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ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
VOLUME XIX
Y]
ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
VOID MAK KILXE
ees
Pa vat f
Zoosow'e ity,
& <\*
fi Cc
'- 299669
¥
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AN Al Ai : d ry
[UG al iu —
PRINTED FOR THE
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
BY NEILL AND CO., LTD., 212 CAUSEWAYSIDE, EDINBURGH.
1923 — 1925.
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.
The Right Hon. Jonn Xavier Merriman, P.C., M.L.A.
Sir THomas Muir, Kt., C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.S.E.
The Hon. Jonn Wriiuiam Jaccer, M.L.A., F.R.Stat.S.
SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN
MUSEUM.
E. Leonarp Git, M.Sce., Director.
Kepret Harcourt BarnarpD, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.8., F.R.S.S.Afr., Assistant Director
and Assistant in Charge of Fish and Marine Invertebrate Collections.
ArtHur Lewis Hatt, B.A., Hon. Keeper of the Geological and Mineralogical
Collections.
Srpney Henry Havcuron, B.A., D.Sc., F.G.8., Hon. Keeper of the Palaeontological
Collections. 9
STaR GARABEDIAN, B.A., Assistant in Charge of Botanical Collections.
Reemnatp FREDERICK Lawrence, B.A., Assistant in Charge of Arthropoda
(Insects excluded).
ArtHurR JOHN Hussz, B.Sc., Ph.D., Assistant in Charge of Insects.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
J. BEQUAERT.
The South and Central African species of the genus Synagris, Latr.
(Hymenoptera).
M. Bezzt.
The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera) as represented in the South
African Museum : : : i. : ; 3 :
The South African Mydaidae (Diptera) as represented in the South
African Museum
South African Trypaneid Diptera in the collection of the South African
Museum .
C. T. BRuEs.
Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera of the families Evaniidae,
Braconidae, Alysiidae and Plumariidae, in the South African
Museum, with a Catalogue of the known species
F. W. Epwarps.
Some Mosquitoes from Ovamboland, 8.W. Africa, and from the Cape
Province .
Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae (Diptera) in the collections of the South
African Museum : : : :
P. EsBEN-PETERSEN.
South African Megaloptera
L. Provt.
New species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the collections of the South
African Museum
T. R. R. Srepsrine.
South African Crustacea (Part XII. of S. A. Crustacea for the Marine
Investigations in South Africa) .
R. W. E. Tucker.
The Drassidae of South Africa .
PAGE
439
164
191
151
579
LIST OF NEW GENERA PROPOSED IN THIS VOLUME.
PAGE
Afrodacus (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), Buzzi : 5 0 ; 3 . 469
Aneplasa (Arachnida, Drassidae), TUCKER ; 5 , : 5 5 Aaay
Chloroniella (Neuroptera, Sialidae), ESBEN-PETERSEN : : : 5 iI
Coelotrypes (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), Bezzr. : : ¢ é . 494
Epikurtomma (Arachnida, Drassidae), TUCKER ; : p ‘ 5 688
Halterorchis (Diptera, Mydaidae), Brzzi . ‘ : 3 : F a ZAI
Haplomydas (Diptera, Mydaidae), Brzzi . ‘ : ; : : 5 NOY
Hermannloewia (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), Brzzr1. ‘ . ¢ 6 . 496
Leptochauliodes (Neuroptera, Sialidae), ESBEN-PETERSEN . 4 , 5 NY
Munroella (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), BEzz1 : : : 6 : . #510
Mydaselpis (Diptera, Mydaidae), Buzzi. : é : : : 5 Allis}
Nomoneura (Diptera, Mydaidae), Buzzr . : : 3 : . . 223
Pachychelonus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), BRuES . ‘ : F LOT
Platomma (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), Buzzi : : é : ; . 526
Platychauliodes (Neuroptera, Sialidae), EsBEN-PETERSEN . : : 5) 1s)
Rhynchoedaspis (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), Buzzr 3 : : : . 508
Rivelliomima (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), Buzzr . é : : : . 502
Taeniochauliodes (Neuroptera, Sialidae), ESBEN-PETERSEN. : F alos
Trephopoda (Arachnida, Drassidae), TUCKER . ; : é ; 5 201
Trychothyse (Arachnida, Drassidae), TUCKER . ' ‘ : ; = oy
Upognampa (Arachnida, Drassidae), TUucKER . : : ; L 5 202
Xanthanomoea (Diptera, Trypanaeidae), Buzzr. : : 5 : . 492
DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS.
Part 1, March 1924.
Part 2, November 1923.
Part 3, August 1924.
Part 4, April 1925.
Vii
LSE SOL ey Ati:
PLATES
TVIl. South African Crustacea.
VIII-XI. South African Drassidae (Arachnida).
XII-XV. South African Trypaneid Diptera.
XVI-XVII. South African Geometridae (Lepidoptera).
Acanthiophilus .
Achaeopsis
Aciura
Acrodicrania
Actaea
Aedes (Ecculex)
Aedes (Finlaya).
Aedes
Afreutreta
Afrocneros
Afrodacus.
Agathis
Alitha
Allotrypes
Amusia
Anagraphis
Andromma
Aneplasa .
Anopheles
Apanteles
Aphaereta
Aphantaulax
Archibracon
Ascogaster
Asemesthes
Atriadops
Aulacus
Bacuma
Bibio
Brachygaster
Bracon
Braunsia .
Calcinus
Callilepis .
Camaromyia
Camillina .
Campiglossa
A
INDEX OF GENERA.
PAGE
90,
558
235
512
609
236
162
161
159
527
489
469
144
149
502
278
430
431
279
161
145
149
328
77
105
285
168
123
72
612
10
128
88
239
265
558
334
558
xl
Cancellus .
Cardiochiles
Carpophthoromyia
Cephalocera
Ceratitis
Chaoilta
Chelonella
Chelonogastra
Chelonus .
Chloroniella
Cithaeron .
Cleistostoma
Coelalysia
Coelodontus
Coelopacidia
Coelotrypes
Craspedoxantha
Crassomicrodus .
Cremnops ‘
Culex (Neoculex)
Curriea
Cyclocormus
Dacus
Delopsis
Diaphractus
Dilophus .
Disophrys.
Drassodella
Drassodes
Drepanogynis
Dziedzickia
Echemus
Ectropis
Ectyphus .
Elaphromyia
Ensina
Epikurtomma
Esenga
Kuagathis.
xl
EKuaresta .
Eupagia
Eupagurus
Eupithecia
Euribia
Eutretosoma
Euurobracon
Evania
Forsteria .
Gasteruption
Gastrotheca
Gastrotheca
Glyptomorpha .
Gyroneuron
Halterorchis
Haplomydas
Helorimorpha
Hemicloea
Hemistola
Heratremis
Hermannloewia
Heterotricha
Holcalysia
Holecobracon
Horisme
Hormiopterus
Hormius .
Hyostomodes
Hypocolpus
Iphiaulax
Lacerata .
Latana
Latonigena
Latreillopsis
Leia
Leiomyia .
Lelotes
Leptochauliodes
Leptodrassus
Leptomydas
Leucotaeniella .
Lithostege
Index of Genera.
147
36
498
141
383
238
610
610
351
157
317
201
475
590
Macrocentrus
Megagathis
Megagonia
Megamyrmeceon
Mesoagathis
Mesobracon
Meteorus .
Microbracon
Microdus .
Mictoschema
Minanga .
Munroella.
Munromyia
Mycetophila
Mycomyia
Mydaselpis
Myrmecopterina
Neromia
Nomoneura
Nycterimyia
Oboleola .
Ocnerioxa.
Odesia
Odontaulacus
Odontobracon
Odontogaster
Odontospaeropyx
- | Ogmophasmus .
Opius
Ortholitha
Pachychelonus .
Pambolus
Paragris
Pardalaspis
Parevania.
Perilampsis
Perilitus
Perirhithrum
Perizoma .
Phaenocarpa
Phanerotoma
Phanomeris
Phorellia .
Platomma,
Platybracon
Megistorrhynchus
Platychauliodes.
Platyoides
Platyspathius
Plaxopsis .
Plecia
Pliomelaena
Poecilochroa
Problemacaris
Prosevania
Prosoeca .
Pseudagris
Pterandrus
Ptychopoda
Rhabdochaeta .
Rhacochlaena
Rhochmopterum
Rhogas
Rhynchagris
Rhynchoedaspis
Rhytimorpha
Rivelliomima
Schiztobracon
Sciara
Scopula
Scotophaeus
Semiothisa
Setaphis
Sigalphus .
Spathiohormius
Spathius .
Spathulina
Sphenella .
Spheniscomyia .
Spilomicrodus
Stenobasipteron
Stenopleura
Stephaniscus
Sulydus
R
Index of Genera.
PAGE
155
254
127
64
615
532
379
243
10
172
446
476
584
Symmictus
Synagris
Taeniochauliodes
Taomyia .
Telerda
Tephrella .
Tephrina .
Terellia
Tetralia
Themarictera
Theuma
Trephopoda
Trichofoenus
Trichothyse
Tridacus . :
Trigastrotheca .
Trigonofoenus
Trirhithrum
Troticus
Trypanea .
Upognampa
Urogaster
Urophora .
Vipio
Xanthanomoea .
Xenolobus
Xerophaeus
Zombrus .
388
79
ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
VOLUME XIX.
PART I, containing :— ©
1.—Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera of the families
Evaniidae, Bracenidae, Alystidae and Plumariidae, in the
South African Museum with a Catalogue of the known
species. — By CHARLES T. BRUES.:
2—South African Megaloptera. — By P. EBSEN—PETERSEN.
3.—Some Mosquitos from Ovamboland, S. W. Africa, and
from the Cape Province. — By F. W. EpWwarRps, F. E.S§.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the
British Museum).
4.—The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera) as represented
in the South African Museum. — By M. Bezzi.
5.—The South African Mydaidae (Diptera) as represented in
the South African Museum. — By Prof. M. Bxrzzi.
6.—South African Crustacea (Part XII of S. A. Crustacea,
for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). — By
the Rev. THomas R. R. Steppine, M.A., F.R.S., F.LS.,
F.Z.S., Fellow of King’s College, ‘London, Hon. Memb.
of New Zealand Inst., Hon. Fellow of Worcester College,
Oxford.
(Plates I—VII of vol. XIX. Plates OXVI-CXXII
of Crustacea).
ISSUED MARCH, 1924. PRICE - sh.
- PRINTED FOR THE
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
By P. W. M. Trap, LEIDEN.
(4)
4. — Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera of the families Evan-
tidae, Bracenidae, Alysiidae and Plumariidae, in the South African
Museum with a Catalogue of the known species.'!) — By CHARLES
T. BruEs.
Some time ago, I received from Dr. Ib Peringuey, the director of
the South African Museum, a quite extensive collection of parasitic
Hymenoptera belonging to the families Hvaniidae, Braconidae and
Alysiidae.’ Since then Dr. Peringuey has made several other smaller
sendings of material more recently accumulated by the Museum. He
also compared many of the specimens with the types of species des-
cribed by Cameron in 1906 and in addition sent me some types and
co-types for examination.
With all of this material, [ have been able to recognize a large
number of species previously described from South Africa, as well as
a few first discovered in Equatorial Africa. In addition there were
a number of forms not hitherto described. With the exception of
two or three species, all those considered are from the South African
‘(or Cape’) region, including that part of the continent south of the
Zambesi and Cunene rivers.
In the Catalogue of species included in the present paper, this boundary
has been adhered to, and I have listed all of the described species
known from this region, belonging to the Hvaniidae, Braconidae,
Alysiidae and Konowiellidae. Some Stephanidae have been sent to me,
but the material in this family was so limited that it has seemed
best not to include it in the present consideration. The family Ko-
nowiellidae, based upon the Neotropical Plumarius (= Konowiella?) is
without doubt not a close relative of the other families mentioned,
but as Plumarius was first described as an EHvaniid and later placed
in the Braconidae, it did not seem out of place to include it in this
paper, particularly as its discovery in Africa is quite unexpected.
By far the greatest number of South African parasitic Hymenoptera
have been described by Cameron in several extensive papers. First,
in 1905, he dealt with the collections of the Albany Museum in
Grahamstown; in 1906 with those of the South African Museum; in
1909 and 1910 with those of the Royal Zoological Museum in Berlin;
and in 1941 with those of the Transvaal Museum. In addition to
these he published several shorter papers in various other journals.
1) Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institution,
Harvard University, No. 171.
(1)
2 f Annals of the South African Museum.
Fortunately Cameron’s descriptions are usually rather extended and
his species can usually be recognized. In these same papers he erected
a considerable series of genera, some of which have been shown to
be synonymous or invalid. The same is true of some of his species,
particularly in so far as synonymy is concerned.
In various papers, mainly between 41905 and 1914, Szépligeti
published descriptions of many forms, the majority from Equatorial
Africa although there are some South African species and I have
recognized others in the material before me. The descriptions of this
author are often extremely brief and unsatisfactory.
Several of the earlier Hymenopterists have described South African
species of the families here dealt with but aside from a quite con-
siderable number by Brullé (1846) and some by Holmgren (4868)
they are very much scattered.
All of these papers, I have re-examined in the light of the present
material and have been able to place a number of the species of these
earlier authors.
Famity EVANIIDAE.
ODONTAULACUS, Kieffer.
ODONTAULACUS AFRICANUS, Sp. nov.
@. Length 10 mm.; ovipositor about 6 mm. Black; upper side
of first segment of abdomen, except at base and apex, bright fulvous;
legs, except coxae, trochanters and tarsi, fulvo-ferruginous. Wings
infuscated, strongly so on the apical half. Head long behind the eyes,
almost as thick as broad when viewed from above; shining above,
with large, well separated punctures; front strongly transversely convex
above the antenae, with only a very slight median impression; its
surface punctate like the vertex; facial impression between antenna
and eye deep, shining and impunctate below; clypeus coarsely punc-
tate, shining, with a short median tooth on its anterior margin; oral
margin at sides of clypeus smooth and shining; malar space punctate,
about one third as long as the width of the eye; head behind more
sparsely punctate than infront. Eyes bare. Middle lobe of mesonotum
coarsely transversely ridged, impressed medially in front and faintly
so behind on basal half: lateral lobes coarsely reticulate, more or less
transversely: scutellum transversely ridged at middle, punctate on
sides; propodeum before the petiole similarly ridged, more or less
areolate on apical slope and very finely rugose-reticulate on the sides.
Neck of prothorax shining, coarsely, sparsely punctate; propleura
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 3
more or less obliquely reticulate or areolate; mesopleura confluently
punctate, smooth along the posterior margin and more or less reti-
culate along the anterior margin; metapleura coarsely confluently
punctate above; finely reticulate-rugose below. Hind coxae rugose-
punctate, more or less distinctly transversely rugose apically. Ab-
domen of the usual form. Tarsal claws slender with two teeth below
before apex, both acute, the second much the larger and very close
to the apex, the first well removed from the base of the claw; tibiae
very distinctly spmulose. Wings with the second section of the radius
twice as long as the first and half as long as the second; cubitus
arising just above the middle of the basal vein; stalk of first discoidal
cell nearly as long as the first recurrent nervure; second cubital cell
twice as long below as above, receiving the recurrent nervure at its
middle; upper third of second transverse cubitus present, very oblique ;
discal venation of hind wings distinct.
Type from Matroosberg, Ceres District, Cape Province (3500 feet)
(R.M. Lightfoot), January 1917
This is the first member of the genus to be discovered in the
Ethiopian region, in fact, the whole subfamily Aulacinae is practically
absent in this part of the world. It is not very typical in the form
of the tarsal claws, upon which the genera are to a great extent
founded. The teeth are longer than is usual in other members of
the genus and approach those of Pristawlacus, which, however, always
has at least three teeth. Of the various species which I have seen
itis most similar to O. bilobatus Prov., from North America, and that
species too has long, acute tarsal claws. It is an interesting addition
to the South African fauna.
GASTERUPTION, Latreille.
GASTERUPTION JOHANNIS, Cameron.
Ann. 8. Afric. Mus., vol. 5, p. 24. (1906).
The type has the first discoidal cell triangular, not four-sided and
the species is wrongly placed in Kieffer’s key (Das Tierreich, p. 252).
Tt falls next to G. sanguineum Kieff. also from Cape Province but the
two species appear to be distinct and separable as follows:
Propodeum coarsely transversely striate; metapleura and upper half of meso-
pleura punctate-reticulate ; : . G. sanguineum Kieff.
Propodeum reticulate; metapleura reticnlster mesopleura reticulate, more coar-
sely so below and with a dull smooth space anteriorly G. johannis Cam.
The length of the ovipositor is 12 mm. and the body 14 mm. in johannis.
4 Annals of the South African Museum.
GASTERUPTION PULCHRIPENNE, Cam.
Ann. 8. Afric. Mus., vol. 5, p. 23. (4906).
The mesonotum is rugose-reticulate, but not noticeably transversely
so; the collar is about as long as the distance from the teeula to the
anterior border of the mesonotum; the propodeum is reticulated over
its entire surface; the first discoidal cell is large, nearly twice as
long as the second; the head is very long behind the eyes and the
ocelli are close together, far removed from the occipital margin.
GASTERUPTION FLAVONOTATUM, Kieff.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat., Metz, vol. 3, p. 94 (1911).
One female from Barberton, Transvaal, April, 1911 (H. Edwards).
This was originally described from Willowmore, Cape Province.
GASTERUPTION FUSCIPENNE, Sp. nov.
QO. Length 14 mm.; ovipositor 13-14 mm. Black, with the humeri,
entire pleurae, sides of second and third abdominal segments and all
tibiae (darker externally) rufous or rufo-ferruginous, wings strongly
infuscated except on the basal third. Head comparatively short,
broadly rounded and but little narrowed behind, the temples barely
as long as the width of the eye; hind margin strongly carmate
below, more weakly so above; surface opaque, leathery, bare except
for some short white pubescence along the sides of the face; cheeks
nearly as long as the pedicel of the antennae; posterior ocelli
slightly closer to the eye than to one another and twice as far
from the occipital margin as from one another. Antennae rather
stout near the middle, fourth and followimg joints clothed with
minute, dense, spiny pubescence; scape as long as the third joint;
second slightly over half as long; fourth slightly shorter than the
second and third together, nearly three times as long as thick;
following very gradually growing shorter except the apical joint.
Antennae inserted just below the middle of the eye. Collar as long
as the lower edge of the propleura, shorter than the distance from
the humerus to the tegula, irregularly punctate above, pronotum
with a rather large, acute tooth at each lateral angle. Mesonotum
nearly twice as long as wide, with a transverse sculpture composed
of punctures and irregular striae combined. Scutellum with fine
shagreened sculpture medially, with a lateral punctate line, outside
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. a
of which it is coarsely, obliquely striate. Propodeum finely punctate-
reticulate, with a distinct median shining ridge. Pleurae almost
without pubescence, except for fine sparse whitish hair on the meso-
and metapleurae. Propleura leathery, except for the usual horizontal
and vertical crenate lines; mesopleura finely rugose, with a smoother
area anteriorly below and some indistinct, oblique striae near the
tegula; metapleura similar, with some oblique striae near the base
of the hind wing. Abdominal petiole slightly longer than the thorax.
Ovipositor brown; its sheaths black, with the apices white. Hind
coxae strongly transversely striate above; faintly obliquely striate
on the sides and leathery below; hind tibiae stouter than usual.
Anterior discoidal cell four-sided, but with the outer side very
oblique; lower side Jess than two-thirds as long as the upper which
is shghtly shorter than the first section of the radius and three
times as long as the height of the cell.
Two specimens from Cape Town (R. M. Lightfoot) Jan. 19135.
This species is related to G. aethiopicum Stadelmann and G. tenwi-
cauda Kieffer, from both of which it differs in the sculpture of the
mesonotum, unicolorous hind tibiae and darker wings.
GASTERUPTION PERINGUEYI sp. nov.
Q. Length 14 mm.; ovipositor 16 mm. Black or piceous, with
rufous markings on the head and thorax; wings slightly infuscated.
Head with the sides of the clypeus, malar space and mandibles,
except tips, rufous; lower part of propleura, its apex near the tegula,
humeral angles of mesonotum and articulation at base of abdominal
petiole rufous; tegulae rufo-piceous; outer surface of four anterior
tibiae and the first joint of their tarsi white; hind tibiae with an
incomplete annulus at base, and a spot at tip of their first tarsal
joint, white; sheaths of ovipositor white at tips. Head one-half longer
than wide, narrowed behind the eyes, the part behind the eyes less
than half the length of the eye; occipital rim barely evident above;
front and vertex subopaque; paired ocelli nearer the eye than to
one another and farther from the posterior margin of the head; face
subshining, silvery pilose at sfdes; first flagellar joint slightly longer
than the scape and nearly twice as long as the two preceding
together ; following decreasing in length. Malar space almost wanting.
Neck long, but shorter than the distance of the tegula from the
front border of the mesonotum, shining and finely cross-striate in
front; anterior angles of propleura each produced into a strong tooth,
its surface reticulate medially, shagreened around the border. Meso-
6 Annals of the South African Museum.
notum with large widely separated punctures on the disc, with
distinct transverse ridged sculpture before and behind; parapsidal
grooves well impressed. Scutellum nearly smooth medially, very
finely reticulate-punctate laterally. Propodeum with a median shining
ridge, on the sides coarsely irregularly reticulate, shagreened anteriorly
at each side of the insertion of the petiole. Hind coxae finely, trans-
versely striate and shining above, dull and granulate below; almost
as long as the propodeum. Petiole very long and slender, fully as
long as the entire thorax, its surface opaque, finely granulate, without
any striation; second and third segments each half as long as the
petiole; remainder of abdomen more shining. Hind tibiae rather
less strongly clavate than usual; hind metatarsus as long as the fol-
lowing jomts together. First discoidal cell four-sided, one-third as
long as the first section of the cubitus which arises well below the
junction of the median and basal veins; its lower side two thirds
as long as the upper.
Type from Cape Town, Cape Province (Péringuey), 1915.
This species is similar to G, punctulatum Schlett. differing in the
sculpture of the mesonotum, hind coxae, and head, and in the color
of the abdomen. The form of the first discoidal cell and the origin
of the cubitus are also different.
GASTERUPTION CRASSIVENTRE, Cameron.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 5, p. 28. (4906).
The head is unusually short and broadly rounded behind and the
entire body is extremely stout. The first discoidal cell is not dis-
tinctly four-sided, and consequently the species will not run out
correctly in Kieffer’s table in ‘Das Tierreich”’.
(ZASTERUPTION FOSSATUM sp. nov.
Q. Length 10 mm.; ovipositor nearly as long as the body. Almost
entirely black or dark piceous. Mandibies, except teeth, and four
anterior legs beyond the knees, excepting a darker band on the
middle of the tibiae, brownish-yellow; tips of first, second and third
segments obscurely ferruginous or rufous; hind tibiae obscurely pale
brownish at base; hind metatarsi fuscous; wings nearly hyaline;
sheaths of ovipositor entirely black. Head long and narrow, nearly
twice as long as broad, almost semicircularly rounded behind the
eyes; upper surface shining and polished; face densely silvery pilose
on the sides, between which it is subopaque and minutely punctulate ;
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 7
malar space short, but distinctly present; occipital carina almost
wanting; posterior ocelli as far from one another as from the eye,
nearly twice as far from the occipital margin. Antennae with the
first four joints of about equal length although the third and fourth,
which are strictly equal, are each about one-fifth longer than the
basal ones; following to ninth about of equal length, but becoming
thicker till the ninth is about one-half longer than wide. Neck about
one fourth shorter than the line from humerus to tegula, its surface
shining, finely punctate. Mesonotum before the furrows shining,
with deep, sparse, coarse punctures irregularly disposed; behind the
furrows finely punctate with a few large punctures intermixed and
almost impunctate on its posterior part. Scutellum also shining,
nearly impunctate. Propodeum very finely rugose-reticulate, with
a broad median sulcus, deepest behind, the center of which is smooth
and polished. Hind coxae shining, very minutely transversely acicu-
late. Abdomen of the usual form, sub-shining, the petiole nearly as
long as the thorax. Prepleura almost smooth, except for a small
triangular, reticulate area behind; mesopleura and metapleura finely
rugose punctate. Thickened portion of hind femora rather slender.
First discoidal cell distinctly foursided; cubitus arising at the same
point as the basal vein; first discoidal cell one third as long as the
first section of the cubitus.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones) Dec. 1916.
This species may be readily known by the sulcate metathorax and
the nearly equal first four antennal segments.
TRICHOFOENUS, Kieffer.
TRICHOFOENUS PEDICELLATUS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 11 mm.; ovipositor 6 mm. Black, three basal segments
of abdomen rufo-piceous; spot at base of all tibiae pale yellowish;
extreme apex of four anterior tibiae, basal three joints of front tarsi
and half of basal jot of middle tibiae, pale yellow; antennae piceous
brown, black at base; wings hyaline, with a brownish tinge. Head
about twice as long as wide, very long behind the eyes, its width at
vertex less than half that just above the eyes; surface subopaque, but
not distinctly punctate nor striate; vertex with a fine, but not trans-
parent carina; posterior ocelli more than three times as far from the
vertex as from one another; face silvery pubescent medially as well
as on the sides; malar space wanting. Scape of antennae twice as
long as thick, distinctly longer than the pedicel, first flagellar joint
one half longer than the pedicel; second distinctly longer than the
38 Annals of the South African Museum.
first and much thicker. Neck very long, one fourth longer than the
distance from the tegula to the anterior margin of the mesonotum ;
its surface coarsely shagreened. Mesonotum and scutellum shagreened,
sub-shining; parapsidal grooves indicated by crenate lines; scutellum
separated by a smooth, straight, grooved line, preceded by a crenate
eroove that extends laterally and forward past the tegula; lateral
crenate furrows of scutellum not very deeply impressed. Propodeum
with a raised, rounded smooth median line; finely reticulate elsewhere ;
its posterior face gently declivous. Hind coxae transversely striate on
apical half minutely roughened basally, on the sides, and below; hind
tibiae only moderately thickened apically. Propleura shagreened, with
a vertical and horizontal crenate line meeting below and defining a
large triangular area; mesopleura reticulate, except for a small sha-
greened space above; metapleura reticulate. Wings with the cubitus
arising’ just below the basal vein; second and third sections of radius
equal, each one-fourth longer than the first; first discoidal cell two-
fifths as long as its petiole, scarcely four-sided, the very oblique apex
nearly as long as the lower side. Abdominal petiole slightly longer
than the thorax; abdomen rather dull and more distinctly pubescent
than usual, as is the entire body. Sheaths of ovipositor black, except
for an obscure rufous spot at the extreme tip.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), February 1914.
The eyes are distinctly hairy and the species belongs to this genus
as defined by Kieffer. It is most closely related to TJ. scutilicauda
Kieffer from Australia.
EVANIA, Fabricus.
EVANIA APPENDIGASTER, Linné.
There are numerous specimens from Durban and Cape Town.
EVANIA PERINGUEYI, Cameron.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., vol. 5, p. 19. (4906).
This is undoubtedly the widespread E£. appendiyaster L. The type
is identical structurally, but differs in the paler color of the legs,
parts of the body and venation of the wings, due evidently to its
being a teneral, not fully colored specimen.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 9
EVANIA FULVOSPINA, Cameron.
Anny oa Ati Mus: vols Oss dln GldOG):
In addition to the type from Cape Town there are three specimens
from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones) and one from Pilgrim’s Rest,
Transvaal (L. Schunke).
The parapsidal furrows are not clearly defined, but are present in
the type, which is a female and in the female from the Transvaal.
In the Zululand examples, all males, they are somewhat more distinct.
In the male the abdominal petiole is much longer, nearly twice as
long as the upper edge of the propodeum.
This species is evidently very similar to the European EF. incerta
Kieffer, which I have not seen.
EVANIA RUFISCAPA, Sp. Nov.
oO. Length 36 mm. Black, first three joints of antennae below
and the four anterior tibiae rufous; wings hyaline, venation paler
than usual, except near the costa; tegulae rufo-piceous. Head and
thorax shining, only very sparsely white pubescent above, more strongly
so on the sides. Front faintly excavated above the antennae and with
a trace of a carina on each side from the base of each antenna up-
ward toward the ocelli; rugose-punctate, more finely so medially and
with indications of vertical striae or aciculations; vertex with rather
large, irregular, scarcely confluent punctures; ocelli In a very low
triangle, the posterior pair as far from the posterior margin of the
head as from one another and only half as far from the eye; face
strongly convex, with rather coarse irregular striae converging toward
the mouth, with a groove extending from the inner base of each
mandible nearly to the eye; cheeks striate like the face, less than
half as long as the eye; head behind smooth and polished. Antennal
scape as long as the following two joints; second joint scarcely longer
than wide, half as long as the third; fourth fully as long as the second
and third together and the following about three times as long as
thick ; mesonotum with distinct, deeply impressed parapsidal furrows ;
with large, shallow, well-separated punctures; smooth along the sides;
scutellum with similar, more or less confluent punctures. Propodeum
with its posterior surface nearly vertical and slightly concave, finely
reticulate before the petiole; coarsely so elsewhere as are also the
metapleurae. Mesopleura with the polished space occupying almost
all of its upper half. Metasternal process long, with short, divergent
arms. Petiole of abdomen twice as long as the space separating it
from the scutellum; rather finely and somewhat irregularly grooved
10 Annals of the South African Museum.
longitudinally, except at the extreme base. Legs rather long, hind
tibia and femur together as long as the body; hind tibiae distinctly
spinulose on the outer surface, longer spur slightly over half the length
of the metatarsus; tarsal claws bifid at apex. Basal vein parallel
with the subcosta on its upper two thirds, but not unusually close
to it; cubitus arising near the upper end of the basal, so that the
upper section is only half as long as the transverse cubitus; the latter
but little more than half the length of the first section of the cubitus;
first recurrent nervure (transverse discoidal of Kieffer) suddenly bent
upward at tip; apex of radial cell blunt, the radius entering the
costa almost at a right angle; six frenulum hooks.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand, Feb. 14914. (W. E. Jones.)
This species is related to LE. divergens Kohl. from West Africa, differing
in the length of the antennal joints and the form of the radical cell.
From #. rimosa Enderlein, also from West Africa it differs by its ~
non-carinate scutellum and in the conformation of the basal joimts
of the antennae. It is also much smaller than either of these species.
PROSEVANIA, Kieffer.
PROSEVANIA AFRA, Kieffer.
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 80, p. 157. (4911).
Das Tierreich, Lief. 30, p. 63. (1912).
Three specimens from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones) extend
considerably the known range of the single African species which
was described from San Antonio in the Congo. The genus is well
represented in the East Indies.
BRACHYGASTER, Leach.
BRACHYGASTER BIDENTATA, Kieffer.
Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1914, p. 504 (diagnosis)
Das Tierreich, Lief. 30, p. 36. (1912). (description)
A o specimen from Potchefstroom, Transvaal (T. Ayres), another
from Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia, and a third, from Kaapmuiden,
Transvaal (R. W. Tucker), Oct. 30, 1918. This species was described
from the Transvaal. The Rhodesian example has the third and fourth
antennal joints a little longer, the prongs of the metasternal process
less divergent and a few striae on the petiole, thus approaching
B. minuta, var. aethiopica Kieffer, although it has the sides of the
face carinate as in B. bidentata.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 1
Famity BRACONIDAE.
SuspraMILy STEPHANISCINAE.
OGMOPHASMUS, Enderlein.
Archiv Naturgesch. Abth. A. Heft 2, p. 13 (July 1912).
Cameron, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 56, p. 368 (October 1912)
(Rhopalospathius).
There is no doubt that Rhepalospathius is the same as Ogmophasmus,
and possibly the type species may be identical.
OGMOPHASMUS ERYTHROTHORAX (Cameron).
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol.56, p.371 (1912) (Rhopalospathius).
There are two specimens of this species of this species from Mfon-
gosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), January 1917 and March 1917. These
may represent a new species but agree well with Cameron’s description.
The base of the stigma is white and the head and thorax are both
in great part rufous.
SuBFAMILY SPATHIINAE.
SPATHIUS, Nees.
SPATHIUS STRIATICEPS, sp. nov.
Q. Length 45 mm.; ovipositor as long as the body. Piceous varied
with yellowish brown. Front, except margins; apical part of antennae ;
thorax, except prothorax; and petiole of abdomen piceous; remainder
of body and legs pale, including tegulae; the abdomen stained with
rufopiceous, and the femora blackened above. Wings nearly hyaline,
stigma black with pale base; veins dilute brown. Front, vertex and
face, except for two median tubercles, transversely striate; head behind
smooth. Head considerably wider than long, the occiput deeply emarg-
inate, with a strong carina; ocelli on a smooth tubercle, very close
together; eyes entire, small, broadly oval, nearly twice as long as the
smooth malar space. Antennae very long and slender; scape short,
412 Annals of the South African Museum.
obovate ; first flagellar joint one-half longer than the second and fully
twice as long as the scape; succeeding joints shorter. Pronotum
coarsely transversely wrinkled above. Mesonotum about as long as
wide, shagreened, transversely striate anteriorly on the sides, the
middle lobe sharply declivous in front; parapsidal furrows coarsely
transversely striate on the anterior half of the mesonotum, the striae
extending more or less beyond the furrows; behind they are separated
from a smooth median furrow by a fine raised line; basal groove of
scutellum composed of four elongate foveae separated by short carinae ;
dise of scutellum only slightly convex. Propodeum more or less trans-
versely reticulate, with a large area on each side that is smooth
basally; superomedian area lozenge-shaped, more acute in front.
Abdominal petiole nearly as long as the thorax, of even width, the
spiracles tuberculate, placed at its anterior third; surface above irre-
gularly, more or less longitudinally reticulate; body of abdomen highly
polished, no longer than the petiole; second segment gradually widened
behind where it is nearly as wide as long; following segments rapidly
narrowed, together but little less than half as long as the second.
Propleura finely rugose-reticulate below, above with some longitudinal
striae, between with a horizontal impression crossed by some coarse
striae or carinae. Mesopleura smooth with the oblique furrow crenate
and with some foveae to the sides anteriorly, with a coarsely crenate
line inside the posterior margin. Metapleura reticulate, much more
coarsely so near the propodeum. Legs long and slender, the femora
thickened, obclavate; hind coxae with a minute tooth below at the
base. Body and legs clothed with sparse whitish hair. Radial cell
nearly attaining the wing tip; third section of radius as long as the
other two together; first one-third as long as the second; nervulus
interstitial; recurrent nervure long, entermg near the base of
the second cubital cell; the latter somewhat widened toward the
apex which is only one third shorter than the top; nervellus
originating distinctly below the recurrent nervure; hind wing with
the radial cell simple, the submedian cell two-thirds as long as
the median.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April, 1916. Three
paratypes, from Acornhoek, Eastern Transvaal (R. W. Tucker),
November 1918. In the paratypes the striation of the head does
not extend above the ocelli, but they appear otherwise to be iden-
tical with the type.
This species and the following differ from most members of this
highly polymorphic genus in the non-globose head, with deeply
emarginate occiput.
- Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 13
SPATHIUS LAEVICEPS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 45 mm.; ovipositor one-fourth longer than the body.
Entirely dull fulvous, the tarsi and the antennae toward tips, darkened ;
sheaths of ovipositor piceous. Wings subhyaline; stigma pale yellow,
veins piceous. Head entirely shining and without sculpture; consi-
derably wider than thick, the temples arcuately rounded, much nar-
rower than the eyes; occipital deeply and broadly emarginate ; occipital
carina strong but not distinctly raised; ocelli small and very close
together; front nearly flat. Eyes of moderate size, broadly oval,
three times as long as the smooth malar space. Antennal scape
short, obovate; first flagellar jot nearly twice as long as the scape;
second noticeably shorter, followmg decreasing, but all long and
slender. Pronotum very coarsely and irregularly transversely wrinkled.
Mesonotum sub-shining, shagreened, the middle lobe strongly convex ;
parapsidal furrows deep anteriorly where a few of their transverse
ridges extend to the sides of the middle lobe; behind more shallow
and confused with some foveae and short transverse ridges that
extend between them and slightly on to the lateral lobes. Scutellum
shining, with four foveae at base separated by sharp ridges. Propo-
deum areolate behind, the carinae distinct, but not strongly elevated ;
superomedian area pentagonal, with a posterior side adjoining the
petiolar area; nearly smooth anteriorly, rugulose-reticulate posteriorly.
Propleurae rugulose below, coarsely longitudinally wrinkled above.
Mesopleura with the center smooth and shining; the lower oblique
furrow and anterior margin crenate; upper corner horizontally wrin-
kled; posterior edge with a crenate furrow. Metapleura reticulate.
Hind coxa with a minute tooth at its lower angle, the femora ob-
clavate; legs clothed with stiff pale hairs. Abdominal petiole nearly
as long as the thorax, of nearly even width, finely and irregularly
reticulate or rugose, without distinct longitudinal sculpture; second
segment widened to the tip, considerably longer than wide; follow-
ing short and narrowed. Basal vein straight; nervulus very slightly
postfurcal; radial cell almost reaching the tip of the wing; third
section of radius slightly longer than the other two sections together,
second nearly three times as long as the first, one-half longer than
the second transverse cubitus and as long as the first; recurrent
nervure long, received a considerable distance beyond the base of
the second cubital cell, the latter parallel, not widened toward apex;
nervellus originating distinctly below the recurrent nervure. Radial
cell of hind wing simple, not divided; submedian cell two-fifths as
long as the median.
14 Annals of the South African Museum.
Type from Komati Poort, Eastern Transvaal (R. W. Tucker),
November 1918.
This species is readily distinguished from the preceding by its pale
body and stigma as well as by the sculpture of the head, thorax
and abdominal petiole. :
SUBFAMILY HORMIINAE.
SPATHIOHORMIUS, Enderlein.
SPATHIOHORMIUS DENTATUS. sp. nov.
QO. Length 5.5 mm.; ovipositor distinctly longer than the abdomen.
Black, the orbits and base of antennal flagellum and tegulae rufo-
piceous; legs marked with pale brownish yellow as follows: fore legs,
including coxae. except middle of femora; middle legs, beyond coxae,
except spot on femora, hind trochanters and tibiae and tarsi, except tips.
Body and legs with sparse, stiff, pale hairs. Wings yellowish hyaline,
stigma piceous, pale at base: veins fuscous, costa fulvous at_ base.
Head a little broader than long, the tempies short, arcuately nar-
rowed; vertex and head behind shagreened: front narrowed toward
the base of the antennae, the ocelli not much farther from the eye
than from another, face convex, nearly smooth; eyes large, slightly
emarginate next to the antennae: malar space less than half the
diamether of the eye, without a distinct furrow. Antennae as long
as the body, very slender, with more than 30 joints: scape twice as
long as thick, flagellar joints all very long and slender, the first to
fourth very slightly decreasing in length, Pronotum coarsely trans-
versely wrinkled: mesonotum nearly twice as long as broad, its
surface shagreened; parapsidal furrows not meeting behind, marked
by large shallow foveae, between them near the base of the scutellum
are two raised lines defining a median groove. Scutellum weakly
convex, carinate laterally at the base, basal furrow broad, with several
cross lines near the median line. Propodeum with four large basal
areas defined by carinae, the median ones more than half as long
as the propodeum; areas shagreened, apical portion rugose-reticulate.
Propleura, above, longitudinally reticulate, below and the prosternum
shagreened. Mesopleura below with a deep, narrow horizontal groove
extending its entire length, its surface bare; shagreened; anteriorly
above with a more or less triangular raised area seperated by an
arcuate furrow, and with a smooth furrowed line next to the poste-
rior margin. Metapleura reticulate, its edge produced into a small
tooth just above the middle coxa. Abdomen slightly longer than
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 15
the thorax, subsessile or slightly clavate, the first segment fully twice
as long as broad at tip; sides evenly narrowed, the base more than
half as wide as the apex. Entire dorsum of abdomen regularly,
coarsely longitudinally striate, with minute transverse lines between
the striae; the first segment with two of the striae on each side
thickened at the base to form short carmae; second and third seg-
ments together as long as the first, the second longer than the third,
suturiform articulation broad and shallow, but well marked; fourth
segment transverse with a construction or impressed groove near the
base; fourth segment with four large teeth at apex, the median pair
acute, separated by an angular emargination, the lateral obtuse,
separated inwardly by an arcuate emargination and externally by a
sinuation of the lateral margin of the segment. Legs short and
thick, the femora stout, especially the posterior pair; these only
two-thirds the length of the tibiae and less than four times as long
as thick; hind coxae with a blunt tooth at the lower angle; the
legs and especially the tibiae with the sparse whitish hairs very
stiff and bristly. Wings with the median vein only slightly curved;
nervulus very short, postfurcal by its own length; cubitus, discoidal
and middle section of radius parallel as are also the basal, first
transverse cubital and recurrent nervure, the latter received at the
base of the second cubital cell; radial cell nearly attaining the wing
tip, the third section of the radius as long as the first and second;
second three times as long as the first and twice as long as the
second transverse cubitus; nervellus interstitial with the discoidal
vein; stigma emitting the radius at its middle. Hind wing with the
radial cell simple, indistinct; sub-median cell as long as the median.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1916.
This peculiar species might easily be separated as a distinct genus
or subgenus on account of the dentate apex to the abdomen, but it
agrees otherwise closely with Enderlein’s diagnosis of Spathiohormius,
which is unfortunately unknown to me in nature.
HORMIOPTERUS, Giraud.
HORMIOPTERUS CAPENSIS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 45 mm.; ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen.
Black; underside of scape and of flagellum at base, and tarsi fuscous;
trochanters more or less piceous. Wings hyaline, with fuscous mar-
kings as follows: spot before middle of median cell; crossband ex-
tending from just before nervulus to origin of nervellus; apical portion
beyond middle of stigma, darkest in radial cell and much weaker
16 Annals of the South African Museum.
near wing tip, with a hyaline spot just beyond the stigma and a
streak along the second transverse cubitus; veins piceous; stigma black,
with the basal third whitish. Head scarcely broader than thick, the
temples broad; rugulose above, the face shagreened, cheeks and head
behind, faintly shagreened, polished; ocelli in a nearly equilateral
triangle, nearly three times as far from the eyes as from one another.
Eyes small, oval, no longer than the malar space, which is smooth,
without furrow. Antennae with more than 20 joints; scape elongate-
oval, no longer than the first flagellar joint which is four times as
long as thick; second one-fourth shorter, following decreasing in length,
those toward apex fully twice as long as thick. Mesonotum and
scutellum rather coarsely shagreened; parapsidal furrows weakly fo-
veate in front, the inner edges sharply marked as the middle lobe
is raised above the lateral ones anteriorly; behind evanescent, with
some longitudinal wrinkles between them next to the scutellum.
Posterior edge of mesonotum indicated by a linear impression; basal
scutellar furrow deep, foveate; disc very convex, with a lateral carma
at base; propodeum longitudinally striate above, except for a rugulose
spot basally above at each side. Propleura irregularly wrinkled near
middle, shagreened above and below. Mesopleura irregularly wrinkled
above, shagreened on the upper anterior portion, nearly smooth below,
with a horizontal row of large, very shallow foveae, its posterior edge
with a coarsely punctate line. Metapleura shagreened in front, shag-
reened behind, with a finely punctate line next to the mesopleura.
Abdomen as long as the head and thorax; first and second segments
coarsely longitudinally striate or wrinkled, with minute cross-reticul-
ations between; second segment more finely striate at base, the striae
weaker beyond and disappearing before the hind margin, sides shag-
reened ; third finely striate at extreme base and very faintly so beyond
the disc, its apex and the followimg segments shining, faintly shag-
reened. First segment gradually widened behind, apex less than twice
as wide as the base; length one and one-half times the apical width ;
second segment at apex more than twice as broad as long, the sutur-
iform articulation straight, indistinctly impressed; third segment with
a shallow curved impression at base, extending from the anterior
angles to the basal third of the segment on the median line; second
third and fourth segments of about equal length, fifth longer, sixth
half as long. Median vein strongly bowed downwards on its apical
half, nervulus very slightly postfurcal; upper discoidal cell with it
sides and ends parallel; lower discoidal nearly four times as long as
high; recurrent nervure interstitial; radial cell ending not far before
the wing tip, the third section of the radius as long as the second
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 17
and the very short first together; second cubital cell parallel, its upper
side less than twice as long as its apex; stigma narrow, emitting the
radius beyond its middle; radius of hind wing obsolete, the submedian
cell less than one-third as long as the median.
Type from Cape Town (L. Péringuey), 1909.
This is a true Hormiopterus as limited by Enderlein (1912), the
first one to be described from this region.
SUBFAMILY PAMBOLINAE.
Gen. Pampouus, Hal.
PAMBOLUS ACICULATUS, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 2 mm. Uniformly fulvous, the antennae becoming
darker beyond the middle and piceous at the tips. Wings entirely
absent. Head but little wider than thick ; the eyes strongly protuberant,
nearly circular, with large ommatidia. Ocelli very small, in an equi-
lateral triangle, the paired ones one-half farther from the eye than
from one another; head rounded and narrowed behind the eyes, the
occiput and temples strongly margimed. Antennae 15-jointed, a little
longer than the body; scape short, pedicel rounded; first flagellar jomt
one-half longer than the scape and distinctly longer than the second:
following gradually shorter, none less than three times as long as thick.
Surface of head shining, with a faint trace of sculpture. Thorax
more than twice as long as wide; very coarsely reticulated ; prothorax
visible from above as a broad collar; mesonotum much widened behind ;
tegulae reduced to very minute scales. Scutellum with an acute erect
‘tooth; propodeum obliquely sloped. Pleurae more or less finely aci-
culate; mesopleura partly smooth. Abdomen regularly oval, more than
twice as wide as the thorax and distinctly longer than the head and
thorax combined; twice as long as wide; second segment slightly
longer than the third and twice as long as the first; first segment
with a transverse carina at the base, longitudinally aciculate, the lines
extending to the second segment, but becoming finer and nearly ob-
solete before its apex ; both sutures distinct the first deeper and broader:
third segment shining, with the faintest trace of some longitudinal
aciculations. Legs long and slender.
Type from Cape Town, April, 1886.
This is the first species of the genus to be discovered in the southern
part of Africa. It should be recognized by the 15-jomted antennae
and the configuration of the abdomen.
2
18 Annals of the South African Museum.
SuBFAMILY BRACONINAE.
MICROBRACON, Asum.
There are several species in the present collection which I have
referred provisionally to this genus. Some could easily be placed in
other genera that have been segregated from the old genus Bracon
(sensu auctorum). One or two others might be made types of new
genera, but the time does not seem ripe to attempt any grouping
that can be of permanent value, for it is very evident that only a
small part of the existing species have been studied. The following key
will serve readily to distinguish those here included. M. howardi -
Viereck from Mozambique is different from any of these species.
M. latilineatus and M. propinquus described by Cameron from the.
collections of the Berlin Zoological Museum, I have not seen and
could not be included in the key.
Key to species.
1. Hind femur enlarged, with a long tooth below near the middle
(Braconella) minor Szépligeti.
Hind femur normal, without tooth
2. Mesonotum shagreened, opaque 5 : é 3.
Mesonotum shining, more or less punctate . : : : 7.
3. Propodeum. with a longitudinal groove or carina, extending for its
entire length . : : : : ae
Propodeum without a aciom carina or groove, except comets toward
apex . : 5.
4. Head black, andomen fale AS segments iiree ol four Wad antennae _
entirely black . : : . latifasciatus sp. nov.
Head and abdomen pale; anlenree bas with a pale annullus
annulicornis sp. nov.
5. Head and thorax black, sharply maculate with pale yellow; abdomen pale
at base, with black apex < : : hieroglyphicus sp. nov.
Thorax not clearly maculate . : ‘ 6.
6. Second section of radius twice as long as the pecan tramenenee cubitus
zuluorum sp. nov.
Second section of radius not longer than the second transverse cubitus
jonest sp. nov.
Antennae 14-jointed, scarcely more than half as long as the body
curticornis sp. NOV.
Antennae many-jointed, of the usual length. : : 8.
Apex of first discoidal cell not much narrower than the aes : 12.
Apex of first discoidal cell only about half as wide as the base; abdomen
more distinctly sculptured and usually more or less opaque i).
ioe)
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 19
9. Second segment finely rugose; following shining, sparingly shagreened;
abdomen black . . Ceres sp. NOV.
Second segment sculptured hire the Bind, cine male 10.
10. Second abdominal segment with a small, distinct raised median area 11.
Second segment without a raised median area although faintly striate, with
the striae divergent at this point; in great part black (cf. also Bracon
celer Szep.) . sesamiae Cam.
11. Second and third Neements minutely rugose- Sereticulates shining; following
segments smooth . ; i monitor sp. nov.
Abdomen minutely rugulose, spars opaque. ‘ 1B
12. Abdomen shining, fulvous, delicately shagreened; wings hyaline; legs
pale : : . postfurcalis sp. nov.
Abdomen rugose 4 Ginortahonts light Pollon at base, piceous apically; wings
~ infuscated; legs wholly black . 5 : : sectator sp. noy.
13. Base of second segment with three smooth raised areas at base, a median
one and one to each side; mesonotum black, with a large central white
area. tuckert sp. nov.
Base of second popmneat mit only ihe feral median area; mesonotum
fulvous . : 3 : . praeceptor sp. nov.
Microsracon (Braconella) minor SZEPLIGESI.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 587. (41906).
Q. Length 35 mm.. Black, varied with yellowish and ferruginous.
Head and temples below the level of the antennae pale honey yellow,
including the palpi and an orbital stripe, widened above tegulae,
and propleurae ferruginous; abdomen to apex of fifth segment ferru-
ginous; front legs entirely, middle ones beyond coxae, and trochanters,
tips of femora, basal half of tibiae, calcaria, and four apical jomts
of tarsi of hind pair, pale ferruginous; wings subhyaline, stigma
and veins black. Body, especially the thorax and hind legs, clothed
with short white pubescence. Head transverse, almost twice as
broad as long, rounded and narrowed behind the eyes; occiput
shining, faintly shagreened; front subopaque, more coarsely shag-
reened; ocelli on a triangular tubercle which is as broad as its
distance from the eye; face rugose; eyes scarcely emarginate opposite
the antennae; malar space as long as the diameter of the antennal
scape; antennae 27-jointed; scape twice as long as thick; first and
second joints of flagellum subequal, less than twice as long as thick;
joints near middle slightly shorter, apex becoming very slender.
Mesonotum with broad shallow furrows that spread out behind to
form a flattened triangular area before the sides of the scutellum;
surface shining, faintly rugose-punctate; scutellum with a punctate
furrow at base, nearly smooth, as long as broad. Propodeum without
20 Annals of the South African Museum.
furrow or median carina, its posterior slope smooth and polished;
base and sides finely rugose punctate. Abdomen rather broad, its sur-
face opaque, very finely rugose; first segment with the apical area
finely sculptured, twice as wide as the smooth lateral space ; no distinct
lateral carinae; second segment as long as broad at base, with no
tubercles or distinct grooves; third segment two-thirds as long as the
second, separated by an arcuate, feebly crenulated furrow; third
segment with faint indications of separated anterior angles; this and
following segments not rimmed apically. Mesopleura with trace of a
furrow below, shining, with delicate rugoso-punctate sculpture ; meta-
pleura separated from propodeum by a deeply impressed furrow below
the round spiracle. Four anterior legs as usual; hind pair distinctly
thickened, the femora with a long slender, oblique tooth below at
the middle, directed toward the knee; femora broad, much compressed ;
tibiae very strongly compressed as is also the metatarsus in a lesser
degree. Radial cell extending almost to wing-tip; radial vein issuing
from middle of stigma, its first section two-thirds as long as the
second; third as long as the other two combined; second cubital
cell not narrowed toward tip, its apex half as long as its upper
side; first discoidal cell with a short petiole, its upper and lower
sides but weakly convergent; recurrent nervure received nearly its
own length before the apex of the first cubital cell.
A specimen from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1917;
and a second one from Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia, (H. C. Pead), 1911.
The toothed hind femora are quite an unique character recalling
those of Helcon or of certain Ichneumonidae. Otherwise the species
presents no striking pecuharities which would set it off from many
species of the Méerobracon. In the specimen from Bulawayo the
abdomen is dark basally on to the third-segment and the third and
following have the apical margin pale. Originally described from
Tanganyika Territory.
MICROBRACON ANNULICORNIS, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 5mm. Yellow and ferruginous, varied with black on
the thorax and apex of abdomen. Head pale honey yellow, the face
and cheeks light testaceous, ocellar space black, antennae black with
a pale annulus, with basal two joints ferruginous; thorax ferruginous ;
propodeum above, a spot on mesonotum behind tegulae and a. spot
on mesopleura black; legs yellowish, fourth abdominal segment
somewhat infuscated. Head twice as wide as thick, sharply nar-
rowed behind the eyes; vertex and front finely shagreened; ocelli
on a rounded tubercle that is scarcely as wide as its distance from
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 24
the eye. Eyes faintly emarginate next to the antennae, their
margins not convergent below; face finely rugulose; malar space as
long as the thickness of the antennal scape. Antennae about as
long as the body, with more than 29 joints (tips broken) joints
22-98 pale yellow, almost white; scape twice as long as thick ; first
and second joints of flagellum of equal length, each distinctly more
than twice as long as thick; all joints longer than thick; apex of
antenna not noticeably thinner than base of flagellum. Mesonotal
furrows not very broad nor deeply impressed, their inner edges
almost meeting behind, but the outer edges not defined, merging
into the flattened surface of the mesonotum. Scutellum with a
broad crenate furrow at base, not very convex. Propodeum finely
rugulose at base, reticulated apically, with a deep median furrow
on basal half; at apex with a median carina and several oblique
striae connected with it. Sides of propodeum more noticeably white
pubescent than the rest of the body. Abdomen rather short and
broad, convex above; first segment reticulate, the median portion
nearly an equilateral triangle, defined by an impressed line; side
portion more than half as wide as the median lobe, depressed and
smooth only along the lateral edge. Second segment much shorter
than broad at base, finely striate-reticulate, with a tubercle medially
at base, but without distinct basal area; sides without any grooves;
suturiform articulation, rather broad and deep, striate, sloping for-
ward toward the middle and also sharply at the lateral angles; third
segment shorter than the second, sculptured like it at base, but a
smoother apically, its anterior angles indistinctly set off by a curved,
faintly impressed groove, without a distinct rim; following segments
shagreened, successively smoother. Ovipositor slhghtly more than
half the length of the body. Pleurae rather evenly shagreened,
mesopleura without groove; with a small impression near the middle
of the slope near the metapleura; metapleura with a groove above
just below the small round spiracle. Legs slender. Wings sub-
hyaline; stigma and veins nearly black; radius issuing from the
middle of the wing and nearly attaining the wing tip, its first
section less than half as long as the second; third as long as the
other two together; second cubital cell distinctly narrowed toward
apex; second transverse cubitus considerably shorter than half the
second section of the radius; first discoidal cell with a short petiole,
its upper and lower sides very strongly convergent; recurrent ner-
vure received about two thirds its length before the apex of the
first cubital cell.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April, 1916. A second
22 Annals of the South African Museum.
specimen from the same place, April 1917 is considerably smaller
(3-2 mm.) and has a noticeable carina at the sides of the lobe of
the first abdominal segment. It is otherwise identical, including the
pale annulus on the antenna.
MICROBRACON LATIFASCIATUS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 3-35 mm. Head and abdomen yellowish, second and
third segments black; thorax mostly piceous; legs pale; wing sub-
hyaline. Head brownish yellow, lighter below, infuscated medially
above and on the occiput; ocellar spot black: thorax piceous; pro-
pleurae, upper part of mesopleura, tegulae and metapleura at base
of hind wings yellow or brownish; posterior part of parapsidal grooves
obscurely honey-yellow; abdomen pale yellow, the third segment,
except the extreme basal angles, and the fourth segment entirely,
black ; legs brownish yellow, hind coxae black, last tarsal joint black ;
hind legs with the femora infuscated on apical half, the tibiae at tip
and the tarsi beyond the base of the metatarsus. Head distinctly
more than twice as broad as thick, very strongly narrowed behind
the eyes. Ocellar tubercle as long as its distance from the eye-margin.
Head above shagreened, shining;° face minutely rugulose, the eyes
convergent below and faintly emarginate opposite the antennae; malar
space as long as the scape of the antenna. Antennae 26-jointed,
brownish at base, black beyond; scape small, about twice as long as
thick; first flagellar joint shehtly longer than the second, nearly three
times as long as thick; second to seventh subequal, twice as long as
thick; apical joints gradually narrowed. Mesonotum coarsely shag-
reened and with well separated punctures intermixed. Parapsidal
furrows strongly twnpressed, widened behind; mesonotum convex
throughout. Scutellum convex, separated by a very broad and deep
furrow at base. Propodeum shagreened, somewhat shining medially ;
with a median impression at the base, narrowed behind and giving
place to a carina near the apex. Abdomen rugose reticulate, more
finely so beyond the base of the third segment; first segment with
a flat smooth space in the center, the apex and sides reticulated, with
a triangular smooth lateral space where the segment is widened at
apex. Second segment with a very poorly defined, small, elongate,
posteriorly narrowed, median basal area, also with a distinctly im-
pressed, broad, slightly crenulate groove extending from each basal
angle backward and slightly inward to near the posterior margin;
second segment two-thirds as long as the second medially, its anterior
angles very weakly separated by a slight curved depression; third
and following segments narrowly and weakly rimmed at apex. Ovi-
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 23
positor as long as the abdomen. Legs rather slender. Wings sub;
hyaline; radial cell nearly reaching the wing-tip; stigma broad, the
radius issuing from its middle, the first section slightly more than
half the length of the second; third considerably longer than the other
two together ; second cubital cell scarcely narrowed apically, the second
transverse cubitus nearly two thirds as long as the second section of
the radius; first discoidal cell moderately narrowed toward apex; re-
current nervure received its own length before the apex of the first
cubital cell.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), May 1916. Paratypes
from the same place, April and May 1916.
MICROBRACON HIEROGLYPHICUS, Sp. nov.
o. Yellow and fulvous, boldly maculate with black; wings lightly
infuscated, more distinctly so at base. Head pale yellow, black behind
and on the ocellar space, the two black areas often broadly connected
and extending to the antennae; posterior orbits always pale; antennae
entirely black; mesonotum black, middle lobe broadly behind, and
lateral lobes in front and on the sides to the tegulae, pale yellow;
parapsidal furrows sometimes fulvous; scutellum yellow, sometimes
with a black spot medially at base; propleura black; mesopleura
entirely, and metapleura in front, varied with yellow and fulvous;
abdomen pale yellow, black beyond the middle of third segment,
although the black does not include the sides of the third and fourth
“nor the extreme base of the fourth segments; legs fulvous; the two
or four posterior coxae and hind legs from near apex of the tibiae
black. Head twice as broad as thick, very strongly and roundly
narrowed behind the eyes; ocellar area very indistinctly raised. Head
above and behind sub-shining, shagreened; face shining, very faintly
shagreened; malar space distinctly shorter than the scape of antennae,
face broad, eyes indistinctly emarginate opposite the antennae. An-
tennae 23-24 jointed; scape short and thick, but little longer than
wide; first flagellar joint barely longer than the second, both about
twice as long as thick; following very gradually decreasing in length,
the antenna gradually becoming very slender toward tip. Mesonotum
with the parapsidal furrows weakly impressed, obsolete behind, convex
in front, but with the middle lobe flat behind the middle. Scutellum
separated by a very narrow, finely crenulate furrow, almost flat except
at sides and apex. Propodeum shining, delicately shagreened, with a
median carina on the apical half. Abdomen striate-reticulate on
second and base of third segment, coarsely shagreened; first segment
with the middle lobe convex, roughened, depressed at sides; between
24 Annals of the South African Museum.
the lobe and the sides with a rather prominent carina; second seg-
ment over half as long as wide at base, without median basal area
or lateral grooves; third segment coarsely striate at base, fourth with
a crenate furrow at base; edges of segments without distinct rim;
posterior margin of second segment weakly emarginate at center,
turned sharply forward at sides; lateral angles of third not separated.
Legs slender. Wings with very broad stigma; radius issuing from
its middle, reaching almost to the wing tip, its second section only
one-third longer than the first; third much longer than the others
together; second cubital cell short, distinctly narrowed apically, the
second transverse cubitus almost as long as the second section of the
radius; first discoidal cell not petiolate, basal vein twice as long as
the recurrent nervure; recurrent nervure received in its own length
before apex of first cubital cell.
Type and four paratypes from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones),
May 1917. The species is rather striking on account of its bold color
pattern and sessile first discoidal cell.
MICROBRACON JONESI, sp. nov.
Q. Length 45 mm. Body, wings and antennae much more elon-
gate than usual. Fulvous brown, only the last joint of the tarsi and
the flagellum of antennae infuscated; wings hyaline with a yellowish
tinge; stigma pale yellow, neuration piceous. Head twice as broad
as thick, eyes very prominent, projecting much more than usual;
temples full behind the eyes, then suddenly narrowed, occiput strongly
concave; head above, and face shining, faintly shagreened; ocellar
area convexly raised, farther from the eye-margin than its own width ;
face nearly twice as broad as high; eyes small, little higer than broad ;
malar space half the eye-height. Antennae incomplete in the type,
with more than 25 joits; scape very broad at tip, no longer than
thick; flagellar jomts long and slender, increasing in thickness from
the base to the 25th joint. First antennal joint distinctly longer than
the second, nearly three times as long as thick, following gradually
growing shorter. Mesonotum and scutellum rather shining, shagreened ;
parapsidal furrows broad and very deep in front, narrowed and dis-
appearing behind at the middle of the mesonotum; middle lobe convex
and suddenly declivous in front; slightly concave behind; disc of
scutellum flat, with an impression in the middle, its base separated
by a broad, shallow, crenulate furrow. Propodeum short, rugulose,
without median line or furrow, below the spiracle with a groove
separating it from the metapleura. First segment of abdomen flat at
base, apically convex and roughened, except for the smooth depressed —
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 25
‘sides, which are not separated by a distinct carina. Second and third
segments very finely reticulate-striate, following ones more still finely
reticulate or shagreened. Second segment nearly as long as broad
at base, without basal area, but with a sharply defined, delicately
crenulate furrow on each side extending from the anterior margin
near the lateral angle to the posterior margin just outside the median
line; posterior margin defined by an evenly curved, shallow, finely
striated, rather broad furrow; third to sixth segments scaicely de-
creasing in length, with a polished hind margin; anterior angles of
the third not separated nor produced forward; the whole abdomen
nearly flat above and elongate oval, its greatest width less than half
its length from the base of the second to tip of eighth segment.
Legs slender. Stigma rather narrow, the radius originating beyond
its middle and ending distinctly before the wing tip; second section
scarcely shorter than the first; third over twice as long as the other
two together; second cubital cell scarcely narrowed toward tip; second
transverse cubitus as long as the second section of the radius; first
discoidal cell large, scarcely petiolate, distinctly narrowed apically
although the recurrent nervure is as long as the first section of the
cubitus; the former received less than its own length before the tip
of the first cubital cell; nervellus originating just below the middle
of the transverse discoidal vein. Ovipositor two-thirds as long as the
abdomen.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1917.
This species is more elongate than usual, with the abdomen less
convex above and with very clearly marked grooves on the second
segment.
MIcROBRACON ZULUORUM, Sp. Nov.
oO. Length 28 mm. Brownish yellow, brighter on the head;
ocellar space and antennae, middle lobe of mesonotum in front and
the parapsides black; extreme tips of tarsi and abdomen, except at
sides, infuscated. Wings nearly hyaline, stigma yellowish, venation.
fuscous. Head twice as wide as thick, strongly and rapidly narrowed
behind the eyes; ocellar area strongly elevated, its diameter less than its
distance from the eyes.. Head above finely shagreened; face more
coarsely so and less shining, somewhat broader than long: eyes
scarcely emarginate opposite the antennae, rather large, the malar
space nearly as long as the scape. Antennae 28-jointed, gradually be-
coming very slender toward the tips; scape narrow at base, widened
apically, as broad as long; first and second joints of flagellum of
equal length, each slightly more than twice as long as thick; those
26 Annals of the South African Museum.
immediately beyond scarcely shorter. Mesonotum moderately convex
above, elevated, although the parapsidal furrows are not strongly
impressed in front and disappear at the middle where they widen
out to form a large flattened space on each side of the median line.
Scutellum only slightly convex, with a rather broad but very shallow
and weakly crenulated furrow at the base; entire mesonotum and
scutellum shining and coarsely shagreened. Propodeum coarsely
shagreened, with a median carina at the extreme apex and with a
large curved furrow below the spiracle. First abdominal segment
with the median part flat and much depressed, reticulate at apex,
otherwise smooth; sides raised, reticulate and with a deeply impres-
sed narrow line very close to the lateral margin. Second segment
rugose-reticulate, more coarsely so at middle, coarsely shagreened
at apex as is the entire surface of all of the following segments;
considerably shorter than wide at base; without median basal area;
its posterior margin straight at the middle but curved forward at
the sides; its disk with a crenulated groove on each side arising
near the anterior angle and sloping inward to end before the posterior
margin at a considerable distance from the median line; suture at
base of third segment rather deep, crenulated except at the lateral
angles which are not distinctly separated by a groove; third segment
smooth and with a slight rim on the posterior edge; pleurae uni-
formly shagreened. Legs slender. Ovipositor nearly as long as the
abdomen. Wings with the stigma rather narrow, the radius issuing
barely before its middle and extending quite to the extreme tip of
the wing; its second section twice as long as the first, third equ-
alling the others together; second cubital cell not narrowed toward
apex, the second transerve cubitus nearly hyaline, less than half as
long as the second section of the cubitus; first discoidal cell hardly
petiolate, strongly narrowed apically, the recurrent nervure being about
two thirds as long as the basal vein; recurrent nervure entering the
first cubital cell less than its own length before the tip of the cell.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1917.
MICROBRACON CURTICORNIS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 25 m.m. Black, conspicuously clothed with white
hairs; the head, parapsidal grooves, large area on mesonotum and
pleural spot, yellow: legs infuscated; wings distinctly brown basally,
hyaline beyond the stigma; stigma and venation piceous, except
basal section of cubitus, and second transverse cubitus, which are
pale. Head less than twice as broad as thick, rather full behind
the eyes, then suddenly narrowed; posterior surface and ocellar area
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 27
black, the latter moderately elevated, separated by its own width
from the eye-margin; head shagreened, shining above, less so on the
face, which is nearly twice as wide as long. Eyes rather small, the
malar space somewhat longer than the scape of the antennae.
Antennae 14-jointed, very short and stout, when folded back, barely
attaining the apex of the thorax; scape swollen toward apex, but
nearly twice as long as thick; first flagellar jot more slender and
slightly longer than the second, which is scarcely longer than thick;
following nearly quadrate, of equal width except for the more slender
apical joint. Mesonotum and scutellum smooth and polished; the
mesonotum very convex anteriorly with no impressed parapsidal
furrows, although these are indicated by broad yellow stripes con-
nected with a large quadrate yellow spot before the scutellum;
mesonotum flat behind; scutellum nearly flat, separated at base by
a narrow crenulate groove. Propodeum without median groove or
carina, shagreened, shining, with a nearly straight groove below the
spiracle. First segment of abdomen with the median lobe convex,
shining, bordered on each side by a broad flat yellow space of equal
width, separated from the lobe by a fine, impressed line. Second
to fourth segments gradually decreasing in length, all the sutures
very faintly impressed and smooth; surface shining, sparsely sha-
greened on the second and third segments; second one third shorter
than wide at base, on each side with a short, oblique, smooth
groove extending halfway to apex; abdomen only shghtly convex
and but little widened at the middle. Ovipositor half the length of
the abdomen. Mesopleura smooth and polished, except anteriorly
above. Legs rather slender, brownish, with the coxae and the
trochanters and base of the four hind legs more or less blackish
or fuscous. Stigma broad, the radius issuing from its middle and
ending a considerable distance before the wing tip, its second section
but little longer than the first; third nearly one-half longer than
the other two together; second cubital cell shghtly narrowed toward
apex, its lower side convex; second transverse cubitus nearly as
long as the second section of the radius; cubitus extending scarcely
beyond the second cubital cell; first discoidal ‘cell with a very short
petiole, strongly narrowed toward apex, the recurrent nervure being
only slightly more than half as long as the basal vein; recurrent
nervure received less than its own length before the apex of the
first cubital cell.
Type from Cape Town, 1915 (L. Péringuey).
28 Annals of the South African Museum.
MIcROBRACON POSTFURCALIS, Sp. nov.
QO. Length 35 mm. Bright fulvo-ferruginous, the head including
antennae, black, except for a short orbital stripe at the top of the
eye. Wings rather strongly infuscated, stigma black, venation
piceous. Head more than twice as broad as thick, rapidly narrowed
behind the eyes, the occiput broadly emarginate; ocellar space
strongly elevated, separated from the eye-margin by considerably
more than its own width, vertex smooth and polished, viewed from
the front its sides are seen to be strongly curved downwards; eyes
not emarginate, highly convex, rather large, although the malar
space is nearly as long as the antennal scape; face one-half wider
than high, its surface subshining, shagreened. Antennae with more
than 24 joimts (tips broken), stout gradually taperimg beyond the
middle; scape nearly twice as long as thick; second flagellar joint
distinctly longer than the first, about one-half longer than thick,
others more nearly quadrate. Mesonotum convex throughout, with
complete, smooth, distinctly impressed parapsidal furrows that con-
verge only very slightly behind. Scutellum convex, separated by a
smooth, straight furrow at base. Propodeum smooth, polished,
without median groove or furrow; laterally with a straight furrow
below the spiracle. Pleurae entirely smooth and shining. First
segment of abdomen with the median lobe large, pyriform, smooth,
only slightly convex; lateral portion depressed, broken by a short
oblique carina at the middle. Second and following segments rather
shining, but distinctly shagreened, broad and strongly convex; second
segment entirely without median basal area or lateral grooves, the
suturiform articulation narrow, straight and crenulate for its entire
length; second segment only half as long as wide at the base; third
segment as long as the second, without rim posteriorly or any
groove at the anterior angles. Entire abdomen broad and _ short.
Ovipositor as long as the abdomen. Wings rather long; stigma very
narrow, the radius issuing at its middle and extending almost to
the wing tip; second section of radius nearly twice as long as the
first; third equal to the other two together. Submedian cell longer
than the median by about twice the thickness of the basal vein; first
discoidal cell with a distinct petiole, but little narrowed toward apex;
recurrent nervure entering the first cubital cell near its tip; second
cubital cell not narrowed apically, the second transverse cubitus
two-thirds as long as the second section of the radius, cubitus extend-
ing to the wing tip. Legs stout, especially the hind pair and with
very strong tibial spurs.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 29
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1915.
This species will be readily distinguished by the form of the
antennae and mesothorax. As in some species of Iphiaulax, the
submedian cell is quite distinctly longer than the median.
MICROBRACON TUCKERI, Sp. nov.
oO. Length 5 mm.. Fulvous, maculate with black, yellow and
cream-white. Head yellow, with a broad black stripe above from
the antennae to the occiput; mesonotum black, with the middle lobe,
except its anterior third, cream-white; marked with pale yellow as
follows; stripe below each antennae extending down the inner and
lower orbits, streak along lower margin of pronotum, large spot on
mesopleura above, and lateral triangles of first abdominal segment.
Wings slightly infuscated, especially at base; stigma black, with the
base white; veins dark fuscous. Head scarcely broader than thick,
the temples full; occiput not excavated; ocellar triangle as long as
its distance from the eye-margin; head shining above; face very
minutely rugose; eyes small, very nearly round; malar space one-
fourth the diameter of the eye, without furrow; antennae 31-jointed;
first flagellar joint no longer than the second, each twice as long as
thick, following joints growing shorter. Mesonotum smooth and
polished, without any indications of parapsidal furrows; propodeum
smooth, without median keel or groove. Abdomen finely, longitu-
dinally rugose-reticulate, much more finely so beyond the fourth
segment; suturiform articulation striated, broad medially and nar--
rower laterally, where it gives off a faint backward branch which limits
the edge of an indistinctly separated corner on the third segment.
First segment as broad as long, middle portion convex, rugose, the
side-pieces separated by a crenate line, lateral triangles twice as long
as wide. Second segment twice as wide as long, the posterior margin
suddenly curved forward at the sides; anterior median area distinct,
smooth, triangular; on each side of this and contiguous with it on
the basal margin, is a similar, larger, smooth, convex triangle of
nearly equilateral form which does not attain the anterior corner of
the segment, its is bounded outwardly by a broad shallow impression
that extends nearly to the posterior suture. ‘Third segment shorter
and wider than the second; fourth narrower and shorter; fifth much
narrowed, a little longer than the fourth; sixth minute; third to
fifth with a slightly raised posterior rim. Radial cell nearly reaching
the wing-tip, radius issuing from just before the middle of the
stigma; first section of radius half as long as the second; third as
long as the two preceeding; second cubital cell parallel, the second
30 Annals of the South African Museum.
transverse cubitus not quite half as long as the second section of
the radius; recurrent nervure received half its Jength before the
apex of the first cubital cell; first discoidal cell not strongly narrowed
apically, petiolate above; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Nuragas, 8. W. Africa.(R. W. Tucker), Jan. 1920.
In the cubical head and the three basal triangles on the second
abdominal segment, this is a most unusual species. For these cha-
racters, it might easily be placed in another genus. I cannot find
any other so far described into which it will fit and for obvious
reasons, do not wish to propose one for an isolated species. It
ought to be sought for here on account of its size, habitus and other
characters.
MICROBRACON PRAECEPTOR, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 45 mm. Fulvous, the abdomen more yellowish with
iufuscated apex; ocellar area, occiput medially and antennae black;
tegulae, last joint of tarsi and part of hind coxae dark brown; apical
half of hind tibiae and their tarsi, except fourth joint, piceous.
Wings hyaline, stigma and venation piceous. Head less than twice
as wide as thick, rather full and less narrowed than usual behind
the eyes; occiput narrowly emarginate. Ocellar area large, but
little elevated, separated by its width from the eye margin. Vertex
smooth, shining, front and face shagreened, the latter one half wider
than long. Malar space as long as the antennal scape; head behind
the eyes faintly vertically aciculate. Mesonotum strongly convex in
front, with deeply impressed, crenulated, parallel parapsidal furrows
which fade out behind. Scutellum nearly flat, with a broad, strongly
crenulate furrow at the base. Propodeum smooth at the sides,
shagreened on the disk, with a broad shallow median impression at
base and a short carina at extreme apex in front of which are
several v-shaped carinae; below the spiracle with a broad shallow
straight furrow. Pleura shining, slightly shagreened. Abdomen
short, broad and convex. First segment with the median lobe short
and broad, obtusely pointed in front; flat and smooth, except at
apex, where it is reticulated; between the lobe and the sides with
a carina on each side, the carinae parallel; depressed sides of the
seoment triangular, not extending to the base. Second to fourth
segments reticulated, very finely so on the third and fourth and
somewhat more coarsely so on the base of the second; second
segment three times as wide at the base as long on the median line,
its posterior margin broadly curved forwards toward the middle and
sharply so at the sides; medially at the base with a distinct, raised,
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 31
although not entirely smooth area, that is continued to the apex of
the segment as a narrow ridge; no distinct grooves at the sides
although there is an indefinte longitudinal impression on each side.
Suturiform articulation broad, striated, more coarsely so near the
middle. Third segment as long as the second along the median
line; posterior edge of third to fifth segments smooth and forming
a rim between the margin and a slightly impressed submarginal line.
Third segment with an indistinctly raised area near the anterior
angles, the fourth with a quite distinct small tubercle at this point.
Ovipositor longer than the abdomen. Legs rather stout and noticeably
clothed with white hairs, as is also the rest of the body. Stigma
broad, emitting the radial vein just before its middle; second section
of radius not quite twice as long as the first; third slightly longer
than the other two together; second cubital cell not narrowed toward
apex. the second transverse cubitus two-thirds as long as the second
section of the radius; first discoidal cell with a rather long petiole,
strongly narrowed toward apex; recurrent nervure received nearly
its length before the tip of the first cubital cell; submedian cell
barely longer than the median; cubital vein weak near the apex.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1917.
MICROBRACON CERES, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 3 mm. Long and slender, strongly pubescent; more
or less piceous, with lighter markings on the thorax above. Head
and abdomen piceous, the basal two segments more brownish;
mesonotum with the middle lobe in front and the lateral lobes,
except anteriorly and at the extreme side, black, elsewhere and also
the scutellum and sides of the propodeum honey yellow. Head below
yellowish, palpi black. Wings subhyaline, stigma pale brownish,
venation dark fuscous. Head less than twice as broad as thick, the
temples short and rather rapidly narrowed behind the eyes; occiput
not excavated; head above smooth and polished, the ocellar area
raised, as broad as its distance from the eye-margin. Face but little
wider than long, shagreened; malar space as long as the antennal
scape. Antennae more than 37-jointed (tips broken) slender and of
uniform thickness for most of their length; scape a little longer
than broad; first and second flagellar jomts of equal length, each
more than twice as long as thick; following slightly shorter and
thicker. Mesonotum long, shining, with obscure scattered punctures
behind on the flat central portion; parapsidal furrows impressed only
on the anterior half. Scutellum rather convex, with a strong crenate
furrow at the base. Propodeum with the surface shining but un-
32 Annals of the South African Museum.
even, with a median groove distinct on basal half. Abdomen long
and slender; first segment with the median lobe shining, convex, its
sides nearly parallel except at base, bordered laterally by a groove,
followed by a broad ridge before the depressed side-piece which
extends nearly to the base of the segment. Second segment with
a minute shining tubercle medially at the base, continued posteriorly
to the middle of the segment as a slight ridge; surface minutely
reticulate or tuberculate; as long as wide at the base; suturiform
articulation broad, crenulate, other sutures not impressed. Third
and following segments shining almost smooth, the third to seventh
of nearly equal length; second and third with no indications of
lateral areas or grooves. Legs very slender. Stigma narrow, emitting
the radius from near its middle, the radius nearly attaining the
Wing-tip; first section less than half as long as the second, third as
long as the other two together; second cubital cell narrowed toward
apex. the second transverse cubitus half as long as the second
section of the radius; first discoidal cell with a rather long petiole,
strongly narrowed toward apex; recurrent nervure entering the first
cubital cell near the apex; cubital vem extending nearly to the
marein of the wing. Ovipositor one-third as long as the abdomen.
Type from Matroosberg, Ceres Division, Cape. 3500 feet. November,
1917. (R. M. Lightfoot).
MICROBRACON MONITOR, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 3°2 mm.; ovipositor as long as the abdomen. Bright
fulvo-ferruginous; antennae black; ocellar space and posterior portion
of occiput, connected by a broad stripe, black; mesonotum on each
side with a large spot near the tegula, and postscutellum and lower
part of mesopleura, black; four anterior tarsi fuscous with the apical
joint black, hind ones entirely black. Wings slightly brownish; stigma
black, veins dark brown. Head less than twice as broad as thick,
roundly narrowed behind, ocellar triangle removed by more than its
diameter from the eye; vertex smooth and shining; front shagreened,
subopaque; eyes more distinctly hairy than usual; malar space almost
as long as the antennal scape. Antennae 26-jointed; scape less than
twice as long as thick; pedicel quadrate, two-thirds as long as the
first flagellar joint which is over twice as long as thick; next several
joints about as long as the first flagellar, following becoming gvadually
shorter and more slender. Mesonotum entirely smooth, with broad
deeply impressed parapsidal furrows which become less distinct behind
where the lateral lobes are flattened. Scutellum as long as broad,
with a very coarsely crenulated or striate groove at the base. Propodeum
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 33
smooth and shining, without a median groove or line, its surface evenly
convex. Propleura shining, with an oblique, coarsely crenulate oblique
line in front. Mesopleura smooth and shining, with a curved, nearly
vertical groove near the upper anterior corner and a foveate impression
behind near the middle. Metapleura faintly sparsely punctate. First
segment of abdomen with the middle lobe raised at apex, the sides
smooth, flat. Second segment nearly twice as broad as long, the
posterior margin sinuous, extending forward distinctly to the median
line and more strongly so on each side; with a median raised tubercle
at base, which extends narrowly to near the posterior margin, the
narrow apical part bordered on each side by a short groove outsidé
of which. is a carina; its surface finely reticulate-rugose, shining.
Anterior corners of second and third segments not separated; suturi-
form articulation deeply crenulate medially; third segment nearly as
long medially as the second, similarly, but more finely sculptured,
its narrow posterior border convex and smooth and shining; following
segments faintly shagreened, shining, their posterior margins not re-
flexed. Legs moderate, noticeably white pilose, as are also the propo-
deum and metapleurae. Median and submedian cells of equal length ;
first discoidal cell with a short petiole, strongly narrowed apically, the
apex not much more than half as high as the base; radial vein
issuing from the middle of the stigma and extending nearly to the
tip of the wing; second section slightly more than twice as long as
the first, the two together as long as the third; second cubital cell
slightly but distinctly narrowed toward tip, its apex nearly half as
long as its upper side; recurrent nervure received almost its own
length before the apex of the first cubital cell.
Type from Cape Province.
MICROBRACON SECTATOR sp. nov.
Q. Length 5°5 mm.; ovipositor as long as the abdomen, exclusive
of the petiole. Black, varied with rufous on the head and _ thorax,
and with pale yellowish brown on the abdomen; legs black, calcaria
brown; body, especially propodeum and legs, strongly silvery pube-
scent; wings very noticeably infuscated. Head rufous, with a spot
above, larger than the ocellar space, black. Thorax black, with the
entire prothorax, humeral spot on mesonotum, mesopleura above and
propodeum near hind coxae rufous or brownish. First two segments
of abdomen and base of third and fourth testaceous yellow; apex and
remainder of third and fourth segments piceous; stigma and venation
black. Head nearly twice as wide as long, strongly, roundly narrowed
behind the eyes; vertex and occiput shining; ocelli large, in a nearly
3
34 Annals of the South African Museum.
equilateral triangle, separated by about their own diameter, posterior
ones more than twice as far from the eye as from one another;
ocellar space strongly convex, surrounded by a distinct groove above
and at sides; front deeply and broadly impressed medially, its surface
smooth but opaque; face very irregularly reticulated; malar space as
long as the antennal scape. Antennae with 36 joints; scape short,
curved, twice as long as thick; pedicel a little shorter than thick;
first and second flagellar joints equal, each one-half longer than wide;
following very gradually shorter and more slender, those beyond the
middle quadrate. Mesonotum smooth and shining, with deep para-
psidal furrows which are triangularly widened only at extreme post-
erior end; scutellum slightly longer than wide, smooth, with a broad
crenate groove at base. Propodeum short, rounded, punctulate, except
at apex; no median groove or carina; subspiracular groove deep and
narrow. Median lobe of first abdominal segment broad, with a median
groove, its surface finely longitudinally striate-reticulate, sides nearly
smooth; posterior angles depressed and separated. Second segment
half as long as wide at apex, its posterior margin only slightly sinuate;
surface finely longitudinally rugose-reticulate; its corners and those
of the third segment not separated; suturiform articulation narrow,
crenulate; third segment considerably wider and a little shorter than
the second, with a smooth, faintly raised posterior border; sculptured
like the second as are also the fourth to seventh. Pleurae smooth
and polished. Legs very stout; femora simple; hind tibiae notice-
ably flattened, as wide as the eye. Radius emerging from the middle
of the stigma and extending almost to the tip of wing, first section
half as long as the second, third as long as the other two; second
cubital cell slightly widened toward apex, the second transverse cubitus
very oblique, irregular, more or less parallel to the first; the apex
of the second cubital cell more than half as long as its anterior side;
first discoidal cell with a rather short petiole, only slightly narrowed
apically; recurrent nervure received near the apex of the first cub-
ital cell.
Type from Durban, Natal (W. Haygarth), April 1915.
EUUROBRACON, Ashmead.
EUUROBRACON (?) MANDIBULARIS, sp. nov.
Q. Length 12 mm.; ovipositor 52 mm. Rufro-ferruginous, the
head lighter and the propodeum darker at apex; propleurae and
mesopleurae anteriorly more or less fuscous; antennae, hind tibiae,
excepting their spurs, and hind tarsi black; sheaths of ovipositor
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 35
black. Wings pale yellow, marked with blackish as follows; a spot
in the basal corner of the first discoidal cell extending halfway
across the basal cell from the middle of the basal vein and into the
upper apical quarter of the lower discoidal cell, a spot toward the
base of the second cubital cell extending into the apex of the first
cubital cell and well into the base of the radial cell, an apical
crescentic band extending around the wing apex from apical third
of radial cell to curve forward and nearly meet the second wing
spot; this band thickest at the wing apex; hind wing with a band
at middle, not quite reaching the fore margin and narrowly con-
nected behind with a dark spot which includes the apical fifth of
the wing. Head, seen from above little wider than thick, the
temples as deep as the width of the eyes, roundly narrowed on their
posterior half; occiput not at all excavated; vertex convex; front
feebly excavated above the antennae; ocelli very large, in a equi-
lateral triangle, less than half their diameter from one another;
ocellar area separated by a fine depressed line, more than its own
witdh from the eye-margin. Face nearly twice as wide as high,
with a median shield-shaped convex area midway between the
antennae and the oral margin; the latter weakly arcuately incised
from the outer corner of the mandible, making the mouth open very
broad and not circular; clypeal foveae small, very deep. Malar
space short, one-fourth as long as the eye-width, with a very
obscure furrow. Mandibles very large, almost as broad as the eye
at base, the outer edge bent nearly at right angles at the middle,
apex rather acute; the lateral articulations of the mandibles so far
apart that the head appears scarcely narrowed below the eyes.
Head shining, with scattered punctures on the clypeus and base of
mandibles and with a few short striae between the eyes and the
sides of the clypeus. Mesonotum smooth, highly convex, without
furrows. Scutellum nearly flat on the disk, raised above the meso-
notum, without distinct groove at base. Propodeum smooth and
shining, with long sparse pale hairs, with a groove extending from
near the base to the tip just below the elongate-oval spiracle.
Pleurae smooth and shining. Abdomen long, no wider than the
thorax. First segment less than twice as long as wide at tip, median
lobe occupying most of its surface, convex, smooth; separated from
the lateral flat border by a groove behind the spiracle and by a
triangular basal lateral lobe before the spiracle. Second segment
slightly longer than broad at base, coarsely but irregularly and
closely longitudinally striate; smooth medially at extreme base and
on posterior margin; without grooves or tubercles except for a
36 Annals of the South African Museum.
weakly curved, poorly defined impression between the anterior
angles; suturiform articulation smooth, not deep, nearly straight; third
segment nearly as long as the first, striate like the second at base,
the striae very short at the sides, but extending past the middle on
the median portion; its lateral angles not separated; fourth and
fifth segments smooth, each two-thirds as long as the third; remaining
segments very short. Legs slender, simple; hind coxae elongate,
nearly three times as long as thick. Transverse median vein inter-
stitial; first discoidal cell with a short petiole, but little narrowed
apically; subdiscoidal vein arising at the lower third of the cell.
Radius originating at the middle of the rather narrow stigma and
extending nearly to the tip of the wing, its first section one third
as long as the second; third as long as the other two; second
cubital celll with parallel sides, the second transverse cubitus half
as long as the second section of the radius. Stigma and venation
honey-yellow.
Type from ,,Beach” Durban (Natal) (H. W. Marley), 1900.
This species will be easily recognized by the color pattern of the
wings and long ovipositor. The peculiar form of the very large
mandibles and the consequently greatly modified clypeal excavation
are not those of a typical Braconine. Taken by itself, the species
might seem entitled to generic rank, but I do not doubt that trans-
itional species will be found. I have placed it provisionally in
Euurobracon as it appears to be similar in the form of the head to
E. quadriceps Smith. However, the nervulus is interstitial, whereas
in the true Huurobracon it is postfurcal although in Ashmead’s figure
(P. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 30, pl. 25 (1906) it is shown to be almost
interstitial. On this account the genus has been placed in the
Exothecinae by Szépligeti and Roman.
IPHIAULAX, Forster.
This very extensive and highly polymorphic genus is represented
in South Africa, as in most of the warmer portions of the world, by
a large number of species. Some of these enjoy a wide range, extending
from Equatorial Africa to the Cape, while others appear to have a
much more limited distribution, at least in the present state of our
knowledge.
Several of the South African species date back to Brullé’s ‘‘Histoire
Naturelle des Insectes Hyménopteéres’” published 1846 and most of
these are recognizable from his descriptions which usually include
the salient structural characters. So much cannot be said for the
descriptions of some of the later hymenopterists and I have been
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera, 37
unable to place some species. Fortunately many of Cameron’s species
are represented in the material before me, much of which has been
compared with Cameron’s types in the South African Museum by
Dr. Périmguey. Some of his species I have unfortunately not been
able to place as they do not seem to be represented in the present
collection and the types are not available for comparison. The same
is true of several of Szépligeti’s species. Omitting these and a few
others, I have compiled a key which will, I think serve for the
identification of the remaining species known to occur in South Africa,
including a few which are undoubtedly new.
Szépligeti has attempted to divide Iphiaulax in a number of genera
or subgenera, but these are not taken into account, as I do not believe
that they are defined by sufficiently clear-cut characters to assist in
the classification of the group. On the other hand, the following table
is artificial and makes no attempt to group the species according to
their natural affinities.
Key to species of Iphiaulax (sens lat.).
1. Anterior wings yellow from their bases to the apex of the stigma; black
apically, sometimes with a small hyaline area ; : 6.
Wings not colored thus; at least some dark marking perreen the base and
stigma; often almost, or entirely black ; 2.
2. Wings for a short distance at the base, at least meatle half the anesh of
the submedian cell, clear yellow; beyond Supa! black or banded or
spotted with black . ; : 12.
Wings of different color; never yellow or Poonam caoasly? lighter at the
base. : 3.
3. Second avaominel Reprint Ride aictines aculpeare! einer piriates punctate,
or rugose, or with these in combination : 4.
Second abdominal segment with the surface satin and moliehedh 32.
4. Legs entirely black . : : : ! j 33.
Legs rufous, ferruginous or enter sometimes the hind tibiae and tarsi
black or the legs distinctly bicolored. ; ; 5.
5. Entire stigma blood-red or coccineous, rarely vellowisht Aerep without
black at apex; costa often red also . ; : 42.
Stigma yellow at base and black apically, or eatirele black: costa never
red : 57.
6. At ieee the ace fe eemente of efadlenagm with loneitedinl or opr
striae. : . . . th
Abdomen not teneindinally rated : 10.
7. Ovipositor very long, nearly twice as long as the bodye fact tour ahdonal
segments and basal middle of fifth segments striated (= striatus Szép.)
aethioprcus Cam.
Ovipositor shorter, not equalling the length of the body . : 8.
38
10.
ite
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
ili
Annals of the South African Museum.
Four basal segments of abdomen striate : 1
No strie on the third and fourth segments; sutunitann artiedlation deeply
crenulate : 3 9.
Basal two-thirds of secand abdominal nesiient lonpitudinalle striated; fur-
row on fourth and fifth segments crenulated ; xanthocarpus Cam.
Sides of second segment with oblique coarse striz; furrows of fourth and
fifth segments smooth . : 5 . phryganator Thunb.
Ovipositor very short; second Arent! segment without a median keel
beyond the basal area . E : ornaticollis Cam.
Ovipositor longer than abdomen; eaond seater with a median keel beyond
the basal area . 2 (= triment Cam.) wanthopterus Cam.)
Striation of abdomen fine and close . : : odontoscapus Cam.
Striation of abdomen very coarse, striz far apart . . lugens Brullé
Stigma entirely red. 5 : rubrinervis Cam.
Stigma yellow, usually black ipiealle : : 13.
Abdomen smooth and shining, neither Bemetarel nor pinata
trichiosomus Cam.
Basal segments of abdomen strongly sculptured. 5 : 14h.
Abdomen bicolored, yellow or red at base with one or several or all but
the first segment black : ; 15.
Abdomen red or yellow, sometimes with some mrascarede areas before the
apex . é 19.
Wings with the pale bend nelow the ailaie erienine nth across the
wing to the hind margin : : 16.
Wings with the pale marking nelowd the iam Fol Fouine the posterior
margin of the wing and not forming a distinct band : : 18.
Abdomen black beyond the first segment; second segment with a large
median basal shining area that extends toward the apex of the segment
as a strong carina ; : lye
Abdomen black only beyond the founin peaenty Recon eqn without,
or with a very small median basal area ; minyas 8p. Noy.
Second to fifth abdominal segments stoutly striated bastornatus Cam.
Second to fifth segments without striae except for a few short ones medially
near the base of the third and fourth segments. © . phosphor sp. nov.
Abdomen black beyond the first segment; head and thorax yellow; hind
femora black . . - proserpina sp. NOV.
Abdomen black boron the third or Fount eerents : ; 29.
Fifth segment of abdomen distinctly sculptured : 20.
Fifth segment of abdomen smooth and aca rarely with fine trace of
sculpture at center. 23.
Hind tibiz and their tarsi black entirely or. in ants salsa or adele
stout species . : 21.
Hind tibie and “psi tarsi memati. “ doucalerous a ine body; abdomen
long and very slender : : hesper sp. nov.
A small species, 8 mm. in length, Ae otis less than half as long as
the body; tips of hind tibie and tips of their tarsal joints black
spilopus Cam.
Larger species, hind tibie and tarsi entirely black . . : 22.
23.
24.
27.
28.
30.
3l.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 39
Apical half of wings black, with yellow spots; large species with basal
abdominal segments finely regularly striated
(= nobustus Cam.) martini Gribodo.
Apical half of wings yellow with separated black markings; moderate
sized species with the basal abdominal segments coarsely and irregularly
striated . : : 3 . aurora sp. nov.
Ovipositor as long as ine nak : j : 26.
Ovipositor less than half as long as the Body : é 24.
Small species, 8—9 mm. in length . ; 3 : : 25.
Large species, 15 mm. in length ; : F mimetieus Cam.
Legs entirely yellowish; second abdominal segment strongly striated ;
rhodesianus Cam.
Legs yellow, the hind tibiz and tarsi black; second abdominal segment
‘smooth and shining. . manitus Cam.
Wings black beyond the basal vein, ah a Broad yellow band of equal
width below the stigma and a large oval yellow spot between this and
apex; head black ; ; F minerva sp. NOV.
Wings with the markings more ait and of different pattern . 27.
Central convex area of first abdominal segment about twice as wide as the
lateral smooth flat stripe; hind tibie and tarsi black . diana sp. nov.
Central convex area of first abdominal segment about four times as wide
as the lateral oe which is not flat nor smooth; legs concolorous with
body . : : . 28.
Transverse median nervure areratitralt a vier slender species.
minyas 8p. NOY.
Transverse median nervure distinctly postfurcal, a more robust species
uris sp. NOV.
Abdomen black beyond the third segment; ovipositor longer than the body 30.
Abdomen black beyond the fourth segment; ovipositor much shorter than
the body : 31.
Base of wing yellow fe near the tyanacotse aetan: vein. elnaiaenes Cam.
Base of wing yellow only half way to the transverse median vein.
bicolor Brullé.
Ovipositor half as long as the body . : . aanthostomus Cam.
Ovipositor one-fourth as long as the body . : . litura Brullé.
Raised median area at base of second segment longer than wide, drawn
into a long ee apex; wings with complete pale band below the
stigma . . (= levissimus Cam.) rubsginator Thumb.
Raised median area as Boron as long, not drawn out into a point behind;
wings without complete pale band . ; : bellona sp. nov.
Fifth segment of abdomen sculptured, usually striate : 3 34.
Fifth segment smooth and shining, without sculpture ‘ ; 39.
Abdomen entirely black . (= pretoriaénsis Cam.) durbanensis Cam.
Abdomen almost entirely red, with a black discal spot on the second
segment. (= basimacula Cam.) natalensis Szép.
Ovipositor atone the liveth of the body or very much shorter . 36.
Ovipositor much longer than the body; second to fourth abdominal seg-
ments striated for their entire length at least medially . : 40.
40
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Ovipositor longer than the abdomen . 37.
Ovipositor not half the length of the abdoment pall species, engi 7mm.
mediator Cam.
Third and fourth segments of abdomen striate Faw | : 38.
Third and fourth segments of abdomen smooth : : : 39.
Propodeum red, abdomen streaked with red medially; area on second
abdominal segment clearly separated . 3 : rubrilineatus Cam.
Propodeum black; abdomen not streaked with red; area on second segment
not clearly separated . ° . varicollis Cam.
Apical transverse furrows of third anil foot ahdominal segments crenu-
lated. : 5 ; longicoxis Cam.
Apical transverse famows a third and Path segments smooth.
meridionalis Cam.
Fifth abdominal segment with a basal and an apical transverse groove 41.
Fifth segment without apical and with a very weak basal groove; area on
second segment triangular, bordered by oblique, divergent striz
haviland: Cam.
Wings dark fuscous; ovipositor as long as the body; moderately large
species, 13 mm. : ; . hairticeps Cam.
Wings with a yellowish mana elon, the sign, ovipositor much longer
than the body; very large species, 23 mm. . . juno sp. nov.
Only the basal two segments of abdomen peulprored these striate; third
segment smooth, except for the suturiform articulation; body black, spot-
ted with red. . (= coceineomaculatus Cam.) plurvmacula Brullé.
At least the basal three segments of abdomen strongly sculptured; red
species marked with black. 43.
Abdomen wider at the apex of the third perment nen fy the are of the
second . : Aa
Abdomen wider at the page of the becond eeement fen at the apex of
the third ‘ : ; lucina sp. nov.
Abdomen with coamiis four and a Teor and polished, without trace
of sculpture, rarely with a faint sculpture at the middle of the disc. 45.
Abdomen with segments four and five, or at least segment four entirely
without any smooth and polished surface . : : : 51.
Tegule red, concolorous with body . : : 2 : 46.
Tegule black . : : teqgularis Szép.
Median raised part of first abdominal eement striate ; : 47.
Median lobe of first segment smooth, without striz uphigenia sp. nov.
Face coarsely rugose at the sides. : . vesta sp. nov.
Face nearly smooth, punctured very finely at sone, more ere below
on the sides. 6 48.
Abdomen at base, with ho pcalntere fone loneiucie more or less
regular strie . { : : : ‘ 49.
Abdomen finely rugose- Prrnciare ; 5 : signatus Brullé.
Third segment of abdomen rugose . : lanceolatus Szep.
Third segment on basal portion distinctly Feviate : : 50.
Apical transverse furrow on segments four and five strongly foveate or
crenulate : . : : : : spilonotus Cam.
51.
52.
53.
54.
50.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 4A
Apical transverse furrow on segment four and five smooth or with a few
faint foves F : varitinctus Car.
Fifth segment with ig BOsteHiOn Auplee aretinetle produced, forming an
acute angle, with the corner rounded; fifth segment in female smooth and
polished .at the sides between the basal and apical transverse furrows, in
male uniformly rugulose : ! pandora sp. noy.
Fifth segment with its posterior ancles not pr aticed but forming a right
or obtuse angle with the corner rounded; fifth segment very rarely nearly
smooth at the sides”. : 52.
Fourth and fifth segments both sia sealeranedt dont rugose or
rugose punctate except on the transverse grooves and sometimes at the
Sid eSuma: : 53.
Fourth and fifth Roements not eiee Aealnturede the aealneare more sparse, or
else that on the disc of the fifth much more sparse than that on the fourth 55.
Ovipositor slightly longer than the body; length of body 20 mm.
ruber Bingham
Ovipositor much shorter than the body; smaller species, length 6—8 mm.
decorus Cam.
Lateral raised areas at the base of the second abdominal segment trian-
gular, separated by a V-shaped depression, broader behind, but not forming
a large oval shallow impression : . whiter Cam.
Second segment with a large oval, rather shallow Gapression behind each
of the lateral basal raised areas : 55.
Raised area at basal lateral angle of second Tegmiont suet: ootiaacitin: as
usual. 6 : 56.
Raised area at basal Tnteral Cave ee eco een rouEne sculptured
like the rest of the eo hypopygium large, extruded, the ovipositor
directed upwards : : . thisbe sp. nov.
Posterior transverse groove on fourth and fifth segments very deeply im-
pressed, the aa margin of these segments far below the level of the
disci@ur Sp eenesuse Bre?
Posterior pemeyere groove on foun and fifth perments only slightly
impressed, the posterior margin of the segments but slightly depressed
dodsi Cam.
Stigma always pale, at least in part. : : 3 : . 58.
Stigma entirely black . : : 66.
Abdomen with the fifth segment agalhaenies, at eet at the base . 59.
Fifth segment entirely smooth and shining . 65.
Posterior tarsi black, annulate with white at the bake of the aint small
species (6 mm.) with short ovipositor : : annulitarsis Cam.
Tarsi not annulate; usually larger species . 60.
Sixth abdominal segment more strongly striated Shem the fifth Pi Cam.
Sixth ete smooth, or at least much more finely sculptured than the
fifth : 61.
Face rugose, at Teasth on the pices Belo ine antennas eitvont any small
punctures; or abdomen linear. : 63.
Face smooth, with minute scattered moncunres or doriy minutely punc-
tate; radial cell shorter than usual . 5 : : : 62.
42, Annals of the South African Museum.
62. Face closely, minutely punctate; wings pale fuscous. . resolutus Cam.
Face smooth, with minute, scattered punctures; wings blackish, with irre-
gular paler markings between base and apex : latwentris Cam.
63. Second segment of abdomen with a median area or one clearly defined by
differences in the direction of the striz : 3 64.
No trace of a median area on second segment ahademnuntite sp. nov.
64. Median area smooth; fifth segment distinctly striate at base clanes Cam.
Median area striated; fifth segment with very fine rugose-acicular sculp-
ture at base. ; bicostatus Szép.
Second abdominal Renner twice as Broa as aeloney cf. excisus Szép.
65. Fore and hind wings uniformly blackish except for a small pale area
below the stigma and sometimes a small spot on the hind wing . 67.
Fore wings with a large pale area near base, a band below stigma and
spot nearer apex; hind pair with three large pale spots 12. fasciatus Cam. ~
66. Vermilion red, with black markings; first abdominal segment with a
median keel : : soleae Cam.
Dull yellow, with black riarieeee Pret abdominal seen without median
keel = : : nigridorsis Kriech.
Black, with red manlenes: aiderside of ion yellowish white
leucogaster Cam.
67. Ovipositor shorter than the body. : ; appelatrie Cam.
Ovipositor much longer than the body
(cf. I. montetroae Cam. g) capensis Cam.
IPHIAULAX PHOSPHOR, sp. nov.
oO Length 8 mm. Head, thorax and first abdominal segment rufo-
ferruginous, also the basal area of the second segment and the legs,
except hind tibiae and tarsi; antennae, and the remainder of the
abdomen and hind legs, black. Wings variegated; pale yellow from
base to nervulus, blackish beyond, except for a complete hyaline
cross band below the basal half of the stigma, a hyaline cloud about
the second transverse cubitus and a hyaline spot just above in the
radial cell; basal half of stigma fulvous, remainder black; veins
ferruginous in the pale areas, black elsewhere; hind wing yellowish
on the basal two-fifths. Head scarcely wider than thick; frontal
excavation deeper on each side above the antenna. Malar space
only one-sixth the eye height, with a rather indistinct furrow; face
irregularly rugose. Antennae as long as the body; scape simple,
scarcely twice as long as thick; first flagellar joint distinctly longer
than the second which is about twice as long as thick; ocelli in a
small equilateral triangle, three times as far from the eye as from
one another. Parapsidal furrows impressed anteriorly, the middle
lobe raised. Abdomen lanceolate, one-third wider than the thorax
and about five times as long as broad; first segment less than twice
as wide at apex as at base, sides straight; median lobe broad, con-
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera, 48
vex, faintly shagreened; lateral grooves not distinctly cross-ridged ;
lateral carinae very close to the margin; second segment widened
behind, somewhat shorter than broad; median area small, convex,
subtriangular, with the apex drawn out into a carina that extends
nearly to apex of segment; the whole bordered by a broad lateral
groove that has several cross carinae anteriorly next to the median
area; outside the groove is a flat, smooth longitudinal band, its
outer edge sharply depressed into a large lateral impression; this
impression is very narrow anteriorly, but one-third the width of the
segment behind, deepest at the middle and cross ridged next to its
inner edge; third segment smooth, except for several coarse longi-
tudinal striae medially at base, and a series of irregular foveae that
separate the large anterior corners; of nearly equal width, one-third
broader than long; suturiform articulation smooth, but the three
following coarsely cross-striated; fourth and fifth segments with a
trace of a median striated area at base, elsewhere smooth, except
for coarse striae in the depressions that separate the anterior cor-
ners. Legs clothed with long hairs, especially dense on the tibiae
and tarsi. Cubital vein bent at base; radius issuing before the middle
of stigma; radial vein extending almost to wing-tip, third section as
long as the second; transverse cubiti of equal length, each not quite
half as long as the second section of radius; stalk of second cubital
cell short, but distinct; nervulus barely postfurcal.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones) April, 1916.
IPHIAULAX MINYAS, Sp. nov.
QO. Length 413 mm.; ovipositor slightly longer than the body.
Rufoferruginous; head lighter; abdomen darker, and blackened from
the middle of the third segment, both above and below; antennae
black. Wings variegated; ground color yellowish, lighter apically,
spotted with brownblack as follows: three coalescent spots forming
a band, at the parastigma, below at the base of the cubital cell and
below in the center of the discoidal; also one in the radial cell below
apical part of stigma and a small weak one below in the cubital
cell; apex of wing beyond cubital cell with an infuscated band;
stigma and most of venation fulvous; hind wing blackened apically
and below. Head a little broader than thick, the temples but little
narrowed; occipital margin nearly straight; frontal excavation not
distinctly divided by a median elevation; ocelli in an equilateral
triangle, twice as far from the eye as from one another; face finely
sculptured, shining; malar space one-third the eye-height, with a faint
trace of a furrow; antennae longer than the body, very slender
44 Annals of the South African Museum.
apically; scape simple, swollen, twice as long as thick; first flagellar
Joint one-half longer than the second, slightly more than twice as
long as thick; joints near middle strongly transverse, nearly quadrate
toward apex. Prothorax entirely smooth; middle lobe of mesonotum
elevated, very broad anteriorly; parapsidal furrows complete. Ab-
domen closely, coarsely longitudinally striated to the tip of the fourth
segment, more irregularly so on the third and fourth segments, each
of which bears a smooth area laterally at the base; suturiform arti-
culation broad, deep striated like the nearby surface, narrowed late-
rally and with more widely separated striae; first segment nearly
twice as wide as long, its median space very large, convex, bordered
at the sides by a foveate line that is almost at the lateral edge of
the segment. Second segment without median area, at each anterior
angle with a transverse smooth space from the inner end of which
extends a groove leading into a deep lateral basin; segment widened
behind where it is one-half broader than long. Third segment with
the anterior corners sub-triangular, the grooves leading to the cres-
centic lateral basins originating near the median line; posterior edge
forming a rather broad smooth rim, fourth segment with a well
impressed, coarsely striated transverse groove at base, wide medially,
narrowed and becoming smooth laterally; anterior corners with the
smooth area like that on the third segment; apex with a_foveate
groove preceeding the smooth elevated marginal rim which, like the
one on the third segment is much wider at the extreme sides; fifth
segment smooth except for a crossstriated groove extending halfway
across the base, its apical rim nearly obsolete. Sheaths of ovipositor
and the legs with very short hairs. Radial vein ending much before
wing-tip, its third section slightly bisimuate and as long as the other
two combined; cubitus straight at base; first transverse cubitus very
oblique, parallel with the recurrent nervure, the second cubital cell
much narrowed above and distinctly wider apically its stalk one-third
as long as the recurrent nervure; second transverse cubitus two-thirds
as long as the second section of radius; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), May 1916.
IPHIAULAX PROSERPINA, Sp. NOv.
Q. Length 12 mm.; ovipositor 7 mm. Luteous; the abdomen
beyond the first segment, the antennae entirely and the hind legs
beyond the trochanters, black; tips of middle tarsi fuscous. Wings
black with the base yellow to two-fifths the distance to the nervulus;
basal half of stigma fulvous, below it an oblique clear streak in the
first cubital cell, a clear spot just outside the upper end of the re-
Oh. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 45
current nervure and a clear line along the second transverse cubitus;
base of hind wing yellow for a distance equalling the yellow of the
fore wing. Head slightly wider than thick, temples rounded, occiput
strongly concave; frontal basin divided by a weak median line below
the ocelli; face coarsely punctate laterally, rugose-reticulate in the
middle; malar space one-fourth the eye-height, with an indistinct
furrow. Antennal scape broadened apically, simple at tip, twice as
long as broad; first flagellar joint half longer than the second, twice
as long as thick; joints near middle of flagellum strongly transverse.
Ocelli in an equilateral triangle, three times as far from the eye as
from one another. Mesonotum convex in front, but very indistinctly
trilobed, the parapsidal furrows scarcely impressed; malar lobe behind
and disc of scutellum unusually flat. First abdominal segment one-
half longer than wide, the median raised area coarsely irregularly
longitudinally striate and bordered by a smooth flat lateral band
that extends to the edge of the segment although viewed in_ profile
it is seen to be above the true lateral edge and separated from it
by a deep, rather broad groove. Second segment very irregularly,
coarsely striate-reticulate, the striae regular only at the basal middle
which is raised but not in the form of a discrete area; behind this
is a large shallow impression reaching nearly to the apex and divided
by a median carina; anteriorly at each side of the middle with a
smaller oval shallow impression and from the anterior angle to
near the posterior edge with a broad impressed groove that slopes
slightly toward the median line; in front between this and the oval
impression is a smooth space; second segment one half wider than
long. Suturiform articulation broad and deep, strongly striate as
are also the two following ones. Third, fourth and fifth segments
coarsely, rather regularly, longitudinally striate, their hind margins
smooth, but not reflexed; their anterior corners separated as large
transverse, triangular, smooth tubercles; sixth segment smooth. Legs
and sheaths of ovipositor rather densely clothed with short hairs.
Radial vein attaining the wing tip, its third section as long as the
other two combined; cubitus bent at base; second cubital cell barely
widened apically, its upper edge not quite twice as long as the
second transverse cubitus; stalk of second cubital cell very short;
nervulus interstitial.
Type from Barberton, Transvaal (H. Edwards). November 419114;
Salisbury and Umtali, Rhodesia.
IPHIAULAX HESPER, Sp. nov.
o. Length 10 mm. Dark rufo-ferruginous, the legs lighter and
46 Annals of the South African Museum.
the dorsal surface of the propodeum and abdomen, especially the tip
of the latter, blackened; antennae black. Wings variegated; basal
part yellowish hyaline as far as the basal vein; apical part beyond
the second transverse cubitus and bend of nervellus infuscated;
marked with blackish between as follows: an incomplete band occu-
pying basal corner of first cubital cell most of first discoidal and
upper part of lower discoidal cell, and a round area at base of radial
cell; stigma fulvous, except at tip; wing veins mostly fulvous. Head
nearly one-half broader than thick, obliquely narrowed behind the
eyes, with the occipital margin broadly excavated; frontal impression
shallow, faintly divided by a median carima; malar space extremely
short, with an obsolete fovea. Eyes nearly round; face smooth and ~
shining, convex on each side; but medially with a deeply impressed
line from the clypeus to the antennae. Scape of antenna much
narrowed basally, twice as long as broad, the inner edge at apex
deeply and broadly emarginate. Ocelli large, in an equilateral
triangle; separated by their own diameter. Mesonotum highly convex
in front; the parapsidal furrows broad, but not very deeply impressed ;
scutellum convex. First abdominal segment twice as long as wide
at apex, striate longitudinally on the raised portion; sides very
narrow, transversely striate or foveate ; second to fourth segment
coarsely and rather regularly longitudinally striate; fifth with more
irregular and very shallow striate sculpture. Second segment slightly
longer than broad, without basal median area, smooth lateral corners
sub-triangular, of moderate size, bounded medially by an oblique
lear impression and behind by a large, elongate oval one that
reaches nearly to the apex; suturiform articulation broad, rather
shallow, its striae continuous with those of the second and third
segments; third segment with the anterior corners small, tuberculate ;
behind these with a large deep impression, narrowed inwardly and
extending nearly to the median line; apical margin smooth, preceded
by an impressed line; fourth segment like the third except that its
basal furrow is more deeply impressed and the impression behind
the anterior angle extends sharply forward to meet the basal one
far before the median line, the apical margin smooth, preceded by
a foveate line; fifth segment with the anterior corners separated as
small tubercles, its apical edge preceded by a smooth impressed line.
Abdomen scarcely wider than the thorax. Radial cell narrow, the
radial vein falling far short of attaining the wing tip, its third
section weakly bisinuate, as long as the other two together; cubitus
straight at base; stalk of second cubital cell half as long as the
recurrent nervure, the cell very slightly widened apically, its upper
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptira. 47
side twice as long as the second transverse cubitus; nervulus slightly
prefurcal, straight, none of the veims thickened; radius arising at
the middle of the stigma. Legs clothed with glistening hairs, short
and dense on the tibiae and tarsi.
Type from Durban, Natal (W. Haygarth), April 1913.
IPHIAULAX IRIS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 14 mm.; ovipositor 143 mm. Dull rufo-ferruginous,
the first, second and third segments of abdomen irregularly blackened
near the middle; antennae and sheaths of the ovipositor black; wings
dull yellew from the base to the nervulus, black beyond, except for
a yellowish-hyaline band below the basal half of the stigma extending
entirely across the wing, and a hyaline streak along the second
transverse cubitus; hind wing dark except at the extreme base;
stigma fulvous, with the tip black. Body rather stout, the abdomen
but little longer than the head and thorax and twice as wide as the
latter. Head slightly broader than thick; temples rather full behind
the eyes, rounded; the occiput only feebly concave; frontal impres-
sion shallow, divided medially; ocelli in a small triangle, nearly three
times as far from the eye as from one another, surrounded by an
impressed line. Face shining, with a few fine punctures; clypeus
high, triangular, the face above it with a median impressed line;
malar space one-fourth the eye-height, with a broad shallow furrow.
Antennal scape short, expanded toward tip, but not noticeably pro-
jecting below at apex. Mesonotum with complete, deeply impressed
parapsidal furrows, the median lobe strongly elevated. Scutellum
highly convex. First abdominal segment but little longer than broad
at apex, with postero-lateral expansions; middle portion very broad,
not strongly convex, more or less irregularly, longitudinally aciculate ;
side pieces very narrow, transversely striate except in front. Second
segment distinctly broader than long, the lateral margin deeply
notched at the middle; surface finely and irregularly longitudinally
striated; basal median area not indicated, except that the striae
assume a triangular arrangement at this place; anterior corners
separated as large, nearly smooth, subtriangular elevations, one-third
the width of the segment; from their inner edge extends an oblique
impression that disappears before the posterior corner. Suturiform
articulation very deep, but rather narrow, closely and deeply striated ;
its posterior branches beginning near the median line and reaching
the lateral margin at the middle of the third segment, the anterior
corners of the third segment therefore very large, surface more
finely striate than that of the second segment and obsoletely so near
48 Annals of the South African Museum.
the sides; fourth segment like the third, each of them with the
posterior edge smooth, preceded by a striate, impressed line; fifth
segment smooth, except that its basal transverse impression is faintly
striated near the middle. Legs rather stout, the tibiae and tarsi
densely clothed with short fulvous pubescence. Radial cell narrow,
ending far before the wing-tip; third section of radius bisinuate, as
long as the two preceding together, the first more than half as long
as the second; second cubital cell slightly widened apically, much
narrowed above, the apex more than half as long as the upper side;
stalk of second cubital cell nearly one-half as long as the recurrent
hervure; nervulus perpendicular, quite distinctly post-furcal; stigma
unusually narrow.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1944.
This species is much like J. minos sp. nov. both structurally and
in color, although the pale areas are much less extensive on the
apical part of the wings. The nervulus is, however, inserted distinctly
beyond the basal vein and the bifurcation of the basal transverse
impressed line of the third segment is close to the median line, not
near the side as in J. mznos.
IPHIAULAX AURORA, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 14 mm.; ovipositor 8 mm. Bright rufo-ferruginous,
the antenne, hind legs beyond the knees and sheaths of ovipositor
black; wings fulvous yellow, paler apically, with a blackish band
around apex extending from the apical third of the radial cell to a
point on the hind margin below the middle of the second cubital
cell; the band is pomted at the beginning and truncate at the end,
about as broad as the second cubital cell; wing also with the following
black spots; one below the parastigma extending into the upper
angle of the first discoidal cell, a rounded one at the bottom of the
lower discoidal cell, a rounded one in the radial cell just below the
apex of stigma and another below that in the middle of the second
cubital cell; entire stigma and venation fulvous. Head large, slightly
wider than thick, the temples large, broadly rounded; occipital line
slightly concave; frontal impression very shallow, not divided. Face
flat medially, with a groove above between the bases of the antenne ;
shagreened, with a few irregular fovew and reticulations. Malar
space only one-fifth the eye-height, with a weak furrow. Scape of
antenna stout, but little narrowed at the base, twice as long as thick,
simple at tip; flagellar jomts longer than usual, the first more than
twice as long as thick; the second twice, and the jomts near the
middle scarcely transverse. Mesonotum weakly convex, not trilobed,
_Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 49
the parapsidal furrows very weakly impressed and extremely narrow.
Scutellum weakly convex. First abdominal segment as long as wide
at apex, its median space somewhat irregularly longitudinally stria-
ted, not very strongly convex, much narrowed in front; the lateral
flat space narrowed behind where it bears some faintly raised strie,
its mner edge defined by a finely punctate line; second segment
somewhat shorter than its width at apex, irregularly longitudinally
striated, as are also the third and fourth; without trace of a basal
median area, anterior corners each with a small raised triangular
smooth space, behind which is a shallow oval impression; suturiform
articulation broad, deep and striated medially, bifurcated into two
punctate lines laterally, enclosing the large triangular, weakly eleva-
ted smooth areas at the anterior angles of the third segment; the
latter three times as wide as long, the apical margin narrowly
smooth, preceded by a wider striate impressed groove; fourth seg-
ment narrower than the third, similarly sculptured; fifth similar,
but the sculpture slightly weaker, especially at the sides. Radial
vein almost attaining the tip of wing, its third section straight,
hardly as long as the second; cubitus angularly bent near the base;
second cubital cell twice as long above as wide at apex, its stalk
very short; nervulus interstitial.
Male. Slightly smaller but like the female, except that the spot
in the lower discoidal cell is weaker and the one in the second
cubital very faint. The hind wing in both sexes has the apical fourth
and the posterior margin, except at base, infuscated.
Type Q from Barberton, Transvaal (H. Edwards), November 1911.
Paratype o' from Barberton, the same date. The species is evidently
similar to I. tigrinus Szép., from Kilimandjaro, but appears to be
distinct.
IPHIAULAX DIANA, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 9 mm., ovipositor 8 mm. Fulvo-ferruginous, the ab-
domen darker, rufo-ferruginous; antenne, sheaths of ovipositor and
hind legs beyond the knees, black; wings fulvous, marked with brown
black as follows; a quadrate spot, including the extreme tip of basal,
extreme base of first cubital and upper third of first discoidal cells;
a trapezoidal spot in the lower discoidal cell separated from its
margins except below; two large confluent spots, one below apex of
stigma and the other below in the second cubital cell, and an apical
marginal band from the apical third of radial cell to posterior margin
where it almost meets the dark area in the second cubital cell; hind
wing with a spot at base of cubital area and the apical fourth,
4.
50 Annals of the South African Museum.
extending along hind margin as a line nearly to base, blackish;
costa and entire stigma fulvous. Head one fourth wider than thick,
the temples full, narrowed sharply at the hind corners; occipital
line deeply excavated medially; frontal excavation moderately deep,
not divided medially; face coarsely shagreened, with a few irregular
wrinkles; impression between bases of antennz not extending to face
below; malar space one-fifth the eye-height, with a foveate impres-
sion. Antennal scape emarginate on apical margin, not much ex-
panded toward tip, twice as long as thick; first flagellar joint one-
third longer than the second which is twice as long as thick; joints
near middle of flagellum shghtly longer than thick. Mesonotum
faintly lobed in front where it is raised, but the parapsidal furrows_
are shallow and linear; scutellum moderately convex. Abdomen
elongate-oval, one-half wider than the thorax; first segment but
little longer than wide at apex, its median portion not very strongly
raised, with coarse, widely separated strive; sides flat, shining, not
narrowed posteriorly and attaining the lateral margin, defined in-
wardly by a finely punctate line. Second segment one half wider
at apex than long, without distinct basal median area, although there
is a slight triangular elevation, with the anterior portion smooth; its
surface and that of the third and fourth rather coarsely longitudi-
nally striatereticulate; lateral tubercles small, triangular, well removed
from the corners of the segment; behind each are two impressions,
a small one inwardly and a large one externally which extends back
well toward the posterior margin; suturiform articulation deep, but
not very wide striate, the lateral bifurcation but little narrower.
Third segment nearly three times as wide as long at the sides;
anterior corners large; posterior rim smooth, preceded by a weak
groove; fourth segment similar to the third; fifth and following
entirely smooth and shining, the fifth a distinct apical rim at the
middle. Legs slender, with conspicuous glistening hairs. Radial
vein attaining the wing-tip, third section scarcely longer than the
second; cubitus angulate at base; upper side of second cubital cell
twice as long as the apex, indistinctly widened toward apex, the
stalk short; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, January 20, 1915.
IPHIAULAX MINERVA, Sp. NOV.
Q. Length 146 mm., ovipositor 13mm. Thorax, abdomen and most of
the legs bright rufo-ferruginous; head, except mouth and palpi, antennae,
hind tibiae and tarsi, and sheaths of ovipositor, black. Wings bright
Ch. T. Brues,.Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 51
fulvous, ornamented with black as follows: an elongate spot beyond
the middle of the anal cell; a complete transverse band before the
stigma, occupying all but the tips of the upper and lower discoidal
cells; apex of wing beyond first section of radius, except for a large
yellow spot that forms a broad incomplete band in the lower middle
of the radial cell, apical third of sccond and basal third of third
cubital cells, and extends halfway across the discoidal area below;
stigma fulvous, black at tip; hind wing black apically and behind,
this black extended forward as a rounded lobe at the basal third
and middle of the wing. Head transverse, nearly twice as wide as
thick; frontal excavation deep, with a median groove extending from
between the antennae to the median ocellus; temples long, obliquely
narrowed; occiput deeply concave; face shining, with scattered,
minute punctures; malar space one-third the eye-height. Antenne
stout, tapering; scape flattened, much widened apically, punctate on
upper side; first flagellar joint one-half longer than thick, second
quadrate, all beyond short, transverse. Ocelli very close together,
their tubercle bounded at the sides and above, except at the median
line, by a grooved line. Mesonotum very convex, parapsidal furrows
obsolete; scutellum sub-triangular, weakly convex. Abdomen broad,
elongate oval; first segment with the median. lobe strongly raised
behind, almost smooth anteriorly, coarsely striate behind and with a
median groove; sides narrow, wider behind, limited exteriorly by a
carinate edge. Second segment closely longitudinally striate, longi-
tudinally convex anteriorly at the middle, but without trace of basal
median area, lateral tubercles small, each with an elongate impres-
sion behind it and a less pronounced oblique one extending inwards
to the anterior margin; suturiform articulation broad, closely striate,
narrowed laterally. Third segment a little more finely striate than
the second; lateral tubercles large. transverse, smooth, the groove
behind them broad and not extending forward inwardly; posterior
rim convex, shining; fourth segment with a striate basal impression,
extending also behind the lateral smooth areas, finely striate-aciculate
medially, but smooth at the sides; posterior rim preceded by a striate
groove; fifth segment smooth except for a few striz and punctures
medially at base; anterior and posterior edges like those of the
fourth, including the lateral tubercles. Sheaths of ovipositor stout,
with very short hairs. Legs stout, fore and middle tibiz and tarsi
with short fulvous pubescence, that on hind tibie and tarsi black.
Radial vein ending considerably before the wing tip; third section
straight, no longer than the second, the radial cell unusually narrow,
second cubital cell much widened apically, its stalk half as long as
52 Annals of the South African Museum.
the recurrent nervure; cubitus straight at base, nervulus oblique
above, slightly, but quite distinctly post-furcal.
Type from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, August 8, 1917.
This species is similar to Iphiaulax (Goniobracon) transitus Szépli-
geti, but differs in the black head and presence of two yellow wing-
bands. The head is much more strongly transverse than is usual.
IPHIAULAX BELLONA, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 10-11 mm.; ovipositor half as long as the abdomen.
Black; the abdomen dark rufous, the extreme tip black and the base
more or less blackened in spots; a spot on each cheek below, orbital
streak on head above and most of the propleurze luteous; second.
trochanter of hind leg red below; wings black, spot at base of stigma
yellow; spot outside the stalk to the second cubital cell and a streak.
along second transverse cubital vein, hyaline. Head fully as thick
as wide, the temples bulging and broadly rounded behind; occipital
line straight; frontal excavation small, deep, with a slight groove
medially; face convex, shagreened and finely wrinkled; malar space
one-third as long as the eye, with a groove. Antenne very long
and slender; scape short, expanded apically, deeply emarginate on
the sides so that the lower apical edge projects as a distinct process;
first flagellar joint twice as long as thick; second slightly shorter,
those near the middle of flagellum strongly transverse; ocelli in a
low triangle, the paired ones a little closer to one another than to
the eye. Thorax long and slender the mesonotum highly convex
anteriorly; parapsidal furrows weakly indicated as broad, shallow
impressions. Abdomen smooth and shining throughout, without striae
or punctures; first segment one half longer than broad at apex, the
median portion much narrowed anteriorly, strongly convex and with
a smooth median ridge; sides narrow, forming two broad grooves
which extend backwards on to the second segment where they curve
inwards and meet before the apex, thus limiting a large subtrian-
gular median area at the base of the second segment; second seg-
ment much widened behind, three times as broad as long; on each
side with a crescentic groove, extending inwards from the anterior
angle and curving toward the posterior margin to turn again out-
ward and forward; suturiform articulation narrow, smooth; anterior
corners of third and fourth segments large, separated by short obli-
que grooves; these segments with strong transverse basal grooves,
but with no distinct posterior rims. Legs short, the hind pair stout,
with the femora noticeably flattened. Radial vein ending a short
distance before the wing tip, its third section as long as the two
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 53
preceding together; cubitus straight at base, stalk of second cubital
cell one third as long as the recurrent nervure; first transverse
cubitus very oblique, the second more than half as long as the
second section of the radius; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Pretoria (H. K. Munro), April 22, 1917; paratype from
Durban, Natal (Marley), 1915.
In the cubical head and short legs, this species looks much like
a Doryctine. It has none of the venational characters of that group,
however.
IPHIAULAX JUNO, sp. nov.
Q. Length 21 mm., ovipositor 36 mm. Black, except the abdomen
which is entirely bright rufo-ferruginous, and a faint light streak on
the posterior orbits; wings black, with the basal two-thirds of the
stigma fulvous; below the basal edge of the stigma is a paler area
extending across the first cubital cell and below the stalk of the
second cubital cell is a small hyaline spot; hind wings without pale
markings. Head as thick as broad, the temples long, but narrowed
from the eye to the sharply rounded hind angles; occipital line
strongly concave; frontal impression deep, with a broad median
groove below; between each antenna and the eye is a broad orbital
channel that extends nearly to the ocelli; face subopaque and sha-
ereened, except for a median shining area just above the clypeus;
antennal tubercles strongly developed; malar space one-third the
eye-height, with a large foveate impression. Antennal scape weakly
produced below at apex; first flagellar jomt one-half longer than
thick and scarcely longer than the second; joints toward the middle
of the flagellum only half as long as thick. Thorax long and slender,
the mesonotum not strongly elevated anteriorly; parapsidal furrows
distinct and rather deep; scutellum nearly flat at base. Abdomen
lanceolate, not much broader than the thorax, considerably longer
than the rest of the body; first segment not distinctly widened
behind, almost twice as long as broad; its median portion strongly
elevated deeply striate near apex, smooth basally except for some
fine striae near the median line; sides very narrow, deeply grooved
and limited externally by a carina. Second segment broadened behind
where it is almost as wide as long; striate down the middle except
at extreme base; sides not sculptured, median basal area not distinctly
defined although the surface is raised medially on the anterior half:
anterior corners very small, triangular, bounded inwardly and behind
by a small deep rounded impresssion; the sides of the segment with
an elongate deep impression that is very much broadened behind.
54 Annals of the South African Museum.
Suturiform articulation deeply striated, narrowed laterally; anterior
corners of third segment very large, triangular, half as long as the
seoment laterally and nearly meeting one another in front, the
oblique groove behind them striated as is also a median stripe and
a band preceding the smooth posterior margin, fourth segment like
the third except that the disc is shallowly reticulate with a median
carina and the basal striae do not extend in front of the lateral
anterior areas; fifth segment with lateral areas, smooth, except for
a broad, closely striated basal band and a narrower, apical one
which bears widely separated cross-striae. Legs rather long and
stout. Radial cell narrow, especially toward apex, ending much before
the wing tip; third section of radius not sinuate, as long as the |
other two combined; cubitus straight at base; second cubital cell
noticeably widened apically, its apex two-thirds as long as its upper
side, its stalk nearly half as long as the recurrent nervure; nervulus
slightly, but distinctly post-furcal.
Type from Warm Baths, Transvaal April 21, 1918.
Although very different in structure, this fine large species resem-
bles I. havilandi. It may be distinguished from I. hirticeps by the
longer ovipositor and much larger size.
IPHIAULAX LUCINA, Sp. nov.
O. Length 12 mm.; ovipositor 4mm. Rufous; antennae, occiput,
middle of front and of vertex black; sheaths of ovipositor piceous;
wings dark, but not black; the costa, except parastigma, and the
stigma, except extreme tip, yellow; first cubital cell with a pale spot
above, a hyaline spot below the base of the second cubital cell and
a yellowish spot below the bend of the nervellus. Head considerably
wider than thick; face strongly retreating below; temples obliquely
and very sharply narrowed to the nearly straight occipital line where
the head is very much narrower than just behind the eyes. Frontal
impression shallow, extending almost to the eyes, with a median
erooved line; face shining, with a few microscopic punctures; malar
space nearly half as long as the eye, with a distinct furrow. Antennae
very long and slender; scape short, simple at tip; first flagellar joint
one-third longer than wide; second quadrate, those near middle of
flagellum twice as broad as long. Thorax slender; mesonotum strongly
convex above near center; parapsidal furrows obsolete; scutellum
strongly convex. First abdominal segment widened behind where
it is three-fourths as broad as long; its central area subtriangular
one third shorter than the segment, longitudinally striate-punctate;
side pieces smooth, flat, narrowed behind, their lateral margins cari-
~
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 5d
nate behind. Second segment slightly wider than long, but little
wider behind, its surface longitudinally rugose, distinctly striate only
medially in front and behind the oblique basal grooves; median area
absent; anterior lateral areas large, transverse, shining, the oblique
erooves behind them deep, each meeting a smooth lateral deep im-
pression that extends to the posterior third of the segment. Sutu-
riform articulation deep, striate, much widened laterally before the
bifurcation that encloses the small tubercular corners of the third
segment; the latter sculptured like the second, somewhat narrower,
half as long as wide; the posterior edge depressed, with a crenate
apical line, fourth segment like the third, but smooth laterally and
with the apical crenate lme more distinct, fourth segment aciculate
at base, sparsely irregularly punctate at center and smooth laterally,
with a strong crenate impressed line at apex. Legs long and slender.
Radial vein ending well before the wing-tip, its third section as long
as the other two; cubitus faintly bent at base, second cubital cell
narrow, parallel, without distinct stalk at base, much narrowed
above; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Que Que, Southern Rhodesia (Bultitude).
IPHIAULAX IPHIGENIA, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 9 mm.; ovipositor 3 mm. Bright rufous, the abdomen
with dark blotches above, more pronounced apically; antennae, sheaths
of ovipositor and large spot on head above, black. Wings deeply
infuscated, basal cell paler; central part of first cubital cell and base
of lower discoidal area subhyaline and a faint hyaline streak along
the second transverse cubitas, costa and entire stigma bright red.
Head distinctly wider than thick, the temples obliquely rounded
behind from the eyes; occipital line excavated rather deeply at the
middle; frontal impression broad, shallow; ocellar triangle bounded
by a clearly impressed line, the posterior ocelli half as far from one
another as from the eye margin; face smooth and shining, scarcely
convex; eyes very large, the malar space one-sixth the eye-height,
with a broad shallow impression. Scape of antenna expanded toward
tip, the lower apical margin projecting as a short, blunt tooth; first
flagellar joint not quite twice as long as thick; second one-half longer
than thick; joints toward middle of flagellum not very strongly
transverse. Mesonotum strongly elevated medially in front; parap-
sidal furrows obsolete; scutellum convex behind. First abdominal
segment expanded, no longer than wide; median elevation one-third
the width of the segment, ovate, side-pieces flat, their lateral edges
nearly parallel; outside these is a triangular smooth expansion, the
56 Annals of the South African Museum.
anterior oblique edge of which is twice as long as the posterior one.
Second and third segments longitudinally rugose-striate, the abdomen
short and broad. Second segment more than twice as broad as
long, without distinct basal area; lateral areas triangular, large,
convex; behind each is a Y-shaped impression reaching to the apex
of the segment; suturiform articulation very broad, coarsely striated,
widest laterally, more than half the length of the segment where it
meets the large rounded lateral elevations; posterior edge of third
segment with a posterior smooth rim, preceded by a crenate line,
the segment over three times as broad as long; fourth segment
smooth, except for a few irregular striae medially at base; with a
deep, narrow striate groove at base; fifth segment smooth; both the
fourth and fifth with the lateral tubercles and posterior edge like
those of the third. Legs stout, densely glistening pilose, radial
vein ending well before the wing tip, the third section nearly as
long as the first and second together; radial cell with a very short
stalk, not widened apically, the apex less than half as long as the upper
margin; cubitus distinctly bent near the base; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Junction of Crocodile and Marico rivers, Transvaal
(R. W. Tucker), February 1918.
IPHIAULAX VESTA, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 9 mm.; ovipositor 3mm. Bright rufous, the abdomen
infuscated slightly beyond the middle, especially on the sixth and
following segments; head with a large black spot above; sheaths of
ovipositor, antenne, and apical joint of all tarsi, black. Wings black,
with the costa and stigma bright red; basal cell lighter in the cen-
tral part as is also a spot in the first cubital cell below the stigma;
a small spot just below the first transverse cubitus hyaline, as is
also a very narrow streak along the second transverse cubitus; hind
wing with a pale spot in the base of the radial cell. Head slightly
wider than thick, the temples sloping, the posterior corner rather
sharply rounded; occipital line short, deeply concave; frontal exca-
vation broad, nearly reaching the eye; ocellar tubercle surrounded
by a grooved line. Face smooth in the center; coarsely rugose-
reticulate on the sides and below, but with the entire surface quite
shining; eyes quite large, but set rather high, so that the malar
space equals onethird the eye-height; it is broadly concave, but
without furrow. Antennal scape expanded apically, simple at tip;
first flagellar joint scarcely longer than the second, one-third longer
than wide; joints near middle of flagellum nearly as long as broad;
mesonotum highly convex anteriorly, without parapsidal furrows;
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 57
scutellum convex. Abdomen short and broad, fully twice as wide
as the thorax and scarcely as long as the head and thorax together ;
first segment, excluding the triangular posterior projections, one half
longer than broad at apex; median elevated portion elongate-oval,
coarsely longitudinally striated or wrinkled; side pieces flat, narrowed
behind, inner edge with an impressed line at base which widens
out into an impression apically, outer edge weakly carinate; posterior
projections forming a nearly equilateral triangle. Second segment
twice as broad as long, elevated medially in front, but without basal
area; lateral areas large, transverse, divided near the corner by an
anterior extension of the striate groove that limits them behind;
lateral impressions large and broad, deepest anteriorly; surface coar-
sely, somewhat irregularly longitudinally striate; suturiform articu-
lation deep, striate, rather narrow medially, widened laterally to the
small, weakly elevated tubercles of the third segment; weakly striate
medially, nearly smooth laterally; posterior margin with a subapical
impressed, weakly crenulate line; fourth segment weakly striate on
basal half, the basal groove deeply striate, subapical line deep, nearly
smooth; fifth segment like the fourth, but not distinctly striate and
with the posterior rim more strongly depressed; apical angles of
fourth and fifth not at all produced. Legs rather slender. Radial
vein not attaining the wing-tip, its third section not sinuous, slightly
longer than the other two combined; cubitus slightly bowed at the
base; second cubital cell not widened apically, the apex half as long
as the upper side, stalk short; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Maboki, Lydenburg, Transvaal (F. J. Kroeger), 1917.
IPHIAULAX PANDORA, Sp. nov.
Q. Length 13-14 mm.; ovipositor 5 mm. Brilliant rufous or
vermilion, marked with black as follows: broad stripe on head above,
anterior half of median lobe of mesonotum, complete stripe on each
lateral lobe, antennze, sheaths of ovipositor and tarsal claws. Wings
black, the costa and stigma and base of costa in hind wing, red;
lighter cloud in first cubital cell, hyaline spot below it and hyaline
streak along second transverse cubitus very clearly marked. Head
distinetly wider than thick; temples obliquely narrowed; occipital
line arcuately excavated; frontal impression large and deep, distinctly .
divided medially; impressed line about ocelli incomplete above; face
opaque, shagreened, with punctures of many sizes intermixed, the
latter larger on the sides below; malar space scarcely one-fourth the
eye-height, not distinctly impressed or furrowed. Antenne very long,
stout at base, but finely tapered apically; scape strongly expanded
58 Annals of the South African Museum.
apically, the outer apical margin deeply emarginate and the lower
apical edge strongly produced; first flagellar joimt not much longer
than thick; second quadrate; joints near middle of flagellum more
than twice as thick as long, the smaller ones toward apex becoming
again quadrate. Mesonotum not very strongly convex, the parapsidal
furrows distinct, anteriorly, though not deep: scutellum flat basally.
First abdominal segment, exclusive of the posterior projections, twice
as long as broad; middle portion elongate oval, highly convex, longi-
tudinally striate-reticulate; side pieces smooth, their outer edges
carinate; anterior edge of the triangular lateral projections longer
than the posterior one. Second to fifth segments rugose, the basal
impressions deeply and coarsely striate and the sides of the third to
fifth smooth; second segment twice as broad as long, without distinct
basal median area; lateral areas strongly transverse, nearly smooth;
basal oblique impression not extending behind the middle laterally
where it sends forward a deep groove that separates the anterior
corner. Suturiform articulation much broader laterally, its posterior
edge strongly sinuous, separated corners of third segment large,
smooth; its posterior edge depressed, margined by a crenulate line.
Fourth and fifth segments highly convex behind, their posterior mar-
gins very much depressed and with a coarsely crenulate marginal
line; posterior angle of fifth segment strongly produced into a blunt
thooth. Legs stout, densely pubescent. Radial vem ending not far
before the wing-tip, its last section straight, longer than the other
two together; cubital vein straight at the base; second cubital cell
slightly wider apically, its apex half as long as its upper edge, stalk
short; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, January 7, 1917: paratype from
Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1917, and a third female
from Otjituo, S. W. Africa, (R. W. Tucker), Jan. 1920. A label atta-
ched to the type indicates that the species is parasitic upon ‘‘Gono-
metra sp.” Two males from Otjituo, 8S. W. Africa (R. W. Tucker),
Jan. 1920 appear to be this species, but have the fifth segment uni-
formly regulose, as does a third male from Tsumeb, 8. W. Africa
(R. W. Tucker), Dec. 1919.
IPHIAULAX THISBE, sp. Nov.
QO. Length 9 mm., ovipositor 3 mm. Bright fulvo-ferruginous;
the antennae, ocellar tubercle and tips of the apical tarsal joints
black; abdomen irregularly blotched with blackish beyond the second
segment. Wings dark fuscous, the costa and stigma red; basal cell
and spot below stigma in first cubital cell lighter; spot below first
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 59
transverse cubitus and streak along second transverse cubitus hyaline ;
base of costa in hind wing red. Head fully as long as broad, strongly
produced at the base of the antennz; temples obliquely narrowed,
the occipital le excavated near the middle; frontal impression deep
centrally, divided on the median line; impressed line about ocelli
incomplete above; face shining, smooth centrally; with sparse, coarse
punctures on the sides below. Eyes rather small; malar space one-
third the eye-height, with an obsolete impression. Antennal scape
small, simple at apex; first flagellar joint one-half longer than wide,
considerably longer than the second; joints toward middle of flagel-
lum about as long as thick. Parapsidal furrows not indicated;
scutellum strongly convex. Abdomen short and broad, twice as wide
as the thorax. First segment, exclusive of the posterior projections
scarcely longer than wide; central portion reaching nearly to the
base, coarsely, irregularly longitudinally wrinkled; side pieces narro-
wed behind, not distinctly carinate laterally; posterior projections
with the anterior edge longer than the posterior one. Second seg-
ment slightly more than twice as wide as long; without distinct
median basal area; lateral areas transverse, smooth; remainder of
segment striated except the posterior corners; lateral discal impres-
sions large and deep.- Suturiform articulation broad and deep,
striated, broader laterally; anterior corners of third segment small,
the groove before and behind them narrow; surface rugose, with
slight indication of striae medially, posterior margin without a distinct
impressed line before the edge. Fourth and fifth segments weakly
rugose near the median line, almost smooth laterally, the anterior
corners separated; basal groove deep, striated; apical impressed line
distinct, crenulate; the extreme edge forming a smooth rim. Legs
stout; tibiae with long fulvous hair. Radial vem ending a_ short
distance before the wing-tip, the third section barely as long as the
first and second together: cubitus slightly angled near the base;
second cubital cell slightly widened apically, its apex not quite half
as long as the upper side, stalk short; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Seymour, Cape Province, (L. Péringuey) 1891.
IPHIAULAX RHADAMANTHUS, Sp. Nov.
Oo. Length 18 mm. Thorax rufous, lighter below and behind;
abdomen and legs fulvous, the hind tarsi black; head black, the
orbits below rufous and the mouth region fulvous; wings black, with
pale markings as follows; basal third of stigma fulvous; first cubital
cell, except base and apex, fulvohyaline, discoidal area, beyond the
closed discoidal cells with a similar spot of the same size which is
60 Annals of the South African Museum.
contiguous with the stigmal spot and attains the posterior margin
of the wing; apex of second and base of third cubital cell with a
quadrate fulvous spot that includes the entire second transverse
cubitus; hind wing with a large pale spot in and below the base of
the radial cell and several smaller spots near the base of the cubitus.
Head strongly transverse, nearly one half wider than thick; vertex
much narrowed behind the eyes to the occiput which is very strongly
concave; frontal excavation rather shallow, with a median impressed
line; impressed line surrounding the ocelli incomplete above, the
ocelli large, and the posterior pair not separated by more than their
own diameter although nearly twice so far from the eye. Face very
finely and sparsely punctate, shining; malar space extremely short,
without furrow or impression. Antennal scape excavated on the side
at apex, but scarcely toothed below, antennal projections very strongly
elevated, making the face very oblique in profile. Mesonotum weakly
elevated anteriorly, flat behind, the parapsidal furrows obsolete;
scutellum convex. Middle lobe of first abdominal segments and seg-
ments two to five entirely, finely, regularly, longitudinally striated.
First segment, exclusive of the very narrow posterior lateral projec-
tions, twice as long as broad at apex; median lobe reaching near to
the base, highly. convex medially; lateral portion flat, shining, nar-
row, of equal width, carinate at the margin. Second segment without
trace of median basal area or elevation, anterior corners rather small,
triangular, strongly elevated, bordered by a broad, deep, oblique
impression that extends almost to the posterior margin of the seg-
ment; the striations of the segment curving toward the anterior
corner as they cross this impression. Suturiform articulation broad
and deep, heavily striated, its lateral branches that define the corner
of the third segment unusually deep; these corners small, rounded,
strongly elevated; second segment nearly twice as broad as long,
narrower in front. Third segment three times as broad as long, its
posterior edge smooth, but not preceded by a crenate line; fourth
and fifth segments like the third, but more distinctly impressed along
the hind margin before the smooth apical band; their anterior cor-
ners as large as those of the third. Abdomen lanceolate, over twice
as broad as the thorax and one-half longer. Radial cell long and
narrow, but not attaining the wing tip which is more produced than
usual; third section of radius as long as the second; cubitus not
distinctly bent at base; second cubital cell long and parallel, its apex
two-fifths as long as its upper side, stalk very short; nervulus inter-
stitial.
Type from Eshowe, Zulu land, December 1916 (H. W. B. Marley).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 61
IPHIAULAX AETHIOPICUS, Cameron.
Merinotus striatus, Szépligeti,
One female from Kast London, Cape (Lightfoot).
IPHIAULAX LUGENS. Brullé.
One female from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1916.
IPHIAULAX XANTHOPTERUS, Cameron.
Iphiaulax trimeni, Cameron.
One specimen from Kar Kloof, Natal (Morley), December 1914.
IPHIAULAX MARTINI, Gribodo.
Iphiaulax robustus, Cameron.
One specimen from Durban, Natal (Morley), April 1915.
IPHIAULAX BICOLOR, Brullé.
Iphiaulax strenuus, Cameron.
Cameron distinguishes his J. strenuus by the presence of a distinct
area on the second segment, but this is indicated by Brullé for
bicolor, and I cannot see that the two species are separable. Two
specimens from Mfongosi, Zululand, January and May (W. E. Jones)
belong here, as well as one from Pretoria (H. K. Munro), April 19, 1920.
IPHIAULAX XANTHOSTOMUS, Cameron.
A specimen from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (Melle), 1916.
IPHIAULAX RUBIGINATOR, Thunbere.
Iphiaulax levissimus, Cameron.
Two examples, male and female from Matroesberg, Ceres Division,
Cape, 3500 ft. (R. M. Lightfoot), November 1917.
IPHIAULAX DURBANENSIS, Cameron.
Iphiaulax pretoriaénsis, Cameron.
A female from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), November 1917.
IPHIAULAX NATALIENSIS, Szépligeti.
Iphiaulax basimacula, Cameron.
Specimens of both sexes from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (Dodds)
and Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1917; two males from
Nuragas, 8S. W. Africa, (R. W. Tuckcr), Jan. 1920, and another
from Otjituo, 8S. W. Africa, (R. W. Tucker), Jan. 1920.
62 Annals of the South African Museum.
IPHIAULAX HAVILANDI, Cameron.
Numerous specimen, from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones) belong
to this species. It is evidently similar to the variable I. (Lyobracon)
tesmanni of Szépligeti, but with the basal median area of the second
segment not smooth. J. rosa Cameron cannot be more than a variety.
The species varies much in size and color.
IPHIAULAX LONGICOXIS, Cameron.
A female from Windhuk, 8S. W. Africa (R. W. Tucker), Dec. 1919
agrees perfectly with Cameron’s description.
IPHIAULAX PLURIMACULATA, Brullé.
Two specimens (o7, Q) without definite locality.
IPHIAULAX TEGULARIS, Szépligeti.
There are several females, from Port Elisabeth (Drege), Grahams-
town and Dunbrody (O’Neil). Cape.
IPHIAULAX SPILONOTUS, Cameron.
A female from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), May, 1916, two
others from Sikhoele, Basutoland, May 1919.
IPHIAULAX SIGNATUS, Brulle.
A male from Port Elizabeth, Cape Province (Drege), 1899.
IPHIAULAX VARITINCTUS, Cameron.
One female from Ceres, Cape Province (R. M. Lightfoot), 4913.
IPHIAULAX RUBER, Bingham.
This large species is evidently distinct. The stigma is paler than
in most of the related forms which are much smaller, and with the
ovipositor shorter. I have not seen any specimens that could possibly
belong to this species.
IPHIAULAX DECORUS, Cameron.
Four females from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), February
to May.
IPHIAULAX WHITEI, Cameron.
One example from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1916,
9
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 65
IPHIAULAX DODSI, Cameron.
A male and a female from Inhambane, Mozambique (K. H. Barnard),
December 1912, and Kast London, Cape Province (R. M. Lightfoot),
July 1914.
IPHIAULAX LATIVENTRIS. Cameron.
In general structure, this species is very similar to several of those
included in the group with red stigma. The fourth and fifth seg-
ments lack the smooth rim along the posterior margin, however, a
character present. in the ohterwise closely similar species. There are
two females from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1914 and
February 1917, and one from Barberton, Transvaal (H. K. Munro).
IPHIAULAX BICOSTATUS, Szépligeti.
Two males, from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), May 1917,
and Maboki, Lydenburg, Transvaal (Kroeger), 1917.
IPHIAULAX 412-FrascraTUs, Cameron.
A female from Dunbrody, Cape Province (O'Neil).
IPHIAULAX NIGRIDORSIS, Kriechbaumer.
A female from Stella Bush Durban, Natal (Marley), April 1915.
IPHIAULAX CAPENSIS, Cameron.
A female from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, September 1913.
IPHIAULAX MACULIFRONS, Ritsema.
This species described from the West Coast, near the mouth of
the Congo, I have been unable to recognize in the material at hand.
It is rather crudely illustrated in color, and falls in the group of
species with red body and stigma. Whether either is distinet from
the forms here listed, is impossible to say, without an examination
of the types.
IPHIAULAX KREBSI, Cameron.
I have not seen this species, and have been unable to include it
in the key. It was described from a male and is apparently very
close to 1. havilandi Cameron.
64 Annals of the South African Museum.
BrAcon Inctsus, Brulle.
This is evidently similar to I. spilonotus Cameron and J. pandora
n. sp., but it differs from both in the sculpture of the abdomen.
I cannot be convinced that there is as much variation in sculpture
in the species of this group as Cameron has been led to believe
(Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 48 (1906), although there is
unquestionably so much variation in the color and maculation of the
head and thorax, that these characters cannot be relied upon to
distinguish species. I suspect that it is the species I have designated
as J. incisus. Br. in section 56 of the key to species. but may be
incorrect in this interpretation.
BrAcoN coccINEus, Brulleé.
This is evidently an Iphiaulax, but I have not been able to
recognize it, although Brullé refers to it as abundant and Cameron
speaks of it as occuring in South Africa (Ann. South African Mus.,
vol. 5, pp. 49 and 52 (1905)). Brulle’s remarks may have been based
upon specimens of more than one species, but at any rate his des-
cription of the sculpture of the abdomen cannot refer to any South
African species that I have seen.
IPHIAULAX PECTORALIS, Szépligeti.
I have not seen this species, and the description is too incomplete
to enable me to insert it in the key.
IPHIAULAX (Campyloneurus) SEMILIS, Szépligeti.
From the very short diagnosis, I cannot place the species, further
than to know that it does not appear to be in the material before me.
PLAXOPSIS, Szépl.
PLAXOPSIS NITIDULA, sp. Nov.
2. Length 10 mm., ovipositor as long as the body. Entirely
rufous, except the antennze and ocellar triangle. Head above and
apices of tarsi more or less blackened. Head transverse, one-half
broader than thick, the temples broadly rounded; front impressed
above the base of the antennz, each of which is placed upon a
distinct tubercle; face below antennz with an oblique projection
which bears two closely approximated grooves which receive the
antennal scapes when they are bent downward; in lateral view the
upper surface of this projection is parallel with the longitudinal axis
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 65
of the eye; face below and at the sides of the elevation rugose reti-
culate; malar space half as long as the width of the eye, with a
distinct furrow; head above and behind smooth and polished. Antennae
slightly longer than the body, gradually tapering to apex; scape
evenly widened from base to apex, nearly three times as long as
thick at tip; third joint one-half longer than thick; fourth quadrate,
following very gradually shorter. Mesonotum scarcely trilobed, the
furrows shallow in front and not impressed behind; scutellum sub-
triangular, smooth, quite strongly convex. Propodeum smooth, po-
lished, without furrow, convex. All pleurae highly polished, propleura
with a shallow oblique impression that extends over the pronotum
as a deep impressed line; mesopleura with a furrow next to the
tegula and another extending trom the root of the hind wing toward
the coxa, which together marks off a raised space near the tegula;
metapleura separated from the propodeum by a very deep groove
that bears a prominent fovea in front of the spiracle which is
broadly ovate. Entire abdomen smooth and polished, as long as the
head and thorax; first segment as long as broad at apex, its middle
portion not very convex, lateral concave area of equal width, limited
externally by a carina, lateral triangles strongly concave. Second
segment with the basal area as broad as long, over half as long as
the segment, produced apically as a slender pomt and margined
laterally by short oblique, foveate striae; near the base with a trans-
verse impression on each side that curves back laterally to extend
nearly to the posterior corner; hind margin curved forward at the
sides, but scarcely emarginate medially; suturiform articulation very
broad, coarsely striated except at sides; anterior corners of third
segment large and broad, separated by a striate groove; fourth seg-
menth with a crenulate line at base, its lateral angles not separa-
ted; as long and distinctly wider than the second segment which is
more than twice as wide as long; fourth and following segments
gradually shorter and rapidly narrower, so that the apex of the
abdomen is acute. Legs rather stout and strongly hairy; anterior
tarsi one-half longer than their tibiae; tarsal claws simple. Wings
black; median and submedian cells each yellowish brown along the
anterior border; base of radial cell, nearly all of first cubital cell,
spot at base of parallel vein and cloud along second transverse cubi-
tus, yellowish; also a triangular hyaline spot just outside the lower
apical corner of the first cubital cell; hind wing with a yellowish
spot anteriorly at apical third; costa and edge of stigma rufous;
lower part of stigma yellow. First discoidal cell with a short petiole
above, cubitus subangulate at base; recurrent nervure entering the
5
66 Annals of the South African Museum.
first cubital cell very near its tip; second cubital cell shghtly widened
apically, the second transverse cubitus half as long as the second
section of the radius; third section of the latter scarcely as long as
the second; radial cell nearly attaining the wing tip.
Type from Stella Bush, Durban, Natal (Marley), January 1915.
This might easily be mistaken for a member of the polymorphic
genus Iphiaulax (sens. lat.) were it not for the prominent subantennal
tubercle. The form of this tubercle, the longer scape and shorter,
not carinate, first abdominal segment are quite different from Plaropsis
sjostedti Szép. from the Cameroons, and at first I regarded P. nitudula
as a Lasiophorus. From P. nitens Szép. the present species differs
in having the corners of the third abdomlnal segment distinctly
separated. Both genera are separable from Chaoilta by the absence
of a spine high up on the face next to the antennae.
CHAOILTA, Cam.
CHAOILTA AMPLIFICATA, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 20 mm., ovipositor 10 mm. Head, thorax, abdominal
petiole, spot at base of second segment and legs, except hind tibiae
and tarsi, fulvous yellow; antennae, abdomen beyond petiole and
hind legs beyond the femora black; wings bright fulvous on basal
third; black beyond, except for a triangular fulvous spot which
includes the first cubital cell and most of the stigma, and three
hyaline spots, one just below the lower apical angle of the first
cubital cell, another below the base of the parallel vein and another
surrounding the second transverse cubitus; hind wing fulvous on
basal half, less strongly so behind. Head scarcely broader than thick,
behind the eyes long and broad, then rather sharply narrowed:
ocellar triangle small, the ocelli separated by their own diameter ;
vertex excavated above the antennae, the basin with a median carina
and indistinctly margined laterally by an obtuse rim; antennal
tubercles well developed; intra-antennal spine as long as the diameter
of the flagellum, followed below by a pair of toothlike processes and
lower down by an oblique lamella that is concave above; face coar-
sely transversely striated above, nearly smooth at the sides below;
malar furrow one-third as long as the eye; head above and behind
smooth; head more strongly hairy than usual, especially on the face. —
Antennae about as long as the body; scape stout, barely twice as
long as thick, obtusely toothed at apex; first joint of flagellum nearly
twice as long as the second which is but little longer than thick;
following joimts rapidly becoming transverse, with the sutures between
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 67
them oblique. Mesonotum with weak furrows anteriorly and none
behind; middle lobe very weakly convex in front, flat behind;
scutellum with a delicate foveate line at base. Propodeum smooth,
convex, not furrowed; spiracles oval. Petiole of abdomen slightly
more than twice as long as broad at tip, which is twice as wide
as the base; median lobe gently raised, ovate-lanceolate, minutely
roughened, with a median raised line on apical half and some irre-
cular longitudinal wrinkles at tip; sides of segment narrow, flat, the
carina placed at the extreme lateral edge. Second segment one-half
wider at base than at apex, two-thirds as long as wide at tip; basal
median area rounded, convex, opaque, with some short longitudinal
striae at apex and with the tip prolonged to the tip of the segment
as a strong median carina; median portion of segment sculptured
by broken, coarse longitudinal lines, the sides smooth. concave, the
two separated by an oblique line running from the anterior angle
somewhat toward the center of the posterior margin; also a small
concave area basally at each side of the median area; hind margin
of second segment curved forward laterally and emarginate at the
extreme center; third and fourth segments of equal length, each
considerably shorter than the second and with a median carina;
basal corners of third large, triangular smooth, of fourth smaller and
more transverse; third coarsely longitudinally striated except at tip;
fourth similarly sculptured on basal half; suture at base coarsely
striated; sixth and seventh much narrowed, smooth, the entire abdomen
lanceolate, but little wider than the thorax and as long as the head
and thorax together; sheaths of ovipositor thickly hairy. Pleurae
smooth; propleura with an oblique shallow furrow that extends on
to the pronotum as a deep groove; mesopleura with two oblique
furrows above, metapleura with a fovea anterior to the spiracle.
Legs rather strongly hairy; hind tibia one-half longer than the femur ;
hind coxae compressed. Cubitus rather strongly bent at base, the
first discoidal cell with a long petiole above; recurrent nervure
entering near apex of first cubital cell; radial cell very nearly attain-
ing the wing tip; second section as long as the third and a little
more than twice as long as the second transverse cubitus; second
cubital cell faintly widened apically; nervulus interstitial.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), May 1917.
This is the first species to be described from the African region.
Structurally it is quite similar to the type, C. lameliata Cam. from
India, although differing in the form of the facial tubercles and in
the extension of the median abdominal carina on to the third and
fourth segments as well as by the longer first abdominal segment.
68 Annals of the South African Museum.
PLATYBRACON, Szépligeti.
Doryctocephalus. Cameron Arch. Math. Naturvidens. vol. 30,
No. 10, p. 20 (4909).
Cameron has described three species of Iphiaulax (platynotus, cal-
viniae and erythrostomus) that belong here. One of these, erythrostomus,
is represented by several specimens in the collection and is undoub-
tedly congeneric with several species of Platybracon in my collection.
The facial ridge is less pronounced than in some species, but this
character varies within considerable limits in forms otherwise extre-
mely similar. P. platynotus Cam. described in 1905 from a male is
surely the same as P. erythrostomus characterized a year later from
the opposite sex and the species must be known under the earlier name.
Doryctocephalus Cameron, 1909 is evidently a synonym, but the
type species, D. platynotus appears to be distinct from his Iphiaulax
platynotus, 1904. The 1909 species may, therefore, receive the name
of P. planinotus nom. nov.
SCHIZTOBRACON, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 70 (4906).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 488 (1910) (Tricvelopyge).
This genus is quite distinct by the form of the fifth segment (not
sixth as stated by Cameron). It resembles Rhytimorpha at least in
the modification of this segment, but the margin is excised, not
toothed; the radial cell is longer than in Rhytimorpha, but does not
nearly attain the wing tip and is hence shorter than in Odontogaster ;
the second cubital cell is slightly widened apically. Tricoelopyge
Roman is congeneric, but probably represents a second species.
SCHIZTOBRACON ORNATIPENNIS, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 70 (4906).
Latilobatus. Cameron Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30,
No. 10, p. 24 (4909).
A specimen is in the collection from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E.
Jones), February 1917.
The submedian cell is very slightly longer than the median, but
the genus undoubtedly falls in the Braconinde. The specimen before
me agrees exactly with the original description except that the
mesonotum is entirely black and the propleurae are black below.
It also has the middle tibiae and tarsi black as in S. latilobatus,
which is unquestionably only a slight color variety.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 69
) y .
ODONTOGASTER, Szépligeti.
p
4
Cuenoprymnus. Cameron Arch. Math. Naturvidens, vol. 30, No. 40
22 (1909).
Three species are included in the present collection, two of them
previously described, one by Cameron as the type of Caenoprymnus
which is undoubtedly a synonym. They may be separated as follows:
1. Wings uniformly fuscous : é } : 4 2.
Wings mottled, stigma in part Felton : : O. spinosus Cam.
2. Larger, 6 mm. in length; abdomen stout, apex broadly rounded
O. uniformis sp. nov.
Smaller, 4—5 mm. in length; abdomen slender, acutely rounded at apex
O. minor Szép.
ODONTOGASTER SPINOSA, Cam.
Arch. Math, Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 22 (1909)
(Caenoprymnus).
Q. Length 6-7 mm. Bright rufo-ferruginous, the antennae, ocel-
lar area and sheaths of ovipositor black. Wings fuscous, with paler,
yellowish brown markings. From the base nearly to the basal vein
pale, then with a fuscous area in the base of the first cubital and
all of the discoidal cells, just beyond with a narrow hyaline band,
beyond fuscous except for hyaline line on second transverse cubitus;
basal two-thirds of stigma yellow, veins piceous. Head shining above,
the ocelli in a small triangle, temples rather short, rounded, the
head nearly twice as broad as thick; front weakly excavated; face
finely punctate, clypeus with its upper margin indicated by a fine
raised line. Eyes of moderate size, oval; malar space half as long
as the eve, with a shallow, but distinct furrow. Antennae notice-
ably shorter than the body, many joimted, but with the joints all
short; scape simple, oval, less than twice as long as thick; three
basal joints of flagellum nearly equal, less than twice as long as
thick; joints beyond to the tapering tips of antennae, becoming qua-
drate. Mesonotum smooth, with deep parapsidal furrows, the middle
lobe protuberant; scutellum triangular, convex with a punctate line
at base; propodeum convex, smooth. Pleurae shining, smooth, mes-
onotum with a broad, deep groove below the tegulae; spiracular
groove of metapleura absent anteriorly. Abdominal petiole strongly
protuberant medially behind, the central portion rugose, bounded
laterally behind by a broad groove; spiracular carina strong, entire;
lateral groove deep, rugose. Remainder of abdomen rugose; broadly
70 Annals of the South African Museum.
oval, twice as long as wide; no longitudinal striations; second seg-
ment longer than the third, with a small triangular, nearly smooth
median area, prolonged as a line behind; laterally with a pair of
deep striate grooves that converge behind; suturiform articulation
rather narrow, but strongly crenulate; anterior corners of third seg-
ment very large, but indistinctly separated; those of fourth and fifth
respectively smaller and more distinctly separated, the sutures at
the base of these segments deep, striate; fifth segment slightly lon-
ger than the fourth, its apical margin rounded, the lateral edge more
than half as long as the median line; teeth on margin broad at
bases, rather irregular. Nervulus interstitial; radial cell nearly
reaching the wing tip; third section of radial vein as long as the
others combined, second four times as long as first and more than
twice the length of the second transverse cubitus; first discoidal cell
but little narrowed basaily, with a rather long petiole above; base
of cubitus straight; recurrent nervure received at tip of first cubital
cell; second cubital cell parallel. Ovipositor two-thirds as long as
the abdomen.
A female from Mfongosi, Zuzuland (W. E. Jones), April 1916, and
another from the same locality, May, 1917.
This species is most nearly related to O. abyssinica Szépligeti, but
is evidently quite distinct.
ODONTOGASTER MINOR, Szép.
Two specimens from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), May 1916
and April 1917.
ODONTOGASTER UNIFORMIS, Sp. nov.
QO. Length 6 mm. Bright rufo-ferruginous; antennae, spot at each
side of ocellar space, but not the space between the ocelli, and
sheaths of ovipositor black; wings uniformly dark fuscous, with an
oblique hyaline streak at the basal angle of the second cubital cell
and another along the edges of the second transverse cubital vein;
stigma and veins black. Structurally almost identical with O. spinosa
Cameron and differing only as follows: median lobe of mesonotum
more prominent; scutellum strongly convex; separated corners of
fourth and fifth abdominal segments of equal size; teeth on margin
of fifth segment very slender at bases; ovipositor half as long as the
abdomen.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1916; another
from the same locality, May 1917.
This species resembles O. minor in color, but the abdomen is
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 71
broader, with the middle space of the first segment strongly raised,
and with a basal area on the second segment. It is also very much
larger.
RHYTIMORPHA, Szépligeti.
Termes. Fiizetek, vol. 24, p. 359 (1901).
RuyYTIMORPHA CoCCINEA, Szépligeti.
Termes. Fiizetek, vol. 24, p. 359. (4901).
This species, originally described from the Congo, is represented
by a female from Jackal’s Water, Bushmanland (R. M. Lightfoot),
October 1911.
On account of the dentate apex of the abdomen and general color,
this genus resembles Odontogaster, but the radial cell is much shorter,
the head much thicker, the eyes round, the impressions on the second
abdominal segment divergent behind, the second cubital cell is widened
apically and with a long petiole at base, the corners of the third
segment are deeply separated, and the apical teeth on the abdomen
are less acute.
CURRIEA, Ashmead.
“Curriera” of Cameron, Szépligeti et al.
There are several species of this genus described from Equatorial
and South Africa and two are contained in the present collection.
The eyes of the female are very large, much as in the males of
certain Iphiaulax and related genera. The most remarkable feature of
Curriea is, however, the peculiar disposition of the veins surrounding
the brachial or lower discoidal cell, which also sometimes contains
a chitinized macula like the spots in the disco-cubital cell of the
Ichneumonid Henicuspilus. Due to the distortion of this cell the sub-
median cell is sometimes distinctly shorter than the median, and the
neuration of this area reminds one of that of the Rhogadine, Gyro-
neuron and its allies, as already noted by Baker. Just what relation
Curriea bears to Aphrastobracon and Hewittella, 1 cannot tell, as I do
not know the latter genera in nature.
CURRIEA FLAVOMACULATA, Cam.
Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 457 (1905) (Megalommum)
One female from Molopo, Bechuanaland,
72 Annals of the South African Museum.
.
CURRIEA STRIATA, Cam.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 24 (1909).
One female from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones).
BACUMA, Cameron.
Trachybracon Szép. Ann. Mus., Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 549 (1906).
Key to Species.
1. Ovipositor short, but little longer than the ee wings smoky with paler
markings : é : fumipennis Cam.
Ovipositor long, more than omer as 1 low as the body; wings black with
pale or orange markings : . 2.
2. Median basal area of second abdominal serge ojttizaly smooth; hind
legs partly black ; . maculwventris Cam.
Median area striated at Teast in ants legs entre red. rufa Cam,
BacuMA RUFA, Cameron.
Ann. Transv. Mus., vol. 2, p. 194 (4911).
A female from Umvuna, Kenya Colony, July 10, 1917 is about the
size of the type and another from Rooiberg, Waterberg Distr., Trans-
vaal, Dec. 2, 1911 measures fully 24 mm. Structurally both are
almost identical although the basal area of the second segment is
larger and more finely striate in the large specimen which also has
the abdominal sculpture forming more or less longitudinal reticula-
tions. A third female received later from Tsumeb, 8S. W. Africa.
(L. W. Tucker), Dec. 1919, agrees exactly with the Rooiberg speci-
men in size and sculpture.
This genus appears to be very much like Rhamnura Enderlein in
many particulars; it does not lack the parapsidal furrows, however.
Trachybracon appears to be identical.
CHELONOGASTRA, Ashmead.
In its typical form this genus is easily recognizable by the pecu-
har form of the abdomen and hairy eyes. It was originally based
on two Japanese species and I have another from Formosa which
appears to be structurally very similar to the type species. Three
South African species are included in the present collection but they
differ in having the eyes very sparsely hairy, nearly bare, and in
lacking a distinct median area on the second segment of the abdomen
as well as in the strongly arcuate, not straight suturiform articula-
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 73
tion. I strongly suspect, therefore, that it will be impossible to
retain Chelonogas¢ra and that it will be found to intergrade with
such genera as Iphiaulax and some of its segregates. Monocoila
Roman, I cannot distinguish from the description, and by comparison.
of East Indian and African species.
The two African forms may be distinguished as follows:
1. Malar space about half as long as the width of the rather large eye; third
abdominal segment but weakly declivous behind. F : 2.
Malar space nearly as long as the width of the smaller eye; third abdo-
minal segment declivous behind ; : rotundula sp. nov.
2. Second to fifth abdominal tergites all boaiaely rugose-reticulate
elongatula sp. nov.
Second and third tergites coarsely rugose-reticulate; fourth and fifth much
more finely sculptured . : : : . orbiculata sp. nov.
CHELONOGASTRA ROTUNDULA, Sp. Nov.
QO. Length 4—5:2 mm.; ovipositor sheaths as long as the second
abdominal segment. Bright fulvous; antennae, ocellar spot, last joint
of tarsi, and ovipositor black; wings evenly fuscous; stigma and
veins black. Head strongly transverse, fully twice as long as thick;
ocelli on a small equilateral tubercle; temples rapidly narrowed _ be-
hind the eyes; head above smooth and polished; face shining, sha-
greened; clypeal foveae very prominent. Eyes small, oval, distinctly,
but sparsely pilose; inner margins weakly emarginate above; malar
space as long as the width of the eye, with a poorly impressed
furrow; front impressed just above the antennae, with a median
impressed line extending nearly to the ocelli; scape of antennae
short, oboval, simple at apex; first flagellar joint as long as the
second, half longer than thick; antennae tapering, almost as long as
the body. Mesonotum smooth, with distinct, but not deep parapsidal
furrows; middle lobe not prominent; scutellum moderately convex,
with a punctate groove at base. Propodeum smooth, convex. Ab-
domen broad, apical portion of the third segment very convex and
strongly declivous at tip. First segment with the median part coar-
sely rugose, triangular; lateral area of equal width with a carina
along the middle; second and third segments rugose-reticulate, the
suturiform articulation strongly curved forward on the disc where
it is broad and coarsely striate, laterally it is straight and directed
obliquely forward. Second segment with a minute, not very clearly
defined basal median area which is extended back on to the third
segment as an indistinct median carina; length equal to a little more
than half the basal width; on each side of the disk with a shallow,
74 Annals of the South African Museum.
transversely striate groove extending from the anterior angle to the
posterior edge; these grooves scarcely convergent behind. Apex ot
third segment arcuately rounded, lateral corners large, directed obli-
quely forward along the sides of the second segment; fourth and
fifth segments almost as roughly sculptured as the third, the fourth
greatly raised between apex and base, the latter with a crenate line;
fifth segment deeply, triangularly incised at apex. Ovipositor, stout,
dagger-shaped, its sheaths broad, thinly hairy. Pleurae entirely
smooth, the mesopleura wilh the usual two impressions above. Legs
stout, more strongly fulvous pubescent than the remainder of the
body. Radial cell ending considerably before the wing-tip, the third
section, of radius almost as long as the other two together, first
section nearly as long as the first cubital cell; second cubital cell
long, slightly widened at the extreme tip; second transverse cubitus
less than half as long as the second section of the radius; recurrent
nervure almost interstitial; first section of cubitus straight, the first
discoidal cell with a long stalk above.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), February, 41914.
Paratype from Komati Poort, East Transvaal (R. W. Tucker),
November 1913.
CHELONOGASTRA ELONGATULA, Sp. nov.
OQ. Length 6 mm.; ovipositor sheaths as long as the second and
third segments of abdomen. Bright fulvous; antennae, ocellar spot,
last joint of tarsi, and the ovipositor with its sheaths, black; wings
light fuscous, darker at apex. Head strongly contracted behind, about
twice as broad as thick; ocellar tubercle rather large, the posterior
ocelli twice as far from the eye as from one another; head above
smooth and shining; front weakly impressed above the antennae,
with a fine median impressed line; face polished and distinctly emar-
ginate next to the antennae: malar space about half the width of
the eye, with a rather indistinct furrow. First and second flagellar
joints of equal length. Mesonotum, scutellum and propodeum smooth
and shining; parapsidal furrows shallow, but distinct and complete ;
scutellum strongly convex, with a crenate furrow at the base. Entire
upper surface of abdomen coarsely rugose-reticulate. First segment
with the median convex portion very large, triangular; side portion
with a strong carina above the margin, separated from the median
area by a series of large deep foveae; second segment almost as long
medially as wide at the base, with a minute triangular area basally,
prolonged along the median line to the tip of the segment as a
weak, indistinct carina; suturiform articulation very slightly bent
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera, 75
forward at the middle, obliquely extended forward at the sides, deli-
cately impressed and only very finely crenulated. Third segment not
very convex, although it is very suddenly contracted at the extreme
apex medially; anterior corners large, triangular, lying at the sides
of the second segment; posterior margin not evenly arcuate, more
strongly curved medially than at the sides. Constrictions between
third, fourth and fifth segments very deep, the fifth broadly, deeply
excised medially behind. Ovipositor stout, but more slender than in
the preceeding species; its sheaths thinly hairy. Pleurae smooth;
subspiracular groove on metathorax very broad. Legs not noticeably
stout, more strongly yellowish pilose than the body. Radial cell
ending considerably before the tip of wing; third section of radius
as long as the other two combined; second cubital cell long, not
perceptibly widened at apex; second section of cubitus three times
as long as the second section of the radius; cubitus straight at base
the first discoidal cell not distinctly petiolate above; recurrent nervure
almost interstitial.
Type from Cape Province.
CHELONOGASTRA ORBICULATA, Sp. NOV.
Q. Length 43 mm. Yellowish fulvous, the mesonotum and pro-
podeum ferruginous; ocellar spot, antennae, tips of last tarsal joints,
ovipositor and its sheaths black; wings evenly and rather strongly
infuscated. Head less than twice as broad as thick, sharply narrowed
behind the eyes; ocelli and front as in the preceding species. Face
shining, very delicately sculptured. Eyes large, broadly oval, not
distinctly emarginate next to the antennae; malar space short, half
as long as the width of the eye, with a distinct furrow. First and
second flagellar joints of equal length. Mesonotum, scutellum and
propodeum smooth and shining; parapsidal furrows complete, rather
strongly impressed, the median lobe of the mesonotum distinctly
raised anteriorly. Scutellum with a row of closely placed foveae at
base, convex. Basal three segments of abdomen coarsely rugose-
reticulate, the reticulations on the second widely separated; fourth
and fifth confluently punctate or shagreened. Middle portion of first
segment smooth at base; carina at the side close to the margin anteriorly,
separated from the median area by a series of foveae; second segment
at the base with a rather small, but well developed median smooth
area, prolonged behind as a barely visible carina to the end of the seg-
ment; suturiform articulation crenulate or shortly striate, feebly and
evenly bent forward medially and obliquely so at the sides; lateral
groove rather deep; anterior corners of third segment separated, rather
76 Annals cf the South African Museum.
large, rounded; those of fourth smaller, but similar and distinct;
apex of third segment evenly arcuate, not very strongly depressed ;
constrictions between segments three, four and five not so deep as
in the preceeding species; apical emargination of fifth broad and
rather shallow. Pleurae smooth; subspiracular furrow on metathorax
narrow and deep. Legs rather slender, conspicuously yellow-haired
as are also the propodeum and abdomen. Radial cell nearly attaining
the tip of the wing, third section of radius a little longer than the
other two together; first section half as long as the transverse cubitus;
second section over twice as long as the second transverse cubitus,
the second cubital cell slightly narrowed toward tip; recurrent ner-
vure nearly interstitial; first discoidal cell with a distinct petiole,
cubitus not bent at base.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), March 1917.
GASTROTHECA, Gueérin.
There are several species in-the collection, but I have been unable
to identify any of them definitely. Cameron, Enderlein and others
have described several species from South Africa and other parts of
the continent, some of which should be represented. G. furcata
Guerin is, I believe, not represented and probably does not extend
so far south.
The form of the abdomen has led to the placing of Gastrotheca
in the subfamily Cheloninae, undoubtedly an incorrect position. From
the form of the mouth, with a large semicircular clypeal opening,
immargined head and venation it should be placed in the Braconinae
in spite of its superficial resemblance to Chelonus and related genera.
The median and submedian cells are of equal length, the radial cell
is quite long, although not attaining the wing tip, the second cubital
cell is long (twice as long above as it is high) and the submedian
cell of the hind wing is very short. Aside from the abdomen, the
remainder of the body, head and antennae also show the various more
or less indefinable characters of the Braconinae. In Chelonogastra we
find in a way a transition between Gastrotheca and typical Braconines,
although of course nothing like the extreme abdominal modification
of the latter genus.
VIPIO, Latreille.
I am unable to distinguish satisfactorily the several similar species
of this genus without an examination of all the types.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 77
) y }:
VIPIO FUMIPENNIS, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 64 (1906).
A male labeled “Vipio fumipennis Cam., sec. type” is remarkable
in having the fourth abdominal segment greatly elongate, and very
nearly twice as long as the third, with the following very short.
Unfortunately the female is unknown.
ODESIA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 79 (1906).
This genus comes near Glyptomorpha and its allies, but the sub-
median cell is slightly though distinctly shorter than the median.
Otherwise it is almost entirely similar. Cameron makes no mention
of the fact that the lateral margins of the abdomen are tuberculate
or dentate; at the side of the second segment there are three such
projections, a small one near the anterior corner, one at the middle
and one before the tip; at the base of the third and fourth are
similar tubercles. In a male, probably of another species, from
Zululand, these tubercles are present, but not very noticeable. The
genus Zalyptogastra Ashmead from Siam has the abdominal segments
modified in a similar way, but in this case the submedian cell is longer
than the median.
Quite possibly Nundinella may be a synonym
ODESIA LONGICORNIS, Cameron.
ibid its c..2) 805.906):
One female from the Junction of the Crocodile and Marico Rivers,
Transvaal (R. W. Tucker), February, 1918.
SUBFAMILY EXOTHECINAE.
ARCHIBRACON, Saussure.
Pseudobracon, Szépligeti, Gen. Ins. fasc. 22, p. 49 (1904).
Schulz, Zool. Ann., vol. 4, p. 68 (1911).
ARCHIBRACON SERVILLEI, Brullé.
Bracon servillei Brullé, Hyst. Nat. Ins. Hymén, vol. 4, p. 448 (1846).
Pseudobracon africanus Szép. Gen. Ins. fasc. 22, p. 49 (1904).
Exothecus tibialis Cam. Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 156 (1905).
Exothecus canaliculatus Cam. ibid. ¢.¢c. p. 167 (1905).
78 Annals of the South African Museum.
Specimens of both sexes are in the collection from Mfongosi, Zulu-
land (W. E. Jones) and Umblali, Natal (K. H. Barnard).
ARCHIBRACON CAMERONI, nom. nov.
Exothecus flaviceps Cam. Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 73
(1906) (non Archibracon flaviceps Brullé, 1846).
One female from Eshowe, Zululand (Morley), December 1916.
MESOBRACON, Szépligeti.
MESOBRACON FENESTRATUS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 142 mm. Head and four anterior legs brownish yel-
low; thorax and base of hind legs ferruginous; abdomen rufo-piceous,
pale at extreme tip; antennae, hind tibiae and tarsi and sheaths of
ovipositor black. Wings yellow with black bands, the yellow very
deep basally and paler apically; basal black band filling the second
discoidal cell and extending in even width to the costal margin;
apical band curved, extending straight across the wing, then follo-
wing the posterior, apical and anterior margin where it is narrowed
and almost meets the base of the band beyond the stigma; hind
wing with a large curved black mark apically behind, which gives
off a projection that follows the posterior margin nearly to the base
of the wing as a very narrow stripe; stigma yellow, with black tip;
veins ferruginous basally, fuscous apically. Head very broad behind
the eyes, a little wider than thick; smooth except the face which is
finely rngulose above; frontal impression deep, more or less divided
by a raised median line; ocelli very close together; eyes rather large,
oval, the malar space one-fourth as long as the eye, with a foveate
impression. Antennal scape slightly dilated below at apex, twice as
long as thick; first jomt of flagellum longer and thicker than the
second, twice as long as thick. Mesonotum convex medially in front,
the parapsidal furrows not distinctly impressed. Scutellum with a
very narrow punctate line at the base. Propodeum smooth, slightly
convex. Abdomen elongate oval, broadest at the tip of the third
segment, as long as the head and thorax; middle of first, all of
second, third and fourth, and extreme base of fifth segment longi-
tudinally striate, the striae rather coarse on the first and second
segments but becoming much finer beyond; apical rim of segments
1, 3, 4, and 5 smooth, separated by a crenate line except on the
first segment. First segment as long as broad, much narrowed
basally; middle portion not greatly narrowed basally, sides smooth,
concave, both lateral carinae complete, separated by a smooth fur-
Ch. T, Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 79
row; no median basal area present on second segment although the
striae diverge at this point; lateral angles separated, inwardly for-
ming a smooth triangular raised area or wart; thyridial impression
broad and deep; suturiform articulation striate; third segment shor-
ter than the second, its lateral angles large, smooth internally ; fourth
with the angles scarcely separated, but with the smooth spot evident.
Ovipositor as long as the abdomen, its sheaths slender. Pleurae
smooth and shining; mesopleura above with an impressed furrow.
Legs slender, but the posterior tibiae rather stout and densely pubes-
cent. Submedian cell considerably longer than the median; radial
cell almost reaching the wing tip; third section of the radius shor-
ter than the second which is three times as long as the first; cubitus
angulate at the extreme base; second cubital cell slightly widened
apically, the second transverse cubitus nearly half as long as the
second section of the radius; first discoidal cell with a short petiole
above; recurrent nervure received distinctly before the apex of the
first cubital cell; nervellus thick at base, then suddenly obsolete.
Type from Olokomeji, Ibadan, Nigeria.
This species is similar to MM. pulchripennis Szép to which it ap-
proaches more closely than to M. maculiceps Cam. or M. similis Szép.
From M. capensis Szép, it differs in the variegated apical portion of
the wings, black hind tibiae and darker abdomen.
SUBFAMILY DORYCTINAE.
ZOMBRUS Marshall.
André, Spec. Hymén. Eur., vol. 5 bis, p. 40 (1897).
Trimorus. Kriechbaumer, Berliner Ent. Zeit. vol. 39, p. 60 (1894)
(non Forster).
Neotrimorus. Dalla Torre, Cat. Hymen., vol. 4, p. 250 (1898).
Acanthobracon. Szépligeti, Termes, Fiizetek, vol. 25, p. 47 (1902)
(non Kriechbaumer).
Trichiobracon. Cameron, Journ. Straits. Br. Roy. Asiatic Soc.,
vol. 44, p. 104 (1905).
Trichodorycles. Szépligeti, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4,
p- 599 (1906).
Numerous names have been applied to this genus and a number
of species have been described from Southern and Equatorial Africa.
The species appear to be extremely variable in color and very uni-
form in structure. There are a series of specimens before me, but I
do not feel that they can be satisfactorily determined without the
aid of much more extensive material.
80 Annals of the South African Museum.
XENOLOBUS, Cameron.
XENOLOBUS RUFUS, Cam.
Ann. Transv. Mus., vol. 2, p. 200 (4911).,
This remarkable insect was described from a male taken at Pretoria.
There is another male in the present collection from Salisbury
(J. O'Neill Jan. 13, 1914). The large raised coloured lobes on the
sides of the upper surface of the propodeum mentioned by Cameron
are in reality composed of a dense brush of erect fine hairs; each
shows a convex velvety surface, but the surface to which the hairs
are attached appears to be depressed below the surrounding parts of
the metanotum. Quite probably these peculiar organs represent some
sense organ, or they may be exudate organs like the tufts of orange-
colored hairs seen in certain myrmecophilous beetles. I know of no
similar structure among the parasitic Hymenoptera, unless it be the
coxal scopa present in the female of some species of Amblyteles
(Ichneumon). In Xenolobus the tufts do not include the spiracle,
which lies just below their outer edge. The tips of the tibiae, tips
of the first tarsal jomt and the second and third tarsal joints of the
hind legs are noticeably thickened or swollen.
SUBFAMILY RHOGADINAE.
RHOGAS, Nees.
RHoGAS MELANOCERUS, Cam.
Ann. 8. Afric. Mus., vol 5, p. 74 (4906).
A female from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. (R. W. Tucker).
RHOGAS MELANOCEPHALUS, Cam.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 71 (1906).
Rhogas erythrostomus Cam. Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 196 (4910).
A female from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (D. Dodds), March 1915.
RHOGAS MELANOSPILUS, Cam.
Ann. Transv. Mus., vol. 2, p. 197 (1911).
A considerable series from De Aar (Péringuey), October, 1917 pro-
bably belong to this species. They vary greatly in color in common
with the other testaceous species of the genus.
RHOGAS PICTIPENNIS, sp. nov.
Q. Length 55 mm. Fulvous; the head below, legs and abdomen
lighter, testaceous; antennae, ocellar spot and tips of fifth tarsal joints
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 84
black; wings hyaline as far as the origin of the cubital vein, blackish
beyond, the dark portion enclosing a large rounded hyaline area that
extends from the base of the second section of the radius to the
middle of its third section and nearly attains the costal margin of
the wing although widely separated from the posterior margin; stigma
and veins of dark areas piceous; those of the clear areas bright ful-
vous or honey-yellow. Ovipositor barely half as long as the second
segment. Eyes moderately large, three times as long as the malar
space, distinctly emarginate next to the antennae and in dorsal view
separated by a distance equal to the transverse width of one of the
eyes; ocelli large, opal, separated from one another and from the
eye margin by their shortest width. Head above smooth, opaque;
face finely rugulose or shagreened. First three joints of flagellum
of antennae subequal, each twice as long as thick. Mesonotum
sub-shining, parapsidal furrows weakly imdicated anteriorly; groove
at base of scutellum strongly curved, foveate, continued laterally
from the middle of the scutellum as a broad striate, barely im-
pressed groove; behind the scutellum is a broad impressed space
extending entirely across the thorax, longitudinally striated. Propo-
deum moderately convex, the upper angles not produced although
they form inconspicuous tubercles; medially with a weak carina at
each side of which there are a few indistinct short transverse ridges.
Abdomen as long as the thorax, the first three segments very weakly
longitudinally striate, the median carina scarcely evident and not
extending beyond the second segment; first segment as Jong as the
second and twice as broad at apex as at base, its surface more
strongly convex than usual; second segment slightly transverse,
distinctly longer than the third; followmg shining, almost smooth.
Propleura irregularly obliquely striate-rugose; mesopleura shagreened,
more shining near the middle where it bears a few scattered punc-
tures; metapleura shagreened, separated from the propodeum by a
complete carina. Spurs of hind tibiae very slightly curved, pubescent;
tarsal claws simple, very strongly curved apically. Stigma broad,
radius issuing before the middle and almost reaching the wing-tip,
the third section twice as long as the second which is in turn double
the length of the first; second cubital cell shghtly, but distinctly
narrowed apically, its apex slightly less than half the length of the
upper side; nervulus oblique, entering the discoidal cell just beyond
its basal third; recurrent nervure received one-third its leneth be-
fore the apex of the first cubital cell; submedian cell of hind wing
half as long as the median; radial cell nearly parallel, slightly con-
stricted at the middle.
6
82 Annals of the South African Museum.
Type from Salisbury, Rhodesia (R. W. Tucker), May, 1917.
This species may be readily distinguished from others known from
this region, by the pictured wings.
GYRONEURON, Kokujer.
GYRONEURON (ses. lat.) AFRICANUM sp. nov.
Q. Length 10-12 mm.; ovipositor very short, scarcely extruded.
Brownish testaceous, with the head lighter, the thorax darker, and
the abdomen, beyond the second segment, dull ferruginous; anten-
nae, intraocellar space and all tarsi black; wings yellowish hyaline
with fuscous markings; basal half of stigma and most of the vena-
tion deep yellow, the apex of stigma and the veins where the basal
band crosses black; a clear-cut, narrow basal dark band across the
wing just before the stigma and another below the apical half of
the stigma, this latter one broken up into three spots, the posterior
one of which is continuous with a band that circles along the wing
tip to the middle of the radial cell; hind wing with the tip and a
subapical posterior spot slightly dusky. Eyes large, emarginate in
front and narrowed above; the malar space about one-fifth the eye
height, without furrow. Ocelli very large and prominent, close
together and separated from the eyes by less than their own dia-
meter; temples obliquely, not strongly narrowed to the very strong
carina; occiput almost truncate behind, although the carmae turn
inward toward the ocelli; head nearly smooth above, the face slightly
transversely wrinkled; clypeus elevated in the form of a horse-shoe;
antennae fully as long as the body, the flagellum densely clothed
with bristly hairs; scape large, twice as long as thick; first Joint of
flagellum one-half longer than thick; following but little longer than
thick, the apical ones growing elongate as they are much more
slender, but scarcely shorter than the basal joints; palpi simple, the
second jomt of the maxillary slightly, but not distinctly swollen.
Mesonotum strongly trilobed anteriorly, shagreened, the parapsidal
furrows deep and crenulate, but fading out behind where the middle
lobe is distinctly concave; reticulate, with several quite evident
carinae. Scutellum with a broad foveate groove at base; its sides
and a broad impression behind longitudinally wrinkled. Propodeum
short, its posterior part sharply declivous; the posterior angles cari-
nate and the elongate spiracle placed on an obtuse tubercle; dorsal
surface weakly reticlated with a median carina in the form of an
inverted Y:; posterior slope deeply reticulate. Propleura obliquely
wrinkled; mesopleura rather shining, minutely punctulate, rough
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 83
above near the tegula; metapleura punctulate, with a very deep
impressed line in front and a carina behind, its lower anterior
angle produced into a large blunt tooth. Abdomen sessile; first
segment twice as broad at tip as at base, not much longer than
broad; second segment as long as the first, one-fourth longer than
wide; third transverse, two-thirds as long as the second; first three
segments coarsely striate or ribbed, reticulate between the striae on
the first and second; striae finer near tip of third; first segment
with a broad apical impression on each side; suturiform articulation
deep, the abdominal striae crossing it without interruption; apical
segments very much shortened, shining. Legs very slender, except
the tarsi which are considerably thickened and densely hairy; tibial
spurs nearly straight, pubescent externally; tarsal claws very stout,
pectinate, with about six long, stout, closely placed teeth. Stigma
narrow, lanceolate, radius issuing before the middle; upper two-
thirds of basal vein much thickened and slightly sinuous; median
vein swollen and angulate beneath near tip; postmedian slightly
swollen and bent upward beyond the nervulus; anal vein with a
lanceolate swellmg just beyond the middle; first section of cubitus
strongly sinuous; third section of radius half longer than the other
two combined, first two-thirds the length of the second which is
one-quarter longer than the second transverse cubitus; second cubital
cell slightly narrowed apically; recurrent nervure entering the first
cubital cell near its apex; nervulus entering the discoidal cell
distinctly before the middle; submedian cell of hind wing fully half
as long as the median; radial cell narrow at base, much contracted
before middle, then broadly expanded to apex.
Type from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April, 1916; para-
type from same locality, January, 1917.
This species is a Gyroneuron only in the wide sense. As I have
not seen the several genera like Gyroneuron, I cannot place it more
definitely. It does not fit well into any of Baker’s recent Philippine
genera. It is the first of this group to be found in Africa.
Supramity AGATHIDINAE. |
DISOPHRYS, Forster.
The South African species known to me may be recognized by
the following key:
1. Wings entirely or in great part hyaline; body pale : : 2.
Wings black or fuscous : é : 6 : é 4.
2. Legs entirely pale : 0 : . iridipennis Cam.
Hind tarsi and tips of their tibiae black . . é : 3.
84 Annals of the South African Museum.
3. Wings hyaline, without darker markings. . lutea Brullé.
Wings with an infuscated band before the male and the apical third
infuscated : : ; : : picturata sp. nov.
4. Thorax, abdomen srl legs entirely rufous, except for brown tips to the
joints of the posterior tarsi. ; nataliensis Szép.
Thorax in part, abdomen entirely and es 4 in part black . : 5.
5. Head and hind legs entirely black . , ‘ dichroa Brullé.
Head entirely, and hind legs before tibiae, rufous . pedalis sp. nov.
DISOPHRYS PICTURATA, Sp. NOV.
co. Length 8 mm. Pale fulvous or luteous; antennae black, tips
of hind tibiae, including the spurs, and the hind tarsi black. Wings
yellowish hyaline basally as far as the nervulus; blackish fuscous
beyond, with a pale band crossing below the basal half of the stigma;
basal half of the latter yellow; apical half and the veins on the dark
parts of the wing piceous; veins on light parts fulvous; hind wing
correspondingly banded. Face shining, coarsely and closely punctate ;
clypeal foveae large and deep; apical margin of clypeus truncate,
its surface with shallow punctures; malar space short, two-thirds as
long as the third antennal joint, without furrow; vertex smooth ;
ocelli large, posterior pair separated from one another by their own
diameter and from the eye by only a slightly greater distance;
ocellar carina complete. First and second joints of antennal flagellum
of equal length. Mesothorax deeply, sparsely punctate; middle lobe
without grooves but with a median raised line anteriorly; scutellum
with the basal furrow broad, transversely striate. Propodeum with
the usual areolation; superomedian area acute anteriorly, the petiolar
narrowed behind; spiracle very narrow, almost linear. Propleura
smooth; mesopleura finely punctate; metapleura finely reticulate.
First segment of abdomen long and narrow, nearly three times as
long as wide at the tip, the spiracles just before the basal third;
second segment two-thirds as long as the first. Legs slender, longer
spur of hind tibiae two-thirds as long as the first tarsal joint; claws
of four anterior tarsi bifid at tip. Radial vein extending halfway
from the stigma to the wing tip; radial cell half as broad as the
stigmal; basal vein bent at base; submedian cell distinctly shorter
than the median; second cubital cell more or less pentangular, with
a distinct upper side; recurrent nervure received the length of the
first transverse cubitus before the tip of the first cubital cell; sub-
median cell in hind wing considerably less than half the length of
the median.
Type from the Junction of the Crocodile and Marico Rivers, Trans-
vaal (R. W. Tucker), February 1918.
Ch. T. Brues, Same South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 85
This is very different in color from its South African congeners,
resembling a Cremnops in the color of the wings. The first ab-
dominal segment is unusually long.
DISOPHRYS PEDALIS, sp. nov.
oO. Length 40 mm. Head, most of thorax, and most of legs
rufoferruginous; antennae, ocellar area, propodeum, entire abdomen
and hind legs beyond the femora black, the hind tibiae more or less
rufous below; wings, including stigma, black, with some small irre-
gular spots below the stigma, hyaline; entire body, except abdomen,
clothed with short pale pubescence. Head more than twice as wide
as thick; vertex above the complete ocellar carinae very sparsely
and regularly punctate; face punctate, more coarsely and confluently
above, more finely and sparsely below, on the clypeus, and on the
malar space; nearly smooth behind the eyes. Eyes small, protu-
berant; malar space without furrow, as Jong as the first flagellar
joint or the width of the eye; ocelli in an equilateral triangle,
separated by their own diameter and from the eye by about four
times their diameter. First joint of antennal flagellum almost twice
as long as the second. Mesonotum punctate, the middle lobe closely
so, the latter highly convex and with two rather indistinct, median,
longitudinal grooves very close together. Scutellar groove divided
by a single median carina. Propodeum reticulated, the areas not
very clearly defined, the superomedian one very broad. First seg-
ment of abdomen about three times as long as wide at the tip, with
the spiracles at the basal third, nearly half as wide at base as at
apex. Propleura smooth and shining, punctate along the upper and
posterior edge and at the upper corner. Mesopleura deeply and
closely punctate, the oblique and posterior marginal impressions
foveately punctate. Metapleura punctate-reticulate behind the vertical
impression, finely punctate anteriorly. Legs stout, the posterior coxae,
femora and tibiae considerably thickened; hind tarsi long and slender,
the first joint three-fourths as long as the tibiae and longer than
the following joints together; longer spur of hind tibiae less than
half the length of the first tarsal joint; claws of hind tarsi simple,
others cleft. Radial cell a little broader than the stigma; second
transverse cubitus with a short external branch; basal vein curved;
nervulus interstitial; second cubital cell large, four sided; quadrate;
submedian cell of hind wing half as long as the median.
Type from Cape Province.
This species is rather like D. dichroa Brullé (= D. bipustulata
Cameron) in color, but the head and base of hind legs are red, not
86 Annals of the South African Museum.
black and the head above, mesonotum and pleurae are heavily punc-
tured, not smooth as in dichroa. The hind legs are much stouter also.
Disopurys picnroa, Brulleé.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymeénop., vol. 4, p. 485 (1846) (Agathis).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 4, p. 158 (1905) (Microdus
bipustulatus).
One specimen from Kar Kloof, Natal, 1915 (Bell-Marley); several
from M’Fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones).
From the description of Disophrys tarsalis Szépligeti (Ann. Soc.
Ent. Belgique, vol. 58, p. 1416 (1914), I am inclined to believe that
it is this species.
DISOPHRYS NATALIENSIS, Szép.
Termes. Fiizetek, vol. 25, p. 71 (1902).
Two specimens from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (1908). This
large, rufo-ferruginous species is easily recognizable.
DISOPHRYS IRIDIPENNIS, Cam.
Xanthomicrodus iridipennis Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 4,
p. 158 (4905).
One male from Inhambane, Mozambique (K. H. Barnard), December 7,
1912 agrees well with Cameron’s description. This species is the type
of Xanthomicrodus (Cameron, ¢.c¢., p. 157) which must therefore fall
as a synonym of Disophrys.
DIsopHRYs LUTEA, Brulle.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hyménop., vol. 4, p. 306 (1846) (Agathis).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 214 (1914).
There are numerous specimens of this widespread species from Dur-
ban, Natal (Marley), March, 1915; Acornhoek, Transvaal (R. W. Tucker),
November 1918; Komati Poort, Eastern Transvaal (R. W. Tucker),
February 1918.
EUAGATHIS, Szépligeti.
EUAGATHIS TEREBRATOR, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 10 mm.:; ovipositor 7 mm. Black; the abdomen,
except a dark blotch beyond the middle, and legs, except front
coxae and tips of tarsi, fulvo-ferruginous; propodeum with a rufous
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera, 87
spot above on each side; sheaths of ovipositor black. Wings black,
the front ones with a pale streak from the parastigma to the base
of the nervellus; hind wings pale at base. Head strongly transverse,
two and one-half times as broad as thick; occiput sloping forward
on each side from the temples to the median line; seen anteriorly,
the head is distinctly shorter than broad; the malar space nearly
as long as the eye; ocellar tubercle raised medially as an erect,
tooth-like process; each antenna inserted in a deep, immargined
impression which extends to the ocelli on each side. Front, vertex
and head behind coarsely, confluently punctate; face more finely so;
clypeal foveae deep, palpi simple. Antennae 37-jointed, sharply
tapered near apex; first flagellar joint as long as the scape, three
times as long as thick and one-third longer than the second; following
growing shorter, becoming quadrate near the apex. Prothorax without
foveate impressions above; although there is an impression which
extends from the lower angle of the propleura upwards and across
the pronotum; surface punctate-reticulate. Mesonotum irregularly,
confluently punctate; median lobe with a broad, deep median 1m-
pression on the anterior two-thirds; parapsidal furrows deep, meeting
at a very acute angle before the scutellum; scutellar impression deep,
cross-striated; surface of scutellum closely punctate, with a marginal
carinate line. Propodeum nearly twice as broad as long, its spiracles
large, elongate-oval; with an impression behind each spiracle outside
which the margin is raised and carimate; no areas, although there
are three broken and very irregular longitudinal carinae extending
down the middle; surface irregularly rugose; posterior angles pro-
duced as flattened lobes. Pleurae punctate, the metapleurae more
coarsely so; mesopleura with an oblique impressed groove; meso-
metapleural suture with a series of foveae both before and behind it;
posterior edge of metapleura raised, vertical. Legs very stout; claws
of four anterior tarsi each with a long tooth within; hind coxae and
femora coarsely punctate; longer spur of hind tibia nearly half as
long as the metatarsus. Abdomen short, as long as the thorax and
narrower; broadest at the base, where it is as wide as the apex of
the propodeum; first segment slightly narrowed behind, its middle
portion elevated, narrower at the base, punctate except on the disc
and along the posterior margin; side pieces smooth, each more than
half as wide as the middle portion at base and narrowed almost to
a point apically; second segment with a transverse impressed line
at the middle, behind this sparsely covered with large, shallow
punctures; remaining segments smooth. Radial cell at middle almost
as broad as the stigma, extending one-third the way from the apex
88 Annals of the South African Museum.
of stigma to wing tip; base of cubitus present as a stump; areolet
large, quadrangular; submedian vein much enlarged toward base;
basal vein thickened above; nervulus interstitial; submedian cell in
hind wing nearly half as long as the median.
Type from Durban, Natal (C. N. Barker) Feb. 23, 1917.
BRAUNSIA, Kriechbaumer.
BRAUNSIA FENESTRATA, Kriechbaumer.
A female of this species bears the label: ‘Host, Chardisia sp.”
Durban, February 16-(Marley).” _
There are also two other species of Brawnsia, very distinct from
the numerous ones already described from Africa and the regions
farther east.
BRAUNSIA MIMETICA, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 10 mm.; ovipositor 10 mm. Thorax, antennae and
four posterior legs entirely black; head above and abdomen piceous,
the latter almost black at base and fuscous at tip: face dull ferru-
ginous; cheeks, palpi and front legs pale yellow; wings pale yellow-
ish, the tips blackened beyond the middle of the radial cell, stigma
and veins pale yellow, only the apical half of the radial vein dark;
hind wings dark at tips. Supra-antennal depressions unusually large,
extending upward to the sides of the ocellar triangle; posterior
ocelli more than twice as far from one another as from the eye-
margin; cheeks as long as the antennal scape, slightly over half the
length of the eye. Clypeal foveae deep, but not large, the clypeal
area and the lower median part of the face forming a_ strongly
elevated, triangular area. Antennal scape scarcely twice as long as
thick; first jomt of flagellum fully as long as the scape; second,
third and fourth growing distinctly, though not rapidly shorter.
Prothorax above with a deep fovea on each side, not meeting on
the dorsal surface, but connected there by a short impressed line;
behind this the pronotum is only slightly concave before the meso-
notum. Middle lobe of mesonotum only moderately convex (for this
genus), the median pair of impressed lines deep and well separated ;
impunctate as are also the lateral lobes. Postscutellum triangular,
deeply excavated, with a median raised line. Propodeum with a
short median raised line at base, but without other distinct carinae;
basal portion, extending to apex medially, irregularly wrinkled;
sides behind smooth. Pleurae. smooth, impunctate; propleural fur-
row not punctate or crenate; the three lower mesopleural grooves
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 89
irregularly and rather weakly crenate; lower anterior angle of meta-
pleura produced into a small, obtusely rounded lobe. Striae of ab-
domen extending almost to the apex of the third segment, coarse
and clear-cut on all the segments, although they are more widely
separated and a trifle more irregular on the first segment; the
latter segment with a very prominent carina near the sides, more
highly elevated on its basal half; below this with a ridge including
the spiracle, separated from the extreme lateral edge by a groove;
first, second and third segments of nearly equal length; the second
slightly shorter, its transverse impression placed near the posterior
third, shallow as is also the impression on the third segment which
is placed just behind the middle; apex of third segment transversely
aciculate, following smooth. Second cubital cell pentangular, the
upper side as long as either of the external ones.
Types from Berea, Durban, Natal (W. W. B. Marley), Novem-
ber, 1907.
BRAUNSIA EXCELSA, Sp. Nov.
Oo. Length 10 mm. Black; head below eyes pale yellow; front
legs entirely fulvous; middle legs fulvous with the coxae above,
second joint of trochanters, base of femora and tarsi, except extreme
base, fuscous; wings yellow at base, black beyond the nervulus
except for a transverse yellowish band, narrower behind, which
includes the basal half of the stigma; costa and veins of dark por-
tion piceous, remainder and basal half of stigma yellow. Ocelli
large, the posterior pair more than twice as far from the eye as
from one another; supra-antennal impressions large and deep, extend-
ing past the sides of the ocellar area; clypeal foveae large and deep,
the clypeus and middle of face below very strongly raised; malar
space one-third as long as the eye. Scape of antennae scarcely
twice as long as thick; first flagellar joint fully as long as the scape,
slender, less than one third as thick as long; second and third
growing imperceptibly shorter. Prothorax with the large lateral
impressions nearly meeting above where they are connected by a
short grooved line; pronotum behind this with some large, irregular
punctures, then concave before the mesonotum. Middle lobe of me-
sonotum very highly convex, its pair of median grooves well separ-
ated, unusually large and deep; surface with scattered, small, setige-
rous punctures, more numerous on the lateral lobes. Postscutellum
deeply concave, rimmed, elevated at apex. Propodeum coarsely,
irregularly wrinkled above, with a strong median carina on basal
third which gives off a pair of short oblique branches at its tip;
90 Annals of the South African Museum.
sides nearly smooth, with an apical carina extending forward to the
middle of the propodeum well above the subspiracular groove.
Pleurae with all of the impressions strongly crenulate, the lower
angle of the metapleura rounded, scarcely produced. Second and
third abdominal segments rather finely striate, the apex of the third
finely punctulate; first segment striate like the others near apex,
but nearly smooth basally; middle portion bounded by a moderately
strong carina basally, outside which it is but little concave; spira-
cular ridge extending to apex, grooves on second and third segments
as deep and sharp as the suturiform articulation, each placed dis-
tinctly, but not far behind the middle of the segment. Second
cubital cell nearly triangular, acute above and with the outer edge
nearly straight.
Type from Stella Bush, Natal (Marley), 1918.
CREMNOPS Forster = BRACON Fabr., non auct. !
CREMNoPS (BRACON sens. nov.) ZULULANDENSIS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 10-11 mm.; ovipositor 4 mm. Head and thorax fer-
ruginous, the front and vertex black; abdomen black, sometimes
rufous at the extreme base; legs ferruginous, the hind tibiae and
tarsi black; middle tarsi piceous; wings black, an irregular hyaline
blotch below the base of the stigma and another outside the recur-
rent nervure. Head twice as broad as thick, the temples much
narrowed and the occiput deeply concave; frontal impression bounded
by a carina that extends to the ocelli; ocellar tubercle acutely ele-
vated between the posterior ocelli; front and vertex smooth and
shining; face faintly punctate; head, seen from the front, as long
as broad, the malar space as long as the eye; clypeus strongly
raised medially; palpi simple. Antennae long, about 47-jointed; first
flagellar joint longest, four times as long as thick. Pronotal foveae
deep, distinctly separated above. Mesonotum elongate, not strongly
convex; middle lobe with scattered punctures anteriorly; lateral ones
nearly smooth; median impression double, not very deep; parapsidal
furrows sharply impressed, meeting in an impression before the
scutellum; posterior corners with a linear impression inside the
raised lateral margin. Basal scutellar impression very broad and
deep, smooth. Propodeum with a long median area and pleural
1 Although there is no question of the necessity of applying the name Bracon
to this genus, I have used the commonly accepted term, Cremnops, as the change
of names involves many homonyms and other nomenclatorial matters which can
be cleared up only in a general monograph or catalogue.
Ch. T. Brues, Sone South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 94
carinae, with more or less distinct transverse carinae between them.
Spiracle large, broadly oval. Propleurae smooth, with a crenate
line behind and a few fine punctures above; mesopleura with scat-
tered punctures below, nearly smooth above; oblique impression very
faint; meso-metapleural suture with a foveate line before and be-
hind it; metapleura slightly punctate behind. Hind coxae with
coarse punctures above. Abdomen distinctly petiolate, the first seg-
ment twice as wide at apex as at base and more than three times
as long as its greatest width; smooth, in lateral view appearing
constricted at the middle; second segment nearly as long as the first,
without transverse impression; sutures beyond very indistinct. All
the tarsal claws with a large tooth externally, larger than the apex
of the claw; longer spur of hind tibia half the length of the meta-
tarsus. Stigma narrow; radial cell moderate, a little wider at the
middle than the stigma, reaching nearly halfway from the apex of
the stigma to the wing-tip; areolet rather large, quadrangular; base
of cubitus present as a stump; submedian vein enlarged basally;
nervulus distinctly postfurcal; submedian cell in the hind wing less
than half as long as the median.
oO. Practically like the female, even in size.
Type from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), December 1911.
Three paratypes, one a male, from the same locality, December,
March and May.
This species is very similar to the South African Megagathis, but
the parapsidal furrows are distinct, as well as the median mesonotal
impression.
CREMNOPS (BRACON sens. nov.) OBSOLESCENS sp. nov.
Q. Length 8 mm.; ovipositor 4 mm. Light ferruginous, the
apical part of the abdomen darker; head above, the antennae,
tips of hind tibiae, and hind tarsi entirely, black; face in-
fuscated above. Wings black with a hyaline band, narrower toward
the posterior margin and limited in front by the bases of the cubital
and radial veins; basal and submedian cells also paler basally except
along the veins; hind wing with a spot below the stigma and the
apical fourth dark; basal half of head almost three times as broad
as thick; temples obliquely narrowed, occiput very deeply excavated;
frontal impression shallow, its marginal carina extending to the
ocelli; tubercle between posterior ocelli not prominent. Head, seen
from the front, scarcely longer than broad, the malar space as long
as the eye; face shining, faintly punctulate; vertex and head behind,
smooth and shining; palpi simple. First joint of flagellum one-fourth
92 Annals of the South African Museum.
longer than the second;-joints beyond gradually decreasing in length,
not becoming quadrate till almost at the tip of the antenna. Pro-
notal pits close together, but not confluent. Mesonotum shining,
with a few scattered punctures; median lobe moderately convex in
front, its median impression not very clearly marked, double; para-
psidal furrows deep: lateral margin of mesonotum carinate, more
strongly sv near the posterior angles where there is a deep sub-
marginal groove. Basal impression of scutellum smooth, deep, with
a faint median carma. Propodeum with a long, narrow median
area, a longitudinal carina above the spiracle and one below it, these
connected by irregular cross carinae except on the posterior face.
Propleura faimtly punctate above and behind, its oblique impression
broad; mesopleura with a few large, shallow punctures below and
in front, its oblique impression indicated as a line, but only near
the middle coxa; meso-metapleural suture with a foveate line before
and behind it; metapleura almost impunctate; spiracle large, oval.
Abdominal petiole less than twice as broad at apex as the base;
two and one-half times as long as its greatest width; very faintly
constricted before the middle; surface shining as is the whole ab-
domen; second segment three-fourths as long as the first, its basal
lateral impressions weak, the transverse groove at the middle not
clearly indicated. Legs stout; hind coxae above and their femora
externally and internally, punctate. Tarsal claws bifid on all the
legs, the inner brach stouter, especially on the hind leg; longer spur
of hind tibia not quite half as long as the metatarsus. Radial cell
as broad as the stigma, reaching two-fifths the distance from the
latter to the wing-tip; base of cubitus present as a long swollen
stump; areolet large, quadrangular; submedian vein swollen basally,
but very pale and scarcely chitinized; anal vein enlarged on its_basal
half; nervulus postfurcal by one-third its length.
Type from Mfongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), December 1914.
SUBFAMILY CARDIOCHILINAE.
CARDIOCHILES, Nees.
1. Temples and head above distinctly punctate; middle lobe of mesonotum
evenly convex; body entirely black . ¢ : 3 2.
Temples and head above smooth or transversely sninte, not distinctly
punctate; middle lobe of mesonotum anteriorly usually with a pair of
longitudinal impressions; body partly pale in color. _—_.. : 3.
Face, including clypeus as wide as high; wings and hind tibial spurs black
C. latifrons sp. nov.
Face, including clypeus much longer than broad; wings hyaline, with
bo
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 93
infuscated apex; hind tibial spurs white in the male, partly white in the
female . : 6 C. angustifrons sp. nov.
3. Head between ocelli sind eyes, inde upper part of antennal basin trans-
versely striated; mesonotum and scutellum distinctly punctate, stigma
yellow on basal half . ; ; . C. striatus sp. nov.
Head and antennal basin above ern not or very indistinctly striate 4.
4. Clypeus much broader than high; face broader, its height including clypeus
not more than its width 3 5.
Clypeus narrow, very strongly arched anor as el or helen ‘yn wide;
face, including clypeus higher than broad. : C. iestaceupes Cann.
5. Thorax black, at most the propleurae fulvous; wings hyaline at base,
infuscated apically 5 : é 5 : : 8.
Thorax yellow or fulyous, more or less maculate with black; wings
variable . : ; : 6.
6. Wings dark fuscous amogeWoats grooves on median a lateral lobes of
mesonotum obsolete. : . CO. mitidus sp. nov.
Wings paler at base; mesonotal grooves distinct . : ; W-
|
Second section of radius not quite twice as long as the first section or the
second transverse cubitus, the second cubital cell therefore short
C. fossatus sp. nov.
Second section of radius nearly three times as long as the first section or
the second transverse cubitus, second cubital cell therefore long
C. longipennis sp. nov.
8. Head and thorax entirely black; abdomen entirely yellow; wing veins
normal . . C. tegularis sp. nov.
Head, thorax and Abderen cpa sa villa and partly black, wing
veins unusually heavy and thick . ‘ C. fulvwentris Cameron.
CARDIOCHILES LATIFRONS, Sp. Nov.
Oo. Length 55 mm. Black, including antennae, coxae, trochanters
and mouthparts, except tips of palpi; extreme base of femora dar-
kened; hind tibiae black, except at the knees, and hind tarsi black,
except the base of the first Joint; remainder of legs fulvous yellow,
and a spot on the mesonotum near each tegula obscure rufous;
wings uniformly dark fuscous, with a hyaline dot at the insertion
of the recurrent nervure, above the base of the nervellus, and along
the second transverse cubitus and thickened basal part of the third
section of the radius. Head finely and sparsely punctate, slightly
rugose behind on the sides, with some weak transverse striae across
the front above the antennal impression and a crenate line along
the posterior margin of the ocellar space. Head at temples as broad
as at eyes, barely twice as broad as thick. Face highly polished,
distinctly and sharply raised along the median line; clypeus weakly
transversely convex, less than half as high as broad; face, including
the clypeus, fully as broad as high, the latter indistinctly bidentate
94 Annals of the South African Museum.
medially at apex; malar space half as long as the width of the
mandible at base, with a fine, but distinct furrow. Antennae strongly
tapered toward apex, all joints of the flagellum a little longer than
wide, more nearly quadrate near the middle of the flagellum. Meso-
notum very sparsely and minutely punctate, evenly and not strongly
convex, the parapsidal furrows crenate, clear-cut, but not very deep;
middle lobe without any median impressions. Disc of scutellum
shining, with a few small punctures; the depressed sides irregularly
longitudinally striate. Propodeum with the usual areas, rugose-
reticulate between the carmae. Propleura smooth around the edges,
the central depression coarsely rugose-punctate; mesopleura with the
upper, posterior and oblique discal grooves transversely ribbed; meta-
pleura with a vertical, crenate furrow separating an anterior smooth
space and a posterior reticulate one. Middle lobe of first abdominal
segment more convex than is usual. Second section of radial vein
more than twice as long as the first, as long as the first transverse
cubitus and one-half longer than the second; cubitus originating at
the upper third of the basal vein, recurrent nervure received its own
length before the apex of the first cubital cell: first discoidal cell
narrowed apically, but more than half as high at apex as at base,
the nervulus entering the basal third of the cell. Longer spur of
hind tibia half as long as the first tarsal joint.
Type from Kimberley (J. H. Power), May 8, 1912.
CARDIOCHILES ANGUSTIFRONS, Sp. nov.
o. Black, the anterior and middle tarsi pale yellowish; front
tibiae brown, pale at base; middle and hind ones pale at extreme
base; tibial spurs white; wings hyaline at base, weakly infuscated
on apical third; stigma piceous, veins dark brown; body conspicuously
white pubescent. Head rather finely and sparsely punctate, the face
smooth centrally, obsoletely rugose-punctate on the sides. Head fully
twice as wide as thick, slightly wider on the temples than at the
eyes; front without striae above the antennal impression, with a few
short, transverse striae behind the space between the posterior ocelli.
Face narrow; including the clypeus, distinctly higher than broad,
with an oval raised area on the disc, but without any median raised
line; clypeus less than twice as wide as high, its upper margin
strongly arcuate, apical margin distinctly bidentate at the center;
malar space half as long as the basal width of the mandible, with
a deeply impressed linear furrow. First joint of antennal flagellum
twice as long as thick, second slightly shorter, the following growing
shorter, but considerably longer than thick. Mesonotum rather
Ch. 7. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 95
densely and coarsely punctate, the parapsidal furrows crenate, clearly
impressed; middle lobe without any grooves medially. Dise of scu-
tellum coarsely and closely punctate, the depressed sides reticulate ;
basal furrow deep, deeply crenate. Carimae of propodeum strong,
the areas reticulate, clothed with very long dense hair. Propleurae
smooth above, striate anteriorly and rugose-reticulate elsewhere.
Mesopleura reticulate above, smooth below, except for the crenate
oblique furrow and a reticulate area above the coxa; posterior
margin with a row of large foveae, connected at the middle with
the oblique furrow by a smooth linear impression. Metapleura reti-
culate, with an oblique smooth area below the root of the hind
wing. Longer spur of hind tibia two-thirds as long as the first
tarsal joint. Median portion of first abdominal segment highly con-
vex, the lateral depressed portion with an impressed longitudinal
line. Second section of the radius more than twice as long as the
first, distinctly longer than the first transverse cubitus and fully twice
as long as the second; recurrent nervure received more than its own
length before the apex of the first cubital cell; cubitus straight at
base, originating at the upper third of the basal vein; first discoidal
cell much narrowed apically, the apex scarcely half as high as the
base, nervulus originating at basal third of the cell; submedian cell
in hind wing distinctly less than half as long as the median.
Type from Stella Bush Durban, Natal (Marley), April, 4915.
A female sent later from Clairmont Natal (Marley), February,
1915, is like the male, except that the shorter spur of the hind tibia
is black, and the longer one is black at the base.
CARDIOCHILES STRIATUS, Sp. Nov.
co. Length 6 mm. Fulvo-ferruginous; head below antennae
yellow, the abdomen more or less darkened along the median line;
antennae, ocellar area and hind tarsi black; tibial spurs fulvous.
Wings brownish yellow basally and rather strongly infuscated api-
cally; basal half of stigma orange yellow, apex black; veins light
fuscous. Head fully twice as wide as thick, not so broad on the
temples as at the eyes; sparsely punctate behind the eye; upper
part of antennal impression and entire vertex, except a semicircular
smooth space around the posterior half of the ocellar area, finely
transversely striate, the striae extending down behind the upper
part of the eyes. Face Jonger than wide with a slight rounded
median elevation, faintly punctate; clypeus flat, nearly twice as broad
as high, with upper margin strongly arcuate, the anterior not dis-
tinctly toothed at the center; malar space a little longer than the
96 Annals of the South African Museum.
width of the mandible at base, with a distinct linear furrow. An-
tennae stout; first flagellar joint about twice as long as thick, second
distinctly shorter, joints near middle, but little longer than thick.
Mesonotum rather densely, but not deeply punctate, the parapsidal
furrows deep, but very slightly crenulate; middle lobe anteriorly
with a pair of approximate shallow furrows enclosing a longitudinal,
slightly elevated ridge. Disc of scutellum sparsely punctate, the
depressed sides weakly reticulate. Propodeal carinae strong, the
areas reticulated between the carinae. Middle lobe of first abdomi-
nal segment sharply triangular, the flattened lateral area with a
broad shallow longitudinal groove. Propleura striate below, rugose-
reticulate above, with a narrow smooth space along the anterior
margin above. Mesopleura very irregularly rugose or reticulate,
punctate near the upper anterior angle and with a smooth space
near the middle behind; hind margin with a series of rather large
foveae. Metapleura finely reticulate, the anterior part not entirely
smooth. Longer spur of hind tibia two-thirds as long as the meta-
tarsus. Second section of radial vein more than twice as long as
the first, one-half longer than the very oblique second transverse
cubitus and a little longer than the first which is strongly bent
below, the second cubital cell distinctly narrowed apically; base of
cubitus straight, arismg just above the upper third of the basal
vein; apex of first discoidal cell more than half as high as its base;
nervulus entering the cell at its basal fourth; recurrent nervure.
received more than its own length before the apex of the first cubital
cell; submedian cell of hind wing Jess than half as long as the
median.
Type from Transvaal; paratype from Fraserburg Road, Cape Pro-
vince, S. H. Haughton, May 18, 1915.
CARDIOCHILES NITIDUS, sp. nov.
Q. Length 7 mm. Pale yellowish fulvous, marked with black as
follows: antennae; head above antennae, extending to occiput and
nearly to eyes on the sides; middle and each lateral lobe of meso-
notum except the complete margin of each; large spot on meso-
pleura behind, almost confluent with a smaller one on the meta-
pleura; under surface of thorax; a basal band, narrowed medially,
on propodeum; small spot on first abdominal segment; fore coxae
and trochanters and base of four posterior coxae; sheaths of ovi-
positor: hind tibiae and tarsi lost. Wings deeply infuscated, except
for the usual pale specks; stigma black, veins piceous, the basal and
cubitus lighter brown. An unusually stout species and very shining,
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 97
with but little pubescence. Head twice as broad as thick, the
temples deep but the head not so broad there as at the eyes, the
occiput broadly excavated; head entirely smooth and shining except
for some faint punctulation behind the eyes. Ocellar area raised,
margined laterally and behind by a shallow, broad depression; face
slightly raised along the median line; including the clypeus, as broad
as high; clypeus more than twice as broad as high, upper margin
not very strongly curved, anterior margin faintly notched at middle,
but not bidentate; malar space as long as the basal width of the
mandible, with a fine furrow. Antennae stout; scape short, nearly
as thick as long; first flagellar joint twice as long as thick, following
gradually shorter. Mesonotum smooth and polished; parapsidal fur-
rows deeply impressed and finely crenulate at the bottom; median
lobe nearly flat, except at sides, with a pair of widely separated,
almost obsolete broad longitudinal impressions; lateral lobes strongly
convex. Scutellum broad, convex, smooth; depressed lateral portions
smooth with a crenate line along their margins; basal groove coar-
sely fluted. Propodeum with the carinae strong, the surface of the
areas coarsely confluently punctate and shining. Middle lobe of first
abdominal segment strongly convex behind, the lateral space without
distinct longitudinal groove. Propleura smooth, the depressed cen-
tral part with shallow reticulations. Mesopleura smooth, except for
a confluently punctate band along the anterior edge, a transverse
one near the top and a curved one below, connected with the
anterior one; hind margin crenulate; the upper oblique and posterior
impressions well marked. Metapleura reticulate behind, smooth in
front. Second section of radius nearly three times as long as the
first, one-third longer than the first transverse cubitus and twice as
long as the second transverse cubitus. Cubitus straight at base,
arising below the upper third of the basal vein; apex of first dis-
coidal cell slightly more than half as high as the base, the nervulus
entering at the basal fourth of the cell; submedian cell in hind
wing nearly half as long as the median.
Type from Ookiep, Namaqualand, September, 1890 (R. M. Light-
foot). Paratype from Cape Town, September, 1913. The hind tarsi
of the paratype are black.
CARDIOCHILES FOSSATUS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 6 mm. Light brownish yellow, tinged with fulvous,
marked with black as follows; large spot on head above from anten-
nae to upper margin of head, nearly reaching the eyes above; an-
tennae; large central spot on each of the lobes of the mesonotum,
7
98 Annals of the South African Museum.
sheaths of ovipositor; posterior tarsi fuscous; apex of abdomen more
or less infuscated above. Wings slightly infuscated at base, more
strongly so on apical third; stigma black, veins dark brown, the
submedian, basal and cubital veins much lighter. Head fully twice
as broad as thick, at the temples not so wide as at the eyes; upper
edge of antennal impression and sides of front near eyes faintly
transversely striate; head behind the eyes faintly punctate; face
nearly smooth, as broad as long including the clypeus; the latter
twice as broad as high, upper margin not strongly curved; lower
margin not distinctly bidentate at middle; malar space as long as
the basal width of the mandible, with a linear furrow; first Joint of
antennal flagellum twice as long as thick, second considerably
shorter; following gradually decreasing in length. Mesonotum smooth,
the parapsidal furrows deep, but not very coarsely crenulate at the
bottom; the paired longitudinal grooves on the middle lobe widely
separated, broad and shallow but very evident; lateral lobes each
with a single similar longitudinal impression. Scutellum elevated,
smooth; basal groove very wide, coarsely striate; depressed sides of
scutellum confluently punctate. Propodeum coarsely reticulate be-
tween the very strong carinae. Propleura confluently punctate or
reticulate, smooth around the edges. Mesopleura punctate, the upper
and the oblique groove reticulate; smooth anteriorly near the top
and posteriorly at the middle; posterior edge crenulate. Metapleura
smooth in front of the oblique crenulate furrow, finely reticulate
behind it. First abdominal segment with the median part rather
strongly elevated, the lateral space with a shallow longitudinal fur-
row. Longer spur of posterior tibia two-thirds as long as the first
tarsal jot. Second section of radius not quite twice as long as the
first which is equal to the second transverse cubitus; first transverse
cubitus two-thirds as long as the second section of the radius;
cubitus straight at base, arismg above the upper third of the basal
vein; recurrent nervure received considerably more than its own
length before the apex of the first cubital cell, first discoidal cell
half as high at tip as at base, the nervulus entering at the basal
third of the cell; sub-median cell of hind wing a little less than
half as long as the median.
Type from Durban, Natal (W. Haygarth), 1914.
Similar to C. nitida sp. nov. in color, but more slender, and less
shining and with the wing veins less thickened.
CARDIOCHILES LONGIPENNIS, Sp. Nov.
o. Length 7 mm. Pale brownish yellow, marked with black as
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 99
follows; antennae, except scape beneath; a large spot on the head
above, narrowed in front, reaching from the base of the antennae
to the upper corner of the eye and the posterior edge of the vertex
medially; mesonotum entirely, except parapsidal grooves and extreme
lateral edges; posterior tarsi: abdomen stained with brown toward
apex. Wings slightly yellowish at base, infuscated on apical third;
basal half of stigma fulvous, apex black; wing veins light yellowish
brown. Head less than twice as broad as thick, as wide at the
temples as at the eyes; entirely smooth above, sparsely punctate
behind the eyes near the posterio: margin; face, including clypeus,
nearly smooth, fully as wide as high; malar space scarcely as lone
as the basal width of the mandible, with a linear furrow. Scape
and flagellum of antennae very stout; first flagellar joint scarcely
twice as long as thick; third shorter and following gradually decreas-
ing in length. Mesonotum shining, the middle lobe sparsely, strongly
punctate, its pair of grooves distinct, widely separated; each lateral
lobe with a narrow deep, longitudinal furrow; parapsidal furrows
deep, faintly crenulate at the bottom. Scutellum smooth, nearly flat,
the basal groove smooth medially, slightly ribbed at the sides;
depressed lateral portion reticulate. Propodeum with strong carinae,
the surface between them finely reticulate anteriorly, but nearly
smooth behind. Propleurae in great part smooth, with an oblique
band and a branch extending toward the tegula slightly wrinkled.
Mesopleura sparsely punctate in front, smooth elsewhere, except for
the oblique and upper furrow; posterior margin not distinctly crenu-
late or foveate. Metapleura reticulate-punctate, including, but more
sparsely, the anterior part. Middle part of first abdominal segment
convex, no wider than the flat lateral part which is without a longi-
tudinal groove. Longer spur of hind tibia three-fourths as long as
the basal tarsal joint. Wings long and narrow; first section of
radius one-third as long as the second and barely shorter than the
second transverse cubitus which is half as long as the first trans-
verse cubitus, the second cubital cell being long and distinctly
narrowed apically. Cubitus straight at base, originating at the upper
third of the basal vein; first discoidal cell much narrowed apically,
the apex one-half as high as the base; nervulus entering at the
basal third of this cell; recurrent nervure received more than its
own length before the apex of the first cubital cell; wing veins all
stout, but none especially thickened; submedian cell in hind wing
only two-fifths as long as the median.
Type from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), December 4914.
The wings of this species are noticeably longer than usual.
100 Annals of the Suuth African Museum.
CARDIOCHILES TEGULARIS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 5 mm. Head, antennae, entire thorax, except tegulae,
all coxae and trochanters, extreme tips of hind tibiae and entire
hind tarsi and sheaths of ovipositor, black; palpi, remainder of legs,
tegulae and abdomen, fulvous yellow. Wings almost hyaline at base,
lightly infuscated on apical third; base of costa fulvous; stigma black,
veins fuscous, the median, basal and cubital very much paler. Body
and legs pale pubescent throughout. Head thin, considerably more
than twice as broad as thick, narrower at the temples than at the
eyes; entirely shining and smooth, except for smail sparse punctures
on the clypeus; ocellar space raised, but without a marginal im-
pression; face slightly raised near the median line, as broad as
high, the clypeus strongly arched above, less than twice as broad as
high, its lower margin with two obsolete tuberculate teeth at the
center; malar space as long as the basal width of the mandible, its
furrow faintly impressed. Antennal scape short and stout; first
flagellar joint less than twice as long as thick, second and followmg
each a little shorter. Mesonotum smooth and shining, each lobe
convex, without any furrows or grooves; parapsidal furrows deep
and narrow, crenulate. Scutellum rather convex, its basal groove
strongly ribbed; depressed lateral portions smooth, with a crenulate
line around the margin. Propodeal carinae less strongly elevated
than usual, but all the areas complete, surface reticulate; middle—
lobe of first abdominal segment narrow, not so broad as the lateral
area which is longitudinally depressed along the middle. Propleura
smooth above and below, coarsely punctate-reticulate between on the
concave portion. Mesopleura smooth and shining, the oblique furrow
and an area near the top foveate-punctate. Metapleura finely reti-
culate, the anterior portion entirely smooth. Longer spur of hind
tibia two-thirds as long as the first tarsal jomt. Second section of
radial vein two and one-half times as long as the first and nearly
twice as long as the second transverse cubitus, only about one-third
longer than the first transverse cubitus; cubitus arising at the upper
third of the basal vein, its first section straight; recurrent nervure
received more than its own length before the tip of the first cubital
cell; first discoidal cell slightly more than half as high at apex as at
base, the nervulus entering near the basal fourth of the cell; sub-
median cell of hind wing distinctly less than half as long as the median.
Type from Kenya Colony, April 27, 1918. .
Kasily recognizable among the African species by the black head
and thorax with fulvous abdomen, tegulae and legs.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 101
SUBFAMILY HELORIMORPHINAE.
HELORIMORPHA, Schmiedeknecht.
Stictometeorus Cameron, Soc. Entom., Jahrg. 24, p. 9, (1909) Type:
S. rufus Cam.).
Two of the most interesting species contained in the present col-
lection are members of this genus. After its discovery in Europe,
Helorimorpha was soon found in North America, and a few years
later in South, America. In 1909, Cameron described Stictometeorus
from South Africa, placing it in the Meteorinae. After seeing the two
African Helorimorpha, I feel quite certain that Siictometeorus is properly
to be regarded as a synonym. The present locality adds definitely
another faunal region, for although the African forms might perhaps
be considered as representing a distinct genus or subgenus, they are
extremely similar to the other species, showing a closer similarity
to the Neotropical H. brasiliensis Brues, than to the European or
either of the North American species. Thus in H. brasiliensis and
the African species the course of the cubitus forms an unbroken
line, while in the others it is angled at the base of the second
cubital cell; on the other hand the veins beyond the cells are not
indicated in africana, are weakly defined in at least one North
American species and quite distinct in brasiliensis. All six known
forms are otherwise very much alike, and differ only in the intensity
of sculpture, in color and in minute details of wing venation.
The two African species may be separated as follows: H. rufa
Cameron is probably a third as the mesonotum is black and the
antennae black above at base, as in H. bicolor Szép.
1. Antennae honey-yellow, except at tips; third joint as long as the two
preceding together; second transverse cubital vein incomplete
H, africana sp. noy.
Antennae black beyond second joint; third joint shorter; second transverse
cubitus complete 3 : : : . H. coffeae sp. nov.
HELORIMORPHA AFRICANA, Sp. Nov.
o. Length 45 mm. Entirely dull fulvous, the apical three or
four joints of antennae black; abdomen ferruginous on apical half;
wings hyaline, with a slight yellowish tinge, stigma and venation
pale brown. Head more strongly transverse than usual, considerably
more than twice as wide as thick, very strongly and broadly emar-
102 Annals of the South African Museum.
ginate behind; above rather coarsely and confluently punctate; ocelli
large, in a small equilateral triangle, the ocellar space more or less
blackened; front with a fine raised line, bifurcate above between
the bases of the antennae and extending halfway to the ocelli; face
very finely reticulated, whitish pubescent and not shining; clypeus
finely punctate, shining, although pubescent; malar space half as
long as the eye, finely reticulate; head behind rather strongly, sepa-
rately punctate. Antennae 18-jointed; scape nearly as long as the
width of the eye; pedicel two-thirds as long; first flagellar joint
twice as long as the pedicel, nearly five times as long as thick;
following gradually shorter and moniliform, those near apex almost
twice as long as thick. Entire thorax coarsely reticulate or areolate
as in the other species, the spaces not showing any definite arran-
gement. Abdominal petiole long, slender, shghtly curved, thickened
just beyond the middle, then gradually narrowed to apex which is
but little thicker than the base; spiracle placed distinctly, but not
far behind the middle; surface of petiole without distinct sculpture.
Body of abdomen shining and polished, the second tergite extending
to its tip and far down on the sides and apparently enclosing the
venter; elongate oval, half as wide as the thorax and a little higher
than wide. Legs with the tibiae and tarsi clothed with short whitish
hairs. Stigma rather angulate below; radial cell on the costa two-
thirds as long as the stigma, the costal vein extending halfway from
its tip to the wing-tip; first section of radius twice as long as the
second, the two together as long as the width of the stigma; third
section twice as long as the width of the stigma and parallel with
the outer edge of the stigma; recurrent nervure interstitial with the
first transverse cubitus; second section of cubitus half as long as the
first; submedian cell longer than the median by almost the length
of the recurrent nervure; second discoidal cell open below and at
apex; all veins obliterated almost entirely beyond the cells. Submedian
cell in hind wing more than half the length of the median.
Type from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1916; paratype
from same place, May 1916.
The ventral surface of the abdomen is convex and fully chiti-
nized, a character suggesting Thaumatotypus and the other genera
recently included in the family Myersiidae althongh this is aslo
true of some male Euphorinae to which Helorimorpha is without
question closely related and next which it was originally placed by
Schmiedeknecht,
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 103
HELORIMORPHA COFFEAE, Sp. nov.
oO. Length 45 mm. Honey yellow or fulvous, the legs lighter ;
antennae black beyond the second joint; wings hyaline, stigma and
veins dilute piceous, except the basal, first section of cubitus, sub-
median and anal which are pale yellowish. Head more than twice
as broad as thick, closely punctured above, confluently so toward
the median line; median frontal line distinct, bifurcate below the
ocelli; face and clypeus shining, very faintly punctate, scarcely
pubescent; malar space half as long as the eye; head behind weakly
separately punctate. Antennae 18-jointed; scape twice as long as
thick, as long as the width of the eye; first flagellar joint nearly
four times as long as thick; following joimts growing shorter and
becoming moniliform, those near apex twice as long as thick. Thorax
areolate as usual. Abdominal petiole long, slender, curved, thickened
well beyond the middle, then narrowed at apex; the spiracle placed
noticeably behind the middle; petiole smooth. Body of abdomen as
in the preceding species, wing venation as in the preceding species,
except that the submedian cell does not exceed the median quite
so much and the second transverse cubitus is evenly developed not
hyaline in the middle as in H. africana.
Two specimens from Kalesto, Kenya Colony (February 1918). The
label indicates that they were bred from coffee and that the species
is probably a fruit-fly parasite. The cocoons, which are mounted
with the specimens, are broadly oval, made of very heavy, dense
white silk and appear rather more roomy than might be expected
from the slender build of the insect.
SUBFAMILY KUPHORINAE.
PERILITUS, Nees.
Cameron has described one South African species of Perilitus and
there are two additional ones in the material at hand.
These may be distinguished as follows:
1. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs in part red; third joint of antennae
nearly as long as the two following together : . ruficollis Cam.
Body black, legs piceous; third and fourth joints of antennae of approxi-
mately equal length . : 2.
2. First abdominal segment suddenly migened at he mone its ahee
prominent; radial cell considerably shorter than the outer side of the
cubito discoidal cell ‘ : . latus sp. nov.
First abdominal segment gradually aie its spiracles not prominent;
radial cell as long as the outer side of the cubito-discoidal cell
angustus sp. nov.
104 Annals of the South African Museum.
PERILITUS LATUS, Sp. Nov.
oO. Length 4 mm. Black; head just behind the eyes above and
on the cheeks rufous; scape of antennae fuscous; tegulae and legs
beyond the middle of the femora reddish brown; second segment
of abdomen piceous; wings hyaline, stigma fuscous, veins somewhat
lighter. Head seen from above twice as broad as long, full just
behind the eyes, then suddenly narrowed to the posterior margin;
front and vertex shining; ocelli in a low triangle, paired ones
further from one another than from the eye; malar space as long
as the basal width of the mandible, with a deep furrow. Antennal
scape very short, less than half longer than broad; pedicel globular;
first flagellar joint as long as the scape and pedicel together, three
times as long as thick and no longer than the following joint; those
beyond decreasing in length, but not rapidly so till far beyond the
middle of the flagellum. Mesonotum convex, polished; parapsidal
furrows finely crenulate; middle lobe smooth in front where it
bears a median depression, behind rather coarsely reticulate ;, with
a fine median carina; scutellar impression broad and deep, coarsely
longitudinally fluted; scutellum strongly convex, shining. Propodeum
evenly convex, uniformly closely rugose. Propleura smooth above,
irregularly punctate below; mesopleura with a punctate area ante-
riorly above and a punctate space below; metapleura finely rugose-
punctate, more or less smooth above. Abdominal petiole one-third —
longer than the propodeum, suddenly widened near the spiracles,
the post-petiole nearly as wide as long; spiracles forming very
distinct, small tubercles; surface longitudinally aciculate, with the
base medially and the posterior half of the post-petiole smooth;
second segment as long as the petiole. Wings with the stigma less
than three times as long as wide, as long as the radial cell which
is somewhat shorter than usual; submedian cell longer than the
median by about the length of the nervulus.
Type from East London (R. M. Lightfoot), July 1914.
PERILITUS ANGUSTUS, Sp. Nov.
oO. Length 3 mm. Black, the legs piceous, with the tibiae tinged
with rufous; the head brownish yellow below. Head two and one-
half times as wide as thick when seen from above; full behind the
eyes and narrowed, although not very strongly so, to the posterior
margin; head smooth and polished above, clothed, as is the rest of
the body with rather conspicuous pale hairs; ocelli in a low triangle,
the posterior pair considerably further from the eye than from one
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 105
another; malar space as long as the basal width of the mandible,
with an indistinctly impressed furrow; antennae as in the preceding
species; mesonotum with the median lobe weakly punctate-striate
anteriorly, finely reticulate-punctate behind, but with the posterior
margin smooth; lateral lobes smooth, with some small obsolete
punctures around the sides; parapsidal furrows finely crenulate; no
median impression. Basal scutellar impression deep, arcuate, irre-
eularly fluted; scutellum highly convex, shining, Propodeum convex
above and on the sides, the posterior slope broadly excavated me-
dially; dorsal portion separated from the sides by a well-marked
longitudinal carina outside of which is a second short carina extend-
ing upwards from the base of the hind coxa, surface elsewhere
finely rugose ‘reticulate. Pro- and mesopleura punctate-rugose, the
former smooth above and the latter medially; metapleura sculptured
like the propodeum. Abdominal petiole as long as the metathorax,
rapidly, but evenly narrowed from just before the middle; spiracles
not dentate nor otherwise prominent; basal half smooth, apical half
somewhat irregularly longitudinally striate; second segment forming
two-thirds of the remainder of the abdomen. Wings with the
stigma about three times as long as wide, as long as the radial
cell, the latter rather long; submedian cell only slightly longer than
the median.
Type from Gt. Winter Hoek, Tulbagh, Cape Province, 3600 ft.
(R. M. Lightfoot), April 1916.
SUBFAMILY CHELONINAE.
CHELONELLA CURVIMACULATA, Cameron.
Ann. 8. Afric. Mus., vol. 5, p. 34 (1906). (Chelonus).
A specimen from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (R. W. Tucker),
May 1917. The antennae are 16-jointed and the species falls in
Szépligeti’s genus Chelonella.
CHELONUS, Jurine.
A number of South African species have been described, but I
am unable satisfactorily to identify the material before me.
ASCOGASTER, Wesmael.
ASCOGASTER BIPUSTULATA, Sp. Nov.
oS. Length 36 mm. Black, with a pair of pale lateral spots at
the base of the abdomen; basal third of antennae, mandibles, four
106 Annals of the South African Museum.
anterior legs, including coxae, posterior trochanters, base of femora
and base of tibiae broadly, dull brown; wings hyaline at base, with
a cloud on the apical half, strongest below the stigma; veins fus-
cous, stigma black; body clothed with glistening pale hair, especially
noticeable on the face, pleurae and legs. Head finely rugose-reticu-
late, more minutely so on the face, forming indications of striae on
the cheeks; clypeus closely punctate. Antennae 31-jointed; first
and second flagellar jomts equal, each nearly as long as the scape
and three times as long as thick, following growing shorter, those
before apex becoming but little longer than wide. Eyes oval, as
wide as the malar space which bears no groove; face convex,
without distinct median carina above; the head nearly twice as
wide as long and distinctly wider than the thorax. Mesonotum
reticulate behind, very finely so in front, without parapsidal furrows.
Scutellum rugose-punctate, its curved basal furrow composed of
elongate, foveate impressions. Propodeum regularly reticulate, the
upper posterior angles produced into acute spines. Pleurae and
sterna punctate reticulate, more coarsely so posteriorly. Abdomen
distinctly reticulate near base, very minutely so apically. Radial
cell, on the costa distinctly shorter than the stigma; third section
of radial vein fully twice as long as the second and meeting it at
but little more than a right angle; first section two-thirds as long
as the second and equal to the second transverse cubitus; first sec-
tion of cubitus sinuate, second curved; recurrent nervure entering
the second cubital cell near its base; first discoidal cell not petio-
late, broad, but nearly parallel, nervulus entering at the basal third ;
nervellus arismg near the lower corner of the cell; radial cell in
hind wing broad at base, evenly narrowed to the tip.
Type from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), Dec. 1916.
This is the first member of the genus to be found in this region.
MINANGA, Cameron.
Ann. 8. Afric. Mus., vol. 5, p. 30. (1906).
I have been able to examine the type of M. serrata, and find
that it is very different from any other Chelonine that I have seen
and distinct I believe from any other known genus. The serrations
at the apex of the abdomen are small and quite conspicuous, being
really due to raised ridges between the reticulate surface of the
abdomen. The peculiarities of Minanga lie not here, but in the
form of the head, thorax and in wing venation which recall in many
respects members of the genus Cardiochiles. The front is slightly
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 107
excavated, the ocelli very large, in a very flat triangle and occupy-
ing most of the space between the frontal excavation and the occi-
put; the clypeus is strongly raised with very large foveae at the
sides above. The radial cell extends halfway from the stigma to
the tip of the wing, the second section of the radius parallel to the
costa, the third weakly bent inward at the base and sinuate at
apex; the submedian cell in the hind wing is large and broad, more
than half as long as the median.
PACHYCHELONUS, gen. nov.
Rather large for the subfamily. Head very broad and deeply
excavated behind; eyes very small, oval, bare; front scarcely im-
pressed above the antennae, antennae with more than 30 joints,
tapering, the scape elongate; clypeus produced medially into an
acute lobe; Mesonotum with deep, broad parapsidal furrows, widely
separated behind; scutellum elevated into an acute tubercle, with a
deep, striate furrow at base. Propodeum short, coarsely reticulated,
posterior angles acutely produced, the spiracle small, circular. Meso-
pleura simple, convex. Abdomen short and broad, with three very
indistinctly indicated segments; tip simple, rounded, venter concave.
Legs stout, hind femora and tibiae swollen apically; tarsal claws
pectinate, with three or four long slender teeth within. Wings
with the basal vein thickened toward the costa, passing gradually
into the parastigma; all cubital and discoidal cells separated; anal
cell with a cross-vein, median and anal veins very much broadened
basally; anal area broader than usual, with a vein-like thickening
along its edge; radial cell of hind wing contracted at the middle.
Type P. fulviventris sp. nov.
This most remarkable insect differs from any of the known Che-
loninaeé in one or more of the following particulars; notably the
tuberculate scutellum, thickened veins, anal cross vein, thickened
edge to anal area in wing, acutely produced clypeus and pectinate
tarsal claws.
PACHYCHELONUS FULVIVENTRIS, Sp. Nov.
o. Length 85 mm. Deep black, the entire abdomen and hind
legs, including coxae, fulvous or light honey yellow; wings black,
with a hyaline streak below the base of stigma, a less pronounced
light spot near the base of the radial cell and a hyaline dot at the
middle of the second transverse cubitus. Head considerably widened
behind the eyes, the occiput arcuately emarginate; marginal line on
108 Annals of the South African Museum.
temples and cheeks strong; malar space as long as the width of the
eye; face and clypeus irregularly and closely punctate; head behind
the eye, and above, with a few minute punctures, shining; face
with a short, median raised line below the antennae; ocelli very
close together, the front below them with irregular curved striae.
Antennal scape fully twice as long as thick; first flagellar joint
nearly three times as long as thick, joints beyond growing gradually
shorter and more slender, the tips very thin. Mesonotum smooth
and shining with a few minute scattered punctures and with a
coarsely reticulated area next to the tegula; parapsidal furrows wide
and deep, coarsely foveate. Scutellum with a few large punctures,
groove at base coarsely striated, the depressed sides with several
deep more or less longitudinal grooves separated by raised lines.
Reticulations of propodeum very coarse and irregular. Propleurae
coarsely and irregularly striate-reticulate. Mesopleura similarly, but
more finely sculptured, and with punctures intermixed; smooth
below; along the posterior edge with a coarsely transversely striated
furrow. Metapleura reticulate, no subspiracular furrow. Abdomen
barely as long as the head and thorax, oval, slightly more than
twice as long as wide and as broad as the thorax, divided by faint
transverse furrows into three segments of which the first and second
are of equal length and the third half longer than the other two
combined. First segment not much narrowed basally, one-third
wider than long, with a weak cara on each side extending from
near the anterior angle straight back to the hind margin; surface
slightly concave basally between the carinae; finely and somewhat
irregularly longitudinally striate, as are the following segments;
second segment widest at tip, half as long as wide; third broadly
rounded at apex; lateral and apical margins of abdomen bent under
and with a distinct rim. Submedian cell longer than the median
by half the length of the oblique nervulus; first discoidal cell with
a long petiole above, very long and with the sides nearly parallel;
radial cell on the costa as long as the narrow, elongate stigma;
second section considerably longer than the first; third half longer
than the other two together; first transverse cubital vein very oblique,
second distinctly longer than the second section of the radius, the
second cubital cell with the upper and lower margins parallel;
recurrent nervure entering the extreme tip of the first cubital cell;
nervellus arising near the lower third of the second discoidal cell;
submedian cell in hind wing half as long as the median.
Type from Pemba, Northern Rhodesia. (Father’ Casset), 1918.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 109
TRIGASTROTHECA, Cameron.
Ann. 8. Afric. Mus., vol. 5, p. 32 (1906).
From the description it is difficult to believe that this insect
belongs to the Cheloninae in which it is placed. The long radial cell,
distinctly segmented abdomen, interstitial nervulus and long ovipositor
seem out of place here and quite likely Tvigastrotheca may be
related to the Braconine genera Odontogaster, Caelodontus, etc.
GASTROTHECA, Gueérin.
This genus does not belong to the Cheloninae where it has
been placed. It will be found on a previous page in the subfamily
Braconinae.
SUBFAMILY SIGALPHINAE.
SIGALPHUS, Latreille.
One South African species has already been described by Szépligeti,
parasitic on Dacus oleae in the Transvaal. A second species is in the
present collection.
The two may be distinguished .as follows:
1. Legs, almost entirely, and tegulae reddish yellow; front smooth
S. dacr Szép.
Legs, except knees, and tegulae black or piceous; front sculptured
S. simplicifrons sp. noy.
SIGALPHUS SIMPLICIFRONS, Sp. Nov.
Q. Length 3 mm. Black; clypeus and mandibles, except tips,
rufoferruginous; tips of all femora and basal third of tibiae yellowish
brown. Wings hyaline, the stigma black, veins piceous. Head fully
twice as wide as thick; temples somewhat bulging behind the eyes,
then rapidly narrowed to the carina, as broad as the eye-width;
ocellar space not elevated, bounded by a weakly impressed line;
the posterior ocelli separated by an impressed line; occiput smooth,
vertex with some small punctures at the side of the ocelli; front
punctate at the sides, the antennal cavities rugose except near the
outer edge; face confluently punctate, with a patch of short vertical
striae just outside the large clypeal foveae; clypeus with a few large
punctures, Malar space one-third as long as the eye, with a broad,
110 Annals of the South African Museum.
very shallow, furrow; eyes elongate-oval; cheeks shining and nearly
impunctate. Antennae 21-jointed, scape short and slender, as long
as the first flagellar joint which is distinctly shorter than the second;
third and succeeding rapidly growing shorter, the apical joints sub-
moniliform. Mesonotum as broad as long, strongly trilobed, the
lateral lobes very convex; parapsidal furrows deeply impressed, finely
crenulate, meeting just before the scutellum; lateral lobes smooth,
middle one weakly punctate except in front. Scutellar furrow very
broad and deep, coarsely transversely striated or fluted, bounded at
the sides by a carina; scutellum highly convex, smooth. Propodeum
rugose or minutely reticulate, upper angles produced into blunt
teeth. Propleurae smooth above, indistinctly striate below, the pos-
terior margin with a crenate line, the median furrow also coarsely
transversely striate. Mesopleura with a highly convex area extending
nearly vertically from below to near the upper edge, next which
there is a horizontal elevation below the tegula; between these and
also at the lower anterior corner is a punctate space; hind margin
with a crenate line before which is a foveate impression near the
middle; metapleura reticulate, with a crenate line anteriorly. Hind
coxae produced below, but not toothed. Abdomen as long as the
thorax, oval, broadest behind, the surface with very shallow, minute
reticulation which tends to assume a longitudinal direction; sutures
between first, second and third segments faintly indicated at the
sides; apex flattened and slightly concave just above the ovipositor.
Ovipositor as long as the abdomen, its sheaths sparsely hairy. Radial
cell short, no longer than the stigma, strongly curved below, closed,
the costal vein extending well beyond it; first discoidal cell sessile
above; recurrent nervure entering the cubital cell far before its tip,
parallel with the transverse cubitus; cubital vein extending a short
distance beyond the cell; submedian cell slightly longer than the
median; third discoidal cell open at tip; nervellus very short.
Type from Junction of Crocodile and Marico Rivers, Transvaal
(R. W. Tucker) February, 1918.
This seems to be a typical Sigalphus, although undoubtedly not
congeneric with many of the forms that have been placed in this
genus. It differs from Fersteria nitida Cameron described from the
Transvaal by the absence of longitudinal sculpture on the metanotum
and abdomen and by the extension of the cubital vein beyond the
cell. With S. daci it is evidently closely allied.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 111
Famity ALYSIDAE.
IDIASTA, Forst.
COELALYSIA, Cam.
COELALYSIA LUSORIAE, (Bridwell).
Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 176. (1919) (Alysia).
Q. Length 5°5 mm.; ovipositor as long as the body. Ferruginous,
with the apex of the abdomen yellowish; flagellum of antennae
piceous, with a pale annulus near apex; hind tibiae and tarsi piceous ;
wings hyaline, stigma and venation piceous. Head twice as wide
as thick, broader behind the eyes; the temples as deep as the eyes,
rounded behind; occiput very deeply emarginate; vertex with a fine
impressed median line from the ocelli to the posterior foramen;
ocelli rather large, very close together, separated by only their own
diameter; head, except face, smooth and polished. Face elevated
medially, depressed on each side with a rugulose-reticulate area,
which however, does not reach the eye margin; at the center with
a still furtner elevated tubercle; antennae on short tubercles; clypeus
narrow, optisely pointed at apex, Mandibles rather suddenly ex-
panded at tips, with only three distinct teeth. Eyes small, round;
malar space extremely short. Antennae 52-jointed, joints 18-23 light
yellow; scape short oval; second flagellar joint one-third longer than
the first; third almost as long as the second; following becoming
much shorter, those at the annulus scarcely twice as long as thick.
Mesonotum shining, not very convex; middle lobe elevated, especially
in front; parapsidal furrows deep, crenulate, closer together than
usual, behind the middle fusing to form a deep triangular impression
with striate edges, just before the scutellum. Scutellum separated
at the base by a wide, striated furrow divided by a median carina;
its dise quadrangular, narrowed behind. Propodeum very coarsely
reticulated posteriorly, but without distinct areolation; base smooth
for a space on each side of the middle. Mesopleura below with a
broad, horizontal, cross-striated impression and with another in front
above, which cuts off the anterior angle; behind, with a small round
impression opposite to a similar one on the metapleura. Abdomen
rather narrow, sessile. First segment less than twice as long as
broad at apex which is half wider than the base; spiracles slightly
prominent, just before the middle; its surface finely longitudinally
striate on the somewhat raised median lobe; coarsely striate lateraily ;
following segments smooth and polished, the sutures scarcely distin-
412 Annals of the South African Museum.
guishable, the second, third and fourth segments of about equal
length. Legs as usual. Transverse median vein entering the first
discoidal cell at its basal fourth; parallel vein almost interstitial;
recurrent nervure entering the second cubital cell near its base;
stigma nearly four times as long as wide, emitting the radial vein
at its apical third; second section of radius three times as long as
the first and less than half as long as the third, about as long as
the first transverse cubitus and one half longer than the second;
submedian cell in hind wing two-fifths as long as the median.
I had already described this species in manuscript from two
specimens, one labelled “bred from Musca lusoria Wied., Cape Town.”
and another from Cape Town, 1915, (Péringuey), when I received
Bridwell’s paper. The species resembles somewhat Alysia goniarcha
Cameron, from the Belgian Congo.
Bridwell reared it from the same host near Cape Town.
HERATREMIS, Walker.
HERATREMIS LONGICORNIS, sp. nov.
Q. Length 42 mm.; antennae 8 mm.; hind leg 6 mm. _ Black,
prothorax in front, sides of mesonotum, parapsidal furrows, tegulae
and mandibles honey yellow or brownish; legs, including coxae
testaceous; all tarsi black; hind tibiae and tips of four posterior
femora piceous; antennae brownish yellow to near middle, black
beyond, with a subapical white annulus; wings hyaline, stigma and
venation fuscous. Head somewhat wider than the thorax, twice as
broad as thick; ocelli large, close together on a tubercle; occiput
deeply excavated medially; vertex and front smooth and _ polished;
each antenna on a slight projection which is bordered above by a
crenate line; face convex, deeply punctate with a shght median ridge
above; one-half wider than high; clypeus deeply punctate, sharply
separated from the face; nearly as long as broad. Eyes nearly round;
malar space extremely short. Mandibles much expanded toward
tips, with four teeth. Head behind immargined. Antennae with more
than 41 joints (tips broken); joints 28-33 white; scape rather long,
obovate; joints one and two of flagellum each about as long as the
eye-height, the second a trifle longer than the first; following gra-
dually decreasing in length, but all more than twice as long as thick.
Mesonotum smooth, with deep parapsidal furrows which curve toward
one another behind and meet before the scutellum; middle lobe
strongly elevated. Scutellum with a large depression at base bearing
a median carina; its disc convex, no longer, and much narrower
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 113
than the basal depression; postscutellum forming a transverse band
with a deeply striate or crenulate groove. Propodeum declivous
behind, incompletely areolated; with a median carina on basal half,
furcate behind and extending to form the slightly dentate propodeal
‘angles, and forming the anterior angle of an elongate pentagonal
superomedian area that extends nearly to the tip of the propodeum ;
a complete large postero-lateral area and an anterior one, open in
front; subspiracular sulcus broad. Abdomen petiolate; petiole three
times as long as broad at apex; slightly contracted from base to the
spiracles which are near basal third and inconspicuous, then gradually
expanded to tip; its upper surface closely longitudinally striated;
remainder of abdomen elongate-ovate, second segment as long as the
first, twice as broad at apex as at base and one half longer than
wide at tip; its surface shining, but roughly wrinkled or reticulate;
third and fourth segments each about half as long as the second,
smooth. Venter pale brown, ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen.
Legs, including hind coxae, excessively long and slender; hind femora
extending beyond the apex of abdomen, gradually clavate toward
tips, their tibiae one half longer than the femora and very slender,
their tarsi nearly as long as the tibiae; claws slender, simple. Meso-
pleura smooth, with a reticulate impression separating the pectus
and extending narrowly upwards near the anterior margin halfway
to the tegula; also with two small deep impressions near the hind
margin, one near the root of the hind wing and the other midway
between it and the hind coxae; metapleura with a similar impression
just behind the lower mesopleural one. Wings with the stigma
elongate, as broad as the tip of the second cubital cell, emitting the
radius before its apical third; first section of the latter very short,
not equalling the width of the stigma; second section four times as
long as the first; third nearly twice as long as the other two together ;
transverse median vein received at the basal third of the first dis-
coidal cell, the latter with a short petiole above; recurrent nervure
little shorter than the basal vein, interstitial with the first transverse
cubitus; second cubital cell shghtly narrowed apically, the second
transverse cubitus half as long as the second section of the radius;
parallel vein nearly interstitial; submedian cell in hind wing one-
third as long as the median.
Type from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones), April 1916.
This insect has the longest antennae and legs of any parasitic
Hymenopteron that I have ever seen, and it is in great part on these
peculiarities that I have referred it to Walker’s genus Heratremis
known by the type species from Ceylon. Owing to its imperfect
8
414 Annals of the South African Museum.
characterization no attempts have been made to locate it and the
present species may of course be a quite different insect, for many
Alysiidae have the antennae very much elongated.
Famity PLUMARIIDAE = (KONOWIELLIDAE),.
This family was characterized in 1914 by Bischoff to include a
genus of South American Hymenoptera of doubtful affinities. Bischoff
described the type Konowiella andrei as a new genus and new spe-
cies. At about the same time I received some peculiar Hymenoptera
from Argentina and Peru which I was unable to associate with any
known genus, until Mr. 8. A. Rohwer called my attention to the
genus Plumarius of Philippi described in 1873 (Stettiner Ent. Zeit.,
vol. 34, p. 299) as an Evaniid. An examination of Philippi’s deserip-
tion and figure at once revealed the fact that my insects were
closely related, although quite probably generically distinct. They
are also very evidently to be placed close to Konowiella, although If
cannot be sure whether one or several genera should be recognized
in Plumarius, Konowiella and my own series. On account of the
form of the radial cell Szépligeti (Gen. Insectorum, fasc. 22, p. 118
(1904) ) has been misled concerning Plumarius which he places in
the subfamily Agathidinae of the Braconidae, and regards as proba-
bly identical with Neonewrus Haliday. Since then Morley, (Ent.
Monthly Mag., vol. 25, p. 93 (1914)) has shown that Neoneurus is
identical with Elasmosoma Ruthe, an anomalus Braconid usually
classed as one of the Microgastrinae. There can be no doubt that
Plumarius, Konowiella and its allies have no close affinities with
Elasmosoma (at least the American species probably belonging to
Elasmosoma) or with any other Braconidae and it appears that the
family Plumartidae is a valid one, probably most closely related, as
Prof. J. C. Bradley has suggested to me, to the Zhynnidae. In a
later number of the Entomologische Rundschau for the same year
(unfortunately not received till after the war) Bischoff described the
genus Myrmecopterina, related to Plumarius, from South Africa. Still
later, Enderlein proposed the generic name Arvchihymen and the family
Archihymenidae for the African insect, and this must fall into the
synonomy.
With this in mind, I was greatly surprised to find in the present
material an undoubted Plumariid from South Africa. This appears
to be distinct from the South American forms, and to be identical
with Myrmecopterina.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 4145
MYRMECOPTERINA, Bischoff.
Entom. Rundschau, Jahrg. 34, no. 12, p. 67 (1914).
Enderlein, Fauna Siidwest-Afrika, p. 1495 (1918). Archihymen.
Head not very strongly transverse: including the eyes, twice or
less than twice as broad as thick; ocelli large or moderate; eyes not
very strongly projecting, oval, extending almost to the base of the
mandibles; clypeus short and broad; head not striate nor punctate;
antennae inserted not far above the clypeus, 13-jointed, pedicel and
flagellum clothed with short, stiff white hairs, about as long as the
thickness of the antennal joints. Mesonotum with weakly impressed,
fine parapsidal furrows and faintly trilobed in front; at the sides
with a fine grooved line extending forward from carinae at the sides
of the basal scutellar groove, and fading out anteriorly; scutellum
moderately convex, without carinae or grooves laterally, except at
extreme base where the broad basal groove is limited at each side
by a carina. Propodeum gently declivous behind, not areolate, as
long as the mesonotum. Abdomen elongate oval, sessile, with six
visible, nearly equal segments, terminated at tip by a short horizontal
thin plate with rounded apex; claspers elongate triangular, not con-
spicuous, as long as the dorsal plate. Wings with the second cubital
cell very much reduced in size; first discoidal cell almost as high as
long; hind wing with three closed basal cells. Legs slender; tibial
spurs rather weak.
Type M. filicornis Bisch.
This genus differs most strikingly from the South American mem-
bers of the family in the form of the head, less prominent, longer
eyes, shorter antennal vestiture and small second cubital cell.
The two species may be separated as follows.
Ocelli larger, separated from the eye by their own diameter; second cubital
cell larger, half as long as the height of the first cubital cell; upper section
of basal vein one-third as long as the lower. ‘ filwcornis, Bischoff.
Ocelli smaller, separated from the eye by twice their own diameter; second
cubital cell smaller, one third as long as the height of the first cubital
cell; upper section of basal vein one half as long as the lower
minor, 8p. NOY.
MYRMECOPTERINA FILICORNIS, Bischoff.
Entom. Rundschau, Jahrb. 31, p. 68, 1914.
Enderlein, Fauna Siidwest-Afrikas p. 195 (1918) (Archihymen).
Oo. Length4mm. Black, varied with piceous and brownish yellow.
Head pro- and mesothorax, including pleura, black; antennae at base,
116 Annals of the South African Museum.
thorax at sides of scutellum and more or less of propodeum, piceous;
abdomen black, with piceous apices to the basal segments and with
apex dull fuscous; legs beyond the base of coxae, dull yellowish brown,
the four anterior femora more or less infuscated; wings hyaline,
venation dull yellowish brown, stigma somewhat darker. Head seen
from above widest behind the eyes, then very obliquely and sharply
narrowed to the margined foramen; its width (exclusive of eyes)
distinctly, but not greatly exceeding its length; including the eyes,
one-half wider than long; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the post-
erior ones distinctly turned toward the side and bounded laterally
by a deep groove as long as the ocellus, separated from the eye by
their own diameter and from each other by a distance one-half greater ;
head above and front, smooth and polished; clypeus not sculptured,
nearly truncate at apex; malar space practically wanting. First joint
of antennae twice as long as thick; second distinctly shorter and
nearly three times as long as thick; third to eighth joints subequal,
growing more slender, each about as long as the first and second
together; following growing shorter and thinner; second and following
joints clothed with sparse, stiff, white bristles about as long as the
diameter of the joits. Prothorax, including pleurae, dull, alutaceous.
Mesonotum and scutellum highly polished, smooth, except for a trace
of shagreened sculpture on the outer declivous part of the middle
lobe. Parapsidal furrows very finely impressed, but distinctly present,
fading out before the scutellum; the latter with a broad, straight
impressed groove at base, the surface of the groove minutely rough-
ened. Propodeum smooth, gently convex. First abdominal segment
one-half longer than the second, which is slightly shorter than the third;
apical plate brown, transparent, sharply rounded at tip. First and
second sections of radius about equal, second distinctly longer; section
of basal vein above the cubitus but little curved, nearly perpen-
dicular to the subcostal vein; lower part strongly curved, three times
as long as the upper; areolet with a short stalk toward the recur-
rent nervure and a longer one toward the radius, half as long as
the apex of the first cubital cell, its lower outer side curved.
Description drawn from a specimen from Jackal’s Water, Bush-
manland (R. M. Lightfoot), October 1911.
Bischoff’s type was from Windhuk, South West Africa.
MYRMECOPTERINA MINOR, Sp. nov.
o. Length 3 mm. Black; base of antennae fusco-piceous; upper
part of propleura, spot at sides of scutellum and at extreme sides of
base of first segment of abdomen, dark brown; legs dull, dark brown,
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 117
the tibiae lighter than the femora. Wings hyaline, venation piceous
basally, becoming testaceous on apical half; stigma dilute piceous.
Form and sculpture of head as in the previous species, except that
viewed from above it is about twice as wide as long when the
protuberant eyes are included; ocelli much smaller than in filicornis,
in a nearly equilateral triangle, the posterior ones removed from the
eye by nearly twice their diameter and from one another by nearly
three times their diameter. Front with a fine impressed line just
below the median ocellus; clypeus broadly arcuate on margin; malar
space very short. Antennae as in the previous species. Mesonotum
shagreened on the middle lobe anteriorly, with a few shallow punc-
tures intermixed; parapsidal furrows very clearly impressed and
extending to the base of the scutellum. Propodeum and abdomen
as in the preceding species; apical plate of abdomen transparent,
pale yellow. Upper section of basal vein bent into the cubital cell,
nearly half as long as the lower section which is curved in an op-
posite direction; first and second sections of radius about equal, third
longer; second cubital cell very small, sub-triangular, with a short
stalk at base and a long one, equal to the length of the cell, above
toward the radius.
Type from Vryburg, Cape Colony (J. S. Brown), 1917.
Although very similar to M. filicornis in color and appearance, this
species is undoubtedly distinct. Unfortunately it is represented by
only a single specimen.
A.
afra @reserania) A
africanus (Odontaulacus) .
appendigaster (Hvania)
B.
bidentata (Brachygaster) .
Brachygaster Leach .
C.
crassiventre (Gasteruption) .
E.
Evania Fabr..
EVANIIDAE.
ine
flavonotatum (Gasteruption).
fossatum (Gasteruption) .
fulyospina (Evania) 3
fuscipenne (Gasteruption).
A.
Acanthobracon Szepl. .
aciculatus (Pambolus) .
aethiopicus (Iphiaulax)
africana (Helorimorpha) .
africanus (Pseudobracon).
africanum (Gyroneuron) .
INDEX.
EVANIIDAE.
PAGE |
G.
10 | Gasteruption Latr. .
2
8 J.
johannis (Gasteruption)
10 O.
10
Odontaulacus Kieff..
iP
6
pedicellatus (Trichofoenus) .
peringueyi (Evania) . .
peringueyi (Gasteruption)
8 | Prosevania Kieff. :
2 | pulchripenne (Gasteruption).
R.
4 | rufiscapa (Evania) .
6
9 AN,
4
Trichofoenus Kieff. .
BRACONIDAE.
PAGE
AGATHIDINAE. .
amplificata (Chacilta) . :
79 | angustifrons (Cardiochiles) .
17 | angustus (Perilitus). :
61 | annulicornis (Microbracon) .
101 | Archibracon Sauss. .
77 | Ascogaster Wesm. .
82 | aurora (Iphiaulax) .
PAGE
120 Annals of the South African Museum.
PAGE
B.
Bacuma Cam.. . ey ee ea)
basimacula (Iphiaulax) SRE eG
bellona (Iphiaulax). . . . . . 652
loicallor (Game mEr) 4 5 oo « 6 Gl
bicostatus (Iphiaulax)... . . . 68
bipustulata (Ascogaster). . . . 105
bipustulatus (Microdus) . . : . 86
Biracong (UC) meee) ceo
iBraconellassoze planar an eneer ere
J VACORODINI 2 6 te 6 6) Ss oe — 1
BRIA CONINATS centage saa rae eS
Braunsia Kinechibsss es 0 sees a n8S
C.
Caenoprymnus Cam. . . .. . 69
calviniae (Platybracon) . . . . 68
cameroni (Archibracon) . . . . 78
canaliculatus (Exothecus). . . . 17
capensis (Hormiopterus). . . . 15
capensis (Iphiaulax) . . . . . 63
CaxdiochilesNeestu=5 0 2) een aoe
CARDIOCHIGINAE,. ss iges ens noe
ceres'\(Microbracon). . . 2. . . 31
Chaoiltas Cams) 2 iaee ee OO
Chelonella Szepl.. = . . = . . 105
CHELONINAE . isl ope me al OO)
Chelonogastra gh. sce ak) gre
Chelonus Panz. . . sa do eaye eed (0)5)
coffeae (Helorimor pha). nt Rls
coccinea (Rhytimorpha) . . . . 71
coccineus (Iphiaulax). . . . . 64
Cremnops: (auch; ene. eee enone
Curriea Ashm. . . . Pees et asa)
curticornis (Microbracon). St M9226
curvimaculata (Chelonella) . . . 105
D.
dacia(Sigalphus)-s- sess 09
decorus (Iphiaulax)... 2 2 2) 2 162
dentatus (Spathiohormius) . . . 14
diana (iphianlax)s 5 ot
dichroa (Disophrys). . . . . . 86
Disophrys Oreste) sees 8 ee eos
dadsis (iphianilax)i yep eee GS
DoRYCTINAE . . Si om Seo (hs)
Doryctocephalus Cains iy eg ens
12-fasciatus (Iphiaulax) a 6G) fo) GR)
durbanensis (onal) Sern cee bea Ol:
E.
elongatula (Chelonogastra) . . . 7
erythrostomus (Platybracon) . . 68
erythrothorax (Ogmophasmus). . 11
Euagathis Szepl. . . . . . . 86
EUPHORINAE Hs scenes oho veg 108)
Euurobracon Ashm.
excelsa (Braunsia) .
EXOTHECINAE.
F.
fenestrata (Braunsia) .
fenestratus (Mesobracon) .
flaviceps (Exothecus)
flavomaculata (Curriea) .
fossatus (Cardiochiles) .
fulviventris (Pachychelonus) -
fumipennis (Bacuma) .
fumipennis (Vipio) .
G.
Gastrotheca Guer.
Gyroneuron Kok.
H.
havilandi (Iphiaulax) . 3
Helorimorpha Schmiedekn. .
HELORIMORPHINAE .
hesper (Iphiaulax) .
hieroglyphicus (Microbracon)
HorMIINAE. :
Hormiopterus. Girand..
li
incisus (Iphiaulax) .
Iphiaulax Forst. .
iphigenia (Iphiaulax) .
iridipennis eee)
iris (Iphiaulax) .
Us
jonesii (Microbracon) i
juno (Iphiaulax).
K.
krebsii (Iphiaulax) .
L.
laeviceps (Spathius) :
latifasciatus (Microbracon) .
latifrons (Cardiochiles).
latitobatus (Schiztobracon)
lativentris (Iphiaulax).
latus (Perilitus) .
levissumus (Iphiaulax).
longicornis (Odesia).
longicoxis (Iphiaulax).
longipennis (Cardiochiles)
lucina (Iphiaulax) .
63
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera.
PAGE
lugens (Iphiaulax). : . . =. . 641
lutea (Disophrys)) 9% 5.9. 4 2, 9 86
M.
maculifrons (Iphiaulax) . . . . 63
maculiventris (Bacuma) . . . . 72
mandibularis (Huurobracon). . . 34
martini (phiaulax) {-.. = 2. Gil
Megalommum Szepl. . . . . 2 “Wl
melanocephalus (Rhogas). . . . 80
melanocerus (Rhogas). . . . . 80
melanospilus (Rhogas). . . . . 80
IMesobracone Szeplya = 2 =, 28
Microbracon Ashm. ... . 18, 19
mimetica (Braunsia) . . . . . 88
Winmancae Camano eee a) 06
minerva (Iphiaulax) . .. . . 50
mmone(Microbracon)-s 42. 9. 5 19
minor (Odontogaster). . . . . 70
minyas (Iphiaulax), . .. . .. 48
monitor-(Microbracon) ... . . 32
N.
natalensis (Disophrys). . . . . 86
nataliensis (Iphiaulax). . . . . 61
Neotrimorus Dalla Torre. . . . 79
nigridorsis (Iphiaulax) . . . : 63
nitidula (Plaxopsis). . ... . . 64
nitidus (Cardiochiles). . . . . 96
O.
obsolescens Conners) Se ey Ie OL
Odesia Cam. . sea are es
Odontogaster Szepl. Son. Nie oR eS EHOO
Ogsmophasmus Had.) 2 3. 2... iil
orbiculata (Chelonogastra) . . . 75
ornatipennis (Schiztobracon) . . 68
Ee
Pachychelonus Brues . pee LOG
IPAMBOLINAB pee mae ds
ambolus Halide 20 sie) een 5 l7,
pandora (Iphiaulax) < . .%. . 57
pectoralis (Iphiaulax). . . . . 64
pedalis) (Misophrys).- . 2 4. 73%. 85
Perilitus Nees. . Aeoate Testes OS,
phosphor (Iphiaulax) . By eine aie
pictipennis (Rhogas) . . . . . 80
piecturata (Disophrys). . .. . 84
planinotus (Platybracon) . SOS
Platybracon Szepl.. . obo | Bs
platynotus (Platy bracon). Seater OS
Plaxopsis Szepl.. . aa tae eee
plurimaculata (Iphiaulax) . ne, 62
postfurcalis (Microbracon) . . . 28
praeceptor (Microbracon). . . . 30
pretoriaensis (Iphiaulax) .
proserpina (Iphiaulax)
Pseudobracon Szepl.
R.
rhadamanthus Cea. 3
RHOGADINAE . Bee
Rhogas Nees .
Fhopalospathius .
Rhytimorpha Szepl.
robustus (Iphiaulax)
rosa (Iphiaulax). ;
rotundula (Chelonogastza)
ruber (Iphiaulax)
rubiginator (Iphiaulax)
rufa (Bacuma) :
ruficollis (Perilitus).
rufa (Helorimorpha)
rufus (Xenolobus)
S.
Schiztobracon Cam.
sectator (Microbracon) .
serrata (Minanga) .
servillei (Archibracon).
SIGALPHINAE .
Sigalphus tatr. .
signatus (Iphiaulax)
similis (Iphiaulax) . .
simplicifrons (Sigalphus).
SPATHIINAE :
Spathiohormius End.
Spathius Nees
spilonotus (Iphiaulax).
spinosa Ce)
Stephaniscinae ;
Stictometeorus Cam. .
strennuus Cone :
striata (Curriea) .
striaticeps (Spathius) .
striatus (Cardiochiles) .
striatus (Merinotus)
T
tegularis (Cardiochiles)
tegularis (Iphiaulax)
terebrator (Euagathis).
thisbe (Iphiaulax) .
tibialis (Exothecus) .
Trachybracon Szepl.
Trichiobracon Cam.
Trichodoryctes Szepl. .
Tricoelopyge Roman
Trigastrotheca Cam.
triment (Iphiaulax).
Trimorus Kriechb. .
tuckeri (Microbracon) .
122 Annals of the South African Museum.
U.
uniformis (Odontogaster).
AYE
varitinctus (Iphiaulax)
vesta (Iphiaulax)
Vipio Latr.
W.
whitei (Iphiaulax) .
PAGE
70
X.
Xanthomicrodus Cam.. .
xanthopterus (Iphiaulax).
xanthostomus (Iphiaulax)
Xenolobus Cam.. 5
Z.
Zombrus Andre .
zululandensis (Cremnops).
zuluorum (Microbracon) .
CATALOGUE OF SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES.
Famity EVANIIDAE.
AULACUS, Jurine.
Nouy. Meth. Class. Hymén., p. 89 (1807).
thoracicus Westwood . : : Cape Province.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., roll Uj 4% 537 (1842),
ODONTAULACUS, Kieffer.
André, Hymén. Eur. Alg., vol. 7bis, p. 382 (1903).
africanus Brues . : E : : . Ceres Distr. Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 2.
GASTERUPTION, Latreille.
Préc. Charac., p. 113 (1796).
bicolor Kieffer . : : . South Africa.
Ann. Soc. Ent. Weances voll 80, p. 213 (1911).
caffrarvum Schletterer . : Cape Province.
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges., Wien vol. 35, p. 288 (1885).
capense Guérin . : ; é Cape Province.
Iconogr. Régne /AssBiing valk 2, Ines p. 405 (1832).
capicola Kieffer . ; Port. Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 3, p- 97 (4911).
claripenne Kieffer : Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 3, p- 98 (1911).
crassiventre Cameron . . Hex River, Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., all 5, p. 23 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 6.
doederleint Kieffer : , Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 3, p- 99 (1911).
dunbrodyense Cameron . ; . Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Ghethemtontm, el 1, p. 159 (1905).
easectum Schletterer ‘ : ‘ Cape Province.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 4, p- 498 (1889).
filicauda Kieffer . : ; . Willowmore, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 3, p- 95 (1911).
124 Annals of the South African Museum.
flavonotatum Kieffer. Barberton, Transvaal; Willowmore, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat., Metz, vol. 3, p. 94 (1911).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 4.
fossatum Brues . : ; : 3 : Zululand.
Ann. South fread Mus., rol LO; eps 6:
fuloiwagina Kieffer : A : : Natal; Caffraria.
Arkiv Zool., vol. 1, p. 555 (1904).
fuscipenne Brues. : : 3 : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., Wl 19, poe
fusciwagina Kieffer : ; Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 3, p- 92 (1911).
glabratum Schletterer . : : Cape Province.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. a p- 439 (1889).
glabratum Schletterer, var. sjostedti Kieffer. : : Cape Province.
Arkiv Zool., vol. 1, p. 553 (1904). :
incisum Kieffer. . : . Willowmore, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Metz, vol. 3, p- 91 (1911).
johannis Cameron ; . Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., wal: Bt p. 24 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 3.
leptocephalum Cameron . : 3 : : : South Africa.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 22 (1906).
hebelt Kieffer. : Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 3, p. 96 ee
lissocephalus Cameron . ; Cape Province.
Entomologist, vol. 38, p. 227 (1905).
maculiceps Cameron. : : f . Cape Town.
Ann. South African ity vol. 6, p. 25 (1906).
marginatum Schletterer . ‘ Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 4, p. 433 (1889).
melanotarsus Kieffer . : . Salisbury, Rhodesia.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, pol 30, p. 199 (1911).
ornatipes Kieffer. : : Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Neate vol. 3, p. 98 (1911).
peringueyt Brues : : ; . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., a 19, p- 5.
pulchripenne Cameron . . . 2 . Hex River, Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 23 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5 8 45
punctulatum Schletterer. 5 Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 4, p- 431 (1889).
robustum Kieffer. é : . Salisbury, Rhodesia.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, al 80, p. 201 (1911).
sanguineum Kieffer : : : : Cape Province.
Arkiy. Zool. vol. 1, p. 553 (1904).
solmsi Kieffer. 3 Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Meta vol. 3, p- 100 ae
sptlopus Cameron : : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African line, vol. 5, p. 27 (1906).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 125
taschenbergi Semenow . : Cape Province.
Bull. Acad. St. Beterehares vol. 3, p. 30 (1892).
tenuicauda Kieffer : 5 . Willowmore, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, vol. 3, p- 96 (1911).
TRICHOFOENUS, Kieffer.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 79, p. 77 (1910).
cultriger Kieffer . : : : ; Cape Province.
Arkiv. Zool., vol. 1, p. 552 (1904).
melanothecus Kieffer. 5 Durban, Natal.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, rol 80, p- 177 (1910).
pedicellatus Brues 6 : : : Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus, ol 19, p- 7
TRIGONOFOENUS, Kieffer.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 80. p. 177 (1910).
zylocopae Kieffer ; . : Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Entom. Renee p. 305 (1911).
EVANIA, Fabricius.
Syst. Entom., p. 345 (1 a
appendigaster Linné . : , . Cosmopolitan.
Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 556 (1858).
Cameron. Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 19, (1906) (peringueyz).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., all OD eeSs
bifida Kieffer. ; : : Transvaal.
Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici malt ap: 108 (1910).
brooma Cameron . : Pearston, Cape Province.
Trans. South Adriean Philos! Soc vol. 16, p- 331 (1906).
capensis Schletterer : Cape Province.
Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. ident voll 36, p. 15 (1886).
ceristatifrons Kieffer ; ‘ ; : Transvaal.
Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, voll 4, p. 105 (1910).
emarginata Kieffer : | . Willowmore, Cape Province.
Bull. Soc. Entom. ence p- 303. (1911).
fulvospina Cameron. : . Cape Town, Transvaal, Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., “ll , p. 21 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus, VOlendich sya:
levigena Kieffer . : é : : . Caffraria; Cape Province.
Arkiv. Zool., vol. 1, p. 547 (1904).
meridionalis Cameron . ; ; : : : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 20 (1906).
peringueyt Cameron = een Linné.
rufiscapa Brues . : : 5 : : Zululand.
Ann. South erienn Mus., “sal 19, p. 9.
126 Annals of the South African Museum.
schoenlandi Cameron. : : . 5 : . Teefontein.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 243 (1905).
PROSEVANIA, Kieffer.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 80, p. 157 (1911).
afra Kieffer. ; Zululand ; Congo.
Ann. Soc. Entom. rance Sol 80, p- 157 (1911).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 10.
PAREVANIA, Kieffer.
Berliner Entom. Zeits., vol. 51, p. 270 Oe
bisulcata Kieffer . : : : . Algoa Bay.
Bull. Soc. Entom. France, p. 304 (1911).
punctatissima Kieffer . : j . Algoa Bay.
Bull. Soc. Entom. TES | p. 304 (1911).
BRACHYGASTER, Leach.
Edinburgh Encyl., vol. 9, p. 142 ee
bidentata Kieffer 5 5 Transvaal; Southern Rhodesia.
Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1911, p- 304.
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 10.
Famity BRACONIDAE.
STEPHANISCUS, Kieffer.
André, Hymén. Eur. Alg., vol. 7bis, p. 478 (1904).
Schlettereriella Szépligeti, Gen. Insect., fase. 22, p. 54 (1905).
oncophorus Schletterer . é 5 : 5 : Cape Province.
Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol. 33, p. 207 (1889) (Stenophasmus).
Szépligeti, Gen. Insect., fasc. 22, p. 54 (1905) (Schlettereriella),
Schulz, Zool. Ann., vol. 4, p. 65 (1911) (Psenobolus).
Enderlein, Arch. Naturg., Jahrg. 78, Abth. A, Heft 2, p. 3 (1912).
OGMOPHASMUS, Enderlein.
Arch. Naturg., Jahrg. 78, Abth. A, Heft 2, p. 4, 13 (1912).
Rhopalospathius Cameron, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belgique, vol. 56, p. 71 (1912).
erythrothorax Cameron . . Zululand.
Ann. Soc. Entom. Bema vol. 56, Pp: 371 (1912) (Rhopatesnieee
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 11.
SPATHIUS, Nees.
Nov. Acta, Acad. Nat. Curios., Halle, vol. 9, p. 301 (1818).
laeviceps Brues . : : : . Eastern Transvaal.
Ann. South Neto Mus., Boll NO Rspamlios
striaticeps Brues. : : : : : 5 : Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 11.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 127
PLATYSPATHIUS, Viereck.
Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 185 (1911).
pictipennis Viereck : : et eke 5 . Lourengo Marquez.
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 185 (1911).
SPATHIOHORMIUS, Enderlein.
Arch. Naturg., Jahrg. 78, Abth. A, Heft 2, p. 19 ae
dentatus Brues . : Zululand.
Ann. South Alitioem Mus., al 19, p- 14,
HORMIOPTERUS, Giraud.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, sér. 4, vol. 9, p. 478 (1869).
capensis Brues . : ; . Cape Town.
Ann. South Nien Mase vol. 19, Pp: 1.
HORMIUS, Nees.
Hymen. Ichneum. Affin. Mon., vol, 1, p. 153 (1834).
testaceus Cameron : é ; é Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., 1911, p- 195.
PAMBOLUS, Haliday.
Ent. Mag., vol. 4, p. 40 (1836).
aciculatus Brues. ast : : : : : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 17.
MICROBRACON, Ashmead.
Bull. Colorado Biol. Assoc., No. 1, p. 15 (1890).
annulicornis Brues : : : . : : 6 Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 20.
beneficientor Viereck. (Habrobracon) . 3 - Lourengo Marquez.
Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 182 (1911).
celer Szépligeti . ‘ . Stellenbosch.
Boll. Lab. Zool. Gent Nase, ortici roll mp: ‘101 (1913).
Silvestri, ibid, vol. 8, p. 122 (1914) ae
ceres Brues . : . Ceres Distr., Cape Province.
Ann. South Aitfer Mus., Pol 19, p: 31.
curticornis Brues : : : : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., “Gel. 19, p. 26.
hieroglyphicus Brues_ . ; : : : Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., lL 19, p. 23.
jones Brues . j ; : : : Zululand.
Ann. South AiR cosa Mus., all 19, p. 24.
latifasciatus Brues , b : ; : : : Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 22.
latilineatus Cameron . Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., eo 30, No. 5, p. 3 (1910) (Bacon)
128 Annals of the South African Museum.
maculwentris Holmgren. ; : Cape Province.
Eugen. Resa., Ins., vol. 2, p. 423 3 (1868) (Bracom
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 114 (1910).
monitor Brues . : : : Cape Province.
Ann. South Aucrean Moa vol. 19, p. 32.
postfurcalis Brues E : ; : : : ; Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 28.
praeceptor Brues ; : j ; } j Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., eon 19, p. 30
propinguus Cameron. : : : 4 : . Delagos Bay.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 5, p. 4 (1910) (Bracon).
sectator Brues . : : 5 ; Durban, Natal.
Ann. South ieiead Mus., aL. 19, p. 33.
sesamiae Cameron : : Cape Province.
Trans. South African Philos! Sor vol. 16, Pp. 334 (1906) (Bracon).
tuckert Brues . , 3 Ss. W. eric
Ann. South Gren Mus., col 19, p- 29,
zuluorum Brues . : : : : A Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus. vol. 19, p. 25.
BRACONELLA, S8zépligeti.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 587 (1906).
minor Szépligeti . , ee Territory; 8. Rhodesia, ealia loveel.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 587 (1906).
Roman, Eut. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. i (1910).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 19.
BRACON.
The species listed under this name are all of very doubtful position and are
included only for the sake of completeness, in the hope that their proper rela-
tionships may before long be made out.
aequitator wied . 3 F : : ; Cape Province.
Anal. Ent., p. 8 (1824),
africanus Dalla Torre. : Cape Province.
Cat. Hymen., vol. 4, p. 257 (1898) Elon erent Eugen. Resa, Ins., vol. 2,
p. 424 (1868). (africanus, non Brullé).
bohemanni Holm. : ; : : : . South Africa.
Eugen. Resa, Ins., vol. 2, p. 423 ae
2? difficlis Cameron : : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., al. 5, p-. 58 90).
jocosides Buysson : ; : Transvaal.
Ann. Soc. Ent. Rrances Pp: 353 (1897).
kinsembo Dalla Torre . ‘ : : 8S. & W. Africa.
Cat. Hymen., vol. 4, p. 275 (1898).
Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 531 (1870) non bellicosus Smith, 1860).
ribesiferus Buysson s . . : . Transvaal.
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 353 (1897).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 129
rugosus Brullé . : : . South Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Eiymens el 4, p. 413 (1846).
EUUROBRACON, Ashmead.
Proc. United States Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 140 pe
2 mandibularis Brues . : Durban, Natal.
Ann. South African Mus., Rol 19, p- 34.
COELODONTUS, Roman.
Zool. Bidrag fran Uppsala, vol. 1, p. 246 (1912).
costator Roman . é Cape Province.
Zool. Bidrag fran Taped, vol. i p- 246, PE VI, f. 5 (1912).
MEGAGONIA, Szépl.
niger Szepl. : . Windhoek, 8. W. Africa.
Ann. Mus. Nat. eaneae “(al i, p- 504 (1913).
IPHIAULAX, Forster.
(Including Ipobracon, Merinotus, Campyloneurus, Goniobracon, etc.).
Verh. preuss. Rheinland, vol. 19, p. 243 (1862).
aethiopicus Cameron. ; : 3 ; : Cape Province
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 153 (1905).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 41 (1906).
Szépligeti, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 654 (1906) (Merinotus striatus).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 112 (1910) (Merinotus striatus).
‘Brues, Ann. South African Mus. vol. 19, p. 61.
(This species is considered as a synonym of melanosoma Brullé by Roman).
annulitarsis Cameron . : . . Delagoa Bay; Hast Africa.
Arch. Math. Nemeerideney ol 30, No. 10, p. 8 (1909).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 79 (1914).
apicalis Szépligeti 5 . Erythraea; Cape Province.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hinearice vol. 11, p. 595 (1913).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 178 (1914).
appelatric Cameron. ‘ See ote : : Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 13 (1909).
areolatus Szépligeti ; : East Africa, from Abyssinia to Delagoa Bay.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 11, p. 593 (1913).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 167 (1914) (Goniobracon).
aurora Brues . : . : Transyaal.
Ann. South NGRlesm Mus., al 19, p. 48.
basimacula Cameron = nataliensis. :
basiornatus Cameron. . : Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., “Gl 30, No. 1, p. 17 eae
bellona Brues . . Transvaal; Natal
Ann. South Ae Seem Mus., ‘ol 19, p- 52.
9
130 Annals of the South African Museum.
bicolor Brullé. . rie 7 Southern Africa,
Hist. Nat. Ins. een vol. 4, p. "412, al 43, fie 3 (1846) (Bracon).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 155 (1905).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Natereidene vol. 30, No. 10, p. 14 (1909). (strenwus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 61.
bicostatus Szépligeti 5 . Transvaal; Zululand; Southern Cape Province.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 554 (1906) (Merinotus).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 164 (1914).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
capensis Cameron : : . Senegal and 8. Rhodesia to Cape.
Rec. Albany Mus., Genameton vol. 1, p. 149 (1905).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 164 (1914) (Merinotus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
clanes Cameron . : . Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Ghethonnetionsm, sl 1, p. 151 (19085).
cocerneomaculatus Ghinenom = De Brullé.
eoccineus Brullé . : _ . Equatorial. to South Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., vale 4p: 428 (1846) (Bracen
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 49 & 52 (1905).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 19 (1909).
Cameron, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belgique, vol. 56, p. 364 (1912).
Szépligeti, Entom. Mitt., vol. 2, p. 384 (1918).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 178 & 182 (1914).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 64 (1923).
corallinus Ritsema. = jfastidiator Fabricius.
decorus Cameron. , : . Worcester Dist, Cape Province; Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 50 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p.-62.
delagoensis Cameron. ; : ‘ : . Delagoa Bay.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 16 (1909).
diana Brues : 5 : ; . Southern Rhodesia,
Ann. South sioess Mus., ail 19, p. 49.
dodsi Cameron . : : Southern Rhodesia; Portuguese East Africa;
Eastern Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 51 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
12-fasciatus Cameron. . tue : : . Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 154 (1905).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 55 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
durbanensis Cameron. : a : : . Natal; Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 43 (1906).
Cameron, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 192 (1911) (pretoriaensis).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 61.
excisus Szépligeti es; : . Delagoa Bay.
Ann. Soc. Entom. Belaique vol. 58, p. 112 (1914).
fastidiator Fabricius. ss . North. to South Africa.
Spec. Insect., p. 428 (1781) Gchnainene
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 131
Fabricius, Syst. Piez., p.. 105 (1804) (Bracon).
Ritsema, Tijdschr. v. Entom. vol. 17, p. 179, Pl. 11, fig. 1 (1874) (Bracon
corallinus).
Cameron, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belgique, vol. 56, p. 364 (1912) (Iphiaulax
corallunus).
Turner, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 20, p. 242 (1917).
flagrator Gerstaeker : ; Mozambique; Transyaal; Natal.
Mon. Akad. Wiss. Berne p. 264 (1858).
Szépligeti, Termes. Fuzetek, vol. 24, p. 395 (1901) (1. wahlbergi as a synonym).
havilandi Cameron é : : : : : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 42 (1906).
Cameron, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 192 (1911).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 62.
havilandi Cameron, var. rosa Cameron Cape Province; Zululand; Delagoa Bay.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 12 (1909). (Iphiaulax rosa).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 164 (1914).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 62.
hemixanthopterus Szépligeti ; Central & South Africa.
Ergebn. Z. Afrika Exp., vol. 3, p. . 404 (1911).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 177 eye
hesper Brues : ; . Natal.
Ann. South cen Mus., él. 19, p- 45,
harticeps Cameron ; 5 Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Natueridede | vol. 30, No. 10, p. 12 (1909).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p.
imanitus Cameron : P ; : . Delagoa Bay.
Arch. Math. ater idene yall 30, No. 10, p. 16 (1909).
incisus Brullé. . 5 - Rhodesia to Cape.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., vol ED: 427 (raeon)
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 47 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 64.
uphigenia Brues . : : 4 é shai : . Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 55.
wis Brues ; : : é : : Zululand.
Ann. South Nien ene moll LO pee:
juno Brues : : 5 : Warm Baths, Transvaal.
Ann. South han Mus., voll 19, p. 53.
krebsu Cameron . é F : : Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Nataecidens, ‘el 30, No. 10, p. 18 (1909).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
lanceolatus Szépligeti . : ; ; 3 é Cape Province.
Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 178 (1914).
lativentris Cameron ; : 5 i ; Transvaal; Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 51 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
leucogaster Cameron. : 6 ; ; 6 . Delagoa Bay.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 8 (1909).
levissimus Cameron = rubiginator.
132 Annals of the South African Museum.
litura Brulle : : . South Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Fiymen roll AD: 415 (1846) (Brac
longicoxis Cameron ; . Natal; S. W. Africa.
Ann. South African Mus., rol 5, p. 42 (1906),
lucina Brues. . . Southern Rhodesia.
Ann. South Nite Mus., Fol: 19, p. 54,
luctuosus Brullé = phryganator.
lugens Brulle . . Zululand and Natal to Cape.
Hist. Nat. Ins. lak ins ol AB 105 414 (1846). (Bracon).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 4 (1909).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 61.
maculifrons Ritsema . : : . South Africa.
Tidschr. vy. Entom., vol. 17, Pp. 177 (1874). (Bracon).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
martini Gribodo : . Central and South Africa.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, Sa ia p-. 246 sz, (Bracon).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 57 (1906) (robustus).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., = 30, No. 10, p. 26 (1909) (Gonio-
bracon robustus).
Szépligeti, Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., p. 32 (1910) (robustus).
Schulz, Zool. Ann., vol. 4, p. 71 (1911).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 61.
mediator Cameron : : : : : : . Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 46 (1906).
melanosoma Brulle, see aethiopicus Cameron.
meridionalis Cameron. : . Worcester Distr., Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 45 (1906).
mimeticus Cameron : : : : Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 58 (1906).
minerva Brues . : , . §. Rhodesia.
Ann. South NB Rieen Mus., Roll 19, p- 50.
minyas Brues . : : : Zululand.
Ann. South ence Mus., “ah 19, p- 43,
montetroae Cameron : : . Delagoa Bay.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., mol 30, No 10, Pp: 16 (1909) (monteiroit).
natalensis Szépligeti . . Natal; 8S. Rhodesia; S. W. Africa.
Termes. Fuzetek, vol. 24, p. 395 (1901).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 150 (1905) (basimacula).
Cameron, Ann. South INGA Mus., vol. 5, p. 45 (1906) (basimacula).
Szépligeti, Ent. Mitt., vol. 3, p. 384 (1913).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 61.
nigridorsis Kriechbaumer é . Central and South Africa.
Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol. 39, p. 571 (1894).
Brues, Ann. Sarr(th African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
odontoscapus Cameron . . Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahametorn: ol iy p. 154 (1905).
ornaticollis Cameron. : Grahamstown, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gxhomdiomm “qo 1, p. 252 (1905).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 133
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 5 (1909).
pandora Brues . : 8. W. Africa; Zululand; 8. Rhodesia.
Ann. South AG ao Mus., we 19, p. 57.
pectoralis Szépligeti : ; Cape Province.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, pl (ep: "181 (1914).
phosphor Brues . 6 0 : Zululand.
Ann. South pire Mus, Eon 19, p. 42.
phryganator Thunberg . 6 Central and Southern Africa.
Mem. Akad. St. Beerebury vol. 8, p. 272 (1822) (Ichnewmon).
Thunberg, idem, vol. 9, p. 342 (1824) (Ichnewmon).
Brullé, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymen., vol. 4, p. 414 (1894) (Bracon luctuosus).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 5 (1909) (luctuosus).
Szépligeti, Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., p. 31 (1910) (Ipobracon luctuosus).
Roman, Zool. Bidrag, vol. 1, p. 272 (1912) (Ipobracon).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 175 (1914) (Ipobracon luctuosus).
pictus Brullé . . -. Rhodesia to Cape.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymen., roll ae 0 426 (Brace
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 47, 50 (1906).
Cameron, Ann. Transvaal Mus., “i 2, p- 192 (1911).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 19 (1909).
plurimaculata Brullé . : . Central and South Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., vol. 4,. p. . 499 (1846) (Bracon).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 46 (1906) (coccineomaculatus).
Turner, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 20, p. 243 (1917).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 62 (1923).
pretoriaénsis Cameron = durbanensis Cameron.
proserpina Brues : F 0 ; : Transvaal; S. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 44.
resolutus Cameron : j Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., Gor 30, No. 10, p- 10 (1909).
rhadamanthus Brues_— : i : : Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., ol: 19, p- 59.
rhodesianus Cameron . : : : 2 . S. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 54 (1906).
robustus Cameron = martini.
rosa Cameron = yar. of havilandi.
ruber Bingham . : : . Mashonaland.
Trans. Entom. Soc. Tondo vol. 23, Pp. 245, Pl. 23, fig. 21 (1902).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 62.
rubiginator Thunberg. . : Cape Province.
Mém. Akad. St. Pe tare vol. 8, p- 260 (1822) (Ichneumon).
Thunberg, idem, vol. 9, p. 309 (1824) (Ichneumon).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 44 (1906) (levissimus).
Roman, Zool. Bidrag, vol. 1, p. 277 (1912) (Ipobracon).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 61.
rubrilineatus Cameron . . Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gahematou roll ih p-. 151 (1905).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 15 (1909).
134 Annals of the South African Museum.
rubrinervis Cameron. . - Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Granamstowa ol 1, p. 152 (1905).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 50 (1906).
signatus Brullé . ae ; 5 Rhodesia to Cape.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., Tol 4 Pp. 430 ast (Bracon).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 47 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol ‘es p- 62.
similis Szépligeti. : 0 4 . Natal.
Ent. Mitt., vol. 3, p. 384 (1913) Cate, Roney
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 64.
soleae Cameron . 5 Grahamstown, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Graharietonn wel 1, p. 164 (1905).
spilonotus Cameron ; . Transvaal; Zululand; Basutoland.
Rec. Albany Mus., Ge lonngioe, “ll 1, p. 165 (1905).
Brues Ann. Sonu African Mus., vol. 19, p. 62.
spilopus Cameron : : 0 2 Grahamstown, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 241 (19085).
strenuus Cameron = bicolor Brullé.
striatus Szépligeti = aethiopicus Cameron.
tacitus Cameron . ; . 2 , . Delagoa Bay.
Arch. Math. Nagunyidene’ mol 30, No. 10, p. 9 (1909).
tanycerus Cameron 5 ; ° : F : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 49 (1906).
tegularis Szépligeti : : Southern Cape Province.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Ele ganic vol. A, Pp: 585 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 62.
thisbe Brues : ; : . Seymour, Cape Province.
Ann. South [eee Mus., él. OF ps8:
trichiosomus Cameron. . : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., Gil 5, p. 5 (1906).
triment Cameron = erent Cam.
varicollis Cameron : ‘ : ; ; ‘ Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 7 (1909).
varipalpis Cameron j f : ; . : 3 Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 48 (1906).
Cameron, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 193 ee
varitinctus Cameron ; : . Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., Wal 5, p. 50 (1908).
Brues, Ann. South Neos Mus., vol. 19, p. 62.
vesta Brues , : ; . 2 : Transvaal.
Ann. South Noa Mus., ect 19, p. 56.
victorintt Holmgren = ies Brullé . : : : Cape Province.
Eugen. Resa., vol. 2, p. 426 (1868) (Bracon).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 115 (1910).
wahlbergi Holmgren. : ‘ ‘ . Central & Southern Africa.
Eugenias Resa, Ins., p. 425 (1868) (Bracon).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 47 (1906).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 129 (1910).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 135
Szépligeti, Ent. Mitt., vol. 3, p. 384 (1913).
whitet Cameron . : ; ; 3 4 Transvaal; Zululand.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 165 (1905).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 62.
zanthocarpus Cameron . 5 Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., val j p. 41 (1906).
xanthopterus Cameron . Transvaal; Southern Cape Province; Natal.
Ann. South African Mus., pol 5, p. 41 (1906).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 240 (1905) (triment).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 61.
santhostomus Cameron . : : : Cape Province; 8. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 56 (1906).
HOLCOBRACON, Cameron.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 19 (1909).
erythraspis Cameron ~ . 3 Jue : 3 , . 8. W. Africa.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 20 (1909).
PLAXOPSIS, Szépligeti.
Arkiv for Zool. vol. 2, No. 14, p. 1 (1905).
Roman Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p, 136 (1910).
mitidula Brues . : ; : : Durban, Natal.
Ann. South Mirican Mus., ole OTP G4:
CHAOILTA, Cameron.
Mem. Manchester Philos. Soc., vol. 43, p. 80 ee
amplificata Brues : 3 ; Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., Pall 19, p- 66.
PLATYBRACON, Szépligeti.
Termes. Fuzetek, vol. 23, p. 49 (1900).
Camerom, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 20 (1909). (Doryc-
tocephalus).
caluinae Cameron : : Western Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., al 5, p. 53 (1906) (Iphiaulaa).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 68.
erythrostomus Cameron. = platynotus Cameron (1905).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus:, vol. 19, p. 68.
planinotus Brues 5 ; : : é : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 68.
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30. No. 10, p. 21 (1909). (Doryc-
tocephalus platynotus) (non ae eae platynotus Cameron, 1905),
platynotus Cameron. : Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Guinmctonn ror iy p. 241 (1905).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 53 (1906) (erythrostomus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 68.
136 Annals of the South African Museum.
SCHIZTOBRACON, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 70 (1906).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 138 (1910) (Zricoelopyge).
latilobatus Cameron = ornatipennis Cameron.
ornatipennis Cameron. t S. Rhodesia to Zululand and Gaps Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 70 (1906).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 24 (1909) (latilobatus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 68.
pulchra Roman . : : : : : : 3 Caffraria.
Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 139 (1910) (Zricoelopyge).
ODONTOGASTER, Szépligeti.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 551 (1906).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 22 (1908) (Caenoprymnus).
minor Szépligeti . : : : Zululand.
Brues, Ann. South ere Mus, molt 19, p- 70.
spinosa Cameron. . Delagoa Bay; Zululand.
Arch. Math. Nevaenidenee Sol 30, No. 10, p- 22 (1909) (Caenoprymnus).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 161 (1914).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 69.
uniformis Brues . : : : : : : : Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 70.
RHYTIMORPHA, Szépligeti.
coccinea Szépligeti : ; Congo; Bushmanland.
Termes. Fiizetek, vol. 24, Pp. 359 (1901).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 71.
CURRIEA, Ashmead.
Proc. U. 8. National Mus., vol. 23, p. 50 (1900).
flavomaculata Cameron . ; Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gremctona Nall 1, p- 157 (1905) (Megalomnum).
Cameron, Arch. Math. Naturvidens., vol. 30, No. 10, p. 24 (1909).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 71.
striata Cameron . : : Delagoa Bay; Zululand.
Arch. Math. Naturvidens., “talk 30, No. 10, p. 24 (1909).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 72.
testacea Cameron . : : : . Delagoa Bay.
Arch. Math. Natumndenss ec0r 30, No. 10, p. 25 (1909).
BACUMA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 68 (1906).
? Trachybracon Szépligeti.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 549 (1906).
fumipennis Cameron. : . : : é Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 69 (1906).
el
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 137
maculiventris Cameron . 2 5 . §S. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., el 5, p. 68 (1906).
rufa Cameron . . Kenya Colony; Transvaal, S. W. Africa.
Arch. Math. Natarvidene! Rill 30, No. 10, p. 26 (1909).
Cameron, Ann. Transvaal Mus., p. 194 (1911).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 72.
CHELONOGASTRA, Ashmead.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 139 (1900).
elongatula Brues. : : ; ; : : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 74.
orbiculata Brues 3 . Sie 3 : : P Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19 p. 75
rotundula Brues. 5 . : g : . Zululand, Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 73.
2 holmgreni D. T. : : Cape Province.
Holmgren, Eugen. Resa, Tie, rol 75, 0s . 424 68) (Bracon pectoralis, nec.
Wesmael).
Cat. Hym., vol. 4, p. 272 (1890) (Bracon).
GASTROTHECA, Guerin.
Lefebure, Voy. Abyss., vol. 6, p. 348 (1848).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 123 (1910).
Brues, Ann. South heen Mus., vol. a p. 76.
areolata Cameron 5 ; : : Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., p.. 202 (1911).
bilobata Cameron : : : : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., Fal ae p. 35 (1906)
bivittata _Kriechbaumer . : ° . Delagoa Bay.
Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol. 39, p. 314 (1894).
capensis Enderlein : Gee uTe . Pondoland.
Stettiner Ent. Zeitg., vol. 66, p- 235 (1905).
melanocera Cameron. : 5 : : Transvaal.
Ann. Transyaal Mus., p. 201 (1911).
trimaculata Cameron . . : bake ° : : Cape Province.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., p. 201 (1911).
GLYPTOMORPHA, Holmgren.
Eugenies Res. Ins., p. 427 (1868).
apicalis Szepligeti 5 : E. Africa; Transvaal.
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., pare 1907, p. 34 (1907).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., Sol 31, p. 125 (1910).
algirica Lucas . : ‘ : : Port Elisabeth.
Expl. Sci, Algérie, Tek, val 3, p. 336; pl. 19, fig. 8 (1846).
Szépligeti, Ann. Mus. Nat. Re vol. 4, p. 548 (1906).
concolor Szépligeti : : . Delagoa Bay.
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, al 58, p- 109 (1914).
Roman, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 31, p. 135 (1910).
138 Annals of the South African Museum.
ferruginea Holmgren . . ate ae e ae
Eugenies Resa, Ins., p. 427, pl. 8, fig. 4 (1868).
tegularis Szépligeti s : as : 5 _ Cape Province.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, ol , p. 156 (1914).
VIPIO, Latreille.
Hist. Crust. et Ins., vol. 13, p. 176 (1805).
dorsimacula Brullé : : ; Cape Province.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymen., al aap: oa. (1846).
forticarinatus Cameron . ; Cape Province.
Arch. Math. Netemideres vol. 30, No. 10, p-- 21 (1902).
fumipennis Cameron. 3 : ; . Stellenbosch, Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 64 (1906).
Brues. Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 77.
longicaudis Cameron . : : : . Stellenbosch, Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 65 (1906).
longicollis Buysson : : : : . Transvaal.
Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. “353 99?)
maculiceps Cameron. P Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus, vol. 5, p. 62 2900)
melanopus Cameron. é 4 . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., p. 193 (1911).
melanosoma Brullé (see [phiaulax melanosoma) : : . South Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., vol. 4,.p. 450. (1846).
nataliensis Cameron. 5 : j : : : . Natal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 63 (1906).
nigripalpis Cameron. 2 . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mine vol. 5, p. 63 906).
nigronotatus Brullé : : Cape Province.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., mol aD: 449 (1846).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 60 (1906).
pallidinervis Cameron. . ou: Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mees vol. 5, p. 61 0906).
2 pallidiwentris Cameron cone : : . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., p. 194 au)
5-maculatus Cameron. : 6 . W. Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus, all. a, p- 66 (1906).
6-foveatus Cameron , : ; : : : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 67 (1906).
spilocephalus Cameron . : : : : : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 66 (1906).
stictonotus Cameron . . : ; : 5 : . §. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 64 (1906).
tinetipennis Cameron. : . Stellenbosch, Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., tL om p. 61 cae
transvaalensis Cameron . : : : Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., p. 193 (1911).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 139
trimaculatus Cameron . te 0 : sin, - . W. Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 60 (1906).
ODESIA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 79 (1906).
10-maculata Cameron . : 3 2 : Transvaal.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 435 (1909).
longicornis Cameron - . : : oe. ‘Transvaal; S. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mae ol 5, p. 80 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South Alen Mus., vol.19, p. 77.
ARCHIBRACON, Saussure.
Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, vol. 20, Hyménop. pl. 14, fig. 13 (1892).
Pseudobracon Szépligeti. Gen. Ins., fasc. 22, p. 48 (1905).
cameront Brues . ’ : : : Natal, Zululand.
Ann. South Nosean Mus., ‘yal IG), 0 0S
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus, vol. 5, p. 73 (1906) (Eazothecus flaviceps,
non Archibracon flaviceps Sauss.).
canaliculatus Cameron = servillei.
capensis Cameron : j j : : ’ : Knysna.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 167 (1905) (Exothecus).
cognatus Szépligeti 5 Cape Province.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, al gap: “192 (1914) (Preudabracon):
elisabethae Cameron. 5 Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., cor Bs p. 72 (1906) (Hxothecus).
flavofasciatus Cameron . 5 : : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 74 (1906) (Euaothecus)..
forticornis Cameron ‘ : f : ' 3 . Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 74 (1906) (Ezothecus).
pulchripennis Cameron . 5 : : 3 as . Oape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 2 p- 73 (1906) (Eaothecus).
serviller Brullé . 5 . Equatorial & South Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., vol ae Oo Gell) (1846) (Bracon).
Szépligeti, Gen. Ins., fasc. 22, p. 49 (1905) (Pseudobracon).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 156 (1905) (Eaothecus
tibialis).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 167 (1905) (Hzothecus canaliculatus).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5. p. 75 (1906) (Ewothecus canali-
culatus).
Cameron, Zeit. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 433 (1909) (Pseudobracon africanus).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 191 (1914) (Pseudobracon
africanus).
Szépligeti, Ann. Ent. Soc. Belgique, vol. 58, p. 114 (1914) (Pseudobracon
africanus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus.,. vol. 19, p. 77
440 Annals of the South African Museum.
spilopterus Cameron. 6 Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gamo, vol. i, p- 166 (1905) (Ezothecus).
tibialis Cameron == servillet.
MESOBRACON, Szépligeti.
Termes. Fiizetek, vol. 25, p. 46 (1902).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p.. 75 (1906) (Zelerda).
Turner, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vol. 20, p. 245 (1917).
capensis Szépligeti : : 6 Cape Province.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, rol Up “189 (1914).
concolor Szépligeti = maculiceps Cameron.
maculiceps Cameron : . Mombasa to Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., “ol &, p. 76 (1906) (Telerda).
Szépligeti, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 4, p. 579 (1906) (concolor).
Turner, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. a vol. 20, p. 245 (1917).
nigriceps Cameron : . Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., ‘saih Dy De 0 (1908) (Teer)
trimaculatus Szépligeti . ae : Cape Province.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 189 (1914),
ODONTOBRACON, Cameron.
Biol. Centr. Amer. Hymen., vol. 15, p. 384 (1897).
André Spec. Hymen. Eur., vol. 51s, p. 10 (1897) (Zombrus).
Kriechbaumer, Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol. 39, p. 60 (1894) (Zrzmorus, non Forster).
Dalla Torre, Cat. Hymen., vol. 4, p. 250 (1898) (Neotrimorus).
Szépligeti, Termes, Fuzetek, vol. 25, p..47 (1902) (Acanthobracon).
Cameron, Journ. Straits Br. Roy. Asiasic Soc., vol. 44, p. 104 (1905) (Tri-
chiobracon).
atriceps nom. nov.
Cameron, Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 442 (1909) (nigriceps, non Came-
ron 1887).
cameront Szépligeti : . . Delagoa Bay; Transvaal.
Ent. Mitt., vol. 2, p. 385 (1913).
Cameron, iZeites Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 441. (1909) (Zombrus) (rufus, non
Cameron 1905).
duplicatus nom. noy. . : : Cape Province.
Cameron, Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 444 Cecio: luteus, nec Neotrimorus
(Zombrus) luteus Cameron ey
maculiceps Cameron : . Mozambique; Delagoa Bay.
Ann. South African Mus., col a} joy 08 (1906) (Acanthobracon).
maculifrons Cameron.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 169 (1905) (Zrichiobracon).
nigriceps Cameron : : Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 442 (1909) (Zombrua
nigripennis Kriechbaumer F é Central & South Africa.
Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol. 39, p. 60 (1894) (Lrimorus).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 196 (1914) (Zombrus).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 144
nigripes Cameron - 5 8 3 0 6 . ‘Transyaal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 79 (1906) (Acanthobracon).
nigripes Cameron 1909 = pedalis.
nigromaculata Cameron . : . Dunbrody, Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gschenontonm, “ol 1, p. 155 (1905) (Zombrus).
pedalis nom. nov.
Cameron, Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 442 (1909)! (Zombrus) (nigripes, non
nigripes Cameron 1806).
rufus Cameron . . Martindale.
Rec. Albany Mus., Crahwnctiongm, Rol L, Pp. 168 (1905) (Lrichiobracon) )non
‘rufus Cameron. 1909).
rufus Cameron 1909 = cameront.
sptlopterus Cameron. : . : : : Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 442 (1909) (Zombrus).
PHANOMERIS, Forster.
“fein Preuss. Rheinlande, vol. 29, p. 235 (1862).
dubius Bingham . . S. Rhodesia.
Trans. Ent. Soc. onde! 1902, p. 546, ‘fl 16, ae 59 (1902).
TELERDA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 75 (1906).
maculiceps Cameron. ° Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., Wel 5, p. 76 (1906).
nigriceps Cameron : : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., Rol oe p. 76 (1906).
XENOLOBUS, Cameron..
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 199 (1911).
rufus Cameron . 0 . : 0 : . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mase vol. 2, p. 200 (1911).
Brues, Ann. South Arican Mus., vol. 19, p. 80.
x LATANA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 77 (1905).
eacavata Cameron 5 . : : 5 : : . Natal.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 78 (1906).
RHOGAS, Nees.
Nov. Act. Nat. Curios., vol. 9, p. 306 (1818).
capensis Cameron ‘ : : : : : Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 243 (1905).
erythrostomus Cameron = ae
melanocephalus Cameron ‘ : Natal; Transvaal; S. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, . 71 (1906).
Cameron, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 196 (1911) (melanocephalus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 80.
449 Annals of the South African Museum.
melanocerus Cameron . ae ; . Rhodesia; Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., roll , p- 71 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African ae vol. 19, p. 80.
melanospilus Cameron . : : : . Transvaal;
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 197 (1911).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 80.
meridianus Szépligeti :
Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 207 (1914).
pallidipalpis Cameron f
Ann. Transvaal Mus., “all, Zap: 198 (1911).
pretipennis Brues
Ann. South African Mus., molt 19, p- 80.
plurilineatus Cameron . : : Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 197 (1911).
striatifrons Cameron Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., oll: PN 199 (1911).
transvaalensis Cameron . . Central & Southern Africa.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. “2, p- 199 (1911).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 204 ee
varicarinatus Cameron . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., al, 2, p. 198 (19 11).
varinervis Cameron Transvaal.
Ann. Transyaal Mus., vol 2, PD. 198 (1911).
GYRONEURON Kokujev.
Rev. Russe Entom., vol. 1, p. 231 (1901).
africanum Brues. : 4 é Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 82.
OPIUS, Wesmael.
Mém. Acad. Sci., Bruxelles, vol. 9, p. 115 (1835).
africanus Szépligeti Transyaal.
Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. cel, Ponucl cor 4, p. 346 (1910).
Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar., Portici, vol. 8, p. 111 (1914).
humilis. Silvestri. , a : 5 Cape Province.
Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Aner, Portici, vol. 8, p. 106 (1914).
lounsburyt Silvestri Transvaal.
Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. heer Bortiel Toll 8, p. 100 (1914),
luteus Kriechbaumer 5 : . Natal.
Berliner Entom., Zeit., Sat 3950p: 314 (1894).
SULYDUS, Buysson.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 66, p. 354 (1897).
marshalli Buysson Transvaal.
Cape Province.
Transvaal,
Transvaal.
S. Rhodesia.
Ann. Soc. Entom. France, “el 66, Pp. 354, 126 1, fee) 1—10 (1897).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 143
CYCLOCORMUS, Cameron.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 209 (1911).
luteus Cameron . : . - : Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal ae vol. 2, p. 209 (1911).
MICRODUS Auct., non Nees.
Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Curios., vol. 9, p. 304 (1818).
bipustulatus Cameron = Disophrys dichroa Brullé.
pallidus Kriechbaumer = Disophrys lutea Brullé.
_DISOPHRYS, Forster.
Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande, vol. 19, p. 246 (1862).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 157 (1905). (Xantho-
microdus).
bipustulata Cameron = dichroa Brullé.
capensis Szépligeti : set ee : rs ae Cape Province.
Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 214 (1914).
dichroa Brullé . ; : . South Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymen., rol 4, p. "485 (1845) Agathe)
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 158 (1905). (Microdus bipustulatus).
? Szépligeti, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 58, p. 116 (1914). (Disophrys
tarsalis).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 86.
erythropus Cameron. : : y : 5 : Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 205 coe
iridipennis Cameron. : . Mozambique.
Res. Albany Mus., Colarmetonny vol. 1, Pp. 158 (1905) (Xanthomicrodus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 86.
lutea Brullé ; d Enquatorial & Southern Africa.
Hist. Nat. Ins. yanent voll 4, p. 306 ae (Agathis).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 7, p. 214 (1914).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 86.
nataliensis Szépligeti hae -, Natal; S. Rhodesia.
Termes. Fuzetek, vol. 25, je A (1902).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 86.
pedalis Brues_. : 5 : ; Cape Province.
Ann. South Mareen Mus., ‘Gok 19, p. 85.
picturata Brues . ‘ . . : < : Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., ol. 19, p. 84.
rufa Cameron . : ; ; : . Transvaal.
Ann. South rican Mus., gah 5, p. 38 (1905).
testacea Cameron. : : Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South Mercan Mus., voll 5, p. 38 (1905).
SPILOMICRODUS, Cameron.
Timehri, Journ. Roy. Agric. Soc., British Guiana, vol. 1, p. 323 (1911).
Bradley, Psyche, vol. 23, p. 140 (1916).
144 Annals of the South African Museum.
curvinervis Cameron . 6 c : : c , Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 205 (1911) (Crassomicrodus).
CRASSOMICRODUS, Ashmead.
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 128 (1900).
pumilus Szépligeti : : c Transvaal.
Ent. Mitt., vol. 2, p. 385 ‘(1913) (Gamera
TROTICUS Brullé.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., vol. 4, p. 508 ian
ovatus Brullé. : ‘ Cape Province.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymén., sal 4, P. 509 (1846).
EUAGATHIS, Szépligeti.
Term. Fiizetek, vol. 23, p. 62 (1900).
terebrator Brues. ; : 3 : : . Natal.
Ann. South ftiean Mus., Got 19, p. 86.
BRAUNSIA, Kriechbaumer.
Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol. 39, p. 62 (1894).
excelsa Brues . : ; : : Durban, Natal.
Ann. South ers Mus., el ON pe So:
fenestrata Kriechbaumer ; . é Natal; Seychelles.
Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol.-39, p. 310 (1894),
Cameron, Percy Sladen Tr. Exped., vol. 4, p. 83 (1907) (melanoptera).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 88.
mimetica Brues . : : : ; Durban, Natal.
Ann. South Netew Mus., eal 19, p. 88.
CREMNOPS, Auct.
See note on p. 90 regarding this name.
obsolescens Brues : : : : : i Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 91.
zululandensis Brues : : ; : : E i Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 90.
MEGAGATHIS Kriechbaumer.
Berliner. Ent. Zeit., vol. 39, p. 311 (1894).
nataliensis Kriechbaumer ‘ , : Natal; Zululand.
Berliner Ent. Zeit., vol. 39, p. 312 (1894).
- AGATHIS, Latreille.
Hist. Crust. et Ins., vol. 13, p. 175 (1805).
2? capensis Cameron : < . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., Fol 5, p. 37 (1906).
dichroa Brullé = Disophrys dichroa.
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 145
MESOAGATHIS, Cameron.
Rec. Albany Mus., vol. 1, p. 172 ae
fuscpennis Cameron. : Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gohemckora, vol. i p. 172 (1905).
APANTELES, Foerster.
Verh. naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinlande, vol. 19, p. 245 (1862).
africanus Cameron = cameront.
africanus Viereck (Protapanteles) ; F é Transyaal.
_ Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 174 (Apmi 1911).
basimacula Cameron. : Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grimace, =). 1 p. 173 (1905).
Cameron, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 204 (1907).
cameront nom. nov.
africanus Cameron, non Viereck.
Cameron Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 207 (January, 1911 ').
capensis Cameron : : E : . Cape Town.
Ann. South fies Mus., ll 5, p. 203 (1907).
eurygaster Cameron. ° . . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., Tol 2, Pp. 207 (1911).
fuscinervis Cameron. : 5 . Transvaal,
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p- 207 aon.
maculitarsis Cameron . é Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gravametows: vol. L, p. 173 (1905).
testacewentris Cameron . . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, Pp. 208 (1911) (estaccioventns)|
transvaalensis Cameron . . : ° : 5 . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 208 (1911).
STENOPLEURA, Viereck.
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 187 (1911).
sesamiae Cameron : . Southern Africa.
Trans. South African Piles: aie: vol. 16, Pp: 335 (1906) (Apanteles).
Viereck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 188 (1911).
UROGASTER, Ashmead.
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 132 (1900).
fuscwornis Cameron. 6 : : 5 : Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 449 (1909).
CARDIOCHILES, Nees.
Hymen. Ichneum. Affin., vol. 1, p. 224 (1834).
Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, vol. 1, p. 169 (1905) (Schénlandella).
1) Although the date is given as January, it was undoubtedly later than the
paper by Viereck, who used the same name for another species, since this
number of the Annals of the Transvaal Museum was not received in Boston till
August 1911.
410
146 Annals of the South African Museum..
angustifrons Brues 3 : : : - Natal.
Ann. South African Mus., col 19, p. 94.
forticarinatus Cameron . ' : . EE. Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 445 (1909).
fossatus Brues . j , 5 ; : . Natal.
Ann. South Asien Mus., Gol 19, p. 97.
fulviventris Cameron. : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., oll 5, p. 40 (1906) (Schinlartielay
Cameron, Trans. South African Philos. Soc., vol. 16, p. 331 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p.
latifrons Brues . : . 0 : . Kimberley.
Ann. South Aeeaem Mus., ol 19, p. 93.
longipennis Brues 4 3 3 0 . 5 : Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. - p- 98.
nigricollis Cameron . : Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown: or i, p- 171 (1905) (Schénlandella).
Cameron, Trans. South African Philos. Soc., vol. 16, p. 331 (1906).
nigromaculatus Cameron : : Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Grahamstown, oh ih, p- 170 (1905) (Schénlandella).
Cameron, ‘Trans. ‘South African Philos. Soc., vol. 16, p. 331 (1906).
nitidus Brues . é 2 Namaqualand.
Ann. South hiner Mus., Fol: 19, p- 96.
rufomaculatus Cameron . : : . . Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 446 (1909).
striatus Brues . . Transvaal; Cape Province.
Ann. South Mercer Mus., al: 19, p- 96.
testaceus Cameron = ees
-testacetpes Cameron F : . SS. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., rol e, p. 39 (1906) (Schonlandella testacea).
Cameron, Trans. South tern Philos. Soc., vol. 16, p. 331 (1906).
trimaculatus Cameron . ’ Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gahaneicon a ile p- 171 (Schénlandella).
Cameron, Trans. South African Philos. Soc., vol. 16, p. 331 (1906).
Szépligeti, Mitt. Zool. Mus., Berlin, vol. 7, p. 221 (1914).
MACROCENTRUS, Curtis.
Entom. Mag,., vol. 1, p- 187 (1833).
annulicornis Cameron . : i : . : : Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 211 (1911).
capensis Cameron : : Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., eel 5. p. 30 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 63.
latisulcatus Cameron . ; ; F : - Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 210 (1911).
luteus Cameron . ; : F Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. “2, p. 210 (1911).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymznoptera. 147
nigroornatus Cameron . 5 : 2 eres é . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 211 (1911).
pallidistigma Cameron . : : 3 : : . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 210 (1911) (pallidistigmas).
METEORUS, Holiday.
Entom. Mag., vol. 3, p. 24 ag
trilineatus Cameron : 3 : Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., Gralaretoun vol. 1, p. 242 (1905).
HELORIMORPHA, Schmiedeknecht.
Hymen. Mitteluropas, p. 523 (1907).
Cameron, Soc. Entom., Jahrg. 24, p. 9 (1909) (Stictometeorus).
africana Brues . . F : : 3 Zululand.
Ann. South Arica Mus., nol 19, p.-101.
rufa Cameron . ; Cape Province.
Soc. Entom. janre: 24, p. 9 (1909) (Grinoneronts)
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 101.
PERILITUS, Nees.
Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Curios. vol. 9, p. 302 (1818).
angustatus Brues : “ 5 : : Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 104.
latus Brues : j . Southern Eastern Cape Province.
Ann. South esean Mus., Gol 19, p. 104.
ruficollis Cameron ; : : : i Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 29 (1906).
FORSTERIA, Szépligeti.
Wiener Ent. Zeit., vol. 15, p. 148 (1896).
nitida Cameron . 5 é : : - . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus, vol. 2, p. 204 (1911).
PHANEROTOMA, Wesmael.
Nov. Mem. Acad. Sci. nee vol. 11, p. 165 Ce
curvicarinata Cameron . : . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. “8, p- 204 (1911).
curvimaculata Cameron . F : . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., rol 2, Pp. 203 au)
dubia Bingham . : . Mashonaland.
Trans. Ent. Soc. eendon p. 546, vE 18, Ae: 69 cay
pallidipes Cameron : : . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., voll 2, Pp. 203 (1911).
CHELONELLA, Szépligeti.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, vol. 6, p. 403 (1908).
148 Annals of the South African Museum.
curvimaculata Cameron . . Cape Town; S. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., “al. &, p. 34 (1908) (Chelonus).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 105.
CHELONUS, Panzer.
Krit. Rey., vol. 2, p. 99 (1806).
capensis Cameron : : : - : : Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 440 ee
erythropus Cameron. : . Cape Town.
Ann. South African Mus., Rol 5, p. 33 (1906).
robertianus Cameron. ; Southern Cape Province.
Rec. Albany Mus., vol. h p- 110 (1904).
rufoscapus Cameron. : 5 . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., el, 2, Pp. 200 (1911).
vaalensis Cameron 5 : ; . Transvaal.
Ann. South African Min vol. 5, p. 34 (1906).
' ASCOGASTER, Wesmael.
Nov. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles, vol. 9, p. 226 cox
bipustulata Brues : : 5 Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., ol 19, p- 105.
MINANGA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 30 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 106.
bimaculata Cameron. 4 : . Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p- 202 au)
flavipes Cameron. : 3 Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., alt 81, p. 437 (1909).
serrata Cameron. : : : Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South Aenean Mus., Wl. 5, p. 31 (1906).
ESENGA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus, vol. 5, p. 36 Ciena
ovata Cameron . : Cape Province.
Ann. South Gren Mus., yal 5, p. 36 (1906).
PACHYCHELONUS Brues.
fulviventris Brues P : ; ‘ ; E . N. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 107.
ODONTOSPAEROPYX, Cameron.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 436 (1908).
ruficeps Cameron ; : : . 5 ‘ Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 346 (1909).
Ch. T. Brues, Some South African Parasitic Hymenoptera. 149
TRIGASTROTHECA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 32 (1906).
Brues, Ann. South Mus., vol. 19, p. 109.
nigricormis Cameron. : 5 : : P Cape Province.
Zeits. Naturwiss., vol. 81, p. 439 (1909).
trilobata Cameron : ; : ‘ : ; . §S. Rhodesia.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 32 (1906).
SIGALPHUS, Latreille.
Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., vol. 3, p. 327 (1802).
daci Szépligeti . . : : . - Transvaal.
Boll. Lab. Zool. Gis Aspen, Portici, vol. 5, p. 223 (1911).
Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. ee Portici, vol. 8, p. 121 (1914).
simplicifrons Brues 6 : é Transvaal.
Ann. South African Mus., ol 19, p- 109.
Famity ALYSIIDAE,
HERATREMIS, Walker.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 5, p. 310 ee
longicornis Brues : See Zululand.
Ann. South African Mus., ol 19, Pp. 112.
APHAERETA.
Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande, vol. 19, p. 264 (1862).
sarcophagae Bridwell . 6 : : : ; . Cape Town.
Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soe., vol. 4, p. 177 (1919).
PHAENOCARPA, Forster.
Verh. naturf. Ver. preuss. Rheinlande, vol. 19, p. 267 (1862).
? testacerpes Cameron . . : Cape Province.
Zeits. Hym. Dipt. 1903, p. "343.
COELALYSIA, Cameron.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, p. 212 (1911).
Turner, Bull. Entom. Res., vol. 8, p. 177 (1917).
lusoriae Bridwell : : 6 ‘ Southern Cape Province.
Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 175 (1919).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus., vol. 19, p. 111.
lutea Cameron. . : : : Transvaal.
Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 2, Pp: 212 (1911),
ALITHA, Cameron.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 28 (1906).
longipennis Cameron . : : : : Southern Cape Province.
Ann. South African Mus., vol. 5, p. 28 (1906).
450 Annals of the South African Museum.
HOLCALYSIA Cameron.
Entom., vol. 38, p. 268 (1905).
testaceipes Cameron : 3 : 3 : Cape Province.
Entom., vol. 38, p. 269 (1905).
Famity PLUMARIIDAE.
MYRMECOPTERINA, Bischoff.
fllicornis Bischoff : é Bushmanland; 8. W. Africa.
Entom. Rundschau Jahrb. 31, p- 68 (1914).
Brues, Ann. South African Mus. vol. 19, p. 115.
minor Brues. . : : - Vryburg, Cape Province.
Ann. South Naver Mus., “ell 19, p.-116.
( 151 )
2. — South African Megaloptera, — By P. EBpseEN—PETERSEN.
By the kindness of Dr. L. Péringuey, South African Museum, I
have been enabled to examine some material of Megaloptera from
South Africa, and in the following pages I give the result of my
investigations. Only little is known about the Megalopterous fauna
of Africa, and only few species are known from that part of the world.
In 1867 Mac Lachlan described Chauliodes pusillus (loc. inc.), in 1869
the same author described Chauliodes tenuis from Knysna district,
and in 1920 I described Leptosialis africana from the Winterhoek
Mountains.
At present the following species are known:
Fam. SIALIDAE.
Sus-Fam. CORYDALINAE.
TrisE NEUROMINI.
CHLORONIELLA PERINGUEY], n.g. & n. sp.
Trine CHAULIODINI.
T ZNIOCHAULIODES OCHRACEOPENNIS, n.g. & n. sp.
PLATYCHAULIODES PUSILLUS (Mac Lachlan).
LEPTOCHAULIODES TENUIS (Mac Lachlan).
SuBp-Fam. SIALIDINI.
LEPTOSIALIS AFRICANA Esb.—Peters.
I have here followed Weele as to the systematical arrangement
and with regard to the terminology of the anal appendages of the male.
CHLORONIELLA, n. g.
Head oblong, eyes prominent, sides of head behind the eyes with
a triangular, tooth-shaped dilatation. Antennae as long as three
fourths of the length of forewing, serrate (only the male sex is known).
152 Annals of the South African Museum.
Wings rather elongate and with rounded apices. Between # and fs
three crossveins. Rs with four branches. Most of the crossveins in
the disc of forewings thickened in their middle part. Anal appen-
dages of the male consist of a pair of upper appendages, of a pair
of lower appendages and of a broad genital valve.
Genotype: CHLORONIELLA PERINGUEYI, N. sp.
As to the venation of the wings this genus is nearly allied to the
American genus Chloronia Banks; but with regard to the form of
Fig. 1. Chloroniella péringueyt J.
anal appendages in the male the genus has more likeness t to the
East-Asiatic genus Protohermes Weele.
The small number of branches from #s and the peculiar shape of
the dilatation on the side of the head give the genus an outstanding
position among the Newromint.
CHLORONIELLA PERINGUEYI, nN. sp.
Head pale brownish yellow. A blackish brown spot between the
Insertion of the antennae; ocelli blackish brown. On the vertex a
somewhat impressed longitudinal median line. At each side of the
vertex a longitudinal jet black streak. Antennae pale greyish brown
becoming darker towards apex; basal joint brown, shining. Prothorax
one and a half times longer than broad, pale yellowish brown, with
a jet black longitudinal streak at each side near the lateral margin.
Meso- and metathorax pale yellowish brown with a darker spot at
P. Ebsen—Petersen, South African Megaloptera., 153
the base of each wing. Abdomen pale brown; underside of thorax
and abdomen yellowish brown. Legs-yellowish brown. Anal appen-
dages pale brown with short whitish hairs. Upper appendages, seen
from above, obtuse conical, seen from below, cup-shaped; the lower
appendages claw-shaped; the genital valve very broad with a pro-
longation at each angle and with a semicircular rounded hind margin,
which is incised in its middle. Wings hyaline. Venation pale brown.
Fig. 2. Chlorontella périnqueyt.
Dorsal view of anal appendages of ¢/.
Some crossveins in the disc of the forewing either totally or partly
black. At the origin of Fs in the forewing a blackish spot.
Forewing 33 mm.; hindwing 30 mm.
4 of Stellenbosch, 9 XI 1920, Ch. K. Brain leg. Witte River,
Wellington, Cape, XII, 1922, R. F. Lawrence. (South African Museum).
I have much pleasure in dedicating this very interesting species
to Dr. L. Péringuey, who has done so much for our present know-
ledge of the South African insect fauna.
TASNIOCHAULIODES, n. g.
Head elongate, narrowed behind; the ocelli placed rather close
together. Antennae setaceous. Wings broadened towards apex,
which is rather acute. Membrane of forewing with strongly yel-
lowish brown tinge and rather indistinct greyish brown spots ar-
ranged somewhat in transverse bands. Costal area rather broad;
most of costal crossveins curved in a peculiar manner. fs with
four branches. M, in the forewing forked. 24 forked, and its
first branch coalesces with 1.4 for some distance. The upper appen-
dages of male pale brown, short and stout, their tips strongly ob-
154 Annals of the South African Museum.
tuse, blackish and provided with short blackish hairs, curved down-
wards and inwards. The genital valve rather broad and with
rounded angles.
Fig. 3. Toeniochauliodes ochraceopennis 3g.
Genotype: TNIOCHAULIODES OCHRACEOPENNIS.
As to the shape of anal appendages of the male this genus seems
to be nearest to the South American genus Protochauliodes. An
interresting feature is the forking of M, in the forewing.
T £NIOCHAULIODES OCHRACEOPENNIS, N. Sp.
Head brown; the ocelli placed in a somewhat darker spot; the
ocelli brownish, each of them surrounded by a circle of short
Fig. 4. Teniochaulioaes ochraceopynnis.
Dorsal view of anal appendages of (/. n.g. & n. sp.
whitish hairs. Hind part of head with a longitudinal impressed
median line and with several somewhat elevated figures. Antennae
ae
P. Ebsen—Petersen. South African Megaloptera. 155
48-jointed, as long as three fourths of the length of forewing, brown,
with short pubescence; second joint with narrow black ring at its
apex. Prothorax brown, somewhat darker towards the sides, one
and a half times as long as broad; the posterior half with a longi-
tudinal impressed median line, the front half with a longitudinal
median keel. Meso- and metathorax and abdomen brown with
very short pubescence. Legs and underside of thorax and abdomen
pale brown, tips of tibiae and of tarsal joints blackish. Membrane
of forewings yellowish brown; venation yellowish brown with dark
brown streaks, which are broadly shaded with brownish. Some of
these shadows form rather distlInct spots. Several of the crossveins
in the apical part very pale. Costal area rather broad; 20-22 costal
crossveins. Membrane of hindwings hyaline and with faint yellow-
ish tinge. Venation pale brownish yellow. Costal area narrow and
with 17-19 cross veins. In the forewing three chitinous dots are
found in the area between Fs and M, in the hindwing two dots
are found in the same area.
Forewing 23 mm.; hindwing 21 mm.; body 24 mm.
One male, Oudebosch, Caledon Division, Cape. Jan. 1919, K. H.
Barnard leg. (South African Museum).
PLATYCHAULIODES, n. g.
Head elongate. Ocelli rather small and placed far apart from
Fig. 5. Platychauliodes pusiilus J.
each other. Antennae strongly serrate (only the male sex is known).
Wings rather broad and with acute apex. Costal area in the
156 Annals of the South African Museum.
forewing rather broad. M, unforked. 2A in the forewing forked
and connected with 14 by a crossvein. Upper appendages rather
short; genital valve of a peculiar shape and with two strongly
raised and curved ridges.
Genotype: CHAULIODES PUSILLUS, Mac Lachlan.
I have at hand a male speclmen from Paarl Cape Div., Octbr.
1919, Rev. G. Hawke leg. (South African Museum) and a specimen
without abdomen, but with serate antennae, from the same locality
and collected at the same time and by the same collector (pre-
sented to me by Dr. L. Péringuey).
The hitherto only known specimen of Chauliodes pusillus Mac
Lachlan (Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., 234, 1867; Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 39, 1869) is the type-specimen, which is kept in the collec-
tion of the late Mac Lachlan. The locality was unknown, and
Mac Lachlan supposed it to be from India. Later on Weele (Col-
lections Selys. Megaloptera, 48, 1910) regarded the species to be
Fig. 6. Platychauliodes pusillus, Mac Lachlan.
Dorsal view of anal appendages of (j.
from South Africa, and he also placed Chauliodes tenuis Mac Lachlan
(Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 38, 1869) from Knysna district as a
synonym of it.
I have compared the two above named specimens with the des-
cription of Mac Lachland and with a photograph of the type-specimen,
reproduced in Collect. Selys. Megaloptera, pl. IV, fig. 36, and I am
inclined to consider the supposition of Weele as to the locality of
that species to be correct. The two specimens agree exactly with
the description and with the figure. There are, however, some
differences as to the anal appendages, and I may say, that I am not
able to understand the description of them given by Mac Lachlan.
The type-specimen has lost its antennae. Weele placed Chauliodes
P, Ebsen—Petersen, South African Megaloptera. 157
pusillus in the genus Archichauliodes, which genus besides pusillus
contains dubitans Walker from New Zealand and guttiferus Walker
from Australia. Especially on account of the serrate antennae and
the different form of the anal appendages of the male the species
has to be placed in its own genus. Costal crossveins in the forewing
21—22; in the hindwing 19—20.
LEPTOCHAULIODES, n. g.
Head oblong. Ocelli rather large. Antennae setaceous (sex un-
determinable). Wings slender and with narrow costal area. In the
forewing 24 is forked, and its first branch coalesces with 1 A for
some distance.
Genotype: CHAULIODES TENUIS, Mac Lachlan.
Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., 38, 1869; Weele, Collect. Selys.
Megaloptera, 48, pl. III, fig. 28, 1910.
The type-specimen of this species is kept in the British Museum,
and Mac Lachlan described it as a male. Weele, however, has seen
Fig. 7. Leptochauliodes tenuis .
the type-specimen, and he considers it to be a female specimen,
Amongst the material from South African Museum is a specimen of
that species from Hottentot Hollands, Mts. 4000 ft. Caledon Div.,
Cape. Jan. 1916, K. H. Barnard leg. Its body is damaged by attack
of insects, and therefore its sex is undeterminable.
158 Annals of the South African Museum.
The wings of the species are lanceolate and with rather acute apex.
The membrane is hyaline, and the venation is brownish yellow with
very short brown streaks, which are narrowly and faintly shaded
with brownish. Near the base of the forewing a large brownish spot.
The membrane of the wings is provided with numerous short dark
bristles. Costal crossveins in the forewing 23—26; in the hindwing 22.
With some hesitation Weele has placed the species in his genus
Archichauliodes.
( 159 )
3. — Some Mosquitos from Ovamboland, S. W. Africa, and from the
Cape Province. — By F. W. Epwarps, F.E.S.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British
Museum).
The small collection of mosquitos here noted was sent to me for
determination by Dr. L. Péringuey. The Ovamboland material was
obtained during a trip made on behalf of the South African Mu-
seum by Mr. K. H. Barnard, assistant-director, in the early part of
4920. This material contained the following ten species, which were
obtained at the localities mentioned: —
Anopheles mauritianus, Grp. Sandup; Otjiverongo.
A. squamosus, Theo. Namutoni.
A. costalis, Theo. Otjiverongo; Namutoni.
A. funestus, Giles. Namutoni.
Mucidus scatophagoides, Theo. Nomtele; Ondongua.
Aedes (Ochlerotatus) chelli, Edw. Nomtele; Namutoni; Andoni;
Otjiverongo.
A. (Ecculex) ochraceus, Theo. Ondongua; Nomtele; Otjiverongo.
A. (E.) nigeriensis, Theo. Sandup.
A. (Banksinella) lineatopennis, Ludlow. Otjiverongo.
A. (Stegomyia) pseudonigeria, Theo. Otjiverongo.
AEDES CHELLI, Edw.
1915. Bull. Ent. Res. vol. 5, p. 277.
This is the most interesting species in the list and was present
in the collection in some numbers. There was a slight difference
from the type (described from British East Africa), the wings
having more numerous pale scales, and the fourth hind tarsal seg-
ment being entirely dark. Most fortunately a male was collected,
and this proves that the species belongs to the subgenus Ochlerotatus,
and not to Hcewlex, as might have been expected; the only other
Ethiopian Ochlerotatus is the somewhat similar A. fryeri, Theo.
160 Annals of the South African Museum.
The male of A. chelli shows the following characters: — _ Palpi
longer than the proboscis by nearly the length of the last segment,
mostly black, with some scattered pale scales. Median pale stripe
of abdomen confined to the last two segments (recalling the similar
sexual difference to be found in 4A. rusticus, Rossi). Pale rings at
the bases of the first two hind tarsal segments narrower than in
the female, that on the third segment absent altogether. Hypopy-
gium: Sidepieces with basal and apical lobes both very small, the
former with a small and dense pateh of hair but no spine, the
latter practically bare. Clasper somewhat strap-like, broader before
the middle, with long terminal spine (thus differing from A. fryer).
Claspette with short cylindrical stem, and long, slender, curved,
slightly flattened and pale appendage. Lobes of ninth tergite pro-
minent, each with three or four short bristles.
AEDES PSEUDONIGERIA, Theo.
1910. Monogr. Culicid, vol. 5, p. 166.
The two females of this species differ from. the type in having
the fifth hind tarsal segment black instead of white, but there are
no other differences. Important diagnostic characters of this species
are the absence of a white spot in the middle of the anterior sur-
face of the mid femora, and the presence of small white spots on
the under surface of the mid and hind tibiae, near but not reaching ©
the base.
In addition to the Ovamboland material, a few specimens from the
Cape Province were included. These proved of considerable scientific
interest, there being no fewer than three new species represented,
besides others which had not previously been recorded from the Cape.
The species represented were the following: —
Anopheles (Myzomyia) cinereus, Theo. Montagu (Barnard).
Aedes (Finlaya) barnardi, sp.n. Oudebosch.
,, (Ecculex) capensis, sp. n. *
Theobaldia (Allotheobaldia) longiareolata (Macq.). Kimberley
(Lightfoot).
Culex (Culex) pipiens, L. Stellenbosch (Péringuey).
trifilatus, Edw. Cape Town (Péringuey).
se a tipuliformis, Theo. Uitenhage (Barnard).
(Neoculex) salisburiensis, Theo. Oudebosch.
péringueyi, sp.n. Cape Town (Dawson).
9 >P]
” 9
F. W. Edwards, Some Mosquitos from Ovamboland, S. W. Africa. 164
This list includes two species which have been previously recorded
from the Cape Province (An. cinereus and T’. longiareolata). Apart
from these nine, Culex futigans has been recorded, but | am not aware
of any other species which as yet are known to exist in the province.
The mosquito fauna of this region is indeed less known than that
of any other part of Africa, with the possible exception of Abyssinia.
ANOPHELES CINEREUS, Theo.
1901. Monogr. Culicid. vol. 4, p. 164.
The Cape specimens of this species differ slightly from the Rho-
desian (type) form, and when more and better material is available
they may possibly prove to be distinct. I think there can be scar-
cely a doubt that this is the species originally described by Loew
from Caffraria as A. costalis, and that Theobald’s interpretation of
Loew’s species, which is now widely known as A. costalis, is incorrect.
Since, however, Loew’s type appears to be lost, the confusion which
a change in nomenclature would produce may perhaps be legitimately
avoided. A. costalis, Theo, is not yet definitely known to occur in
the Cape Province, though it quite probably does so.
AEDES (FINLAYA) BARNARDI, Sp. n.
Q. Head clothed mostly with rather broad, pointed, close lying
pale ochreous scales. Proboscis blue-black, slender, slightly longer
than the front femora. Palpi blue-black, one-fifth as long as the
proboscis, second segment one-third longer than the first. Tori
ochreous. Eyes practically touching. Thorax with blackish mtegu-
ment, except for the scutellum, which is ochreous. Mesonotum
clothed mostly with black scales, with five straight and rather sharply
marked longitudinal lines of pale ochreous; median line forked a
short distance in front of the scutellum; lateral lines occupying the
margins, and composed of broader scales than the others, expanding
into a rather large patch in front of each wing-base. Scutellum
nearly bare; a few mixed light and dark scales on the mid lobe.
Prothoracic lobes with flat whitish scales; pro-epimera with flat
white scales below, narrow ones above; sternopleura and mesepimera
rather densely clothed with flat white scales. Abdomen blue-black ;
tergites with rather small basal lateral white spots; sternites with
broad white basal bands, narrowed in the middle. Eighth sternite
rather small for the sub-genus, densely clothed with dark scales;
cerci scarcely distinguishable. Legs blue black; front and mid femora
“lal
162 Annals of the South African Museum.
white beneath on the basal third; hind femora white all round on
the basal half; mid and hind femora with a narrow white ring close
to the tip, some dark scales actually at the tip; tibiae uniformly
dark; front tarsi with a few white scales beneath at the bases of
the first two segments; mid and hind ta:si with a narrow white
ring at the base of the first segment, and a broader one, occupying
rather more than half the segment, at the base of the second. Wing-
scales uniformly blackish, outstanding ones lgulate; venation normal.
Wing-length 45 mm.
Caledon division: Oudebosch, 1500 ft. Jan. 1919. 5 QO (cotypes).
The only other Ethiopian species of the subgenus Finlaya are A.
longipalpis, Griinberg, A. fulgens, Edw., A. wellmani, Theo., and
perhaps A. fascipalpis, Edw. The new species is very distinct from
all of those in its thoracic ornamentation, but agrees in leg-markings
with A. wellmani, to which it is obviously not distantly related.
AEDES (ECCULEX) CAPENSIS, sp. n.
Close to A. (#.) marshalli, Theo., differing as follows: — Silvery
scales on anterior lateral margins of mesonotum forming a narrow
line extending from almost the middle line in front to the scutal
angle (in A. marshalli these scales form a shorter and broader patch) ;
no white pre-apical spots on any of the femora.
Caledon Division: Oudebosch, 1500 ft. Jan. 4919. 3 99 (cotypes).
The specimens are in bad condition, and a full description cannot
be given, but the above diagnosis will be sufficient to distinguish
the species. From the nearly allied &. apicoannulatus, Edw., and
A, simulans, N. & C., the new species differs in having (like 4,
marshalli) a pair of small round spots in the middle of the mesonotum
composed of flat silvery scales.
CULEX (NEOCULEX) PERINGUEYI, sp. Nn.
oO. Head somewhat damaged; apparently covered mainly with
narrow curved white scales. Proboscis black-scaled, unusually long
for a Culex, nearly one-third longer than the front femora. Palpi
slender, black scaled, about one-fourth shorter than the proboscis,
almost devoid of hairs, penultimate segment rather longer than the
terminal. Flagellar joints (except the last two) each with a basal
white ring, Thorax with uniformly dark brown integument; meso-
notum covered with rather large light ochreous curved scales. Pro-
thorasic lobes and proepimera with flat white scales; a small patch
of flat white postspiracular scales; larger patches of similar scales
F. W. Edwards, Some Mosquitos from Ovamboland, S. W. Africa. 163
on the sternopleura and mesepimera; one lower mesepimeral bristle.
Abdomen blackish scaled, the segments with narrow apical white
bands. Hypopygium: Side-pieces much swollen at the base, with a
patch of hair beneath; lobe rather deeply divided, proximal division
with three long stout rods, two with slightly hooked tips, the third
more flattened and rounded; distal division with three flattened
plates, one longer and broader than the other two; no accessory
bristles. Clasper nearly straight, but irregularly shaped, with a
rounded postmedian prominence on the flexor surface, apical spine
broad and blunt. Ninth tergite not lobed, with four short hairs in
widely-separated pairs. Tenth tergite unusually well developed,
proximal part broad and hairy, distal part narrower and_ bare.
Tenth sternite without basal arm, and with only a few terminal
spines, two or three of them longer than the rest, flattened and
round-tipped. Mesosome of two simple, pointed, strongly chitinised
lobes. Legs black; femora white beneath, hind femora also white
laterally for four-fifths of their length; tips of femora narrowly but
conspicuously white, those of all the tibiae black. First hind tarsal
segment slightly longer than the tibia. Wings with dark brown
scales, outstanding ones linear, rather long and dense. Upper fork-
cell fully three times as long as its stem, its base considerably nearer
the base of the wing than that of the lower. Wing-length 4.2 mm.
Cape Town, (Dawson). cj’,
This species is very distinct from the other known Ethiopian
species of the group (C. rima, Theo., C. rubinotus, Theo., C. kingia-
nus, Edw., and C. salisburiensis, Theo.) by the characters of the
proboscis, palpi and hypopygium.
( 164 )
4, — The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera) as represented in
the South African Museum. — By M. Bezzi.
Through the kindness of Dr. L. Péringuey, Director of the S. African
Museum I have been able to study an interesting Collection of South
African Nemestrinids on which this paper is based.
The Nemestrinidae form a small family of Diptera, easily distin-
euished by their very peculair venation, the most striking feature of
which is the so-called ‘diagonal vein’’.
There are about 160 species described from the whole World, and
distributed among about 20 well established genera, mostly restricted
to various zoological Regions. Only Hermoneura, Rhynchocephalus and
Atriadops are seemingly represented in several regions of the Old
and of the New World. ‘To these living species must be added
6 fossil ones, 3 belonging to Hermoncura, while the other 3 are
ascribed to peculiar extinct genera; of these last, only one, Prohir-
moneuwra Handlirsch (4906), has been found in Europe, while the
other, Palembolus Scudder (1878), and Hirmoneurites Cockerell (1910)
are both from Florissant, Colorado, U.S. America.
Very little is known of the metamorphosis and the bionomics of
these flies. No doubt they are parasitic upon other insects of various
orders, as proved in the case of the European species Hermoneura
obscura which attacks im an extraordinary manner the Scarabaeid
beetle, Rhizotrogus solstitialis, and of the South American Hfermoneura
exotica which is said to lay its eggs in the nests of Bees of the gen.
Xylocopa.
The adults are flower haunting flies, at least those with well
developed mouth parts; and some of them are very like in their
habits the Bombyliidae with which they may be confounded on super-
ficial examination. The long or very long proboscis of some species is
a proof of their adaptation for visiting some flowers with long, tubular
perianth. Thus Westermann *) has, as far back as 1821, described *)
* Ueber die Lebensweise der Insecten in Ostindien und am Cap. Germar. Mag.
Entom, IV, 1821, p. 411—427. Quoted also by Macquart (1840, pl. 13) and by
Lichtwardt. (1910, p. 618).
M. Beazi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 165
the behaviour of Megistorrhynchus longirostris at the Cape, towards
the flowers of a Gladiolus.
Professor Arias in his Monograph of the Spanish species (4913,
p- 9-10) has given some details on the behaviour of Nemestrinus
aniassi, whic h visits the flower-heads of the Composite plant Onopordon
acanthium L., and on that of Rhynchocephalus tauscheri hovering near
the flowers of the labiate plant Marrubiana vulgare, L. I have ob-
served myself in 1895 in Calabria, South Italy, Tallenia fasciata on
flower-heads of a species of Carduus; it was very common in June,
and when sitting on the flowers, it was easily captured even by the
hand; it very much resembles Bees of the gen. Podalirius. Other
species seem likewise to mimic Aculeate Hymenoptera of the family
Apidae, or related forms. The habits of the species with atrophied
mouth parts are not known; and the same must be said of the widely
spread Genus Hermoneura.
Most of the species are very rare; but this is probably due to the
ignorance of their mode of life; thus Hermoneura obscura, an insect
which is very rare in Europe (in more than 30 years I have never
captured one), was once found by Prof. Handlirsch to be abundant
in its natural habitat
The geographical distribution of the family is very interesting as
was long ago pointed out by Osten-Sacken. Its members are denizens
of warm, dry, almost rainless climates. South Africa is one of the
regions in which they have found their home. It is curious to note
that, while numerous species are known from Northern as well as
from Southern Africa, almost none have been found to occur in the
central parts of the Continent.
The South African forms are peculair to the Region, and of
6 genera represented there, 4 are endemic including the very abun-
dant genus Prosoeca. But the South African fauna is perhaps not
well known as yet in this respect.
Wiedemann, (1818-1830) enumerates only 5 species, and Macquart
(1840-1846) only 4. Loew, in 1860, cotalogued and partly described
as new 11 species. Schiner, in 1868, recorded 20 species, from the
whole of Africa, but only the same number from the South; the
main merit of this record is the important progress made in the
inclusion of the South African species of Nemestrinus having no reti-
culate wings into a special genus Prosoeca.
The Catalogues of Bezzi (1906) and of Kertesz (1909) both include
13 species; but a serious fault of both these Catalogues is that of not
having recognised in its true sense the value of the Schinerian genus
Prosoeca.
166
Annals of the South African Museum.
Finally, in 1910 Lichtwardt in his Monograph enumerates 23 species,
--+ 2 not named, -++ one recorded by Miss Ricardo, but not deter-
mined, ++ the overlooked macularis, Wiedemann, and in 1920 he
added five species to the 8. African fauna.
The absence of the gen. [ermoneura, which is recorded from all
parts of the World is very noteworthy. Very characteristic also is
the absence of the gen. Nemestrinus, which is plentiful in North
Africa and in the Mediterranean region.
For the recent literature on the family, the following works and
papers may be consulted with profit.
ale
2.
5a.
oO
8a.
Suarp, D. Insects. Part H, in “Cambridge Natural History”.
London, 1899.
Hanpurrscu, A. Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der
resenten Formen. Leipzig 1906—1908 V, p. 633 and 41300.
Bezzi, M. Ditteri eritrei raccolti dal dott. Andreini e dal prof.
Tellini. 4. Bull. Soc. ent. ital, XX XVII (1905), 1906, p. 243-244,
Wituiston, 8. W. Manual of North American Diptera. Third
Edition. Illustrated. New Haven and London, 1908. V. p.
486-187.
CockERELL, T. D. A. The Dipterous family Nemestrinidae. Trans.
Am. ent. Soc., XXXIV, 1906, p. 247-254.
— — Fossil Insects and a Crustacean from
Florissant, Colorado. Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XXVIII, 1910,
p. 283-286.
Kertesz, C. Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum.
Vol. IV. Budapestini 1909, p. 22-32.
Verratyt, G. H. British Flies. Vol. V. 7 London 19093:
440-446,
Licutwarpt, B. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nemestriniden. (Dipt.)
Deutsch. entom. Zeitschr,, 1909, p. 143-127,
507-514, 643-651 ; 1910, p. 574-588, 589-624.
— — Die Dipterengatung Nycterimyia. Hntom. Mit-
teil., 1, 1912, p. 26-28.
—— — Die Nemestriniden des Ungarischen National-
Museum im Budapest. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung.
XVII, 1919, p. 274-278.
— — Ueber Afrikanische Nemestriden. Entom.
Mitteil. IX, 1920, p. 97-1014.
Aras, J. Notos dipterologicas. 4. Bol. R. Soc. espafi. H.N.,
19141, p. 561-568.
— — Dipteras de Espana. Fam. Nemestrinidae. Trab.
Mus. nac. de Cienc. Nat., Madrid 1913,
M. Bezzxi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 167
Fam. NEMESTRINIDAE.
Key to the Genera,
The Nemestrinid genera of the South African fauna are distinguished
to} co}
as follows:
(6) 1. Proboscis and palpi not distinct; third antennal joint very short and
(3)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(8)
O1
with a simple style; wings with the ambient vein absent, with the
auxilliary vein closely approximate to the first longitudinal vein, and
with only 3 or 4 longitudinal veins present at apex below the first.
. No ocelli, at the apex of the wing; below the first vein, there are 4 other
-longitudinal veins (the 2nd, the 3rd and the two-branched 4th) all sepa-
rated to the end and thus forming 5 posterior cells; 6th longitudinal
vein two-branched, the lower branch valaies the exillary cell into two
cells. : : . Atriadops, Wand.
9
. Ocelli present; at ies apex of the wing are 3 longitudinal veins only
(the 2nd, the 3rd, and the simple 4th) below the first, thus forming only
3 or 4 posterior cells; 6th longitudinal vein simple, the axillary cell not
being divided.
. Diagonal vein extended to the hind border of the wing; 4 posterior cells
present; 2nd longitudinal vein united by a cross vein to the first, but
wholly separated from the third; discoidal cell very narrow; anal cell
- open; hind border of the wings sinuous. . Nycterimyia, Lichtw.
. Diagonal vein not extended to the hind border; 3 posterior cells only;
second longitudinal vein not united by a cross vein with the first, but
united with the 3rd before reaching the costa; discoidal cell broad; anal
cell closed; hind border of the wings entire . Symmictus, Loew.
. Proboscis and palpi well developed, the former often long or very long;
antennal style triarticulate and sharply separated at base from the rather
elongate third antennal joint; wings with the ambient vein complete,
with the auxiliary vein distant from the first and diverging from it at
end, and with 5 longitudinal veins (the 2nd, the two-branched 3rd, and
the two-branched 4th) present at apex below the first and thus always
with 5 posterior developed cells; diagonal vein always extended to the
hind border of the wing.
. No distinct alula; 6th longitudinal vein straight; 4th posterior cell pro-
vided with a long stalk at the base; wings of the male of a peculiar
shape; eyes in the same sex closely approximate in front of the ocelli;
ovipositor long. : 3 5 Stenobasipteron, Lichtw.
. Alula well developed; 6th engitadinal vein undulate; 4th posterior cell
sessile at base; wings of male not specially shaped rsa eyes not so much
approximate; ovipositor short.
. 6th longitudinal vein simple; apex of wings not reticulate; cond longi-
tudinal yein usually not united with the 3rd by a cross vein
Prosoeca, Schin.
168 Annals of the South African Museum.
(9) 10. 6th longitudinal vein forked, its lower branch dividing the axillary cell
into 2 cells, apex of wings reticulate; 2nd longitudinal vein united by a
cross vein to the upper branch of the third vein as in the gen. Wemes-
trinus . : : 3 : e Megistorrhynchus, Macq.
I. ATRIADOPS, Wandolleck, 1897.
Colax, Wiedemann.
Of this very interesting genus there is at present but a single
african species known, recorded from various localities of the Ethio-
pian Region,.from Abyssinia to the Cape and from the East to the
West Coast.
ATRIADOPS VESPERTILIO, Loew 1858 (africana, Wandolleck 1897).
A very strange fly with inflated body and with a proportionally
small head, distinguished by the chocolate colour of the abdomen,
and by the fuscous, white and black spotted wings.
A single male specimen from Stella Bush, Durban, Natal, Janu-
ary 1915; Mfongosi, Zululand, May 1917; East London. Cape.
II. NYCTERIMYIA, Lichtwardt, 1909.
This genus has a very peculiar venation, having 2 marginal and
2 submarginal cells; the 3rd longitudinal vein is forked, but there
are 3 veins only at apex below the first one, because the upper
branch of the cubital fork ends in the second longitudinal vein,
being shaped as a cross vein, which divides the submarginal cell
into 2. The basal one of these 2 cells is much broader than the
very small discoidal cell; the 2 marginal cells are formed by the
cross vein uniting the 2nd with the first longitudinal vein, and the
apical one is half as long as the basal one. There are only 4
posterior cells, disposed on 2 lines.
The new species here recorded is a very important addition to
the Ethiopian fauna, all the other species of the genus being known
only from the Oriental said Australasian Regions. This new african
species is not very different from the typical ones, the shape of the
wings and the wing-pattern bemg very like those of N. dohrni,
Wandolleck, (from Sumatra, Mafar and the Andaman Islands) and
of N. harni, Lichtwardt (from Kuranda, N. Queensland).
NYCTERIMYIA CAPENSIS, sp. nov.
An elegant species, at once distinguished by the striking shape
and pattern of the wings.
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 169
Type 6, Stella Bush, Durban, Natal, January 1945. (H. W.
Bell—-Marley), already named as above by Dr. Villeneuve.
Oo. Length of body 9 mm.; of a wing 14 mm.; of wing spread
26 mm.
Head flat, a little concave behind, about as broad as the thorax;
it is reddish-brown, only the great ocellar tubercle being blackish.
Eyes bare, very approximate in front of the ocelli, with the upper
areolets much larger than the lower ones, which occupy only the
inferior third of the eye and are sharply separated from the others.
Frons elongate-triangular, gradually broadening forwards, entirely
reddish-brown and clothed with reddish hairs; ocellar tubercle with
darker hairs, while those of the occipital border are reddish. Face
very deeply excavated in the middle with a rounded convexity of
reddish colour, clothed with rather scarce and not very long, reddish
hairs. Antennae very short, with the third jomt rounded and
smaller than the preceding one; they are pale yellowish like the
rather thick style, which is twice as long as the antenna. Thorax
short and broad, distinctly broader than long; it is opaque, reddish-
brown, grey-dusted, with a brown longitudinal patch on each side
from the humeri to beyond the middle, and in addition with a
brown spot on the postalar calli; it is clothed with rather long,
soft, reddish hairs which are denser on the pleurae and scarcer in
front of the scutellum; above the root of-the wings there are some
dark coloured and bristle-like hairs. Scutellum swollen, rounded,
dark reddish brown, clothed with long, erect, reddish hairs. Squa-
mulae rudimentary; halteres whitish, with a dark reddish tuft of
hairs before them. Abdomen as broad, but twice as long as the
thorax; it is reddish browe, opaque, but each segment has 2 rather
shining, greyish, rounded spots in the middle, one on each side; the
reddish hairs are more scattered and shorter than those of the
thorax; venter reddish-grey, scarcely pilose; genitalia promiment,
reddish brown, with a shining lower terminal lamella. Legs very
short and entirely of a pale yellowish colour; front femora thicker
than the others, and more densely pilose, their hairs being moreover
darker than those on the remainder of the legs. Wings narrow and
long, cuneate at base, the alulae being very narrow, almost linear;
they have the fore border quite straight, while at the hind border
there are 3 distinct, rounded projections; one just below the tip,
which is therefore curved downwards, one at the end of the diago-
nal vein, and one at the end of the anal cell. The costa is bare,
and ends at the tip of the 3rd longitudinal vein; the disposition of
the ves is the same as in Wandolleek’s fig. 8. The whole wing
170 Annals of the South African Museum.
is of an opaque reddish-brown colour, which becomes less intense
towards the hind border; the fine, sharply defined, whitish-hyaline
spots are shining with pearly sheen; the disposition of these spots
is more like that of dohrni (Wandolleek’s fig. 7), than that of harni
‘(Lichtwardt’s fig. 41). They are as follows: (1) a spot near the
base of the axillary lobe, with the upper border rounded and the
outer border concave, as in horni; but while in horni it is the upper
corner of the spot which is more prolonged, in capensis we have
the opposite case, the lower corner being the more prolonged one;
(2) an ovate spot into the middle of the second basal cell, less
developed than in dorhni, but much more developed than in horni;
(3) a broad, double spot, which fill up broadly the middle of the
first submarginal cell and is continued above and in front by a
smaller spot, near the end of the first marginal cell; the shape of
this spot is about the same as in dohrni and in horni, but the spot
in capensis is less transverse; (4) a broad, perpendicular streak near
the base of the srd and 4th posterior cells, extended about to the
hind border of the wing; this spot is eminently chatacteristic of the
present species, being in dohrni and in horni indicated only by the
small rounded spot near the base of the 35rd posterior cell; (5) a
transverse streak near the tip of the first posterior cell in contact
with the 3rd longitudinal vein; this is the second or apical one of the
two corresponding streaks of dohrni and of horni, the first or basal
one being quite wanting or only indicated by a small subhyaline
dot which is surrounded by darker parts.
Ill. SYMMICTUS, Loew, 1858.
According to Lichtwardt and in opposition to Arias, I assume here
the present genus to be distinct from the Mediterranean Dicrotrypana,
Bigot.
SyMMICTUS CosTATUS, Loew, 1858.
A very distinct species on account of its peculiar venation. _
Originally described from Caffraria, but never found subsequently.
IV. STENOBASIPTERON, Lichtwardt, 1910.
This peculiar South African genus is very distinct in the male sex;
but the long and cuneate wings, which are destitute of alulae, and
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 171
chiefly the stalked 4th posterior cell will help very well to recognise
even the female.
The known species may be distinguished as follows.
(4) 1. Wings much longer than the body, with the axillary vein hardly dis-
tinguishable not chitinised, straight; antennae entirely yellowish; frons of
the female much narrower than one eye.
2. Proboscis longer than the body; first basal ceil with a “bulla” near the
base of the 2nd longitudinal vein; large size (17 mm.)
wiedemanm, Lichtw.
. Proboscis shorter than the body; no such “bulla” at base of the 2nd vein;
middle size (13 mm.). ‘ gracile, Lichtw.
(1) 4. Wings only a little longer pep the Hedy, with a short but chitinised
axillary vein which is moreover bent at an angle in the middle; 3rd an-
tennal joint black; frons of the female only a little narrower thé&n one
eye; proboscis shorter than the body; no “bulla” at base of the 2nd vein;
small size (7 mm.) . : j : . minimum, sp. nov.
“-s~
(J)
~~
bo
—
bo
wo
STENOBASIPTERON WIEDEMANNI, Lichtwardt, 1910.
Originally described from the Cape, and from Natal. Seymour,
Cape, November 1885 (W. C. Scully); M’fongosi, Zululand, March
1917 (W. E. Jones); Port Alfred, Cape.
STENOBASIPTERON GRACILE, Lichtwardt, 1910.
Originally described from Mashonaland, S. Rhodesia, and not cap-
tured subsequently.
STENOBASIPTERON MINIMUM, Sp. nov.
A small species, being even the smallest South African Nemestrinid
at present known; easily distinguished on account of the peculiar
axillary vein, of the short proboscis and of the black third antennal
joint.
Type Q, a single specimen from Cape Town, Table Mountain,
February 1919 (R. W. E. Tucker).
Q. Length of the body 7 mm.; of the proboscis 45 mm.; of a
wing 7°5 mm.
Head entirely blackish-brown, only the middle of the face being
narrowly reddish. The frons is much broader and much shorter than
in the two preceding species; it is parallel-sided and only a little
longer than broad, being only a little narrower than one eye; it is
divided in the middle by a transverse furrow, which is bare, while
the ocellar half is clothed with erect, dense and long hairs of a red-
172 _ Annals of the South African Museum.
dish colour with a dark end, and the supra-antennal half is clothed
with shorter and more yellowish hairs. The ocelli ave very small
and much apart from each other, disposed on an equilateral triangle,
the anterior one being of a not larger size. Face more shining than
the frons, clothed with yellowish hairs, like those of the beard.
Antennae with the two basal joints red, clothed with yellowish
hairs; first joint about twice as long as the second; third joint of a
deep black colour, regularly conical, about as long as the two first
joints together; arista of a deep black colour, as long as the whole
antenna, with the basal joints well developed. Palpi reddish, narrowly
black at end; proboscis intensely black, a little longer than the half
of the body. Thorax and scutellum blackish-brown, grey-dusted,
rather opaque; the back has two less distinct, dark reddish, longitu-
dinal stripes; they are clothed with erect, rather dense, reddish yellow
hairs; pleurae more densely grey-dusted, with more yellowish hairs,
chiefly those of the meso-pleural tuft. Squamulae and halteres pale
yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown towards the sides and the hind
border of the segments, brownish on the middle, with a shining black
longitudinal stripe which is however less marked; it is clothed with
rather short yellow hairs, which on the sides are of a golden colour;
venter reddish-yellow; ovipositor blackish brown, with black terminal
lamellae. Legs entirely reddish, rather shining, with scarce, pale
yellowish hairs. Wings about as long as the body and thus much
shorter than those of the two preceding species; they are therefore
less distinctly stalked at base, the alulae being however exceedingly
narrow; they are uniformly and faintly infuscated, being yellowish
along the fore border from the base to the end of the costal cell.
The veins are reddish basally, and infuscated apically. The venation
is normal for the genus; the basal stalk of the 4th posterior cell is
as long as the apical cross vein of the 2nd basal cell; the axillary
vein is very short but strong, bent at an angle in the middle and
directed towards the hind border of the wing.
V. PROSOECA, Schin. 1867.
This is the most characteristic genus of the fauna, bemg essen-
tially South African and compresing 75°/, of all the known Neme-
strinids of the Region. The species are in some cases very difficult
to distinguish; but there are among them some very peculiar and
very distinct forms as shown in the Key.
M. Beezi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 4
I
wy)
Key to Species.
1. (2) Upper branch of the cubital fork united by a cross vein with the second
longitudinal vein; all the longitudinal veins upturned at end; proboscis
more than twice as long as the body; wings with a conspicuous pattern
péringueyt, Lichtw.
Upper branch of the cubital fork not united with the second vein.
3. (14) Proboscis slender and longer than the body, usually twice as long and
even longer; all the longitudinal veins at apex of wing with upturned ends.
4. (7) Wings with the median part of the cells infuscated, the veins appearing
thus somewhat edged with yellowish borders.
Abdomen uniformly black, with the hind borders of the segments clothed
with yellow hairs : ‘ longirostris, Macq.
6. (5) Abdomen greyish with a peculiar brown pattern . ganglbauert, Lichtw.
7. (4) Wing-veins not bordered with yellowish.
8. (9) A mostly reddish species, with slightly infuscated wings, which have a
reddish costal stripe; back of thorax with three black longitudinal stripes
rubicunda, n. sp.
9. (8) A mostly blackish or dark grey species; thorax not so striped.
10. (11) Abdomen black, rather shining, with the hind borders of the segments
reddish-brown and whitish-tomentose; species of smaller size
bo
—
po
wa
On
>
(op)
S
nitidula, n. sp.
11. (10) Abdomen greyish, opaque, with the hind half of the middle segments
deeper black; species of larger size.
. (18) Wings infuscated along the fore border; abdomen with a distinct pattern ;
femora entirely reddish; proboscis twice as long as the body
longipennis, Loew.
13. (12) Wings not infuscated at fore border; abdomen without distinct pattern;
___——.__ femora blackish; proboscis less elongated . ‘ . robusta, n. sp.
14. (3) Proboscig thicker, sometimes very robust, and shorter than the body, or
at most as long.
15. (54) The two terminal branches of the fourth vein are not united together
with cross veins; the tuft at the root of the wings is typically white.
16. (41) All the longitudinal veins at apex of wing are turned up at end.
17. (26) Robust species of greater size; proboscis only a little shorter than the
body, or as long, only in one case not longer than the pectus.
18. (25) Proboscis longer than the pectus, usually about as long as the body.
19. (24) Hind legs usually entirely red, with not specially thickened and not in-
tensively black tibiae.
20. (21) Wings greyish hyaline, with a faint yellowish tint at base and along the
fore border; femora broadly black; scutellum black . major, nD. sp.
21. (20) Wings brownish or yellowish, with a distinct coloration; femora entirely
red; scutellum reddish.
22. (23) Abdomen reddish brown, with a row of rounded black spots along the
middle . : : : : ; willowmorensis, Lichtw.
23. (22) Abdomen black, concolorous, not spotted . . flavipennis, Lichtw.
24. (19) Hind legs entirely of a deep black colour, with the tibiae distinctly
thickened, chiefly in the male, owing to the dense and short black ciliation
a
bo
174
bo bo
[e-e)
ae)
30.
or Ot
bo
1. (16)
2. (49)
. (46)
. (45)
5. (44)
3. (43)
_ (48)
_ (47)
. (42)
. (53)
. (52)
2. (51)
Annals of the South African Museum.
a (b) Proboscis rather slender and longer than the thorax: lata, Lichtw.
b (a) Proboscis thick, as long as the thorax or nearly so:
ce (d) Hairs of the underside of head and thorax white becker, Lichtw.
d (c) Hairs of the underside of head and thorax a of right fulvous colour
ignita, N. sp.
Less robust species and of smaller size; proboscis much shorter than
the body.
Abdomen quite opaque.
Wings with infuscated fore border and with a hyaline spot into the
sub-marginal cell, the veins being partly margined with fusceous; frons
hairy, with silvery pubescence below the hairs; abdomen with four dark
spots on each segment : ; macularis, Wied.
Wings not so variegated at fore norder ama with the veins not edged
with fuscous; frons rather bare, or at any rate devoid of silvery pubes-
cence; thorax with black pubescence on the back; abdomen not spotted.
Wings distinctly darkened at fore border and with black veins.
A darker species; abdomen mostly black-haired (zuluensis) cagfraria, Lichtw.
Wings not darkened at fore border and with yellowish veins
umbrosa, Lichtw.
Abdomen shining; frons always pilose; wings more or less variegated at
fore border.
Legs and antennae entirely black . : . handlirscht, Lichtw.
Legs reddish brown.
Frons with silvery or white hairs in front; antennae with third joint
black.
Abdomen broadly shining, as in the preceding species and with a similar
pattern. 6 A . lichtwardti, un. sp.
Abdomen less shining ond desitne ee grey transverse bands
westermannt, Wied.
Frons with no silvery hairs; antennae entirely reddish
circumdata, Lichtw.
Apical veins all or in part quite straight at end.
Second longitudinal vein, and one or both branches of the cubital fork
curved up at end.
Both branches of the cubital fork curved up at end; thorax and abdomen
with a conspicuous pattern.
Antennae with the third joint infuscated . : variegata, Loew.
Antennae quite yellow . 6 quingue, Lichtw.
Only the upper branch of the eabital fork eamed up at end.
Thorax and abdomen with a distinct pattern, like that of the two pre-
ceding species . : : ornata, Lichtw.
Thorax and abdomen anata Heck : ; . atra, Macq.
All the longitudinal veins straight at end.
Abdomen without transverse band of yellowish hairs at base; wings
darkened at fore border, bnt without fuscous spots at end of second basal
cell and at base of cubital fork.
Abdomen clothed with short hairs of pale colour . variabilis, Loew.
Abdomen clothed with longer hairs of darker colour . fusca, Loew.
OU
~—I
M. Beezi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 1
53. (50) Abdomen with distinct basal transverse band of yellowish hairs; wings
with fuscous spots at end of the second basal cell and at base of the
second sub-marginal cell % ; 5 accinota, Wied.
54. (15) The two branches of media are united eth the middle with two cross
veins, which forms a small cell; the tuft at the root of the wing is black
connera, 1. 8p.
PROSOECA PERINGUEYI, Lichtw. 1920.
A characteristic species of great size, and with a very long pro-
boscis; at once distinguished from all the other here recorded on
account of the cross vein uniting the upper branch. of the cubital
fork with the second longitudinal vein, as in the gen. Nemestrinus.
Type Q, from Namaqualand, Klipfontem, Cape Colony, August 1890.
Rk. M. Lightfoot. The connection between the 2nd and the 3rd longi-
tudinal vein in the present species, is in opposition to the main
distinguishing character of the two genera Nemestrinus and Prosoeca ;
but the present species is undoubtedly to be referred to the latter
genus, owing to its general appearance, etc.; the cross vein is besides
very short and perpendicular, (much shorter than the basal part of
the upper branch of the cubital fork), not long and oblique as in
Nemestrinus, in which it is always longer than the basal segment of
the upper branch of the cubital fork.
©. Length of body 46 mm.; of a wing 20 mm.; of the proboscis
34 mm.; of the wing spread 46 mm.
Wholly of a dark reddish-brown colour, but blackish on the back
of the mesonotum, and with a dense grey dust on the abdomen.
Frons with parallel sides, but a little broadening forwardly; it is
less than half of the width of one eye, and is distinctly longer than
broad; it has on the fore half a broad, prominent, rounded tubercle,
which is blackish in colour while the rest of the frons is reddish;
the frons is thus deeply depressed between this tubercle and the
large ocellar one; the long and erect hairs of the ocellar tubercle
are dark, like the short ones of the occipital border; the short and
scarce hairs of the frons are whitish. Antennae with the two basal
jomts of the same length and reddish, the second with long black
hairs which are more numerous beneath, third joint regularly conical,
as long as the first two jomts together, blackish in colour; style
three-jointed, blackish, once and a half as long at the whole antenna.
Face very convex along the middle line, separated from the frons
by a furrow which extends between the antennae; it is about as
long as the frons, reddish, with the upper part blackish; it is clothed
with short white hairs, which are denser on the sides, turning to a
176 Annals of the South African Museum.
fine white beard; the hairs of the lower part of the occiput are
white, but there is a complete crown of black ciliae along the border
even unberneath. Palpi black, obtuse and black-haired at end; pro-
boscis thin and very long, acute at end, black, with reddish base
beneath. Back of mesonotum grey-dusted, adorned with two rather
narrow but sharply defined deep black stripes which are slightly
' converging backwards and end acutely at the transverse suture;
beyond the suture there is a less defined and short, broader brown
stripe in continuation; the sides, humeri and postalar calli are
reddish, and inward of the red sides there is a less defined dark
stripe on each side. Pleurae reddish, grey-dusted and black-spotted
below. The erect hairs of the back are black, but below them there
is a shorter whitish pubescence; on the sides and on the pleurae
the whitish hairs prevail, with some scattered and longer black ones
intermingled; along the notopleural line, there is a dense fringe of
whitish hairs. Scutellum reddish, with black erect hairs; its hind
border is black, and bears longer and more rigid black hairs; the
hairs of the underside are whitish. Squamulae brown, with dense,
long, soft, white fringe, like the metapleural tuft; halteres with
reddish stalk and with a dark knob. Abdomen with a middle row
of three well defined, oblong, blackish-brown spots; each segment
bears moreover on each side an irregular reticulate dark pattern ;
the venter is paler and unspotted; the scattered, erect hairs are
black like the short pubescence of the back; on the sides and the
venter the white hairs are prevalent. The three basal segments of
the tail bear also the blackish middle spot; the terminal lamellae
are black and black-haired. Legs reddish brown, with darker tibiae
and tarsi, those of the hind pair being even black and rater thickened ;
the long hairs of the femora and tibiae are black, while the soft
hairs below the femora are white; the dense and short pubescence
of the tibiae and tarsi is black; breast and coxae with dense white
hairs; claws red, with black tip; pulvilli yellowish. Wings narrow
and long, with narrow but well developed alulae; the extreme base
of the wing is blackish brown, the white basal tuft being therefore
very conspicuous; the veins are reddish-brown, blackened towards
the end; the second longitudinal vein and the upper branch of the
cubital fork are strongly curved up at end and are parallel, while
the end of the other veins are less upturned, even if distinctly so;
first posterior cell considerably narrowed at end; fourth posterior
cell with a sessile but punctiform base. The right wing of the type
is anomalous, showing a second cross vein uniting the upper branch
of the cubital fork with the second longitudinal vein, and having
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). al7i7l
moreover a supernumerary cell of oval shape before the middle of
the upper branch of the cubital fork. The brown pattern is very
marked, consisting in a broad fore border extending about to the
middle of the wing, the end of the first submarginal cell being
however hyaline and fenestra-like; there is moreover abroad, isolated,
brown spot below the discoidal cell filling up the apex of the second
basal and the base of the fourth and of the fifth posterior cells; and
another spot before the end of the diagonal vein, fillmg up the base
of the second and the apex of the fourth posterior cell, extending a
little above and below them. The alula has the hind border hyaline
near the end; the discoidal cell, is almost entirely hyaline, while the
first basal cell is quite infuscated to the end; the second basal cell
is broadly hyaline at end; the second submarginal cell is entirely
infuscated, while the third is almost entirely hyaline in the middle;
the first posterior cell, and the second, more narrowly, are infus-
cated at end forming the apical limit of the fuscous fore border of
the wing.
PROSOECA RUBICUNDA, Sp. nov.
A proportionally small species, very distinct on account of its pre-
valent reddish colour, of its black striped thorax and of the narrow
fringe of white hairs at the hind border of the middle abdominal
segments, _ eee
Type Q, a single specimen from Oudebosch, Caledon Div., Cape
Colony, 1500 ft., January 1919 (K. H. Barnard).
Q. Length of body 14 mm., of the ovipositor 5 mm.; of the pro-
boscis 22 mm.; of a wing 15 mm.
Occiput black, densely grey-dusted, clothed with dense and soft
whitish hairs; on the upper side it has a reddish-yellow triangle
correspondingly to the broad ocellar tubercle which is rounded,
entirely reddish and clothed with long and dense reddish hairs. Frons
broad, reddish, with whitish dust and with whitish hairs; the impressed
- line between the antennae. is darker; the face is in the middle more
reddish than the frons, with a less developed dust and with whitish
hairs on the sides. Basal joints of the antennae reddish-yellow, the
first jot a little longer than the second, which bears long reddish
hairs; third joint wanting in the type. Proboscis much longer than
the body, reddish above and black below, with entirely black end;
palpi reddish-yellow. Beard long and dense, of a pure white colour.
Back of thorax reddish-yellow, with three broad, black, longitudinal
stripes, the median attennuated behind, ending in-a point near the
base of the scutellum; it is clothed with dense and long, dark reddish
42
178 Annals of the South African Museum.
hairs, which are paler near the sides. The pleurae are reddish on
the upper half, blackish on the lower one, with dense tufts of pale
yellowish hairs, and with paler ones on the pectus. Scutellum reddish,
with a small, triangular, blackish spot in the middle at the base; it
is clothed with long, pale yellowish hairs. Squamulae brownish,
with a white fringe; halteres yellowish. Abdomen reddish; first
segment black; second segment with a black middle stripe and with
a dark hind border; third and fourth segments with dark hind border
but without middle stripe; the base of the second and of the third
segment is moreover narrowly black; the short hairs are yellowish
fut at the hind border of the second and of the third segment there
are dense white hairs which form two narrow white stripes inter-
rupted in the middle: the last segment is likewise fringed with dense
white hairs on the sides. Ovipositor reddish at the base with a
black median stripe, black at end. Venter entirely reddish-yellow,
with short pale hairs. Legs quite red, with pale hairs; but only
one of the hind pair is present, in the type. Wings with a faint
but equal infuscation; along the costal cells there is a reddish stripe
between the red costa and the red first longitudinal vein; the
other veins are black, only the diagonal and the fifth being red.
Venation normal; all the longitudinal veins are upturned at end.
Extreme base of wing blackish-brown, with a white tuft.
PROSOECA LONGIROSTRIS, Macquart, 1846.
Described from the Cape as a Hermonewra, but not found sub-
sequently.
PROSOECA GANGLBAUERI, Lichtwardt, 1910.
A species with a very long proboscis, easily distinguishable on
account of its peculiar, but not strikingly marked, wing pattern.
Originally described from a female from Algoa Bay, Cape Colony,
type at Vienna. Grahamstown Cape (Bowker). Cookfontein, Cape
(S. Viljoen). Transvaal, Shilouvane (Junod). The measurements of
this species are as follows: length of body 14 mm.; of a wing
47 mm.: of the proboscis 28 mm.; of the wing spread 41 mm.; the
proboscis is distinctly longer than in the type.
PROSOECA NITIDULA, sp. nov.
A species with a long proboscis, distinguished by the black, mode-
rately shining abdomen, and the infuscated anterior half of the wings.
Type Q, a single specimen from Cape Town, January 1913
(R. M. Licurroot). .
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 179
Q. Length of body 14 mm.; of a wing 17 mm.; of the proboscis
22 mm.; of the wing spread 40 mm.
Frons reddish, but densely grey-dusted, gradually broadening for-
wardly, being twice as broad as at vertex above the root of the
antennae; it is completely convex in the middle, being separated
from the ocellar tubercle by a less deep furrow; it is clothed near
the vertex with whitish, and on the ocellar tubercle with blackish
hairs like those of the middle of the basal part, while those of the
sides of the front part are white. Face considerably shorter than
the frons, regularly convex, separated from the frons by a blackish
transverse stripe, placed into the furrow between the antennae; it
is red, shining and almost bare in the middle, with dense white
hairs on the sides. Antennae with the first joint elongate, reddish-
yellow, white-haired; second joint only one half as long as the first
of a darker reddish colour, with the ciliae black above and white
below; third joint conical, shorter than the first two together and
quite black like the tri-articulate style which is only a little longer
than the whole antenna; the two basal joints of the style are long
and equal being together about as long as the terminal joint. Palpi
upturned, acute, reddish-yellow, pale-haired, with black ciliae at end;
proboscis black, with the basal part red above. Occipital border
destitute of black ciliae; beard dense, soft, white. Thorax blackish,
opaque, dark grey-dusted on the back and light grey-dusted on the
pleurae; on the back, when denuded, are traces of three longitudi-
nal deep black stripes, the two lateral ones being more distinct; the
hairs are pale yellowish on the back, with longer and erect black
ones intermingled, and are whitish on the pleurae. Scutellum red-
dish brown, with black erect hairs and with whitish ones below;
halteres and squamulae hidden between the long pleural tufts.
Abdomen as long as the thorax and a little broader in the middle;
it is black, rather shining on the middle of the segments, reddish-
brown on the sides; each segment has at the hind border a broad,
reddish and pale-dusted band; the hairs are black on the black
parts, whitish at the base and at the hind border of the segments;
venter reddish, grey-dusted and white-haired; tail blackish, with the
terminal lamellae black and black-haired. Legs entirely reddish-
yellow and almost bare; the soft hairs of the femora are white,
while the dense short pubescence of the tibiae and tarsi is reddish;
claws red, with black tip; pulvilli dirty brown. Wings narrow and
long; extreme base black, with white tuft; fore border infuscated
to the second longitudinal vein and to the upper branch of the
cubital fork, the long first basal cell being entirely infuscated in
180 Annals of the South African Museum.
the shape of a projecting tooth directed forwards; the discoidal and
the second basal cell are hyaline, like the well developed alulae and
the hind part of the wing. The veins are red, the auxiliary and
first longitudinal costa, completely, the others broadly blackened at
end like the black ambient vein. All the longitudinal veins are
turned up at end, at the apex, the second and the third more
strongly than the others; first posterior cell not narrowed at end;
base of the fourth posterior cell punctiform but sessile; anal cell
very narrowed at end.
PROSOECA LONGIPENNIS, Loew. 1858.
A species of great size, described from the Cape, and captured
several times in South Africa.
One © example from the Cape; also identified as such by Licht-
wardt (1920).
PROSOECA ROBUSTA, Sp. Nov.
A stout species of large size, closely allied to longipennis, but
distinct owing to the shorter proboscis, the unicolorous dark body
and the whitish hyaline wings.
Type co’, a single, rather old example from Grahamstown.
o. Length of body 20 mm.; of a wing 241 mm.; of the proboscis
25 mm.; of the wing spread 52 mm.; breadth of abdomen at the
second segment 41 mm.
Head entirely black, dark grey-dusted, only the middle of the
face being reddish-brown. Eyes rather contiguous, the frons at the
narrowest point being a little narrower than the distance between
the two basal ocelli, but at root of antennae it is more than three
times as broad; hairs of ocellar tubercle blackish, while on frons
they are dense, yellowish whitish on the sides on the basal half, and
erect on the whole apical half. The face is separated from the
frons by a narrow furrow: it is convex and bare in the middle,
prominent in profile, clothed with dense, pale yellowish hairs on
the sides; beard dense and long, soft, of a pale yellowish colour;
occipital border devoid of black hairs. First antennal joint longer
than the globular second, both dark reddish in colour, infuscated
above, with pale yellowish hairs, those of the under side being more
rigid and longer; third joint more lightly reddish, of conical shape,
about as long as the two first joints together; style blackish, a
little longer than the whole antenna, with the two basal joints
equally long, the third yellowish at end and longer than the other
two together. Palpi reddish, with long pale yellowish hairs below ;
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 181
proboscis not very thin, black above, reddish below. Thorax very
broad, subquadrate, entirely black, opaque, dark grey-dusted, wit-
hout any pattern at all; on the back it is clothed with an erect,
equal, greyish pubescence with scattered and longer black hairs
intermingled; on the sides there is a stripe of dense yellowish hairs;
the pleurae are clothed with pale yellowish hairs. Scutellum broad
and short, with a very prominent hem at the hind border, coloured
and clothed like the thorax. Metapleural tuft long and dense,
yellowish, halteres reddish-yellow. Abdomen broad and flat, as long
as the thorax but a little broader; it is coloured like the thorax,
the last segments only being narrowly reddish towards the sides; it
is clothed above with short, black hairs, and has longer pale-
yellowish hairs at the base and at the hind border of the segments;
the hairs of the sides are denser and entirely yellowish, without
any dark ones. Venter grey-dusted, whitish haired, with the apical
segments more broadly reddish. Legs stout and rather bare; the
long hairs of the femora are whitish, while the short and dense
pubescence of the tibiae is yellowish; the four anterior femora are
black with narrow reddish tip, the posterior ones are of a reddish
colour with a blackish stripe below; tibiae and tarsi entirely reddish-
yellow; claws of great size, red with black apical half; pulvilli and
empodium dirty whitish; coxae black. Wings whitish hyaline,
slightly yellowish at base and along the fore border; costa reddish,
the other veins pale yellowish, more reddish at end; all the apical
veins are strongly upturned at end: the stalk of the cubital fork is
shorter than the portion of the diagonal vein below it; first poste-
rior cell not narrowed at end, but distinctly narrower than the
others; the sessile fourth posterior cell has a rather broad, not
punctiform, contact with the second basal cell; anal cell much
narrowed at end. Alulae broad and short, less than twice as long
as broad at end. The extreme base of the wing is reddish brown,
with a-white tuft.
PROSOECA MAJOR, Sp. Nov.
Closely allied to the preceding species of which it may possibly
be the female but distinct owing to the much stouter and shorter
proboscis, and the darker pubescence of the thorax.
Type 9, Gt. Winterhoek, Tulbagh, Cape. 5000 ft., April 1916
(R. M. Licutroor). Willowmore, Cape (H. Brauns).
Q. Lenght of body 20 mm.; of a wing 22 mm.; of proboscis
16 mm.; of the wing spread 54 mm.; breadth of the abdomen 11 mm.
Head as in the preceding, but with less prominent and shining
182 Annals of the South African Museum.
black face; the frons is reddish-brown on the anterior convexity ;
the hairs of the ocellar tubercle are of a deeper black colour. The
frons is only a little broader than in the preceding species. The
antennae have the third joint black on the apical half; the style is
entirely black, with the first jomt shorter than the second, and with
the last joint more than twice as long as the first two joints together.
Beard of a gold yellow colour, like the hairs of the underside of the
palpi; proboscis black and very stout. Thorax as in the preceding
species, but on the back it is clothed with a dense, erect pubescence
of a deep black colour; there is no distinct lateral stripe, the black
hairs being abundant even on the sides, as they are dominant on
the pleurae also, only the metapleural tuft being gold yellow, Scu-
tellum with long black hairs; halteres yellowish, with blackish knob.
Abdomen as in the preceding species, but entirely black even at end
and on the venter; the pubescence at the middle of the segments
is deep black, but at the hind border of each segment there are
dense hairs of a gold-yellow colour, forming transverse bands; ter-
minal lamellae of the ovipositor black and black-haired. Legs as in
the preceding species, but with tibiae and tarsi darker reddish or
reddish-brown; hind femora darker: claws black, with a narrowly
red base. Wings more greyish-hyaline, with the base and the fore
half darker yellowish; venation exactly the same as in the preceding
species.
PROSOECA WILLOWMORENSIS, Lichtwardt 1910.
Originally described from 2 males in the Museum at Budapest,
and not found subsequently; typical locality Willowmore. Cape Co-
lony, November 1904 (Kobrow).
PROSOECA FLAVIPENNIS, Lichtwardt 1910.
Described from a single male specimen in the British Museum,
without a precise locality.
Prosogeca LATA, Lichtwardt 1910.
This species was known only by the type in the British Museum,
from Natal, Port Shepstone, May 1897 (G. A. K. Marshall).
Cape? Kookfontein (J. V. Goer).
One 2 example from Natal, identified as such by Lichtwardt.
PROSOECA BECKERI, Lichtw. 1920.
Montagu Pass (N. Brauns): Saldanha Bay (R. N. Lightfoot); Cape
Town ‘Table mountain” November 1914 (K. H. Barnard); Cogman’s
M. Beazi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 183
Kloof, Montagu Distr. October 1922 (R. F. Lawrence) Cape. Woodbush
Ville, Transvaal, April. C. J. Swierstra). A robust species of larger
size, with a thick black proboscis as long as the thorax and showing
broad terminal flaps. Upper side of body blackish-grey, with darker
stripes on thorax and a row of dark spots along the middle line of
the abdomen. Underside of body white clothed with long white
hairs. In the present specimen the legs are not entirely black, the
underside of the femora and of the tibiae being dark red. The
hitherto undescribed female is very like the male, but distinct by
the frons being a little broader, and the wings more narrowly in-
fuscated, the infuscation not extending beyond the second longitu-
dinal vein.
PROSOECA IGNITA, 1. Sp. ©’.
A very distinct and robust species near becker, at once distinguish-
able by the bright fulvous hairs of the pleurae and of the chin
and breast. Woodbush Ville, April, (C. J. Swierstra) New Agatha,
Transvaal, March.
Oo Length of body 16-18 mm.; breadth of abdomen 9-10 mm.;
length of wing 22-28 mm.; wing expanse 54-60 mm.; length of
proboscis 9-10 mm.
Head black, dark reddish and white dusted on the frons, shining
reddish on the face. The hairs of the vertex and of the ocellar
plate are black; frons bare; face with a few dark hairs on the sides;
occiput grey with pale yellowish hairs; mentum with long ant
dense bright fulvous hairs. Antennae and arista black, the first an-
tennal joint dark reddish, the second with long black hairs. Palpi
black or very dark reddish; proboscis black, with dark reddish base;
it is thick and only a little longer than the breast. Thorax and
scutellum opaque, black, dark greydusted, with black erect hairs;
pleurae and breast with dense tufts of bright fulvous hairs; meso-
pleurae with black hairs in the middle, but above there is a stripe
of fulvous hairs along the notopleural line; metapleural tufts very
long, bright fulvous, visible from above. Halteres blackish. Abdo-
men broad, dark reddish, the segments with blackish hind border;
it is clothed with black erect hairs, denser near the base and along the
sides; outer border light reddish, clothed with bright fulvous omentum
at the sides. Legs stout, black, black haired, the femora dark red-
dish below. Wings greyish hyaline, infuscated along the fore border
as far as the first basal cell; veins reddish brown, upturned at end;
basal tuft white.
IS) Annals of the South African Museum.
PROSOECA WESTERMANNI, Wied. 1821.
A well-known species. Montagu, 2000 ft., 1919 (R. W. Tucker).
Seven Weeks Poort, (EK. P. Phillips) Cape Colony; Howick Natal.
(J. Cregoe).
In the present specimen the abdomen is almost entirely black and
very shiny, being a little brownish only towards the middle and
being moreover quite unspotted; the elegant pattern on the back of
the mesonotum is well marked. The wings are variegated in a
characteristic manner, as described by Wiedemann and by Lichtwardt.
Wiedemann in his original description has already noticed that
there are specimens with nearly entirely black abdomen.
PROSOECA MACULARIS, Wiedemann 1828.
Originally described from the Cape, and not recorded subsequently,
being even overlooked in Lichtwardt’s Monograph of 1910.
PROSOECA ZULUENSIS, Lichtwardt 1920.
A dark species of middle size, distinct by the blackish, but not
sharply defined, fore border of the wings. Specimens from M’fongosi,
Zululand. May 1917 (W. E. Jones); Transvaal (Woodbush Ville);
Leydenburg, Barberton. Originally described from the Transvaal.
(The male only being known, some additional descriptive notes are
given here.)
Frons of the female only a little broader than that of the male,
nearly bare. in both sexes. Second antennal joint with long black
cilia above and below; third joint conical, about as long as the two
first joints together; style with the two basal joints of equal length
and the terminal joint twice as long as the two other together.
Face with scarce hairs on the sides; palpi with white hairs below;
beard white; proboscis thick, red above, black at end and _ below.
Scutellum lke the back of the thorax. Halteres with blackish knob.
Venter reddish; terminal lamellae of the ovipositor black and black-
haired. Tibiae and tarsi darker than the femora, the tarsi being
almost blackish; claws black, with red base; pulvilli and empodium
dirty brownish. Stalk of cubital fork proportionally long, being
longer than the portion of the diagonal vein below it; first posterior
cell not narrowed at end; fourth posterior cell sessile at base, but
there not punctiform; anal cell narrowed; alulae narrow, about three
times as long as broad at end. Extreme base of wing black, with
white tuft. Veins mainly black.
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 185
PROSOECA CAFFRARIA, Lichtwardt 1910.
The true caffrauria has not been seen by me. It is described as
coming from the Transvaal. Recorded also from Barberton, New
Agatha, Lemana, Woodbush Ville.
(P. zuluensis is a close ally of, if not identical with cafraria, Editor).
ProsoEcA UMBRosA, Lichtwardt 1910,
Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinct by the more
lightly coloured body and wings.
Originally described from Natal, East London, Cape, (EK. Borcherds)
Howick, (Cregose) Durban, Karkloof, Natal, May 1915 (H. W. Bell-
Marley).
Frons and face entirely reddish, like the antennae and the legs,
which have not infuscated tarsi; the ciliae of the second antennal
jot are yellowish. Scutellum reddish brown. Abdomen distinctly
reddish above on the sides of the segments. Wing-veins entirely
reddish-yellow; wing-base reddish-brown; base of fourth posterior
cell punctiform.
Prosorca ATRA, Macquart 1846.
Originally described from the Cape as a Hermoneura and placed
in the present genus by Lichtwardt in 1910; it seems to be closely
allied to the species described here for the first time under the name
of connexa. I have examined the example named by Lichtwardt.
PROSOECA LICHTWARDTI, Nn. sp.
Closely allied to handlirschi Lichtw., but at once distinguished by
the entirely red legs.
Type Q, a single specimen from Paarl, Cape. October 1888 (R.
M. Lightfoot).
This is the same specimen recorded by Lichtwardt without a
name (1920, p. 100, No. 127), as being intermediate between hand-
lirschi and westermanni.
It is now described as new, and named in honour of the Mono-
grapher of the Nemestrinidae, whose studies have greatly contri-
buted to the progress of our knowledge of these interesting flies.
Q. Length of body 12 mm.; of wing 15 mm.; of wing spread
26 mm. Frons black, grey-dusted, a little narrowed towards the
middle; it is clothed with long dark erect hairs on the ocellar
tubercle, and with more short but dense and bent forwards, whitish
ones on the frontal half. Occiput grey-dusted, with thin whitish
186 Annals of the South African Museum.
hairs at border. Face convex, densely clothed with whitish hairs,
like those of the anterior part of the frons; beard whitish. Anten-
nae entirely black, the second basal joint grey-dusted and clothed
with long pale yellowish hairs; third joint elongate, conical, as long
as the two first joints together: arista deep black as long as the
whole antenna, with the two basal joints of equal length. Palpi
reddish, with long yellow hairs; proboscis black, short and stout, as
long as the vertical diameter of the head. Thorax entirely clothed
with pale yellowish hairs, which are short on back and longer on
the pleurae; on the back it is black, with two narrow but complete
whitish longitudinal stripes in the middle; on the sides, in contact
with the notopleural bare line, there is a broader whitish stripe, on
which are several black hairs. Pleurae densely grey-dusted. Scu-
tellum black, grey-dusted, with long yellow hairs at hind border.
Squamulae and halteres blackish. Abdomen shining black, the hind
border of each segment with an opaque dark grey transverse band,
which is broader in the middle, chiefly on the last segments, moreo-
ver there is in the middle of each segment a triangular opaque spot,
with the base at hind border; the hairs are black on the back of
the tergites, yellowish on the side and on a transverse band a base;
venter densely grey-dusted, with pale hairs. Legs entirely reddish
with very short reddish pubescence. Wings greyish-hyaline, a little
infuscated along the fore border and with the first basal cell; vein
reddish-yellow, those of apex curved up at end; tuft at root white.
Stalk of cubital fork rather long; base of fourth posterior cell not
punctiform; anal cell narrowed at end; alulae rather broad.
PROSOECA CIRCUMDATA, Lichtwardt 1910.
This species is at once distinguished from the two preceding ones
by its hairy frons and its moderately shiming abdomen.
Originally described from Natal. Durban, Natal, February 1914
(W. Haygarth); Transvaal, Woodbush (Leigh). Frons clothed with
long, erect, whitish hairs; ocellar tubercle black and black-haired.
Basal joints of the antennae with whitish ciliae; the two basal
joints of the style are short, measuring together a third only of the
length of the terminal jomt. Proboscis black above. Thorax with
ereyish pubescence on the back; scutellum with gold-yellow hairs.
Halteres with a dark knob. Hairs of abdomen rather long and
entirely yellowish. Stalk of the cubital fork long; base of the fourth
posterior cell not punctiform: alulae narrow; veins reddish brown,
blackened at end; basal tuft white.
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 187
PROSOECA HANDLIRSCHI, Lichtwardt 1910.
A robust species with a very short and stout proboscis, eminently
characterised by the shining black, grey-banded abdomen, and by
the entirely black legs. Originally described from Robinson’s Pass;
there is a female specimen, likewise from a mountainous distinct,
Gt. Winterhoek, 5000 ft., Tulbagh, April 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot);
Hottentots Holland Mountains, 4000 ft. (K. H. Barnard); Caledon,
Cape (L. Péringuey).
Proboscis entirely black, even above at base; second joint of the
style longer than the first, both measuring together more than one
half of the rest. Scutellum with gold-yellow hairs like the meta-
pleural tufts. Claws black, with a red base; pulvilli and empodium
yellowish. Stalk of the cubital fork long; base of the fourth poste-
rior cell not punctiform.
PROSOECA QUINQUE, Lichtwardt 1920.
I have seen the type of Lichtwardt; the species seems to be not
easily distinguishable from variegata Loew.
PROSOECA VARIEGATA, Loew 1858.
Described from the Cape and recorded from South Africa by
Lichtwardt.
PROSOECA ORNATA, Lichtwardt 1910.
Originally described from Simon’s Town, Cape. I refer with doubt
to it a not well preserved male example from Grahamstown Cape,
in my collection. This specimen shows the venation characters of
the species, but has a less developed general pattern of the body.
PROSOECA VARIABILIS, Loew 1858.
Distinct by the non spotted wings, which have moreover quite
straight veins at apex.
Originally described from Caffraria; is possibly the female of
fusca, Loew.
There is a female specimen from Durban, Natal, February 1914
(W. Haygarth), answering very well to Loew’s description. The
stalk of the cubital fork is long; the fourth posterior cell is puncti-
form at base; the alula is very narrow; the basal tuft is white.
ProsoEca FuscaA, Loew, 1860.
Known from various localities in Natal, and described originally
from “Caffraria”. A doubtful miniature female example from Cape
Town, is referred to this species.
188 Annals of the South African Museum.
ProsoEca accincTa, Wiedemann 1830.
Originally described from the Cape, and recorded subsequently
from Natal. I have seen one male from Barberton, Transvaal, deter-
mined by Lichtwardt.
PROSOECA CONNEXA, Sp. Nov.
A black and black-haired species with spotted wings, easily dis-
tinguishable from all the others on account of the black basal tuft of
the wings, and of the united branches of the fourth longitudinal vein.
Type o', a single specimen from Durban, Natal, February 1914
(W. HayGartH). Occurs also in the Transvaal. Woodbush.
It is very near accincta, being possibly only a variety of it; but
it is much blacker and black-haired, thus answering probably to atra.
o. Length of body 12 mm.; of proboscis 40 mm.; of a wing 43
mm.; of wing-spread 32 mm. Frons black, grey-dusted, rather nar-
rowed before the front ocellus; it is clothed with long, dense and
erect black hairs, those of the anterior part being developed like
those of the ocellar tubercle. Occiput hollowed, black, grey-dusted
below, with short black hairs at the border. Face convex, reddish,
with long black hairs on the sides; beard yellowish. The two
basal jointe of the antennae are reddish-yellow, the first being longer
than the second, which has very long black cilia above and below;
third joint deep black, narrowly conical, as long as the first two
Joints together; style black, a little longer than the whole antenna,
with the basal two jomts of equal length. Palpi reddish, with black
tip and with black cilia at end; proboscis a little shorter than the
body, red above at base, black on the apical half and below. Thorax
and scutellum of a deep, velvety black colour and opaque; they are
clothed with long and dense black hairs; the pleurae are grey-dusted
and black-haired, even the subalar and metapleural tufts being black.
Halteres black. The abdomen in the middle is coloured like the
thorax, while on the sides it is rather broadly reddish brown; the
hairs are black, pale yellowish on the sides of the first segment,
but not forming the yellowish band of accincta. Venter more lightly
reddish, grey-dusted, with yellowish pubescence; genitalia reddish
brown behind and below, dark-haired. Legs entirely reddish on the
femora, more pale yellowish on the tibiae and on the tarsi, the last
tarsal jot only. being darkened; the long hairs of the femora are
black, while the short pubescence of the tibiae is yellowish; claws
black, with red base; pulvilli and empodium dirty yellowish. Wings
infuscated on the fore half, greyish hyaline on the hind one, but
M. Bezzi, The South African Nemestrinidae (Diptera). 189
the limit is not sharply defined; there are besides some diffuse
fuscous spots at the end of the second basal cell and at the base of
the fourth posterior cell (round its punctiform base), at the end of
the first basal cell and at the base of the cubital fork. The veins
are black, only the aixillary one and the first bemg dark reddish;
the extreme base is black, with a black tuft. All the longitudinal
veins are quite straight at end; the stalk of the cubital fork is long;
first posterior cell irregularly shaped; second posterior cell divided
into three cells by two supernumerary cross veins placed near its
middle and forming thus a small trapezoidal cell between them;
base of the fourth posterior cell punctiform; anal cell narrowed at
end. Alula very narrow.
Possibly an aberrant example of atra Macq.
MEGISTORRHYNCHUs, Macquart, 1840.
In the present genus are comprised the more highly specialised
species of the South African Nemestrinidae, with a remarkable net-
work on the apical half of the wings, and with an often exceedingly
long proboscis. The two known species may be distinguished as
follows:
(2) 1. Proboscis as long as the body or nearly so; lower branch of the anal
vein not appendiculated in the middle, or with a very short appendage
outwardly : : . brevirostris, Wied.
(1) 2. Proboscis many Lines ences than An body; lower anal branch with a
long appendage in the middle, placed inwardly . longirostis, Wied.
MEGISTORRHYNCHUS BREVIROSTRIS, Wiedemann, 18214.
A very interesting fly closely allied to the following one, but dis-
tinct owing to the above quoted characters. Originally described
from the Cape. There is a male specimen from Gt. Winterhoek,
Tulbagh, Cape, 4500 ft., November 1914. (R. M. Lightfoot).
The grey spots of the abdomen are isolated as in lonyirostris, The
stalk of the cubital fork is short; the fourth posterior cell is broadly
sessile at base; the anal cell is nearly closed at the wing border;
the alula is rather broad, being a little more than twice longer than
broad at end; the basal tuft at root of wing is white.
MEGISTORRHYNCHUS LONGIROSTRIS, Wiedemann, 1819.
One of the most typical South-African insects; frequently recorded
from the Cape. Montagu, Cape (F. W. Purcell); another example,
without locality.
A.
accincta (Prosoeca)
africana (Atriadops)
atra (Prosoeca)
Atriadops
B.
beckeri (Prosoeca)
INDEX.
— =
PAGE
Wied. . 188
Wandlk. . 168
Macq.. . 185
Wandlk. . 168
Lichtw. . 182
brevirostris( Megistorrhynchus) Wied. 189
C.
caffraria (Prosoeca) Lichtw. . 185
capensis (Nycterimyia) Bez. . 168
circumdata (Prosoecay Lichtw. . 186
Colax Wiedem. . 168
connexa (Prosoeca) Bez. . 188
costatus (Symmictus) Loew.. . 170
F.
fusca (Prosoeca) Loew.. . 187
flavipennis (Prosoeca) Lichtw. . 182
G.
ganglbaueri (Prosoeca) Lichtw. . 178
gracile (Stenobasipteron) Lichtw. 171
Jel,
handlirschi(Prosoeca) Lichtw. . 187
I.
ignita (Prosoeca) Bez. . 183
L.
lata (Prosoeca) Lichtw. . 182
lichtwardti (Prosoeca) Bez. . 185
longipennis (Prosoeca) Loew. . . 180
longirostris (Prosoeca) Macq. . . 178
longirostris (Megistorrhyn-
chus) Wied. . . 189
M.
macularis (Prosoeca) Wied. . . 184
major (Prosoeca) Bez. . 181
Megistorriynchus .
minimum (Stenobasipteron) Bez.
N.
nitidula _ (Prosoeca)
Nycterimya
O.
ornata ( Prosoeca)
BS
péringueyi (Prosoeca)
pictipennis (Prosoeca)
Prosoeca
Q.
quingue (Prosoeca)
R.
robusta —_ ( Prosoeca)
rubicunda (Prosoeca)
S.
Stenobasipteron
Symmactus
Wi:
umbrosa (Prosoeca)
Wee
variabilis (Prosoeca)
variegata (Prosoeca)
vespertilio (Atriadops)
W.
Bez.
Lichtw.
Lichtw.
Lichtw.
Bez...
Schin. .
Lichtw.
Bez.
Bez.
Lichtw.
Loew. .
Lichtw.
Loew. .
Loew. .
Loew. .
westermanni (Prosoeca) Wied. .
wiedemanni(Stenobasipteron)Lichtw. 171
willowmorensis (Prosoeca) Lichtw.
Z.
zuluensis (Prosoeca)
Lichtw.
PAGE
5 GY)
> ml
5 Was
. 168
. 184
182
. 184
(191 )
5. — The South African Mydaidae (Diptera) as represented in the
South African Museum. — By Prof. M. Bezzi.
The species of the family Mydaidae can at once be distinguished
by the shape of the antennae, and the peculiar venation of the wings.
They cannot be confounded with any other South African Diptera;
their greatest affinity is with the Nemestrinidae and with the Apio-
ceridae. But the species of the former are very different in the short,
broad and villose body, in the short antennae, and in the more
numerous veins free at end in the apical part of the wings. And
those of the latter, of which only one South African species, Ripido-
syrma alastor, Walker 1849 = braunsi, Melander 1907 discovered at
Willowmore (Cape) by Dr. H. Brauns is hitherto known, are at once
distinguishable by the strong macrochaetae on the sides of the back
of the mesonotum, and by the very different antennae. A super-
ficial resemblance in the shape of the head and of the elongate body
with the Asilidae is no doubt deceptive to an inexperienced eye;
but even in this case the shape of the antennae, the absence of
macrochaetae and the neuration of the wings are sufficient for an
easy identification. 7
A peculiar and very conspicuous feature of the Mydaidae, is the
presence of two prominent callosities or bullae at the sides of the
hind border of the second abdominal segment; these bullae are
equally developed in both sexes and have a different colouration
from that of the surronnding parts; they are often described by the
authors as an interruption of yellowish or whitish hind border of
the second segment of the abdomen.
The family of the Mydaidae is not a numerous one, only 140 species
distributed among 16 genera, are at present known.
Moreover the species are of the greatest rarity among the Diptera,
being but poorly represented in collections, and usually only by
single specimens; no long series have been obtained, and therefore
we have no idea of the variability of the species. They are repre-
sented chiefly in South America and Australia, being very scarce in
the Oriental Region. In Africa they seem to occur chiefly along the
4:92 Annals of the South African Museum.
Mediterranean region and in the South, and are almost entirely
absent from Central Africa. But the number of African species is
quite small, in the old Monographs of Wiedemann and Westwood
only a few are included. Loew in his work on South African Diptera
describes only 4 species of Cephalocera; Gerstaecker in his Monograph
has added a few. The total mumber of the known Ethiopian species
is at present 17. In recent times no new species have been described
from South Africa, except those published by Gerstaecker in 1868.
Very little is known of the habits of the adults. Old writers have
stated that they are predaceous, and this was stated afresh recently
by Prof. Arias; but it seems that they are flower-visitors. It must
be remembered that some species have the mouth parts atrophied,
while others have them elongated and slender. The known larvae
live in wood and live probably on wood-boring larvae of Coleoptera.
Some South American species are the largest of all the living Diptera ;
but the South African ones are only of medium size, and have as a
rule an elongate body of Asilid appearance.
The following is the more important literature on the family.
WIEDEMANN, C. R. W. Monographia generis Midarum. Nov. Act.
Acad. Nat. Curioa., XV, 1831, p. 19-56, 3 pl.
Macquart, M. Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Diptéres, I, 1834,
p. 270-275.
_— — Diptéres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. I, 2,
1859, p. 9-14, and various Supplements to 1855.
Westwoop, J. C. Arcana entomologica, or Illustrations of new, rare
and interesting exotic insects. I, 1841, p. 50-55, pl.
Waker F. List of the specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. VI, Suppl. Il, 1854, p. 357-376.
Lorw, H. Die Dipteren-fauna Siid Afrikas. I, 1860, p. 252-253.
Scutner, J. R. Diptera der Novara Reise. 41868, p. 151-154.
GERSTAECKER, A. Systematische Uebersicht der bis jetzt bekannt
ecwordenen Mydaiden. Stett. Entom. Zeit. XXIX, p. 64-103, 1 pl.
OsTEN SAckEN, C. R. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Diptera I, 1886,
p. 68-73 & 1901, p. 267-268.
Wituiston, S. W. Notes and descriptions of Mydaidae. T'rans.
Kansas. Acad. Sci. XIV, 1897, p. 53-58.
Becker, Tu. Die Ergebnisse meiner dipterologischen Frithjahrsreise
nach Algier & Tunis. Zeitschr. fiir Hym. Dipterolog., VI, 1906,
p. 275-281 and 353.
Wiuiston, 8. W. Manual of North American Diptera. Third Edition.
41908, p. 190-191.
VERRALL, G. H. British Flies. V, 1909, p. 603-609.
M. Bezzi, The Suuth African Mydaidae (Diptera). 193
Kerresz, C. Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. IV, 1909,
p. 33-47.
Hermann, E. & H. Sauter’s Formosa Ausbeute. Mydaidae. Hntom.
Mitteil. II, 1914, p. 34-37.
Arias, J. Dipteros de Espana. Fam. Mydaidae. Trab. del Mus.
Nac. de Cienc. Nat. de Madrid, 1914, p. 5-40, 6 pl.
Matuacn, J. R. A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of
Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters; with keys
to imagines in certain families. I. Bull. of the Illin, St. Labor,
On Nw li) XG 1917, -p: 370=373.
Brunetti, E. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon & Burma.
Diptera Brachycera. Vol. I. 1920, p. 314-321.
Bezzi, M. Note sur le genre Perissocerus Gerst. avec description
@une éspéce nouvelle. Bull. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de l Afr. du
Nord, XII, 1921, p. 136-142.
Fam. MYDAIDAE.
The South African genera of Mydaidae, with the addition of four
new ones, can be distinguished as follows. All have the circlet of
spines at the end of the female abdomen, and in all the palpi are
hardly visible. It is not at all impropable that species of the gen.
Mydas will be found in Africa, as they are present in the Oriental
Region; they can be recognised by the non spinose ovipositor, by
the well developed palps and by the presence of the hind marginal
cross-vein on the wings. In all the genera here enumerated both
branches of the cubital fork (R4 & R45) end into the first longi-
tudinal vein (R11); the North African genera Rhopalia and Perisso-
cerus, Which have the lower branch of the cubital fork (R5) ending
into the costa, may perhaps be found to occur in South Africa.
Key to the Genera.
(2) 1. Hind margin of the wings in the middle with a cross vein, which is the
end of the upper branch of the fifth longitudinal vein (M, + M,); *
both branches of the cubital fork (R, and R,) ending into the first vein
(Ry), but the fourth vein (M,_.) ending free in the costa; terminal
cross-veln of the third posterior cell** about as long as that of the
* This M, is the Cu, of the Comstock-Needham System; but according to the
recent investigations of Dr. Tillyard, the Cubitus is a strong straight unbranched
vein in the Diptera, as it is also in their ancestral forms, the Mecoptera. Thus
Cu, becomes Cu,,; and Cu, becomes My.
** Under the name of third posterior cell I have always called the cell placed
immediately below the discoidal cell; it is considered as the fourth posterior cell
by authors, and is really the fourth in some non African genera, like Diochlistus,
T'richonus or Mitrodetus.
13
194
@) 2
(6) 3.
(5) 4.
(4) 5.
(3) 6.
(10) 7
(9) 8
(8) 9
(7) 10
(12) 11.
(11) 12.
Annals of the South African Museum.
discoidal cell; proboscis rudimentary or very short; metapleurae bare;
2—3 last abdominal segments of the female quite bare; hind tibiae with
strong terminal spine, at least in the male. : Ectyphus, Gerst.
No hind-marginal cross-vein, the upper branch of the fifth vein ending
into the fourth vein; terminal cross-vein of the third posterior cell usually
much shorter than that of the discoidal cell; 2—3 terminal segments of
the female abdomen with a peculiar pubescence directed forwards; hind
tibiae without terminal spine, or with a very small one.
Fourth long vein (M,_ 2) ending free into the costa, at some distance
from the terminal stalk of the second submarginal cell, the first posterior
cell being therefore broadly open at end.
Cubital fork not appendiculated; proboscis shorter than the mouth, not
projecting; hind femora, even in the female, much thickened and with
4 rows of strong spines below; hind tibiae with a small but distinct
terminal spine, body nearly bare . : Haplomydas, gen. nov.
Cubital fork appendiculate; proboscis well developed, usually rather long
and always projecting; hind femora less thickened, those of the female
almost simple, with 2 rows of spines below; hind tibiae without terminal
spine; body more or less villose : : . Leptomydas, Gerst.
Fourth longitudinal vein ending into the first vein or in contact with it;
the second submarginal cell never stalked at end, and the first posterior
cell always closed at end and sometimes stalked.
. Fourth longitudinal vein meeting at costa with the first, no stalk of the
first posterior cell being therefore present; proboscis short or even rudi-
mentary.
. Hind femora not thickened, never spinose beneath; proboscis rudimentary;
third antennal joint very short; body smooth Halterorchis, gen. noy.
. Hind femora thickened and armed with strong spines placed on prominent
tubercles; proboscis short, but well developed; third antennal joint long;
abdomen pedunculate; body deeply punctulate Mydaselpis, gen. nov.
. Fourth longitudinal vein ending into the first, the first posterior cell being
thus provided with a well developed stalk; proboscis well developed and
long; abdomen not pedunculate, never deeply punctulate; hind femora
spinose beneath.
Upper branch of the fifth longitudinal vein (M, or Cu,) originating from
the second basal cell, as in all the preceding genera, the third posterior
cell being thus as broad at base as at end; proboscis thick, and usually,
with broad terminal flaps; body and legs nearly bare
Nomoneura, gen. nov.
The above named vein issuing from the anal cell, the third posterior cell
being thus very broad at base; proboscis thin and sharp, with very small
terminal labella; body and legs rather villose . Cephalocera, Latr.
GEN. ECTYPHUS, Gerstaecker. 1868.
This is a typical South-African genus, very distinct from all the
other on account of the presence of a hind-marginal cross-vein in
the wings, and of the strong spine at the end of the posterior tibiae.
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 195
These characters are those of a neotropical true Mydas; but it differs
clearly from that genus in the presence of the circlet of spines at
end of the ovipositor.
The body is shorter and thicker than in all the other South-
African genera, Haplomydas excepted; it is bare or nearly so, and
the teguments are smooth; the callosity before the halteres is always
bare; the legs are bare. The anterior ocellus is well developed.
The proboscis is rudimentary or very short, not projecting. The
third antennal joint is long, being longer or as long as the terminal
club. The hind femora are thickened and spinose beneath, at least
in the male; the spines are placed in 2-4 rows. The male genitalia
are small and not free.
The wings are as long as the abdomen or nearly so, and have a
rather thick ambient vein. The upper branch of the cubital fork
(R 4) is appendiculed at the base. The discoidal cell is always acute
outwardly, its contact with the second posterior cell being always
punctiform. Third posterior cell broader at end than at base, its
terminal cross-vein being about as long as that of the discoidal cell.
Third posterior cell not placed on the same line as the first,
The genus Ketyphus may be considered up to the present as
monotypic. The two North American specimens described by Willi-
ston belong in all probability to a peculiar genus, as indicated by
the different male genitalia; limbatus 1886 has a terminal spur of
the hind tibiae in the male but not in the female, and likewise
towsendi 1897 as stated by Cresson in 1907.
In the collection of the South African Museum there are 3 species,
which may be distinguished as follows:
(2) 1. Halteres pale yellowish; face golden yellow; abdomen with rather broad
yellow bands; male with thickened hind femora and spurred hind tibiae.
female with slender hind femora and not spurred hind tibiae, which bear
3 equally distinct bristles on the posterior side. pinguis, Gerst.
(1) 2. Halteres black; face black or reddish; abdomen without yellow bands or
the segments, only with narrow yellow hind borders.
(4) 3. Both sexes with thickened hind femora and spurred hind tibiae; hind
tibiae of the female destitute of bristles at the posterior side; face black
in the male, reddish in the female; abdomen with narrow yellow hind
borders. : : : : : 5 armipes, sp. Nov.
(3) 4. Female with reddish face, and with thickened hind femora but unarmed
hind tibiae, which bear 3 strong bristles at the posterior side; abdomen
black, red in the middle, without clear hind borders on the segments
abdominalis, sp. nov.
196 Annals of the South African Museum.
EctypHus Pincus, Gerstaecker, 1868.
Easily recognisable on account of the golden yellow face, the
entirely red antennae, and the rudimentary proboscis.
A couple of specimens from Dunbrody, Cape 1897. (Father J. O.
Neil). One female in my collection from Klememond, Grahamstown,
(Cape) January 1897, (Miss White).
The female is much larger than the male; the yellow bands of
the abdomen may be interrupted in the middle, like those of the
male. The bullae of the second abdominal segment are narrow,
nearly linear, and blackish.
EcTYPHUS ARMIPES, sp. nov.
A robust species, allied to the preceding one, but distinct by the
darker colour of the body, antennae and legs, and by the strong
terminal spur of the hind tibiae in both sexes.
Type co and type Q; Stellabush, Durban (Natal), H. W. Bell—
Marley, January 1915.
o Q. Length of the body 15-16 mm.; of the wing 13-14 mm.
The male is much darker than the female and has black femora.
Head entirely black in the male, with grey dust near the border
of the eyes on the occiput, clothed. with whitish hairs on frons and
face, those of the latter being longer. Head of the female reddish,
with a black median stripe on the frons, and clothed with yellowish
hairs. Antennae of the male black, with the third joint reddish;
those of the female reddish, with infuscated basal joint and terminal
club; in both the first joint is twice as long as the very short
second, and the third is more than twice longer than the two basal
joints together; the club is a little shorter than the third joint,
broad, swollen, ovate. Proboscis not longer than the mouth opening,
but well developed, with broad termlnal flaps. Thorax of the male
entirely black, opaque, with reddish humeri and with a reddish
stripe above the notopleural line extended to the postalar calluses;
pleurae entirely black; rather shining, bare, with some white hairs
on the pteropleura alone; on the back there is a sparse whitish
pubescence, arranged in two broad longitudinal stripes; scutellum
entirely black, with spare whitish hairs. Thorax of the female
reddish on the back, with three broad longitudinal black stripes,
the middle one abbreviated behind, the lateral ones abbreviated in
front and attenuated behind, but not prolonged to the scutellum;
pleurae and scutellum as in the male, but the ptero-pleural hairs
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 197
are yellowish, like the short pubescence of the back of the mesono-
tum. Mesophragma entirely black in the male and with two reddish
spots in the female. Squamae blackish, with bare, narrowly yellow-
ish border; halteres black in both sexes. Abdomen of the male
entirely black, even on venter, the segments 2-5 with a narrow
whitish-yellow hind border interrupted in the middle, 6th segment
with a less distinct one, 7th without, but reddish on the sides; the
hairs are short and whitish, only at sides of the first segment are
several longer ones, genitalia in part reddish, clothed with longer
white hairs, with three lamellae above and only two below. Abdo-
men of the female black, but all the segments with a yellowish
hind border, except the last one which is entirely reddish; it is quite
bare, even on the sides of the base and on the terminal segments;
venter black, except the terminal segments, which are dark reddish;
spines of ths ovipositor reddish. Bullae of the second segment
rather broad in both sexes and shiny black. Legs of the male
with black coxae, trocanters and femora, but the latter on the
hind pair dark reddish at end; tibiae and tarsi entirely reddish,
those of the last pair distinctly darkened. Legs of the female
entirely reddish, with black coxae and trocanters. The short pu-
bescence of the legs is whitish and more developed in the male,
yellowish in the female; claws black with red tips; pulvilli yel-
lowish, equally developed in both sexes. Hind femora thickened in
both sexes, but more in the male than in the female, in both
armed below with numerous and strong spines, which are disposed
on four rows, the two external rows consisting of 1-3 spines only,
and in the male the single external spine is much longer; all these
spines are placed on small but distinct tubercles. Hind tibiae curved
in both sexes, and armed in both with a developed and strong ter-
minal spur; but they have no distinct strong bristles on the outer
side. Wings in both sexes broad, more intensively infuscated in the
female than in the male; the second submarginal and all the
posterior and basal cells with clear patches in the middle, more
developed in the female. Second longitudinal vein straight; cubital
fork appendiculated and rather irregular, the lower branch being
deeply sinuous; first posterior cell narrowed at end; discoidal cell
acute but sessile at end, while in pingwis it is stalked; axillary lobe
long and broad; alula rounded, without fringe.
EcCTYPHUS ARMIPES PRETORIENSIS, Nn. sub. sp.
A couple of specimens from Pretoria. September. (H. K. Munro).
o Q. Very like the type species, but distinct: 1. the halteres are
198 Annals of the South African Museum.
yellowish in both sexes; 2. the wings are less infuscated, the veins
being not edged with fuscous; 3. the spur of the hind tibiae is
less developed, chiefly in the female; 4. the abdomen of the female
is broadly reddish in the middle. In the female example the upper
branch of the cubital fork is broadly interrupted at the base, its
basal portion with the appendix being altogether wanting.
EcTYPHUS ABDOMINALIS, sp. nov. Q.
Easily recognisable in the female sex by the darker legs, the non
spurred hind tibiae and the black abdomen, which has a red longi-
tudinal stripe along the middle. From both the preceding, species
it is distinguished in the more regular shape of the lower branch
of the cubital fork, running parallel with the fourth vein along its
whole course.
Type Q a single specimen from Montagu, Cape Col., January 1876.
(R. Trimen).
Q. Length of the body 15 mm., of the wing 12 mm. Head
black, clothed with dark grey dust. but the face is reddish with
whitish dust. Occiput with sparse reddish hairs near the middle
and above near the eyes, which are edged with a grey stripe. Frons
densely grey-dusted, with dark reddish hairs; face with pale yel-
lowish hairs, which are whitish near the mouth. Antennae black,
with the third joimt dark reddish on its basal half and twice as
long as the first two jomts together; terminal club blackened, a little
shorter than the third joimt. Proboscis shorter than the mouth,
black, with broad terminal flaps. Thorax entirely black, only the
humeri and the postalar cells being dark reddish; on the back it is
opaque, dark grey-dusted, with short dark pubescence; pleurae
shining, reddish-brown along the sutures, bare, except a few short
hairs on the pteropleura. Scutellum black, pubescent and dusted
like the back; mesophragma black, reddish-brown on sides; squamae
dark yellowish, with short whitish fringe; halteres blackish. Abdo-
men shining black, bare, even at base, with sparse, short dark hairs;
the broad dorsal red stripe is extended from the 2nd to the 5th
segment and is continuous; there are no hight hind borders of the
segments, and the bullae are dull black. Venter glittering black,
reddish brown at base; spines of the ovipositor reddish. Legs with
black coxae and trochanters; the 4 anterior femora are dark red-
dish, the posterior ones blackish-brown, tibiae and tarsi light reddish;
all the hairs and bristles reddish; hind femora rather thick, armed
below with strong reddish spines disposed in four rows, but without
distinct basal tubercles; hind tibiae unarmed at end, with four
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 199
distinct bristles at hind border; claws red, with black tips. Wings
ereyish-hyaline with the veins edged with fuscous, only the costal
and basal cells and base of the marginal cell being entirely infus-
cated, but with clear stripes in the middle. The second submarginal
cell is of a regular shape, being about as broad in the middle as at.
end, the lower branch of the cubital fork being regularly and gently
curved and quite parallel with the fourth vein; the first posterior
cell is as broad in the middle as at end; the discoidal cell is stalked
at end. Axillary lobe and alula edged with fuscous, the latter more
broadly, and with a short but distinct dark fringe. Third posterior
cell with punctiform base.
HAPLOMYDAS, gen. nov.
Nervuration of the wings as in Leptomydas, lacking a hind-mar-
ginal crossvein and with free end of the fourth longitudinal vein;
but the upper branch of the cubital fork not appendiculated at base.
Moreover the anal vein is straight, being suddenly curved below
near the end; the ambient vein is very thin, almost iridescent. The
lower veins of the first and of the third posterior cells are not
placed on the same line. The terminal cross-vein of the first basal
cell is separated from the terminal cross-vein of the discoidal cell,
meeting with it and with the third longitudinal vein nearly at the
same point; in other words the discal cross vein is reduced to a
short stripe or only a simple dot, but this may be due to some
anomaly of the unique type specimen.
Head as in Leptomydas, but with the frons less hollowed at ver-
tex; anterior occellus well developed; eyes bare. Third antennal
joint shorter than in Leptomydas; proboscis very short, not projecting
beyond the mouth opening, but well formed, with broad terminal
flaps. Palpi not distinct. Body nearly bare, the metapleurae with
a few scattered short hairs; the teguments are smooth, with no
sculpture on thorax, and with a few scattered, impressed points on
the abdomen, this last is broad at base, not pedunculate. Legs bare,
proportionally short and stout; hind coxae greatly swollen; hind
femora very much thickened, club-shaped, and armed below with
four rows of strong spines; hind tibiae much arched at base, and
with a small, acute spur internally at end.
The segment of the ovipositor bearing the circlet of spines is
exserted, not concealed as in Leptomydas,
Type: The following new species.
From Rhopalia and Perissocerus, which have a non appendiculated
second submarginal cell, the present genus is distinguished, also from
200 Annals of the South African Museum.
Syllegomydas, by the very different neuration of the tip of the wing.
From Eremomydas, with which it agrees in the veins of the tip of
the wing and in the shortness of the proboscis, it is distinguished
by the non appendiculated second submarginal cell, and by the second
longitudinal vein ending into the first far from the end of the upper
branch of the cubital fork.
TTAPLOMYDAS CRASSIPES, Sp. Nov.
A small, bare species, at once distinguished by its generic characters.
Type Q; aunique specimen from S. Rhodesia, Bulawayo, May 1917,
(R. W. Tucker.)
Q. Length of body 12 mm.; with the antennae 13.8 mm.; of
wing 9 mm. Head black, but yellowish on the face, very shiny
along the middle line, densely clothed with whitish dust on sides of
frons. It is clothed with rather short, not bushy, white hairs; the
dark postvertical bristles are short but strong. Antennae proportio-
nately short, about as long as the transverse diameter of the head;
they are dull reddish-brown, with the terminal club brighter reddish ;
the first jomt is twice as long as the short second joint; the third
joint is less than twice longer than the two basal joints together,
its terminal portion being nearly as long as the first jomt *); terminal
club swollen, ovate, as long as the third joint, with a distinct, rather
long, truncate protuberance at end. Proboscis reddish-brown, with
black flaps. Back of thorax dull. black, with reddish-yellow humeri
and postalar calli; it is almost bare, and has four longitudinal
stripes of whitish dust, placed at equal distance, the exterior ones
in contact with the notopleural line, and these beset with short
scattered hairs. Pleurae shining black, bare, the pteropleurae reddish-
yellow, the metapleurae with very short pale hairs. Scutellum and
mesophragma black, dark grey-dusted, bare; squamae and halteres
pale yellowish. Abdomen shining black, even on venter, only the
terminal segment dark reddish-brown; all the segments have a broad
yellowish hind border, which is even broader on the venter; bullae
minute & whitish, rather iridescent. The abdomen is bare, even the
whitish hairs of the sides at base bemg very sparse and short; but
the two terminal segments are clothed with a rather long and dense
yellowish pubescence, directed forwardly. The exserted terminal
segment of the ovipositor is rounded, reddish, with dark reddish
spines. The surface of the abdominal tergites shows scattered im-
* This terminal portion of the third anternal joint is in reality a fourth joint,
followed as a fifth joint by the so-called club, considered as the clubbed style.
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 201
pressed points. Legs with the coxae entirely yellowish, clothed with
very scarce yellowish hairs; the spies of the hind femora are black
or dark brownish; the hind tibiae are bare, and destitute of bristles
on hind side; claws with yellowish base and black tips; pulvilli
yellowish; hind coxae with a broad, soft, opaque area in front.
Wings greyish-hyaline, but they appear a little infuscated on account
of the wrinkled membrane. The veins are reddish; second longi-
tudinal vein straight; second submarginal cell regular, its terminal
stalk about as long as the basal one; first posterior cell broadly
open; terminal cross vein of the discoidal cell as long as the basal
one and perfectly parallel with it; third posterior cell much broader
than the discoidal cell, buth with a punctiform end; the lower veins
of the first and of the third posterior cells are rather distant from
the hind border of the wing. Anal cell of peculiar form; its extreme
end being suddenly bent downwards, its point being short and pro-
vided with a long stalk; the axillary lobe is therefore of trapezoidal
tes)
shape; alula rounded, rather small, not fringed.
Gren. LEPTOMYDAS, Gerstaecker, 1868.
This genus includes the greater number of species belonging to
the South African fauna; but it is not peculiar to South Africa,
having a very wide distribution in Mediterranean countries, the
Oriental region and even North America. But it contains evidently
heterogenous elements. Thus ZL. indianus, Brunetti, 1912, is described
as having a short proboscis.
The nearctic species, judging from one example of pantherinus
Gerst. in my collection, are not congeneric with the Old World
kinds; the above named species has indeed a short proboscis, not
thickened, and almost unarmed hind femora, and the fourth longi-
tudinal vein ending into the first, as already noted by Osten-Sacken,
and shown in the maginficent figure given by Cole, Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci. (4), 1X, 1919, pl. 15, fig. 40; but it cannot be a Syllego-
mydas on account of the long antennae and of the well developed,
even if short proboscis. The other species show more differentiated
characters, having long or short proboscis, open or closed first
posterior cell, and appendiculated or not appendiculated upper branch
of the cubital fork.
All the South African species here enumerated are typical, and
agree in the following characters. They have all a narrow and
elongate body, which is sometimes rather villose, and have a non-
stalked abdomen, which is broader at base than in the middle; the
202 Annals of the South African Museum.
teguments are smooth, not sculptured. The metapleurae are hairy.
The anterior ocellus is sometimes distinct, chiefly in the female. The
third joint of the antennae is long; it is obviously divided in two
parts, which however are not always easily seen; the terminal club
is broad and long. Wings proportionately short, always shorter
than the elongate abdomen. The ambient vein is thinner than in
Ectyphus, sometimes hardly visible, and there is no hind-marginal
cross vein. Both branches of the cubital fork end into the first
longitudinal vein, the upper one always appendiculated at base;
second submarginal cell always stalked at end; discoidal cell always
acute at end and as a rule stalked. Fourth longitudinal vein ending
free into the costa, at some distance from the end of the first;
first posterior cell therefore always broadly open as in Ectyphus.
First and third posterior cells placed at equal distance from the
hind border of the wing, their lower veins running on the same
line, parallel with the hind border self; the third posterior cell, in
opposition to what is observed in Ectyphus, is narrowed at end,
being there as narrow as at base; its terminal cross vein is there-
fore much shorter than that of the discoidal cell, and sometimes
even punctiform. The type of the genus was established by Coquil-
lett in 1910: Mydas lusitanicus, Meigen. 1820.
The two South-African species, westermanni and rufithorax, placed
in the genus Cephalecera by the authors, are to be referred to the
present genus, the numerous species of which can be distinguished
as follows: —
(2) 1. Thorax and base of abdomen with short and sparse hairs in both sexes,
the metapleurae being almost bare; antennae as long as the proboscis,
with the third joint not longer than the terminal club; back of mesono-
tum with four broad white longitudinal stripes; legs not pilose
J QO. luctuosus, sp. nov.
(1) 2. Thorax and base of abdomen clothed with long and dense hairs, the
metapleurae hairy; antennae longer than the proboscis, with the third
joint longer than the club; back of mesonotum not so conspicuously striped ;
legs pilose.
(8) 3. The long and dense hairs of the thorax and of the base of the abdomen
are reddish or yellowish; back of mesonotum not distinctly striped; ab-
domen proportionately short and broad, in the male even the terminal
sternites clothed with long hairs.
(5) 4. Abdomen clothed with black hairs, except on the two basal segments,
and with less developed yellow hind borders . j' westermanni, Wied.
(4) 5. Abdomen entirely clothed with pale hairs, and with more developed
yellowish hind borders to the segments.
(7) 6. Hind tibiae shortly pilose . 6 J QO rufithorax, Wied.
(6) 7. Hind tibiae with long and dense inet . - Oo lanipes, sp. nov.
(31) 10.
(QDy Tak
(13) 12.
(12) 13.
(19) 14.
(16) 15.
(15) 16.
(18) 17.
(17) 18
(14) 19.
(21) 20.
(20) 21.
(29) 26.
(28) 27.
(27) 28.
(26) 29.
(25) 30.
(10) 31.
(9) 32.
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 203
. Hairs of thorax and of base of abdomen less developed and a whitish
colour; back of thorax often with stripes of pubescence; abdomen longer
and thinner, with only the basal sternites with long hairs in the male.
. First posterior cell broadly open at end as usual, the fourth longitudinal
vein ending into the costa at a considerable distance from the end of the
first, this distance being always longer than the stalk of the second sub-
marginal cell; proboscis long as usual.
Antennae and proboscis quite black or only in part reddish; wing veins
rather thick and of a brownish or dark yellowish colour.
Males.
Back of mesonotum distinctly shining under the vestiture, not at all
striped . : é : : : nitidus, sp. nov.
Back of mesonotum a shining.
Abdomen shining even on the middle segments.
Face black; back of mesonotum less distinctly striped . nivosus, Gerst.
Face yellow; back more distinctly striped.
Hind tibiae internally with short villosity, the hairs being shorter than
the breadth of the tibiae : : ; humeralis, Gerst.
. Hind tibiae on the inner side with lone villosity, the hairs being longer
than the width of the tibia . F ; ‘ braunst, sp. nov.
Abdomen opaque, except sometimes on the two basal segments, which
are shining.
Abdomen with shining basal segments, the other opaque, with broad grey
bands on posterior half, and with the yellowish hind borders narrow and
present only on the middle segments; hind tibiae villose; wings faintly
but distinctly infuscate on apical half, and with black veins
opacus, 8p. nov.
Abdomen entirely opaque, all the segments with broad and prominent
yellow rings at the hind border; hind tibiae nearly bare; wings hyaline,
with all the veins yellowish . 3 5 : paganus, Gerst.
. Females.
Back of mesonotum shining and quite unstriped . nitidus, sp. NOV
. Back of mesonotum opaque and often striped.
. Abdomen shining black or shining brown, with yellowish rings at hind
border of the segments.
The yellowish abdominal rings are narrow, and moreover they are not
distinct on the three terminal segments.
Face entirely yellow . 3 ; : humeralis, Gerst.
Face black, or only yellow at the en : : nivosus, Gerst.
The yellowish abdominal rings are very broad and equally developed on
all the segments, even on the terminal ones 6 paganus, Gerst.
Abdomen reddish-yellow, except at base and end, and with black spots
on the sides of the middle segments. ; : braunsi, sp. Nov.
Antennae and proboscis entirely reddish-yellow; abdomen of the female
shiny reddish-brown, with broad yellowish rings at the hind border of
all the segments; wing veins slender and pale yellowish or whitish .
flavirostris, sp. NOV.
First posterior cell very narrow at end, the fourth vein ending almost
204 Annals of the South African Museum.
in contact with the first, the distance being about as long as the stalk
of the second submarginal cell; proboscis short; abdomen of the female
reddish-brown, with broad yellowish rings at the hind border of all the
segments : : : . . . subclausus, sp. nov.
Group I: LuctTuosus.
The present group, consisting now of only one species, is very
distinct from all the others chiefly on account of the shortness of
the antennae. and of the nakedness of the body.
LEPTOMYDAS LUCTUOSUS, sp. nov.
A very distinct, proportionately small species, of a deep black
colour with white ornamentations in both sexes, and with quite
hyaline wings with black veins.
Type co and type Q, a couple of specimens from Matroosberg,
4000 ft., Ceres Div., (Cape) Jan. 1917, (R. M. Lightfoot).
Oo length of body 13 mm., of wing 7 mm.;
© length of body 16 mm., of wing 8,5 mm. Head black, very
shiny in the middle of frons and face, but the sides of the face are
rather broadly ferruginous. Face and frons narrower than im all
the other species. Occiput densely grey-dusted, with scattered white
hairs, denser in the male, chiefly on the upper middle part; in the
female there is a small row of distinct but short dark reddish post-
vertical bristles, which however are not extended laterally beyond
the eyes. Frons of male as broad as one eye, in the female dis-
tinctly broader; ocellar tubercle very glistening, the anterior ocellus
well developed, chiefly in the female; sides of frons densely clothed
with white dust and with long and dense white hairs in the male,
but with scarce ones, almost wanting towards the middle in the
female. Face shining black in the middle, densely white-dusted on
the sides, clothed in the male with dense and long white hairs,
which are shorter and less abundant in the female. Antennae black
and proportionately short, bemg shorter than the transverse diameter
of the head; first joint twice as long as the very short second and
nearly bare; third joint rather thick, scarcely twice the length of
the basal joits; terminal club ovate swollen, reddish-brown, about
as long as the third joint, with a short but distinct truncate protu-
berance above at the end. Proboscis entirely shining black, 4.5-2
mm. long, with rather broad terminal flaps. Thorax of a dull black
colour on the back, the humeri and the postalar calli reddish, but
densely grey-dusted; there are four broad, complete, longitudinal
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 205
stripes of white dust, the lateral broader than the inner ones, in
contact with the notopleural line, and extending from the humeri
to the postalar calli; pleurae likewise dull black, with reddish-brown
pteropleurae; the hairs of the back are very short and dark, but
in the male the lateral white stripes are clothed with rather long
but sparse white hairs; the pleurae are bare, with severed short
whitish hairs on the pteropleura only. Scutellum black, bare, with
a small reddish stripe on each side of the posterior edge. Meso-
phragma greatly developed, convex, black, grey-dusted, whitish on the
sides and there with scattered whitish hairs in the male. Squamae
and halteres blackish. Abdomen dull black in both sexes, but the
three terminal segments are rather shining in the female, and the
sides are distinctly reddish-brown in the male; is is proportionately
short and broad, being in the female much thicker than in the male;
the segments 2-6 have in both sexes a well developed whitish wing
at the hind border, that of the second being in both interrupted by
the dull black bullae; the venter is reddish-brown, darker in the
male than in the female, and is very shining on the apical half in
the female. The hairs are white, and rather long but not dense at
the sides of the two basal segments in the male, and very short on
the remainder; in the female the abdomen is practically bare, the
first segment only having very short white hairs on the sides, the
two terminal segments are in the female completely clothed with
equal, rather long blackish hairs directed forewards. Male genitalia
reddish-brown, pale-haired, with the middle upper lamella deeply
emarginate at end, the upper lateral lamellae acute and triangular,
and with the lateral horn-like appendages flat, shining black on the
apical half; the lower lamella is rounded. Spines of the ovipositor
reddish-yellow. Legs very dark in both sexes, with black coxae and
black trocanters, blackish or reddish-brown femora, reddish tibiae
and tarsi; the latter however almost blackish in the female. Hind
femora equally but not much thickened in both sexes, armed below
with strong black or reddish spines disposed in two irregular rows
extending from the base to the end, and placed on small, less dis-
tinct tubercles; hind tibiae without apical spur, both with 2-3 strong
bristles. All the legs are nearly bare, the four anterior tibiae on
the inner side with a row of bristly hairs, are more robust in the
female, the female has moreover very strong bristles on the under-
side of the tarsi; claws reddish, with black tips; pulvilli reddish.
Wings proportionately short, purely hyaline in the male, with a faint
darkish shade in the middle in the female; all the veins are of a
deep black colour in both. Second submarginal cell rather narrow
206 Annals of the South African Museum.
and regular, appendiculated at base and with well developed ter-
minal stalk; praefurca exceedingly short; first posterior cell broadly
open at end; discoidal cell with a long stalk at the end; third
posterior cell as broad at end as at base, its terminal cross-vein
being about half as long as the terminal vein of the discoidal cell;
anal vein rather wavy; alula rounded, not fringed, hyaline.
Group 11: WESTERMANNI.
This is evidently a group characteristic of the South African fauna,
but not easy to define in a few words if one has before him nume-
rous examples of the genus. Those of the present group are at once
recognisable by the proportionately broader, shorter and more hairy
body; an examination of Pl. 4 IV. of Wiedemann’s Monograph,
comparing figs. 45 and 16 with the others, is sufficient to give a good
idea of the group.
The two species westermanni and rufithorux have been placed in
the genus Cephalocera by Guérin-Meneville, Westwood and _ subse-
quent writers; but erroneously, as even Wiedemann’s figures show
clearly the neuration of Leptomydas; Gerstaecker had no specimen
for examination.
LEPTOMYDAS WESTERMANNI, Wiedemann 1819.
At once distinguished in the male from all the other species on
account of its black and black-haired abdomen, except at base.
One o specimen from the Cape, without precise locality, labelled
by Bigot Cephalocera iongiventris, a name which has never been
published,
The species was described in a recognisable manner and subse-
quently figured by Wiedeman, more than a century ago. Antennae
long, with the third joint three times as long as the first two joints
together, and much longer than the terminal club. Proboscis entirely
shining black, with broad terminal labella, 25 mm. long. Face enti-
rely black. Meso- and sternopleurae bare, pteropleurae villose, meta-
pleurae with a tuft of dense long hairs. Squamae brownish. bare;
halteres dark yellowish. Abdomen reddish-brown on sides and at
end; male genitalia reddish, with the upper lamella slightly emar-
ginate at end, and the horn-like appendages shining reddish, curved
above. Venter entirely reddish, clothed with long pale hairs on its
whole length, those of the two terminal segments being blackish.
Legs villose, chiefly the coxae, and femora and those of the hind
pair; hind femora thickened, with two rows of strong reddish spines,
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 207
below, placed on small tubercles; hind tibiae simple at end and
villose in the inner part, the villosity about as long as the width of
the tibia, but not very dense; claws red with black tips. Wings with
the second submarginal cell of regular shape, provided with a short
stalk, and with the lower branch of the cubital fork gently curved
and parallel with the last portion of the fourth longitudinal vein;
first posterior cell broadly open at end; third posterior cell as broad
at base as at end, its terminal cross vein being equal to that of the
first hasal cell; first and third posterior cells with their lowar veins
at equal distance from the hind border of the wing.
LEPTOMYDAS RUFITHORAX, Wiedemann, 1821.
Allied to the preceding species, but distinct in the less thick body
and in the different clothing of the abdomen.
Three specimens from Cape Town: one male, February 1915
(R. M. Lightfoot); another © (J. C. BriDWELL); one female
without data.
The male is very like that of westermanni, but the hind tibiae are
less villose internally, the villosity being scattered and shorter than
the width of the tibiae. The female has the abdomen longer, and
is less villose than the male. Occiput with some bristly hairs above
between the fur. Face yellow, proboscis reddish below; antenmal
club reddish, with a blackish oval spot underneath at end. Abdomen
shining black, the two basal segments with long pale hairs; the
segments 2-5 with broad yellow hind border, that of the second
with shining black bullae; 7-8 segment reddish, with the peculiar
pale hairs directed forwards; spines of the ovipositor reddish; venter
reddish-yellow, with scattered pale hairs even on the terminal ster-
nites. Hind femora less thickened than in the male but equally
spinose below; hind tibiae with two irregular rows of strong reddish
bristles on the outer side. In the specimen at hand the legs are
entirely reddish, only the four anterior coxae being black; the femora
lacks the dark markings mentioned by Wiedemann.
LEPTOMYDAS LANIPES, sp. nov.
Closely allied to the preceding, but differing in the male by the
much more villose hind legs.
Type o, a single specimen from Triangle (Cape), January 1885
(L, Péringuey).
oO. Length of body 13 mm.; of wing 9 mm. Head entirely black
even on the face; occiput densely grey-dusted and clothed with
208 Annals of the South African Museum.
dense white hairs; frons shining, above with dense tufts of pale
yellowish hairs, whiter in the anterior part and on the face.
Antennae wholly black, with the terminal club greyish at end and
much shorter than the third joint. Proboscis black, 255 mm. long.
Thorax shining black on the back, clothed with dense reddish-yellow
hairs, but posteriorly before the scutellum with a tuft of white
ones divided in the middle and bent forward on the sides. Pleurae
shining black, with densely villose pteropleurae and metapleurae.
The small scutellum is shining black and bare. Squamae darkish;
halteres dark yellowish with darker knob. Mesophragma shining
black, bare on the middle but villose on the sides. Abdomen shining
black; the first segment and the basal half of the second are clothed
with long, reddish-yellow hairs, while all the other segments have
pale yellowish hairs; segments 2-6 with yellowish borders; venter
entirely reddish yellow, with long yellowish hairs on all the ster-
nites. Genitalia reddish-brown, yellowish pilose, shaped as in the
preceding species, with the lateral horn-like appendages shining
reddish. Legs entirely dark reddish with black coxae and with
the hind femora and hind tibiae darkened outwardly; they are
clothed with yellowish hairs, and those of the hind pair are very
villose, chiefly on the tibiae, where the villosity is longer than the
width of the tibia; hind femora not much thickened, with two rows
of strong spines below; hind tibiae with 3-4 strong bristles at end;
claws almost entirely reddish. Wings hyaline, with a faint but
distinct diffused yellowish patch in the middle. Veins entirely reddish ;
second submarginal cell regular, with a short stalk; first posterior cell
broadly open; third posterior cell as broad at base as at end; the
two lower veins of the first and of the third posterior cell at equal
distance from the hind border of the wing,
Group III: HUMERALIS.
This group is the more numerous in South Africa, and the species
are more diffleult to distinguish. They are recognisable by their
thin and elongate body, the abdomen of the male being attenuated
and less hairy in the apical half; the abdomen of the female is
thicker but always elongate and nearly bare. The hind femora are
less thickened in both sexes, but are always spose beneath.
Besides the species recorded in the table, it is probable that
dispar, Loew belongs to the present group; it is described from
Mozambique as being in both sexes of a yellowish colour, with
black stripes on thorax and black transverse bands on abdomen.
M. Bezzi, The Suuth African Mydaidae (Diptera). 209
Mydas rufipes, Westwood, from an unknown locality or from Sicily,
is in all probability a species of the genus Syilegomydas. on account
of its short antennae.
LEPTOMYDAS NITIDUS, sp. nov.
Easily distinguished from all the other species of the present group
in having in both sexes the back of the mesonotum distinctly shining
like the abdomen. Type © and type Q, a couple of specimens from
Matroosberg, 4000 ft., Ceres Div., (Cape) January 1917. (R. M. Lightfoot).
oo GQ Length of body 145-416 mm.; of wing 9-10 mm. Head enti-
rely shining black, even on the facial tubercle, but densely clothed
with whitish dust on the sides of occiput, frons and face; it is
moreover clothed with long white hairs, those of the female being
only a little shorter than those of the male, and they are of the
same colour above and below the antennae; in the female there are
three darkish postvertical bristles on each side, well distinguishable
between the fur. Antennae long, quite black in both sexes; pro-
portion of the length of the joints as in the species of the preceding
group. Anterior ocellus well developed in the female. Proboscis
shining black, as long as the antennae, with broad terminal flaps.
Thorax on the back shining black, not striped, entirely clothed with
equal white hairs which are tuft-like on the sides and are not much
longer in the male. Pleurae shining black, bare in the middle and
below, with dense white tufts on ptero- and metapleurae; the roun-
ded prominence above the front coxae is whitish-dusted and is clothed
with a tuft of long white hairs. Scutellum and mesophragma shining
black, the former bare, the latter with long white hairs on the sides;
squamae dirty brownish; halteres blackish. Abdomen elongate cylin-
drical, attenuated behind, that of the female being not much thicker
than in that of the male; it is in both sexes entirely shiniug black,
but the venter is reddish in the female and has red. spots in the
middle segments in the male; the tergites 2-6 have yellowish rings
at the hind border, broader in the female, and that of the second
segment broadly interrupted in both sexes by the large, shining black
bullae. All the hairs of the abdomen are white, being dense and
long on the two basal segments chiefly in the male; the 4-5 ter-
minal segments have in the female the peculiar pubescence directed
forwards; the venter of the male on the terminal half has not the
tufts of hairs which are to be seen in the species of the westermanni
group. Male genitalia reddish brown, white pilose, shaped as usually,
with the upper middle lamella not deeply emarginate, and with the
two horn-like lateral appendages shining reddish and curved upwards.
14
210 Annals of the South African Museum.
Spimes of the ovipositor black. Legs entirely reddish-yellow, with
black coxae and with the hind femora distinctly imfuscated above;
the hairs are white and rather long, chiefly those of the hind pair;
hind tibiae of the male with scattered but long inner villosity; hind
femora less thickened, not much more robust in the male, with two
rows of strong reddish spines placed on small tubercles; hind tibiae
at end with 2-3 bristles, and moreover in the female with several
strong reddish bristles on both sides; tarsi bristly on the underside;
claws red with black tips; pulvilli yellowish. Wings hyaline in both
sexes, but in the female with a faint yellowish tint towards the
middle. Veins dark reddish, blackened in the terminal half; second
submarginal cell regular and with a short terminal stalk; first
posterior cell broadly open; third posterior cell only a little narrower
at end than at base; the lower veins of the first and of the third
posterior cell are at the same distance from the hind border of the
wing; anal vein wavy. Axillary lobe broad; alula rounded, glassy,
without fringe.
LEPTOMYDAS Nivosus, Gerstaeker 41868.
A normal species with the back of thorax dullish and less dis-
tinctly striped in both sexes, and with a shining black abdomen,
which has rather narrow yellowish rings.
A couple of specimens from Matjesfontein (Cape) November 1910
(R. M. Lightfoot), one male from Cape Town, and another from
Hex River. (L. Péringuey).
For description of the male see Gerstaecker; the terminal club of
the antennae is sometimes dark reddish. The hitherto unknown
female is of about the same size as the male, its abdomen being
not much thicker. The face is ferruginous on the sides; the hairs
of head and base of abdomen are shorter; there are 4-5 postvertical
bristles on each side. Abdomen shining black, with rather broad
yellowish hind borders on the segments 2-5; bullae small and
shining black; the hairs are white, short and scattered, except at
base, those of the four terminal segments being directed forwards;
venter shining reddish, but blackened at end; spines dark reddish
or blackish. Legs as in the male, but Jess villose and with thinner,
almost not thickened hind femora; hind tibiae with less developed
bristles. Wings as in the male, but with a little more darkish tint
in the middle. Nervuration regular in both sexes; the terminal
crossvein of the third posterior cell rather short, shorter than the
basal one.
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 2411
LEPTOMYDAS HUMERALIS, Gerstaeker 1868.
Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by the
more distinctly striped back of the thorax and by the broadly yellow
face in both sexes. But as these are characters of lesser value, it
is possible that both species may be united as a unique one under
the present name.
A couple of specimens from Bushmanland, Jackals Water (Cape),
October 1911 (R. M. Lightfoot); an additional female specimen from
Triangle, (Cape), January 1895. Postvertical bristles less distinct;
anterior ocellus well developed.
The male not hitherto described, is almost the same as that of
the precediug species, but has an entirely yellow face. The neura-
tion of the wings is the same, but there is a tendency for the ter-
minal stalk of the discoidal cell to be lost, the third posterior cell
becoming thus punctiform at end, as represented in Gerstaecker’s
figure.
LEPTOMYDAS BRAUNSI, spec. nov.
Closely allied to Awmeralis, but distinct in the longer villosity of
the hind tibiae in the male, and in the rufous abdomen of the female.
Type o and type Q, a couple of specimens in the writer’s col-
lection, from Willowmore, (Cape), 15th November 1920, taken in
copula by Dr. E. Brauns. in whose honour the species is named.
From the European lusitanicus, which presents the same sexual
dichroism, tho present species is distinguished by the longer antennae
and by the spinose hind femora. It is possibly allied to fulviventris,
Bigot, from the Sudan, the name of which must however be changed,
as there is an earlier L. fulviventris, Leon Dufour 1850, which is
the female of lusitanicus.
Oo Q. Length of the body 18-19 mm.; with the antennae 21-22
mm.; of the wing 12-15 mm. Head entirely shining black, except
the face, which is yellowish in the male; near the eyes there is
whitish dust; it is clothed with long and bushy white hairs of about
equal length in both sexes; postvertical bristles of the female dis-
tinct. Antennae quite black and of equal shape in both sexes;
first joint twice as long as the second; third joint with a less dis-
tinct division, three times as long as the first two joints together ;
the terminal club is shorter than the third joint, broad, greyish at
end. Proboscis of the same length as the antennae, 3 mm. long,
extending beyond the end of the third joint, shining black, with
242 Annals of the South African Museum.
broad terminal flaps. Thorax entirely dull black, with the humer:
dark reddish; on the back it is distinctly striped, the white hairs
being disposed in five longitudinal rows, the median being the nar-
rowest of all, while the exterior ones, those in contact with the
notopleural line are the broadest and provided with longer hairs;
pleurae likewise black, greyish-dusted above, shining below, with
long white tufts on the ptero- and metapleurae. Scutellum shining
black; bare; mesophragma black, less shining, with long white hairs
on the sides. Squamae blackish, with a dirty whitish border; hal-
teres blackish, with pale yellowish stalk. Abdomen of the male en-
tirely shining black, but with the terminal segments a little grey-
dusted; the three basal segments are clothed with long white hairs,
the other segments with short ones which are black in the middle
and white on the sides and behind; 2nd, 3rd and 4th segment with
broad, 5th with narrower whitish yellow hind border, that of the
second being interrupted by the shining black bullae; venter yel-
lowish, with the three terminal sternites blackish, and with only
the 3 basal sternites clothed with long white hairs; genitalia dark
reddish, blackish at base, white-haired, with the horn-like appen-
dages proportionately short and broad. Abdomen of the female
shining rufous, with the first segment shining black and with the
three terminal ones dull black, but the sixth with a triangular
rufous spot at hind border; the segments 2-5 with a broad black
spot on each side and with a distinct, narrow whitish hind border,
that of the second, interrupted by the shining black bullae; all the -
hairs are white, long on the two basal segments, short on the rest,
directed forwards on the five terminal segments; venter reddish, the
ord and 4th segment with broad black band at hind border, the
four terminal segments dull black, and with all the hairs white and
short; spines dark reddish, with black tips.
Legs dark reddish, with black coxae and darkened femora; the
hairs are white, scarce and short in the female, long and abundant
in the male chiefly on all the femora and on the whole hind pair,
the tibiae having inwards a very long villosity; hind femora less
thickened in both sexes, but always more distinctly in lusitanicus,
and armed underneath with strong reddish spines; hind tibiae of the
female with only 4-5 strong bristles internally near the end; bristles
of tarsi whitish; claws reddish with black tips; pulvilli yellowish.
Wings whitish hyaline in both sexes, with a faint yellowish tint on
the terminal half, chiefly in the female and along the veins; veins
reddish on the basal and blackish on the terminal half. Second
submarginal cell regular, with a short stark; first posterior cell
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 243
broadly open; third posterior cell almost as broad at end as at base;
lower veins of the first and of the third posterior cells at the same
distance from the hind border of the wing.
Axillary lobe broad; alula rounded.
LEPTOMYDAS OPACUS, Sp. nov.
Nearly allied to the three preceding species, but easily distinguish-
able in the male sex by the opaque abdomen which is shining at
the base only; from the following species it differs in the much less
developed and almost wanting yellowish hind border of the abdo-
minal segments.
Type ©, a unique specimen from Dunbrody, Cape Colony, 1901
(Father J. O. Neil).
oc. Length of the body 18 mm.; of the wing 12 mm. Head
entirely black, shining on middle of frons and face, densely clothed
with whitish dust on sides of both and on the occiput; it is clothed
with long and dense white hairs; there are also some dark yellowish
postvertical bristles. Antennae long, quite black, with the usual
proportion in the length of the joints as in the preceding species.
Anterior ocellus distinct. Proboscis black, of the usual length and
shape. Back of thorax dullish black, grey-dusted and distinctly
striped, clothed with whitish hairs, which are longer on sides and
in front of the scutellum. Pleurae in great part reddish or reddish-
brown, grey-dusted, with long whitish tufts on ptero- and metapleurae.
Scutellum shining black, bare; mesophragma black, grey-dusted,
with white hairs on the sides. Squamae dirty whitish, with short
whitish fringe; halteres blackish. Abdomen black, shining on the
two basal segments alone, on the remainder it is dull, being clothed
by a dark dust; the second segment has a narrow yellowish hind
border interrupted by the shining reddish-brown bullae; the segments
3-5 have a narrow whitish hind border, and in addition on the 6th
have a broad band of grey dust at end, the 7th being entirely grey;
the hairs are long and white at base, short beyond it and white on
sides and black in the middle. Venter reddish-browu at base, and
with long whitish hairs there, blackish grey-dusted and with short
darkish hairs on terminal half. Genitalia black, whitish pilose, the
horn-like appendages shining brown. Legs reddish-yellow, with
black coxae and darkened femora; they are whitish tomentose and
whitish pilose, the hind tibiae with short villosity; hind femora less
thickened, with two rows of strong reddish spines below; claws
almost entirely black; pulvilli yellowish. Wings hyaline at base,
faintly but distinctly infuscated on more than the apical half; veins
214. Annals of the South African Museum.
black, in part reddish-brown near the base; second submarginal cell
regular, with short terminal stalk; first posterior cell broadly open;
third posterior cell with the terminal cross vein as long as the basal
one, the lower veins of the first and of the third posterior cells
being at equal distance from the hind border of the wing. Axillary
lobe broad; alula rounded, hyaline, not fringed.
LEPTOMYDAS PAGANUS, Gerstaecker 1868.
A very distinct species, on account of the entirely opaque abdomen
of the male, and of the more numerous and broader yellowish wings
of the abdomen in both sexes.
Male from Cape Town; female from Stellenbosch (Cape). (L. Pé-
ringuey). The male is as described by Gerstaecker, but has the face
entirely black and the terminal club of the antennae reddish in the
middle; pleurae black; hind tibiae nearly bare; wings hyaline, with
the veins not bordered by fuscous; second abdominal segment shining
at the base only. A co example from O’Kiep, Cape, agrees better
with Gerstaeker’s description, the face being yellowish and the an-
tennae wholly black.
The female not described hitherto is more briefly hairy and
thicker; the face is ferruginous at sides; the front ocellus is well
developed; the antennae are entirely black; the thorax is rather
shinng on the back, chiefly on the posterior half, and is more
broadly reddish on sides and on pleurae; Abdomen shining black, ©
with reddish-brown terminal segments and reddish-yellow venter;
the segments 2—7 with broad yellowish hind borders, that of the
second interrupted by the shining black bullae; the three terminal
segments with the usual pubescence directed forwards; spines of the
ovipositor blackish or reddish brown. Legs as in the male, but with
thinner hind femora; claws red with black tips. Wings hyaline,
with reddish veins.
LEPTOMYDAS FLAVIROSTRIS, Sp. Nov.
Allied to the preceding, but distinct by the almost entirely yellow-
ish colour of the antennae and proboscis, by the more lightly coloured
body and legs, and by the almost whitish wing veins.
Type © and an additional examples of same sex, from Hex River,
(Cape) December 1883. (L. Pérmguey).
The present species is probably allied to L. dispar, Loew, from
Mozambique.
© Length of body 18-20 mm.; of wing 12-13 mm. Head entirely
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera), 215
reddish-yellow, shining black in the middle of the frons, blackish
near the eyes and there densely clothed with greyish or yellowish
dust; hairs rather long and dense, yellowish above, white below;
four or five yellowish postvertical bristles on each side. Anterior
ocellus less developed. Antennae entirely yellowish, only the ter-
minal club darkened at end; third joint three times as long as the
two basal joints together, and longer than the club: Proboscis as
long as the antennae, entirely yellowish above and under, the ter-
minal flaps blackish. Thorax entirely reddish, but blackish and
erey-dusted in the middle of the back, clothed with yellowish hairs,
but the pteropleural and notopleural tufts are whitish. Scutellum
and mesophragma shining reddish, the latter with long whitish hairs
on the sides. Squamae and halteres dirty whitish or yellowish.
Abdomen shining reddish-brown; with more or less darkened basal
tergites; it is clothed with long white hairs on the second basal
segments, and with short ones on the remainder, those of the ter-
minal four segments being yellowish and directed forwards. The
yellow hind borders of the segments are broad and present from
the 2nd to the 7th; the bullae are shining black, large and very
striking. Spines of the ovipositor reddish. Legs entirely yellowish,
with reddish coxae, and with short whitish or pale yellowish pu-
bescence; hind femora very little thickened, with strong yellowish
spines below; hind tibiae with strong yellowish bristles; claws
yellowish, with black tips. Wings whitish hyaline. with entirely
pale yellowish or whitish ves. Second submarginal cell rather
dilated below before the end (but regular in the second example),
with short terminal stalk; first posterior cell broadly open; terminal
stalk of the discoidal cell very short or even absent, the third
posterior cell being punctiform at its outer end; the two lower
veins of the first and third posterior cells are at equal distance
from the hind border of the wing.
Note. A small male specimen without label, may be considered
as that of the present species. It measures only 15 mm. in length
and the wing 10 mm. The head is as in the female, with longer
and entirely whitish hairs; proboscis and antennae as in the female
and of the same colour. Thorax dull black on the back, reddish on
the sides and on the pleurae; the hairs are longer and quite white,
even on the back which is striped. Scutellum shining black; meso-
phragma reddish-brown. Abdomen dark reddish brown, with the
two basal segments shining and clothed with long white hairs; the
other segments are opaque, with short hairs, 3-D with narrow
whitish hind border and with a broad grey band before it, becoming
216 Annals of the South African Museum.
broader on segments 6-7 hind border of the second segment yel-
lowish, with broad shining black bullae. Genitalia reddish, white
haired, of usual shape. Legs entirely yellowish, whitish-haired;
hind tibiae with short villosity; hind femora only a little thickened,
with less developed spines below; they appear therefore almost
simple and unarmed. Wings hyaline, with dark yellowish veins
and with regular nervuration, the first posterior cell only being
more narrowed at end.
LEPTOMYDAS SUBCLAUSUS, Sp. nov.
Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinct by the short
proboscis and by the much more narrowed first posterior cell which
is almost closed at end. The short proboscis of the present new
species is like that of lusitanicus.
Type Q and an additional specimen of the same sex from spect
takel, Namaqualand (Cape) October 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot), but the
latter specimen is doubful having shorter and broader wings, and
having a differently coloured abdomen, with black lateral spots.
3. Length of body 17 mm.; of wing 13 mm. Head entirely
shining black, with dark grey dust on the sides of frons and of face,
and on upper part of occiput; it is clothed with long whitish hairs.
Anterior ocellus not distinct. Basal jomt of the antennae black; the
rest 1s wanting in case of the type. Proboscis very short, but well
developed; it is 15 mm. long, projecting from the mouth opening
only by the broad terminal flaps; it is black above and at end,
and reddish below. Thorax dull black on the back, with reddish
humeri and reddish sides; it is clothed with short yellowish hairs;
pleurae dull blackish with reddish patches, and with whitish tufts
on ptero- and metapleurae. Scutellum and mesophragma reddish-
brown, the latter blackish behind. Squamae and halteres yellowish,
the latter with darker knob. Abdomen shining reddish brown, with
the basal tergites blackened; it is clothed with long whitish hairs
at base, and with very short ones on the remainder, those of the
four terminal segments being directed forwards; all the segments,
except the first and the last, have broad yellowish hind borders;
the bullae are shining black but small; the venter is entirely reddish,
and, likewise with broad yellowish hind border on the segments;
spines of the ‘ovipositor reddish. Legs yellowish, with reddish coxae;
hind femora very little thickened, almost simple, with pale yellowish
spines below. Wings hyaline, but with a faint yellowish tint and
with reddish ‘veins. ¢ Second submarginal cell puffed up at base, with
the terminal vein ending very near the stalk of the second submar-
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 217
ginal cell, the first posterior cell being thus almost closed at border ;
discoidal cell sessile at end, the outer end of the third posterior cell
being punctiform; the lower veins of the first and of the third
posterior cell are placed at the same distance from the hind border
of the wing.
HALTERORCHIS, gen. nov.
A peculiar genus, distinct by the very short antennae and by the
rudimentary proboscis.
Body smooth, almost bare. Head with the vertex not hollowed,
No ocelli.
Mouth opening almost closed, proboscis rudimentary. Antennae
shorter than the transverse diameter of the head; third joint equal
in length to the two first jomts together; terminal club greatly
swollen, rounded, as long as the whole antennae. Eyes bare, Thorax
with nearly bare metapleurae. Abdomen with a peculiar pattern;
terminal segment of the ovipositor exserted, and with a circlet of
thin and long spines; bullae very minute. Legs slender; hind femora
not thickened and unarmed below, only with scattered bristles; hind
tibiae straight, without spur at end. Wings with appendiculated
second submarginal cell; fourth longitudinal vein meeting at fend
with the stalk of the second submarginal cell, the first posterior
cell being thus clothed at the border. Lower vein of the third
posterior cell placed much nearer the hind border of the wing than
that of the first, in the same position as in Hetyphus. Anal vein less
wavy; ambient vein almost indistinct; no hind-marginal cross-vein.
Type: the following new species.
HALTERORCHIS INERMIS, Sp. Nov.
A small species, very distinct, besides the generic characters, by
the peculiar abdominal pattern.
Type Q, a unique specimen from O’Okiep, Namaqualand, (Cape).
Q. Length, of body 9 mm., with the antennae 10 mm.; of the
wing 8 mm. Head black, but densely grey-dusted even on the
middle of the frons, only the distal end of the ocellar tubercle being
shining black; it is clothed with rather long white hairs; postvertical
bristles less developed. Frons and face with parallel sides, very
broad, broader than one eye. Antennae reddish-brown, with the
terminal club bright reddish but infuscated outwardly; first joint
only a little longer than the second, with long white hairs; third
joint as long as the two first joints together, its terminal portion
218 Annals of the South African Museum.
(or fourth joint) very short; the terminal club is as long as the
whole antenna, and almost sphaeroidal in front view. The inferior
part of the head is shining black; the very small rudiment of the
proboscis is yellowish. Thorax black, dark grey-dusted, quite opaque
even on the pleurae, with reddish humeri; with short, scarce, whitish
hairs disposed on four longitudinal stripes on the back; the pleurae
are practically bare, with short hairs on the pteropleurae, and with
less distinct ones on the metapleurae. Scutellum grey-dusted on the
basal half, shinmg black on the apical half, bare, but concealed
below the long whitish hairs of the hind part of the mesonotum ;
mesophragma grey-dusted, bare. Squamae and halteres whitish.
Abdomen rather short and broad, of a dull blackish colour, dark
reddish-brown on middle of the tergites and rather shining black
on sides; it is clothed with scarce whitish hairs at base, and with
yellowish pubescence, directed forward on the two terminal segments.
The peculiar pattern consists in a yellowish band at the base of the
segments 2-5, but more developed on 2 and 3. This band is broadly
interrupted in the middle, and does not reach the sides laterally; it
is thus reduced to two transverse spots, one on each side of the
segments, with the external ends bent behind at right angles;
moreover there are narrow yellowish rings at the hind border of
the segments 2-6; the venter is entirely reddish, unspotted. The last
segment of the ovipositor is reddish, with dark spines. Legs slender,
entirely yellowish, with blackish coxae and darkened femora; they
are nearly bare, but all the tibiae and chiefly those of the hind pair
are beset with yellowish long bristles; hind femora simple, with
some scattered yellowish bristles below; claws and pulvilli yellowish,
the former with black tip. Wings greyish-hyaline, with reddish
veins. The first basal, the discoidal and the third posterior cell have
parallel sides and are all of about the same width; the third -poste-
rior cell is punctiform at end. The second longitudinal vein ends
into the first at equal distance as both branch of the cubital fork,
the three terminal segments of the first vein being thus all of the
same length. Alula very small and transverse, without fringe.
MYDASELPIS, gen. nov.
A very characteristic genus, distinguished from all the others on
account of its pedunculate abdomen and of its deeply punctulate
and brightly coloured body. The neuration of wings shows also
some peculiarities.
Head with little hollowed vertex; in front view it is narrowed
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 219
below, the eyes having no parallel sides, but being convergent
inferiorly. Anterior ocellus distinct, at least in the female; and
placed in the middle of the frons. Eyes bare. Antennae long,
longer than the transverse diameter of the head; third joint more
than three times as long as the two first joints together; terminal
club elongate, as long as the third joimt. Proboscis thick, with
broad terminal flaps, projecting, but proportionately short being no
longer than the half of the length of the antennae or nearly so.
Palpi not distinct. Thorax bare, even on the ptero- and meta-
pleurae; it is rugulose and deeply punctulate on the back. Squamae
without fringe. Abdomen distinctly pedunculate, at least in the
male, its narrowest point being on the third segment; it is almost
bare and strongly sculptured with impressed points on the tergites,
and with less marked ones on the sternites. Male genitalia of usual
shape; ovipositor of the female with the circlet of spines, but with
the terminal segment not exseited. Legs rather stout and nearly
bare; hind femora more thickened in the male, in both sexes armed
underneath with two rows on very prominent tubercles. Hind tibiae
straight, without terminal spur, and not bristly except at end.
Wings broad. Second longitudinal vein straight and ending into
the first at some distance from the end of the upper branch of the
cubital fork. Second submarginal cell appendiculated at base, rather
narrow, puffed up below towards the middle with a long terminal
stalk. Fourth vein at end meeting at costa with the first, the first
posterior cell being thus closed but not stalked. Discoidal call of
trapezoidal shape, shortly stalked at end, its apical cross vein being
nearly parallel with the basal one and more or less shorter; there
are only three posterior cells, the second (or third) being fused
with the fourth (or fifth); third posterior cell as broad or broader
than the discoidal cell, and about as broad at base as at end; the
lower veins of the first and of the third posterior cells are placed
on the same line, at equal distance from the hind border of the
wing; anal vein rather straight, the terminal part of the anal cell
being thus less curved below, and its terminal stalk being rather
short. Praefurca very short, or nearly absent; in the type species
the base of the third longitudinal vein is prolonged backwards into
a long stump, which is much longer than the praefurca itself and
has a free end. Alula transverse, not fringed. No hind-marginal
cross vein; ambient vein thin, sometimes less visible in the female.
220 Annals of the South African Museum.
Type: MyYDASELPIS PERINGUEYI, sp. nov.
The two species before me can be distinguished as follows: —
(2) 1. Thorax black with red markings; abdomen red with black base and
middle segments (4th & 5th); submarginal cell at end much narrower
than the first posterior cell at end . ; . péringueyt, sp. nov.
(1) 2. Thorax red with black markings; abdomen entirely black, except at end;
submarginal cell at end as broad as the first posterior cell at end
variolosus, sp. NOY.
MYDASELPIS PERINGUEYI, Sp. nov.
A very distinct, handsome fly, looking like a species of Systropus
or Cosiops. i
Type o, a single specimen without the antennae from Hex River,
(Cape) 27th December 1882, labelled by Bigot as Cephalocera perin-
gueyi; the specific name been maintained here, in honour of Dr. L.
Péringuey.
5. Length of body 17 mm.; of wing 13 mm. Head black, but
the face reddish with a narrow black median stripe; only the middle
of the frons is shining, the rest being clothed with a dark grey-dust.
Anterior ocellus rudimentary. The golden yellow hairs are bushy
at the vertex, on the sides of the frons anteriorly, and on the face.
Basal joints of the antennae red, the first less than twice the second
in length; the remainder wanting in the type. Proboscis red, even
on the terminal flaps, only the median line of the upper side being
black, it is short measuring only 1:5 mm. in length. Thorax pecu-
liarly regulose-punctulate on the back; it is dull black, but the neck,
the humeri and a spot above them, and the postular cells are red.
The pleurae are dull black, with the callosities above the front coxae,
the upper part of the pteropleurae and the root of wings red. On
the back there is a very scarce and short golden pubescence, dis-
posed on two longitudinal stripes; the pleurae are bare. Scutellum
dull black and bare, a narrow hind border on the back of the meso-
notum being red; mosophragma deep black, narrowly red anteriorly
at the sides, bare, Squamae yellowish; halteres reddish. Abdomen
with the first segment black, with short golden hairs at the sides
and on a complete transverse band of the hind border; the rest of
the abdomen is bare. Second and third segments entirely red, but
the former with a narrow black base and with small black bullae;
segments 4-5 entirely dull black with a less distinct yellowish hind
border like the 2nd, 3rd and 6th; 6th and 7th red with black sides;
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 291
8th segment and genitalia entirely red, clothed with short golden
hairs; horn-lke appendages shining, yellowish, and below them in
the middle a short process bifurcate at end. Venter black, with the
Qnd, 8rd and 6th sternites red, but all the sternites with narrow
yellowish hind borders; it is bare and rather shining. The tergites
are also a little shining at sides, but they are opaque on the whole
median part chiefly on account of the deep and strong sculpture
which is distinct but less developed on the venter. Legs entirely
yellowish, with reddish coxae; they are almost bare; the prominent
tubercles and the strong spines of the underside of the not much
tkickened hind femora are reddish-yellow; claws and pulvilli yello-
wish, the former with black tips. Wings yellowish along the costal
and subcostal cells, broadly infuscated in the middle to the end,
ereyish-hyaline along the hind border except in the middle where
a faint infuscation is noticeable, apically the fuscous is extended to
the end of the first posterior cell, which is narrowly infuscated
along its fore border and broadly infuscated at its base, but hyaline
on the remaining part; the fuscous patch has a prominent tooth
towards the outer end of the discoidal cell. The costa, the subcosta
and the base of the other veins are yellowish; the remainder of
the veins is reddish and then blackish towards the end. Anal cell,
axillary lobe and alula hyaline. Second submarginal cell narrowed
at end, terminal stalk of the discoidal cell very short; terminal stalk
of the anal cell likewise short; base of the third longitudinal vein
much prolonged beyond the praefurca and ending free into the first
basal cell.
MyYDASELPIS VARIOLOSUS, Sp. Nov.
Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by the
coloration of the body and wings, and by some minor details of the
nervuration.
Type 9, a single specimen in the writer’s collection, from South
Africa, collected by Junod, (? Shilowane, Transvaal) and given me
many years ago by Dr. Escher-Kunddy, of Zurich; this specimen
his stood for many years in my collection under the erroneous name
of Cephalocera fasciata, Wied.
© Length of body 145 mm., with the antennae 148 mm., of the
wing 9 mm. Head shining black, the face being only a little dark
ferruginous in the middle; occiput dull grey-dusted, with a whitish
pallinose stripe near the eyes. Postvertical bristles dark reddish,
short. Anterior ocellus well developed. Hairs of frons and face not
humerous, never long, of a golden-yellow colour, Antennae very
222 Annals of the South African Museum.
long, reddish with darkened or blackish end of the third joint and
of the terminal club; first joint only a little longer than the second;
third jomt 4-5 times longer than the two first jomts together, with
the terminal portion (4th joint) long and broader; terminal club
elongate, about as long as the third joint, tip rounded and without
distinct prominence. Proboscis not quite 2 mm. long, black above
and red below, even on the terminal flaps. Thorax entirely red,
with a broad black median stripe on the back beginning at the neck,
becoming attenuated behind and ending at some distance from the
scutellum; it is almost bare and opaque, being strongly rugulose;
the pleurae are smooth and rather shining red, with only the ante-
rior and posterior stigmata black; they are bare. Scutellum shining
red, with a small black spot on the lateral depression; mesophragma
red, Whitish-pallmose, with a narrow black border above. Squamae
brownish, halteres blackish. Abdomen entirely shining black, even
dark reddish, short. Anterior ocellus well developed. Hairs of frons
and face not numerous, never long, of a golden-yellow colour.
Antennae very long, reddish with end of the third joint and of the
terminvl club darkened or blackish; first jomt only a little longer
than the second; third joimt 4-5 times longer than the two first
joints together, with the terminal portion (4th joint) long and broader;
terminal club elongate, about as long as the third joint, tip rounded
and without distinct prominence. Proboscis not quite 2 mm. long,
black above and red below, even on the terminal flaps. Thorax
entirely red, with a broad black median stripe on the back begin-
ning at the neck, becoming attenuated behind and ending at some
distance from the scutellum; it is almost bare and opaque, being
strongly rugulose; the pleurae are smooth and rather shining, red,
with only the anterior and posterior stigmata black; they are bare.
Scutellum shining red, with a small black spot on the lateral depres-
sion; mesophragma red, whitish-pollinose, with a narrow black border
above. Squamae brownish; halteres blackish. Abdomen entirely
shining black, even on the venter, only the terminal segments being
reddish; hind border of the 2nd and 3rd segment narrowly yellowish,
that of the former with small and reddish bullae; it is quite bare,
with scarce whitish hairs at the base below, and there whitish-
pollinose; only the 8th segment has the short pubescence directed
forward; spines of the ovipositor reddish. The surface is deeply
punctulate, more superficially on the venter; the hind borders of the
tergites are narrowly smooth. Legs yellowish, with reddish coxae,
and with scarce and short pale yellowish pubescence; hind femora
less thickened, but with strong spines placed on prominent tubercles
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 223
on the terminal half; claws with black tips. Wings entirely infus-
cated, with only some stripes in the middle of the cells and a nar-
row hind border greyish hyaline; veins entirely black, even at the
base. Second submarginal cell as broad at end as the first posterior
cell; the terminal stalks of the discoidal and of the anal cells are
longer than in the preceding species; praefurca almost absent, the
third longitudinal vein with only a short prolongation beyond it.
NOMONEURA, gen. nov.
I have founded here the present new genus for some species.
which are much like those of Leptomydas, being distinguished chiefly
on account of the stalked first posterior cell, all the veins of the
wing-tip uniting with the first. Owing to this character they were
formerly placed in the following genus Cephalocera; but as this last
genus shows very extraordinary features in the neuration of the
wings, while in the present new genus the neuration is quite nor-
mal (whence the proposed name), it is necessary. to separate them.
The genus seems to be represented also in the Oriental Region, the
Indian species Cephalocera annulata, Brunetti 1917, with short pro-
boscis and neuration of wings as in nigra, Macq., being possibly
referable to it. The main characters of the new genus are as
follows. Head not much hollowed at vertex, less pilose, in the
female nearly bare. Eyes bare; anterior ocellus well developed.
Antennae very long, more than twice as long as the transverse dia-
meter of the head; the fourth joint appears as a part of the club,
which is elongate and not much swollen. Proboscis thick, with
broad terminal flaps, rather long, projecting as far as the middle of
the third antennal joint or even further. No distinct palpi. Thorax
bare, even the metapleurae with only a few hairs or quite bare.
Abdomen not pedunculate, more or less elongate, with the surface
smoth and nearly bare, or only a little hairy at the base. Male
genitalia of the usual shape; ovipositor with the circlet of spines,
but with the segment bearing them not exserted. Legs slender;
hind femora less thickened even in the males, armed inferiorly with
two rows of not very long spines which are placed on non-deve-
loped tubercles; hind tibiae straight or only faintly curved, with no
terminal spur, but with well developed bristles. Wings with all
the terminal veins uniting with the first, the first posterior cell
being thus closed at end and stalked; the end of the second vein
into the first is distant from that of the upper branch of the cubi-
tal fork; second submarginal cell appendiculated at base, of regular
294 Annals of the South African Museum.
shape or swollen at the base inferiorly; terminal stalk of the discoi-
dal cell very short or even absent, at any rate the terminal cross-
vein of the third posterior cell is much shorter than the basal one;
the lower veins of the first and third posterior cell are rounded,
placed at the same distance from the hind border of the wing, but
with a re-entering angle at their junction; lower vein of the third
posterior cells, that is the upper branch of the fifth longitudinal
vein, issuing from the second basal cell, as in all the preceding
genera; anal vein wavy; anal cell with a more or less elongate
point, and with a more or less short stalk. Alula rounded, not
fringed; ambient vein very thin; no hind-marginal cross vein, thus
there are only three posterior cells, the second being fused with
the fourth.
Type: Mypas rascrarus, Wiedemann 1828.
The known species may be distinguished as follows: —
A. Proboscis short, not projecting beyond the mouth; fourth longitudinal
vein meeting at costa with the first posterior cell being thus sessile at end
paradora, N. sp.
B. Proboscis long and projecting; first posterior cell stalked.
(2) 1. Abdomen elongate, with pale yellowish hind border of the segments;
third antennal joint thickened; hind tibiae of the male straight; thorax
more or less reddish on the sides; posterior veins of the wing close to
the hind border 5 5 fasciata, Wied.
(1) 2. Abdomen less elongate, mrichont rellowieh Saneroms bands; third antennal
joint not thickened; hind tibiae of the male little, but distinc curved ;
thorax quite black; posterior veins more distant from the hind worden!
(6) 3. Legs reddish or yellowish, with only a little infuscated femora.
(5) 4. Abdomen of the male in greater part reddish-yellow; wings yellowish
partita, Gerst.
(4) 5. Abdomen of the male blackish or brownish, that of the female broadly
red in the middle; wings infuscated . : : callosa, Wied.
(3) 6. Legs blackish, with quite black hind femora; abdomen of the male black,
more or less broadly red in the centre; wings more intensively infuscated
nigra, Macq.
NoOMONEURA PARADOXA, Nl. Sp.
Type female from Pretoria, 149th. September 1915.. (H. K. Munro),
The present species is a true Nomoneura, but in the characters of
the proboscis and of the first posterior part of the vings, it agrees with
Halterorchis, which has however very different antennae, and with
Mydaselphis, in which the abdomen is stalked and deeply punctate.
Q Length of body 146 mm.; of wings 11 mm.; of antennae 3-6 mm.
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 225
Head shining black, the face dark reddish; the short scattered hairs
are darkish near the antennae, longer and whitish at vertex and
below. Anterior ocellus well developed. Antennae very long, black;
first joint twice as long as the second; third joint cylindrical, long,
not thickened; terminal club elongate a little shorter than the third
joint, dark reddish in the middle. Proboscis very short, not projec-
ting beyond the mouth, with narrow terminal flaps. Thorax shining
black and nearly bare; there is a short pale pubescense on the sides
of the back, and on the propleurae and metapleurae there are very
sparse white hairs; the humeral calli, a stripe above the notopleural
line, the postalar cells and a stripe before the scutellum are reddish;
the pleurae are dark reddish above and below. Scutellum and me-
saphragma reddish. Halteres blackish. Abdomen shining black, bare,
with very scarce and short pale hairs near the base and with a few
impressed points; the two terminal segments are reddish, with dark
short hairs directed forward; venter shining black, with the two
terminal segments reddish; spines of the ovipositer reddish. Legs
simple, entirely pale yellowish, even to the end of the tarsi; coxae
and trocanters dark reddish; claws reddish with black tip; hind
femora less thickened, elongated, but with strong yellowish spines
below. Wings with a faint grey-yellowish tint and with yellowish
veins; second submarginal cell appendiculed and ventricose below ;
first posterior cell sessile at end; third posterior cell with regular
base and with punctiform eud.
NoMONEURA FASCIATA, Wiedemann, 1828.
Easily distinguished from all the other species on account of its
greater size and of its banded abdomen. One male from Zululand,
M’fongosi, December 1911, (W. E. Jones).
The present species seems to be one of the most common and
most widely spread in South Africa. It has been many times descri-
bed and figured, being also the unique species included in Loew’s
work. It is rather variable in the coloration of the body, chiefly of
the thorax, but the abdominal bands are always distinct.
Cephalocera bellardii, described and figured in 1862 by Prof. Ber-
toloni from Mozambique, is not distinguishable from the present
species.
This species shows some peculiarities in the neuration of wing.
The lower veins of the first and third posterior cells are nearer to
the hind border of the wing, and have a less pronounced angle at
their junction; the stalks of the first posterior cell and of the anal
cell are much shorter than in the other species.
15
226 Annals of the South African Museum.
NoMONEURA PARTITA, Gerstaecker, 1868.
Probably only a form of the following species.
Described from South Africa in the Museum at Berlin, but not
found subsequently, and not represented in the collection before me.
NoMONEURA CALLOSA, Wiedemann 1828.
An easily recognisable species of smaller size but of rather stout
body, very well figured in both sexes by Wiedemann.
A couple of specimens from Namaqualand, the male from Spring-
bok, November 1890, the female from O’Okiep (Cape) September
1890 (R. M. Lightfoot).
In these examples the hairs of the head are dark brownish, not
whitish as described by Wiedemann; the wings of the male are
very faintly infuscated. The posterior veins of the wing are more
distant from the hind border, and the stalks of the closed cells are
longer than in fasciata.
NoMONEURA NIGRA, Macquart 1858.
The darker and smaller species of the genus, with practically
black legs and wings. Macquart has described this species from
South Afrika, but it was never recorded subsequently. I refer to it
two male examples, pinned on the same pin, from Jackals Water,
Bushmanland, (Cape), October 1911. (R. M. Lightfoot); they seem
to correspond to the variety from Port Natal, recorded by Walker,
List, VI, Suppl. 41, p. 374.
Length of body 11-12 mm.; of wing 8-9 mm. Head shining black,
clothed with pale yellowish, not dense and never bushy hairs, occi-
put with narrow grey stripe near the eyes. Antennae very long,
black, with dark reddish terminal club; third joint 4-5 times longer
than the first two joints together; the club is elongate but is
shorter than the third joint. Proboscis black, long, projecting to
about the end of the third joint of the antennae. Thorax entirely
black, even on the humeri and pleurae; on the back it is opaque,
almost bare, with four longitudinal stripes of whitish pubescence.
Pleurae rather shining, bare, with scarce, whitish hairs on the
ptero- and metapleurae Scutellum and mesophragma black, a little
shining, rugulose, bare.
Squamae and halteres black. Abdomen black, even on the venter
and at end, rather shining; 2-3 and 4th segments more or less
coir)
broadly red, and also the 5th, but !more narrowly; it has whitish
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 2217
hairs at the base, but is almost bare on the remainder. Even the
horn-like appendages of the male genitalia are black. Legs black,
with dark reddish tibiae, tarsi and underside of the four anterior
femora; hind tibiae curved, with short and scarce inner villosity;
spines of the hind femora dark yellowish and thin; claws and pul-
villi reddish, the former with black tips. Wings blackish, with
only a narrow hind border and narrow stripes of the same cells
-clear. Veins blackish. The stalk of the first posterior cell is well
developed: the posterior veins are rather distant from the hind bor-
der; terminal stalk of discoidal cell very short or even wanting.
CEPHALOCERA, Latreille, 1829.
With Ectyphus the present genus is the most characteristic one of
the South African fauna; because in its true sense, as here restric-
ted, it is exclusively South African. The genus was founded by
Latreille chiefly on the characters of the thin and acute proboscis
and of the long capitate antennae, for the type Mydas longirostris,
Wied.; but the insect figured in Cuvier’s Regne animal, nouv. édit.
(Masson), Insectes, pl. 172, fig. 14, seems to belong to another species.
The genus was subsequently treated by Macquart, 1834 and 1838,
by Westwood, 1841, and by Walker, 1854, who has tabulated the
known species on p. 372-376 of the 2nd Supplement of the ‘List’.
17 species have been recorded as belonging to it; but the Australian
gracilis, Macq. is a Triclonus, and maculipennis, Westw. a Miltinus ;
dentipes, Macq. and the two other American species described by
Philippi belong to Mitradetus. Thus Gerstaecker in 1868 listed only
41 African species, which, with the addition of bellardit, Bertol.,
make 12, as reported in my Catalogue of 1906 and in that of Ker-
tesz of 1909. No African species has been described subsequently.
But of these 12 South African species, Westermanni and rufithorax
are to be placed in Leptomydas; botta, Macq., from Arabia is in all
probability a Syllegomydas, Macquart’s figure of it showing no pro-
jecting proboscis; bellardii is a synonym of fasciata; and _ fasciata,
partita, cullosa and nigra belong to Nomoneura as shown above.
There remain thus in the genus Cephalocera only 4 species, all of
which correspond in one important venational character, which is
unique in the whole of the family. It is very curious that no
Dipterologist has mentioned this character, which is recognisable
even in Wiedermann’s figures of longirostris co and Q pl. 4 IV, fig. 21,
and is well shown in Gerstaecker figure of catulus, pl. 1, fig. 2.
This peculiar character is derived from the branching of the
228 Annals of the South African Museum.
postical or 5th longitudinal vein beginning much beyond the lower
cross-vein and much nearer the hind border of the wing; the upper
branch of the postical fork originating thus near the end of the
anal cell, and not from the second basal cell as is the rule. The
posterior veins become therefore completely parallel with the hind
border of the wing, as is the case with the Nemestrinidae. It there-
fore shows that the lower vein of the third (or fourth) posterior cell
is not Cu 14, as interpreted by Prof. Arias, but is M 4, in accordance
to the new conception of Dr. Tillyard.
It may be noted that the genus Cephalocera is distinguished from
the genus Syllegomydas, besides the venational characters, by the
very different form of the proboscis and of the antennae.
The characters of the genus Cephalocera as here restricted, are as
follows: — Head hollowed at vertex. Eyes bare, converging below
in front view; anterior ocellus rudimentary. Antennae very long
(but in one case short), with the fourth jomt forming a complex
with the third (and not with the club); terminal club elongate and
less swollen (but in one case rounded and swollen). Proboscis very
characteristic, long, thin, acute at end, with very small terminal
flaps; palpi very short, with rounded end and long-haired. Thorax
with long hairs, chiefly in the middle; ptero- and metapleurae hairy ;
surface smooth, like that of the abdomen. Abdomen elongate, but
not pedunculate; male genitalia of peculiar form, with the horn-like
appendages or style converging interiorly with their ends in con-
tact; ovipositor with terminal circlet of spies. Hind femora of the
male more, of the female less thickened, armed in both underneath
with two rows of spines placed on distinct tubercles; hind tibiae
straight or only a little curved, without terminal spur, or only with
a short obtuse apophyse. Venation of the wing lke that of Lepto-
mydas, but with the fourth longitudinal vein ending into the first,
and therefore the first posterior cell is closed and stalked; discoidal
cell very narrow at end, its terminal cross vein being much shorter
than the terminal cross vein of the third posterior cell (but some-
times the opposite takes place; lower vein of the third posterior cell
originating from the anal cell near its end; anal vein rather straight,
bent below at end; ambient thin; no hind marginal cross vein.
Type: Mypas Lonerrostris, Wied. 1829.
The species, with the addition of a new one, can be distinguished
as follows: —
(8) 1. Antennae very long, as long as or even a little more than the proboscis ;
antennal club less swollen and elongate, but shorter than the third antennal
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 229
joint; hind tibiae quite simple at end; back of thorax with whitish or
reddish hairs; wings more or less infuscated, with a well developed alula.
2. Antennae for the greatest part black; wings more or less infuscated.
(4) 3. Legs entirely yellowish, even on the less thickened hind femora; second
submarginal cell and third posterior cell with broad end .
longirostris, Wied.
(8) 4. Hind legs with more thickened, and black or blackish, hind femora;
third posterior cell with narrow end.
(FS
=~]
—
bo
(6) 5. Head and thorax with whitish hairs; size smaller . fasctpennis, Macq.
(5) 6. Head and thorax with reddish hairs; size greater . umbrina, Gerst.
(2) 7. Antennae in greatest part reddish; hind femora thickened and blackish;
wings nearly hyaline . : : catulus, Gerst.
(1) 8. Antennae short, only half as long as 3 he Rennoccie with a rounded and
greatly swollen terminal club, which is equal in length to the third joint
of the antenna; hind femora greatly thickened and black; hind tibiae
with the internal terminal angle produced into a short rather obtuse
process; back of thorax with blackish hairs; wings quite hyaline, with
rudimentary alula. : ; : . brachycera, sp. nov.
CEPHALOCERA LONGIROSTRIS, Wiedemann, 1829.
The type species of the genus, at once distinguishable by its
slender and entirely yellowish legs, though the hind femora may
be infuscated on the apical half (Wiedemann’s original figure).
1 oS and 2 9 from O’Okiep Namaqualand, (Cape) September-
October 1890 (R. M. Lightfoot); another co without data.
This species has been many times described and figured. The
abdominal tergites are entirely shining, black above in both sexes
and reddish on sides, like all the sternites. Only the two terminal
segments of the female abdomen show the peculiar pubescence di-
rected forward. Legs clothed with very long white hairs, which
are less developed in the female; coxae blackish-brown; claws red-
dish, with black tips. Discoidal cell narrower than the third posterior
cell, ith terminal cross vein very short, sometimes punctiform, at
any rate much shorter than the terminal cross vein of the third
posterior cell, and even shorter than the discal cross-vein. Second
submarginal cell with broad end, the three terminal portions of the
first longitudinal vein being about the same length.
CEPHALOCERA FASCIPENNIS, Macquart, 1838.
Distinguished from the preceding species in the more thickemed
and more blackened hind legs, and in same peculiarities of the ve-
nation.
One male specimen, without the abdomen, from Knysna, Cape
230 Annals of the South African Museum.
Colony, October 1916, (L. Péringuey), may be considered to be this
very imperfectly described species.
Head shining black, with ferruginous face, clothed with bushy
white hairs. Antennae and proboscis entirely black, the latter as
long as the former, measuring 2.6 mm. Back of thorax black, with
reddish humeri and sides; it is clothed with long white hairs, dis-
posed on four broad longitudinal stripes with a median much nar-
rower one. Pleurae shining black, grey-dusted above the front
coxae, bare, but with long white tufts on the ptero- and metapleurae.
Squamae whitish; halteres pale yellowish. Scutellum shining black ;
mesophragma dull reddish brown and rugulose. Only the two basal
segments of the abdomen are present in the unique specimen at
hand; they are clothed with long white hairs, are shining black
above, reddish-yellow on sides and reddish-brown on venter; hind
border of second segment yellowish, with broad, shining reddish-
bullae. Legs with shining black, white-haired coxae; those of the
two front pairs are entirely reddish, with long white hairs; hind
legs with thickened femora, which are shining black above and red-
dish below, clothed with long white hairs, and are armed under-
neath with strong black spines placed on reddish tubercles; hind
tibiae straight, almost bare, simple at end, reddish at base and
blackened on the remainder, as are also the tarsi. Wings broadly
infuscated, with hyaline stripes on the discoidal and second submar-
ginal cell, and with hyaline apex and posterior border, though the
latter is faintly shaded towards the middle. The veins are blackish,
but reddish at base in the anterior part of the wing. Second sub-
marginal cell much narrowed at end, the middle one of the three
terminal segments of the first longitudinal vein being thus much
shorter than the other two; discoidal cell broad at end, while the
third posterior cell is almost punctiform there; the discoidal cell is
as broad in the middle as the third posterior cell. Alula well deve-
loped and rounded.
CEPHALOCERA UMBRINA, Gerstaecker, 1868.
This species, the distinction of which from the preceding one is
not an easy matter, was described from the Cape and has not been
recorded subsequently. It is not in the collection before me; the
type is in the Museum at Berlin.
CEPHALOCERA CATULUS, Gerstaecker, 1868.
Even of this species I have not seen any example; it was descri-
bed from the Cape and the type is in Berlin. The original figure
M. Bezzi, The South African Mydaidae (Diptera). 231
shows perfectly the characteristic shape of the base of the third
posterior cell.
CEPHALOCERA BRACHYCERA, Sp. nov.
A species typical in other respects, but very different from all
the others at present known on account of its very short antennae.
Type oO’, a unique specimen from O’Okiep, Namaqualand, (Cape),
September 1890, (R. M. Lightfoot).
The species shows a superficial resemblance to Leptomydas paga-
nus, Gerst., from which it is at once distinguished, besides the
generic characters, by the much shorter antennae, and by the
entirely shining abdomen of the male.
oO. Length of body 13.5 mm., with the antennae 15 mm., of
wing, 10 mm.
Head entirely shining black; occiput densely whitish-dusted at
sides, clothed with dense and short whitish hairs; frons with long
white hairs which are bushy at vertex, and having a stripe of snow-
white tomentum near the eyes, continued on the sides of the face
which is clothed with dense and long white hairs. Anterior ocellus
rudimentary. Antennae shorter than the transverse diameter of the
head, and only half as long as the proboscis; they are black, with
the terminal club bright reddish; first segment rather swollen, with
long white hairs, once and a half as long as the short second joint,
third segment cylindrical, twice as long as the two first segments
together, its terminal part (fourth joint) as long as the first joint
and distinctly thickened; terminal club very swollen, pyriform,
about as long as the third joint, with a short and obtuse apical
protuberance. Proboscis shining black, 3 mm. long, of the thin and
acute shape typical of the genus. Thorax entirely black, with
reddish humeri; on the back it is opaque with the beginning of two
broad stripes of grey dust in front and between them a much nar-
rower middle line; it is clothed with blackish or dark reddish hairs,
only on the sides along the notopleural line there is a stripe of
white hairs; pleurae shining black, grey-dusted above the fore coxae,
the metapleurae with a dense tuft of whitish hairs. Scutellum
shining black, with reddish hairs; mesophragma black, bare, dark
grey-dusted. Squamae pale yellowish; halteres with yellowish stalk
and blackish knob. Abdomen entirely shining black from the base
to the end; the segments 2-7 with rather broad yellowish hind
borders, white and shining on the sides, that of the second segment
interrupted by the broad, ovate, shining black bullae; at the base
there are long white hairs, on the rest the hairs are short, scattered,
232 Annals of the South African Museum.
whitish, a little more abundant on the sides and at end; venter
shining reddish, with the 3-4 terminal segments blackened, clothed
with rather long and abundant whitish hairs. Genitalia short,
shining black, reddish at end, clothed with whitish hairs, with the
horn-like appendages convergent and with their tips im contact.
Legs with shining black, white-haired coxae; those of the two an-
terior pairs reddish-brown, clothed with long yellowish or darkish
hairs; hind femora greatly thickened, shining black above, dark
reddish below, with a long whitish villosity, armed below with
strong black spines placed on reddish much prominent tubercles.
Hind tibiae rather thick, a little curved on the terminal half, with
long rather rigid darkish or yellowish hairs, and provided at end,
on the internal angle with a rather stout, obtuse process, which
bears 4-5 strong reddish bristles. Tarsi reddish-brown; claws
reddish, with black tips. Wings quite hyaline and iridescent, with
black veins. Second submarginal cell regular, with long appendix
at base, not much narrowed at end; stalk of the first posterior cell
well developed: discoidal cell much narrower than the third poste-
rior cell, and much narrowed at end, its terminal cross-vein being
about as long as the discal cross-vein, and much shorter than the
terminal cross-vein of the third posterior cell; this latter is exceed-
ingly broad at base, its lower vein (M 4 or Cu 1) ending (or origi-
nating) very near the end of the anal cell; axillary lobe long and
proportionately narrow; alula very narrow, rudimentary.
Hike
abdominalis (Ectyphus) Bez..
alastor (Ripidoserma) Walk. .
annulata (Cephalocera) Brun.
armipes (Ectyphus) Bez. .
armipes pretoriensis Bez. .
B
bellardi (Nomoneura) Bert. .
brachycera (Cephalocera) Bez.
brauns1 (Leptomydas) Bez.
braunsi (Ripidoserma) .
C.
callosa (Nomoneura) Wied.
catulus (Cephalocera) Gerst.
Cephalocera, Latr. . é
crassipes (Haplomydas) Bez. .
D.
dentipes (Mitrodetus) Macq. .
dispar (Leptomydas) Loew. .
E.
Ectyphus Gerst.
Eremomydas Sen..
F.
fasciata (Nomoneura) Wied.
fascipennis (Cephalocera) Macq. .
flavirostris (Leptomydas) Bez.
fulviventris (Leptomydas) Big. Duf.
G.
gracilis (Triclonus) Macq. .
H.
Halterorchis Bez. .
Haplomydas Bez.. .
humeralis (Leptomydas) Gerst.
. 194
. 225
. 229
. 214
211
. 227
> PALY
. 199
> AL
Te
indianus (Leptomydas) Brun.
inermis (Halterorchis) Bez.
L.
lanipes (Leptomydas) Bez.
Leptomydas Gerst. . .
limbatus (Ectyphus) Will...
longirostris (Cephalocera) Wied.
luctuosus (Leptomydas) Bez. .
lusitanicus (Leptomydas) Meig. .
M.
maculipennis (Miltinus) Westw.
Miltinus Gerst.
Mitradetus Gerst..
Mydas Fabr.
Mydaselpis Bez.
N.
nigra (Nomoneura) Bez. .
nitidus (Leptomydas) Bez.
nivosus (Leptomydas) Gerst. .
Nomoneura Bez. oe :
O.
opacus (Leptomydas) Bez. .
1B,
paganus (Leptomydas) Gerst.
PAGE
. 201
3 allel
. 207
~ 20
. 195
. 229
. 204
. 202
. 227
. 227
. 227
. 193
. 218
. 226
. 209
. 210
. 223
. 213
pantherinus (Leptomydas) Gerst. .
paradoxa (Nomoneura) Bez.
partita (Nomoneura) Gerst.
péringueyi (Mydaselpis) Bez..
Perissocerus Gerst. . :
pinguis (Ketyphus) Gerst.’,
R.
Rhopalia Macq.
Ripidoszyrma Herm. .
rufipes (Leptomydas) Westw.
rufithorax (Leptomydas) Wied. .
234 Annals of the South African Museum.
8.
subclausus Clieptoniy dae) Bez.
Syllegomydas Beck.. .
T.
townsendi ( eee Will.
Triclonus Gerst. . .
PAGE
. 216
. 201
We
umbrina (Cephalocera) Gerst.
V.
variolosus (Mydaselpis) Bez. .
W.
| westermanni (Leptomydas)
. 206
(235 )
6.—Syuth African Crustacea (Part XII of S. A. Crustacea, for the
Marine Investigations in South Africa). By the Rev. THomas
R. R. Sreppine, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Fellow of King’s
College, London, Hon. Memb. of New Zealand Inst., Hon.
Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford.
(Plates I—VII of vol. XIX. Plates CX VI—CXXII of Crustacea).
Of the eleven species with which the present contribution is con-
cerned five are offered as new to science. About one of the species
there is an element of mystery worthy to be solved by some one
among the many skilled carcinologists of our day. That publication
of this treatise has been considerably delayed is due to causes with
which writers on systematic zoology are only too familar. But
with regard to the comparative meagreness of results as here exhi-
bited, it may be explained that numerous specimens have been
carefully examined, yielding results necessary for museum purposes,
while supplying no addition, or none under present circumstances
applicable, to scientific nomenclature.
BRACHYURA.
TrinE OXYRRHYNCHA.
Famity INACHIDAE.
Genus ACHAEOPSIS, Stimpson, 1857.
ACHAEOPSIS THOMSONI (Norman).
See these Annals, vol. XVII, p. 24, pl. 90.
A specimen was obtained at a depth of 166 fathoms at Vasco de
Gama peak, S 75 E, 13 miles; Cape Peninsula. S.A.M. No. A 1414.
TrinE CYCLOMETOPA.
Famity XANTHIDAE.
Genus TETRALIA, Dana, 1851.
TETRALIA GLABERRIMUS (Herbst).
See these Annals, vol. VI, p. 305; 1910.
A specimen in close correspondence with Dana’s figures was ob-
tained by J. de Souza at Mozambique S.A.M. No. A 41415.
236 ; Annals of the South African Museum.
Genus ACTAEA, de Haan; 1833.
ACTAEA PARVULUS (Krauss); 1843.
See these Annals, vol. VI, pp. 298, 299; 1910.
Specimens obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard at Mozambique (Noy.
1912) are referable to this species. One specimen seemed near to
Pilodius martensii (Krauss), but the ambulatory peraeopods are not
biuncinate. S.A.M. No. A 2221.
Genus HYPOCOLPUS, Rathbun.
1834, Cancer (part), Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. I, p. 376.
1861. Hypecoelus, Heller, Sb. Ak. Wien, vol. XLII, p. 319.
1893. 5 Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. V, pt. 40,
p. 308.
1897. Hypocolpus, Rathbun, Pr. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. XI, p. 164.
1898. Hypocoelus, Alcock, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. LX VII, pp. 74, 141.
Milne Edwards, while like Herbst and Audouin (in Savigny) leay-
ing the species in Cancer, practically defines a new genus by the
statement, ‘‘A great oval cavity on each pterygostomian region
(disposition of which we know no other example in the Crustacea)’.
For the typical species he curiously misquotes Herbst (1790) and
Audouin (1825) as authorities for C. esculptus ‘and then gives the
species as C. sculptus instead of the correct exsculptus. Heller’s
Hypocoeius being preoccupied was changed by Miss Rathbun into
Aypocolpus.
HypocoLpus EXScULPTuUS (Herbst).
1790. Cancer exsculptus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, vol. I, p. 265,
pl. 21, fig. 421.
— Audouin, Expl. pl. d’Egypte (Savigny), pl. 6,
fig. 3.
1834. » sculptus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. I, p. 376.
1861. Hypocoelus sculptus. Heller, SB. Ak. Wien, vol. XLIII, p. 322.
S
avigny’s plate contains 5 figures of this species, important, but
obscurely numbered. Heller by mistake refers to Savigny’s fig. 2
instead of fig. 5. The specimen brought by Mr. Barnard from
Mozambique (Noy. 1912) has greatest breadth 29 mm., median length
21 mm., subpterygostomian hollows just as figured in Savigny’s
plate and male pleon also in agreement. The one remaining cheli-
ped has dark fingers with lighter tips, both palm and fingers long-
itudinally tuberculate. S.A.M. No. A 4211.
Thomas R. R. Stelbing, South African Crustacea. 237
TrinE CATOMETOPA.
Famity OCYPODIDAE.
Genus CLEISTOSTOMA, de Haan; 1835.
See these Annals, vol. VI, pt. 4, p. 328; 1910.
ine SScors inns Soc avolye WM pedo7 Dre eG de, Mani
restricted de Haan’s genus by the institution of a new genus Diox-
ippe for de Haan’s C. pusilla and a new species D. orientalis. He
has also instituted two other genera Paraclistostoma and Tylodiplax,
which Alcock thinks unnecessary. (See J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol.
LXIX, p. 374; 41900).
CLEISTOSTOMA BLEPHARISKIOS, n. Sp.
Plate CXVI.
The specific name from SAcqpagic, eye-lash, and ox, shade, allu-
des to the striking mass of setae surrounding the eyestalk. This
organ is of moderate length, curved, slender except at the base, and
furnished with a very small cornea. Another important feature
which appears to distinguish this from the allied species in the
shape of the extensive fourth joint of the third maxilliped, largely
excavate at the imner angle, while the three following joints are
insignificant in size, the first folded against the fourth joint and
each furnished with long setae. The first and second maxillipeds
are in fair agreement with the figures in Savigny’s Egyptian Crus-
tacea, pl. 2, figs. 1), 1, for the species named Macrophthalmus leachii
by Audouin and Cleistotoma leachii by Milne Edwards, except that
the exopod of the second mavxilliped is here relatively longer. Savig-
ny’s plate shows a very dilated vibratory lamina for the second
maxilla, yet not so dilated as it is in our species. The palp of the
mandible as figured on Savigny’s plate must, [ think, be much
exaggerated in size compared with the trunk. At any rate in our
species it folds against the trunk, the third joint closely adjoining
the incisor edge.
The first and second antennae are very small. The figures are
more magnified than the other details in order to show the charac-
ters of the two little flagella in the first pair, the few-joimted fla-
gellum in the second pair and its setose peduncle. The first parae-
opods or chelipeds like the other limbs are setose: the fingers are
slender, meeting at the tips and at one point of the inner margins
by help of the single tooth of the movable finger. In all the
238 Annals of the South African Museum.
remaining peraeopods the pointed finger is perfectly straight, shortest
in the fifth pair. The third and fourth pairs are remarkably alike,
with the fifth jomt widening distally and the sixth with considerable
proximal breadth distally narrowed. The outer sides of these setose
joints show oblique stripes. In the pleon the first segment is the
widest and shortest, the second less wide but slightly longer, the
rest gradually narrowing to the rounded setose telson. The cara-
pace is about 9°5 mm. in breadth by about 6 mm. in length.
Collected in Delagoa Bay by Mr. K. H. Barnard. (Oct. 1912).
S.A.M. No. 2134.
BRACHYURA ANOMALA.
Famity HOMOLIDAE.
Genus LATREILLOPSIS, Henderson; 1888.
See these Annals, vol. XVII, p. 255; 1920.
LATREILLOPSIS BISPINoSUS, Henderson.
1888. Latreillopsis bispinosa, Henderson, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol.
XXVII, pt. 69, p. 22, pl. 2, figs. 3, 3a—e.
is Hf Ihle, Siboga-Exp., Dromiacea, p. 77,
with synonymy.
1915.
A female ‘specimen with eggs has a carapace 10 mm. long. All
the peraeopods are wanting except one each of the second and fifth
pairs. Also the central spine of the rostrum is broken and the
supra-ocular spines are absent, probably by accidental fracture.
But attention may be called to the slender long joint of the eye-
stalk and that of the first antenna, both of which though quite
stiff have the appearance of being composed of many little short
joints. The thick following joint of the eye-stalk carries three
short setae.
Locality, Cape Natal W. 3%, N. 43 miles; depth 35 fathoms.
S.A.M. No. A 1353.
It may here be remarked that L. dleocki, described in these An-
nals in 1920 is evidently nearly related to L. multispinosus, Ihle,
1912, 1915, though less richly endowed in regard to its spines.
Thomas Rk. R. Stebbing, South African Crustacea. 239
MACRURA ANOMALA.
TrinE PAGURIDEA.
Famity PAGURIDEA.
Grnus CALCINUS, Dana.
4852. Calcinus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. XIII, pp. 435, 456.
41914. Ai Stebbing, Ir. R.-Soc. Edim:, vol. 1, pp. 255; 278
(with part synonymy).
1913. “ Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wien Suppl., vol.
IX, p. 41.
Among the specimens of Malacostraca entrusted to me by Dr. W.
S. Bruce leader of the ‘‘Scotia” expedition (the Scottish National
Antarctic Expedition) were two which I referred to Caleinus talis-
mani, A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier. Supposing that identification
to have been correct, the species now to be described may with
some confidence be referred to the same genus. For both species
show the unusual feature to which in 1914 I directed attention,
namely, that in the second and third maxillipeds the trunk of the
exopod greatly exceeds in breadth the endopod. In the figures and
descriptions of the species of this genus to which I have had access
I have not found any record of this character. It may be noticed
in passing that Milne Edwards in his illustration of the second
maxilliped of Birgus latro shows a very broad exopod. It is a per-
plexing circumstance that the specimens now to be dealt with have
the right cheliped larger than the left.
CALCINUS ASTATHES, N. Sp.
Plate CXVII.
The group of specimens to which I have given a name from the
Greek word ceraéijs, unsteady, agree however, as above noted, in
having the right cheliped larger than the left, which is contrary to
the accepted definition of the genus. The specimen from which the
figures are drawn is in another respect abnormal, in that the larger
uropod is on the right. But in another specimen of approximately
equal size this abnormality does not occur, nor in the three smaller
specimens. In one of these latter the inferior length of the right
eye-stalk is much accentuated. In the specimen figured this charac-
ter is very slightly indicated. In the present species the telson is
240, Annals of the South African Museum.
longer than broad with a smoothly rounded end, not as in C. tali,-
mant broader than long and apically notched. The chelipeds are
similar in structure and armature of tubercles and setae on the last
three joints, the movable finger rather longer than the palm, a little
more so in the smaller cheliped; both have black spooned apices.
The fingers of the ambulatory limbs, with black ungues, are longer
than the preceding joint. The stout little fourth peraeopod is sub-
chelate; the slender fifth is minutely chelate, with long curved setae
over the chela and the several joimts carrying various groups of
setae set at different angles.
The carapace of the specimen figured had a length of 17 mm.,
with greatest breadth 9 mm., the left eye being 65 mm. in length,
the long terminal joint of the peduncle of the first antenna 3°5 mm.,
finger of smaller cheliped 5 mm., of the larger 5°5 mm.
Locality Delagoa Bay. Procured by Mr. K. H. Barnard, Oct. 1912.
S.A.M. No. A 2421.
Genus CANCELLUS, Milne Edwards.
1836. Cancellus, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., zodl. vol. VI, pp.
262, 286.
1837. ee Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 44, p. 242 (Cancelle, p. 242).
1895. a ss is » Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl.
vol. XVIII, p. 52. ;
1900. we 5 ee, , A. M.-Edw. & Bouvier, Exp. Tra-
vailleur & Talisman, p. 183.
1905. 3 ms _ 5» Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust.,
Fasc. 4, pp. 24, 76.
It is true that a leading character in the original definition of
this genus is the perfect symmetry of the pleon. But Faxon in
describing his Cancellus tanneri writes, ‘‘The abdomen as a whole is
not quite bilaterally symmetrical the right side being more swollen
than the left, a condition which gives the abdomen a slight twist
to the left.’ Alcock also, while describing the uropods as quite
symmetrical, adds ‘as also or nearly so is the telson.”
CANCELLUS MAKROTHRIX, N. sp.
Plate CX VIII.
The specific name, from the Greek uaxzodbor§, long-haired, refers
to the remarkably setose character displayed in almost all parts,
including the carapace, pleopods and telson, and reaching an extreme
Thomas R. R. Stebbing, South African Crustacea. 24
in the cheliform fourth peraeopods, while even the eye-stalks are
hairy. The broad hand and short finger of the equal first peraeopods
carry many rows of stiff setae. The spooned apices of thumb and
finger are black. The fourth to the sixth joints of the ambulatory
limbs are broad, the much narrower seventh joimt is very slightly
longer than the sixth, with an upturned black apex. The slender
finger of the fourth peraeopods does not reach beyond the broad
dark rasp of the preceding jomt. The whole of the cheliform fifth
peraeopod is slender. The telson, broader than long, with slightly
excavate hind margin is a little unsymmetrical. It has a feature
difficult clearly to represent, a deep hollow across the middle which
resisted flattening out. The median length of the carapace is 21 mm.
its breadth to the rear 22 mm.
The mouth-organs offer some points of interest, though, as these
parts in the Paguridae are rather seldom figured, their use for
comparison is diminished. In the second maxilla it will be noticed
that the apex of the vibratory plate is unusually narrow. In the first
maxilliped opportunity has been afforded for showing that the terminal
part of the exopod is not as in the other maxillipeds subdivided into
numerous jointlets. In the second maxillipeds the principal joint of
the exopod is very long and broader than the joints of the endopod.
In the third maxilliped it is less important as compared with the
endopod, but the endopod itself has a feature probably of specific
importance, namely, in the straight row of fourteen little tubercles
near the inner margin of its third joint. The specimen is a female,
with the sexual openings conspicuous at the bases of the third
peraeopods. “
Locality, Algoa Bay, depth 10 fathoms 8.A.M. No. A 1544.
GEeNus EUPAGURUS, Brandt, 4851.
See these Annals, vol. XVII, p. 259; 1920.
EUPAGURUS PLACENS, 0. sp.
Plate CXIX.
Among the numerous species assigned to this genus I have failed
to recognise one which combines the characters displayed by the
specimen here to be described. It makes some approach to E. spi-
nulentus, Henderson, which I have noticed on p. 260 of the reference
given above for the genus, but a comparison of the details prevents
any union between the two forms.
16
249 Annals of the South African Museum.
The carapace is 16 mm. long, the fifth pleon segment 2°5 mm.,
the sixth 2 mm. and the round-ended telson 3 mm., the eyes
65 mm. in length. The likeness to the Pylochelidae is dissipated by
the obvious twist of the pleon and the asymmetry of the uropods,
that on the left being much the larger. In both uropods the ex-
ceptional smallness of the inner branch should be noticed.
The front of the carapace is obscurely produced between the
ophthalmic scales, below each of which is produced backward a faint
ridge of the carapace, its front margin forming a smal] denticle on
the outer side of each scale. These scales are wide apart, bilobed,
not denticulate, but the larger inner lobe produced into an acute
apex. The eye-stalks widen to the black corneae, which outreach
the acicles. Of these the longer inner setulose branch is not calcified,
the outer branch is denticulate. As in the first antennae so in the-
second the terminal joint of the peduncle is the longest, and in the
second the flagellum is devoid of setae and more than four times as
long as the peduncle.
The small mandibles have a sharp molar ridge on the inner side,
the third joint of the palp the longest and very setose. The first
maxillipeds are small and very delicate. In the second pair the
sixth joint of the endopod is notably broader than the fifth or seventh
and very setose, the exopod elongate. In the third pair the stem of
the exopod narrows a little abruptly distally, this narrowing accentu-
ated by the prominence of a group of setae, the stem not reaching
the apex of the fifth joint of the endopod. The latter is elongate,
its last four joints subequal in length, attached end on, fringed with
setae. ,
The right cheliped is considerably the larger, its hand armed with
two conspicuous rows of denticles on the palm, one continued irre-
gularly along the broad-ended finger, the other on the inner side of
the thumb. Between thumb and finger a gap is concealed by long
setae; the outer margin of the thumb is dentate following an incon-
spicuous row of denticles on margin of the palm. The wrist is
strongly dentate on the inner margin. The smaller left cheliped has
a hand not unlike its companion, but with the fingers longer in
comparison with the palm. The second and third peraeopods have
fingers longer than the preceding joint, curved, fringed with setae.
The fourth peraeopod has a short, curved finger, with sharp apex.
The fifth has a diminutive finger, with setules on the blunt end.
Locality Mossel Bay, depth 19 fathoms. S.A.M. No. A 4537.
Thomas R. R. Stebbing, South African Crustacea. 243
EUPAGURUS DEPROFUNDIS, h. sp.
Plate CXX.
The present species agrees with H. placens in the numerous rows
of teeth or sharpened tubercles with which the hands and wrists of
the large chelipeds are furnished. But in many details the two
species differ not a little. Here the telson has a curiously produced
lobe with calcified rim at the right extremity, and the right uropod
instead of the left is the larger. The long flagellum of the second
antenna here has the fringing setae which are wanting in the other
species. In the delicate structure of the first maxillipeds the figures
show slight but decided differences and in the third maxillipeds the
sixth joint of the endopod is notably longer than either the fifth or
seventh instead of being subequal to each. Note also apical tooth
of its fourth jomt. The fourth peraeopods are alike in the two
species, but the fifth differ in that the little unfingerlike finger is
here facing a produced blunt apex of the preceding joint making an
apology for a chela,
In regard to the second and third peraeopods it may be noticed
that the fourth jot of the third is shorter than that of the second
pair, but as to the third joint the comparative length is reversed.
The carapace of the specimen, a female, measures 14 mm. in median
length, with a breadth to the rear of 10mm. The eyes are 5 mm. long.
Locality Cape Morgan N.%/, W. 13 miles; depth 250—320 fathoms.
S.A.M. No. A 1540.
Henderson’s HE. rubricatus is reported from 700 fathoms.
MACRURA GENUINA.
TrisE CARIDEA.
FamILy ?
GENus PROBLEMACARIS, Stebb.
1921. Stebbing. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) VIII. p. 626.
Mandibles without palp; cutting edge, spine-row, and representative
of molar in a continuous line. First and second maxillae with all
normal parts well developed. Long flagellate exopods on all three
maxillipeds and the peraeopods. End-joint of second maxillipeds not
strip-like in attachment. Third maxillipeds slenderly pediform. First
and second peraeopods similar, each forming a small chela, the wrist
Q4A4, Annals of the South African Museum.
undivided. The three following limbs simple. All parts except eyes,
peraeopods and pleopods, strongly spined.
Generic name from mg03Ayua, a problem, and zagis, a shrimp,
in allusion to the difficulty of allotting the described form to any of
the very numerous divisions of the Caridea.
PROBLEMACARIS SPINETUM, Stebb.
1921. Stebbing. l.c. p. 626.
Plates CXXI & CXXII.
Two specimens were obtained by Dr. Gilchrist in the year 41900
when dredging with shrimp trawl from the ‘Pieter Faure” ata
depth “about 300 fathoms” ‘Table Mountain E. by S. 40 miles”.
S.A.M. No. A109.
The specific name is the Latin word signifying “a thicket of thorns”.
The size, number, and arrangement of the spines in this species,
though they may not exclude the possibility of its not being fully
adult, at least mark it off as distinct from all other forms that I
can find hitherto described. A superficial resemblance to the Thal-
assocaris stimpsoni figured by Bate in his ,,Challenger” Report, pl. 117,
may partially account for its undeserved neglect. In number of spines
it may have a competitor in Ceratomysis spinosus, Faxon, but there
the arrangement of them is quite different. The telson is reminiscent
of that figured by Faxon for his Calastacus stilirostris, 11 which
however the uropods are very distinctive.
The pointed rostrum with no ventral teeth is surmounted by a
succession of four large spines, succeeded by two much larger on
the median line of the carapace with a little tooth close behind the
second. The antero-lateral angle of the carapace is produced into
a spine much outstripping the eye and followed by a curved margin
fringed with short equal spinules. The margin is then continued
in a straight lime to a small distal tooth, with the hind margin at
right angles to the laterals, strongly excavate in the middle but
convex for a space adjoining the distal tooth above-mentioned.
On the pleon the spines are present in rather baffling numbers.
As shown in the plates the lower part of one segment carried 18
large spines, the full complement in another is 25; the sides and
broad apex of the long quadrangular telson muster 18 which are
plumose; to these must be added 2 small lateral spines or setae,
and on the lower half some dorsal spicules are discernible. The
first five segments of the pleon are rather short, the sixth nearly
as long as the telson. The uropods are longer than the telson, with
Thomas R. R. Stebbing, South African Crustacea. 245
dense fringes of long plumose setae except on most of the outer
margin of the exopod. Low down this has a small tooth such as
often marks the “diaeresis” or oblique dividing line, which however
could not here be perceived. A faint longitudinal dorsal ridge
carries minute spines.
The eyes have the cornea broader than the eye-stalk, colour dark.
In the first antennae the first joint is very long, carrying an elon-
gate spine near the base; this has an upturned pomt; of the fla-
gella one is slender, obscurely six-jomted, the other stout, about as
long as first joint of the peduncle. Second antennae carying many
long spines, the scale with two conspicuous but smaller divergent
spines near the rounded setose apex. Mandibles with four- (or five-)
toothed cutting edge, followed by a long row of setules and spinules
to a slightly projecting dark mass of denticles, the trunk gradually
narrowing from this broad front. First maxillae with outer plate
narrow, apically carrying four spines. Second maxillae with narrow
apical portion of endopod many-spined. First maxillipeds having
two basal joits broad, the rest short and narrow. Second maxilli-
peds having on one ‘side the sixth and seventh joints distinct but
on the other in one piece, probably a malformation. Third maxilli-
peds with last four joints very narrow, seventh very short, sixth
very long, twice as long as the fifth, fourth curved, two-thirds the
length of the sixth, third as broad as long. Finger of first peraeo-
pods with two spines on narrowly truncate apex. In second pair
finger and thumb each tipped with a spinule, wrist here longer
than hand instead of rather shorter as in preceding pair. The
three following peraeopods have a short curved finger, hand much
longer than wrist. Fifth peraeopod more slender than third or
fourth. First pleopod with endopod not half as long as exopod and
carrying a small coupling process with hooks at the apex. Length
of specimen measured round the dorsal curve about 145 mm.
INDEX.
PAGE
Achaeopsis . . 235
Actaea : 236
alcocki (Latreillopsis) 238
Anomala (Brachyura) . 238
Anomala (Macrura). . . ~239
astathes (Calcinus) pl. 117 . 239
Birgus. : : 239
bispinosus (Latreillopsis) : 238
blephariskios (Cieisontoms) pl 1 116 237
Brachyura . 235
Calastacus 244
Calcinus . 239
Cancellus . 240
Cancer. 236
Caridea 243
Catometopa . 237
Ceratomysis . 244
Cleistostoma. 237
Cyclometopa. . 235
deprofundis (Bupagurus) pl. 120 . 243
Dioxippe . 237
Eupagurus . . 241
exsculptus (Hypocolpus) 236
glaberrimus (Tetralia) . 235
Homolidae 238
Hypocoelus . 236
Hypocolpus . 236
Inachidae. 235
Latreillopsis.
latro (Birgus) . .
leachii (Cleistotoma) .
makrothrix ca pl. 118 8
Macrura .
martensii (Pilodius) . :
multispinosus (Latreillopsis)
Ocypodidae . ; :
Oxyrrhyncha
Paguridae
Paguridea
parvulus (Actaea).
Pilodius 3) 2:
placens (Eupagurus) pl. 119 .
Problemacaris . 2
Pylochelidae.
rubricatus (Eupagurua).
sculptus (Hypocoelus)
spinetum (Problemacaris) pl. 121 122 244
spinosus (Ceratomysis) .
spinulentus (Eupagurus)
stilirostris (Calastacus) .
talismani (Calcinus) .
tanneri (Cancellus)
Tetraha .
Thalassocaris
thomsoni (Achaeopsis) .
Xanthidae sae
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate I. (Crustacea Plate CX VI).
Clerstostoma blepharisktos, n. sp.
n.s. Lines indicating natural size of the specimen.
car., Pl. Dorsal view of carapace, and of pleon flattened out, less magnified than
the following parts.
a.s., a.1. First and second antennae, more magnified than the preceding or fol-
lowing details.
m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 2, mxp. 3. Mandible, first and second maxillae, second
and third maxillipeds, to a uniform scale.
oc., prp. 1, prp. 3, prp. 5. Hye, first, third, and fifth peraeopods, to a uniform
scale, less than that of the mouth-organs.
Plate II. (Crustacea Plate CX VII).
Calcinus astathes, n. sp.
car. Front of carapace, with eyes in position.
T., urp. Telson, and sixth segment of pleon carrying the uropods.. The following
parts more highly magnified.
a.s., m., mx. 1, mx. 2. First antenna, mandible, first and second maxillae (in-
complete).
mxp. l, 2, 3. First, second, and third maxillipeds.
prp. 1, 4, 5. First peraeopod (left cheliped), fourth and fifth peraeopods, much
less magnified than the preceding details.
Plate III. (Crustacea Plate CX VIII).
Cancellus makrothria, n. sp.
car. Front of carapace, with the eyes attached.
T. Dorsal view of telson, and left uropod attached to the preceding segment.
a.s. First antenna.
m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, 2, 3. Mandible, first and second maxillae, first maxil-
liped (with further enlargement of the flagellum), second and third maxil-
lipeds.
prps. 1, 3, 4, 5. First peraeopod (left), third, fourth, and fifth, all less magnified
than the preceding details, except the separate chela of the fifth peraeopod.
Plate IV. (Crustacea Plate CXIX).
Eupagurus placens, n. sp.
car. Front of carapace, with eyes, first antennae, and acicles of second, magni-
fied to the same scale with the other figures, except those next following.
248 Annals of the South African Museum.
ac., m., mxp.1., gill of mxp. 3. Acicle, mandible, part of first maxilliped, gill of
third, more magnified than the rest on account of their small size.
T. Telson with fifth and sixth segments of the pleon and the right uropod.
a.s., mxp.2, mxp.3. First antenna, second and third maxillipeds.
prp. 1, prp. 1. On the right: finger, hand, and wrist of the right cheliped; on
the left: finger, hand, and part of wrist of the left cheliped.
prp. 4, prp. 5. Fourth and fifth peraeopods.
urp. Left uropod.
Plate V. (Crustacea Plate CXX).
Eupagurus deprofundis, n. sp.
car. Front of carapace, with eyes and the first and second antennae of the right
side in position.
T. Telson and two preceding segments of the pleon, with indication of the
right uropod. ;
m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, mxp. 2. Mandible, first and second maxillae, first and ©
second maxillipeds.
mxp. 3. Third maxilliped, less highly magnified than the preceding parts.
prp. 1. First peraeopod (right cheliped) on a lower scale of magnification than
the third maxilliped.
prp. 4, prp. 5. Fourth and fifth peraeopods on the same scale as the maxillae.
Plate VI. (Crustacea Plate CXXI).
: Problemacaris spinetum, Stebb.
n.s. Line roughly indicating length of contour of the specimen.
ear. 1, car. d. Carapace in lateral view and (incomplete) in dorsal view.
r. Lateral view of the rostrum.
T., urp. Dorsal aspect of telson in connexion with sixth pleon-segment and left
uropod.
m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, 2, 3. Mandible, first and second mazxillae first, second,
and third maxillipeds to uniform scale, distal portion of mandible and
second maxilla in further magnification.
Plate VII. (Crustacea Plate CXXII).
Problemacaris spinetum, Stebb.
Pl.s., Pl.s. Two segments of the pleon detached, to show the armature, the
upper figure showing only the ventral half of the segment.
a.s., a.i. The first and second antennae, with further magnification of the apex
of the scale as seen when flattened out.
mxp. 2. Endopod of second maxilliped, apically differing from its companion
figured on the preceding plate.
prp. 1, prp. 1, prp. 2, prp. 3. First peraeopod (with further enlargement of its
chela), second and third peraeopods.
plps. First pleopod with short endopod, and one of the other pleopods, with
small retinaculum.
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XIX. Eee
Stebbing del. Fa. P. W. M. Tr. imp.
CLEISTOSTOMA BLEPHARISKIOS, 1. sp.
ee ee
—
Ann. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XIX.
Stebbing del.
CALCINUS ASTATHES, 1. sp.
prp4. =
Fa. P. W. M.Tr. imp.
Amn. S. Afr. Mus. Vol. XIX. Pls 3:
Stebbing del.
Fa. P. W. M. Tr. imp,
GANGELLUS MAKROTHRIX, 1. sp.
Stebbing del, Fa. P. W. M. Tr. imp.
RUPAGURUS PLACENS, xn. sp.
pill
x
RAY & fa
=> SS > SS ; SA_f
Se Scccoe noobie
SS
Sy
==, : afi rr
Vol. XIX.
tA
Senin Y y
(big
i
Ann. S. Afr. Mus.
Moxyp.2.
Fa. P. W. M. Tr. imp.
RUPAGURUS DEPROFUNDIS, 1, sp.
Stebbing del.
map. us
Stebbing del. Fa. P. W. M. Tr. imp.
: | - PROBLEMACARIS SPINETUM, Stebb,
Is Stebbing del. Fa. P. W. M.Tr. imp.
PROBLEMACARIS SPINETUM, Stebb,
= PRINTED FOR - a0 ee = o cs =
‘
i
a
( 251 )
7. The Drassidae of South Africa (Arachnida).—By
R. W. EH. Tucker, M.A., Assistant.
(With Plates VIII-XL.)
Scope.
THE following Monograph gives an account of the Drassid spiders of
South Africa. The term South Africa is meant to apply to the
region south of the 15° latitude and not to political South Africa.
Even so, the boundary is an artificial one arachnologically, for, as far
as can be seen from the distribution of the species at present known,
certain Cape Province * species occur in South-West Africa, and others
spread northwards to the East African equatorial region, and certain
Abyssinian species spread south to the same region. Whether the
interpenetration is carried further, the known material does not
show. Mediterranean species, however, merge with Abyssinian, and
the latter with Arabian species, and so on. To attempt to work out
the distribution of species, therefore, requires the knowledge of a
greater number of specimens recorded from various regions than are
available at present. It is probable, however, that as Drassids are
small, agile spiders, protecting themselves by living under any fallen
object which can provide shelter, there is no reason why any barrier
short of the Sahara Desert should impede their distribution. In fact,
the distribution of the Drassids seems parallel to that of Ants, as set
out by Mr. G. Arnold of the Rhodesia Museum in the preface to his
Monograph on “ Formicidae,’ Ann. 8.A. Mus., vol. xiv, pt. 1.
Drassidae as a rule do not feature largely in collections, because
not only has special search to be made for them, but their agility
makes them difficult to capture. In addition, owing to the uniformity
in appearance of the species of various genera, it is only sexually
mature specimens that can be identified with certainty, and such
Specimens are only obtainable at certain periods of the year. This
being so, the records of species are naturally of a somewhat scattered
and isolated nature; nevertheless the genera and species here dealt
with most probably include the major portion of the Drassids of South
* Ail the localities recorded in the following pages are in the Cape Province
of S. Africa, save where definitely stated otherwise; e.g. S. Rhodesia, Natal,
S.W. Prot., ete.
la
252 Annals of the South African Museum.
Africa. New species and genera will undoubtedly be found from time
to time in the vast territory under consideration, but for the most
part further collecting will help more towards working out the dis-
tribution of the species now known and dealt with than in increasing
them.
Arrangement.
In his standard work, Histoire Naturelle des Araignées, tom. 1,
and Suppl., tom. 11, Simon deals with the family Drassidae, and it is
on his divisions and tables of genera that the arrangement of the
following Monograph is based. Simon divides the family into four
sub-families, all of which are represented in Africa. The various
genera of these families, however, are not all known from Africa.
Keys are given in the following pages to include all genera of Drassidae
given by Simon, together with other genera since added to the other
sub-families, in order to facilitate the subsequent placing, or identifica-
tion, of new genera which may be found in South Africa from time to
time. Sub-families, groups, and genera are dealt with in the following
pages in the sequence into which they fall in the keys based on their
natural characters. Species, however, are described or recorded in
alphabetical order, and not in the sequence into which they fall in
their keys.
As this Monograph, however, is intended to deal only with the
Drassidae of South Africa up to the latitude 15° S., only those species
actually found up till now in this particular region are described
and keyed here.
In some genera the general characters and appearance are so
uniform, and sufficient specific characters on which to work out keys
are so lacking, that keying the species of such genera has often been
a matter of difficulty. In all cases of doubt, however, a glance at the
figures of the sexual organs will settle the identity of a species almost
at once.
Every description is based on type specimens, personally examined ;
in the few cases in which this has not been possible, the author’s
description is quoted in inverted commas.
My thanks are due to Mr. 8S. Hirst of the British Museum, and
Mr. J. Hewitt of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, for facilities
given in examining the type specimens in their charge.
Key to Sub-Families.
(4). 1. Inferior spinners widely separate, indurated, longer than the superior
spinners, and usually well separated transversely from them.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 253
(3). 2. Coxae and often trochanters of 4th pair of legs longer than the rest.
Maxillae not or scarcely impressed 6 . é Hemiclocinae.
(2). 3. Coxae and almost always patellae of Ist pair of legs longer than the rest.
Maxillae distinctly impressed. ; ; : Drassodinae.
(1). 4. Inferior spinners almost contiguous, soft intenuiments shorter and nearer
to the superior spinners.
(6). 5. Maxillae lightly impressed, borders of cheliceral grooves muticous. Tarsi
of legs slender and curved : : j : Cithaeroninae.
(5). 6. Maxillae not impressed ; borders of abetieeral grooves dentate. Tarsi of
legs straight . : : ; : : a : Cybaeodinae.
FIRST SUB-FAMILY.
HEMICLOEINAE.
Key to Genera.
(2). 1. Cephalothorax fairly thick, but flattened above. Legs not lateral, an-
teriors longer than posteriors ; coxae usually subequal. T'rachycosmus.
(1). 2. Cephalothorax very flat. Legs lateral, 2nd pair longer than the rest.
Posterior coxae much longer than the remainder.
(4). 3. Sternum produced between the anterior coxae, forming a transverse,
somewhat rectangular extension . : : : Hemicloea.
(3). 4. Sternum gradually narrowed anteriorly.
(6). 5. Cephalothorax wider than long, considerably rounded on both sides.
Pyrnus.
(5). 6. Cephalothorax longer than wide, as in Hemicloea.
{10). 7. Median spinners truncated, laterally compressed, and bearing long fusules
apically.
(9). 8. Fusules on median spinners numerous and biseriate. Posterior median
eyes much larger than the laterals : j : : Rebilus.
(8). 9. Fusules on median spinners sparse and large. Posterior median eyes
slightly smaller than the laterals . . : : Corimaethes.
(7). 10. Median spinners simple and conical.
(12). 11. Inferior margin of chelicera armed with 2 well-separated teeth. Posterior
legs as in Hemicloea_ . : ; : : : Hemicloeina.
(11). 12. Inferior margin of chelicera muticous, superior margin or ridge bearing
0-5 (or more) well-separated teeth. Coxae and trochanters of posterior
legs markedly the longest. : 6 é : Platyoides.
Of the above genera, only 2 are recorded from South Africa, namely,
Hemicloea and Platyoides. As only 1 species of Hemicloea has been
recorded, it may be doubtful whether the genus really occurs in South
Africa. Platyoides, however, is widespread in South Africa.
Trachycosmus, Pyrnus, Rebilus, Corvmaethes, and Henucloeina have
not as yet been found in South Africa.
254 Annals of the South African Museum.
Gen. HEMICLOEA, Thorell.
HEMICLOEA WALTERI, Karsch.
1886. H. walteri. F. Karsch in Berliner Ent. Zeit., Bd. xxx, Hit. u,
pall:
“0. Chief Character—Middle eyes of front row nearer to one
another than side eyes ; coxae of hind pair of legs as long as coxa and
trochanter (hip joint and shank ring) of the last but one pair. Coxa
and trochanter of hind pair about equally long, and together somewhat
longer than the femur (shank) of the same leg.
“* Form.—Cephalothorax very broad, flat, and sharply margined ;
head slightly produced anteriorly. Sternum broad oval, and produced
in front beyond the coxae of the anterior pair of legs. Mandibles very
strong and powerful, strongly convex, projecting far beyond the |
maxillae; maxillae slender. Abdomen very broad and flat. Plate
of vulva broader than long, weakly scalloped in front, tripartite
bebind ; the hollow of the surface T-shaped.
** Colour.—Cephalothorax, mandibles, and maxillae dark red brown;
legs yellow ; sternum yellow with black border, and dark red brown in
front. Abdomen grey, darker above, and strongly wrinkled.
“ Clothing.—Hairs simple, mostly rubbed off.
‘© Measurements.—Body between 15 and 16 mm. Cephalothorax
6-3 mm. long, 5-2 wide. Abdomen 9-3 long, 8 broad. Ist pair of
legs 18-5, 2nd pair 20°5, 3rd pair 18, 4th pair 20-2 mm. long.
** Locality.—Botsabelo, Transvaal. (Dr. Max Bartels.)”’
Gen. PLATYOIDES, Cambr.
Key to Species.
(12). 1. Anterior laterals twice or less the diameter of an anterior median eye
from the latter.
(7). 2. Legs smooth.
(4). 3. Metatarsus I scopulate to base : ; : ; P pictus..
(3). 4. Metatarsus I sparsely scopulate anteriorly.
(6). 5. Metatarsus I spined on under surface A : : é pusillus.
(5). 6. Metatarsus I not spined on under surface . ; , laterigradus..
(2). 7. Legs clothed with bristles and long hairs.
(9). 8. Chelicera without teeth . : : ; j : . abrahami.
(8). 9. Chelicera with teeth.
11). 10. Metatarsus scopulate over distal half; chelicera with 5 teeth. costeri.
(1). 11. Metatarsus I with only a few scopular hairs anteriorly ; chelicera with
2 teeth , : ; : E ‘ : é pusilliformis.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 255
(1). 12. Anterior laterals three times, or more than twice, the diameter of a median
eye from the latter.
(14). 13. Chelicera without teeth . : ‘ : : 5 2 separata.
(13). 14. Chelicera with teeth.
(17). 15. Metatarsus with a small anterior scopula.
16. Chelicera bearing 2 teeth : : : ; 2 . bidentifer.
(15). 17. Metatarsus I scopulate nearly to base.
19). 18. Chelicera with 3 teeth . : : : 2 3 5 leppanae.
(18). 19. Chelicera with 5 teeth . F ‘ ; F . quinquedentatus.
PLATYOIDES ABRAHAMI, Cambr.
1890. P. abrahami. Cambr. in P.Z.S8., 1890, p. 625, pl. liu, fig. 4, a-g.
“ Adult female, length (not including the falces) very nearly six
lines. The colour of the cephalothorax and falces is a liver-coloured
brown, the normal grooves and indentations blackish.
“ The legs have the tarsi, metatarsi, tibiae, and genuae of a rather
olive brown, the remainder dull orange yellow.
“The palpi are olive brown, as also are the maxillae and labium,
the last being darkest.
“ The sternum is dull orange, with a narrow reddish-brown margin.
“ The abdomen is thinly clothed with short hairs, and of an almost
uniform dull black above, paler along the middle of the upper side,
and with traces of transverse pale oblique lines just above the spinners,
but no distinct pattern visible, though this may have been owing to the
rather damaged condition of the type specimen ; the under side is of
a uniform pale dull yellow brown.
“ Hab.—South Africa.”
The dentition of the cheliceral grooves is not mentioned in the
specific description, and in the generic description they are spoken of
as “‘thickly furnished with hairs on the inner sides,” teeth being
apparently absent. The generic description of the eyes applies
equally to other species as to abraham.
The vulva is figured in pl. lin, loc. cit.
PLATYOIDES BIDENTIFER, Pure.
Ole wie mOvdentalusaim kurce tia) PAM NGres Sel iiian viOlayxcxeun on Ore
pl. xii, figs. 1-2.
Specimens.—3 and @ (13,710 types), Kentani (Miss Pegler,
May 1903); also 92 from East London and Port St. John’s,
Pondoland.
256 Annals of the South African Museum.
2 Colour.—Carapace dark reddish brown with slight lateral and
radial infuscation; chelicera reddish brown; legs yellowish brown,
darker distally. Sternum yellowish brown, dark-edged. Abdomen
testaceous, with fairly uniform infuscation dorsally and laterally.
Eyes.—Anterior laterals quite 3 times a median’s diameter from
latter. Posterior laterals about 3 times their diameter from the
anterior laterals. bo
Chelicera.—Superior border with 2 teeth.
Legs.—Not hairy, but with scattered long bristles; metatarsus
with very small anterior scopula and not spined on under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 1, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4-2 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.
Total length, 8°6 mm.
$ Colour.—Carapace and legs yellowish brown; legs slightly
darker distally. Sternum dark-edged; abdomen testaceous, very
slightly infuscated dorsally.
Eyes.—Anterior laterals barely a median’s diameter from the
latter. Posterior laterals more than a diameter from the anterior
laterals.
Chelicera and Legs.—As in g.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 2, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length and breadth of carapace, 1:9 mm. Total
length, 4-8 mm.
Record of New Locality.—1 9 (B 4155). Mfongosi, Zululand. (W. EH.
Jones, February 1918.)
PLATYOIDES COSTERI, n. sp. (Fig. 1.)
Specomen.—1 2 (B 4597 type). Mossel Bay. (J. H. Power,
February 1919.)
Colour.—Carapace and chelicera red brown, carapace slightly
yellower posteriorly ; Ist pair of legs mahogany brown, other legs
yellowish brown, becoming darker distally, except for the tarsi, which
are all pale in colour; all legs considerably infuscated, especially the
under surfaces of the femora. Abdomen testaceous, with a median
dark testaceous band merging posteriorly with 2 lateral bands.
Sternum orange brown, darker anteriorly, and dark-rimmed.
Carapace.—Length equal to patella and } tibia 1; width equal to
the distance from the posterior border to the posterior median eyes.
Hyes.—Median eyes more than a diameter apart, smaller than the
laterals, which are about twice their own diameter distant. Posterior
The Drassidae of South Africa. 257
row strongly recurved, medians small, nearly 4 times their own
diameter apart,and slightly more from the laterals, which are subequal
to the anterior laterals.
Chelicera.—Bearing 5 teeth.
Legs.—Tarsus and metararsus I scopulated, the latter mainly on
the distal half ; metatarsus bearing several spiniform hairs, especially
on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar, tarsus also with a few stout
bristles, and metatarsus with more numerous spiniform hairs on the
under surface. Tarsus III clothed with bristles and fine spines on
the under surface, and metatarsus bearing numerous fine spines ;
4th leg similar.
Vulva.—As in fig. 1. (The figure should be narrower and broader,
and the dark portions more inclined outwards.)
Measurements.—Carapace, 5'5mm. Total length, 14 mm. (exclusive
of chelicera).
This specimen has been named after Miss Alice Coster, of Bloem-
fontein, at the request of Mr. J. H. Power of Kimberley, in recognition
of the help she gave him on many zoological excursions.
PLATYOIDES LATERIGRADUS, Poc.
1898. P. laterigradus. Pocock in A.M.N.H., vol. ii, ser. 7, p. 219,
pl. viu, fig. 2.
‘* Colour.—Carapace and mandibles mahogany brown; sternum
and basal three segments of legs ochre yellow; legs from patellae to
tarsi lightly infuscate, though paler below ; abdomen ashy grey, paler
beneath.
“ Carapace.—A little longer than broad, about as long as the tibia
and half the protarsus of the first and as the femur of the fourth
leg; anterior median eyes separated by a space slightly exceeding
their diameter, but separated from the anterior laterals by a space
which equals almost two diameters.
* Mandibles.—With one largish tooth near the base of the inferior
border; hairy below, the hairs arising from the summits of little
papillae ; front of mandibles sparsely setose.
“* Legs.—Also sparsely setose, not spined; protarsi and tarsi of
first and second lightly scopulate below; the scopulae of the second
thinner than of the first; patella and tibia of first and fourth about
equal, and less than patella of second; fourth leg exceeding second
leg by the length of its tarsus.
“ Abdomen oval, nearly twice as long as wide.
258 Annals of the South African Museum.
“ Vulva as in pl. vil, fig. 12; inferior spinners short and conical,
scarcely longer than broad. “
“ Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length, 13; length of cara-
pace 4, width 3-3; length of first leg 11, of second 13, of third 10,
of fourth 12 (measured from base of femur).
** Toc.—Estcourt, Natal, 4000 ft.”
To this description Pocock adds: “In size and colouring this
species certainly resembles P. abrahami (O. P. Cambr.)”’ ; also, “‘ Since
neither Mr. Cambridge nor Mons. Simon detected in P. abrahami the
tooth that I have described in laterigradus, one is compelled to assume
that it is absent in the former species.”
PLATYOIDES LEPPANAE, Poc.
1902. P. leppanae. Pocock in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. x, p: 19}
pl. i, fig. 8.
Specimens.—3 and 9 types, Br. Museum. Teafountain, Grahams-
town. (Mss Leppan, 1900.)
2 Colour.—Carapace mahogany brown, darker anteriorly ; cheli-
cera darker and redder; legs yellowish brown, slightly infuscate on
under surface, redder distally. Abdomen testaceous, with median
and lateral dark bands, the former narrowing posteriorly. Sternum
reddish brown, dark-edged.
Eyes.—-Anterior laterals at least 3 times a median’s diameter
from the latter. Posterior laterals smaller than the anterior laterals
and quite twice the latter’s diameter from them.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 3 teeth.
Legs.—Well clothed with hair and bristles. Metatarsus I densely
scopulate over anterior $; no spines on under surface.
Vulva.—aAs in fig. 8, loc. cit., save that the median T-shaped
portion is narrower and finely pointed posteriorly.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4:3 mm.; width, 4 mm.
Total length, 11 mm.
3 Colour.—As in 9, but a little darker.
Eyes and Chelicera.— As in 9.
Legs.—Longer than in 9, and hairy. Metatarsus I scopulate over
anterior 4, and bearing no spines on under surface.
Pedipalps.—Tibia bearing an anterior dorsal projection, broad
basally, and tapering fairly rapidly anteriorly over dorsal surface of
tarsus. Tarsal organ furnished with a long flagellum arising from the
inner apical portion, curving across anteriorly, slightly bifid at outer
The Drassidae of South Africa. 259
curve, and continuing down the outer side of the tarsus, and reaching
in a filiform condition to the apex of the tarsus again. On outer side
of tarsal organ is a stouter styliform process, tapering and curved
apically.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3-6 mm.; breadth, 3°2 mm.
Total length, 8 mm.
Record of New Localities.—2 92 (No. 5130). Pocaltsdorp, George
Div. (Miss L. Leipoldt, 1899.)
These specimens agree in size, colour, markings, and vulva with
Pocock’s types. The chelicera, however, have 3 very distinct teeth, not
2 only, as stated in description, loc. cit. Further, there appears to be
a slight discrepancy in the description of the legs. Of the statements
“tarsi and protarsi of the anterior pairs lightly scopulate beneath,”
as given in the description, and “tibia and protarsus of first and
second leg without scopula,” as given in the key to the species, the
former is more correct according to the type specimens. The tibiae
are not scopulate, and the metatarsi bear a fairly dense clothing of
hair on the under surface which, though long, is scopulate in appear-
ance; the tarsi are slightly more densely clothed: the tarsal claws
bear 2 small basal teeth in addition to the 2 median larger ones. Also
the median, dark, raised portion of the vulva is pointed posteriorly,
as mentioned in the description; from the figure given, it would
appear that the reverse was the case.
PLATYOIDES PICTUS, Poc. (Fig. 2.)
1902. P. pictus. Pocock in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. x, p. 19, pl. in,
fig. 8.
Specimens.—2 292 types, Br. Museum. Teafountain, Grahams-
town. (Miss Leppan, 1900.)
Colour.—Carapace, chelicera, and legs dark orange brown ; sternum
and coxae slightly lighter, sternum dark-edged. Abdomen dull
testaceous, with dark lateral bands, and a dorsal median dark band
bifurcating over anterior 2.
Eyes.—Anterior laterals 14 to less than twice a median’s diameter
from the latter. Posterior laterals 14-2 diameters from the anterior
laterals.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 2 teeth.
Legs.—Smooth; metatarsus I scopulate densely to base, and
spineless on under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 8, loc. cit; also fig. 2.
260 Annals of the South African Museum.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3-4 mm.; breadth, 3 mm.
Total length, 8 mm.
Record of New Localities :-—
Caledon, 1 2 (150,066). Dr. W. F. Purcell, July 1910.
Addo Bush, Port Elizabeth, 1 9 (B 4656). J. Drury, July 1919.
River Zonde Ende (Caledon), 1 9 (B 5571). R. Tucker, Decem-
ber 1920.
PLATYOIDES PUSILLUS, Poc.
1898. P. pusilus. Poc. in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. ii, p. 220, pl. vin,
fig. 13.
‘* Colour.—Carapace yellowish ochre brown, with narrow blackish
tim ; legs practically a uniform ochre yellow, the femora not noticeably
paler than the remaining segments; abdomen testaceous above,
clouded with fuscous at the sides.
“ Carapace.—About as wide as long, a little shorter than patella
and tibia of first leg; eyes of anterior line subequally spaced, the
medians about their own diameter from the laterals.
“ Legs as in laterigradus, but with the setae more rigid, those on the
lower side of the tibiae and protarsi of the first converted into spines
protarsi and tarsi of the first and second without scopulate hairs.
“ Vulva as in pl. vii, fig. 13.
“ Measurements in Millimetres.—Total length, 7; length and width
of carapace, 2-3 mm.
** Locality.—Estcourt, Natal, 4000 ft. (G. A. K. Marshall.)”
PLATYOIDES PUSILLIFORMIS, n. sp. (Fig. 3.)
Specumens.—1 2 and jv. (No. 14,695 type). Kentani. (H. P..
Abernethy, 1909.)
This specimen is allied to P. pusillus, Poc., in size, proportions, and
type of vulva. It is separated, however, on account of difference
from the vulva of pusillus as depicted in fig. 13, pl. vii, A.M.N.H.,
vol. 11, 1898; also on the scopulation of the anterior legs and den-
tition of the chelicera.
Colour.—Carapace and chelicera dark golden brown; the former
dark-edged, and with an infuscated band running from the side of the
ocular area to the fovea; the Ist pair of legs the same colour as the
carapace, the posterior legs lighter. Abdomen testaceous, with
lateral infuscated bands projecting inwards anteriorly and medially ;
the anterior projections fusing.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 261
Carapace.—Breadth equal to the length; subequal to patella and
tibia I.
Eyes.—Anterior medians about a diameter apart, and very slightly
nearer to each other than to the laterals. Posterior medians about
1} diameters apart, and about 24 diameters from the laterals.
Chelicera.— Bearing 2 stout teeth as in bidentifer, Purc. ; these teeth
are obvious even in the very juvenile specimen.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate below ; metatarsus with a few scopular
hairs anteriorly, and spiniform hairs over the entire surface, those
basally on the under surface appearing as slender spines; the re-
mainder of the leg with similar hairs or weak spines. Tarsus I]
bearing a few scopular hairs; metatarsus II without. All legs
bearing weak spines, especially on the femora.
Vulva.—As in fig. 3.
Measurements.—Carapace, length and breadth, 2-25 mm. Total
length, 6 mm.
PLATYOIDES QUINQUEDENTATUS, Pure.
1907. P. quinquedentatus. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx,
pl. xin, fig. 3.
Specimens.—2 9Q and jv. (7889 types). Swellendam. (H. A.
Fry, 1900.)
Colour.—Carapace and chelicera very dark, almost black, reddish
brown ; legs somewhat lighter and partially infuscated. Abdomen
black dorsally and laterally, dull testaceous on under surface, and with
2 indistinct dorsal longitudinal testaceous stripes.
Eyes.—Anterior laterals just over twice a median’s diameter from
the latter. Posterior laterals about 14 diameters apart.
Legs.—Moderately hairy ; metatarsus I scopulate almost to base,
and bearing no spines on under surface.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 5 teeth.
Vulva.—As in fig. 3, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 5 mm.; breadth, 4-3 mm.
Total length, 12-5 mm.
Record of New Locality.—1 2 (B 4612). Zonder End Mts. (K. H.
Barnard, January 1919.)
PLATYOIDES SEPARATA, Cambr.
1907. P. separata. Cambridge in P.Z.S8., 1907, p. 819, pl. 1, figs.
7-12.
“ Adult female, length 44 lines.
262 Annals of the South African Museum.
“ Cephalothorax and abdomen uniformly flattened; the former is
of a dark, rather bright, yellow-brown colour ; the latter, on the upper
side, is of a mouse-coloured black above and on the sides, the under side
being of a dull greyish white. The clypeus is almost obsolete. The
legs 4, 2, 1, 3 are not very strong, the three basal joints pale yellow,
the rest more or less suffused with yellowish brown; and there is a
thin scopula of racquet-shaped hairs on the tarsi and part of the
metatarsi of the first pair. The coxae and genual joints of the first
pair are of moderate length, nearly equal together to that of the
femoral joint. The cephalothorax is a little broader than long, and
broadest behind, truncated before and somewhat truncate behind.
“ Eyes small, not greatly unequal ; the hind central pair smallest ;
placed in two transverse rows occupying the greater part of the width
of the caput; the anterior row is straight, the posterior longest, and _
has the convexity of its very slight curve directed backwards. The
interval between the two central eyes of each row is less than that
which separates them from the laterals.
“ Falces strong, tumid in form, divergent and porrected. Fang
long, not very strong, regularly curved and tapering. Colour similar
to that of the cephalothorax.
“ Mazillae long, enlarged at their base, strongly constricted at the
middle, enlarged again at their extremity, where they are obliquely
truncated on the inner side ; colour yellow brown.
“ Labium nearly as broad as high, with a transverse suture below
the middle, the apex rounded; colour of a darker hue than the
maxillae.
“* Sternum of a nearly regular roundish oval; colour yellow, tinged
with orange.
“ Spinners small, short and compact. Genital aperture of very
distinct and characteristic form.
“A single adult 2 from East London. (Mr. R. Hancock.)”’
PLATYOIDES SIMONI, Cambr.
1907. P. simon. Cambr. in P.Z.8., 1907, p. 820, pl. 1, figs. 13-17.
“ Adult male, length 2 lines.
“Though resembling it in general form and other essential char-
acters, the small comparative size of this spider will distinguish it at
once from P. separata. The eyes also are more closely grouped
together and rather larger.
“ The cephalothorax is pale dull yellow brown, the normal grooves
The Drassidae of South Africa. 263
and indentations indicated by darker lines. The legs are pale dull
yellowish ; the femora, tibiae, and metatarsi suffused with brownish.
“The abdomen, of a short oval form and dark, yellowish-brown
hue, has a broad central longitudinal band or area of a pale colour,
bearing a longitudinal dark central tapering stripe, with some in-
distinct lateral sloping or oblique dark lines on each side of its hinder
extremity, and representing the normal angular bars or chevrons.
“The palpi are short; the radial shorter than the cubital joint,
with a short, obliquely truncated apophysis at its extremity on the
inner side. The digital joint is of moderate size and short oval form ;
the palpal organs well developed and complex, with spiny processes.
‘ Hab.—Cape Colony, South Africa. (Mr. R. Hancock.)”
SECOND SUB-FAMILY.
DRASSODINAH.
Key to Groups.
(2). 1. Six eyes, subcontiguous and resembling Dysderidae . Lygrommateae.
(1). 2. Eight eyes arranged in two series.
(12). 3. Labium longer than wide and considerably surpassing half the length of
the maxillae.
(7). 4. Inferior margin of chelicera carinate or lobate.
(6). 5. Inferior margin of chelicera with sharp, weakly dentate keel, median
stria more or less long . : : Gnaphoseae.
(5). 6. Inferior margin of chelicera armed sith 3 conte broad and obtuse
teeth or lobes, thoracic stria minute and punctiform —. Laroneae.
(4). 7. Inferior margin of chelicera muticous or bidentate.
(9). 8. Maxillae long and strongly impressed; inner and often outer margins
carinate. Labium very long, often reaching inner apices of maxillae.
Sternum strongly narrowed anteriorly and extending beyond the
anterior coxae. é , ; Lamponeae.
(8). 9. Maxillae transversely irvpresced) inner margin not or scarcely keeled,
labium not or scarcely extending beyond upper third of maxillae.
(11). 10. Maxillae nearly erect, emarginate on exterior behind the sub-basal in-
sertion of trochanters. Cheliceral margins long and oblique, superior
armed with 3 unequal teeth of which the central is the largest, and
the inferior with 2 teeth : j : Drassodeae.
(10). 11. Maxillae strongly curved, insertion of trochanter submedian. Superior
margin of chelicera often muticous, keeled, short and subtransverse ;
inferior margin indistinct muticous or with 1 minute tooth.
Echemeae.
(3). 12. Labium not much longer than wide and only slightly surpassing half the
length of the maxillae.
16). 13. Inferior spinners longest; lateral, remote, and bearing long fusules
apically, and dentiform fusules on inner apex.
264
(15). 14.
(14). 15.
(13). 16.
(19). 17.
18.
(17). 19.
20.
Annals of the South African Museum.
Tarsal claws muticous and densely fasciculate . ; . Theumeae.
Tarsal claws not fasciculate but pectinate . : : Anagraphidae.
Spinners normal, inferiors not much larger than superiors.
Tarsi not fasciculate, claws dentate.
Both rows of eyes recurved, inferior margin of chelicera furnished with
more than 2 teeth : . : s \ : . Anagrina.
Tarsi fasciculate, claws muticous.
Both rows of eyes practically straight. Inferior margin of chelicera with
2 granuliform teeth . . : : : : . Tricongeae.
Of these groups, 5 are known in South Africa, namely, Thewmeae,
Anagraphidae, Drassodeae, Hchemeae, and Gnaphoseae. Laroneae
occurs in South Africa, but not in the region under consideration.
The remaining groups, Lygrommateae, Lamponeae, Anagrina, and
Tricongeae, are not known to occur in Africa at all.
(3)
2
fly 2
(7). 4
(6). 5
(5). 6
(Aya
(U7) n8
(n)0
10
(9). 11
(14). 12
13
(12). 14
16). 15
(15). 16.
(Saal
18.
. Lateral eyes only slightly larger than the medians.
. Posterior row of eyes almost straight.
. Front metatarsi considerably shorter than the tarsi; spinners with
GNAPHOSEAE.
Key to Genera.
. Base of median spinners tuberculate.
. Eyes subequal, posterior row not narrower than anterior row; inferior
spinners with 5-7 tubules. . 5 3 4 . Callilepis.
. Base of median spinners not tuberculate.
. Clypeus less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
. Lateral eyes much larger than the medians. Posterior row wider than
the anterior row and straight to slightly procurved. Spinners with
4 apical tubules Trephopoda.
. Lateral eyes not much larger than the medians. Posterior row wider
than the anterior, and moderately recurved. Mouth-parts very large
and broad. Spinners with 2-3 tubules . : Upognampa.
. Clypeus exceeding the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
. Posterior row of eyes wider than anterior row.
. Lateral eyes much larger than the medians.
. Ocular area wider than long; posterior medians small (but not almost
obsolete) Gnaphosoides.
2fusules . : : ‘ ‘ : 3 5 Amusia.
4. Posterior row of eyes recurved.
. Posterior row moderately recurved, spinners with 4-5 tubules.
Aneplasa.
Posterior row strongly recurved ; spinners with 10-11 tubules.
Gnaphosa.
Posterior row of eyes narrower than the anterior row.
Lateral eyes very much larger than the medians ; posterior row strongly
recurved. Spinners with 2-3 tubules . ; : Asemesthes.
Of these genera, Gnaphosoides alone is not found in South Africa.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 265
Gen. CALLILEPIS, Westr.
Key to Species.
(10). 1. Posterior median eyes smaller than the laterals.
(8). 2. Posterior row of eyes straight to faintly recurved.
(6). 3. Carapace equal in length to tarsus and metatarsus LV.
(5). 4. Carapace equal in length to metatarsus and 4 tarsus I; inferior spinners
bearing 4 apical tubules : : é tubalus.
(4). 5. Carapace subequal in length to Procacarana anal Cares I; spinners with
5 apical tubules . ; : c varius.
(3). 6. Carapace equal in length to tarsus and 4 mmetatareds IV.
7. Length of carapace slightly less than tibia and metatarsus II: spinners
with 4 apical tubules. ; ; 6 3 6 0 frenata.
(2). 8. Posterior row of eyes well recurved.
9. Carapace slightly less in length than metatarsus and tarsus I and equal
to metatarsus IV. Spinners with 2-3 tubules ‘ marginalis.
(1). 10. Posterior median eyes larger than the laterals.
11. Carapace slightly greater in length than metatarsus and tarsus I and
equal to metatarsus and 3-3 tarsus IV. Spinners with 5-6 tubules.
auris.
CALLILEPIS AURIS, n. sp. (Fig. 4, a and B.)
Specimens :—
1 g and 3 @ (12,660 types). Montagu Baths. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, November 1902.)
1 2 (11,917). Palmietfontein, near Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner,
December 1901 to February 1902.)
1 3 (3946). Beaufort West. (F. Purcell, September 1896).
© Colour.—Carapace medium brown, dark-edged, and with slight
radiate infuscations from the fovea ; median portion between eyes and
fovea clear. Legs similar in colour to the carapace, darker distally.
Abdomen dull cinereous in colour dorsally, with numerous indistinct
testaceous spots posteriorly ; also with a lighter patch and 2 dark
spots above the spinners; under surface slightly paler down the
centre. Sternum medium brown, dark-edged.
Carapace.—Length slightly exceeds metatarsus and tarsus I; equal
to tibia, metatarsus, and about 4 tarsus II, and to raebatataus and
4-2 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from in front procurved ; eyes approxi-
mately equal in size, medians less than a diameter apart, and close to
the laterals. Posterior row scarcely at all wider than the anterior
row and straight to slightly recurved; medians subangular, oblique,
and close together; slightly farther from the laterals which are
subequal to them, and also subequal to the anterior laterals, from
266 Annals of the South African Museum.
which they are about 13 diameters distant. Clypeus exceeding the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—All the tarsi scopulated and bearing down the centre a line
of bristly hairs; the scopulation decreases and the band of hairs
broadens successively in the posterior legs; metatarsus I scopulate
anteriorly and bearing 2 submedian spines, and sometimes 1-2
anterior median spines on the under surface. Metatarsus II also
scopulated anteriorly and bearing 1-2 apical, 2 anterior median, and
2 submedian spines on the under surface (on one side the 2nd meta-
tarsus is abnormal, being densely clothed with spines which are
ageregated mainly upon the inner surface and basal under surface).
Tibiae [and I. asin C. varius. Metatarsi III and IV without scopulae;
posterior legs well spined.
Sternum.—As in C. varius.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5-6 apical fusules; median
spinners with the tuberculate base characteristic of Callilepis.
Vulva.—As in fig. 44.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4:4 mm.; breadth, 3-2 mm.
Total length, 10 mm.
3 Colour.—As in 2; markings on abdomen slightly more distinct.
Carapace.—Equal in length to metatarsus and less than 4 the
tarsus of Ist leg, and to tibia and # metatarsus of 2nd leg; also equal
to metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Resembling those of the 9; anterior medians subequal to
the laterals. Posterior row nearly straight; posterior laterals less
than 14 diameters from the anterior laterals. Clypeus 14 times the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Longer than in the 2. Tarsus I scopulate; metatarsus
with 1 or 2 scopular hairs anteriorly and 1 apical, 1 anterior median,
and 2 sub-basal spines on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar. Tarsus
III bearing scopular hairs and bristles on the under surface. Tarsus IV
with very few scopular hairs and numerous bristles; posterior legs
heavily spined.
Sternum.—Slightly more circular than the 9; width equal to the
length.
Spinners.—As in Q.
Pedipalps.—Tarsus long and tapering; tarsal organ as in fig. 4B ;
tibia short, bearing 2 blunt soft anterior projections and a broad
curved tapering spur apically on the dorsal surface.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4:6 mm.; breadth, 3 mm.
Total length, 10 mm.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 267
1 3, B 5002, from Otjituo, Northern 8.W. African Prot. (R. Tucker,
January 1920), agrees in palpal organ and measurements with the g
of this species; it varies, however, in that the anterior medians are
slightly larger than the laterals, whilst the posterior row is faintly
recurved and the laterals at least 14 diameters from anterior laterals ;
the clypeus is over 1} times, but under twice, the diameter of a lateral
eye. The legs are relatively shorter, since the carapace measurement
equals the metatarsus and 3} tarsus of Ist leg and is subequal to
tibia and meta. II and equal to metatarsus and 4 tarsus 1V. Unless
the 2 should prove the contrary, the specimen is classed as C. awrvs.
1 9, B 4785. Ashton. (R. Tucker, November 1919.) In this
specimen the vulva has a very dark, raised, and conspicuous border,
whilst the pattern of the enclosed depression is almost obliterated ;
otherwise as in type.
CALLILEPIS FRENATA, Pure.
C. frenata. Purcell in Schultze, Forschungsreise in 8. Afrika, vol. i,
p. 241, pl. xi, fig. 28.
Specimens.—1 Q (150,606 ex typis). Kamaggas, Little Namaqua-
land. (L. Schultze, July-August 1904.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, lighter from ocular area to
median stria; dark-edged, and with slight radial infuscation from
stria, especially to base of ocular area. Abdomen brownish black ;
legs yellowish brown, distal segments reddish.
Carapace.—Length slightly less than tibia and metatarsus II, and
equal to metatarsus and just over tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Front row procurved, medians subequal to the laterals.
Posterior row straight, laterals equal to the anterior laterals, and
medians slightly smaller than the laterals.
Legs.—Anterior tarsi well scopulate ; metatarsus I with 1 inner and
2 outer spines on the under surface; anterior metatarsi scopulate,
but not to base. Tarsi strongly fasciculate.
Vulva.—PI. xi, fig. 28, loc. cit.
Measurements—Length of carapace, 2°83 mm. Total length,
6-8 mm.
CALLILEPIS MARGINALIS, n. sp. (Fig. 5.)
Specimens.—4 29 (B 4675). Pemba, N. Rhodesia. (Fr. Cassett,
August 1919.)
Colour.—-Carapace yellowish brown, slightly dark-rimmed laterally,
with a broad wavy dark line down the centre of each side area.
18
268 Annals of the South African Museum.
Abdomen dull testaceous dorsally, with a faint dark irregular median
band, a broken lateral band down each side, and numerous dark
flecks on the rest of the surface ; under surface pale testaceous: legs
the same colour as the carapace.
Carapace.—Broad oval posteriorly, sharply produced anteriorly to
rectangle, in which hes the ocular area. A little shorter than meta-
tarsus and tarsus I, slightly shorter than tibia and metatarsus II, and
equal to metatarsus IV ; width equal to metatarsus and a little over
4 tarsus Ist leg.
Eyes.—From above, anterior row moderately procurved ; medians
round, subequal to laterals, slightly closer to them than to each other.
Posterior row no wider than anterior row and equally procurved ;
medians white, subangular, inclined outwards, less than a diameter
apart, and about the same distance from the laterals, which are
a little larger and subequal to the anterior laterals, from which they
are slightly less than a diameter distant.
Chelicera.—Superior border with large apical tooth flanked on outer
side by a smaller contiguous tooth.
Legs.—Tarsus I faintly scopulate and with scattered bristle-like hairs
distally on the under surface; metatarsus with a very few scopular
hairs distally and bearing 2 apical and 2 submedian spines on the
under surface ; 2nd leg similar, but with an additional spine between
the 2 pairs and a median spine on the inner surface. Tarsus III
scopulate, but with very numerous bristles on the under surface.
Tarsus IV less scopulate ; metatarsi II] and IV heavily spined. All
tibiae well spined, posterior ones more strongly ; tarsi with slight
fascicles ; tarsal claws strongly dentate.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 2-3 tubules ; median spinners set
on tuberculate bases.
Vulva.—As in fig. 5; prominently bordered; in some specimens
the anterior dark tongue is not nearly so conspicuous, and the
posterior dark portions are faint.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-5 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.
Total length, 7-5 mm.
CALLILEPIS TUBALUS, n. sp. (Fig. 6.)
Specomen.—1 $ (B 5507 type). Windhuk, S.W. Afr. Prot.
(R. W. Tucker, January 1920.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown, dark-edged, with infuscations
radiating from fovea, the one to the posterior lateral eyes being
The Drassidae of South Africa. 269
almost band-like. Legs pale brown, darker distally. Abdomen dull
testaceous, faintly grained with black, and with a double line of
distinct black spots down the centre of the dorsal surface ; small dark
spot laterally above the spinners. Sternum light brown, dark-edged.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and 4 tarsus I, to tibia
and 4 metatarsus II, and subequal to tarsus and metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row from in front faintly procurved, laterals very
close to medians and subequal to them. Clypeus equal to diameter
of anterior lateral eye. Posterior row straight, scarcely wider than
anterior row; medians angular, white, and close together, nearly
touching laterals, which are larger, subequal to anterior laterals, and
nearly their own diameter from them.
Legs.—Anterior tarsi long and moderately scopulate; posterior
tarsi short and sparsely scopulate ; posterior metatarsi more heavily
spined than anterior.
Spinners.—Superior spinners with 4 apical tubules.
Pedipalps.—Tarsal organ as in fig. 6; tarsus bearing a spine-like
projection dorsobasally which curves upwards and over towards
distal surface of tarsus, broad basally, and tapering and curved distally.
Tibia bearing a broad projection medially, and covering the base of
the tarsal projection ; also a small finger-like projection laterally.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, nearly 3 mm.;_ breadth,
22mm. Total length, 6 mm.
This specimen may prove to be the ¢ of C. varius, n. sp., of which
2 29 have been taken at the same period at Windhuk; until ¢ and 9
have been taken together, or it has been established that there is only
the one species of Callilepis at Windhuk, I have described the 3 under
a new name which can be merged with varius if found necessary.
CALLILEPIS VARIUS, n. sp. (Fig. 7.)
Specimens :—
1 2 (B 3726 type). Junction Marico and Crocodile Rivers,
N.W. Transvaal. (R. W. Tucker, January-February 1918.)
1 2 (12,510). Umtali commonage, 8. Rhodesia. (D. L.
Patrick, November 1901.)
1 9 (B 5504). Windhuk, 8.W. Africa. (R. Tucker, January
1920.)
1 2 (B 5680). Windhuk, 8.W. Africa. (R. Tucker, February
1920.)
Colour._-Carapace medium brown with a dark line, irregular, and
270 Annals of the South African Museum.
broadening posteriorly, reaching from each posterior lateral eye to the
level of the stria; sides and posterior portion of the carapace in-
fuscated; border dark. Abdomen dark and olivaceous in colour
and flecked with testaceous spots which become very numerous
posteriorly ; area above spinners clear testaceous and bearing 2 con-
spicuous black spots; under surface testaceous. Sternum pale
brown and dark-rimmed; legs medium brown, becoming redder
distally ; patellae ight.
Carapace.—Subequal in length to tarsus and metatarsus I, equal to
tibia and metatarsus II, and equal to tarsus and metatarsus IV ;
width equal to the metatarsus and # tarsus of the 2nd leg.
Eyes.—Seen from above, both rows appear straight to slightly
recurved ; posterior row slightly wider. Seen from in front, anterior
row procurved; medians subequal to the laterals, which are distant
their own diameter from the margin of the carapace. Posterior
laterals subequal to the anterior laterals; posterior medians sub-
angular and a little smaller than the laterals. Median ocular area
rectangular and longer than wide.
Chelicera.—Keel on the inner margin strong, and deeply curved in
the centre. Superior margin with a strong apical tooth.
Sternum.—Greatest width subequal to the length.
Legs.—Tarsus I spineless, and bearing club-shaped scopular hairs
which are sparse down the centre and at the base; also with a few
bristles and fascicular hairs distally; metatarsus with no scopular
hairs, but with spiniform hairs apically, and 2 spines basally on the —
under surface; tibia spineless. Tarsus II similar to I, fascicular
hairs denser ; metatarsus with 1 apical, 1 median, and 2 basal spines
on the under surface; tibia with 1 apical, 2 median, and 1 basal
spines on the under surface. Tarsus III bearing bristles in addition
to scopular hairs; metatarsus strongly spined; tibia with 2 apical,
2 median, and 2 basal spines on the under surface. Tarsus IV
bristles short, and scopular hairs sparse; metatarsus with 5-6 spines
on the distal portion of the under surface ; tibia as in 3rd leg.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5 fusules; median spinners
raised on a tuberculate base.
Vulva.—As in fig. 7; more clearly seen in specimen 12,510.
Measurements.—Carapace: length, 3-5 mm.; breadth, 2-8 mm.
Total length, 8-8 mm.
Specimen from Umtali differs slightly in being lighter in colour, and
in bearing scopular hairs anteriorly, and 2 apical, 2 ant. median, and
2 submedian spines on under surface, and 1 median spine on inner
The Drassidae of South Africa. 271
surface of metatarsus. Tuberculate base of spinners is hidden in this
specimen.
TREPHOPODA, n. gen.
Cephalothorax short, oval, and produced anteriorly; slightly
flattened ; thoracic stria short and inconspicuous. Anterior row of
eyes seen from in front strongly procurved, eyes close together, and
the laterals much larger than the medians, which are very small and
placed with their centres approximately on a line tangential to the
upper borders of the laterals. Clypeus very narrow, anterior
laterals almost touching the border of the carapace. Posterior row
of eyes wider than the anterior row and straight to shghtly procurved ;
laterals as large as the anterior laterals, and much larger than the
posterior medians, which are subangular and very slightly nearer
to each other than to the laterals.
Chelicera keeled on the inferior margin, and bearing an inner
apical tooth on the superior margin.
Labium parallel-sided basally, tapering slightly anteriorly, and
reaching nearly to the white tips of the maxillae, which are inclined
inwards and furnished with elongated, slightly swollen bases.
Legs short and stout, especially the tarsal and metatarsal joints ;
anterior tarsi slightly swollen centrally; anterior metatarsi sub-
equal to tarsi; well spined. Anterior tarsi scopulate, and tarsal
claws strongly dentate; posterior tarsi not scopulate, and tarsal
claws long and muticous. All tarsi bearing slight fascicules. Inferior
spinners bearing at least 4 tubules; base of median spinners not
tuberculate.
TREPHOPODA HANOVERIA, n. sp. (Fig. 8.)
Specumens.—2 99 (11,974 types). Hierfontein, near Hanover.
(S. C. Schreiner, 1902.)
Colour.—Cephalothorax light brown, ocular portion darker, lateral
margins infuscated ; surface when dry covered with pale appressed
pubescence. Legs similar in colour to the carapace. Abdomen
testaceous dorsally and bearing no pattern. Sternum slightly
dark-edged.
Carapace.—Length equal to that of patella, tibia, and metatarsus I,
and slightly greater than tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus |; also slightly
exceeding tibia and metatarsus of 4th leg.
Eyes and clypeus as in generic description; median ocular area
Jonger than broad and slightly wider posteriorly.
272 Annals of the South African Museum.
Legs.—In order 4, 1, 2, 3. Tarsus I well scopulated ; metatarsus:
scopulated anteriorly and bearing 2 anterior and 2 sub-basal spines
on the under surface ; metatarsus subequal to the tarsus. Tibia with
2 apical spines on the under surface; 2nd leg similar; metatarsus
with fewer scopular hairs, and tibia with an additional anterior spine
on the inner side of the under surface. Tarsus III with bristles and a
few scopular hairs on the under surface; metatarsus and tibia
strongly spined; 4th leg similar, but with bristles only on the under
surface ; metatarsus also longer than the tarsus. Anterior claw with
a single row of 6 stout teeth ; posterior claws long and muticous.
Abdomen.—Posterior dorsal portion is slightly produced into a blunt
projection, defined by constrictions at the base, and bearing the anal
tubercle apically.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners stout and cylindrical; apical tubules
retracted, but 4 apparently present; median spinners small and
slender, bases not tuberculate. Superior spinners slightly stouter,.
but smaller than the inferior spinners.
Vulva.—s in fig. 8.
Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 2-6 mm. Total length, 6 mm.
UPOGNAMPA, n. gen.
Cephalothorax of 2 long, oval, slightly narrower anteriorly ; surface
uniformly convex, stria short and posterior in position. Anterior
row of eyes seen from in front procurved ; medians smaller than the
laterals and closer to them than to each other. Clypeus less in depth
than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye. Posterior row of eyes
wider than the anterior row, and moderately recurved; medians
smaller than the laterals ; laterals subequal to the anterior laterals.
Inferior border of chelicera keeled; superior border bearing a
stout tooth.
Mouth-parts very large, total width greater than the width of the
sternum. Labium narrowing anteriorly and reaching almost to the
inner apices of the maxillae; the latter are inclined inwards almost
to the point of touching, and are narrow posteriorly and anteriorly,
but swell into a prominent and regular curve on the outer border ;
this, with the broad transverse depression, gives the maxillee a
characteristic appearance, despite a similarity to those of Callilepis.
The sternum is broad anteriorly, but not produced. The legs are
short and stout, but less so than in Trephopoda; anterior metatarsi
shorter than the tarsi; the tibiae are longer and stouter. All the
The Drassidae of South Africa. 273
tarsi are scopulate, and bear a slight fascicle; the tarsal claws are
dentate.
The inferior spinners bear 2-5 apical fusules, and the median
spinners have non-tuberculate bases.
The legs of the g are slightly longer and more slender. Patella and
tibia of pedipalp are very short; the tibia bears a short but curved
and sometimes stout projection on the outer side; the tarsus is oval
and tapering. The eyes are respectively more strongly pro- and re-
curved than in the @, and the lateral eyes are larger ; also the posterior
row is considerably wider relatively to the anterior row than in the 9.
Key to Species.
(4). 1. Length of carapace less than length of tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus of
Ist leg.
2. Metatarsus I with | anterior and 1 median spine on under surface.
lineatipes.
(2). 3. Metatarsus I with 2 anterior and 2 submedian spines on under surface.
aplanita.
. Length of carapace equal to or greater than tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus I.
. Carapace equal in length to tibia and metatarsus IV.
. Metatarsus I with 1 submedian spine on the under surface - parvipalpa.
. Metatarsus I with 2 anterior and 1 median spines on under surface.
biamenta.
=
eS)
=
bo
“ID Ol
(5). 8. Carapace subequal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus IV.
9. Metatarsus [ with 2 anterior and 2 submedian spines. kannemeyert.
UPOGNAMPA APLANITA, n. sp. (Fig. 9.)
Specimens.—1 2 (138,872 type). Bergvleit, Cape Flats. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, December 1895.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, infuscated laterally and in the
region of the stria; legs a little darker and more olivaceous in colour,
except for the tarsi, which are orange red in colour. Abdomen
testaceous, with somewhat olivaceous infuscation, especially on central
anterior dorsal surface. Sternum, coxae, etc., the same colour as the
legs ; mouth-parts lighter and redder.
Carapace.—Lenegth slightly less than the tibia, metatarsus, and
tarsus of Ist leg, and equal to tibia and metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—As in lineatipes.
Legs.—Tarsus I lightly scopulate ; metatarsus with a few scopular
hairs anteriorly and 2 apical and 2 submedian spines; length of
metatarsus a little over } the tarsus ; 2nd leg similar; legs IIT and IV
as in lineatipes.
274 Annals of the South African Museum.
Spinners.—Tubules retracted and indeterminable.
Vulva.—As in fig. 9.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5-5 mm.
UpoGNAMPA BIAMENTA, n. sp. (Fig. 10.)
Specimens.—1 9° (3364 type). Ashton, Robertson Div. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, November 1897.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown, slightly redder anteriorly, in-
fuscated laterally and posteriorly, especially immediately anterior to
the stria. Chelicera reddish brown; abdomen dull testaceous,
infuscated posteriorly on the dorsal surface. Legs pale brown,
moderately infuscated, with the exception of the metatarsi; sternum
infuscated.
Carapace. — Subequal to patella, tibia, and metatarsus I, and
slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—As in lineatipes.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate; metatarsus with a few scopular hairs
anteriorly, and with 2 anterior and 1 median spines on the under
surface; 2nd leg similar, but with 2 median spines; tarsus III
scopulate ; metatarsus with numerous apical and 2 median spines ;
tarsus IV with fewer scopular hairs, and metatarsus with more
numerous spines.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 2 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 10.
Measurements.—Carapace, 1:7 mm. Total length, 3-8 mm.
UPOGNAMPA KANNEMEYERI, n. sp. (Fig. 11.)
Specimens :—
1 2 (B 258 type). Smithfield. (Dr. Kannemeyer.)
2 09 and? (B38). Smithfield. (Dr. Kannemeyer, December
1909.)
2 (8434). Dunbrody. (Rev. J. A. O'Neil.)
2 (Grahamstown Museum). Grahamstown. (J. Hewitt,
September 1916).
Colour.—Medium to dark brown, redder anteriorly, and mottled
posteriorly and laterally; legs and abdomen as in J/ineatipes, the
latter with a short dark band anteriorly on the dorsal surface ;
sternum lighter than the carapace.
1
1
The Drassidae of South Africa. 275
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus I, and
subequal to tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row from in front well procurved ; laterals much
larger than the medians. Posterior row considerably wider than the
anterior ; otherwise as in lineatipes.
Legs.—Tarsus I densely scopulated ; metatarsus with a few scopular
hairs anteriorly, and bearing 2 anterior and 2 submedian spines ;
2nd leg similar ; legs otherwise as in lineatipes.
Spinners.—Apical tubules retracted and indeterminable.
Vulva.—As in fig. 11.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2.4mm: Total length, 5-8 mm.
UpoGNAMPA LINEATIPES, Purc. (Fig. 12, a and B.)
1908. Callilepis lineatipes. Pure. in L. Schultze’s Zool., Bd. i,
vol. xii, p. 242, pl. x1, fig. 29. 9.
Specumens :—
3, 2 99, and jv. (14,496 types). Poortjesfontein, near
Hanover. (J. Neeser, 1905.)
1 2 (B 3420). Matroosberg Mts. (4000 ft.). (R. W. Tucker,
December 1917.)
For other localities see below.
2 Colour.—Carapace light to medium brown, tinged with red
anteriorly ; lateral margins slightly infuscated, surface clothed with
sparse pubescence. Legs a little lighter than the carapace; femora
infuscated and tarsi and metatarsi tinged with red. Abdomen dull
testaceous, slightly infuscated, and with indistinct chevron-like
markings posteriorly on the dorsal surface. Sternum the same
colour as the carapace; mouth-parts and chelicera dark reddish
brown.
Carapace.—Subequal to tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus I, and slightly
exceeding tibia and metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from the front moderately procurved ;
medians slightly nearer to the laterals than to each other. Posterior
row moderately recurved; medians oval, smaller than the laterals,
and a little nearer to each other than to them. Clypeus less than the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate, metatarsus slightly scopulate anteriorly
and bearing | anterior and 1 median spine on the inner side of
the under surface; tibia stout and subequal in length to the meta-
tarsus and tarsus; 2nd leg similar, but with fewer scopular hairs on
276 Annals of the South African Museum.
the metatarsus, and with the tibia relatively shorter. Tarsus III
bearing scopular and bristle-like hairs; metatarsus and tibia well
spined; 4th leg similar, tarsus bearing fewer scopular hairs.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners short, cylindrical, and bearing 2 apical
tubules and a terminal fringe of plumose hairs; median spinners
short and weak ; superior spinners longer and stouter than the median
spinners, but less so than the inferior. Ventral surface also bears a
short transverse chitinous line, probably a tracheal opening anterior
to the spinners.
Vulva.—As in fig. 12a.
3 Colour.—Exactly as in 9.
Carapace.—Length slightly less than tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus J,
and just exceeding tibia and metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—As in generic description.
Legs.—Tarsus I clothed with fine scopular hairs on under surface ;
metatarsus with a few isolated scopular hairs and bearing 2 apical
and 1 median inner spines on the under surface; tibia spineless ;
2nd leg similar, metatarsus with 2 median spines. Tarsus III
moderately scopulate, metatarsus and tibia bearing moderately
long slender spines; 4th leg similar, tarsus with fewer scopular
hairs. Legs moderately well clothed with pubescence.
Pedipalps.—Tibia, tarsus, and palpal organ as in fig. 12B.
Measurements.—Carapace: 2 2 mm. in length, ¢ 2 mm. Total
leneth,25mm.; ¢ 44mm.
The vulva depicted in fig. 12a seems to be identical with that
figured by Purcell in L. Schultze’s Zool. 8.W. Afr., Bd. xin, pl. x,
fig. 29, as Callilepis lineatipes. As there is only the one type specimen
of lineatipes, which is not available, direct comparison is impossible.
The description, however, appears to fit in with that of Upognampa :
that this is a distinct genus from Callilepis there seems little doubt.
The eye formation is quite distinct and constant; the spinners are
distinct, and the bases of the median spinners are non-tuberculate.
Also the size is uniformly smaller than in Callilepis, and the coloration
is hghter, both of which help to confirm the other differences. Hence,
from description and figure, I conclude that Callilepis lineatipes,
Purc., should be transferred to the genus Upognampa.
The following specimens are also recorded :—
2 99 (B 2979). Matroosberg Mts., 3500-3700 ft. (R. W.
Tucker, January 1917.)
1 2 (8648). Plumstead Flats, C. Pemmsula] \(Dr Weeke
Purcell, December 1900.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 277
1 2 (8485). Plumstead Flats, C. Peninsula. (J. Faure, 1900.)
4 22 (11,670). Stompneus, St. Helena Bay. (J. C. Goold,
January 1902.)
1 2 (B1927). Matjesfontein. (Dr. W. F. P., November 1905.)
2992 (4313-4). Olyvenbosch Kraal, Clanwilliam. (C. L.
Leipoldt, September 1898.)
1 g (12,434). Dunbrody. (Fr. O’Neil, January 1902.)
3g and 9 (11,773), Hanover. (S.C. Cron. Schreiner, November
1901.)
2 $$ (11,919 and 11,791). Hanover. (S. C. Cron. Schreiner,
1901-2.)
UpoGNAMPA PARVIPALPA, n. sp. (Fig. 13.)
Specimens :—
1s (B 1928 type). Matjesfontemn. (Dr. W. EF. Purcell,
November 1905.)
1 g (13,870). Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula. (Dr. W.. F-
Purcell, November 1901.)
1 $ (6018). Table Mt. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, October 1899.)
1 3 (11,548), Lourensford, Somerset West. (H. Hermann,
December 1901.)
Colour.—Carapace reddish brown, becoming darker anteriorly
and laterally. Legs medium brown, abdomen dull testaceous,
slightly infuscated dorsally.
Carapace.—Length slightly exceeding tibia, metatarsus, and
tarsus I, and equal to patella, tibia, and metatarsus I, and to tibia
and metatarsus IV.
Hyes.—-Anterior row lightly procurved; medians a little smaller
than the laterals, which are not large, and somewhat nearer to them
than to each other. Posterior row considerably wider and recurved ;
medians equal or subequal to the laterals, and approximately the
same distance from them as from each other. Clypeus subequal to
the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Somewhat prominent in appearance.
Mazillae, etc., as in generic description.
Legs.—As in lineatipes.
Pedipalps.—Remarkable for their exceedingly small size; outer
apical projection of tibia longer and more slender than in lineatipes
(see fig. 128).
Palpal organ as in fig. 13.
278 Annals of the South African Museum.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5 mm.
1 $ (B 5231). Table Mt. (S. Gilman, November 1920.) Darker
and smaller than type.
Gen. AMUSIA, Tuller.
AMUSIA CATARACTA, n. sp. (Fig. 14, a and B.)
Specimens.—1 g and 5 99 (150,690 types). Howick Falls, Natal.
(Dr. W. F. Purcell, September 1905.)
2 Colour.—Carapace dull brown, darker towards the border,
mottled towards the centre, and with a slight dark V anterior to the
stria; abdomen light dusky brown, legs similar in colour to the
carapace.
Eyes.—Anterior row procurved, medians less than a diameter apart,
and close to the laterals, which are slightly larger. Posterior row a
little wider than the anterior row and straight to slightly recurved ;
medians smaller than the laterals, a diameter apart and approximately
the same distance from the laterals, which are about the same size
as the anterior laterals, and distant a diameter from them. Median
ocular area longer than wide and wider posteriorly. Clypeus equal
to or exceeding the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Labiwm.—Much longer than broad, tapering anteriorly, and nearly
reaching the inner apices of the maxillae; the latter are inclined
inwards, somewhat broader, and slightly swollen basally.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II nearly twice the length of the metatarsi,
slightly swollen basally on the ventral surface, and tapering anteriorly ;
tarsus III subequal to the metatarsus and only tapering slightly ;
tarsus IV shorter than the metatarsus and scarcely swollen or tapering.
Tarsi I and II scopulate to the base, tarsi III and IV slightly scopulate
laterally and distally. Metatarsus I with 2 apical and 2 basal spines
on the under surface, and | anterior spine on the inner surface. Tibia
with 2 apical spines on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar, tibia with
a median spine also. Legs II] and IV well spined.
Spinners.—Bearing 2, occasionally 3, tubules distally.
Vulva.—As in fig. 14a.
S$ Colour.—Similar to 2: carapace comparatively shorter and
broader, and with more conspicuous pubescence.
Eyes.—Anterior row compact, eyes practically contiguous ; slightly
more procurved than in the Q, laterals decidedly larger than the
medians. Posterior row wider, slightly recurved, eyes equidistant ;
The Drassidae of South Africa. 279
medians subequal to the laterals. Median ocular area longer than
wide, and wider posteriorly. Clypeus equal to or exceeding the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Labium, etc.—As in 9.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II about 14 times as long as the metatarsi ;
otherwise tarsi as in the 2; metatarsus I bearing 2 apical and 1 basal
spines, tibia with 2 apical and 1 median spines on the under surface
in addition to lateral spines. Second leg similar, with an additional
basal spine on the inner under surface. Fourth tarsal claws with
2 or 3 small median teeth ; 3rd tarsal claws toothed as in Ist and 2nd
legs ; in the 2 the 3rd tarsal claw resembles the 4th.
Spinners.—Tubules retracted and indeterminable.
Pedipalps.—Tibia smaller than the patella, and bearing a stout
apical projection on the inner side and a longer, slenderer, 2-pronged
projection on the outer side. Tarsus and palpal organ as in fig. 14b
(ct. U. lineatcpes).
Measurements.—Length of carapace, ¢ 1:83mm.,22mm. Total
length, g 4mm., 2 5:1 mm.
ANEPLASA, n. gen.
Cephalothorax long, oval, produced anteriorly : moderately convex,
thoracic stria short and posterior in position. Anterior row of eyes
seen from in front procurved; from above straight to recurved ;
lateral eyes not large, median eyes subequal to the laterals. Posterior
row a little wider than the anterior row, and recurved ; laterals sub-
equal to the anterior laterals; medians opaque, smaller, and nearer
to each other than to the laterals. Clypeus equal to or exceeding the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye. Maxillae slightly less tapering,
and inclined inwards to a less degree than in Asemesthes. Legs
strong and well spined ; all tarsi well scopulate ; tarsal claws with a
uniseriate row of strong teeth. Inferior spinners bearing 4—5 apical
tubules, and median spinners without tuberculate base.
Tibia of pedipalp in $ without curved apical process.
Key to Species.
(4). 1. Length of carapace equal or subequal to length of metatarsus and
tarsus IV.
(3). 2. Posterior lateral eyes a diameter or over from the anterior laterals.
nigra.
(2). 3. Posterior lateral eyes 14 or more diameters from the anterior laterals.
primaris.
280 Annals of the South African Museum.
(1). 4. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and 3 or over of tarsus IV.
(7). 5. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus, and } tarsus I.
6. Vulva dark, with central ridge broadening Berea and bordered by
long oval depressions each bearing circular dark-rimmed portion
anteriorly . : 0 facies.
(5). 7. Length of carapace equal 0 bias rietatarets ae or sles of tarsus I.
(11). 8. Posterior lateral eyes 1} or more diameters from sine anterior laterals.
(10). 9. Central portion of vulva standing out in strong relief to lateral cavities
and terminating in incurved lateral projections 3 sculpturata.
(9). 10. Central portion of vulva broader, flatter, and not terminating in incurved
raised projections 2 : : . balnearia.
(8). 11. Posterior lateral eyes slightly over 1 diameter from the anterior laterals.
12. Length of carapace equal to tibia and ¢ metatarsus I . interrogationis.
ANEPLASA BALNEARIA, n. sp. (Fig. 15.)
Specimens :—
3 92 (12,657 types). Montagu Baths. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
November 1902.)
1 2 and jv. (4173). Hex R. valley. (R. Treleaven, October
1898.)
1 2 (B 4788). Ashton. (R. Tucker, November 1919.)
1 2 (B 4748). Montagu. (R. Tucker, November 1919.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, dark-edged; a narrower band
of prone white hairs down each side, partially obscuring the infuscated
markings, which form a more inner darker band; median band
lighter in colour, save for 2 leaf-like infuscations anterior to the stria.
Legs similar in colour to the carapace and slightly infuscated ; also
clothed with appressed whitish hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen
with a median testaceous band down the entire length, broader
anteriorly, and narrower and serrated or plumed posteriorly ; outer
edges dark; lateral border of abdomen dark, rest of surface mottled.
Sternum slightly darker than the carapace.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from above straight to slightly recurved,
seen from in front procurved ; eyes of medium size, medians slightly
nearer to the laterals and subequal to them. Posterior row a little
wider than the anterior row, moderately recurved, medians smaller
than the laterals and nearer to each other. Laterals equal to the
anterior laterals and at least 2 diameters from them. Clypeus about
14 times the diameter of an anterior lateral.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II densely scopulated, III slightly less so,
IV with only a few scopular hairs. Metatarsi I and II with scopular
hairs anteriorly. Metatarsi I and II with 2 basal and 1 apical spines
on the under surface. Legs well spined.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 281
Spinners.—Apical tubules retracted; 4-5 can, however, be made
out within the terminal sheath. Apical border fringed with plumose
hairs: these are present, though to a much less extent, in other
species of Asemesthes.
Vulva.—As in fig. 15.
Measurements.—Largest specimen: carapace, 3 mm. in length.
Total length, 8-8 mm.
This species appears to bear certain resemblances to genus Gnaphosa.
ANEPLASA FACIES, n. sp. (Fig. 16.)
Specimens :—
1 2 and 8 jv. (B 2411 type). Grahamstown. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, October 6, 1905.)
1 @ (Grahamstown Museum). Grahamstown. (J. Hewitt,
September 1916.)
1 9 (5714). Blue Chiff, Uitenhage Div. (J. L. Dréje, October
1899.)
1 @ (3488), Dunbrody, Uitenhage Div. (Rev. J. A. O’Neil,
1898.)
Colour.—Carapace as in balnearia; hairs and infuscation less
strongly developed ; abdomen similar, but duller and much fainter.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from above straight to slightly recurved ;
medians slightly smaller than the laterals. Posterior row moderately
recurved, very slightly wider than the anterior row; median eyes
subangular, smaller than the laterals, which are not large. Clypeus
equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Tarsus I densely scopulated; metatarsus sparsely scopu-
lated anteriorly, bearing 1 anterior spine on the inner side, and
2 sub-basally on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar, scopulation less,
and the pair of spines on the metatarsus almost median in position.
Tarsus III with a few scopular hairs, tarsus IV with none. Metatarsi
III and IV strongly spined.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners bearing 4 apical tubules ; apical hairs
as in balnearia, but less numerous.
Vulva.—As in fig. 16.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2°5 mm.in length. Total length, 7 mm.
ANEPLASA INTERROGATIONIS, n. sp. (Fig. 24.)
Specumens.—1 @ (12,665 type). Montagu Baths. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, November 1902.)
282 Annals of the South African Museum.
Colour.—Carapace pale yellowish brown, dark-rimmed, and with
infuscated mottling over entire surface; no pubescence apparent in
alcohol. Sternum, coxae, and legs paler than the carapace. Abdomen
uniform dull testaceous in colour, siightly infuscated posteriorly.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and just over 3 tarsus [V
and slightly greater than metatarsus and tarsus I.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from in front procurved and narrow ;
median eyes very small, about } a diameter apart, and nearly touching
the laterals, which are very much larger. Seen from above, the anterior
row is straight to very slightly recurved. Posterior row well recurved
and wider than the anterior row; lateral eyes the same size as the
anterior laterals ; medians small, triangular, inclined inwards towards
their bases, and nearer to each other than to the laterals. Clypeus
subequal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Clothed with long, often stiff hairs; plumose hairs also
present. Tarsus and metatarsus I scopulate, but not densely ;
metatarsus I with 2 submedian spines on the under surface; tibia I
spineless. Second leg less scopulated, especially on the metatarsus ;
under surface of the latter also with an apical spine; tibia IT bearing
an apical, a median, and a basal spine on the under surface. Tarsus
III bearing scopular hairs and other bristle-like hairs; metatarsus
well spined; 4th leg similar, but scopular hairs on the tarsus less
numerous. Teeth on claws in a single row.
Spinners.—Apical tubules of inferior spinners retracted; 2 can,
however, be made out, withdrawn into the terminal sheath.
Vulva.—As in fig. 24.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,2 mm. Total length, 4-2 mm.
ANEPLASA NIGRA, n. sp. (Fig. 17.)
Specumens.—1 Q (B 3459 type). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, 5000-
6000 ft. (R. W. Tucker, November 1917.)
Colour.—Carapace very dark brown, rimmed and strongly mottled
with black. Legs a little lighter, becoming paler distally; tarsi
reddish in colour. Abdomen black, sternum dark infuscated brown.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from in front procurved ; medians about
a diameter apart, and closer to the laterals, which are much larger.
Posterior row slightly wider than the anterior row, moderately
recurved ; median eyes small, about a diameter apart, and 14 dia-
meters or more from the laterals. Laterals equal in size to the anterior
laterals and a diameter from them. Clypeus just equal to the
diameter of an anterior lateral’eye.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 283
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate, also bearing bristle-like hairs; meta-
tarsus bearing a few scopular hairs anteriorly, and 1 apical and 2 sub-
median spines on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar; scopular hairs
less and apical spines on the metatarsus weaker. Tarsi III and IV
with a few scopular hairs. Tarsal fascicles become longer and
stronger posteriorly.
Spinners.—Apical tubules of inferior spinners retracted; 3-4,
however, appear to be present; apical fringe of plumed hairs also
present.
Vulva.—As in fig. 17.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 mm. Total length, 4-4 mm.
ANEPLASA PRIMARIS, nh. sp. (Fig. 18.)
Specimens :—
1 $ (type) and 2 subad. 92 (150,464). Matjesfontein. (Dr.
W. F. Purcell, August 1906.)
1 $ (3342). Rabiesberg, Worcester Div. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
November 1897.)
1 3 (B 4746). Montagu. (R. W. Tucker, November 1919.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, black-rimmed, and with a
slightly darker lateral band on each side between border and centre ;
border and central portion clothed with whitish hairs, remainder with
dark hairs. Abdomen with usual light serrated median band, dark-
edged, and more conspicuous posteriorly. Legs a little hghter than
the carapace.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from in front procurved ; medians less
than a diameter apart and nearly touching the laterals, which are only
slightly larger; from above the anterior row appears straight to
recurved. Posterior row wider and recurved; medians subangular,
about a diameter apart, and slightly more from the laterals, which are
somewhat larger, subequal to the anterior laterals, and distant from
them 14-2 times their diameter. Clypeus somewhat exceeding the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—As in sculpturata.
Legs.—Tarsus I lightly scopulate, metatarsus without scopular
hairs, and bearing 1 apical and 2 submedian spines on the under
surface; 2nd leg similar. Tarsus III furnished with bristles and a
few scopular hairs; metatarsus heavily spined. 4th leg similar,
tarsus without scopular hairs.
Spinners.—Tubules retracted and indeterminable.
19
284 Annals of the South African Museum.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 18; the structure varies in appearance even
on the opposite palp of the same specimen, the central hook being
more prominent and the upper left-hand projection in fig. 18 being
more apparent.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2.2mm. Total length, 5 mm.
A 3 (B 2397), Grahamstown (Dr. W. F. P., October 1905), appears
to belong to the same species, though a little larger; the spinners in
this case bear 5 apical tubules.
ANEPLASA SCULPTURATA, n. sp. (Fig. 19.)
Specumens :—
1 2 (8962 type). Matjesfontein, Worcester Div. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, September 1896.)
2 92 (B 1650). Matjesfontein. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
November 3, 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown, dark-edged; furnished with a
narrow border of appressed white hairs down each side, followed by a
slightly broader, darker, mottled band; median band hght. Legs
light yellowish brown in colour. Dorsal surface of abdomen with a
light median band, serrated, a little narrower posteriorly, and dark-
edged; lateral portion of abdomen narrowly infuscated, especially
anteriorly ; median band and remainder of dorsal surface clothed with
cream-coloured hair. Ventral surface pale.
Hyes.—Anterior row seen from in front procurved; eyes close
together, practically equidistant ; medians subequal to the laterals,
which are not large; seen from above, the anterior row is straight to
recurved. Posterior row slightly wider and moderately recurved ;
medians subangular and a little smaller than the laterals, which are
nearly equal in size to the anterior laterals and not more than 1}
diameters from them. Clypeus slightly exceeding the diameter of an
anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Tarsus of Ist leg scopulate; metatarsus scopulate an-
teriorly and bearing 1 apical and 2 submedian spines on the under
surface; 2nd leg similar, the 2 submedian metatarsal spines being
slightly more basal in position. Tarsus III bearing a few scopular
hairs and stiff bristles ; tarsus IV with practically no scopular hairs.
Posterior legs well spined.
Chelicera.—With 2 contiguous teeth, 1] large and 1 small, at the inner
apex ; these teeth appear to be present in most species of Asemethes
also, but are often difficult to detect. Inferior border with the usual
dentate keel.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 285
Spinners.—Apical tubules retracted; 4-5 can, however, be dis-
tinguished in the inferior spinners.
Vulva.—As in fig. 19.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3mm. Total length, 65 mm.
This species is closely related to balnearia, n. sp.
Gen. ASEMESTHES.
Key to Species.
(20). 1. Posterior row of eyes strongly recurved.
(11). 2. Length of total ocular area nearly equal to anterior ocular width.
(5). 3. Posterior lateral eyes subequal to anterior laterals.
4. General colour pale yellow; legs only slightly infuscate ; abdomen with
medio-dorsal and 2 lateral dark bands . : i pallidus.
(3). 5. Posterior lateral eyes much smaller than the anterior intoralst
(8). 6. Length of carapace less than the length of metatarsus IV.
7. Colour yellowish brown, carapace dark-edged, slightly mottled black.
Abdomen without pattern . : payntert.
(6). 8. Length of carapace exceeding jeneth. of metatareus IV.
(10). 9. Colour yellowish brown, legs infuscated. Abdomen infuscated laterally
and mid-dorsally, leaving a testaceous U-shaped band on dorsal
surface. Length of carapace es to tibia, metatarsus, and 3
tarsus I F : : albovittatus.
(9). 10. Colour dark brown. Weneth on carapace slightly greater than metatarsus
and tarsus I 2 : 5 reflexus.
(2). 11. Length of total ocular area considerably ee an anteren width.
(14). 12. Posterior lateral eyes just over their diameter from the anterior laterals.
13. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and over $ tarsus I, and equal
to ¢metatarsusIV_. F 3 . fodina. S
(12). 14. Posterior lateral eyes 14-2 diameters Gan ie antenee laterals.
(17). 15. Posterior lateral eyes subequal to the anterior laterals.
16. Length of carapace subequal to metatarsus and tarsus I and equal to
metatarsus IV. : : windhukensis.
(15). 17. Posterior lateral eyes much snniley fian tite anterior laterals.
(19). 18. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and } tarsus IV . aureus.
(18). 19. pore of carapace subequal to metatarsus and tarsus I and equal to
% metatarsus IV : : - numisma.
(1). 20. Beet: row of eyes moderately to yeakly ioareed.
(35). 21. Length of carapace equal to or greater than length of metatarsus and
tarsus I, and of metatarsus LY.
(32). 22. Posterior lateral eyes subequal to the anterior laterals.
(30). 23. Posterior lateral eyes just over their diameter from the anterior laterals.
(25). 24. Vulva with long anterior tongue and no margin outlining the epigynal
area . ; : : . purcelli.
(24). 25. Vulva with small Sree aor tones Fa an outlining margin to
the epigynal area.
286 Annals of the South African Museum.
6. Carapace dark brown, abdomen bearing no distinct pattern - ales:
7. Carapace yellowish brown, dark-edged ; abdomen with median serrated
band and lateral infuscations ; sternum with infuscated border.
(29). 28. Metatarsus I with 4-5 spines on the under surface. ceresicola.
(28). 29. Metatarsus I with 6 spines on the under surface . decoratus.
(23). 30. Posterior laterals 1}—2 diameters from the anterior laterals.
31. Carapace medium brown, dark-edged, infuscated laterally ; faint broad
median bands of prone white hairs. Median dorsal band on abdomen
followed by a series of arrow-shaped dark marks. lamberti.
(22). 32. Posterior lateral eyes much smaller than the anterior laterals.
(34). 33. Metatarsus I without scopular hairs and bearing 5 spines on the under
surface : . flavipes.
(33). 34. Metatarsus I with scapular ne Teteralllgne over 3 2 length, and with 4 spines
on the under surface . : - montanus.
(21). 35. Length of carapace less than leneth of mataterue ina tarsus I, and of
metatarsus IV.
(37). 36. Posterior lateral eyes subequal to the anterior laterals . Oconnori. g
(36). 37. Posterior lateral eyes much smaller than the anterior laterals. _lineatus.
Simon’s species, A. subnubilis, is not included in above, as the
specimen has not been seen, and the description given is quite
insufficient to place it.
ASEMESTHES ALBOVITTATUS, Pure. (Fig. 20.)
A. albovittatus. Purcell in Schultze, Forschungsreise in Sudafrika,
vol. i, p. 245, pl. xi, fig. 35.
Specimens :—
29 (11,863, 13,890). Hanover. (8. C. Schreiner, March
1902.)
2 $$ (11,847). Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner, March 1902.)
1 2 (14,483). Pootjesfontein, near Hanover. (Neeser, Jr.,
1905.)
1 ¢ (B 1960). Cradock. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, October 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs yellowish brown ; abdomen testaceous,
infuscated laterally and mid-dorsally, leaving a testaceous U-shaped
band on dorsal surface. Carapace with lateral band of prone white
hairs.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 2 tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and $ tarsus I.
Eyes.— Posterior row strongly recurved, narrower than anterior row.
Posterior lateral eyes much smaller than the anteriors ; length of total
ocular area not much less than anterior ocular width.
Legs.—Anterior tarsi moderately scopulate ; metatarsi with a few
anterior scopular hairs; metatarsus I with 2 apical and 2 submedian
spines on under surface ; metatarsus II with 2 apical, 2 basal, and some
The Drassidae of South Africa. 287
lateral spines. Posterior legs without scopular hairs, and with more
numerous bristles and spines.
Vulva.Somewhat “ butterfly-shaped,” with outlining margin ;
see fig. 35, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1-5mm. Total length, 3-5 mm.
3 Colour.—General colour pale golden yellow; markings as in
description of 2; hair on abdomen more brown than black. Eyes
slightly more strongly recurved than in Q.
Pedipalp.—Tarsus and palpal organ as in fig. 20; process of tibia
long, and anterior portion almost horizontal.
Measurements.—-Total length, 2-75 mm.
ASEMESTHES ALES, n. sp. (Fig. 21.)
Specimens.—1 2 (5797 type). Grahamstown. (Rev. J. A. O'Neil,
November 1899.)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown, dark-edged, and _ slightly - more
infuscated laterally ; sparsely clothed with light appressed hairs ; legs
shghtly lighter and paler distally. Abdomen dull greyish brown
dorsally, and bearing no distinct pattern. Sternum medium brown
and dark-edged.
Carapace.—Lenegth slightly greater than metatarsus and tarsus I,
and equal to metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Normal; both rows moderately recurved. Posterior row
slightly narrower than the anterior. Lateral eyes large, slightly
smaller than the anterior laterals, and just over their diameter from
them; posterior medians small, oval, whitish in colour, and slightly
nearer to each other than to the laterals. Clypeus twice the diameter
of an anterior lateral eye. Total ocular area wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I bearing numerous club-shaped scopular hairs ;
metatarsus bearing sparse scopular hairs, and 2 apical and 1 basal
spines on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar but with sparser scopular
hairs, and 2 basal spines on the metatarsus. Tarsus II] bearing sparse
scopular hairs, metatarsus with none, but bearing numerous stout
spines. Tarsus IV bearing stout bristles and isolated scopulated
hairs. All legs, especially the posterior, are well armed with spines
and stout bristles. Tarsal claws bearing large and conspicuous teeth.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners bearing the usual 3 apical tubules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 21.
Measurements—Length of carapace, 255 mm. Total length,
6:4 mm.
288 Annals of the South African Museum.
ASEMESTHES AUREUS, Pure.
A.aureus. Purcellin Schultze, Forschungsreise in Sudafrika, p. 242.
Specimens.—3 2° jv. (150,607, ex typis). Kamaggas, L. Namaqua-
land. (Schultze, July-August 1904.)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown, clothed with white appressed hair,
with few intermingled yellow ones. Abdomen testaceous brown,
clothed with golden-yellow appressed hairs. Legs similar to carapace,
but paler from tibia onwards.
Carapace.—EKqual in length to metatarsus and tarsus I, and to
metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior row strongly recurved ; lateral eyes much smaller
than the anterior laterals and about twice a diameter from them.
Total ocular area much wider anteriorly than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I moderately scopulated, metatarsus sparsely
scopulated anteriorly, with 2 apical spines and 3-4 stout bristles on
the under surface ; posterior legs strongly clothed with bristles and
spines.
Sprnners.—Inferior with 3 large apical fusules.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,3 mm. Total length, 6-2 mm.
ASEMESTHES CERESICOLA, n. sp. (Fig. 22, a and B.)
Specumens :—
2 33h, 6 22,3 jv. (3289 types). Ceres. (Dr. W. F. Purcell
and R. M. Lightfoot, October 1897.)
3 99 (B 3474). Matroosberg Mts. (Ceres), 4000 ft. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1917.)
, L 9, and jvs. (B 2546). Gt. Winterhoek Mts.
(R. W. Tucker, April 4 to 14, 1916.)
1 2 (13,161). Touws R. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, August 1903.)
1 @ and 2 jv. (B 2503). Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (R. W. E.
Tucker, April 1916.) Darker than type.
5 99 (B 2544). Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (R. W. E. Tucker,
April 1916.) Darker than type.
1 @ (B 2734). Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (R. W. E. Tucker,
April 1916.) Darker than type.
2 $¢ (12,371). Breede River (Darling Bridge). (H.
Hermann, October 1902.)
1 9 (5369). Mossel Bay. (L. J. Dréje, April 1899.)
2 Colour.—Carapace light yellowish brown, dark-edged, and with
dark markings on each side between fovea and border. Legs slightly
1 g
The Drassidae of South Africa. 289
darker, femora infuscated. Abdomen dull testaceous dorsally, with a
serrated median dark band broken or constricted towards the centre,
and not extending as far as the spinners; irregular dark markings
laterally, merging on the under surface to a slight general infuscation.
Sternum with a slightly infuscated border.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and tarsus I and to
metatarsus IV.
Hyes.—With intuscated borders ; anterior row moderately recurved,
eyes equidistant ; medians smaller than the laterals. Posterior row
equal in width to the anterior row, and a trifle less recurved ; medians
smaller than the anterior medians ; laterals subequal to the anterior
laterals and more than a diameter from them; posterior eyes also
approximately equidistant. Clypeus twice the diameter of an
anterior lateral eye. Total ocular area much wider than long.
Legs.—Anterior legs bearing sparse, club-shaped scopular hairs on
the tarsi and distal portion of the metatarsi. Tarsus III also with a
few scopular hairs. All the tarsi bearing strongly toothed claws and
coarse fascicles ; remaining segments of legs well spined. Metatarsus I
with 4-5 spines on under surface.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners bearing 3 large apical tubules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 22a.
$ Colour.—Similar to @.
Eyes.—As in 2; ocular area comparatively not so wide, and clypeus
slightly less than twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II bearing a few club-like scopular hairs on the
under surface ; tarsi III and IV with a few scattered scopular hairs ;
remaining segments of legs bearing numerous long spines.
Pedipalps.—Tibial process as in A. numisma (fig. 274). Ventral
aspect of the palpal organ as in fig. 22B.
Measurements.—3 and Q approximately equal in size; carapace,
2mm. Total length, 5 mm.
ASEMESTHES DECORATUS, Pure.
A. decoratus. Purcellin L. Schultze, Forschungsreise in Sudafrika,
vol. i, p. 243, pl. xi, fig. 30.
Specimens.—1 2 (150,608 ex typis). Kamaggas, Little Namaqua-
land. (L. Schultze, July-August 1904.)
For other localities see below.
Colour.—Carapace yellowish brown, black bordered, with irregular
infuscated lateral bands. Abdomen dull testaceous, with irregular
290 Annals of the South African Museum.
median dark band and serrated lateral infuscation. Sternum
bordered black.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and metatarsus I, and slightly
greater than metatarsus and tarsus I; also equal to metatarsus and
+ tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior row moderately recurved, and approximately
the same width as the anterior row. Posterior lateral eyes equal to
the anterior laterals, and just over a diameter from them. Total
ocular area much wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I moderately scopulate; metatarsus scopulate
anteriorly and bearing 6 spines on the under surface; 2nd leg
similar.
Vulva.—As in fig. 30, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 25mm. Total length, 6 mm.
Specimens :—
1 (18,136). Matjesfontein. (R. M. Lightfoot, August 1903.)
1 Q (150,469). Matjesfontein. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, August
1906.)
The vulval plate in these specimens is lighter than in the ex typis
specimen, and shows the convolutions of the vesicula seminalis
beneath, even more than in fig. 30, loc. cit. They seem, however,
justifiably referable to the above species.
ASEMESTHES FLAVIPES, Pure.
A. flavipes. Purcell in Schultze, Forschungsreise in Sudafrika,
vol.i, p. 244, pl. xi, fig. 32.
Specimens.—1 2 (150,609 ex typis). Luideritz Bay, Gt. Namaqua-
land. (Schultze, January 1904.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown, darker anteriorly ; dark-edged, and
with conspicuous black mottling. Abdomen dull testaceous, with
lateral infuscations and median irregular dark band. Legs pale
yellow, redder distally ; trochantersinfuscated. Sternum infuscated ;
chelicera darker distally.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and + tarsus J, and
just exceeding metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior row moderately recurved, scarcely narrower than
the anterior row; posterior lateral eyes much smaller than the
anterior laterals, and about 1 diameter from them. Total ocular area
considerably wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I with few scopular hairs, but numerous stout bristles.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 291
Metatarsus I without scopular hairs and bearing 2 apical, 1 median,
and 2 submedian spines on the under surface ; metatarsus II more
heavily spined.
Spinners.—Inferior, with 3 apical tubules.
Vulva.—s in fig. 32, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-8 mm. Total length, 6 mm.
ASEMESTHES FODINA, n. sp. (Fig. 23.)
Specimens :—
ee (Beoloimmtype)se se Lsuimel aS: WeawAdne Protas (Eve We
Tucker, December 1919.)
1 g (B 4815). Gaub., S.W. Prot. (R. W.T., January 1920.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, black-edged, and with irregular
infuscated lateral bands and slight radial infuscations. Abdomen
dull testaceous brown, with lateral infuscated mottling and indistinct
dorsal band; also a slight dorsal scutum.
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and over } tarsus I and
equal to ¢ metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from in front slightly recurved ; medians
smaller than laterals and nearer to them than to each other ; anterior
laterals 2-3 times the size of the medians ; seen from above, anterior
row is strongly recurved. Posterior row strongly recurved and
slightly narrower than the anterior row; medians small, white,
equidistant from each other and from the laterals; latter equal in
size to the anterior laterals and at least a diameter from them.
Clypeus at least the diameter of an anterior lateral eye. Total ocular
area considerably wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I sparsely scopulate laterally to base, and with line
of bristles down centre, metatarsus not scopulate but bearing 2 sub-
median and 2 apical spines on the under surface. Remaining tarsi
without scopular hairs, but with bristles only on the under surface ;
spines on metatarsi successively stronger and more numerous on
posterior legs.
Spinners.—Tubules retracted ; apparently 2-3 present.
Pedipalps.—Very distinct in appearance; the general plan of
palpal organ (fig. 25) is quite different to the usual palpal organ of
Asemesthes ; also the tibial process is straight, finely pointed and
dagger-like, and swollen at the base; the usual process in Asemesthes
is stouter and strongly curved.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2mm. Total length, 4 mm.
292 Annals of the South African Museum.
ASEMESTHES LAMBERTI, n. sp. (Fig. 25.)
Specimens.—l1 Q (3632 type). Lambert’s Bay, Clanwilliam. (R.
Pattison, November 1897.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, dark-rimmed, lateral infuscated
mottling, and faint broad median band of prone white hairs. Dorsal
surface of abdomen with dark cinereous median band extending half-
way and followed by a series of arrow-shaped dark marks narrowing
to between the spinners; lateral and posterior borders of the upper
surface dark ; remainder somewhat pinkish in colour, and dotted with
dark spots save on the portion occupied by the arrow markings. Legs
slightly lighter than the carapace, femora infuscated and mottled
on the upper surface.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and tarsus I and to-
metatarsus and 5 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians very slightly nearer to the laterals than to
each other. Posterior row scarcely narrower than the anterior, and
moderately recurved ; laterals subequal to the anterior laterals and
distant about 14 diameters from them; and medians if anything
nearer to each other than to the laterals. Clypeus about twice the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye. Total ocular area wider than
long.
Legs.—-As in A. ceresicola, the scopular hairs being more numerous
on each leg and a few present on tarsus IV.
Spinners.—Apparently without terminal fusules; by transmitted
light, however, the 3 fusules can be seen retracted in the terminal
sheath.
Vulva.—As in fig. 25.
Measurements.—Carapace, 3 mm. in length. Total length, 7 mm.
ASEMESTHES LINEATUS, Pure.
A. lineatus. Purcell in Schultze, Forschungsreise in Sudafrika,
vol. i, p. 244, pl. xi, figs. 33-34.
Specimens.—l Q (150,610 ex typis). Rooibank, 8. Hereroland.
(L. Schultze, May 1905.)
For other specimens see below.
Colour.—Carapace golden brown, with a short, irregular, infuscated
band midway between stria and lateral margin; legs slightly paler.
Abdomen testaceous, with irregular infuscated lateral markings, and
with an anterior median dark band extending half-way down dorsal
The Drassidae of South Africa. 293
surface ; also a dark spot posteriorly midway to spinners, and irregular
dark flecks. Under surface pale.
Carapace.—-Length subequal to metatarsus and tarsus I, and equal
to metatarsus IV.
Hyes.—Posterior row very strongly recurved, medians very much
smaller than the lateral. Posterior laterals smaller than the anterior
laterals, and a diameter from them. Total ocular area much broader
than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate laterally, anteriorly, and with line of
bristles down centre. Metatarsus with 3 pairs of spines on the under
surface; 2nd leg similar, median spines on under surface weak.
Posterior legs without scopulae and more heavily spined.
Vulva.—As in fig. 33, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Lenegth of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5 mm.
Specimens :—
6 99 and jvs. (9491). Hanover. (8. C. Schreiner, September—
October 1901.)
7 33,8 29, and 16 jvs. (14,466). Hanover. (S.C. Schreiner,
1905.)
1 2 (11,918). Palmietfontein, near Hanover. (8S. C. Schreiner,
February 1902.)
1Q and jv. (B 1609). Poortjesfontein, near Hanover. (Neeser,
Jr., 1905.)
2 29 (14,497). Poortjesfontein, near Hanover. (Neeser, Jr.,
1905.)
1 3, 5 99, and 6 jvs. (13,889). Hanover. (Schreiner, 1905.)
IO (B26), Naw of ilerbert) Diva (An le idue Toit:
November 1906.)
The vulva of the 2 appears as in fig. 34, loc. cit. ; in all specimens,
however, the median ridge between the two lateral dark plaques
curves outwards on each side into a somewhat T-shaped form, the
lateral portions being concave posteriorly, and often dark and
prominent and forming shallow arches; the anterior convex margin
is just shown in fig. 33. In some specimens the T is very faint and
appressed, and in others it is dark and prominent. Also in some
specimens the median anterior tongue is situated immediately anterior
to the T, and is dark and button-like. The range in variation in the
vulvae seems to vary with the age and condition of the specimen,
and though the same features are present in all, some are more
prominent to the detriment of others.
In 2 B 216 the T-shaped portion is very conspicuous; the
294 Annals of the South African Museum.
posterior row of eyes js also not so strongly recurved, the small median
eyes being well below the line joining the anterior borders of the
lateral eyes. B 1609 is similar but darker.
In the 3g the process which tapers anteriorly to the apex of the
tarsus sweeps round across the ventral surface in a bold outstanding
curve, and is larger than in the case of other species figured.
ASEMESTHES MONTANUS, n. sp. (Fig. 26, a and B.)
Specomens.—2 SS and 7 22 (12,380 types). Waterfall Mts.,
Tulbagh Road. (R. M. Lightfoot, November 1902.)
Also numerous specimens from Muizenberg Mts., Hout Bay Mts.,
Table Mt., Kalk Bay Mts., Devil’s Peak (Table Mt.), Signal Hill, and
Retreat and Bergvleit in the Cape Peninsula; and from Houwhoek,
Stellenbosch, St. Helena Bay, Malmesbury, Clanwilliam, Tulbagh
Road, Matroosberg Mts., Ceres (4000 ft.), and Hermanus Petrusfontein
in C. Province. Also § and 2 from Montagu, 2 showing variety of
vulva, central portion being shortened and narrowed posteriorly. Also
1 ¢@ (B 5096). Waterberg Mts., S.W. Prot. (R. Tucker,
February 1920.)
12 (B 5060). Grootfontein, S.W. Prot. (R. Tucker, January
1920.)
2 Colour.—Similar to A. ceresicola ; in some specimens the posterior
portion of the median abdominal band is bordered with light spots,
and the testaceous background is more tawny; sternum uniform
black-brown in colour; coxae, especially anterior pairs, infuscated ;
femora, except of 4th legs, infuscated.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I
and metatarsus and ¢ tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Lateral eyes comparatively small (smaller than in ceresicola) ;
ocular area nearly twice as broad as long. Both lines moderately
recurved, eyes equidistant. Clypeus about 2} times the diameter
of an anterior lateral eye. Posterior laterals subequal to anterior
laterals and scarcely 1} diameters from them. Total ocular area
considerably wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II bearing numerous scopular hairs, and
metatarsi a few anteriorly on the under surface. Tarsi III and
IV with a few elongated scopular hairs. Legs otherwise, as in
ceresicola.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners bearing 3 apical tubules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 26a. The central portion is often much
The Drassidae of South Africa. 295
shortened, the anterior portion extending much further down, as in
No. 11,671 (St. Helena, B).
$ Colour.—As in .
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and metatarsus I and subequal
to metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Also as in Q.
Chelicera.._Superior border apparently without teeth.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II well scopulated; III and IV sparsely so ;
metatarsi I and II bearing sparse scopular hairs on the under surface.
Pedipalps.—Tibial process of the usual form. Ventral surface of
tarsal organ as in fig. 26B.
Measurements.—3 and 9 approximately the same; carapace, 2-2
mm. in length. Total length, 5-8 mm.
Specimen from Waterberg Mts., 8.W. Prot., is lighter in colour
than type; the spinners have 2 tubules, and the ceutral portion of
vulva is marked with lateral brown striae. Specimen from Groot-
fontein also shows a variety of vulva.
ASEMESTHES NUMISMA, sp. nov. (Fig. 27, A and B.)
Specimens.—1 3, 2 99, and jv. 2 (No. B 2095 types). Namsem,
S.W. Africa. (R. W. Tucker, December 22, 1915, Percy Sladen
Memorial Expedition.)
3 Colour.—Carapace pale brown with darkened edges, and median
radiating infuscations down each side. Legs pale brown, with faint
darker banding. Abdomen dull testaceous; dorsal surface with a
median purple black band extending over half its length, continued as
three spots on each side, and terminating in a transverse dark mark,
and with additional dark markings above the spinners ; further, each
side of the abdomen bears a serrated or broken black band. Under
surface of abdomen slightly infuscated. Sternum very light brown,
with a black border ; coxae and legs paler.
Carapace.—Length subequal to metatarsus and tarsus I, and equal
to = metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen from above, anterior row is recurved and slightly wider
than the posterior row ; laterals about 3 times the size of the medians
and nearly touching them ; medians slightly further apart. Posterior
row strongly recurved; medians very small; laterals large, but
smaller than the anterior laterals, from which they are about
twice their own diameter distant. Total ocular area much wider
than long.
296 Annals of the South African Museum.
Spinners.—Superior spinners clothed with sparse long hairs, and
bearing a cluster of 3 fairly long grey fusules, dorsally, at the apex.
Legs.—Bearing long, stout spines save on the tarsi, which are long
and slender. ‘Tarsi not scopulated, but bearing stout bristles or fine
spines on the under surface ; fascicles are also present, which are as
long as the tarsal claws but do not hide them; the latter are armed
with long, strong teeth over the entire length of the inner curve.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 274; cf. A. lineatus, Pure.
Measurements.—Total length (excluding spinners), 4 mm.
2 Colour.—In adult specimens carapace and abdomen have lost
their hairy covering to a great extent. Integument of carapace
medium to dark brown, ornamented much as in g, but with darker
ocular area and a distinct long oval, or leaf-like, dark mark on
each side, running obliquely outwards from an almost central spot. .
Sternum dark brown, coxae paler; legs dark brown, femora
slightly infuscated.
Carapace.—Subequal in length to metatarsus of 4th leg.
Eyes.—Anterior row with centres almost in a straight line ; 7.e. less
recurved than in ¢ ; posterior row slightly more recurved ; posterior
laterals 14-2 diameters apart.
Spinners.—As in 3; terminal fusules stouter.
Mazxillae.—Short, slightly longer than labium, and curving inwards
to just meet over its apex.
Chelicera.—With usual keel on inner or posterior margin.
Legs.—In order 4, 3, 2, 1, the 4th legs being considerably the
longest. Tarsi much as in g; fascicles pectiniform and less con-
spicuous than in the g. Claws with a uniseriate row of about 5 long
teeth.
Pedipalps.—Comparatively short, tarsi spined, and equal in length
to patella and tibia.
Vulva.—As in fig. 27B; in some cases the circular opening to the
vesicula seminalis on each side is very considerably larger and hides
the tubular portion, also the semi-detached upper flap varies in size,
being in some cases longer and narrower.
Measurements.—Largest specimen, 8 mm. in length; carapace,
3-5 mm.
In young specimens the hairy clothing is complete on the carapace
as wellas onthe abdomen. Seen in spirits, the carapace then appears
covered with short appressed pale hairs in the centre, and laterally
with a broad black band of hairs running down each side from lateral
eyes to posterior border. The abdomen has a dark central band
The Drassidae of South Africa. 297
anteriorly on the upper surface, continued by two arrow-like markings
to 2 of the total length; the sides are covered with appressed fine
black hairs forming a margin with serrated upper edges, and shading
away on the under surface; the rest of the dorsal surface is pinkish in
colour and clothed with fine light hairs and sparse longer dark ones.
When dry, the pale hairs are a dirty white in colour, and are dis-
tributed over the legs as well, giving them a faint banded appearance.
Other specimens were obtained from §8.W. Africa on the same
expedition, from the following localities :—
Voigtserund; | 9 and 2) jv... December 19, 1915. (No: B
2147.)
Nomptsas, Usib River; jv. 9 and 2 jv. gg. December 24,
1915. (No. B 2071.)
Gamis River; 19. December 26,1915. (No. B 2062.)
Hofinungsveld, 8. of Windhuk; 1 g. January 8, 1916.
(No. B 2156.)
ASEMESTHES O’CONNORI, n. sp. (Fig. 28.)
Specimens :—
1 g (B 4789 type). Ashton. (R. W. Tucker, November
1919.)
1 $ and subadult 2 (B 4783). Montagu. (R. W. Tucker,
November 1919.)
Colour.—Carapace very dark brown, infuscated laterally, a broad
band of white hairs down the centre and a narrow border of white
hairs laterally. Abdomen greyish black dorsally, with feather-like
band of white hairs down the centre. Legs lighter than the carapace,
except the anterior femora, which are similar in colour ; sternum dark
brown, coxae light brown.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and # tarsus I, and sub-
equal to metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from above recurved. Posterior row
slightly more recurved, laterals subequal to the anterior laterals and
about a diameter and a half from them. Clypeus twice the diameter
of an anterior lateral eye. Ocular area considerably wider than long.
Spinners.—Bearing 3 fusules apically.
Legs.—Tarsus I bearing scopular hairs and stout bristles on the
under surface ; tarsus II with scarcely any scopular hairs and much
stouter bristles; tarsi III and IV with bristles only, and metatarsi
more heavily spined.
298 Annals of the South African Museum.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 28. Outer apical process of
tibia tapering to a fine straight point and furnished with only a blunt
lobe midway on lower surface.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2-2 mm. Total length, 5 mm.
ASEMESTHES PAYNTERI, n. sp. (Fig. 29.)
Specimens.—l1 Q (14,253 type). Touws River. (J. Paynter,
December 1904.)
Colour.—Carapace yellowish brown, dark-edged; surface slightly
mottled. Abdomen testaceous; sternum about the same colour as the
carapace.
Carapace.—EKqual in length to metatarsus and ? tarsus I, and to
5 metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately recurved; medians very small,
less than a diameter apart and nearer to the laterals, which are very
large. Posterior row equal in width and strongly recurved (a little
less than in A. reflexus, n. sp.); posterior laterals smaller than the
anterior laterals, and separated by 14 times their diameter ; posterior
medians very small, and set in the centre of a long oval dark mark ;
remaining eyes, especially the laterals, surrounded by black bands.
Clypeus twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye. Total ocular
area quite as long as wide.
Legs.—Similar to reflexus.
Spinners.—Apical tubules of inferior spinners retracted and
indeterminable.
Vulva.—As in fig. 29.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2°75 mm. Total length,
5°75 mm.
ASEMESTHES PURCELLI, n. sp. (Fig. 30.)
Specimens :—
2 92 and jv. (12,658 types). Montagu Baths. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, November 1902.)
1 @ (B 4250). Kaapmuiden, HE. Transv., Low Veld. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1918.)
2 29 (B 4344). Komatipoort, E. Transv., Low Veld. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1918.)
Colour.—Carapace medium to dark brown, lighter in the centre,
infuscated laterally ; clothed with sparse appressed hairs, which are
more numerous down the centre line, forming a white median band.
Abdomen dull greyish brown dorsally ; pattern faint, but consisting
The Drassidae of South Africa. 299
oi a narrow anterior median dark band, followed by dark chevrons
which diminish posteriorly ; sides infuscated, and remainder of dorsal
surface flecked with dark spots. Femora of legs similar in colour to
the carapace; patellae and distal portion of legs, especially the
posterior pairs, much lighter.
Carapace.—Equal in length to metatarsus and tarsus I, and to
metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Both rows moderately recurved. Anterior eyes equi-
distant, laterals much larger than the medians. Posterior row not
narrower than the anterior row. Posterior laterals slightly smaller
than anterior laterals and just over their diameter from them. Total
ocular area much wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate, and bearing numerous stiff bristles ;
metatarsus I bearing scopular hairs anteriorly on the lateral under
surfaces; 2nd leg similar, but the bristles are stronger and more
numerous, and the basal spines on the metatarsus are slightly more
median in position. Tarsus III bearing a few scopular hairs, and
numerous long bristles; metatarsus heavily spined; 4th leg similar.
Tarsal claws as in ales.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 3 apical tubules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 30. (The original specimen from which the
figure and description are taken was subsequently badly damaged.)
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3mm. Total length, 7 mm.
The 2° from Kaapmuiden and Komatipoort are darker and slightly
smalier than the type, and the vulvae differ somewhat in that the
“tongue ”’ is longer, and the lower median dark-rimmed hollow is by
no means so pronounced, and in one case its outline can hardly be
distinguished. Nevertheless the specimens do not appear specifically
distinct from A. purcelli.
1 2 (B 4787) from Ashton, C.P. (R. W. Tucker, November 1919.)
Coincides with type.
ASEMESTHES REFLEXUS, n. sp. (Fig. 31, a and B.)
Specimens :—
1 $ and 3 99 (B 1938 types). Beaufort West. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, October 1905.)
1 9 (12,659). Montagu Baths. (Dr W. F. Purcell, November
1902.)
1 9 (8571). Clanwilliam. (C. L. Leipoldt, October 1897.)
2 Colour.—Carapace dark brown, clothed with scanty pale pubes-
20
300 Annals of the South African Museum.
cence ; legs similar in colour to the carapace. Abdomen dull brownish
in colour; also clothed with a pale pubescence. Sternum dark
brown.
Carapace.—Slightly longer than metatarsus and tarsus I, and equal
to metatarsus and about 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen from above, front row straight to lightly recurved ;
medians set on a slight tubercle, small, about a diameter apart, and a
little less from the laterals, which are much larger. Posterior row
slightly narrower than the anterior, and very strongly recurved ;
medians small, about a diameter apart, and about 3 diameters from the
laterals, which are considerably posterior to them; laterals smaller
than the anterior laterals, and 2 diameters from them. Clypeus
23-3 times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye, and sloping forwards
to a slight degree. Total ocular area not very much wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I bearing a few scopular hairs, and numerous short
slender spines in rows down the under surface; upper surface also
bearing numerous slender spines; metatarsus with | or 2 scopular
hairs anteriorly, also with 2 apical, 2 median, and 2 sub-basal spines ;
tibia also bearing paired spines on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar ;
also with stiff bristles, and bearing an additional spine on the outer
surface. Tarsi and metatarsi III and IV with no scopular hairs, but
with more numerous and stronger bristles and spines (occasionally a
few club-shaped scopular hairs may be present on tarsus ITI).
Chelicera.—Superior border with a large tooth at the mner apex ;
inferior border with the usual keel.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 3 apical tubules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 314 ; in some specimens the central markings are
absent, and the whole surface, apart from the tongue, is whitish.
$ Colour.—Shghtly lighter than the 2; dorsal surface of the
abdomen brownish testaceous, with a dark irregular median band,
and the rest of the surface mottled with dark marks, especially
laterally ; under surface paler, genital surface dark. Sternum dark
brown.
Eyes.—As in 9; anterior row more strongly recurved, and eyes
slightly more separated. Clypeus vertical, and scarcely more than
twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Similar to the 2; anterior tarsi scarcely scopulated, but
bearing short fine spines ; posterior legs more heavily spined.
Spinners.—As in &.
Pedipalps.—Tarsal organ as in fig. 31s. Tibial projection as in
other species.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 301
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 9 2-75 mm.,g 2mm. Total
length, 95:75 mm., ¢ 5 mm.
ASEMESTHES SUBNUBILIS, Sim.
A. subnubilis. Simon, E., in Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1887, p. 373.
* 2 (pullus).—Leneth, 8 mm.
“ Cephalothorax smooth, shining, dusky brown. Ocular region
black. Abdomen oval, dark ashy colour above ; under surface paler
to dull testaceous. Sternum, chelicerae, and legs dark brown,
smooth; metatarsi and tarsi lighter and yellowish red. (Vulva not
fully adult.) ”
ASEMESTHES WINDHUKENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 32.)
Specimens :—
1 2 (B 5164 type). Windhuk, 8.W. Prot. (R. W. Tucker,
December 1919.)
1 2 (B 5585). Tsumeb, 8.W. Prot. (EK. Koechig, January
1921.)
1 2 (B 5139), Tsintsabis, Northern 8.W. Prot. (R. Tucker,
December 1919.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown, margin dark ; lateral and posterior
borders mottled ; no pubescence apparent ; legs slightly lighter than
the carapace, femora infuscated. Abdomen testaceous, with median
dark band and strong lateral infuscation. Sternum similar in colour
to carapace.
Carapace.—Length subequal to metatarsus and tarsus I, and equal
to metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen from above, the front row is well recurved ; posterior
row equal in width and also well recurved ; medians small, a diameter
apart, and a diameter or less from the laterals ; laterals subequal to
the anterior laterals and barely a diameter and a half from them.
Clypeus quite twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye. Total
ocular area wider than long.
Legs.—Tarsus I bearing scopular hairs and stout bristles on under
surface; tarsus II with fewer scopular hairs; metatarsus with
3 pairs of spines on under surface; tarsus III with a few scopular
hairs anteriorly and more numerous long and stout bristles; meta-
tarsus with numerous bristles and strong spines; 4th leg similar, but
with fewer scopular hairs on the tarsus.
Chelicera.—Superior border with strong tooth ; inferior border with
usual dentate keel.
302 Annals of the South African Museum.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 2-3 apical tubules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 32.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-8 mm. Total length, 7 mm.
DRASSODEAE.
Key to Genera.
(4). 1. Lateral eyes on each side widely separated ; median ocular area longer
than wide; anterior eyes subequal, posterior row lightly procurved.
Inferior border of chelicera with 2 teeth; labium much longer than
broad ; maxillae strongly impressed : : ; Drassodes.
(3). 2. Anterior medians smaller than the laterals, posterior row decidedly
recurved. Labium about as broad as long . : Drassodella.
(2). 3. Median ocular area not distinctly longer than broad. Inferior border of
mandibles with 3 teeth. Labium longer than broad . Allodrassus.
(1). 4. Lateral eyes on each side subcontiguous ; median ocular area wider than
long. Maxillae faintly impressed.
(7). 5. Posterior row of eyes straight.
6. Labium longer than broad. Anterior median eyes slightly smaller than
the laterals i : : : : : : : Talanites.
(5). 7. Posterior row of eyes procurved.
(11). 8. Anterior median eyes larger than the laterals ; labium not much longer
than broad.
(10). 9. Inferior margin of chelicera bidentate. Legs slender. Inferior spinners
distinctly biarticulate . : : : : Leptodrassus.
(9). 10. Inferior margin of chelicera muticous. Legs short. Inferior spinners
without distinct apical joint ; : Homeothele.
(8). 11. Anterior median eyes equal in size to interals) and to remaining eyes.
Labium longer than broad, parallel-sided.
12. Inferior margin of chelicera bidentate. Legs long and moderately strong.
Inferior spinners not biarticulate . : } . Adelphodrassus.
All of these genera, save Homeothele and Adelphodrassus, are found
in Africa, but Talanites and Allodrassus are not known from South
Africa.
GEmN. DRASSODES, Westr.
Key to Species.
Females.
(14). 1. Chelicera with one large and one small tooth.
(11). 2. Anterior width of carapace equal to half the greatest width.
(8). 3. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus, and a portion up to 4 of
the tarsus of Ist leg.
(5). 4, Posterior medians large and touching 3 > A : gooldi.
(4). 5. Posterior medians not touching.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 303
(7). 6. Posterior medians close together 4 ‘ 3 ; : dreget.
(6). 7. Posterior medians some distance apart —. : : f lyratus.
(3). 8. Length of carapace just equal to tibia and metatarsus of Ist leg.
(10). 9. Posterior border of anterior slit of vulva T-shaped . — sesquidentatus.
(9). 10. Posterior border of anterior slot of vulva broad and _ tongue-like
posteriorly . 0 : . tessellatus.
(2). 11. Anterior width of carapace cote than half tHe greatest width.
(13). 12. Posterior medians half a length apart and over a length from the laterals.
Vulva slightly longer than broad, basal portion U-shaped ; anterior
slit extending posteriorly as a moderately broad white tongue.
lophognathus.
(12). 13. Posterior medians $a length apart but less than a length from the laterals.
Vulva broader than long; anterior slit shallow, broad, and extending
between the arms of the broad U-shaped basal portion. calceatus.
(1). 14. Chelicera with 3 teeth.
(18). 15. Width of carapace equal to } the greatest width.
(17). 16. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus, and a portion up to +4 of
tarsus of Ist leg : ereptor.
(16). 17. Length of carapace just equal ee tibia cua ichatonetas of Ist leg.
splendens.
(15). 18. Width of carapace greater than } the greatest width.
(22). 19. Posterior medians nearly a length apart.
(21). 20. Vulva longer than broad; basal portion somewhat horseshoe-
shaped F : ° ; 5 ; d : bechuanicus.
(20). 21. Vulva broader than long : ‘ : . solitarius.
(19). 22. Posterior medians large and 3 a jenpth apart : : . tortuosus.
In this genus the sexual organs are the distinguishing specific
characters ; other characters are so uniform in each species that the
few available for specific purposes are practically all included.in the
key given in the previous pages, the descriptions in each case being
made from type specimens ; hence in the following species of Purcell’s
the descriptions are not repeated, the key and figures quoted below
being deemed sufficient. New species are described as usual.
DRASSODES LOPHOGNATHUS, Pure.
1907. D. lophognathus. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 305,
pl. xi, figs. 4-6, g and @.
5 99 and 4 g¢ from Devil’s Peak, Cape Town. (W. F. Purcell.)
1 2 from Stellenbosch. (L. Péringuey.)
5 992 from Pass at Avontuur, near Stormsvlei. (Mr. and Mrs.
W. F. Purcell.)
g and 9, St. Helena Bay, Malmesbury Div. (J. E. C. Goold.)
Other gg and 22 from Onderbergvlei, Clanwilliam Div., Hex River
304 Annals of the South African Museum.
valley, Touws River, and Matjesfontein in Worcester Div., Laings- -
burg, Port Albert Div., Beaufort West, and Willowmore.
Specimens from new localities :—
1 Q (18,105). Engobe Distr., Transkei. (Weisbecker, August
1903.)
1 2 (Grahamstown Museum), De Aar.
1 9 (B 2683). Gt. Winterhoek Mts., 4400-5500 ft. (R. W.
Tucker, November 29, 1916.)
Specimens darker or “ dirtier ’ in colour than the types ; abdomen
without the dark spots or bands; eyes with the anterior row lightly
procurved and the posterior row more strongly procurved.
DRASSODES TESSELLATUS, Pure.
1907. D. tessellatus. Purcell in A.M.N.H: (7), vol. xx, p. 307;
pl. xii, figs. 7 and 8, ¢ and 9.
17 3d and 45 29 from Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner, 1901.)
$6 and 9 from Steynsburg Div., C. Province. (G. G. Ponder.)
Specimens from new localities—3 22 (B 1576), De Aar. (Dr.
W. F. Purcell, September 1913.)
These specimens have been referred to this species, although in the
absence of the ¢ it is somewhat difficult to differentiate it from
lophognathus.
Also g¢ and 2 (B 144), Smithfield. Dr. Kannemeyer.
The 2 agrees with the type specimen, but the palp of the ¢ varies
slightly ; the dentition of the chelicera, however, is that of fessellatus.
These specimens are slightly smaller than the types, the length
of the Q being 7-3 mm., and of the ¢ 8 mm.
DRASSODES SOLITARIUS, Purc.
1907. D. solitarius. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 308,
ple xan, hee O:
1 2from Hanover. (8. C. Cronwright Schreiner.)
DRASSODES CAFFRERIANUS, Purc.
1907. D. caffrerianus. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 308,
plank hoslON
1 g from Keneha Bridge, about 22 miles west of Maclear, Pondo-
land. (A. 8. Weisbecker, August 1903.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 305
DRASSODES CALCEATUS, Pure.
1907. D. calceatus. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 309, pl. xiii,
THis ILE
2 2° from Matjesfontein.
DRASSODES GOOLDI, Pure.
1907. D. goold:. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 309, pl. xiii,
siege) Ay Se
2 29 from Stompneus, St. Helena Bay, Malmesbury Div. (J. E. C.
Goold.)
DRASSODES LYRATUS, Pure.
1907. D. lyratus. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 309, pl. xxx,
1m, 1S). O,
1 2 from Matjesfontein, Worcester Div.
DRASSODES HELENAE, Pure.
1907. D. helenae. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 309, pl. xiii,
figs. 14 and 14a, ¢.
1 $ from Stompneus, St. Helena Bay, Malmesbury Div. (J. E. C,
Goold.)
DRASSODES DREGEI, Pure.
1907. D. drager.; Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 310, pl. xin,
fig
2 99 from Port Elizabeth. (J. L. Drége, July 1899.)
DRASSODES EREPTOR, Pure.
1907. D. ereptor. Purcell in-A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 310, pl. xu,
figs. 16 and 17, g and 9.
5 92 from the Hot Baths, Montagu. (W. F. Purcell, November
1902.)
1 2 from Clanwilliam. (C. L. Leipoldt, October 1897.)
1 2 from Bosch Kloof, in Cedarberg Range, Clanwilliam Diy,
(Leipoldt, December 1897.)
1 g, Salt River Flats, Cape Peninsula. (W. F. Purcell, April 1896.)
New Localities—1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). Aliwal North.
(Sr. Stephany.)
306 Annals of the South African Museum.
DRASSODES SESQUIDENTATUS, Pure.
1908. D. sesquidentatus. Purcell in L. Schultze, Forschungsreise
in Siidafrika. Denk. med. nat. Gesell., Bd. xiii, p. 235, pl. x, figs.
13 and 14.
15 99, 18 gg, and 3 jvs. from Kamaggas, Little Namaqualand.
July and August 1904.
Very near D. lophognathus, Pure.
DRASSODES BECHUANICUS, n. sp. (Fig. 33.)
Specimens.—1 ° (14,504 type). Maritzsojo, Bechuanaland. (A. L.
du Toit, October 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace light yellowish brown, becoming darker and-
redder distally; chelicera black-red in colour. Legs yellowish
brown, abdomen testaceous, the dorsal surface bearing faint dark
spots.
Carapace.—Width across the ocular area a little over half the
greatest width. Length slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I.
Clypeus subequal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Anterior row seen from in front moderately procurved ;
medians a diameter apart, but closer to the laterals, which are sub-
equal in size. Posterior row procurved, medians subangular and
closer to each other than to the laterals. Median ocular area longer
than wide, and a trifle narrower posteriorly.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, of which the central one
is the larger; inferior border with 3 small teeth (1 chelicera bears
only 2, slightly larger in size).
Legs.—Metatarsus I bearing no spines; tibia also spineless, and
bearing scarcely any trace of anterior lateral scopula. Metatarsus II
with 2 basal spines on the under surface. Metatarsus III with an
anterior scopula. Metatarsus IV with a few scopular hairs anteriorly.
The tarsi are all scopulated, the posterior ones less densely.
Vulva.—As in fig. 33.
Measurements.—Carapace, 4-8 mm. long. Total length, 10-6 mm.
DRASSODES MASCULUS, n. sp. (Fig. 34.)
Specomens.—1 3 (B 3896). Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown; redder anteriorly, and infuscated
laterally and centrally; legs yellowish brown. Abdomen dull
The Drassidae of South Africa. 307
testaceous with median anterior dorsal band and rest of dorsal
surface mottled, with large infuscated marks.
Carapace.—EKqual in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I ;
anterior width equal to 4 greatest width.
Hyes.—Anterior row procurved, laterals subequal to the medians.
Posterior row procurved, medians large, angular, and contiguous ;
laterals smaller than the anterior laterals ; median ocular area longer
than wide, and wider posteriorly. Anterior laterals nearly touching
the border of the carapace.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 2 large contiguous teeth ; inferior
border with 2 smaller teeth.
Legs.—Anterior tarsi scopulate and slightly dilated ; metatarsi also
lightly scopulate, 2nd metatarsus bearing 0-1 spines on the under
surface ; posterior legs more heavily spined.
Pedipalps.—Tibia with anterior dorsal process; tarsus broad,
palpal organ as in fig. 34.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5 mm.
DRASSODES SPLENDENS, n. sp. (Fig. 35.)
Specomens.—1 2 (B 4000 type). Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.)
Colour.—Carapace yellowish brown, darker anteriorly ; chelicera
medium brown; legs pale testaceous, slightly darker distally. Ab-
domen dull testaceous, the dorsal surface bearing a dark median band
anteriorly, which extends over 4 the length ; remainder of the dorsal
surface bearing numerous distinct dark spots; ventral surface pale ;
integument clothed with appressed dark hairs.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and metatarsus I; anterior width
equal to 4 greatest width.
Eyes.—Anterior medians nearly a diameter apart, and slightly
nearer to the laterals, which are subequal to them in size. Posterior
medians large, subangular, and nearly touching posteriorly ; lateral
eyes much smaller, and at least 14 times their diameter from the
medians. Median ocular area longer than wide, and considerably
wider posteriorly.
Chelicera.—Superior margin bearing 3 teeth, inferior margin 2.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I scopulate to the base, and spineless ;
tibia without scopular hairs and also spineless ; 2nd leg similar, with
the addition of 2 basal spines on the under surface of the metatarsus.
Tarsus III scopulate at the sides but with bristles down the centre ;
metatarsus bearing scopular hairs anteriorly at the sides of the under
308 Annals of the South African Museum.
surface, and armed with numerous spines. Tarsus and metatarsus IV
similar but with fewer scopular hairs.
Vulva.—As in fig. 35.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4mm. Total length, 9 mm.
DRASSODES STATIONIS, n. sp. (Fig. 36.)
Specimens :—
1 3 (B 2618 type). Hout Bay Mts., Cape Peninsula. (R. W.
Tucker, October 1916.)
1 $ (B 5226). Vryburg. (J.S. Brown, May 1920.)
1 3 (14,507). Vryburg. (Du Toit, September 1905.)
1 ¢ (B 2764). Gt. Winterhoek Mts.. (R. W. Tucker,
November 1916.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown, darker around ocular region. Legs
light yellowish brown. Abdomen testaceous, fairly regularly flecked
with black over entire dorsal surface.
Carapace.—Length slightly less than tibia and metatarsus I.
Anterior width } greatest width.
Eyes.—Anterior row procurved, medians larger than laterals.
Posterior row straight to very slightly procurved; medians large,
subangular, and nearly touching; nearly long diameter from the
laterals, which are equal in size to the anterior laterals. Median
ocular area slightly longer than wide, and scarcely wider posteriorly.
Clypeus slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 1 large tooth, with long, slightly
serrated inner base; inferior border with 2 denticles. In a young
female specimen the superior border has | large and 1 small tooth, and
inferior border 2 small teeth.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II scopulate to base; metatarsus I spineless
and scopulate almost to base; metatarsus II slightly less scopulate
and with 2 basal spines on the under surface. Tarsus III with
scopula and bristle-like hairs ; tarsus IV with bristles only.
Pedipalps.—Tibia with blunt median anterior dorsal process.
Palpal organ as in fig. 36.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2-1 mm. Total length, 5-1 mm.
DRASSODES TORTUOSUS, n. sp. (Fig. 37.)
Specumens.—1 @ (150,697 type). Howick, Natal. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, September 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace light brown with radiate infuscations, and
The Drassidae of South Afrrea. 309
becoming darker anteriorly in the ocular area. Chelicera dark
reddish brown, legs light brown; abdomen testaceous, with traces
of dark marks anteriorly on the dorsal surface, and faint infuscated
spots posteriorly.
Carapace.—Width across the ocular area exceeding } the greatest
width. Length equal to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I.
Eyes.—Anterior row well procurved ; ean eyes less than a
diameter apart, and nearer to the laterals, to which they are subequal.
Posterior row moderately procurved, medians subangular, close
together, and slightly larger than the laterals. Median ocular area
slightly longer than broad, and slightly wider posteriorly. Clypeus
half the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—_-Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 2
stout teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I spineless; tibia without spines or scopular
hairs. Metatarsus II bearing 2 spines basally on the under surface ;
tibia without spines or scopular hairs. Metatarsi III and IV with a
few scopular hairs anteriorly.
Vulva.—As in fig. 37.
Measurements.—Carapace, 3mm.in length. Total length, 7-5 mm.
Gen. DRASSODELLA, Hewitt.
Key to Species.
Females.
(3). 1. Vulva without constriction of median depressed area.
2. Abdomen blackish brown, with 5 conspicuous white spots and 2-3 light
arrow-shaped bands Dara! also 2 diffuse light spots on the
lateral surfaces. : : . quinquelabecula.
(1). 3. Vulva with median depressed area sonatrietod!
(10). 4. Lateral projections into median area present.
(8). 5. Length of carapace equal to tibia and slightly under or over } metatarsus
of 4th leg.
(7). 6. Abdomen greyish black, bearing a trace of 4-6 lateral and 1 terminal
white spots dorsally 3 ‘ : melana.
(6). 7. Abdomen bright orange dorsally, soloured area sharply defined and
broken only by a short median black streak anteriorly . salisburyi.
(5). 8. Length of carapace equal to tibia and slightly under or over } of the meta-
tarsus of 4th leg.
9. Abdomen brownish black, bearing 6 lateral and 1 terminal well-defined
spots dorsally. 6 é - 7-maculata.
(4). 10. Without lateral projections into the readies area.
(12). 11. Length of carapace equal to tibia and slightly under or over } metatarsus
310 Annals of the South African Museum.
of 4th leg. Abdomen brownish black, with a long anterior white
stripe down each side, followed by a separate white spot; terminal
white spot inconspicuous. : vasivulva.
(11). 12. Length of carapace equal to tibia anal slightly Under or over $ metatarsus
of 4th leg. Abdomen dark brown dorsally, with a pair of anterior,
a pair of anterior median, and a terminal white spot : purcelli.
Males.
(4). 1. Stylus of palpal organ not hooked at extremity.
. Length of carapace equal to tibia and slightly under or over + of meta-
tarsus of 4th leg.
3. Stylus small, laminated and inconspicuous 5 . quinquelabecula.
. Stylus of palpal organ hooked at extremity.
(7). 5. Length of carapace equal to tibia and slightly under or over + metatarsus
of 4th leg.
bo
—
—"
=
ise
6. Stylus of palp broad at base and tapering gradually . . salisburyt.
(5). 7. Length of carapace equal to tibia and slightly under or over $ metatarsus
of 4th leg.
8. Stylus laminated, moderately short; basal portion suddenly broad, and
7-maculata.
transverse .
DRASSODELLA MELANA, n. sp. (Fig. 38.)
Specimens :—
1 9 (B 4175 Type). Mfongosi, Zululand. (W. E. Jones,
February 1918.)
3 92 (B 3610). Krantzkop, Natal. (K. H. Barnard;
November 1917.)
Colour.—Carapace dark mahogany brown, darker towards the
borders; surface sparsely clothed with appressed yellowish-white
hairs, and with a narrow margin of white hairs laterally. Abdomen
greyish black dorsally, bearing very sparse white hairs and a trace of
4—6 lateral and 1 terminal white spots ; under surface slightly lighter.
Legs, especially the femora, very dark ; tarsi hghter; femur I witha
light spot on the inner and on the outer surface; tibia I light and
densely clothed with white plumose hairs; similar hairs scattered all
over the legs, especially on the coxae.
Carapace.—Clypeus subequal to the diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Eyes.—Anterior row straight and compact; median eyes slightly
smaller than the laterals, nearly touching each other, and touching the
laterals. Posterior row straight to slightly recurved; medians a
little smaller than the laterals, and slightly nearer to each other than
to the laterals.
Chelicera and sternum normal.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 311
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I slightly scopulated and spineless.
Tarsus and metatarsus II scopulate to the base and also spineless.
Tarsus III scopulate ; metatarsus without scopular hairs, but bearing
numerous stout spines. Tarsus IV with a few scopular hairs laterally
and bristles centrally ; metatarsus long and strongly spined.
Pedipalps.—As in T-maculata.
Vulva.—As in fig. 38.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2-7 mm. Total length, 7 mm.
The specimens from Krantzkop are even darker than the type, and
bear fewer white hairs.
DRASSODELLA PURCELLI, n. sp. (Fig. 39.)
Specimens :—
1 2 (150,465 type). Matjesfontein. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
August 1906.)
2 99 (3971). Touws River Stn., Worcester Div. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, September 1896.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, slightly infuscated; lateral
white border very faint. Posterior legs approximately the same
colour as the carapace ; anterior legs darker as far as the patellae and
lighter onwards ; tibia of lst leg banded with white hairs as in quin-
quelabecula. Abdomen dark brown dorsally, and darker posteriorly ;
surface smooth and bearing a pair of anterior and a pair of median
anterior white spots, and 1 terminal spot ; under surface slightly paler.
Carapace.—Clypeus slightly narrower than 4 the diameter of an
anterior lateral eye.
Eyes, sternum, etc., normal.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 2
teeth.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I scopulate ; tibia also with scopular
hairs anteriorly. Tarsus and metatarsus II scopulate; metatarsus
apparently spineless. Tarsus II] scopulate, metatarsus armed with
bristles and spines on the lower surface. Tarsus IV furnished with
stout bristles and a few scopular hairs on the under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 39 ; allied tu guinquelabecula.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1-6mm. Total length, 4-4 mm.
DRASSODELLA QUINQUELABECULA, n. sp. (Fig. 40, a and B.)
Specumens.—1 2 and jv. (150,065 types), and 1 & (150,440).
Caledon. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, July 1910.)
312 Annals of the South African Museum.
2 Colour.—Carapace medium brown, very slightly infuscated, with
lateral white border and scattered white hairs over the entire surface.
Legs slightly lighter than the carapace and bearing sparse white hairs
which are more numerous on the coxae ; tibiae of the Ist legs lighter
than the other segments, save for a dark basal band, and conspicuously
clothed with white hairs; patellae almost black; femora with the
lateral light patches inconspicuous. ‘Tibiae of 2nd legs also slightly
lightened ; otherwise the legs are darker distally. Abdomen blackish
brown on the dorsal surface, ornamented with 5 conspicuous spots and
with 2 or 3 light arrow-shaped bands between the posterior and the
2 median spots ; also with 2 diffuse ight spots on the lateral surfaces ;
ventral surface paler. The jv.specimen is much darker, and shows the
colour markings more prominently, especially on the Ist legs.
Carapace.—As in 7-maculata; clypeus much narrower than the
diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—As in 7-maculata; the posterior medians slightly nearer
to the laterals than to each other.
Chelicera.—With 2 inferior and 3 superior teeth; the fang not so
stout or so sinuous basally as in 7-maculata.
Sternum.—Slightly longer than broad.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus of the Ist leg scopulate ; metatarsus
bearing 1 basal spine on the under surface; 2nd leg similar, but the
metatarsus with 2 basal spines. Tarsus II] scopulate; metatarsus
longer, stouter, and strongly spined. Tarsus IV with no scopula,
but with bristles on the under surface. All the tarsi bearing claws
and fascicles ; those of the anterior legs being much shorter than those
of the posterior.
Pedipalps.—Tarsal claw very small.
Vulva.—As in fig. 40a.
3 Colour.—As in 92, but with fewer white hairs on the carapace ;
the legs also become lighter distally, and the abdomen is darker and
lacks the arrow-like markings posteriorly.
Carapace.—Clypeus only slightly narrower than the diameter of an
anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—As in 9.
Chelicera.—Fang longer than in 9, and slightly more sinuous.
Legs.—Tarsus of 1st leg scopulate ; metatarsus scopulate anteriorly,
and bearing no spines; 2nd leg similar, but with 2 basal spines on
the metatarsus. Tarsus III scopulated; metatarsus III bearing
numerous spines; also bristles, especially anteriorly, on the under
surface. Tarsus IV with no scopular hairs, but furnished with
The Drassidae of South Africa. 313
bristles on the under surface ; metatarsus slightly exceeding twice its
length.
Pedipalps.—Tibia longer than the patella, and about 2 the length
of the tarsus; and furnished on the outer apical border with a short
curved projection. Tarsus bearing the usual scopular patch. Palpal
organ as in fig. 40B.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 92 mm., g 1:3 mm. Total
length, 94 mm., § 3-6 mm.
12(B 3484). Matroosberg Mts., 4000 ft. (R. W. Tucker, November
IS)
DRASSODELLA SALISBURYI, Hewitt.
1916. D. salisbury:. Hewitt in Ann. Transv. Mus., vol. v (3), p. 209,
fig. 9, A-E.
Specumens :—
12type. (Grahamstown Museum), Grahamstown. (February
1915.)
1 3 (B 3332), Grahamstown. (J. Hewitt.)
2 Colour.—Carapace dark mahogany brown, narrowly fringed with
white hairs, and with a short median posteriorly bifurcated band of
white hairs. Legs similar in colour, but lighter and redder distally ;
also bearing white and orange hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen
clothed with orange-coloured hairs, and with a short anterior median
black stripe. Femur I with light spot on inner and outer surfaces.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to tibia
and 4 metatarsus IV.
Clypeus.—Slightly greater than the diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Eyes.—Anterior row slightly procurved, medians smaller than the
laterals and nearer to them; posterior row recurved, wider than the
anterior row; medians smaller than the laterals and nearer to them
than to each other.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 2.
Legs.—Tibia I scopulate anteriorly, laterally, and bearing 2 median
and 2 basal spines; tibia II without scopula, and with | median and
1 basal spine.
Vulva.—As in fig 98, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 23:2 mm.; ¢ 4mm.
6 Colour.—As in °.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and 3 metatarsus I, and to tibia
and about 4 metatarsus IV.
314 Annals of the South African Museum.
Clypeus.—Kqual to 13 times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—As in &.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 2.
Legs.—Tibia I not scopulate anteriorly, and with 2 median and
2 basal spines on under surface.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 9, B and ©, loc. cit.
DRASSODELLA 7-MACULATA, Strand. (Fig. 41, a and B.)
1903. Prosthesima 7-maculata. Strand in Deutsche Sudpolar
Expedition, 1901-1903, Bd. x, “ Zool.,”’ vol. ii, p. 554.
Strand’s species is founded on a single 2 specimen from Miller’s
Point, Simonstown, Cape, July 1903. I have not been able to see the
type, but those described below from the Cape and elsewhere coincide
with Strand’s description, and are undoubtedly the same species.
Specomens.—1 $ and 4 99 (8521 types), Signal Hill (Dr. W. F. P.,
April 1900) ; also from various localities noted below.
2 Colour.—Carapace infuscated brown, with a lateral border and a
sparse median stripe of slightly plumose white hairs ; basal portions
of legs also with a few white hairs ; legs slightly paler than the carapace
and lighter from the patellae onwards; femora of first legs with
conspicuous light patches on the inner and outer surfaces. Abdomen
brownish black, with 7 conspicuous white spots on the dorsal surface,
6 lateral and 1 terminal posteriorly; the 2 anterior spots are often |
elongated posteriorly ; ventral surface of abdomen paler.
Carapace.—Surface moderately convex, and sloping fairly abruptly
posteriorly to the stria. Clypeus equal in depth to the diameter of an
anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—F¥ront row straight to very slightly procurved; laterals
larger than the medians. Posterior row recurved, wider than the
anterior row, and well separated from it ; eyes practically equidistant,
and the medians shghtly smaller than the laterals. Median ocular
area longer than wide, and narrower anteriorly.
Chelicera.—Inferior border with 2 teeth, superior border with 3
stout teeth ; fang strong and shghtly sinuous towards the base.
Sternum.—Shield-shaped ; breadth subequal to the length.
Legs.—Tarsus I moderately long and slender, densely scopulated
and spineless; metatarsus about the same length, slightly stouter,
and also scopulated and spineless; tibia sometimes with a few
scopular hairs anteriorly ; 2nd leg similar, but with 2 spines basally
on the under surface of the metatarsus, and no scopular hairs on the
The Drassidae of South Africa. 315
tibia. Tarsus III spineless, and with a scopula of more bristle-like
hairs; metatarsus strongly spined, longer and darker. Tarsus IV
with sparse scopular hairs laterally, and moderately stout bristles
centrally ; metatarsus long and strongly spined. All tarsi furnished
with fascicles ; claws small, the posterior ones being longer, but less
strongly toothed.
Pedipalps.—Tibia longer than the patella; tarsus subequal to the
patella and tibia, and bearing a strongly toothed apical claw; all
segments armed with spines, the femur bearing only 3-4 weak dorsal
spines distally.
Vulva.—As in fig. 41a.
$ Colour.—Slightly lighter than the Q.
Eyes.—As in 9; posterior medians slightly nearer to the laterals
than to each other.
Chelicera.—Very stout; fang long, stout, and slightly sinuate.
Inferior border of groove with 2 widely separated teeth, superior
border with 3-4 teeth.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate, but bearing no spines; metatarsus
slightly stouter and longer and bearing a few scopular hairs and stiff,
bristle-like hairs; similarly with the 2nd leg, but the scopulae are
more scanty, and the bristles on the metatarsus are more numerous ;
the latter has also 1 weak spine basally on the under surface.
Tarsus III slender, scopulate, and spineless, and about equal in
length to the metatarsus; metatarsus and tibia heavily spined.
Tarsus IV slender, bearing a very few scopular hairs, clothed with
sparse bristles and spineless; metatarsus 1} times as long as the
tarsus, and, together with the tibia, heavily spined.
Pedipalps.—Femur armed with 3 short distal spines on the dorsal
surface ; patella spineless; tibia, together with the patella, bearing
numerous long spiniform hairs; the former also with a finger-like
apical projection on the outer side; tarsus furnished with a dense
scopula on the anterior dorsal portion. (D. salisburii, Hewitt, is
similarly scopulated.) Palpal organ as in fig. 418.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 9 2-5 mm., § 2:1 mm. Total
length, 26 mm., g 5 mm.
This species occurs also in the following localities :—
Gt. Winterhoek Mts. at an altitude of 4000-5000 ft.; Tulbagh ;
R. W. Tucker, April 1916; 1 2 (B 2550). This specimen is almost
black in colour, and has the abdominal spots very small.
Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, at an altitude of about 3500 ft.; R. W.
Tucker, January 1917; 3 jv. specs. (B 2991).
21
316 Annals of the South African Museum.
Piquetberg Rd. Station, Tulbagh Div.; R. M. Lightfoot, August
1898; 1 © (3998); slightly lighter in colour, and with the abdominal
spots very faint; legs and dorsal surface of abdomen also bearing a
sparse clothing of orange-coloured hairs.
Berevleit, Diep River, Cape Flats; Dr. W. F. Purcell, July 1905 ;
1 2 (B 3343) ; spots on abdomen very faint.
St. James, C. Penins; Dr. W. F. Purcell, April 1901; 3 99 (9195).
Kalk Bay Mts., C. Penins; Dr. W. F. Purcell, February 1902; 2 gg
and 3 jv. 9° (12,311).
Hout Bay, C. Penins; Dr. W. F. Purcell, March 1898; 1 ¢ (4344),
1 jv. ¢ (B 1146); R. W. Tucker, April 1915.
Cape Town, EK. A. Morris, July 1898; 1 2 (4330), 1 2 (3081) ;
R. M. Lightfoot, September 1897. In both of these the abdominal
spots are inconspicuous.
Table Mt., Platteklip Ravine; R. W. Tucker, April 1915; 1 ¢
(B 1158); Dr. W. F. Purcell, April 1900, 1 2 (8563).
Table Mt., slopes in woods; R. W. Tucker, August 1915; 1 9
(B 2550). Similar in colour to the Tulbagh specimen.
Signal Hill, Cape Town; Dr. W. F. Purcell, May 1904; 1 9 (12,082) ;
July 1901, 1 2 (8974).
DRASSODELLA VASIVULVA, n. sp. (Fig. 42.)
Specumens.—1 9 (No. 876 type). Knysna. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, |
March 1906.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, slightly mottled with black,
only faintly bordered with white hairs, and with a sparse strip of white
hairs down the centre. Legs paler than the carapace and lighter
distally ; femora of Ist legs with lateral light patches. Dorsal surface
of abdomen brownish black, with a long anterior white stripe down
each side followed by a separate white spot; terminal white spot
inconspicuous ; ventral surface paler.
Carapace.—Clypeus subequal to the diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Eyes.—As in 7-maculata.
Chelicera.—Fang stout but not sinuous ; cheliceral groove long, and
superior border with 3 teeth, and inferior border with 2 smaller teeth.
Sternum.—Breadth subequal to the length.
Legs.—Tarsus, metatarsus, and anterior outer portion of tibia of
the Ist leg scopulate. Tarsus and metatarsus of 2nd leg scopulate,
the metatarsus bearing 2 basal spines on the undersurface. Tarsus III
The Drassidae of South Africa. 317
with a coarse scopula ; tarsus IV furnished with bristles on the under
surface.
Pedipalps.—Tarsus shorter than the tibia and patella.
Vulva.—As in fig. 42.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 25mm. Total length, 6 mm.
Gen. LEPTODRASSUS, Sim.
LEPTODRASSUS BERGENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 43.)
Specumens :—
2 992 (B 3475 types) Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, 4000 ft.
(R. W. Tucker, November 1917.)
ST Oas. 3536). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, 4000 ft. (R. W.
Tucker, December 1917.)
Colour.—Carapace, legs, and sternum yellowish brown; sternum
dark-edged. Abdomen greyish in colour, paler ventrally.
Eyes.—As in text-fig. 322, p. 355, Simon’s Hist. Nat. des Araign ;
posterior medians subangular, and larger than the laterals.
Chelicera.—Superior border indistinct and muticous; inferior
border dark, thickened along its entire length, and bearing 2 strong
teeth, of which the 2nd is larger and slightly curved.
Labium.—Slightly longer than broad, tapering anteriorly, and reach-
ing from 3—% the length of the maxillae, which are inclined inwards.
Sternum.—Shield-shaped, broad anteriorly, and produced in the
median portion to the base of the labium.
Legs.—Tarsi scopulate to the base and with bristly hairs intermixed ;
also bearing fascicles and strongly dentate claws; metatarsus I
bearing a few scopular hairs anteriorly and 2 basal spines on the under
surface; 2nd leg similar, but with fewer scopular hairs and with
more numerous spines. Legs in general hairy and moderately spined.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners close together, but short, stout, and
sub-cylindrical ; median spinners much slenderer, superior spinners
slightly longer and slenderer than the inferiors.
Vulva.—As in fig. 43. In the other specimens the vulva is dark
brown down the entire central length, and the lateral maraungs are
hidden by the darker colour of the surrounding tissue.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1-9 mm. Total length, 5-8 mm.
One other species of this genus is recorded from Northern Africa,
Leptodrassus scutatus (Sim.), Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., vol. iv, p. 262, from
oases of Biskra.
318
(10).
(19).
~ a
—-~ Ww Ww vw bo
2m (SS)
We)
Ih.
2.
3.
“1D Or
16.
lide
ID OH
(0/0)
bo bo bo bo bo
Ne)
Annals of the South African Museum.
ECHEMEAE.
Key to Genera.
Cephalothorax without median stria.
Labium 3 times as long as wide; maxillae longer. Anterior row of eyes
straight or nearly straight . : : . Sergiolus.
Labium scarcely twice as long as wide ; mallee broader basally, curving
inwards, and not greatly exceeding the length of the labium. Anterior
row of eyes procurved.
. Anterior median eyes much smaller than the laterals. Clypeus narrower
than the lateral eyes. : 5 . Setaphis(ad part).
. Anterior median eyes larger than ne Tneeealet
. Cephalothorax ovate. Clypeus wider than ananterioreye. Aphantaulax.
. Cephalothorax long and flat. Clypeus narrow, almost non-existent.
Ladissa.
. Cephalothorax with median stria.
. Posterior row of eyes procurved.
. Posterior medians round, equidistant from the laterals and from each
other, or nearer to the laterals ; smaller than the laterals.
. Abdomen with plumose hairs.
. Posterior row of eyes strongly procurved . ; : . Herpyllus.
3. Posterior row moderately procurved; median eyes larger than the
laterals : : ; : : 3 : . Trichothyse.
. Abdomen without plumes hairs.
. Clypeus twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye; labium slightly
longer than broad ; maxillae inclined inwards and broader anteriorly.
Epikurtomma.
Posterior median eyes oval or subangular, subcontiguous but separate
from the laterals; larger than the laterals, or at least not smaller
than them.
Posterior row of eyes moderately procurved.
. Anterior median eyes smaller than the laterals ; posterior medians larger
than the laterals, angular, and contiguous posteriorly. Metatarsi III
and IV each with apical comb of bristles; metatarsi usually not
scopulate . 5 ‘ . : - Camillina.
. Posterior row of eyes aan a eserreedl
. Posterior median eyes subcontiguous, but remote from the laterals.
Megamyrmecion.
. Posterior median eyes subcontiguous also to the laterals.
2. Posterior median and lateral eyes subequal.
3. Inferior border of chelicera strongly dentate.
. Inferior border of chelicera with 4 thick contiguous teeth, superior border
with 2-3 teeth . ; ; ; . Maniana.
. Inferior border of chelicera w an ly fentates
Superior border of chelicera minutely bidentate . ; . LHchemus.
. Superior border of chelicera with 5 teeth . s 3 . LEchemella.
. Posterior median eyes much larger than the laterals . Mulicymnis.
. Posterior row of eyes almost straight.
(43). 4
20)
ye Sue
. 40.
. 47.
. 48.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 319
Posterior row of eyes not, or scarcely, wider than the anterior row.
Posterior eyes equidistant from each other, or medians slightly further
from the laterals than from each other. Metatarsi III and IV bearing
each an apical comb of bristles : ; : Zelotes.
2. Posterior median eyes well separated from’ Baan other, but scarcely, or
not, separated from the laterals.
. Anterior eyes equal. Clypeus at least twice the diameter of an anterior
lateral eye.
. Maxillae broad at base and inclined inwards at apices . . Cesonia.
. Maxillae not curved inwards, straight, and enlarged anteriorly. Bonna.
. Anterior median eyes much smaller than the laterals. Clypeus narrower
than anterior eyes : : : Setaphis (ad part).
. Posterior row much wider than ike anterior row.
. Superior margin of chelicera short, transverse, and slightly emarginate ;
muticous or minutely dentate at a somewhat prominent angle.
. Cephalothorax wide in front, convex. Posterior row of eyes lightly pro-
curved; median eyes elongate, triquetrous, and close together.
Anterior or median eyes slightly larger than the rest . Phaeocedus.
Cephalothorax oval, strongly narrowed in front. Posterior row of eyes
lightly procurved, occasionally straight; median eyes round, widely
distant from each other. Median anterior eyes more or less larger than
the remainder.
. Maxillae short, curved inwards, broad at base, not carinate on inner
margin ; 5 j : ; Poecilochroa.
2. Maxillae resembling Pamponsac: long, ana carinate on inner margin.
Latonigena.
. Superior margin of chelicera very oblique, long, and armed with 2-3 teeth.
. Labium much longer than broad, and reaching to inner apices of maxillae.
. Sternum produced anteriorly. Posterior row of eyes slightly procurved.
Distance between lateral eyes slightly less than between anterior and
posterior median eyes.
. Lateral margin of maxillae narrowly keeled, surface depressed between
keels : 3 6 : : : : Diaphractus.
Maxillae not keoled. ; , : Scotophacus.
Sternum not produced anteriorly. Bosterioe row of eyes moderately to
strongly procurved; medians large, oblique, and close together.
Distance between lateral eyes much less than between anterior and
posterior medians 6 : . Xerophaeus.
. Labium not, or scarcely, longer ‘than Prat ad wit aubdeding + the length
of the maxillae . : : 3 : ‘ . . Micythus.
Subsequent to the compilation of this key, reference to Bank’s
genus Drassinella was found in Proc. Californian Acad. of Sciences,
3 ser., vol. 1, 1904, p. 335.
From the account given, the genus is allied to, and should fit in
near, Poecilochroa.
Of the other genera, Sergiolus, Herpyllus, Mulicymnis, Cesonaa,
320 Annals of the South African Museum.
Bonna, Micythus, Phaeocedus, do not occur in Africa at all, and
Ladissa, Echemella, and Maniana are only recorded north of the
region here dealt with.
Gen. SETAPHIS, Simon.
Key to Species.
Females.
(8). 1. Superior border of chelicera with 3 or less teeth, inferior border muticous.
. Posterior row of eyes straight. Length of carapace equal to ee meta-
tarsus, and $ or more tarsus I, and to metatarsus and over } tarsus IV.
(4). 3. Posterior median eyes 15 or more long diameters apart . bilinearis.
—
oI
—
bo
(3). 4. Posterior median eyes less than 1} long diameters apart.
(6). 5. Clypeus equal to or less than diameter of anterior lateral eye. Vulva
with anterior dark crescent . : : bechuanica.
(5). 6. Clypeus greater than diameter of terion ieee eye. Vulva without
anterior dark crescent . : : : : ; . calviniensis.
2 . Posterior row of eyes procurved : ; j . anchoralis.
(1). 8. Superior border of chelicera with more than 3 iene inferior border with
1 denticle (or more).
(11). 9. Posterior row straight.
10. Posterior medians less than 1$ long diameters apart; metatarsus IT
bearing spines on under surface. : ; : bulawayensis.
(9). 11. Posterior row procurved.
12. Posterior medians 1} or more diameters apart. Metatarsus II not
spined : : : : : : : ; : arcus.
Males.
(4). 1. Superior border of chelicera with 3 or less teeth ; inferior border with 0.
Length of carapace equal to or less than tibia and metatarsus I, and
equal to metatarsus and $ or more tarsus IV.
3). 2. Posterior median eyes less than 13 long diameters apart . bechuanica.
(2). 3. Posterior median eyes over 14 diameters apart . : . _ lightfooti.
(1). 4. Superior border of chelicera with more than 3 teeth ; inferior border with
1 (or more) denticles. Length of carapace greater than tibia and
metatarsus I, and less than $tarsusI . 3 ; . calviniensis.
SETAPHIS ANCHORALIS, Pure.
1908. S. anchoralis. Purcell in Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise
in Sudafrika, vol. i, p. 240, pl. xi, fig. 27.
One 2 from Luderitz Bay (Angra Pequena), Gt. Namaqualand.
January 1904.
Colour.—Cephalothorax brown, sparsely clothed with black hairs,
densely covered with fine infuscated dots, the head with a fine, double,
The Drassidae of South Africa. 321
median black stripe; the femora of all the legs, the patellae, and
trochanters of the 2 anterior pairs and the tibia of the Ist pair more or
less deeply infuscated, the remaining segments pale yellow ; chelicera
reddish brown with infuscate lines ; sternum ochraceous in the middle,
infuscated at the sides ; abdomen coloured as in S. bechuanica, Purc.,
except that the 2 posterior white spots are absent.
Cephalothorax.—Broad in front, the cephalic region considerably
elevated. Ocular area remote from anterior margin, the clypeus being
more than twice the width of an anterior lateral eye ; anterior row of
eyes procurved, the lateral eyes rather small, but larger than the
medians and quite close to them; posterior row of eyes distinctly a
little wider than the anterior row, slightly procurved, the lateral eyes
slightly smaller than the anterior laterals, the medians very small,
subrotund, much nearer to the laterals than to each other.
Chelicera.—Robust, with | large and 2 smaller teeth on the superior
margin, but no inferior tooth ; the claw very stout and strong.
Legs.—ist pair not spined, the tarsus and metatarsus scopulate
below, 2nd pair with an outer row of 2 long spines below ; metatarsus
III with a dense distal tuft of black hairs, [V with a small tuft at apex
below.
Abdomen.—Rather broad posteriorly, with deep median groove in
front, the anterior end appearing emarginate.
Vulva.—As in pl. xi, fig. 27, loc. cit. ; very like that of S. bechuanica,
Pure.; the fovea longitudinal and close to the 2 spherical brown
bodies.
Length of cephalothorax and abdomen 6 mm.
This species is very abnormal, and may perhaps form a different
genus.
SETAPHIS ARCUS, n. sp. (Fig. 44.)
Specimens :—
1 2 (150,665). Warmbaths, Transvaal. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
September 1905.) ;
2 22 (B 3683). Junction, Marico and Crocodile Rivers, N.W.
Transvaal. (R. W. Tucker, February 1918.)
1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). Queenstown. (G. Rattray.)
Colour.—-As in calviniensis, etc.; carapace and legs scarcely
infuscated.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia, metatarsus, and 4-3 tarsus I, and
to metatarsus and at least 4 tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—Scarcely half as wide as an anterior lateral eye.
322 Annals of the South African Museum.
Eyes.—Posterior row moderately procurved ; medians smaller than
the laterals, and 14 diameters from each other and } diameter from
laterals.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth; inferior border with 1
blunt denticle.
Legs.—As in calviniensis. Tibia I without scopula or spines.
Metatarsus III with strong apical comb; metatarsus IV with a small
median apical comb.
Vulva.—As in fig. 44.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-2 mm. Total length,
5-8 mm.
Specimens recorded under B 3683, N.W. Transvaal, are very much
darker than the type; the carapaces are strongly infuscated, and
the legs are marked with broad longitudinal dark bands as far as the
metatarsi. Abdominal white marks also appear smaller. Vulvae
also are dark brown in colour, so that the bow-like markings are
somewhat obscured.
SETAPHIS BECHUANICA, Pure. (Fig. 45.)
1908. S. bechuanica. Purcell in Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise
in Sudafrika, vol. i, p. 240, pl. xi, fig. 26, 9.
Specimens :—
1 Q (150, 604, ex typis). Bonce, Kalahari. (L. Schultze,
January 1905.)
1 @ and 1 3 (B 5003). Otjituo, 8.W. Prot. (R. W. Tucker,
January 1920.)
2 Carapace.—Length equal to or exceeding metatarsus and tarsus
IV, and equal or subequal to tibia and metatarsus IV; also equal to
tibia, metatarsus, and $—3 tarsus I.
Clypeus.—Kqual to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Posterior row straight ; medians only slightly smaller than
the laterals, just over a diameter apart, and 4 a diameter from the
laterals. Median ocular area broader than long, wider posteriorly.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 2 very large teeth, inferior
muticous.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate and spineless; tibia I with no scopula
andspineless. Metatarsus III witha strong apical comb, IV with none.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 mm.
3 Colour.—Carapace orange brown, slightly infuscated anteriorly
and laterally; femora and often patellae of legs olivaceous black,
The Drassidae of South Africa. 323
distal portion medium brown. Abdomen testaceous dorsally and
ventrally ; sparsely clothed with dark hairs and bearing a small brown
scutum dorsally. Spinners olivaceous black. Sternum, mouth-parts,
etc., orange brown.
Carapace.—Length subequal to tibia and metatarsus I and to
metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row procurved; laterals a little larger than the
medians and touching them. Posterior row straight, medians
oblique, a long diameter apart ; laterals not greatly larger, and about
a short diameter from the medians, and nearly touching and equal in
size to the anterior laterals. Median ocular area slightly longer than
broad, much broader posteriorly.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth ; inferior muticous.
Clypeus.—Less than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate; metatarsus with 2 pairs of spines on
the under surface. Tibia also with 2 pairs of fine spines. Tarsus II
with fewer scopular hairs and more bristles on the under surface ; also
with 2 pairs of strong spines on the under surface. Tarsi III and IV
not scopulate, but clothed with stout bristles; metatarsi heavily
spined ; metatarsus III with no apical comb; IV with a weak apical
comb on inner side. No fasciculi on tarsi.
Pedipalps.—-As in fig. 45.
Measurements.—Carapace, 1:8 mm. Total length, 4-5 mm.
SETAPHIS BILINEARIS, n. sp. (Fig. 46.)
Specimens :—
1 9 (11,852 type). Hanover. (8. C. Schreiner, March 1902.)
1 9 (11,848). Hanover. (8S. C. Schreiner, February 1902.)
1 2 (9981). Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner, January 1902.)
1 2 (B 4229). Pemba, 8. Rhodesia. (Fr. Casset, November
1918.)
1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). Steytlerville. (Miss B. Geard,
December 1916.)
Colour.—As in calviniensis ; femora III and IV are, however, only
infuscated apically, the basal portions being pale.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia, metatarsus, and } tarsus I, and to
metatarsus and ? tarsus IV.
Eyes.—As in description of calviniensis, the anterior row being ©
shghtly wider and less procurved, and the posterior row straight to
procurved ; posterior medians smaller than laterals, 2 diameters apart,
324 Annals of the South African Museum.
less than $ a diameter from the laterals. Median ocular area longer
than broad, broader posteriorly.
Clypeus.—About equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border muticous.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II moderately scopulate; III and IV bearing
stout bristly hairs on the under surface. Metatarsi I and II spineless
and sparsely scopulate. Tibia I without spines or scopula. Metatarsi
III and IV well spined; III bearing distinct apical comb, IV with
comb faint or absent.
Vulva.—As in fig. 46; in the other specimens from Hanover the
two median lines are not so clearly defined as in the type.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5-5 mm.
SETAPHIS BULAWAYENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 48.)
Specumens :—
1 2 (B 3306 type). Bulawayo, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W. Tucker,
May 1917.)
1 2 (B 3885). Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown, with almost black border and
mottled towards the centre. Coxae of legs pale ; anterior legs as far as
patellae dark brown and infuscated, metatarsi and tarsi light brown ;
femora of remaining legs slightly infuscated, otherwise legs pale brown.
Abdomen black dorsally, with an anterior lateral spot, faintly con-
nected with a large median lateral spot, on each side. Diffuse light
spot on each side of the under surface, meeting midway between the
vulva and spinners. Sternum, mouth-parts, etc., medium brown.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I, and to
metatarsus and § tarsus IV.
Hyes.—As in description of calviniensis. Posterior row straight ;
median eyes inclined inwards, smaller than the laterals, less than
a long diameter from each other, and a short diameter from the
laterals.
Clypeus.—Nearly equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, the 2 central ones larger ;
inferior border with | small denticle near base of fang.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II lightly scopulate ; tarsi II] and IV clothed
with bristles on the under surface. Metatarsus I with a few scopular
hairs anteriorly; tibia I without spines; metatarsus II with no
scopular hairs and | basal spine on the inner side of the under
surface ; metatarsus III well spined, and with a slight comb of bristles
The Drassidae of South Africa. 325
apically on the under surface ; metatarsus IV more heavily spined ;
also with a sparse, irregular comb of bristles on inner side.
Vulva.—As in fig. 48.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 mm. Total length, 5 mm.
SETAPHIS CALVINIENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 47, a and B.)
Specimens.—2 §g and 1 9 (13,200 types). Calvinia. (C. French,
January 1903.)
2 Colour.—Carapace reddish brown, infuscated marginally; legs
brown, slightly paler distally, femora and patellae infuscated.
Abdomen brownish black, with 2 small anterior and 2 larger median
light spots on the dorsal surface ; the median spots extend laterally,
each nearly meeting a large ventro-lateral white spot. Sternum,
mouth-parts, etc., reddish brown; coxae lighter brown.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia, metatarsus, and } tarsus I, and to
metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Anterior row compact and strongly procurved; medians
slightly smaller than the laterals; posterior row scarcely wider,
straight to slightly recurved ; medians much smaller than the laterals,
slightly inclined inwards, more than a long diameter from each other,
and 4 a long diameter from the laterals. Median ocular area longer
than wide and wider posteriorly.
Clypeus.—Very slightly wider than an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border muticous.
Labium.—Long and paraliel-sided, rounded anteriorly, and just sur-
passing the inner apices of the maxillae; central portion raised and
separated from the margins by a slight groove.
Legs.—Tarsi and metatarsi J and II scopulate but bearing no spines,
tibia I with no spines or scopula ; tarsi III and IV without scopulae,
but clothed on the under surface with stout bristles ; rest of legs IIT
and IV heavily spined; metatarsus III with a strong apical comb ;
metatarsus IV with a few setae arranged comb-fashion.
Vulva.—aAs in fig. 474.
$ Colour.—-As in 9.
Carapace.—Leneth slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I, and
equal to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 2-3 teeth, inferior border
with 0-1.
Labium.—As in 8.
Hyes.—Posterior row very slightly procurved, medians subrotund,
326 Annals of the South African Museum.
very slightly inclined inwards, 14 diameters from each other, and
barely 1 diameter from laterals.
Legs.—As in 9, save that the scopulation of the metatarsi is not so
complete; tibia I spineless. The 3rd metatarsi bear a comb of bristles
similar to, but less distinct than, those of Prosthesima ; metatarsus IV
bears a few comb-like bristles.
Pedipalps.—Tibia small, bearing blunt outer apical projection as
in fig. 47B.
Palpal organ as in fig. 47B.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, ¢ 24 mm.,23 mm. Total
length, g 5-8 mm., 9 7-4 mm.
SETAPHIS LIGHTFOOTI, n. sp. (Fig. 49.)
Specimens.—1 ¢g (B 4642 type). Otavi, 8.W. Prot. (R. M. Light-
foot, December 1918.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown with black margin and infuscation
extending from border towards the centre. Coxae of legs orange
coloured, femora nearly black, remainder of legs lighter and becoming
orange brown distally ; patellae of anterior legs somewhat infuscated.
Abdomen with a testaceous U-shaped band occupying almost all the
dorsal surface save for central and lateral dark portions; ventral
surface almost entirely occupied by a large testaceous mark. Sternum
pale brown.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and metatarsus I, and to meta-
tarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians smaller than the laterals and close to them.
Posterior row straight, medians much smaller than the laterals,
subrotund, only slightly inclined inwards, 14 diameters apart, and 1
diameter from the laterals ; posterior laterals smaller than the anterior
laterals.
Clypeus.—Less than 4 the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 stout teeth; inferior border
muticous.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate ; metatarsus bearing a very few scopular
hairs anteriorly, and 2 median and 2 basal spines; tibia with 2
anterior, 2 median, and 2 basal fine spines ; 2nd leg similar, the spines
being longer. Tarsus III bearing bristly hairs only on the under
surface ; metatarsus with a distinct apical comb on the under surface ;
also bearing spines and bristles; 4th leg similar, but metatarsal comb
sparse, lateral, and indistinct ; posterior tarsal claws longer and more
strongly toothed than the anterior.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 327
Pedipalps.—Tibia slightly shorter than the patella and armed on
the outer apex with a stout projection ; tarsus spoon-shaped, palpal
organ as in fig. 49.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1:3 mm. Total length,
4-9 mm.
SETAPHIS SEXMACULATA, Sim.
1893. S. sexmaculata. Simonin Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., vol. lxui, p. 310,
2 and 3.
“g. Length, 5-6 mm.
‘* Cephalothorax dark reddish, black margined, finely coriaceous, and
sparsely clothed with long appressed silky-white hairs, thoracic stria
fairly long. Anterior row of eyes strongly procurved, medians at
least } smaller than the laterals. Posterior median eyes elongate and
oblique, further from each other than from the laterals.
“ Chelicera.—Mouth-parts and sternum dark reddish; smooth,
sparsely and finely punctate and pilose.
“ Abdomen.—Narrow, and long oblong, smooth, black, and
glittering ; ornamented with 2 anterior round spots, and nearer middle
with 2 larger transverse spots; underneath surface with larger oval,
longitudinal spots, extending up outer side ; all white, neat, and clean
white haired.
‘* [Legs.—Pale; femora (anterior ones almost to base, posterior ones
only at apices), patellae, and tibiae well marked with black, and
slightly banded; anterior tibiae almost black, remainder somewhat
long and strongly haired. Ist pair of legs entirely muticous; 2nd
pair sometimes bearing 2 basal spines on metatarsus. Posterior legs
strongly spined. Anterior tarsi and metatarsi sparsely scopulate,
posterior tarsi neither scopulate nor fasciculate, but with strong hairs
on the under surface.
“ Pedipalps.—Dark reddish, patellae lighter; femora strong,
patellae slightly longer than broad; tibia longer than patellae, and
bearing an apical projection which is longer than the joint directed
apically forward, pointed, and curved upwards. Tarsus and bulb
large and convex.
oon ournilar tore.
“ Vulva.—Vulval area bearing an anterior transverse semicircular
depression, and posteriorly with smooth red or black plagula, convex
on each side, and grooved in centre.
“ Locality.—South Africa, Kimberley and Vryburg. (KE. Simon.) ”’
328 Annals of the South African Museum.
Gen. APHANTAULAX, Simon.
Key to $3 Species.
(4). 1. Tarsi and metatarsi of anterior pair of legs well scopulate.
(3). 2. Tibia of pedipalp with small outer apical projection : : inornata.
(2). 3. Tibia with an apical and subapical spur dorsally . : . stationts.
(1). 4. Tarsi and metatarsi of anterior pair of legs sparsely scopulate . australis.
The two 99 described are easily separable by their vulvae.
APHANTAULAX AUSTRALIS, Sim.
1893. A. australis. Simon in Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., vol. lxii, p. 309.
ce
gS. Length, 5 mm.
“ Cephalothorax.—Blackish, smooth, and shiny; furnished above
with broad median band of long whitish hairs.
“ Hyes.—Posterior eyes small, equal, flat, and in a straight line;
medians more remote from each other than from the laterals, and often
3 times their width apart. Anterior row strongly procurved, medians
twice as large as the laterals, separate from each other, but touching
the laterals.
“ Clypeus.—At least 3 times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
‘““ Abdomen.—Oblong, rounded anteriorly, posteriorly obtusely
truncate; dorsal surface hard, black, and shiny, cinereo-pubescent ; _
furnished anteriorly with large spots, and near middle on each side
with transversely elongate spots, and posteriorly above spinners with
a transversely elongate spot, all ornamented with white hairs ; under
surface dark testaceous.
“* Sternum.—Shiny black.
“* Tegs.—Legs black, with fairly long hairs; metatarsi and tarsi
slightly lighter and olivaceous. ‘Tibiae of Ist pair of legs, with 1
spine, near centre of interior margin, and with 1 basal interior spine
on under surface. Four anterior metatarsi with 2 spines near base.
Scopulae long and sparse.
“ Pedipalps.—Fairly robust and short, olivaceous. Patellae slightly
longer than broad, tibia slightly shorter than patellae, not narrower,
almost quadrilateral, furnished on outer apex with a process which is
scarcely shorter than the joint, directed straight forward, somewhat
thicker at the base, and sharply pointed at the apex. Tarsus narrow
oval, subterete ; bulb long and simple.
** Locality.—South Africa, Port Elizabeth.”
The Drassidae of South Africa. 329
APHANTAULAX INORNATA, n. Sp. (Fig. 50.)
Specimens :—
1 3 (B 3258 type). Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W. Tucker,
April 1917.)
1 S$ (B 4298). Kaapmuiden, E. Transvaal. (R. W. Tucker,
November 1918.)
le 13620)... Mochudi Bech. Protas (Ras We “Lucker
January 1918.)
1 S$ (B 2619). Hout Bay Mts., C. Penins. (R. W. Tucker,
October 1916.)
1 3 (9982). Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner, January 1902.)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown, almost completely mottled black.
Abdomen black, with slight anterior lateral patches and more con-
spicuous median light patches covered with white hair, or obscured by
brownish-black dorsal scutum. Distal portion of legs, especially
tarsi, lighter.
Eyes.—Anterior row procurved, medians over a diameter apart, and
nearly touching the laterals. Posterior row wider and straight ;
median ocular area longer than wide, scarcely wider posteriorly.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate laterally almost to base, and with 2
sub-basal spines; second metatarsus similar. Tarsus III with a few
scopular hairs and numerous bristles; tarsus IV without scopular
hairs. All tarsi fasciculate.
Spinners.—Tubules retracted and indeterminable.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 50. Tibia with small outer
apical projection.
Measurements.—Carapace, 1:9 mm. Total length, 4 mm.
APHANTAULAX SIGNICOLLIS, n. sp. (Fig. 51.)
Specimens :—
4 99 (11,934 types). Vlag Kop, Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner,
February 1902.)
2 (980). Durban, Natal. (J. P. Cregoe, October 1896.)
2 (7873). Umtata, C. Province. (Miss Pegler, 1900.)
2 (5278). Dunbrody. (Fr. J. O’Neil, 1899.)
2 (B 4384). Acornhoek, E. Transv., Low Veld. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1918.)
Colour.—Carapace very dark brown, almost black; legs similar in
colour proximally, dull red brown distally. Abdomen brownish
black, with 2 small oblique testaceous spots anteriorly, and 2 long
1
1
1
1
330 Annals of the South African Museum.
narrow oblique spots medially, the latter extending almost to the
ventral surface ; dull testaceous mark centrally on the ventral surface.
Eyes.—-Anterior row compact and procurved; medians about a
diameter apart, larger than the laterals. Posterior row straight,
slightly wider than the anterior row, and well separated from it ;
medians smaller than the laterals, flat, and nearer to them than to each
other. Median ocular area longer than wide and wider posteriorly.
Clypeus considerably wider than the diameter of an anterior eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border bearing one moderately stout apical
tooth, and apparently a smaller one at its base. Inferior border
apparently muticous.
Legs.—Tarsi and metatarsi I and IT strongly scopulate ; metatarsus
I with 1 and metatarsus II with 2 basal spines on the under surface.
Tarsi III and IV scopulate; metatarsi scopulate anteriorly and
laterally and bearing numerous spines. Tarsi bearing moderate
fascicles and strongly dentate claws.
Vulva.—As in fig. 51.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,3-2 mm: Total length, 8-5 mm.
1 2 (7859), E. London (J. Wood, 1899), appears to belong to this
species ; it is apparently freshly moulted, but the general plan of
vulva is as in fig. 51. This and the specimen from Umtata have
also a light band dorsally on abdomen anterior to spinners.
1 2 (B 3213). Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W. Tucker, April 1917.)
1 2 (B 4274). Kaapmuiden, E. Transv., Low Veld. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1918.)
APHANTAULAX STATIONIS, n. sp. (Fig. 52, a and B.)
Specimens :—
5 99 (12,222 types). Hout Bay, C: Penins: ” (Dr Wogk:
Purcell, November 1901.)
1 2 (B 3483). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, 4000 ft. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1917.)
1 2 (5959). Cape Town. (R. M. Lightfoot, December 1899.)
1 2 (12,920). Willowmore. (J. Brauns, 1903.)
1 3 and 1 9 ju. (B 3662). Mochudi, Bechuanaland Prot.
(R. W. Tucker, February 1918.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown with darker mottling; femora
similar in colour, but legs, especially anterior pairs, lighter from
patellae onwards. Abdomen marked as in signicollis; testaceous
lines in unrubbed specimens are clothed with white hairs.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 331
Eyes.—-Anterior medians less than a diameter apart, and noticeably
larger than the laterals. Posterior row lightly procurved, laterals
about 14 diameters from the anterior laterals.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 1 medium-sized and 1 small tooth
apically. Inferior border apparently muticous.
Legs.—Comparatively long and slender; tarsi densely scopulate
and slightly curved. Metatarsi I and II scopulate to the base and
bearing 1—2 fine spines basally ; metatarsi III and IV bearing only a
few scopular hairs, and moderately spined. Fascicles and tarsal
claws short.
Vulva.—As in fig. 52a.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,2 mm. Total length, 4-5 mm.
$. Described from (B 1527).
Colour.—Similar to 2; white spots on abdomen much less distinct,
anterior ones being practically absent; abdomen with transverse
depression medially.
Hyes.—Anterior row procurved, medians a little larger than the
laterals; latter about 4 a diameter from the posterior laterals.
Posterior row slightly procurved; medians oval and somewhat
oblique, about 3 diameters apart and 1-14 diameters from the laterals,
which are slightly larger. Clypeus about 14 times the diameter of
an anterior lateral.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 1 tooth.
Legs.—Longer and slenderer than in the 9. Tarsi scopulate, except
the 4th tarsi, which are clothed with fine bristles ; metatarsi I and II
sparsely scopulate and spineless; metatarsi III and IV without
scopular hairs, but well spined ; metatarsi much longer than the tarsi.
Tarsal fascicles small, tarsal claws finely dentate.
Pedipalps.—Tibia slightly longer than patella, and bearing an
apical and a subapical spur dorsally; tarsus long and tapering
anteriorly. Palpal organ as in fig. 52B.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 mm. Total length, 4-1 mm.
Other specimens :—
1 9 (12,051). Signal Hill, Cape Town. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
1900.)
1 2 (5925). Plumstead, Cape Flats. (J. Faure, October—
December 1899.)
1 ¢ (12,605). Ashton. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November 1902.)
1 $(B 1527). Worcester. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November 1905.)
Also $3 from Cape Peninsula and Matroosberg Mts,
1 $ (B 4745). Montagu. (R. W. Tucker, November 1919.)
22
332 Annais of the South African Museum.
TRICHOTHYSE, n. gen.
Cephalothorax oval, convex, narrowing anteriorly ; thoracic stria
small. Anterior row of eyes close together ; medians large and round,
narrowly separated, and touching the laterals, which are much smaller
and oval. Clypeus narrow, equal to short diameter of lateral eye.
Posterior row of eyes procurved, scarcely wider than anterior row ;
medians subrotund, about a diameter apart, and slightly more from
the laterals, which are a little larger and subequal to the anterior
laterals, from which they are less than a diameter distant.
Chelicera moderately long and tapering gradually anteriorly.
Superior margin armed with a small tooth below inner apex and a
large tooth at apex, the outer border of which is continued as a keel-
like projection of the superior margin. Inferior margin with one
minute denticle towards the centre. Sternum oval, longer than
broad, and extending between the coxae of the first pair of legs.
Labium extending } length of the maxillae, longer than broad, and
somewhat laminated laterally towards the apex. Maxillae laminated
on inner border, external apices dilated. Legs stout and well spined ;
all tarsi scopulate and fasciculate. Abdomen clothed in part with
plumose hairs. Genus allied to Poecilochroa and Herpyllus. Type,
T. hortensis.
TRICHOTHYSE HORTENSIS, n. sp. (Hig. 53.)
Specumens.—2 929 (B 5072 types). Waterberg Mts., S.W. Africa
Prot. (R. W. Tucker, February 1920.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, legs a little lighter; abdomen
dull testaceous, uniformly infuscated dorsally and laterally. Sternum
medium brown, coxae pale.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I, and
to metatarsus and tarsus I.
Eyes and chelicera as in generic description.
Legs.—Metatarsus I densely scopulate, tibia with lateral scopula
extending § of under surface ; metatarsus with 1 basal and tibia with
1 apical spine ; 2nd leg similar, but without scopula on tibia. Meta-
tarsus III scopulate nearly to base,and heavily spined. Metatarsus IV
without scopula, but very heavily spined.
Vulva.—As in fig. 53.
Measurements. — Length of carapace, 38 mm. Total length,
8-8 mm.
The Drassidae of South Africa
Co
co
Co
EPIKURTOMMA, N. gen.
Carapace long oval, narrower anteriorly; surface moderately
convex, stria small and inconspicuous. Anterior row of eyes fairly
strongly procurved ; medians about a diameter apart, slightly smaller
than the laterals, and close to them. Posterior row wider, lightly
procurved, and moderately removed from the anterior row ; medians
about 2 diameters apart, slightly smaller than the laterals and less
than a diameter from them. Posterior laterals subequal to the
anterior laterals and 14 diameters from them. Clypeus over twice
the diameter of an anterior lateral eye. Labium slightly longer than
broad, tapering anteriorly, and surpassing the half-leneth of the
maxillae; latter slightly inclined inwards and somewhat broader
anteriorly. Chelicera bearing 2 teeth on superior border and | tooth
on inferior border. Legs long and moderately slender; tarsi and
anterior metatarsi scopulate. Inferior spinners short and cylindrical,
superior and median spinners slenderer. This genus is allied to
Setaphis and Cesonia.
EPIKURTOMMA BEAUFORTIA, n. sp. (Fig. 54.)
Specimens.—1 9 (B 1638 type). Beaufort West. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, October 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace golden brown, with slightly darker radiate
markings; legs a little darker. Abdomen dull brown, with a narrow
oblique white stripe medially on each side, and a thin central stripe
running thence to the spinners ; the lateral stripes extend to the ventral
surface, where they broaden out and merge with the light under
surface; slight trace also of anterior lateral marks on the dorsal
surface.
Eyes.—As in generic description.
Chelicera, Labium, etc.—As in generic description.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I scopulate to the base and spineless ;
tibia I also slightly scopulate anteriorly ; 2nd leg similar. Tarsus III
scopulate ; metatarsus bearing bristly hairs, together with a few
scopular hairs, and armed with 2 apical, 2 median, and 2 basal spines.
Tibia similarly armed; 4th leg similar, metatarsus much longer and
bearing more numerous spines. ‘Tarsal claws very small, the posterior
ones being apparently muticous ; tarsi also bearing slight fascicles.
Vulva.—As in fig. 54.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5 mm.
334 Annals of the South African Museum.
CamILLINA, Berland.
Among the South African species described as Melanophora by
Purcell, were included certain forms which differed in eye formation,
colour, etc., to the usual forms.
One such specimen was later described by Tullgren as a new genus,
Camilla, one of the main characters of the genus being a metatarsal
comb on legs III and IV. This I found to be common to all the
South African species of Zelotes (Melanophora), and also to those of
Setaphis, although not so strongly marked in the latter genus. Shortly
afterwards a paper by L. Berland in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., 1919, No. 6,
notes the same fact with regard to Zelotes, and describes and illustrates
the form, function, and occurrence of this comb most admirably.
Also, he proposes the name Camullina for the reception of species such
as that described by Tullgren, owing to the pre-occupation of the name
Camilla given to them by that author.
Under Camullina, therefore, are described species which differ from
Zelotes as follows :—
Colour light brown, abdomen often testaceous. Anterior row of
eyes, seen from in front, procurved ; laterals larger than the medians.
Posterior row, seen from above, distinctly procurved ; median eyes
larger than the laterals, angular, and contiguous posteriorly. Sternum
narrower and more oval, and from 14-12 times as long as broad ;
about 14 times as broad at the point of greatest width as anteriorly ;
sometimes slightly produced or narrowed anteriorly. Metatarsi III
and IV with apical combs of long bristles usually on under surface.
Gen. CAMILLINA, Berland.
Syn. Camila. Tullgren in Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedi-
tion, vol. i11, pt. 20: 6, p. 105, pl. i, fig. 16B.
Key to Species.
(10). 1. Carapace equal to length of metatarsus and tarsus IV.
(8). 2. Carapace equal in length to tibia, metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus I.
(6). 3. Posterior median eyes long oblong, strongly inclined outwards.
(5). 4. Metatarsus I scopulate and spineless ; é ; - corrugata.
(4). 5. Metatarsus I not scopulate, and also spineless. : . arida.
(3). 6. Posterior median eyes subrotund, and only je inclined outwards.
7. Metatarsus I scopulate and spineless . . aestus.
(2). 8. Length of carapace not exceeding tibia and metatarsus I.
9. Metatarsus I not scopulate, but with a line of fine bristle-like spines and
2 subbasal spines on under-surface A 5 - . postrema (3).
The Drassidae of South Africa. 305
(1). 10. Carapace equal in length to metatarsus and more than } but less than the
whole of tarsus IV.
(12). 11. Carapace less in length than tibia and metatarsus Il . acanthognathus.
(11). 12. Carapace equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I.
(16). 13. Metatarsus I scopulate anteriorly.
(15). 14. Metatarsus I spineless; superior es of chelicera with 4 teeth,
inferior margin with 2 . : - amnicola.
(14). 15. Metatarsus I with 2 lines of setae andl? 2 spines on under surface. Superior
margin of chelicera with 5-6 teeth, inferior with 2-3 3 biplagia.
(13). 16. Metatarsus I not scopulate.
(18). 17. Length of sternum slightly greater than the greatest width . _cordifera.
(17). 18. Length of sternum about 1} times greatest width.
(24). 19. Posterior median eyes long oblong, and strongly inclined outwards.
(21). 20. Vulva with large posterior circula plagula not connected with anterior
structure . : : : luteus.
(20). 21. Vulva with posterior creas Situs sonnoored with anterior structure.
(23). 22. Carapace equal in length to metatarsus and 2 tarsus IV - procurva.
(22). 23. Carapace equal in length to metatarsus and | tarsus [V : brownt.
(19). 24. Posterior median eyes subrotund and only slightly inclined outwards.
Setosus.
CAMILLINA ACANTHOGNATHUS, Pure.
1907. Melanophora acanthognathus. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7,
vol. xx, pl. xv, fig. 66, p. 333.
Specimens.—1 9 (14,197 type). Bergvliet, Cape Flats. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, September 1901.)
Colour.—Femur I with no light patch on inner surface.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I and to meta-
tarsus and $ tarsus IV.
Mqrene era ereater than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 3 teeth, inferior muticous and
apparently slightly keeled.
Sternum.—Length equal to 1} times greatest width.
Legs.—Metatarsus I without scopular hairs, but with bristles down
the centre and 2 basal spines. Strong apical combs on metatarsi
III and IV.
Spinners.—Bearing 5 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 66, loc.cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3 mm.
CAMILLINA AESTUS, n. sp. (Fig. 55.)
Specomens.—1 9 (B 2135 type). Nomptsas, 8.W. Africa. (R. W.
Tucker, December 23, 1915.) Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition.
Colour.—Cephalothorax medium brown, and infuscated ; abdomen
336 Annals of the South African Museum.
pallid and infuscated or clothed with dark hairs above; legs and
sternum light brown.
Cephalothorax.—Narrowing fairly gradually anteriorly; median
stria deep and with dark lines radiating from it ; surface bearing sparse
stiff hairs ; clypeus narrower than diameter of anterior lateral eyes.
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV, and to tibia,
metatarsus, and tarsus I.
Eyes.—Seen from in front, the anterior row is well procurved ; the
lateral eyes larger than the medians and nearly touching them.
Posterior row seen from above is straight to shghtly procurved and
wider than the anterior row; medians larger than the anterior
medians, subangular, irridescent white in colour, and set obliquely
so that they are nearly touching posteriorly, but anteriorly are
equidistant from each other and from the laterals; the latter are
smaller or subequal to them in area. Median ocular area parallel-
sided and longer than wide.
Sternum.—Oval, and 14 times as long as broad.
Chelicera.—With 1 tooth on the inferior margin, and 2-3 small
teeth further along the groove on the superior margin.
Legs.—Metatarsus I sparsely scopulate and with 1 median and 1
inner basal spine on the under surface, and | basal spine on the inner
surface. Posterior legs strongly spined; tarsus III bearing dense
stout bristles on the under surface; metatarsus III with still coarser
bristles anteriorly, and a strong comb apically; [Vth leg with less
bristles, and a slight comb on the inner apex of the metatarsus.
Vwyea.—As in fig. 55; similar to P. corrugata, Purc.
Measurements.—Length, 6 mm.
No. B 2050, 9, from Bull’s Poorte, S.W. Africa (R. W. Tucker,
December 27, 1915), appears referable to this species.
CAMILLINA AMNICOLA, n. sp. (Fig. 56, a and B.)
Specimens :—
2 92 (B 3702 type, and B 3715). Junction Crocodile and
Marico Rivers, N.W. Transvaal. (R. W. Tucker, January-
February 1918.)
1 $ (B 3087). Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W. Tucker, April
1917.)
2 Colour.—Carapace orange brown; abdomen dull testaceous,
clothed with sparse black hairs; sternum and mouth parts dark
reddish brown: coxae lighter, legs similar to carapace in colour.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 337
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV, and to
tibia and 2 metatarsus I.
Hyes.—Seen from above, both rows are straight to slightly pro-
curved; anterior medians smaller than the laterals. Posterior
laterals subequal to the anterior laterals, posterior medians sub-
rotund, not quite touching posteriorly, and slightly inclined outwards ;
nearly touching laterals, which are not greatly smaller. Clypeus
slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum.—Length 14 times greatest width.
Chelicera.—Inferior border with 2 teeth, superior border with 4.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5 apical tubules.
Legs.—Tarsus I spineless ; scopula of club-shaped hairs reaching to
the base; metatarsus spineless, but with scopular hairs reaching }-3
way down the inner side of the under surface. Tarsus II similar to I ;
metatarsus with scopular hairs extending # way to the base, and with
1 inner median and 2 basal spines on the under surface. Tarsus III
with no scopular hairs, but bearing stout bristle-like hairs on the under
surface ; metatarsus strongly spined and with a stout comb apically
towards the outer side. Tarsus and metatarsus IV longer, but similar.
Vulva.—As in fig. 56a.
Measurements.—Carapace: length, 3-5 mm., breadth, 2-7 mm.
Total length, 8-7 mm.
3 Colour.—Carapace golden brown, legs slightly lighter ; abdomen
pale testaceous, with an anterior dorsal scutum which extends over
slightly less than + of the length of the abdomen ; dorsal and ventral
surfaces sparsely clothed with long stiff black hairs, which have
mostly rubbed off, leaving the surfaces stippled with their brown
sockets. Ventral surface with a distinct brown epigastric scutum.
Sternum orange brown in colour, with a distinct dark margin, and the
surface strongly punctate by hair sockets; the carapace also bears ~
marks of a sparse clothing of stiff hairs. Mouth-parts dark orange
brown.
Eyes.—Anterior row, seen from in front, slightly procurved ; laterals
larger than the medians. Posterior row straight to slightly pro-
curved, the medians subangular and larger than the laterals; slightly
separated posteriorly ; but anteriorly wider apart, and practically
equidistant from the laterals. Median ocular area longer than wide,
and broader posteriorly. Clypeus as deep as the diameter of an
anterior median eye, or slightly exceeding the radius of an anterior
lateral.
Chelicera.—Interior border with 2 teeth; the proximal one (:.e.
338 Annals of the South African Museum.
nearest the fang) being very small; superior border with 4 teeth, the
2 central ones large, and the proximal one very small.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners bearing 5 stout apical tubules; the
ventral apical projection bearing a spigot, being well marked.
Legs.—Coxa I longer and slenderer than coxa IV. Tarsus I long
and slender, being 3 the length of the metatarsus ; bearing no spines,
but sparsely clothed on the lower surface with club-shaped scopular
hairs; metatarsus with a few such hairs distally, but no spines.
Tarsus II subequal to the metatarsus, clothed on its lower surface
with scopular hairs, but bearing no spines; metatarsus with a few
scattered scopular hairs, and bearing a median and two basal spines
on the under surface. Tarsus III with bristles, but with no spines
on the under surface; metatarsus heavily spined, and with a strong
comb of bristles apically on the under surface. Tarsus IV also with
bristles on the under surface ; metatarsus twice as long as the tarsus,
heavily spined, and with an apical comb of bristles.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 56B.
Measurements.—Carapace: breadth, 2-4 mm.; length, 3mm. Length
of abdomen, 4 mm. ; chelicera to end of abdomen, 7-8 mm.
Other examples :—
1 2 (No. 14,465). Hanover. (L. Schreiner, 1905.)
This specimen is slightly larger than the type, the total length being
9 mm. and the carapace 4 mm.
2 99, 1 3 (No. 14,353). St. Helena Bay, Malmesbury Div., —
C. Province. (J. HE. C. Goold, 1905.)
The 29 are the same size, or slightly smaller, than the type and carry
a basal spine on metatarsus I, and 2 median spines on metatarsus IJ.
The ¢ is much smaller than that described from Rhodesia, the
total length being only 5-5 mm.; carapace, 2-7 mm.; itis also lighter
in colour; the palpal organ, however, is identical, and there is no
doubt that all the above specimens belong to the one species.
Also 1 2 (Grahamstown Museum), Smitsdrift, Pietersburg.
CAMILLINA ARIDA, Pure.
Melanophora arida. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx, pl. xv,
p- 333, fig. 65.
Specimens.—1 9° and jv. (13,247 type). Laingsburg, Pr. Albert Div.
(Mrs. and Dr. W. F. Purcell.)
Colour.—Carapace very dark mahogany brown ; femora of legs and
sternum slightly lighter. Abdomen dull testaceous.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 339
Carapace.—Equal in length to metatarsus and tarsus IV; and a
little less than tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus I.
Eyes.—Posterior row moderately procurved; medians large,
oblong, contiguous posteriorly and inclined outwards, and larger than
the laterals from which they are slightly separated ; clypeus narrower
than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 small teeth; inferior border
muticous or with | minute tooth.
Sternum.—Leneth nearly twice the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I not scopulate or spineless. Apical comb on
metatarsus III partially hidden by other bristles ; comb on metatarsus
IV sparse.
Vulva.—As in fig. 65, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-4 mm. ‘Total length, 6 mm.
CAMELLINA BIPLAGIA, u. sp. (Fig. 57, a and B.)
Specimens.—1 9 (B 2829 type), Gt. Winterhoek Mts., 4500 ft. ; also
2 $5 and 3 99 from altitudes up to 4700 ft. (R.W. Tucker, November
22, 1916.)
Colour.—Cephalothorax pale brown; mottled, and infuscated
anteriorly and at the sides; legs the same colour distally as the
carapace, but slightly lighter proximally ; abdomen dull testaceous
and uniformly infuscated on the dorsal surface ; sternum, coxae, etc.,
pale brown ; labium darker.
Carapace.—EKqual in length to metatarsus and } tarsus IV, and to
tibia and metatarsus I. Surface smooth and moderately convex.
Hyes.—Seen from above, the anterior row appears slightly recurved ;
the medians being less than a diameter apart, and the laterals and
medians almost touching. Posterior row scarcely wider than the
anterior, and strongly procurved ; median eyes large, angular, slightly
oblique, and contiguous posteriorly ; laterals smaller and narrowly
separate from the medians; less than a diameter from the anterior
laterals and subequal to them. Seen from in front, the anterior row
is procurved ; the median eyes being subequal to the laterals.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 5-6 teeth, of which the two distal
ones are much larger ; inferior margin with 2-3 teeth.
Sternum.—Broad, not tapering anteriorly. Length about 14 times
greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate on the under surface; no spines or
fascicle, but with a line of stout setae. Metatarsus bearing a few
scopular hairs; 2 spines basally, and 2 lines of stout setae on under
340 Annals of the South African Museum.
surface; patella longer than patella Il. Tarsus II with a coarse
scopula; metatarsus not scopulate. Tarsus III with coarse bristles
on the under surface ; metatarsus with strong scattered spines, and a
broad comb of long stout setae around the apical border of the under
surface. Tarsus IV also with bristles on the under surface ; meta-
tarsus with numerous spines and a comb of long stout setae on the inner
apical border. Posterior legs more heavily spined than the anterior.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners bearing 4 stout fusules on the dorsal
apical border; these most frequently are retracted and are hardly
distinguishable.
Vulva.—As in fig. 574. In some specimens the two light anterior
plates are joined into one with a more conspicuous border, constricted
at the centre.
$ Colour.—Much as in the 2; abdomen darker and with a smail
triangular dorsal scutum anteriorly and a faint epigastric scutum.
Cephalothorax and eyes as in &.
Chelicera.—Four teeth on superior margin, and 2-3 on inferior
margin.
Legs.—Tarsus I bearing setose hairs on the under surface; short
and dense anteriorly, longer and sparser basally. Metatarsus not
scopulate, but bearing setae and 2-3 stout spines. Tarsus II with
stouter bristles than I on the under surface; similarly with the
metatarsus. Tarsus III with long and very stout bristles on the
under surface; metatarsus with numerous spines dorsally and on
the under surface, and with an apical comb of stout bristles on the
under surface. Tarsus IV similar to III; metatarsus much longer
and also bearing anteriorly a comb of bristles. Fascicles absent ;
claws strongly dentate.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ and tibia (outer dorsal aspect) as in
fio. 57B.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 5 25,22 mm. Total length,
6 3:6, 2 6 mm.
This species is closely allied to Camillina procurva, Pure., and
Camillina cordifera, Tuller.
Found also on Table Mt., foot of Plattekliip Ravine, 3 99 (B 842)
(R. M. Lightfoot and R. W. Tucker, December 1914); and Camps
Bay Slopes, 1 2 (B 5236) (R. W. Tucker, November 1920).
Also 1 2 (B 3539). Matroosberg Mts., 4000 it. (R. W. Tucker,
December 1917.)
2 $3 (3252 and 3253), Ceres (W. Purcell, October 1897) ; and
1 3 (14 328) from Stellenbosch.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 34]
1 9 (3371). Signal Hill. (W. Purcell, November 1896.)
1 3S (8711) and 1 9 (6169). Bergvliet, Diep R. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, December 1919.)
2 99 (12,218). Hout Bay. (Dr. W.F. Purcell, November 1901.)
1 (12,338). Side of Kalk Bay Mts. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
March 1902.)
1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). Grahamstown. (J. Hewitt,
September 1916.)
CAMILLINA BROWNI, n. sp. (Fig. 58.)
Specumens.—1 9 (B 5221 type). Vryburg. (J. E. Brown, May
1920.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs uniform light brown, abdomen greyish
testaceous ; sternum coxae, etc., unicolourous with carapace.
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and } tarsus IV, and to
tibia and metatarsus f.
Hyes.—Anterior row, seen from the front, procurved; medians
slightly larger than the laterals and closer to them than to each other.
Posterior row strongly procurved ; medians very large and contiguous
posteriorly, oblong, and inclined outwards; also nearly touching
anteriorly the laterals, which are smaller than the anterior laterals.
Sternum.—Length 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—As in luteus.
Vulva.—As in fig. 58.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-1mm. Totallength, 6-3 mm.
CAMILLINA CORDIFERA, Tuller.
1910. Camilla cordifera. Tullgren in Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru
Expedition, vol. i, pt. 20:6, p. 105; dg and 9, pl.i, fig. 16 a-d.
Specimens :—
1 g and 1 @ (150, 764). Near Pt. Shepstone, Natal. (Dr.
—W. F. Purcell, September 1905.)
1 2 (B 3267). Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W. Tucker, April
1917.)
1 2 (B 3711). Junction Marico and Crocodile Rivers, N.W.
Transvaal. (R. W. Tucker, January-February 1918.)
2 Colour.—Carapace and legs dark brown; sternum lighter and
somewhat olivaceous ; abdomen infuscated testaceous.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and 3 tarsus IV, and to
tibia and metatarsus I.
Sternum.—Lenegth not greatly exceeding greatest breadth.
342 Annals of the South African Museum.
Hyes.—Anterior row subequal, medians and laterals almost
touching each other.
Posterior row well procurved, medians large, oblong, and contiguous
posteriorly ; inclined outwards, and much larger than the laterals.
Posterior laterals smaller than the anterior laterals and almost
touching them.
Chelicera._Superior margin with 3 teeth ; inferior margin also with
3 teeth.
Spinners.—Bearing 3 stout tubules.
Legs.—Anterior tarsi very sparsely scopulated; metatarsus I not
scopulated and with a pair of very fine apical spines. Metatarsi III
and IV with strong apical combs.
Vulva.—aAs in fig. 164, loc. cit., and fig. 59.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1-6 mm. Total length, 4-5 mm. —
3 Colour.—As in .
Carapace.—Equal in length to metatarsus and $ tarsus IV, and to a
little less than tibia and metatarsus I.
Eyes and Sternum.—As in &.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior border with about
4 much smaller teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsi III and IV with large and conspicuous apical
combs.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 16, c—D, loe. cit.
Measurements.—Carapace, 1-7 mm. Total length, 3-9 mm.
CAMILLINA CORRUGATA, Pure.
Melanophora corrugata. Purcellin A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx, p. 332,
pl. xv, figs. 63 and 64.
Specomens.—3 92 and 1 ¢ (11,774, ex typ.). Hanover. (8. C.
Schreiner, November 1904.)
For further localities, etc., see below.
2 Colour.—Carapace golden brown, abdomen deep testaceous.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and tarsus IV, and to
tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus I.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest width.
Eyes.—Anterior medians smaller than the laterals. Posterior row
very moderately procurved, medians oblong, contiguous posteriorly,
inclined outwards, and well separated from the laterals, which are not
greatly smaller. Clypeus less than the diameter of an anterior lateral
eyes
The Drassidae of South Africa. 343
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3-4 teeth; inferior border with
0-1 small tooth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate to base and spineless. Metatarsus
III with very strong apical comb; metatarsus IV with a slightly
weaker comb.
Vulva.—As in fig. 63, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2°83 mm. Total length, 7 mm.
3d Colour.—As in 2, abdomen darker dorsally.
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV, and slightly
exceeding tibia and metatarsus I.
Eyes, Chelicera, and Sternum.—As in &.
Legs.—Metatarsus I and II with a few scopular hairs anteriorly, and
2 pairs of spines on the under surface ; metatarsus III with a fairly
strong apical comb ; comb on metatarsus IV weak.
Palpal Organ.—As in fig. 64, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-7 mm. Total length, 5 mm.
Specimens identified from new localities :—
De Aar; 12(B 1580). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September 1913.)
Warmbaths, Transvaal; 2 99 and | ¢ (150,663). (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, September 1905.)
Johannesburg; 2 gd and 1 2 (150,647). (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
September 1905.)
Kimberley; 9 (B 4214). (J. H. Power, November 1918.)
Tsumeb, 8.W. Africa ; 2 99 (B 5179). (R. W. Tucker,
December 1919.)
Swakopmund, 8.W. Prot.; 1 9 (B 4833). (R. W. Tucker,
February 1920.)
Windhuk, 8.W. Prot.; 19(B 4248). (R. W. Tucker, February
1920.)
CAMILLINA LUTEUS, n. sp. (Fig. 60.)
Specumens.—3 99 (No. 9479 types). Hanover. (S. C. Cronwright
Schreiner, September—-November 1901.)
Colour.—Golden yellow; abdomen slightly darker on the dorsal
surface.
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV, and to
tibia and metatarsus I. Clypeus very narrow ; less than } the radius
of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Anterior row procurved ; eyes large, medians touching the
laterals and subequal to them. Posterior row moderately procurved ;
median eyes elongate subangular, contiguous posteriorly, and
344 Annals of the South African Museum.
touching the laterals anteriorly ; very much larger than the laterals,
being about twice their area.
Chelicera.—Superior groove with 5 teeth, inferior groove with
4 small teeth.
Sternum.—Length 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tarsus I slightly scopulate; metatarsus not scopulate but
bearing | outer basal spine on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar, but
the metatarsus with 2 basal spines. Tarsus III furnished with fairly
long bristles ; metatarsus heavily spined, and bearing a strong apical
comb of setae; metatarsus IV also with a strong apical comb on the
under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 60.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1-6 mm.; Total length,
4-6 mm.
New Localities.—2 92 (Grahamstown Museum). Alicedale. (F.
Cruden.)
CAMILLINA POSTREMA, n. sp. (Fig. 61.)
Specimens :—
1 3 (728 type). Diep R., Cape Flats. (F. Purcell, December
1895.)
1 g (3143). Cape Town. (J. Paynter, October 1897.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, legs lighter brown; abdomen
fairly strongly infuscated dorsally, with a slightly lighter patch
posterior to small dorsal scutum ; ventral surface paler.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tarsus and metatarsus IV, and to
tibia and metatarsus I.
Eyes.—Clypeus nearly equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral
eye. Posterior row of eyes slightly procurved ; medians large, sub-
angular, not quite touching posteriorly, slightly inclined outwards, and
nearly touching laterals, which are much smaller.
Chelicera.—Superior border clothed with stout hairs which become
bristle-like on the anterior surface. Inferior border apparently with a
row of small denticles close together on a slightly curved ridge which
ends in 2 apical teeth.
Sternum.—Leneth 1} times greatest width.
Legs.—Yarsus I scopulate ; metatarsus without scopular hairs, but
with a line of fine bristle-like spines down each side of the under
surface, terminating in 2 fine subbasal spines. Second leg similar,
scopular hairs less on the tarsus, and with bristles and spines stronger
on the tarsus and metatarsus. Tarsus III clothed with bristles on the
The Drassidae of South Africa. 345
under surface; metatarsus with strong apical comb and dense
clothing of bristles on the under surface; also numerous spines.
Bristles less on the 4th leg ; metatarsal comb distinct.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 61.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-4 mm. Total length, 5-5 mm.
CAMILLINA PROCURVA, Pure.
Melanophora procurva. Purcell in Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, vol. i, p. 239, pl. xi, figs. 25 and 24.
Specomens.— and 2 (150,603, ex. typ.). Kammaggas, Little Nama-
qualand. (Schultze, July-August 1904.)
For other localities and examples see below.
2 Colour.—Cephalothorax dark brown, legs lighter brown ; abdomen
dull testaceous brown. (Other specimens tend to be lighter in
colour.)
Cephalothorax.—Kqual in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and § tarsus IV.
Eyes.— Anterior medians smaller than the laterals and close to them.
Posterior row moderately procurved, medians subangular, not much
longer than broad, contiguous posteriorly, and slightly inclined
outwards; laterals very much smaller and close to them. Clypeus
exceedingly narrow.
Sternum.—Length equal to 1} times the greatest breadth.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4—5 teeth, inferior border with 2
small teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I not scopulate, and with several spines on the
under surface. Metatarsi II] and IV with stout apical combs.
Vulva.—As in fig. 24, loc. cit.
3 Colour.—Shghtly lighter than the @.
Cephalothoraz.—Kqual in length to metatarsus and } tarsus IV,
subequal to metatarsus and tibia I.
Eyes, Sternum, and Chelicera.—As in 9.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 25, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 2 2mm., ¢ 2 mm. Total
length, 296 mm., g 4:8 mm.
Specimens identified from new localities :—
Kentani ; 2 99 (13,861 and 14,537). (Miss Pegler, 1904 and 1905.)
Matjesfontein ; 1 9 (B 3342). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November
1897.)
Montagu ; 1 9 (3893). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, March 1896.)
346 Annals of the South African Museum.
Doornnek, Alexander Div. ; 1 2 (5704). (J. L. Drége, October
1899.)
Pr. Albert; 1 2 (3924). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September 1896.)
Grahamstown (Grahamstown Museum). (J. Hewitt, February
1915.)
CAMILLINA SETOSUS, n. sp. (Fig. 62, a and B.)
Specimens.—1 $ and 2 99 (No. 3370 types). Signal Hill. (Dr.
W. F. Purcell, November 1896.)
2 Colour.—Carapace reddish-brown, with darker radiating lines ;
legs slightly lighter than the carapace; femur of Ist leg without
light patches. Abdomen testaceous, infuscated on the dorsal surface.
Entire surface, especially the legs, clothed with hairs which, when
dry, are golden brown in colour.
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and } tarsus IV, and to
metatarsus and tibia I. Clypeus about equal to 4 the diameter of an
anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Nocturnal in type. Anterior row strongly procurved,
medians subequal to the laterals ; posterior row normal.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 5 teeth, the proximal ones (7.e.
nearest the base of the fang) being small; inferior border with 3
teeth. One 9, which is lighter in colour, shows an additional very
small proximal tooth on each border.
Sternum.—Length not more than 14 times the ereatest breadth.
Legs.—Tarsus I sparsely scopulated at the sides of the under surface,
with bristle-like hairs basally, and a line of stout setae down each side ;
metatarsus also with a line of spiniform bristles down each side, and
bearing 2 basal spines and 1 or 2 weak apical spines; tibia I bearing
fine setae on the under surface. Tarsus II with a few scopular hairs
distally, and an irregular line of setae down each side of the under
surface ; metatarsus bearing 2 basal spines and numerous spiniform
setae; tibia II with stouter setae than I and with 1 median and 1
basal spine. Metatarsus III with a broad stout comb of setae, and
numerous stout bristles and spines; apical comb on 4th leg stouter
but not so dense.
Spinners.—With 4 apical tubules.
Vulva.—Broad ; nearly filling the space between the lung operculae.
Appearance as in fig. 62a. Cf. P. (Camilla) procurva, Pure.
$ Colour.—As in 9; abdomen with a slight anterior dorsal scutum.
Other characters as in 9.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 347
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus of the Ist leg similar to the 9.
Metatarsus of the 2nd leg with a few scopular hairs anteriorly, and 1
median or lateral anterior spine in addition to the 2 basal spines.
Apical combs on the metatarsus not quite so strong as in the 9.
Pedipalps.—Patella and tibia short; the latter bearing a stout,
slightly curved projection, as in fig. 628. Palpal organ as in fig. 628.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 92-5 mm., ¢ 2.5 mm. Total
length, 296mm., $5 mm.
This species is quite distinct from Camillina biplagia, specimens of
which were taken by Dr. Purcell from the same locality and apparently
about the same time as sefosus; it appears more nearly related to
procurva, Purc., than to biplaqia.
Gen. MEGAMYRMECEON, Reuss, 1834.
Key to Species.
(3). 1. Anterior tibiae spined.
2. Clypeus less than twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye . velor
(1). 3. Anterior tibiae spineless.
(5). 4. Clypeus twice the diameter of an anterior lateraleye . transvaalensis.
(4). 5. Clypeus 3 times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye . schreinert.
MEGAMYRMECEON SCHREINERI, n. sp. (Fig. 63.)
Specumens :—
1 $ (13,188 type). Hanover. (8. C. Schreiner, 1903.)
1 g (823). Signal Hill, Cape Town. (F. Purcell, April 1896.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs light yellowish-brown, with a slight
infuscated band between the border and the centre. Abdomen
testaceous, covered with tawny pubescence ; sternum dark-rimmed.
Carapace.—Length slightly exceeding metatarsus I, and equal to
patella and little over 4 tibia IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians less than a diameter apart, and close to
the laterals, which are about 4 their size. Posterior medians large,
subangular, and equidistant from the laterals and from each other ;
posterior laterals smaller than the medians, but larger than the
anterior laterals, from which they are over } a diameter distant.
Clypeus about twice the diameter of an anterior median, and 3 times
the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Inferior border muticous ; superior border also appar-
ently muticous, but with an apical row of 3-4 small denticles.
23
348 Annals of the South African Museum.
Legs.—Long and slender ; anterior tarsi long and somewhat curved,
densely scopulate and spineless. Metatarsi longer than the tarsi,
scopulate to the base, and also spineless; tibiae I and II spineless.
Tarsi of posterior legs scopulate, also bearing bristles on the under
surface, metatarsi and remainder of legs well spined.
Pedipalps.—Tibia longer than the tarsus, slender, but swollen
distally and bearing a short outer apical spur. ‘Tarsal organ as in
fig. 63.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3-8 mm. Total length, 8 mm.
The specimen from Signal Hill is shghtly smaller and lighter in colour,
being evidently newly moulted.
MEGAMYRMECEON TRANSVAALENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 64.)
Specimens :—
2 22 (B 3716 types). Junction of the Crocodile and Marico
Rivers, N.W. Transvaal. (R. W. Tucker, January—
February 1918.)
1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). Steytlerville. (Miss B. Geard,
December 1916.)
Colour.—Uniform pale testaceous; integument covered with
appressed dark pubescence ; and legs armed with black spines.
Carapace.—Length equal to the metatarsus of the Ist leg, and to
patella and 4 tibia 4th leg. Median stria long and dark ; surface with
slight dark radiations. Clypeus deep, twice the diameter of an anterior
median eye.
Eyes.—Anterior medians $ a diameter apart and touching the
laterals, which are about $ their size. Posterior row strongly pro-
curved, but not forming a semicircle ; the laterals equal to the anterior
laterals and shghtly removed from them; medians larger than the
laterals, subangular, inclined inwards at the bases, the apices being
approximately the same distance from the laterals as the bases are
from each other.
Chelicera.—With a row of 4-5 minute denticles at the apex of the
superior margin.
Pedipalps.—Fairly heavily spined; femur bearing on the inner
surface, distally, a stout spine bifurcated apically (this may possibly
be an exception).
Legs.—Tarsus I long, slender, and flexible; heavily scopulated to
the base and bearing a dense fascicle ; metatarsus scopulate almost
to the base, and also spineless on the under surface ; tibia with a few
The Drassidae of South Africa. 349
scopular hairs anteriorly on the outer surface; spineless; 2nd leg
similar, but with no scopular hairs on the tibia and less basally on the
metatarsus. Tarsus III slender and scopulate to the base ; metatarsus
with a few scopular hairs anteriorly, and numerous strong spines on
the under surface. Tarsus IV slender, flexible, and bearing scopular
hairs almost to the base; apical fascicle weak; tarsal claw with a
prominent base, bearing 5-6 teeth. Metatarsus very long (twice the
length of the tarsus), slender, and bearing numerous spines.
Spinners.—Superior spinners long and slender, with a subconical
apical joint; longer than the inferior and median spinners ; inferior
pair stouter and bearing 4 (in one case 3 only) apical fusules. On
abdomen at the base of the spinners a transverse chitinous slit is just
visible ; probably a tracheal opening.
Vulva.—As in fig. 64.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3:3 mm.; breadth 2-9 mm.
Total length (excl. spinners), 7-9 mm.
MEGAMYRMECEON VELOX, Sim.
1887. M. velox. Simon in Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), vol. vii,
[De B74
“@ Length, 11 mm. Cephalothorax tawny yellow, smooth, shiny,
white, silky pubescence, oblong, thoracic stria deep and remote.
Anterior row of eyes strongly procurved ; medians only 4 larger than
the laterals, and further from each other than from the laterals.
Posterior row of eyes equally procurved, medians larger than the
laterals, oblique, triquetrous, and subcontiguous, but widely remote
from the laterals. Clypeus not as wide as twice a lateral eye.
Abdomen oblong, flattened, slightly enlarged posteriorly, truncate
anteriorly and posteriorly, four dorsal impressions, entirely yellow,
and with silky-white pubescence. Spinners reddish, inferiors long,
terete or slightly less thickened towards the apices ; superior spinners
only half the size of the inferiors. Chelicera, sternum, mouth-parts,
and legs shiny tawny yellow. Chelicera robust, sparsely setose ;
fangs fairly long, superior margin of groove with three teeth, central
one largest; inferior margin submuticous, bearing very minute
denticles. Legs fairly long, numerously spined; 4 anterior tibiae
with submedian spine (situated near exterior margin) and 2 apical
spines ; metatarsi sometimes with 2 basal spines. Tarsi entirely, and
metatarsi anteriorly, scopulate. ‘Tibia and patella IV longer than
cephalothorax. Vulval area tawny and coriaceous, bearing longi-
350 Annals of the South African Museum.
tudinal, lanceolate median plagula, bounded on each side by a curved
black line.
“ Akin to Egyptian species.
** Locality.—Kalahari, 8.W. Africa. (Dr. H. Schinz, 1884-86.) ”
Gren. ECHEMUS, Sim.
ECHEMUS ERUTUS, n. sp. (Fig. 65.)
Specimens.—1 9 (B 3663 type). Mochudi, Bechuanaland Prot.
(R. W. Tucker, February 1918.)
Colour.—Carapace yellowish brown, chelicera slightly darker ;
posterior legs similar in colour to the carapace; Ist pair of legs
considerably darker and redder distally. Abdomen testaceous,
slightly infuscated dorsally.
Eyes.—The ocular portion of the carapace is unfortunately damaged ;
the eyes, however, appear as follows. Anterior row strongly pro-
curved ; medians light in colour, round, and less than a diameter apart ;
laterals light in colour, oval, a trifle smaller than the medians, and
very close to them. Posterior row very strongly procurved ; medians
subangular and close together, distant their long diameter from the
anterior medians; larger than the posterior laterals, which are sub-
equal to the anterior laterals, and about their own diameter from the
posterior medians.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 2.
Legs.—First leg subequal to the 4th leg, and considerably stouter
than any others; tarsus sparsely scopulated, metatarsus with a few
scopular hairs anteriorly and bearing 1 apical and 1 submedian
spine on the under surface; tibia spineless, and, together with
patella and femur, large and swollen. Tarsus of 2nd leg scopulate ;
metatarsus with fine hairs but no scopular hairs on the under surface,
bearing 2 apical and 2 submedian spines; tibia with 2 apical spines
on the under surface. Tarsi III and IV bearing a few scopular hairs,
but mainly clothed with bristles; metatarsi and tibiae strongly
spined ; no metatarsal comb of setae; tarsal claws dentate.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners short, cylindrical, nearly their own
length apart.
Vulva.—As in fig. 65.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-2mm. Total length, 5-7 mm.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 351
Gren. ZELOTES, Gistl.
This name was proposed by Gistl, in 1848, to take the place of
Melanophora, C. Koch, 1833, owing to the latter name having been
preoccupied by Meigen in 1803 for a genus of Diptera. The name,
however, was overlooked by later workers, and Prosthesima was
substituted for Melanophora by L. Koch in 1872, owing to the aforesaid
preoccupation of that name. Both Melanophora and Prosthesima
have been largely used by various workers, but Petrunkevitch in 1911,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. xxix, puts the synonomy right and
establishes Zelotes as the name for this genus.
ZELOTES, Gistl.
Key to 29.
(23) 1 No light patch on inner surface of femur I.
(12). 2. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
(5). 3. Length of carapace equal to tibia and metatarsus I.
4. Metatarsus I weakly scopulate and spined on outer surface.
fuliginordes.
(3). 5. Length of carapace greater than tibia and metatarsus I.
(7). 6. Clypeus greater than diameter of anterior lateral eye . : simon.
(6). 7. Clypeus less than diameter of lateral eye.
(9). 8. Metatarsus I well scopulate . ‘ : : . . lava.
(8). 9. Metatarsus I weakly scopulate.
(11). 10. Metatarsus IV with weak apical comb : : 5 . hewitti.
(10). 11. Metatarsus IV with strong apical comb. 5 . rufipes.
(2). 12. Length of carapace less than metatarsus and tarsus IV.
(14). 13. Length of carapace greater than tibia and metatarsus I - aculeata.
(13). 14. Length of carapace equal to tibia and metatarsus I.
(16). 15. Superior margin of chelicera with 3 or less than 3 teeth ; inferior margin
with more than 2.
(15). 16. Superior margin of chelicera with more than 3 teeth; inferior with 2
(18). 17. Metatarsus I well scopulate . 5 : ; 6 zonognathus.
(17). 18. Metatarsus I weakly scopulate.
(20). 19. Metatarsus I not spined on under surface; metatarsus IV with weak
apical comb ‘ ; : : caldaria.
(19). 20. Metatarsus I spined on ander Ae: metstorene IV with strong
apical comb.
(22). 21. Length of sternum not much greater than breadth . . natalensis.
(21). 22. Length of sternum 14 times greatest breadth . : vespertilionis.
(1). 23. Distinct light patch on inner surface of femur.
(35). 24. Length of carapace equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I.
(32). 25. Posterior median eyes nearer to laterals than to each other.
. Metatarsus I not spined, and metatarsus IV with weak apical comb.
=~
~
Ns)
bo
for)
42.
Annals of the South African Museum.
. Vulva with anterior central portion longer and narrower than posterior
portion é 0 : capsula.
. Vulva with atelier central porch feat an Dresden than posterior
portion : . flavitarsis.
. Metatarsus I amined, mataterne IV with siping: apical comb.
. Clypeus equal to, or less than diameter from, anterior laterals. ungula.
. Clypeus greater than diameter of anterior lateral : vryburgensis.
. Posterior median eyes nearer to each other than to laterals.
. Superior margin with 3 or less than 3 teeth, inferior margin with more
than 2 denticles . : : . . fuliginea.
. Superior margin with more hnaa 3 fete inferior margin with 2
denticles . 5 < . _ lightfooti.
. Length of carapace 2 arene then tibia sl metatarsus I.
. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
. Posterior median eyes nearer to laterals than to each other.
. Metatarsus I spined.
. Clypeus greater than diameter of anterior lateral eye . : anchora.
. Clypeus equal to or less than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
. Vulva with central lines forming an ornate M . : : ornata.
Vulva with central lines produced into wide lateral scrolls. broomi.
. Metatarsus I not spined.
. Clypeus greater than diameter of anterior lateral eye . : redunca.
5. Clypeus equal to or less than diameter of anterior lateral eye o’nerli.
. Post-median eyes nearer to each other than to laterals.
. Clypeus greater than diameter of anterior lateral eye . 2 invida.
. Clypeus equal or less than diameter of anteriorlateraleye . humilis.
. Length of carapace less than metatarsus and tarsus IV.
. Clypeus greater than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
. Posterior median eyes nearer to each other than to laterals . gooldv.
. Posterior median eyes nearer to laterals than to each cther.
. Sternum not much longer than greatest breadth; Metatarsus IV with
strong apicalcomb ‘ . . albanicus.
. Sternum 1+ times as long as greatest (oes: sts enemas IV with weak
apical comb : 5 : . cronwrighti.
. Clypeus equal to or less than diameter ive anterior lateral eye.
. Superior margin of chelicera with more than 3 teeth; inferior with 2
denticles.
. Metatarsus I spined, metatarsus [V with strongapicalcomb . montana.
. Metatarsus I not spined ; metatarsus IV with weak apical comb.
montivaga.
. Superior margin of chelicera with 3 or less than 3 teeth ; inferior margin
with more than 2 teeth.
. Metatarsus I spined.
. Vulva with 4 circular dark spots, the 2 anterior being almost central.
frenchi.
. Vulva with 2 fainter circular spots posteriorly . F 6 sclatert.
. Metatarsus I not spined.
. Metatarsus IV with weak apical comb : : : pedimaculosa.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 353
ZELOTES.
Key to 3d.
1. No light patch on inner surface of femora I.
2. Length of carapace equal to or exceeding tibia and metatarsus I.
(5). 3. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and less than 4 tarsus IV.
4, Metatarsus I well scopulate and bearing spines on under surface.
fuliginea.
(3). 5. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus IV.
(7). 6. Metatarsus I with no spines on under surface. é zonognathus.
(6). 7. Metatarsus I bearing spines on under surface.
(9). 8. Palpal organ with large sickle-shaped free process ; : ungula.
(8). 9. Palpal organ with no free process’. ‘ : rufipes.
(2). 10. Length of carapace less than tibia and tciatarsiia I.
1l. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and less than 4 tarsus IV.
(13). 12. Metatarsus I spined on under surface : : : : aculeata.
(12). 13. Metatarsus I not spined on under surface . : : vespertilionis.
(1). 14, Distinct light patch on inner surface of femur I.
(19). 15. Length of carapace equal to, or exceeding tibia and metatarsus I.
16. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus IV.
(18). 17. Metatarsus I spined on under surface : : : : humilis.
(17). 18. Metatarsus I not spined on under surface . : ; . pallidipes.
(15). 19. Length of carapace less than tibia and metatarsus I.
(22). 20. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and less than 4 tarsus IV.
21. Metatarsus [ spined on under surface p 6 : cronwrighti.
(20). 22. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus IV.
(24). 23. Metatarsus I lightly scopulate anteriorly . ; ; . caldaria.
(23). 24. Metatarsus I not scopulate anteriorly : ; : : capsula.
Zelotes pulchripes, Purc., of which I have not been able to see the
types, has not enough characters in the description to fit into the
above keys. It is evidently, however, a distinct and pronounced
species, and could readily be recognised from the description and
figures given.
ZELOTES ACULEATA, Purc.
1908. Melanophora aculeata. Purcell in Schulze, Forschungsreise
in Sudafrika, vol. 1, p. 237, pl. xi, fig. 20.
Specumens.— and 2 99 (150,601 types). Possession Island, 8.W.
Africa. (L. Schulze, May 1903.)
2? Colour.—No light patch on inner surface of femora I.
Carapace. eeaual in length to tibia, metatarsus, and } tarsus I, and
to metatarsus and + tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians nearer to the laterals than to each other,
oval and inclined inwards.
Clypeus.—Over 1% times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
O04 Annals of the South African Museum.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 4 teeth, inferior with 2.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest width.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate nearly to base, and with 1 weak
spine on under surface. Apical comb on metatarsus III partially
hidden by other bristles ; IVth metatarsal comb weak.
Spinners.—Bearing 4 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 20, loc. cat.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 93 mm., g 2-8 mm.
3 Colour, Chelicera, Sternum, Spinners, Clypeus, and Eyes.—As in 9.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and 3 metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Legs.—Metatarsus I slightly scopulate anteriorly, and bearing 2 basal
spines on under surface. Metatarsi III and IV with apical combs.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in figs. 45 and 46, A.M.N.H., vol. xx,
SEP, hol anv
ZELOTES ANCHORA, n. sp. (Fig. 66.)
Specimens :—
1 ¢(B 2701 type). Gt. Winterhoek Mts., 4000-4100 ft. (R. W.
Tucker, November 29, 1916.)
1 Q (B 2622). Hout Bay Mts., C. Penins. (R. W. Tucker,
October 1916.)
Colour.—Carapace, legs, and sternum dark mahogany brown ; tarsi
lighter. Abdomen, black dorsally and ventrally; lung operculae
light brown. Light patch on the inner surface of femur I con-
spicuous ; patch on outer under surface less conspicuous.
Carapace.—Length slightly less than tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus I,
and equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians small, and placed on a slight protuberance ;
laterals much larger and situated at the sides of the protuberance.
Posterior row straight, eyes practically equidistant.
Sternum.—Nearly as broad as long; 14-2 times as wide at the
broadest part as anteriorly.
Chelicera.—Inferior border with 2 small teeth; superior border
with no teeth, but with several stout bristles.
Legs.—Metatarsi I and II with 2 spines basally on the under surface.
Metatarsi III and IV with an apical comb of bristles on the under
surface. Femora III and IV with a few fine spines dorsally, but none
ventrally.
Vulva.—As in fig. 66; akin to Camillina acanthognathus, Pure.,
in formation.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 355
Measurements.—Carapace, 2 mm. in length. Total length, 5°5 mm.
Also 1 2 (B 3473). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, 4000 ft. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1917.)
1 2 (B 4741). Mountains beyond Montagu, C. Province.
(R. W. Tucker, November 1919.)
ZELOTES BROOMI, Pure.
1907. Melanophora broom. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 329, pl. xv, fig. 52.
Specumens.—1 @ (13,877 type). Stellenbosch, C. Province. (R.
Broom, September 1904.)
Colour.—Femur I with very pale mark on inner side.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I, and
to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—Equal in depth to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Hyes.—Posterior medians slightly nearer to laterals than to each
other.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 2.
Sternum.—Nearly as broad as long.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate almost to base, and with 2 basal
spines; metatarsi III and IV with strong combs almost lateral in
position.
Spinners.—Bearing 4 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 52, loc. cat.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2°5 mm.
ZELOTES CALDARIA, Pure.
1907. Melanophora caldaria. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 330, pl. xv, figs. 56 and 57.
Specimens.—2 99, 1 g (12,666 types). Montagu Baths, C.
Province. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November 1902.)
2 Colour.—No pale spots on inner surface of femora I.
Carapace.—Subequal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and equal
to metatarsus and 3-2 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians small and nearer to laterals than to each
other.
Clypeus.—Less than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior muticous.
Sternum.—Length about 1} times greatest width.
356 Annals of the South African Museum.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate anteriorly, and spineless; meta-
tarsus III with strong apical comb; IV with sparse comb.
Spinners.—Bearing 4 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 56, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 9 and ¢ 2°1 mm.
$ Colour.—Femur I with no definite light spot on inner surface,
but with entire lighter under surface.
Carapace.—Subequal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and equal
to metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes, Sternum, Chelicera, and Spinners.—As in &.
Clypeus.—Equal in diameter to anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Metatarsus I very slightly scopulate anteriorly, and without -
spines ; combs as in @.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 57, loc. cit.
New Locality.—-Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, 6000-7000 ft., 1 2 (B 3507)
(R. W. T., December 1917) ; also 1 2 (B 3458), Matroosberg, 5000-6000
ft. (R. W. T., November 1917).
In these specimens, as in the type 9, the central V-shaped portion of
the shaded area in fig. 56, loc. cit., is dark edged and more conspicuous.
ZELOTES CAPSULA, n.sp. (Fig. 67, a and B.)
Specomens.—1 g and 2 99 (B 2872 types). Gt. Winterhoek Mts.,
5500-6000 ft. (R. W. Tucker, November 1916); also 6 92 from the
same locality at altitudes from 4000-5500 ft., and 2 §g and jv.(B 2797),
3800-4000 ft.
2 Colour.—Carapace and legs very dark brown, almost black ;
light patch on femur of first leg conspicuous ; abdomen dull testaceous,
strongly infuscated on the dorsal surface.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and 2 tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—Much deeper than the anterior lateral eyes.
Eyes.—Seen from above, the anterior row appears slightly re-
curved ; posterior row scarcely wider, and straight along posterior
border of eyes, procurved along anterior border. Anterior laterals
larger than the medians ; medians nearer to the laterals than to each
other. Posterior laterals much larger than the medians; medians
slightly further from each other than from the laterals.
Sternum.—Length not much greater than breadth.
Labium.—Long ; reaching to inner apices of the maxillae ; border
slightly depressed.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 357
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 3-4 teeth; inferior margin with
0-1 tooth.
Legs.—Metatarsi I and II unspined, scopulate laterally over % of
length ; metatarsus ITI with apical spines and a comb of stout setae ;
metatarsus IV with apical spines, but with setal comb lateral and very
sparse.
Spinners.—With 3-4 stout fusules ; usually retracted and scarcely
visible.
Vulva.—As in fig. 674; the circular plaques are sometimes nearer
together and often not so well defined, being masked by a thickened
cuticle. In general appearance the vulva approaches the form
usually found in Drassodella.
$ Colour.—Slightly darker than the 9, especially the abdomen ;
the light patch on the femur of the Ist leg very distinct on the inner
side, but less so than on the other.
Eyes.—As in the 9.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and barely 4 metatarsus I,
and equal to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—About the width of a posterior lateral eye.
Labium.—As in &.
Chelicera.—4-5 teeth on the superior margin; inferior margin
muticous.
Legs.—Anterior legs spineless and without scopulae ; posterior legs
spined. Metatarsus III with setal comb; metatarsus IV without.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ and tibial spur as in fig. 67B.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, ¢ 2-5 mm., 9 2 mm.. Total
length, ¢ 5 mm., 2 5-8 mm.
ZELOTES CRONWRIGHTI, Pure.
1907. Melanophora cronwrightt. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7,
vol. xx, p. 330, pl. xv, figs. 54 and 55.
Specimens :—
18 99 (9477 ex. typis). Hanover. (8. C. Schreiner, September
LOIS)
2 gg and 1 2 (11,933). Hanover. (S.C. Schreiner, December
1901—February 1902.)
2? Colour.—Distinct light patch on inner surface of femora I.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and + tarsus I, and
to metatarsus and 3 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians inclined inwards, and nearer posteriorly
to laterals and anteriorly to each other.
358 Annals of the South African Museum.
Clypeus.—Greater in depth than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 2.
Sternum.—Length 11 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate anteriorly, and with 1 basal spine
on under surface.
Metatarsus III with strong apical comb; comb on IV weak and
lateral.
Spinners.—Bearing 5 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 54, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 2-6, ¢ 2-9 mm.
3 Colour, Eyes, Clypeus, and Chelicera.—As in Q.
Carapace.—Length of carapace subequal to tibia and metatarsus IT,
and equal to metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Legs.—Metatarsus scopulate over anterior two-thirds and bearing 2
basal spines ; comb on metatarsus III strong, on metatarsus IV weak.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 55, loc. cit.
Record of New Localities—g and 2 (B 229), from Burghersdorp,
O.F.S. (Dr Kannemeyer, September 1909.) 1 2 (Grahamstown
Museum), Douglas, C. Province. (R. Broom.)
ZELOTES FLAVITARSIS, Pure.
1908. Melanophora flavitarsis. Purcell in Schultze, Forschungs-
reise in Sudafrika, Bd. I, p. 238, pl. xi, fig. 21.
Specimens.—2 9 (150,602 ex. typis). Kammaggas, Little Nama-
qualand. (L. Schultze, July 1904.)
Colour.—Light patch on inner surface of femur I.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to meta-
tarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians round and nearer to laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicéra.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior muticous.
Sternum.—Only shghtly longer than broad.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate to base and spineless. Metatarsus
III with normal comb, metatarsus IV apparently lacking apical comb.
Vulva.—As in fig. 21, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-3 mm.
ZELOTES FRENCHI,n. sp. (Fig. 68.)
Specumens.—1 2 (B 3900 type). Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown with infuscated mottling ; abdomen
The Drassidae of South Africa. 359
infuscated dorsally ; legs dark olivaceous brown, the metatarsi and
tarsi being redder ; light patch on anterior femora, faint.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and } tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and ? tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Large and close together, those in the posterior row being
practically equidistant, and the posterior medians subequal to the
laterals. Clypeus about ? diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest width.
Labium.—As in Z. capsula.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 3 teeth, inferior 2.
Legs.—Under surface of metatarsus I, with 2 weak apical spines
and 2 spines + of the total length from the base, also scopulate
anteriorly ; metatarsus II with an additional pair of spines midway
between the apical and sub-basal spines; both metatarsi I and II
bearing scopular hairs. Metatarsus III with a very strong apical
comb of bristles, more towards the outer edge of the under surface ;
metatarsus IV also with a strong apical comb.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5 stout apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 68.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2-3 mm. long. Total length, 7 mm.
ZELOTES FULIGINEA, Purc.
1907. Melanophora fuliginea. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 327, pl. xv, figs. 44-46.
Specumens :—
1 2 (8059 type 9). Signal Hill, Cape Town. (R. M. Light-
foot, December 1897.)
3 99 and 1 ¢ (9277 Stype). Signal Hill. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
September 1901.)
2 Colour.—Distinct pale spot on inner surface of femur I.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and #? tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians nearer to each other than to the laterals.
Clypeus.—Depth equal to quite 1} times diameter of an anterior
lateral.
Chelicera.—Supenior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 2.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate laterally almost to base, and with 2
basal spines on under surface. Metatarsi III and IV with strong
apical combs.
360 Annals of the South African Museum.
Spinners.—Bearing 5 apical fusules.
Vulva.—s in fig. 44, loc. cit.
Measurements.—-Length of carapace, 9 and 3g, 3:1 mm.
$ Colour.—Inner light patch on femur not so distinct.
Carapace.—EKqual in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians nearer posteriorly to laterals, but nearer
anteriorly to each other.
Sternum, Chelicera, Spinners, and Legs.—As in §.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in figs. 45 and 46, loc. cit.
ZELOTES GOOLDI, Pure.
1907. Melanophora gooldi. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 330; pl. xv, fig. 53.
Specimens.—2 99 (11,705 types). Stompneus, St. Helena Bay.
(J. C. Goold, May-June 1902.)
Colour.—Conspicuous light patch on inner surface of femur I.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus and } tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and 4-3 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians long oblique, nearer to laterals posteriorly
and to each other anteriorly.
Clypeus.—Slightly greater than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 2.
Sternum.—Length not much more than greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate almost to base, and bearing 2 basal
spines. Metatarsus III with strong apical comb, IV with a weaker
more lateral comb.
Vulva.—As in fig. 53, loc. cat.
Spinners.—5 apical fusules.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3 mm.
Specimens identified from New Localities.—Caledon ; 12 99 (150,072),
Dr. W. F. Purcell, July 1910. These examples are darker than the
types, being almost black in colour; the vulva is consequently darker ;
and has the central markings above the circular plaques continued
up the light middle area, and in some cases apparently curved over
laterally.
ZELOTES HEWITTI, n. sp. (Fig. 69a.)
Specimens.—2 92 (B 5698 types). Grahamstown. (J. Hewitt,
November 1914 and February 1915.)
Colour.—Carapace medium to light brown, mottled with black ;
The Drassidae of South Africa. 361
dorsal and lateral surfaces of abdomen infuscated; legs slightly
lighter than carapace, and partially infuscated. Femur I without
inner light spot.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and about 4 tarsus
I, and equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians small and much nearer to the laterals.
Clypeus.—Very narrow ; much less than diameter of anterior lateral
eye.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with a few scopular hairs anteriorly, and with
2 spines on the under surface; metatarsal comb distinct on meta-
tarsus ITI, indistinct on IV.
Vulva.—As in fig. 69a.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1:3 mm. Total length,
3-4 mm.
ZELOTES HUMILIS, Purc.
1907. Melanophora humilis. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 331, pl. xv, figs. 60 and 61.
Specumens.—g and @ (3231 types). Ceres, Cape Province. (Dr.
W. F. Purcell, October 1897.)
2 Colour.—Light patches present on inner surfaces of femora I.
Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV, and very
slightly greater than tibia and metatarsus I.
Eyes.—Posterior medians round to subangular, and nearer to each
other than to the laterals. |
Clypeus.—Less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest diameter.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior border 2 small
teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I sparsely clothed with scopular hairs and bearing
2 fine apical and 2sub-basalspines. Metatarsi [1] and IV with strong
median apical combs.
Spinners.—Number of tubules indeterminable.
Vulva.—As in fig. 60, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Carapace, ¢ and 9, 1-3 mm.
$ Colour.—Pale area on inner surface of femora I very large.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians slightly oval and inclined inwards, nearer
to laterals posteriorly, and to each other anteriorly.
362 Annals of the South African Museum.
Clypeus, Sternum, Chelicera, and Spinners.—As in 9.
Legs.—Metatarsus I not scopulate and bearing 2 spines on under
surface ; apical combs on metatarsi III and IV strong.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 61, loc. cit.
ZELOTES INVIDA, Pure.
1907. Melanophora invida. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 328, pl. xv, fig. 47.
Specumens.—1 2 (3497 type). Bergvlet, Cape Flats. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, October 1896.)
Colour.—Distinct light patch on inner surface of femora I.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 3 tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and tarsus IV. :
Eyes.—Posterior medians slightly oval and inclined inwards, and
nearer to each other than to the laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to 1} times the diameter of an anterior
lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 5 teeth, inferior margin 3
teeth.
Sternum.—Length not much greater than the greatest width.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate almost to base, and with 2 basal
spines ; apical combs on metatarsi III and IV strong, that on meta-
tarsus IV slightly lateral.
Spinners.—Tubules retracted, 4 apparently present.
Vulva.—s in fig. 47, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3 mm.
Specimens identified from New Localities :—
Caledon; 2 99 (B 378 and B 379) and 8 $9 (150,071) (Dr.
W. F. Purcell, July 1910), the latter examples being
smaller and darker than the type.
Matjesfontein; 1 92 (150,466). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, August
1906.)
Table Mt., Platteklip Gorge; 1 9 (B 799). (R. W. Tucker,
December 1914.)
Stompneus, St. Helena Bay, Malmesbury Div.; 1 2 (B 3412).
(J. E. C. Goold, January 1902.)
Dassen Island; 1 2(B 383). (R. M. Lightfoot, April 1897.)
Alicedale ; 1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). (F. Cruden.)
Grahamstown; 1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). (J. Hewitt,
September 1916.) :
co
The Drassidae of South Africa. 36
ZELOTES LAVA, n. sp. (Fig. 698.)
Specimens :—
1 2 (B 1941 type). Beaufort West. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
October 1905.)
19(B1579). De Aar. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September 1913.)
Colour.—Medium brown, slightly mottled with black; legs and
chelicera a little lighter; abdomen testaceous, slightly infuscated
dorsally and paler ventrally ; femora of Ist legs with no light patch.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 1} tarsus I,
and slightly greater than metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—About 4 the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Diurnal in type; anterior row only slightly procurved,
posterior row slightly procurved, medians nearer to the laterals than
to each other.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 5 stout teeth; inferior border
with 3 teeth, the middle one being nearer the centre of the groove.
Sternum.—14 times as long as broad.
Legs.—Tarsus I bearing long club-shaped scopular hairs, meta-
tarsus with similar hairs which become sparser basally ; no spines on
under surface. Tarsus and metatarsus II scopulate; metatarsus
bearing 0-1 median and 2 basal spines. Metatarsus III with a very
stout apical comb of setae on the under surface; similarly with the
4th leg.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners bearing 4 stout apical tubules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 69; in the De Aar specimen the vulva is paler,
and has the lateral lines shorter and less distinct, and the basal ovals
longer and larger.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-4 mm. Total length, 6 mm.
Also 1 2 (B 3886) from Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.) This
specimen is much smaller than the type, the measurements being:
carapace, 1-3 mm.; total length, 5-7 mm. The vulva agrees with the
type, but is slightly longer and more compressed.
ZELOTES LIGHTFOOTI, Purc.
1907. Melanophora lightfooti. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 329, pl. xv, fig. 48.
Specimens.—2 92 (3251 types). Ceres, Cape Province. (R. M.
Lightfoot, October 1897.)
Colour.—Light patch on inner surface of femur I diffuse.
24
364 Annals of the South African Museum.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and 3 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians round, very slightly nearer to each other
than to the laterals.
Clypeus.—A little wider than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 5 teeth, inferior margin 2 teeth.
Sternum.—Equal in length to 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate laterally over $ length, and bearing
2 fine apical and 2 basal spines. Metatarsus ITI with strong apical
comb, IV with a smaller and more lateral comb.
Vulva.—As in fig. 48, loc. cit.
Spinners.—Bearing 5 apical fusules.
Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 3 mm.
ZELOTES MONTANA, Pure. (Fig. 70.)
1907. Melanophora montana. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
Dyo29) Dla xve tion OI:
1910. Prosthesima montana. Tullgren in Kilimandjaro - Meru
Expedition, 20 : 6, vol. i, p. 110, 9.
Specumens.—1 Q (8589 type). Top of Table Mt., Cape Town.
(Dr. W. F. Purcell, October 1900.)
Colour.—Light spot on inner surface of femur I small.
Carapace.—Length shghtly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I,
and equal to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Shghtly inclined inwards, but nearer to laterals, especially
posteriorly.
Clypeus.—Kqual to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 4 teeth, inferior with 3.
Sternum.—Lenegth not much more than greatest width.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate laterally two-thirds of length, and
with 2 basal spines on under surface ; metatarsi II] and IV with strong
apical combs.
Spinners.—With 5 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 51, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3 mm.
3 Colour.—Entirely black; ventral surface of abdomen paler, and
lung opercula light brown; dorsal scutum dark brown.
Eyes.—Posterior row straight to slightly procurved, typically diurnal
in form.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 large and 1 small teeth ; inferior
The Drassidae of South Africa. 365:
border with 2 large and | small teeth ; the small teeth being near the
base of the fang.
Legs.—Anterior tarsi lightly scopulated ; metatarsi bearing a few
scopular hairs, and 2 sub-basal spines; tarsi III and IV bearing no
scopular hairs, but bristles; metatarsi IIT and IV strongly spined,
and bearing stout apical combs of setae.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 70.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3 mm. Total length, 7 mm.
Specimens :—
1 g and 1 9 (B 4523). Table Mt. (January 1919.)
11 $d and 3 jv. 2 (B 4598). Table Mt., Lower Plateau.
(R. W. Tucker, February 1919.)
1 g¢ and jv. 2 (B 3345). Steenbras Valley. (R. W. Tucker,
October 1, 1917.)
1 g (Grahamstown Museum). Alicedale. (F. Cruden, Sep-
tember 1916.)
2 $3 (150,070). Caledon. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, July 1910.)
2 $3 (14,327). Stellenbosch, C. Province. (R. Broom, October
1904.)
1 3 (B 4723). Montagu, C. Province. (R. W. Tucker, October
1919.)
2 99 (B 2729). Gt. Winterhoek Mts., 4100 ft. (R. W. Tucker,
November 1916.)
1 2 (B 3464). Matroosberg Mts. (7500-8000 ft.). (R. W.
Tucker, December 1917.)
The specimens are slightly smaller and darker than those described
by Purcell; in addition, the vulva shows strongly a character only
weakly represented in Purcell’s specimens, and not shown in his fig. 51.
This character consists of two distinct “ tunnels ”’ in the space above
the circular plaques; they are arched over by a continuation of the
lateral curved lines, which do not merge in the median dark lines,
as fig. 51 shows, but curve down and are superimposed on them.
The arches or tunnels so formed are akin to those figured in P. fulaginea,
Purce., pl. xv, fig. 44. There is great similarity also to the vulva of
P. simom, Pure., which is sometimes not so big centrally as in fig.
49. One of the Winterhoek specimens in which the above character
is not so conspicuous agrees very well with a specimen from the
summit of Table Mountain, which shows it more strongly than the
other Peninsula specimens; one from Kalk Bay Mts. (C. Penins.)
shows the character fairly well, and one from Port Elizabeth shows
traces of it. One, however, from Table Mt. is as shown in fig. 51, the
366 Annals of the South African Museum.
arches being almost indistinguishable ; this specimen appears newly
moulted.
Also 1 9 (B 2771). Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (4800-5000 ft.). (R. W.
Tucker, November 17, 1916.)
A 2 example (B 3211) from Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia (R. W. Tucker,
April 1917), also appears referable to this species. Tullgren (loc. cit.)
records a specimen from a height of 3000-4000 ft., Kilimandjaro,
G.E. Africa, which, according to his description, is black and differs
slightly in eye formation from montana. The specimen from Salisbury
is also practically black and very large (carapace, 3-5 mm. ; total length,
9-2 mm.), but agrees with montana. The vulva is coarse, and has the
two dark central lines, figured by Purcell and Tullgren, masked or
absent. Both Cape and Rhodesian specimens have the patella and
tibia subequal to the cephalothorax, as given by Tullgren for the
EK. African example. In none, however, are the anterior median eyes
so widely separated (2 diameters) as in Tullgren’s example, and,
further, the median ocular area is wider posteriorly, 7.e. the medians
slightly nearer to the laterals than to each other. Unless the northern
examples ultimately prove to belong to a new species, P. montana
appears to have a wide distribution, namely, from C. Peninsula to
G.E. Africa.
ZELOTES MONTIVAGA, n. sp. (Fig. 71.)
Specimens.—1 2 (B 3503 type). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres, 4500 ft.
(R. W. Tucker, November 1917.)
Colour.—Carapace and sternum nearly black; legs similar but
slightly lighter distally ; femora of Ist legs with usual lateral hight
marking. Abdomen dull testaceous, strongly infuscated dorsally.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia, metatarsus, } tarsus I, and
to metatarsus and 2 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians round, much nearer to laterals.
Clypeus.—Subequal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Inferior border muticous; superior border bearing 4
teeth.
Sternum.—Length equal to 1} times greatest breadth.
Legs.—|st and 2nd legs without spines on the under surface.
Tarsi IIIT and IV well clothed with bristles on the under surface ;
legs otherwise not so heavily spined as is usual. Metatarsal comb
on 3rd leg weak and small ; practically absent on 4th metatarsus.
Vulva.—As in fig. 71.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5-2 mm.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 367
ZELOTES NATALENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 72.)
Specimens.—1 2 (B 1326 type). Inyalazi River, Natal. (H. W.
Bell Marley, July 1915.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, mottled with black; coxae of
legs light brown; legs dark, the tarsi and metatarsi being reddish
in colour. Dorsal surface of abdomen infuscated olivaceous in colour ;
ventral surface paler. Femur or Ist leg without lateral light.
patches.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and # metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and ? tarsus I.
Clypeus.—Slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Anterior laterals much larger than the medians; posterior
row very slightly procurved ; medians as large as laterals, subangular
and much nearer to each other than to laterals.
Sternum.—Slightly longer than broad.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior border with 3
smaller teeth.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate; metatarsus not scopulate, but bearing
2 basal spines on the under surface. Tarsus II not scopulate, meta-
tarsus with 1 median and 2 basal spines. Tarsus III densely clothed
with bristle-like hairs on the under surface, and metatarsus with a
strong apical comb of setae; 4th leg similar, and metatarsus twice the
length of the tarsus.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5 stout apical tubules.
Vulva.—s in fig. 72.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-8 mm. Total length, 7 mm.
This species greatly resembles Camillina in eye formation.
ZELOTES O‘NEILI, Pure.
Melanophora o'neili. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx, p. 332,
pl. xv, fig. 62.
Specimens.—2 99 (5277 types). Dunbrody, Uitenhage Div.
(Rev. J. A. O*Neil.)
Colour.—Light patch on inner surface of femora I very distinct.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I, and
slightly exceeding metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians subangular, nearer to laterals than to
each other.
Clypeus.—Barely equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
368 Annals of the South African Museum.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 large teeth, inferior border
muticous.
Sternum.—Lenegth equal to 14 or more times the greatest width.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate almost to base and spineless ; meta-
tarsi III and IV with strong apical median combs.
Spinners.—Number of fusules indeterminable.
Vulva.—As in fig. 62, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-4 mm.
ZELOTES ORNATA, n. sp. (Fig. 73.)
Specomens :—
19 (B 2859 type). Gt. Winterhoek Mts., 4500-5000 ft. (R. M.
Lightfoot, November 20, 1916.)
1 @ (B 2545).: Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (R. W. Tucker
April 4-14, 1916.)
Colour.—Carapace dark mahogany brown; legs very slightly
lighter. Dorsal surface of abdomen infuscated, ventral surface
slightly paler. Sternum, coxae, and mouth-parts dark brown. Light
patches on inner surface, and outer under surface of femur I only
moderately distinct.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Posterior medians round and nearer to laterals.
Sternum.—Shghtly longer than broad.
Clypeus.—EKqual to diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Inferior border muticous ; superior border with 3 stout
teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsi I and II with 0-1 basal and 1 lateral spines on the
lower surface. Metatarsus III with a strong apical comb of bristles
on under surface; metatarsus IV with a stout but small apical
comb.
Vulva.—As in fig. 73.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2-6 mm. in length. Total length, 6 mm.
Species allied to Z. invicta (Purc.).
ZELOTES PALLIDIPES, n. sp. (Fig. 74.)
Specimens.—1 Q (No. B 2134 type). Nomptsas, 8.W. Africa.
(R. W. Tucker, December 23, 1915.) Percy Sladen Memorial
Expedition.
Colour.—Carapace almost black, and with radiating and mottled
The Drassidae of South Africa. 369
infuscations ; legs dark brown, femora tinged olivaceous, tarsi lighter ;
no distinct light patch on femur I inner surface. Abdomen pale
testaceous below, and infuscated and wrinkled above. Spinners dark
brown ; sternum, coxae, etc., medium brown.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and 2 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior laterals larger than the medians ; anterior medians
small, round, and situated on a slight protuberance, which, seen from
above, gives the anterior row a slightly recurved appearance; seen
from in front, the row is slightly procurved. Posterior row straight
and wider than the anterior row; medians small, round, slightly
nearer to the laterals than to each other; laterals much larger than
the medians.
Clypeus.—A little less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—With 2 blunt projections on the posterior border, and
1 large blunt tooth and an adjacent small one on the anterior border.
Sternum.—Nearly 14 times as long as broad.
Legs.—Anterior legs spineless, and with sparse bristle-like scopulae
on the tarsi. Tibia of the Ist leg slightly longer and much stouter
than the metatarsus. Posterior legs bearing moderately stout spines
save on the tarsi, which are clothed with strong bristles or short fine
spines on the under surface. Metatarsus III bearing an imperfect
comb of long bristles on the lower anterior border; metatarsus IV
apparently lacking a comb. Posterior tarsal claws long and bearing
4—5 strong teeth.
Pedipalps.—Patella longer and stouter than the tibia ; tibia, tarsus,
and palpal organ as in fig. 74.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with a fringe of hairs and fusules
(number indeterminable) on the outer apex; in length slightly ex-
ceeding the median, and twice as long as the superior spinners.
Measurements.—Length, 3:9 mm. Carapace, 1-6 mm. in length.
ZELOTES PEDIMACULOSA, n. sp. (Fig. 75.)
Specimens.—3 99 (B 5247 types). Windhuk, 8.W.A. Prot. (R. W.
Tucker, January 1920.)
Colour.—Carapace very dark brown, mottled black. Abdomen
erey black dorsally, dull testaceous laterally. Sternum brown,
coxae lighter. Anterior legs similar in colour to carapace ; tarsi and
metatarsi lighter; posterior pair of legs mottled hght and dark; pro-
nounced light patch on inner surface of femur I.
370 Annals of the South African Museum.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia, metatarsus, and about } tarsus
I, and to metatarsus and nearly 3 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians round, nearer to laterals than to each
other.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 2.
Sternum.—Slightly longer than broad (nearly 14 times greatest
breadth).
Clypeus.—Less than diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—-Tarsi I and II entirely scopulate; metatarsus sparsely
scopulate and spineless. Legs III and IV without scopular hairs,
but bearing bristles on tarsi and bristles and spines on metatarsi.
Metatarsus III bearing strong apical comb of bristles ; [TV with comb
weak or lacking.
Vulva.—As in fig. 75. Cf. Z. montivaga, n. sp.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 5 mm.
ZELOTES PULCHRIPES, Pure.
1908. Melanophora pulchripes. Purcellin Schultze, Forschungsreise
in Sudafrika, vol. i, p. 238, pl. xi, figs. 22 and 23.
“ Specimens.—l1 3g and 1 @. Steinkopf, Little Namaqualand.
(L. Schultze, July 1904.)
“3 (type). Colour.—Cephalothorax testaceous, the margins
narrowly blackened; abdomen deep black, slightly irridescent, the
underside slightly paler in the middle, the lung opercula and the area
between them pale yellowish; sternum, coxae of pedipalps, and
chelicera testaceous ; legs pale ochraceous, the 2 anterior pairs much
blackened on the femora, patellae, and tibiae; third and fourth pairs
with a black distal patch on each side of the femora, fourth pair also
with a black distal spot on each side of the patella and a long black
patch on each side of the tibia, extending over more than the distal
half of the segment; tibiae and metatarsi pale ochraceous.
*“* Anterior row of eyes strongly procurved, the laterals larger than
the medians ; posterior row straight, distinctly wider than the anterior
row, the eyes equidistant, the laterals a trifle larger than the
medians.
“ Chelicera.—With 1 large and 3 small teeth on superior margin,
but none on inferior margin.
“ Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 spines below, but without scopula ;
tibia I unspined.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 371
“ Pedipalps.—Femur sinuated on outer side at distal end, the sinus
with a short stout spine at its proximal end ; patella a little longer than
the tibia ; tibia short, without the usual outer spur at apex, but with
a short apical spine above ; palpal organ as in pl. x1, fig. 22, the distal
end with a short horizontal plate projecting forwards and outwards,
and provided on medial side with a small tooth directed downwards
and a slender spine projecting forwards and outwards.
“0. Abdomen paler, the legs much less blackened, the posterior
pairs almost entirely pale ochraceous.
“* Legs.—Anterior pair spined as in the 3.
“ Chelicera.—With a distinct inferior tooth in addition to the
superior ones.
** Vulva.—As in pl. xi, fig.23, loc. cit.
* Length.— 3, 34 mm.; 9, 5 mm.
“ This little species is prettily coloured and is well characterised by
the structure of the femur and tibia of $. In 2 anterior row of eyes
are abortive.” (W. F. P.)
ZELOTES REDUNCA, Pure.
1907. Melanophora redunca. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 329, pl. xv, fig. 50.
Specimens.—3 99 (3394 types). Salt River, Cape Town. (Dr.
W. F. Purcell, April 1896.)
Colour.—Light patch on inner surface of femur present, but in-
distinct.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and % tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians subangular, very slightly nearer to the
laterals.
Clypeus.—Slightly greater than the diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 3, possibly 4 teeth, inferior margin
2 or 3.
Sternum.—Leneth slightly greater than the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate almost to base, and with 2 basal
spines. Metatarsi III and IV with strong apical combs.
Spinners.—Tubules retracted and indeterminable.
Vulva.—As in fig. 50, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3 mm.
372 Annals of the South African Museum.
ZELOTES RUFIPES, n. sp. (Fig. 76, A and B.)
Specumens.—3 99 and 3 $5 (B 3255 types). Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia.
(R. W. Tucker, April 1917.)
2 Colour.—Carapace dark brown, with marginal and slight radial
infuscations. Legs dark olivaceous brown from femora to tibiae ;
metatarsi and tarsi lighter, redder brown (in a newly moulted Q the
distinction is very clear); femora of Ist leg without light patches.
Abdomen testaceous, completely infuscated on the upper surface, but
less so underneath. Sternum medium brown; coxae lighter and
slightly olivaceous.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4-1 tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Diurnal type. Posterior medians subangular and oblique,
and nearer to each other posteriorly than to the laterals. Clypeus
equal in depth to the diameter of an anterior lateral.
Sternum.—About 14 times as long as broad.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 3 strong teeth; inferior margin
with 3 small teeth, the proximal one being minute.
Legs.—Tarsus I slightly scopulate, and with a line of fine bristles down
the under surface ; metatarsus with a few bristles and scopular hairs
anteriorly on the lower surface ; 3-4 of the apical bristles being spini-
form ; also with 2 spines basally. Tarsi and metatarsi IT similar, but
metatarsus with 2 median spines also. Posterior legs heavily spined.
Tarsus III densely clothed with bristles on the lower surface ; meta-
tarsus with a strong apical comb. Tarsus IV not so densely clothed
as III; metatarsus also with a strong apical comb.
Vulva.—As in fig. 76a.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5 apical tubules.
3 Colour.—As in. Dorsal surface of abdomen with a dark brown
scutum anteriorly, extending over 2 of the entire length. Ventral
surface with a lighter brown epigastric scutum.
Eyes and Sternum.—As in 8.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and # or more metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and }—2 tarsus IV.
Chelicera.—Superior border armed with 5 teeth, inferior border
with 4 smaller ones; in each case the proximal two are smaller than
the others.
Legs.—Tarsus I with a few scopula-like hairs on the under surface ;
metatarsus with 4 stout spines on the under surface ; the two on the
outer edge being closer together than those on the inner. Tarsus II
The Drassidae of South Africa. 313
also with a few scopular hairs and a line of bristles down the centre ;
metatarsus also with 4 spines. Metatarsi III and IV with stout
apical combs.
Pedipalps.—Femur with 2 distal and 1 nearly median spines on the
dorsal surface. Patella much larger than the tibia, furnished on the
outer under side with an apical projection and a brush of long stiff
hairs. Tibia bearing the usual apical projection. Palpal organ as
in fig. 76B.
Measurements.—Carapace (largest examples), 9 2-9 mm., g 3 mm.
in length. Total length, 9 6-7 mm., g 7-6 mm.
Two 22 (B 2390) from Cookhouse (Somerset East), taken by Dr.
W. F. Purcell, October 1905, conform to this species. They do not
show such distinct bicolouration of the legs as in the Salisbury
specimens, the legs being more uniformly rufous. The slight lighten-
ing or reddening of the tarsi and metatarsi, however, is fairly common
among Zelotes.
Also 1 2 (150,621). Durban, Natal. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September
1905.)
12 99 and 5 go (B 4156). Mfongosi, Zululand. (W. E. Jones,
February 1918.)
19 (B 4876). Acornhoek, E. Transvaal, Low Veld. (R. W. Tucker,
December 1918.)
1 ¢ (B 228). Burghersdorp, O.F.S. (Dr. Kannemeyer), appears
referable to this species; the specimen, however, issomewhat damaged.
ZELOTES SCLATERI, n. sp. (Fig. 77.)
Specumens.—1 @ (14,425 type). Korokoro, Basutoland. (L.
Sclater, 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown with radiate infuscation; legs a
little lighter than the carapace, and becoming slightly paler distally ;
femur I with light patch on inner and outer surfaces. Abdomen
strongly infuscated dorsally and ventrally.
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia, metatarsus, and 4 tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and % tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—Equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Posterior medians slightly inclined inwards; nearer to
laterals than to each other.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 stout teeth, inferior border
with 2 denticles.
Legs.—Metatarsus I slightly scopulated anteriorly and bearing 2
374 Annals of the South African Museum.
spines basally on the under surface, metatarsus II similar. Tarsus
TII bearing bristles, but no scopular hairs ; metatarsus heavily spined,
IVth leg similar.
Vulva.—As in fig. 77.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-6 mm. Total length, 6 mm.
ZELOTES SIMONI, Purcell.
1907. Melanophora simoni. Purcell in A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 329, pl. xv, fig. 49.
Specimens.—3 99 (4343 types). Hout Bay, C. Penins. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, March 1898.)
Colour.—Light patch on inner side femora I absent. :
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and } tarsus I,
and to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians slightly nearer to laterals.
Clypeus.— Wider than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum.—Length not quite 14 times the diameter of an anterior
lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior border with 2
teeth.
Spinners.—Bearing 4 apical tubules.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate almost to base, bearing 2 basal spines ;
metatarsi III and IV with strong apical combs.
Vulva.—As in fig. 49, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-6 mm.
ZELOTES UNGULA, n. sp. (Fig. 78, a and B.)
Specimens :—
1 g and 1 9 (B 4158 types). Mfongosi, Zululand. (W. EH.
Jones, February 1918.)
1 g (8437) and 1 g (12,482). Dunbrody. (Fr. O’Neil, 1906.)
2 Colour.—Carapace medium brown, slightly olivaceous, mottled,
and with slight radiate infuscations. Abdomen black dorsally, and
very slightly lighter ventrally. Sternum, coxae, etc., light brown.
Legs dark and tinged olivaceous as far as the metatarsi; tarsi and
metatarsi light orange red.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—About 2 the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 375
Eyes.—Posterior medians round to subangular, equidistant from
each other and laterals, or nearer each other.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior border with
4 smaller teeth.
Legs.—Tarsus I clothed with stout hairs, but apparently without
scopular hairs on the under surface; metatarsus without scopular
hairs, and bearing 2 spines towards the base of the under surface ;
2nd leg similar, metatarsus with 2 additional spines distally. Tarsus
III clothed with stout bristles on the under surface, metatarsus well
spined and bearing a strong comb of bristles apically and slightly
towards the outer surface; IVth leg similar; comb of bristles on
metatarsus very dense and more towards the centre. Tarsal claws
strongly dentate.
Spinners.—With 5 apical fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 784, occupying the entire space between the
lung operculae; on one side, the loop immediately above the basal
circular “‘ plaques’ is underdeveloped, and on the other side over-
developed ; they are figured, however, as symmetrical.
3 Colour.—Shightly darker than the 9 ; abdomen with a dark brown
dorsal scutum extending over nearly 4 the total length.
Carapace.—EKqual in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians subangular, close together, and sub-
equal to the laterals.
Clypeus.—Half the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—As in 2; inferior basal tooth very small.
Legs.—Similar to the 2; metatarsus I with the addition of an
anterior spine on the inner side of the under surface.
Spinners.—Bearing 4 apical tubules, as in 9.
Pedipalps.—Tarsus broad, clothed dorsally with hairs, of which the
anterior ones are fine and scopular-like; palpal organ as in fig. 788,
bearing 2 claw-like processes, and a long curved style. Tibia bearing
a stout apical process on the outer side, and a ridge-like projection
apically on the inner side; dorsal surface thickly clothed with long
black hair.
Measurements—Length of carapace, g¢ and 9, 2.5 mm. Total
length, ¢ and 9, 5-5 mm.
The specimens from Dunbrody are larger in size than type specimens:
No. 8434 measuring 3 mm. carapace and 6-5 mm. total length; No.
12,432, 3-7 mm. and 6-8 mm. respectively. Further, they are redder in
colour, and the abdomen more testaceous, whilst the eyes tend towards
376 Annals of the South African Museum.
the formation shown in Camellina. The palpal organ, however,
undoubtedly coincides with Z. angula.
Also 1 $ (Grahamstown Museum). Alicedale. (F. Cruden.)
1 g (Grahamstown Museum). Steytlerville. (Miss B. Geard,
December 1916.)
ZELOTES VESPERTILIONIS, n. sp. (Fig. 79, a and B.)
Specimens.—2 99 and 2 gg (B 3095 types); 1 3S (B 3252); and
1 @ (B 3212). Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W. Tucker, April
UNSNZ/.)
2 Colour.—Carapace dark brown, infuscated marginally, and with
slight radiate infuscations. Legs slightly lighter and redder distally.
Abdomen infuscated testaceous on the upper surface, and paler below.
Sternum and mouth-parts reddish brown; coxae lighter brown. No
light areas on femora of Ist legs.
Carapace.—Length subequal to tibia and metatarsus I, and equal
to metatarsus and at least $ tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Moderately large, conforming to the diurnal arrangement
save that the posterior medians are slightly nearer to each other than
to the laterals. Clypeus deeper than the diameter of an anterior
median eye, but less than } the diameter of an anterior lateral.
Sternum.—Length 14 times the greatest breadth.
Labium.—Nearly twice as long as broad.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 4 strong teeth; inferior margin
with 4 smaller ones, the proximal one being minute.
Legs.—Tarsi I and II slightly scopulate. Metatarsi I and II with
1 median and 2 basal spines on the under surface. Metatarsi III and
IV heavily spined, and each furnished with a dense apical comb of
setae on the under surface. Tarsal claws strongly toothed.
Vulva.—As in fig. 79a.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 7-8 dark apical tubules.
$ Colour.—As in 2. Abdomen with a dark brown dorsal scutum
extending over } of its length. Ventral surface with a lighter brown
epigastric scutum, bearing a lip-like generative opening.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and nearly 2? metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—As in 9; posterior medians nearly touching each other.
Sternum.—As 1n @.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 4 teeth, the middle ones being the
largest ; inferior margin with 3 small teeth.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 377
Legs.—Tarsi I and II not scopulated. Metatarsus I bearing no
spines; metatarsus II with 1 median and 2 basal spines on the under
surface. Metatarsi III and IV with strong apical combs.
Pedipalps.—Femur bearing 3 spines distally on dorsal surface ;
patella smaller than tibia; latter bearing a stout, blunt apical pro-
jection on outer surface. Palpal organ as in fig. 79B.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 7 apical tubules.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2? 4:3 mm., g 3:7 mm.long. Total length
(chelicera to end of abdomen), 9 10-2 mm., g¢ 9 mm.
Also 2 99 (B 3864). Salisbury. (Rev. J. O’Neil, 1917.)
1 2 (B 3889). Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.)
ZELOTES VRYBURGENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 80.)
Specumens.—1 2 (B 3326 type). Vryburg. (J. S. Brown, April
IIS IETe)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown centrally, and almost black anteriorly
and marginally ; general appearance mottled. Abdomen dark grey,
with testaceous mottlings. Sternum very dark brown; coxae lighter
and mottled above and below. Legs dark olivaceous brown, lighter
and slightly redder distally. Femora of Ist legs with an almost white
patch on the inner surface, and a similar patch extending over the
entire length of the under portion of the outer surface.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and $ tarsus IV.
Clypeus.—Slightly exceeding the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Posterior medians round, much nearer to laterals than to
each other.
Sternum.—Leneth only slightly exceeding the greatest breadth.
Chelicera.—Superior border bearing 4 teeth, of which the two middle
ones are the largest; inferior border with 2 small teeth.
Legs.—Tarsus | bearing a scopula of club-shaped hairs ; metatarsus
also with similar hairs, especially anteriorly ; and two spines basally
on the under surface. Tarsus and metatarsus II similar, but the
metatarsus with an additional median spine on the inner border of
the under surface. Metatarsi III and IV with the usual apical comb
of bristles.
Vulva.—As in fig. 80; anterior border overlapped by dense
black hairs.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5 apical tubules.
Measurements.—Carapace 3:1 mm.inlength. Total length, 9-8 mm.
378 Annals of the South African Museum.
ZELOTES ZONOGNATHA, Pure.
1907. Melanophora zonognatha. Purcellin A.M.N.H., ser. 7, vol. xx,
p. 331, pl. xv, figs. 58 and 59.
Specomens.—4 9° (13,883 types), 4 gg (11,971). Hierfontein, near
Hanover. (8. C. Schreiner, December 1901—February 1902.)
2 Colour.—No light patch on inner surface of femora I.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and = metatarsus I, and
slightly less than metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians nearer to the laterals than to each
other.
Clypeus.—Less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior margin with 5 teeth, one of which is very small ;
inferior with 3, two of which are medium sized.
Sternum.—Length at least 14 times the greatest width.
Spinners.—Bearing 6 apical fusules.
Legs.—Metatarsus scopulate nearly to base and spineless; meta-
tarsi III and IV with strong apical combs.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, g and 2, 2:6 mm.
3 Colour, Clypeus, and Chelicera.—As in Q.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to meta-
tarsus and ? tarsus I.
Eyes.—Posterior medians equidistant from laterals and each other,
or perhaps slightly nearer to the laterals.
Sternum.—Length barely equal to 1} times the greatest width.
Spinners.—Bearing 5-6 apical fusules.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate anteriorly and bearing no spines ;
metatarsus III with strong setal comb, IV with a moderate comb.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 59, loc. cit.
ZELOTES ALBANICUS, Hewitt.
1915. Melanophora albanicus. Hewitt Records, Albany Museum,
vol. iii, No. 2, p. 100, fig. 8B.
Specimens.—1 Q type (Grahamstown Museum). Grahamstown.
(C. Sole, July 1901.)
Colour.—Light patch present on inner surface of femur I.
Carapace.—EKqual in length to tibia, metatarsus, and } tarsus I, and
to metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior medians much nearer to laterals.
Sternum.—Length only slightly exceeding greatest breadth.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 319
Clypeus.—-Equal to nearly 1} times diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Chelicera.—Inferior border with 1 tooth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate nearly to base, and bearing 2 basal
spines ; strong apical comb on metatarsus IIT, comb on metatarsus IV
weak and lateral.
Vulva.—See fig. 8B, loc. cit. Anterior lateral shading shown is not
apparent in specimen. The main distinction between this species
and Z. gooldi is that the central portion of the vulva is narrower than
the lateral portions; the species is undoubtedly very narrowly
separated from gooldz.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3mm. Total length, 7-2 mm.
ZELOTES FULIGINOIDES, Hewitt.
1915. Melanophora fuliginoides. Hewitt in Records, Albany
Museum, vol. ii, No. 2, p. 101, fig. 8a.
Specumens.—1 Q type (Grahamstown Museum). Grahamstown.
(J. Hewitt.)
Colour.—Light patch on inner side of femora dull and inconspicuous.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus I, and to meta-
tarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Medians round and decidedly nearer to the laterals.
Clypeus.—Shghtly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 2.
Sternum.—Shightly longer than broad.
Legs.—Metatarsus I without scopula, and with 2 fine basal spines ;
metatarsi III and IV with strong apical combs.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners with 5 apical tubules.
Vulva.See text-fig. 8a, loc. cit. In appearance the vulva bears
considerable resemblance to that of various specimens of montana,
to which the species is undoubtedly closely allied.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-1 mm.
Gen. POECILOCHROA, Westr.
Key to 2 Species.
(4). 1. Superior border of chelicera with 3 teeth, inferior with one small tooth.
(3). 2. Clypeus scarcely exceeding diameter of anterior lateral eye : vnvoluta.
(2). 3. Clypeus twice diameter of anterior lateral eye a - anomalus.
(1). 4. Superior border of chelicera with 1 tooth, inferior border ach 0-1 denticles.
5. Clypeus scarcely exceeding diameter of anterior lateral eye - capensis.
25
380 Annals of the South African Museum.
POECILOCHROA CAPENSIS, Strand.
1909. Poecilochroa capensis. Strand in Deutsch Sudpolar Exped.,
1901-3, Bd. 10, Hit. 5, p. 552.
** Locality.—Fishoek, C. Penins. 1 subadult 9, July 8, 1903.
‘* Cephalothorax.—Black to light brownish, with white appressed
hairs. Sternum pure black. Mandibles brown internally, and lighter
redder apically. Ocular region deep black; maxillae and labium
black, former with whitish anterior and inner border. Legs brownish
black, and on I and II the joints are yellow from, and including,
patellae onwards; the former, however, are somewhat infuscated.
On III and IV only metatarsi and tarsi are yellowish. Abdomen
deep black above, with weak metallic shimmer, and with pure white
markings at the basis, in middle an indistinct patch, and on each
shoulder an angular spot; these spots are distant from one another
by fully their diameter. Over the middle of the abdomen a narrow
cross band, beginning from the margin of the belly area, narrowly
interrupted dorsally, and bent convexly forward from the lower half
of sides; near end of back 2 small spots, distant from one another by
breadth of all the spinnerettes ; belly with 2 white, somewhat elongated
longitudinal spots in middle, distant from one another by fully their
breadth, and diverging slightly in front.
Spinnerettes.—Brownish black, scarcely darker at ends.
“ Eyes.—Seen in fluid. Posterior row straight, eyes equally large, or
perhaps the side eyes alittle larger. Middle eyes diverging posteriorly,
distant from one another by double their longest diameter, and a little
further distant from the side eyes. Front row shorter and so strongly
procurved that a straight line drawn tangential to the lower margin of
middle eyes will pass through the centre of the side eyes. Middle
eyes largest of all eyes, distant from one another $ their diameter, and
almost touching the side eyes; the latter 1 diameter from the clypeus
margin. Median ocular area as broad anteriorly as posteriorly, but
longer than broad.
‘* Chelicera.—Upper margin with 1 small tooth, lower margin 0-1
granules ; upper margin also with a row of bent bristles.
“ Epigyne.—Unripe ; epigaster coloured like the belly ; behind, in
the middle of the groove, is a small white spot ; somewhat farther in
front are 2 smallish, round grey spots, forming a cross band; distant
from one another by less than their diameter, and forming with the
posterior spot a triangle, which is longer than anterior breadth.
** Legs.—Tarsal claws toothed and bearing fascicles which are formed
The Drassidae of South Africa. 381
of remarkably strongly widened hairs. Tarsi I and II scopulate,
III and IV with bristles only, or mixed with scopular hairs on sides.
Metatarsi I and II scopulate in apical 3. All femora dorsally, near
base with 1 long outstanding spine, as also | or 1-1 above ; in addition,
III and IV at least each with | spine in front and behind on the point ;
3, in addition, above, in front, in the middle, 1. All patellae above
at point with 1 bristle, which sometimes can be very long and fine ;
patella IIT always with 1 spine posteriorly in centre. Metatarsi I and
II with 1, sometimes 2 spines on under surface. Tibia I with | spine
anteriorly on under surface ; posterior tibiae and metatarsi with many
spines.
“Very fine thoracic stria present.
* Abdomen.—Broadly elliptical, both endsequally bluntened, flattened
above. Lower spinnerettes long, about equal to the front tarsi, broadly
truncate apically, also slightly curved convexly outwards, and distant
from one another by scarcely their breadth ; upper ones 2 as long as
lower body length.”
PoECILOCHROA ANOMALUS, Hewitt. (Fig. 81.)
1915. Xerophoeus anomalus. Hewitt in Records, Albany Museum,
vol. i, No. 2, p. 98, fig. 6.
Specimens :—
1 2 (5141 type). Pocaltsdorp, George Div., C. Col. (Miss L.
Leipoldt.)
1 2 and jv. (B 1994). Grahamstown. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
October 6, 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace dark brown with radiate infuscations and
mottling ; abdomen testaceous, infuscated dorsally ; sternum, coxae,
etc., light brown; femora of legs dark, patellae pale yellow, tibiae
pale brown ; femora I with light patch as in Prosthesima. Carapace,
abdomen, and sternum without pubescence.
Eyes.—Anterior row lightly procurved; medians larger than the
laterals and touching them. Posterior row straight, eyes practically
equidistant, medians smaller than the laterals. Median ocular area
rectangular, and longer than wide. Clypeus twice the diameter of
an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 contiguous teeth, the middle one
being the largest ; inferior border with | small tooth.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I scopulate to the base; metatarsus
bearing one basal spine; tibia with 1 apical and 1 anterior median
382 Annals of the South African Museum.
spine on the under surface ; 2nd leg similar. Metatarsus III sparsely
scopulate, and bearing no anterior comb of bristles ; tarsus [V bearing
bristles and a few scopular hairs on the under surface; metatarsus
long, heavily spined, and also without an apical comb.
Vulva.—aAs in fig. 81: fig. 6, loc. cit. Hewitt, does not seem to
adequately represent the actual formation, which is as in figure
given.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2mm. Total length, 6-4 mm.
The specimen from Grahamstown (B 1994) is much darker, especially
in the sternum and legs, and bears whitish appressed hairs on the
carapace; the abdomen is also clothed, and not bare as in type.
The abdomen also bears a dark central anterior band, indistinct
bands of whitish hairs anteriorly, and scattered hairs posteriorly. -
Clypeus less than twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Tibia I with a basal spine in addition to those mentioned above.
Vulva identical but somewhat longer.
Also 1 2 (14,694) from Kentani. (H. P. Abernethy, 1909.) This
specimen agrees with type.
POECILOCHROA INVOLUTA, n. sp. (Fig. 82.)
Specimens.—1 2 (7923 type). Avontuur, near Stromsvlei, Swellen-
dam Div. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, August 1900.)
Colour.—Carapace very dark, infuscated marginally, and with an
infuscated network from the median ocular area to the stria.
Abdomen dull grey brown, very slightly lighter on the under surface.
Sternum, coxae, femora, etc., dark; legs lghter from patellae
onwards ; pedipalps and apices of chelicera, pale. Femur I bearing a
light patch on the external surface. Integument clothed with light
brown sparse pubescence; present also on the sternum and
carapace.
Eyes.—Anterior row close together, and procurved; medians
slightly larger than the laterals and touching them. Posterior row
straight, medians subangular, inclined inwards, and slightly nearer to
each other than to the laterals. Clypeus slightly exceeding the
diameter of an anterior eye.
Chelicera.—As in anomalus.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I scopulate to the base; metatarsus
I with 1 inner basal spine ; tibia with 1 apical, 1 median, and 1 basal
spine, and bearing a few scopular hairs anteriorly. Metatarsus II
with 2 basal spines, tibia with 2 apical and 1 median spine.
83
cs
The Drassidae of South Africa.
Tarsus IV scopulated anteriorly on the under surface; metatarsus
long and heavily spined.
Vulva.—As in fig. 82.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2-4 mm. long. Total length, 6-4 mm.
Gen. LATONIGENA, Sim.
LATONIGENA AFRICANA, n. sp. (Fig. 83.)
Specumens.—
19 (B 3448 type). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres (3500 ft.). (R. W.
Tucker, January 1917.)
1 2 (150,696). Howich, Natal. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September
1905.)
Colour.—Carapace yellowish brown, clothed with sparse dark hairs ;
legs slightly lighter than the carapace, and, especially in the case of
the anterior legs, darker distally ; abdomen uniform dull testaceous.
Carapace.—Oval, narrowing anteriorly, moderately convex, and
with the median stria practically absent.
Hyes.—Anterior row from in front straight to recurved; medians
much larger than the laterals and closer to them than to each other.
Posterior row hardly wider than the anterior row and lightly pro-
curved; medians subangular, inclined inwards, larger than the
laterals, and slightly nearer to them than to each other; laterals
subequal to the anterior laterals and close to them. Clypeus equal to
the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum.—Narrow oval, and slightly produced anteriorly.
Chelicera.—Inferior border inconspicuous and muticuous ; superior
border resembling T, fig. 327, Hist. Nat. des Araign, Simon, p. 364;
the curve being somewhat less prominent.
Labium.—Long, extending the length of the maxille, and tapering
slightly anteriorly ; laminated laterally and anteriorly ; maxillae long,
constricted medially and slightly wider anteriorly than posteriorly ;
also with laminated inner borders.
Legs.—Short and moderately stout; tarsus I scopulate and spine-
less ; metatarsus bearing a few scopular hairs and 0-1 weak spines ;
tibia stout and not scopulate, bearing 0-1 spines on the under surface ;
2nd leg similar, but not quite so stout. Legs III] and IV well spined ;
tarsi moderately scopulate and bearing numerous spines on the under
surface. All tarsi bearing dense fascicles and strongly dentate claws.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners short and cylindrical, over } their
384 Annals of the South African Museum.
leneth apart; tubules retracted ; apices fringed with plumose hairs ;
median, spinners slender, close together, and about the same length as
the inferior spinners. Superior spinners wide apart and bearing a
small apical segment. Distinct anal tubercle above the spinners.
Vulva.—s in fig. 83.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 mm. Total length, 7-5 mm.
(abdomen distended).
The specimen from Natal agrees with above details, but is darker
and redder in colour, and the abdomen is normal in size. (Carapace,
25mm. Total length, 5-5 mm.)
This is the first record of this genus from 8. Africa, and in some
respects it diverges from the 8. American type; the anterior median
eyes are much larger, the anterior row is not procurved, and its
clypeus is barely equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye ;
also, the posterior median eyes are oval and slightly larger than the
laterals.
Apart from these ocular differences, the specimens agree with the
generic description, and it seems valid to record that genus as now
occurring in 8. Africa.
DIAPHRACTUS LEIPOLDTI, Pure.
1907. D. levpoldti. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 318,
jolly oatutih, aiiegs 1G).
1915. D. kalaharicus. Hewitt in Rec. Albany Museum, vol. iii,
NORA Da OO hoe:
Specumens.—
1 Q (3581 type). Rondegat, S.E. Clanwilliam. (G. Leipoldt,
1898.)
1 2 (Grahamstown Museum). N.W. Gordonia. (C. A.
Anderson.)
Colour.—Carapace pale reddish brown, darker anteriorly; legs
yellow, anterior pairs redder distally. Sternum and mouth parts light
reddish brown; abdomen testaceous. Appressed hairs of abdomen,
legs, erc., plumose at base; similar hairs are also present on
Xerophaeus.
Carapace.—Width across posterior row of eyes about 2 greatest
width. Length equal to patella, tibia, and about $ metatarsus I, and
to tibia, metatarsus, and } metatarsus IV.
Clypeus.—Equal to about 4 the diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Eyes.—Anterior row almost straight; eyes about equidistant,
The Drassidae of South Africa. 385
medians a little larger. Posterior row wider, very slightly procurved ;
medians smaller than the laterals and much farther from them than
from each other.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border muticous.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate to base, and with 2 basal spines.
Tibia I with very few scopular hairs anteriorly on inner side, and with
3 spines down inner side and 2 down outer side of under surface.
Tarsus IV scopulate to base.
Vulva.—As in Pureell’s fig. 19, loc. cit. The 2 longitudinal mark-
ings depicted in the middle portion are contiguous anteriorly, thus
leaving a median pale line which is shown in Hewitt’s fig. 7, loc. cit. ;
also the lateral anterior curves of the median portion, depicted in
Hewitt’s fig., are present also in Purcell’s type, but are faint and not
shown in the figure.
Measurements.—Anterior width of carapace, 2 mm. Length of
carapace, 4 mm.
Gen. SCOTOPHAEUS, Simon.
Key to 98.
(4). 1. Anterior width of carapace equal to or exceeding $ the greatest width.
(3). 2. Anterior median eyes 4 a diameter or less apart ; inferior border of chelicera
muticous E : : : j F : 3 5 lamperti.
(2). 3. Anterior median eyes over }a diameter apart, inferior border of chelicera
with 1 tooth . : : ¢ : ¢ . : . relegatus.
(1). 4. Anterior width of carapace less than } the greatest width.
(6). 5. Posterior border of maxillae slightly emarginate . : 0 marleyt.
(5). 6. Posterior border of maxillae not emarginate . : : é purcellt.
ScoOTOPHAEUS LAMPERTI, Strand.
1906. S. lamperti. Strand in Jahrb. Nass. Vereins f. Nuturkunde,
59, p. 28.
“* Cephalothorax.—Anterior width more than } greatest width.
Length equal to tibia, metatarsus and } tarsus I and to metatarsus
and ? tarsus IV.
““ Hyes.—Anterior medians } a diameter apart. Posterior row
weakly procurved, exceeding the length of the anterior row by well
over the diameter of a lateral eye; median eyes } their longest
diameter part, and well over a long diameter from the laterals.
“ Clypeus.—Subequal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
386 Annals of the South African Museum.
“ Ohelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with
none.
“* Sternum.—Widest portion between coxae II and III; equally
narrowed at both ends, short, and not sharply pointed; truncate
in front, and not much broader than labium at base.
* Legs.—Tibia I apparently without scopula; bearing 1 apical and
1 median spines.
“ Vulva.—(Undeveloped). Appears as 2 small brownish longi-
tudinal spots, distant from one another by more than their diameter,
and situate immediately in front of epigynal fold.
‘* Measurements.—Cephalothorax, 4:3 mm. long, 3 mm. broad.
Anterior width, 1-8 mm.
“ Locality.—Rietmond, Gibeon, 8.W. Afr. (C. Berger).”
The above description is extracted from Strand’s rather lengthy
description, loc. cit.
ScoTOPHAEUS MARLEYI, n. sp. (Fig. 84.)
Specumens.—1 @ (B 1304 type). Durban, Natal. (H. W. Bell
Marley, July 1915.)
Colour.—Carapace golden brown, very slightly darker anteriorly ;
abdomen testaceous with brown pubescence dorsally; legs slightly
paler than the carapace, darker distally.
Carapace.—Width of cephalic portion shghtly less than 3 the
greatest width of the thoracic portion; surface bearing sparse dark
hairs.
Hyes.—Anterior row straight to procurved ; medians large and their
own diameter apart; nearly touching the laterals. Posterior row
slightly procurved, and only a very little wider than the anterior
row; eyes approximately equidistant, medians smaller than the
laterals.
Chelicera.—Superior groove with 3 fairly widely separated teeth,
inferior groove with 1 small tooth.
Mazxille.—Posterior outer border slightly emarginate.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I densely scopulate to base; latter
with 1 basal spine on the under surface ; tibia with a slight scopula
on the anterior inner border of the under surface, and 1 small apical
spine ; 2nd leg with an anterior as well as a basal spine on the inner
under surface of the metatarsus, and tibia without scopular hairs.
Tarsus III with scopular hairs and bristles on the under surface ;
metatarsus with no scopular hairs and strongly spined; 4th leg
The Drassidae of South Africa. 387
similar, metatarsus longer and more heavily spined. All tarsi with
short, dense fasciculi.
Vulva.—-As in fig. 84.
Measurements.—Carapace, 4:3 mm. long. Total length, 10-5 mm.
SCOTOPHAEUS PURCELLI, n. sp. (Fig. 85.)
Specomens.—1 2 (150,489 type). Modderfontein, N. of Johannes-
burg, Transvaal. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, August 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs medium brown, legs slightly darker
distally ; abdomen dull testaceous, slightly darker posteriorly, and
sparsely clothed with appressed dark hairs.
Carapace.—Sunilar to marleyt.
Eyes.—Anterior row slightly procurved; medians larger than the
laterals, but not touching them. Posterior row slightly procurved,
and only a little wider than the anterior row; medians nearer to
each other than to the laterals, and subequal to them.
Chelicera.—As in marleyt.
Mazxille.—Not emarginate on the outer border.
Legs.—Tarsus and metatarsus I scopulate to the base; tibia with
a few scopular hairs anteriorly on each side, and 1 apical spine on the
under surface ; 2nd leg with no scopula on the tibia, and | basal spine
on the under surface of the metatarsus. Tarsus III scopulate to the
base, and with bristles down the centre; metatarsus with coarse
scopular hairs anteriorly on both sides, and strongly spined; 4th leg
similar ; metatarsus with only a few scopular hairs anteriorly on the
outer side of the under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 85.
Measurements.—Carapace, 3-1 mm. long. Total length, 7 mm.
SCOTOPHAEUS RELEGATUS, Pure.
NVM w Sa nelegatus.. eurcell) am) “AV MEN Ee (7) vole xcxs ps vols
pl. xiii, figs. 18 and 18a.
1908. S. relegatus. Purcell in Schultze Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, p. 235.
Specimens :—
1 g (4327 type). Cape Town. (EH. A. Morris, July 1898.)
1 ¢g (8974). Robben Island, C. T. (A. Tucker, December
1896.)
1 3g, 9 99 (3899, 150, 596). Luderitz Bay, Namaqualand.
(L. Schultze, 1904.)
388 Annals of the South African Museum.
3 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to } greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and metatarsus I and to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row straight to procurved, medians 4 diameter
apart. Posterior row moderately procurved, medians nearly a short
diameter apart, just over a long diameter from laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 1.
Sternum.—Leneth over 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with a few scopular hairs anteriorly on inner side ;
2 apical and 2 median and 1 basal spines.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 18a, loc. cit. Tibial process
small, stout, terminating in a sharp incurved claw.
Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 3, 3-5 mm.; 9, 5-2 mm.
Anterior width, 3, 1-5 mm.; 9, 2-1 mm.
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus I, and to tibia and just over
3 metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row slightly procurved, medians ? diameter apart.
Posterior medians sub-rotund, nearly 2 diameters apart, and about
3 from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum and chelicera.—As in 3.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with no basal spines. Tibia I with scopula
4 way down inner side, and 4 outer; no spines on under surface.
Vulva.—Consisting of a light brown oval plate, twice as long as
broad, the anterior } clear, the lower } with 2 diffuse dark-brown oval
lateral markings, between which are 2 short outwardly curved, narrow,
dark markings meeting posteriorly, but separate anteriorly, each
curving outwards sharply into an almost circular hook ; region between
these dark markings depressed, and leading anteriorly into a small
hooded pocket.
Gen. XEROPHAEUS, Purcell.
Key to 99.
(29). 1. Vulva with anterior hooded pocket.
18). 2. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus and 1 or less tarsus I.
g i q 4
(6). 3. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and $ or less tarsus IV.
(5). 4. Posterior row of eyes moderately procurved, inferior border of chelicera
muticous : d : : : : ‘ 0 longispina.
(4). 5. Posterior row of eyes well procurved, inferior border of chelicera 1
denticle . ; : . . : : : - vickerm.nt.
5 15).
The Drassidae of South Africa. 389
. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and over } tarsus IV.
. Posterior row of eyes moderately procurved.
. Inferior border of chelicera muticous.
. Tibia of lst leg with basal spine on under surface. . anthropoides.
. Tibia of Ist leg without basal spine : ; : : spoliator.
. Inferior border of chelicera with one tooth . é : lunulifer.
. Posterior row of eyes well procurved.
. Anterior median eyes 4 their diameter or less apart.
. Tibia of lst leg without basal spines on under surface. Vulva with large
oval dark lateral marks, between which runs a iaterally-ridged groove
with hooded pocket at anteriorend . : : capensis.
Tibia of Ist leg without basal spines on under suntape: Vulva some-
what similar to capensis, central groove not ridged, and with a black
depression at posterior half on each side of groove 9 tenebrosus.
. Anterior median eyes over $ a diameter apart.
. Tibia 1 with basal spine on under surface. Vulva with 2 large black
oval plates anteriorly, and 2 small dark depressions posteriorly ; no
distinct median groove and no anterior pocket visible silvaticus.
. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus and more than } tarsus I.
. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and 4 or less tarsus LV.
. Posterior row moderately procurved. Posterior medians less than 13
long diameter from the laterals . : : aridus.
. Posterior row well procurved. Posterior medians 13 or more long
diameter from laterals. : 5 : : 3 lightfooti.
2. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and over $ tarsus IV.
. Inferior border of chelicera muticous.
. Posterior medians 1} or more long diameter from laterals. Tibia I
scopulate anteriorly é : 5 hottentotus.
25. Posterior medians less than 14 long ainenens from laterals. Tibia I
not scopulate . 0 : 0 6 5 3 phaseolus.
. Inferior border with 1 footl
. Tibia I with 1 apical median and 1 basal spines on under surface
flammeus.
. Tibia I with 1 spine apically only, on under surface . spiralifer.
. Vulva with anterior tongue.
. Length of carapace equals tibia, metatarsus and } or less tarsus I.
. Length of carapace equals metatarsus and 4 or less tarsus IV.
2. Tibia I scopulate anteriorly.
. Anterior medians 4 a diameter or less apart; clypeus equal to or less
than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
. Length of carapace slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I. exiguus.
. Length of carapace slightly less than tibia and metatarsus I. rostratus.
. Anterior medians over 4 a diameter apart, clypeus exceeding diameter
of lateral eye.
. Anterior width of carapace equal to 4 greatest width appendiculatus.
. Anterior width of carapace distinctly less than 4 greatest width
aurariarium.
. Tibia I not, or very sparsely, scopulate anteriorly.
. Anterior tongue of vulva small . : : : : ahenus.
(48).
[sG) <f—
rm oO
Annals of the South African Museum.
. Anterior tongue of vulva long : - communis.
2. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus atid over } tarsus TVs
. Posterior row of eyes moderately procurved . : matroosbergensis.
. Posterior row of eyes well procurved.
. Post medians 13 long diameter from laterals. Carapace longer than
metatarsus and tarsus IV : ; ; coruscus kibonotensis.
. Post medians less than 1$ long diameter from laterals. Carapace not
longer than metatarsus and tarsus 1V : : 0 rubeus.
. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus and more than + tarsus I.
. Posterior row of eyes well procurved. Tibia I with basal spine
bicavus.
. Posterior row of eyes moderately procurved. Tibia I without basal
SOMA, 5 0 . : : : : 6 crusculus.
Key to 32.
. Tibial process equal to or shorter than tibia.
. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus and } or less tarsus I.
. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and 4 or less tarsus IV.
Posterior row of eyes well procurved, post medians less than 14 long
diameters from laterals. . : pallidus.
5. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus ana over 4 tarsus LY.
j. Posterior row of eyes well procurved —. ; : ; bicavus.
. Posterior row of eyes moderately procurved.
. Posterior medians 1} or more long diameters from laterals; inferior
border of chelicera muticous : spoliator.
. Posterior medians less than 1} long aianieeaee en sete inferior border
of chelicera with 1 tooth . ; : : vickermant.
. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus eae more than } tarsus I.
. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and $ or less tarsus IV.
2. Posterior row of eyes well Sia Tibia I scopulate anteriorly on
both sides , : exiguus.
. Posterior row of eyes moderately procurv veal “Tibia J with small scopula
on inner side only . ; A : 5 M lunulifer.
. Length of carapace equal to metatursee and over $ tarsus IV.
. Posterior row of eyes well procurved.
. Posterior medians less than 14 long diameters from laterals.
17. Length of carapace exceeding metatarsus IV.
8. Palpal organ with long free slender style curved from centre to base and
up Outer under surface to apex 3 : : : sprralifer.
. Palpal organ without long free style : 6 : é rostratus.
. Length of carapace not exceeding metatarsus IV. : COMMUNES.
. Posterior medians 14 or more long diameters from laterals.
2. Tibia I without basal spine, inferior border of chelicera with 1 tooth
aurariarium.
3. Tibia I with basal spine, inferior border of chelicera muticous
lightfootv.
. Posterior row of eyes moderately procurved.
. Inferior border of chelicera with one tooth . i ; patricko.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 391
(25). 26. Inferior border of chelicera muticous.
(28). 27. Posterior medians less than 1} long diameters from laterals aridus.
(27). 28. Posterior medians more than 14 long diameters from laterals perversus.
(1). 29. Tibial process longer than tibia.
(33). 30. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus and + or less tarsus I.
(32). 31. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and $ or less tarsus [V
crusculus.
(31). 32. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and more than $ tarsus IV
capensis.
(30). 33. Length of carapace equal to tibia, metatarsus and more than + tarsus I
and to metatarsus and ¢ or less tarsus IV.
(39). 34. Posterior row well procurved.
(36). 35. Tibia I well scopulate anteriorly, but without basal spine
appendiculatus.
(35). 36. Tibia I not or very sparsely scopulate anteriorly, and with basal spine.
(38). 37. Anterior medians over $ diameter apart; clypeus subequal to diameter
of lateral anterior eye druryi.
(37). 38. Anterior medians 4 diameter apart ; clepets poater than diameter of
anterior lateral eye .
(34). 39. Posterior row moderately ntoourved:
(41). 40. Posterior medians 1} or more long diameters from laterals; clypeus
greater than diameter of anterior lateral eye é : crustosus.
(40). 41. Posterior medians less than } a long diameter from laterals; clypeus
subequal to diameter of anterior lateral eye
flavescens.
occiduus.
XEROPHAEUS AHENUS, Pure.
1908. X. ahenus. Purcell in Schultze Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, p. 237, pl. xi, fig. 19.
Specumens :—
1 @ (13,235). Blaukranze, 23 mls. S.W. of Calvinia. (G.
French, January 1903.)
1 2 (11,703). Stompneus, St. Helena Bay, Malmesbury Div.
(J. C. Goold, May—June 1902.)
1 9 (11,721). Steenberg Cove, St. Helena Bay. (J. C. Goold,
May 1902.)
Carapace.—Anterior width barely $ greatest width. Length equal
to tibia and metatarsus I and to metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians $ a diameter
apart. Posterior row well procurved, medians less than a short
diameter apart posteriorly, and less than a long diameter from the
smaller laterals.
Clypeus.—Slightly greater than the diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Chelacera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 1.
392 Annals of the South African Museum.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest width.
Legs.—Tibia I with a few scopular hairs anteriorly on the inner side ;
lapical and 1 median spines.
Vulva.—As in fig. 19, loc. cit. The narrow, flat median keel
mentioned in Purcell’s description is shown, especially in specimen
13,235, to consist apparently of 2 hollow ducts leading from the
entrance of each vesicula seminalis, marked on either side by the dark
spot at the entrance, and curving thence inwards and upwards, and
finally tapering away a little below the anterior tongue.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4:3 mm. Anterior width,
1-8 mm.
XEROPHAEUS ANTHROPOIDES, Hewitt.
1916. X. anthropoides. Hewitt in Ann. Transv. Museum, vol. v, 3,
p. 211, fig. 10.
Specimens.—1 2 (type No. 200, Transvaal Museum). Roodeplaat,
Pretoria Dist. (G. van Dam, May 1915.)
Carapace.—Anterior width slightly exceeding greatest width.
Length equal to metatarsus, tibia, and about ? tarsus I, and equal to
metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians $—} diameter
apart. Posterior row moderately procurved, medians less than a short
diameter apart posteriorly, and 14 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Subequal to diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 0.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with shght scopula over 4 inner apical side ; 1 apical,
1 median, and 0-1 basal spine on under surface.
Vulva.See fig. 10, loc. cit. The lateral borders of the light
median area are black, with clearly defined outer as well as inner
edges, and anteriorly curving partially round the lateral circular pits.
The regionimmediately anterior to the pits, and around the obsolescent
median pocket is diffusely darkened. Posteriorly, on either side of
the longitudinal black markings, is an almost circular reddish brown
plaque, which, though mentioned in the description, is not shown in
the figure.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,4mm. Anterior width, 2mm.
Record of other Localities :—
1 9 (B 3330). Kimberley.
1 2 (B 3888). Insiza, Rhodesia. (G. French.)
1 9 (5223B). Vryburg. (J. E. Brown.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 393
XEROPHAEUS APPENDICULATUS, Pure. (Fig. 86.)
1907. X. appendiculatus. Pure. in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 326,
pl. xv, figs. 41-42.
Specumens.—23g and 19(9480types). Hanover. (S.C. Schreiner,
September—October, 1901.)
Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and at least
+ tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians ? diameter
apart. Posterior row strongly procurved, medians less than } short
diameter apart posteriorly, and nearly 2 long diameters from the
laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to 14 times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 1.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with strong lateral scopulee over distal } of either side,
and 1 apical and | median spines on under surface. Vulva as in fig. 42,
loc. cit.; see also fig. 86.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 5 mm.; ¢ 4:9 mm.
Anterior width, 9 2-5 mm.; ¢ 2-1 mm.
3 Carapace.—Lenegth equal to tibia and about 4 metatarsus I, and
to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—As in 9; posterior medians nearly touching posteriorly,
and about 14 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—EKqual to } diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera and Sternum.—<As in 9.
Legs.—As in 9, scopulation not so strong. Tarsus IV with no lighter
distal portion.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 41, loc. cit. Tibial process much
longer than tibia, and extending over 3 length of tarsus ; narrow, but
tapering anteriorly, and swelling at base, straight, slightly hooked at
extremity.
Specimens from other Localities :-—
3 and 2 (9934). Zululand. (W. Anderson, 1901.)
1 2 (12,552). Umtal, Baviaans Kop. (L. Patrick, June
1902.)
1 2 (B 1575). De Aar. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September
1913.)
1 9 (Grahamstown Museum.) Bloemfontein. (T. F. Dryer,
December 1916.)
394 ~ Annals of the South African Museum.
XEROPHAEUS ARIDUS, Pure. (Fig. 87.)
1907. XC “amdus. Purcelll-in’ AMUN SH: (7); voli txoceoameion
pl. xiv, fig. 26.
1908. X. aridus. Purcell in Schultze Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, Bdl., p. 236.
1915. X. power. Hewitt in Rec. Albany Mus., vol. ii, No. 2,
p- 94, fig. 4.
Specuomens.—1 2 (13,281 type). Tsabis, N.E. Concordia (Krapohl,
1902.) Also numerous other specimens mentioned below.
Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than greatest width ;
leneth shghtly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I, and equal to meta-
tarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row only slightly procurved, medians #? diameter
apart. Posterior row very slightly procurved, medians large, sub-
angular, close together posteriorly, and at least a long diameter from
the laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to 13 times the diameter of an anterior
lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth ; inferior muticous.
Sternum.—Length equal to nearly 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with a slight anterior scopula on both sides, and with
1—2 apical spines (very occasionally a median and a basal spine may be
present also).
Vulva.—As in fig. 26, pl. xiv, A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx.
Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 2 5-5 mm.; ¢ 4:5 mm.
Anterior width, 9 2-3 mm.; ¢ 1-8 mm.
3 Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than $ greatest width.
Length equal to tibia and $ metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and
+ tarsus IV.
Eyes and Chelicera.—As in Q.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with a few anterior scopular hairs, bearing 2 apical,
2 median, and occasionally 2 basal spines.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 87. Also fig. 4, Rec. Albany
Museum, p. 94.
The ¢ is described from the specimens 3g, 2 99, and jv. (B 2113),
from Haris, 8.W. Afr. Prot. (R. W. Tucker, January 1916), Perey
Sladen Memorial Expedition.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 395
Other specuomens were taken from—
S.W. Windhuk, S.W. Afr.; 599 (B 2158). (R. W. Tucker,
January 1916.)
Nauchas, 8.W. Afr.; 1 2 (B 2167). (R. W. Tucker, January
1916.)
Nauchas-Areb, S.W. Afr.; 2 99 (B 2116). (R. W. Tucker,
January 1916.)
Bull’s Poorte, 8.W. Afr.; 12(B 2048). (R. W. Tucker, January
1916.)
Gurumanas, 8.W. Afr.; 2 99 (B 2154). (R. W. Tucker,
January 1916.)
Grootfontein, 8.W. Afr.; g¢ and 3 99 (B 4623). (J. Drury and
R. M. Lightfoot, December 1918.)
Kimberley, C. Province; 3 go and 3 99 and jv. (B 4203).
(Bro. J. H. Power, December 1918.)
Ganachaams, near Gaub, 8.W. Afr. Prot.; 1 3 (B 4816)
and 3 99 (B 4813 and 4814). (R. W. Tucker, January
1922.)
Grootfontein, 8.W. Afr. Prot.; 1 9(B 5051). (R. W. Tucker,
January 1920.)
Windhuk, 8.W. Afr. Prot.; 5 92 (B 4835). (R. W. Tucker,
February 1920.)
The above 92 specimens all belong to X. aridis; the 33 of the
specimens from Haris, Grootfontein, and Kimberley do not, however,
agree at all with the g described as X. aridus by Purcell in L. Schultze’s
Zool. 8.W. Afr., Bd. xili, p. 236, but are as in fig. 87 and descrip-
tion as above. The 992 recorded by Purcell from Kubub (loc. cit.)
are undoubtedly X. aridus; the § from Cape Cross, which has been
examined, is separated, however, as a new species. X. perversus,
since it does not agree with the $¢ taken in conjunction with the
above-mentioned specimens from Haris, etc., and which it seems
valid to regard as the true ¢¢ of aridus.
In the series of 92 represented above are certain forms in which the
vulva appears different, in that the median hooded pocket is more
anterior in position, being in fact beyond the lateral projections, which
are shorter and have the dark lateral marks figured by Purcell as their
centres or cores; the lateral lines immediately anterior to the lower
broad markings are darker and more pronounced in all specimens.
Although previously separated in MS. as new, these forms are now
included as variations of aridus.
26
396 Annals of the South African Museum.
XEROPHAEUS AURARIARUM, Purc.
1907. X. aurariarum. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 324,
pl. xiv, figs. 35 and 36.
Specimens.—3 99 and 2 $g (12,982 types). Witwatersrand, Transv.
(Miss Pegler, 1903.)
Carapace.—Anterior width distinctly less than $ the greatest width.
Length slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I, and metatarsus
and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row well procurved, medians a diameter apart.
Posterior row very strongly procurved, medians larger than the
laterals, subangular, nearly touching posteriorly, and about 14 long
diameters from the laterals. Median ocular area much longer than
broad, and slightly narrower posteriorly.
Clypeus.—About 14 times diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1.
Sternum.—Length 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with small anterior lateral scopula and 1 apical spine.
Vulva.—As in fig. 36, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,25mm.; ¢3:-5mm. Anterior
width,2@2mm.; ¢1:4mm.
$ Carapace.—Anterior width less than } greatest width. Length
subequal to tibia and metatarsus I, and equal to metatarsus and
nearly + tarsus [.
Eyes.—Anterior row well procurved, medians less than a diameter
apart; posterior row as in &.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—As in &.
Sternum.—Length equal to 1} times greatest width.
Legs.—Tibia 1 with a few scopular hairs anteriorly on inner side,
and with 2 apical spines. Tarsus IV lighter over entire distal 4.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 35, loc. cit. Tibial process
strong, shorter than tibia, and with apex pointed and slightly incurved.
Specimens from new Localities :—
Naauwpoort, Hanover; 1 ¢ and jv. 99 (B. 1596). (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, October 1905.)
Matjesfontein; 1 g¢ (B 1649). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November
1905.)
Burghersdorp, Albert Div.; ¢g and 9 (B 222), September
1909, and 2 gg and 4 99 (B 73), October 1907. (Dr.
Kannemeyer.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 397
Florida, Transv. High Veld; 5 99 (B 4484). (R. W. Tucker,
December 1913.)
Zoekmakaar, N. Transv., Middle Veld ; 3 99 (B 4442). (R. W.
Tucker, November 1918.)
Vryburg; ¢ (B 5222). (J.C. Brown, May 1920.)
Aliwal North; 19 (Grahamstown Museum). (J. Hepburn.)
XEROPHAEUS BICAVUS, n. sp. (Fig. 88, a and B.)
Specimens.—2 33 and 1 2 (B 4378 types). Acornhoek (vicinity),
H. Transvaal, Low Veld. (R. W. Tucker, November 1918.)
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and ? metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row fairly well procurved, medians less than $
diameter apart. Posterior row strongly procurved, medians a short
diameter or less apart posteriorly, and a long diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 1.
Sternum.—Leneth equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with only 1 basal spine ; tibia with no anterior
scopula, and with 1 apical, 1 median, and | basal spine on inner side
of under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 88a.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,24mm.; $3-5mm. Anterior
width, 291-7 mm.; $1:3 mm.
$ Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than } greatest width.
Length equal to tibia and + metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and }
tarsus I (legs I and IV on other side much shorter and weaker).
Eyes, Clypeus, Chelicera, and Sternum.—As in 9.
Legs.—Metatarsus and tibia asin 9. Tarsus IV with no obvious
lighter apical portion.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 888. Tibial process short and strong,
+ length of tarsus and almost as long as tibia ; straight, and tapering
anteriorly.
XEROPHAEUS CAPENSIS, Pure. (Fig. 89.)
1907. X. capensis.—Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 314,
pl. xiii, figs. 20 and 20a.
1907. X. delphinurus. Purcell, p. 316, pl. xii, fig. 21, loc. cit.
1907. X. interrogator. Purcell, loc. cit., p. 316, pl. xiv, fig. 22.
Specimens.—1 § (13,852 type), and 4 99 and 4 $¢ (9068). Devil’s
Peak, C. Town. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, August 1901.)
398 Annals of the South African Museum.
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I and equal to metatarsus
and tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians 4 a diameter
apart. Posterior row well procurved, medians less than a short
diameter apart posteriorly, and a long diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest breadth.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1.
Legs.—Tibia I with slight lateral anterior scopule, and with 1 apical
and 1 median spine on under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 20, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 3:8 mm.; ¢ 3-7 mm.
Breadth, 21-8 mm.; ¢ 1:6 mm.
$ Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than 4 greatest width.
Length equal to, or slightly less than tibia and metatarsus I, and
equal to metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus IV.
Clypeus, Sternum, and Chelicera.—As in Q.
Eyes.—As in 9, median anteriors farther apart.
Legs.—Tibia I with sight scopula on anterior inner side, and with
1 apical and 1 median spine on under surface ; tarsus IV with distal
3 very light.
Pedipalps.—As in figs. 20 and 20a, loc. cit.; also as in fig. 89, full
ventral view. ‘Tibial process longer than tibia, broad at base, tapering
and curved over dorsal surface of tarsus, but appressed thereto,
except at apex, which ends in a black curved claw-like process with
lobate base.
X. delphinurus and X. interrogator agree with capensis in every detail
of palpal organ, proportions, spination, etc.; the slight differences
noticed are no more than usually found in any species of which a fair
number of specimens can be examined; the differences depicted in
figs. 22, 21, 20a, loc. cit., seem to be exceptional, and due as much to
difference in the angle of observation as to actual structural difference.
The 99° mentioned on p. 317, loc. cit., are simply variations of capensis,
in which the anterior pocket is more forward in position and the central
groove is therefore prolonged to meet it. (See note on aridus.)
Record of New Localities :—
Q and 2 jv. (B 2504). Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (4000-4500 ft.).
(R. W. Tucker, January 1917.)
1 2 (B 5570). River Zonde Ende. C. Prov. (R. Tucker,
December 1920.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 399
XEROPHAEUS COMMUNIS, Pure.
1907.—X. communis. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 322,
pl. xiv, figs. 33, 334, and 34.
Specumens.—3 29, 1 g (12,939 types). Willowmore district. (EH. H.
Schwartz, 1903.)
Also numerous specimens from localities all over 8. Africa.
Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and 4 or more metatarsus I, and equal to metatarsus
and { or less tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians 4 diameter
apart. Posterior row strongly procurved, medians close together
posteriorly, and just over a long diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Subequal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I scopulate laterally over anterior 4, and bearing 1
apical and | media spine on under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 34, loc. cit.
3 Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 3 41 mm.; ¢ 4:5 mm.
Anterior width,2?2mm.; ¢1:5 mm.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians + diameter
apart. Posterior row well procurved, medians about a short diameter
apart, and just over a long diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus and Chelicera.—As in 9.
Sternum.—Lenegth equal to 14 times greatest width.
Legs.—Tibia I with a very few scopular hairs anteriorly, and with
2 apical and I median spine. Tarsus IV with a light and a dark band
in distal $.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as figs. 33 and 33a, loc. cit. Tibial process
long, slightly shorter than tibia, pointed apically, and slightly incurved.
Carapace.—Anterior width less than 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and } metatarsus I, and equal to metatarsus IV.
XEROPHAEUS CORUSCUS KIBONOTENSIS, Tullgren.
1910. X. coruscus kibonotensis. Tullgren in Sjostedts Kilimandjaro
Meru Expedition, June 1916, p. 108, pl. 1, fig. 20.
Specomens.—2 92 (12,538). Queenskop, Umtali. (L. Patrick,
January 1902.)
Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than 4 greatest width.
400 Annals of the South African Museum.
Length equal to tibia, metatarsus and } tarsus I and tibia and 3
metatarsus IV (longer than metatarsus and tarsus IV).
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians 4 a diameter
apart, and much larger than the laterals. Posterior row well pro-
curved, medians subangular, less than a short diameter apart, and
14 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Slightly less than the diameter of an anterior
lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 1.
Sternum.—Length over 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with slight lateral scopula on anterior inner surface,
and with 1 apical, 1 median and 1 basal spine.
Vulva.—As in fig. 20, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Anterior width of carapace, 2 mm. Length of
carapace, 5 mm.
XEROPHAEUS CRUSCULUS, n. sp. (Figs. 90, 4 and B.)
Specomens.—, 2 29, and jv. (B 2682 types). Gt. Winterhoek Mts.
(4400-5500 ft.). (R. W. Tucker, 29th January 1916); and others
from the same locality, and at altitudes from 4000 to 6000 ft.
3 Carapace.—Width across the posterior row of eyes 4 of the
greatest width.
Eyes.—Anterior row lightly recurved (seen from above); medians
round, less than a diameter apart, larger than the laterals and nearly
touching them. Posterior row slightly wider than the anterior, and
procurved ; medians subangular and nearer to each other than to the
laterals. Clypeus as deep as the long diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Chelicera.—1 tooth on the posterior (or inferior) border, and 2 large
and | smaller one on the anterior border.
Legs.—All the tarsi and the 2 anterior pairs of metatarsi scopulate
to the base; metatarsi III and IV slightly scopulate anteriorly ;
metatarsi I and II with a pair of stout basal spines on the under
surface.
Pedipalps.— Femur armed with 1 median and 3 stout apical spines
on the upper surface; patella with a few stout bristles only; tibia
armed with a fine median spine on the upper surface; also bearing
a small apical projection on the inner under edge, and a long stout
process on the outer apical edge as in fig. 90B; tarsus and palpal
organ as in fig. 90B.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 401
2 Carapace and Eyes as in the 3.
Chelicera.—Toothed as in the 3g.
Legs.—Anterior scopula on the tibia of Ist leg very weak ; also with
1 apical and 1 median spine on the under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 90a; often partially obscured by overhang-
ing hairs; some specimens also lacking a clear distinction of the
two lateral plates, or of the dark portions seen through the central
membrane. Anterior tongue-like appendage less visible in some
specimens than in others.
Measurements.—Carapace, g and 2 4 mm. Total length, ¢ 8-5
mm.; 29-5 mm.
Other Localitves.—
1 2 (B 3457). Matroosberg Mts. (5000-6000 ft.). (R. W.
Tucker, November 1917.)
2 3d (B 3506). Matroosberg Mts. (6000-7500 ft.). (R. W.
Tucker, December 1917.)
Also 1 2 (B 3080) from the Matroosberg Mts. at an altitude of
5000 ft. (R. W. Tucker, November 1917). This specimen has the
integument of the vulva darker, and strongly corrugated down the
soft central portion. Anterior tongue dark and very conspicuous,
and 1 3 (B 3344) from Steenbraas. (R. W. T., October 1917.)
Subsequently specimens have been identified from the following
localities :—
Sir Lowry’s Pass, 1 2 (3483); Hermanus Petrusfontein, 3 22
(11,638) ; Robertson, 1 2 (3351); Rabiesberg, Worcester Div., 1 9
(3346) and (3340); Caledon, 2 99 (B 362) and (B 375).
One of the 29 (No. 11,638) presents a slightly varietal form of vulva ;
the dark portions shown in fig. a, interior to the two longitudinal
dark lines, are as dark as, and practically continuous with the lateral
outer plates; the latter extend higher than the tongue, which is
small, whilst the longitudinal dark lines continue up almost straight
and finally bend inwards about the level of the tongue ; the outer two
specimens are also aberrant, though to a less degree, but all appear
referable to the above species.
The 2 (3351) from Robertson varies in the direction of the 3 99
(11,638) from Hermanus Petrusfontein, but is undoubtedly referable
to crusculus.
The 2 (3346) from Rabiesberg is doubtfully included as crusculus ;
the general plan of the vulva is as in the fig., but less clearly
defined ; it could hardly, however, justifiably be separated. No. 3340
from the same locality is undoubtedly X. crusculus.
402 Annals of the South African Museum.
XEROPHAEUS CRUSTOSUS, Pure.
1907. X. crustosus. Purcell in A-M.N.H. (7), vol. xx ps 325;
pl. xv, fig. 40.
Specimens :-—
1 $ (7857 type). E. London. (J. Wood, 1899.)
1 $ (B 2008). E. London. (R. M. Lightfoot, October 1915.)
Carapace.—Anterior width less than 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and # metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians $ diameter
apart. Posterior row slightly procurved, medians not quite a short
diameter apart posteriorly, and 14 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Exceeding the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1 tooth.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I not scopulate, bearing 1 apical and | median spine.
Tarsus IV with the distal } very light.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 40, loc. cit. Tibial process long,
reaching to distal end of palpal organ, distal portion slightly curving
upwards, apex slightly incurved.
Measurements.—Anterior width of carapace, 2 mm.; length of
carapace, 5-4 mm.
XEROPHAEUS DRURYI, n. sp. (Fig. 91.)
Specumens.—1 3 (No. 14,542) type. Mashonaland. (J. Drury,
1904-5.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs orange-brown. Abdomen dull
testaceous brown, sparsely clothed with hairs, and with a smali brown
scutum. Sternum orange-brown and dark edged.
Hyes.—Anterior row from in front straight to slightly procurved ;
medians large, over } a diameter apart, and much nearer to anterior
laterals which are less than } their size. Posterior row from above
well procurved; medians subangular, about 4 a diameter apart and
more than a long diameter from the laterals which are round, equal
to anterior laterals and 4 diameter from them.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 strong teeth; inferior border
with 1 small tooth.
Legs.—Tarsus I scopulate over entire length ; metatarsus scopulate
entirely over distal third and laterally almost to base; 2 basal spines
on under surface. Second leg similar. Tarsus III densely scopulate ;
The Drassidae of South Africa. 403
IV with more bristle-like and fewer scopular hairs. Metatarsi II]
and IV strongly spined and bearing numerous bristles.
Pedipalps.—Femur with 1 median and 3 stout apical spines dorsally.
Patella with 2 lateral bristles and 1 small apical spine dorsally. Tibia
with apical spur as in fig. 91. Palpal organ as in fig. 91.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4 mm. Total length, 8-8 mm.
XEROPHAEUS EXIGUUS, Purcell.
IO Mcaguus.. Pures im Ae MEN ELS (7); voll xx. py324. plh xa,
figs. 37 and 37a.
Specimens :-—
‘1 $ (13,579 type). Laingsburg. (R. M. Lightfoot, August
1903.)
8 99 and 3 gd (150,074). Caledon. (Dr W. F. Purcell,
July 1910.)
2 Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than 4 greatest width ;
length equal to or slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I, and
equal to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterlor row moderately procurved, medians 4 diameter
apart. Posterior row well procurved, medians 4 a short diameter
apart posteriorly, and a long diameter from laterals.
Clypeus.—Less than diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I scopulate apically down inner and outer side of under
surface, and with | apical and 1 median spine.
Vulva.Strongly resembling X. rostratus, the slight differences
being hardly describable.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 293-3 mm.; ¢3mm. Anterior
width, 291:-6mm.; ¢ 1-2 mm.
3 Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than } greatest width ;
length equal to tibia and } or more metatarsus I, and equal to meta-
tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row slightly procurved, medians less than } a
diameter apart, and touching the laterals. Posterior row well pro-
curved, medians almost touching posteriorly, and less than a long
diameter from laterals.
Clypeus, Chelicera, and Sternum.—As in Q.
Legs.—Tibia I with no lateral scopula, and with 2 apical and 1
median spine. Tarsus IV lighter over distal 3-4.
404 Annals of the South African Museum.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 37 and 374, loc. cit. Tibial process as long as
tibia, slightly upturned at apex.
Record of New Localities —2 33 (B 1993). Grahamstown. (Dr
W. F. Purcell, October 1905.)
XEROPHAEUS FLAMMEUS, n. sp. (Fig. 92.)
Specimens.—1 2 (No. 6087 type). Maitland Flats, C. Penins.
(Mrs W. F. Purcell, September 1899.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown with slight radiate infuscations,
and darker around the borders; legs slightly lighter proximally, but
darker from tibiae onwards; tips of posterior tarsi paler. Abdomen
testaceous where rubbed; otherwise clothed with appressed tawny.
hairs.
Carapace.—Equal to tibia, metatarsus and 4} tarsus I; equal to
metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians less than } a diameter apart, and nearer
to the laterals, which are only slightly smaller. Posterior medians
large and nearly touching posteriorly ; less than a long diameter from
the laterals, which are subequal. Median ocular area longer than
wide and very slightly narrower posteriorly.
Chelicera.—Superior border with | long and 2 small teeth ; inferior
border with 1 large tooth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 basal spines; tibia with 1 apical,
1 median, and 1 basal spine on the inner side; also an anterior
scopular band on the inner side and scopular hairs anteriorly on the
outer side ; 2nd leg similar, but without the basal spine or the scopular
hairs on the tibia. Tarsi IIT and IV scopulated, metatarsi heavily
spined.
Vulva.—As in fig. 92.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4mm. Total length, 8 mm.
XEROPHAEUS FLAVESCENS, Pure.
1907. X. flavescens. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vole xc) payaige
Oleh es ay
Specumens.—1 $ (3582 type). Rondegat, 8.E., Clanwilliam. (C. L.
Leipoldt, October 1897.)
Carapace.—Anterior width about equal to greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and $ or more metatarsus 1; 4th legs mutilated.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians 4 diameter
The Drassidae of South Africa. 405
apart, and touching laterals. Posterior row strongly procurved,
medians nearly touching posteriorly, and about a long diameter from
the laterals.
Clypeus.—Greater than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 1.
Sternum.—Leneth equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with no lateral anterior scopula, and with 1 apical
and | median spine.
Pedipalp.—Palpal organ as in fig. 23, loc. cit. Tibial process nearly
as long as tarsus, straight, narrow, tapering slightly from base to
apex, which is minutely hooked.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3-5 mm.; anterior width,
3-5 mm.
XEROPHAEUS HOTTENTOTTUS, Pure.
1908. X. hottentottus. Purcell in Schultze Zool. Forschungsreise
in Sudafrika, Bd. 1, p. 236, pl. xi, fig. 17.
1915. X. gordonicus. Hewitt in Rec. Albany Museum, vol. iui (2),
De Bly waiter, 15
Specumens :—
192 (150,598 type). Steinkopf, L. Namaqualand. (L. Schultze,
July-August, 1904.)
1 @Q (Grahamstown Museum). N.W. Gordonia. (C. A.
Anderson.)
2 99 (13,246). Laingsburg. (Dr W. F. Purcell, August 1903.)
Carapace.—Width across posterior row of eyes $ greatest width.
Length equal to tibia, metatarsus and +4 tarsus I, and to metatarsus
and ? tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row very slightly procurved; medians about
? diameter apart, and much larger than the laterals. Posterior row
moderately procurved, medians subangular, a short diameter apart
posteriorly, and 14 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to 14 times diameter of anterior lateral.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 0.
Sternum.—Leneth equal to 14 times greatest width.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 spines on under surface; tibia I with
anterior lateral scopula and with 1 apical, 1 median, and 1 basal spine
on under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 17, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Anterior width of carapace, 2 mm.; length of
carapace, 5 mm.
406 Annals of the South African Museum.
XEROPHAEUS LIGHTFOOTI, Purc.
1907. X. lighifoot. Purcell in A.M.N:H. (7), vol. xx¢ipaya2ie
pl. xiv, figs. 31 and 32.
Specumens.—1 g§ and 1 2 (3330 types). Triangle, C. P. (R. M.
Lightfoot, May 1898.) f
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to + greatest width. Length
equal to tibia, metatarsus and about 4 tarsus I, and to metatarsus and
+ tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row not strongly procurved, medians nearly a
diameter apart. Posterior row strongly procurved, medians 4 a
diameter apart posteriorly, and 14 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—At least 14 times the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 2-3 teeth, inferior border muticous.
Sternum.—Length equal to 1} times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with a small anterior scopula on inner side, and 3
spines down inner side of under surface. Tarsus IV with faint
broad hight band apparent in distal 3.
Vulva.—As in fig. 32, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 24mm.; ¢4mm. Anterior
width, 2 and 3 1-9 mm.
3 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
slightly exceeding tibia and $ metatarsus I, and equal to metatarsus IV.
Eyes and Sternum.—As in 9.
Clypeus.—Shghtly exceeding diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 2 teeth, inferior muticous.
Legs.—Tibia I without scopula, and with 3 spines down inner side
of under surface. Tarsus IV with light distal band.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 31, loc. cit. Tibial process very small, blunt
and sub-cylindrical, curving shghtly upwards and inwards at apex.
Record of New Localities —1 2 (B 1670). Matjesfontein. (Dr W. F.
Purcell, November 1905.)
XEROPHAEUS LONGISPINA, Pure.
1908. X. longispina. Purcell in Schultze Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, Bd. I, p. 235, pl. xi, figs. 15 and 16.
Specimens.—12 92 (150,597 ex. typis). Kamaggas, L. Namaqua-
land. (L. Schultze, July-August 1904.)
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and 3 metatarsus I, and slightly exceeding metatarsus IV.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 407
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians } diameter
apart, and much larger than the laterals. Posterior row moderately
procurved, medians subangular, 4 a short diameter apart posteriorly,
and a long diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior muticous.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with narrow lateral scopula over 3 length ; 2-3 spines
down inner side.
Vulva.—As in fig. 15, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Anterior width of carapace, 1-7 mm.; length,
4 mm.
3. “ Pedipalps and palpal organ almost exactly as in X. capensis,
Purc., differing solely in the shape of the outer tibial spine, which is
longer, reaching almost to the apex of the palpal organ, and is quite
straight at the apex, and simply pointed (p. xi, fig. 16).”
Record of New Localities—1 92 (No. 3673). Calvinia or Van
Rhynsdorp. (L. Mally, August 1897.)
XEROPHAEUS LUNULIFER, Pure.
IO (erxXew lunulifers Purcell in) AcMeN Hea (iT) vols xexqn pa 39;
pl. xiv, figs. 27 and 28.
Specimens.—1 g and 3 99 (9618 ex. typis). Signal Hill, Cape Town.
(Dr W. F. Purcell, September 1901.)
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and ? tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row only slightly procurved, medians a diameter
apart, smaller than usual. Posterior row moderately procurved,
medians at least a short diameter apart posteriorly, and over a long
diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Kqual to 14 times diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1
tooth.
Sternum.—Length slightly exceeding 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with small anterior scopula on inner side, and | apical
and 1 median spine.
Vulva.—As in fig. 28, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace,?5-lmm.; ¢5mm. Anterior
width, 9 2-°3mm.; ¢2 mm.
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to $ greatest width. Length
— 408 Annals of the South African Museum.
equal to tibia and ? metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and } or more
tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row slightly procurved, medians over a diameter
apart, not much larger than the laterals. Posterior row slightly
procurved, medians subrotund, $ a short diameter apart, and 14 long
diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus, Chelicera, and Sternum.—As in &.
Legs.—Tibia I with a few anterior lateral scopular hairs on inner
side, and 1 apical and 1 median spine. Metatarsus IV not appreciably
lighter distally.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 27, loc. cit. Tibial process
short, just over $ length of tibia, and about 4 length of tarsus ;
straight, moderately stout, tapering gradually anteriorly, hooked at
extremity.
Record of New Localities :—
1 @ (No. 9413). Near Bethlehem (Stellenbosch Div.). (G.
French, 1911.)
1 $ (B 5230). Table Mt. (R. W. Tucker, November 1920.)
XEROPHAEUS MATROOSBERGENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 93.)
Specimens.—1| & (B 3328 type). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres. (R. W.
Tucker, January 1917.)
Colour.—Carapace medium brown, legs slightly lighter, abdomen dull
testaceous.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and metatarsus of Ist leg and
to metatarsus and tarsus of 4th leg.
Eyes.—Anterior row procurved, laterals smaller than the medians
and their own diameter from the margin of the carapace. Posterior
row more strongly procurved, laterals subequal to the anterior
laterals ; medians subangular, oblique, and close together.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 strong teeth, inferior border
with | tooth.
Legs.—All tarsi scopulate ; metatarsi I and II scopulate to the base.
Metatarsus I bearing 2 basal spines, tibia 1 apical and 1 median spine ;
metatarsus II similar. Metatarsus III with a few scopular hairs
anteriorly, and numerous spines and bristles; metatarsus IV without
scopular hairs.
Vulva.—as in fig. 93.
Measurements. — Length of carapace, 4 mm. Total length,
11-5 mm.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 409
XEROPHAEUS OCCIDUUS, n. sp. (Fig. 94.)
Specomens.—1 § (B 5095 type). Waterberg Mts., S.W. Prot.
(R. Tucker, February 1920.)
Carapace.—Width across posterior row of eyes a little less than 4
the greatest width.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved (seen from above,
slightly recurved) ; medians much larger than the laterals and touch-
ingthem. Posterior row very slightly procurved ; medians subrotund,
over a diameter apart and a diameter or less from the laterals, which
are somewhat larger. Clypeus equal to the long diameter of an
anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, which are small and joined
together basally, ridge fashion. Inferior border with 1 small denticle,
Legs.—Anterior legs missing or rubbed. Metatarsi J and II with
2 basal spines on the under surface. Tarsi III and IV scopulate ;
metatars! with few scopular hairs anteriorly, and numerous strong
spines on the under surface.
Pedipalps.—Tibia armed on the outer apex with along, stout process
which divides into 2 anteriorly. Tarsal organ as in fig. 94; cf. X.
aridus 3.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 23mm. Totallength, 4-9 mm.
XEROPHAEUS PALLIDUS, n. sp. (Fig. 95).
Specomens—1 3 (B 3611 type). Krantzkop, Natal. (K. H.
Barnard, November 1917.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs pale testaceous yellow, sparsely clothed
with appressed dark hairs. Abdomen very slightly lighter, also
clothed with dark hairs (almost completely rubbed off in the specimen).
Anterior dorsal scutum showing as a small brown patch.
Carapace.—Equal to tibia and 4 metatarsus I, and to metatarsus
and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians over } a diameter apart, and nearly
touching the laterals. Posterior row very strongly procurved ;
medians less than a long diameter apart, and more than a long diameter
from the laterals, which are equal to, or slightly larger than the
medians. Median ocular area longer than wide and _ narrower
posteriorly.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1 small
one.
410 Annals of the South African Museum.
Legs.—Scopula on inner side of metatarsus I weak; inner side also
with 1 basal spine; tibia with 1 apical, 1 median, and 1 basal spine
on the inner side; no scopular hairs present. Metatarsus II. similar
to I but bearing 2 basal spines; tibia without basal spine. Tarsus
III scopulate, metatarsus very heavily spined. Tarsus IV bearing
bristly hairs, and scopular hairs laterally on the under surface ;
metatarsus with a moderately dense aggregation of hair apically on
the under surface.
Pedipalps—Femur with 2 apical, and 1 more median, spines
dorsally. Tibia and palp as in fig. 95.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3:2 mm. Total length,
6-8 mm. —
XEROPHAEUS PATRICKI, Pure.
1907. X. patricky. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), p. 327, pl. xv, fig. 43.
Speciomens.—1 $ (13,642 type). Pungwe River, 50 miles E. of
Umtali, Portug. E. Afr. (D. L. Patrick.)
Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and 4 metatarsus I, and equal to metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians 4 diameter
apart. Posterior row moderately procurved, medians nearly touching
posteriorly, and barely a long diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Greater than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior 1.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with slight lateral anterior scopulee on both sides ;
and with a row of 4 spines down inner side of under surface. Distal
1 of tarsus IV much lighter.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 43 loc. cit. Tibial process as
long as tibia, and } as long as tarsus ; stout basally, tapering gradually
anteriorly, straight, apex pointed and slightly curved inwards.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4mm.; anterior width, 2 mm.
XEROPHAEUS PERVERSUS, Pure.
1908. X. aridius. Purcell in Schultze Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, Bd. i, p. 236, pl. xi, fig. 18.
Specimens.—1 § (150,599 type). Cape Cross, 8. Hereroland.
(L. Schultze, 1903.)
Carapace.—Anterior width equal to § greatest width. Length equal
to tibia and 2 metatarsus I, and to metatarsus IV.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 411
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians ? diameter
apart. Posterior row moderately procurved, medians $ a short
diameter apart, and quite 14 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border muticous.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with a few scopular hairs anteriorly, and 1 median
and 1 basal spine. ‘Tarsus IV with no light apical portion.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 18, loc. cit. Tibia! process short,
stout, and blunt, slightly pointed anteriorly; length only 4 tibia,
and less than } tarsus.
XEROPHAEUS PHASEOLUS, n. sp. (Fig. 96.)
Specumens :—
2 99 (11,722 types). Steenberg Cove, St. Helena Bay, Malmes-
bury Div. (J. C. Goold, May 1902.)
2 99 (13,261). Stompneus, St. Helena Bay. (J. C. Goold,
July 1903.) :
Colour.—Carapace and legs light golden brown; abdomen densely
clothed with tawny brown hairs on the dorsal surface ; slightly paler
below.
Carapace.—Equal to the tibia, metatarsus, and nearly 4 the tarsus
of the Ist leg, and to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians a diameter apart, and about + diameter
from the laterals, which are only slightly smaller than the medians.
Posterior medians less than a long diameter apart, and rather more
than a long diameter from the laterals which are sub-equal to them.
Median ocular area a little longer than wide, and very slightly narrower
posteriorly.
Chelacera.—Superior border with 1 large and 2 very small teeth ;
inferior border muticous.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 basal spines; tibia without spines or
scopula. Tibia II with at least an apical spine. Tarsi III and IV
scopulated ; metatarsi heavily spined.
Vulva.—As in fig. 96.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3-3mm. Total length, 7-3 mm.
XEROPHAEUS ROSTRATUS, Pure.
RS ONeexG erosinatus. Purcell in “AVM ONE (7); voli sexe) py) S21.
pl. xiv, figs. 38, 384, and 39.
27
412 Annals of the South African Museum.
Specomens.—-§ and 9 (12,574 types). Graaf Reinet. (J. Paynter,
September 1903.)
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4} greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and 3%, metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and 4 or less
metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians 4 diameter
apart. Posterior row well procurved, medians very close together
posteriorly, and a long diameter from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I with anterior lateral scopula on inner side, and with
1 apical and | median spine.
Vulva.—As in fig. 39, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 45 mm.; 3g 4:8 mm.
Anterior width, 2 and 3, 2 mm.
3 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia and 2 metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and + tarsus IV.
Eyes, Clypeus, Chelicera, and Sternum.—As in &.
Legs.—Tibia I with no anterior scopula, and with 2 apical and 1
median spines. Distal } of tarsus IV slightly lighter.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 384. Tibial process as in 38,
short, stout, tapering, and curved apically, about } length of tarsus —
and 4 length of tibia.
XEROPHAEUS RUBEUS, n. sp. (Fig. 97.)
Specumens.—1 9 and jv. (No. 878). Knysna. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
March 1896.) ;
Colour.—Carapace light reddish brown; legs slightly lighter.
Abdomen testaceous, densely clothed with fine appressed brown hairs.
Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia, metatarsus, and about 4
tarsus I, and equal to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians large and slightly nearer to the laterals
than to each other. Posterior medians sub-circular and slightly
smaller than the laterals; about } their own diameter apart, and
nearly 2 diameters from the iaeeeaie! Median ocular area much
longer than wide, and slightly narrower posteriorly.
Chelicera.—Superior border with the usual 3 teeth, inferior border
with 1 denticle.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 basal spines; tibia with an apical and
The Drassidae of South Africa. 413
a median spine, and a few anterior scopular hairs on the inner side ;
2nd leg similar, but without the scopular hairs on the tibia. Tarsi III
and IV scopulate, metatarsi heavily spined.
Vulva.—As in fig. 97.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 5 mm. Total length, 10 mm.
XEROPHAEUS SILVATICUS, n. sp. (Fig. 98.)
Specumens.—1 @ (14,513 type). Manubi Forest, Kentani District.
(Miss Pegler, October 1905.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs golden yellow ; abdomen clothed with
dark brown hairs on the dorsal surface, and paler below.
Carapace.—Subequal to tibia and metatarsus J, and equal to
metatarsus and 2 tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Anterior medians very little farther from each other than
from the smaller laterals. Posterior medians about 4 a diameter
apart, and at least a long diameter from the laterals, which are slightly
larger than the medians.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with
1 small tooth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 basal spines; tibia with 1 apical,
1 median, and 0-1 basal spine on the inner side; no scopula present.
Metatarsus II with or without an additional median spine on the under
surface; tibia lacking the basal spine. Tarsus III scopulated ;
metatarsus densely clothed distally on the under surface with black
bristle-like hairs. Tarsus IV bearing scopular hairs laterally, and
short bristle-like hairs down the centre; metatarsus also with black
bristles distally on the under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 98; the posterior dark portions have the
appearance of depressions, and are masked by a dense growth of stiff
hairs directed posteriorly and inwards.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3-1 mm. Total length, 7-5 mm.
XEROPHAEUS SPIRALIFER, Purc.
LOE XG spiralifer. Purcell, im AMINE. (7); vols xx ps 73s,
pl. xiv, figs. 24 and 25.
Specimens.— and Q (11,978 types). Hierfonteim, 8-9 mls. W. of
Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner, December 1901—February 1902.)
2 Carapace.—Anterior width slightly less than } greatest width.
Length equal to tibia, metatarsus and 4 tarsus I, and metatarsus and
2 tarsus LV.
414 Annals of the South African Museum.
Eyes.—Anterior row moderately procurved, medians } diameter
apart. Posterior row strongly procurved, medians large, subangular,
nearly contiguous posteriorly, and less than a long diameter from the
laterals.
Clypeus.—About equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 1.
Sternum.—Length equal to 14 times greatest width.
Legs.—Tibia I with lateral scopulae over $ anterior length; 1 apical
spine on under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 25, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Anterior width of carapace, g and 9, 1:5 mm.
Total length, 93-8 mm.; ¢ 3-5 mm.
3 Carapace.—Anterior width } greatest width. Length equal to
tibia and # metatarsus I, and slightly exceeding metatarsus IV.
Clypeus, Eyes, Sternum, and Chelicera.—As in &.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with | spine basally. Tibia I with very slight
apical lateral scopulae and | apical spine. Metatarsus IV with distinct
light band in distal $.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. 24, loc. cit. Tibial process short, thick,
truncated apically, and bearing on anterior side a slender process
almost at right angles to the main portion, and ending in a downward
curved claw.
XEROPHAEUS SPOLIATOR, Pure.
1907. X. spoliator. Purc.in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 321, pl. xiv,
figs. 29 and 30.
Specimens.—2 $3 (9546 types) and 2 99 (9485). Hanover. (S. C.
Schreiner, September—November 1901.)
2 Carapace.—Anterior width equal to 4 greatest width. Length
equal to tibia, metatarsus, and at least + metatarsus I, and to meta-
tarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row very slightly procurved, medians a diameter
apart. Posterior row very slightly procurved, medians over a short
diameter apart, and nearly 2 long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus.—About equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth and 1 to 2 denticles ;
inferior border muticous.
Sternum.—Leneth equal to 1} times the greatest breadth.
Legs.—Tibia I scopulate laterally over 4 inner side; bearing
1 apical, 1 median, and 1 basal spine.
Vulva.—As in fig. 30, loc. cit.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 415
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 9 6mm.; ¢ 4 mm. Anterior
width, 2 2-5 mm.; ¢ 1-6 mm.
3 Carapace.—Anterior width 4 greatest width. Length equal to
tibia and at least 4 metatarsus [, and to metatarsus and about +
tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Anterior row slightly procurved, medians ? diameter apart.
Posterior row slightly procurved, medians less than a short diameter
apart posteriorly, and about 1} long diameters from the laterals.
Clypeus, Chelicera, and Sternum.—As in 9.
Legs.—Tibia I with a few scopular hairs apically on inner side, and
with 2 apical, 2 median, and 2 basal spines on under surface ; tarsus IV
slightly lighter over distal 4.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 29, loc. cit. Tibial process short
and stout, scarcely as long as tibia, and about } length of tarsus ;
tapering anteriorly, very slightly hooked.
Record of New Localities.—3 29 (B 3329). Kimberley.
XEROPHAEUS TENEBROSUS, n. sp. (Fig. 99.)
Specimens :—
1 9 (No. 869 type). Knysna Forest, Knysna Div. (Dr. W. F.
Purcell, March 1896.)
1 2 (150,698). Howick, Natal. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September
1908.)
Colour.—Carapace dark orange brown, sparsely clothed with
appressed silky hairs; legs similar in colour, but patellae lighter
distally, and metatarsi and distal portion of tarsi darker and redder ;
tarsi, especially of posterior legs, with light extremities. Abdomen
dull testaceous where rubbed, otherwise clothed with tawny brown
hairs ; paler ventrally.
Carapace.—Shightly surpassing tibia and metatarsus I, and equal
to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Median anteriors about 4 of a diameter apart, and nearly
touching the much smaller laterals. Posterior medians sub-angular,
less than a long diameter apart, and at least a long diameter from the
laterals. The posterior laterals are larger than the medians, and
slightly larger than the anterior laterals. Median ocular area very
little longer than wide and slightly narrower posteriorly.
Chelacera.—Superior border with | large and 2 very small teeth ;
inferior border bearing 1 denticle.
Sternum.—Somewhat longer and narrower than usual.
416 Annals of the South African Museum.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 1 basal spine; tibia I with 1 inner apical
spine but bearing no scopular hairs; several hairs on the under
surface, however, are stout and bristle like. Metatarsus II with 2
basal spines; tibia with 2 apical, 2 median, and | anterior lateral
spines on the inner surface ; also furnished with numerous fine bristle-
like hairs. ‘Tarsi III and IV scopulate ; metatarsi heavily spined and
bearing apically on the under surface a brush of long bristly hairs ;
that on metatarsus IV being longer than on ITI.
Vulva.—As in fig. 99.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4:2 mm. ‘Total length,
9-2 mm.
The specimen from Natal differs from the type on the following
slight points: Colour of carapace and legs a duller and more uniform
brown; abdomen testaceous, and lacking pubescence. Sternum
comparatively not so long and narrow. The spination of the anterior
legs is different, in that metatarsus I has 2 basal spines, and the tibia
has a median spine also on the under surface ; the 2nd leg is similar.
The vulva varies slightly, in that the anterior pocket is further pro-
duced, rounder, and less compressed in shape; the median groove
is wider, and has a dark central ridge, which tapers into the anterior
pocket.
XEROPHAEUS VICKERMANI, n. sp. (Fig. 100 a and B.)
Specimens :—
1 2 (B 3686 type). Junction of Marico and Crocodile Rivers,
N.W. Transv. (R. W. Tucker, January—February 1918.)
2 99 (B 2084). Upington, S.W. Africa. (R. W. Tucker,
December 1915. Perey Sladen Memorial Exped.)
19 and 1 ¢ (B 4843). Komatipoort, Low Veld, E. Transv.
(R. W. Tucker, December 1918.)
Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and $ metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and $ tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Anterior row procurved ; laterals sub-equal to the medians,
and 3 their own diameter from the anterior margin of the carapace.
Posterior row more strongly procurved ; laterals slightly smaller than
the anterior laterals ; medians sub-angular and close together.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, the central one large ;
inferior border with 2 small denticles.
Legs.—All the tarsi scopulate. Metatarsi I and II scopulate to the
base. ‘Tibia I scopulate anteriorly on both sides of the under surface,
The Drassidae of South Africa. 417
the scopulation on the inner side extending % of the total length.
Tibia II scopulate slightly on the inner side of the under surface ;
metatarsus I and II each with an inner basal spine on the under surface,
and tibia I and II each with a median and a basal spine on the outer
side of the under surface.
Vulva.—As in fig. 100a.
Measurements.—Carapace, 3-9 mm. long. Total length, 9 mm.
The occurrence of the same species in both 8.W. Africa and N.W.
Transvaal is worthy of notice. Several cases are known of the occur-
rence of species of Drassidae from C. Province to Rhodesia and
K. Africa, e.g., Camallina amnicola (Tucker) and Zelotes montana
(Pure.), and several others; but a more lateral connection across
Bechuanaland has hitherto not been apparent. It is possible, though,
that the distribution of the species lies to the south through
C. Province and Orange Free State, and not across Bechuanaland.
3$ Carapace.—Slightly exceeding in length tibia I and metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Median anterior eyes much larger than the laterals ; laterals
3 their diameter from the anterior border. Posterior medians very
much larger than the laterals ; otherwise as in the 9.
Maxillae.—Narrow and with protuberant outer apices (as in
Clubionidae).
Chelicera.—As in 9.
Legs.—All tarsi scopulated. Metatarsus I very long, scopulate to
the base and with one inner basal spine ; tibia with one or two scopular
hairs anteriorly on the inner side, and one median and one basal
spine. Metatarsus II shorter than I, scopulate to the base and with
2 basal spines ; tibia with 2 median spines and no scopular hairs.
Pedipalps.—Tibia nearly as long as the tarsus, without apical
spur and bearing 1 dorsal and 4 lateral spines as in fig. 100B.
Tarsus and palpal organ as in fig. 100B. Femur with 3 apical and
1 nearly median spines on the dorsal surface.
Measurements.—Carapace, 3-4 mm. Total length, 7-°9 mm.
THEUMEAE.
Key to Genera.
Anterior median eyes equal to or smaller than the laterals; inferior spinners
twice as long and stout as the superiors, and well separated from them.
Anterior tarsi and metatarsi well scopulate. Inferior margin of chelicera
with 3-4 small teeth, superior margin with 3 or more larger teeth Theuma.
Anterior median eyes not smaller than the laterals ; inferior spinners three times
418 Annals of the South African Museum.
as long as the superiors, and not greatly separated from them. Anterior
tarsi and metatarsi not scopulate. Inferior margin of chelicera with 1 weak
tooth, superior margin with 4 larger teeth c 0 0 . Theumella.
Of these Genera Theumella occurs north of the region dealt with.
Gen. THEUMA, Simon.
Key to 29.
(12). 1. Inferior spinners equal to or less in length than width of posterior row
of eyes.
2. Length of carapace equal to tibia and } or more metatarsus I.
3. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus IV.
(7). 4. Posterior row of eyes straight. :
(6). 5. Posterior medians 1 diameter or less apart : : : velox.
(5). 6. Posterior medians over | diameter apart . : : : purcellr.
(4). 7. Posterior row recurved.
(9). 8. Posterior medians 1 diameter or less apart ; : . foveolata.
(8). 9. Posterior medians over | diameter apart.
(11). 10. Posterior medians 13 diameters or less from the posterior laterals
capensis.
(10). 11. Posterior medians over 14 diameters from the posterior laterals
pusilla.
(1). 12. Inferior spinners exceeding in length the width of posterior row of eyes.
(20). 13. Length of carapace equal to tibia and } or more metatarsus I.
(17). 14. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus } or more tarsus IV.
(16). 15. Anterior pocket of vulva small, median tunnel narrowing to a point
anteriorly . ‘ 5 . elucubata.
(15). 16. Anterior pocket of iva! fainly, ibbpe: median tunnel parallel-sided and
not pointed anteriorly . ; ‘ A schultzet.
(14). 17. Length of carapace equal to metatarsus and Tees than $ tarsus IV.
(19). 18. Tibia l spineless. ; : : 3 : : 6 mutica.
(18). 19. Tibia 1 spined 5 : : ; . schreinerr.
(13). 20. Length of carapace equal to Aino ond less ciara + metatarsus I.
(24). 21. Posterior medians one diameter or less apart.
(23). 22. Superior border of chelicera with 3 teeth . : , 5 cedri.
(22). 23. Superior border of chelicera with more than 3 teeth . - maculata.
(21). 24. Posterior medians over 1 diameter apart . : : : fusca.
T. aprica (Sim.) and TZ. xylina (Sim.) are not included in this key,
as the types have not been available for examination, and the
descriptions given are insufficient for the purpose.
Key to 3d.
(6). 1. Length of inferior spinners equal to or less the width of posterior row of
eyes.
(3). 2. Length of carapace equal to tibial . ~ 5 : - maculata.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 419
(2). 3. Length of carapace exceeding tibia I.
(5). 4. Posterior medians 1 diameter or less apart and over 14 diameters from
laterals : ; : . capensis.
(4). 5. Posterior medians over 1 diawete: React anal 1 afarneters or less from
laterals : : ; parva.
(1). 6. Length of inferior spinners eeccninig the width of posterior row of eyes.
7. Length of carapace equal to or less than metatarsus IV.
(9). 8. Posterior row of eyes straight . : : : : . schreineri.
(8). 9. Posterior row of eyes recurved.
(11). 10. Posterior medians 1 diameter or less apart : : . ababensis.
(10). 11. Posterior medians over | diameter apart . : : : fusca.
THEUMA ABABENSIS, n. sp. (Fig. 116.)
Specumens—1 3 (B 2143 type). Ababis, S.W. Protectorate.
(R. W. Tucker, December 1915. Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition.)
Colour.—Carapace light yellowish brown with darker radiations
from the stria; legs a little lighter. Abdomen testaceous (rubbed) ;
sternum testaceous, dark rimmed and with 3 lateral brown marks.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia I and to metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior medians less than } a diameter apart, and touching
the larger laterals. Seen from apore the anterior row is slightly
recurved ; posterior row more recurved, medians round, 4 a diameter
apart, and nearly a diameter from the laterals, which are us a little
larger; laterals scarcely nearer to the anterior laterals than to the
posterior medians.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 3-4
small denticles.
Legs.—Tibia I with 3 spines down each side of the under surface,
and 2 spines on each lateral surface; remaining legs missing or
mutated.
Spinners.—Long and comparatively close together ; length nearly
twice the width of the posterior row of eyes.
Pedipalps.—Palpal organ as in fig. 116.
Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 25mm. Totallength, 5-4 mm.
THEUMA APRICA, Sim.
1892. T. aprica. Simon in Hist. Nat. des Araign., 2nd edit., p. 351.
“©.—Leneth, 5-8 mm. From T. zylina, Sim., to which it is closely
related and similar, it differs in the median anterior eyes, being con-
siderably smaller than the laterals, posterior row of eyes strongly
procurved, the medians being oval, oblique, and less than an eye’s
length apart, and legs and spines weak.”
420 Annals of the South African Museum.
THEUMA CAPENSIS, Pure. (Figs. 105 and 115.)
1907. ZT. capensis. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 299.
Speciumens :—
2 and jv. (12,112 ex. typis). Camps Bay, Cape Pens. (Dr.
W. F. Purcell, May 1902.)
3 $d (12,064). Signal Hill, Cape Town. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
October 1901.)
2 Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and ? tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row slightly recurved; medians
scarcely smaller than the laterals, over a diameter apart, and at least
14 from the laterals. Posterior laterals nearer to anterior laterals -
than to posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4—5, inferior with 2-3 teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 1-2 spines on inner side and 2 basally
on outer side of under surface. Tibia I with scanty scopular hairs
laterally, and 4-5 spines down inner side and 3-6 down outer side of
under surface ; no lateral spines.
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners less than width of posterior
row of eyes.
Vulva.—As in fig. 105.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 92-8 mm.; g¢ 2 mm.
3 Carapace.—Length slightly exceeding tibia I, and equal to meta-
tarsus and } tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row well recurved; medians smaller
than the laterals, nearly 14 diameters apart and 1} from the laterals ;
the latter nearer to the anterior laterals than to the posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Very much less than the diameter of an anterior lateral
eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4, inferior with 3-4 teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 spimes down inner and 3 down outer
side of under surface.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners longer than the posterior row of eyes.
Pedipalps.—tTibial process normal, palpal organ as in fig. 115.
A variety of this form with 4 minute teeth instead of 2 on the inferior
margin of the chelicera is represented by the following specimens :—
(6) 1 2 from Ceres. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.)
(c) 1 2 from near Tulbagh Road Station. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.)
(d) 12 from Caledon. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 421
Records of New Localities :—
3 and jv. 99 (B 3027). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres (8500-4000 ft.).
(R. W. Tucker, January 1917.)
3 (B 3429). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres (4000 ft.). (R. W.
Tucker, December 1917.)
3 (B 4647). Matjesfontein. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November
1905.)
2 (B 4832). Nr. Gaub, North 8.W. Protect. (R. W. Tucker,
January 1920.) This specimen, although from such a
distant locality, does not appear separable from this species.
THEUMA CEDRI, Purc. (Fig. 106.)
1907. 7. cedr1. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 302.
Specimens.—1 Q (3629 type). Bosch Kloof Cedarbergen, Clan-
Wiliam. (R. Pattison, November 1897.)
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and just over + metatarsus I,
and to metatarsus and about 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row slightly recurved, medians smaller
than the laterals, less than a diameter apart, and about 14 diameters
from the laterals; latter equidistant from the anterior laterals and
posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Slightly exceeding the diameter of a posterior lateral
eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior with 3 teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 2 basal and 2 sub-median spines on under
surface. Tibia I with no scopula, and with 2 apical, 2 median, and
2 basal spines on under surface, and 2-3 spines on interior lateral
surface.
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners very slightly exceeding
width of posterior row of eyes.
Vulva.—s in fig. 106.
Measurements.—Lenegth of carapace, 3-8 mm.
THEUMA ELUCUBATA, n. sp. (Fig. 101.)
Specimens.—1 2 (B 4483). Florida, Transvaal High Veld. (R. W.
Tucker, December 1918.)
Colour.—Carapace uniform tawny yellow, ocular region somewhat
infuscated. Legs similar in colour, darkening distally. Abdomen
testaceous, usual dark hairs mainly rubbed off. Sternum and coxae
very pale brown, almost testaceous, and dark-rimmed.
422 Annals of the South African Museum.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia, and nearly 2 metatarsus I, and —
to metatarsus and just over 4 tarsus IV.
Hyes.—Anterior median eyes a diameter apart, and much smaller
than the laterals, from which they are about 4 a diameter apart.
Seen from above the anterior row is straight to slightly procurved ;
posterior row wide and very slightly recurved; posterior medians
rotund, subequal to the anterior medians ; well over a diameter apart,
and at least 24 diameters from the laterals. Posterior laterals
slightly nearer to the anterior laterals than to the posterior
medians.
Chelicera.—Superior border bearing 3 large and 1 small teeth ;
inferior border bearing 5 small teeth of equal size.
Legs.—Metatarsus I scopulate at sides of under surface nearly to
base; 2 basal and 1 lateral spines and 2 apical spiniform hairs on
the under surface; tibia with 4 outer and 3-4 inner spines on the
under surface ; 2nd leg similar, but tibia with 5 inner spines.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners a little over 4 their length apart ;
length exceeding the width of the posterior row of eyes; each
bearing a conspicuous apical spigot in addition to the long bunched
fusules.
Vulva.—As in fig. 101.
Measurements.—Carapace, 3-9 mm. Total length, 8-5 mm.
THEUMA FOVEOLATA, n. sp. (Fig. 102.)
Specimens.—1 9 (B 3254 type). Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W.
Tucker, April 1917.)
Colour.—Carapace yellowish-brown, darker anteriorly ; legs slightly
darker than the carapace; abdomen pallid; sternum, coxae, etc.,
paler than the carapace.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and just over 4 metatarsus I
and to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
boleh
Hyes.—Seen from above, the anterior row is slightly recurved ;
medians subequal to laterals and equidistant. Posterior row much
wider than the anterior, and very slightly recurved; median eyes
oblique, pearly, more than their long diameter from the laterals, but
less from each other ; posterior laterals slightly nearer to the anterior
laterals than to the posterior medians.
Chelicera.—Toothed as in T. velox, Pure.
Legs.—Metatarsus I without spines, and densely scopulate. Tibia I
with a narrow scopular strip extending over halfway down the inner
The Drassidae of South Africa. 423
edge of the under surface; anterior scopula on outer edge weak ;
4 stout spines down inner, and 3 down outer edge of the under surface.
Tarsal fascicles very dense, and as long as the claws.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners nearly their own length apart, and
equal in length to the posterior row of eyes; median spinners very
short ; superior spinners over twice as long as the medians.
Vulva.—As in fig. 102. The usual triangular portion of the vulva
is very short, and almost parallel-sided; posterior pocket broad
and conspicuous ; anterior enlargement of considerable size.
Measurements.—Carapace, 4 mm. long. Total length, 9-8 mm.
A @ and jv. 3 (B 4195), Kimberley (Bro. J. H. Power, September
1918), are also identified as this species; the 9 is a little smaller and
lighter than the type, and the vulva differs shghtly from text-fig. 102
in that the central dark portion is more anterior in position and is
strongly arched showing a tunnel-like opening underneath; the
general shape and appearance, however, points to their being the
same species.
THEUMA Fusca, Pure. (Figs. 104 and 111.)
1907. T. fusca. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. 20, pp. 300 and 304.
1908. T. fusca. Purcell in L. Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, p. 234.
Specumens :—
6 92 (12,667 types). Montagu Baths. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
November 1902.)
2 $3 (3357). Ashton. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November 1897.)
2 Carapace.—Equal in length to tibia and about 4 metatarsus I,
and to metatarsus and 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row moderately recurved ; posterior
medians over a diameter apart, and 2 diameters from the laterals
which are slightly larger. Posterior laterals equidistant from the
anterior laterals and posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior with 3.
Legs.—Tibia I with a slight anterior lateral scopula, and with
3 pairs of spines on the under surface.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners equal in length to 14 times the breadth
of the posterior row of eyes.
Vulva.—As in fig. 104.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 4:1 mm.
424 Annals of the South African Museum.
3 Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and } tarsus I, and to
slightly less than metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Posterior row moderately recurved; medians barely a
diameter apart, and about 2 diameters from the laterals. Posterior
laterals equidistant from anterior laterals and posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior with 3 small
teeth.
Legs.—Tibia I without scopula, with 3 pairs of spines on under
surface, and also 2 spines on lateral surface.
Pedipalps.—Tibial process equal to 4 the length of the tarsus,
tapering gradually, and curved outwards. Palpal organ, fig. 111.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, about 3-1 mm.
Record of new localities :-—
299 and 1jv. Bergvliet, C. Penins. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.)
? (B 1651). Matjesfontein. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, November
1905.)
2 (B 4474). Messina, N. Transvaal. (R. W. Tucker, November
1918.)
2 99 (B 3883). Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.)
@ (B 3717). June. Croc. and Marico Rs., N. W. Transv.
(R. W. Tucker, February 1918.)
2 92 (B 2973). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres. (R. W. Tucker,
January 1917.)
2 92 (B 3472). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres. (R. W. Tucker,
November 1917.)
4 2? (B 3447). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres. (R. W. Tucker.
December 1917.)
2 92 and 1 ¢ (B 3500). Matroosberg Mts., Ceres; 4500 ft.
(R. W. Tucker, November 1917); it is doubtful if this
3 belongs to the 99; it does not altogether agree with the
type 3 fusca.
THEUMA MACULATA, Pure. (Figs. 109 and 112.)
1907. ZT. maculata. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, p. 302.
1908. T. maculata. Purcell in Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, p. 234.
Specumens.—2 29, 1 3g, and 1 jv. (3936 types). Beaufort West.
(Dr. W. F. Purcell, September 1896.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 425
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and 4 or more metatarsus I, and
equal to metatarsus and 4 or more tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row decidedly recurved, medians
smaller than the laterals, less than a diameter apart, and 14 diameters
from the laterals. Posterior laterals equidistant from posterior
medians and anterior laterals.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4—5 teeth ; inferior with 3-4.
Legs.—Metatarsus with 2 basal, and | outer median spines ; tibia I
not scopulate, and with 2 anterior and 2 other pairs of spines on the
under surface, but no lateral spines.
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners at least 14 times width of
posterior row of eyes.
Vulva.—As in fig. 109.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 3-1 mm.; ¢ 3-2 mm.
3 Carapace.—Length equal to tibia I, and to metatarsus and }
tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row very slightly recurved; medians less
than a diameter apart, and not much more than 1 diameter from the
laterals ; latter nearer to anterior laterals than to posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 large and 1 small teeth ; inferior
border with 3 small teeth.
Legs.—Tibia I with 1 pair of apical, and 2 other pairs of spines on
under surface, and | anterior spine on outer lateral surface ; meta-
tarsus I with 2 basal and | median spines on outer side of under surface.
Pedipalps.—Tibial process normal. Palpal organ, fig. 112.
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners equal to 14 width of posterior
row of eyes.
New localities.—The following determinations are regarded as
doubtful, but are recorded in case further specimens from these
regions confirm the presence there of this species :—
1 2 (B 3890). Insiza, 8. Rhodesia. (G. French.) Eyes slightly
different from type; anterior medians slightly larger ;
posterior row not so recurved.
2 99 (B 4475). Messina, N. Transv. (R. W. Tucker, November
1918.)
1 ¢ (B 2139). Tsais, Bull’s Mouth Pass, 8.W. Protectorate.
(R. W. Tucker, Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition,
December 1915.)
2 63 (B 4790). Ashton C.P. (R. W. Tucker, November 1919.)
426 Annals of the South African Museum.
THEUMA MuTICcA, Pure. (Fig. 103.)
1907. T. mutica. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, pp. 303 and 304.
Specimens.—1 Q (7783 type). Kogman’s Kloof, Robertson Div.
(Mrs. Purcell, August 1903.)
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and } metatarsus I, and to meta-
tarsus and nearly 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row straight, medians subequal to the
laterals, almost touching each other and just over a diameter from the
laterals ; the latter very much nearer to the anterior laterals than to
the posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 5 teeth, inferior border with 1
denticle. .
Legs.—Tibia and metatarsus I spineless.
Vulva.—As in fig. 103.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners longer than posterior row of eyes.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, barely 2 mm.
THEuMA PaRva, Pure. (Fig. 113.)
1907. TZ. parva. Purcell in A.M.N.H. (7), vol. xx, pp.-303 and 304.
Specimens.—1 3 (13,502 type). Hierfontein, 8-9 miles west of
Hanover. (S. C. Schreiner, January 1902.)
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row straight. Medians larger than the
laterals, over a diameter from each other, and less from the laterals ;
latter nearer to the anterior laterals than to the posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Equal to diameter of anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior with 3.
Leqs.—Metatarsus I with 3 long spines basally on under surface.
Tibia I with 2 apical, 2 median, and 2 basal spines on under surface. .
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners slightly exceeding width of
posterior row of eyes.
Pedvpalps.—As in fig. 118.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 1-7 mm.
New Locality.—1 3 (B 3305). Bulawayo, 8. Rhodesia. (R. W.
Tucker, May 1917.)
THEUMA PURCELLI, n. sp. (Fig. 110.)
Specumens :—
19(B 1945 type). Beaufort West. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
October 1905.)
The Drassidae of South Africa. 427
1¢(B 3731). Junction Crocodile and Marico Rs., N.W.
Transv. (R. W. Tucker, February 1918.)
Colour.—Carapace and legs light orange brown; abdomen
testaceous, apparently clothed with tawny hairs (mostly rubbed off)
on dorsal surface ; ventral surface slightly lighter.
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and # metatarsus I, and to
metatarsus and #? tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Anterior row straight; medians a little smaller than the
laterals and slightly nearer to each other. Posterior row straight ;
medians round and subequal to the laterals; over a diameter apart,
and somewhat more from laterals ; laterals considerably nearer to the
anterior laterals than to the posterior medians.
Chelicera.—Two large and 1 small superior teeth, and 3 small inferior
teeth.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 1 large and 1-2 small basal spines, and a
double row of fine short spines down the centre of the under surface ;
tibia with 4 pairs of long spines down the under surface, and practically
no scopular hairs anteriorly. Metatarsus of 2nd leg similar to Ist leg ;
scopulation slightly less; tibia bearing 3 pairs of strong spines and a
weak apical pair on the under surface.
Spinners.—Inferior spinners short, about } their own Jength apart
and equal in length to the anterior row of eyes.
Vulva.—As in fig. 110.
Measurements.—Carapace, 2-7 mm. Total length, 6 mm.
Other Localities :—
Ih os (BP 37153). unc. Crocs and) Maricol Rs» (R= We Lucker,
February 1918), appears referable to this species.
2 99 (B 4291). Kaapmuiden, HE. Transv., Low Veld. (R. W.
Tucker, November 1918), also appear referable; the
posterior lateral eyes, however, are subequal to the
medians ; total length of each specimen, 5 mm.
1 2 (B 4345). Komatipoort, EH. Transv. (R. W. Tucker,
November 1918) ; total length 4 mm.
THEUMA PUSILLA, Pure.
1908. T. pusilla. Purcell in Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, p. 232, pl. x, fig. 11.
Specimens :—1 @ (150,528 type). Kammagegas, L. Namaqua-
land. (L. Schultze, August 1904.)
1 9. Kubub, Gt. Namaqualand. (March—April 1904.)
28
428 Annals of the South African Museum.
Carapace.—Length slightly exceeding tibia and metatarsus I, and
equal to tibia and metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row slightly recurved; posterior
medians slightly larger than the laterals, oblique, oval, and about 2
diameters from the laterals, and 14 from each other; laterals nearer
to the anterior laterals than to the posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Exceeding the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4-5 teeth, inferior border with 3.
Legs.—Metatarsus I with 1 sub-basal spine on outer side; tibia I
narrowly scopulate almost to base on each side; no apical spines,
but 3-4 outer and 2-3 inner spines on under surface.
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners slightly less than width of
posterior row of eyes.
Vulva.—s in fig. 11, loc. cit. Anterior cavity large.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2-5 mm.
THEUMA SCHREINERI, Pure. (Figs. 108 and 114.)
190%. To schreinert.” ‘Purcell im AsMONSE. (7), volixcxcip wo0lk
Specomens.—2 99 and 5 gd (9483). Hanover. (8. C. Schreiner,
September—October 1901.)
2 Carapace.—Kqual in length to tibia and less than } metatarsus I,
and to metatarsus and less than ¢ tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row very slightly recurved ; medians
about 14 diameters apart, and over 2 diameters from the laterals.
Posterior laterals nearer to the anterior laterals than to the posterior
medians.
Clypeus.—Slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Legs.—Tibia I with 1 apical and 3 other pairs of spines, and with
2 inner lateral spines.
Spinners.—Leneth equal to 14 times breadth of posterior row of
eyes.
Vulva.—As in fig. 108.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2, 4:5 mm.; 3g, 3-1 mm.
3 Carapace.—Length equal to metatarsus and about 4 tarsus I, and
subequal to metatarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row almost straight, medians just over
a diameter apart and 14 from the laterals.
Clypeus.—Slightly less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior with 3.
Legs.—Tibia I as in &.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 429
Pedipalps.—As in fusca. Palpal organ as fig. 114.
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners over 14 times width of
posterior row of eyes.
New Localities :-—
1 2 (B 220). Burghersdorp. (Dr. Kannemeyer, September
1909.)
3 363 (B 4179). De Aar. (Dr. W. F. Purcell, September 1903.)
3 and ? (B 2093). Namsem, 8.W. Africa. (R. W. Tucker,
December 22, 1915). Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition.
3 and 992 (B 5224). Vryburg. (J. E. Brown, May 1920.)
THEUMA SCHULTZEI, Purc. (Fig. 107.)
1908. 7. schultzer. Purcell in Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, p. 234.
Specumens.—2 99 (150,593). Steimkopf, L. Namaqualand. (L.
Schultze, July-August 1904.)
Carapace.—Length equal to 4-3 metatarsus I, and to metatarsus and
about 4 tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row slightly recurved ; medians about
13 diameters apart, and 2 from the laterals which are equally distant
from the anterior laterals and posterior medians, or perhaps slightly
nearer the anterior laterals.
Clypeus.—About equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4 teeth, inferior border 3 denticles.
Legs.—Tibia I with slight lateral anterior scopula, and 4 pairs of
Spines on the under surface ; no lateral spines.
Spinners.—Lenegth of inferior spinners equal to 14 width of posterior
row of eyes.
Vulva.—As in fig. 107.
Measurements.—Length of carapace, 3-6 mm.
THEUMA VELOX, Pure.
1908. 7. velox. Purcell in L. Schultze, Zool. Forschungsreise in
Sudafrika, p. 233, pl. xi, fig. 12.
Specimens.—1 Q (150,591 ex typis). Kubub, Gt. Namaqualand.
(L. Schultze, March—April 1904.)
Carapace.—Length equal to tibia and } metatarsus I, and subequal
to metatarsus and tarsus IV.
Eyes.—Seen dry. Posterior row straight to very slightly recurved,
430 Annals of the South African Museum.
medians scarcely smaller than the laterals, and at least a diameter
apart, and 1} diameters from the laterals; posterior laterals dis-
tinctly nearer to the anterior laterals than to the posterior medians.
Clypeus.—Equal to the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 4, inferior border with 3 strong
teeth.
Legs.—Tibia I with no apical spines, but with 3 other pairs and
1 mid-basal spine.
Spinners.—Length of inferior spinners about equal to width of
posterior row of eyes.
Vulva.—s in fig. 12, loc. cit.
Measurements.—Leneth of carapace, 3-2 mm.
THEUMA XYLINA, Sim.
1892. T. zylina. Sim in Hist. Nat. des Araign, 2nd ed., p. 351.
“@.—Length, 6 mm. Cephalothorax, sternum, and legs pale
yellowish, bearing silky pubescence; metatarsi, tarsi, and chelicera
reddish. Abdomen whitish, densely clothed with reddish silky
pubescence, and bearing long, black, erect hairs anteriorly. Anterior
eyes equally and narrowly separated, subequal (medians scarcely
smaller). Posterior eyes in a scarcely recurved line, subequal, medians
transversely oval, separated by at least an eye’s length. Anterior
tibiae armed below with 3-3 long spines, metatarsi armed basally with ~
2-2 similar spines. Posterior tibiae armed laterally and dorsally with
pairs of weak spines. Vulval plate reddish, longer than wide and
parallel ; fovea a longitudinal, narrow, triangular slit.”
ANAGRAPHIDAE.
Gen. ANAGRAPHIS, Sim.
ANAGRAPHIS PALLENS, Sim.
1893. A. pallens. Sim, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., vol. xlii, p. 308.
“ Length, 8 mm.
“ Cephalothorax.—Pallid, clothed with long, prone, silky white
hairs; thoracic stria short. Median ocular area slightly longer than
wide.
«© Abdomen.—Narrow oblong, pale cinereous, clothed with silky white
hairs, truncate anteriorly, and bearing dense ash-coloured setae.
“ Chelicera, mouth parts, sternum, pedipalps, and legs pallid;
spines of legs long, black, and numerous.
The Drassidae of South Africa. 431
“ Labium.—Fairly long, exceeding 4 length of maxillae.
“ Chelicera.—Inferior margin with 3 minute teeth.
“* Pedipalps.—Very small; femora nearly straight, black spines ;
patella scarcely longer than wide, subquadrate and spined; tibia
shorter than patella, apex obliquely cut, broadly produced on outer
side into graceful spur, long and pointed, directed straight forward,
but curved outwards apically. Tarsus fairly long oval, bulb simple,
discoidal, wholly encircled by thick stylus.
“* Locality.—Cape of Good Hope.”
THIRD SUB-FAMILY.
CITHAERONINAE.
Only 1 Genus, Cithaeron, recorded from South Africa. Species
C. delmbatus, Strd., from EH. Africa. North of region dealt with.
FOURTH SUB-FAMILY.
CYBAEODINAE.
Key to Genera.
1. Legs spined, sternum slightly longer than wide.
2. Hight eyes, labium longer than broad ; tarsi slender . : Cybaeodes.
(1). 3. Legs spineless, sternum broader than long.
4. Kight eyes (sometimes reduced to four). Labium semicircular, and much
wider than long. Inferior margin of chelicera armed with one simple
denticle . : ; 5 : ‘ : ‘ 6 Andromma.
(4). 5. Hight eyes. Labium at least as long as broad. Inferior spinners more
widely separated. Chelicera armed on inferior margin with 2 strong
processes, the first straight, the second long, curved, and with terminal
angular dilation . : : : : 3 3 : Baeriella.
Gen. ANDROMMA.
ANDROMMA RAFFRAYI, Sim.
1899. A. raffrayi. Simon in Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., vol. 68, p. 180,
figs. A, B, C.
Specimens :—
1 g and 1 @ (12,763). Willowmore. (H. Brauns, 1903, from
nest of Plagiolepis custodiens.)
5 gd and 1 9 (14,330). Stellenbosch. (R. Broom, September
1904.)
1 2 (12,105). Slopes Devil’s Peak, C.T. (Dr. W. F. Purcell,
May 1902.)
1 g and 1 9 (19,055). Cape ‘Town, in nest of Plagiolepis.
432 Annals of the South African Museum.
2 Colour.—Carapace and chelicera pale golden yellow, sternum and
legs even lighter, but former darker edged ; abdomen pale testaceous.
Body entirely clothed with distinct stiff short hairs.
Eyes.—See fig. A, loc. cit. Anterior row nearly straight ; medians
larger than the laterals, black, and with black pigmented borders, and
over 1} diameters apart. Posterior row procurved, medians small,
very wide apart, and only $ a similar distance from the laterals, which
are larger, and contiguous with the anterior laterals.
Clypeus.—About twice the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Chelicera.—Superior border with 3 teeth, inferior border with 1 tooth,
and possibly 2 denticles.
Legs.—Spineless. Tarsi and metatarsi not scopulate, but with the
short stiff hairs stronger and denser, especially on under surface ;
tarsal claws very small, pellucid, and finely toothed. Metatarsi quite
14 times length of tarsi.
Pedipalps.—Tarsus slightly longer and stouter than tibia, flat on
under surface, but arched or swollen dorsally.
Vulva.—Consisting of 2 pits bounded by ear or C-shaped dark-
brown ridges, and set in the middle of the sides of a reddish, somewhat
heart-shaped plate.
Measurements.—Total length, 2 and 3, 3-2 mm.
3 Colour.—Carapace and legs slightly darker than in 9.
Eyes and Chelicera.—As in 9. For latter see fig. B, p. 180, loc. cit.
Legs.—As in 9.
Pedipalps.—As in fig. C, loc. cit. Tibia longer and stouter than
patella, and with 3 short stout, dark processes on inner apex, 2 being
broad basally, and curved and sharp apically, and the 3rd _ blunt
and complex in shape. Palpal organ with a fine process projecting
outwards anteriorly, curving round down outer side of under surface
of organ in an § shape, becoming broader and darker basally.
The Drassidae of South Africa.
A
ababensis (Theuma)
abrahami (Platyoides)
acanthognathus (Camillina)
acanthognathus (Melanophora)
aculeata (Melanophora)
aculeata (Zelotes)
ADELPHODRASSUS
aestus (Camillina)
africana (Latonigena)
ahenus (Xerophaeus)
albanicus (Melanophora)
albanicus (Zelotes) é
albovittatus (Asemesthes) .
ales (Asemesthes)
ALLODRASSUS
amnicola (Camillina) .
AMUSIA .
ANAGRAPHIDAE
ANAGRINA :
anchora (Zelotes)
anchoralis (Setaphis)
ANDROMMA é
ANEPLASA : :
anomalus (Poecilochroa)
anomalus (Xerophaeus)
anthropoides (Xerophaeus)
aplanita (Upognampa)
appendiculatus (Xerophaeus)
aprica (Theuma) :
arcus (Setaphis)
arida (Camillina)
arida (Melanophora) .
aridus (Xerophaeus) .
ASEMESTHES
APHANTAULAX .
aurariarilum (Xerophaeus) .
aureus (Asemesthes) .
auris (Callilepis)
australis (Aphantaulax)
B
BAERIELLA é
balnearia (Aneplasa) .
beaufortia (Epikurtomma) .
bechuanica (Setaphis)
bechuanicus (Drassodes)
bergensis (Leptodrassus)
biamenta (Upognampa)
bicavus (Xerophaeus)
bidentifer (Platyoides)
bilinearis (Setaphis)
INDEX
PAGE
biplagia (Camillina)
aly BonNna
255 | broomi (M elanophora)
335 broomi (Zelotes)
335 browni (Camillina)
$2 bulawayensis (Setaphis)
302
335 c
383 | caffrerianus (Drassodes)
391 | calceatus (Drassodes)
378 | caldaria (Melanophora)
378 | caldaria (Zelotes)
286 | CALLILEPIS
287 | calviniensis (Setaphis)
302 | CAMILLINA
336 | capensis (Poecilochroa)
278 | capensis (Theuma)
430 | capensis (Xerophaeus)
264 | capsula (Zelotes)
354 | cataracta (Amusia)
320 | cedri (Theuma)
431 | cerisicola (Asemesthes)
279 | CESONIA .
381 , CITHAERON :
381 CITHAERONINAE .
392 | communis (Xerophaeus)
273 | cordifera (Camilla)
393 | cordifera (Camillina)
‘419 | CoRIMAETHES
321 | corrugata (Camillina)
338 corrugata (Melanophora)
338 | coruscus-kibonotensis (Xerophaeus)
394 | costeri (Platyoides) ;
285 | cronwrightt (Melanophora) .
328 | cronwrighti (Zelotes) .
396 crusculus (Xerophaeus)
288 | crustosus (Xerophaeus)
265 | CYBAEODES :
328 | CYBAEODINAE
D
431 | decoratus (Asemesthes)
280 | delphinurus (Xerophaeus)
333 | DrapHRACTUS :
322 | DRASSINELLA
306 | DRaAssoDELLA
317 | DRASSODES :
274 | DRASSODINAE
397 | DRASSOIDEAE
255 | dregei (Drassoides)
323 | druryi (Xerophaeus) .
434 Annals of the South African Museum.
E
ECHEMEAE
ECHEMELLA
EcHEMUS . 6 F
elucubata (Theuma) .
EPIKURTOMMA . :
ereptor (Drassoides) .
erutus (Echemus)
exiguus (Xerophaeus)
F
facies (Aneplasa)
flammeus (Xerophaeus)
flavescens (Xerophaeus)
flavipes (Asemesthes)
flavitarsis (Melanophora)
flavitarsis (Zelotes)
fodina (Asemesthes) .
foveolata (Theuma)
frenata (Callilepis)
frenchi (Zelotes)
fuliginea (Melanophora)
fuliginea (Zelotes)
fuliginoides (Melanophora) ;
fuliginoides (Zelotes) .
fusca (Theuma)
G
GNAPHOSA
GNAPHOSEAE
GNAPHOSOIDES .
gooldi (Drassodes)
gooldi (Melanophora) .
gooldi (Zelotes)
gordonicus (Xerophaeus)
H
hanoveria (Trephopoda)
helenae (Drassodes)
HEMICLOEAE
HEMICLOEINA
HEMICLOEINAE
HERPYLLUS
hewitti (Zelotes)
HoMEOTHELE
hortensis (Trichothyse)
hottentotus (Xerophaeus) .
humilis (Melanophora)
humilis (Zelotes)
I
inornata (Aphantaulax)
interrogationis (Aneplasa) .
interrogator (Xerophaeus)
invida (Melanophora)
invida (Zelotes)
involuta (Poecilochroa)
K
kannemeyeri (Upognampa)
PAGE
318
318
350
421
333
305
350
403
281
404
404
290
358
358
291
422
267
358
359
359
379
379
423
264
264
264
305
360
360
405
L
LapDIssa :
lamberti (Asemesthes)
lamperti (Scotophaeus)
LAMPONEAE .
LARONEAE :
laterigradus igs
LATONIGENA
lava (Zelotes)
leppanae (Platyoides)
LEPTODRASSUS
lightfoott (Melanophora)
lightfooti (Setaphis)
lightfooti (Xerophaeus)
lightfooti (Zelotes)
lineatipes (Callilepis) .
lineatipes (Upognampa)
lineatus (Asemesthes)
longispina (Xerophaeus)
lophognathus (Drassodes)
lunulifer (Xerophaeus)
luteus (Camillina) .
LYGROMMATEAE .
lyratus (Drassodes)
M
maculata (Theuma)
MANIANA .
marginalis (Callilepis)
marleyi (Scotophaeus)
masculus (Drassodes)
matroosbergensis (Xerophaeus)
MEGAMYRMECEON
melana (Drassodella) .
Melanophora
MicytHus
montana (Melanophor a)
montana (Zelotes)
montanus (Asemesthes)
montivaga (Zelotes)
MULIcYyMNIS
mutica (Theuma)
N
natalensis (Zelotes)
nigra (Aneplasa)
numisma (Asemesthes)
O
occiduus (Xerophaeus)
o’connori (Asemesthes)
o’neili (Melanophora)
o’neili (Zelotes)
ornata (Zelotes)
1
pallens (Anagraphis) .
pallidipes (Zelotes)
pallidus (Asemesthes)
pallidus (Xerophaeus)
The Drassidae of South Africa.
parva (Theuma) 6
parvipalpa (Upognampa)
patricki (Xerophaeus)
paynteri (Asemesthes)
pedimaculosa (Zelotes)
perversus (Xerophaeus)
PHAEOCEDUS 5
phaseolus (Xerophaeus)
pictus (Platyoides)
PLATYOIDES
POECILOCHROA . ;
postrema (Camillina) .
powert (Xerophaeus) .
primaris (Aneplasa)
procurva (Camillina) .
procurva (Melanophora)
Prothesima
pulchripes (M elano phor 7)
pulchripes (Zelotes)
purcelli (Asemesthes)
purcelli (Drassodella)
purcelli (Scotophaeus)
purcelli (Theuma)
pusilla (Theuma) :
pusilliformis (Platyoides)
pusillus Gaeciges) ;
PYRNUS j
Q
quinquedentatus (Platyoides)
quinquelabecula (Drassodella)
R
raffrayi (Andromma) .
REBILUS . :
redunca (Melano; phora)
redunca (Zelotes)
reflexus (Asemesthes)
relegatus (Scotophaeus)
rostratus (Xerophaeus)
rubeus (Xerophaeus) .
tufipes (Zelotes)
S
salisburyi (Drassodella)
schreineri (Megamyrmeceon)
schreineri (Theuma)
schultzei (Theuma)
sclateri (Zelotes)
ScoToPHAEUS .
Sculpturata (Aneplasa)
scutatus (Leptodrassus)
separata (Platyoides)
SERGIOLUS F
sesquidentatus (Drassodes)
SETAPHIS .
PAGH
426
277
410
298
369
410
319
411
259
254
379
344
394
283
345
345
351
370
370
298
311
387
426
427
260
260
253
261
311
431
253
SHA
371
299
387
411
412
372
313
347
428
429
373
385
284
317
261
318
306
320
setosus (Camillina)
7-maculata (Drassodella)
sexmaculata (Setaphis)
signicollis (Aphantaulax)
silvaticus (Xerophaeus)
simoni (Melanophora)
simoni (Platyoides)
simoni (Zelotes)
solitarius (Drassodes)
spiralifer (Xerophaeus)
splendens (Drassodes)
spoliator (Xerophaeus)
stationis (Aphantaulax)
stationis (Drassodes) .
subnubilis (Asemesthes)
ae
TALANITES
tenebrosus (Xerophaeus)
tessellatus (Drassodes)
THEUMA ; ‘
THEUMEAE
THEUMELLA
tortuosus (Drassodes)
TRACHYCOSMUS
transvaalensis (Megamyrmeceon)
TREPHOPODA
TRICHOTHYSE
TRICONGEAE
tubulus (Callilepis)
U
ungula (Zelotes)
UPOGNAMPA
Vv
varius (Callilepis)
vasivulva (Drassodella)
velox (Megamyrmeceon)
velox (Theuma) :
vespertilionis (Zelotes)
vickermani (Xerophaeus)
vryburgensis (Zelotes)
WwW
walteri (Hemicloea)
windhukensis (Asemesthes)
x
XEROPHAEUS
xylina (Theuma)
Z
ZELOTES :
zonognathus (Melano hor a)
zonognathus (Zelotes)
436
Annals of the South African Museum.
PLATE FIGURES.
PLATE
1.—Platyoides costert.
2.—Platyoides pictus, Poc.
3.—Platyoides pusilliformis.
4.—Callilepis auris.
5.—Callilepis marginalis.
6.—Callilepis tubulus.
7.—Callilepis varius.
8.—Trephopoda hanoveria.
9.—Upognampa aplanita.
10.—Upognampa biamenta.
11.—Upognampa kannemeyert.
12.—3 and 2 Upognampa lineatipes,
Pure.
14.—Amusia cataracta ($ and 9).
VIII.
15.—Aneplasa balnearia.
16.—Aneplasa fascies.
17.—Aneplasa nigra.
19.—Aneplasa sculpturata.
20.—Asemesthes albovittatus, Pure.
21.—Asemesthes ales.
22.—¢ and 2 Asemesthes cerisicola.
23.—Asemesthes fodina.
24.—Aneplasa interrogationis.
25.—Asemesthes lainberti.
26.—g and 2 Asemesthes montana.
27.— 3 and Q Asemesthes numisma.
28.—Asemesthes o connor.
29.—Asemesthes paynteri.
PLATE IX.
30.—Asemesthes purcelli.
32.—Asemesthes windhukensis.
34.—Drassodes masculus.
36.—Drassodes stationis.
39.—Drassodella purcelli.
40.—g and 2 Drassodella quinquela-
becula.
41.—¢ and 92 Drassodella 7-maculata,
Strand.
42.—Drassodella vasivulva.
43.—Leptodrassus bergensis.
44.—Setaphis arcus.
45.—Setaphis bechuanica.
46.—Setaphis bilinearis.
47.—3 and 2 Setaphis calviniensis.
48.—Setaphis bulawayensis.
50.—A phantaulax inornata.
52.—d and 2 Aphantaulax stationis.
53.—Trichothyse hortensis.
55.—Camillina aestus.
57.— and 2 Camillina biplagia.
58.—Camillina brownt.
59.—Camillina cordifera, Tullgren.
60.—Camillina luteus.
61.—Camillina postrema.
62.—3 and 9 Camillina setosus.
65.—Echemus erutus.
66.—Zelotes anchora.
67.— 3 and Q Zelotes capsula.
694.—Zelotes hewittr.
| 69n.—Zelotes lava.
PLATE X.
13.—U pognampa parvipalpa.
18.—Aneplasa primaris.
31.— and 2 Asemesthes reflexus.
33.—Drassodes bechuanicus.
35.—Drassodes splendens.
37.—Drassodes tortuosus.
38.—Drassodella melana.
49.—Setaphis lightfootv.
51.—A phantaulax signicollis.
54.—Epikurtomma beaufortia.
56.—¢ and 2 Camillina amnicola.
63.—Megamyrmeceon schreinert.
The Drassidae of South Africa.
64.—Megamyrmeceon transvaalensis.
68.—Zelotes frencht.
77.—Zelotes sclateri.
81.—Poecilochroa anomalus, Hewitt.
82.—Poecilochroa involuta.
84.—Scotophaeus marleyt.
85.—Scotophaeus purcelli.
88.—f and 2 Xerophaeus bicavus.
92.—Xerophaeus flammeus.
95.—Xerophaeus pallidus.
96.—Xerophaeus phaseolus.
97.—Xerophaeus rubeus.
99.—X erophaeus tenebrosus.
100.—Xerophaeus vickermani (3 and Q).
PLATE XI.
70.—Zelotes montana.
71.—Zelotes montivaga.
72.—Zelotes natalensis.
73.—Zelotes ornata.
74.—Zelotes pallidipes.
75.—Zelotes pedimaculosus.
76.— ¢ and 9 Zelotes rufipes.
78.— and 9 Zelotes ungula.
79.—3 and 9 Zelotes vespertilionis.
80.—Zelotes vryburgensis.
83.—Latonigena africanus.
86.—Xerophaeus appendiculatus, Pure.
87.—Xerophaeus aridus, Pure.
89.—Xerophaeus capensis, Pure.
90.—(g and 2) Xerophaeus crusculus.
91.—Xerophaeus druryt.
93.—Xerophaeus matroosbergensis.
94.—Xerophaeus occiduus.
98.—Xerophaeus silvaticus.
101.—Theuma elucubata.
102.—Theuma foveolata.
103.—Theuma mutica, Pure.
104.—Theuma fusca, Pure.
105.—Theuma capensis, Pure.
106.—Theuma cedri, Pure.
107.—Theuma schultzei, Pure.
108.—Theuma schreineri, Pure.
109.—Theuma maculata, Pure.
110.—Theuma purcelli.
111.—Theuma fusca, §, Pure.
112.—Theuma maculata, g, Pure.
113.—Theuma parva, 3, Pure.
114.—Theuma schreineri, 5, Pure.
115.—Theuma capensis, 3, Pure.
116.—Theuma ababensis, 4.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate VIII.
SOUTH AFRICAN DRASSIDAE (ARACHNIDA).
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate IX.
694
SOUTH AFRICAN DRASSIDAE (ARACHNIDA).
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate X.
99 100
SOUTH AFRICAN DRASSIDAE (ARACHNIDA).
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate XI.
{01 102
Ve
SOUTH AFRICAN DRASSIDAE (ARACHNIDA).
( 439 )
8. The South and Central African Species of the Genus Synagris
Latreile (Hymenoptera).—By J. BEQUAERT.
Tus is the first of a series of articles in which I shall deal with the
diplopterous wasps of South and Central Africa, south of 10° S. lat.
The area under consideration includes the south-eastern portion of the
Belgian Congo, or the Katanga district, which in its fauna and flora
has many points in common with Northern Rhodesia, and differs
considerably from the equatorial Congo belt. Since for lack of
material the wasps of the Katanga could not be fully treated before,
the present paper will supplement my Revision of Congo Vespidae
(1918).
The genus Synagris contains the largest and most handsome of the
African wasps, and is unquestionably one of the striking features of
the Ethiopian fauna. Many of its members are common, and their
presence is forced upon the attention of the traveller by the con-
spicuous large mud-nests they build, often in colonies, and frequently
within human habitations. An account of the characters and
interesting behaviour of the genus will be found in my paper quoted
above. The majority of the twenty-four species recognised at
present occur in Western and Equatorial Africa. In the region here
considered, seven species are known with certainty, of which but five
occur south of the Zambesi River. Synagris maxillosa and S. carinata
are apparently restricted to South Africa. The genus seems to be
absent from the immediate vicinity of Cape Town, the westermost
record known in the Cape Province being Tulbagh.
Since Maidl has exhaustively treated this genus in a comparatively
recent monograph (1914), it will suffice here to give a key enabling
the identification of the South and Central African species. The
females possess 12 antennal joints and 6 visible abdominal seg-
ments; the males 13 antennal joints and 7 abdominal segments.
In addition the males frequently exhibit a number of secondary
sexual characters on the mandibles, head, clypeus, legs, and 2nd
abdominal segment; though the size and shape of these sexual
peculiarities vary considerably, even within the limits of one species,
they are in themselves good specific characters.
440 Annals of the South African Museum.
I have called attention elsewhere (1918, pp. 124-127) to the ex-
tensive variation shown in the colour markings of certain species in
this genus and to the resulting impossibility of correctly identifying
specimens without a careful study of structural characters. Some of
the species include a number of more or less constant colour races or
varieties, while the same colour-pattern may be repeated in different
species. Many of the forms, especially in the subgenus Paragris, are
either almost wholly black, or black with white or orange-red apical
segments. Furthermore, a similar colouration is also found in some
of the larger forms of Odynerus, subgenus Rygchium, which, however,
differs in having 6-jomted maxillary palpi and 4-jointed labial
palpi. In Synagris the labial palpi are always 3-jointed and the
maxillary palpi 3- to 5-joimted, except in S. vicaria where they —
are 6-jointed.
The length is measured from the centre of the clypeus to the apical
margin of the 2nd abdominal tergite (h.-th.+t. 1-+-2).
Table of Subgenera.
1. Clypeus pear-shaped, with 2 conspicuous, longitudinal keels on apical 3. Man-
dibles comparatively short, strongly grooved and keeled on external face ;
inner margin with only 3 slight notches. Postscutellum feebly raised, not
hunched. Propodeum without strong, lateral spines, its lateral and inferior
ridges irregularly serrulate . : : : Subgenus Pseudagris.
Clypeus without longitudinal keels, at sr with traces of two very short
ridges near apex . go 2.
2. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed ; labial alt Syointed: iba Soman very long and
thickened. Vertex without hairy fovea. Mandibles and postscutellum as in
Pseudagris. Propodeum rounded at sides, without spines or ridges, not
serrulate. In the male, apical joint of antennae very short, hardly curved, and
not folded beneath penultimate joint . . Subgenus Rhynchagris.
Maxillary palpi never more than 5-jointed, often less; labial palpi with 3
slender joints. Postscutellum bidentate or with two rounded protuberances.
Propodeum as a rule with lateral spines. In the male, apical joint of antennae
folded like a hook beneath preceding joints . é x 7 Bey
. Mandibles more or less grooved or keeled on outer aetane. their inner margin
in the female with 3 notches, in the male with teeth of variable size and shape ;
very rarely the mandibles of the male have protuberances near their base
(S. negusi). Vertex as a rule with hairy fovea. Postscutellum with 2
somewhat spiny protuberances . . . . Subgenus Paragris.
Mandibles with even, almost smooth, outer pares ; inner margin finely serrulate
in both sexes; in the male the mandibles frequently bear a protuberance or
horn near base. Postscutellum with 2 broadly-rounded protuberances.
Synagris, sensu stricto.
South and Central African Species of Genus Synagris Latreille. 441
Suspcenus SYNAGRIS, sensu stricto.
This group consists of three (or possibly only two) very closely
allied species, the characters of which have been compared in my
Revision of the Congo Vespidae.
Synagris cornuta (Linné), the best known of these species, occurs
in various colour forms throughout the West African Forest Province
from Sierra Leone to Uganda and the mouth of the Congo River. In
the interior of the continent, the southernmost points from which it is
recorded at present are Kondué (4° 55’ §., 23° 15’ E.) and Kindu
(3° §., 26° E.). Lepeletier de St. Fargeau’s old indication of this
species from the “‘ Cape of Good Hope ”’ is certainly erroneous.
In eastern equatorial Africa S. proserpina (Gribodo) replaces S.
cornuta, from which it differs in having the second abdominal sternite
more abruptly sloping on the basal third in both sexes. In the male
the apical margin of the clypeus 1s distinctly truncate, or more or less
emarginate (in S. cornuta narrowly or broadly rounded, or nearly
truncate), and the denticulation of the inner margin of the mandibles
is stronger than in S. cornuta, especially towards their base. S.
proserpina agrees with S. cornuta in showing on the middle of the tarsal
claws a broad triangular edge, in addition to the two apical teeth, a
character which is not found in other members of the genus.
In the typical form of S. proserpina, which occurs in Tanganyika
Territory (ex-German East Africa), the head, thorax, legs, and base
of abdomen are entirely, or nearly entirely, brownish red; the
remainder of the body is black, with interrupted white bands on the
apical margins of abdominal tergites 3 to 5.
The var. nyassae (Stadelmann) (syn. : Synagris flavomaculata, Meade
Waldo) differs from the type in the greater extension of the black on
head, thorax, and base of abdomen; the white bands on tergites
3 to 5 are so broadly interrupted on the middle line that they form two
rows of lateral spots. Length (h.+th.+t. 1+2): 18-20 mm. This
form occurs from the northern end of Lake Nyasa (Manow), through
North-East Rhodesia (Fort Jameson and Fwambo) to the Katanga
(Lufira River at 3500 ft. ; 150 to 200 miles west of Kambove at 3500
to 4500 ft.; Kapiri; and I have seen a male from Lubumbashi,
May 22, 1920, and a female from the same locality, January 20,
1921, both taken by Dr. Mich. Bequaert).
It would be interesting to learn in how far the behaviour of S. pro-
serpina coincides with the very peculiar habits of its ally S. cornuta.
The life-history of the latter has been fully investigated by Roubaud
449 Annals of the South African Museum.
(1910 and 1916), and a résumé of his observations, together with some
additional data, will be found in my Revision (1918, pp. 211-214).
SuBGENUS PARAGRIS, Saussure.
Females.
1. Clypeus pear-shaped, slightly longer than broad, covered with minute, more or
less distinct, confluent longitudinal striae; its apex comparatively narrow,
straight truncate or feebly sinuate. Lateral angles of propodeum forming
spiny protuberances, its dorsal areas rugosely reticulate, without distinct
transverse striae; the transverse striation on its concavity distinct. Second °
abdominal sternite feebly convex towards base, not projecting more on middle
than on sides, its median line slightly depressed ; portion in front of posterior
margin with 2 transverse (often inconspicuous) welts. Black; clypeus,
antennae, mandibles, and spots on head more or less ferruginous red ; in the
typical form the 3 apical segments of abdomen orange-yellow ; in the var.
emarginata (Saussure) the 4 apical segments of that colour; in the
var. albofasciata, Maidl, the 3 apical segments ivory-white. Length
(h.+-th.-+t. 1-2): 18-23 mm. . : j 5 S. abyssinica, Guérin.
Clypeus either smooth or with scattered punctures, without striation. Lateral
angles of propodeum forming spiny protuberances. As a rule the dorsal
areas of propodeum, as well as its concavity, are distinctly corrugated. Basal
portion of 2nd abdominal sternite more abruptly raised in the middle than on
sides, and slightly, although distinctly, flattened or even somewhat sunken
behind this raised median part . : : 6 5 ee
2. Clypeus broadly pear-shaped, with widely truncate and somewhat rounded
apical margin ; its apical quarter markedly depressed or even slightly sunken.
Black ; clypeus, antennae, mandibles, parts of head and of fore legs, more or
less ferruginous red ; the 3 apical tergites of abdomen and part of the corre-
sponding sternites orange-red. Length (h.-+th.+t. 1-+2): 18-23 mm.
S. calida, Linné.t
Clypeus pear-shaped and convexly swollen throughout or very narrowly flat-
tened into a preapical margin. : : 6 Bb
3. Black; clypeus, a few spots on antennae, mandibles heads and fore legs,
ferruginous red ; 2 or 3 apical abdominal tergites with more or less extensive
white markings. Clypeus rather dull, elongate pear-shaped; its apical,
narrow portion comparatively long. Length (h.+th.+t. 1+2): 19-24 mm.
S. mirabilis, Guérin.
Black, with the 4 apical tergites of the abdomen orange-red . : . 4.
4. Clypeus rather dull, elongate pear-shaped, much longer than broad, its terminal
narrowed portion constricted at the base and its apex narrow and rather
abruptly truncate. Clypeus and parts of antennae and head orange or
1 Synagris (Paragris) calida has been included in the keys, although it is not
known with certainty from the region under study. The records of calida from
the Cape, Natal, and Transvaal are extremely doubtful and probably based on
erroneous identifications.
South and Central African Species of Genus Synagris Latreille. 443
ferruginous red in the typical form; the clypeus black in the var. mgro-
clypeata, Maid]. Length (h.+th.+t. 1+2): 18-21 mm.
S. analis, Saussure.
Clypeus glossy, comparatively short pear-shaped, basal broad portion very
gradually narrowed towards apex, which is broad and obtusely rounded.
Clypeus, antennae, and a spot on the middle of the face, orange. Length
(h.-+th.-+t. 1+2): 20 mm. : : : . 8. maxillosa, Saussure.
Males.
. Apical margin of clypeus deeply and distinctly emarginate, either bidentate or
bifid : : : c ; be
Apical margin of elvpeus arent or vonuid Seen or very feebly sinuate,
never bidentate. Dorsal areas of the propodeum transversely corrugated 4.
- Black, with white markings on the 3 or 4 apical tergites of abdomen. Clypeus
much broader than long, its apex very deeply and narrowly emarginate, the
lateral edges forming 2 broad, blunt appendages. Mandibles with a broad
basal half, then distinctly constricted, and with a much narrower apical
portion. Second abdominal sternite with or without more or less developed
preapical protuberances or spines. Transverse corrugation of propodeum.
very regular and sharp, extending over its dorsal areas. Length
(h.+th.+t. 142): 20-21 mm. . F : S. mirabilis, Guérin.
Black, with the 4 or 5 apical tergites of abdomen marked with orange-red.
Apical margin of clypeus semicircularly emarginate, its lateral edges short,
sharply dentate and widely separate. Dorsal areas of propodeum either
transversely corrugated or rugosely reticulate : : ¢ 6 Be
- Middle femora distinctly flattened and somewhat tmisiadle anterior face de-
pressed or slightly hollowed towards base. Mandibles of irregular shape,
with projecting median tooth in front of middle of inner margin. Clypeus
glossy, about as broad as long, very deeply emarginate. Four or five apical
tergites of abdomen orange-red. In the var. bequaerti, H. Brauns, the 2nd
abdominal tergite bears also 2 large, orange-red spots. Length
(h.+th.+t. 1+2): 18 mm. W é : S. maaillosa, Saussure.
Middle femora of normal shape, convex on anterior face. Clypeus rather dull,
somewhat longer than broad, more shallowly emarginate. Mandibles normal,
shaped almost asin the female. Second abdominal sternite with 2 transverse,
more or less conspicuous, preapical welts or ridges. In the typical form
with 4, in the var. emarginata (Saussure) with 5 apical segments of the abdomen
orange-red; in the var. albofasciata, Maidl, with 4 apical segments white.
Length (h.+th.+t. 1+2): 16-19 mm. : : S. abyssinica, Guérin.
. Middle femora distinctly flattened ; anterior face with a feebly oblique, basal
depression ; lower margin markedly projecting about the basal 3. Clypeus
as a rule longer than broad, its elongate, terminal portion more or less flattened
or slightly depressed on sides; its apical margin straight truncate or feebly
sinuate, with rounded, blunt edges. Mandibles variously shaped, often
much deformed, but without prebasal tooth along inner margin. Second
abdominal sternite sometimes with 2 preapical protuberances. Black; the
5 apical segments of abdomen orange-red... Length (h.+th.+t. 1+2):
16-22 mm. p 5 2 4 : ; ; S. analis, Saussure.
29
444 Annals of the South African Museum.
Middle femora normal, with convex anterior face. Clypeus as broad as, or
distinctly broader than, long; its terminal portion very short and broadly
truncate; its apical margin either straight or feebly sinuate, with sharp,
somewhat keeled, lateral edges, often with a narrow, depressed, terminal
lamella. Second abdominal sternite sometimes with preapical protuberances.
Mandibles usually much deformed, often with a prebasal tooth along the
inner margin. Black; the four apical segments of abdomen orange-red.
Length (h.+th.+t. 1-2): 18-23 mm. : k S. calida, Linné.
SyNAGRIS (PARAGRIS) ABYSSINICA, Guérin.
The typical form of this species extends over the greater part of the
Kast and South African Savannah Region, where it is one of the most
common wasps (from Eritrea and the Upper Uele to Grahamstown,
Willowmore, and Kowie in the Cape Province, and Gobabis and
Windhoek in ex-German South-West Africa). Dr. H. Brauns writes
me that this is the only species of Synagris at all common near Willow-
more. I have seen specimens from the following localities :—
Transvaal: Johannesburg, 1 ¢ (Ross), 8.A. Mus.
Orange Free State: Smithfield, 1 9 (Kannemeyer), S.A. Mus.
Basutoland: Morija, 1 9 (H. Junod).
Natal: Umbilo, 1 2; Durban, 2 99 (Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist.) ;
Mfongosi, 1 Gand 1 g (W. E. Jones), 8.A. Mus.
Cape Province: Modder River, Kimberley, 3 92 (T. D. Butler),
S.A. Mus.
The var. emarginata, Saussure, has, on the whole, a more northern
distribution than the type : it occurs in the Lower Congo, the Katanga,
Rhodesia, and in Hast Africa from Nyasaland to Abyssinia and the
valley of the Semliki River. I have seen the following specimens :—
Katanga: Kimilololo River, near Elisabethville, 1 3g, July 3,
1920; Lubumbashi, 1 9, May 23, 1920 (Mich. Bequaert).
Rhodesia: Bulawayo, 1 3, October "99, 1911 (G. Arnold),
Rhod. Mus.; Salisbury, 1 @ (Dr. M. Melle Arcturus), S.A.
Mus.
The var. albofasciata, Maid], is known only from north of 10° S. lat. -
SYNAGRIS (PARAGRIS) ANALIS, Saussure.
This species has much the same distribution as the foregoing and is
often equally common. Dr. H. Brauns has occasionally collected it
near Willowmore, where, he reports, it is much rarer than abyssvmea.
All the specimens I have seen belong to the typical form :—
Katanga: Panda River, 1 2, October 18, 1920 (Mich. Bequaert).
Rhodesia: Victoria Falls, 1 29 (W. L. Sclater); Salisbury, 1 ¢
South and Central African Species of Genus Synagris Latreille. 445
(Dr. Melle Arcturus), S.A. Mus.; Bulawayo, | 9, September
17, 1919 (G. Arnold), Rhod. Mus.
Portuguese East Africa: Lourenzo Marques, several gg and 9?
(H. Junod), Coll. Cornell Univ. ; Delagoa Bay, 1 9, S.A. Mus.
Transvaal: Barberton, 1 ¢ (H. Edwards), and Acornhoek, 1 @
(R. W. Tucker), S.A. Mus.
Natal: Durban, 1 ¢ (O’Neil), S.A. Mus.
Cape Province: Mossel Bay, 1 2 (B. Power), S.A. Mus.
There is also in the South African Museum a male of this species
from Waterberg, ex-German South-West Africa (R. W. Tucker).
According to Maidl, this should be referred to his var. nigroclypeata,
the male of which, however, does not differ from that of the typical
form.
SYNAGRIS (PARAGRIS) MAXILLOSA, Saussure.
This species is apparently restricted to South Africa, but is so rare
that its distribution is very imperfectly known. None of the speci-
mens seen by Maid! had exact locality labels, and, curiously enough,
of the two specimens (1 @ and 1 Q) in the South African Museum the
locality is also unrecorded.
Dr. H. Brauns has discovered in the Cape Province an interesting
colour variation, of which he has sent me the following description :—
SYNAGRIS MAXILLOSA var. BEQUAERTI, H. Brauns.
“ Male.—This variety has all the morphological characters of typical
macxillosa, Saussure. It is also the same size. The 2nd abdominal
tergite has on each side of the anterior third an oval, orange-coloured,
well-defined spot, which does not reach any of the margins and
stretches diagonally from near the middle line towards the sides.
Scape and flagellum of the antennae yellowish red, with the two
penultimate joints and the apex of the preceding joint black. Coloura-
tion otherwise as in the typical form. Type: male, taken 16 miles
from Willowmore, on the way to Uniondale, Cape Province, October
20, 1919 (Coll. H. Brauns).”
I have seen a male of this variety from Tulbagh, Cape Province
(R. M. Lightfoot), in the collection of the South African Museum.
SyNAGRIS (PARAGRIS) MIRABILIS, Guérin.
This beautiful wasp occurs in East Africa from Abyssinia to Natal,
and inland as far west as Katanga and Rhodesia. I have seen
specimens from the following localities :—
Katanga: Panda River, 1 9, September 9, 1920, and Elizabeth-
446 Annals of the South African Museum.
ville, 1 9, April 29, 1920 (Mich. Bequaert). In this district
it is to be found as far north as the Lukuga River (about
6° S. lat.).
Rhodesia: Driefontein, 1 9, January 1, 1920 (G. Arnold),
Rhod. Mus. ; Salisbury, 2 ¢¢ (Dr. Melle Arcturus), S.A. Mus.
Transvaal: Maboki, Lydenburg, 1 9 (F. J. Kroeger), 8.A. Mus.
Natal: Durban, 1 2 (Marley), S.A. Mus.
Suspcenus RHYNCHAGRIS, Maidl.
In this group is included but one species, Synagris vicaria, Stadel-
mann. The typical form is black, with ivory-white spots or in-
complete bands on all or some of the 3 (female) or 4 (male) apical —
tergites of the abdomen; clypeus, mandibles, antennae, parts of the
head and of the fore legs more or less indigo-red. In the var. luteopicta,
Maidl, the 2 or 3 apical tergites of the abdomen are orange-red instead
of white. Length (h.+th.+t. 1+2): 16-5 mm.
I have seen a female of the typical form from 10 miles north of
Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia, October 1913 (G. Arnold), Rhod. Mus.
In this specimen the anal segment is entirely black; the white spots
cover the major part of tergites 4 and 5, but are completely separated
on the middle line by a black triangle which is much broader on
tergite 4.
The typical S. vicaria is known only from the Katanga, Tanganyika,
Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland ; the var. luteopicta extends as far
north as Uganda.
SuscENuS PSEUDAGRIS, Saussure.
This subgenus contains but one species in the region under con-
sideration : Synagris carinata, Saussure. Female black ; the posterior
margin of tergite 3, the 4th to 6th tergites entirely and the corre-
sponding sternites partly, orange-yellow ; clypeus, mandibles, antennae,
parts of the head and of the fore legs, indigo-red. Length
(h.+th.+t. 1+2): 15 mm. The male is unknown.
Until recently this species was known only from the single type, a
female (not a male as described by Saussure) from Port Natal. The
South African Museum has a female from Durban, Natal, January
1915 (Marley), which was correctly identified as carinata by Mr. J. C.
Bridwell, and agrees perfectly with Saussure’s original description.
South and Central African Species of Genus Synagris Latreille. 447
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the following gentlemen,
who, through the loan of specimens or otherwise, have made the
writing of this paper possible: Dr. H. Brauns, of Willowmore; Dr.
L. Péringuey, Director of the South African Museum, Cape Town ; and
Dr. G. Arnold, Curator of the Rhodesian Museum, Bulawayo. My
brother, Dr. Michel Bequaert, has sent several of the species recorded
from the Katanga. Iam also under great obligation to Dr. Péringuey
for the publication of this article in the Annals of the South African
Museum.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1918. BEQuaERT, J.—“ A Revision of the Vespide of the Belgian Congo.” Bull.
American Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. xxxix, pp. 1-384, pls. i-vi.
1914. Marpu, F.—‘‘ Monographie der Gattung Synagris Latreille.’’ Denkschr.
Math. Naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien., vol. xci, pp. 213-333, pls. i-v.
1910. Rousaup, E.—“‘ Recherches sur la biologie des Synagris.”” Ann. Soc.
Entom. France, vol. Ixxix, pp. 1-21, pls. i-iv.
1916. Rousaup, E.—*‘ Recherches biologiques sur les guépes solitaires et sociales
d’ Afrique.’ Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (10), vol. i, pp. 1-160.
1916. ScHouTEDEN, H.—“‘ Sur quelques Synagris du Congo belge.’? Revue Zool.
Afric., vol. v, pp. 91-96.
1919. ScHouTEDEN, H.—“‘ Vespides du Congo belge des collections du Musée de
Tervueren.”” Revue Zool. Afric., vol. vi, pp. 171-189.
[INDEX.
448
A
abyssinica (Paragris) .
albofasciata (Paragris abyssinica
var.) . 5
analis (Paragris)
B
bequaerti (Paragris maxillosa var.)
C
calida (Paragris)
carinata (Pseudagris)
cornuta (Synagris)
E
emarginata (Paragris abyssinica
var.) :
F
flavomaculata (Synagris)
L
luteopicta (Rhynchagris vicaria
var.)
Annals of the South African Museum.
INDEX.
PAGE M
444 | maxillosa (Paragris) .
mirabilis (Paragris)
444
t44 N
nigroclypeata (Paragris analis var.)
445 | nyassae (Synagris cornuta var.) .
12
442 Paragris . : :
446 proserpina (Synagris)
441 Pseudagris
R
444 | Rhynchagris
S
441 Synagris .
V
446 | vicaria (Rhynchagris)
PAGE
445
445
445
441
442
44]
446
446
441
446
ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
VOLUME XIX.
PART IIT, containing —
9.—South African Trypanead Diptera wm the Collection
of the South African Museum. By Professor M. Buzzi.
(Plates XTI-XV.) :
ISSUED AUGUST 1924. PRICE 11s.
; PRINTED FOR THE
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
BY NEILL AND CO., LTD.,
212 CAUSEWAYSIDE, EDINBURGH.
( 449 )
9. South African Trypaneid Diptera in the Collection of the South
African Museum.—By Professor M. Brzzt.
(With Plates XII-XV.)
Loew, in his classical paper of 1861 on the African Trypaneidae,*
has enumerated 52 species (with exclusion of the Dacinae), 30 of which
were described and figured; most of the latter were from South
Africa. All the species were retained under the single generic name
of Trypeta.
In a series of papers published by me from 1915 to 1920,7 I have
differentiated the genera of the Trypaneidae of the Ethiopian region,
recognising about 216 species; most of them were, however, from
Central Africa.
It was thus with the greatest pleasure that I received, through the
courtesy of the late Dr. L. Peringuey, the material of the South
African Museum, being enabled thereby to extend my knowledge
of the family to the South African forms. At the same time I have
received extensive collections made at Hast London by Mr. H. K.
Munro; and also some specimens from the Entomological Division
of the Department of Agriculture, Cape Town.
All these materials are incorporated in the present work, which
gives a good idea of the South African Trypaneid-fauna, and includes
descriptions of about 180 species of fruit-flies. The types or paratypes
of almost all the new species here described are deposited in the South
African Museum.
The fruit-fly fauna of South Africa, in comparison with that of
Central Africa, is characterised by the great abundance of Trypaneinae,
which are even more numerous than the Ceratitinae ; in the tropical
parts of the Continent the species of the former subfamily are almost
wanting. This is a character of temperate regions. But the Dacinae
are also well represented, while the Adraminae are very scarce; the
aberrant group of the Rhabdochaetinae is represented by some peculiar
and striking forms, while the true Schistopterinae are quite wanting.
* Ueber die Afrikanischen Trypetrina. Berlin ent. Zeitschr., 1861, v, pp.
253-306, 1 pl. ; with additions, 1862, vi, p. 90.
7 Bull. ent. Research, 1915, vi, pp. 85-101, 14 figs. ; 1917, viii, pp. 63-71, 6 figs. ;
1918, vii, pp. 215-251, 3 figs., 1 pl.; 1918, ix, pp. 13-46, 3 figs., 1 pl. ; 1919, ix, pp.
177-182, 3 figs. ; 1920, x, pp. 211-271, 2 pls.
30
450 Annals of the South African Museum.
Of peculiar South African genera may be mentioned Afrodacus in
the Dacinae; Munromyia in the Adraminae; Taomyia, Afrocneros,
Xanthanomoea, Hermannloewia, Zacerata, Allotrypes, Rivelliomima,
Rhynchoedaspis, and Munroella in the Ceratitinae; Perirhithrum and
Eutretosoma in the Rhabdochaetinae; Platomma, Elaphromyia, and
Afreutreta in the Trypaneinae, which are also characterised by the
great number of species in the genera Spathulina, Ensina, and
Trypanea.
In another paper, now in the press, I have given a general revision
of all the Trypaneidae of the Ethiopian region, numbering about 400
species, with the inclusion of those here described. But at present I
have come to the conclusion that the classification of the family,
adopted by me in that paper, must be changed. It seems, indeed,
better to make six subfamilies instead of five only, by splitting that
of the Schistopterinae in two. Moreover, the arrangement of these
-subfamilies must be disposed as follows :—
No occipital bristles ;
; Second basal cell dilated : . Ll: Dacinae:
thoracic chaetotaxy
: /Second basal cell not dilated . 2, Adraminae.
incomplete. |
No costal nick on wings.
Occipital bristles typically 3. Ceratitinae.
Occipital bristles always black, thin, and acute. | Wings with costal nick.
present ; thoracic
chaetotaxy always
complete.
4. Schistopterinae.
Occipital bristles typically hoes bang oY
5. Rhabdochaetinae.
whitish, thick, and ob- : page
No praeocellar bristles.
tuse. ;
6. Trypaneinae.
Owing to the great importance of chaetotaxy for the distinction of
fruit-flies, in the following tables and descriptions abbreviations are
used for indicating the bristles or macrochaetae, as follows :—
a. Sa. anterior supra-alar. prsc. =praescutellar.
a. sct. =apical scutellar. prst. =praesutural.
b. set. =basal scutellar. p. sa. posterior supra-alar.
de. =dorso-central. pt. =pteropleural.
hm. =humeral. pvt. =postvertical.
i. or. =inferior orbital. sa. =supra-alar.
mpl. =mesopleural. scp. =scapular.
npl. =notopleural. sect. =scutellar.
oc. =ocellar. st. =sternopleural.
ocp. =occipital row. s. or. =superior orbital.
or. =orbital. vt. =vertical.
poe. =praeocellar.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 451
The six subfamilies of the African Trypaneidae may be distin-
guished as follows :—
Ie
10.
(4) Ocp. quite wanting ; thoracic chaetotaxy incomplete, the hm., prst., de.,
and st. being always wanting; poc. always wanting; front femora
without bristles below.
(3) Wings with the first three longitudinal veins closely approximated, the
anterior cross-vein long and oblique, the second basal cell dilated and
always hyaline, and the anal cell drawn out into a very long point ;
arista always bare; abdomen typically short and broad, usually
broader than the thorax . : ; : ; : . Dacinae.
(2) Wings with the first three veins not approximated, the anterior cross-vein
short and perpendicular, the second basal cell not dilated, and the
anal cell with a short point; abdomen long and linear, narrower
than the thorax ; : ; : ; : . Adraminae.
(1) Ocp. always present, if even sometimes very few in number; thoracic.
chaetotaxy complete, that is the above-named bristles usually present,
or at least not all wanting at the same time ; front femora with a row
of bristles below.
(8) Ocp. thin and acute, usually of a black colour; poc. always wanting ;
in doubtful cases, either the antennal arista is plumose, or the scp. are
well developed, or the de. are placed much behind the suture, or the
third longitudinal vein is bristly, or the point of the anal cell is rather
long, or the wings are not reticulate, or thorax and scutellum show a
striking coloration.
(7) Wings with the costa not broadly interrupted at end of the auxiliary
vein, and destitute of peculiarly coloured “‘ bullae’ on the disc; oc.
usually present; third antennal joint not subulate, even if sometimes
with a point on its upper terminal angle. é . Ceratitinae.
(6) Costa deeply interrupted at end of auxiliary vein, and there with a
prominent nick; wings with strikingly coloured “ bullae”’ on the disc ;
oc. wanting ; third antennal joint subulate . 5 Schistopterinae.*
(5) Ocp. strong and obtuse, always of a whitish colour; in doubtful cases,
either poc. are present, or the arista is bare, or the scp. are less distinct
or wanting, or the third longitudinal vein is bare, or the de. are placed
very near the suture, or the lower point of the anal cell is very short,
or the wings are reticulate, or the coloration of body is much more
modest and uniform.
. (10) Poc. usually present ; oc. broadly separated at base ; third antennal joint
subulate ; wings with costal nick and with strikingly coloured “ bullae ”
Rhabdochaetinae.
(9) Poc. usually absent; oc. approximate at base and diverging; third
antennal joint not subulate; wings with indistinct costal nick and
without strikingly coloured “* bullae ” : b . Trypaneinae.
* Not yet found in South Africa.
452 Annals of the South African Museum.
SuspFamMity DACINAE.
This tropical subfamily is well represented in South Africa, most
of the species being peculiar to the country. The genera may be
distinguished as follows :—
1. (6) No prse. ; wings of male without praeaxillary lobe.
2. (3) Three sa., the anterior one being well developed Tridacus, Bezzi.
3. (2) Two sa., the anterior one quite wanting.
4, (5) Antennae very elongate, with the first joint as long as the second
Tridacus, p. p. »
5. (4) Antennae not so elongate, with the first joint shorter than the second
Dacus, s. str.
6. (1) Prse. present; a. sa. wanting; wings of male with a rather distinct prae-
axillary lobe : : : : : 4 . Afrodacus, gen. nov.
TRIDACUS, Bezzi, 1915.
The present genus seems to be more Central African in its distribu-
tion, being represented in the South only by a few species, which are
as follows :—
1. (6) Wings with the brown costal border extended to the middle of the first
posterior cell, or even to the fourth vein, or sometimes with a broad
apical brown spot extending beyond the fourth vein.
2. (3) First antennal joint as long as the second ; wings with a broad rounded
apical brown spot filling almost the whole of the first posterior cell
and extending into the upper part of the second posterior cell; back
of mesonotum with three yellow postsutural stripes lownsburyi, Coq.*
3. (2) First antennal joint shorter than the second, wings without such a broad
terminal spot or with a much smaller one.
4. (5) Only one yellow hypopleural spot; wings with yellowish fore border
and with a rounded apical brown spot which stops at fourth vein
chrysomphalus, sp. nov.
5. (4) Two yellow hypopleural spots ; wings with a brown fore border extending
to the fourth vein, but without rounded terminal spot
pectoralis, Walk.
6. (1) Wings with the brown fore border narrower, not extending beyond the
third longitudinal vein, or doing so only at apex; sometimes the
wings are without dark costal border, having only a small dark spot
at end.
7. (10) No humeral and no hypopleural yellow spots ; mesopleural yellow stripe
very narrow or indistinct.
8. (9) Wings with brown anal stripe ; face with two black spots
eclipsis, Bezzi.
* This species is destitute of a. sa., and might therefore be placed in Dacus
s. str., but differs from all the others in the antennae.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 453,
9. (8) Wings without anal brown stripe ; face unspotted . . scaber, Loew.
10. (7) Humeral and hypopleural yellow spots present; face unspotted ; wings
without anal stripe and with an isolated brown spot at end of third
vein.
11. (14) Only one yellow hypopleural spot.
12. (13) Frons with black lateral spots ; ae mesopleural stripe narrow ; body
black spotted . 4 : p . lotus, sp. nov.
13. (12) Frons without black lateral ehotee Gaespnleue with a broad yellow patch
which extends to the humeral yellow spots; body entirely reddish,
quite unspotted : ; 6 . sphaerostigma, sp. nov.
14. (11) Two contiguous yellow hy pleural spots : punctatifrons, Karsch.
Tridacus lounsburyi, Coquillett, 1901.
(2, OIG ster, 1h)
This magnificent species of great size was originally described from
the Cape, and was subsequently recorded by Fraggatt, by Silvestri, by
Enderlein, and by me, and placed in Tridacus. But Mr. H. K.
Munro has examined paratypes in the Collection of the Entomological
Division at Cape Town and has found them without a. sa.; and even
all the specimens seen by me are devoid of this bristle.
The species differs from any other South African Tridacus or Dacus
by its convex face and chiefly by its very long antennae, which have
the first joint as long as the second; characteristic also is the golden
pubescence on the abdomen. In chrysomphalus the a. sa. is rather
small, while in the allied sphaeristicus, Speiser, it is very strong.
I prefer at present to retain the species under Tridacus, pending
the erection of a new genus for its reception.
One male specimen from East London, 27th March 1923 (H. K.
Munro).
Tridacus chrysomphalus, sp. nov.
(Bly IE aie S.)
Near lounsburyi, but at once distinguished by minor size, by distinct
a., by broader yellow mesopleural stripe, by the scutellum being
only narrowly infuscated basally, and by the wings, which have a
much more narrow and less defined dark apical patch. It seems
also allied with fuscovittatus, Graham, but has only one yellow hypo-
pleural spot. Type 9, a single specimen from Zululand, M’fongosi,
December 1913 (W. E. Jones). Numerous specimens of both sexes
from Hast London (H. K. Munro).
$2. Length of body, 8-9 mm.; of wing, 7-8 mm.; of ovipositor,
15 mm. Head yellowish; occiput reddish, with a complete yellow
454 Annals of the South African Museum.
border. Frons broad, less than twice longer than broad, opaque, with
a black ocellar dot, three black spots on each side at the insertion of the
or., and a narrow blackish band in the middle ; lunula shining black.
Face less shining, with two broad elongate black spots on the middle,
extending with their lower internal corner almost to the mouth border.
Antennae rather long, entirely reddish, with the second joint
longer than the first and with the third joint twice as long as the
second ; aristareddish. Parafacialia and peristomialia pale yellowish,
the latter with a broad, ovate, blackish spot. Proboscis and palpi
dark reddish. Allthe cephalic bristles black; onlytwoi.or. Thorax
entirely reddish, punctulate, with a short, pale yellowish pubescence ;
on the back there is a narrow, blackish middle stripe, three narrow
yellow postsutural stripes, and a blackish patch on each side interiorly
to the lateral yellow stripes. Humeri reddish brown, with one yellow
spot on front corner. Pleurae reddish, with a narrow yellow stripe
at hind border of mesopleura, a little continued above along the
suture and with a small sternopleural spot below; on both sides of
this yellow stripe the pleurae are blackish; sternopleurae clothed
with white dust and below with white hairs; a single broad,
rounded, yellow hypopleural spot. Postscutellum and mesophragma
entirely reddish, smooth. Scutellum yellow, with a narrow transverse
dark band at base. All the bristles black, the a. sa. rather small
but always present. Halteres whitish. Abdomen elongate, convex,
narrowed at base; coloured, punctulate, and pubescent like the back
of mesonotum, with a broad, complete, yellowish band at hind
border of second segment, but devoid of any dark markings; third
segment of male ciliated; oval patches of the last segment less
distinct. Venter reddish brown, with yellowish base; ovipositor
shining reddish, with whitish pubescence, a little longer than
the last abdominal segment. Legs reddish, whitish pubescent, the
femora with broad yellowish base, those of the last pair more broadly ;
all the praetarsi whitish; tibial spurs black; claws reddish, with
black terminal half. Wings (fig. 3) with a faint yellowish tint and
with yellowish veins. Second longitudinal vein long, its penultimate
section about as long as the terminal one; small cross-vein after the
middle of the discoidal cell; last portion of fourth vein sinuous at
base; the prolongation of the anal cell is longer than the rest of the
anal vein in the female. Stigma dark yellowish; a faint yellowish
border not extending below the second vein, dilated at end in a more
infuscated, but less definite rounded spot, which stops below at the
fourth vein, and interiorly is not prolonged beyond the hind cross-
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 455
vein. Anal dark stripe broad, ending before the hind border of wing,
in the male dilated distally and in contact with a broad dark spot
at end of axillary cell.
Tridacus pectoralis, Walker, 1861.
(BI eXon Ny fig 2)
This is considered only a form of the widely distributed bivittatus,
Bigot. Originally described from Natal, there is a male specimen
from Natal, Bellair,; 18th April 1914 ; and some specimens from Illovo
and from East London (H. K. Munro).
Tridacus eclipsis, Bezzi.
(Pl. XII, fig. 4.)
Closely allied to Dacus fuscatus, Wied., but distinct by the much
more reduced wing-pattern, besides the generic character of the well-
developed a. sa.
I have described the type @ from Durban in the British Museum ;
and I have seen a male specimen from Port Shepstone, 14th July 1917
(H. K. Munro).
The male is very like the female, but has the third abdominal
segment ciliated; the anal brown stripe of the wings (fig. 4) is
broader, extending to the hind border and there dilated below into
a faintly infuscated spot at the extreme corner of the axillary cell:
the prolongation of the anal cell is about three times as long as the
rest of the anal vein.
Tridacus ? scaber, Loew, 1862.
Originally described from “ Caffraria,”’ but never seen subsequently ;
it is doubtful whether it is a Trvdacus or a Dacus.
Tridacus lotus, sp. nov.
Distinct by the unspotted face and by the very reduced wing
pattern, even the anal stripe being wanting; from stylifer it is dis-
tinguished by the short ovipositor, by the spotted frons, and by the
narrow yellow mesopleural stripe.
Type 9, a single specimen from Port Shepstone, 24th July 1917
(H. K. Munro).
456 Annals of the South African Museum.
Q. Length of body, 7 mm., of wing, 6 mm. Prevailing colour of
body dark reddish, with yellow and blackish markings. Occiput
rather shining, entirely reddish, unspotted, with a little developed
yellowish border. Frons of a dull reddish-yellow colour, with a small
black ocellar dot, three pairs of black spots at insertion of the or., and
a faintly infuscated, elongate spot in the middle; it is broad, being
14 as long as broad; lunula shining black. Face shining yellowish,
quite unspotted ; the brownish subocular spot is faintly developed.
Antennae entirely reddish, with the third joint twice as long as the
second, which is longer than the first; arista reddish at base.
Palpi and proboscis reddish yellow. Cephalic bristles black; two i. or.
Back of mesonotum punctulate, clothed with a short, pale yellowish
pubescence ; there is a narrow black middle stripe, which begins at -
the suture and is dilated behind, but stops before reaching the
scutellum; there are no yellow stripes at all. Humeral calli
entirely yellow, with a reddish border in front. Pleurae with a
narrow yellow mesopleural stripe, narrowly prolonged above and
below, and margined in front by a broad black stripe, which is
continued on the sternopleura; the single hypopleural yellow spot
is rounded and broad. Postscutellum reddish; mesophragma
black, narrowly reddish in the middle. Scutellum yellow, with
the basal half dark reddish. Bristles black, the a. sa. rather weak,
but always stronger than the pt. MHalteres whitish. Abdomen
rounded, convex, narrowed at base, coloured and punctulate like
the back of mesonotum ; the first segment and the sides of the last
three segments are black, the oval patches of the last segment being
also blackish; venter reddish. Ovipositor reddish, short, about as
long as the last abdominal segment. Legs pale yellowish, with the
terminal part of all the femora darkened; tibial spurs black; claws
black, with yellowish base. Wings hyaline, with yellowish stigma
and with reddish veins; second longitudinal vein short, the pen-
ultimate segment of costa being about half as long as the last
segment ; small cross-vein after middle of discoidal cell ; last portion
of fourth vein faintly bisinuous ; prolongation of the anal cell a little
shorter than the remaining portion of the same cell. The pattern is
reduced to a faint dark spot at end of third vein ; there is no fuscous
costal border, and no fuscous anal stripe; the marginal cell is only
slightly yellowish, like the base of the submarginal cell; even the
usual basal infuscation of the first basal cell is only faintly indicated ;
the anal cell is shghtly yellowish on its upper part.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 457
Tridacus sphaerostigma, sp. nov.
(RIB Xan y toatas)
Allied with scaber and with stylifer, but distinct by the entirely
reddish body, which is without any dark markings, and by the per-
fectly round dark spot at end of third longitudinal vein.
Types g and 2 from East London, 5th May 1925 (H. K. Munro).
32. Length of body, 6-5 mm.; of wing, 5-5 mm.; of ovipositor,
0-8mm. Occiput entirely shining reddish, unspotted, with a yellow
border below. Frons parallel-sided, reddish yellow, opaque, un-
spotted, with narrowly shining orbital borders; it is about twice
as long as broad, has a very small black ocellar dot and a
yellowish lunula. Face entirely shining yellow, without black spots ;
parafacialia and peristomialia pale yellowish, unspotted. Antennae
entirely reddish, distinctly longer than the face. Palpi and pro-
boscis reddish yellow. Vt. dark reddish brown ; twoi. or., very thin
and pale. Thorax entirely reddish, punctulate, with a thin whitish
pruinescence on back, without any dark markings, but with broad
yellow ones; these are: a rather narrow humeral spot, the front
corner of the humeri being reddish; a very broad, subquadrate
mesopleural patch reaching the humeral spot with its anterior upper
corner; a single, rather small, hypopleural spot. Scutellum reddish,
more or less broadly yellow on the disc. Bristles black, except the
two sct. which are dark reddish. Halteres whitish. Abdomen with
parallel sides, not much narrowed basally; it is entirely reddish,
without dark markings, with an indistinct yellowish hind border of
the second segment in the male; third segment of the male ciliated ;
oval patches of last segment quite distinct ; ovipositor entirely reddish,
not longer than the last abdominal segment ; venter yellowish. Legs
entirely reddish, with the basal part of the femora yellowish. Wings
(fig. 5) hyaline, with a faint yellowish tint ; stigma more intensively
yellowish, marginal cell rather yellowish, submarginal cell not infus-
cated basally. The pale yellowish stripe just above the second basal
cell is faintly developed ; anal cell yellowish along the upper border ;
no trace of anal stripe, or of apical infuscation of the axillary cell in
the male; small cross-vein not infuscated. The black terminal spot
is broad, perfectly circular and symmetrically placed before the end of
the third vein. Last portion of third vein strongly bent downwards,
and running parallel with last portion of fourth, which is straight at
end. Prolongation of anal cell in the male longer than in the female,
as long as the rest of the sixth vein.
458 Annals of the South African Museum.
Tridacus punctatifrons, Karsch, 1887.
This species shows a great resemblance to Dacus vertebratus or to
Dacus brevistylus, but it is at once distinguishable, besides the presence
of a strong a. sa., by the shaded small cross-vein and by the dark
punctate frons.
Recorded from Central Africa, Zanzibar, and Nyasaland. I have
seen some specimens collected at Durban by Mr. v. d. Merwe.
Dacus, Fabricius, s. str.
This genus, taken in its narrowest sense, is very abundantly
represented in South Africa; very characteristic for the fauna are
the large species of the fuscatus-group, which are very like those of
Tridacus instature, wing-pattern, and body-coloration. Thenumerous
species may be distinguished as follows :—
1. (2) Antennae very long, with the first joint as long as the second
lounsburyt, Coq.*
2. (1) Antennae not so long, with the first joint shorter than the second.
3. (10) Species of greater size, measuring 7-9 mm. in length, with the brown
fore border of the wing, or with the terminal dark spots, extending
into the first posterior cell or even into the second ; yellow mesopleural
stripe very narrow.
4. (5) Humeral and hypopleural yellow spots wanting; third abdominal
segment of male ciliated ; scutellum reddish brown, with yellow hind
border. F 2 é : 3 : : . fuscatus, Wied.
5. (4) Two well-developed yellow hypopleural spots.
6. (9) Wings with distinct anal brown stripe, but without broad rounded
terminal spot; tarsi blackish at end; third abdominal segment of
male ciliated.
7. (8) Humeri entirely reddish or with only a small yellow spot; scutellum
broadly reddish-brown at base; the brown costal border of wing
extended to the fourth vein : : 3 subfuscatus, var. nov.
8. (7) Humeri and scutellum entirely yellow ; brown costal border not reaching
fourth vein , ; . brevistriga, Walk.
9. (6) Wings without anal stripe, but with a very broad rounded fuscous spot
at end, extended into the second posterior cell ; humeral calli reddish ;
tarsi quite yellowish to the end; third abdominal segment of male
not ciliated : § : ‘ ‘ : ; marshalli, Bezzi.
10. (3) Species of smaller size, usually measuring not over 6 mm. in length, with
a very narrow dark costal border, or without any costal border at all.
11. (26) Wings with a distinct anal brown stripe ; face with the usual black spots ;
third abdominal segment of male ciliated.
12. (19) A single yellow hypopleural spot.
* See above in the genus 7'ridacus.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 459
. (14) Facial black spots reduced to small black stripes . bistrigulatus, Bezzi.
. (13) Facial black spots rounded as usual.
. (16) Scutellum reddish brown, with a yellow spot on each side ; wings destitute
of dark fore border and of dark terminal spot ; prsc. present
biguttulus, Bezzi.*
. (15) Scutellum yellow ; wings with distinct pattern ; no prse.
. (18) A fuscous spot below the end of fifth longitudinal vein in the male
ciliatus, Loew.
(17) No such spot present. 5 ; . brevistylus, Bezzi.
(12) Two contiguous yellow Hypoplenral npote
. (23) Last portions of third and fourth vein distinctly sinuous.
. (22) Terminal dark spot of the wing united with the brown costal border ;
species of smaller size : .. vertebratus, Bezzi.
. (21) Terminal spot isolated ; fore Bonde more eigrellowieh than brown ; species
of distinctly greater size. . marginalis, Bezzi.
23. (20) Tips of the above-named veins eatly saont
. (25) Terminal dark spot of the wing united with the dark fore border ; species
of greater size . . : : : : . africanus, Adams.
(24) Apical spot isolated ; species of smaller size. : . ficicola, Bezzi.
(11) No distinct anal broaai stripe on the wings.
. (38) Face destitute of the usual black spots.
(29) No distinct yellow hypopleural spots : : : . scaber, Loew.t
(28) Hypopleural spots well developed.
(33) A single yellow hypopleural spot ; mesopleural yellow stripe very broad ;
frons narrow; third abdominal segment of the male ciliated; legs
entirely yellowish.
. (32) Scutellum entirely red, like thorax and abdomen rubicundus, sp. Nov.
. (31) Scutellum yellow ; abdomen broadly black at sides wxanthopus, var. nov.
. (30) Two contiguous yellow hypopleural spots ; mesopleural stripe narrower ;
legs partly infuscated.
. (35) Apical dark spot of the wings united with the fuscous costal border ;
third abdominal segment of male not ciliated purpurifrons, sp. nov.
(84) Apical spot quite isolated ; third segment ciliated.
(87) Thorax and abdomen mainly black; legs partly brown binotatus, Loew.
. (36) Thorax and abdomen mainly reddish; legs paler . immaculatus, Coq.
(27) Face with the usual black spots.
(42) Thorax and scutellum entirely reddish, quite devoid of any yellow
markings.
(41) Abdomen black spotted ; : : . . apoxanthus, sp. Nov.
(40) Abdomen without black spots ; ‘ é decolor, Var. nov.
. (89) Thorax and scutellum with well-dev sloped yellow markings.
(50) A single yellow hypopleural spot.
(47) Wings with a colourless or pale yellowish stigma and with a faintly
infuscated apical spot at end of third vein.
. (46) Scutellum entirely yellow; back of mesonotum dark striped; third
abdominal segment of male ciliated. : 5 . oleae, Gmel.
* This species belongs to the following new genus Afrodacus.
+ Repeated here from Tridacus, because its generic position is doubtful.
460 Annals of the South African Museum.
46. (45) Scutellum reddish brown in the middle; back not striped; third abdo-
minal segment not ciliated . : : : bigemmatus, sp. NOV.
47. (44) Wings with a blackish stigma and with a more intensively infuscated
terminal spot, or even with a narrow blackish costal border.
48. (49) Apical dark spot of wings isolated ; legs entirely yellowish brevis, Coq.
49. (48) Apical spot united with a brown costal border; the four posterior tibiae
blackish . ; 3 : ; F : ; . rufus, Bezzi.
50. (43) Two yellow hypopleural spots.
51. (52) Body short as usual, with rounded abdomen; pterostigma blackish ;
terminal dark spot of wings distinct . : : ficicola, Bezzi.*
52. (51) Body slender and elongated, with more cylindrical abdomen ; wings with
pale yellowish stigma and without any distinct pattern.
asclepiadens, Sp. Nov.
Dacus fuscatus, Wiedemann, 1819.
G2 DONE, ster, G3)
A robust species of greater size, very distinct on account of lacking
all the yellow markings, except a very narrow mesopleural stripe,
and a narrow hind border of scutellum. The facial black spots are
broad and elongate, extending to the mouth border; lunula shining
black ; eyes in life not iridescent. All the bristles black ; two 1. or.,
middle scp. more or less developed. Abdominal segments partly fused
along the middle line ; third segment in the male ciliated ; ovipositor
shorter than the abdomen. Front tarsi with the four terminal joints
blackened in the male, and distinctly dilated in both sexes. Wings
(fig. 6) with the small cross-vein placed beyond middle of discoidal
cell ; last portion of fourth vein bisinuous, but parallel with the third ;
prolongation of the anal cell in the male much longer than the rest
of the anal vein. The brown costal border of the wings, when fully
developed, extends equally throughout to the fourth vein, often with a
fuscous patch into the last portion of the discoidal cell. Anal brown
stripe less intensive, sometimes faintly developed, but the dark spot
below the end of the sixth vein is always well developed in the male.
One specimen from Pretoria, 4th February 1915; numerous
specimens of both sexes from Barberton, Pretoria, and Hast London,
from January to July (H. K. Munro). The puparium of the present
species 1s opaque, whitish, with distinct segmentation.
Dacus fuscatus, var. subfuscatus, var. nov.
Differing from the type in having distinct yellow hypopleural spots ;
but it seems that this character is not regularly developed. Indeed
* Repeated here because the anal dark stripe is sometimes indistinct.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 461
there is sometimes only one spot, while in other cases the spots are
two; it seems that the yellow spots are covered with a reddish
incrustation, which is sometimes disappearing. The scutellum is,
moreover, more broadly yellow than in the typical fuscatus. Some-
times there is even a small yellow spot on the humeri.
Numerous specimens of both sexes from Pretoria, Barberton, and
East London (H. K. Munro).
Dacus brevistriga, Walker, 1861.
Closely allied to fuscatus, from which it is distinguished by the
entirely yellow humeri, by the two well-developed yellow hypopleural
spots, by the almost entirely yellow scutellum, and by the abbreviated
yellow postsutural stripe on back of mesonotum. It is distinct also
by the wing-pattern, which is very like that of Tridacus chrysomphalus,
having a yellowish costal border and the dark terminal spot not reach-
ing the fourth vein; while in fuscatus and subfuscatus this spot is
extended to that vein.
One male from Zululand, M’fongosi, December 1913 (W. Edwards) ;
some specimens of both sexes from Port Shepstone and from East
London (H. K. Munro).
Dacus marshalli, Bezzi.
(QE OTE sales, 7/,)
A very distinct species on account of the broad, rounded, fuscous
spot on wings (fig. 7), which lack the anal brown stripe.
Described from Natal in the British Museum.
Dacus bistrigulatus, Bezzi, 1908.
Distinct from all the others on account of the linear facial black
spots.
Described by me from South Africa in the work on Professor
Schulze’s travel to Kalahari. I have seen some specimens from
Uniondale, May 1906, bred from Asclepias pods, in the Agricultural
Department Collection (Ch. P. Lounsbury).
Dacus ciliatus, Loew, 1862.
Described from the Cape; although not found subsequently, it is
very probable that it is the same as the following species. I have
462 Annals of the South African Museum.
indeed seen specimens of brevistylus from South Africa in the Agri-
cultural Department Collection, determined by Coquillett as cilvatus.
Dacus brevistylus, Bezzi, 1908.
(2D QUE, stig, ),)
A very common species, which is in all probability the same as the
preceding one.
Numerous specimens from Zululand, M’fongosi, April 1916 (W. E.
Jones); from Natal, Pretoria, East London, New Hanover, Bloem-
fontein (H. K. Munro, C. B. Hardenberg); bred from melons ;
Oudtshoorn, from melons.
Dacus vertebratus, Bezzi, 1908.
(PLSXaiehiges 5)
Likewise common and widely distributed ; distinct from preceding
by its two yellow hypopleural spots.
Natal, Estcourt, 1894 (Haviland); S. Rhodesia, Salisbury, May
1917 (R. W. Tucker) ; Pretoria, Barberton, Port Shepstone, February
to July (H. K. Munro); Onambeke, Ovamboland, 8.W. Africa,
March 1923 (K. H. Barnard).
Dacus vertebratus marginalis, Bezzi, 1915.
Slightly differentiated from the preceding, but usually of larger
size.
Tzancen, Transvaal, 10th December 1918; New Hanover, June
1913 (H. K. Munro).
Dacus africanus, Adams, 1905.
Described from Rhodesia and not found subsequently ; it is prob-
ably the same as vertebratus.
Dacus ficicola, Bezzi, 1915.
(BE Xe a2)
Distinct from the three preceding forms by its much smaller size ;
in the faintly indicated brown anal stripe it is a connecting link with
the following group.
a
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 463
Zululand, M’fongosi, December 1913 (W. E. Jones); Krois River,
Uitenhage, 4th March -1921; Pretoria and Barberton, March and
-May 1913 (H. K. Munro); New Hanover, December 1914 (C. B.
Hardenberg).
The as yet undescribed female is very like the male; the ovipositor
is short, dark reddish, as long as the last abdominal segment; the
prolongation of the anal cell is only a little shorter than in the male.
Dacus rubicundus, sp. nov.
(TAL, OSU Ly iaten TIL)
Among the species with unspotted face and with non-ciliated third
abdominal segment, the present one is distinguished by its entirely
red and quite unspotted thorax, abdomen, and scutellum.
Some specimens from East London, 31st May 1923 (H. K. Munro).
$. Length of body, 55-6 mm.; of wing, 45-5 mm. Occiput
reddish, unspotted, with a yellowish border at sides below. Frons
reddish, quite unspotted, with a small black ocellar dot; it is
narrower than one eye, about twice as long as broad. Face pale
yellowish, quite unspotted ; peristomialia narrow, whitish, unspotted.
Antennae entirely reddish, distinctly longer than the face. Palpi
and proboscis yellowish. Bristles black; twoi. or. Thorax entirely
reddish, punctulate, with a short, pale pubescence on the disc; the
yellow markings are as follows: a spot on hind half of humeri; a
broad oblique mesopleural spot not reaching below the sternopleura
and ending above at notopleural line; a single hypopleural spot.
Scutellum reddish, without yellow markings ; mesophragma reddish.
All the bristles black. MHalteres whitish. Abdomen with fused
segments, punctulate, entirely reddish, without any black or yellowish
markings ; it is elongate and parallel-sided ; the third segment of male
is not ciliated; the oval patches of the last segment are rather
indistinct ; venter reddish, unspotted. Legs entirely yellowish,
unspotted. Wings (fig. 11) with last portion of fourth vein straight
at end and parallel with the third; prolongation of anal cell shorter
than the last portion of sixth vein; no distinct praeaxillary lobe.
The wings are hyaline, with blackish stigma and blackish marginal
cell, continued in a narrow blackish border, which is dilated at end
of third vein, but not spot-like, and is prolonged to middle distance
between ends of third and fourth vein. Submarginal cell hyaline to
the. extreme base; no anal stripe, the anal cell being only a little
yellowish ; no distinct grey spot below end of sixth vein.
464 Annals of the South African Museum.
Dacus woodi xanthopus, var. nov.
This new variety is entirely as the typical woodi, Bezzi, from Nyasa-
land, but differs in having always the submarginal cell only slightly
infuscated at the extreme base (while in woodi the same cell is in-
tensively infuscated to beyond the small cross-vein). Moreover, it is
constantly a little smaller, measuring 4:5-5-5 mm. in length. The
frons has a narrow dark band towards the middle. The legs are
pale yellowish.
Type 2 from Zululand,-M’fongosi, May 1916 (W. E. Jones) ; Port
Shepstone, July 1917 (H. K. Munro); New Hanover, December
1914 (C. B. Hardenberg).
Dacus purpurifrons, sp. nov.
A pretty species of small size, all black and with entirely black
legs, characterised by the striking contrast between the purplish
frons and the white unspotted face.
Some specimens of both sexes from Barberton, May 1913 (H. K.
Munro); one female from Pretoria seems also to belong here, but
shows the black terminal spot of the wings quite isolated.
$2. Length of body, 45-5 mm.; of wing, 44-5 mm. Body
mainly opaque, black, punctulate. Occiput entirely black, rather
shining, with a narrow yellow border, which is less developed above,
and with an indistinct dark reddish spot beneath the vertex.
Frons narrow, in both sexes of a purplish colour, chiefly on anterior
half, and more intensively in the male; a small black ocellar dot
and some orbital black dots; lunula shining reddish. Bristles black ;
two i. or. Face shining white, unspotted, silvery in certain lights ;
the narrow parafacialia and peristomialia are reddish, the latter
with a dark spot. Antennae rather short, reddish, with the third
joint infuscated, more than twice as long as the second, which is
only a little longer than the first. Palpi broad, bare, pale yellow-
ish; proboscis brownish. Thorax entirely black, opaque on the
back, rather shining above the neck and on the pleurae; pubescence
very short, whitish. Humeri entirely yellow; a rather broad meso-
pleural yellow stripe, prolonged triangularly above along the trans-
verse suture to the middle of back, but below not extended on the
sternopleura ; two contiguous yellow hypopleural spots. Scutellum
yellow, with narrow black base; postscutellum and mesophragma
entirely black. All the bristles black. Halteres whitish. Abdomen
elongate, not very convex, entirely black, punctulate, and pubescent
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 465
like the back of mesonotum, but the pubescence is longer, chiefly
towards the sides. Second segment with a narrow yellowish hind
border; third segment not ciliated; fifth segment dark reddish on
hind half, with the anal patches darkened. The segments are fused
along the middle. Venter reddish, with black terminal sternites ;
male genitalia reddish; ovipositor very short, only one-half the
length of last segment, very little prominent, reddish brown, whitish
pubescent. Coxae brownish; femora shining black, with yellowish
base and with reddish-brown end; tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish, the
latter with the four terminal joints reddish ; in the female specimen
from Pretoria even all the tibiae are black. Wings hyaline; small
cross-vein placed a little beyond the middle of the discoidal cell ;
last portion of fourth vein straight and parallel with the third. Veins
dark reddish. The pattern is formed only by the blackish stigma and
by the infuscation of the marginal cell, from which a very narrow
black costal. border extends to the apical spot, which is prolonged
only a little below the end of third vein. There is no trace of anal
brown stripe; and in the male there is no trace of fuscous spot below
the end of sixth vein; the infuscation just above the second basal
cell is distinct.
Dacus binotatus, Loew, 1862.
(Pl. XII, fig. 14.)
A black species, distinguished among those with unspotted face by
its two hypopleural yellow spots. The frons is broader than in the
other species of this group, being one and one-half times longer than
broad. The third abdominal segment of male is ciliated. The ovi-
positor is short, reddish brown, not longer than the last abdominal
segment. The wings (fig. 14) show no trace of anal brown stripe,
but the male has the fuscous spot below the end of sixth vein, as
recorded by Loew in its original description.
Numerous specimens oi both sexes from Pretoria, Barberton, East
London, Port Shepstone, Arnoldston, Bloemfontein, from March
to July (H. K. Munro). A few of the specimens (2 per cent.) show one
black spot, always on left side of the face.
Dacus immaculatus, Coquillett, 1901.
Nearly allied with the preceding species, but distinct by being
much paler in colour and in having much more lighter legs. The
back of mesonotum has only a black middle stripe, which is
ol
466 Annals of the South African Museum.
broadened behind ; the abdomen is entirely red, except for some black
spots on the second segment; the black basal part of scutellum is
broader ; the pterostigma is more reddish.
Pretoria, East London, and Stellenbosch (H. K. Munro) ; bred from
the Cucurbitaceous plant Coccinea quinqueloba.
Dacus apoxanthus, sp. nov.
(PE Xa aie 2105)
Near bigemmatus, but distinct from it as well from the allied species
by the red humeri and scutellum, and by the complete lack of
yellow hypopleural spots.
Some specimens of both sexes from East London, Ist to 10th—
June 1923 (H. K. Munro).
S2. Length of body, 5-5-6 mm.; of wing, 45-5 mm. Occiput
entirely shining reddish, unspotted, with a very narrow yellowish
border at lower part in the male only. Frons shining reddish, un-
spotted, with a small black ocellar dot; it is as broad as one eye,
being only 14 longer than broad. Face pale reddish, with two black
rounded spots below, near the mouth border; peristomialia reddish,
unspotted. Antennae light reddish, distinctly longer than the
face. Palpi and proboscis reddish; bristles black; twoi.or. Thorax
entirely reddish, punctulate, with a faint pale dust on the back and
three very indistinct dark longitudinal lines; there are no yellow
markings at all, except a very narrow band at hind border of
mesopleura, present only in the male; even the scutellum is entirely
reddish. Bristles black. Halteres whitish. Abdomen distinctly oval,
with fused segments, reddish, punctulate, with two small black spots
on third segment and with two larger ones on fourth segment,
and, moreover, with a black middle stripe on last segment, which
has the oval patches indistinct; third segment of male not
ciliated ; venter unspotted; ovipositor reddish, shorter than the
last abdominal segment. Legs reddish, with whitish hind praetarsi.
Wings (fig. 10) with the last portion of fourth vein straight and
parallel with the third; prolongation of anal cell as long as the last
portion of sixth vein in the male, shorter in the female; no
distinct praeaxillary lobe. The wings are hyaline, with yellowish
stigma and with an isolated, rather broad, fuscous spot at end
of third vein, triangular in shape; there is no anal brown stripe,
and no grey spot below end of sixth vein in the male; anal cell
quite hyaline.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. . 467
Dacus apoxanthus decolor, var. nov.
Answering to the typical form in having no yellow markings on
thorax or scutellum ; but differs in the complete want of the black
paired spots of abdomen, only one of the specimens showing a faint
trace of the two spots of the second segment ; even the black middle
stripe at end of last. segment is wanting ; the ovipositor is sometimes
black below at base. All the legs are very pale yellowish, almost
whitish. The terminal spot of the wings, at end of third vein, is very
pale and, moreover, is narrower than in the type, being more like a
border than a spot; the stigma is pale yellowish.
Two female specimens in Agricultural Department Collection from
Grahamstown, 18th April 1904, bred from tomatoes (C. W. Mally).
The puparium is white, shining, very thin, almost transparent.
Dacus oleae, Gmelin, 1788.
I have seen authentic South African specimens of this Mediter-
ranean species.
Dacus bigemmatus, sp. nov.
Ga NE avers 1153)
A quite reddish species, distinct by the peculiar coloration of the
scutellum.
Type 3, a single specimen from Zululand, M’fongosi, May 1916
(W. E. Jones).
3S. Length of body, 5-5 mm.; of wing, 4:55 mm. Head entirely
reddish ; occiput rather shining, quite unspotted, without distinct
yellow border. Frons 1$ longer than broad, quite unspotted, rather
shining, distinctly yellowish on anterior half; lunula shining reddish.
Face shining reddish yellow, with two rounded black spots of small
size near the mouth border; no distinct subocular spot. Antennae
entirely reddish, the third joint twice as long as the second. Palpi
and proboscis yellowish. Bristles black; twoi. or. Thorax entirely
reddish, without any dark markings; on the back it is punctulate,
with very short whitish pubescence and with a broad stripe of whitish
dust, divided in the middle by a bare line. Humeri yellow, with
the front corner reddish; mesopleural stripe narrow, continued
above on the notopleural callosity, and below with a small spot on
upper border of sternopleura; a single small, rounded, hypopleural
spot. Scutellum reddish like back of mesonotum, with a yellow
rounded spot on each side, extended between the bristles at the base.
468 Annals of the South African Museum.
Mesophragma reddish. All the bristles black ; middle sep. as strong
as the lateral ones. Halteres whitish. Abdomen elongate, not very
convex, punctulate and coloured like back of mesonotum, with the
whitish pubescence a little longer on the sides; the fourth segment
has a black rounded spot on each side, and the fifth has a middle black
stripe, which does not reach the base or the apex of the segment.
The segments are fused along the middle; the third segment is not
ciliated ; the last segment has no distinct oval patches ; venter and
genitalia reddish. Legs entirely pale reddish, unspotted, with the
basal joints of tarsi paler. Wings (fig. 13) hyaline, with pale veins ;
small cross-vein beyond middle of discoidal cell; last portion of
fourth vein straight and parallel with the third; prolongation of
anal cell shorter than the rest of sixth vein. Stigma yellowish ;
marginal cell pale yellowish ; a fuscous triangular spot at end of third
vein. No anal brown stripe, and no trace of fuscous spot below
the end of sixth vein; even the usual infuscation just above the
second basal cell is not distinct.
Dacus brevis, Coquillett, 1901.
A species with spotted face, with a single yellow hypopleural spot,
and with the wings with black stigma and with isolated terminal
spot ; itis very like binotatus.
One specimen from Patentie, 24th August 1921; Port Shepstone
and East London (H. K. Munro).
Dacus rufus, Bezzi, 1915.
Near the preceding species, but distinct by the presence of a dark
costal border on the wings.
Some specimens of both sexes, Port Shepstone and East London,
August (H. K. Munro). The as yet undescribed male is like the
female; the third abdominal segment is ciliated; the prolongation
of anal cell is much longer than the rest of the anal vein, and there
is a broad fuscous spot below the end of sixth vein.
Dacus asclepiadens, sp. nov.
An elongated species like longistylus, distinct by lacking the yellow
postsutural spot on back of mesonotum and by the want of any
wing-pattern ; from sexmaculatus, Walker, it differs in having six (not
two) black spots on abdomen.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 469
Two female specimens in Agricultural Department Collection from
Uniondale, May 1906, bred from Asclepias pods (C. P. Lounsbury).
9. Length of body and wings about 7 mm. ; of ovipositor, 2 mm.
Head entirely reddish, grey dusted on the occiput ; facial black spots
broad and rounded; antennae entirely reddish; frons not spotted,
with only a dark praeocellar spot on each side and with a dark ocellar
dot; palpi and proboscis reddish; all the bristles black. Thorax
reddish on back, with a blackish middle stripe, which is interrupted
at suture and is dilated before the scutellum, but without yellow spots
on middle. Humeri reddish; praesutural calli yellowish, preceded
by a black narrow band in front of the transverse suture. Pleurae
black, with the anterior part reddish ; a narrow yellow mesopleural
stripe, connected with a small spot on upper border of sternopleura ;
two small and contiguous yellow hypopleural spots ; mesophragma
black. Scutellum yellow, with the basal part reddish. MHalteres
whitish. Abdomen shaped nearly as in longistylus, with partly fused
sutures; it is reddish yellow, with short whitish pubescence. The
first segment is black ; the second is reddish, a little yellowish at hind
border, with indistinct dark spots at sides; third and fourth segment
each with a broad black spot on each side; fifth segment with a
smaller black spot on each side; moreover, the three last segments
“have a blackish longitudinal stripe along the middle. Venter
yellowish ; ovipositor shining reddish, greatly swollen at base, as
long as the three last abdominal segments together ; oval patches of
the fifth abdominal segment less distinct. Legs entirely yellowish,
unspotted, only the tarsi being a little darkened at end. Wings
hyaline, with yellowish veins; last portion of fourth vein only a
little curved at base and at end. Stigma pale yellowish. There is
no trace of dark costal border or of dark terminal spot, the third
vein being only a little darkened at sides near the end; the marginal
and submarginal cells seem to be a little darker than the rest of
wing. The anal cell is a little yellowish, but there is no trace of dark
anal stripe.
AFRODACUS, gen. nov.
I have to erect here this new genus for the following species, formerly
placed by me in the genus Chaetodacus, Bezzi.
The genus Afrodacus agrees with Chaetodacus in having well-
developed prsc., and in having a distinct praeaxillary lobe in the wings
of the male ; these two characters are wanting in all African species
of Tridacus or of Dacus. But it differs from the true Chaetodacus in
470 Annals of the South African Museum.
lacking the a. sa., all the numerous species of this latter genus being
Oriental, it seems useful to separate this single Ethiopian species
under a different generic name.
Afrodacus biguttulus, Bezzi.
Boll. Labor. Zool. Portici, 1922, xv, p. 294 (Chaetodacus).
(BI Xai fies 155)
A small fly of modest appearance, showing a deceptive resemblance
to Dacus oleae, from which, however, it is at once distinguished
beside the presence of prsc. by the peculiar coloration of the scu-
tellum and by the different wing-pattern (fig. 15).
Numerous specimens of both sexes from East London (H. K.
Munro) and Pretoria (Ch. P. Lounsbury), bred from fruits of Olea
woodiana and Olea laurifolia.
SUBFAMILY ADRAMINAE.
Only three genera of this subfamily are at present known from the
Ethiopian fauna, viz. Meracanthomyia, Hendel, and Sosiopsia,
Bezzi, which have both a plumose arista, and Munromyia, Bezzi, in
which the arista is quite bare. Only this last genus is found in South
Africa.
MunromytiaA, Bezzi.
Boll. Labor. Zool. Portici, 1922, xv, p. 297.
The main characters of this genus are the elongate antennae with
bare arista, the presence of three i. or., the interrupted thoracic
suture, the presence of the a. sa. and of four sct., the femora spinose
beneath, and the cylindrical form of body.
Only the following very characteristic species is at present known.
Munromyia nudiseta, Bezzi.
Boll. Labor. Zool. Portici, 1922, xv, p. 299.
(Pl xls. 63)
A strikingly coloured species with a peculiar wing-pattern (fig. 16).
Numerous specimens of both sexes from Kingwilliamstown, bred
from fruits of Olea foveolata (H. K. Munro).
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 471
SuBFAMILY CHRATITINAE.
Among the numerous genera of this subfamily the large tropical
forms transitional to the preceding subfamily are almost entirely
wanting in South Africa; only the genus Coelopacidia is indeed to
be found in Natal. Very numerous are the forms to be grouped near
the old genus Ceratitis, and includes several very striking types.
Numerous also are the species to be associated with the old genera
Acidia and Aciwra, comprising some very peculiar genera.
The genera found in South Africa may be distinguished as
follows :—
1. (2) Only two or three ocp., inserted on the upper part of occipital border ;
prst., de., and st. eee third longitudinal vein bristly ; face very
concave . Q ; Coelopacidia, Ender).
2. (1) Ocp. more numerous aed forrihe * a complete row; prst., de., and st.
present, or at least not all wanting at the same time; face usually
flat or even convex.
3. (28) Third longitudinal vein bristly throughout its whole length, or at least
from the base to the small cross-vein; ocp. typically black; arista
very often pilose or even plumose; scp. well developed ; lower angle
of anal cell usually drawn out in a rather long point.
4. (17) De. placed on or only a little behind the line of the a. sa., more distant
from the scutellum than from the transverse suture.
5. (8) Hind cross-vein placed obliquely outwardly, that is, with its upper end
more distant from the base of wing than the lower.
6. (7) Body prevalently black, with yellow or white markings; wings with
broad blackish oblique bands. : Carpophthoromyia, Austen.
7. (6) Body prevalently yellowish ; One with yellowish, partly infuscated,
cross-bands : é i A Leucotaeniella, Bezzi.
8. (5) Hind cross-vein inwardly Buliane! its lower end being more remote from
the wing-base than the upper.
9. (16) Body prevalently reddish or yellowish, often black spotted ; wings with
yellowish cross-bands, that passing over the hind cross-vein not united
with the others.
10. (11) Frons of the male with conspicuous spathulate appendages ; arista with
short pubescence : : ; 6 . Ceratitis, McLeay.
11. (10) Frons of male without such i epondacest arista with longer pubescence
or even with short plumosity.
12. (13) Middle legs of male broadly feathered, at least on the tibiae
Pterandrus, Bezzi.
13. (12) Middle legs of male simple.
14. (15) Scutellum rounded, without distinct lateral keels, black spotted; body
yellowish, black spotted . ; : . Pardalaspis, Bezzi.
15. (14) Scutellum flat, with distinct lateral really not spotted; body shining
black or shiny red, not black spotted . : . Pertlampsis, Bezzi.
Annals of the South African Museum.
16. (9) Body shining black, not black spotted; wings with blackish bands
radiating from the base, that of hind cross-vein united with the basal
one : . Trirhithrum, Bezzi.
17. (4) De. placed neh behind the tint of a. sa., and thus nearer the scutellum
than to the transverse suture.
18. (19) Second longitudinal vein distinctly wavy ; scutellum with three pairs of
bristles ; arista with long plumosity ; head of male much dilated
Themarictera, Hend.
19. (18) Second longitudinal vein straight; scutellum with only two pairs of
bristles.
20. (21) No prst. and no oe. : ; 5 Rhacochlaena, Loew.
21. (20) Prst. always present; oc. qeualiy present even if little developed.
22. (25) Small cross-vein near or before the middle of the discoidal cell.
. (24) De. much behind the line of a. sa.; oc. long and strong ; wings broadened
after the middle, with very short second posterior cell.
Taomyia, Bezzi.
. (23) De. near the line; oc. short and little developed; wings and second
posterior cell of fgel shape ‘ : . Phorellia, R.-D.
. (22) Small cross-vein beyond middle of discal calle de. much behind the line ;
wings narrow and long; oc. thin or even ene
. (27) Two strong mpl.; three i. or.; antennae shorter than the face, with
bare arista 5 : 6 c Afrocneros, gen. Nov.
. (26) Only one mpl. and only ee) i. or. ; antennae as long as the face, with
pubescent arista s : : Ocnerioxa, Speis., p. p.
(8) Third longitudinal vein quite bare or with a few bristles only near the
base ; ocp. often whitish ; arista usually bare or shortly pubescent.
. (386) De. much behind the line of the a. sa. ; ocp. always black.
. (31) Wings narrow and long, with parallel sides, with elongate stigma and with
the lower point of the anal cell a little longer than the second
basal cell : : j ‘ Ocnerioxa, Speis., p. p.
. (80) Wings of usual shape, with store stigma and with shorter point of
anal cell.
. (33) Wings with the first vein very short and with the hind cross-vein placed
near the middle of wing ; frons narrow, much longer than broad
Xanthanomoea, gen. nov.
. (32) First vein normal and hind cross-vein much beyond middle of wing ;
frons broad.
. (35) No prst ; ocp. only afew; small cross-vein near middle of discal cell
Coelotrypes, gen. NOV.
. (34) Prst. present ; ocp. complete ; small cross-vein beyond middle
Hermannloewia, gen. nov.
. (29) De. before or on the line of a. sa., or only a little behind.
. (42) Anal cell quite rounded outwardly, its lower angle being neither acute nor
produced ; ocp. entirely or prevalently black.
. (41) Wings of normal shape ; ocp. entirely black.
. (40) Head broader than the thorax, with a very broad frons; antennae
longer than the face. 5 5 . Zacerata, Coquill.
. (39) Head narrower than the thorax ; nitennae shorter than face
Urophora, R.-D.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 473
41. (38) Wings narrow and long, with parallel sides; some whitish and thick
bristles near the black ocp. . : : : Elaphromyia, Bigot.
42. (37) Anal cell with the lower angle acute and more or less produced into a
short point.
43. (50) Body mostly yellowish or reddish, with or without black spots.
44, (45) Only one i. or., which is, moreover, very strong and curved behind ; ocp.
black 0 ; 6 . Allotrypes, Bezzi.
45, (44) Two or three i. or., which are ie ena Cueva inwardly ; ocp. whitish.
46. (47) No oc. ; fourth vein curved below before the small cross-vein, which is
placed near middle of discal cell 0 . Rivelliomima, gen. nov.
47. (46) Oc. well developed ; fourth vein quite straight ; small cross-vein beyond
middle of discal cell.
48. (49) Eyes narrow, higher than broad; de. on the line of a. sa.; wings with
yellowish longitudinal rays 6 ? : Craspedoxantha, Bezzi.
49. (48) Eyes rounded; dc. before the line ; ak with brown bands or quite
hyaline. : Terellia, R.-D.
50. (43) Body quite blacks: chose and sontellum never black spotted.
51. (54) Small cross-vein very near the hind one and often placed on the same line
with it ; proboscis long and geniculate.
52. (53) Mouth border very prominent; ocp. whitish; scutellum very convex,
with four bristles ? , : . Rhynchoedaspis, gen. nov.
53. (52) Mouth border less nrominsagl oep. black; scutellum flat above, with
two bristles only : : A : Munroella, gen. nov.
54. (51) Small cross-vein at a ponuidera ble: distance from the hind one; mouth
border not or little prominent ; proboscis simple.
55. (58) Back of mesonotum more or less shining black; scutellum short, very
often with two bristles only.
56. (57) Species of greater size, with a very constant wing-pattern, consisting of
two hyaline indentations of fore border and three of the hind border
Aciura, R.-D.
57. (56) Smaller species, with a different wing-pattern . Spheniscomyia, Bezzi.
58. (55) Thorax densely clothed with greyish pollen on the back; scutellum as
long as broad, usually with four bristles ; F Tephrella, Bezzi.
CoELopPaAcipiIA, Enderlein, 1911.
Of this genus, as defined by me in Bull. entom. Res., 1920, x,
p. 217, there are two species in tropical Africa, one of which is found
in Natal.
Coelopacidia strigata, Bezzi, 1920.
(Pl. XII, fig. 17.)
A couple of specimens from East London, May 1923 (H. K. Munro).
They are of a somewhat greater size than the type from Nyasaland ;
there is a white stripe below the notopleural suture, less distinct
in the type; the front femora have sometimes two bristles at end ;
the hind cross-vein is rather broadly infuscated, chiefly below (fig. 17).
474 Annals of the South African Museum.
CARPOPHTHOROMYIA, Austen, 1910.
This genus, as restricted by me, includes two South African species,
which are distinguishable as follows :—
1. (2) Scutellum with only the tip brown; no yellow hypopleural spots; meso-
pleural stripe oblique ; femora blackish . : c . vittata, abr.
2. (1) Scutellum with the apical half brown ; two yellow hypopleural spots ; meso-
pleural stripe horizontal ; femora reddish é . dimidiata, sp. nov.
Carpophthoromyia vitiata, Fabricius, 1794.
Originally described from Guinea, but recorded also from Natal; I
have never seen authentic specimens from South Africa.
Carpophthoromyva dimidivata, sp. nov.
(Je CUE aig, JG),
A pretty fly near vittata, but at once distinguished by the presence
of well-developed, whitish, hypopleural spots like those of amoena,
Enderl., from which it is distinguishable by the much broader
terminal brown spot of the scutellum.
Type 9, a single specimen from Natal, Durban, July 1921 (R. M.
Lightfoot).
2. Length of body and wing, 6 mm.; of ovipositor, 1-4mm. Head
as broad as the thorax. Occiput dark brown, with a broad whitish
border, which is dilated below and extended on the anterior part of the
little prominent lower swellings. Frons 14 times longer than broad,
reddish brown on the basal half, whitish on the apical half, with a
reddish transverse band at root of antennae; it is opaque, only the
narrow vertical plates being shining. Face flat, whitish, opaque, with
a dark spot just below the root of antennae; peristomialia narrow,
margined with strong, short, dense, black bristles and destitute of dark
subocular spot; parafacialia linear. Antennae a little shorter than
the face, entirely reddish; second joint short, little prominent and not
spinulose above ; third joint about three times as long as the second,
attenuated towards the end, but not acute; arista with plumosity of
medium length. Palpi and proboscis dark brown. Bristles black ;
pvt. thin and parallel; inner vt. twice as long as the outer ones ;
ocp. black; oc. well developed; three strong i. or.; genal bristle
strong. Thorax on the back entirely reddish brown, shining, with dark
pubescence, but with a curved transverse band of whitish pubescence
in front of the suture ; humeral calli whitish ; pleurae reddish brown,
with a whitish narrow horizontal stripe extended from the humeri to
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 475
the root of the wings, but not dilated behind, as is the case in vittata ;
two contiguous whitish hypopleural spots. Scutellum whitish, with
the hind half reddish brown, the brown part extending to midway
between b. and a. sct. Mesophragma shining reddish. Halteres with
blackish knob. Bristles black and strong; de. placed on the line of
the posterior npl.; two mpl. Abdomen broad, but distinctly narrowed
at base; it is shining black, with some segments margined with
reddish at hind border, the second more broadly, the third very
narrowly, and the fourth and the fifth rather broadly; hairs and
bristles black ; ovipositor shining black; venter reddish. Legs with
reddish femora and whitish tibiae and tarsi; bristles and hairs black.
Wing-veins disposed as in vittata. Wing-pattern (fig. 19) as in Loew’s
figure of vittata, and thus differing from that of amoena in having
the hyaline band interrupted at the bend.
LEUCOTAENIELLA, Bezzi, 1918.
Only the following species is known from South Africa :—
Leucotaeniella grata, Wiedemann, 1830.
(Pl. XII, fig. 18.)
One female from Zululand, M’fongosi, February 1917 (W. E. Jones) ;
another female from Natal, New Hanover, 29th November 1914
(C. B. Hardenberg).
To Loew’s description may be added: Occiput yellowish above,
whitish below, infuscated in the middle above the neck. Frons about
as broad as long, convex and rather prominent on the anterior half,
unspotted. Antennae only a little longer than the middle of the face.
Cephalic bristles black; pvt. parallel; inner vt. twice as long as the
outer ones ; ocp. five to six only and rather long; oc. strong; three
strongi. or.; genal bristlestrong. Thoracic bristles black; dc. on the
line of the a. sa.; scp. well developed, the middle ones approxi-
mated; two mpl. Ovipositor shining reddish, with black tip (in
Loew’s description it is said to be quite black). Hind cross-vein
straight and almost perpendicular (fig. 18).
CreRATITIS, Macleay, 1829.
Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann, 1824.
Some specimens from Stellenbosch, March 1895 (L. Peringuey) ;
Uitenhage, 12th October 1922, bred from Strychnos atherstone:? ;
Pretoria, 28th February 1913 (H. K. Munro).
476 Annals of the South African Museum.
PTERANDRUS, Bezzi, 1918.
The species of the present genus, very easily recognised in the male
sex, are as follows :—
1. (6) Wings destitute of oblique dark band across last section of fourth vein ;
femora not feathered.
. (3) Arista with very short rises back of mesonotum with deep black
spots at sides. : . podocarpi, sp. Nov.
(2) Arista with rather long Blames ; baok eathent such lateral spots.
(5) Abdomen destitute of distinct black bands. : : . rosa, Karsch.
(4) Abdomen with distinct black bands . : . fasciventris, Bezzi.
(1) Wings with a distinct oblique dark streak across aH middle of last section
of fourth vein.
. (8) Frontal bristles normal and black; ocp. black; legs in part black and
with black feathering on tibiae ; : . rubivorus, Coquill.
8. (7) Frons with the s. or. thickened and pellowene ocp. pale yellowish ; legs
entirely yellowish, with yellowish feathered foniom and simple tibiae
bo
co |
cornutus, Sp. Nov.
Pterandrus podocarpi, sp. nov.
(Pl. XII, fig. 22.)
In the feathering of the legs of male this is like rosa, but it is dis-
tinguished from all other known species in the very shortly pubes-
cent arista and in the black spots at sides of back of mesonotum.
Two female specimens from Uitenhage, 26th October 1922,
bred from fruits of the indigenous conifer, Podocarpus elongata
(D. Garm) ; numerous specimens of both sexes from East London
(H. K. Munro).
32. Length of body and wing, 4:5 mm.; of ovipositor, 1 mm.
Occiput yellowish, shining above, whitish below. Frons twice as long
as broad, opaque, pale yellowish, with a black ocellar dot. Face
whitish; peristomialia yellowish, unspotted. Antennae entirely
yellowish, shorter than the face; second joint not prominent, never
spinulose above; third joint three times as long as the second,
rounded at end, pubescent; arista with very short pubescence, as
in Ceratitis capitata. All the cephalic bristles black and normal ; oc.
strong; twol.or.; genal bristlestrong. Palpi and proboscis yellowish.
Back of mesonotum opaque, grey in the middle, with three narrow
blackish stripes, a rounded sutural spot on each side, and a black
praesutural patch on each side, margined with yellowish behind; on
the sides it is shining black, with three broad deep black spots above
the notopleural line, one praesutural. Humeri white, with a black
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 477
spot above. Pleurae dark yellowish, with a broad white stripe at
upper border of mesopleura; two white hypopleural spots. Post-
scutellum shining black. Mesophragma white dusted. Scutellum with
three broad shining black spots, which are separated by narrow yellow
lines. Pubescence on back of mesonotum pale yellowish, on pleurae
longer and whiter. Bristles black; dc. on the line of a. sa.; one
mpl.; four sct. Calypters white. Halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen
dark yellowish, with whitish pubescence and with black bristles ;
second segment with a narrow black hind border, but not in the
shape of a definite band; first, third, and fourth segments with a broad
complete white band at hind border; ovipositor shining yellowish,
narrowly black at the extreme tip, as long as the three last abdominal
segments together; venter entirely yellowish, unspotted. Legs
entirely yellowish, with black bristles and hairs, and with the femora
more or less infuscated, but irregularly ; front femora of male with
moderate ciliation, the other femora not feathered ; middle tibiae
with the apical half black and broad, broadly feathered on both sides
by black feathers ; middle tarsi entirely black. Wings (fig. 22) with
a strong costal bristle and with normal venation. The dark basal
spots and streaks are blackish ; stigma blackish, with the distal third
hyaline. Basal band complete, yellowish within the discoidal cell,
black in the rest. Marginal band isolated, yellowish, blackened at
end, with the usual marginal black dots, disposed in two regular pairs.
Cubital band entirely fuscous and isolated; no middle band, but
sometimes a faint trace of a dark stripe across the last section of the
fourth vein.
Pterandrus rosa, Karsch, 1887.
Some specimens of both sexes from Transvaal, Prospect (H. K.
Munro).
Pterandrus rosa fasciventris, Bezzi, 1920.
Numerous specimens from Stellenbosch (R. M. Lightfoot); Natal,
Durban (H. W. Bell-Marley); Pretoria, from guavas; Pretoria,
Port Shepstone, and Prospect (H. K. Munro).
Pterandrus rubivorus, Coquillett, 1901.
(PIRXUeie 203)
Some specimens of both sexes from Transvaal, Prospect (H. K
Munro).
478 Annals of the South African Museum.
Pterandrus cornutus, sp. nov.
(all, SCUIL, ites, PAILS)
Near rubivorus, but very distinct by the thickened frontal bristles
and by the simple tibiae, only the femora having narrow yellowish
feathers nedr the end ; the yellow ocp. are very aberrant.
Type 6, a single specimen from Natal, Durban, 19th January 1915
(H. W. Bell-Marley).
$. Length of body and wing, 45mm. Head entirely white, only
the occiput being yellowish and rather shining on its upper part.
Frons opaque, unspotted, lke the face and the peristomialia.
Antennae pale yellowish, shorter than the face; third joint rounded
at end; arista shortly plumose, the plumosity not broader than the
third joint. Palpi and proboscis yellowish. Ocp. pale yellowish,
but thin and acute; outer vt. yellowish; inner vt. black, very long,
as long as the vertical diameter of head; pvt. yellowish; the s. or.
are reddish and thickened, chiefly those of anterior pair, which are
only a little shorter than the interior vt.; two i. or. thin and pale
yellowish ; oc. very strong and reddish, like the s. or.; genal bristle
thin and yellowish; the hairs of the lower part of occiput are white.
Back of mesonotum dark reddish, grey dusted with pale yellowish
pubescence, and adorned with black spots. Humeri whitish, with a
black central spot ; the sides of back, above the notopleural line, are
shining black above and deep black below, interrupted by a narrow
yellow stripe at suture; the back has three dark stripes before the
suture and two pairs of black spots behind the suture, those of the last
pair being more broad, more shining, and with a yellow spot in front of
the scutellum. Pleurae yellowish, clothed with yellowish hairs, with a
whitish line above at upper border of mesopleura, and with a second
one parallel with the first on middle of mesopleura; one broad,
whitish hypopleural spot. Scutellum convex, shining yellowish, with
three very broad and partly confluent black spots at hind border and,
moreover, with two black spots at base; 1t may be called shining black,
with yellowish base and with two narrow yellowish stripes from the
base to the a. sct. All the bristles black; dc. on the line of the
a. sa.; one mpl.; four sct.; scp. yellowish. Postscutellum shining
black. Mesophragma whitish dusted. Halteres yellowish. Abdomen
shining reddish, with yellowish pubescence and with black bristles
at end; hind border of first and third segments with whitish dust,
forming two bands; genitalia shining reddish; venter grey dusted
South African Trypaneid Duptera. 479
and white banded. Legs entirely pale yellowish, quite unspotted ;
bristles and hairs yellowish, even those of front femora and the
feathers of the four posterior femora, only the terminal spur of middle
tibiae being black. Ciliation of front femora rather long and dense ;
middle and hind femora a little feathered at the extreme end, the
feathers being less striking because they are yellowish, like the hairs ;
tibiae not at all feathered. Wings (fig. 21) broad, with yellowish
pattern, and with some dark spots and streaks at base; stigma
dark yellowish, with hyaline end; costal bristle small and black.
Marginal band separated from the basal one. Cubital band not
united with the basal one. Fuscous streak on last portion of fourth
vein well developed. Marginal band with four black dots, two of
which are near the costa and two on the third vein. Axillary cell
broadly yellowish in the middle. Small cross-vein on the middle
of the discoidal cell.
PARDALASPIS, Bezzi, 1918.
Of this characteristic Ethiopian genus there are rather numerous
species in South Africa; they are as follows :—
(12) Wings without complete middle band and with isolated cubital band.
(5) Scutellum entirely black, with a narrow yellow base ; black parts of back
of mesonotum more developed than the yellow ones.
3. (4) Pvt. black; occiput above, with broad shining black spots; marginal
Ro
band of wings united with the basal one. . melanaspis, Bezzi.
4, (3) Pvt. white; occiput only slightly infuscated above; marginal band
separated from the basal one. . : . asparagi, sp. nov.
5. (2) Scutellum yellow, with some black spots ; yellow parts of back as a rule
more developed than the black ones.
6. (7) Dark species, with shining black sternopleura and with fuscous wing-
bands ; front legs of male with a striking white and black pattern
pedestris, Sp. NOV.
7. (6) Paler species, with reddish or yellowish sternopleura and with pale
bands on wings; front legs of male without such a pattern.
8. (9) Black spots of scutellum very broad, subquadrate, and closely approxi-
mated together ‘ : . cosyra, Walk.
9. (8) Black spots of scutellum uel araailer ead Broadly separated.
10. (11) Scutellum with three black spots; wings with the marginal band
separated : : : flexuosa, Walk.
11. (10) Scutellum with five spots ; pein Tyo ated with the basal one
quinaria, Bezzi.
12. (1) Wings with a complete middle band and with the cubital band united
with the marginal one . 6 : : : . aliena, Bezzi.
480 Annals of the South African Museum.
Pardalaspis melanaspis, Bezzi, 1920.
(RIRSXanE Tiers)
Originally described from Grahamstown, I have seen very
numerous specimens from East London, December 1922, bred from
fruits of Maerna pendulosa (H. K. Munro).
Pardalaspis asparagt, sp. nov.
(Pl. XII, fig. 26.)
Near the preceding and likewise with entirely black scutellum, but
at once distinguished by the separated marginal band of the wings.
One female specimen from East London, December 1922, bred from
maggot in red asparagus berry (H. K. Munro).
2. Length of body and wing, 4mm. Head as in melanaspis, but
with distinctly narrower peristomialia. Occiput without shining
black spots above, oaly a little infuscated. Frons without abbreviated
black stripe at ocellar spot; pvt. and another pair of bristles near
them white, but the oc. black. Back of mesonotum with shining
black pattern of similar shape and extent, but without the white
markings of melanaspis, and, moreover, with the light parts more
greyish than yellowish. St. black; scp. white, not black; pleurae
without distinct white band above. Scutellum shining black, with
yellowish base; postscutellum shining black. Mesophragma clothed
with dense white dust. MHalteres yellowish. Abdomen, ovipositor,
and legs as in melanaspis. Wings (fig. 26) as in melanaspis, but with
a few additional dark streaks and spots at base; the marginal band
is quite isolated, being separated by a rather broad hyaline space
just beyond the stigma (but, notwithstanding, the species is almost
certainly a Pardalaspis and not a Pterandrus). Stigma with the
distal third quite hyaline, while in melanaspis it is yellow to the end,
though more intensively in the basal part.
Pardalaspis pedestris, sp. nov.
(Pl. XII, fig. 24.)
Distinct from all the other species by the shining black sterno-
pleura, and in the male sex by the striking coloration of the front legs.
Some specimens of both sexes from Natal, Durban, 25th April
1921, and from Transvaal, Pretoria, June-July 1917 (H. K. Munro).
$2. Length of body and wing, 4-5-5 mm.; of ovipositor, 1-2 mm.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 48]
Occiput yellowish, more whitish below, rather shining and reddish
above, with a dark spot on each side below the reddish postvertical
spot. Frons parallel-sided, yellowish, opaque, with a black ocellar
spot ; in the male it is unspotted, in the female it is reddish at vertex
and near the root of antennae, irregularly dark spotted in the middle ;
sometimes even in the male there is a dark spot between the antennae
and the eyes. Face creamy white in both sexes. Parafacialia and
peristomialia whitish, the latter with a more or less distinct brown
spot below. Antennae entirely reddish yellow, a little longer than
the middle of face, more reddish in the female and paler in the
male; third joint rounded at end; arista shortly pilose, the pilosity
being shorter than the third joint. Palpi whitish. Proboscis
yellowish. All the cephalic bristles black; two1i. or. Back of meso-
notum black, broadly greyish in the middle, shining at sides. Humeri
shining black, margined with yellow ; just behind the suture there is
an oval, obliquely placed, black spot on each side; de. placed on black
patches, which are margined with whitish behind. Mesopleura white ;
pteropleura yellowish ; sternopleura shining black, narrowly reddish
at upper border. The short pubescence of the back is pale yellowish.
The long hairs of mesopleura are white. Scutellum almost entirely
shining black. The yellow basal line and those dividing the three
spots are narrow, the latter sometimes hardly visible. Mesophragma
yellowish, with white dust, like the hypopleural spots. All the bristles
black; only one mpl. as a rule. Abdomen reddish, with more or less
complete black band on second segment ; hind border of first segment
and «whole third segment white dusted, forming two bands; male
genitalia shining reddish ; ovipositor reddish with black end, as long as
the two last abdominal segments together ; venter reddish ; bristles
black. Legs pale yellowish, the femora more or less reddish on distal
half; front femora with numerous black bristles below. In the male
the front coxae are shining black, with a white apical spot interiorly ;
the trochanters are black; the front femora are dark yellowish
outwardly, deep black inwardly, and there with a white basal spot and
with a broader white praeapical spot ; the middle legs have a small
black spot at base of femora below and at end of tibiae above, the
former being sometimes absent. In the female there is no trace of
this striking coloration. Wings (fig. 24) broad and short, rounded,
with black dots and streaks at base, with the marginal band united
with the stigma and provided with the usual two pairs of dark spots
and with fuscous spot at end of third vein; middle band quite want-
ing; cubital band fuscous and isolated ; basal band perpendicular,
32
482 Annals of the South African Museum.
extending from the fuscous stigma to before the end of the sixth vein ;
it is yellowish from the second to the fifth vein and fuscous in the rest,
but in the female it is entirely fuscous, even in the middle.
Pardalaspis cosyra, Walker, 1849.
(Pl. XII, fig. 27.)
The typical form is distinct by black cephalic and femoral bristles
and by broad black praescutellar spots, which are margined with yellow
behind.
One @ from Transvaal, Kaapmuiden, 30th October 1918 (W. E.
Tucker); Barberton, 27th April 1920 (H. K. Munro).. From East
London and from Wolhuterskop, Transvaal, there is a variety in
which the humeri have no black spot, as in the true silvestrw, Bezzi.
Pardalaspis flecuosa, Walker, 1853.
Described and figured from Cape, but never seen subsequently.
Pardalas pis quinaria, Beza, 1918.
Recently described by me from Salisbury.
Pardalaspis aliena, Bezzi, 1920.
(PE XG fies 253)
At once distinguished from all the other species on account of its
very peculiar wing-pattern (fig. 25).
Described from Grahamstown, I have seen some additional
specimens from East London, 9th May 1923 (H. K. Munro).
PERILAMPSIS, Bezzi, 1920.
Of this Central African genus there is a very characteristic species
from Transvaal, the description of which is as follows :—
Perilampsis diademata, sp. nov.
(PERRI e283)
A beautiful fly, very like pulchella, Austen, from Uganda, but at
once distinguishable by the red colour of whole body and by the
somewhat different wing-pattern.
A single male specimen from Pretoria, 10th January 1923 (H. K.
Munro).
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 483
$. Length of body about 4 mm.; of wing, 4:3 mm. Occiput
yellow below, shining reddish above, a little infuscated towards the
middle. Frons rectangular, distinctly longer than broad; it is
reddish on the basal half, with shining ocellar and vertical plates,
opaque, yellow on distal half, and yet reddish brown at root of
antennae; lunulasmall, reddish. Face whitish yellow, with a narrow
reddish-brown band below the root of antennae. Peristomialia as
broad as the third antennal joint, with a brown spot below the eyes.
Antennae entirely reddish, distinctly shorter than the face; third
joint rounded at end; arista with very short pubescence. Palpi and
proboscis reddish. Cephalic bristles black; oc. long; two 1. or.
Thorax on the back shining red, but shining black at sides above
the notopleural line; the two bands of whitish pubescence are less
developed than in pulchella; pleurae in part shining red and in part
shining black, with a broad oblique yellow band extending from the
likewise yellow humeri to the lower hind border of mesopleura.
Bristles black; dc. on the line of thea.sa.; only one mpl. Scutellum
entirely yellow, with four black bristles. Mesophragma shining black ;
one small and not very striking yellow hypopleural spot. Calypters
dirty brownish; halteres red. Abdomen entirely shining red, with
two bands of whitish pubescence at hind border of first and of third
segment. Legs yellowish, with more or less darkened femora. Wing
as in Austen’s fig. 1 on p. 72; but the last portion of fourth vein
is strongly S-shaped, and the small cross-vein is placed distinctly
before the middle of the discoidal cell. The wing-pattern (fig. 28) is
very similar, with a complete middle band and with the cubital band
reduced to an intfuscation of the hind cross-vein. The difference is
in the fact that the basal band, instead of being perpendicular, is
oblique and goes from the stigma to the end of the anal cell, filling
up completely the base of the discoidal and of the third posterior
cell; it is therefore not separated from the infuscation of the base
of wing.
TRIRHITHRUM, Bezzi, 1918.
Even this peculiar Ethiopian genus is well represented in South
Africa,.not less than six species being known, as follows :—
1. (4) Back of mesonotum densely grey, tomentose on the disc, with shining
black sides ; humeri light yellowish ; pleurae with yellowish stripes.
2. (3) Face black spotted above ; humeri mostly yellowish ; length 4 mm.
lyctt, Coquill.
3. (2) Face not black spotted ; humeri broadly black in the middle; 2 mm.
minimum, Var. Nov.
484 Annals of the South African Museum.
4. (1) Thorax entirely shining black, even on disc, humeri, and pleurae, or these
latter with a white spot.
5. (8) Scutellum flat above, shining black, with more or less broadly yellow
base.
6. (7) Wings with complete middle band and without basal streaks; pleurae
entirely black ; three i. or. : ies nite v. Rod.
Wings with the middle band reduced to a very short tooth and with
basal streaks ; pleurae with a whitish mesopleural spot; two i. or.
albomaculatum, v. Rod.
8. (5) Seutellum convex and entirely black even at base.
9. (10) Middle band in the shape of a rather long tooth, extended to the fourth
“I
S
longitudinal vein ; only two sct. : : bimaculatum, v. Rod.
10. (9) Middle band reduced to a very short, less distinct tooth ; four sct. as
usual ; : : ; : : ‘ . occrpitale, Bezzi.
Trirvhithrum lycu, Coquillett, 1901.
(PIR Xa ties.)
Originally described from the Cape, I have seen some specimens
from Fisch Hoek, Cape Peninsula, 12th January 1920, in the Collection
of the Agricultural Department.
To the original description may be added : Cephalic bristles black ;
two 1. or.; arista bare; thoracic bristles black; only one mpl. ; two
whitish hypopleural spots : ovipositor shining black.
Trivhithrum lycu minimum, var. nov.
Distinct from the preceding in being much smaller and in having a
different coloration of face and thorax.
A single female specimen from Grootfontein, 5th March 1916
(B. O. Wohl).
2. Length of body, 2 mm.; of wing, 2-4 mm. Occiput with a
transverse black band above, and with the lower swellings broad and
white. Frons more broad than long, opaque, whitish on the basal
half, yellowish on terminal half, with a dark transverse band in the
middle. Face entirely whitish; peristomialia as broad as the third
antennal joint, whitish, unspotted. Antennae entirely yellow, shorter
than the face; third joint rounded at end; arista nearly bare.
A small blackish dot between antennae and eyes. All the cephalic
bristles black ; oc. rather short ; only two1. or. Thorax blaék; the
back is clothed with dense grey dust in the middle, and is shining on
the sides, on a broad suprahumeral patch, on a small rounded spot
near the suture, and on two broad praescutellar patches ; there are,
moreover, two deep black spots on postalar calli and near root of wings ;
humeri black, with a narrow whitish border; pleurae shining black,
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 485
with a broad whitish mesopleural band and two broad white hypo-
pleural spots. Scutellum rounded, swollen, shining black, with a
narrow, sinuous, whitish bandat base. All the bristles black; de. near
the line of the a.sa.; a. sct. decussate. Mesophragma shining black.
Halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen shining black, with two whitish
bands, one at hind border of first segment, the other covering almost
the whole of the third segment ; ovipositor shining black, as long as
the three last abdominal segments. Legs yellowish, with more or
less darkened femora. Wings with regular nervation; second vein
straight, long, ending nearer the end of third than to that of
second vein; stigma elongate; last portion of fourth vein distinctly
S-shaped; small cross-vein placed on the middle of the almost
rectangular discoidal cell. Wings with a typical brown pattern,
with complete middle band, and with complete cubital band, this
latter united with the basal one at the small cross-vein; the
marginal cell has a small hyaline border at costa and two dark
spots at fore border; the basal streaks and dots are well developed.
Trivhithrum nitidum, v. Réder, 1885.
(a 2QUf, sles)
Described from Delagoa Bay, but not seen subsequently; it is
allied with albonigrum, Enderlein, in having three i. or. and two mpl.
One male specimen from Natal, Kar Kloof, 1915 (H. W. Bell-
Marley).
To the original description of this beautiful fly may be added :
Cephalic bristles black; interior vt., oc. and s. or. very strong and
long; three strongi.or. Second antennal joint not prominent, never
spinulose above. LHyes in side view rather narrow. Pubescence of
back of mesonotum dark, but yellowish in front of the suture, thus
forming a distinct transverse band. Pleurae more reddish brown,
unspotted. Bristles black; de. placed on the line of the a. sa. ;
two mpl.; pt. very strong. While the tibiae and tarsi are whitish,
the femora are reddish brown. Wings (fig. 31) with complete middle
band and with the base broadly black, but with one hyaline indenta-
tion in the costal cell. Small cross-vein near middle of discoidal cell.
Costal bristle distinct but short.
Trivhithrum albomaculatum, v. Réder, 1885.
(BIE iia 298)
Likewise described from Delagoa Bay, and not found subsequently.
I have seen one 2 specimen from Hast London, 2nd January 1922
486 Annals of the South African Museum.
(H. K. Munro), and another from Grahamstown, 14th March 1905,
in the Collection of the Agricultural Department.
Only the male was described; to the original description is to be
added: Occiput reddish above, with two broad white patches on the
lower swellings. Frons rather narrow, blackish, with two grey spots
in front; arista with very short pilosity (not bare, as described by
von Réder). Palpi yellowish; proboscis blackish. Eyes very narrow
in side view. Bristles black and not very strong: two 1. or. only.
Back of mesonotum with black pubescence, but with a praesutural
band of whitish hairs, as in the preceding species ; de. on the line of
the a.sa.; one mpl. The white mesopleural spot is placed obliquely ;
mesophragma and hypopleura shining black. The white abdominal
bands are on hind border of first and of third segment; ovipositor
cylindrical, shining black, as long as the three last abdominal segments.
Wings (fig. 29) with the middle band reduced to a very short tocth ;
the base is black, with one hyaline indentation on the costal cell,
and below this with some hyaline streaks; axillary lobe with the
external lower angle subhyaline; small cross-vein before the middle
of the discoidal cell; costal bristle short, but distinct ; anal cross-
vein a little sinuous above.
Trivhithrum bimaculatum, v. Réder, 1885.
Likewise from Delagoa Bay, but not seen subsequently.
Trirhithrum occipitale, Bezzi, 1918.
(Pl. XII, fig. 30.)
Originally described from Nyasaland, I have seen some specimens
of both sexes from East London, June 1923 (H. K. Munro).
The as yet undescribed male is very like the female, with more
striking coloration of frons and more developed abdominal-pattern ;
there are sometimes three 1. or. In my original description the thorax
is said to be yellowish, while it is shining black.
THEMARICTERA, Hendel, 1914.
Themarictera laticeps, Loew, 1861.
(Bik Xo itioa 333)
Some specimens of both sexes of this striking species of great size
from Port Shepstone, 29th August 1920 (H. K. Munro).
The head of the male is usually twice as broad as the already broad
head of female.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 487
RHACOCHLAENA, Loew, 1862.
The species of this genus seems to be not rare in South Africa,
where the three following have been found :—
1. (4) Arista with short pubescence; ovipositor shorter than the abdomen
and reddish.
(3) Wings with a broad fuscous subapical band, which includes the broad
terminal whitish spot. ‘ ; pulchella, Bezzi.
3. (2) Wings without such a complete band the pintan terminal spot being free
below ie : : . fasciolata, Loew.
4. (1) Arista with rather lene plawosieee avipositor as long as the abdomen and
quite black or with reddish base. 6 : ; . major, Bezzi.
Rhacochlaena pulchella, Bezzi, 1920.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 35.)
Originally described from Gold Coast, there is one male specimen
from Transvaal, Kaapmuiden, October 1918 (R. W. E. Tucker).
Rhacochlaena fasciolata, Loew, 1863.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 34.)
This is the typical common South African species. Kimberley,
1913 (J. H. Power); Pretoria, 16th September 1914; numerous
specimens of both sexes from Bloemfontein and Pretoria, March
to May (H. K. Munro).
Rhacochlaena major, Bezzi.
(GEN, DUES stavex, XG),
An as yet undescribed species from N.W. Rhodesia, it is aliied with
pulchella, but is distinct by the plumose arista and by the narrower
white terminal spot of wings. A couple of specimens from East
London, 5th May 1925 (H. K. Munro).
The male is smaller than the type female, measuring only
5-5 mm. in leneth, but it is otherwise similar. The two black
stripes of thorax are complete and placed on the same line with the
abdominal ones; genitalia shining black, narrowly yellow at base
above, and with a pendulous, whitish appendage below. The
female has the ovipositor shorter than in the type, and with reddish
base.
488 Annals of the South African Museum.
PHORELLIA, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
[ place provisionally in the present genus one species, which seems
to be allied with brunithoraz, R.-D., from Mauritius, but differs in
some details of the wing-pattern. It is not typical for the genus,
having the de. placed nearer the suture; but the third longitudinal
vein is bristly.
Phorellia peringueyi, sp. nov.
(El Xe tigers)
A black and yellow species, distinguished by its peculiarly banded
wings.
Type -9, a single badly preserved specimen from Cape Town,
September 1915 (L. Peringuey), named in honour of the collector.
Some female specimens from East London, May—October 1923,
bred from Senecio ruderalis (H. K. Munro).
9. Length of body and wing, 4 mm.; of ovipositor,1 mm. Occiput
pale yellowish, with a broad black spot on the upper half above the
neck. Frons about as broad as long, entirely yellowish, opaque,
with greyish sides, ocellar triangle andlunula. Face and peristomialia
whitish, the latter narrow and unspotted. Antennae entirely yellowish,
shorter than the face; third joint a little less than twice as long
as the second, rounded at end, but a little concave on anterior side ;
arista with microscopical pubescence. Palpi and proboscis yellowish,
the latter short and thick. Ocp. thin, short, acute, black; pvt.
yellowish, while all the other bristles are black; oc. long; two i. or.
Back of mesonotum black in the middle, densely clothed with
opaque dark grey dust, yellowish on humeri and sides; pleurae
yellowish, but the sternopleura and the lower part of mesopleura
blackish; postscutellum and mesophragma black, grey dusted ;
scutellum yellowish, with narrow black base. All the bristles black ;
de. a little before the line of a. sa.; four sct. Halteres yellowish.
Abdomen black, rather shining, grey dusted; all the segments at
hind border with complete yellowish bands, which are dilated in the
middle; moreover, the first segment is broadly yellow at sides ;
venter likewise black, with narrow yellow hind borders; bristles
black; ovipositor shining black, as long as the two last abdominal
segments together. Coxae and legs entirely yellowish ; front femora
with a row of blackish bristles below: Wings with small costal
bristle ; second vein straight ; third vein bristly to beyond the small
cross-vein, which is placed after the middle of the discoidal cell; last
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 489
portions of third and fourth vein straight and parallel ; hind cross-
vein about as long as its distance from the small cross-vein ; lower
angle of anal cell acute and rather produced. The wings (fig. 37) are
hyaline, with yellowish veins, which are darkened towards the ends.
Stigma entirely yellow. The bands are moderately infuscated, the first
perpendicular, beginning in the middle of the second costal cell and
ending at sixth vein, after the end of the anal cell. The second band
is oblique outwardly, beginning at stigma, including the small cross-
vein and ending at fifth vein before the end of the discoidal cell.
The third band is oblique inwardly, beginning broadly just before
the end of the marginal cell, and ending a lttle beyond the fifth
vein including the hind cross-vein. Between these two last bands
there is on the fore border an abbreviated narrow band, extended from
the costa to the second vein. The fourth band is formed by the
broad terminal spot, which fills up the ends of submarginal and
first posterior cell and a very small upper corner of the second
posterior cell. These fuscous bands are yellowish on certain parts,
e.g. around the basal and small cross-veins, and within the marginal
and submarginal cells.
TaomytA, Bezzi, 1920.
Taomyia marshalli, Bezzi, 1920.
(Pl, XMM, fies 38.)
A magnificent species, collected in Natal by Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall.
AFROCNEROS, Bezzi, 1924.
This new name was recently proposed by me for the species
formerly placed in Ocneros, and differing from the following genus
Ocnerioxa, in the more developed chaetotaxy of head and thorax.
They are exclusively South African, and may be distinguished as
follows :—
1. (2) The hyaline indentation at fore border of wing is extended to the fourth
longitudinal vein : : excellens, Loew.
2. (1) The above-named indentation nae hatte reaching the third longitudinal
vein.
3. (4) The indentation extends into the submarginal cell; discoidal cell with a
hyaline spot at end s : : mundus, Loew.
4, (3) The indentation stops at second vein ; discoidal cell entirely black at end
mundissimus, Sp. NOV.
490 Annals of the South African Museum.
Afrocneros excellens, Loew, 1861.
(Pl? XII, fig. 41.)
Not rare: Natal, Durban, 1915 (Bell-Marley) ; M’fongosi, Zululand,
February 1914 (W. E. Jones); Pretoria and Prospect (H. K. Munro).
Afrocneros mundus, Loew, 1863.
(ELS OUOL, iaex; S8),))
Considered by some authors as a simple variety of the preceding,
and likewise common: Orange Free State, Pietermaritzburg, April
1918 (Miss J. Skaife) ; Maseru, Basutoland (Mrs. Dieterlen) ; Pretoria,
Grootfontein, Middelburg (H. K. Munro).
Afrocneros mundissimus, sp. Nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 40.)
About the same as the preceding species, and probably only a
variety of it, distinguished by the somewhat different wing-pattern.
Type 3, a single specimen from Dunbrody, 1899 (Rev. O'Neil).
3. lLengthof body,5-5mm.; of wing,6mm. Head, its appendages
and chaetotaxy exactly as in mundus, also the thorax and scutellum.
Mesophragma quite shining black, the middle yellowish stripe being
almost indistinct. Abdomen more broadly black, even the second’
segment being black and the third and fourth having only a small
yellow spot at hind border. Legs as in mundus, also the wings.
The rather conspicuous differences in the wing-pattern (fig. 40) are
as follows: (a) The hyaline indentation of the costal cell is rather
indistinct ; (b) the triangular hyaline indentation just beyond the
stigma ends at second vein, without extending into the submarginal
cell; (c) the hyaline indentation of the second posterior cell ends
exactly at fourth vein, without extending into the first posterior
cell; (d) there is no hyaline rounded spot within the terminal part of
the discoidal cell below the small cross-vein, the discoidal cell being
almost entirely infuscated, the hyaline indentation of the third
posterior cell extending only a little into its posterior border.
OcNERIOXA, Speiser, 1915.
In its more extended sense this genus includes the two following
species from South Africa, excluding gracilis, Loew, which belongs to
the genus Allotrypes. |
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 49]
1. (2) Base of wing broadly yellowish hyaline ; the fuscous part of wing is divided
by a broad hyaline complete band, extending from fore to hind border of
wing , : : 4 . : interrupta, sp. nov.
2. (1) Base of wing infuscated ; no such hyaline band present; wings of male
with a broad yellowish patch at fore border. : . sinuata, Loew.
Ocnerioxa interrupta, sp. nov.
(2k; SMD, sites, 22.)
Very distinct from all the other species on account of its reduced
and peculiar wing-pattern.
A single specimen, type 9, from Zululand, M’fongosi, February
1914 (W. E. Jones).
Q. Length of body, 4 mm.; of wing, 5 mm. Head entirely
yellowish; occiput unspotted, paler below. Frons opaque, broad,
about as long as broad, with a small black ocellar dot. Face
pale yellowish, unspotted, like the rather broad peristomialia.
Antennae entirely yellowish, nearly as long as the face, with the
third joint broad, rounded at end; arista microscopically pubescent.
Palpi and proboscis dark yellowish. All the cephalic bristles yellow,
but the short and thin ocp. black, like the outer vt.; no oc.; only
two 1. or., and no bristly hairs between them or between the s. or.
Thorax yellowish, without any dark pattern, paler on the pleurae,
darkened on mesophragma, rather shining on back, and there with
short yellowish pubescence. All the bristles yellowish; de. much
behind the line of the a. sa.; only one distinct mpl. Scutellum pale
yellowish, with four long, dark yellowish bristles. Halteres pale
yellowish. Abdomen reddish yellow, rather shining, with slight
black spots on sides of first segment and on middle of third and
fourth segment ; pubescence and bristles yellowish ; venter reddish ;
ovipositor reddish, as long as the three last abdominal segments
together, narrowly black at end. Legs entirely pale yellowish, un-
spotted, with pale pubescence and bristles; front femora with one
or two yellow bristles below, near the end. Wings (fig. 42) narrow
and long. The base to the basal and anal cross-veins is yellowish
hyaline, quite unspotted. The stigma is as long as the second costal
cell, blackish, with a broad hyaline spot at base. The blackish
anterior half is extended below only a httle beyond the fourth
vein, and is divided into two parts by a broad hyaline band, which
begins at fore border just beyond the stigma, and is continued
across the middle of the submarginal cell and into the base of the
first posterior cell, ending broadened at hind border almost on the
492 Annals of the South African Museum.
whole of the second posterior cell; the hind cross-vein shows thus a
broad infuscation, which is quite isolated. In the first basal cell
there is a small rounded hyaline dot ; the small cross-vein is margined
by narrow hyaline streaks. The whole third posterior cell is hyaline,
with only a small infuscation at upper extreme base. Third longi-
tudinal vein quite bare; hind cross-vein straight, and about as long as
its distance from the small cross-vein. Costal cells entirely yellowish
hyaline.
Ocnerioxa sinuata, Loew, 1861.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 43.)
Of this species, not noted since the original description, I have seen
some specimens of both sexes from Prospect and from East London
(H. K. Munro). It is very distinct by the peculiar wing-pattern.
The as yet undescribed male has a wing-pattern (fig. 45) very different
from that of the female, because the two hyaline costal spots are less
distinct, and there is a broad yellowish patch on anterior half, extended
to the hind cross-vein and reaching below the third vein. _
This species shows a bristly third longitudinal vein, but has only
one mpl. and only two i. or., and is thus better located in Ocnerioxa
than in Afrocneros.
XANTHANOMOEA, gen. nov.
A new genus of the group of Phagocarpus ( = Anomoea), with which .
it is related in general shape and wing-pattern and venation; but
distinct on account of its entirely yellow body colour, its very narrow
frons, its very short first longitudinal vein, and its very long last
portion of fourth vein.
Head not broader than the thorax, in front view as high as broad.
Occiput flat, a little concave above and not swollen below. Frons
narrow and long, about three times as long as broad, flat but
a little prominent anteriorly. Eyes ovate, bare. Face narrow and
much shorter than the frons, with rather shallow antennal furrows
and with no prominent mouth border. Antennae inserted below the
middle of the eyes, short, not reaching the mouth border; third
joint rounded at end; arista microscopically pubescent. Palpi
narrow ; proboscis short and thick. Ocp. numerous, thin, black ;
pvt. parallel; inner vt. twice as long as the exterior ones, but not
very long and rather thin; no oc.; two s. or. and two i. or., these
latter rather distant from each other; genal bristle not distinct.
Thorax short and broad, rather flattened above, but convex in front ;
transverse suture broadly interrupted in the middle, and even on sides
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 493
not very distinct Scutellum triangular, little convex above, one-third
as long as the length of back, with four bristles. Thoracic chaetotaxy
complete and normal ; scp. very small; de. on the line of the a. sa. ;
one mpl.; pt. strong; st. weak. Abdomen short, with five visible
segments ; ovipositor very short. Legs rather short and simple ;
front femora with the row of bristles below. Wings without costal
bristle and with very typical venation. First longitudinal vein
short, ending at the first third of the costa; stigma short; second
vein straight, like the last portions of third and fourth which are
distinctly diverging. Small cross-vein distinctly, but little, before the
middle of the very short discoidal cell ; hind cross-vein long and very
oblique, the lower angle of discoidal cell being acute, placed at middle
of the wing; the last portion of fourth vein is very long, being three
times as long as the space between the two cross-veins and being
considerably longer than the discoidal cell. Sixth vein prolonged
to the hind border of wing; lower angle of anal cell acute but not
produced and not longer than the rather broad second basal cell.
Axillary lobe broad; alula rounded. Wing-pattern of the usual
type of Phagocarpus.
Type: the following new species.
Xanthanomoea munroi, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 44.)
A pretty species, yellow with small black markings, and with very
characteristic wing-pattern.
Type 9, a single specimen from Barberton, 11th October 1919
(H. K. Munro).
@. Length of body, 3 mm.; of wing, 35 mm. Head entirely
yellow, with unspotted occiput; sides of frons paler; a small
black ocellar dot. Face whitish, like the peristomialia, which are
unspotted. Antennae pale yellowish, like the palpi and the proboscis.
All the bristles yellowish, only the outer vt. and the ocp. being black.
Thorax entirely yellow, rather shining on sides of back and on pleurae ;
two narrow parallel black stripes extended along the dorsocentral
lines from the scp. to the scutellum ; a white notopleural stripe from
the white humeri to the root of wing; all the bristles and the pubes-
cence yellowish. Scutellum entirely yellow, lke postscutellum and
mesophragma. Halteres whitish. Abdomen shining yellow, with
yellowish pubescence and yellow terminal bristles; second segment
with a narrow black band at base interrupted in the middle; a
494 Annals of the South African Museum.
similar but much smaller band at base of third segment ; fifth segment
with a broad black spot on each side at base; ovipositor yellow,
shorter than the fifth abdominal segment; venter yellow, unspotted.
Legs quite pale yellowish, with yellowish hairs and bristles. Wings
(fig. 44) hyaline, iridescent, with yellowish veins, which are blackish
on the dark parts of the pattern. The wing-base is yellowish in the
middle to the small cross-vein and to the middle of the discoidal cell ;
the costal cells, the anal cell, and the axillary lobe with the alula are
hyaline. The stigma and base of the submarginal cell below it are
black, forming thus a single black spot; at the anterior part of this
spot begins a narrow oblique black band which, passing across the
small cross-vein and becoming yellowish within the discoidal cell, ends
(before reaching hind border) in the middle of the third posterior
cell. Another short black oblique band begins at costa some distance
beyond the stigma, and ends at third vein. Within the hyaline
terminal half of the wings there is a complete narrow, arcuate black
band, which begins at hind border at the end of fifth vein and,
passing along the hind cross-vein, reaches the end of second vein, from
which it continues outwardly along the costa to a little beyond the
end of third vein.
CoELOTRYPES, gen. nov.
This new genus is evidently related to Coelopacidia, chiefly on account
of the form of head, but differs in possessing a well-developed st.,
and in having a bare third longitudinal vein. It is quite possible
that C. madagascariensis, Enderl., belongs here.
Body narrow and elongate. Head broader than the thorax,
higher than broad in front view. Occiput rather convex, but
with the lower swellings undeveloped. Frons long, very concave ;
eyes rounded, in front view prominent above the frons; in profile
the anterior part of frons is prominent, forming an antenniferous
prominence. Face short, broadened below, very concave, with
prominent mouth border. Peristomialia as broad as the third
antennal joint. Antennae very long, longer than the face, inserted
towards the middle of the eyes ; third joint linear, three times as large
as the second, obtuse at end; arista basal, in the type species with
microscopical pubescence (but in another species from Sudan it is
shortly plumose).. Mouth opening broad; palpi dilated at end;
proboscis short. Ocp. four to five, confined to the upper part ;
pvt. very short ; the two pairs of or. are of about the same length ;
no oc.; one s. and three i. or.: frontal vitta bare in the middle;
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 495
genal bristle rather strong. Thorax elongate, about twice as long
as broad; transverse suture broadly interrupted in the middle ;
back convex, but flat in the middle; one hm., no prst., two mpl.,
one a., and two p. sa.; one prsc. and one de., this latter very
near to the former and thus much behind the line of the a. sa. ;
four well-developed scp.; one mpl.; one pt.; one st. Scutellum
triangular, flat above, only one-fourth of the length of back, with
four strong bristles. Abdomen elongate, narrower than the
thorax but about as long as it; there are four segments of equal
length in the male and five segments in the female, the last shorter
than the preceding; ovipositor strong, conical, only a little shorter
_ than the abdomen; male genitalia rounded and prominent ; terminal
bristles of abdomen well developed. Legs proportionately short and
stout ; front femora rather swollen, without bristles below, but with
a row on upper side; middle tibiae with one spur; hind praetarsi
rather elongate, as long as all the other segments together. Wings
shorter than the body, rather broad, without costal bristle. First
vein long, but the stigma is not elongate; second vein straight ; last
portions of third and fourth veins slightly curved below and parallel ;
small cross-vein long, perpendicular, in the middle of the discoidal
cell, the first basal cell unusually broad ; second basal cell not dilated ;
hind cross-vein straight and perpendicular, placed very near the hind
border of wing; anal cell with the lower angle acute but little produced
and shorter than the second basal cell. Third longitudinal vein
quite bare; sixth vein reaching hind border. Wing-pattern very
simple, consisting of one praeapical dark spot, one broad terminal
whitish spot, and an infuscation of the hind cross-vein.
Type: the following new species.
Coelotrypes vittatus, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 45.)
A reddish species, with a strikingly vittate thorax.
One female from Tsumeb, 8.W. Africa, December 1919 (R. W.
Tucker) ; another female from Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia, May 1917
(same collector).
2. Length of body, 4-5-5-5 mm. ; of wing, 3-7-5 mm.; of ovipositor,
1-3-1-6 mm. Occiput reddish yellow, with a yellow postvertical spot,
and with two broad, shining black patches above. Frons shining
yellowish, with a small black ocellar dot. Face shining yellowish,
with a rounded black spot on each side near the mouth border ;
&
496 Annals of the South African Museum.
peristomialia unspotted. Antennae yellowish, with the third joint
blackened at end; arista microscopically pubescent. Palpi and pro-
boscis yellowish. All the bristles black; threei. or. Thorax shining
reddish ; a black longitudinal line on each side, originating in front:
as a broad patch near the scp., and continued as a narrow line to
the de. ; just beyond the suture in the middle of the back is a broad
white stripe, margined by a black line on each side, both continued
along the middle of the scutellum and becoming gradually broader
towards the end. Humeri white, as is a notopleural stripe, which is
narrowly margined with black. Pleurae and mesophragma reddish,
unspotted. Scutellum reddish, with the above-described middle
stripe. Halteres whitish. Abdomen shining reddish, with two broad .
black stripes extending from the base to the middle ; pubescence and
bristles black; ovipositor shining reddish, narrowly black at tip.
Venter reddish. Legs entirely yellowish, with black hairs. Wings
(fig. 45) hyaline, iridescent, with yellowish veins; stigma blackish.
There is a triangular blackish spot at end of second and third veins,
filing up the extreme corners of the marginal and submarginal cells,
and extending below into the first posterior cell. The whitish apical
spot is broad, occupying the end of first posterior cell and extending
below into the upper part of the second posterior cell. Hind
cross-vein margined with fuscous.
HERMANNLOEWIA, gen. nov.
The present genus is named after Hermann Loew, who has contri-
buted so much to the knowledge of the Trypaneid fauna of South
Africa. It is distinct from the genus Notomma, to which it is related
in general appearance and coloration, by the quite bare third longi-
tudinal vein, by the different head, and by the first posterior cell
being suddenly dilated outwardly. Type of the genus: Trypeta
gucunda, Loew, 1861.
Head as broad as the thorax, in front view distinctly higher than
broad, not flattened in profile, the eyes being ratherround. Occiputa
little concave above and rather swollen below, without distinct lateral
swellings. Frons flat, broad, gradually narrowed towards the
antennae, in profile only a little prominent in front. Lunula
broad, free. Face shorter than the frons, broadened below, with
little prominent mouth border and with rather deep antennal
furrows ; peristomialia as broad as the third antennal joint or even
a little broader. Eyes banded in life. Antennae inserted at
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 497
or a little below the middle of the eyes, shorter than the
face; third joint rounded at end; arista bare. Palpi broad;
proboscis short. Ocp. numerous, acute, black; pvt. parallel; outer
- vt. twice longer than the inner ones; oc. short but well developed ;
one or two s. or. and three i. or.; genal bristle little developed.
Thorax flat, about as broad as long, with the suture broadly interrupted
in the middle; chaetotaxy complete; scp. strong, those of middle
approximated ; de. much behind the line of the a. sa.; two mpl.
pt. and st. well developed. Scutellum convex, rounded, with four
bristles, the apical ones decussate. Abdomen in the middle as broad
as the thorax, with four segments in the male and five in the female ;
ovipositor short, broad, obtuse; terminal and lateral bristles well
developed. Legs short and stout; front femora with the row of
bristles below ; middle tibiae with one spur; hind tibiae bristly behind.
Wings long and narrow, with short costal bristle. First longitudinal
vein long; stigma elongate, about as long as the second costal cell ;
second vein straight; third quite bare; last portion of third vein
strongly bent above, while the last portion of fourth is bent below, the
first posterior cell being thus dilated outwardly ; small cross-vein
on the last third of the discoidal cell; hind cross-vein straight,
perpendicular, very near the hind border of the wing; lower angle of
the anal cell acute and produced, but considerably shorter than
the second basal cell, which is not dilated. Sixth vein prolonged to
the hind border; alula rounded; axillary lobe broad and short.
Wing-pattern consisting of two yellowish longitudinal rays, the inferior
one more or less incomplete and sometimes bifurcate, but never
recurrent along the hind border, as it is in Notomma.
Hermannloewia gucunda, Loew, 1861.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 46.)
One female from Pretoria, 25th October 1913, on Protea (H. K.
Munro); eye in life blue green, with two transverse red bands.
To Loew’s careful original description may be added: All the
cephalic bristles black, only one s. or., but three 1. or.; two mpl. ;
vt. long and strong, twice as long as the pt. Mesophragma with two
shining black spots above, approximated to each other. Bristles and
pubescence of abdomen black. Ovipositor reddish brown, with shin-
ing black tip. Bristles of legs black. Wing venation very peculiar
in the curvature of the last portion of the fourth vein, and thus in the
shape of the first posterior cell (fig. 46).
929
vd
498 Annals of the South African Museum.
Hermannloewia dissoluta, Bezzi.
Of this as yet undescribed species there is one female specimen from
Pretoria in the Museum of Budapest. It is distinguished from the
preceding one in having two s. or., in having the last portion of fourth
vein less curved, and in lacking the dark oblique band across the last
portion of that vein.
ZACERATA (Coq.), Aldrich, 1924.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. xxvi, p. 64.
The present genus was named but not described by the late Mr.
Coquillett many years ago; as I have seen the original specimens of
the type species in the U.S. National Museum at Washington, I can
give the following description :—
Head very large, broader than the thorax. Occiput concave
above, distinctly swollen at sides below. Frons very broad,
broader than long, convex but gently rounded; the lunula is pro-
portionately small, much broader than long. Face very broad,
longer than thé frons, convex or even tuberculate in the middle ;
mouth border very little prominent; parafacialia narrow, peristo-
mialia broad. Eyes bare, small, oval, their vertical diameter more
than twice the horizontal one. Antennae inserted distinctly above
the middle of eyes and rather widely separated at base; they are.
linear and much longer than the face; the first joint is very long,
the second is small and short, the third is linear, obtuse at end;
arista bare. Ocp. short, not numerous, black, acute; pvt. diverging ;
inner vt. very long; oc. well developed; two s. and three i. or.
directed inwards. Thorax short and broad, with interrupted
suture and with complete chaetotaxy. Scutellum with four bristles.
Abdomen with the segments of about the same length; male genitalia
large; ovipositor flat, broad, short. Legs short and stout; front
femora with a row of bristles below. Wings short and broad, without
costal interruption and without costal bristle. Second vein long and
straight ; third vein bare; small cross-vein a little beyond the middle
of the discoidal cell, the portion of fourth vein before it sometimes
curved as in Rivellia ; last portions of third and fourth veins parallel ;
hind cross-vein curved outwardly, perpendicular, much longer than
its distance from hind border, and shorter than its distance from
the anterior one. Anal cell short and rounded outwardly, but with
the lower angle right; sixth vein reaching hind border; axillary
lobe broad; alula rounded. Wing-pattern of banded type.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 499
Type: Zacerata asparagi, Coquillett.
The two known species may be distinguished as follows :—
1. (2) Antennae much longer than the face ; fourth longitudinal vein bent down-
wards before the small cross-vein, the basal part of the discoidal cell being
thus much narrower than the terminal half; wings hyaline, with brown
fore border and three fuscous bands : : . asparagi, Coquill.
2. (1) Antennae only a little longer than the face; fourth vein quite straight
before the small cross-vein, the discoidal cell regular; wings brown,
with narrow hyaline indentations at fore and at hind border
taomytoides, sp. nov.
Zacerata asparagi (Coq.), Aldrich, 1924.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 47.)
A shining black, grey spotted fly, with very broad head and very
long antennae.
Some specimens of both sexes in the Agricultural Department
Collection and in the U.S. National Museum, from Worcester, January
1908, bred from asparagus. The species is not unlike some South
African species of Rivellia, like latifascia, Hend., or tomentosa, Hendel,
from India.
$2. Length of body, 4mm. ; of wing, 3mm.; of ovipositor, 0-6 mm.
Occiput shining black, grey dusted below. Frons dark reddish brown,
with shining black vertical plates; the orbits are whitish, but in-
terrupted by broad rounded black spots at insertion of the or., forming
thus five or six white spots ; parafacialia shining white ; peristomialia
reddish. Face shining black, with a narrow, whitish, black-dotted
lateral border. Palpi and proboscis black. Antennae with the
basal joints reddish, the third joint black; arista whitish. All the
bristles black. Back of mesonotum black, but with eight to ten
narrow parallel stripes of grey dust, with small black dots; pleurae
greyer, with black dots on the mesopleura. Scutellum and meso-
phragma shining black. Calypters white; halteres black. All the
bristles black. Abdomen black, but grey dusted and black punctulate
at hind border of the segments ; hairs black ; ovipositor and genitalia
black. Legs with black coxae and femora, blackish tibiae and reddish
tarsi. Wings (fig. 47) whitish hyaline, with blackish pattern. A black
marginal band along the fore border from the extreme base to the very
small stigma, ending there quite straight ; this band is prolonged below
to the fourth vein, but includes the whole anal cell. The terminal
pattern is formed by three bands; one at small cross-vein, ending
500 Annals of the South African Museum.
below in the middle of the third posterior cell ; one at hind cross-vein,
ending at hind border ; and one along the wing-tip, ending beyond the
end of fourth vein; there is a dark streak in the narrowed base of
the discoidal cell. It may be said that the fore half of wing is black,
with three hyaline indentations, one at fore border just beyond the
stigma and extending to the fourth vein, the other two at hind border,
one from the middle of the second posterior cell to a little above
the third vein, and the other from the end of the third posterior cell
across the end of the discoidal cell to a little above the fourth vein.
Zacerata taomyioides, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 48.)
Differing from the preceding species in the wing-pattern, as well as
in the shorter antennae and in the straight base of fourth vein ;
but agreeing with it in shape of head, antennae, and body. It cannot
be located in the genus Taomyia, with which it agrees in wing-pattern,
on account of its bare third vein and of its rounded anal cell.
A single male specimen in the Entomological Department Collection
from Great Brak River, Mossel Bay, on orange tree, Ist April 1906.
S$. Length of body and wing, 4-4 mm. Head entirely black,
broader than the thorax. Occiput rather shining, chiefly above and
at sides. Frons parallel-sided, very broad, about twice as broad as |
one eye, only a little longer than broad; it is shining black at
vertex and on the ocellar plate, dark grey dusted at sides, and there
with black dots at insertion of bristles. Face much shorter than the
frons, broadened below, convex in the middle, but not tuberculate,
and with the mouth border not prominent; it is entirely black,
opaque, grey dusted ; antennal furrows directed obliquely outwardly.
Lunula broad but short, reddish white. Antennae inserted below
the middle of eyes, a little separated at base; the short first joint
and the rather long second joint are reddish; third joint linear,
black, reddish at inner side, longer than the two first joints
together, gradually attenuated towards the end, and thus rather acute,
a little longer than the face; arista bare and thin. Palpi dark
reddish ; proboscis blackish, short, and thick. Parafacialia linear ;
peristomialia narrow and short, reddish brown. Eyes oval, pro-
portionately small. All the bristles black; ocp. very short, but thin
and acute; oc. strong and long; three pairs of equally strong i. or.,
curved inwardly, but not touching each other. Thorax entirely black,
a little shining, with reddish brown humeral calli, notopleural sutures,
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 501
ptero- and hypopleura ; on the back it is clothed with a faint greyish
dust and with short, pale pubescence ; all the bristles are black ; the
de. are placed at middle distance between the line of the a. sa. and the
scutellum; there are two equally strong mpl. Scutellum reddish
brown, with only the basal pair of bristles (7). Mesophragma shining
black. Squamulae whitish. Halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen elon-
gate, narrowed at base, shining black, with short black pubescence
and with black bristles; the two first segments with a whitish line
at hind border; fourth segment a little longer than the preceding
‘one; venter shining black ; genitalia black. Legs reddish, with more
or less blackened femora, chiefly those of the front pair, which have
the usual row of black bristles below ; hind tibiae without posterior
row. Wings (fig. 48) narrow in the basal half, broad and rounded in
the terminal half. Costal bristle not very distinct ; stigma very short.
Second vein rather wavy; third straight, and parallel with the last
portion of the fourth, which is straight before the small cross-vein ;
second posterior cell short, as broad as high; third vein quite bare ;
hind cross-vein straight and perpendicular ; lower angle of anal cell
not prolonged, rectangular. Wings with Aciwra-like pattern, being
entirely blackish, with five whitish hyaline indentations, but without
hyaline discal spots. The first indentation is in the middle of the
second costal cell, extending from the costa to the fourth vein and
ending there very narrow and acute; the second indentation is of
triangular shape, extending from just beyond the stigma to the fourth
vein. The other three indentations are at hind border, and are
narrow and long ; the first is within the base of the third posterior cell,
extending from hind border to the fifth vein, just below the end of the
second basal cell; the second is before the end of the third posterior
cell, across the middle of the discoidal cell and extending with a short
point into the base of the first posterior cell, before the small cross-
vein; the third, long and arcuate, is parallel with the terminal
border of the wing, extending from before the end of the second
posterior cell to the end of the second vein. This last hyaline indenta-
tion being more distant from the others, there is a broad rounded
blackish patch, recalling that characteristic of the genus Taomyia.
Small cross-vein before the middle of the discoidal cell.
Uropnora, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
This name is used here in its usual sense, while in my preceding
papers the name Tephritis was employed for it.
502 Annals of the South African Museum.
Urophora indecora, Loew, 1861.
Originally described from Cafiraria, but not found subsequently :
it may be distinguished from all the South African Trypaneids
on account of its quite hyaline wings, destitute of any pattern, and
with a rounded anal cell.
ALLOTRYPES, Bezzi, 1920.
Allotrypes gracilis, Loew, 1861(=brevicornis, Bezzi, 1920).
(Pl. XIII, fig. 49.)
One @ specimen from Zululand, M’fongosi, May 1917 (W. E. Jones),
already mentioned by me in the original description of brevicornis ;
one male from East London, 7th January 1923 (H. K. Munro).
The above-quoted synonymy is without doubt; and it is curious
that I have not recognised Loew’s species before describing my new
one.
The as yet undescribed male is very like the female, but the wings
(fig. 49) have the hyaline spot in the base of the marginal cell of
more whitish colour, with a broad orange spot in the middle. The
genitalia are shining reddish, like the whole abdomen.
RIVELLIOMIMA, gen. nov.
The present new genus is allied to those which have a bare third
vein, the de. placed only a little behind the line of the a. sa., yellowish
body, and no oc.; it is distinguished on account of its peculiar
venation, the portion of fourth vein before small cross-vein being
curved below into the base of the discoidal cell, as in the Ortalid genus
Rivellia, or in the above-described Zacerata. It seems to be allied
with the Oriental genus Acidioxantha, Hendel, 1914, the type species
of which has a likewise black-spotted abdomen; but the wing-pattern
is different.
Head in front view about as high as broad, in lateral view rather
narrowed above and with prominent lower occipital swellings.
Occiput distinctly concave on its upper half. Frons narrow and long,
narrower than one eye, with parallel sides, more than twice as long
as broad, not at all prominent in profile. Antennae inserted
distinctly below the middle of eyes, the face being considerably
shorter than the frons; they are extended to the mouth border,
have rounded third joint and a microscopically pubescent arista.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 503
Hyes oval, with the vertical diameter one and one-half times as long
as the horizontal one. Face with a much prominent middle keel, but
the mouth border not prominent; peristomialia narrow. Proboscis
short and thick. Ocp. very numerous, but short and dense, all of
yellowish colour ; inner vt. longer than the outer ones, but not much
developed ; no oc.; twos. and three or fouri. or. Back of mesonotum
little convex, one and one-half times longer than broad, with broadly
interrupted suture; chaetotaxy complete; dc. placed only a little
behind the line of the a. sa.; only one strong mpl., which is as strong
as the pt. Scutellum rounded, flat, bare above, with four bristles.
Abdomen rounded, shorter than the thorax, with some short bristles at
end; genitalia small; ovipositor not longer than the last abdominal
segment. Legsrather short and stout; front femora with three or four
bristles below; hind tibiae behind with a row of bristly hairs; all the
tarsi shorter than their tibiae. Wings rather long, with small costal
bristle; stigma normal; second and third veins straight and approxi-
mated, only a little diverging outwardly, the latter quite bare;
small cross-vein a little beyond middle of discoidal cell. The portion
of fourth vein before the small cross-vein is longer than the
following one and is curved below into the discoidal cell; the last
portion is straight and gradually but little diverging. Hind cross-
vein long and straight, placed oblique outwardly, a trifle longer than
the terminal portion of fifth vein; discoidal cell very broad at end ;
anal cell acute below but little produced ; sixth vein reaching hind
border ; axillary lobe short but broad, rounded ; alularounded. The
pattern consists of several narrow and oblique, complete, blackish
cross-bands.
Type: the following new species.
Rivelliomima punctiventris, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 54.)
A quite reddish-yellow fly, with five black spots on abdomen and
with three narrow blackish bands on wings.
Some specimens of both sexes from East London, May 1923 (H. K.
Munro).
32. Length of body and wing, 4 mm. Occiput pale yellowish,
unspotted, more whitish on the lower swellings. Frons entirely
yellowish, opaque, unspotted, with shining vertical plates; lunula
whitish. Antennae entirely yellowish. Face pale yellowish, with
whitish middle keel; peristomialia unspotted. Palpi and proboscis
504 Annals of the South African Museum.
yellowish. All the cephalic bristles yellowish. Mesonotum shining
reddish, unspotted, with a white notopleural stripe from the humeri
to the root of wings. All the bristles yellowish, as is the short pubes-
cence of the back. Scutellum yellowish, very shining on the disc,
unspotted, with yellowish bristles. Squamulae whitish ; halteres pale
yellowish ; mesophragma shining yellowish, unspotted ; no distinct
hypopleural spots. Abdomen shining yellowish, with yellowish
pubescence and bristles; a broad rounded shining black spot on
middle of second segment, and another smaller one on each side of
same segment; a similar spot on each side of last segment. Ovi-
positor very short, shining yellowish. Legs entirely yellowish,
unspotted, with yellowish bristles, only those of front femora and
the spur of middle tibiae being blackish. Wings (fig. 54) hyaline,
iridescent, with yellowish unspotted stigma, and with yellowish
veins, which are darkened only in the portions included in the
blackish bands. First band narrow, perpendicular, extending from
the base of stigma across anal cross-veins to the end of anal cell.
Second band narrow, oblique outwardly, extending from the costa at
middle of marginal cell across the small cross-vein to the middle of
the third posterior cell. The third band is even more oblique, be-
ginning at costa before end of second vein, and going across the hind
cross-vein to the hind border of wing at end of third posterior cell,
and ending there very near the end of the second band. Moreover, —
there is a short costal streak from end of marginal cell to a
little beyond the end of third vein. At extreme base of wing, across
the humeral and basal cross-veins, there is a rather indefinite
yellowish band; the second and third bands are also sometimes
tinged with yellowish at sides towards the middle.
CRASPEDOXANTHA, Bezzi, 1913.
All the South African species of the present genus have two mpl.
and a black-spotted scutellum; they may be distinguished as
follows :—
1. (4) Scutellum with one or with two black spots ; thorax blackish on the back,
and with a black triangular spot on lower part of sternopleura.
2. (3) Scutellum with two black spots well separated, even if much approximated
marginalis, Wied.
3. (2) Scutellum with the two spots united into a single black spot
unimaculata, var. nov.
4. (1) Scutellum with four black spots; thorax quite yellowish, without black
spots on back or on sternopleura . : 2 . polyspila, sp. nov.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 505
Craspedoxantha marginalis, Wiedemann, 1830.
(Vel, ZONE, water, 1550)>))
One female from South Rhodesia, Salisbury (D. Dodds); numerous
specimens of both sexes from Pretoria, December—January
(H. K. Munro), bred from flowers of Composite plant, Gerbera
jameson.
To the original description may be added: Eyes in life light green,
with reddish tinge. The black middle spots of the abdomen are at
base of fourth and of fifth segment, but they are distinct only in
the female, being often concealed below the hind border of the
preceding segment; moreover, in the male the last segment has
a black basal band and two spots at end.
Craspedoxantha marginalis unimaculata, var. nov.
One male specimen from Gt. Winterhoek Mt., Tulbagh, 5800 ft.,
April 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot). Distinguished from the preceding in
being of a distinctly darker colour and with the bristles dark
yellowish ; the apical spots of scutellum are fused together to form a
single broad black spot, which fills up the space between the a. sct.
Craspedoxantha polyspila, sp. nov.
(PEST fies 5.)
Nearly allied with marginalis, but distinct by the quite yellowish
thorax, and by the scutellum having two additional black spots at
insertion of the b. sct.
Type 92, a single specimen from Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, May 1917
(R. W. Tucker).
2. Length of body, 6 mm.; of wing, 5 mm. ; of ovipositor, 2 mm.
Head yellowish, with quite unspotted occiput; frons of a purplish
colour on the basal half; parafacialia with perlaceous reflexions, like
the face; peristomialia unspotted, as broad as the third antennal
joint. Antennae as long as the face, entirely yellowish ; third joint
obtuse at end, but with a rather acute and prominent upper external
corner ; arista bare. Palpi and proboscis yellowish. All the bristles
yellowish; three i. or. Thorax entirely yellowish, with no blackish
parts on back, and without black spots on pleurae or on breast ; on
the back there is a short yellowish pubescence ; there are some small,
deep black, rounded spots, as follows: four disposed in a square at
506 Annals of the South African Museum.
the insertion of prsc. and dc., two at sides behind the prst., and two
near the a. sa., and two on postalar calli, one internal, the other
external. Of the four black spots of scutellum, two are smaller and
basal, and two a little broader and apical, these latter being
distinctly more distant from each other than those of marginalis.
Postscutellum and mesophragma yellowish, unspotted. All the
bristles yellow; scp. not distinct; de. on the line of the a. sa. ;
two mpl. Halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen entirely yellowish,
opaque, with two pairs of approximated small black spots, two at
base of fourth and two at base of fifth segment, in part concealed
below hind border of preceding segments. Ovipositor as long as the
three last abdominal segments together, yellowish, with a black
basal spot on each side and with narrow black tip. Venter yellow,
unspotted. Legs entirely yellowish, unspotted; bristles of front
femora yellow; spur of middle tibiae dark yellowish. Wings (fig. 51)
with same neuration and pattern as in marginalis, but the small
cross-vein distinctly more oblique.
TERELLIA, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
There are two South African species before me, one of which has
banded wings, and thus belongs to the subgenus Sitarea, R.-D.,
the other with unspotted wings, and thus a Terellia, s. str. They are
as follows :—
1. (2) Wings with two dark bands and with some isolated fuscous spots ; scutellum
black spotted ; ‘ : . taeniaptera, sp. nov.
2. (1) Wings hyaline, quite avignmtcede soutellurn are potted planiscutellata, Beck.
Terellia taeniaptera, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 52.)
Allied with hysia, Walker, from Sierra Leone, but distinct by the
very different wing-pattern, which is somewhat like that of the
Kuropean species ruficauda, Fabr., and winthemi, Meig.
One specimen from Pretoria, August 1916 (H. K. Munro); but the
species is known also from East Africa and even from Madagascar.
$. Length of body and wing, 4 mm. Head entirely yellowish.
Occiput opaque, with two broad black spots above, united together
above the neck and prolonged in a point to reach the upper inner
corner of the eyes. Frons with a black ocellar dot, one and one-half
times longer than broad; lunula pale yellowish; face narrow,
whitish ; peristomialia unspotted, narrower than the third antennal
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 507
joint. Hyes ovate, bare. Antennae inserted at middle of eyes,
shorter than the face, entirely yellowish ; third joint rounded at end,
distinctly pubescent ; second joint rather prominent and black, spinu-
lose; arista bare. Palpi and proboscis yellowish. Cephalic bristles
yellowish, even the long and acute occipital ones ; oc. strong; two or
three or.; genal bristle strong; lower part of occiput with yellowish
bristly hairs. Thorax entirely blackish, with reddish humeri, noto-
pleural region, and root of wings; it is grey-dusted with yellowish
pubescence. Bristles yellowish ; scp. not distinct ; de. before the line
of the a.sa.; onempl.; pt.asstrongasthest. Scutellum triangular,
flattened above ; it is yellowish, with a broad, triangular black spot in
middle ; at sides there are four black spots at insertion of the four sct.,
the two apical being a little broader than the basal ones. Halteres pale
yellowish. Abdomen blackish, grey-dusted, with pale pubescence and
yellowish bristles ; hind border of all the segments distinctly yellowish,
and, moreover, the first segment with reddish sides; genitalia black,
concealed ; venter blackish grey, with reddish hind border of the
sternites. Legs short and stout, entirely yellowish, the hind femora
with a rather indistinct and incomplete dark ring before the end;
hairs pale, bristles yellowish, spur of middle tibiae dark yellowish.
Wings (fig. 52) with well-developed costal bristle. Veins yellowish,
but blackish on the dark parts; last portions of third and fourth
veins straight and parallel; small cross-vein beyond middle of dis-
coidal cell; hind cross-vein straight and perpendicular, its distance
from the small one being equal to its own length; lower angle of
anal cell acute, but not produced. The dark pattern consists of
two complete bands and some isolated spots. The first band goes
from the end of costal cell across the middle of first basal cell and base
of discal and third posterior cells to hind border in middle of axillary
lobe. The second band begins at end of marginal cell and goes
obliquely across middle of submarginal and first posterior cell to the
hind cross-vein and ends at hind border before the end of the third
posterior cell. Stigma yellowish, with a black spot at end. An
abbreviated band goes from end of stigma to the fourth longitudinal
vein, including the small cross-vein. The isolated dark spots are as
follows: one in the middle of the marginal cell, extending from
costa to the second vein; a broader one at end of submarginal cell
and of first posterior cell, forming a triangular patch, which is not
extended beyond the fourth vein and is narrowly united with the
external oblique band along the third vein ; two spots in the middle of
the second posterior cell, a smaller one above, near the fourth vein,
508 Annals of the South African Museum.
anda larger one below at hind border ; onein middle of third posterior
cell, in the shape of a short streak beginning at fifth vein. Along the
fore border of wing, the spots at end of second costal cell, at end of
stigma, at middle and at end of marginal cell, are blacker, and
thus more striking than the other dark markings.
Terellia planiscutellata, Becker, 1903, var. australis, ae. nov.
(PIRXGNE hige 3a)
A readily recognisable species on account of its quite unspotted,
milky wings.
Some female specimens from Barberton and Pretoria (H. K. Munro).
I have compared them with paratypes of the type species from Egypt.
This South African variety differs from the Egyptian form in being
of a distinctly greater size (3-5-4 mm. in length), and in having a
more yellowish, nearly golden pubescence on back of mesonotum,
scutellum, and abdomen. Costal bristle well developed; stigma
yellowish; last portions of third and fourth veins straight and parallel;
hind cross-vein a little curved, its distance from the small one greater
than in. planiscutellata, being equal to or even a little more than
its own length (fig. 53).
RHYNCHOEDASPIS, gen. nov.
This is the first representative of the Oedaspis-group in South Africa,
and is distinct from its allies by the form of head and of proboscis,
which are similar to those observed in the genus Gonyglossum; that
is, depressed head, very prominent mouth border, and very long
bent proboscis.
Head more narrow than the thorax, depressed above, obliquely
prominent forwards, in front view higher than broad. Occiput
distinctly concave above and little prominent below, with undeveloped
lateral swellings. Frons very long and narrow, twice as long as
broad, with parallel sides, not prominent in profile except a little above
root of antennae; lunula broad, long, and free; frontal stripe bare.
Face narrow, only one-half as long as the frons, with a sharp middle
keel and with very prominent mouth border, which is hollowed in
the middle above. Parafacialia and peristomialia linear. Hyes
bare, narrow, twice as high as broad, placed obliquely. Antennae
inserted distinctly below the middle of eyes, as long as the face ;
third joint rather narrow, twice as long as the second, rather curved
forward at end, but not pointed; arista bare. Palpi broadened at
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 509
end, with some bristly hairs. Proboscis long, bicubitate, with the
basal portion a little longer than the already long lower border of
head, the terminal portion a little shorter. Ocp. four or five,
very long and white, but acute ; pvt. parallel and white like the outer
vt., only the longer inner vt. being black; sc. black, thin, distant
from each other at base; twos. or.; three strong and equidistant
i. or. Thorax as long as broad, flattened above, with broadly in-
terrupted suture, clothed on back and pleurae with long, tow-like
pubescence ; chaetotaxy normal; scp. not distinct ; dc. before the line
of a. sa.; one mpl.; pt. thinner than the st. Scutellum swollen,
rounded, shining black, quite bare, with four bristles. Abdomen elon-
gate, narrower than the thorax, with normal pubescence and with
short bristles at sides and at end; in the male there are four segments,
and the genitalia are concealed ; in the female the segments are five,
and the ovipositor is about as long as the entire abdomen. Legs
rather stout, front femora with the usual bristles below; middle
tibiae with one spur; hind tibiae with little developed posterior row.
Wings rather broad, with distinct costal bristle. Stigma short ;
second vein a little curved in the middle, like the last portion of
third and fourth, which are parallel; small cross-vein nearly
approximated to the hind one, which is a little curved but placed
perpendicularly ; anal cell acute below, but little prolonged. Wing-
pattern as in Cecidochares.
Type: the following new species.
Rhynchoedaspis munroana, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig: 55.)
A very distinct fly.
Some specimens from Barberton in May, and from Pretoria in
’ October (H. K. Munro).
32. Length of body and wing, 3-5-4 mm. ; of ovipositor, 1-5 mm.
Occiput black, clothed with dense grey dust above, whitish below
and there with white hairs. Frons with yellowish middle stripe and
with broad whitish sides ; lunula whitish. Face whitish; antennae
entirely yellowish, like the palpi; proboscis yellowish, with the basal
portion darkened below; the sides of the prominent mouth border
with short black hairs. Ocp., pvt., outer vt., and basal s. or. white ;
inner vt., oc., terminal s. or. and all thei. or. black. Thorax entirely
black, dark grey dusted on the back, white dusted on upper half of
pleurae and rather shining on lower half; the back and the upper
half of pleurae with whitish, tow-like pubescence. Scutellum, post-
510 Annals of the South African Museum.
scutellum, and mesophragma shining black. All the bristles black.
The rather large calypters are white and white fringed ; halteres pale
yellowish. Hind border of mesopleura with three white bristles below
the single black mpl. Abdomen of male quite shining black, that of
female a little grey dusted; pubescence and bristles black; venter
grey dusted; ovipositor black. Legs with black coxae and femora,
these latter with yellowish tips, which are broader on middle
pair; tibiae and tarsi entirely yellowish; hairs and bristles black.
Wings (fig. 55) with dark bands, the hyaline parts between them being
distinctly whitish; veins and costa blackish on the dark parts ;
yellowish on the whitish parts. There is a blackish spot at extreme
base on first costal cell; following this spot a complete basal band,
quite isolated from all the others, extending from end of second costal
cell and stigma to the hind border in the middle of the axillary lobe ;
this band is broader at fore border and goes across the extreme
base of the discoidal cell and across the ends of anal and second basal
cells. On the terminal half of wing there is a peculiar pattern, formed
by four dark bands, all radiating from the fore border; the first is
parallel with the basal one and goes from the fore to the hind border
in the middle of the third posterior cell ; the second extends along the
hind cross-vein and last portion of fifth vein; the third crosses
the base of first posterior and the middle of second posterior cell; the
fourth goes along the fore border to below the end of fourth vein. The
terminal half of wing may thus be described as black with three hyaline
indentations at hind border, the distal of which reaches into the
submarginal cell, the middle one to the third vein just along the small
cross-vein, and the shorter proximal one extends a little into the
terminal part of the discoidal cell. Stigma black, with the external
upper corner yellowish.
MUNROELLA, gen. nov.
This new genus seems to be allied with Spheniscomyia, being
distinguished by the prominent mouth border, by the geniculate
proboscis, and by both the cross-veins being placed on the same line.
Head a little broader than the thorax, in front view broader than
high. Occiput flattened above, without distinct lower swellings.
Frons rather broad, not prominent in profile. Face narrow, with a
sharp middle keel and with prominent mouth border; peristomialia
linear. Eyes bare, rounded; antennae shorter than the face,
inserted at middle of eyes ; third joint with the upper terminal corner
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 511
a little prominent, but not pointed; arista bare. Palpi normal ;
proboscis shortly geniculate. Ocp. short and black; no oc.; two
1. or.; frontal stripe bare. Thorax convex, shining black, as long as
broad, with the transverse suture broadly interrupted in the middle ;
chaetotaxy normal; dc. before the line of the a. sa.; scp. small but
distinct ; one mpl. Scutellum short, flattened above, with only the
basal pair of bristles. Abdomen a little broader than the thorax,
with four segments in the male and five in the female; ovipositor
as long as the four last abdominal segments together. Legs rather
long ; front femora with only two bristles below at end; hind tibiae
without posterior row. Wings long and narrow, with small costal
bristle ; stigma rather long, but normal. Second vein straight ; last
portions of third and fourth veins quite straight and parallel; small
cross-vein placed on same line with the hind one, both straight, and
placed perpendicularly ; lower angle of anal cell acute, but not actually
produced. Wing-pattern consisting of some narrow, parallel dark
bands.
Type: the following new species,
Munroella myropitina, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 56.)
A small, shining black fly, not unlike some species of the genus
Myiopttes.
Type 9, from Zululand, M’fongosi, May 1916 (W. E. Jones) ;
numerous specimens of both sexes from Pretoria and Barberton,
January—May, on bushes of Lipmia asperifolia (H. K. Munro).
32. Length of body, 2-2°2 mm.; of wing, 2-°3-2-6 mm. Occiput
shining black, with dark hairs below. Frons yellowish, with whitish
ocellar triangle and with rather broad whitish borders. Face shining
yellowish. Antennae quite yellowish ; palpi and proboscis likewise
yellowish. Eyes in life dullfuscous. All the bristles black. Thorax
entirely shining black, with not very distinct blackish pubescence.
Scutellum shining black; all the bristles black. Calypters and halteres
whitish. Abdomen entirely shining black, with black pubescence,
and with short, black bristly hairs at end; ovipositor shining black.
Legs with black coxae and femora; tips of these latter, tibiae, and
tarsi yellowish, but the hind tibiae black on the basal half; hairs
black. Wings (fig. 56) whitish hyaline, iridescent, with pale yellowish
veins, which are blackish on the narrow dark bands ; stigma yellowish
hyaline, with only the extreme corner very narrowly fuscous. . The
512 Annals of the South African Museum.
dark bands are not much infuscated, and are all equally narrow ;
the first begins at fore border, just before the stigma, and ends a little
below the anal cell; the second begins at end of stigma, and goes
obliquely to the hind border, reaching it in middle of third posterior
cell; the third is straighter, begins at fore border at end of
marginal cell, and passing over the two cross-veins ends at hind border
at end of fifth vein. There is, moreover, a narrow terminal spot at
end of first posterior cell, prolonged above into the lower corner of
submarginal cell.
Actura, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
In the present genus, as it is here limited, are included only species
with typical wing-pattern ; that is, with two hyaline indentations at
fore border and with three at hind border; the remaining species
are transferred to Spheniscomyia. The former are as follows :—
1. (8) All the bristles of the occipital border whitish.
2. (5) Scutellum with four bristles; halteres black; wings with a costal black
stripe at base before the stigma.
3. (4) Femora for the most part black ; ovipositor longer than the abdomen
tetrachaeta, Bezzi.
4. (3) Femora and coxae entirely reddish ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen
haematopoda, var. nov.
5. (2) Scutellum with two bristles only ; halteres whitish.
6. (7) Wings quite cuneiform at base, and there with an isolated oblique black -
band . : ‘ ‘ . angusta, Loew.
~I
. (6) Wings of usual shape at base, and there with a marginal black stripe.
oborinia, Walk.
8. (1) All the bristles of the occipital border black; four sct.; halteres black ;
wings with a complete costal stripe at base. . nagriseta, Sp. NOV
Aciura tetrachaeta, Bezzi, 1918.
(RISC tobi)
This species, originally described from N.W. Rhodesia, seems to be
common in South Africa. Salisbury, May 1917 (R. W. Tucker) ;
Pretoria, Livingstone (M. Powell); Durban, August (C. v. d.
Merwe); Pretoria, Bloemfontein, March—June (H. K. Munro).
Aciura tetrachaeta haematopoda, var. nov.
About the same as the preceding, but distinct by the entirely
reddish legs and by the shorter ovipositor.
Type 3 and type 9, without other specimens, from Zululand,
M’fongosi, April 1917 (W. E. Jones).
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 513
3. Size, coloration, and wing-pattern exactly as in the preceding
species; antennae a little shorter. Coxae and femora entirely
reddish, only the hind tibiae blackish. Ovipositor not longer than the
abdomen.
Aciura angusta, Loew, 1861.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 60.)
Very distinct from all the other species on account of the peculiar
shape of wings and of the isolated black band in the hyaline base
of wing.
Natal, Durban, 1914 (W. Haygarth); EH. Transvaal, Komati
Poort, November 1918 (R. W. Tucker) ; Pretoria (H. K. Munro).
Aciura oborinia, Walker, 1849.
(Pl Xa figs 59))
Very well characterised by the broad oval hyaline spot in the first
posterior cell.
Natal, Port Shepstone, January 1913 (K. H. Barnard); Port St.
John, 1915 (Shortridge) ; Pretoria (H. K. Munro).
Aciura nigriseta, sp. Nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 58.)
Closely allied with tetrachaeta, but distinguished by the quite black
bristles of the occipital border and by the more faintly dusted back
of mesonotum.
Some specimens from Barberton and from Pretoria (H. K. Munro).
39. Length of body, 4-4-5 mm.; of wing, 45-5 mm.; of ovi-
positor,3mm. Head, its appendages and chaetotaxy as in tetrachaeta,
but all the bristles of the occipital border—that is, ocp., vt., and pvt.
—quite black. Thorax, scutellum, halteres, abdomen, ovipositor, and
legs as in tetrachaeta, but the back of mesonotum distinctly more
shining. Wings (fig. 58) with the same pattern; the costal basal
stripe broadly united with the stigma; the external of the two
hyaline indentations of fore border usually extending into the base
of the first posterior cell.
SPHENISCOMYIA, Bezzi, 1913.
In the present genus are now placed smallish species which have not
the typical wing-pattern of Aciwra; they have four or very often
34
514 Annals of the South African Museum.
only two sct. and have usually black ocp. ; but there are some species
with whitish ocp., and these belong probably to the genus Meta-
sphenisca, Hendel, 1914.
The following species are at present known from South Africa :—
1. (14) All the bristles of the occipital border black.
. (7) Scutellum with four bristles.
3. (4) Wings with but a single hyaline indentation at fore border
sexamaculata, Macq.
4. (3) Wings with two hyaline indentations at fore border, one approximated
to the other.
6) Wings with three rounded hyaline spots in the middle ternaria, Loew.
5) No hyaline spots in the middle of wings . ; ; capensis, Rond.
2) Scutellum with two bristles only.
9) Halteres black ; wings with only one hyaline indentation at fore border
and with two only at hind border, and with the extreme base black
compacta, Sp. NOV.
9. (8) Halteres whitish ; wings with hyaline base, with two hyaline indentations
at fore border, and with four or more at hind border.
10. (11) Fore border of wings with two regular hyaline indentations ; one hyaline
spot into the base of discoidal cell : é é . neaver, Bezzi.
11. (10) Fore border with two irregular hyaline spots; one spot in the discoidal
and another in the first posterior cell.
12. (13) Within the hyaline hind border of wing there is but a single fuscous ray
reaching the hind margin . . : : . binaria, Loew.
13. (12) There are two complete fuscous rays at hind border of wing
binaria, variety.
14. (1) Bristles of the occipital border whitish; scutellum with two bristles
only ; wing-base always hyaline.
15. (16) Femora black; second hyaline indentation of fore border of wing much
eo SGP Sx
(
(
(
(
smaller than the first one . c : : quaternaria, sp. Nov.
16. (15) Femora quite orange; second hyaline indentation about as long as the
first 5 - 5 : : . . . quinaria, sp. nov.
Spheniscomyia sexmaculata, Macquart, 1843.
(BE XU ior i613)
Zululand, M’fongosi, April 1917 (W. E. Jones); E. Transvaal,
Komati Poort, November 1918 (R. W. Tucker); Mafa, Ovamboland,
S.W. Africa, February 1921 (K. H. Barnard) ; Andoni, Ovamboland,
March 1923 (K. H. Barnard); Barberton, August, and East London,
June (H. K. Munro).
Spheniscomyia ternaria, Loew, 1861.
Described from Caffraria, but not seen subsequently.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 515
Spheniscomyra capensis, Rondani, 1863.
Described from Cape, but not found subsequently.
Spheniscomyia compacta, sp. nov.
(ER OXGntiees62)3)
A very peculiar, shining black, stout species, which shows a very
characteristic wing-pattern.
Type 2, 8. Rhodesia, Salisbury, May 1917 (R. W. Tucker) ; type 9,
Barberton, 5th May 1913 (H. K. Munro).
39. Length of body, 2-5-2-8 mm.; of wing, 2-7-3 mm.; of
ovipositor, 1 mm. Occiput entirely black. Frons only a little
longer than broad, reddish, with blackish ocellar dot and with
paler sides; the large lunula is reddish, with whitish reflexions.
Antennae entirely reddish, only a little shorter than the face.
Face, parafacialia, and peristomialia reddish, the latter unspotted, as
broad as the third antennal joint; mouth border not prominent.
Palpi reddish, with short black bristles; proboscis dirty brownish.
All the cephalic bristles black, even those of occipital border; three
1.or. Thorax short, about as broad as long, quite shining black; on
the back there is no distinguishable dust, and the short pubescence
is black ; all the bristles are likewise black; scp. not distinct; de. on
the line of the a. sa.; two mpl.; pt. and st. rather strong. Scutellum
with only the b. sct.; it is shining black, flat above, one-half as long
as the back. Halteres quite black. Abdomen shining black, with
black pubescence and black bristles ; ovipositor shining black, as long
as the abdomen, or even longer when the terminal segments are
exserted. Legs black, with yellowish tibiae and paler tarsi; hind
tibiae more or less, or even entirely black; front femora with a
row of four or five black bristles below. Wings (fig. 62) long, with
small or indistinct costal bristle; both the cross-veins perpendicular,
straight, and approached together, the distance between them being
only a little longer than the small cross-vein. They are entirely
blackish to the extreme base, with the following whitish hyaline
markings, which are broader in the female than in the male: a
small rectangular spot in the middle of the second costal cell; a single
indentation at fore border, just after the stigma, in the shape of
a short triangle, with the vertex a little below the second vein; three
spots in the middle, one in the base of first posterior cell, and two in
the discoidal cell, one at base and the other placed more obliquely
near the end; there is, moreover, a fourth spot in the second basal
516 Annals of the South African Museum.
cell. At hind border there are only two indentations, one in the
second posterior cell and one in the middle of the third posterior
cell, this last ending at fifth vein; these two indentations are much
broader in the female than in the male; moreover, the base of the
axillary lobe and the anterior part of the alula are also hyaline,
forming thus a third indentation.
Spheniscomyia neaver, Bezzi, 1920.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 63.)
One male of this very distinct species from 8. Rhodesia, Salisbury
(D. Dodds).
Spheniscomyia binaria, Loew, 1861.
(Pl. XIII, figs. 64 and 65.)
Some specimens from Pretoria (H. K. Munro). This species
shows two distinct types of wing-pattern. The typical form has only
one complete fuscous ray at hind border of wing, as is to be seen in
fig. 64; in the variety, as shown in fig. 65, there is a second complete
dark ray at hind border; this ray is the more or less developed
prolongation of the dark tooth in the middle of third posterior cell,
well shown even in Loew’s original figure. Even the terminal wing-
pattern is somewhat different in the two forms. But I refrain from
naming the variety, because it seems to be due to sexual dimor-
phism, the supernumerary fuscous ray of hind border being developed
mostly in female specimens only.
Spheniscomyia quaternaria, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 67.)
Distinguished from all the preceding species on account of its
whitish occipital bristles. Numerous specimens of both sexes from
Pretoria and Barberton (H. K. Munro).
3. Length of body, 2-2-5 mm.; of wing, 2:4-2-8 mm.; of ovi-
positor, 0-5-0-6 mm. Occiput black, grey dusted. Frons reddish,
with dark ocellar area, pale yellowish sides and lunula. Face pale
yellowish ; peristomialia whitish, unspotted, not quite as broad as
the third antennal joint ; mouth border more prominent than in the
allied species. Antennae entirely reddish ; third joint a little shorter
than the face, attenuated at end and prominent but not pointed ;
arista short, bare, thickened basally. Palpi and proboscis yellowish,
the latter short and thick. All the cephalic bristles yellowish, those
of the occipital border whitish, the long outer vt. darkened; only
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 517
two i. or. Thorax shining black, but clothed on the back with
rather dense grey dust and with pale pubescence; all the bristles
yellowish ; no distinct scp.; dc. a little before the line of a. sa.
Scutellum shining black, less dusted than the back, rather convex
above, with only the basal sct. Calypters white; halteres pale
yellowish. Abdomen shining black, more or less grey dusted, with
pale pubescence ; ovipositor shining black, pale pubescent, as long
as the three last abdominal segments. Femora black, with yellowish
end; tibiae and tarsi yellowish; front femora with only two long,
yellowish bristles below on terminal half. Wings long (fig. 67) and
narrow, with blackish veins, which are pale yellowish at base ; costal
bristle short ; cross-veins rather distant, the distance between them
being about twice as long as the small cross-vein; last portions
of third and fourth veins straight and parallel. They are broadly
hyaline at base, from the root to the stigma ; within the blackish part
there are the following hyaline indentations and spots: two at fore
border beyond the stigma, the first with the point at third vein, the
second reduced to a simple spot ending at second vein; two hyaline
rounded spots in the base of the first posterior cell, more or less
completely separated from the two hyaline indentations of the second
posterior cell; likewise two spots of greater size in the discoidal cell,
more or less separated from the indentations of the third posterior
cell. Base of axillary lobe and alula whitish hyaline. The hind
border of the wing has therefore four irregular indentations, and may
be described as hyaline, with four complete fuscous rays, besides the
fuscous apex.
Spheniscomyia quinaria, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 66.)
Some specimens of both sexes from Pretoria, on the plant Lippia
aspertfolia (H. K. Munro).
32. Same size as the preceding species, and almost identical with
it, but certainly distinct by the following characters : (a) The mouth
border is less prominent ; (b) the front coxae and all the femora are
entirely orange, without any trace of black; (c) the second hyaline
indentation of fore border is more distant from, and about as long
as the first, being prolonged beyond the second vein to reach with
its lower point the third longitudinal vein; but these two points of
both the indentations may be sometimes separated from the spots
of the marginal cell, forming thus two isolated hyaline spots in the
submarginal cell (fig. 66).
518 Annals of the South African Museum.
TEPHRELLA, Bezzi, 1913.
In the present genus are provisionally placed the species with four
sct. and with white ocp., which have a densely grey dusted back of
mesonotum, the de. nearer the line of the a. sa. than to the trans-
verse suture, and an Aciura—or Spheniscomyia—pattern of wings, with
no hyaline apical spot. They are very close to species of Spathulina,
making thus a connecting-link between Ceratitinae and Trypa-
neinae. In case the present species should be separated from the
typical ones of the Oriental region (which have only two sct.), the
name Metasphenisca, Hendel, 1914, may be used for them; the type
species gracilipes, Loew, is indeed the same as my Tephrella Cyeep ies
1908.
The South African species are as follows :—
1. (2) Second posterior cell quite hyaline, with an isolated fuscous spot at hind
border; femora black; wing-pattern of male very different from that
of female : : ; ‘ dispar, sp. nov.
. (1) Second posterior cell anfnncated: ith ane ‘deal hyaline indentations ; femora
orange ; both sexes with the same wing-pattern . distigma, sp. nov.
Tephrella dispar, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIV, figs. 69 and 70.)
Distinct from the allied species by the black femora and by the
wing-pattern being very different in the two sexes (a unique case in
the genus).
Several specimens of both sexes from Pretoria (H. K. Munro).
39. Length of body, 3-2-3-6 mm.; of wing, 3-2-3-6 mm.; of
ovipositor, 0-6 mm. Occiput black, densely grey dusted, with a
narrow complete yellowish border to the eyes. Frons broad and short,
scarcely longer than broad, opaque yellowish with greyish sides
and lunula, and with darkened ocellar area. Face short, yellowish
grey, with distinct middle keel and with a little prominent mouth
border; parafacialia and peristomialia paler, the latter unspotted
and narrower than the third antennal joint. Eyes in life lght
green, with purplish or reddish reflections. Antennae considerably
shorter than the face, entirely yellowish, with obtuse third joint
and bare arista. Palpi whitish, with stout black bristles ; proboscis
short, dirty yellowish. Ocp. and pvt. white, long, acute; vt., oc., and
two or three or., all blackish. Thorax black, densely grey dusted,
opaque, clothed with short yellowish pubescence on the back; all
the bristles black ; no distinct scp.; dc. on the line of a. sa.; only
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 519
one mpl. Scutellum triangular, flattened above, grey dusted, bare,
with four black bristles, the apical ones long, strong, and decussate.
Mesophragma densely grey dusted, opaque. Calypters white ;
halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen entirely black, opaque on account
of the dark grey dust; the short pubescence is black, but
that of sides is yellowish, like the bristly hairs. Male genitalia
rounded, black; ovipositor shining black, as long as the three last
abdominal segments. Coxae and femora black, grey dusted ; tips of
femora yellowish, especially middle pair; tibiae and tarsi entirely
yellowish; front femora below with a row of five to six long
blackish bristles. Wings of female (fig. 70) with a more typical
pattern; they are blackish, with broad hyaline base, with two
broad rectangular (not triangular) hyaline indentations of fore
border extended to the third vein, and with two very broad
hyaline indentations of hind border, the external of which,
occupying the whole of the second posterior cell, extending above
into the first posterior cell, and bearing a fuscous isolated spot
in middle of second posterior cell, which is to be considered as the
rest of the dividing streak of the two normal indentations of this
cell; the second, or internal hyaline indentation, extends above the
middle of the discoidal cell. Stigma deep black, with the upper
external corner narrowly yellow; axillary lobe hyaline, with a
fuscous middle patch in continuation of the basal dark band. In
the male (fig. 69) the pattern is very different at fore border, because
there is no division between the hyaline base and the two hyaline
indentations, which are all fused together to form one broad hyaline
patch, extending from the base to a little before end of marginal
cell; the stigma is yellow, with a black rounded basal spot. The
two broad hyaline indentations of hind border are much as in the
female, but the isolated fuscous spot in the second posterior cell is
shorter, and the axillary lobe has only a fuscous spot above.
Costal bristle well developed ; distance of cross-veins a little shorter
than the length of the hind cross-vein ; third vein bare; lower angle
of anal cell acute, but little produced.
Tephrella distigma, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 68.)
Distinct from all the other species on account of the presence of
two rounded hyaline spots in the otherwise entirely black discoidal
cell. Type 3g and type 2 from S. Rhodesia, Salisbury, May 1917
(R. W. Tucker).
520 Annals of the South African Museum.
$2. Length of body, 3-2-3-5 mm.; of wing, 3-3-3-6 mm.; of
ovipositor, 1 mm. Occiput black, opaque, densely grey dusted.
Frons narrow, twice as long as broad, opaque yellowish with paler
sides. Face pale yellowish; the narrow peristomialia whitish ;
mouth border a little prominent. Antennae about as long as the
face, entirely yellowish, with the third joint rounded at end and with
bare arista. Palpi and proboscis yellowish, the latter very short.
Ocp. whitish ; frontal bristles yellowish ; three i. or. Thorax entirely
black; on the back it is clothed with dense, opaque grey dust, and
with pale yellowish pubescence; the pleurae are less densely dusted,
but are always opapue; all the bristles are yellowish; dc. on line
of a. sa.; one mpl. Scutellum like back, but less densely dusted,
with four yellowish bristles, the apical ones being only a little
shorter. Mesophragma lke scutellum. Calypters white; halteres
pale yellowish. Abdomen shining black, with faint dust and with
thin yellowish pubescence; male genitalia black; ovipositor shining
black, a little shorter than the abdomen. Legs entirely reddish,
even the coxae; bristles and hairs yellowish. Wings (fig. 68) elon-
gate, with small costal bristle; third vein bare; third and fourth
veins straight and parallel; distance of the cross-veins a little
shorter than the length of the hind cross-vein. Stigma deep black,
with a very small yellowish point at upper external corner. Wings
blackish, with the following hyaline parts: the base to the stigma
and to a little before the anal cross-vein; two equal triangular
indentations at fore border with the apex at third vein; two rounded
spots in the blackish discoidal cell ; four paired indentations at hind
border, two into the second posterior cell, the external of which is
prolonged above to reach the third vein, while the internal stops at
fourth vein, and two into the third posterior cell, both stopping at
fifth vein without entering into the ‘discoidal cell, the internal one
twice as broad as the external.
Note.—The present species seems to be like Spheniscomyia ternaria,
Loew, but is distinct in having no rounded hyaline spot in the base
of the first posterior cell, and in having the external posterior inden-
tation extended into the first posterior cell; moreover, the ocp. are
whitish instead of being black.
SUBFAMILY RHABDOCHAETINAE.
This subfamily is separated from that of the Schistopterinae on
account of the presence of poc. and of the whitish and obtuse ocp. ;
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 521
moreover, it is characterised by the subulate third antennal joint
and by the distinct costal nick of the wings. In the character of the
wing-pattern it is related to the Trypaneinae, having, however,
strikingly coloured “ bullae,” peculiar to the group. While the true
Schistopterinae have at present not been found either in South Africa
or in the Oriental region, the Rhabdochaetinae are represented by
all the known genera (one of which, Rhabdochaeta, is also Oriental),
as follows :—
1. (2) Wings broad and rounded, with bristly first and third longitudinal veins,
with the hind cross-vein placed very obliquely and with the anal cell
drawn out in a rather long point ; no poc. : . Perirhithrum, Bezzi.
2. (1) Wings of normal shape, with bare veins, with the hind cross-vein regular
-and with the lower angle of anal cell not so produced ; poc. always present.
3. (4) Costal nick less developed; a black spot between antennae and eyes ;
wings with close reticulation and paler apex . Eutretosoma, Hendel.
4, (3) Costal nick well developed; no black spot near the eyes; wings with
radiating streaks and less distinct reticulation.
5. (6) Only two i. or.; scutellum with two or with four bristles; thorax and
abdomen normally haired é , : . Rhabdochaeta, De Meij.
6. (5) Two to fouri. or. ; six sct.; thorax and abdomen with peculiar, erect bristly
hairs . : 3 : : : ; : Rhochmopterum, Speis.
PERIRHITHRUM, Bezzi, 1920.
A very peculiar and magnificent South African genus, which shows
some aberrant characters.
Perirhithrum marshalli, Bezzi, 1920.
(RIE AXEV A) figs 37)
Originally described from Natal. I have seen another specimen
from Transvaal, from which the present fig. 137 is made, showing
the peculiar characters much better than the original photograph
of my paper of 1920.
Eutretosoma, Hendel, 1914.
The present genus is now recognised as belonging to the Rhabdo-
chaetinae, with the separation of some heterogeneous elements
(bipunctatum, Loew, and frauenfeldi, Schin.), which are removed to
the new genus Afreutreta of the Trypaneinae. There are the following
South African species :—
1. (4) Very dark or even black species, with black halteres and mainly black legs ;
wings more intensively infuscated.
522 Annals of the South African Museum.
2. (3) Tibiae black, with a whitish band ; tarsiin part black . polygramma, Walk.
3. (2) Tibiae and tarsi entirely pale yellowish . woodi, Bezzi.
4. (1) Pale reddish species, with whitish halteres, and mainly yellowish legs ;
wings paler . 3 : : : 6 : 6 marshalli, Bezzi.
Eutretosoma polygramma, Walker, 1861.
Described from Natal, but not seen subsequently.
Eutretosoma woodi, Bezzi.
(Pl. XV, fig. 134.)
Very distinct on account of the dark coloration of body, legs,
and wings.
Described from Nyasaland in British Museum. I have seen some
specimens from Pretoria and Barberton, October and November 1923
(H. K. Munro).
Eutretosoma marshalli, Bezzi.
(Pl. XV, fig. 133.)
A very pale species, described from Natal in my general paper of
1924 on Ethiopian Trypaneidae.
RHABDOCHAETA, De Meijere, 1904.
Only the following species is known from South Africa :—
Rhabdochaeta marshalli, Bezzi.
(Pl XV, fig-135:)
Distinct from all known species on account of its more robust
size, the predominant reddish colour of body, and the very peculiar
wing-pattern (fig. 135).
Described by me in my general paper of 1924 as another of the
numerous and important discoveries made in South Africa in 1905
by Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall, Director of the Imperial Bureau of
Entomology, London.
RHOCHMOPTERUM, Speiser, 1910.
The present genus is doubtfully distinct from the preceding one ;
it contains at present two peculiarly coloured species, one of which
is described here from South Africa for the first time.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 523
Rhochmopterum munrot, sp. nov.
(PIXE toe362)
Closely allied with the type species neuropteripenne, Speiser, from
Kilimandjaro, but distinct in having the small cross-vein well
developed and adorned with only two (not four) white spots at sides,
and in having one horn-like orbital bristle.
Some specimens of both sexes from Pretoria in June, and from
East London (H. K. Munro).
69. Length of body and wing, 2-2-5 mm. ; of ovipositor, 0-6-0-8
mm. Occiput yellowish, with opaque grey dust, and with a black
spot in the middle above the neck. Frons about as broad as long,
opaque yellowish, infuscated towards the vertex, and with very
narrow white orbits; lunula yellowish; a small black dot between
the eyes and the root of antennae. Antennae entirely yellowish, as
long as the face; third joint very subulate, with a thin, acute point,
concave at upper border; arista with a thick yellowish base, but
whitish on the rest, bare. Face and peristomialia whitish, unspotted ;
mouth border rather prominent. Palpi longer than the mouth,
pale yellowish; proboscis short and thick. Ocp. white; inner vt.
short and thick, dark yellowish; oc. and poc. whitish, parallel,
widely separated ; three or four 1. or., the first of which is black and
very thickened, horn-like, while the others are of normal size and
dark yellowish in colour. Thorax black on the back, with yellowish
humeri and with broad yellowish notopleural stripe; it is densely
clothed with opaque, dark grey dust, and shows small black spots
at insertion of bristles; mesopleurae yellowish, with a black patch
in the middle; sternopleurae black. The chaetotaxy is regular,
but besides the usual bristles, which are yellowish with blackish
base, there are several erect, whitish, supernumerary bristles, one of
which looks like a regular praesutural de. Scutellum yellowish, with
long dark yellowish b. sct. inserted on dark spots, and with two pairs
of smaller whitish bristles, the apical ones decussate. Calypters and
halteres pale yellowish ; mesophragma black, grey dusted. Abdomen
entirely yellow, with two rows of dark spots along the middle, and
with the last segment shining black in both sexes; male genitalia
black ; ovipositor a little shorter than the abdomen, shining black,
but dark reddish across the middle. The abdominal segments bear
at hind border peculiar, erect, whitish bristles. Legs entirely yellowish,
but the four posterior femora with two black spots on the underside,
forming incomplete basal and subapical rings; the four posterior
524 Annals of the South African Museum.
tibiae with a small black ring at base ; front femora below with four
yellowish bristles, and one or two black ones at end. Wings (fig. 136)
with deep costal nick, and with double costal bristle; venation of
the normal type of Rhabdochaeta. They are hyaline, with colourless
stigma, which is, however, narrowly black at both ends. The
pattern forms a broad reticulation, with long radiating streaks at
border; in the middle it is yellowish brown, with two white dots,
one before and one behind the small cross-vein, and these two dots
are very striking, being bordered with black; there are, moreover,
the usual reddish “ bullae.” In the marginal cell there are two
narrow black streaks and another, very characteristic and abbreviated,
just beyond the stigma; submarginal cell with three streaks, one
basal, one middle, and one terminal, this last being interrupted at
base ; first posterior cell with a black isolated streak in the middle
at end; second posterior cell with three interrupted streaks at hind
border ; discoidal, third posterior, and axillary cells with a few very
broad and uncertain hyaline spots, which are surrounded by fuscous.
Second costal cell with a perpendicular black streak in the middle.
SuBFAMILY TRYPANEINAKH.
This subfamily is abundantly represented in South Africa; a
thing of great importance, because it 1s very scarce, or even almost
entirely wanting, in the centre of the Continent. .
The genera are at present not well established, being usually based
on uncertain characters of the wing-pattern. They are as follows :-—
1. (2) Wings with Actura-like wing-pattern, that is, with hyaline indentations
at fore and at hind border, and without hyaline spot at end of pas
posterior cell . : é : : Tephrella, Bezzi, p. p.*
(1) Wings with a different nate more or less reticulate and typically with
bo
hyaline spot at extreme end of first posterior cell.
3. (4) Head much broader than high, considerably flattened and with narrow
eyes placed horizontally ; wings practically entirely black
Platomma, gen. nov.
4, (3) Head not so shaped, and with rounded eyes; wings with a variegated
pattern.
5. (6) Wings very narrow and long, with parallel sides, almost truncate at end,
and with obtuse anal cell; ocp. in part black . Hlaphromyia, Big.
6. (5) Wings of regular shape or even sometimes rather broad and rounded,
with the lower angle of anal cell acute even if very little produced ;
ocp. quite whitish.
* This genus is repeated here for convenience, but it is placed among the
Ceratitinae.
co
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
28.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 525
(8) Wings rather widened, with numerous and minute hyaline or subhyaline
dots on the disc, but not definitely reticulated ; frons or face typically
with black spots ; : ‘ . Afreutreta, Bezzi.
(7) Wings not widened, pattern Stherwiss or if widened they are reticulate ;
frons and face not black spotted.
. (16) Wings with the black pattern more extensive than the hyaline one, the
discal hyaline spots being very few in number, and thus the wing not
appearing reticulate.
. (11) Wings with the black pattern distinctly radiating at apex and along the
hind border ; proboscis short and not geniculate. Euaresta, Loew.
0) Wing-pattern not distinctly radiating.
3) Proboscis short and simple ; wings rather broad . Pliomelaena, Bezzi.
(1
(1
. (12) Proboscis distinctly geniculate ; wings of usual shape.
(
15) Proboscis shorter than the head, with its basal portion longer than the
terminal one . 3 . WSpathulina, Rond.
. (14) Proboscis longer than ine head! with its terminal portion as long as, or
longer than, the basal one . ; y . LEnsina, R.-D., p. p.
(9) Wings with the hyaline parts more Senne than the black ones, or
appearing reticulate owing to the numerous and broad hyaline discal
spots, or having a complete dark band in the middle, or being longi-
tudinally dimidiate, or having a star-shaped terminal pattern.
. (18) Wings in the middle with a complete dark band, which includes the rather
approximate cross-veins ; proboscis geniculate. Sphenella, R.-D.
. (17) Wings without such a pattern and with more distant cross-veins.
. (20) Head depressed, considerably longer than high, with very narrow peri-
stomialia ; if head not so depressed, the proboscis is very long and
geniculate, its terminal part being as long as, or longer than, the lower
border of head. . : : ; Ensina, R.-D.
(19) Head not so depressed, and proboscis asually short and simple; if
the proboscis is geniculate, its terminal part is shorter than the
basal one.
(26) Wings with a definitely reticulate pattern, extending over all or almost all
their surface.
(25) Frons flat, and not at all, or little, produced above ; ovipositor flat.
(24) Frons of usual breadth ; antennae rather approximate ; wings not at all
widened, with the stigma unicolorous or with no more than one hyaline
spot : : : : : ; : : . Euribia, Meig.
(23) Frons very broad; antennae broadly separated; wings distinctly
widened, usually with short, radiating, marginal streaks, and with a
bimaculate stigma. : . Campiglossa, Rond.
. (22) Frons convex and pidiinent, anovel 9 ovipositor conical
Camaromyia, Hend.
. (21) Wing-pattern not extended over the greater part of surface, but either
the hind or the basal part is quite hyaline or very faintly reticulated.
. (28) Wings longitudinally dimidiate ; that is, black or black spotted on fore
half, and hyaline or faintly reticulate on hind half, with no radiating
streaks at end . : 6 : : Acanthiophilus, Beck.
(27) Wings with a star-shaped pattern on the terminal half, or at least with
the pattern radiating toward the apex of wing . Trypanea, Schrank.
526 Annals of the South African Museum.
PLATOMMA, gen. nov.
This new genus is erected here for Trypeta lunifera of Loew, a
species which was indicated by its author as being very different
from all the others, and as having no allies in the Ethiopian fauna ;
it is, however, evidently related with the genus Afreutreta, being very
distinct from it as well as from all the others on account of the
very peculiar shape of head. Its type of wing-pattern is also
unique among Ethiopian Trypaneids.
Head very compressed, with the eyes placed almost horizontally,
their longitudinal diameter being about parallel with the frons; in
front view the head is more than twice as broad as high. Occiput
concave, with its upper border very sharp, the head being very close
to the prothorax; ocelli very near the vertical keel. Frons a little
concave, with parallel sides, twice as long as broad, not at all
prominent in profile; lunula broad, rounded, free. Face very short,
only one-half of the length of frons; peristomialia narrow; mouth
border considerably prominent. Antennae short, but extending to
the mouth border; third joint obtuse at end; arista bare; mouth
opening exceedingly broad and rounded; palpi short; proboscis
very short. Ocp. whitish and thick, obtuse; oc. short ; two or three
or. Thorax flat, about as broad as long, with the transverse suture
broadly interrupted in the middle ; chaetotaxy apparently complete ;
de. before the line of a. sa., very near the suture. Scutellum about ©
one-half the length of back, triangular, flat above, with four bristles.
Abdomen of female with five segments, and with flat, rather long
ovipositor. Legs rather stout; front femora with the usual row of
bristles below ; middle tibiae with one spur. Wings short and broad,
with distinct costal bristle; stigma short; second vein straight ;
last portions of third and fourth veins gradually diverging; cross-
veins approximated ; lower angle of the anal cell acute, but little
produced ; third vein bare; axillary lobe normal. Pattern consisting
in a uniform infuscation of the whole wing, without hyaline spots
or indentations, with a whitish terminal lunate border.
Type: Trypeta lunifera, Loew, 1861.
Platomma luniferum, Loew, 1861.
(RIX DV e ies 7)
A strikingly characterised species, with very peculiar coloration of
body and wings. A single, rather badly preserved female specimen
from Otjiwarongo, South-West Africa, February 1920 (R. W. Tucker).
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 527
To Loew’s good original description may be added: Frontal
bristles yellowish ; occipital bristles yellowish ; halteres yellowish ;
venter entirely reddish; distance between the cross-veins about as
long as, or only a little longer than, the length of the small cross-
vein; stigma blacker than the surrounding parts; it is shorter
than the second costal cell, and about as long as the first costal
cell (ig. 71):
EvapuromyiA, Bigot, 1859.
Elaphromyia adatha, Walker, 1849.
(PISCE ti oani22)
A very peculiar species on account of the body coloration and of
the shape and pattern of wings (fig. 72).
A couple of specimens from Zululand, M’fongosi, March and May
(W. E. Jones); East London, July (H. K. Munro).
This singular species is widely spread over the Ethiopian region,
and seems to be the unique representative of its genus in Africa ;
but it shows a good deal of variation, and has thus received several
other names (melas, Big., and wula, Loew). Dr. G. Enderlein of
Berlin has recently placed this same species in his genus Mesanopin,
1912, among the Ortalids, in Stett. entom. Zeit., 1922, p. 6.
AFREUTRETA, Bezzi, 1924.
This name was proposed by me for the species previously placed
in Eutretosoma, this last genus belonging to the Schistopterinae, as
already stated.
The species have normal head, with perpendicular eyes; broad
frons, usually with black spots near the root of antennae; broad
or narrow peristomialia; not very broad mouth-opening; short
proboscis ; ocp. of the trypaneinine type. Thorax with interrupted
suture, complete chaetotaxy, with the dc. before the line of the a. sa. ;
scutellum flat, with four bristles. Abdomen and legs normal. Wings
more or less broad, with a broadened second basal cell, but sometimes
they are quite normal; they are black, with numerous and small
hyaline or subhyaline dots; third longitudinal vein bare; lower
angle of anal cell acute, but little produced.
All the species seems to be galligenous in their habits; they are
as follows :—
1. (4) Wings distinctly dilated, with broadened second basal cell; frons with
black spots at root of antennae.
528 Annals of the South African Museum.
2. (3) Wings with very numerous hyaline dots on the disc, and even with some
hyaline spots within the stigma : : frauenfeldi, Schin.
3. (2) Wings with only a few subhyaline dots, but with a broad, yellowish hyaline
patch near the middle ; stigma entirely black, unspotted ; abdomen red
discoidalis, sp. nov.
4. (1) Wings not dilated, with normal second basal cell.
5. (6) Frons with black spots near the antennae ; first posterior cell hyaline at end
bipunctata, Loew.
6. (5) Frons without black spots; first posterior cell black at end
biseriata, Bezzi.
Afreutreta frauenfeldi, Schiner, 1868.
Described from the Cape, but not seen subsequently.
Afreutreta discoidalis, sp. nov.
(BIS XUVestioen(i33)
A robust species with dilated wings, with red abdomen and with
very peculiar wing-pattern.
Some female specimens from East London, April-June, bred
from galls of the Composite plant Vernonia anisochaetoides (H. K.
Munro).
9. Length of body, 4-6-5 mm.; of the wing, 5-5-2 mm.; of
ovipositor, | mm. Head flattened in profile, higher than broad ;
occiput blackish above, yellowish below. Frons concave, only a_
little broader than long, not prominent in profile; it is brownish
yellow along the middle, paler at sides; lunula broad, rounded,
pale yellowish ; on each side of the antennae there is a rounded, deep
black spot. Face broad, concave, pale yellowish; mouth border a
little prominent ; peristomialia very broad, about as broad as the
length of third antennal joint, pale yellowish, unspotted. Antennae
inserted below the middle of the eyes, not extended to the mouth
border; third joint rounded at end; arista bare. Mouth opening
rather broad; palpi long and spathulate, pale yellowish; proboscis
short, thick, dirty yellowish. Ocp. whitish and thick; vt., oc., and
or. dark yellowish or blackish; three i. or. Thorax blackish brown,
with reddish humeri and root of wings; it is clothed with thick,
whitish, tow-like pubescence, which on the upper part of meso- and
pteropleura is tuft-like; bristles dark yellowish or blackish; de. very
nearthesuture; twoorthreempl. Scutellum flat, blunt at end, reddish
with blackish-brown base, with four bristles, but without tow-like
pubescence. Calypters and halteres reddish. Abdomen entirely red,
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 529
even on venter; on back there is an ill-defined darkish middle stripe
on the first four segments, the extreme base being, moreover, blackish ;
pubescence thin, not tow-like, reddish, longer at sides. Ovipositor
red, narrowly black at end, as long as the two last abdominal segments
together; male genitalia red. Legs rather short and stout, entirely
reddish even on the coxae; bristles of front femora dark reddish.
Wings (fig. 73) broad and rounded, but distinctly longer than
broad ; costal bristle very small; second vein short; last portions of
third and fourth veins gradually, but not much, diverging outwardly ;
second basal cell considerably dilated, subquadrate, about as broad
as the discoidal cell, which is proportionately short and almost rec-
tangular, being only a little broader at end than at base; small
cross-vein only a little beyond middle of discoidal cell, its distance
from the hind one being only a little longer than the length of the
straight and perpendicular hind cross-vein ; anal cell broad; with its
lower angle acute, but shorter than the second basal cell. Axillary
lobe broad. Stigma short, black, unspotted, about one-half as long
as the rather dilated second costal cell. The wings are entirely
and equally infuscated, with rounded, not very numerous or
striking subhyaline spots, extending across all the cells, except the
costal and marginal ones; moreover, there is a broad, rounded,
yellowish patch, which extends over the basal half of discoidal cell
and over the upper part of the third posterior cell; the fifth vein is
yellowish on the portion which runs precisely through the middle of
this peculiar patch. Even the dilated second basal cell and the anal
cell are a little yellowish.
Afreutreta bipunctata, Loew, 1861.
(BIE Xa) iiig 2745)
Some specimens of both sexes from East London, March, bred from
galls of the plant Brachylaena discolor (H. K. Munro).
To Loew’s description may be added: Three i. or.; oc. well
developed ; de. very near the suture; four mpl. in one row. Small
cross-vein beyond middle of discal cell, its distance from the hind
one about as long as the length of the hind cross-vein. The character-
istic wing-pattern was already well figured by Loew. The as yet
undescribed male is very lke the female and shows the same wing-
pattern (fig. 74). Abdomen very broad, with the terminal segment
one and one-half times as long as the preceding one, margined with
black bristles ; genitalia blackish, not visible from above.
DO i-<
19)
530 Annals of the South African Museum.
Afreutreta biseriata, Bezzi.
(TEL, QIN aia, 7653.)
Recently described by me from British Museum specimens, collected
in Natal by Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall.
EvareEsta, Loew, 1873.
Three South African species can be provisionally placed in the
present genus, as follows :—
1. (4) Scutellum with only two bristles. ‘
2. (3) Abdomen reddish yellow, with strikingly deep black terminal segment ;
discoidal and third posterior cells mainly hyaline . amplifrons, Bezzi.
3. (2) Abdomen blackish grey with reddish bands ; wings with the above-named
cells mainly dark, with hyaline spots. : . lunifrons, sp. nov.
4. (1) Scutellum with four bristles; abdomen blackish grey; wings with dark,
hyaline-spotted discoidal cell, but with mainly hyaline third posterior
celia . é : . . : : . planifrons, Loew.
Euaresta amplifrons, Bezzi, 1920.
(PEST, ties 76>)
A very characteristic fly on account of its peculiarly coloured
abdomen, and of its rather Trypanea-like wing-pattern (fig. 76).
Described from Natal.
Euaresta lunifrons, sp. nov.
(PL AY; fie. 7183)
Allied with the preceding species in having only two sct., but
different by the peculiar and more extended wing-pattern.
A single specimen from East London, June 1923 (H. K. Munro).
g. length of body, 355 mm.; of wing, 4 mm. Head entirely
yellowish, but the occiput with a black grey-dusted spot in the middle.
Frons opaque, with grey-dusted sides; it is as broad as one eye,
being a little longer than broad; lunula very broad, rounded, red-
dish. Face narrow above, yellowish, white dusted, like the linear
parafacialia and the narrow, unspotted peristomialia. Antennae
short, extending only a little beyond middle of face, entirely yellowish ;
third joint rounded at end, but with the upper external corner acute
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 531
and a little prominent; arista bare. The palpi, and the short and thick
proboscis are pale yellowish. Ocp., outer vt., and pvt. whitish ;
inner vt. and frontal bristles dark reddish; oc. rather short; three
1. or. Thorax black, but densely clothed with opaque grey dust,
yellowish along the notopleural line and on the pteropleura ; back of
mesonotum unspotted, with short, yellowish pubescence; pleurae
with longer yellowish hairs; all the bristles dark yellowish, in-
serted on small black dots; de. very near the suture; only one mpl.
Scutellum like back, with reddish hind border and with only the basal
pair of bristles, which are long, yellowish, with black base. Meso-
phragma black, grey dusted; calypters whitish; halteres pale
yellowish. Abdomen reddish, the second and third segment with
black grey-dusted base, and the fourth entirely black, grey dusted ;
pubescence yellowish and terminal bristles brownish; last segment
longer than the preceding one; genitalia small, reddish; venter
reddish, grey dusted. Legs entirely yellowish, even the coxae ; front
‘femora with a row of yellowish bristles below. Wings long and
proportionately narrow ; veins with pale yellowish base and dark
brown end; costal bristle well developed ; stigma elongate ; second,
third, and fourth veins straight, the two latter parallel in their terminal
portions, the third quite bare ; cross-veins approximated, the distance
between them being a little shorter than the perpendicular and
straight hind cross-vein; lower angle of anal cell acute, but not pro-
duced. The wings are brown, with hyaline base and with numerous
hyaline spots and indentations, thus appearing almost reticulate.
Stigma entirely brown, unspotted. Marginal cell with two broad
approximated hyaline spots in the middle and with a small hyaline dot
before the end; submarginal cell with two hyaline spots just below
the above-named, another rounded at end just below the end of
the second vein, and another larger before the end of the third
vein, forming the upper one of the terminal radiating streaks. First
basal cell with one in middle and another before the small cross-vein ;
first posterior cell with one beyond the small cross-vein, another
beyond this, and another quite rounded at end; discoidal cell with
three small hyaline spots on the basal half, another larger one
beyond the middle, and two smaller ones before the end; second
posterior cell with three of greater size into the basal part and another
terminal one, forming the lower radiating streak ; third posterior cell
with three larger ones along the hind border and two less-defined ones
into the basal part. Axillary lobe grey, with six rounded hyaline
spots, three above and three below the axillary vein. Second costal
532 Annals of the South African Museum.
cell quite hyaline, unspotted; base of first basal, second basal, and
anal cells partly greyish. Very characteristic for the present species
are the two triangular hyaline streaks, one on each side of the small
cross-veln.
Euaresta planifrons, Loew, 1861.
(RIE Sa ion ire)
Distinct from all the others on account of its four sct.
PLIOMELAENA, Bezzi, 1918.
The following species have been found in South Africa :—
1. (4) Frons as broad as or broader than one eye; halteres with whitish knob ;
arista nearly bare; pterostigma with yellowish spot.
. (3) Abdomen in both sexes entirely shining black . : brevifrons, Bezzi.
3. (2) Abdomen in both sexes mainly reddish, or at least with broad reddish
hind borders of the segments
bo
6 rufiventris, Var. NOV.
4. (1) Frons narrower than one eye; halteres with blackish knob.
. (6) Stigma blackish, with a single hyaline spot at base . _ strictifrons, Bezzi.
6. (5) Stigma yellowish, with two hyaline spots . : . stigmatica, sp. Nov.
Or
Pliomelaena brevifrons, Bezzi, 1918.
Described from Natal.
Pliomelaena brevifrons, var. rufiventris, var. nov.
(ake DS ave, °7/8),)
Type male and female, a couple of specimens from Zululand,
M’fongosi, February 1917 (W. E. Jones); Pretoria, Arnoldton, and
East London (H. K. Munro).
Like the type, and with the same wing-pattern (fig. 79); but
the basal hyaline spot of the discoidal cell is more or less completely
united with the opposite spot of the third posterior cell. The abdomen,
instead of being entirely shining black as in the type, shows in the male
broad, reddish hind borders of all the segments; and in the female
it is sometimes quite reddish, with a more or less distinct black band
at base of each segment. Ovipositor shining black.
Pliomelaena strictifrons, Bezzi, 1918.
Described from Natal.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 533
Pliomelaena stigmatica, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 80.)
Very distinct from all the other forms on account of its yellowish
pterostigma, which shows two hyaline spots.
Type 3, from Natal, Durban, 1914 (W. Haygarth), and an additional
male from the same locality, 1891 ; some male specimens from Port
Shepstone, July-August (H. K. Munro).
S$. Length of body and wing, 5-5-5 mm. Occiput yellowish, with
a blackish, grey-dusted spot in the middle. Frons narrow, twice
as long as broad, reddish yellow, with darkened ocellar spot and
greyish lunula. Face yellowish, white dusted; peristomialia very
narrow, unspotted. Antennae entirely yellowish, considerably shorter
than the face; third joint rounded at end; arista with rather long
pubescence. Palpi and proboscis pale yellowish, the latter short and
thick. Ocp. whitish; vt. dark yellowish, two blackish s. or., and
three black 1. or. Thorax black, densely grey dusted on the back,
reddish on humeri, sides of back, and pleurae; all the bristles pale
yellowish, inserted on small black dots; scp. small but distinct; de.
a little before the line of the a. sa.; one mpl. Scutellum distinctly
reddish at hind border, with the a. sct. only a little shorter than the
b. sct., decussate. Mesophragma black, grey dusted; calypters dirty
yellowish; halteres with yellowish stalk and with blackish knob.
Abdomen entirely shining black, narrowly reddish at sides near
the base; the short pubescence and the bristles are black; venter
entirely reddish; genitalia black above. Legs and coxae entirely
pale yellowish ; front femora with four or five long, dark yellowish
bristles below. Wings (fig. 80) long and rather broad, with a well-
developed costal bristle; stigma a little shorter than the second
costal cell, yellowish, with two broad hyaline spots, that of base
larger ; second vein straight ; third vein bare; last portion of third
and fourth parallel, but a little converging at end; small cross-vein
beyond middle of discoidal cell, its distance from the hind one almost
equal to the length of hind cross-vein, which is straight and perpen-
dicular; lower angle of anal cell acute, but little produced. Base of
wing hyaline, with a fuscous spot in rhiddle of the second costal cell ;
marginal cell with two subquadrate spots at costa, just beyond the
stigma, and with a row of six or seven irregular spots along the second
vein, but without spot at end; submarginal cell with four rounded
spots of about equal size along the second vein, one at base, two
close to each other in middle, and one just at end of second vein;
534 Annals of the South African Museum.
first basal cell with one hyaline dot before the small cross-vein ; first
posterior cell with one dot at base and with a broad, semicircular
spot at end; discoidal cell with only one spot in the middle near the
fifth vein ; second posterior cell with two larger spots at wing-border
and another at upper corner; third posterior cell with three spots
at wing-border, two in the middle close together and one at the
extreme base. Alula and axillary lobe greyish, unspotted.
SPATHULINA, Rondani, 1856.
The species are numerous, and among them I have found the lost
hessii, Wied. They are as follows :—
1. (10) Scutellum with four bristles, the apical pair sometimes very small.
Three i. or. ; legs quite orange; abdomen shining black or shining red ;
wings with terminal hyaline spot.
3. (6) A. sct. about as long as the b. sct. ; stigma without hyaline spot; second
posterior cell with three hyaline spots.
4. (5) Abdomen entirely black; bristles dark brownish . semiatra, Loew.
5. (4) Abdomen broadly red at sides, chiefly in the male ; bristles pale yellowish
semirufa, Var. NOV.
6. (3) A. sct. much smaller than the b. sct.; stigma with hyaline spot at base.
Second posterior cell with five separated hyaline spots mumnrot, sp. nov.
8. (7) Second posterior cell with three elongated hyaline indentations
majuscula, var. Nov.
9. (2) Only two i. or.; legs with black femora; abdomen not shining ; wings
without terminal hyaline spot. : é . anomalina, sp. nov.
10. (1) Scutellum with only two bristles, the apical pair being quite wanting ;
only two i. or. ; pterostigma always unspotted ; first posterior cell with
t
cS
Z
—I
—
~1 0
—
terminal hyaline spot ; legs all orange.
11. (12) Second posterior cell with a single hyaline indentation, the whole wing with
no more than seven hyaline spots orindentations . peringueyi, sp. nov.
12. (11) Second posterior cell with two or three hyaline indentations, the wing
with more than seven hyaline spots.
(24) Second posterior cell with two hyaline indentations.
14. (15) Wings with quite hyaline base and with an isolated black spot at end of
third longitudinal vein : F ; . parceguttata, Beck.
15. (14) Wings with fuscous spots or handle in the hyaline base, and without
isolated black spot at end of third vein.
16. (17) The hyaline spots at end of submarginal and of first posterior cell are
united together to form an arcuate border at wing-tip
arcucincta, Sp. NOY.
17. (16) The above-named hyaline spots are quite separated.
18. (21) Wings with whitish base, and there with some isolated fuscous spots.
19. (20) Submarginal cell with two hyaline spots at end . elegantula, sp. nov.
20. (19) Submarginal cell with only one hyaline spot at end . diminuta, var. nov.
21. (18) Wings with yellowish base, and there with a fuscous oblique band, pro-
ceeding from the infuscated anal cell.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 535
22. (23) Third posterior cell with two hyaline indentations . . hessii, Wied.
23. (22) Third posterior cell with only one hyaline indentation simplex, var. nov.
24. (13) Second posterior cell with three hyaline indentations.
25. (26) Third posterior cell with only one hyaline indentation; base of wing
with a fuscous stripe from anal cell to humeral cross-vein
hessii ewarestina, var. nov.
26. (25) Third posterior cell with two hyaline indentations; wing-base quite
hyaline, unspotted . : : : : biseuarestina, sp. Nov.
Spathulina semiatra, Loew, 1861.
All the specimens of this species which I have so far seen belong
to the following form.
Spathulina semvatra, var. semirufa, var. nov.
(ER SXanVs hos Sib)
Distinguished by the red abdomen and by the paler bristles.
A couple of specimens from Zululand, M’fongosi, May 1916 (W. E.
Jones); one male from E. Transvaal, Komati Poort, November 1918
(R. W. Tucker); Pretoria and Barberton (H. K. Munro).
I think that this form may be the male of Loew’s semiatra, because
in the female the abdomen is only narrowly red at sides near the
base, and Loew had only females. All the bristles of head and thorax
are pale yellowish ; the entire abdomen or the intermediate segments
are broadly red at sides (male); the first posterior cell always shows
the two smaJl hyaline dots, besides the larger apical hyaline spot
(fig. 81).
Spathulina munror, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 82.)
A species with four sct., allied with margaritifera, Bezzi, from East
Africa, but distinguished by the somewhat different wing-pattern
(fig. 82). Some specimens of both sexes from Pretoria in March
(H. K. Munro).
32. Length of body and wing, 3-3-2 mm. ; of ovipositor, 0-8 mm.
Occiput grey, narrowly yellowish at vertex and whitish below. Frons
one and one-half times longer than broad, yellowish, with greyish
sides and lunula; face and peristomialia whitish, the latter narrow
and unspotted. Antennae entirely pale yellowish, shorter than
the face, with shortly pubescent arista. Palpi whitish; proboscis
yellowish, thick but distinctly elongate, with short recurrent flaps.
Ocp. whitish; vt. and frontal bristles dark yellowish; three 1. or.
Thorax opaque, densely clothed with grey dust, the humeri and the
536 Annals of the South African Museum.
pleural sutures being more or less distinctly reddish ; pubescence and
bristles pale yellowish ; de. much before the line of a.sa.; one or two
mpl. Scutellum like back of mesonotum, with reddish hind border ;
“a. sct. decussate and much shorter than the b. sct. Calypters white,
halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen shining black, with the first segment
very narrowly reddish at sides; pubescence and bristles blackish ;
venter reddish at base; ovipositor shining black, about as long as
the two last abdominal segments together. Coxae and legs entirely
yellowish ; front femora with two or three long yellowish bristles
below. Wings (fig. 82) with long costal bristle, distance between the
cross-veins shorter than the length of the hind cross-vein. They
are entirely brown, with hyaline base; second costal cell with a
perpendicular dark band in the middle, stigma with a rather broad,
not rounded, yellowish hyaline spot at base. Marginal cell with
two broad, rectangular, hyaline indentations and with a small
rounded spot at end; submarginal cell with four rounded spots along
the second vein, one at base, two in middle (the external one sometimes
wanting) just below the two hyaline indentations of fore border and
fused with them, and the fourth before the end; second basal cell
without hyaline spot. First posterior cell with a rounded spot at
base and with another at end, both of equal size and narrower
than the space between third and fourth veins, and, moreover, in the
middle with one or two smaller dots (one above the other); discoidal |
cell with two rounded spots near the fourth vein, the basal one
broader; second posterior cell with five spots, three at border in the
shape of elongate indentations and two at upper corner as rounded
spots; third posterior cell with six spots, three at wing-border and
three in the middle, the four median spots disposed one above the
other and sometimes fused together in the shape of two indentations.
Axillary lobe not very distinctly infuscated, with two hyaline inden-
tations, resulting from four spots fused together.
Spathulina munroi, var. majuscula, var. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 84.)
Described from East Africa.
Spathulina anomalina, sp. nov.
(Pl X1Ve fies 873)
Distinct from all the other species with four sct. in having only two
i. or., black femora, and no hyaline terminal spot on wings. This is an
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 537
atypical species, perhaps better placed in Huribia, like other similar
species (euryomma and abyssinica), which have, however, only two
sct.; it seems to be near Hur. conyzae, Frauenf., from Egypt, which
has also four sct. and bicubitate proboscis, but different wing-pattern.
One male specimen from Pretoria, January 1923 (H. K. Munro).
$. Length of body, 3 mm.; of wing, 3-1 mm. Occiput black,
grey dusted, pale yellowish below and narrowly reddish above at
vertex. rons one and one-half times as long as broad, opaque
reddish, with whitish sides and with blackish ocellar spot; lunula
whitish. Antennae entirely yellowish, as long as the face; third
joint with rounded but rather prominent upper corner; arista bare.
Face and peristomialia whitish, the latter as broad as the third
antennal joint, unspotted; mouth border a little prominent ; palpi
and proboscis yellowish, the latter elongate, with recurrent but short
terminal flaps. Ocp. whitish, but rather thin and acute; frontal
bristles black, only two i. or. Thorax black, but densely clothed with
opaque grey dust ; on the back there are three brownish stripes, the
middle of which is less distinct ; pubescence whitish ; all the bristles
black, the de. very near the suture, much before the line of the a. sa.
Scutellum coloured like back of mesonotum, with four black bristles,
the apical much smaller than the basal ones. Mesophragma black,
grey dusted ; calypters white; halteres yellowish. Abdomen black,
clothed with opaque grey dust, with two rows of blackish and rather
broad spots along the middle; pubescence whitish ; genitalia black.
Legs with yellowish coxae and blackish-grey femora ; tips of femora,
tibiae, and tarsi yellowish ; front femora with black bristles below.
Wings (fig. 87) elongate, with small costal bristle ; third vein bare ;
third and fourth veins straight and parallel; distance between the
cross-veins as long as the hind cross-vein; lower angle of anal cell
acute and a little produced. They are hyaline, with a blackish
pattern and with some isolated fuscous spots, but not definitely
reticulated. Stigma black, unspotted. Marginal cell with two broad,
irregular hyaline spots, which are separated by a _ perpendicular
dark streak, which ends at third vein and is quite isolated; sub-
marginal cell with a broad hyaline patch in the middle, extending from
the second to the third vein, and with a similar broad, rectangular,
subapical hyaline spot ; first basal cell with two approximated rounded
hyaline spots; first posterior cell with a broad spot near the base,
a smaller one in the middle, and another pre-apical, this last united
with that of the submarginal cell; the end of the first posterior cell
is thus without the usual hyaline spot ; discoidal cell with more than
538 Annals of the South African Museum.
the basal half hyaline; second posterior cell mainly hyaline, the
upper corner blackish with one hyaline spot, and with an isolated
fuscous spot in the middle at hind border ; third posterior cell hyaline,
with the upper corner blackish with one hyaline spot, and with two
fuscous spots in the middle, one at fifth vein and one at end of sixth
vein ; lower angle of the anal cell with a fuscous spot ; axillary lobe
quite hyaline, unspotted.
Spathulina peringueyi, sp. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 83.)
A small species, distinct by the few hyaline spots of wings, all of
rather large size.
Type 9, a single specimen from Stellenbosch, 1897 (L. Peringuey).
©. Length of body and wings, 2-2 mm. Occiput black, grey
dusted, very narrowly yellowish below. Frons one and one-half times
longer than broad, yellowish, with blackish ocellar patch and with
broad whitish orbits ; lunula whitish ; face and peristomialia whitish
yellow, the latter unspotted and about as broad as the third antennal
joint. Antennae shorter than the face, entirely yellowish, with
microscopically pubescent arista. Palpi and proboscis yellowish,
the latter with short, recurrent terminal portion. Ocp. whitish ;
inner vt. and or. black, only twoi. or. Thorax entirely black, densely
clothed with opaque greyish dust; pubescence whitish, bristles
black; de. much before the line of the a. sa.; one mpl., with some
whitish long hairs. Scutellum like back of mesonotum, with only
the b. sct., which are very long and black. Calypters white ; halteres
yellowish. Abdomen entirely shining black, with black pubescence
and black bristles ; ovipositor shining black, short, about as long as
the last abdominal segment. Legs all orange, with the front femora a
little darkened on the external side and with two yellowish bristles
below. Wings (fig. 83) with short costal bristle; distance between
the cross-veins shorter than the length of the hind cross-vein.
They are entirely blackish, with hyaline base, in which there is a
darkish oblique band extending from the anal cell to the humeral
cross-vein. Stigma quite black. Marginal cell with a broad hyaline
spot just beyond the stigma, forming a single indentation with the
subquadrate spot of the submarginal cell, and, moreover, with a
small hyaline spot before the end; submarginal cell with a broad
hyaline spot at end. First basal cell without terminal spot; first
posterior cell with a broad rounded spot near the base and another
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 539
at end. Discoidal cell with a single broad spot in the middle,
fused with that in the middle of the third posterior cell; second
posterior cell with only one broad indentation, extending to the
fourth vein; base of discoidal cell with one hyaline spot fused
with the hyaline basal portion of wing. Axillary lobe hyaline,
unspotted.
Spathulina parceguttata, Becker, 1903, var. parca, Bezzi, 1913.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 85.)
Well distinguished by the isolated black spot at end of third vein ;
in this character it agrees with my acrosticta, 1918, from Durban, being
very probably conspecific with it.
Numerous specimens of both sexes from Kast London, on the
Composite plant Helichrysum, sp. (H. K. Munro).
This species, originally described from Egypt, seems to be widely
spread over the Ethiopian and Oriental regions, because I now think
that my parca is only a variety distinct by lacking the hyaline spot
in the middle of the first posterior cell (fig. 85).
Spathulina biseuarestina, sp. nov.
(Ei OVE ig 288)
A typical Spathulina near parceguttata, but distinct by the muck
richer wing-pattern, which shows three hyaline indentations in the
second and two in the third posterior cell.
Both sexes from Pretoria, January 1923 (H. K. Munro).
$2. Length of body and wing,3 mm. Occiput black, grey dusted,
narrowly pale below. Frons broad, one and one-half times as long as
broad, opaque, dirty yellowish, with whitish sides and lunula, and with
blackish ocellar spot. Antennae yellowish, shorter than the face;
third joint rounded at end; arista bare. Face and peristomialia
whitish, the latter narrow, unspotted; mouth border very little
prominent; palpi and proboscis yellowish, the latter elongate, with
short recurrent flaps. Ocp. whitish and thick; frontal bristles
black; only two i. or. Thorax black, clothed with opaque, light
grey dust, not distinctly striped on the back; pubescence whitish ;
bristles black, but st. and pt. whitish; dc. very near the suture.
Scutellum like back, with only the b. sct. Halteres pale yellowish.
Abdomen shining black, unspotted, a little grey dusted in the male ;
ovipositor shining black, as long as the three last abdominal segments
540 Annals of the South African Museum
together. Legs quite orange. Wings (fig. 88) normal, with the base
whitish hyaline, unspotted, with pale yellowish veins; stigma
black, with the base narrowly vellowish below. Marginal cell with
two hyaline spots just beyond the stigma; submarginal cell with
three, one below and in contact with the first of the two above-named,
one below the end of second vein, and one just before the apex,
its corner extending into the first posterior cell. First basal cell
unspotted ; first posterior cell with a small spot near the base and
another larger at end; second posterior cell with three indenta-
tions, the posterior one extending with a point into the first posterior
cell, and forming thus the lower ray of the terminal fork; discoidal
cell with the extreme base hyaline, with one spot near the end and
with another very small at lower corner; third posterior cell with
two hyaline indentations, one very large in the middle and another
smaller before the end. Axillary lobe almost entirely hyaline, only
a little infuscated in the middle, near the sixth vein.
Spathulina arcucincta, sp. nov.
(Bl: XeNVivfie 36%)
A pretty species, very distinct from all the others on account of its
arcuate hyaline apical band on the wings.
Type, a single specimen without abdomen from Kleinfontein, Cape
Province (R. M. Lightfoot).
Length of body and wing, 3mm. Occiput yellowish, with a black,
grey-dusted broad spot above the neck. Frons about as broad as
long, reddish yellow, with broad whitish borders, with greyish dark-
spotted ocellar triangle and with whitish lunula. Face and _peri-
stomialia whitish, the latter unspotted, a little narrower than the
third antennal joint. Antennae wanting in the type; there are
only the two basal joints, which are yellowish. Palpi and proboscis
yellowish, the latter with short, recurrent terminal part. Ocp.
whitish ; inner vt., oc., and or. black; only twoi. or. Thorax black,
densely clothed with opaque grey dust, with reddish humeri and
pleural sutures ; scutellum like back, with only the b. sct. Halteres
and abdomen wanting. Legs quite orange, the front femora with
strong dark yellowish bristles below. Wings (fig. 86) with short
costal bristle; second, third, and fourth veins gradually diverging
towards the end; distance between the cross-veins shorter than
the length of the hind cross-vein. They are completely black to the
extreme base, the black of the base being separated from the rest by a
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 54]
rather narrow hyaline band, extending from the second costal cell to
the base of the discoidal cell. Stigma black. Marginal cell with a
broad rounded hyaline spot just beyond the stigma, fused with an
equally broad spot in the submarginal cell, and with another much
smaller spot near the costa. Submarginal cell, besides the above-
named spot, with the extreme base hyaline and with narrowly hyaline
end ; first basal cell without spot at end. First posterior cell with a
broad rounded hyaline spot near the base, and with a narrow terminal
hyaline streak, which forms the terminal hyaline arcuate band in union
with the similar spot at end of submarginal cell. Discoidal cell with a
small spot at extreme base, another broad rounded one in the middle,
and a smaller one on the lower external angle. Second posterior cell
with two hyaline indentations, a smaller narrow terminal one, and a
larger basal one, resulting from two spots fused together. Third
posterior cell with a broad rounded spot in the middle, just below the
equally large spot of the discoidal cell. Axillary lobe greyish hyaline,
unspotted. The whole wing has only ten spots or indentations.
Spathulina elegantula, sp. nov.
(Gok, CIA, amiga, t339)5)
Closely allied with hessi, but distinct by the whitish base of the
wings bearing some isolated fuscous spots.
Type 9, a single specimen from Matroosberg, Ceres Division,
3500 ft., January 1907 (R. M. Lightfoot).
2. Length of body and wing, 3 mm.; of ovipositor, 0-8 mm.
Occiput black, dark grey dusted, narrowly yellowish below and at
sides. Frons about as broad as long, but distinctly narrowed in
front; it is reddish yellow, with broad whitish sides and ocellar
triangle, this latter with a dark spot at base. Face and peristomialia
whitish, the latter unspotted. Antennae entirely yellowish, shorter
than the face; third joint with prominent upper terminal corner ;
arista with short pubescence. Palpi and proboscis reddish yellow,
the latter with rather long terminal flaps. Ocp. whitish; inner
vt., oc., and or. black; only two i. or. Thorax black, with reddish
humeri and sutures, densely clothed with opaque, bluish grey dust
and with whitish pubescence; bristles black; dc. much before the
line of the a. sa.; scutellum lke back, with only the b. sct., which
are very long and diverging. Calypters and halteres whitish.
Abdomen shining black, with black pubescence and black bristles ;
ovipositor likewise, about as long as the two last abdominal segments
542 Annals of the South African Museum.
together. Coxae and legs quite orange, the front femora with dark
yellowish bristles below. Wings with short costal bristle; third and
fourth veins parallel at end; distance of cross-veins shorter than
the hind cross-vein. Base broadly whitish hyaline, with three
isolated fuscous spots, one at humera! cross-vein, one darker in
the middle of the second costal cell, and one at base of the basal cells.
Stigma black. Marginal cell with two hyaline spots at costa, that
just beyond the stigma broader and fused with a small rounded
spot of the submarginal cell. Submarginal cell with two hyaline
spots at end, that at end of second vein much smaller. First basal
cell without hyaline terminal spot. First posterior cell with one
rounded spot near the base and another at end, this latter forming a
radiating Huaresta-like pattern. Discoidal cell with one spot at base,
another larger one inthe middle, and a smaller one in the lower
outer corner. Second posterior cell with two hyaline indentations,
the smaller external one prolonged as a hyaline spot into the
first posterior cell. Third posterior cell with only one rounded spot
in the middle; axillary lobe whitish, unspotted.
Spathulina elegantula, var. diminuta, var. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 90.)
Very much like the preceding, distinct only by lacking the upper
terminal hyaline spot of submarginal cell, below the end of second
longitudinal vein (fig. 90). This character is equally developed in
both sexes.
Type 392, a single couple of specimens from Matroosberg, Ceres
Division, 5000 ft., November 1917 (R. M. Lightfoot).
Spathulina hessii, Wiedemann, 1819.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 92.)
A characteristic species, somewhat variable in wing-pattern, dis-
tinct by the yellowish hyaline base of wing.
Two female specimens from Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft.,
Caledon Division, January 1916 (K. H. Barnard); one 9, Kimberley,
1912 (J. H. Power).
To Wiedemann’s original description may be added: Occiput
black, grey dusted, yellowish below and at border. Frons only a
little longer than broad, with sides and lunula whitish; face and
peristomialia pale yellowish, the latter unspotted. Antennae shorter
than the face; third joint with prominent upper corner; arista
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 543
with short pubescence. Proboscis with rather long and recurrent
terminal part. Ocp. whitish; inner vt., oc., and or. black; only
two 1. or. Thoracic bristles black, but pt. and st. pale yellowish ;
dc. much before the line of a. sa.; one mpl. Scutellum with only
the b. sct., which are long and diverging. Halteres pale yellowish.
Abdomen shining black, with black pubescence and bristles; ovi-
positor shining black, as long as the whole abdomen. Front femora
with numerous dark yellowish bristles below. Wings (fig. 92) with
short costal bristle ; third and fourth veins parallel ; distance between
the cross-veins shorter than the hind cross-vein. Stigma black.
Base with an oblique dark band, extending from the third posterior
cell to the humeral cross-vein ; second costal cell with a fuscous band
in the middle. Pattern very like that of elegantula; submarginal
cell with two hyaline spots at end; third posterior cell with two
hyaline indentations, the external one narrower and fused with the
hyaline spot at lower outer corner of the discoidal cell. Axillary lobe
hyaline. Sometimes there are small spots at end of first basal cell
and two small hyaline dots, one above the other, in the middle of
the first posterior cell, and one hyaline dot near upper outer corner
of discal cell.
Spathulina hess, var. simplex, var. nov.
(els SOD; ste. Sil.)
Differs from type form in lacking the outer hyaline indentation
of the third posterior cell and in having the ovipositor shorter
than the abdomen. The wing-pattern (fig. 91) is more reduced,
lacking the additional hyaline spots of first posterior and of dis-
coidal cell.
One 3g, one 9. MHottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon
Division, January 1916 (K. H. Barnard).
Spathulina hessii, var. euarestina, var. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 93.)
Distinct from the two preceding forms in having three hyaline
indentations in the second posterior cell. It is also very lke the
type species of the genus (tristis, Loew) from South Europe, even
this last being perhaps a form of hessvi.
Type @, a single specimen from Bethulie, O.F.S8., April 1918
(H. K. Munro).
Q. Length of body and wing, 3-5 mm.; of ovipositor, 1 mm.
544 Annals of the South African Museum.
Head, its appendages and chaetotaxy as in hessiz; thorax, scutellum,
halteres, abdomen, and legs likewise. Wing-pattern (fig. 93) the same,
but there is a third hyaline indentation in the second posterior
cell, between the two of the preceding forms; third posterior cell
without terminal hyaline indentation. No additional hyaline spots
in first basal, first posterior, or discal cells. S. tristis, which has
also three hyaline indentations of the second posterior cell, is different
in having two hyaline indentations and one hyaline spot in the third
posterior cell ; the femora are, moreover, distinctly darkened, almost
blackish.
SPHENELLA, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
Even this genus is an artificial one, being distinguished mainly
on wing-pattern from the following one. I have omitted reference
to it In my previous papers, having overlooked the species pub-
lished by myself in Denkschrift. med.-naturwiss. Ges. Jena, 1908,
xi, p. 198. The South African species are as follows :—
1. (4) Face, antennae, and femora quite yellowish.
2. (3) Pterostigma with a yellowish spot at end; apical fuscous patch with a
tooth-like prolongation at third vein : : marginata, Fall.
3. (2) Wings with entirely black stigma and without the bor e-named prolongation
melanostigma, Bezzi.
4, (1) Face and antennae quite black ; femora with broadly black base
nigricornis, Sp. NOV.
Sphenella marginata, Fallen, 1820.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 94.)
This European species is widely spread over the whole Ethiopian
region.
Cape Town, September 1913 (L. Raman): Cedarbergen, Clan-
william Dist., 4000-5000 ft., September 1923 (K. H. Barnard) ;
E. Transvaal, Acornhoek, November 1918 (R. W. Tucker); Knysna,
Cape Province, October 1916 (L. Peringuey); Durban, September
1920 (C. v. d. Merwe); Gt. Winterhoek, Tulbagh Division, 3800 ft.,
April 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot); East London, Bloemfontein, Peddie,
May—December (H. K. Munro).
Sphenella melanostigma, Bezzi, 1908.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 95.)
Probably only a variety of the preceding species, distinguished by
the quite black unspotted stigma, by the wing-bands destitute of
hyaline spots, and by the single fuscous spot along the fifth vein.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 545
From indica, Schiner, it is distinguished by lacking the fuscous tooth
at the apical fuscous patch of the wings (fig. 95).
Described by me in the female sex from Namaland. JI have seen
a female specimen from Pretoria, November 1917 (H. K. Munro).
Sphenella nigricornis, sp. nov.
Very distinct from all the other species on account of the black
antennae and of the black base of femora, the wing-pattern being
very like that of melanostigma.
Type 3g, a single specimen from N. Transvaal, Messina, December
1918 (R. W. Tucker).
$. Length of body and wing,3 mm. Occiput reddish, but more
pale yellowish below. Frons twice as long as broad, distinctly
narrowed in front, entirely reddish, opaque, with dark ocellar
spot ; lunulainfuscated. Face narrow, blackish, with little prominent
mouth border; parafacialia and peristomialia narrow, pale yellowish,
unspotted. Antennae a little shorter than the face, entirely black ;
third joint truncate at end, but with the upper outer corner acute ;
arista bare. Palpi and proboscis yellowish, the latter with the
terminal recurrent part a little shorter than the basal one. Ocp.
whitish ; oc. and or. blackish ; only twoi. or. Thorax black, opaque,
dark grey dusted, but the humeri and the pleural sutures reddish ;
pubescence whitish, bristles black. Scutellum entirely yellowish,
with four equally strong black bristles. Calypters white; halteres
pale yellowish. Abdomen black, grey dusted, opaque, the last
segment reddish behind; it is clothed with rather thick yellowish
pubescence; genitalia reddish, black spotted above at base. Legs
with blackish-grey coxae and femora; tips of the latter, tibiae, and
tarsi yellowish. Wings with small costal bristle; last portions of
second, third, and fourth veins quite straight and parallel; third
vein bare; cross-velns approximated, their distance apart being less
than the length of the small cross-vein. They are hyaline, with
blackish, unspotted stigma; costal cells imfuscated; middle band
complete, equally extended from the costa to the hind border of
wing, quite unspotted; marginal apical patch isolated, entire,
without projecting tooth, and quite unspotted. Lower angle of anal
cell acute and rather produced.
Ensi1na, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
An artificial agglomeration of species, chiefly based on the pro-
longation of the proboscis, which has the terminal portion longer,
36
546 Annals of the South African Museum.
or at least as long as the basal one. We have seen the following
numerous species from South Africa :—
1. (2) Head depressed, much longer than broad, with very broad parafacialia ;
four equally strong sct. ; wing-pattern Aciura-like barnardi, sp. nov.
2. (1) Head not so depressed, and with much narrower parafacialia; wings
without such a pattern.
3. (8) Scutellum with two bristles only; two i. or.; wings with faint and
scattered reticulation.
4. (5) Head depressed and elongate; femora yellowish, with more or less
broad black base : 5 ; . sororcula, Wied.
5. (4) Head not so depressed, nor so elongate ; femora, black, with tips narrowly
yellow, even those of the front pair.
6. (7) Femora rather broadly yellow at tip; hind tibiae yellowish ; ovipositor
as long as the body; length 3 mm. : ; gladiatrix, Bezzi.
7. (6) Femora almost entirely black ; hind tibiae broadly black ; smaller species,
not over 2mm. in length . 5 p : . liliputiana, sp. nov.
8. (3) Scutellum with four bristles.
(
9. (20) A. sct. much smaller than the b. sct.; palpi rather narrow and of usual
shape ; frontal stripe usually entire.
10. (11) Wings quite hyaline, without any dark pattern, only the stigma being
pale yellowish ; proboscis about as long as the entire body; femora.
black : : : : hyalipennis, sp. nov.
11. (10) Wings with a well- aetaioned dark canteen
12. (17) Wings distinctly more banded than reticulate; discoidal cell almost:
entirely hyaline.
13. (16) No hyaline spot at end of first posterior cell ; wing-bands well marked.
_14. (15) Marginal cell with three hyaline spots. : : . anceps, Loew.
15. (14) Marginal cell with two spots only, the terminal one quite wanting or
very faintly developed , : i ; . fasciolata, var. nov.
16. (18) One hyaline spot at end of first posterior cell; wing-bands less dif-
ferentiated : : : : . mytopitoides, Bezzi.
17. (12) Wings more reticulate than pendedy disenidial cell with more extended
dark pattern ; all the femora eval with yellowish tips.
18. (19) Stigma unspotted ; : é ‘ ignobilis, Loew.
19. (18) Stigma with a broad, yellowish hy ane sai : : plebeja, Var. nov.
20. (9) A.sct. about as long as the b. sct. ; palpi unusually developed, very broad ;
frontal stripe divided by a whitish line.
26) Wings with numerous, rather broad hyaline spots.
22. (25) The fuscous part of wing in the shape of two distinct broad bands, one in
middle, the other at end ; only a few hyaline dots along the second vein.
23. (24) Stigma black, with narrow yellowish irregular spot at end ; second costal
cell black, with only one hyaline spot at end : . dubia, Walk.
24. (23) Stigma black, with regular hyaline spot at end; second costal cell with
two rounded hyaline spots . : : c . magnipalpis, Bezzi.
25. (22) No differentiated dark bands; very numerous hyaline dots along the
second vein. : : : hieroglyphica, sp. nov.
26. (21) Wings with not numerous ana very eat hyaline dots in the middle, and
with some broader spots along the border . . cribripennis, Bezzi.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 547
Ensina barnardi, sp. nov.
(Jel, TIM a saver, BiG}.
A robust species, very distinct from all the others in shape of head
and in wing-pattern ; probably requiring the erection of a new genus.
Type 2. Narebis and Otjikoto, South-West Africa, February 1921
(K. H. Barnard); named in honour of its discoverer.
Q. Length of body and wing, 5 mm.; of ovipositor,1 mm. Head
very depressed and elongate, in side view about twice longer than high;
eyes proportionately small, rounded. Occiput black in the middle
above the neck, yellowish at sides and below. Frons very elongate,
with parallel sides, about three times longer than broad, flat, but in
profile prominent on the distal third; it is reddish along the
middle in the apical half, greyish at sides and on basal half,
entirely opaque, with small black ocellar dot; lunula of very large
size, elongate, greyish red. Face narrow and short, whitish; mouth
border exceedingly prominent, channel-like; parafacialia whitish,
unusually broad, about as broad as the third antennal joint, peristo-
mialia whitish, narrow, unspotted ; lower border of head very long.
Antennae as long as the face, entirely yellowish, with the third joint
acute and prominent at upper outer corner; arista bare. Palpi
whitish, flattened but narrow, and not spathulate ; proboscis yellowish,
very long, about as long as the entire body, with the terminal part
as long as the basal. Ocp. whitish and thick; oc., vt., and or.
dark yellowish; three i. or. Thorax elongate, entirely black, dark
grey dusted, opaque, with reddish humeri and wing-root ; pubescence
whitish ; all the bristles pale yellowish; dc. near the suture; one
mpl. Scutellum entirely blackish grey, with four equally strong
pale yellowish bristles. Mesophragma grey; calypters whitish ;
halteres yellowish. Abdomen entirely black, dark grey dusted ;
ovipositor shining black, as long as the two last segments. Legs
entirely yellowish, but the front femora blackish grey on the basal
half. Wings (fig. 96) with distinct costal bristle ; first posterior cell
distinctly narrowed at end, the last portion of third vein curving
downward towards the end; third vein bare; cross-veins parallel
and approximated, the distance between them being about equal to
the length of the small cross-vein ; lower angle of anal cell acute, but
little produced. They are whitish hyaline, with a black, Aciwra-like
pattern ; veins blackish at end, pale yellowish near the base. The
wing-base is broadly hyaline to the stigma and quite unspotted ;
548 Annals of the South African Museum.
stigma entirely black. Just beyond the stigma there are two equal,
triangular, hyaline indentations, with their rounded apex at third vein ;
moreover, there is a rounded hyaline spot before the end of the marginal
cell and another before the end of the submarginal cell. First basal
cell unspotted ; first posterior cell with two hyaline rounded spots
in the middle, nearer the fourth vein, the internal one twice as
broad as the external; second posterior cell with three broad,
parallel, obtuse, hyaline indentations, the middle one extending
to the fourth vein. Discoidal cell with a broad, rounded hyaline spot
near the base, extending from fourth to fifth vein, and one or two
smaller other spots, of which the middle one is often of an elongate
shape; third posterior cell with two broad hyaline indentations, in
part fused together, and having an isolated brown spot between them, -
and, moreover, with a rounded hyaline spot at end, just below the
hind cross-vein; the small cross-vein and the upper end of the hind
cross-veln are narrowly margined with yellowish hyaline.
Ensina sororcula, Wiedemann, 1830.
(QA Ds avers S10)
Numerous specimens of both sexes of this common and widely spread
species, Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia, May 1917 (R. W. Tucker) ; Onambeke,
Andoni, Tamansu, 8.W. Africa, March 1923 (K. H. Barnard); East
London, July 1914 (R. M. Lightfoot); Natal, Durban, July 1921
(R. M. Lightfoot); Gaub, 8.W. Africa, December 1919 (R. W. Tucker) ;
Durban, August 1920 (C. v. d. Merwe); East London, Prospect,
Pretoria, Barberton, Irene, Peddie (H. K. Munro).
Ensina gladiatriz, Bezzi, 1920.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 98.)
Distinguished from preceding species in the form of head, which is
not depressed, and in the black femora, which have only the extreme
tip yellow, even those of the front pair.
One male specimen from Gt. Winterhoek (Tulbagh Division),
3800 ft., April 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot); East London, July 1922
(H. K. Munro).
The as yet undescribed male is like the female: the third antennal
joint is not infuscated ; the abdomen has two longitudinal rows of
broad, blackish spots; the genitalia are black, of proportionately
great size and rather prominent.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 549
Ensina liliputiana, sp. nov.
(PIP X1Ve fig. 99%)
Nearly allied with the preceding, but of much smaller size, with
darker legs and with shorter ovipositor.
Some specimens of both sexes from Prospect, C.P., October 1922
(H. K. Munro).
$2. Length of body and wing, 1-8-2 mm. ; of ovipositor, 0-7 mm.
Head not depressed, with short lower border. Occiput entirely
black, dark grey dusted. Frons about as broad as long, distinctly
narrowed in front, reddish opaque, with whitish sides and with
blackish ocellar spot ; lunula small. Face pale yellowish ; the linear
parafacialia and the peristomialia are whitish, unspotted. Antennae
entirely yellowish, only a little shorter than the face; third joint
with acute upper outer corner; arista short, bare. Mouth border
not prominent; palpi and proboscis yellowish, the latter with the
terminal part about as long as the basal. Ocp. whitish; vt., oc.,
and or. blackish; two i. or. Thorax black, grey dusted, opaque :
on the back there are three narrow postsutural dark stripes, fused
together to form a praescutellar patch; pubescence pale yellowish ;
bristles black ; de. much before the line of a. sa. Scutellum entirely
black, grey dusted, with only the b. sct. Halteres pale yellowish.
Abdomen black, grey dusted, with pale yellowish pubescence ;
male genitalia black ; ovipositor shining black, about as long as the
whole abdomen. Legs with black coxae and femora, the latter with
very narrowly yellow tips; tibiae and tarsi yellowish, but the hind
tibiae broadly blackish in the middle. Wings the same as those of
sororcula, and with about the same faint pattern; stigma black ;
lower angle of anal cell less acute (fig. 99).
Ensina hyalipennis, sp. nov.
Distinct from any other known species on account of its quite
hyaline wings, which lack any dark pattern; in the allied species
evanida, Bezzi, from Abyssinia, and siphonina, Bezzi, from British
East Africa, the wing-pattern is always distinct, even if more or less
faintly indicated.
Type 9, a single specimen from Cape, Cedarbergen, Clanwilliam,
4000-5000 ft., September 1923 (K. H. Barnard).
2. Length of body and wing, 2-5 mm.; of ovipositor, 0-7 mm. |
Head a little depressed and rather elongate ; occiput black, with dark
550 Annals of the South African Museum.
grey dust. Frons parallel sided, a little narrowed in front, not
quite twice as long as broad; it is yellow in the middle, white
near the eyes, grey at vertex, with a black ocellar spot; lunula
white. Face yellowish, with much prominent mouth border; para-
facialia and peristomiala narrow, whitish; lower border of head
long. Antennae yellow, as long as the face; third joint obtuse at
end, with blackish, bare arista. Palpi very long and narrow, whitish,
nearly bare; proboscis as long as the body, pale yellowish, its basal
part much longer than the palpi, twice as long as the head, the
terminal part about as long as the basal; ocp., pvt., and outer
vt. white; inner vt. and or. blackish; two i. or. Thorax black, but
densely clothed with opaque grey dust, which is paler on pleurae;
the pubescence whitish; bristles black; de. atsuture; one mpl., black,
pt. whitish. Scutellum like back, but yellowish at hind border, with
four black bristles, the apical pair decussate and much smaller than
the basal. Halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen black, grey dusted,
with rather long, pale yellowish pubescence ; ovipositor shining black.
Legs with black coxae and black femora; tips of femora, tibiae,
and tarsi yellowish ; bristles of front femora pale yellowish and thin.
Wings hyaline, quite unspotted, even the stigma being very faintly
yellowish. Costal bristle small; stigma longer than broad. The
veins are yellowish, only the costa and the ends being darkened.
Last portions of third and fourth veins straight and parallel; hind
cross-vein straight and perpendicular, its distance from the small one
about as long as its own length ; small cross-vein beyond the middle
of the elongate discoidal cell; lower angle of the anal cell acute,
but little produced ; sixth vein reaching the hind border ; third vein
quite bare.
Ensina anceps, Loew, 1861.
Wanting in the present collection, all the specimens belonging to
the following form.
Ensina anceps, var. fasciolata, var. nov.
(Pl. XIV, fig. 100.)
Distinguished from the type by the want of the third hyaline spot
in the marginal cell, or sometimes with only a small dot at its place
(fig. 100).
One male specimen, Krantzkop, Natal, November 1917 (K. H.
Barnard); both sexes, Matroosberg, Ceres Division, 3500 ft., and
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 551
Oudebosch, Caledon Division, November—December (R. M. Lightfoot) ;
Prospect, Grootfontein (H. K. Munro).
Ensina myiopitoides, Bezzi, 1908.
(GEN, QIN 289, OIL)
Allied with the preceding, but with less differentiated wing-bands,
and with a hyaline spot at end of first posterior cell. In this last
character 1t agrees with the following species, of which it is perhaps
a variety with reduced and variable wing-pattern (fig. 101).
One female from Cape, determined by Bigot as Tephritis hottentot,
an unpublished name; Gt. Winterhoek, Tulbagh Division, 4500 ft.,
November, Matroosberg, Ceres Division, 3500 ft., November (R. M.
Lightfoot) ; Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon Division,
Zonder End Peak, 4600 ft., French Hoek, 2500-3600 ft., December
(K. H. Barnard) ; Narebis, South-West Africa, February 1921 ( K. H.
Barnard).
Ensina ignobilis, Loew, 1861.
The typical form, with quite unspotted pterostigma. Gt. Winter-
hoek, Tulbagh, 3800 ft., April 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; Matroosberg,
Ceres Division, 3500 ft., November 1917 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; Cedar-
bergen, 4000-5000 it., September 1925 (K. H. Barnard).
Ensina ignobilis, var. plebeja, var. nov.
(Pl. XIV; fig. 102.)
Distinguished by the yellowish hyaline spot of pterostigma ; but
the character is variable, one wing having sometimes the spot, while
in the same specimen the other wing is without it. Even the
Indian species lyncea, Bezzi, 1913, is allied.
Cape Town, 1915, (L. Peringuey); Table Mt., February 1919
(R. W. Tucker); Cedarbergen, September 1923 (K. H. Barnard) ;
East London, Pretoria (H. K. Munro).
Ensina dubia, Walker, 1853.
(Pl. XV, fig. 103.)
Very distinct by the characteristic wing-pattern. Cape Town,
January 1913 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; Table Mt., 2500 ft., December 1918
(K. H. Barnard); Oudebosch, Caledon Division, December 1920
(K. H. Barnard).
To Loew’s good description must be added: Only two 1. or. ;
de. at suture; one mpl.; a. sct. as strong as the b. sct.; pleurae
light grey, brown at upper border of mesopleura, thus forming a
552 Annals of the South African Museum.
stripe. Last abdominal segment reddish behind; ovipositor reddish,
narrowly black at tip, as long as the two last abdominal segments
together; male genitalia reddish. Front femora with a row of
six or seven whitish bristles below. Last portions of third and
fourth vein parallel; distance between the cross-veins less than
the length of hind cross-vein ; lower angle of anal cell acute, but little
produced. Costal cells wholly infuscated, with a hyaline spot of
irregular shape at end; only a few hyaline dots along the second
longitudinal vein (fig. 103). Halteres yellowish.
Ensina magnipalpis, Bezzi, 1920.
(BIS POVe tics a0")
Nearly allied with the preceding, but with a somewhat different-
wing-pattern (fig. 104). One female specimen, Kimberley, 1912 (J. H.
Power) ; originally described from Durban.
Ensina heroglyphica, sp. nov.
(elle DQ s0key, 1059.)
Distinct from both the preceding species in the more numerous
hyaline spots of wings.
Type 2 from Cape, without precise locality ; some specimens of
both sexes from East London, July 1921 (H. K. Munro).
$2. Length of body and wing, 4 mm.; of ovipositor, 0-6 mm.
Head, its appendages, and chaetotaxy exactly as in dubia; thorax,
scutellum, and abdomen likewise. Legs with more broadly darkened
femora. Wings (fig. 105) with the same venation, but with a different
pattern. The broad ocellar spots are more numerous and closer
together, the two dark bands of dubia being thus not differentiated.
The stigma has one definite, rounded, hyaline spot before the end.
The costal cells show some hyaline spots along the costa, two of
which are larger, and, moreover, a row of small dots along the first
vein. Characteristic are the numerous and closely placed hyaline
dots, disposed in two irregular rows on each side of the second
longitudinal vein.
Ensina cribripennis, Bezzi, 1924.
(Pl. XV, fig. 106.)
Distinct from the three preceding species in having the hyaline spots
of the wing much smaller and scattered (fig. 106). 7
Recently described from a specimen from East London in the
Paris Museum.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 553
Evristi, Meigen, 1800.
The generally accepted name for the present genus is that of
Tephritis, but I have followed Professor Hendel in retaining Huribia.
The following are the species at present known from South Africa,
including those previously placed in Oxyna by some authors :—
1. (2) Pterostigma very small, shorter than high; wing-pattern radiating at
end ; only two scutellar bristles : : tuckert, sp. Nov.
2. (1) Pterostigma of normal shape, longer {hav high ; wing-pattern not
radiating at end ; four sct.
3. (4) Wings with quite black stigma and with a broad black border, in which
are included a few sharply defined hyaline marginal spots
praetexta, Loew.
4. (3) Wings not so patterned, and with spotted stigma.
5. (6) Stigma with one hyaline spot in the middle ; back of mesonotum cinereous,
with a broad brown stripe along the middle peringueyi, Sp. NOV.
6. (5) Stigma with yellowish base ; back not at all striped, or with three narrow
stripes.
7. (8) No hyaline spot at end of first posterior cell . 6 lightfooti, sp. nov.
8. (7) A hyaline spot at end of first posterior cell.
9. (10) Wings with a distinct dark band across the middle and with the terminal
hyaline spot of the first posterior cell proportionately small
caffra, Loew.
10. (9) Wings with a diffuse reticulation in the middle and with the above-named
spot much larger , : : ; : : dissoluta, Loew.
Euribia tuckeri, sp. nov.
(Pl. XV, fig. 107.)
A remarkably distinct species on account of its very short stigma,
which is unique among the species of the present genus. On account
of this character and of the radiating pattern, one would place the
species in the genus Trypanea, but the fuscous reticulation is extended
to the base.
Type 3, a single specimen from E. Transvaal, Komati Poort,
November 1918 (R. W. Tucker) ; named in honour of the discoverer.
But I have seen the species also from Madagascar, and thus it seems
to be widely spread.
g. Length of body and wing, 3-6 mm. Occiput pale yellowish,
blackish grey towards the middle. Frons very broad, flat, even
broader than long, entirely whitish yellow, opaque, with a small
black ocellar dot and with lighter sides; lunula short but broad,
whitish. Antennae pale yellowish, a little shorter than the face ;
third joint about as long as the second, rounded at end, but with the
5d4 Annals of the South African Museum.
upper outer corner distinctly acute; arista bare. Face and peri-
stomialia whitish, the latter narrow and unspotted. Palpi whitish ;
proboscis yellowish, short, and thick, with the terminal part not
prolonged. Ocp. whitish; vt., oc., and or. yellowish; only two 1. or.
Thorax entirely black, but densely clothed with light grey opaque
dust, without any pattern; bristles vellowish, darkened at base,
while the short pubescence is whitish ; de. near the suture; one mpl.
Scutellum like back, with only the b. sct., which are yellowish.
Halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen entirely black, but densely grey
dusted like the mesonotum. Coxae and legs entirely pale yellowish ;
front femora with a row of three yellowish bristles below. Wings (fig.
107) proportionately short, with small costal bristle; second vein a
little wavy in the middle; last portions of third and fourth veins -
gradually diverging ; third vein bare ; cross-veins approximated, their
distance apart being less than the length of the small cross-vein, which
is placed on the distal fifth of the discoidal cell; lower angle of the
anal cell acute, but not produced; hind cross-vein curved outwardly.
Stigma very short, being about as long above as high; it is yellowish
on basal part, blackish on terminal part. Veins yellowish, darkened
outwardly. Base of wing hyaline to the basal cross-veins, with only
one dark spot in middle of the second costal cell. Marginal cell with
three broad hyaline spots at base, one following the other and the
middle one being larger ; moreover, there is a smaller hyaline spot just
before the end. Submarginal cell broadly hyaline at base, with a
rounded hyaline spot in the middle, just above the small cross-vein,
and with two spots at end, the superior one larger. First basal cell
with three, partly confluent, rounded hyaline spots of greater size.
First posterior cell with two small spots in middle, one above the upper
end of the hind cross-vein, the other in the middle, followed by two
spots of greater size placed one above the other, and, moreover, with
a broad terminal spot, the blackish pattern being thus radiating ;
discoidal cell with three broad hyaline spots ; second posterior cell with
three broad spots at border and with two smaller ones in the middle ;
third posterior cell with one before the end, and several others, in
part confluent, at base. Axillary lobe hyaline, with a brown spot
in middle at sixth vein.
Euribia praetexta, Loew, 1861.
(Pl. XV, fig. 108.)
Very distinct from all the other species on account of its very
characteristic wing-pattern. Some specimens of both sexes from
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 55D
Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, May 1917 (R. W. Tucker); same locality
(D. Dodds).
To Loew’s original description may be added: Ocp. whitish ;
vt., oc., and or. blackish; two i. or. Peristomialia unspotted, as
broad as the third antennal joint ; frons distinctly longer than broad.
De. near the suture; one mpl.; a. sct. about as long as the
b. sct.; mesophragma black, grey dusted. Ovipositor shining red,
dark pubescent, about as long as the entire abdomen. Front femora
with four or five yellowish bristles below. Marginal cell with two or
three hyaline spots, the middle one often wanting; second posterior
cell with two or three small hyaline spots, besides the three larger
marginal ones. Second costal cell black, with one terminal and
often with another basal hyaline spot at wing-border (fig. 108).
It is possible that cyana, Walker, 1849, may be the present species.
Buribia peringueyi, sp. nov.
(EE XGV ti cae 98)
A small, elegant species, distinct by the peculiar coloration of the
back of mesonotum.
Type 9, a single specimen from Cape Town, September 1913,
L. Peringuey, in whose honour it is named.
3. Length of body, 2-5 mm.; of wing, 3 mm. Occiput black,
grey dusted, narrowly yellowish at border of eyes. Frons broad, flat,
about as long as broad, entirely and uniformly pale yellowish, opaque.
Antennae reddish yellow, shorter than the face ; third joint rounded
at end, but with the upper corner rather acute; arista bare. Face
and peristomialia whitish yellow, the latter narrow, unspotted.
Mouth opening broad; palpi pale yellowish, proboscis yellowish,
with short terminal flaps. Ocp. whitish; vt., oc., and or. blackish ;
two 1. or. Thorax short and broad, subquadrate, convex, entirely
black, but densely clothed with light grey opaque dust; along the
middle of back there is a broad, brown stripe, as broad as the space
between the de., extending equally from in front, a little above the
not dusted postcephalic patch, to the scutellum, and continued also
on this latter; the short pubescence is pale yellowish on the back,
white on the pleurae; bristles black, the de. near the suture. Scu-
tellum narrowly grey at sides, with four bristles, but the apical much
smaller than the basal ones. Mesophragma convex, densely grey
dusted. MHalteres blackish. Abdomen narrower than, but about as
long as, the thorax; it is entirely black, grey dusted, opaque, with
556 Annals of the South African Museum.
two blackish stripes formed by confluent spots ; pubescencé whitish ;
terminal bristles black, venter and genitalia black. Legs rather
short and stout : coxae and femora black, grey dusted ; tips of femora,
tibiae, and tarsi yellowish ; front femora with two or three blackish
bristles below. Wings long (fig. 109), with small costal bristle ; last
portions of third and fourth veins straight and parallel ; small cross-
vein beyond the middle of the discoidal cell, its distance from the hind
one being a little longer than the hind cross-vein ; lower angle of anal
cell acute but little produced. Veins black, narrowly yellowish at base ;
third vein bare. Stigma elongate, black, with a rounded, yellowish
hyaline spot in the middle. The dark reticulation is rather faint and
diffuse. Wing-base hyaline; marginal cell with three hyaline spots,
the basal one larger; submarginal cell with six spots, the two last
formed by two confluent spots; first basal cell with three confluent
spots ; first posterior cell with eight spots in two rows and, moreover,
with a small one at end; second posterior cell with three marginal
spots and another larger at inner corner; discoidal cell with five
spots, one basal, the others in two confluent pairs; third posterior
cell with five or six indefinite and partly confluent spots.
Euribia lightfooti, sp. nov.
(PIREXGVE sts 11>)
Distinct by having a broad fuscous patch at end of wing, without
the usual hyaline spot at end of first posterior cell.
Type ¢ and type 2 from East London, July 1914 (R. M. Lightfoot),
and named in his honour ; some additional specimens from Barberton,
May 1914 (H. K. Munro).
$2. Length of body and wing, 3-5-3-6 mm.; of ovipositor, | mm.
Occiput yellowish, with a black spot in the middle, above the neck.
Frons a little longer than broad, entirely reddish, opaque ; ocellar
dot black; lunula whitish. Face and peristomialia yellowish, the
latter unspotted. Antennae entirely yellowish, shorter than the face ;
third joint about as long as the second, obtuse at end; arista bare.
Palpi short, whitish, with yellowish end; proboscis yellowish, elongate,
but with short terminal portion. Ocp. whitish ; vt., oc., and or. dark
yellowish; twoi.or. Thorax black, grey dusted, opaque, with yellow-
ish humeri and pleural sutures ; pubescence pale yellowish ; bristles
dark yellowish or blackish; dc. much before the line of the a. sa.
Scutellum yellowish, narrowly darkened at sides near the base, with
four bristles, all dark yellowish, the apical pair a little smaller.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 557
Mesophragma black, grey dusted ; halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen
yellowish, with two rows of broad, black, grey dusted spots, which
extends almost on the whole of the dorsal surface ; pubescence pale
yellowish ; terminal bristles dark yellowish; genitalia and venter
yellowish ; ovipositor broad, flat, as long as the two last abdominal
segments, reddish, with black tip. Coxae and legs entirely yellowish,
unspotted ; front femora below, with a row of three or four yellowish
bristles. Wings (fig. 110) long, with very small or indistinct costal
bristle ; second vein straight, third bare, last portions of third and
fourth straight and parallel; small cross-vein beyond middle of dis-
coidal cell, its distance from the hind one being a little longer than
the hind cross-vein; lower angle of the anal cell acute but little
produced. Stigma black, with yellowish hyaline base. The fuscous
reticulation is complete; base yellowish hyaline, with some faintly
infuscated spots. Marginal cell with hyaline base, with two larger
hyaline spots beyond the stigma and with another smaller rounded one
before the end; submarginal cell with hyaline base and with eight
hyaline spots, two of which are before the end, one above the other ;
first basal cell with three spots; first posterior cell with two larger
spots at base and with six others in two rows in the middle, the lower
ones broader, entirely black at end; discoidal cell with five or six
spots, the terminal ones disposed in two rows ; second posterior cell
with three or four spots along the border and with one or two,
often confluent, in the middle; third posterior cell with five to
seven faint and partly confluent spots ; axillary lobe with four or five
less distinct spots.
Euribia caffra, Loew, 1861.
(Pl. XV, fig. 111.)
Distinct by the two differentiated fuscous bands of the wing, and
from the preceding one by the small hyaline spot at end of first
posterior cell (fig. 111).
One male specimen from Bulawayo ; same specimens from Pretoria,
November 1917 (H. K. Munro).
To Loew’s description may be added: Eyes in life light brown, with
sreenish tinge. Occiput black in the middle, densely grey dusted,
with yellowish border; two 1. or.; frons one and one-half times
longer than broad ; lunula short, whitish yellow. Back of mesonotum
with three narrow dark stripes, evanescent behind, the middle one
less developed ; de. not much before the line of the a. sa.; one mpl. ;
a. sct. only a little smaller than the b. sct. Mesophragma black, with
558 Annals of the South African Museum.
a whitish dusted transverse band in the middle. Halteres whitish.
Abdomen with the hind borders of the segments often yellowish at
sides; the blackish dorsal spots are small. Ovipositor broad, flat,
shining reddish, with black base and black tip, as long as the two
last abdominal segments together. Front femora with four or five
blackish bristles below. Veins yellowish; last portions of third and
fourth straight and parallel; distance between the cross-veins less
than the length of the hind cross-vein; lower angle of anal cell
acute and rather produced.
Euribia dissoluta, Loew, 1861.
I have never succeeded in finding what could be this species, though
I think that my ¢ristrigata from Central Africa may be a form of it.
Even the Indian spiloptera, Bezzi, 1913, seems to be very nearly
allied.
CampicLossa, Rondani, 1870.
Campiglossa perspicillata, Bezzi, 1918.
(Pl. XV, fig. 114.)
One female specimen, Gt. Winterhoek, Tulbagh Division, 3000 ft.,
April 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot); Prospect, C.P., October 1922 (H. K.
Munro).
Camaromyt4, Hendel, 1914.
Camaromyia helva, Loew, 1861.
(Pl. XV, fig. 113.)
One female specimen, Krantzkop, Natal, November 1917 (K. H.
Barnard) ; Cape Flats, December 1900 (C. P. Lounsbury).
The ovipositor is short and flattened, but the shape of head and the
wing-pattern are typical. To Loew’s description may be added:
Frons about as broad as long; two i. or. De. much before the line
of the a. sa.; one mpl., but below this there is another bristle
shorter and whitish ; a. sct. about as long as the b. sct.; halteres pale
yellowish. Front femora with six or seven yellowish bristles below.
Second vein quite straight ; last portions of third and fourth veins
parallel; the distance between the cross-veins is about equal to the
length of the hind cross-vein. Lower angle of anal cell acute but not
produced (fig. 113).
ACANTHIOPHILUS, Becker, 1908.
¢
There are only two South African species of this “ genus,” very
easily distinguished by their very different wing-pattern.
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 559
Acanthiophilus ochraceus, Loew, 1861.
(EIROXV toe 28)
One specimen from Peddie, December 1921, and another from
Pretoria, January 1923 (H. K. Munro). To Loew’s description may
be added: Two i. or.; proboscis with the terminal part shorter
than the basal one. Mesonotum short and broad, nearly quadrate ;
de. before the line of a.sa. Front femora with three or four yellowish
bristles below. Wing-pattern (fig. 112), with faint reticulation, but
with three blackish spots in the marginal cell, and with a broad
apical spot, without hyaline dots, extending across the ends of sub-
marginal and of first posterior cell. Third and fourth veins parallel ;
distance between the cross-veins less than the length of hind cross-
vein; lower angle of anal cell acute and rather produced. Stigma
black, narrowly hyaline yellowish at the base, while Loew says that
it has a middle hyaline spot, well shown in the figure.
Acanthiophilus muiri, Bezzi, 1924.
(RIESE tio e115.)
Some specimens from East London, March 1925, bred from galls
on Brachylaena elliptica, Less.
The male is like the female; the last abdominal segment is not
bristly, only with whitish hairs; genitalia blackish, concealed. Back
of mesonotum not striped. Characteristic is the hyaline streak along
the costa just beyond the stigma, very like that observed in Afreutreta
bipunctata, Loew. The hyaline dots at basé of first posterior cell
vary in number from one to two. The faint reticulation in the
third posterior cell and in the axillary cell is always distinct (fig. 115).
TRYPANEA, Schrank, 1795.
There are in South Africa very numerous species and forms of this
genus, distinguishable as follows :—
1. (8) Pterostigma very short, higher than long, or nearly as long as high.
2. (3) Proboscis long and bicubitate ; pterostigma black, and united with the
black terminal pattern. : : : . rivularis, Sp. NOV.
(2) Proboscis short and not bicubitate.
4. (7) Pterostigma not united with the terminal pattern; basal hyaline spot
of the first posterior cell broad.
(6) Discoidal cell with a faintly infuscated band across the middle
peregrina, Ad.
SY
or
560
a
10.
(
- (
(
Annals of the South African Museum.
(5) Discoidal cell without such a band : : . mundella, var. nov.
(4) Stigma united ; basal hyaline spot narrow, fuscous reticulation extending
to the basal cross-veins . : tuckeri, Bezzi.*
(1) Pterostigma of usual shape, caunedy and usually two or three times
longer than high.
4
. (20) Pterostigma usually black, and always united with the terminal black
pattern, even if it is hyaline; hyaline spot at base of first posterior
cell always small.
(15) The black pattern is extended towards the base of wing to the second
basal cell and below into the discoidal cell; only two sct.; proboscis
bicubitate.
. (14) Wings of male with a “bulla” in the first posterior cell; pterostigma
hyaline.
. (13) Dark stripe of the discoidal cell narrow, not extending to the middle of
the cell; first basal cell unspotted : : . bulligera, sp. nov.
(12) The above-named stripe extended beyond the middle of discoidal cell ;
first basal cell with hyaline spot : : . bullosa, var. nov.
. (11) Male wings destitute of ~ bulla”; stigma infuscated along fore border
euarestind, Sp. NOV.
. (10) Black terminal pattern of wings ending much before the second basal cell.
(17) Proboscis short and simple; four sct.; a tooth-like black stripe in the
first basal cell along the third vein. : . dentiens, sp. nov.
6) Proboscis long and bicubitate.
19) Only two sct. ; no black stripe in the first basal cell . confluens, Wied.
18) Four sct. ; a black stripe into the first basal cell : auguralis, Bezzi.
(9) Pterostigma always hyaline or at most pale yellowish, not united with
the black terminal pattern ; proboscis always short and simple.
16
. (30) Four sct.; apical dark fork of wings usually present.
(27) Wings with the usual dark terminal fork.
(26) There is a yellowish patch around the small cross-vein; basal haif of
wing quite hyaline.
24, (25) End of discoidal cell with two fuscous rays ; submarginal cell with rounded
hyaline spot just above the small cross-vein . lutescens, sp. nov.
24) End of discoidal cell without fuscous rays; submarginal cell with no
rounded complete spot ; : F : . arrhiza, var. nov.
26. (23) No yellowish patch around the small cross-vein ; basal half of wing with
faded reticulation . . furcatella, var. nov.
. (22) Wings without complete fore inal forks the toe ray only being present ;
basal hyaline spot of first posterior cell broad.
28. (29) Basal half of wing with a faded reticulation ; abdomen reddish at base
pulchella, sp. nov.
) Basal half of wing quite hyaline ; abdomen not red mutila, sp. NOV.
(28
. (21) Only two sct. ; apical fork incomplete or quite wanting.
(32
) Lower ray of apical fork complete ; a black spot at end of third vein
superdecora, Sp. nov.
2. (31) Lower ray quite wanting or very abbreviated, never extended to the wing-
border ; no black spot at end of third vein.
* Repeated here for comparison ; see in the genus Euribia.
¥
a
al
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 561
33. (36) Terminal fuscous spot much reduced, sending no fuscous rays into the
second posterior cell . é : 6 . bisreducta, sp. nov.
34. (33) Terminal spot sending two fuscous rays into the second posterior cell.
35. (36) Species of greater size, with a peculiar pattern into the terminal half of
the discoidal cell ; bristles black u : ; . diversa, Wied.
36. (35) Smaller species, without such a pattern at end of discoidal cell and with
yellowish bristles : 5 : é : é . decora, Loew.
Trypanea rivularis, sp. nov.
(PIREXGVE tio sa165)
Very distinct among the species with shortened stigma, on account
of its long and bicubitate proboscis and of its peculiar wing-pattern.
Type 3, Matroosberg, Ceres Division, 5000 ft., November 1917 ;
type 2, Gt. Winterhoek, Tulbagh Division, 4500 ft., November 1916
(R. M. Lightfoot).
3. Length of body, 2-5-2-8 mm.; of wing, 2-8-3 mm.; of ovi-
positor, 0-8 mm. Head as depressed as in Ensina s. str.; occiput
pale yellowish, with a rounded, black patch in the middle. Frons
flat, very broad, gradually narrowed in front, about as broad as
long; it is opaque yellowish, with whitish orbits and with a small,
whitish ocellar triangle bearing a blackish dot; lunula whitish.
Face short, whitish, with very prominent mouth border; peri-
stomialia narrow, white, unspotted. Antennae entirely yellowish,
short, but as long as the face; third joint with sharp, prominent
upper corner; arista bare, with thickened base. Lower border of
head long; eyes elongated, with the greatest diameter horizontal ;
mouth opening broadly oval; palpi whitish; proboscis yellowish,
elongate, its basal part a little longer than the mouth, the terminal
part a little shorter than the basal one. Ocp. white; inner vt., oc.,
and or. dark yellowish; two i. or. Thorax black, densely clothed
with opaque, cinereous dust; humeri and notopleural sutures a
little yellowish ; pubescence pale yellowish ; bristles dark yellowish ;
dc. much before the line of a. sa. Scutellum like back, with reddish
hind border and with only the b. sct., which are inserted on small
black dots. Halteres whitish. Abdomen cinereous, with pale
yellowish pubescence ; hind border of the segments narrowly reddish
in the female ; last segment of the male as long as the two preceding
segments ; ovipositor shining black, only a little shorter than the
abdomen. Legs slender, entirely pale yellowish; front femora with
three or four yellowish bristles; spur of middle tibiae yellowish.
Wings (fig. 116) with small costal bristle and with very short stigma,
37
562 Annals of the South African Museum.
which 1s twice as high as long; second vein short and turned up
at end; third and fourth veins very divergent at end, the third being
upturned at end, and bare; distance between the cross-veins a little
shorter than the length of the hind cross-vein ; lower angle of anal
cell acute but not produced. Terminal pattern black, elongate, with
very long black rays; basal half of wing quite hyaline, with a dark
spot at extreme base of first basal cell and with a rounded dot at
lower end of anal cell; stigma black and united with the black
pattern by a black curved stripe, which is as broad as the breadth
of the base of submarginal cell. Marginal cell entirely black, with
three hyaline spots along the costa, two just beyond the stigma,
the first of whichis of much greater size, and a smaller one at end;
submarginal cell black, with two hyaline spots at end, the upper one-
smaller ; the apical fork is formed by two narrow, very long, diverging
black rays, each of which includes a small hyaline spot near the
base. Second posterior cell with three perpendicular black rays,
the basal one running along the hind cross-vein; discoidal cell
with two dark rays, one of which is near the end and extends to
hind border forming sometimes a hyaline rounded spot, the other,
near the middle, ending in the third posterior cell. First pos-
terior cell with a rounded hyaline spot at base, in contact with the
fourth vein, but above not reaching the third vein. First basal cell
hyaline, only a little blackened before the small cross-vein, which
is narrowly yellowish hyaline.
Trypanea peregrina, Adams, 1905 (=urophora, Bezzi, 1918).
(Gedy DQ vines, IIL 7/2)
Among the species with short stigma, this is distinct. by
having the first posterior cell broadly hyaline at base, the small
cross-vein being thus not included in the terminal black patch and
being usually not margined with fuscous (fig. 117).
Some specimens from Prospect, November 1922 (H. K. Munro).
Trypanea peregrina, var. mundella, var. nov.
(Pl. XV, fig. 118.)
Differing from the preceding only in the complete want of the
fuscous band across the middle of the discoidal cell, even as a spot
on the fifth vein.
Some specimens of both sexes from Prospect and from Pretoria,
December 1922 and January 1923 (H. K. Munro).
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 563
Trypanea bulligera, sp. nov.
(Talk OW, ies IANS.)
A species of proportionately greater size, distinct by the charac-
teristic wing-pattern and by the peculiar, prominent “ bulla” near
the end of the wing in the male sex.
Type g and 9, a couple of specimens from Gt. Winterhoek, Tulbagh
Division, 4500 ft., November 1916 (R. M. Lightfoot).
$2. length of body and wing, 4 mm.; of ovipositor, 1 mm.
Occiput pale yellowish, with a triangular blackish spot above,
extending from the neck to the vertex. Frons flat, but rather prom1-
nent in profile near the root of antennae, one and one-half times longer
than broad, opaque reddish, with whitish sides and blackish ocellar
spot; lunula whitish; face and peristomialia yellowish, the latter
unspotted. Antennae entirely reddish, shorter than the face ; thira
joint rounded at end; arista bare. Mouth border prominent, but
the lower border of head short; mouth opening broad; palpi
and proboscis yellowish, the latter elongate, its basal part longer
than the mouth, the terminal part shorter than the basal. Eyes
rounded, their longest diameter being the vertical one. Ocp.
whitish ; inner vt., oc., and or. black; two 1. or. Thorax entirely
black, clothed on the back with a bluish cinereous dust, and
on the sides and pleurae with dark grey, but on the sternopleura
again bluish cinereous; the short pubescence is whitish; bristles
black; de. placed much before the line of a. sa. Scutellum lke
back, with only the b. sct.; mesophragma like back. MHalteres
yellowish, with darkened knob. Abdomen broad, coloured like back
of mesonotum, but more shining blackish in the female ; pubescence
in both sexes whitish; ovipositor shining black. Legs entirely
reddish yellow ; front femora with a row of yellowish bristles below.
Wings (fig. 119) elongate, with small costal bristle; second vein
long and straight; third vein bare, straight in the female, curved
below just beyond the peculiar “ bulla’ in the male, but in both
parallel with the last portion of the fourth vein ; cross-veins closely
approximated, chiefly in the male, their distance apart being less than
the length of the small cross-vein ; lower angle of anal cell rectangular,
not at all acute. Stigma hyaline, distinctly longer than high. The
blackish pattern is characterised by the broad prolongation to the
basal cross-veins; the costal and marginal cells and the stigma
are hyaline, forming a hyaline costal stripe, which is broader in
the male than in the female; moreover, the marginal cell has a
564 Annals of the South African Museum.
triangular, hyaline indentation before the end. The dark middle
stripe of wing is extended only a little below into the discoidat cell,
without reaching its middle. In the male the black, rounded “ bulla ”
is a little before the middle of the first posterior cell, near the third
longitudinal vein, and extending below not beyond the middle of
the cell; this “ bulla”? is concave on upper surface of wing and
prominent on lower surface, and is, moreover, more intensively
black than the surrounding parts. There is a small hyaline spot
in the submarginal cell just below the end of the second vein.
Apical fork complete; in the middle of the second posterior ceil
there are two perpendicular dark rays, another along the hind cross-
vein, and one in the discoidal cell, prolonged in the male to the
hind border of wing, but not in the female. A small hyaline spot at_
base of first posterior cell, just above the upper end of hind cross-vein.
First basal cell entirely black to the end.
Trypanea bulligera, var. bullosa, var. nov.
(Pl. XV, fig. 120.)
One male specimen from Hottentots Holland Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon
Division, 1916 (K. H. Barnard).
3. Differs from the above description as follows: .The hyaline
stripe along the fore border of wing is interrupted by a black, oblique
band just beyond the stigma. The first basal cell has a rounded
hyaline dot before the small cross-vein, symmetrically placed with
that in the base of first posterior cell. The black rays at hind border
are broader. The black middle stripe of wing is much broader,
extending below into the discoidal cell beyond the middle of the cell,
and in the basal part reaching even the fifth vein. The “ bulla” is
as in the preceding (fig. 120).
Trypanea euarestina, sp. nov.
(BL XW, fie. 1215)
Very like the preceding bulligera, but at once distinguishable in the
male sex by the complete want of the “ bulla.”
Type 3g, a badly preserved specimen from Hottentots Holland
Mts., 4000 ft., Caledon Division, 1916 (K. H. Barnard). I have seen
also a male from Willowmore in the Museum of Budapest, collected
by Dr. H. Brauns. ,
A
3. Length of body and wing about 4 mm. and more. Occiput
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 565
black in the middle, pale yellowish at sides and below. Frons a
little longer than broad, opaque reddish on anterior half, greyish
on posterior half, with whitish sides and dark ocellar spot ; lunula
yellowish. Face and peristomialia yellowish, the latter unspotted ;
mouth border a little prominent. Antennae entirely reddish ; third
joint obtuse at end; arista bare. Palpi and proboscis reddish, the
latter short and thick. Ocp. white; inner vt., oc., and or. black;
twoi.or. Thorax and scutellum and their chaetotaxy as in bulligera ;
halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen. shining black on terminal half,
dusted like back of mesonotum on basal half. Legs entirely reddish.
Wings (fig. 121) as in bulligera, but quite destitute of the prominent
“ bulla ” of the first posterior cell, and thus the last portion of third
vein is quite straight. Even the pattern is very similar, but the
stigma is infuscated along the costal border; the dark stripe in
the discoidal cell is narrow; the end of the marginal cell is more
intensively black than the surrounding parts.
Trypanea dentiens, sp. nov.
(POV ptieal2 25)
Distinct from the three preceding species by the black wing-pattern
being more shortened basally, and by the four sct.
Some male specimens from Pretoria, November to January
(H. K. Munro).
3. Length of body and wing, 355 mm. Occiput black, grey
dusted, with pale yellowish border, and more broadly whitish below.
Frons a little longer than broad, opaque, with reddish yellow
anterior half, with greyish basal half, and with whitish sides ; lunula
pale yellowish; face and peristomialia yellowish, the latter narrow
and unspotted. Antennae entirely yellowish, shorter than the
face ; third joint with prominent upper corner, but rounded at end ;
arista bare. Mouth bordera little prominent ; palpi broad, yellowish ;
proboscis short and thick, yellowish. Ocp. white; inner vt., oc.,
and or. black; two i. or. Thorax black, but densely clothed with
bluish grey opaque dust, and darker grey on the pleurae; humeri
reddish ; bristles black; pubescence whitish; dc. much before the
line of a.sa.; onempl. Scutellum lke back, with four black bristles,
the apical ones only one-half as long as the others. Mesophragma
like back; halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen lke back of meso-
notum, with whitish pubescence; male genitalia reddish below.
Legs entirely reddish ; front femora with a row of yellowish bristles
566 Annals of the South African Museum.
below. Wings (fig. 122) with elongate stigma and with small
costal bristle; last portions of third and fourth veins quite straight
and parallel; distance between the cross-veins less than the
length of the hind cross-vein; lower angle of anal cell acute and
a little produced. The black pattern stops at stigma, with which it
is broadly united, and is characterised by the presence of an acute
black tooth in the first basal cell, running along the third vein.
The stigma is black, with narrowly yellowish base. Just beyond the
stigma there are in the marginal cell two hyaline elongate streaks,
the anterior of which is larger; submarginal cell with a small
hyaline spot just below the end of second vein and with another
broader one at end. All the five fuscous rays are narrow and complete,
two forming the long terminal fork, two parallel and perpendicular-
across the middle of the second posterior cell, and one along the
hind cross-vein; moreover, there are two abbreviated rays in the
terminal part of the discoidal cell, the basal one more long and oblique,
not reaching the fifth vein, on which there is, however, an isolated
dark spot. The basal part of the wing is whitish hyaline and quite
unspotted ; the hyaline spot in the first posterior cell is small.
Trypanea confluens, Wiedemann, 1830.
(Pl. XV, fig. 123.)
Of smaller size than the four preceding species, and at once dis-
tinguished by the long, bicubitate proboscis and by the dark middle
stripe on back of mesonotum.
One male from Cape Province (without precise locality); very
numerous specimens of both sexes from Pretoria and Prospect,
November to January (H. K. Munro).
To Loew’s redescription may be added: Frons a little longer
than broad; only two i. or., dark yellowish, like all the frontal
bristles ; occiput blackish grey above the neck. Back of mesonotum
bluish, pleurae dark grey; the dark middle stripe is always present,
and is very characteristic ; bristles dark yellowish; de. much before
the line of a. sa.; only one pair of sct. Wings (fig. 123) with the
stigma twice as long as high; second longitudinal vein ending
midway between ends of first and of third; third and fourth
diverging towards the end; distance between the cross-vein about
equal to the length of small cross-vein; sixth vein shortened ;
lower angle of anal cell acute but not produced.
South African Trypaneid Dvptera. 567
Trypanea auguralis, Bezzi, 1908.
(Pl. XV, fig. 124.)
Distinguished from the preceding by the presence of a small pair
of a. sct.
Originally described from East Africa, there are a few specimens
from Bloemfontein and East London (H. K. Munro).
Trypanea lutescens, sp. nov.
(Pl. XVj ig. 125.)
Among the species with hyaline pterostigma and with four sct.,
the present one is distinguished by the yellowish patch around the
small cross-vein.
One male specimen from Pretoria, December 1916 (H. K. Munro).
3. Length of body and wings, 4:5 mm. Occiput pale yellowish,
with a black, grey-dusted spot in the middle above the neck. Frons
very broad, not longer than broad, reddish opaque, with greyish
sides and ocellar area ; lunula broad, reddish. Face and peristomialia
whitish, unspotted. Antennae entirely yellowish, short, extending
only a little beyond the middle of face; third joint with the upper
corner acute but not produced; arista bare. Mouth border very
little produced; mouth opening broad and rounded; palpi and
proboscis yellowish, the latter short and thick. Ocp. white, the other
bristles yellowish; two i. or. Thorax black, densely grey dusted,
opaque; humeri and notopleural line yellowish; pubescence pale
yellowish ; bristles yellowish; de. much before the line of a. sa. ;
one mpl. Scutellum lke back, with four yellowish bristles ; meso-
phragma grey. MHalteres pale yellowish. Abdomen like back of
mesonotum, with narrow reddish hind border of the segments.
Legs entirely reddish ; front femora with a complete row of yellowish
bristles below. Wings (fig. 125) with distinct costal bristle and with
elongate stigma; last portions of third and fourth veins straight
and a little diverging outwardly; distance between the cross-veins
less than the length of hind cross-vein; lower angle of anal cell
acute but not produced. The stigma is pale yellowish, and not
united with the terminal pattern, which is brown, with a yellowish
patch around the small cross-vein. A hyaline triangular indentation
before the end of marginal cell; submarginal cell with two hyaline
rounded spots, one in the middle just above the small cross-vein,
the other, smaller, just below the end of second vein, and, moreover,
568 Annals of the South African Museum.
with a terminal triangular indentation ; a small hyaline spot at base
of first posterior cell. The two apical rays of the fork have a rounded
hyaline spot in their base; second posterior cell with three inden-
tations and one rounded spot on upper internal corner, the two
usual dark rays being thus sinuous; end of discoidal cell on its
upper terminal part with two rounded hyaline spots, which are
incomplete below, forming thus two abbreviated rays. More than
the basal half of wing is hyaline; but in the third posterior cell
there are two faintly infuscated, small spots, one in the middle,
the other at wing-border before the end.
Trypanea woodi, Bezzi, 1924, var. arrhiza, var. nov.
The type species is from Nyasaland, distinguished by the four sct.,
by the hyaline isolated pterostigma, and by the yellowish patch around
the small cross-vein. The variety is distinct in lacking the fuscous
ray in the end of the discoidal cell (while wood: has one and lutescens
two of these rays).
Some specimens of both sexes from Toise River, East London,
December 1923 (H. K. Munro).
Trypanea subcompleta furcatella, var. nov.
(BIE Xr tie: 126;)
Almost the same as the species subcompleta, Bezzi, 1921, from
British East Africa, but much smaller and with more faint basal
reticulation of wings.
East London, July—August (H. K. Munro).
39. Length of body, 2mm.; of wing, 2-2mm. Perfectly answering
to the description, but one-half smaller ; the reticulation of the basal
half of wing (fig. 126) is less indicated; a. sct.-much smaller than
the b. sct.; abdomen entirely black, grey dusted, with no distinct
yellowish hind border of the segments.
Trypanea pulchella, sp. nov.
(PIXE fio 2)
Closely allied with the preceding form, but distinct by the broadly
reddish base of abdomen and by the complete want of the upper
ray of the apical fork of wings.
Some specimens of both sexes from Bloemfontein and from
Pretoria, November—January (H. K. Munro).
$9. Length of body, 2:2-2-4 mm.; of wing, 2-3-2-5 mm.; of
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 569
ovipositor, 0-6 mm. Occiput pale yellowish, with a black middle spot
above the neck. Frons narrow, but only one and one-half times longer
than broad, opaque, reddish yellow, greyish on the basal half, with
paler sides; lunula yellowish. Face and peristomialia whitish, the
latter narrow, unspotted. Antennae a little shorter than the face,
entirely reddish; third joint with the upper corner acute but not
produced ; arista bare, thickened basally. Mouth border very little
prominent ; proboscis short and thick, reddish like the palpi. Ocp.
whitish, the other bristles yellowish; two i. or., but sometimes a
third, smaller, is present anteriorly. Thorax densely clothed with
opaque, pale yellowish grey dust, with reddish humeri; bristles
yellowish, those of back inserted on small black dots; scutellum
broadly yellowish at hind border, with four yellowish bristles, the long
b. sct. on black dots, the a. sct. much shorter and decussate. Meso-
phragma grey; halteres whitish. Abdomen in both sexes with the
basal half reddish, the apical half grey ; pubescence pale yellowish ;
ovipositor shining black, about as long as the three last segments.
Legs entirely reddish; front femora with a row of pale yellowish
bristles below. Wings (fig. 127) with small costal bristle and elongate
stigma; second, third, and fourth veins straight and gradually
diverging outwardly; distance between the cross-veins less than
the length of hind cross-vein; lower angle of anal cell acute and
distinctly produced; sixth vein reaching hind border. Stigma
pale yellowish. Wing-pattern as in furcatella, and likewise with a
very faint basal reticulation; characteristic for the species is the
incomplete apical fork, the upper ray of which is quite wanting.
Trypanea mutila, sp. nov.
(Pl. XV, fig. 128.)
Among the species with hyaline elongate pterostigma and with
four sct., the present one is distinct by the incomplete rays of the star-
shaped spot and by the quite hyaline basal part of wing.
One specimen from East London, August 1922 (H. K. Munro).
®. Length of body, 3 mm.; of wing, 3:2 mm.; of ovipositor,
0-5 mm. Occiput pale yellowish, with a blackish-grey spot above the
neck. Frons one and one-half times as long as broad, opaque yellowish,
with pale greyish orbits; lunula whitish. Antennae shorter than
the face, reddish yellow; third joint rounded at end; arista bare.
Face and peristomialia whitish, unspotted; mouth border very little
prominent ; proboscis and palpi pale yellowish, the former short.
570 Annals of the South African Museum.
Ocp. whitish, the other bristles dark yellowish; three i. or. Thorax
opaque, with yellowish grey dust on the back and with dark grey
dust on the pleurae; bristles dark yellowish, those of back on small
black dots; de. much before the line of a. sa. Scutellum with
yellowish hind border and with four yellowish bristles, the b. sct.
longer and inserted on black dots. Mesophragma grey ; halteres pale
yellowish. Abdomen like back of mesonotum; ovipositor shining
black, shorter than the two last segments. Legs entirely yellowish ;
front femora with a row of whitish bristles below. Wings (fig. 128)
with small costal bristle and with elongate stigma ; second, third, and
fourth veins straight and gradually diverging outwardly; distance
between the cross-veins less than the length of hind cross-vein ;
lower angle of anal cell a little produced ; sixth vein complete. Veins -
yellowish at base, blackish on the rest. Wings quite hyaline, with a
small and incomplete, blackish, star-shaped, terminal spot; stigma
pale yellowish. Upper ray of the terminal fork indicated only by a
small spot at end of third vein, lower ray complete; of the two usual
rays of the second posterior cell, the first is narrowed in the middle
and the second is interrupted in the middle; the ray along the hind
cross-vein is faintly developed; base of first posterior cell broadly
hyaline, with a small rounded hyaline spot just above the hind cross-
vein; hyaline spots and indentations of fore border as usual, but
the hyaline spot just below the end of second vein is very small.
Small cross-vein completely free, not margined with fuscous.
Trypanea superdecora, sp. nov.
(RIE EXO ities P29))
A species with only two sct., distinct from decora in having the
lower ray of the terminal fork complete, and, moreover, with a black
spot at end of third vein.
Both sexes from Barberton, May 1913 (H. K. Munro).
$2. Length of body and wing, 2-5—-2-6 mm. ; of ovipositor, 0-6 mm.
Occiput pale yellowish, with a blackish grey bilobate spot above the
neck. Frons reddish or yellowish, opaque, with whitish sides and
ocellar spot; lunula whitish. Face and peristomialia yellowish,
the latter very narrow and unspotted. Antennae a little shorter
than the face, entirely reddish; third joint with the upper corner
acute and rather prominent; arista bare. Mouth border hardly
prominent ; proboscis short and thick, reddish like the palpi. Ocp.
white, the other bristles yellowish; three i. or. Thorax black,
South African Trypaneid Diptera. 571
clothed on the back with dense bluish dust, and with darker grey
dust on the pleurae; pubescence whitish; bristles dark yellowish,
those of back inserted on small black dots; de. much before the line
ofthea.sa. Scutellum like back, with only the b. sct. Mesophragma
grey; halteres pale yellowish. Abdomen like back of mesonotum,
with the base distinctly reddish in the male; pubescence pale yellow-
ish ; ovipositor shining black, only a little longer than the two last
segments. Legs entirely orange ; front femora with a row of yellowish
bristles below. Wings (fig. 129) with elongate stigma and small
costal bristle; second, third, and fourth veins straight and gradu-
ally diverging outwardly; distance between the cross-veins less
than the length of hind cross-vein; sixth vein complete; lower
angle of anal cell acute and distinctly a little produced. Stigma very
faintly yellowish ; basal part of wing quite hyaline; veins yellowish,
darkened at end. Apical star-shaped pattern as in decora, with the
following differences: there is a broad, isolated black spot at end of
third vein; the lower ray of the terminal fork is complete; the
hyaline indentation between the above-named ray and the first ray
of the second posterior cell is extended into the first posterior cell
(while in decora it stops at fourth vein) ; all these rays are broader ;
the small cross-vein is margined with fuscous.
Trypanea bisreducta, sp. nov.
(Pl. XV, fig. 130.)
Distinct from all the other species in having the apical dark pattern
of wing reduced to a small rounded spot, destitute of radiating streaks.
Type 9, a single specimen from Modderpoort, 30th October 1919
(J. C. Faure).
2. Length of body and wing, 3-5 mm.; of ovipositor, 1 mm.
Occiput pale yellowish, with a blackish-grey spot above the neck.
Frons as broad as long, opaque yellowish, with whitish orbits and with
grey ocellar spot; lunula pale yellowish. Antennae wanting. Face
and peristomialia yellowish ; proboscis short. Ocp. white, the other
bristles yellowish ; twoi. or. Thorax and scutellum bluish grey, with
dark yellowish bristles; scutellum with only the b. sct. Halteres
pale yellowish. Abdomen like back of mesonotum; ovipositor
shining black, as long as the three last segments. Legs entirely
reddish. Wings (fig. 130) with elongate stigma and with small costal
bristle; nervation as in the preceding. They are quite hyaline,
with pale yellowish stigma ; the apical spot is blackish, and is without
572 Annals of the South African Museum.
any ray, even without the anterior one, extending inferiorly only a
little over the fourth vein with a rudimentary tooth; neither of the
cross-veins are margined with fuscous, or only the upper end of
the hind cross-vein is a little infuscated. There is a small, rounded
hyaline spot below the end of second vein and two small hyaline
spots above the fourth vein.
Trypanea diversa, Wiedemann, 1830.
(PL PXCV fotolia)
Among the species of the present group it is very distinct on account
of its greater size, of its long ovipositor, and of its peculiar pattern
in theterminal part of the discoidal cell.
Two male specimens from Oudebosch, Caledon Division, December
1920 (K. H. Barnard). ;
To Loew’s redescription may be added: Ocp. whitish, the other
bristles black; three or four i. or.; ocellar spot blackish; lunula
reddish ; frons one and one-half times as long as broad; proboscis
short and thick, but distinctly cubitate. Dec. before the line of a.
sa.; a. sct. wanting. Front femora with a row of blackish bristles
below. Wings (fig. 131) with normal nervation; stigma twice as
long as high.
Trypanea decora, Loew, 1861.
(PIXOV hice 325)
Probably only a variety of amoena, from which it is distinguished
by the complete want of the fuscous band issuing from the pterostigma.
One male from Zululand, M’fongosi, February 1914 (W. E. Jones) ;
numerous specimens from Bloemfontein, East London, Arnoldton,
Kingwilliamstown, in part bred from Senecio ruderalis (H. K. Munro).
To Loew’s original description may be added: The male is like the
female. Occiput with the usual bilobate black spot above the neck.
Frons only a little longer than broad; ocp. white, the other
bristles dark yellowish; three to five i. or. Thoracic and scutellar
bristles dark yellowish; front femora with yellowish bristles below.
Stigma (fig. 132) twice as long as high; third and fourth veins
parallel; distance between the cross-veins less than the length
of the hind cross-vein; lower angle of anal cell acute but little
produced; sixth vein complete. The dark spot on the middle of
fifth vein is sometimes wanting. The second dark ray in the
second posterior cell is sometimes interrupted in the middle.
South African Trypaneid Diptera.
INDEX.
A PAGE }
abyssinica (Spathulina), Bez. 537 | bulligera (Trypanea), Bez.
Acanthiophilus, Beck. 558 | bullosa (Trypanea), Bez.
Acidioxantha, Hend. . 502
Aciura, R.-D. . ; } 512 C
acrosticta (Spathulina), Bez. 539 | caffra (Euribia), Loew
adatha (Elaphromyia), Walk. . 527 | Camaromyia, Hend. .
Adraminae . 451,470 |) Campiglossa, Rond. 3 :
africanus (Dacus), Aa. . 462 | capensis (Spheniscomyia), Rond.
Afreutreta, Bez. 527 | capitata (Ceratitis), Wied. .
Afrocneros, Bez. 489 | Carpophthoromyia, Aust.
Afrodacus, Bez.. : : . 469 | Cecidochares, Bez.
albomaculatum (Trirhithrum), v. Ceratitinae
Rod. . : . 485 | Ceratitis, MacLeay
albonigrum (Trirhithrum), End. 485 Chaetodacus, Bez. .
aliena (Pardalaspis), Bez. 482 | chrysomphalus (Tridacus), Bez,
Allotrypes, Bez. 6 502 | ciliatus (Dacus), Loew
amoena (Carpophthoromyia), End. 474 Coelopacidia, Bez.
amoena (Trypanea), Frauent. 572 | Coelotrypes, Bez. y ,
amplifrons (Euaresta), Bez. 530 | compacta (Spheniscomyia), Bez. .
anceps (Ensina), Loew 550 | confluens (Trypanea), Wied.
angusta (Aciura), Loew 513 | conyzae (Spathulina), Frauenf.
anomalina (Spathulina), Bez. 536 | cornutus (Pterandrus), Bez.
Anomoea, Walk. 492 | cosyra (Pardalaspis), Walk.
apoxanthus (Dacus), Bez. 466 | Craspedoxantha, Bez.
arcucincta (Spathulina), Bez. 540 | cribripennis (Ensina), Bez. .
arrhiza (Trypanea), Bez. 568 | cyana (Huribia), Walk.
asclepiadens (Dacus), Bez. . 468 | cyclopica (Tephrella), Bez. .
asparagi (Pardalaspis), Bez. 480
asparagi (Zacerata), Coq. 499 D
auguralis (Trypanea), Bez. . 567 | Dacinae
australis (Terellia), Bez. 508 | Dacus, Fabr. . :
decolor (Dacus), Bez.
B decora (Trypanea), Loew
barnardi (Ensina), Bez. 547 | dentiens (Trypanea), Bez.
bigemmatus (Dacus). Bez. 467 | diademata (Perilampsis), Bez.
biguttulus (Afrodacus), Bez. 470 | dimidiata (Carpophthoromyia),
bimaculatum (Trirhithrum), v. iBeza iar :
Rod. x is 486 | diminuta (Spathulina), Bez.
binaria (Spheniscomyia), Loew 516 | discoidalis (Afreutreta), Bez.
binotatus (Dacus), Loew 465 | dispar (Tephrella), Bez.
bipunctata (Afreutreta), Loew 529 | dissoluta (Euribia), Loew
biseriata (Afreutreta), Bez.. 530 | dissoluta (Hermannloewia), Bez. .
biseuarestina (Spathulina), Bez. . 539 | distigma (Tephrella), Bez. .
bisreducta (Trypanea), Bez. 571 | diversa (Trypanea), Wied. .
bistrigulatus (Dacus), Bez. . 461 | dubia (Ensina), Walk.
bivittatus (Tridacus), Big. MS. 455
brevicornis (Allotrypes), Bez. 502 E
brevifrons (Pliomelaena), Bez. 532 | eclipsis (Tridacus), Bez.
brevis (Dacus), Coq. . 468 | Elaphromyia, Big. . i
brevistriga (Dacus), Walk. 461 | elegantula (Spathulina), Bez.
brevistylus (Dacus), Bez. 458, 462 | Ensina, Rob.-Desy.
brunithorax (Phorellia), R.-D. 488 | Euaresta, Loew .
451,
451,
PAGE
563
564
OUT © O1
mMINODDMmM
Or Or Or H>® Ot
574
PAGE
euarestina (Spathulina), Bez. 543
euarestina (Trypanea), Bez. 564
Euribia, Meig. : 553
euryomma (Spathulina), Bez. 537
Eutretosoma, Hend. 521
evanida (Ensina), Bez. 549
excellens (Afrocneros), Loew 490
F
fasciolata (Ensina), Bez. 50)
fasciolata (Rhachochlaena), Loew 487
fasciventris (Pterandrus), Bez. 477
ficicola (Dacus), Bez. : 462
flexuosa (Pardalaspis), Walk. 482
frauentfeldi (Afreutreta), Schin. 528
furcatella (Trypanea), Bez. . 568
fuscatus (Dacus), Wied. 455, 460
fuscovittatus (Tridacus), Grah. 453
G
gladiatrix (Ensina), Bez. 548
Gonyglossum, Rond. 508
gracilipes (Metasphenisca), Loew. 518
gracilis (Allotrypes), Loew . 502
grata (Leucotaeniella), Wied. 475
H
haematopoda (Aciura), Bez. 512
helva (Camaromyia), Loew 558
Hermannloewia, Bez. : . 496
hessii (Spathulina), Wied. 542
hieroglyphica (Ensina), Bez. 552
hyalipennis (Ensina), Bez. . 549
hysia (Terellia) Walk. 506
I
ignobilis (Ensina), Loew 551
immaculatus (Dacus), Coq. 465
indecora (Urophora), Loew 502
interrupta (Ocnerioxa), Bez. 491
Ji
jucunda (Hermannloewia), Loew 497
L
laticeps (Themarictera), Loew 486
Leucotaeniella, Bez. 475
lightfooti (Euribia), Bez. 556
liliputiana (Ensina), Bez. 549
lotus (Tridacus), Bez. . 455
lounsburyi (Tridacus), Coq. 453, 458
luniferum (Platomma), Loew 526
lunifrons (Euaresta), Bez. 530
lutescens (Trypanea), Bez. . 567
lycii (Trirhithrum), Coq. 484
M
madagascariensis (Coelopacidia),
End. : : 2 . 494
Annals of the South African Museum.
PAGH
magnipalpis (Ensina), Bez. 552
major (Rhacochlaena), Bez. 487
majuscula (Spathulina), Bez. 536
margaritifera (Spathulina), Bez. 535
marginalis (Craspedoxantha),
Wied. : : 505
marginalis (Dacus), Bez. . 462
marginata (Sphenella), Fall. 544
marshalli (Dacus), Bez. 461
marshalli (Eutretosoma), Bez. 522
marshalli (Perirhithrum), Bez. 521
marshalli (Rhabdochaeta), Bez. 522
marshalli (Taomyia), Bez. . 489
melanaspis (Pardalaspis), Bez. 480
melanostigma (Sphenella), Bez. 544
melas (Elaphromyia), Big. . 527
Meracanthomyia, Hend. 470
Mesanopin, End. 527
Metasphenisca, Hend. : 518 ©
minimum (Trirhithrum), Bez. 484
muiri (Acanthiophilus), Bez. 559
mundella (Trypanea), Bez. 562
mundissimus (Afreeneros), Bez. . 490
mundus (Afroeneros), Loew 490
munroana (Rhynchoedaspis), Bez. 509
Munroella, Bez. 510
munroi (Rhochmopterum), Bez. 523
munroi (Spathulina), Bez. 535
munroi (Xanthanomoea), Bez. 492
Munromyia, Bez. 470
mutila (Trypanea). Bez. 569
myiopitina (Munroella), Bez. 511
myiopitoides (Ensina), Bez. 551
N
neavei (Spheniscomyia), Bez. 516
neuropteripenne Scene
terum), Speis. 523
nigricornis (Sphenella), Bez. 545
nigriseta (Aciura), Bez. 513
nitidum (Trirhithrum), v. Réd. 485
Notomma, Bez.. - 496
Nudiseta (Munromyia), Bez. 470
O
oborinia (Aciura), Walk. 513
occipitale (Trirhithrum), Bez. 486
ochraceus (Acanthiophilus), Loew 559
Ocnerioxa, Speis. : 490
Oedaspis, Loew . 508
oleae (Dacus), Gmel. . 467
| Oxyna, Loew 553
1?
parca (Spathulina), Bez. 539
| parceguttata (Spathulina), Bez 539
Pardalaspis, Bez. A ; 479
pectoralis (Tridacus), Walk. 455
pedestris (Pardalaspis), Bez. 480
South African Trypaneid Dvptera.
peregrina (Trypanea), Ad. .
Perilampsis, Bez. 5 :
peringueyi (Euribia), Bez. .
peringueyi (Phorellia), Bez.
peringueyi (Spathulina), Bez.
Perirhithrum, Bez.
perspicillata (Campiglossa), Bez.
Phagocarpus, Rond. .
Phorellia, Rob.-Desv. ;
planifrons (Euaresta), Loew
planiscutellata (Terellia), Beck.
Platomma, Bez. : :
plebeja (Ensina), Bez.
Pliomelaena, Bez. : ;
podocarpi (Pterandrus), Bez.
polygramma (Eutretosoma), Walk.
polyspila (Craspedoxantha), Bez.
praetexta (Euribia), Loew .
Pterandrus, Bez. 7 :
pulchella (Perilampsis), Aust.
pulchella (Rhacochlaena), Bez.
pulchella (Trypanea), Bez. .
punctatifrons (Tridacus), Karsch.
punctiventris (Rivelliomima), Bez.
purpurifrons (Dacus), Bez. .
Q
quaternaria (Spheniscomyia), Bez.
quinaria (Pardalaspis), Bez.
quinaria (Spheniscomyia), Bez.
R
Rhabdochaeta, De Meij.
Rhabdochaetinae
Rhacochlaena, Loew .
Rhochmopterum, Speis.
Rhynchoedaspis, Bez.
Rivelliomima, Bez. ,
rivularis (Trypanea), Bez. .
rosa (Pterandrus), Karsch .
rubicundus (Dacus), Bez.
rubivorus (Pterandrus), Coq.
ruficauda (Terellia), Fabr. .
rufiventris (Pliomelaena), Bez.
rufus (Dacus), Bez.
S
scaber (Tridacus), Loew
Schistopterinae : 5
semiatra (Spathulina), Loew
semirufa (Spathulina), Bez.
sexmaculata
Macq.
sexmaculatus (Dacus), Walk.
silvestrii (Pardalaspis), Bez.
simplex (Spathulina), Bez. .
sinuata (Ocnerioxa), Loew .
siphonina (Ensina), Bez.
Sitarea, Rob.-Desv.
ABI,
(Spheniscomyia),
PAGE
562
482
E15 ¥5)
488
538
521
558
492
488
532
508
526
551
532
575
PAGE
sororcula (Ensina), Wied. 548
Sosiopsila, Bez. AO
Spathulina, Rond. 518, 534
sphaeristicus (Tridacus), Speis. . 453
sphaerostigma (Tridacus), Bez. 457
Sphenella, Rob.-Desv. 544
Spheniscomyia, Bez. 513
spiloptera (Euribia), Bez. 558
stigmatica (Pliomelaena), Bez. 533
strictifrons (Pliomelaena), Bez. 532
strigata (Coelopacidia), Bez. 473
stylifer (Tridacus), Bez. 455
subcompleta (Trypanea), Bez. 568
subfuscatus (Dacus), Bez. 460
superdecora (Trypanea), Bez. 970
AY
taeniaptera (Terellia), Bez. . 506
Taomyia, Bez. : 489
taomyioides (Zacerata), Bez. 500
Tephrella, Bez. . 0 : 5, Ole
Tephritis, Latr. 3 a O05 53
Terellia, Rob.-Desv. 5 2506
ternaria (Spheniscomyia), Loew. 514
tetrachaeta (Aciura), Bez. . 512
Themarictera, Hend. . 486
Tridacus, Bez. . 452
Trirhithrum, Bez. : ; 483
tristis (Spathulina), Loew . 543
tristrigata (Euribia), Bez. 558
Trypanea, Schrank . 559
Trypaneinae. 451, 524
tuckeri (Euribia), Ben ~ 9553
U
ulula (Elaphromyia), Loew . 527
unimaculata (Craspedoxantha),
IBA, 505
Urophora, Rob. Des, 501
urophora (Trypanea), Bez. . 562
Vv
vertebratus (Dacus), Bez. 458, 462
vittata (Carpophthoromyia), Fabr. 474
vittatus (Coelotrypes), Bez. 495
W
winthemi (Terellia), Meig. . 506
woodi (Dacus), Bez. ; 464
woodi (Kutretosoma), Bez. . 522
woodi (Trypanea), Bez. 568
x
Xanthanomoea, Bez. 492
xanthopus (Dacus), Bez. 464
Z
Zacerata, Coq.
498
576 Annals of the South African Museum.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
All wings enlarged, partly schematic.
PLATE XIl.
1. Tridacus lounsburyi, Coq. ¢. 19. Carpophthoromyia dimidiata, n. sp.
2. Tridacus pectoralis, Walk. 6. 5
3. Tridacus chrysomphalus, n. sp. @. 20. Pterandrus rubivorus, Coq. 6.
4, Tridacus eclipsis, Bez. . 21. Pterandrus cornutus,n. sp. 3.
5. Tridacus sphaerostigma, n. sp. . 22. Pterandrus podocarpi, n. sp. 9.
6. Dacus fuscatus, Wied. . 23. Pardalaspis melanaspis, Bez. <.
7. Dacus marshalli, Bez. ¢. 24. Pardalaspis pedestris, n. sp. 6.
8. Dacus vertebratus, Bez. 6. 25. Pardalaspis aliena, Bez. §.
9. Dacus brevistylus, Bez. ¢. 26. Pardalaspis asparagi, n. sp. Q.
10. Dacus apoxanthus, n. sp. 3G. 27. Pardalaspis cosyra, Walk. ¢.
11. Dacus rubicundus, n. sp. ¢ 28. Perilampsis diademata,n. sp. ¢.
12. Dacus ficicola, Bez. 6. 29. Trirhithrum albomaculatum, v.
13. Dacus bigemmatus, n. sp. 6G. Réd. 9Q.
14. Dacus binotatus, Loew. 9. 30. Trirhithrum occipitale, Bez. .
15. Afrodacus biguttulus, Bez. ¢ 31. Trirhithrum nitidum, v. Rod. 3.
16. Munromyia nudiseta, Bez. ¢ 32. Trirhithrum lycii, Coq. 6.
17. Coelopacidia strigata, Bez. @. 33. Themarictera laticeps, Loew. ¢.
(@)
. Leucotaeniella grata, Wied.
—
i)
PLATE Xiil.
34. Rhacochlaena fasciolata, Loew. ¢. 50. Craspedoxantha marginalis, Wied.
35. Rhacochlaena pulchella, Bez. @. 3: B
36. Rhacochlaena major, Bez. &. 51. Craspedoxantha polyspila, n. sp.
37. Phorellia peringueyi, n. sp. 9. Q.
38. Taomyia marshalli, Bez. ¢. 52. Terellia taeniaptera, nu. sp. 6.
39. Afrocneros mundus, Loew. 3. 53. Terellia planiscutellata australis,
40. Afrocneros mundissimus, n. sp. 3. n. var. .
41. Afrocneros excellens, Loew. . 54. Rivelliomima punctiventris, n. sp.
42. Ocnerioxa interrupta, n. sp. Q. 3.
43. Ocnerioxa sinuata, Loew. 6. 55. Rhynchoedaspis munroana, n. sp. i
44, Xanthanomoea munroi,n.sp. &. :
45. Coelotrypes vittatus, n. sp. 9. 56. Munroella myiopitina, n. sp. g.
46. Hermannloewia jucunda, Loew. 9. 57. Aciura tetrachaeta, Bez. ¢.
47. Zacerata asparagi, nu. sp. 6. 58. Aciura nigriseta, n. sp. 6.
48. Zacerata taomyioides, n. sp. 6. 59. Aciura oborinia, Walk. @.
49. Allotrypes gracilis, Loew. 9. 60. Aciura angusta, Loew. 6.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
A
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119:
. Spheniscomyia sexmaculata, Macq.
. Spheniscomyia compacta, n.sp. &.
. Tephrella dispar, n. sp. &.
. Platomma luniferum, Loew.
. Llaphromyia adatha, Walk. 9.
. Afreutreta discoidalis, n. sp. @.
. Spathulina munroi, n. sp. 6.
. Spathulina peringueyi, n. sp. &.
. Spathulina munrot majuscula, n.
South African Trypa
3:
Q.
. Afreutreta bipunctata, Loew. 3. 91
. Afreutreta biseriata, Bez. .
. LHuaresta amplifrons, Bez. 3. 92
. Huaresta planifrons, Loew. 6. 93
. Luaresta lunifrons, n. sp. 3.
. Pliomelaena brevifrons rufiventris, 94.
n. var. 9! 95
. Pliomelaena stigmatica, n. sp. 3. 96.
. Spathulina semiatra, var. semirufa, 97
mS
100
101
var. 102.
2.
64. Spheniscomyia
65. Spheniscomyia binaria, var.
neid Dvptera. 5T7
binaria = (typica),
Loew. 6.
3.
. Spheniscomyia neavei, Bez. 3. 66. Spheniscomyia quinaria, n. sp. G-
PLATE XIV.
. Spheniscomyia quaternaria, n. sp. 85. Spathulina parceguttata parca, Bez.
3: &.
. Tephrella distigma, n. sp. G. 86. Spathulina arcucincta, n. sp. —
. Tephrella dispar, n. sp. 6. 87. Spathulina anomalina, n. sp. ¢.
. Spathulina biseuarestina, n. sp. G.
. Spathulina elegantula, n. sp. &.
. Spathulina elegantula diminuta, n.
var. 6.
. Spathulina hessi simplex, n. var.
3:
. Spathulina hessii, Wied. @.
. Spathulina hessit ewarestina, n. var.
o
. Sphenella marginata, Fall.
. Sphenella melanostigma, Bez.
Ensina barnardi, n. sp. .
. Ensina sororcula, Wied. ¢.
. Ensina gladiatrix, Bez. 6.
. Ensina liliputiana, n. sp. 3.
. Ensina anceps fasciolata, n. var. .
. Ensina myiopitoides, Bez. .
. Ensina ignobilis plebeja, n. var.
3.
Q.
9.
PLATE XV.
Ensina dubia, Walk. <.
Ensina magnipalpis, Bez. 9.
Ensina hieroglyphica, n. sp. Q.
Ensina cribripennis, Bez. .
Huribia tuckert, n. sp. 3.
Huribia praetexta, Loew. 9.
Huribia peringueyi, n. sp. 3G.
Huribia lightfoott, n. sp. Q.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
Trypanea bulligera bullosa, n. var.
6.
Trypanea euarestina, n. sp.
Trypanea dentiens, n. sp. 3.
Trypanea confluens, Wied. 6.
Trypanea auguralis, Bez. .
Trypanea lutescens, n. sp. 6.
Trypanea subcompleta furcatella, n.
3.
Huribia caffra, Loew. 3. var.
Acanthiophilus ochraceus, Loew. | 127. T'rypanea pulchella, n. sp. 3.
128. Trypanea mutila, n. sp. 6.
Camaromyia helvua, Loew. 9.
Campiglossa perspicillata, Bez.
Acanthiophilus muiri, Bez. 9.
Trypanea rivularis, n. sp. Q.
Q.
129.
130.
131.
132.
é-
@
Trypanea superdecora, n. sp.
Trypanea bisreducta, n. sp.
Trypanea diversa, Wied. ¢.
Trypanea decora, Loew. 9.
Trypanea peregrina, Ad. 6. 133. Hutretosoma marshalli, Bez. 9.
Trypanea peregrina mundella, n. | 134. Hutretosoma woodi, Bez. .
var. 6. 135. Rhabdochaeta marshalli, Bez. 6.
Trypanea bulligera, n. sp. 3. 136. Rhochmopterum munrot, n. sp. 6.
137.
38
Q.
Perirhithrum marshalli, n. sp.
Ann. S Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate XII.
A Berri kel, 1923,
Arti Grafiche C. CRUDO & C.- TORINO
SOUTH AFRICAN TRYPANEID DIPTERA.
Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate XIII.
1. Ber del, (723. Arti Grafiche C. CRUDO & CG. - TORINO
SOUTH AFRICAN TRYPANEID DIPTERA.
Se ae
Pande Ve be oy
- : - : : , , ,
sae est es
j = er , 5 e,
tae
Ann, S. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate XIV.
ry
LA. Berre ded, 2923.
SOUTH AFRICAN TRYPANEID DIPTERA.
Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate XV.
Arti Grafiche C. CRUDO & C. - TORINO
SOUTH AFRICAN TRYPANEID DIPTERA.
~
2
Bt
¢
S
e.
ANNALS
OF THE
SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
VOLUME XIX.
—
PART IV, containing :—
10. New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) im the Collec-
tions of the South African Museum. By Louis B.
Prout, F.E.S. (Plates XVI, XVII)
11. Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae ( Diptera) in the Collections
of the South African Museum. By F. W. Epwarps, B.A,,
- F.E.S. (Three Text-figures.)
Title, Index, etc. to Volume XIX.
ISSUED APRIL 1925. PRICE 5s. 6d.
PRINTED FOR THE
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM
BY NBILL AND CO., LTD.,
212 CAUSEWAYSIDE, EDINBURGH,
( 579 )
10. New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in the Collections of the
South African Museum.—By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S.
(With Plates XVI and XVII.)
THE species and forms here first made known have been accumulating
since the publication of my last paper in these Annals (Vol. XVII,
pp. 47-77, 1917). The types—excepting Perizoma artifex basutensis
—and all other material unless otherwise specified, are in the South
African Museum. Specimens mentioned as being in the author’s
collection have been kindly presented by the Museum.
The present opportunity is taken to figure also the species of which
we were not able to provide the plate contemporaneously with that
memoir ; in some cases the type specimens have been sent to Miss
Prout for this purpose, in others a paratype or other specimen deter-
mined by the author has served as model. Only Eupithecia subcon-
clusaria and a few subspecies are now left unfigured. Obolcola
cacoctenes Prout (Ann. S. Afr. Mus., XVII, 73) must rank as purely a
synonym, as a very serious blunder was committed ; it transpires
on re-examination that the specimen is a 2, with the bristles of the
frenulum extraordinarily fused and the abdomen lost, and evidently
nothing but a large specimen of the variable O. ferrorubrata Walk.
Suspram. HEMITHEINAH.
1. NEROMIA STRIGULOSA sp. NOV.
(Plate XVII, fig. 10.)
3,27mm.; 9,34mm. Face rose-pink. Palpus white, with strong
rosy admixture. Vertex white. Occiput narrowly green. Antennal
shaft white, in g stout and furnished with rudimentary pectinations
about as in clavicornis Prout (Nov. Zool., xxi, 319), m 2 somewhat
tapering. Thorax and abdomen above concolorous with wings,
marked with a yellow-white dorsal line or slight ridge as in rubri-
punctilla Prout ; pectus white, with a pink tinge in front. Fore and
middle legs strongly pink on upper and outer side; hindleg more
weakly tinged with pink.
Wings shaped about as in rubripunctilla. Forewing with SC? free,
39
580 Annals of the South African Museum.
R! about connate, M' closely approximated to R?; light yellow-green,
brighter and more yellowish than in the allies; the white irroration
more strong, more regularly forming transverse strigulae than in the
allies ; costal margin white ; antemedian line obsolete; postmedian
faint, from about two-thirds costa, almost parallel with termen ;
fringe white.—Hindwing with SC? well stalked in the g, scarcely in
the 9, M' closely approximated to R?; similar to forewing, postmedian
line rather more proximal, very slightly simuate inward in the middle.
—Underside rather paler, costal margin more yellowish, line obsolete.
S.W. Africa: Gaub, December 1919 (R. W. Tucker). Allotype 9
in coll."L. B. Prout.
2. MicToSCHEMA SWIERSTRAI TUCKERI subsp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 11.)
Forewing with distal margin slightly more curved anteriorly than in
S. swierstrat Prout (Ann. Transv. Mus., vin, 153), cell slightly longer ;
SC! connected by a very short bar with C, R! not stalked; more
variegated than the name-type, the median and terminal areas being
more blackish, their white boundary lines more decided, some rather
conspicuous light-brown shades proximally to the subterminal and
(though less defined) near base; antemedian line less excurved be-
tween M and SM?.—Hindwing with termen slightly more convex about
R°-M!; M?* just separate; similarly differentiated.—Underside with
the submarginal band well developed on both wings.
S.W. Africa: Otjituo, June 1920 (R. W. Tucker), 1 3.
I provisionally treat this as a subspecies, but 1t may prove either
an aberration or a related species.
3. HEMISTOLA (?) EREUTHOPEZA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 17.)
2,20mm. Head whitish, becoming red around the eye and at base
of antenna. Palpus short and slender, strongly mixed with red.
Tongue vestigial. Antenna bipectinate (only the stumps remain-
ing). Thorax whitish, tinged in front with ochreous (discoloured
from green ?), otherwise with pink. Abdomen white. Legs pre-
dominantly red, especially the first two pairs.
Forewing with costal margin straight except at base and near apex,
termen oblique, gently curved ; DC? deeply incurved, SC! anastomos-
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 581
ing at a point with C, SC? not anastomosing, R1 very shortly stalked,
R? from very near R!, M! from very near R?; yellow-green ; costal
edge red, separated from the ground-colour by an ochreous shade ;
fringe flushed with pink.—Hindwing with costal margin rather long,
apex and termen rounded; DC? and R? as on forewing; SC? well
stalked, M! well stalked ; white, with a tinge of ochreous.—Forewing
beneath whitish-green at apex and hind margin and narrowly at
termen, otherwise strongly suffused with red; fringe as above.
Hindwing beneath nearly as above, but slightly more greenish, at
least costally.
Orange Free State: Petrusburg, 19th April 1918 (Miss J. Skarp).
Supram. STERRHINAE.
4, SCOPULA MONOTROPA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 24.)
@, 25-27 mm. Head and body white, with fine brown-grey
irroration, the palpus, pectus and fore- and middle-legs slightly
browner, the collar narrowly brownish ochreous. Palpus fairly
strong, rather longer than diameter of eye. Tongue rather long and
strong. Antenna minutely serrate.
Wings appreciably more elongate than in phyletis Prout (Ann.
Transv. Mus., 11, 197, t. xu, f. 34) recalling the shape of Leucoxena *
lactea Warr. (Nov. Zool., vii, 94).—Forewing white, with a faint tinge
of brown and with fine and sparce brown-grey irroration ; cell-dot
black, minute; lines brown-grey, the antemedian and postmedian
strong except at costa, the median weaker; antemedian from costa
near middle, almost straight to three-eighths hind margin or rather
beyond ; median well beyond cell-dot, postmedian about 2 mm. from
termen, both slightly incurved to costa and still more slightly excurved
to hind margin, otherwise parallel with termen; a weak brownish
shade just beyond postmedian, a still weaker one at termen, the sub-
terminal line between them ill-defined, fairly broad; terminal line
dark brown, slightly interrupted, marked with fine black interneural
dots, at least anteriorly ; fringe concolorous with termen.—Hindwing
* Warren referred that genus to the “ Astheninae,” but it is scarcely more than
a subgenus of Scopula, with stronger (though variable) anastomosis of vein C of
hindwing—perhaps connected by intergrades. Fawcett (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1916, p. 731) treats it as equivalent to (Scopula Sect.) Induna Warr., which is quite
near the mark.
582 Annals of the South African Museum.
rather purer white ; antemedian wanting ; cell-dot minute; median
extremely fine and weak, apparently touching the cell-dot; post-
median strong except at costa, rather less curved than termen, slightly
approaching termen posteriorly ; distal shades obsolete; terminal
line nearly as on forewing; fringe white——Underside rather more
brownish white, weakly marked; antemedian wanting ; median just
discernible ; postmedian stronger, on hindwing nearer termen and
parallel therewith ; terminal line and dots not strong.
S.W. Africa: Windhoek, January 1920 (R. W. Tucker). Paratype
myc oll ee brout:
Several specimens, including both sexes, have just now come to
hand from other localities in the same region (Tsumeb, Gaub, Nuragas,
Otjituo). The $¢ are slightly more brownish in tone and very feebly
marked ; antenna bipectinate, with very long branches (the longest
about 10 times diameter of shaft); hindleg long and slender, but
without spurs.
5. SCOPULA PALLEUCA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 19.)
3, 24 mm.; 9, 22 mm. Antenna-group of the preceding; the
wings—at least in the g—appearing slightly less elongate costally and
the face perhaps slightly flatter. Head and body white, the palpus
sandy ochreous, the femora and tibiae and especially the forecoxa
tinged with the same; collar white, postorbital rim tinged with
ochreous. Hind tibia of g with a pair of rather long terminal spurs ;
of 2 with the proximal spurs placed at just beyond three-fourths (in
monotropa before three-fourths).
Forewing with cell over one-half (shghtly longer than in monotropa) ;
white, with scarcely perceptible whitish-sandy irroration ; cell-dot
sandy grey (more blackish in the 2); a postmedian line very faintly
indicated, rather nearer to cell-dot than to termen, about parallel
with the latter, shghtly thickened on SM?; no terminal line.—Hind-
wing white, with dark grey cell-dot, in the 9 also with faint traces of
curved postmedian.—Forewing beneath more smoky (very strongly
so in the g); both wings with traces of cell-dot and postmedian
line.
'S.W. Africa: Tsumeb, December 1919 (R. W. Tucker). Allotype 2
in coll. L. B. Prout. :
A $ from N’Gami Country (F. D. Lugard) has long stood unnamed
in coll. Brit. Mus.
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 583
6. SCOPULA PALPIFERA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 26.)
3, 28 mm.; 2, 34 mm. Face brown. Palpus long for the genus
(12); brown or somewhat sandy, beneath white. Vertex white.
Antenna in ¢ pectinate, with long branches ; in 2 pubescent and with
small tufts of suberect scales. Collar whitish. Thorax and anterior
part of abdomen white ; abdomen posteriorly apparently with dorsum
infuscated (? discoloured). Legs white. (Hindlegs of ¢ lost.)
Forewing slightly elongate; cell scarcely over one-half; SC1 from
areole ($ type) or shortly stalked (9); white, beyond the postmedian
line with an extremely faint suggestion of grey; cell-dot brownish,
minute, very faint ; lines pale grey, very faint, especially the first two,
which appear to be parallel with the postmedian ; median line beyond
cell-dot ; postmedian curved anteriorly, then parallel with termen
feebly waved; no terminal line.—Hindwing with costa slghtly
elongate, apex and termen rounded ; as forewing, without first line,
postmedian a little less curved than termen.—Underside slightly
greyer (irrorated), especially costa of forewing and distal area of both
wings ; cell-dots and the markings beyond present.
S.W. Africa: Otjiwarongo, January 1921 (J. 8. Brown). Allotype
2 in coll. L. B. Prout.
Possibly nearest to the white forms of curvimargo Warr. (Nov.
Zool., vu, 92), but with considerably longer palpus, hindwing not bent
at R3, ete.
7. SCOPULA CARNOSA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 25.)
39, 23 mm. Face black. Palpus short; black above, ochreous
beneath. Vertex white, anteriorly with a fleshy tinge. Antenna
fleshy whitish; ciliation in 3 rather longer than diameter of shaft.
Collar brownish ochreous. Thorax flesh colour. Abdomen above
paler flesh colour, the segments posteriorly edged with whitish ;
beneath fleshy whitish. Legs tinged with flesh colour, the anterior
with brown and grey; hind tibia of $ slightly longer than femur, not
appreciably dilated, without spurs, tarsus rather longer than tibia.
Forewing with termen smooth ; cell one-half or very slightly over ;
deep flesh colour, without dark irroration; cell-dot minute, black-
grey; first two lines almost entirely obsolete, faintly indicated in
deeper reddish, the antemedian curved at nearly one-third, the median
584 Annals of the South African Museum.
from well beyond midcosta, very gently curved anteriorly, then
oblique to middle of hind margin; postmedian at 2 or 2-5 mm. from
termen, very slender and faint, but marked with minute grey dots
on the veins, very slightly sinuate inward in the usual positions ;
termen with minute black-grey or red-grey interneural dots, strongest
in anterior half; fringe concolorous.—Hindwing with termen bluntly
angled at R?; similar to forewing, first line wanting, median well
proximal to cell-dot, gently curved, obsolete in front of SC, postmedian
with rather deeper sinus between the radials.—Underside glossy
ochreous whitish, in places with a fleshy tinge, forewing with some
slight irroration, especially in and near the cell; both wings with
cell-dot, terminal dots and an indistinct postmediap.
Transvaal: Potgieters Rust (G. M. Melle), February 1920 (type 3),
December 1919 (allotype 2 in coll. L. B. Prout).
Pinker than pudens Warr. (Nov. Zool., xu, 35), the cell apparently
a trifle longer, termen of hindwing rather less crenulate, markings
weaker, postmedian straighter, forewing beneath greyer.
8. PTryCcHOPODA FUMILINEA f. CONFRACTA form. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 7.)
$92, 18 mm. Ground-colour ochreous whitish instead of reddish,
only with costal margin of forewing and termen of both wings narrowly
(with fringes) brighter ochreous; dark irroration very much more
sparse, median shade of forewing tending towards obsolescence or
incompleteness.
Cape Colony: Montagu, October 1919 (K. H. Barnard), type 9 in
coll. 8. Afr. Mus., a pair in coll. L. B. Prout ; Cape Town (P. C. Keytel),
2 $3 in the same collections. Also occurs in Natal (Rietviel, coll.
A. J. T. Janse ; Estcourt, coll. Brit. Mus.).
9. PrycHOPODA PLESIOSCOTIA sp. nov.
(Plate XVI, fig. 21.)
3, 14 mm. Face and palpus black. Vertex whitish. Antenna
evenly ciliated, the cilia scarcely as long as diameter of shaft. Thorax
and abdomen concolorous with wings. Hind tibia slender, scarcely
longer than femur ; hind tarsus slender, rather longer than tibia.
Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex rounded, termen strongly
oblique; areole rather small, SC! stalked beyond its apex; glossy
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 585
pale stramineous, with some scattered blackish atoms; costal edge
blackish from base to antemedian line; cell-dot black, large; first
two lines fine, blackish, arising from strong costal spots, otherwise
indistinct and interrupted, becoming somewhat better defined and
V-shaped (angulated outward) at SM*; median sinuous, placed near
antemedian, well proximal to cell-dot; postmedian arising from a
narrower blackish costal mark ; sinuous, about midway between cell-
dot and termen; fringe with a row of somewhat elongate blackish
dots near base, opposite the veins.—Hindwing rather narrow, apex
moderately pronounced, termen very slightly sinuate inward in
posterior half ; costal area slightly paler ; lines feeble, best marked in
abdominal region; cell-dot and fringe as on forewing.—Forewing
beneath more infuscated, except in the distal half of costal region,
costal edge rather broadly blackish from base to median line ; median
and postmedian lines present, not reaching hind margin; cell-dot
indicated; fringe less strongly spotted than above. Hindwing
beneath rather paler, with conspicuous cell-dot and fine, weak lines.
Cape: Dunbrody, May 1915 (Rev. A. Vogt).
I do not think this can be a local form of sqwamulata Warr. (Nov.
' Zool., vii, 93), which has also the long and slender hindleg ; apart
from the very different aspect (large cell-dots, absence of dark marginal
shades, etc.), the antenna, though not in perfect condition, appears to
differ markedly, the joints scarcely projecting and the ciliation being
shorter (in squamulata 14 or 2, somewhat fasciculate). Costa of
forewing more arched than in macrostyla Warr. (Nov. Zool., vu, 92),
ground-colour less sandy, distinguished further by the cell-dots and
by having less weak markings (except the postmedian).
SupramM. LARENTIINAE.
10. ORTHOLITHA ALUMNA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 9.)
3, 31-34 mm. Closely related to O. africana Warr. (Ann. 8S. Afr.
Mus., X, 22), scarcely differing in structure, though the palpus may be
slightly shorter. Body above darker. Wings darker, more glossy,
slightly narrower, at least the hindwing, which has the costal margin
relatively somewhat longer.
Forewing with basal and median bands blacker and more solid,
without brown admixture; a narrow fulvous-brown band, on the
other hand, developed more or less strongly midway between these
586 Annals of the South African Museum.
areas ; similar, but more interrupted, brown shading between median
band and subterminal line ; subterminal in anterior half broken into
interneural white dots, in posterior half slender and less deeply
lunulate than in africana.—Hindwing with cell-mark stronger than in
africana, especially on underside, where it is appreciably elongate.
—Forewing beneath much more smoky than in africana, becoming
pale at anal angle and with a slight pale-ochreous costal spot distally
to the postmedian line. Hindwing beneath recalling in its purple-
grey tone that of O. eprpercna Prout or of Larentia inaequata Walk. ;
a rather indistinct, rather thick postmedian line, strongly curved near
costa, thence pretty straight, passing just outside the posterior angle
of cell; a still more vague subterminal band.
Cape Town: Table Mountain, March 1918 (K. H. Barnard). Para-
type in coll. L. B. Prout.
11. ORTHOLITHA CRENULIMARGO sp. nov.
(Plate XVI, fig. 12.)
3,34mm. Head and body predominantly concolorous with wings,
palpus darkened on outer side, legs in part darkened, metathoracic
crest dark, abdomen dorsally with first segment somewhat ochreous,
the rest with dark belts at ends of the segments. Antenna bipectinate
nearly to apex, with moderate branches. Abdomen rather slender,
with last few segments tufted laterally.
Forewing with apex round-pointed, termen weakly crenulate ;
glossy brown-grey or reddish-grey, with the basal and median areas
darker and more red-brown, the coloration reminiscent of Pelurga
comitata ab. moldavinata Caradja; basal area bounded by a yellow-
white line, which arises at about one-fourth costa and runs obliquely
inward to about one-fifth hind margin, faintly sinuate inward in cell,
otherwise straightish; lines in succeeding area very ill-defined ;
median band 6 mm. wide at costa, 5 mm. at hind margin, its proximal
yellow-white boundary line only well expressed at costa, behind M
making an angular projection into the band, then running obliquely
baseward to hind margin; cell-dot small, black, slightly elongate
transversely ; some wavy lines discernible in the distal part of the
band, the one midway between cell-dot and postmedian strongest ;
the whitish line which limits the band distally moderately well
defined, rather strongly inbent between the radials and more gradually
between R? and SM?, leaving a blunt tooth at R°; proximal dark
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 587
shading of subterminal line moderate in anterior half (where the
subterminal itself is finely indicated in white, thickening into three
dots between SC* and R2), appreciably developed again near hind
margin, almost obsolete between; a slight oblique dark mark from
termen close to apex ; terminal line weak, interrupted at the veins ;
fringe feebly mottled.—Hindwing with termen markedly crenulate ;
paler than forewing, with a shadowy grey tinge as far as the post-
median line ; cell-dot and lines between it and the postmedian faintly
indicated ; postmedian pale line bisinuate inward, more deeply near
abdominal margin than at radials, at abdominal margin accompanied
proximally by a slight dark mark; subterminal with weak proximal
grey interneural spots, at least in anterior half ; terminal line fine and
weak, but not interrupted ; fringe as on forewing.—Forewing beneath
more weakly marked, the basal and median bands hardly darkened ;
a conspicuous dark costal spot between them; cell-dot very small
but well defined; a fine dark postmedian line, strongest at costa,
where it curves proximally ; subterminal markings of anterior half
nearly as above, of posterior part obsolete. Hindwing beneath more
sharply marked than above, bearing a strong cell-dot, rather strong
dark postmedian line and nearly complete dark proximal subterminal
shade.
Cape Province: Hottentots Holland Mountains, Caledon 4,000
feet, March 1919 (K. H. Barnard), type; Table Mountain, February
1919 (K. H. Barnard) ; a gin coll. L. B. Prout.
12. PERIZOMA (?) ARTIFEX sp. DOV.
(Plate XVII, fig. 6.)
2, 16-17 mm. Head and palpus dark fuscous, spotted with white ;
palpus about twice as long as diameter of eye, its proximal part
white beneath. Thorax dark fuscous, mixed with white, especially
posteriorly ; abdomen dark fuscous, irrorated with white and with
narrow white belts at ends of segments.
Forewing rather narrow, termen oblique, slightly waved ; fuscous,
irregularly irrorated with blackish fuscous and with a few whitish
scales; basal area blackish anteriorly, bounded distally by a strongly
excurved whitish line, which touches the pale antemedian in
the middle; succeeding area predominantly blackish, especially
posteriorly ; proximal boundary of central fascia double, proximally
pale buff, distally white with slight suffusions of the ground-colour,
the fine dividing-line dark fuscous ; central fascia fairly broad, its
588 Annals of the South African Museum.
proximal edge curved anteriorly, otherwise nearly direct, the central
part (between two ill-defined wavy dark lines, the outer of which is
partly white-edged distally) clouded and containing a large black
cell-spot, its distal edge slightly indented opposite the cell, slightly
incurved at M? and with a strong outward projection in cellulae 3
and 2, reaching its extreme point in the former and slightly inbent at
M!; subterminal line white, sharpest at costa, otherwise interrupted,
the area proximal to it darker than the distal. The latter containing a
triangular area of white irroration at apex (bounded posteriorly by an
oblique dark subapical dash) and with a white spot in cellule 3, both
extending on to the fringe; terminal dark line interrupted by buff
dots on the veins; fringe predominantly fuscous in proximal half,
with dark spots opposite the veins, the distal half with a proximal
white line and fuscous tips.—Hindwing narrow, costal margin elongate;
more blurred, without dark admixture except along abdominal margin
and termen, the markings of the underside feebly reproduced.—Fore-
wing beneath with all the white lines sharply marked anteriorly,
blurred posteriorly. Hindwing beneath very sharply marked, white
with coarse fuscous irroration (especially in proximal half) and
with dark fuscous antemedian, postmedian, and subterminal bands
(the first two narrow, scarcely more than lines), cell-spot and inter-
rupted terminal line ; the third white area bisected with strong fuscous
irroration, the fourth (last) clearer white proximally than distally.
Cape Town, April 1918 (K. H. Barnard). Paratype undated, in
coll. L. B. Prout.
A large race (19-20 mm.), altogether whiter—face whitish, median
area of forewing much mixed with white, the lines which bound it
broadened, subterminal broad, diffused distally almost to termen,
hindwing above whitish with shadowy markings, beneath with the
white bands broader and clearer, the dark ones less sharp—may be
named Perizoma artifex basutensis subsp. nov., Machacha, 10,000
feet, Basutoland, 29th January 1902 (R. Crawshay), 3 gd in coll.
Brit. Mus. ¢ antenna lamellate, with teeth as long as diameter of
shaft, bearing tufts of short cilia.
13. HoRISME PALLIDIMACULA Sp. Nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 5.)
3S, 27-28 mm. In shape, structure and general facies near obscurata
Prout (Ann. Transv. Mus., iii, 205, t. xii, f. 21), distinguished as
follows : Abdominal crests relatively larger.
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 589
Forewing with both areoles narrowed ; rather darker than the ¢ of
obscurata, more uniform in tone than the 9, except for an elongate pale
blotch or streak in front of M+ from the outer rivulet band nearly to
the termen ; median area projecting less between the radials.—Hind-
wing with postmedian line projecting less between the radials; a
pronounced whitish dot in the (otherwise inconspicuous) subterminal
line between R? and M!.—Underside much more sharply marked than
in obscurata, more suggestive of Camptogramma natalata Walk.,
though less strongly darkened distally ; discal dots enlarged ; hind-
wing, as well as forewing, with the pale distal blotch or streak.
Kast Transvaal: White River, 18th September 1909 (A. T. Cooke).
Paratypes in coll. Brit. Mus. et coll. L. B. Prout.
14. EUPITHECIA LIGHTFOOTI sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 2.)
2, 21 mm. Near emmeles Prout (Ann. Transv. Mus., viii, 163).
Face and upper side of palpus more black-mixed. Thorax and
abdomen above more tinged with slate-colour, the irregular belts of
pale olivaceous buff more sharply contrasted ; a double black-grey
metathoracic crest ; the small abdominal crests pale buff.
Wings darker.—Forewing with termen less oblique; cell-mark
broader; median band rather broader (probably individually
variable) ; subterminal line finer and more dentate.—Hindwing with
postmedian line straighter, its accompanying white band more sharply
defined distally.—Both wings beneath with the white subterminal
line obsolete.
Cape Town, March (R. M. Lightfoot).
Belongs to the perizomoides-group, which—by the ampler hindwing,
scarcely developed abdominal crests, ete.—will probably require
separation from true Ewpithecia. Perhaps an off-shoot of Epirrhoé 2
15. EUPITHECIA LIcITA:f. VEPALLIDA form. nov.
3, 23-24 mm. Larger and whiter than name-typical licita Prout
(Plate XVI, fig. 10; Ann. S. Afr. Mus., XVII, 55).—Forewing with
median band more definitely broken up into a broader proximal and
a narrower distal band, leaving a narrow clear one between, on
which is placed the cell-dot.—Hindwing with distinct indications of
postmedian line and tornal spot.—Underside more shaded (especially
forewing), leaving white postmedian and terminal bands.
590 Annals of the South African Museum.
Cape Province: Knysna, October 1916 (L. Péringuey). Paratype
in coll. L. B. Prout.
16. LITHOSTEGE SESQUIFASCIA CANESCENS subsp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 3.)
Differs from sesquifascia sesquifascia Prout (Ann. Transv. Mus.,
ill, 202, t. xii, f. 31) in having the forewing greyer (less strongly irro-
rated with brown), its costal margin hardly noticeably browner than
the ground-colour ; bands olive-fuscous, generally rather weak, never
bright brown, the white lines which bound them slender, the line
proximal to the outer band less straight, forming an appreciable
though always slight curve or bend inwards between R! and M!;
the bands variable in width, the proximal half band being broad in
the @ aberration from Nuragas. Hindwing and underside much less
brown than in sesquifascia sesquifascia.
S.W. Africa: Otjiwarongo, May 1921 (J. 8. Brown), type and para-
type 3, the latter in coll. L. B. Prout; Tsumeb, June 1920 (R. W.
Tucker), a 2 in coll. L. B. Prout; Nuragas, December 1919 (R. W.
Tucker), a strongly marked 2 ab. in coll. 8S. Afr. Mus.
Supram. GEHOMETRINAE.
17. DREPANOGYNIS ATHROGPSEGMA Sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 15.)
3, 33 mm. Head and body concolorous with wings. Palpus
slender, scarcely reaching beyond frons. Antennal pectinations
blackish, slender, the longest about 5 times diameter of shaft.
Abdomen rather slender.
Forewing with apex not produced, termen slightly curved,. sub-
crenulate, not gibbous in middle; cell not extremely long; whitish
grey, with a tinge of ochreous brown and with copious brown and black
irroration, mostly confluent into fine transverse strigulae; a part of
the median area between M? and SM? more sparsely irrorated, a
subterminal band almost clear; cell-spot large, oblong, black; lines
blackish, rather thick, not very sharply defined; antemedian from
costa at three-tenths, nearly straight to submedian fold, thence
oblique inward, postmedian from just beyond three-fourths costa,
very faintly incurved between R? and hind margin; a rather less
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 591
distinct, band-like line shortly beyond, interrupted from R? nearly
to R!.—Hindwing with termen subcrenulate, a slightly deeper excision
between the radials; rather less strongly irrorated than forewing,
especially towards costa, the irroration rather less striguliform ;
a cell-dot feebly indicated ; postmedian line represented but rather
finer and weaker than on forewing.—Both wings beneath more
sparsely irrorated, the forewing slightly suffused except at costal and
distal margins; forewing with cell-spot reduced, antemedian line
obsolescent, postmedian strongest at costa, the line beyond obsolescent;
hindwing with postmedian slightly better marked than above,
especially anteriorly.
Cape Province: Ceres, April 1913 (R. M. Lightfoot).
Build and antennal pectinations more slender than in the other
notably strigulated species, stragulosa Prout (Nov. Zool., xxiii, 280) ;
perhaps nearer to wncondita Warr. (Nov. Zool., xi, 476, as Dyscia), but
with shorter cell of forewing, considerably shorter pectinations, etc.
18. HUPAGIA ROBERTSONI sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 14.)
3,38 mm. Head grey, on outer side red-brown. Frontal tuft not
strong. Palpus with second joint shorter than typical, loosely
haired ; mostly red-brown, dark mixed. Antenna light brown;
pectinations rather less long than in determinata Walk. Thorax and
abdomen grey, the pectus in front mixed with rufous. Legs spotted
with rufous and blackish.
Forewing with termen waved, not crenulate, rather more oblique
and more regular than in determinata ; glossy grey, in places—especi-
ally costally and terminally—tinged with brown ; some sparse black
irroration ; costal edge ight brown; antemedian line black, oblique
outward from about one-fourth costa, recurved in cell, then obsolete ;
cell-dot black, minute; a reddish-brown, densely black-irrorated
shade between this and the postmedian, becoming narrow and ill-
defined behind, scarcely suggested in posterior half of wing; post-
median rather near termen, fairly direct, consisting of black dots on
the veins with very faint, very shallow lunules inward between ;
shadowy grey subterminal spots; fringe tinged with brown.—Hind-
wing with termen feebly crenulate anteriorly and scarcely so
posteriorly ; paler than forewing, with a minute cell-dot and with
traces in posterior part of wing of a fine, distally pale-edged postmedian
so2h Annals of the South African Museum.
line ; fringe tinged with brown.—Forewing beneath rather pale grey ;
costal margin light brownish, spotted with dull, dark rufous ; cell-dot
and anterior part of postmedian line indicated. Hindwing pale, in
places whitish, with some rather coarse irroration, especially costally.
Cape Peninsula: Kalk Bay, May 1921 (Robertson).
A slightly larger ¢ from Stellenbosch, 30th March 1921 (Ch. K.
Brain), has subsequently been submitted to me for determination by
Prof. Janse.
19. HUPAGIA CANILINEA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 16.)
3, 39-41 mm. Structure nearly as in the preceding, wing-shape
slightly intermediate towards that of determinata Walk. Head and
body brown, with a good deal of blackish admixture ; face, palpus,
tegulae and tarsi predominantly dark.
Forewing brown, with a fleshy or reddish tinge and with copious,
coarse, olive-blackish irroration, which condenses to form the not
very sharply defined lines and oval cell-spot ; antemedian line at
about one-third, bent outward behind cell, then inward, marked with
some hoary scales; postmedian from about three-fourths costa,
irregularly lunulate, slightly excurved anteriorly, incurved between
R8 and M?, accompanied distally by a tolerably complete line of hoary
or glaucous-whitish scaling ; fringe weakly spotted opposite the veins.
—Hindwing with first line and cell-spot obsolete, postmedian similar
to that of forewing, slightly farther from termen.— Underside similarly
coloured, becoming whitish at hind margin of forewing; both wings
with rather blurred dark postmedian line, the pale scales asta to
it weaker than above.
Cape Peninsula: Kalk Bay, January 1921 (Robertson), 2 aa the
paratype in coll. L. B. Prout.
Both this and the preceding species are in some measure transitional
towards Derrioides (= Eulasia), which will perhaps have to be regarded
as a section of Hwpagia.
20. ECTROPIS PARACOPA sp. Nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 18.)
3, 43 mm. Exceedingly like #. sublimbata Warr. (“ Myrioble-
phara’’). Larger, rather more slenderly built, the markings less
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 595
heavy. Antenna with the typical structure of Hctropis (short paired
processes bearing fuscicles of cilia, whereas swblimbata has developed
short fasciculate pectinations), the cilia longer than diameter of
shaft.
Forewing with cell only one-half (in sublimbata over one-half) ;
antemedian line apparently less deeply outbent ; postmedian slightly
farther from discal ocellus, anteriorly parallel with termen (in sublim-
bata curving appreciably inward costally) ; subterminal with longer
teeth outward between R? and M?.—Hindwing with postmedian line
less strongly incurved in posterior half than in sublimbata ; beneath
without the dark longitudinal streak in cell which is often developed
in that species.
Cape Province: Hottentots Holland Mountains, 4,000 feet, Caledon
Division, January 1916 (K. H. Barnard).
The type is worn, but quite recognisable. The three species
sublimbata Warr., simplex Warr. (“‘ Idiotephra’”’), and paracopa form
a closely related group, which looks as though it should be well
separable generically from true Hctropis, but unfortunately seems con-
nected therewith by various intergrades in respect of the taxonomic
characters at present used. All three have the face smooth, the
palpus very short (usually less than diameter of eye), the wings rather
elongate, almost smooth-margined (smoothest in simplex), the first
two subcostals of the forewing coincident, the fovea wanting, the
hind tibia not dilated. In Warren’s two species the $ antenna bears
pairs of true pectinations (he is hardly accurate in treating these as
mere pedicels in s¢mplex, for they are rather longer than the diameter
of the shaft) and the cell of the forewing more than one-half. What-
ever may be the ultimate fate of Hctropis as a genus, it is pretty certain
that Myrioblephara must be merged in it; and sublimbata has not
even the structure of typical Myrioblephara.
21. TEPHRINA EXERRARIA sp. Nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 20.)
$2, 22-25 mm. Like deerraria Walk., but smaller, with the post-
median line of forewing gently excurved in anterior part (in deerraria
straight), generally rather thicker but often less sharply defined,
accompanied distally by a more conspicuous brown shade than in
deerraria;; proximal half of distal area generally rather strongly
dark-clouded; in addition, the median shade, which in deerraria is
594 Annals of the South African Museum.
generally placed distally to the cell-spot (though very variable),
seems in ewerrarva to be always proximal, browner, often obsolescent,
anteriorly only marked in fuscous as a spot on hind margin.
Cape Province: Clanwilliam, a long series in coll. South African
Museum et coll. L. B. Prout.
This was submitted to my inspection by the Museum some years
ago and passed over as a dwarf race of deerraria, though the constancy
of its size arrested my attention ; on account of the postmedian line
I think it must be a separate species, or possibly a local race of dis-
putaria Guen.
22. TEPHRINA (?) DIARMODIA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 21.)
2, 26 mm. Face prominent, rounded, without projecting cone.
Palpus moderate (antennae lost). Head and body concolorous with
wings, the pectus, anterior part of abdomen beneath and greater
part of the legs whitish, with only very sparse irroration.
Forewing with apex rather more pointed than in the disputaria
group ; SC1-? coincident, touching SC?-4 at a point ; very pale sand-
colour, with darker sandy irroration and markings ; costal edge dark-
spotted, especially in proximal half; some black irroration at base ;
antemedian line from just beyond one-third costa, oblique outward,
behind SC strongly bent, thence about parallél with termen at the
bend and at hind margin slightly thickened ; cell-spot oval, darkened
anteriorly ; median shade excurved just beyond cell-spot, very gently
incurved posteriorly, from M? thickened and irrorated with black ;
succeeding space scarcely irrorated ; postmedian line about 3 mm.
from termen, still more gently curved than median; a slightly
sinuous-edged band beyond, about 1:5 mm. broad, its distal half
irrorated with black; subterminal shade indicated by sparseness
of irroration ; terminal line interrupted; (fringe wanting).—Hind-
wing with termen slightly waved; nearly as forewing, paler proxim-
ally ; cell-spot smaller, median shade fine, just proximal thereto ;
postmedian more proximal than usual—placed and shaped almost as
in Semiothisa alternata Warr. (Nov. Zool., vi, 306); praesubterminal
dark band far beyond the postmedian, continuing the distal half of
the forewing band, and curving slightly so as to reach hind margin
close to tornus ; slight macular shading midway between postmedian
line and this band ; pale subterminal shade broadening posteriorly.—
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 595
Underside with no black irroration, cell-marks weak, lines almost
obsolete ; both wings with ill-defined praesubmarginal band.
Cape Province: Upington, January 1919 (Father R. Solier).
23. HyosTOMODES EXTRUSILINEA sp. nov.
(Plate XVII, fig. 22.)
39, 25-27 mm. Head, body and legs mostly ochreous brown, the
thorax above, especially in front, shaded with grey, the abdomen
slightly paler dorsally than ventrally. Frontal prominence with the
vertical suture strong, the knob below undeveloped. Antennal cilia-
tion in g scarcely as long as diameter of shaft.
Forewing with termen perhaps even more faintly sinuate in anterior
half than in nubilata Warr. ; ochreous light-brown, rather strongly
irrorated with grey, which forms an appreciable, though not sharply-
defined, darker triangular cloud distally, commencing in a point at
termen close behind SC, at hind margin occupying half the wing--
length; costal margin slightly less irrorated, the commencement
of the lines here showing as outwardly oblique brown marks, the
median nearer to the postmedian than to the antemedian ; markings
otherwise almost entirely obsolete ; a faintly dark, somewhat elongate
cell-mark indicated, also a slight pale shade from apex, bounding the
grey border proximally, and an ill-defined dark spot or streak between
R3 and M! on the proximal edge of the grey border; a weak dark
terminal line ; fringe slightly mottled, traversed by two fine whitish
lines, the stronger one at base, the slighter in middle.—Hindwing less
strongly irrorated ; a small blackish cell-dot ; a brown postmedian
line from about two-thirds costa, projecting outward to a point at
R1, then slightly sinuous to hind margin at three-fifths, where it is
marked by a dark, distally white-edged dot; distal dark shade
weak and narrow ; termen and fringe nearly as on forewing.—Under-
side, especially of hindwing, more ochreous, on the forewing becoming
whitish-mixed posteriorly and with the grey terminal shade indicated
anteriorly and continuing very narrowly to SM?; both wings with a
slightly reticulated appearance and with a moderately conspicuous dark
cell-dot (on forewing slightly elongate), termen and fringe as above.
South Rhodesia: Umvuma (Rev. Neville Jones). Paratypes in
coll. A. J. T. Janse et coll. L. B. Prout. A long series in coll. Brit.
Mus. from Salisbury, collected by Mr Guy A. K. Marshall.
An obscure little species but with a characteristic feature in the
markedly projecting line of the hindwing.
40
596 Annals of the South African Museum.
24. SEMIOTHISA BRONGUSARIA EXOSCIODES subsp. nov.
3, 28 mm. Slightly narrower-winged than typical brongusaria
Walk., hindwing appreciably more bent at R’, showing an approach
towards the shape of S. parallacta Warr. (Nov. Zool., iv, 112), ete.
Ground-colour as in the least ochreous (more whitish) brongusaria,
with grey irroration which leaves a paler area on the forewing proxim-
ally to the postmedian line and forms on both wings a rather definitely
darkened distal area. Forewing with median line crossing the cell-
dot ; oblique pale subapical streak narrow, the two dark dots in front
of the angle of the postmedian line (before and behind SC*) rather
strong, the pale tornal patch small and ill-defined, the dark spot
proximal to it not strong, divided into two by the submedian fold.
Hindwing with the dark border traversed by a fairly distinct whitish
subterminal line.
S.W. Africa: Grootfontein (R. W. Tucker).
On the strength of a single specimen, the status of this form is
largely conjectural ; differences of shape, even when only slight, are
very generally specific, while on the other hand they may conceivably
prove only teratological. On the whole, it seems best to regard the
specimen as representing a form of the extremely variable brongusaria,
with which it agrees in venation, non-dilated hind tibia, etc., and which
is abundant in the Cape Province and 8.E. Africa.
It has unfortunately been decided that the name Semiothisa Hib. -
is prior to Macaria.
25. OBOLCOLA PULVEREA (Prout) ab. scoTozoNA ab. nov.
This species, doubtfully described by me from a @ with rather
exceptional venation as an aberrant Sicyodes (Ann. 8. Afr. Mus.,
XVII, 64) and now figured (Plate XVII, fig. 23) proves to be an Obolcola ;
$3 from the type locality (March and April) agree with it except in
their smaller size and more sharply expressed cell-dots. Among them
is a remarkable aberration with the cell-spots enlarged (that of fore-
wing ocellated) and with a continuous subterminal dark band above
and beneath, strongest and most solid on forewing above: ab.
scotozona ab. nov.
The present occasion may be taken to correct an unfortunate
erratum (tom. cit., p. 65). The paragraph at the end of No. 25
(Sicyodes subochrea), commencing “ A damaged 2”’ is out of place and
belonged at the end of No. 24, pulverea, though I now think the
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera). 597
specimen in question is more likely to belong to petronaria ab. aliena
Prout—treally too worn to make out.
ADDENDUM.
26 (84). SCOPULA EUCHROA sp. nov.
3,28 mm. Face black. Palpus black, pale beneath and on inner
side. Vertex and antenna pale flesh-colour ; ciliation slightly longer
than diameter of shaft. Thorax and abdomen flesh-colour. Fore
coxa and femur largely black. Hind tibia with both pencils ; tarsus
almost as long as tibia, 1st joint fully twice as long as 2nd.
Forewing with costa scarcely arched, apex moderately acute,
termen moderately oblique, slightly curved; areole moderate, SC!
stalked just beyond it; whitish ochreous, almost entirely suffused with
flesh-colour ; costal edge narrowly browner; sparse and minute
blackish irroration ; cell-dot small, but sharply black; lines pink,
not very strong; antemedian obsolete; median fairly thick, very
oblique, arising near costa at about four-fifths (very near postmedian),
scarcely curved, reaching hind margin at about three-fifths; post-
median 2 mm. from termen, fine, weakly lunulate inward between the
veins ; subterminals very feebly indicated ; faint traces of a brown
terminal line, with minute greyer interneural dots ; fringe concolorous.
—Hindwing with termen moderately rounded; a minute black
cell-dot ; median shade curved, passing just outside it ; postmedian
nearly 3 mm. from termen; proximal subterminal nearly as well
indicated as postmedian ; termen as on forewing.
Underside without the fleshy suffusion. Forewing heavily suffused
with black-grey as far as the oblique line, near base almost black ;
oblique line and postmedian black-grey, distinct. Hind margin and
hindwing much paler ; hindwing almost unmarked, except for cell-dot.
Cape Province: Witte River, Wellington, 1,500 feet, November
1922 (R. Laurence).
Larger than carnosa (supra), paler, the outer lines less obsolescent,
terminal black dots undeveloped, underside distinctive, structure of
hindleg different.
598 Annals of the South African Museum.
A
alumna (Ortholitha) .
artifex (Perizoma ?)
athrodpsegma (Drepanogynis)
B
basutensis (Perizoma)
brongusaria (Semiothisa)
C
canescens (Lithostege)
canilinea (Eupagia)
carnosa (Scopula)
confracta (Ptychopoda)
crenulimargo (Ortholitha) .
D
diarmodia (Tephrina ?)
Drepanogynis
E
Ectropis
ereuthopeza (Hemistola B) 2
euchroa (Scopula)
Hupagia
Hupithecia :
exerraria (Tephrina) .
exosciodes (Semiothisa)
extrusilinea (Hyostomodes)
F
fumilinea (Ptychopoda)
G
GEOMETRINAE .
H
Hemistola
HEMITHEINAE
Horisme
Hyostomodes
INDEX
L
PAGE
585 | LARENTIINAE
587 | licita (Kupithecia)
590 | lightfooti (Eupithecia)
Lithostege :
M
588 | Mictoschema
596 | monotropa (Scopula) .
N
590 Neromia .
592
583 e
584 | Obolcola
586 | Ortholitha
12
palleuca (Scopula)
594 | pallidimacula (Horisme)
590 | palpifera (Scopula)
paracopa (Ectropis)
Perizoma
592 plesioscotia (Ptychopoda)
580 Ptychopoda
597 pulverea (Obolcola)
591
589 2 ce
593 | robertsoni (Eupagia) .
596
595 8
Scopula : :
scotozona (Obolcola)
Semiothisa
584 | sesquifascia (Lithostege)
STERRHINAE i
strigulosa (Neromia) .
an swierstrai (Mictoschema)
5
an
Tephrina .
580 | tuckeri (Mictoschema)
579
588 My
595 | vepallida (Eupithecia)
PAGE
585
589
589°
590
580
581
579
596
585
582
588
583
592
587
584
584
596
591
581, 597
596
596
590
581
579
580
093
580
589
PLATE XVI.
FIG.
1. Hebdomophruda crenilinea Prout, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus., XVII, 60.
2. Scopula flexio Prout, os
3. Allochlorodes elpis Prout, af
4. Microligia intervenata Prout, §
5. Palaeaspilates mansueta Prout, a
6. Scopula tenuiscripta Prout, 5p
7. Ptychopoda lipara Prout, 9p
8. Drepanogynis pero Prout, 0
9. Ortholitha punctiscripta Prout, $b
10. Hupithecia lictta Prout, 90
11. Conchylia lamellata Prout, es
12. Hupithecia subcanipars Prout, a
13. Hebdomophruda errans Prout, 35
14. Gonodontis stictoneura Prout, me
15. Pseudomaenas oncodogramma Prout, e
16. Aphilopota phanerostigma Prout, sp
17. Drepanogynis leptodoma Prout, oD
18. Larentia diplocampa Prout, 3
19. Hupithecia rediviva Prout, ss
20. Conchylia actena Prout, a
21. Ptychopoda plesioscotia sp. nov.
22. Ortholitha peringueyt Prout, Ann. 8. Afr.
23. Aspilatopsis orthobates Prout, ab., 5 ep
24. Axiodes dochmoleuca Prout, 3 53
25. Sicyodes subochrea Prout, af AD
26. Peridela punctilinea Prout, 5 6
27. Larentioides cacothemon Prout, 53 —
28. Hupithecia subterlimbata Prout, underside ,, 53
29. Discalma arcifera dubia Prout, 26 9
30. Hemerophila absurda Prout, 3 .
PLATE XVII.
1. Peridela birecta Prout, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., X VII, 70.
2. Hupithecia lightfooti sp. nov.
3. Lithostege sesquifascia canescens subsp. nov.
4. Tephrina abnormata Prout, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., X VII, 71.
5. Horisme pallidimacula sp. nov.
6. Perizoma (*) artifex sp. nov.
7. Ptychopoda fumilinea f. confracta form. nov.
8. Pareclipsis onus Prout, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., XVII, 73.
New Species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera).
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
48.
47.
59.
50.
49.
50.
62.
52.
55.
58.
55.
61.
72.
60.
66.
62.
599
_ Annals of the South African Museum.
Ortholitha alumna sp. nov.
. Neromia strigulosa sp. nov.
. Mictoschema swierstrai tuckeri subsp. nov.
. Ortholitha crenulimargo sp. nov.
. Petelia pseudognophos Prout, Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., XVII, 74.
. Hupagia robertsoni sp. nov.
. Drepanogynis athrodpsegma sp. nov.
. LHupagia canilinea sp. nov.
. Hemistola (?) ereuthopeza sp. nov.
. Ectropis paracopa sp. nov.
. Scopula palleuca sp. nov.
. Tephrina exerraria sp. nov.
. Tephrina (?) diarmodia sp. nov.
. Hyostomodzs extrusilinea sp. nov.
. Obolcola pulverea (Prout), Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., XVII, 64
. Scopula monotropa sp. nov.
. Scopula carnosa sp. nov.
. Scopula palpifera sp. nov.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., Vol. XIX. Plate XVI.
27.
A, E, Prout ad nat. del, P. W. M. Trap chr.
SOUTH AFRICAN GEOMETRIDAE.
Ann. 8. Afr. Mus.. Vol. XIX. Plate XVII.
A. F, Prout ad nat. del. P. W. M. Trap chr.
SOUTH AFRICAN GEOMETRIDAE.
Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae (Diptera). 601
11. Mycetophilidae and Bibtonidae (Diptera) in the Collections of the
South African Museum.—By F. W. Epwarps, B.A., F.E.S.
(With 3 Text-figures.)
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
THE material dealt with in the present paper was sent for determina-
tion by the late Dr. L. Péringuey, who kindly allowed the writer
to retain duplicates (where available) for the British Museum.
Although small, and not in the best preservation, the collection has
proved remarkably interesting, and the results of its study lead one
to hope that future collecting in the Cape Province will reveal many
more new and interesting forms. The occurrence of a species of
the genus Heterotricha, hitherto known only from Baltic Amber, is
worthy of special note. The genera Dziedzickia and Acrodicrania
are also recorded from Africa now for the first time.
Famity MYCETOPHILIDAE.
Scrara Mg.
Sciara stigmatopleura, sp. n.
M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones) ; 6 3, 1 2 (cotypes).
Also the following material in the British Museum: Mossel Bay,
Cape Province, 1.1922 (R. EH. Turner); 5 2. Mlanje, Nyasaland,
21.11.1913 (8. A. Neave); 29. Dowa District, Nyasaland (Dr. J. B.
Davey); 19. Belgian Congo (R. Mayne); 1 2. Bende, Nigeria,
22.v.1910 (J. J. Simpson); 2 9. Obuasi, Ashanti, 21.vi.1917 (Dr.
W.M. Graham); 1 9.
2. Head yellowish, somewhat shining; a black spot between the
ocelli, which are rather close together, in a subequilateral triangle.
Kyes distinctly pubescent, touching above the antennae. Palpi
blackish brown, the three segments equal in length and each a little
over twice as long as broad. Antennae with the scape yellowish,
flagellum black, except for the base of the first segment. First
flagellar segment nearly four times as long as broad, the remaining
_ segments subequal, each a little over twice as long as broad. Thorax
602 Annals of the South African Museum.
somewhat shining light reddish ochreous, the pleurotergites (lateral
sclerites of postnotum, behind and below base of wing), with a large
round dull black spot ; no other thoracic markings. Mesonotal setae
short, scanty and black ; scutellum with about six short black marginal
setae. Abdomen with the tergites dark brown, their apical margin
narrowly pale; tergites 7 and 8 or 6-8 often paler than the rest ;
sternites light brown, their apical margins broadly pale. Pleural
membrane ochreous. Lamellae of ovipositor black, the second seg-
ment almost round. Legs with the coxae and femora reddish
ochreous ; trochanters marked with black on the under side; tibiae
brownish ochreous ; tarsi blackish. Tibial spurs barely twice as long
as the diameter of the tibiae. First segment of front tarsi slightly
over half as long as the tibiae. Fourth tarsal segment slightly shorter
than the fifth. Hind tibiae without a definite apical comb. Claws
simple ; empodia and pulvilli equally well developed, over half as
long as the claws. Wangs with a slight and uniform brownish tinge.
Costal cell not widened. Sc reaching just beyond the base of Rs ;
R1 very slightly longer than &; costa reaching nearly three-fourths
of the distance from the tip of Rs to the tip of M1; tip of R1 a little
beyond the level of fM7; Rs and M2 ending at the same level; Cu
half as long as the basal section of M. Branches of M and Cu with
fine macrotrichia. Halteres dark brown, base of stem yellowish.
3. Differs from the 2 as follows :—Antennae not much shorter than
the whole body, the flagellar segments three to four times as long as
broad, and clothed with pubescence which is as long as the diameter of
the segments. Vertex much more extensively dark. Mesonotum with
three broad and more or less confluent blackish-brown stripes, though
the scutellum and postnotum remain entirely ochreous. Hypo-
pygium ochreous, except for the extreme tips of the claspers, which are
black. Claspers very large, oval, constricted on the inner side imme-
diately before the tip, which has a dense tuft of short black bristles
facing inwards.
Length of body, 4-4-5 mm. ; wing, 4-4-8 mm.
This distinctively coloured species is nearly allied to S. flavoscutellata
Hdw. (Hast Africa), which has the postnotum as well as the scutum
black in both sexes.
Sciara capensis, sp. N.
Cape Town Museum Grounds; 1 3, 5 Q, reared from larvae collected
11.vi.1914, pupated 4.vil.14, flies emerged 12.vii.14 (K. H. Barnard).
2. Head of the ordinary size. Vertex somewhat shining, black,
Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae (Diptera). 603
considerably swollen. Face greyish. Ocelli equal in size, in a sub-
equilateral triangle. Eyes moderately pubescent, separated by about
the width of one facet; bridge four facets wide in the middle, but
narrowed to a single facet in width close to the main portion of the
eyes. Palpi short, black, the three visible segments practically equal
in length and scarcely twice as long as broad. Antennae uniformly
black, with short pale pubescence ; flagellar segments all equal in
length and a little over one and a half times as long as broad. Thorax
shining black, the humeral angles, a small area round the prothoracic
spiracles, the sternopleural suture and the metapleura (hypopleura)
ochreous. Marginal bristles of scutum distinct, black, dorso-central
and acrostichal bristles minute, only just discernible under a magnifica-
tion of 80, in single irregular rows. Scutellum covered with short
bristles over almost its entire surface, none of the marginal ones
differentiated. Pleurae bare. Abdomen black, somewhat shining,
with short black pubescence. Pleural membrane ochreous. Hind
margins of tergites narrowly pale. Sixth and seventh segments well
developed. Ovipositor black, second segment of lamellae oval.
Legs rather stout, blackish brown, front coxae and femora somewhat
lighter. Tibial spurs blackish, about twice as long as the tibial
diameter and about one-third as long as the first tarsal segments.
First tarsal segment on front legs one-half, on hind legs one-third as
long as the tibia. Hind tibia without apical comb. Claws simple ;
empodia and pulvilli short. Wangs with strong smoky tinge, cells C
and R1 blackish. Sc not quite reaching base of Rs. Branches of M
and Cu bearing macrotrichia. &1 ending exactly above fM, of the
same length as Rk. Median fork as long as its faint petiole. Base of
Cul faint. Cu about half as long as the first section of M. M2
ending slightly beyond the level of the tip of Rs. Halteres with
ochreous stem and black knob.
Length of body, 4 mm. ; wing, 4 mm.
¢. Antennae asin the?. Hypopygium very large, almost as large
as the thorax and not much shorter than the remainder of the abdomen.
Side pieces dark brown, twice as long as broad. Claspers black,
nearly as long and nearly as thick as the side pieces ; a large median
projection on the inner side bearing a few stiff bristles, tip with a
dense crown of short black bristles facing inwards. Wings only about
twice as long as the thorax. 1 slightly longer than R and ending
slightly before fM. Macrotrichia on M confined to the tips of the
branches. Cul with the apical half obsolete, the basal half faint.
Length of body, 2-5 mm.; wing, 2-2 mm.
604. Annals of the South African Museum.
This is a rather well-marked species, on account of the unusually
narrow ocular bridge, and the reduced venation of the male. Although
the latter feature may not be constant, it is paralleled by S. semialata
Edw. (England) and S. beformis, Lundbeck (Greenland).
Sciara barnardi, sp. n.
Hottentots Holland Mts., Caledon side, 4,000 ft., Jan. 1916 (H. K.
Barnard) ; 2 @.
2. Head unusually small, not more than half as broad as the thorax.
Vertex dull black, very much swollen. Ocelli close together in a
flattened triangle. Eyes densely hairy; the narrow portions just
touching, four facets wide. Labium black, slightly more produced
than usual. Palpi entirely black and rather long ; the first two of the
visible segments each about twice as long as broad, the third nearly
four times as long as broad. Antennae entirely black; flagellar
segments subequal, not quite twice as long as broad; pubescence
very short. Thorax entirely dull black, with a slight grey shimmer in
some lights, three narrow lines of intenser black on the scutum.
Mesonotal bristles distinct, black; acrostichal in about two rows,
dorso-central in about four rows. Scutellum with short black bristles,
about six on the margin rather longer than the rest. Pleurae bare.
Abdomen dull black, with rather long and conspicuous black pubes-
cence. Sixth and seventh segments well developed. Terminal
lamellae of ovipositor rather elongate oval. Legs entirely black, the
coxae dusted with grey. Tibial spurs reddish, very short, hardly
longer than the diameter of the tibiae. First tarsal segment on all
the legs about two-fifths as long as the respective tibia. Hind tibia
with a distinct black apical comb. Empodia and pulvill well
developed, not much shorter than the claws. Wings blackish, some-
what darker towards the anterior margin. Costal cell distinctly
broadened in the middle. Sc fading out gradually, fairly distinct to
about the middle of R. 1 a trifle shorter than R, and ending almost
directly above fM. Branches of media parallel, slightly shorter than
the fairly distinct petiole. No macrotrichia on M or Cu. Cuscarcely
half as long as the first section of MW. M2 ending below the tip of Rs.
Halteres black, the extreme base of the stem lighter.
Length of body, 4:5 mm.; wing, 5:2 mm.
In some respects, notably the small head, the shghtly produced
labium, the widened costal cell, and the distinct hind tibial comb, this
species shows a distinct approach to the South American genus
Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae (Diptera). 605
Rhynchosciara. I am unable to identify it with any of the recorded
African species, several of the descriptions of which are entirely
inadequate. A third specimen taken at the same place and time is
rather smaller, and has the abdomen dark brown instead of black,
but almost certainly belongs to the same species.
HETEROTRICHA Lw.
Heterotricha (?) relicta, sp. n. (fig. 1).
Montagu, Cape Province, x.1917 (EK. P. Phillips); 3 3, 1.
39. Head dull dark greyish, pollinose, clothed with a rather long
and coarse whitish pubescence. Hyes large, emarginate, with a
Fic. 1.—Heterotricha relicta, sp.n. a, wing; 6, ovipositor from beneath ; c, hypo-
pygium from above, ninth tergite and anal segment removed and shown
separately (d).
narrow supra-antennal portion 3-4 facets wide, the pair of narrow
projections not forming a complete bridge, but separated by about the
width of two facets. Ocelli equal in size, separated by nearly twice
their breadth, in a very flat triangle. Palpi rather dark brownish,
slender, of three distinct segments (apart from the palpiger) each
segment a little over three times as long as broad, the terminal one
rather longer and more slender than the others. Antennae with the
scape and most of the first flagellar segment ochreous, remainder
606 Annals of the South African Museum
dark brown. Flagellar pubescence dense, even, about half as long
as the diameter of the segments. First flagellar segment about five
times as long as broad, the succeeding segments each a little shorter
than the last; penultimate about twice as long as broad, terminal
rather longer, bluntly pointed. Antennae of 9 slightly shorter than
those of g. Thorax dull dark grey, heavily pollinose; mesonotum
with coarse pale yellowish pubescence, mixed with some longer pale
hairs and arranged in definite acrostichal, dorso-central and lateral
stripes. Scutellum with similar clothing to that of the mesonotum.
Pleurae bare, the sutures between the different portions scarcely
indicated. Pleurotergites flat, not prominent as in most Myceto-
philidae, with about ten long pale hairs. Abdomen blackish, paler
ventrally, faintly shining, rather densely clothed with pale yellowish
pubescence. Seventh and eighth segments shortened, but not re-
tracted, the membrane separating them from the sixth and ninth
quite short. Hypopygium small and inconspicuous; ninth tergite
rather large and rounded ; claspers simple, notched apically. Ovi-
positor also short and inconspicuous, turned downwards and largely
hidden beneath the ninth tergite ; no chitinous spermathecae. Legs
with the coxae and femora pale ochreous, trochanters black-marked,
tibiae brownish, tarsi blackish. Coxae and femora pale haired. Tibial
spurs black, two to three times as long as the diameter of the tibiae ;
all tibiae with short setae, about half as long as the tibial diameter.
Hind tibiae with a rather indefinite apical comb. First segment of
front tarsi about three-fifths as long, of hind tarsi one-half as long as
the respective tibia. Coxae moderately short, the front pair as long
as the others. Hmpodia broad and almost as long as the short simple
claws. Wings hyaline, veins all dark; venation as figured. Mem-
brane with numerous curved macrotrichia, which are uniformly dis-
tributed over practically the whole surface, but more densely crowded
just round the tip. Microtrichia very minute, only just perceptible
under a magnification of 80. Halteres ochreous, knob somewhat
darkened.
Length of body, 3 mm.; wing, 3-5 mm.
The genera Hetcroiena Lw. and Palaeoheterotricha Meunier are
both very imperfectly known, each being based on a single fossil
species from Baltic Amber. Since no living representative of the
group has hitherto been described, the discovery of one existing in
South Africa is of no little interest. According to the information
provided by Meunier, in the fossil Heterotricha R1 ends before the
level of the base of the median fork, the costa extends far beyond the
Mycetophilidae and Bibiondae (Diptera). 607
tip of Rs, and 7m is long, whereas in Palaeoheterotricha the costa stops
short at the tip of Rs, R1 ends well beyond the level of the base of the
median fork, and r—m is very short. In the new species R1 is long,
as in Palacoheterotricha, the costa extends slightly beyond the tip of
Rs, and r—m is long, as in Heterotricha. ‘The living form therefore
appears to be intermediate between the two fossil forms, and suggests
that all three might be included within the same genus; the im-
portant character common to all three being the origin of Cul from M
instead of from Cuw2.
Meunier referred Heterotricha to the Sciaridae, though Enderlein,
in his later paper on the classification of this group, considered it as
belonging to the Mycetophilinae. In the character of its eyes, how-
ever, as well as in the general features of its venation, the recent form
certainly seems to be closer to the Sciaridae, and could not, in my
opinion, be included in the Mycetophilinae. The form of the genitalia,
however, especially those of the female, differs from that of most of
the Sciaridae ; and the vestiture of the thorax and abdomen, as well
as the abbreviated costa, is reminiscent of the Lestreminae, from which
group it would be excluded by the strongly developed tibial spurs.
DziEpzicki1a Joh.
Dziedzickia nitida, sp. n.
Cape Town, vii.1916 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; 1 9.
9. Head shining black, almost bare. Ocelli in a straight line, rather
more widely separated from one another than the lateral pair are from
the eye-margins. Hyes very slightly emarginate above the level of
the base of the antennae. Palpi short, dark brown. Antennae
blackish, scape light brown. First flagellar segment slightly over
twice as long as broad, second a trifle shorter, third rather shorter
than the second, fourth and following segments each a little broader
than long. Thorax shining black dorsally, pleurae ochreous brown.
Mesonotum with black bristles, those at the sides rather long, those
forming the usual three dorsal rows shorter. Scutellum with six
bristles, rather slender and irregularly arranged. Abdomen ochreous
brown, somewhat shining, the posterior margins of the tergites dark
brown ; cerci short, slender, brown. Legs with the coxae, trochanters
and femora uniformly ochreous, tibiae brownish ochreous, tarsi dark
brown ; tibial spurs pale. On the front legs the first tarsal segment is
about three-fifths as long as the tibia and twice as long as the second
segment ; the tarsi are not or only very indistinctly thickened. The
608 Annals of the South African Museum.
fine tibial setae not arranged in definite rows ; spines black, about as
long as the diameter of the tibiae. Hind tibiae without apical comb.
Empodia well developed. Wangs with a slight and uniform brownish
tinge. Venation as in D. marginata, except that Rs is slightly more
curved and rather nearer to R1, and the base of the fork of Cu is only
very slightly before the base of r-m. MHalteres with pale stem and
brown knob.
Length of body, 4mm.; wing, 4 mm.
The occurrence of this rather distinct European and North American
genus in South Africa is of considerable interest. The new species
is obviously closely allied to the European form, but differs in the
shining head, colour of abdomen and halteres, and in the form and
proportions of the front tarsal segments.
Mycomyia Rond.
Mycomyia (s. str.) lightfooti, sp. n. (fig. 2).
Oudebosch, Caledon Division, xii.1920 (R. M. Lightfoot); 1 3.
3. Head blackish grey, scarcely shining, with fine dark pubescence.
Palpi short, blackish. Antennae with the three basal segments brown,
the remainder black. First flagellar segment a little over twice as
long as broad, next five segments each about half as long again as
broad, remaining eight segments from twice to three and a half times
as long as broad, gradually becoming more slender towards the tip of
the antenna. Thorax uniformly dull blackish brown dorsally, humeri
and pleurae ochreous. Mesonotum with three double rows of bristles
on the disc, these bristles mostly fine and short. Scutellum with only
two strong bristles, which are very widely separated and placed quite
near the sides on the apical margin. Abdomen uniformly blackish
brown above, lighter below. Hypopygium with two pairs of rather
elongate appendages, one very slender, slightly hairy throughout, the
other broader, hairy only on the slightly expanded tips. Legs light
brownish, trochanters, tibiae and tarsi darkened. As in all members
of the genus known to the writer the fine tibial setae are arranged in
conspicuously regular longitudinal rows, the hind tibiae have a dis-
tinct apical comb, and the empodia are absent. Tibial spurs black.
Front legs long and slender, the first tarsal segment slightly longer
than the tibia. Middle coxae with a slender, forwardly projecting
curved spine, which is not quite half as long as the coxa itself. Hind
coxae with a conspicuous posterior row of long bristly hairs. Wangs
Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae (Diptera). 609
with a slight and uniform greyish tinge, devoid of markings. Venation:
Sc ending in the costa just before the apex of the small cell, which is
almost rectangular and about twice as long as broad. Stem of median
fork about one-fourth shorter than the lower branch. Base of cubital
fork slightly beyond base of the stem of the median fork. Anal vein
reaching to middle of cubital fork. Halteres with pale stem and
brown knobs.
Length of body, 4 mm.; wing, 4 mm.
This species differs from all those at present described from Africa in
its entirely unmarked wings. In this respect, and in the possession of
ds ‘
it \ By
\ .,
A OWN Ys
bg SJ
a 6
Fic. 2.— Mycomyia lightfooti, sp. n. a, hypopygium from beneath ; 6, ninth
tergite and anal segment from above.
mid-coxal spines (a secondary sexual character of the male) it resembles
a large group of Huropean species. The genus is evidently well
developed in Africa, the British Museum possessing at least a dozen
undescribed species.
ACRODICRANIA Skuse.
Acrodicrania africana, sp. 0.
Cape Town, 1915 (L. Péringuey) ; 2 3,19.
Head dark brown with black bristles. Antennae with the first
three segments ochreous, the remainder blackish ; flagellar segments
in both sexes approximately equal in length and about as long as
broad. Palpi and the rather broad flat labella pale yellowish. Ocelli
equal in size, in a straight line, the laterals almost but not quite
touching the eye-margins. Thorax dull ochreous brown, scarcely
610 Annals of the South African Museum.
shining, the mesonotum with faint indications of three darker stripes ;
pubescence pale, bristles blackish. Scutellum with four long black
bristles, the middle pair a little further from one another than from the
lateral pair. Pleurotergites (lateral lobes of postnotum) with a patch
of long black hair. Abdomen ochreous brown ; tergites 2 and 3 with
dark brown apical bands, broadened at the sides ; tergites 4-6 almost
entirely blackish brown, at least in the male. Hypopygium ochreous,
the claspers densely set with short black spiny bristles. Legs uni-
formly ochreous, only the tarsi somewhat darkened; tibial spurs
pale; spines black, not very regularly arranged, averaging twice the
diameter of the tibiae in length. Mid tibiae with two long spines
almost ventrally placed, hind tibiae with none. No hind tibial comb.
Eupodium distinct, about as long as the claws. Wings with a slight
brownish tinge, somewhat darker round the tip, and with a slight
brown shade beneath the curve of Cu2. Venation almost exactly
as figured by Skuse for A. atricauda, the only noticeable difference
being that Sc2 is a trifle further from the tip of Scl. Halteres light
ochreous.
Length of body, 3-3-5 mm. ; wing, 3-3°5 mm.
This is the first African species to be discovered of this genus,
which proves to have a wide distribution, species having been reported
from India and South America as well as from Australia. The position
of the ocelli in the Australian species is not clearly indicated by
Skuse ; if his expression “in a straight line on the front’ means
that the laterals are well removed from the eye-margins, this will
constitute a rather important distinction between the Australian
and African species.
Leta Mg. (Leiomyia Edw.).
Leia stigmatica, sp. n. (fig. 3).
Cape Town, Sept. 1913 and 1915 (R. M. Lightfoot and L. Péringuey) ;
2 3,32; alsol ¢$ without data.
Head mostly shining black, the face and a small area above the
base of the antennae brownish ochreous. Antennae of 9 as long as
the head and thorax, basal flagellar segments about one-third longer
than broad, remainder as long as broad; antennae of ¢ slightly
longer than those of the 2. Scape ochreous, flagellum blackish brown.
Palpi brownish. Bristles black. Lateral ocelli narrowly separated
from the eye-margins. Thorax light ochreous ; the mesonotum with
a pair of very large oval shining black patches, laterally placed on the
Mycetophilidae and Bibiomdae (Diptera). 611
posterior two-thirds, somewhat approximated behind and fading out
just before the scutellum, the ochreous area between them about half
the width of the scutellum ; some specimens also show traces of a
double median brown stripe extending from the front margin of the
mesonotum to about the middle. Scutellum ochreous; postnotum
brownish, darker posteriorly, the prominent pleurotergites shining
black. Mesonotal bristles black, those on the lateral margin very
stout ; in the disc are some rather long pale hairs mixed with the
bristles. Scutellum with four strong black marginal bristles, almost
equidistant. Pleurae ochreous, with a slight whitish shimmer in some
Fie. 3.—Leia stigmatica, sp.n. a, hypopygium from above ; 6b, from
beneath ; c, aedoeagus.
lights; subalar knob dark. Abdomen with tergites 1-4 mostly
ochreous brown, with broad but rather ill-defined lateral blackish-
brown stripes, which in some specimens tend to broaden out just
before the apices of the segments and may form narrow transverse
subapical dark lines. Sternites 1-4 uniformly ochreous. Segments
5 and 6 almost uniformly blackish brown ; hypopygium and ovipositor
ochreous. Legs ochreous, unmarked, only the tarsi darkened. Tibial
spines black, spurs brownish. Hind tibia with a rather indefinite comb
of black bristles. Wings with a slight uniform brownish tinge, without
markings; veins dark brown; 7-m equal to A1 in length or very
slightly longer. Halteres very short, pale ochreous.
Length of body, 4-5 mm.; wing, 4-5 mm.
This species is nearly allied to L. notabilis Edw. (British East Africa),
differing in the markings of the abdomen and the unmarked hind
femora. The British Museum possesses another (undescribed) species
of the same group from Natal, also representatives from the Oriental
and Neotropical regions.
41
612 Annals of the South African Museum.
Leia (Rhymoleia) maculicoxa (Enderlein).
East London, July 1914 (R. M. Lightfoot); 1 2.
The discovery of this species in South Africa, assuming it to be
correctly determined, forms an interesting extension of its known
range ; previous records have been from the Seychelle Is. (Enderlein)
and Ceylon (Brunetti and Edwards). In the Cape specimen there is no
trace of a dark subapical wing fascia, and the branches of the media are
rather less convergent apically than in the other specimens I have
examined. It is unfortunate that a male is not available from the
Cape at present; possibly the structure of the hypopygium might
prove it to be distinct.
Mycrtopuita Mg.
Mycetophila lineola Mg.
Cape Town, 1915 (L. Péringuey) ; 1 2.
This common European species has already been recorded by
me from East Africa. The present specimen agrees in hypopygial
structure and in all other respects with typical British examples of
the species.
Dexopsis Skuse.
Delopsis seychellensis (Enderlein).
M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones); 1 9.
The abdomen is lighter in colour than in Enderlein’s types, but this
is a variable character in several species of this group, and until a
male is obtained this specimen can only be referred to D. seychellensis.
The second abdominal segment shows the two long ventral bristles
characteristic of the genus. This is the second species of the genus
to be recorded from the African continent.
Famity BIBIONIDAE.
Brsio Geoftr.
Bibio melanogaster Wiedemann.
Krantzkop, Natal, 11.1917 (K. H. Barnard) ; 2 g,1 9.
I identify these specimens with some doubt, owing to certain small
Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae (Diptera). 613
divergences from Wiedemann’s description. The pubescence is not
entirely greyish, but is pale only on the under side of the head, the
sides of the thorax, the whole abdomen and the front and mid femora ;
while it is black on the eyes of the male, the mesonotum in both sexes,
the hind femora, and all the tibiae and tarsi. In the female the
pronotum and scutellum are black, as well as the pleurae, but the
mesonotum shows no trace of the median blackish line mentioned
by Wiedemann. All the tibial spurs are reddish in both sexes, those
on the hind legs being rather slender, the tips somewhat rounded.
The smaller spine of the front tibiae is well developed, about half as
long as the larger one.
Bibio birudis Walker.
Illovo, 14.v1.1919 (H. W. Bell-Marley); 3 2.
Krantzkop, Natal, xi.1917 (K. H. Barnard); 1 9.
3g. The males agree well with Walker’s type in the British Museum,
and exhibit the following characters :—Colour uniformly black,
except for the usual pale brownish marks on the humeral angles, above
the roots of the wings, and on each side of the scutellum. Pubescence
of head, thorax and abdomen rather long, dense and black, that of the
legs also all black. Hind femora moderately swollen (less so than in
B. melanogaster), their greatest diameter rather less than the greatest
diameter of the much swollen hind tibiae. Venation practically as in
the allied B. hortulanus Linn.
2. This sex has not hitherto been described. The specimen recorded
above, which probably but not quite certainly belongs to this species,
resembles B. afer Lw. and B. pyrrhonotus Speiser in having a red
mesonotum and black legs, but differs from the former in its black
abdomen and from both in its red pleurae. Head narrow, but not
particularly elongate, shining black. Pronotum reddish brown,
marked with black in the middle and at the sides. Mesonotum with
fine reddish pubescence (not black as in the g, and in both sexes of
B. melanogaster). Scutellum black, with short reddish pubescence.
Abdominal pubescence mostly black, but mixed with some paler,
especially at the sides and beneath. Coxae and tibial spurs dull
reddish, the hind tibial spurs rather stouter than in B. melanogaster,
and bluntly rounded at the tips, the inner slightly longer than the outer.
Hind tibia not swollen. Wings dark brown, darker towards the
anterior margin, the stigma still darker. Venation as in B. melano-
gaster.
614 Annals of the South African Museum.
Bibio longirostris Rondani.
Syn. B. monacanthus Loew.
Cape Town, Sept. 1913 (G. Péringuey) ; 4 9.
There is no statement in Rondani’s short diagnosis which conflicts
with Loew’s more detailed description, and I therefore suggest the
above synonymy and adopt the earlier name. It is worthy of note
that the hind tibial spurs are very broad, rounded at the tips, and
equal in length ; the costa is produced conspicuously beyond the tip
of Rs, much more so than in the hortulanus group.
Bibio lightfooti, sp. n.
Kraaifontein, Cape Province (R. M. Lightfoot); 4 3, 2 9.
g. Uniformly shining black, except for the reddish tibial spurs
and the yellow halteres. Pubescence of eyes black, of thorax,
abdomen and legs uniformly whitish ; moderately long but not very
conspicuous. Rostrum scarcely produced beyond the lower margin
of the eyes. Femora somewhat swollen, especially the front pair.
Tibiae all slender, the front pair with only one distinct spine. Spurs
of hind tibiae equal in length, slender, the tips somewhat rounded.
Hind tarsi slender, the first segment about half as long again as the
second. Wings milk white; anterior veins brown; stigma pale
brown; posterior veins milky. Venation: costa reaching consider-
ably beyond the tip of Rs ; m—cu oblique and placed weil beyond the
fork of M. Hypopygium very small.
2. Head shining black, scarcely longer than broad, the rostrum and
labium together bemg shorter than the eyes; ocellar tubercle
prominent and close to the neck. LHyes distinctly hairy. Pronotum
black in the middle, its sides and also the proepimera ochreous.
Mesonotum with short pale pubescence, shining black, the sides
rather broadly yellow. Scutellum black; postnotum blackish
brown. Pleurae ochreous; mesosternum black. Abdomen blackish
brown above, pale beneath, with short pale pubescence. Legs bright
ochreous ; femora darkened at the tips on the upper surface ; mid
and hind tibiae with rather narrow black apical rings; tarsi black
except on the basal half of the first segment. Hind tibial spurs
broader than in the ¢. Wings asinthe g. Halteres pale yellow.
Length of body, 3-4-5 mm. ; wing, 4-5 mm.
Apparently nearly allied to B. breviceps Lw., differing in the
faint stigma and the light-coloured legs of the 2.
Mycetophilidae and Bibionidae (Diptera). 615
Bibio turnert, sp. n.
Mossel Bay, Cape Province, vi.1921 (R. E. Turner); type 9 in the
British Museum.
Cape Town, ix.1913 (R. M. Lightfoot) ; paratype 2 in the South
African Museum.
2. Differs from B. lightfooti as follows :—Head longer, almost twice
as long as its greatest breadth across the eyes, the increase in length
being chiefly in the basal part. Ocellar tubercle less prominent and
distinctly removed from the neck. LHyes less conspicuously hairy.
Pleurae darker. Hind femora dark above for quite half their length.
Stigma rather dark brown and quite conspicuous, especially in the
type.
In spite of the conspicuous difference in the shape of the head, I am
not altogether satisfied that this is not a mere variety of B. lightfooti,
and it is indeed possible that both may be forms of B. breviceps.
Further collecting will solve the problem.
Puecta Wied.
Plecia ruficollis Fabr.
M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones); 2 g, 2 9.
Ditopyus Mg.
Dilophus capensis, sp. n.
Cape Town, on bones of whale skeleton oozing with oil; 8 3 (cotypes).
Cape Town, 1913 (G. Péringuey) ; 1 3.
Stellenbosch, 1919 (R. M. Lightfoot); 1 9.
Camps Bay, Cape Peninsula, ix.1920 (R. E. Turner); 2 2 in the
British Museum.
3. Body and legs entirely shining black, with rather scanty whitish
hair. Eyes rather scantily hairy. Labium slender, when fully
extended longer than the head. Front tibiae with a rather irregular
and oblique row of four spines slightly beyond the middle ; eight or
nine apical spines. Hind tibiae and tarsi slender, the first tarsal
segment nearly twice as long as the second. Wings milk white,
stigma conspicuous and dark brown, costal cell also slightly darkened.
Anterior veins dark brown, posterior veins milk white. Venation as
in D. febrilis. Halteres with brownish stem and black knob.
616 Annals of the South African Museum.
. Head shining black, nearly twice as long as its greatest breadth,
the rostrum (excluding the labium) about as long as the bare eyes.
Ocelli well separated, not placed on a distinct tubercle. Thorax
shining black, pleurae blackish brown, propleurae and sides of pro-
notum conspicuously orange. Abdomen shining blackish. Legs with
the coxae and femora orange, trochanters and tibiae brownish orange,
tarsi almost black. Front coxae extremely large, both longer and
stouter than the femora. Front tibiae with the four spines placed
slightly before the middle of the tibia, larger and stouter than those of
the male, and also more regularly and less obliquely placed. Wings
with the stigma larger and darker than in the male, the membrane on
the basal two-thirds slightly clouded with brown. Venation and
halteres as in the male.
Length of body, 4-4-5 mm. ; wing, 3-5-4 mm.
Allied to the European D. albipennis Mg. and the Hast African
D. disagra Speiser.
a
Pere
ae =S,
2 Vol. — L out of ee “Part 2, Ae of pr
Vol. T.—Part 1, out of print ; Part 2, 5/6; Part 3, _ out of p
---—-~Part 5, 1/6; Part 6, 3/-; Part 7, 1/6; Part 8, 3/5"
=. Part 10, 7/~; Part 11, 3/-; Index, Title, etc., 1/6.
Vol. Iil.—Part 1, out of print ; Part 2,-1/6; Part 3, 5/6: 4,.
‘Part: 5, 5/6; Part 6, 7/-; Part 7, 1/6; Part 8, 3/-;
Index, Title, etc., 1/6.
Vol. IV (containing Paleontological papers published t in scnmanetes wit
Geological Survey).— ie:
- Part, 11/-; Part.2, ase Part 3, 4/6; Part: 4, a8 Part Bs :
“Part 6, 4/6; Part 7, 14/-; Part 8, 8+. :
Vol. V.—Part 1, 4/6; Part 2, 8/6; Part 3, 2/6; Part 4, 1/6; Part 5,
Part 6, 5/-; Part 7, 3/-3 Part 8, 4/65 Part 9, 4/6; In ex
Title, etc., 1/6.
Vol. VI.—Part 1, 13/6; Part 2, 4/6; Part 3, 3/63 ‘Part 4, 30/5 Index
, Title, etc., 1/6. -
Vol. VII (containing Paleontological papers published in -cotiguination Sieh
Geological Survey).—
Part 1, 3/-;. Part 2, out of print; Part °3, 5/-; Part 4, 8h
Part 5, 5/6; Part 6, 1/6; Index, Title, ete., 1/6. ee
Vol. VIII.—Complete, out of print. Index, Title, ete., 1/6.
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Part 6, 11/-; Part 7, 9/-; Index, Title, ete., 1/6.
Vol. X.—Part 1, 3/—; Part 2, 2/6; Part 3, 2/-: Part 4, 3/-; Part 5, 20/- + ee
Part 6, 3/-; Part 7, 10/—; Part 8, 2/6; Part 9, 5/—; Part 10, 216; :
Part 11, 20/—; Part 12,'7/-. Complete.
Vol. XI—Part 1, 3/6; Part 2, 2/-; Part 3, 13/6; Part 4, 1/6; Part 5, age
“Part-6, ee Index, Title, etc., and Plate III, 3/-. _~
Vol. XII (containing Paleontological papers published i in conjunction with the
Geological Survey).—
Part 1, 15/6; Part 2, 3/6; Part 3, 4/6; Part 4, 3/-; Part 5, Wns
Part 6, 6/—; Part 7, 20/-; Part 8, 20/—-; Index, Title, etc., 1/6. —
Vol. XIII.—Part 1, 6/—-; Part 2, 2/6; Part 3, 3/-; Part 4, 8/6; Part 5, 1/6;
Part 6, 5/—; Part 7, 30/—; Part 8, 1/-; Index, Title, ete., 1/6.
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Part 6, 2/6; Index, Title, etc., 1/6.
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Title, etc., 1/6.
Vol. XX.—Part 1, 8/6; Part 2, 12/6; Part 3, 4/-; Part 4, 10/. 4 =
The Annals of the South African Museum will be issued at nee
as matter for publication is available. — =
Copies may be obtained — = Be
Messrs. WHELDON & WESLEY, ‘Lrp., =
2, 3, and 4 AuSBYE STREET, New OxrorD Smee, Lo:
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