Franklin Hoar,
487, 495, 591, 671. Frank P., 495.
George, 777. Helen, 451. Judge
Hoyt H., 635, 675, 870, 872, 896, 945,
959, 960-964; house of, 699. Mrs.
Ida Balch (Miller), 416. Captain
Isaac, 128. John, 129. John, 776.
John H., 299, 378, 440, 494, 595, 603,
671; store of, 595. Joseph R., 764,
775. Josiah, 71. Leonard, 403.
Lucius, 454. Lucy F., 495. Maria,
451. Mary E. (Dalton), 495, 591.
Minnie L. (Maclay) (Mrs. H. H.),
963,964. Peter, 961. & Pratt, 495, 670,
671. Rodney, 221. Roxana (Hall),
961. Salome (Goodrich), 708. Wil-
liam, 404.
Wheeler's Hall, 443, 449, 495, 595.
Wheeler's, Samuel, 514.
Wheeling, W. Va., 436.
Wheelock : Judge Emery, 622. Henry,
622. Lucy Maynard (Warren), 622.
Oscar, 848.
Wheelright : Caroline B., 502. Josiah, 502.
Lucinda Orne (Chapin), 502. Sophia
D., 502.
INDEX
1101
Whetstone: Block, 632, 844. Brook, 37,
38, 40, 42, 43, 78, 167, 168, 169, 172,
569, 595, 697, 850.
Whipple: Daniel, 44, 70, 71, 73, 161, 164,
181. John E., 778. Joseph, 71, 73,
163. Mary, 161. Mr., 103. Thomas.
129. Timothy, 50, 163. William. 85,
158, 177, 181.
Whipple's, Daniel, 43.
Whistler: Florence (Fuller), 589. Joseph
S., 589.
Whitcher, Margaret N. (Steen), 246.
Whitcomb: Miss E., 382. Luke, 190.
White: Abby (Howells), 543. Abijah. 52.
Abner G., 777. Ada (Webster), 965.
Albert S., 777. Blossom (Fitz-Ran-
dolph), 860. E. E., 381, 454. Eliza-
beth, 860. Esther (Hooker), 812.
Family, the, 391. Harriet S. (Dear-
born), 874, 927. Harry Keith, 860.
Henry K., 880, 937. Horace, 543.
Jennie M. (Sargent), 860. John, 52.
John, of Boston, 7, 27. Joseph, 634.
Josiah, 52, 101, 102. Keith, 434, 437.
Leavitt Sargent, 860. Nathaniel, 927.
N. H., 849. Patrick, 627. Honorable
Phineas, of Putney, 524, 906, 907.
PUny H., 603, 906. Prescott, 860.
P. S., 850. Sarah Elizabeth (Sallie
Joy), 584, 937. Thomas, 652. Wil-
liam Orne, 392. William S., 328.
Whitemore, James, 30.
White Plains, N. Y., 145, 146.
White River Junction, 615, 616, 986.
Whiting: C. L., 586. Harriet B. S.
(Brooks), 547.
Whitingham, Vt. : 126, 159, 171, 180, 247.
301, 585, 626, 627, 765, 945; Academy,
819.
Whitney: Aaron. 111. Alice C. (Bascom).
212. Alice L. (Leonard), 865. Amelia
(Hyde). 211, 646. Augusta (Eaton),
211. Captain Benjamin, 127. Charles
Lemuel, 211. Dana Hyde. 211. Ed-
wina A. (Lynch). 865. Edwin D.,
865, 885. Ellen, 211. Emily Hyde
(Chapman). 211. Rev. E. W.. 388,
870, 871. Mrs. F. A., 462. F. Alonzo.
490. Family, the, 391. F. H.. 889.
Mrs. F. N., 872. Frances J. (Gore),
211. Frederick, 500. Lieutenant
George, 211. George Frederick, 211.
Hannah. 451. Hannah (Dickinson),
183. Harold E., 865, 989. Harry,
211. Henry T., M.D., 435. J. D. &
Son, 865. Jennie C. (Lind), 865.
Jennie L., 865. Jonas P., 633. Josiah
D., 6.33. 86.). Julia S. (Brooks) (Mrs.
Edwin D.), 865. Laura (Clark), 287,
342. Judge Lemuel, 83, 85, 111, 181,
183, 210-212, 281, 282, 291, 324, 332,
3.33, 341, 347, 390. 443; house of, 596.
Lemuel & Company, 607. Lieutenant
Lemuel. 211. Lucy Day (Chapin),
865. Lucy Fitch (Jones), 211. Mar-
guerite S. (Benedict), 865. Mary. 211.
Merrill Brooks, 865. Honorable Rich-
ard, 212, 283. Samuel, 646. Samuel,
of Marlboro. 110. Samuel Brenton,
212, 881. Captain Samuel Brenton,
211, 324. Mrs. Sophia (Root), 211,
357, 369, 390. Susan (Ellis), 211,
291. Susan Jane, 211. William, of
Connecticut, 6. William L., 881.
Winslow, 282.
Whittaker, Hobart K., 828, 870.
Whittemore: & Davis, 860. Rev. Thomas,
612.
Wickham, William, 134.
Wickwire, Captain Joseph, of Bennington,
128.
Wickopee Club, the. 579.
Wicopee Hill. 43, 53.
Wier, Dr. William, 576.
Wiggin: Albert H., 413. Rev. James H.,
413. Jessie D. (Hayden), 413. Laura
D. (Newman). 413.
Wignell, Thomas, 257. 259.
Wilbraham, Mass., 158.
Wilbur, James Benjamin, 259.
Wilco.x : Charles W., 856. 903. & Dickin-
son, 370. Hannah, 450. Horace, 339,
369. J. C, 850. Rev. W., 387. &
White Organ Company, the. 865.
Wilcutt: George H.. 328. Harriet E.
(Frost). 480. Helen J. (Richard-
son). 693. Henry, 850.
Wilder: Abiel, 181. A. F., 850. Annie
L. (Hudson), 410. Annie P. (Clapp),
505. A. Pope, 334, 410. Belle (Hill-
yer), 410. Charles. 181. Elias, 52,
73, 102, 161, 181. Elias, Jr., 52.
Farm, the, 43. Frederick W., 211.
George, 627. Joseph. 176. 326, 395,
1018. Deacon Joshua. 43, 52, 56, 71,
73. 83, 85, 88. 123, 158, 161, 176, 177,
178, 181, 1001; Family, the. 1001.
Jotham, 158. Julia A. (Hines),
410. Lucy (Whitney), 211. Peter,
181. Solomon, 85, 339. Solomon W.,
769, 776. Susan (Qapp), 505. Tilly.
52, 181. Tilly, Jr., 52.
1103
INDEX
Wilder Farm Products Company, the, 506.
Wilder. Village, 395.
Wiler, Charles, 161.
Wilkins: Anna H., 930. Charles D., M.D.,
436. Ellen L., 939. Mary E. (Free-
man), 840, 939. Warren E., 416, 939.
Willard: Abigail, 22. Abigail (Johnson),
21. Agnes, 357. Allin, 22. Benja-
min, 22. Betsey, 291, 357. Billy, 290.
C. W.. 6S7. David, 915. David, 916,
917. Electa (Green), 290, 357. Emma
(Hart), 806. Flora (Leonard), 863.
Helen (Taylor), 714. Henry A., 184,
541, 587, 711, 713, 714. Henry
Augustus, 714. Henry Cushman, 648,
653, 695, 753, 829, 8.30, 869, 882.
Henry Kellogg, 714. Joel F., 848,
850. Joseph, 17. Joseph, 709. Joseph,
714. Rev. Joseph, 713. Colonel
Josiah, 20, 21. Captain Josiah, Jr.,
of Winchester, 15. 16, 17, 19, 20, 21,
27, 29, 35, 37, 48, 134. Lois, 22.
Lucy, 22. Mary Ann (Howe), 709,
714. Mary H. (Field), 753, 916. Miss,
School of Troy, N. Y., 249, 576, 712.
Nathan, 22. Captain Nathan, 17, 20,
22. 33, 39. 60, 110, 111, 162. Nelson
W., 863. Olive. 22. 30. Olive (Taft),
938. Clerk Oliver, 17, 20, 27, 28. 30.
32. Peter, 514. Relief, 22. Samp-
son, 30, 37. Rev. Samuel, 99, 344.
Sara N., 915. Sarah B. (Kellogg),
711. Sarah Kellogg. 714. Simeon,
17. Major Simon, 20, 21, 713. Sub-
mit (Phips), 22. Susan Dorr (Clapp),
709. Susannah. 35. Thankful (Tay-
lor), 21. Wilder, 17. 20, 38, 39, 52,
60. William, 713. Sergeant William,
17, 20, 30. William Bradley, 714.
William F., 765.
Willard's Hotel, 184.
William; Mrs. Grace Bonner, 881. Prince,
Duke of Cumberland, 60.
Williams: Abigail (Hinsdell), 12. Alice
B., 712. Betty, 601. Dora (Moody).
600. Captain Elijah, of Deerfield,
Mass., Company of, 17, 33. F., 882.
Rev. Francis C. 392, 769, 774. Fred-
erick, 73. General, 798. Helen
(Dunklee), 990. I. A., 850. Israel,
14. James Dowes. 990. John, 73.
Rev. John, 6. 12. Mrs. John, 6. John,
712. John H., Jr., 712. Joseph. 50.
Merab Kellogg, 712. Merab Bradley,
712. Rev. Richard, 448. Rhona. 601.
Stephen, 712. Thomas M., 601.
Widow, 179, 181. Colonel William,
139. Dr. William S., 315. Zipporah
(Church), 50.
Williamsburg: Mass., 966. Va., 766, 774,
782.
Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.,
202, 239, 348, 497, 522, 681, 682, 709,
711, 751, 788, 833, 969, 990.
Williamson : Benjamin, 684. Isaac H.,
684. Mrs. Isaac H., 684. Leiia
(Tyler), 684. Martha, 684. May, 684.
Williamstown, Vt., 689.
Williamsville, Vt., 43, 168, 491, 689, 913,
932.
Willington, Samuel, 159.
Willis: Rev. Beriah, 448. Rev. John H.,
387, 471. John M., 411, 716. Masa,
716. Captain Nathan, 325.
Williston: Caroline (Brewster) (Mrs. N.
B.), 288, 620. & Hunt, 287; store of,
366. Margaret (Miller), 288. Mar-
garet M., 288, 403. Maria (Walker),
288, 735. Nathan Birdseye, 287, 288,
313, 315, 414, 427, 428, 441, 442, 466,
574, 597, 600. 652, 653, 678, 711, 735,
736. Nathaniel, 339. N. B. & Com-
pany, 416. Rev. Noah, 288. Payson,
288. Payson, 404. Rev. Payson, 288.
Samuel, 288. Sarah (Birdseye), 288.
& Tyler, 288, 440, 441, 678, 695, 718.
Vt.. 504.
Williston Block, 169.
Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass.,
483, 681, 742, 934.
Wilmington : Los Angeles County, Calif.,
408, 527. N. C, 923. Vt., 126, 128,
180, 203, 247, 301, 327, 440. 447, 585,
654, 693, 702, 752, 765, 868, 912, 913,
915, 931-935, 969, 973.
Wilson: Abigail (Chamberlain) (Plum-
mer), 513, 516. Etta (Dwinell), 500.
General, of Keene. 443. George,-500.
George C, 875. John, 599. Dr. John
(Thunderbolt), 442, 513-519. Rev.
John, 448. "Long Jim," of Keene,
438. Robert, 514. Vice-President,
787.
Winchendon, Mass., 307, 849.
Winchester: Martha A. (Childs), 933.
Mass., 2.39, 505. N. H., 21, 48, 185,
186, 303, 329, 438, 471, 585, 603, 625,
626, 937. Va.. 623, 627, 766, 769, 771,
773.
Windham: Conn., 688. Vt., 969.
Windham County, 59.
INDEX
1103
Windham County Agricultural Society,
the, 644.
Windham County Democrat, The, 246,
380, 420.
Windham County Reformer, The. 421.
Windsor: Conn., 10, 200, 797. Vt., 113,
114, 116, 147, 170, 211, 261, 262, 269,
286, 379, 4S7, 497, 539, 751, 783.
Windsor County, 59.
Windsor Locks, Conn., 547, 898.
W^'nnipeg, 701.
Winship: Abiel, 373. Mary (Tyler), 273.
Winthrop : Benjamin, 744. Margaret Cor-
nelia (Folsom), 744, 745.
\Vitherspoon, Dr. John, 145.
Witt, Lucien A., 776, 850.
Woburn, Mass., 134.
Wolcott: Caroline Starr (Balestier), 581,
589, 590. Dr. Henry, 589. Mary A.
Starr, 589. Oliver, 590. Roger, 590.
Wollage, Rev. Mr., 267.
Women's Alliance, the, 393.
Wood: Adaline C, 451. A. E., 591.
Charles, 439. Chester N., 776. David,
635. Deacon David, 293, 338, 348,
354, 355, 365. 449, 465, 688. Mrs.
David, 352. 465. Desdemona (Estey),
635. E. A., 369. Elizabeth (Steen),
244, 357. Eunice, 450. Farm, the,
111, 185. Fort, N. Y., 808. Herbert
M., 411, 850. Jabez, 162, 181; family
of. 1005. Jabez. Jr., 162. John, 338.
John Seymour, 688. Jonathan, 339.
& Kathan, 474. Lewis A., 776, 779.
Lydia, 357. & Marshall, 591. Mary
Buell (Harris), 688. Nancy, 357.
Nathan, 333. Rev. Newell A., 892.
Philip, 159, 163, 338, 1006; Family,
the. 1006. Place, the, 37. Royal G.,
450, 871. Sally. 357. Sylvanus, 609,
Thomas H.. 339. William, 775.
Woodbridge: Frederick E., 687, 887.
N. Y., 219.
Woodbury: & Burdett. 445. Cornelius, 30.
Dr. F. A., 850. John, 445, 626, 628.
S. Arthur, 880.
Woodcock: Caroline (Vinton), 691. &
Company. 440. Jane, 402. Mary E.
(Brownell), 673. Nathan. 313, 339,
407, 408, 425, 432, 595, 599, 691.
Sarah S. (Pratt), 673. Sophia, 402.
& Vinton, 313, 691, 766, 845.
Woodhouse, Rev. Charles, 386, 387.
Woodman: Abbie S. (Noyes), 248.
Charles, 248. Edward, 370, 405.
John F., 776.
Woodruff, Judge, 675.
Woods: George W., 340. Jabez. 181.
Philip, 181.
Woodstock: Conn., 685, 733, 833. N. H.,
945. Vt., 20, 211, 267, 483, 761, 967!
Woodsville, N. H., 418.
Woodward : C. H., 850. Mrs. M. M., 666.
Woodworth. Rev. Arthur V., 470.
Wool Carding and Cloth Dressing, 314.
Woolsey, Esther (Hunt), 728.
Woolson, Moses, 402.
Woonsocket, R. L, 494.
Wooster: Josephine (Clark), 230. Lieu-
tenant M. H., 774. Ohio, 476, 478,
601.
Worcester: Mark, 168. Mass., 17, 21, 94,
224. 226, 310, 385, 388, 407, 426, 438!
455, 545, 549, 608, 609, 631, 6.33, 673,
683, 698, 793, 830, 865, 881, 915, 932'
942, 957, 958.
Worcester Academy. 957.
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 455.
Worden, Elisha A., 777.
Wren, Doctor, of Portsmouth, 93.
Wright: A., 882. Mrs. Alfred, 621. Al-
fred H., 354, 355, 629, 672, 673, 709;
house of, 954. Rev. Edward, 316.
Edward F., 239. Edwin S., 777.
George C, 712. George H., 828. Jane
R. S. (Fessenden), 239. Joseph, 403.
Lula (Elmer), 828. Mary (Bemis),
709. Mary Louise (Goodhue), 493.
Moses, 30. Nelly (Howe), 709. Saw-
yer, 53, 163, 181. Susan (Kellogg),
712. Susan E. (Arms) (Atrwater),
316. Sylvester, 70.
Wyatt: A. D., 882, 885. Mrs. A. D., 933.
Doctor. 668.
Wyman : Annie L. (Coudrey). 702. Char-
lotte M. (Bruce) (Mrs. C. W.), 702,
874. Cyrus W., 701, 703, 866. Dora
I. (Moody), 600. Emma F. (Crosby),
701, 702. Helen W. (Allen), 702.
Yale University : 6, 10. 78. 193, 196, 205, 206.
248, 352, 275. 278, 279, 282, 288, 316,
429, 432, 457, 458, 463, 519. 522, 527,
529, 536, 668, 713, 718, 736, 737, 739,
742, 810, 815, 919, 933, 965. 966. 969,
975. Divinity School, 219, 2.39. 739.
Press, the, 857. School of Medicine,
429. Sheffield Scientific School, 742,
933.-
Yale's Creek. N. C. 771.
Yates, Governor Richard, 792.
1104
INDEX
Yeaw: Ellen (Haskins), 915. Fred J.,
777. Philaney (Stafford), 915. Sim-
eon, 915.
Yerkes, 111., 819.
Yorke: Edward, 581. Mary (Kingsley),
581. Sarah (Stevenson), 581.
Yorktown. Va., 879.
Youmans, Professor E. L., 830.
Young: Brigham, 686. Ernest Clifton,
934. & Knowlton, 490. Ruth Went-
worth (Childs), 934.
Zanzibar, 239.
Zululand, Africa, 920.
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